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Thoaa too larga to ba antiraiy included in ona axpoaura ara filmad beginning (n tha uppar laft hi ' d corner, left to right and top to bottom, mt many framea aa required. The following diagrama iiluatrate the method: Lea cartea, planchea, tableaux, etc., peuvent *tre film*s A des taux da r*duction diff*rent8. Lorsqua le document eat trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un aeui clichA, 11 eat fiimA A partir da Tangle aupArieur gauche, do gauciie A droite, et de haut en baa, an prenant le nombre d'imagea nAcassaira. Laa diagrammes suivants iiluatrant la mAthoda. rata lelure. J ax fc:1 2 3 - ■•-■'ii' f i '' 6 •^*^ '^■" ; — '— N*ii«»-. - , BESOBIPTIOJ^ .Of • #JEB£C AND MONTREAL. *r^l ■:;^\)' «A>V^tfVVWVW«l • 1 ,1 ■ '" • \ Q PHILABELPUIA, PRINTED BT O. PALMER. JVovembeTf 1813.. . * . I . » .V • . ..^■,..: :At ■■^i^ '"■■■. 1 V, L F 10-51 . O3 « 1 0] ' '_ • • i'*H. \ • '■■■.*. ■^m'- , - . • ' -. : •► *..■ ■■: ' "'■-■•• '' i.'»^/:'. i - " • ■ - i.,4;> ' ■ •, ; . ■ ■ , - . ' >U%> ■■ •■ •*'■'*■ . 5*,-t>^ '*. •■ ' •■f."j' ■ _' n _ ■j' ■ - ^ 1: , . ■ ■■■-—— --v.* I, m • ' * ' ^^**%^d nut •*■ '^■•r^i *:iir''V'. -■^^^'^^ s/'r '%' L <':^'-rn<"'f'''J'-'!ri>' A r |)FFICIAL DOCUMENTS 't- ■ : BKLATIVB TO THK OPERATIONS OF THE BRITISH ARMY ' Hf !»;,■ •!.«,''/• ^"■'^■■^--•^■'■ EMPLOTBD IN THE ;!M>^'Q ■ i'h • JREDUCTIOJT OF THE CJU^JDAS, UNDER MAJORS-GENERAL WOLFE, AMHERST, tfr. > ; ,■: .. ,".,1: In the Tears 1759 and 176a ; v j J. . '^ ' . • DESCRIPTIONS OF QUEBEC AND MONTREAL. r.' ■> '.'»^-; •.;:.^i'K "i ^M i»4';y-"'j»fiv. .'»»/< 1 ■«;.;' - -ivVf -'V ♦■ v«w«w^vw%<%w^ ,i^;.f'r'«: Letter from Major-General Woffcy to Secretary Pitt^ dated Head>Qaarten, at Montmorenci, in the river i, . ^^ St Lawrencct September 3> 1759. Si«, ''^.■"■'w /"" >■■' *'■■ ^ JL WISH I could, upon this occasion, have the lionour of trans- mitting you a more favourable account of the progress of his ma* jesty's arms; but the obstacles we have met with in the operations of the campaign, are much greater than we had reason to expect> or could foresee; not so much from the number of the enemyi (though superior to us,) as from the natural strength of the country, which the marquis de Montcalm seems wisely to depend upon. When I learned that succours of all kinds had been tlirown into Quebec; that five battalions of regular troops, completed from the best inhabitants of the country, some of the troops of the oolony, and every Canadian that was able to bear arms, besides several nations of savages, had taken the field in a very advantageous situation ; I eould not flatter myself that I should be able to reduce the place. I sought, however, an occasion to attack their army, knowing well that with these troops I was able to fight, and hoping that a victoiy might disperse diem. ic;- :A4 i^. .*i ■ I * Si 4 V •!*'»'•• ■3^-i M > We found them encamped along the shore of Beaufort) from the river St. Charles to the falls of Montmorenct, and infi«nched in every accessible pait. Tht 27th of June we landed upon the island of Orleans ; but receiving a message from the admiral that there was reason to think that the enemy had artillery and a force upon the point of Levi} I detachc^fl brigadier-general Moncton with four bat- talions to drive them from thence. He passed the river the 29th at night, and marched the next day to the point. He obliged the enemy's irregulars to retire, and possessed himself of that pbst; the advanced parties upon this occasion had two or three skirmishes with the Canadians and Indians, with little loss on either side. Colonel Carleton marched with a detachment to the westernmost point of the isle of Orleans, from whence our operations were likely to begin. It was absolutely necessary to possess these two points? and fortify theiti, because, from either the one or the other, the enemy might mal^ it impossible for any ship to lie in the bason of Quebec, or even within two miles of it* Batteries of mortars and cannon were erected with great despatch near the point of Levi to bombard the town and magatines, and to injure the works and bat- teries ; the enemy perceiving these works in some forwardness, passed the river with 1600 men to attack and destroy them. Un- luckily they fell into confusion, fired upon one another, and went back again ; by which we lost an opportunity of defeating this large detachment* The effect of this artillery had been so great (though across the river) that the upper town is considerably damaged, and the lower town entirely destroyed. The works for the security of our hospital and stores on the isle of Orleans being finished, on the 9th July, at night, we passed the north channel, and encamped near the enemy's left, the river Montmorenci between us. The next morning captain Danks's company of rangers, posted in a wood to cover some workmen, were attacked and defeated by a body of In- dians, and had so many killed and wounded, as to be almost disabled for the rest of the campaign ; the enemy also suffered in this affair, and were in their turn driven off by the nearest troops. The ground to the eastward of the falls seemed to be (as it really is) higher than that on the enemy's side, and to command it in a manner, which might 1>e made useful to us. There i^ besides a ford below the falls^ -ask 4 '";.:'«ai*%! wl anj ml bii Sol thj ort, from the nmnched in on the island lat there was ce upon the ith four hat- er the 29th obliged the at pbst; the mishes with 'estei-nmost were likely two points* other, the 16 bason of lortars and of Levi to « and bat- rwardness, em. Un- and went this large t (though iged, and curity of d» on the ped near 'he next wood to y of In- disabled is affair, The I higher > which re faUs; which may be passed for some hours in the laitter part of the ebh^ , and beginning of the flood tide; and I had hopes, that possibly means might be found of passing the river above, no as to fight M. Montcalm upon terms of less disadvantage than directly attacking bis intrenchments. In reconnoitring the river Montmorenci, we found it fondable at a place about three miles up ; but the opposite bank was intrenched, and so steep and woody, that it was to no pur- pose to attempt a passage there* The escort was twice attacked by ] the Indians, who were as often repulsed; but in these rencounters we had 40 (officers and men) killed and wounded. ■,.v,The 18th of July, two men of war, two armed sloops, and two transports with some troops on board* passed by the town without any loss, and got into the upper river. This enabled me to reconnoi- tre the country above^ where I found the same attention on the enemy's side, and great difficulty on ours, arising from the nature of the ground, and the obstacles to our communicatv>n with the fleet. Bttt what I feared most, was, that if we should land between the town and cape Rouge, the body first landed could not be reinforced before they were attacked by the enemy's whole army. :^q . Notwithstanding these difficulties, I thought once of attempting it at St. Michael's, about three miles above the town; but perceiving that the enemy were jealous of the design, were preparbg against it, and had actually brought artillery and a mortar (which being so near to Quebec they could increase as they pleased) to play upon the shipping; and as it must have been many hours before we could attack them (even supposing a fevourable night for the boats to pass by the town unhurt), it seemed s» U&zardous that I thought it best to desist. •f.m: m,:t"h^--^ ■(y-;-vP'^.