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GULF OF MEXICO AND THE PACIFIC,' , , , (VIA THE RAILROADS, LAKES, RIVERS, CANALS, ETC.,/ WITH HltTOBICAI, N0TK8, STATISTICAL TABUS, AND A VAST AMOVNT •« OF OKNERAL INFORMATION, ,, , (with numerous illustrations.) 10 WHIOB IB ADDED, A KIW AlfD COMPLFTl RAIL ROAD AND ROUTE BOOK.,,, f OUIttAliniCO THJ FBWOIPAL RAIUOAD, •TIAMBOAT, ANB ITASI BOUHS tH TO W1»I AMD lODTH, TBI lOUTU TO ORISON, WITH IHEIK BUriOUTa BUTAKOIl, no. eje tDtoIe jerouflfit Bolon to tje present e^nrt.t^"'" CINCINNATI: V"«^}iV' • ' PUBLISHED BY J. A. k U. P. JAMBS, - NO. 1(17 WALNUT STBXKT. 1863. jolJHteSs,. "■ *s^. A 0. JAMIB, 8TBRI0ITVIB, ir Wilnul Bt-. ClncinoiU. *».>* ^*'>**^fe»«a»'^**^** ;jM jfliJ¥f'^-'--' ....ilBfc^fcfcfcMa. ^ f^ t^.n,~n. S^-f prfM, In the year 185». JAMES, t of thB United States, for the ihlo. •J*^ '■a.,jHi (4 4 PREFACE, iJiSfiSaK^on The design of this work is to take a wider range than a mere Guide Book, indicating routes and distances only. Its object is, while affording all the necessary information upon these points, at the same time to indicate what there may be, of a novel or interesting character, to be found at any of the places or locations along the principal thoroughfares, likely to please or attract the traveler, thus becoming in reality a pleasing, as well as instruct- ive companion to the tourist. This work was first issued in 1851, since which the entire West and South have advanced with rapid strides in the march of im- provement. Their vast resources have begun to be developed ; liundreds of miles of road are now traversed by the Iron Hortt, and thriving towns are to be found where, five years since, the country was a wilderness. This increase in the facility of trans- portation has proportionately increased the amount of travel, and has made a new edition of this work necessary, to keep up with the times; it has c6nsequently been thoroughly revised and cor- rected, and a large amount of railway information added, making it one of the most reliable Guide Books ever issued. For convenience of reference it has been divided into two parts. The second part, called the Railroad and Route Book, contain- ing the Routes, Distances, Fakes, &c., &c., on all the Raaroads, Steamboats, &c., throughout tLr West and South. When route* and distances from place to place are sought, the second part of the work should be consulted. Cincinnati, December, 1852. . i j Mfeaii! » gM i' -«'i»W T « PANI Uooi worl ^»-» ->!. 4f ' •" ,.-, ,u-<.5.»:' . . 'iM ,4'^ce' Abci Akn AP- Alei Aid Alle Alto Alto Amc Amr Arki Arrc AshI Ashi Aiipi Atbi Aug Aug Aur Bail' Hail Bald Batt Bate Batt Bay( Bayi Bav< B«ai Beai Bea' Belt Bel! B«ll ^ X'afta^*^- ' ■-'-^- -m'*^> * Ai.M.i«w it »8 'i ' i »' "'-^**-** . ■ » ».. -.i i^S f r * INDEX TO TRAVELERS' COMPANION, AND RAIL ROAD AND ROUTE BOOK. Vg'thejlnt rolunm of flgurps refers to the paqe of ihe Travileb's Com- panion. Tbu Mcond culumn referH to th« bout£ Id the Kailroao kin> Roun UooK. For a more extended Index of Plans, Bee Route Book at the end of thia work. Aberdeen, 0. Akroi, O. AP- ly. III. Alexiindira, Ky. Alexandriii, I*. AlleghKiiy City, P». Alton, 111. Alton, la. America, 111. Amsterdam, la. ■ • • . Arkansas Host, Ark- Arrow Kook, Mo. • • . Ashland, Ky. Ashport. Tenn. Afipiuwall, N. a. • ■ ■ Athens, 0. Augusta, Ky Augusta, III. Aurora, la. Bailey's Landing, Mo.- ■ • Hainbridge, Mo. . " BaldwinsTille, Mo. BateSTille, la Baton Rouge, La. Battle Ground, La. Bayou Hierre, Miss Bayou La Fourche, La. ■ Bayou Sara, La. Beardstowu, III. Bearfield Landing, Miss. Bearer, Pa. Belgrade, IH. BelleTtew, K7 BelleTue, Iowa Am. Roe'e. ..UU 64 .1U9 • 17 .118 . 42 . 70 . U 140 .167 ■ 140 . 36 .186 .131 . 32 . 62 . 90 .106 .168 ■12s • 23 • 29 . 30 •143 . 45 69 • 62 60 ■ 89 69 ■ 46 . 43 69 ■ 168 . 31 . 76 .161 .126 • 17 64 129 66 65 66 63 62 165 64 61 64 67 67 67 66 BellcTiio, Mo. ■ ■ llelleTiuc, Va. Relinont, Ky. Belpre.O. Bethany, Va. Bethlehem, la. Big Bone Lick Creek, Ky. Big Crave Creek Birmingham, Pa. Birmingham, Miss. Bla<:k Koi k, N. Y. Itlannerhafuwts Island,... Bloody Ifiaud, Mo. Bolivar, Miss. Bon Harbor, Ky. Bonnetce Carre, Ch., La. ■ Boonesbom, Ky. Booneviile, Mo. Bre-tdock's Field, Pa. • .• • Brandenburg, Ky. • • Bridgeport, lU. ^Bridgeport, 0. Bridgewater, III Brownsville, Pa. Brunswick, Mo. Buffalo, N.y. Burlington, Iowa Burlington, 0. Cahokia, ni. • • • Cairo, III Caledonia, III... CalUbmta, O.-.. Camanche, Ho.- Camden, Ho.- ■■ FMC. Roata. . -ICO 66 00 .106 . 88 ■ 79 ■135 •127 83 ■188 . 88 ■ 26 . 36 .144 • 46 •131 ■166 • «T .140 .171 ■ 83 . 27 .. «6 • 164 •184 ■ 20 . 86 64 64 64 64 66 66 64 64 69 64 57 69 66 69 62 «5 61 64 68 62 72 6.' ■;<■ 26 b!< 29 5!> ■ 167 •106 66 04 i' i 21 61 164 03 ;«i^.f*lSl.i^«»SiS»*«ri«*<«» K '\f H u tif iv\ VI INDKX. I'lfp. Route. Ciimi'l'cUBvUIi), I.«. lij Catmi'lUtn, la l-*- Ciipi" (liranli'ttu, Mo. 'J'' CiirnnJi-lct, Mo j-T Carrulltoii, Ky. lUS CarrollUiii, La ^0 ('anliaKc, La. 38 L'uspvvilli', Ky. IM Ca*«vill.-,Wi». 15 Catlctlnliuri?, Ky >•* Cuvi-iu-Uork, 111. Contorvilli', Va. OlinKiin, N.(J. CharlcKt™, Ky. Charlcetoii LauJing, la. CllBKtlT, 111. Chieat?t>i III. L'liii-kadaw Dluffs, Mis*. ■ Clilllloothe, O. CliiUicotlie, 111. Chilo, O Cliippowa, C. W.-.-- Cl.Vl'lNS.\TI, O. CircleTillo, OlaiiiiKtuii, Clnrkulnirish, Va.--- OlarkBOii, 111 ClarksvUlc, Mo. Cleveland, O. Clovnrpott, Ky. . ••• Coal Port, 0. Coliurc, C. W. ■ Columbia Ark Columlilii, O. Columbia, .Mo. Colmnbud, Ky. Columbua, 0. Commerce, Mo. • • • • Commerce, Mius. • * • Conconl, Ky Courorditt, Ky. CosboctOD, O. Council BlulTs, Mo. CouDOll I'oint, Mo.. CoTlDgton, Ky..-' • Cumberland, Mil.-- DanTillc, Ky. UuTcnport, Iowa Dayton, 0. Defiance, 0. ' Delta, Ml»l Den Plaluos. 111. Detroit, Jlich. Devil'a Date Oven, Mo- Peril's Tea Table, Mo- ■ «a 84 (>2 104 lUl 28 171 iVi ' 98 .16tf .105 . .1H8 ..109 . . 09 ■ ■ 84 . (U • ■ITO ■ 23 ..181 -.141 .. oa ..192 .. 30 ..106 .■166 .. 30 ..100 .. 20 .. 33 .-103 .141 . . 86 .-159 ..160 ..118 .. 74 69 (l.i M 6S 6.') !tV 60 i,h 67 (U 6u 64 6li &t 06 58 124 ^9 Bl 64 DoniililKonTiUe, Im. DoTi-r, Ky Dn-Mleii, 111 Diitiui|iie, Iowa Dunkirk, N. V Economy, Pa. KlIzalM-thtnwn, HI. Eliialji'thtowu, Pa, ElizttUtlitown, Va, Kills' Cliirs, MlK8, Kngliah Turn, I Kri(S Pa, Kiwulni>ia, SiiriiigK, Ky. Kntir|iri»i' Evanaville, la. Knlrchilil's Crock, MIm. Kainnont, Va. Kttirport, 0. Fairview, I.B. Kullaof St. Anthony. . 30 . 64 ■ 183 . 41 .10 Florence, Ala. 158 Fort Bowycr, l^a. 69 " Clinton, O. 179 " CliartreB, 111. 27 " Crawford 15 '< Erie 186 " Gaines 10 " UarriHOu, la. 161 " Henry, Pa. 82 " Leaven worth. Mo. 161 - .20 .182 . U . 67 - 67 . 18 .129 " Mudison, Iowa - ** Niagara " Pnelliug ' " 8t. Leon, La. ■ . << Bt. Philip, La." Frankford, Iowa Frankfort, Ky. 66 ! Franklin, Pa, ■ 139 ■ 18 .123 124 ■ »4 •171 ■ 178 ■ 28 29 66 bi 62 64 79 133 67 94 69 61 124 68 68 Franklin, .Mo. - • ■ Freedom, Pa. Fri'donia, !».•-■• Freeport, Pa. Fremont. O... - Fulton, 0. Fulton, Tenn.-.^ Fulton City, 111.- Oalena, 111. Oallipolis, Oalvestoii, Texas,- Georgetovn, Pa.- . Ohont, Ky. Gla8gow,0. Glasgow, Mo, .168 • 76 ■ 140 • 70 .180 109 . 32 . IT . 16 . 93 . 60 . 77 .128 • • 77 •Its 69 67 60 98 67 67 62 67 57 «0 60 67 68 64 62 64 es 64 84 69 67 28 64 61 64 06 84 82 H.nmhi Hnniill Haniill Hanipt Hangii Uannii Hanuv Ilarme Har|i«i Hnrris llarroi Havau Ha\vi;K Hibroi llclcuf Hende Ilenne Henry IIer<'Ul Hermu Hil^rii Hickm HiK'iiin Hillau Home HorHes Ibervil Illinoii Illinoii Indepe Indi-pc Indian ludufit Iowa r Itasca Jarkso JacKso JamesI JefTent JefTerR Jcffers ^iH, i p i^ ^ **«>fti *- ii a«!JMii t iMn ," ,ni < lf Hge, Rwt*^. ilTOiiTillo, La. W W , Kv. 104 t>4 '■../111 no 01 iiie, lows 10 67 irk, N. y. m 81 roy,r». 76 64 M'thtown, 111. 154 65 ;ithtowu, I'a. 83 64 Hthtowii, Va. 75 64 OlilTs, Mi«a 41 69 nil Turn, La. 67 «0 I>i, 183 83 iipia, Si.riiiKi., Ky. 103 lirixi-, la. 144 85 irillc, la. 148 65 liild's Crock, MIm 39 lont, Va. 64 ort.O. 183 i«iv, La. 41 69 of St. Anthony 10 57 nee, Ala. 158 69 Bowycr, La. 59 Clinton, O. 179 Clmrtrt'B, 111. 27 58 CrawfoiU 15 57 Krie 188 Oalnes 10 67 llarriHOu, la. 151 Henry, I'a. 82 Lcavunworth, Mo. 161 62 MuUiflon, Iowa 20 67 Niagara 192 Snelliug 11 67 St. Leon, La. 67 60 St. I'liilip, La. 67 60 kford, Iowa 16 57 kfort,Ky. 129 68 klin, Fa. 69 64 kiln, .Mo. 165 62 lom, Va. 76 64 onia, la. 140 65 port. Pa. 70 64 jout.0. 190 on,0. 109 64 ou, Teun. 32 69 on City.IU 17 67 nB,lll. 16 28 ipoli8,0 83 64 estoH, Texas, 60 51 vutov n, I'a. 77 64 irt,Ky. 128 65 g<;w,0. 77 64 gow.Mo. .....166 ea INDKX. Til Hf- Route. Oolrnmla, III 1&4 "'l llraliHin'ii Station, 01 •*+ (Jraml IllulT, .MUn. 39 5j (inu)cl Haven, Mich. 173 (Iranil Lake Landing 36 fiO (Iraiid Tower, Mo 28 fi- Oreensburg, Pa 06 1'^ Oreeinburn, Ky. 95 «4 OreonTlUe Mim. 30 59 Orlgi!«Tille, 111. 168 HI Griawold, .Mo. 1«7 62 Guyandottc, V». 83 64 Hamburg, 111 23 57 llnniilton, 122 »4 Hamilton, Ky 127 05 Hampton, 111. 18 M Hanging Uock, O. 95 64 Hannibal Mo. 23 57 Ilanorur, la. 135 66 llarniar, 0. 85 84 Ilariwr's Ferry, Va. 74 7B Harrison, Mo. 27 57 liarrod«burg Springs, Ky. .-139 llavanna, VV. I. «» llaweKville, Ky 142 63 Helirou, 0. 99 Helena Ark 83 60 Henderson, Ky. 149 65 Hennepin, 111. 169 61 Henry, 111. 169 61 Ilenulaueum, Mo 27 57 Herman, Mo. 167 62 lllU'rnla, .Mo 166 62 Hickman,Ky 30 69 Higginsport, 105 64 HiUaman, III. 167 05 Home City, 126 66 Horseshoe Bend 34 59 Iberville, La 45 69 Illinois Town, 111 26 67 Illinois and Michigan Canal 170 Independence, Mo 163 62 Independence, Ky 120 Indianapolis, la 134 102 Industry, 125 65 IowaPoint.Mo 160 62 Itasca Lake 9 67 Jackson, Miss. 88 42 Jackson, La. 44 Jamestown, Ky. 109 65 Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 27 58 Jefferson City, Mo. 166 62 Jefferionrllle, I». 138 66 Ttrn. Route. .loUct.Ill. liO 121 KRpio.ia,Min 12 6T KiinKa", Ml) 162 62 Kat.knskla, 111 28 58 KeltliJtbiirg, 111 20 67 Kfoknk, Iowa 21 67 KiiigKlon, 0. W 193 KitUuiug, Pa 69 64 Laoon, Til 160 61 Lacro.««e, Wis 14 67 Lufiiyettc City, La 46 50 Lafayette, In 150 108 Lntfratige, Mo 23 61 Lake Providence, La 37 69 Lasnlle, 111 170 61 l.atonia Springs, Ky 120 Lavanna. O 104 64 LHwrcneelmrg, la 128 66 Lawrcnceville, I'a 70 64 l*avenwurth, la 140 6A Le Clare, Iowa 18 5T LeTartxriile.0 91 64 Lewisport, Ky 143 8t Lewiston, N. V. 191 l«wi8ton, -, 109 64 Lexington, Ky. 130 120 I^xington, .Mo 164 62 Liberty, .Mo 163 62 Little Platte Landing, Mo. " 161 62 Little Prairie, Mo 31 67 Liverpool, 77 64 Livingston, Mo 163 62 Loikland, 121 lockport, III 171 61 Louisiana, .Mo 23 57 Ix>uisville, Ky 138 66 Lower Sandusky, 180 84 Lyons, Iowa 17 ^ 67 LAKts. Lake Erie 177 " Huron 176 " Itasca " Michigan 172 " Ontario 192 " Pepin 13 " St. Clair ...»> 176 •' St. Croix 18 " Superior 172 Madison, la 138 103 Mackinac 174 1 Msokinac Strait 173 1 Munmoth Cava, Ky 146 20 mf■i^^tfiti^^^^ ,.-,';»JJ.:m< Mlililuan City, la 1T2 I'Jfl Mliliiliport, O---- Jlhlilli-town, I'a--. Mill Crwk, Mtllorsburg, la- . MlUernport, -• Mill!ki.'UKTlll>>, La Milton, Ky Hllwaukio, Wli- - Mobile, Ala Hollno, 111 • 103 .173 ■ 84 .|ntt • ^3 •170 • '0 • 100 • 140 • 143 • 103 . 33 • 1»« • 137 ■\n ■ 75 .l'i4 ■VS! • 03 • 37 ■ 135 • 173 • 68 19 Now London, la Ni'W Orlwans, I Ni>w I'hilvlelj'liia, .Nc«|.ort, (I Ni'wpnrl, Ky Ninv 111. liniond, O Ni'W Vork- O Ni'Villn, I) NinK^ira Kalln Noieway City, Mo Xoifnlk, Mini North Uenil, O Nortlnimpton, la Ohio City, Ohio City, Mo Ohio Cainil- Olil .li-fltiriion. Mo Olcuii. N. Y Oi|Uuwka, 111 Osceola, Ark Otiwi-^o, N. V Ottawa, 111 Qwi'naboro, Ky OwcnH Landing, Mo Oxford, Monroo, Mich 1T9 lifl Montvzunia, ill 168 61 MontKomury, Ala 48 47 Montgomery, Ark 34 69 WontroBC, Iowa ii" 5' Hounttiia Inland 14 6" Mount Vernon, la 149 66 Morrisi, III I'D 61 Moscow, O •. 