- ^!ry'V'.i-^^ i-^j4---^ii-- However, to divide the enemy's force, and to drasv their attention as high up the river as possible, and to procure some intelligence, I sent a detachment under the command of colonel Garleton to land at Pointe de Trempe, to attack whatever he might find there, bring off some prisoners, and all the useful papers he could get. I had been informed that a number of the inhabitants of Quebec had retired to that place, and that probably we should find there a magazine of provisions, vt^ >iv|»«^%:l•f?-i^,;?A' ;v. .(\ /u ik>^ .^. The colonel was fired upon by a body of Indians the moment he -.»' *, ■'^-^■ '-.■I, ' k landed) but they were lOon dispersed and driven into the woods ; lie searched for magasbes, but to no purpose ; brought off some pri- soners, and returned with little loss. ?tv4 I^ ^!»«^r , ^: After this business I returned to Montmorencl, when I found that brigadier Tov.ushend had, by a superior fire, prevented the French from erecting a battery on the bank of the river, from whence they intended to cannonade our camp. I now resolved to take the first opportunity that presented itself, of attacking the enemy, though posted to great advantage, and every where prepared to receive us. As the men of war cannot (for want of sufficient depth of water) come near enough to the enemy's intrenchments to give them the least annoyance, the admiral had prepared two transports (drawing but little water), which upon occasions could be run aground to fa- vour a descent. With the help of these vessels, which I understood would be carried by the tide close in shore, I proposed to make my- self master of a detached redoubt near the water's edge, and whose situation appeared to be out of musket-shot of the intrenchment on the hill. If the enemy supported this detached piece, it would ne- cessarily bring on an engagement, what we most wished for ; and if not, I should have it in my power to examine their situation, so as to be able to determine where we could best attack them. PrcparaUons were accordingly made for an engagement. The 31st July, in the forenoon, the boats of the fleet Were filled with gre- nadiers, and a part of brigadier Moncton's brigade from the point of Levi. The two brigades under the command of brigadiers Towns- hend and Murray, were ordered to be in readiness to pass the ford, when it might be thought, necessary. To facilitate the passage of this corps, the admiral had placed the Centurion in the channel, so that she might *check the fire of the lower batteries which com- manded the ford. This ship was of great use, as her fire was very judiciously directed. A great quantity of artillery was placed on the rnninence, so as to batter and enfilade the left of their intrenchments. From the vessels which run aground nearest in, I observed that the redoubt was too mUch commanded to be kept Without very great loss; and the more so as the two armed ships could not be brought near enough to cover both with their artillery and musketry, which I at first conceived they might. But as the enemy seemed in some con- '«**< 'i *. ,i ' ■-•.1*^. ;>.„ i». ^; :-y--lf^::: woods; he ' ■ome pvi> found that the French licnce thtif e the first iVi though :eive us. of water) them the > (drawing >und to &• inderstoo^ make my- nd whose hment on nrould ne- •r ; and if 1)90 at to It. The irith gre- point of Towns- the ford, ssage of innel, so ch corn- eas very don the bments. ^ed that y great )rought vhich I ne con- fusioHf and we were {m pared for action, I thought it a proper ^itie to make an attempt upon their intrenchment. Orders were sent to the brigadiers-general to be ready with the corps under their com- mand, brigadier-general Moncton to {and, and the brigadiers Towns- hend and Murray to past the ford. At a proper time of the tide the signal was made, but in rowing towards the shore many of the boats grounded upon a ledge that runs off a considerable distance. This accident put us into some disor- der, lost a great deal of time, and ol)Iig^d me to send an officer to stop brigadier Townshend's march, whom I then observed to be in motidn. Whilst the seamen were getting the boats off, the enemy fired a number of shells and shot, but these did no considerable da- mage. As soon as this disorder could be set a little to rights, and the boats were ranged in a proper manner, sortie of the officers of the army went in with me to find a better place to land : we took one flat-bottomed boat with us to make the experiment, and as soon as we had fotmd a fit part of the shore, the troops were ordered to disembark, thinking it not yet too late for the attempt. The 13 companies of grenadiers^ and 200 of the 2d royal Ameri- can battalion, got first on shore. The grenadiers were ordered to form themselves into four distinct bodies,, and to begin the attack, supported by brigadier Moncton*s corps, as soon as the t;t)ops had passed the ford, and were at hand to assist. But, whether from the noise and hurry at landing, or from some other cause, the grenadiers, instead of forming themselves as they had been directed, *'an on im- petuously towards the enemy's intrenchments in the utmost disorder and confusion, without waiting for the corps which were to sustain them and join in the attack. Brigadier Moncton was not landed, and br'gddier Townshend was still at*a considerable distance, though upon his march to join us, in very great order. The grenadiers \rere checked by the enemy's first fire, and obliged to shelter them" selves in or about the redoubt which the French abandoned upcfi their approach. In this situation they continued for some time, un- able to form under so hot a fire, and having many gallant officers wounded, who (careless of their persons) had been solely intent upon their duty. I saw the absolute necessity of calling them off, that they might form thjemselves behind brigadier Monctpn's corps, i. /Sfe- * ■'t^*- I I which was now landedi uid dnwn up on the bjBtch in extreme good order. "* ' ■■ **'*' "**'< "f :^vf ■ ■ »*• »v» 'itji j.'f^;-.: ■ By thii new accident) and this second delay, it waa near night ;— a sudden storm came on, and the tide began to make; ao that'I thought it most adviiteable not to persevere in so difficult an attack, lest (in case of a repulse) the retreat of brigadier Townshcnd's corpa might be hasardous and uncertain. Our artillery had great effect upon the enemy's left, where briga- diers Townshend and Murray were to have attacked ; and it is pro- bable, if those accidents which I have spoken of had not happened, we should have penetrated there, whilst our left and centre (more remote from our aitillery) must have borne all the violence of their musquetry. vJifi- • fm--:>m>^^^*'^'(n^'^''f«^'''^^'^''^_i,*t^it ■> The French did not attempt to interrupt our march. Some of the savages cume down to murder such wounded as could not be brought oir, and to scalp the dead, agreeably to their usual custom. The place where the attack was intended, has these advantages over all others hereabout. Our artillery could be brought into use. The greatest part, or even the whole of the troops might act at oncei and the retreat (if necessary) was secure, at least for a certain time of the tide. Neither one or other of these advantages can any where else be found. The enemy were indeed posted upon a commanding eminence. The beach upon which the troops were drawn up was of a deep mud, with holes, and cut by several guUies. The hill to be ascended, very steep, and not every where practicable. The enemy numerous in their intrenchments, and their fire hot. If the attack had succeeded, our loss must certainly have been great, and theirs inconsiderable, from the shelter which the neighbouring woods afforded them. The river St. Charles still remained to be passed, before the towli was invested. All these circumstances I conudered; but the desire to act in conformity to the king's inten- tions, induced me to make this trial, persuaded that a victorious army finds no difficulties. The enemy have been fortifying ever ^ce witli care, so as to make a second attempt still more dangerous. wt..;?i»c,*>ik« ai*iffc<»i*-^ Immediately after this check, I sent brigadier Murray above the town with 1200 men, directing liim to assist rear-admiral Holmes •t [treme good ir niglit ;<— i; BO that*I It an atUck, lead's corpc 'here briga- nd it it pro- t happened, :ntre (more nee of their lome of the be brought advantages It into uae. ct at once I srtain time any where mmanding ivn up was ^he hill to We. The t If the ;reat, and l^hbourlng ned to be tstances I S's inten- rictorious so as to '•"it*-: )0ve the Holmes ^' ft) the destruction of the French ships (if they could be (^t at^, in or^ der to open a communication with general Amherst. The brigadier was to seek tvcry favourable opportunity of fighting iiome of the enemy's detachments, pr^ided he could do it upon favourable terms, and to use all ine«H|n his power to provoke them to attack him. He made two diilMM attempts to land upon the itorth shore without success; but in a third was more fortunate. He landed un> expectedly at De Chambaudi and there burnt a magazine, in which were some provisions, some ammunition, and all the spare stores, clothing, arms, and baggage of their army. Finding that their ships were not to be got at, and little prSkpect of bringing the enemy to a battle, he reported his situation to me, and I ordered him to join the army. The prisoners he took informed him of the surrender of the fort of Niagara; and we discovered by intercepted letters, that the enemy had abandoned Carillon and Crown-point, and w«>re retired to the Isle Aux Ncix ; and thut general Amherst was making preparations to pass lake Champlain, to fall upon M. fiourlemaque's corps, which consists of 4^ree battalions of foot, and as many Canadians as make the whole fpiount to three thousand men. The admiral's despatches and mine would have gone eight or ten days tooner, if I had not been prevented from writing by a fever. I found myself so ill, and am still so weak, that I begged the general officers ta consult together for the public utility. They are all of opinion, that (as more ships and provisions have now got above the town) they should try, by conveying up a corps of 4 or 5000 men (which is nearly the whole strength of the army, after the points of Levy and Orleans are left in a proper state of defence), to draw the enemy from their present situation, and bring them to action. I have acquiesced in their proposal) and we are preparing to put it into execution. ..v*k.«^/ • ^^-.Mp^^ The admiral and I have examined the town, with a view to a ge- neral assault; but, after consulting with the chief engineer, who is well acquainted with the interior parts of it, and after viewing it with t^e utmost attention, we found that, though the batteries of the lower town might be easily silenced by the men of war, yet the bu- siness of an assault would be little advanced by that, since the few i'- .0 •V::;:.*%,- ,'; i ', \\ ( II i ' i » ^ssages that lead from the lower to the upper town, are carefullyi intrenched ; and the upper batteries cannot be affepti^^by the ships, which, however, must receive considerable damagiHni them, and from the utortars. The admiral would jjfe^dily jfii»fit||R, or in any other measure for the public service ; uflpponld iwt propose to him an undertaking of pa dangerouf a na1i||^paid promising so little success* .A,,i'»>^»r::.,>4c.,-4.T' .?j To the uncommon strength of the country, the enemy have added (for the defence of the river) a great number of floating batteries, and boats. By the vigilance of these, and the Indians round our dif- feren^^sts, it has been impossible to execute any thing by surprise* We have had almost daily skirmishes with these savages, in which they are generally defeated, but not without loss on our side. By the list of disabled oflRcers (many of whom are of rank) you may perceive, sir, that the army is much weakened. By the nature of the river, the most formidable part of this armament is deprived of the power of acting; et, we have almost the whole forcp of Ca- nada to oppose. In this situation* there is such a choice- f«||(^ifficul- ties, that I own myself at a loss how to determine. "Ulil^airs of Great Britun, I know, require the most vigorous meigures; but then, the''*#Mirage of a handful of men should be exerted only where there is some hope of a favourable event. However, you aaay be assured, air, that the small, part of the campaign which remains, shall be eaplcqred (as &r as I am able) for the honour of his ma- jesty, and the interest of the nation, in which I am sure of being well seconded by the admiral* and by the generals. Happy ^f our efforts here can contribute to the success of his majesty's arms in any other parts of America. I have the honour to be, with the gi«atest respect, sir, your most obedient, and most humble servant, JAM?S WOLFE. Right honourable Mr. secretary Pitt, 8cc. &c. &c. > Y- ;Hbv, • i<';^. • V >4 f; "t OHicersii^ Sergeants, *^. DrummerS} j^„ Rank and file, ' Memorandum.— >' Jtuly, 1759. , Return of killed^ wounded^ and miaattig. ,.... ; r ...W,-.-: ,i Killed. Wounded. Misting. U 46. 00 %'ri-|*,W>***felii«fiS 572 17 182 651 17 li ^ to the affair near Montmorenci, 3l8t eA^'VJf '5*^i«Wi|?. '.^-^iV^'^ '>fc.*'.' V «^, "r .■: -if^'ii'i orders given out by general Wolfe, on the let of Au- 9, the day after he attacked the enemy's In^renchments below the %t Montmorenci. vjf- >i4;. i^*^^* *?^ B & V, .^'H.'SK*'. rv ) # 12 .<■'<>. Letter from Admiral Saundera to Secretary Pitty dated fij j^j,^ 'I' M: Stirling Cutle, off Point Levi, in the river St. Laurence, 5th Septeail^r, 1759. Sir, ^1 ^-i-^^i^V'J^. In my letter of the 6th of June, 1 acaiuiinted you Iwas then off Scatari, standing for the* river St. Lail'rtoce. On the 26th, I had Q;ot up, with the first division of the fleet and transports, as far as the middle of the isle of Orleans, where I immediately prepared to land the troops, which I did the next momin|^. The same day the second and third divisions came up, and the troops from them were landed likewise. I got thus far without any loss or accident whatever ; but direct- ly after landing the troops, a very hard gale of wind came on, by which many anchors and small boats were lost, and much damage received amcng the transports by their driving on board each other. The sliips that lost most anchors I supplied from the men of war, as far as I was able, and, in all other respects, gave them the best assistance m my power. . . ™ On the 28th at midnight, tlic enemy sent down from Quebec seven fireships ; and though our ships and transpons were so numer- ous and necessarily spread so great a part of the channel, we towed them all clear and aground, without receiving the least damage from them. The next night general Monckton crossed the rivtr and landed with his brigade on the south shore, and took post at Point Levi; and general Wolfe took his on the westernmost point of the isle of Orleans. ' * ' "v- ^ ., On the 1st of July I moved up between the points of Orleans and Levi ; and, it being resolved to land on the north shore, below the the falls of Montmorenci, I placed, on the 8th instant, his majesty's sloop the Porcupine and the Boscawen armed