105 64 Jlurrayiville, V» 9i 64 HuBcatine, Iowa 19 57 NapUii, 111 168 120 Napoleon, Ark. 38 60 NaU'hlt-ochoa, La 42 Nat«hei, MiM 39 Na«hrillc, Iowa 22 KaahTllle, Mo 166 NaahTllle. Teun NauTOO, 111 NBwburgh, la 144 New Albany, la 138 111 Newark, 99 92 New Boston, lU 19 67 New Buffalo, Mkh 173 120 New GeneTa, Pa 66 C4 Naw Harmony, la 162 NowMadrid.Mo 81 67 Naw MartlnaTiUe, Ta 84 64 69 67 62 •153 137 • 21 67 65 Paduonb, Ky- Pnlutine. Va. I'al>.iitinc, 0- Paiiuma, N.G Parkernburg, Va^ I'arkvllle, Mo Patriot, la^ Pekin, 111- Pensacoln, Florida' Peoriu, III- Peru, 111 PetemViurgli, Ky^ Peyton, MIsb Pii-kering, Tenn. Plnckucy, Mo- Plqua, O^ Pittsburgh. Pa- PlB(|nemine, La- Plum Point, Ark- Point Chicot, Ark- Point Coupee, La- Point Douglaiiii, Min- Point IsaU'l, la- Point Pleasant. Ark- Point Pleaaant, La- Point Pleasant, 105 Point Pleaaant, Va 93 Pomeroy.O 91 Port Adams, Min 41 Pife. Rout* nndon, Ts 134 86 rl«ans, l.a ♦" W hilwlflpliia, M rl,(> 8* M rl, Kv 117 64 l.liDHmil, O 106 M ork. O l!W » ., o 10& 64 n KbIIk 189 iiy City, Mo 160 M k, MiM 33 M U^iid.O 126 J» impton, la 1*0 66 Mty,0 H3 ily. Mo 29 67 »iml »0 ireriioii, Mo 166 Oa S. Y. 69 71 fkm III 20 67 II, Ark 32 69 o.N.V. 193 ,,111 170 61 Ixiro, Ky 144 65 1 Laiidiug, Mo 164 62 1, 122 lib, Ky 187 66 lie. Va 66 64 iiic, O 166 66 iia, N.O 62 156 r«bur((, Va 88 iUe, Mo 162 ea ,t,la 127 66 , 111 169 61 coin, Florida 60 1,111 169 61 111 109 61 .burgli, Ky 126 66 n, Mlsa S3 69 ring, Tumi S3 69 ucy, Mo 167 63 I, 124 mrgh.Pa 71 64 leniine. La 46 69 Point, Ark 82 69 Chicot, Ark 86 69 Coupee, La 44 69 , DouglBsii, Min 12 67 IsalH'l, la 144 65 , I'leaxaiit. Arte 83 69 . Pkasant, La 88 60 , Plttiwunt, 106 64 , Pleasant, Va 93 64 iroy.O 91 M Adams, MiH 41 60 INDEX. Port Byron, 111 ■ Fori. IludMn, La Portland, Mo IHirtland, Ky Port Mamnc, III portuniouth, Prairie du Chlen, Wis. • Prairie La PorU^ Iowa- Pri'«tiin, Ky Princeton, Ming proctorvilo, O. Providence, La. Providence, Mo. Qnconiiton, 0. W.' Quincy, HI. ' Pftf«. Rout*. . ■■ 18 67 . . 46 ...166 ..188 • •167 • •95 • •. 14 • •• 15 •••133 ... 36 ... 96 ... 37 •••166 Kaccourd Bend, La. • • • ■ KaMuh, Ky Uandolph, Tcnn. lUuodlph, Mo. Kavcnna, 111. Iliiveiuwood, Va. Hi-il Kock, Min. Red KlTer Landing, La.< ItidUleii Point, Mo. Biploy, 0. Klsing Sun, la. Kocklngham, Iowa. Kock Inland, 111. Kock IdandCity, III.-. Bockport, la. Bock»pring, Ky. Itockville, 0. Kodney, MIm. Kumc. 0. Home, la. BossvUIe, 0. S'Voal»,Ill. IT Sackette Harbor, y.Y. 193 St. Anthony's Palls. 10 Bt Charles, Mo. 187 St. Prancisvllle, La. 44 St. Genevieve, Mo. 28 St. Josephs Mich. 173 St. Josephi, Mo. 161 St. Joneph", La. 39 St. Louis, Mo. 25 St. Marys Straits. 174 St. Pauls, Min. H Sandusky City, O. 180 Bauk Bapids, 10 Bault do St. Marie. 175 Savannah, IIL 17 garerton, Mo. 28 •191 • 23 • 43 ■ 162 • 32 .166 • 1R8 . 91 . 12 ■ 43 . 81 104 .126 .. 19 . IS .. 19 • 143 ..105 • •102 . • 39 • •103 ■ 141 ..122 67 67 66 69 61 64 60 64 66 57 67 67 66 64 64 69 64 65 Selma, Mo. .sharpsburnh. Pa...- Shawncetown, 111. .• ShcBlcId, O. .Hliipplngnport, Ky.. • Shrcveport, La. Sibley, .Mo. .Slnaiwe, Sinking Creek, Ky.- Sistcrvllle, Va. Smitliland Ky. Sparta, La. Springficlil, Ky. • • • . Sprinitflcia, O. Springflcld, 111 Stelnervillc, O. StulKMiville, 0. Stephcnsport, Ky.^^ StillwaU-r, Min Stirling, Ark. Summit. III. 67 67 62 59 68 62 69 68 57 93 67 1 57 67 Union Town, Ky.. Utica,Ia UUca, IlL Vaneetmrg, Ky. • Vernon, la. VeraCrui, Vn.. Vevay, la. Vlcksburg, Miss.- Vletoria.Mlsg... Vldalla,La. Vienna, Va^^ • '^' .. 70 ..152 .. oa • 138 . 42 ..164 .. 1« ..141 .. 84 • 166 • . 3S -.102 .124 • •168 .. 84 .. 78 ..141 .. 12 .. 33 • 171 Talhula, MiJS. 87 Tcrre Haute, Is. 160 Thninos Point, La. 46 Thompsons Creek, La 44 Toledo, 0. 179 Toronto, C.W. 192 Traders Point, Mo. 160 Trinity, 111. 167 Troy, Athens CO., 0. 89 Troy, Miami co., 0. 128 Troy, la. 143 Tunica Bend. 43 TuBcumbia, Alib 158 .149 .138 •170 ...102 ...148 ..• 61 ...128 ... 88 ... 34 ... 41 88 VIncennes, la. 151 Virginia Springs. 94 Walcondn, Ma 164 Walnut llills, Mist. 38 Warren. Pa. 69 Worrenton, 0. - 79 Warrenton, Miss. M i ^-«vw ^.^«&wwKW!Sdftf. ft3rt**t*?p«rttt?* uc 66 65 64 66 57 64 88 120 64 64 65 67 59 61 60 144 60 50 84 6a 61 64 66 50 144 66 66 61 64 66 66 60 50 69 64 68 63 60 64 64 60 INDEX. 1 i] Fage. Rcu'e. W»r,aw,Ill. 21 57 War«»w, Ky. '27 M Wiisliiiigton, Mo. I'H 0^ Wanhington, Wis. 173 Wfltorloo, I.a. 44 59 Waterloo, C. W. 188 Wayno City, Mo. 102 fi2 Wellington, Mo. W W Welldburgh, Va. < 8 64 WellSTiUe, 0. " 64 West Baton Rouge, I-a. 45 6« West Franklin, la. 149 66 WeBtoDjMo. 161 02 Fue. Routa West Point, Ky. 140 65 Wc.ftport, Mo. 23 67 Westport. Ky. 13» 65 Wheelersburgh, 0. B5 64 Wbcflling,Va. T9 64 Wilkinsontille, 111. IM JI Worthington Landing, Miss. 88 69 Yaioo City, Miss. 34 Youngstown, C. W. 1»2 ZanesTUle.O. 86 100 U I V K R S . Ht^ Route. I .. m «4| Alleghany, Pa Anderson, In Arkitnflns, Bad Axe, Wis Bearer, Pa Big Black, Mias Big Sandy, Ky Blue, la Blue, Little, la Chalton.Mo Chleanijuo, Iowa Chippewa, Wis Cumberland, Tenn • • • Dfs Moines, Miu Detroit, Miih ••■ Fever, 111 Qeseonade, Mo Grand, Mo Great Kanawha, Ky- Great Miami, O 125 Green,Ky.. 1*4 Guyanilotte, Va 9J Hatchee,Tenn 38 Hockhoeking, 90 Hoknh, mn 14 Homochitto, Miss 41 Illinois lOT Iowa 10 Kanss.0, Ind. Territory 163 Kentucky 129 La Mine, Mo 165 Licking, Ky "8. Uttle Kanawha, Va 88 Little Sundy, Ky 95 Little Miami, O 106 UttlB Platte, low* 188 .14.3 . 35 . 14 ■ 76 . 38 . 95 .140 • 140 .105 .. 20 . 13 .154 .. 22 ..176 . 16 ..167 ..154 92 66 63 67 Ttp, RoDto. •• 17 .. 14 • . 87 28 JIakoqueta, Iowa Manixka, .Min. ■. .Miiramec, Mo. . ■ Mary's, III Missouri 168 63 Jlonnngaliela, Pa 64 Muddy, 111 29 Muskingum, 86 Niagara. - 186 Obion, Tenn 81 Ohio 89 64 Osage, Mo 166 Platte, Mo 160 Uaccoon, Wis 14 Red, Ark 41 Kock. Wis 19 Hum, Wis 10 Salt RiTer, Mo 83 Salt River, Ky 139 Sappah, Wis 14 St. Clair, Mich 175 St.Croix, Wis la- st. Francis, Wis 83 Scioto, 100 61 Shade, O Swan, Min Tennessee Upper Iowa, Mia... Vermillion, Min. . . . Wabash, Ind Wapsiplnicon, Iowa- Wazi'Ozu, Mia White, .Mo Wisconsin Yazoo, Miss 91 10 150 14 13 149 17 14 85 . 16 . 84 eg .j*,-#n.i!i."MF*A FI I ami Frei in 1 cpo con of I mal of I and niei S All scq me an( He lal< yei nic thi tw< th( an itu Fr fix be Fan. Routs oint, Ky. HO 65 rt.Mo. 23 6T pt, Ky. 136 65 rsburgh, 0. Bft M „g,V«. ■ 79 64 .niiTille, 111. 157 61 Dgton Landiug, Miss. 88 69 City, Miss. 34 itown,C. W. IM llle,0. 86 100 Fa(a. BoDta. iieta, Iowa 17 a, Min 14 ec, Mo 37 , III 28 r! 158 62 gahela. Pa 64 ,111 /. 29 igum, 86 ft- 186 Tenn. 81 89 64 Mo IfiO Mo 160 ,11, Wis 14 rk 41 Wis 19 Wis 10 liTer, Mo 83 Ivor, Ky 139 li. Wis 14 lir, Miih 175 ix, Wis 12- incls, Wis 83 , 100 , 81 Miu 10 ssen 156 69 Iowa, Min 14 lUion, MIq 18 8h, Ind 149 68 iptnicon, Iowa 17 Ozu, Miu 14 >,Mo 85 nsin 16 I, Mlsa 84 FROiM THE eomCE OF THE MISigI88IPPI RIVER TO THE GULF OF MEXICO. Itascn liaRe« — This is tho actunl source of the longest ntul main fork of tho Mississippi, rlic Lac la Uiche of the Freiicii. This beautiful lako, whicli is some i^ve or seven miles in length, reposes amid't liills of marine sand, of the drift epoch, and consists of pure springs of water, gushing out in copious rills, within a visil le basin. The Indiiin (name) term of Lot-osh-ca, and denoting a characteristic property of the fe- male breast, imparts a vivid idea in which these innmt sources of tho father of rivers gush from tlioir sandy elevation. Many suppose tlie word "Itasca" to be derived from the last and first syllables of the two Latin words, Veritas caput, whicli means, the true head. Schoolcraft, accompanied by the late Dr. Houghton and Col. Allen (then Lieut. Allen), of tlie army, two gentlemen who sub- sequently distinguished themselves in their several depart- ments, and by Mr. Bentwell, a clergyman from New Hampshire, and Mr. ,Tuhn Stone, of Michigan, with Ozawindib, or Yellow Head, a Chippewa chief, as the principal guide, reached Itasca lake on the i;tth of Julj , 18;i2, being just three huudiifd and five years after the 8pa)>ish had first, incidentally, descried its mouth. Its distance from the Gulf of Mexico, ho estimated at three thousand one liundred and sixty miles. The entire alti- tude of the lake, as determined by Mr. Nicollet, in IS.'Hi, is one thousand five hundred and seventy-five feet, which is one hundred and five feet below the summit of its environing hills; and its lat- itude, at Schoolcraft's island, the only island in it, is 47° 13' 35". From this time, the source of the Slississippi has remained a fixed fact iu our geography. The face of the country about its head, presents a very similar appearance to that at its estuary. ■ »->----'(»fiW-*.i''. . I»>*iailk Rapids, county-siat of Benton county, twenty- eight miles south from Swan' river, and seventy-six miles north from St. Paul. The village is situated on the east side of the Mississippi, ill tlie center of a very fine fanning country. It is now the head of .steam navigation on the Mississippi river. Kuill River (Indian name, Iskode Waboy) rises to the north of the Mississippi, in Mille Lacs, and after a course of about cightv miles, falls into the Mississippi, twenty-eight miles north of St." Paul. At the mouth of this river, a ferry has been commenced, and^fi settlement made, which will soon become a place of considerable importance. Falls of St. Antiiony (c&lled by the Chippewas, Kaka- bikah, or Severed Rock, and by the Sioux, Rara, rrotn irara, to laugh) twenty miles south of Rum River, and nine miles north- west of St.^Paul, and furnishes many objects of curiosity. These falls are sixteen and a half feet perpendicular, and about thirty rods in width, divided bv a conical island, leaving about two-thirds on the west side. The entire fall of the river, in a di?.tance of a few miles, is about 100 feet, affording ample valcr power for miurjfiicluriiig purposes. St. AuUiOliy's Fails.— The town of St. Anthony is beautifully situated on the side and summit of a hill, rising up from a precipice, from which a fine view of the falls and sur- rounding country can be obtained. It ii tlie seat of the Uui- vers land ston eleg Ne\» of p gem also nevi the Th of U as ft) ■iaill 1 and on of] 8oti Snt tioi daj lux in I fert 30C i the Bip ■wr no' thf nif en ho isl iss rel It I'PI HIVKH. lated six miles south of ane hundred and twenty- immenced in 1848. The ot exceed 150. [■ighteeu miles south of four nortli of St. Paul ist side of the Mississip. It contains 2 tradin, 38, with a population of B?nton county, twenty- i seventy-six miles north d on tlie east side of the e fanning country. It is the Mississippi river. :ode Waboy) rises to the c», and after a course of isippi, twenty-eight miles lis river, a ferry has been hich will soon become a by the Chippewas, Kaka- ioux, Rara, rrom irara, to rer, and nine miles north- objects of curiosity. ' feet perpendicular, and r a conical island, leaving he entire fall of the river, 100 feet, affording ample ses. town of St. Anthony is ummit of a hill, rising up riew of the falls and sur- It i» Uie seat of the Uui- ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 11 varsity of Minnesota, recently endowed by a liberal donation of lands by the General Government. Tliere are a number of stores, Printing office, 2 hotels, saw-inill. grist-mill, and many elegant private residences. Population about 1200, mostly from New England. The land in the vicinity of the falia, consists of prairie, interspersed with openings of various extent, and is geilerally admirably adapted to agricultural purposes. It is also well watered by numerous small lakes and streams, whose never-failing springs add much to the strength and fertility of the soil. Tliese lakes and streams are well stocked with fish. The falls of St. Anthony were nnmed hy Father Hennepin, a companion of the i-uterprising 51. Do la Salle, who, in 1680, ascende is- cousin and flows southward till it reaches the Mississippi in 44" north latitude. It is navigable for steamboats about sixty miles. Large quantities of pine lumber are annually brought down the river and shipped to St. Louis. At the falls, the head of navigation, LUero is a fine town springing up. Point DoufjTlaS, Washington county, post town, thirty miles south of Stillwater, and thirty-four miles south-east of St. Paul. Tliis village is situated on the point of land tomied by the junction of the St. Croix with tlie Mississippi river. It contains I hotel, 1 public-house, '.i stores, 20 very neatly finished buildings, with a population of 100. It has an excellent landing, and will soon be a place of con- siderable importance. L.IKE ST. CROIX.