vessel, in the channel between Orleans and the north shore, to cover that landing, which took place that night. On the 17th, I ordered capt Rous of the Sutherland to proceed, with the first fair wind and night tide, above the town of Quebec, and to take with him his majesty's ships Diana and Squirrel, with M 13 Ued Laurence, 8 then off 6th, I had t as far as repared to le day the iiem were tut direct- ne on, by 1 damage ich other, sn of war, ntbe best \ Quebec H> numer- we towed t damage the river L post at >temmost leans and >elow the najesty's channel J, which proceed, Quebec, rel, with two • ^aed sloops, and two catts armed and loaded with provisions. On the 18th at night they all got up, except the Diana, «id g«ve general Wolfe an opportunity of reconnoitring above the town; those ships having carried some troops with them for that purpose. The Diana ran ashore on the rocks off point Levi, and received so much damage, tlMit I have' sent her to Boston with 37 sail of Ameri- can transports (those which received most damage in the gale of the 27th of June), where they are to be discharged; and the Diana, having repured her damage, to proceed to England, taking with her the mast-ships, and what trade may be ready to accompany her. On the 28th at midnight, the enemy sent down a raft of fire- stages, of near 100 radeaux, which succeeded no better than the fire-ships. On the 31st, general Wolfe determined to land a number of troops above the falls of Montmorenci, in order to attack the enemy's Imes; to cover which I placed the Centuilbn in the channel, between the isle of Orleans and the falls, and ran on shore, at high water, two catts which I had armed for that purpose, against two small batteries and two redoubts, where our tnx^s were to land. About six in the evening they landed, but the general not thinking it proper to persevere in the attack, soon after part of them reim- barked, and the rest crossed the falls with general Wolfe; upon which, to prevent the two catts from falling into the enemy's hands (they being then dry on shore), I gave orders to take the men out, and set them on fire, which was accordingly done. On the 5th of August in the night, I sent twenty fiat-bottomed boats up the river, to the Sutherland, to embark 1260 of the troops with brigadier-general Murray, from a post we had taken on the south shore. I sent admiral Holmes up to the Sutherland, to act in concert with him, and gave him all the assistance the ships and boats could afford. At the same time I directed admiral Holmes to use his best endeavours to get at and destroy the enemy's ships above the town ; and to that purpose I ordered the Lowestoffe, and Hunter sloop, with two armed sloops and two catts, with provisions, to pass Quebec, and to join the Sutherland ; but the wind holding westerly, it was the 27th of August before they got up, which was the fourth attempt they had made to gain their passage. ■Ml 1* H'- II On the 25th at night, admiral Holmes and general Murray^ with pajt of^he troops, returned; they had met with and destroyed a magazine of the enemy's clothing, some gunpowder, and other things ; and admiral Holmes had been ten or twelve leagues above the town, but found it impracticable at that time to get further up. . , General Wolfe having resolved to quit the camp at Montmorenci) and go above the town, in hopes of getUng between the enemy and their provisions (supposed to be in the ships there), and by that means force them to an action, I sent up, on the 39tb at night, the Sea<4iorse and two armed sloops, with two catts laden with provisions, to join the rest above Quebec ; and, having taken off ^1 the artillery from the camp at Montmorenci) on the 3d instant, in the forenoon, the troops embarked from thence, and landed at Point Levi. The 4th at night I sent all the flat-bottomed boats up, and this night a pert of the troops will march up the south shore, above the town, to be embarked in the ships and vessels there, and to-morrow night the rest will follow. Admiral Holmes is also gone up again to assist in their future operations, and to try if, with the assistance ci the troops^ it is practicable to get at the enemy's ships. As general Wolfe writes by this opportunity, he will give you an account of hit part of the operations, and his thoughts what further may be dcme for his majesty's service.. The enemy appear nume- rous, and seem to be strongly posted ; but let the event be what it will, we shall remain here as long as the season of the year will permit, in order to prevent their detaching troops from hence against general Amherst; and I shall leave cruisers at the mouth of the river, to cut off taxy supplies that may be sent them, wkh strict orders to k«ep thtft station as long as possible. The town of Quebec is not habitable, bebg alnwst entirely burnt and destroyed. I iBGk«e you the present disposition of the ships under my com- mand : twenty 6f the vkfuslllers that sailed from England with the EohO) are arrived bere« onei unloaded at Louisburg, having receiv- ed damage in her pAstege out, and another I have heard nothing of; No ships of the enemy have come this way, that I have had any in- telligence of, since my arrival in the river, except one laden with flour and brandy, which was taken by capt. Drake of the Lizard. Before admiral Durell got into the river, three frigates and seven- m li . ■*;. rray, with !8troyed a and other ues above ither up. . Itmorenci) tnemy and hat means Sea-horse ») to join Herjr from noon, the The 4th ght a pert »wn, to be night the assist in he troops^ ve you an at further BT nume- >e what it year wit) tn hence le mouth ^ith strict F Quebec my com* with the ' receiv- thing of: 1 any in« len with izard. d seven-. 15 teen sail* with proviuons, stores, and a few recruits, got up, and are those we are so anxious, if possible, to destroy. Yesterday I received a letter from general Amherst (to whom I have i&d no opportunity of wridng since I have been in the river) dated, camp at Crown pdnt, August the 7th, wherein he only de- sire:; I would send transports and a convoy to New York, to caf^ to England six hundred and seven prisoners taken at the surrender of Niagara. I should have wrote to you sooner from hence, but white my des- patches were preparing, general Wolfe was taken very ill; he has been better since, but is greatly out of ordier. I shall very soon send home the great shipS| veA hi^ the honour to be, with the greatest respect, '^ ¥»#i«W' Sir, your most obedient and most humble servant, i^.^^vit^^w^m^^i^.'^^m^-^m't^ CHARLES SAUNDERS. ■yiVi/- m .h-- «jH(i V Letter from General Monrkton to tecretary Pitt^ fated ..ifi^i^ - Sir, Camp at Point Levi, Sept 15, 1759. I have the pleasure to acquunt jrou, that on the 13th instant, his majesty's troops gained a very fdgnal victory over the French, a little above the town of Quebec. General Wolfe, exerting himself on the right of our line, received a wound pretty early, of which he soon af- ter died, ancTl had myself the great misfortune of receiving one in my right breast by a ball, that went thipugh part of my lungs (an^ which has been cut out under the blade bone of my shoulder), just as the French were giving way, which obliged me to quit the fiel^. I have therefore, sir, desired general Townshend, who now com* mands the troops before the town (and of which I am in hopes he will be soon in possesuon), to acquaint you with tRe particulars of that day, and of the operations carrying on. v «p ., I have the h(Hiour to be, &c. ' ROBERT MONCKTON. P. S. His majesty's troops behaved with the greatest steadiness and bravery. * #■■ t '- '*. ,) ;;-,fiv.:.,.. ■. V ,* 16 !■■) - .!■' / I , ! f r* f^ It I As the surgeoitis tell iiie there is no dkhger in my wound, I am in %. hopes of being soon enabled to join the army before the town. JXtter from Brigadier'General Totmahend to secretary Fittt dated iiit,,- \ir^ Sir, Camp before Qjiebec, Sept. 20, 1759. I have the honour to acquaint you with the success of his ma- jesty's arms, on the 13th instant, in an action with the French, on the heights to the westward of this town. It being dftermined to carry the operations above the town, the posts at point Levi and isle d'Orleans being secured, the general marched w>h the remainder of the force from point Levi the 5th and 6th, and embarked them in transports, which had passed the town for that purpose. On the 7th, 8th, and 9th, a movement of the ships was made up, by admiral Holmes, in order to amuse the enemy, now posted along the north shore ; but the transports being exceed- ingly crowded, and the weather very bad, the general thought pro- per to cantoon half his troops on the south shore, where they were refreshed, and reimbarked upon the 12th, at one in the morning. The light infantry, commanded by colonel Howe, the regiments of, Bragg, Kennedy, Lascelles, and Anstruther, with a detachment of Highlanders, and American grenadiers, the whole being under the command of brigadiers Monckton and Murray, were put into the Sat-bottomed boats, and, after some movement of the sliips made by admiral Holmes, to draw off the attention of the enemy above, the boats fell down with the tide, and landed on the north shore, within a league of Cape Diamond, an hour before day-break : the rapidity of the ebb tide carried them a little below the intended place of attack, which obliged the light in&ntry to scramble up a woody precipice in order to secure the landing of the troops, by dislodging a captain's post, which defended a small intrenched path the troops were to as- cend. After a little firing, the light infantry gained the top of the precipice, and dispersed the captain's post; by which means the troops, with a trifling loss from' a few Canadians and Indians in the wood, got up, and were immediately formed. The boats, after dis- l!ii ! i^ 17 ' s , embarking their trcx^s, were sent back for the second embarkation^ which I immediately made. Brigadier Murray, who had been de- tached with Anstruther's battalion to attack the four*gun battery on the left, was recalled by the general, who now saw the French army , crossing the river St. Charles. General Wolfe thereupon began forming his line, having his right covered by the Louisbourg grena- diers; on the right of these again he brought Otway^; to the left of the grenadiers were Bragg's, Kennedy's, Lascelles's, Highlanders, and Anstruther's; the right of this body was commanded by brigadier Monckton, and the left by brigadier Murray ; his rear and left were protected by colonel Howe's light infantiy, who was returned from the four'gun battery before-mentioned, which was soon abandoned to him. General Montcalm having collected the whole of his force from the Beauport side, and advancing, shewed his intention to flank our left, where I was immediately ordered with general Amherst's battalion, which I formed en potence. My numbers were soon after encreased by the arrival of two battalions of royal Americans ; and Webb's was drawn up by the general, as a reserve, in eight subdivi- sions, with large intervals. The enemy lined the bushes in their front, with 1500 Indians and Canadians, and it is probable they had also placed there their best marksmen, who kept up a very galling, though irregular fire upon our whole line, who bore it with the greatest patience and good order, reserving their fire for the main body, now advancing. This fire of the enemy was, however, checked by our posts in front, which protected the forming our own line. The right of the enemy was composed of half the troops of the co- lony, viz. the battalions of La Sarre, Languedoc, and the remainder of their Canadians and Indians. Their centre was a column, and formed of the battalions of Beame and Guienne. Their left was composed of the remainmg troops of the colony, and the battalion of royal Rousillon. This was, as near as I can ascertain, their line of battle. They brought up two pieces of small artillery against us, and we had been able to bring up but one gun; which, being admirably well served, galled exceedingly their column. My attention to the left will not permit me to be very exact with regard to every circum- stance which passed in the centre, much less to the right ; but it is most certain that the enemy formed in good order, and that their at- ^f' i. (I . ''^A*' ■ 18 I ! i I i 'f V. tack was very brisk and animated on that side. Our troops reserved their fire till within forty yards* which was then so well continued, that the enemy eyery where gave way. It was then that our illus- trious general fell) at the head of Bragg's and the Louisbourg gre- nadiers adrancing with their bayonets; and, about the same time, brigadier-general Monckton received his wound at the head of Las- celles's. %the front of the oppoute battalions fell also Monueur Montcalm ; and his second in command is since dead of his wounds aa board our fleet. Part of the enemy made a second'^nt attack. Part took to some thick copse wood, and seemed to make a stand. It was at this moment that each corps seemed in a manner to exert itself, with a view to its own peculiar character. The grenadiers, Bragg's, and Lascelles's, pressed on with their bayonets. Brigadier Murray, advancing briskly with the troops under his command, com* pleted the route on this side ; when the Highlanders, supported by Anstruther's, took to their broad-swords, and drove part into the town, and pait to the works at their bridge on the river St. Charles. The action on our left and rear was not so severe. The houses into which the light infantry were thrown, were well defended, be- ing supported by cokmel Howe, who taking post with two companies behind a small copse, and frequently sallying upon the flanks of the enemy duiing their attack, drove them often into heaps, against the (rant of which body I advanced platoons of Amherst's regiment, which totally prevented the right wing from executing their first design. Before this, one of the royal American battalions had been detached to preserve our commtmication with our boats, and the other being sent to occupy the ground which brigadier-general Mur- ray's movement had left opeui I remained with Amherst's to sup- port this disposition, and to keep in check the enemy's right, and a body of their savages, which waited still more towards our rear, op- posite the posts of our light infantry, waiting for an opportunity to fall upon our rear. This, sir, was the situation of things, when I was told that there appeared some degree of confbuon in the centre, arismg from our pursuit of the enemy: I immediately repaired to that pdnt, and im- diately formed the troops with every possible degree of regularity. Scarcely was this efTected when Monsieur Bougainville, with his 0^;^ "W- ,( " ^ 19 corps from Cape Rouge, consisting of 2000 men, appeared in oui- rear. I advanced two pieces of artillery, and two battalions towards him, when he immediately retired. You will not, I hope, sir, blame me for not quitting such advantageous ground, and risking the fate of so decisive a day, by setting a fresh enemy, posted perhaps in the very kind of ground he could wish for, viz. woods and swamps. Wc took a great number of French officers upon the field of