— Thl« liiko receives the waters of the St. Croix nver and its tributaries. The river and lake form most of the boundary line be- twuon 5Iinnc80t» nnd Wipconsin. There is a bar in this lalio called Cat-fish Bar, which extmids about two miles into the lake. The Indians regard this bar and lake with dread; they would rather carry their canoes than paddin them acrofls the lake. STILLWATER, county-seat of Washington county, Mhinosota, eighteen milea north-east of St. Paul, Is situated on the west side of Lake St. Croii, i/^ ^ M 9W^ ' rv . iii'Pi surpiissc'd fertility. lian villnfje nnd niissiona- IcJisantly situated i>ii the IfS \w\o\v St. I'aul. TI10 e iiii.ssioiiarie.s, and about M till' bluff iu the rear of ouikI. iftoeii luiloH so\ith of St. ;t' rook, wliicli the Indians ir Spirit-rock, lied Rock ssionarics, in 1837, under vd Brunson. An Indian diture of thirty thousand issioii failed, acconiplish- jtcd to the growth of corn. dini;« ; population, 80. ?s in Minnesota and flows with the St. Peter's river, short distance above the orth-western part of AVis- ■eachcs the Mississippi in for steamboats about sixty iber are annually brought iiis. At the falls, the head ringing up. county, post town, thirty ■-four miles south-east of the point of land formed tlie Slississippi river. It res, 20 very neatly finished •ill soon be a place of con- lio waters of tho St. Croix nrer I most of tho boundary line be- , bar in tbia lake called Cat-fiali lake. The Indiana regard this carry their cunoea than paddlA on county, Minnesota, eighteen the west side of Lake St. Croix, ROUTE OF THK MISSISSIPPI BIVKR. 13 near its head, and thirty miles from its mouth. It contains a court-house, land office, peniti-iitinry, saw-mill, and other inachinpry i.ropoiled by water power, 3 hotels, several stores nnd forwarding houses, anil many elegant pri- vate dwellings. It is also well suprlicd with schools ond churches. I'opulap tion, 800. Tho surrounding country is divorsifled with tlmlier and prairie, with a rich soil, watered by a number of small lakes and streams, abundantly supplied with flsh, and will soon beconi'! thickly settled with a prosperous agricultural community. Stiuwater commands the larger portion of the lumlier trade of tho pint- ritt on the upper waters of the St. Croix, and is the principal head of steam navigation, though small boats can get up to St. Croix Falls, twenty milea above. It is destined to become a place of importance. 'Willow Blver, county-seat of St. Croix county, Wis- consin — on the east side of Lake St. Cioi.Y, seven miles below Stillwater, near the mouth of the river of the same name — has considerable water power, and contains a court-house, land of- fice, seven stores, and a number of well-built private residences. Lake Pcpln, about forty miles below the mouth of the St. Croix river, and eighty-eight miles below the Falls, is formed by an expansion of the Mississippi. It is about twenty-five miles Ion", and four wide ; the water is clea^, and the current very gentfe. On the eastern side of the lake, is the celebrated Maiden's Rock, which rises perpendicularly five hundred feet. Near tlie head of the lake, on the east side, is the mouth of Rush river, whicli empties into the lake ; and, on the opposite side, is the Cannon river. Tiie shores of this lake abound With earnelian and other valuable stones. Chippewa River rises in the northern part of Wiscon- sin, near the head waters of the Montreal, and flows in a south- westerly direction. After a course of near three hundred miles, it joins the Mississippi near the termination of Lake Pepin. Its principal branches are the Clear-Water and Red Cedar rivers. It is navigable for steamboats seventy miles. The shores abound ■with pine forests. There is a very important trading post at the mouth of this river, in Wisconsin, which may one day be- come a large town. The mouth of this river is the southern boundary of that tract of land known as Carver's Tract. It lies principally in Crawford county, and con- tains an area of more than eight millions of acres. Captain Carver held tbif laud by a deed obtained from tho Indians, May 1st, 1767. It commencei at Um Falls of St. Antbony and fbllowi the MiMiuippi to tha mouth of th* 14 ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. Chlpppwa J thi-nce ea«t, about one hundred milca ; thencn north, one hundred tad twenty milfs; iinil thonm, In n iliroot lino, to thu Kalln. The ilintUtippi Land Chmpany, of Now York, oMainrd, In 1824. a rnognlied de«d before Judge Van Ne»n, of the U. S. District Court, New York. liVazi Oju nnd inani$ika Rivers rise in the south- enstern part of MiniiL-sota, iiiul flow north-east and empty into the Mississippi. The waters of the two rivers are united by a sniiiU creek, JMst lipfore they enter the Mississippi. ]?IOUntain Islsind'is a high Rocky Isi.iml, and one of the nio.st remarkable places on the upper Mississippi. Its alti- tude has been variously estimated at from three to hve hundred feet, and from a distance has the appearance of rising from the middle of the river. It is a conspicuous and noted landmark. Snpiiah, or Black Itivcr rises near the center of Wisconsin and fljws south-west. Before entering the Missis- sippi, it separates into two branches, forming a delta of some extent. It is navigable for steamboats sixty miles. lia Crosse, Crawford county, W'iscon.sin, is located upon a beautiful prairie of the same name, at the mouth of Black river, and contains a land ofhce, .several stores, and commands a considerable portion of the lumber trade of Black river. It ■will eventually h»come an important place. Hoka, or Root River, enters the Mississippi from Minnesota, five miles below the mouth of the La Crosse. Raccoon River, a small stream, flows into tha Missis- sippi from Wisconsin, nearly opposite Root river. Bad Axe River rises in Wisconsin and flows in n west- erly direction, till it joins the Mississippi two hundred and eleven miles below the falls of St. Anthony. Upper Iowa River rises in Minnesota and flows south- east, then north-east, through the north-eastern part of Iowa, and enters the Mississippi two hundred and ten miles below the Falls. Prairie dU Cllien, Crawford county, Wisconsin, is nne hundred and twenty-five miles west of ifadison, three miles above the mouth of the Wisconsin river, and about two hun- dred and sevcnty-fivo miles below the Falls. It is situated on the borders of an extensive prairie, and occupies the site of au old Indian village, from whose chief, called by the French,Chien, it derives its name. The town contains a'court-house, a fine academy, and several churches. There are excellent hunting- grounds in the vicinity of this place. The watnr courses and marshes are covered with wild rice, which the Indians gather for rem cxii ers liav thn I on t nea this find 1 boi' cuu con wes and the con pas Tl mUl: to 0| twe< and the ] cou it c the con 6er lior 4 the It\ Yoi pur mil 1 hui cou [S8IPPI RIVER. miles ; thcnwi north, one hundred line, to the Kb11«. The ilistiiiippi In 18U4. a rnognlied dc«d before t, New York. BiVCl'fS rise in the south- i\' iiortli-east and empty into e two rivers are iinitea by a [.lie Mississippi. ;h Rocky Isl.iiul, and one of upper Mississippi. Its alti- it from three to hve hundred ppearance of rising from the ruous and noted landmark. ?r rises near the center of Before entering the Missis- es, forming a delta of some aats sixty miles. Wisconsin, is located npon me, at the mouth of Black veral stores, and commands er trade of Black river. It it place. enters the Mississippi from ut)i of the La Crosse, ream, flows into the Missis- site Root river, sconsin and flows in awest- ssissippi two hundred and Anthony. 1 Minnesota and flows south- north-eastern part of Iowa, ndred and ten miles below rd county, Wisconsin, is one jst of ifadison, three miles 1 river, and about two hun- the Falls. It is situated on , and occupies the site of au ", called by tlie French.Chien, ontaius a court-house, a fine riiere are excellent hunting- ce. The watnr courses and s, which the Indians gather SOUTK OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 15 for food. Numerous mounds are scattered over the land— the remains of a jieople whose history is unknown to us, and whose existence might have been doubti'il, Iiad tliey not, like tlie build- ers of tlie pyramids, left these uamiHtaknl>ie evitl on n liayou a «hort dijiUnco If iiciKblorhood. To these the uly approach Uw town daring in, is a small to^n a few on thfl »outh lUe of the Little uuction with the Mlasiasippl. ra, is on tho west batik of fifty-five miles below the niiig prairie, in one of the it contains a land oflBce, 6 oourt-honse, a number of ions. The buildings are taste. The branch of the rough Galena, will terraiit- le from Dubuque, its earli- itf a short distance below li, is an object of great in- ih stream, empties into the oi-n miles below Dubuque, lalena, during most of the 1 of this stream, boats have rn. It is sometimes neces- k to get room to turn. The I Cairo, via Lasalle, to Du- i river. I Bituatcd on FcTor rlTsr, aeyen ; ciMiter of a rich lead dUtrlct, ex- om the Wisconiln to the Ticinity lena, a liiud of lead ore found in ting was first commenced; ilnco 00 of pounds amelted in ousyeor. 1 thiokucts from a few inchei to ) lead. A railroad is nearly com- banco j>f one hundred and eighty EOtJTI or THE MISSTSSim ritxr. n mile*. The main liu« of the icrent Illiunia Central Railmad paaaes here aM ronnorta with the brunrh tine from rhirn);;o to Cuiro, It Is hIso in telegraphle rommunication with St. Louis, and with the Cniit along the northern frontier. Population, 6,000. The moat direct route to Minneaota, from the East, is by way of the Michi- gan Central llailroad, and the railroad and stiiKo rout« from Chicago to Uala- na. The railroad on thia Hue is coiupleti'd from Chicago to I(o>-kport, 92 milei. If peraonswlsh to take a little more time, and travel only during the day, they can go to Milwaukie and take railroad and atage to Oalens, which travel only in the dnytime, over a road quite as goo '^"^ f~'»'^'^"^ Zia of rounded hill., thinly covered with trees. The Indians «>^J^ ttmrpromiud land. Here they can gather the honey-iuckle, gr.pe. plu», 8IP« RIVBB. ry, will not let it remain tv, Illinois, i« a small town, t' is siliiiiU'd near the head ty, Illinois, i« situated »ix isiderable trade in earthen s located on the west side •k Island, or Ufper Rapidi. a place of considerable im- n old Frenchman, who was ; ncif^hborhood. v&, (county-seat), i« one of It is a beautiful situation, an any other town on the ble trade, iB rapidly increas- line of railway connecting 3uri river, and crossing the J by a rich country, it will tion, 2000. . veil to a large island in the ! Galena, and just above the II part of the island is occu- , S. Blockhouse in time of is upon a rock, near twenty There is a recess in this jre, it is said, he often con- [diers had most of the island he gardens and hedges are )1. Davenport was murdered, wretches. The Mississippi twenty-one feet, ten inches, edges of rock extend across .ly obstruct the navigation, d remove them. The Chica- cross the Mississippi at this ay obstruction to navigation. ibly one of the richest in the world. 1 K sacceBSion of little kuolls, which ocean, as it rolls about the Terdant fer, the land rises gradually into • th trees. The Indians regard tUs ther the honey-iuckle, grape, plum, &0t7TG OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVKR. 19 and mulberr.v, from triwn plmiteil ly the lin-nt Spirit lenturlcji ngoi and, fmm the Iximim of •VHi-y liiki', without any p'owlnn or »owing, Ihi'y gather an abun.laiit harvciit of wil.l rii o. Tlii' Urout Spirit scatters tjountifully their tread upon the wutirs, which In due time they gallicr with rejoicing. IHoline, Rock isl.ind county, Illinois, is a manufacturing village opposite the liead of Rock JHliiiid, and has considerable water power from the raiiiiis of tlip river. Bock iKlUlld C'Uy, county-seal of Rock Island county, Illinois, is hilualed near the junction of iho Rock and Mi-ssissip- pi rivers. The citv is rapidly incroa>iiig ; and, being surround- ed by a (food agricultural count rv, it will, doubtless, one day become a large town. Coal, good limber, and limestone, are found in sufficient quantities for all practical purposes. Rock river affords excellent water jwwer for propelling machinery. Population near .'tOOO. Uuck Klvcr rises in the southern part of Wisconsin, and after a rapid, south-westerly course of three hundred miles, en- ters the Mississippi, a short distance below the island. It is navigable for steamboats two hundred and fifty miles. RockillKhum, Scott county, Iowa, is situated on the Mississippi, nearly opposite Rock river. It is pleasantly Itjcatcd on a bluff bank, and contains a number of dwellings and sev- eral mills. Populati(ni, 500. inLllScatine, (formerly Rloomington,) Muscatine county, Iowa, is one of the most flourishing towns in the state. It is the county-seat, and contains a fine court-house, a jail, and sev- eral good stores and churches. It was laid out in 1836, and has a population of 2000. ' _ . New Boslou, Mercer county, Illinois, is situated on a sandy bluff, twenty-six miles below Muscatine. Population, 900. Iowa Biver rises in Iowa, and, after an easterly course of three hundred miles, enters the Mississippi near five hundred miles below the falls. Its principal branch. Red Cedar, is navi- gable for keel-boats one hundred miles al)ove its junction with the Mississippi. The Iowa is navigable for steaniboats one hundred miles. The water of the river is clear and pure; the banks are high and covered with good timber. IOWA CITY, the capital of the state, is situated on the Iowa river, near the head of steam navigation. The city was laid out in 1839; previous to thii, H was an Indian hunting-ground. The banlis of the rirer, at this point, fife in natural terraces. The first plateau from the river U devoted to a publio pnmeiude. Most of the buildings, pubUc sad private, an al some diiUDca to ROUT! OF TIW MWSIMTPM BIVIB. til tttim th« riwr. The Cipltol. m C»pltol itrort, K one of Ihe flnent hullillnm In tbi> oUtB. It 1» of Porlc nr hltaituro, one huinlrf.1 »ni> twenty fcrt lon«, •Ixty f.