battle, and one piece of cannon. Their loss is computed to be about 1500 men, which fell chiefly on their regulars. I have been employed, from the day of action to that of the capitulation, in redoubting our camp be- yond insult, in making a road up the precipice for our cannon, in getting up artillery, preparing the batteries, and cutting off the enemy's communication with the country. The 17th, at noon, before we had any battery erected, or could have any for two or three days, a flag of truce came out with proposals of capitulation, which I sent back again to the town, allowing them four hours to capitulate, or no farther treaty. The admiral had, at this time, brought up his large ships, as intending to attack the town. The French officer returned at night with terms of capitulation ; which, with the admiral, were considered, agreed to, and signed at eight o'clock in the morning of the 18th instant. The terms granted will, I flatter myself, be ap- proved of 1^ his majesty, considering the enemy were assembling in our rear, and, what is far more foi*midable, the very wet and cold season, which threatened our troops with sickness, and the fleet with some accident ; our roads were already so bad, that we could not bring up a gun for some time ; add to this, the advantage of entering the town with the walls in a defensible state, and thence being able to put there a garrison sufficiently strong to prevent a surprise. These, I hope, will be deemed sufficient considerations for granting them the terms which I have herewith the honour to transmit. The in- habitants of the country come in to us fast, bringing in their arms, and taking the oaths of fidelity, until a general peace determines their situation. I have the honour to enclose herewith, a list of the killed and wounded ; a list of the prisoners, as perfect as I have as yet been able to procure it; a list of the artillery and stores in the town, as well as of those fallen into our hands at Beauport in consequence ol C ^^, If-'*' \ #• 5X) the victory. By deserters we learn, that the enemy are re-assetn- bling what troops they can, behind Cape Rouge; that Monsieur Levy is come down from the Montreal side to command them ; some say he has brought Ifvith him, from thence, ttvo battalions ; if so, this blow has already assisted general Amherat. Dy other de- serters we learn, that Monsieur Bougainville, with 800 men, and provisions, was on his march to t' /ow himself into the town on the I8th^ the very morning it capitulated, on nVhich day we had not completed the investment of the place, as they had broke their bridge of boats, and had detachments in very strong works on tiie other side the river St. Charles. 1 should not do justice to the admirals, and the naval service, if 4 neglected this occasion to acknowledge how much we are indebted for our success to the constant assistance and support received from them) and the perfect harmony and correspondence which have pre- vailed throughout all our operations, in the uncommon difficulties which the nature of this country, in particular, presents to military operations of a great extent, and which no army can itself solely supply ; the immense labour required in transporting artillery, stores, and provisions; the long watchings and attendance in boats; the draw- ing up our artillery by seamen, even in the heat of the action ; it is my duty, short as my command has been, to acknowledge for thaty how great a share the navy has had in this successful campaign. I have the honour to be, See. &c. * # ^ GEORGE TO'WNSHEND. lie turn q/" killed^ wounded^ and misaing, on the Plains of Abrahani, < ' T near Quebecy 1 3th SffitembeTf \7 59. * Total killed, 1 general,* 1 captain, 6 lieutenants, 1 ensign, 3 ser- geants, 45 rank and file. > , . ' . , Total wounded, 1 brigadier-general,t 4 staff officers, 12 captains, 26 lieutenants, 10 ensigns, 35 sergeants, 4 drummers, 506 rank and file. ♦ Major«Qentrftl Wolfe kilted. f Brigadier-Gbner^ Monckton wound(a}. M^" .'i*- fli '^•i'. Missing, 3 rank and file. "- Royal train of artillery and engineers, lieutenant Benzell, engineci;) wounded; 1 gunner killed; 1 bombardier, 1 gunner, 5 jnatrosses, nounded. \>. RECAPITULATION. ' • Killed. Wounded. Missing. Officers, Sergeants, • \- ■ • Diiimmers, Rank and file, ]ftoYAL TRAIN OF ARTILLKRY. Officers, Gunners, - . - Bombardiers, - Matrosses, • . - 9 53 00 3 25 00 00 4 00 45 506 3 GO 1 00 1 1 00 00 1 00 00 5 00 t Totals, 58 596 Commander in chief, Major-Ge* neral Wolfe. English line, 1 5th Amherst's, , 28th Bragg's, 35th Otway's, 43d Kennedy's, 47th Lascelles'9, 48th Webb's, 58th Anstruther's, Monckton's, 78th Highlanders, Laurence's, Fraeer's, Louisbur^h grenadiers. Royal artillery. N. B. Maj. Gen. Wolfe killed. Brig. Gen. Monckton wounded. 13/A Se/it. 1759. Right Column Commander in chief, marquis de Montcalm. French line. Strength. La Colonie, 350 La Sane, 340 [one 13 po. iron. Languedoc 320 Beam, 300 La Guienne, 200 Royal Roussillon, 330 [one 12 po. intend' ed to be here, but was not placed. La Colonie, 300 Militia in the bushes and 1 along the face of the V1500 bank, - - J Left 1 Total, 3540 Principal officers. ■ Marquis de Montcalm, dead. Brigadier Senezcnquer, do. ■ K- »•• 22 •^^ French Force continued. t ,/*•-!* ">'*^ T. M. Bougainville's command. ..' y Five companirs grenadiers, 150 Canadian volunteers, 330 favalry, 875 militia. — Total 1 500, exclusive of 189 Marines. N. D. The above are all on board ships. The bat"'*^ of four pieces of cannon, 18 pounders, was destroyed the morning of our landing. Two pieces of cannon were taken on the field. GEORGE TOWNSHEND, Brigar"*!. b : Artielea q/" Ca/iitulation demanded by M. de Rarrfr^y, -cmmanderfor hi» mott Chrittian tnajeaty in the higher and loxver town qf Q^ebec^ knight <(f the military order qf St. Louh^ from hit excellency the general commanding hit Britannic tnajeaty't Jorcet. Article I. M. de Ramsay demands the honours of war for his gar- rison, and that it s&all be conducted back to the army in safety by the shortest road, with their arms, baggage, six pieces of brass cannon, two mortal:; or howitzers, and twelve rounds.— TlAr garriaon qf the tovnii comfioaed ef land forceay marineay and aailora^ ahatl march out with their arma and baggage^ druma beatings lighted matches^ with two fiiecea of cannon^ and twelve rounda^ and ahall be embarked aa conveniently aa fioaaiblcy in order to be landed at the Jirat fiort in France. ^ '■ . ■■ . Art. II. That the inhabitants shall be maintained in the possession of their houses, goods, effects, and privileges.— Granr^rf, firovided they lay down their arma. Art. III. That the said inhaoiUiiU. shall not be molested n 'ac- count of their having borne ar ., ! i i. cfence o. ine town, as they were forced to it, and as it is customary for the inhabitants of the co- lonies of both crpwns to serve as militia. — Granted. Art. IV. That the effects belon;);ing to the absent officers or in- habitants, shall not be touched— Gran/ft/. Art. V. That the said inhabitants shall not be removed, nor ob- as liged to quit their houses, until their condition shall be settled by a definitive treaty, l> tween their most Christian and Britannic majes« tits.— Oranrr ;(^j; , . charles saunders, • ■' GEORGE TOWNSHEND, / , , i)E RAMSAY. ■€t QUEBEC Is situated on a prominent point of land, between the rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, about 320 miles from the sea, in north lat. 46° 48'. ; long, west, from London, 71* 15'; and east, from Wash- ington, S** 45'.