-it wlilo, »ti(l two .tori.', hlich. The aom. of the biilMliig l» "U.tnlned by twenty-two Corinthi»ii eoUimn», whi.h Klve It a rtdi «n,l eleRnnt «pp«r- «nre. lown la rot l«hln,l h.r oW.T «l»t.T »tnte» In rallroml i.iogrciii. Nu- ip«rmu. linen, centering at Iowa City, hare \mm projected within her border« ! one from Davenpn't to Coun. 11 BIuITpi, one from Dutuqne to Iowa City, and another from Ilurlinnton tothr Miwourl river, are all In i-ronres*. Thunwlll ■he hftTc an outlet for the pro,lH, tiona of her ..oil, which, for wiint of meani of Interrommunlcntlon, ran not now leach a market. Population, 1000. KeitllSburKh, rounty-scst of Mercer county, lllinoii, is a miiall town, plennantlv situatpd on the MissiRelppl. It has a Kood landinir, ktu\ in the outlet of a rich country. Larpc q-ian- titles of KHiin are produced in the vicinity and shipped to vari- ous points along tne river. . OanillVka, county-seat of Henderson county, Illinois, is situated on the east l.anic of the Mississiopi, five hundred miles below the Falls. It stands on a sandy slope, and is a place of considerable trade. It contains a printing office and several irood stores. Population, lOtlO. RlirlinBton, lowu, the old capital of the state, and coun- ty-seat of Des Moines county, in one of "'"/.esthuilt towns on the Upp.'r Missi.ssippi. U is surrounded by hills, which add greatly to the beauty of the place. The town is reLmlarly laid out. and contains several neat churches and fine residences lU incn-ase in commerce and population have far ^"T'J.;^* '»i'»/ of any other town in the slate. Aud when ^i'^Pr^jected inter- nal improvements, in the way of r"'l'-oid'<- «»''! [''f. '^"mP ll^ri uniting it with the capital of the state, and with the Missouri river on the west, Burlington will, at no distant d'T- »ie<:°™« » large and important coruinercial ity. Population. 4000. Chii-aiiquc, or Skunk river, a small stream, enters the Mississippi from lowa, a few miles below Burlington. Fort ^adi^ion, county-seat of Lee county, lo^a, is on the west bank of the Mississippi. It became a town m 1BJ& , Sncluia t nur t has increasVd rapidly^ The town occupies the silo of an old fortification, built. In l808, as a defense against thel. d ansrwho. in 18i;i, obliged the garrison to abandon and burn e fort. It contains a handsome court-house, a number of elegant churches, the Iowa Penitentiary two spacious hotels, and inany well-built private residences Population, 1.10« . Montrose, Lee county, Iowa, is situated on an elevated prS"Sc;.mma.ids a%iew of the river and country for twanty miles around. Numerous Indian mounds, tha depogi- tnrirs town is the :iiiO. Moriii It is > hiirfai West. laid I twelv other the C] build eight, and < worll date of Ih new tweh brazi striie one c belie end iMlte did I lege.-- and raea« thro^ by a 1848 ruini ciali bein, arc I ceed does Th thair tweli who ippi Rivim. , In one of Ihe llneiit hullillnfCl lunilrnl »nrt twenty ftpt lon«, nti of the biilliUiiff ia ■ustnlned K It a rtili Kiiil i-ltgint »pp«ir- ti'd ill mllroiiil iupgrcm. Nu- ll projcrtwl within her horder» i ?m Dubuque to lown City, »n< the place nf ri'>lii|>piiig in time of low water. Population, Mill). , tVauVOO, Hiiiicdck county, Illinois, the sacred city of the Mormons (kt iiolf), \* llic most remarkable city in theUiiioll. It is siUiaU'd on a liiyh slope, ch^valed several feet above the Rurf.ice of Ihe riviT. The location is one of the best in the West. The land was purchased by the Mormons, and the city laid out in 1H40, umler the direction of Joe Smith. It was twelve miles in circumference — streets regular, crossing each other at right-nnf,'les. The dwelliiiffs were mostly plain, with the eiception of the Great Temple, wliicli was one of the finest buildings in the West ; it was one hundred and thirty feet l-mg, eighty eight foet wide, sixty five feet to the top of the cornice and one hundred and sixty-three to tlie ton p of ruins. The city is now in the hands of a band of French So- cialists; the property, however, is in constant dispute, there being no good titles. Only a small number of the dwellings arc occupu'd— the Mormon population, which at one time ex- ceeded 15,000, having moved to Ut*h. The present population does not exceed 2000. , ■ . Note. Th« Mormoni first appeared in the United Ste ttt abont 1830. Joieph Bmlth, their piophet, pretended to have found an addition to tho Bible, enjraved on twelve gulden platei. After being submilted to Profesior Anthon and otheri, who pronoBBoed the inictiptioni a men of JBrgon, he, by Dlvitte aiiiittao*, S2 noOTK OF THK MISSISSIPPI EIVKrv. WK. enabled to get » correct trnnslntion, which he p.il.li.he.1 under the title of the Bfk of M„nn,;,. I'liii hook pretends to throw lome light upon the hii- tory ot the losl Tribe, of l.rael : how they found llieir way to America by cic.ing llehriiig'.- f'lr.iils, tra.elins alooR the .liore. of the Pacific till they leached the warm and heauiilul country of Mexico. Here they lormed i.ttle. ment., and .ent coloniei to Central America and Peru. They applied them- •elvc. to agricnhure, built ciliei and temples, which they adorned in the moil magnificent .tyle, Thev soon degenerated, however, and established loi themselves one of the mist cniel s.-tems of idolatry ever invented by inan. At the great Temple of the t^un, ten thousand human beings were sacrificed annually. A large mounil, estimated to contain several millions ol human •kulU, has recently been discovered in Chili., near the remains ol one of t lies, temples. Thus we see, that, according to Joe Smith and bis deluded lollow- ers, all those stupendous ruins which are found in Mexico, Central and South America, and which have been so grnpiiically described b; Stephens and olh- ers. are folly explained, and their history simple and well understood. Th« mysterious plates contain the records of events, the history of which wonld have puzzled the worlil till the end of lime. Nashville, Lee countv, Iowa, is a small place, four miles below Nauvoo. Population, 100. , ^ r , t\ Keokuk, Lee county, Iowa, situated at the foot of tlie Lies Moines, or Lower Rapids, is a place of considerable trade. In low water, large boats from below can not pass the rapids ; their freittht is discharged at Keokuk, conveyed to Montrose, ami re- shiiiped on smaller boats. Notwitlistanding that titles to prop- erty, in the town and vicinity, have been in controversy for iiia- uy years, yet few towns on the river have grown lore rapidly. It contains several churclies, a high school, 3 lat,-e hotels, a number of wholesale and retail stores, 2 mills, and almost every branch of raeclianics. Five steam packets ply regularly between Keokuk and St. Louis. Population, 3,500. _ Church ville (Alexandria), Clark county, Missouri, is sit- uated at the '.nouth of the Des Moines river. It contains about 12 stores, and 50 dwellings. Population, 200. ,.,,,„ Warsaw, Hancock county, Illinois, stands on a high bluff at the foot of the rapids, near the site of old Fort Edwards. The situation is such that it can not be swn from the river. It con- tains 1 or 2 mills, several stores, and a number of neat dwell- ings. Popuhition, 1,200. _, e-u- Des nioines Bivcr rises in the southern part of Minne- sota, and, after a cour.se of four hundred miles, joins the Missis- sippi four miles below Keokuk. It is navigable for steamboats two hundred and fifty miles. The boundaay line between Iowa and Minnesota runs along this river for several miles. Tally, Lewis county, Missouri, is pleasantly situated on the Mississippi, eighteen miles below Warsaw. PopulaUon, 2 jO Lit west si ftcoiida au an ele miles f view porkp the M Chicaf and se ma bank ( It uxto contai llil Missis son C miles It con soon 1 »ia oil th( direct tlie m Lo bank ir. I Cli Hi town and e iii^ west ulatic GIL from t is verj Bi on ll JUim •WPiStl*'^^ aW" »• ' 8IPPI RlVKii. cli he pul)lulieil iind«r tlie title of o ilirow lome liglit upon the h'n- lounil tlieir way to America by e sliurei of the Pncifio till they lexico. Here they lormed lettle. and Peru. They applied them- , which they adorned in the moil I, however, and e«tabli«hed foi f idolatry ever invented hy man. id human being* were lacrificed inliiin leveral millions of human near the reinains ol' one of tlies* le Smith and hi« deluded follow- nd in Mexico, Central and South ly ileicribed b..' Stephens and 0th- niple and wel! understood. Th« venti, the history of which would is a small place, four miles tuatod at the foot of the Des ; of considerable trade. In n not pass the rapids ; their iveyea to Montiose, ami re- istanding that titles to prop- been in controversy for ina- r have grown lore rapidly. ;li school, 3 lat,-e hotels, a •s, 2 mills, and almost every ackets ply regularly between , 3,500. lark county, Missoiiri, is sit- les river. It contains fibout liition, 200. inois, stands on a high bluff e of old Fort Edwards. The seen from the river. It con- id a number of neat dwell- the southern part of Minne- dred miles, joins the Missis- ; is navigable for steamboats boundaay line between Iowa ■r for several miles, ri, is pleasantly situated on w Warsaw. Population, 250 ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 23 JjX Grange. Lewis conntv, Missouri, is situated on the west side of the Mississippi, just below the mouth of tlie Wy- aconda river. Population, COO. ,„ . , ■ Auincy, county-seat of Adams county, Illinois, stands on an elevation above the river, about one hundred and fifteen miles from the mouth of the Illinois river, and commands a fine view of the surrouiidinff country. Tliere is a large amount of pork packed here, annually, and shipped to various points along the Mississippi. It has a projected railroad connection with Chicago, viaLasalle. The town contains a splendid court-house, and several fine ciiurches. Population, 7000. inarlon City. Marion county. Missouri, is on the west bank of the Mi.ssissippi. The location of the town is beautiful. It extends along tlie river bank for about a mile and a half ; and contains a population of 100. . . ^ . it Hannibal, Marion county, Mi.ssouri, is situated on the Mississippi, one hundred and eighty miles north-east of Jeffer- son City. A railroad hence to St, Josephs, Mo., upward of 200 miles in length, is now in progress, to bo completed in l«5b Jt contains a number of good stores and several nulls, and will soon become a large business place. Population, '1,0)0. Savei-ton, Halls county, Missouri, is pleasantly located on the west bank of the Mississippi. Population, 200. Salt Blver rises in Missouri and Hows in a south-easterly direction till it joins the Mississippi, ninety-four miles above the month of the Missouri. . . ., . j .i, » Louisiana, Pike county, Missouri, is situated on the west bank of the Mississippi, two miles below the nioutli of Salt riv- iT It contains many good residences. Population, latitude 38" 5H' norlh^ the nv "is for,u..d l.y the un.'on of the Kankakee and Des T ame, r vers Al.ove the UK-uth of Vern.ili..n i.vur, it is greatly ob- .truelf.l l.y rapids; l.ut below this point th.. current i** g«»t ;■, and the river s naviLMble for steamboats during inost of the veaV The land bonVering on the river is gencrallv rich, but Object to frequent inundations. Steamboats as««nj the ri«,r „l,.;ut two hundred and fifty mdes, where, by the aid of the 01ii>'a«o an.l Illinois canal, a direct comraunication is opened Willi the Lakes. . . ,, „,„,„ (jii-itfton, Jersey county, Illinois, is a small place. Alton, Madison county, Illinois, is Kituatcd on the east fii.^'f theM sissippi.two and a half miles above the mouth of the M ' ou"r ThJ lo^^-n is well laid out-streets w:de and reg^ ular The commercial advant.ages of thus place are second to none in the State. The surrounding country abounds m good timber and coal. It c.mtains the Illinois Penitentiary, a num- ber of good churches of various denoiii nations and Beveral schoos.^ There is near a million of low this, its character is en- I longer clear. Uniting with , forming islands and remov- is lost m the bosom of the in the far distant mountains •nts which roll down the sides nfler mingling together their rh a windiiig course of three ' the Great Father of Waters. its course is a foaming moun- ■h a chasm of perpendicular 1 and twelve hundred feet ui Incky Mountains. Sixty miles ns a succession of cataracts, a in grandeur. In the space H a descent of three hundred irough vast prairies, and after 'e and navigable river, it takes a soiilli easterly direction, olitaining its principal tributaries from the West, 'i'lie chiiiiiicl is rendered intricate by tiie great luuiilier of islands and sand-bars; and in many jilaces tiie nav- icaiiiiii is made very liazardnus by tlie rafts, snags, banks, Ac. flio river begins to rise iu Slan-li, and continues till July, when llie sumiinr floods uf its remote tributaries come in. Duriiii,' tills |ieri.id. theie is sufficioiit deplli of water for steam- bdiits ^of almost iiiiy class; but dining the remainder of the vfiir, it is hiinlly navigable for any distame, by the smallest ve-sels tiiat tbial'iiiHUi the western waters. See pat/e 158. ItlOOtly Island, situated in the Mississippi between Illinois Town and Si. Louis, is a sandy island, covered with cotton-wood. It is the place where a number of duels hav» been fought. Hence its name. VIEW OF BT. LOUIS FROM BLOODT I8LAXD. St. LoniS, capital of St. Lonis county, Missouri, is the largest city in the ^tate. It is pleasantly «'t>mted on the M.s- sissiDDi eighteen miles below the mouth of the Missouri. Its h^ i^Se'is 38= 36' north, and its longitude 89'' 56' west It wa8 founded about 1764, by a company of French fur traders, who supposed it to be a spot where the trade of the Missouri, Mis- siisfppi, and other great rivers of the West, would be likely to center. It received the name of St. Louis in honor of the reigning sovereign of France. The city rests upon .t bed of liniestone, and is elevated some distance above tlie surface of the river. The streets in the lower part of the city are narrow and dirtv. In the back part, the land |s qu'te level but cov- ered witli pools and stagnant water. The center of the city however, is «-ell built and contains many good buildnigs, with spacious and beautiful gardens attached to them. The court house is a splendid building; the lower floor is paved with Btone In the center there is a rotunda with a sash top, and -5X".*P^:'k-,v*' 26 ROUTE OF TUB MISSISSIPPI RIVKR. two circular sUira starling from the center in diflforent direc- tions The iii>i(le rtni>h is of luavy oak; the witnesses all have fine oak desks and seats; tlie judge's seat is very much like a chuicli pulpit of the "Corinthian order I he city hall and Catholic cathedral are also very splendid luiildiiiL'S. Tlie latter lia.s a chime of six bells, the largest of which weighs over two thousand pounds, 'i'hero are also several medical schools and universities, tilled with students from various pai-U of the country. . The location of this city for commerce, is second to none in the West It is the center of a vast and fertile country, watered »-* tlie largest rivers in the world. The country bordering on the upper Mississippi is well adapted to tlie growing «)f wheal, which is shipped in large quantiUes to St. Louis. 1 Uus, ht. Louis is fast becoming one of the greatest flour market-s in the Union The total annual commerce of St. Louis, including exports and imports, can not be far from $100,000 000. And ■when the immense chain of railroads now projected— much of which is either completed, or under contract and progressing rnpidlv— connecting St. Louis with the farthest eastern cities, and w'ith distant western and southern ones, shall be finished, who can put bounds to its growth or compute the immensity of business that must center here 1 In 1849, the city was visited by much the largest conflagra- tion that ever occurred in the AVest. Although the amount of property destroyed was much hws than that of the great fire in N-w York, yet the extent of the burnt district far exceeded it. The fire began among the boats .it the wharf, and after burning twenty-one of thein, commuuiciited to the heavy mercantile houses along the river. Several hundred persons were thus, in H few minutes, thrown deslitul* upon the world, who, but a short time before, were enjoying the pleasures of a peaceful The. population of the citv has increased rapidly : in 1810, it W.1S les^s than 2000 ; in 18:)0, it was 7000 ; in 1840, it was 16,- 000 ■ in 1845, 35,000 ; and in 18r)0, 70,000. Illinois Town, St. Clair county, Illinois, is situated on the east side of the Mississippi, just opposite St Louis. The great " Ohio ?.;« .§«tEK:x-;-i;'?-<;^'S* r fS BOCTB OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVKB. was the head quarters of the commandant in upper Louisiana, and the center of fasliion in the West. Note. ST. OENKVIEVE, capitnl of Ocm-vii-vo county, Missouri, it B pleaiant town, lixty-one milei Leiow St. Loui>, and the olde«i in Ihe tilalt. It itaodi about two milei bai:lt Troin the river. Population, 3,000. Directly back of thii town, a few miles, ii I'otoii. It is locatad in tht 6neit mineral diitriot in th« United Stalei. The Iron Mountain, th» greateit natural curiosity in the West, is also in the vicinity. This mountain is an >1. most solid mass of ore, three miles long, a mile broad at the base, and tines hundred feet high. Kasknskia River rises near the center of the State of Illinois, and after a course of four hundred miles, empties into the Missis-sippi, near the southern terminus of the American Bottom. It 18 navigable for steamboats one hundred and fifty miles. Note. KASKASKIA, capital of Kaskaskia county, Illinois, situated on Ihe Kit. kaskia river, seven miles from its mouth, is the oldest Kuropean settlement is the Mississippi valley. It was founded by Father Uravcn, in the latter pan of the seventeenth century, and gradually became the central point of Frencli colonization. When ceded to the English, in 1703, it contained one hundred families. The town contains several Catholic institutions, a court house and United States' land olfice. The inhabitants are mosOy of French origin. Population, 1,000. Chester, Randolph county, Illinois, is on the east side of the Mississippi, one mile below the mouth of the Kaskaskia river. The town is built on an elevated bottom, and is the commercial depository of a fine country. It is a flourishing place, and contains a population of 700. Mary's Klver rises in Illinois and flows south-west into the Mississippi. It is a small stream, and not navigable. Devirs Bake-oven and Crraud Tower. — These are names given to a portion of a gigantic range of rocks, rising to a considerable height on both sides of the river, nearly mid- way between St. Louis and the mouth of the Ohio. The sum- mits of this range are crowned with vegetation, which looks smilingly down upon the water as it dashes against its base. The current here is very swift; and, by its force and constant ■wearing away of the cliffs, it has separated a large portion, which stands like a gigantic column in the midst of the waves. Such is " Grand Tower," which rises near fifty feet above the surface of the river. Those hardy boatmen of the West, who navigated our west era waters before the introduction of steam, dreaded this place more th( ii-iiiid ll l.v niL'aii |/iokiiut I ■llicl. will tliclll. 'J tcuiptiiif^ ifliid tliL" Missi l>evi natural c tliaj)cs, r cr archit( ju^ticallv Bain seven teet Cape on the Ml has a nui and I'CC Idt here Mary's C( jirut'essoi Comi of the M ill!^8. It ulation, l OIlio bank of I fiw lions Cair< of the O good one ing this ate place iieeting i south, hi prevent t tieretofor its locati I'loin tlie ping poii Oljio Allegan principal r ISIPPI RtVER. ndaat in upper Louisiana, it. ROUTE OP THB MIS8I8SIPPI RIVER. 29 1 I county, Miitonri, ii B pleaiant he olileit in (he State. It itaaili ation, 3,000. II I'otaii. It is located in tht The Iron Mountain, the greateit riciniiy. Thii mountain ii an at mile broad at the baie, and tliiu ir the center of the State of lUiidred miles, empties into terminus of the American >ats one hundred and fifty nty, Illinoii, litnated on the Kai- Lhe oldest European settlement is Father Uravcn, in the latter pan Bcame the central point of French in ITQ3, it contained one hundred lie institutions, a court house and ints are mosily of French origin. inois, i» on the east side of c mouth of the Kaskaskia elevated bottom, and is the luntry. It is a flourishing 700. is and flows south-west into ra, and not navigable. Uraud Toivcr. — These gaiitic range of rocks, rising (Tes of the river, nearly mid- ith of the Ohio. The sum ilh vegetation, which looks it dashes against its base, d, by its force and constant separated a large portion, n in the midst of the waves. les near fifty feet above the st, who navigated our west of steam, dreaded this place more than any other on the river. The only way they could a-ci'iid llio river, wa.s to pull their boat-* along the Illinois whore liy means of ropes. The Iniiians, who were always on the IcM.koiit for plumler, would conceal themselves in tfie bushes, ■ukI. when a favorable onixirtunily offered, would fall upon tJHiii. Thus many valuable lives and cargoes were lost, in at- tempting that wjiifh steam now accomplishe.s in perfect security. illilddy Kivcr rises in Illinois and flows .south-west into the Mississippi. It is navigable only for a .short distance. Uevil's Tca-tiible und Cornice Kocks are great natural curiosities. The water has worn the rocks into regular tliapcs, representing continuous rows of cornice work and oth- er architectural devices of the greatest beauty, which hang ma- ji.'. convent. There was a severe shock of an earthquake felt here in 1811 : also another in 1812. It is the seat of St. Mary's college, founded in 1830 ; which now has a president, 5 professors, and a library of 2,500 volumes. Population, 1,500. Commerce, Scott county, Missouri, is on the west bank of the Mississippi, and contains a number of stores and dwell- ings. It has considerable trade, and a fine country back. Pop- ulation, 300. OlliO City, Mississippi county, Missouri, is on the west bank of the Mississippi, just opposite Cairo. It contains but l\w houses, and is subject to inundations. Cairo, Alexandria county, Illinois, is situated at the mouth of the Ohio, on a very low point of laud. The location is a good one, and since the great Illinois Central Railway .connect- ing this point with Chicago, Galena, Dubuque, and intermedi- ate place, on the north, and the Mobile s at l'itt,l,u>-h,a.Kl. aftw ,mrMn„^_ a south- westerly course of one thousand uiiles, en.pt.esinto iheMissis- Binni in latitude :t7" norlli, and lon^ritude HH- jM west. •^fl en- are no obstructions in this river, other than sand-bars at low stages, except the rapi.ls, or falls, at Louisv. It- ; the river be e desccM.ds twenty-two and a half feet in two m. es. In high water the largest b.Iats can pass over the fa U without diftcul- Ty and in orTlinar>' stages, Uats drawing four feet or less can paU safely A..^/., under^the charge of the regular falls pilots Lcepl in high stages of the river, ascertding boats nass through fhe catuil, fioin PorTland to Louisville. The Ohio flows ihrouKh a rich bed of blueish limestone, which admits of a fiue po liH. The land along the river consists mostly of fine bottoms, which are probably the richest in the Mississippi vuUey. 