* It is 60 miles distant from the nearest point in the United States, in the district of Maine— 170 from Montreal — 246 from Plattsburg — and 796 from Albany. The town is divided into upper and lower. .^The upper town stands on a high limestone rock, of great natural strength, and it is well fortified. The citadel is constructed on the highest part of Cape Diamond, 330 feet above the river, and is very strong ; and the whole works have, of late years, been much improved. The lower town occupies the ground at the basis of the promon- toiy, which has been gained from the clifTs, on one side, by mining, and from tlie river, on the other, by the construction of wharves ; and this is the principal pk^e of commerce. In consequence of the peculiarity of situation, the streets are ge- nerally irregular and uneven; many of them very narrow, and but few of them are paved. The houses are generally built of stone, and are very rough and unsightly, the interior being plain and void of taste. The public buildings arc numerous, but the greater part of them are equally void of taste and elegance with the private build- ings; though much labour and expense must have been bestowed on the construction. The principal public buildings are the Catholic * See Mellsh's mjjp of the seat of war; .* ij «' '■•■#■ = ,•9 It.' 25 cathedral church) the Jesuit's college, the seminary, the protestant metropolitan church, the court-house, the hotel Dieu, convent of Ur- (iulines, library, general hospital, Sic. The monastery, once a build- ing of considerable importance, was destroyed by fire, m 1796; and the order became extinct. fU: r ••"';' 't.->' "■>'■ •'-; .*>• ,ij,iS^|^itry •■ The population appears, by the most recent accounts, to be about J 5,000. About two-thirds of the inhabitants are of French extrac- tion, who are gay and lively ; and the inhabitants generally, are re- presented as being polite and hospitable. Before the present war Quebec was a great emporium of com- merce, and the city was remarkably well supplied with provisions. The country round Quebec is pretty fertile ; but the stoppage of the supplies from the United States must have a considerable effect, both on the trade and markets. 'jfti; ■'if ^-y The river, opposite the city, is from 900 to 1000 yards broad, and its greatest depth, at high water, is thirty fathoms, the anchorage be- ing every where safe and good. The flow of the tide is very strong, rising usually to eighteen feet, and at spring-tides to twenty-four. The river, in winter, is frequently frozen over, when the scene becomes very amusing and interesting, affording the country peo- ple, on the south side, an opportunity of bringing their produce to market over the ice ; and presenting a field for the exercise of the citizens, who are frequently seen driving their horses and car- riages on the frozen suiface of the river. Below the town the ri- ver widens out into a spacious basin, capable of containing a vast quantity of shipping. Immediately below this it is divided by the island of Orleans into two streams, from whence it widens out to 10 or 12 miles, continuing to encrcase till it reaches the gulph of St. Lawrence, where it is 170 miles wide, and discharges one of the largest collections of fresh water on the surface of the globe. It is navigable with ships of the largest burden to Quebec, and with mer- chant vessels to Montreal. The tide flows to Three Rivers, about 70 miles above Quebec. The view round Quebec is beautiful. To the west are the heights and plains of Abraham, rendered memorable by the battle between the French and English, in 1759. To tl^e north is the river St. Charles, of which the windings present a picturesque appearance. 1: I I * fi.- i- u •^.l' .%*^^ •V',- . « '. 26 if it 'h^ ^ ■ ■^"■■•Hj 1 y i'*.' '''To the south mm) iMAith-eastis the river and high-lands above Point ^ des Peres. To the east is the basiO} Point Levi, Isle of Orleans, with the north and south channels. To the north-east are the mountains* of Beauport, stretching beyond the river Montmorenci, remarkable as exhibiting one of the most ivonderful falls in the world, a de- scription of which shall close this account. ^j,' The river Montmorenci rises in the north-east, and passes through a course of considerable extent. On its approach to the St. Law- rence the channel is bounded bjr precipitous rocks, its breadth be- -'^ comes much contracted, and the rapidity of the current is aug- mented. On the east side the bank is about 50 feet high, and nearly perpendicular ; the opposite bank being of a singular shape, Tesembling the ruins, of a lofty wall. The river descends between them with a foaming current, broken by huge masses of stone in its bottom. It continues to augment in velocity, and forms several cas- cades before reaching the great fall ; when it is precipitated, in an al- most perpendicular direction, over a rock 246 feet high, forming one of the most sublime views in the world. The breadth of the fall is 100 feet. The basUi is bounded by steep cliffs, composed of grey limestcne. An advantageous view of th<^ ^U may be obtjiiii^ irop the beach of |he Su Lawrence) when it ,i8 low water. ^i|il-jir./,Vu*»'i;-. .?{- ■ >: ;*%-v^"^ '■■'.; -■ r.'i^i,-r.^-fi;» MONTBEAL ^^^''^"'^^^^ ' •' Is situated on the south-east side of an island of the same name, in the river St. Lawrence, in 45° 2^' north latitude ; andlongi- ■■'■'^FW' ^■<^- s: ^'. ■•' !■■!«■','•' ■ r -r above Point rlwuiB, with B mountains' remarkable i^orld, a de- ses through le St. Law- breadth be- 'ent is aug- high, and ular shape, ids between stone in its several cas< ed, in an al- brming one bounded by ■ ous view of t«nce, when e it fell be. y extensive e most im- traffic with ium of the Dt country, account of the same and longi- .iS-A?i;. tj;"t 'W'w'-'fc.i ■jf 'i-v A * .^&:ia: ■rfiji'l^i"'af* /■ iJ ^' <^' • :■ » / ,. J' ;* . ' e- , «*e*..>^+W4-»' *iH.H»»<«*li/'W»"JIWW«»*>-» ■^A .(.. ::i^' "'■ u .JVj;: ^* ^P^' V : ,"'■■■■•1 •^1 t^v ■ .'SI >f" • ^ !>;■• . ii '*■ '.• ■ ''■' ' t «^;;' - •' ■, '^■ «i-.:v '■ ■ ^>i .;« .t-'! ;Tp5l"tiv.-'-4^tii Ki\4'i'i'Jr^.«*'TiSt/lB'mf/Tjv«r Wrti%fe^^«'ji*w'e Point' ' i?» and soutlj ihasujcis. To Un* nonh-cast ,f»v fl- Mt^uiUiiits* »% exlMiyJtinjj <*»« M" th* t»**? •W'HlftU^iii^l fiiiU in the wt.;:rf;'. n dc- I'he nvft/' v^'W^Wiareuci ii«*i« tlve i»wrtIi'«!«*Je exte»t f >« us a-ppcoar^ **j ^ht Srt Law- fenc» {!»» **I,*A^#«4 i^ liDuuflctt ftjf jwrsjcipitous rocVj, i«* W8**^.rt> be- •eM*i*<*« i»W# t*»*f***Sf«.i^s ■««« th^' ri'.ijjkJitf of thr current r» ini^;;- «r>«t.. it. ai'^ytit' ,;U,? A;tt Iuk^^ and **;«|fif>iin^-?l3«'T#aa»v#f'*:k*t«y' waH, -^-e' river- fJescewis tf;iwef!M them ■wilH a foanting rurrcnt, brokMi hf huge masses of Btcrae in its IxittOiU. It eontinut!* !o augwent h\ vt'lotity, af>tl forms severiil cat>- t&Atfi haime reachiiiK 'Vve jjttaJ t'aH i when it is prccipitaiexl, in an al- .■J;ilft^-il« l^a»!.«^v.imi*|_i^3ti**i«»! th« ^feiSSN- fi«i«»*r;y --siWt^t it ffU \ki iiu- t4tt^;::>';lfcvj^j?'#^^^'^ ciHv^^ sUjaceut coumrj-, '!ii* tU*y'^^?tett.M*'^<':f>''^***---t^^ BCcumpar!U«#iA to tlac iuetount of of I :.»^ p-^y'4,' t ■ t*/ h above Point Y>m'Um^ with " ■■■ through ^ &t Law- I' t«w.j^,H> be- l^t-trm ii* atig . ' fii«:*>i and fini* I. Ki'.vceii ofstoiKi in Its a:« umiy Id if>l' Rung o«H> h Ji'^Mmied by . N*»^ v*«tv of »»^ it Mi bei ►"•y vxtvr»siv;>u>r of i and lone»! . i M' .\:»\ .•.». ■Tfd % m^ f-r ■'m- ■# ■^• '^ ■V'%_ tucle west from London 73" 30'; being east from WRshingttHi 3" 40'.