1 his nver wa. called f.y the French. " La Belle Kiviere ;" the appropriate- ness of whic. any one will acknowledge, who, f;.rthe hrs time Cats upon its waters. The rich procfucts of six ot the argest states in the Union, pass annuafly down this river, whicli i8 now the outlet of most of the inland commerce of the country. The Ohio is navigable most of the year, for boats of any sue, and for small class steamers, all the year round, to Pittsfmrgh. Durixe the spring, there is sufficient water to float almost any vessel that rides the ocean ; the mean difference between high lud low water mark being near sixty feet. The impediments to navigation in the Ohio, consist mostly of sand-bars, wh ch are thrown up by its numerous tributaries, or deposited in the b^nds by the'floods. Several plans have been proposed to pre- vent these formations, but none have been fully tested. Baidwinsvlllo, Scott county, Missouri, is situated on thfwes"side of the Mississippi, a short distance above tolum- bu. It is a small place und'i^.ntains a population of only m Columbus, capital of Ballard county, Kentucky, is on the MiBR*'s"ppi, about tWenty miles below tl.e mouth of the Ohio, it has sTv'L.'al extensive warehouses, and is a flourishing town. ^"fi'lci'inun, or Mills Point, capital of Hickman county. Kentucky's pleasantly located on the Mississippi, nineteen Ss below Columbus'^ It contains a court-house and several ''^nXS::^^ of New Madrid -nty^M^-ft V» „ notHfl nlace but since the great earthquakes of IHU Td 18 2 i ha. grcfaty declined. It is situated in one of those Si curves o^lends^o common in the lower Mississippi. Piwions but since niui the t several c Earttiqiii hi^h nortlit mx anil I iince. from evening, 1) midnijriit, I st«4ippi, wl appearnnce cloxinj^ lud dense vapo from the be land, Uoa Uie retnrnii with leo I ^ensEbion {: cities. Th takei bevai Poin small to\ lug placi countries Bldd ly a land country 1 vest. Li shipped ries. L,lttl( fleasaut t has 1 s i\CC«iied in wide fissnres, and, clo>ing inddenly, threw jets of sand and water several feet into the air. A dense vapor, like smoke, floated in the atmosphere. Sand.bars seemed to ris* from the bed of the river and drive tlie angry waters far over the surface of thtt l»nd. Boats, broken from their moorings, soon disappeared in the vortioea of the retnrning waters. The shocks continued to be repeated for several weeks, with less and less violence, till, at last, they died away, like the trembling -.ensa^ion produced by a wagon, as it rolls over the rough pavements of onr cities. The town appeared to sink several feet, and the bottoms of several lakes became so elevated, that they have since been planted with corn. Point Pleasant, New Madrid county, Missouri, is a small town, seven miles below New Madrid. It is a flourish- ing place, and exports large quantities of corn to tlie lower countries. Riddle's Point, New Madrid county, Missouri, is mere- ly a landing point for goods. It is located in the midst of a country that pays the diligent farm«r with an abundant har- vest. Larpe quantities of corn are rai.sed in the vicinity, and shipped to" various points on the Mississippi and its tributa- ries. Uttlc Prairie, New Madrid county, Missouri, is a pleastiut little town, tweiitv-seven miles below Point Pleasant, it has 1 school of ;)5 soholafa, and 3 churches. Population, 500. SiCCdliaui'H Cut-Oir. — These cut-offs arc channels form- ed by tlie currmt, in the circular bends of the river. The floods are coiistanlly washing away the banks, thus giving the current a chance to go where it pleases. These constant changes in the channel, render the navigation of the I'iver quite intricate. Obion Biver rises in West Tennessee and flows south- west into the Misstssipui. It is navigable for sixty miles. Bearfield LanttlnK, Mississippi county, Arkansas. It is a were lauding, and of no further iaiportauce. , , . 3 n ■marnns^'^ r!"5aw 3'. ROUTE OF THE MISSIHSIPri RIVKR. Forfcod Ufor Itivrr HdWH from Wo-t TcnnesKpe into tlic Mif«is!i, ii few inllcs hflow Ni'.dliani's cnt off. It is liavi);iil)l(! Diic luiiulrcd and iiiiu'ty-livo iiiili"*. ANliport. I^iuidciilulf coiiiitv. Tcniii'sx'i'. is on llie oast liide of till' Missis^i|l])i, near the" lower end of tlio Oanndmn Reach, ll lias hevtral wurc-lumwn and a steam saw mill. Pop- ulation, 21M). Osceola, oounty-soat of Mississippi roiintv. Arkansas, is 0. small villaife, jimt at the head of Piiim I'niiit itnrt. Plum Polill.— This is one of the most difficult places to pass on the Mississip|)i. From the freipient chanij;e8 in the ihaniiel. bars have Inien thrown up, in whieh a lari,'e amomit of drift has become embedded, renderiii!,' navi(,'ation very diffi- cult. Quite u number of boats have been lost hero. 1st <'llick»saw Kluil'.— These bhitfs, whieli are four in number, are merely i /-dinary bunks, oxteiidinL' for a few miles along the river. 'i'))e highest is elevated about thirty feel above liigh wate« inaik. After passing these banks, the country bordering on the river is very low; the ne.« similar elevation is at Vicksburgh, three hundred and sixty-tive miles below. . 11 1 Fulton, Lauderdale county, Tennessee, is a small £!»««■. situated on the lower extremity of the 1st Chickasaw bluff. Jt contains several ware-houses, and a number of dwellings, and has some trade in cotton. It is supported by a rich toimtry, •which may one day build up a large town, ropulation, 41)0. llatcnce lUvcr rises in Tennessee and flows west into the JMsFissippi, one hundred and seventy-eight miles lielow the inout\ r mile-*. •iiiu's>('i'. is on llie oast IT end of till! (Janniiinn 1 a steam saw mill. Pop- ppi rountv. Arkansas, is urn Pniiit hart. lie most difficult places to I'reiiMcnt changes in tlio n wliieh ii l!iii,'e amount ini,' iinvigalion very difli- l)eeii lost hero. 'SB l)hitr«, whifli are four iiks, exteiidinf; for a few is elevated ahout thirty pa.ssing these banks, the ■ry low; the ne.tt similar dred and sixty-live miles inessee, is a small place, e 1st Chick!i.s.iw hhiff. ll mmber of dwelling, and ported by a ricli toiintry, town. Popnlation, 400. Dssee and flows west into enty-cight miles lielow the as far as Bolivar, seventy- nnessce, is situated on the tehee river, near the head lll|»liiN, Hhelliy coiinly, 'IVnni'-^see, is the ernin'rium of West Tennissee, anil ihe tir--t town of iiiii>ortanc>: l)elow the mouth of the Ohio. It is built on the 41 li Cliickasaw l)lutf, which is near tUirty feet above liigh water mark. Tlie town is regularly laid out ; Init, owing t<> the lack of pavements, the streets are very muddy. If is destined to be a large town, an it is the only eligible site for a city, on either side of the Jlis- sissippi, between the mouth of the Ohio and Vieksburgh. The commerce of tlie place consists ))rincipaUy of cotton: more than 1211,01)1) bales have been sliipped nnnnally. A United Stales' n.ivy yard lias been lately estal>lisheil here, and tlio necessary buildings are being ciuistriicled. The river is deep enough to float, to the tJult', any vessel of war. It contains 6 cliurclies, 2 medical schools, a number of private schools, a lar^G number of stores, and a telegraph oilice. Its annual com- merce exceeds $5,000,000. 'J'he Memphis A Charleston railroad, running east, via Tuscumbia and Uuutsville, Ala., to connect with the ff ashville and Chattunooga road, and one running west to connect this city with Little Ruck, Ark., are now in progress of construction. The first is finished as far as CuUiersville, S5 miles. Population, 12,000. Pickei'inif, Shelby county, Tennessee, is a small village, containing .several large commissiou houses. It has an excel- lent landing. . Nortollt, De Soto county, Mississippi, is on the Mississip- pi river, ten miles below Memphis. It is a small place. Commerce, Tunica county, Mississippi, is on the east side of the Mississippi, twcntv-tive miles below Norfolk. Peyton, county-seat of Tunica county, Mississippi, is a small, flourishing town on the east side of the Mississippi. It contains a court-house and a few dwellings. The population is about 500. 9t. Francis River rises in Missouri, and flows south- east into the Mississippi. It is four hundred miles long, and navigable for boats three hundred miles. Stirling;, Phillips county, Arkansas, is a small trading; post, at the mouth of the St. irancis river. Helena, county-seat of Phillips county, Arkansas, is a flourishing town, containing a court-house and jail, several stores, and a United States' Land ofiice. A large amount of cotton, raised along the St. Francis river, is annually shipped from this place. Population, 500. ?«:-rS5»-:-.~^r' 34 ROCTB or THE MIB9I88IPPI BIVE«. connrrt. -li;. Mi-M.-.,.,.. jun / - ,„, .. tl... Uu.-r river :Si;::l'K!:i:;:^:^.!:-a^''': >;:-^^^^^ *'i;i«;^^ii^ Uend'-Tir;: Wnd tuke« itH „.rae from iU r« 'Sr?'T/. "V" ». TlK-re i. h cut-off here wluch .ave. ing for go..ds. It contuiiis l".l kw l.oases. Yli-lorln. Bolivar conntv. Mississippi, i^ a B.uall place. A large I^"«ut of goodn are l.uJed here lor ihe luler.or. Ko««- ..... . • ..lat.l,. ..,.,a IKfoto firit b.heW lU Minmippi. Th.".c. point cannot >'•-''';;';' ";'.;. ';l':h'n,ou.l, .If Wh,.. nv.r. „„.. h,.v. been .on,r«;l,.re ''•'«'•" '•'•"'.""\n,l thousl. o.h.r ..,...l.lion. «v«r m.mniable in the l.i.lory o. our ^ ,_^ ^ ^^^,, mh of May. 15.'9. After « -^»f;/,7^,„)^:,t ,„,,,, .„,, .n,bi,io>.. to b. b., on the co«.t of F";;-'"- „^„ ';''f *.'"^^^^^ *unge.l m.o tb. wiU. of U,. fi,.t .l,..ove,.r. ol Ibe '7>"7; '"' ./^fj JJ„ ,,'pp„,.., il„m «t .«ry Flori.!. .n.i began ibe.r ..».r,h for «°'''^„ J"" "" „|^,, 'u. .-:„,o i.iv,«y. con- ion. fa.lmg. nn.l .uH'- "« ""'" "'• ^°' ""' 1 j^ al out went, mil., b.ia^w hi. cour.. towar.. the M.........p.. «b . ■ "« «» "^ »';„ , ^ ,J„„, „„. „„„. ,1* mouth of the Arkan.a. ''*"•"•••'"'";,;,- «««,*;»<.. I). Soto'. ,„,, y.,.i. frnn. the r.ver «_n. ' « ';'';;".;°:. ^Lu., on.' by one, peri.h- courage here began to f»'\ '■"•,' '•^^"^'.r ^eing able to obtain .uppbe. i„g in a h«...l. co,nmy. 7.''; '>»S'"'j''fX„.. and alappn.nt.nen.. of th. .. ,n.l reinforcement. Iron. ^»''»- ."'•;;' f "''„', h„, u.ey hrmigbi on a f...r. p..liti«n began 10 w.,gl, .0 heavily on "•"""''• \™^„,;^ „",,.,„« h,. .„„. y.^ - >I RIVBR. iiU'8 Ix'low Ilflfim. and ■iix. It i« sulli. loully 1 jmsst.illifliiit'Triver i-.c liuiiilrcil tiu\i'^. Mi — iwil'1'i. '■* B't"at<"d W.'.yon. It is a new vil- tttkes it* iiarae from its But-off hero which saves {unsart, in a mere land- JSt'S. ppi, is a small place. A ior the interior. (irit beheW lli» Mi"i"ippi. oin 111* ile»i.ri|ilioni gi»»n, it il th» mouth of Whit* riv«r. Anil lliougli ollior •«|ieunk il in ibe middle of the river, in nineteen falhomi of water. ■I'biin, llie tirit ducoverer of the Mmmippi retti beneatii Ui waves. Alter iin ahienre of four ye»r<, during which they •uflered the mo«t incred- ('■V hard'hipn, the reliiniinl of tliu once giillanl niiny lurreeded In reaching l • iin. During their n anderingt Ibruugh Ihe conntry, they treated the nativea with the uinioit cruelly, their lhir»l liir gold remaining to the lint. See Ir- Oitijj^K Coniiueal of Fiundu. White lllvrr ri«ps in tlic Blm-k monntnins, Missouri, and fliiws »i)iillii'ii>t iiitii till' Mis»issi|i]ii. Aliotit M-vfii niilcH from Ihf ii.oiitii it is cuiiiiicU'il, lliiiiui,'li a low furcM, by a biu'oii, Tvilh the Arkansas, thirty miles from its mouth. It flows through ail extremely fertile tountry and rich miiierul district. Near its mouth it niiis through a deep swamp. Its length is seven humlrvd miles, and it is navigable for boats five hun- dred miles. Arkaiisns River rises in the Rocky Mountjtms, and after pursuing an east"rly course of near fvo lliousand miles, it empties into the Mississipjii in latitude X]" 411' nortli. It flows mostly through a sandy eountrv, abounding in salt. Boats have aseiiided this river as far as l-'ort Gibson, nine hun- dred and sixty miles from its mouth. The river above this, and even duw'n to Fort Pniitli, sixty miles below, loses itself, in dry seasons, among the quicksands lliat fill its bed. The cur- rent is generally very rapid: the river has often risen fifteen feet in twenty-four hours. Next to llie Missouri, thi.s is the largest tributiirv of the Mississipjii, though not the most im- portant. Below Little Km k, the land along Ihe river is mora productive, and well timbered. The territory drained by this river and its tributaries is estimated to contain ITt^.UOU square miles. Nolea. FOFT SMITH, Crawford connly, Arknniai, U a lively little town, •itnated " on the Arkaniai river, near the weitern boundnry of the State. The United etalei government bai eitabliihed a fort her* for the protection of the weit- •rn frontier. It i» just on the Iniuudary of the laillan territory. There am in»ny very rich merchant* in thia town, who have mnile TB«t fortunea by trading with the Iniliann, huiidroda of wliom can he aeon in town every day. BUnlteta and Kid-Ev- »ell Ix-ttcr here than any thing elee. Tlie town con- taini a population of eliout 700. LITTLK HOCK, capital of the »tttt<', Pulaaki county, la on the Arkan«a», about four hundred miles from its moutli, and is about to bo connected with Mamphia, Tenn., by railroad, now in courw of conitroction, which wUl wli •nch to Its already oxtensire trsUe. 36 ^ BOUTB OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. This town was oHiciatly styled Jirkvpulis^ bnt the name Little Roctc, given Id allusion to the rocks tbtind in the vicinity, beinj( the first met with in as- eending the river, has prevailed. It is built on a liigh bljti'on the rij^ht bank of the Arkansas river. Coal, iron and valnalile stone, are found in the neigh- borhood. A little to the south-west, and near the center of the State, are the celehrated sulpliur and hot sprinifs, which are visited hy great numbers ofinva- lids, and are said to possess great medicinal properties. Population, 3000. ARK.\N.SAiS POST, .Arkansas county, is the oldest town in the State. It was founded hy the French in 1083. It is located on a high bluff; but, in the e:tr of the town, tlie l.ind is low and freiinently inundated. It is situated about sixty miles I'roni the mouth of tiie river, and contains a court bouse, jail, and printing olHce. Po|)ulation, UUU, TVsipolcon, Cliieot county, Arkansas, is situated on the ■west bank of llie Mississip|)i, at the mouth of the Arkansas river. It is becoming an nnportaiit point, a.s all the produce brought down the river is hmded there for re-shipping. Popu- lation, (ilKI. Bolivar, capital of Bolivar county, Mississippi, is on the east side of the Mississippi river, mid north of Lake Bolivar, It is a small place, being merely a landing from which produce and cotton, raised in the interior, are shipped. ColUlk:1!)iiL, county-se.at of Chicot county, Arkansas, is on the Mississippi, si.xty-six miles below the Arkansas river. At this point, tne cotton plant begins to flourish with more vigor, being near its proper latitude. The town contains a court house and a number of dwellings, lt« location is pleasant Population, 31111. Point C'iiicot, formerly capital of Chicot county, is on the Mississippi, four miles below Columbia, It now looks like a fine plantation, with its numerous negro quarters scattered about. Cirecnvilic, "Washington county, Mississippi, is a small Tillage a few miles below Point Chicot. Population, 200. Woi'tiliii{i;^tOii fjaiiding't Washington county, Missis- sippi, is merely a landing, and of no further importance. UraiKl LiUkC Lailding', Chicot county, Arkansas, is on the Mississippi, near the soulliern boundary of the State. Grand Lake is a short distance Vjack of the landing. Princeton, county-seat of Washington county, Missis- sippi, is a landing point for the plantations in the neighbor- hood of Lake Washington. It Is a small village, containing a number of stores, and a popul.ation of about 3U0. ISuncbc's Bend and Cnt-oll' is ten miles beloir Princeton. This cutoff runs through a swamp, and is but a \ PPI RIVER. It the name Little Rock, fiven einjT the first met with in at- n iitgh bljft'on the rij^ht bank itone, are fotinit in the neigh- the center of tlie State, are the ^ited liy great ninnbert ofinva* jperliej. Population, 3000. ! oldest town in the State. Tt CHted on a hi^li blnfT; but, in ntly inundated. It is situated , and contains a court housef nsas, is situated on the mouth of the Arkansas odiiit, a.s all the produce e for re-sliipping. Popu- ty, Mississippi, is on the d north of Lake Bolivar. ding from which produce shipped. It county, Arkansas, is on the Arkansas river. At flourish witli more vigor, 3 town contains a court Ita location is pleasant of Chicot county, is on imbia. It now looks like negro quarters scattered V, Mississippi, is a small It. Population, 200. ashington county, Missis- further importance, licot county, Arkansas, is n boundary of the State. )f the landing, shington county, Missis- itations in the neighbor- mail village, containing a f about 3U0. -ofl' is ten miles below h a swarap, and is but a r I ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 37 few miles across: while the main channel flows round a circu- lar Vk'ikI of Hourly eighteen miles. Providence, capital of Carroll parish, Louisiana, is on till' Jllssis.-ippi, niiii'tetii miles below liunche's beud. It con- tiiinsa court liouso. jail, hospital, and a number of stores and (Iwi'llings. It is a handsome town, and hits considerable trade in lottun. Population, .'ioU. TuihulU, capital of Issaquena county, Mississippi, is a small place on tin' • .ist side of the Mississippi. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Population, 200. IVole. LAKE PROVIDENCK, in the vicinity iif Providence, and from which the name it derived, is the ancient bed of the Mississippi, which has now taken a dilfeient direction. In die northern and southern parts, tliB entrance from the river has become closed. Its nut-let, on the south, is through Tensas river, or bayou, a brnmch of the Washita. It is here that the Spuniali muss is first seen growing. The palmetto, with its broad leaves spread out like fans— the lofty cotton-wood tree— Uie wild and impenetrable cane-brake, and the impat- salile swamp, all Honrisli here in their native characters. Alligators are fre- quently seen, reposing upon a log, enjoying- tiie sun as it pours its scorching rays upon the surface of the water. At olher times, they either ait quietly on tlie shore, or walk delilierately to some neighboring swamp, there to lave in waters untouched liy solar raya. Tompkin^Ville, Carroll parish, louisiana, is a neat lit- tle place, I ding for some distance aloiig the river, and con- tains the r ices of a number of wealthy planters. C'aiupK jlfitVillc, Carroll parish, is also a settlement of planters. It is a small place, and of but little importance. MilllkillSViilC, Madison parish, Louisiana, is a large settlement of planters, who have many fine re.sidences. Ya'i^OO River rises near the central part of the State of Mississippi. It is formed by the union of the Tallahatchee and Yallabusha, which are navigable rivers. After receiving the Sun-flower, which runs nearly parallel with the Mississippi, and is navigable for eighty miles, it empties into the Missis- sippi, three hundred miles from its source. The country bor- der ug on this river is very rich, and produces cotton in great abut dance. From Laflone, at the mouth of the Tallahatchee, sever d large steamboats run regularly to New Orleans, during the cotton season. The number of bales of cotton that annua! ly float down this river, is estimated at 150,000. It is navigable throughout its whole length, three hundred miles. Note. YAZOO CITY, Yazoo oonnly, Mississippi, is a flonriihing town on th» east (ida of the Yazoo river, about one hundred miles from its luonth. It 38 ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVKB. i oontaina neTeml stoivii ard wnrebouiira. I'opulAllon 800. Stnice' leavv three tinti'a a WL'uk fur lloily Springs, and Rtfnnitronta rt>gutar!y lor Ni^w Orlcaiin. Sparta, Madison parish, Limisiann, is a small village nearly opposito tlie nioiitli of Yazoo river. walnut Hills, a sliort distance above Virksburgh, ex- tend alon^; the river for about two miles. They rise to the hight of near five hundred feet, and display tlio finest scenery on the lower Mississippi. They are under a high state of cultivation, which renders tliem very attractive in tlieir appearance. VicRsblll'tJ^ll, capital of Warren county, Mississippi, is built on a hill nearly three hundred feet above tlie river, and five liundi 1 miles afiove New Orleans. It was settled in 1824 by Neivitt Vick, Esq., and became a city in 18H6. This city is the depot of all the Yazoo country. The soil is exceedingly fertile, producing abundant crops of grain, cotton and tobacco. About yO,000 bales of cotton are aniiually shipped from thia place to New Orleans. It contains a court-house, 5 churches, J acadeiniei), a theater, and several public and private schools. Population, 4000. This city presents a fine view from the river ; the location being high, and the houses built in terraces on tlie sides of the liills, give the whole a very romantic appearance. A railroad extends to Jackson, the capital of the state, forty-six miles, •wliich cost $395,600. There is another road, thirteen niileo in length, that extends from Jackson to Brandon — cost, $100,000. A system of railroads connecting this city with New Orleans, via Jackson — and with the eastern cities, via the great South- ern Railway, through Alabama and Georgia-— with Cincinnati, via Na.shville and Louisville, and with Galena and Chicago, via Mobile and Oliio, and Illinois Central roads — are all in course of rapid construction. ¥vUl'l'cntOii, Warren county, Mississippi, is a pleasant little town, ten miles below Vicksnurgh. Palmyra i!k!ttll«nivut, Warren county, Mississippi, is on the Mississippi river, about twenty-five miles below Vicks- burgh. C^rthaf^e, Tensas parish, Louisiana, is a small place, and only im|>ortant as a landing. It contains but few dwellings. Point Pleasant, Tensas parish, Louisiana, is on the west side of the Mississippi, ten miles below Carthage. It is a mere landing, containing but few houses. Bii; Itlacif. Uivcr rises in the State of Mississippi, and after a courw- of one hundred and sixty miles, flows south-west iato the Mississippi. It ia navigable for boats sixty miles. « Oral located i the rivei cdutains Masonic Steam otlier pi Hay low Ora son, wh mouth, a popul: Bru plaee at Ht. J small vi a court ' Uod Unvn, C( lation, t rail oniiilies Nai4 mostly ( and ia t ville («« gill of t the aboi fesied a in this ] men of l.lo bus! .ibout ti tliis poi titiiit'd. river, it beyond eiljre of of deep regular are but this cit through rcpairct This oil iStPPI RIVKR. pulallon 800. Stni?e» leave three jnta rt'gulnrly lor New Orleans. na, is a small village nearly nee above Virksburgli, ex- les. 'I'hi'y rise to the hight ly tlio finest scenery on tlie a hif^h state of cultivation, II tlu'ir appearance, en county, Mississippi, U J feet above tlie river, and •ns. It was settled in 1824 city in 18H6. This city is I'iie soil is exceedingly grain, cotton and tobacco, initially shipped from thia a court-house, 5 churches, >ublic and private schools. urn the river ; the location terraces on the sides of tlie c appearance. A railroad the state, forty-six miles, her road, thirteen niileo in a Brandon— cost, $100,000. this city with New Orleans, cities, via the great South- Georgiaf— with Cincinnati, til Galena and Chicago, via al roads — are all in course Mississippi, is a pleasant irgh. Ten county, Mississippi, is ity-five miles below Vicks- Isiana, is a small place, and itains but few dwellings. sh,Louisi,ina, ison the west low Carthage. It is a mere le State of Mississippi, and xty miles, flows south-west e for boats sixty inilvs. m ROTJTE OF THE MISSMSim RIVBB. 39 Grand Ciiiir, Claiborne county, Mississippi, is pleasantly located on Grand Gulf, which is nothing but a large bend in the river, a short distance below the mouth of Black river. It contains a public hall, theater, hospital, several churches, a Masonic hall, and a bank. Population, 1 ,0(((>. Steamboats arrive and depart daily, for New Orleans and other places on the Mississippi. Unyou Pierre empties into the Mississippi ten miles be- low Urand Gulf. Keel-boats can ascend it a-s tar as Port Gib- son, which is a flourishing town, about thirty miles from its mouth. It is the county-seat of Claiborne county, and contains a population of a,OU(l. BruinsburKll< Claiborne county, Mississippi, is a small plaee at the mouth of Bayou Pierre. St. Jo$«cpli, capital of Ten-as parish, Louisiana, is a small village on the west bank of the Mississippi. It contains a court hou.se and a number of stores. Population, 200. Uodliey, Jefferson county, Mississippi, is a pleasant little town, containing 12 stores and several good dwellings. Popu- lation, 500. rairchlld'n Creek, a small and unimportant stream, oniiities into the Mississippi a little above Nulclicz. Naichez, capital of Adams county, Mississippi, is built mostly on a high blulf, lu'ar two hundred feet above the river, and is the largest town in the State. It was founded by D'lber- ville (seenolp) in 1700. That portion of the city on the mar- gin of the river is termed " N.vtchez, indkb tiik hill," and was the abode of some of the most dissolute wretches that ever in- fested a city. Most of the heavy mercantile business is done ill this part of the town, and many of the stores are owned by iiitii of the highest respectability, who do a large and profita- l.le business. The upper town stands on a high bluff, or hill, about two hundred feet above the surface of the water. From this point, a fine view the surrounding country can be ob- tiiiiied. As far as the eye can reach, along the margin of the river, it beholds ricli and well cultivated plantations; while, beyond this, mingling with the blue mists that float along the edge of the horizon, nothing can be seen butalioundless waste of "deep and impenetrable swamps. The street* are generally regular and broad; the houses are built mostly of wood, and are but one story high. In 1840, a severe tornado swept over this city and destroyed a large amount of property. But through the benevolence of other cities, the damage was soon repaired — so that, now, scarce a vestige of its path remains. This city is one of the principal cotton porta on tJie Missis- -^s stB^Se:^*.' ^ ?