* It is 1 70 miles above Qqebec, 500 from the sea, 40 from fhv nearest land in th« United States, 66 from PlaAtsburg, 3uO from Kingston, at the east end of lake Ontario, and about the same distance from Sacket's Harbour. It is built in the form of a paralLelogram» ex- tending froirx north-east to south-^vest, and was originally surrounded by a wall to ddend it against the IiKliaHs ; but it vna never in a state to resist the attack of a regular army. The fortiBcations Sellto ruin long ago, and) in purspAnce of an act of the colonial legislature, tbey have lately, been entirely demolished. This city, like Quebec, is dii vided intp^ upper and k>wer, though the difference of level between them does not exceed fifteen feet. . v ^'^t^",Ul sa'fi !ifii«nu.v<; ,3»?fH. , The streets are si^flicicntly wide, and regularly disposed, erossing one another mostly at right angles, so that the city is airy and agree- able. The; houses of the principal inhabitants are neat and bomnu)- dious; and the store-houses, fur merchandize, are spacious and se- cure ; but many of the other houses are badly built, and have a very poor appearance. The principal public biiildingsiare the hotel Dieu, founded in 1 644 ; the general hospital, Place d'Jrmea, the cathedral, a Roman cathol^p and an English church, a seminary, two convents, goveniment l^ouset «^d a court of law. Ancbntly there were a num- ber of gates to the city, distinguished by several names, some of which yet remain, but the walls being aw^iy, the gates aro now onty known by name The front of the city stands on an eminence of fix)m 10 to I5*feet above the level of the river, whioh forms a natural and very excel- lent wharf, the seat of an extensive commerce ; and the environs are composed of four streets, vi2. Quebec, St. Lawrence, Recolet, and St. Antoine. The city and suburbs contain about 1 2,000 inhabitants ; and the city is in such a state of improvement that it pi'omises to be- come one of the most important places on the western continent. Montreal island is 30 miles long, and its greatest breadth between 7 and 8 ; its circumference being about 70 miles. The land rises gradually from the river, and, at the distance of two miles and a half from the city, forms a mountain, about 700 feet high, from the top of which there is a fine view. JPP^: -i; * Sec Melish's map ofthe seat of w.'U*. n Vf ■^■;,.'; •«« j^***** ■% "i^fii^m»ttutntm iirtr ■/> 98 ! vi^ i? -A.> I'he island is divided into nine parishes, and is the wat of very ex- tensive population. The principal settlements, besides Montreal, are ia CMfiCy so called from a project formed to penetrate across the continent to China from this place j St. Joseph, le Saut, St. (jaurent, St. Oenevive, and St. Ann. > ' '■' ■■•,;•; .-vl- .rVt^u.i^ ^' •:,■>•" The itle qf Jeautr lies to the north-west of Montreal, from which it is divided by the river dea Prairies; so called from being bordered on each side by meadows. This island is about 15 miles long, and S broad, and contains several cettlementst and to the westward are two smaller islands, named Biaarty and Perrot. To the north of the isle of Jesus is the river St John, a branch of theOutawas, or Grand River, a considerable stream, which towards the west is interspersed with such a vast variety of islands, that there appears as much land as water. To the west of this are the Tvro Mountainty and to the south qf them the Outawas River extends itself into a large basin, called the lake of the Two Mountains, being about 8 or 9 miles long, and 4 or 5 broad ; and, being divided imo two channels by the isle Perrot, it forms a junction with the St. Lawrence in the lake St. Louis. Lake St. Louit is only an extension of the river St. Lawrence, about 4 miles broad, and stretches to la Chine, where it contraets to the breadth of little more than half a mile, and opposite to la Prairie there are considerable rapids; below which it spreads out into a stream from one to two miles wide, interspersed with a number of islands, among which the river runs with a strong current, and it is pretty deep. It is navigable with merchant vessels to Montreal, but it requires a strong east wind to bring them up, so that the passage is very tedious ; but the city, nevertheless, has great mercantile ad- vantages. It enjoys a much more favourable climate than Quebec, the winters being six weeks shorter. The soil around it is rich and fertile, and the markets are abundantly supplied; a considerable por- tion of the supplies, before the war, were furnished by the United States. V The mode of navigating the St. Lawrence and Outawas upwards, is interesting. The St. Lawrence is navigated by flat-bottomed boats, about forty-nine feet long, and six across, at the broadest part. They generally carry about 9000 lbs. and are conducted by four men and a A m^ «^Jf"*" ..,'.. t V 29 »,•> *W' fgaide. Each boatli supplied with a mast and stdl, a grappling iron^ with ropes, and setting poles. When loaded, they ta' *heir depar- ture from la Chine, generally eight or ten together, tuat the crews may aid each other; and the time of performing the voyage to Kingston and back is about ten or twelve days ; the distance being about 200 miles. From twenty to thirty of these boats are kept in the service vf the government, for transporting necessaries to the troops, stores for the engineer department, and firetentt qf Eurofitan mant{facture to the Indian tribes. The navigation of the Outawas, or Grand River, is performed in bark canoetf in a direct course to St. Joseph, on lake Huron, and thence to the new establishment called Kamanasti^ua, on lake Superior. / v. «. •i \ -■*i.fe ^- ■ r> .^^ #"'»'»' »it '.iti; 'i; >tit.' .\na q -i . f 1 • !}♦ I ii y . l' . 'II..: t »•; I "M J . ) »(, (,' 1 >: .! ••T ^ MfelWftf''^' .'»-, ■■*«ir-- •—r; %^: %*' ... %\ V^: BECBXT PUBLIC ATICWrs \^-] BX '-*'■>,*■ JOHN MELISE, > V No. S09, CuESNUT Street. ' ■*>** _. i 4 ■A > • .■' ,V " ■.■S''. . «?, ■'■'V. ;'". !■ - - . • [ '.T ' . •* • >*,■'* '■> '■ ^ §■ • '' . ;.;..) • ■■ .-?.. •. .ft ■',:' . > .' ■•>*,. '<■ '.*■■■ " , "i ■' f 't- ''- ' / •*^ V;". ■^ ' If ■ 1 • *:}■ : >1 ; ' 'V, ife k'iT' .^^J. Travels in the United States, Canada, Sec. 8 maps, boards, 2 5 Map of the Scat of War in North America,, second edition, improved ' < Map of the Southern Section of the United States, includ- ■ ing Florida, 8cc. - t N. B. These two r aps exhibit a complete view pf the United States, including Canada' and Florida ,7'^^'^ *' ' •^ Description of the Seat of War, with Maps of the countrjr round Fort George, Buffalo, round Kingston and Sackfct's Harbour, and round Montreal ; with a plan of : that city . * S0| ■ Description of Florida, with an Historical View of the Transactions relative to taking possession of that \0^^:- country 13| ;s^^!^- Map.of the American Coast from Norfolk to Newport; ■- y ,. - including charts of Delaware and Chesapeak b^ys, of VJ^V^®^ York harbour, aivi Long Island Sound • ' ";^ 1 *;'^^|i«ap of the State of Ohio ; v 50 .' l^ortable Map of the United' States, with the roads and : .r-j^ distances 1 35 ; /fitatistical Account of the United States, with Topographi- "j cal Tables of the Counties, Population, 8cc. 25 , , ; Map and Statistical Table, handsomely bound for the * [.J pocket' ■'■ .' ■■■■'■. ■!''''''■',."■•" 'j-., .■• ' f . Map of Detroit River, exhibiting the Seat of operations of the North-Western Army • - 1 . . . Map of Quebec and adjacent country ' ' :'%•.-' J >' ' * ■ . ItT* An elegant folio Juvenile Atlas, exhibiting a general view of all countries in the World, with appropriate ' . descriptions, and a series of Statistical Tables, is in preparation, and will be speedily published— price 5 JVovember 1, 1813.. r SIGN BOOK CARD AND LKAVK AT CHAROINa DK8K IF BOOK IS TO ■■ U«KD OUT OF THK LIBRAIIY BUIUDIN«I .relativfi of the ' 16;54Q4