^i;W**;"»**iiWW!6***'^ 40 ROUTE OF THE MI8BI88IPPI RIVER Bippi; the streets are often renders! impasspble by the piles of cotton liak'rt wiiiting to be shipp.d. The ei;y contains a large number of htoros, 3 chuiohes, 4 banks, ii hospital, an orphan nsvliini, 1 academy, a Masonic hall, and several steam saw mills. , • 1 v Natchez lias often been visited liy the yellow fever, which has taken oft' iiiaiiv of its best citiziiis. During' most of the year, however, it i-a very health v and pleasant phu-e of residence. It carries uu an extensive inland and foieif^n trade: many large vessels come up to tlie town, receive their fieiffht, and sail to foreign ports. Tlure are several largi- founderies here, which are extensively eML,'aged in making engines, cotton presses, and sugar mills, "ropidalion, 7,011(1, Steamboats arrive and depart daily, for New Orleans, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and all intermediate ports. Stages leave throe times a week for Jackson and St. Francisville. Note. D'Iberville, wliose name occupies a large ipace in the early hiitory «f onr conntry, and especially in those events which transpired on the lower Mifiii- sippi, was no ordinary man. He was a Canadian by birth, thongh his paranU came originally from Normandy. He possessed great coorage and resolution : in the midnight attack upon Schenectady-at Port Ne'son-at Newfoundland- am), lastly, at Hudson's Bay-he showed himself to be a man at well at a Christian. But no where did ha display himself to mora advantage, than in the discovery of the mouth of the Mississippi, the last great act in his event- ful life. He set sail for the Mississippi on the ITtl. of October, 1698, with two frigates, two small vessels, and about two hundred settlers. When they u- rived at the mouth, they found it greatly obslrucled by bars and floating drift. On the 2d of March, they succeeded in entering this mighty river in two small barges ; they probably proceeded as far as the month of Red river, and then returned, by way of the Bayou which boars his name, and Lakes Pontehar- train and Maurepas, to St. Louis Bay. After building a fort and leaving bli two brothers in command, he sailed for France. About thi. time, Henne- nin, under the patronage of William UI, of England, published a book, in which he falsely asserted that he had explored the Mississippi to its mouth. An expedition soon sailed from England to take advantage of this prueiided discovery. While one of the vessels was proceeding on her way up the riv«r, in search of a safe channel, they met DMberville's brother, who had been sounding the river a little below the present site of Now Orleans. Ho told the English Captain that he was on French Territory, and, unless he reuetiud, h« would be eompelled to use tlie force at his command to prevent their advance. The Englisls believing the statement true, turned back. The bend in which Uiis interview occurred is called Kngtuh Turn till this day. In December, 1899, U'lberville returned from Europe, with new plans of colonization. In company with his brother, he ascended this great river for the purpose of selecting a site for a town. When he arnved in the country of the Natchez, the tireal Sun, their principal chief, came out to welcome tlwm. IIPPI RIVER mpasspble by the piles of The ti;y contains a large ks, 11 hospital, an orphan , unJ several steam saw tie yellow fever, which has During most of the year, ■asiuit place of residence. foreii?n trade: many large Iheir freifflit, and sail to ri. foundeiies liere, which 'gines, cotton presses, aiid ily, for New Orleans, St. liate port«. Stages leave 5t. Francisville. ipsce in the early huterjr of our transpired on the lower Miiiii- iiiian by birth, Ihongh hi> psranU led great coorafe and reiolntion : Port Ne'son— at Newfoundland— ntelf to be a man at well ai a lelf to more advantage, than in 1, the last great act in hii event- a 17tli of October, 1698, with two inndred lettleri. When they at- ructed by ban and floating drift, ing this mighty river in two small e month of Red river, and then hit name, and Lakes Pontchar- r building a Tort and leaving hit ranee. About this time, Henne- r England, pnblished a boolc, in >red the Mississippi to its month. take advantage of this prtiended oceeding on her way np the riv«t, )erville'» brother, who had been lite of New Orleans. He told the itory, and, unlets he reueaud, he ommand to prevent their advance. urned back. The bend in which urn till this day. from Europe, with new pl-ins of , he ascended this great river for When he arrived in the country of hirf, came out to welcome tlwin. ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 41 A Wgh bluff, on which Natchez now stands, was selected, and ""'^ «» »' * in honor of the Counle., I'ont.bHrlrain. The fort, however, wa. not bnilt till r ,, .?„eln V..- r. alter the ,.lec,.„n of the .,le. Up to this t.m. uo perma- l;|,;\e..leu,e„t ..»,> b,e„ ma.le a. .Na.che.. The few trader, and hunter, who 1,,,; lakpu up their nho.le animi!: the !n,llnu», did not attempt to form a sellle- „;.nt Hut , titer the .omplelion of the fort, the ti.le of emigration poured in to rapidbi"'-'''"""" ''*'■'"""""' most iniporinnt place in Louisiana. Viflsilia, Concordia parish, Louisiana, is .i small place, MU.aicd oMtlie Mi.-sis.sii,i>i. opposite Nat.hez. It i- the county- >riii, ami contains a court house and a small number ol awell- " i]lli«« riiffs is a high ridgo on the east side of the Missis- sippi, about tw.ntv miles b.low Natchez. They extend for several miles alon-'tho river, and tend to relieve the eye of the luw and monotonous scenery of tlie lower Mississippi. rairvieu", Concordia parish, Louisiana, is a small town on the west side of the Mississippi, a short distance below ^" llomochitto Bivcr rises in Mississippi and flows west into the Mississippi, twenty-si.\ miles below LUis clitfe. It is only a small stream, and not navigable. Port AdUlUM, Wilkinson county, Mississippi, is a small ,„wn on the river, and is considered the port of ^""dv.lle a tluiving town, a sliort distame in the interior. Population, 3U0. Note. WOOmnLLE, capital of Wilkinson county, Missit.ippi, it sitnated in the .„„th.we,tern part of the Slate, eighteen miles from the river It is a neat an,l flourishing town, containing a court house, market house, bank, and sev. „al chtm^hes. It it connected with St. Francisville by a railroad. Popnla- lion, 1,500. Ked Biver rises near the base of the Rocky Mountains, in the mountainous region of north-west Texas. After pursu- inir an ea.sterly course of fifteen hundred miles, it empties into tlie Mississippi. It receives in its course the waters "f several rivers the largest of which are the Blue river and False \S a- sliita or Rio Negro. After leaving the mountains, it flows tliroiiKh extensive prairies of rich, red soil, wliich impart their oulor to the water. From this circumstance it received the name of Red river. The margin of the river is ^"^'t^!'^ inanv places, with fine vines, winch arc loaded with rich fruits. The bottoms on this river are from one to ten miles wide, and ■ire well timbered with willow, locust, cotton- wood, pawpaw and buckeye. On the uplands, elm, ash, hickory, mulberry and black-walnut grow in great abundance. 42 R0UT8 OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIV5.R. About one hundred miles al>i)ve Natcliitnrhes, cotnmencejf what is terincd the " Great Haft." It consists of fallen trees and j drift for seventy miles, and, by dainniintj up the waters, causes | the river to expand to the width of near twenty miles. In some places soil has collected \ipou it, and willows have taken root. ft was so cemented to!,'etlier that horses and cattle have passed over it in safely. The United States jrovernnicnt has cut away, at .rreat expense, a large porticm of this, for the purpose of niali- ill'" a safe steamboat .-liannel through it ; but it appears to ac- cuniulate as fast as it is removed. Alonp the river the trees grow very tall and thick ; in some places their blanches nearly meet across the stream. • > , r Above the raft, the river is wide and deep, and navigable for several hundred miles. A few miles below Natchitoches, the river divides into a number of channels, and extends over a larire tract of countrv, filling numerous small lakes. The hot- toiii land along the river is very fertile, producing corn, cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane, in great alnindance If the navigation of this river could be permanently opened, the fertile lands that now lie in waste would soon be under cultivation ; and boats, laden with the rich products common to the West and South- west, would glide smoothly along its reddened waters, to the great commercial depot of the South. 8UREVEP0UT, capital of Cadilo parish, Louisiana, if situated near the Iwundary of the state, on the south side of Red river, Ave hundred inU« ahoTo New Orleans. It lontaina a rourtrhouse, 2 rhurchps and several atorci. This place is improving rapidly. The spirit of progress has rcacJied Shreve- port also: and a railroad from Vicksburgh to Texas, to pass. through here.li now under contract. Population, 2,500. NATCHITOCHES, Natcliitoches pariih, Loni»inna, ia sitnalnl on Had titer, alioul eiglily miles above Alexaniiria. Il wai first leitled by the French, under a grant to St. IJenis, wlio, in 17i;i, eslahlished a Irading post here. In naS, it was BttnuHed by tlie Nntohez Indians, wlio had l)een driven from tiieif owii'connlry, after the great massacre of tlie iiSth of November, 1729. After a liard fonglit battle, whioli lasted several hours, the Imlians were repnised, leavin" ninetv-two of their bravest warriors on tlie Held. Willi this battle ends the existence of the Natchei as a distinct nation. Those who wtorei. it of progress bus roacjied Shrevfr to Texai, to pass, through here,ii Loniiisna, la sitnateii on Rad tlver, ll wai first leitleil by the Ftench, italilished a Irailing post here. In >s, who had heen driven from their le '.'gth of November, 1720. Alter hours, the Iiulians were repnised, rs on tlie field. VViih tliit battle net nation. Those who wsipp. ...akes qu.toa lu" bend, leaving a v.rv narrow .strip ol laud between, tap- 7 SI r';-e, of lb. I'u.ted States KMgi-.eers, cut a chanttel ■ cross this beiid, which, up..n adu..lt.ng the Nvaters .soon l.e- came sufficiently wide and' deep to allow the largest boate to pass with ease. Note. From this point, the waters of Iho Mississippi no longer flow in one regular cllri. but'sepa'ruong into a number of branches or bayous, they wend he r J tl,u.d,v>d.nglbe.oulbernp«rtorthe t.'••/''"'"'>•|■'' f,„m its resemblance to the Greek leuer A ('''"")• This land i. frequent y in- undated, and amu.nts to several thousan.l square miles. To prevent those ovetllows as mucli as possible, embankments have been thrown up along th« „«er called the lei'ti. On the east side, the embankment commences about sixtv' miles above New Orleans, a.id extends for near one hundred and thirty miles ; on the west side it begins at Point Coupee, one hundred and seventy, two mile, above Now Orleans. From this point down to New Orleans, th. river is lined witli beautiful plantation., upon which are many fine and costly residences. They have narrow fronts on the river, ornamented with be.iutll«l flowers and .hrubbery, but extend back into the interior for several mile.. The whole ha. the appearance of a town, extending along the margin of the river. Wtea River Landing, Point Coupee parish, Louisiana, is a small place, where those going up Red river usually stop. It contains but few houses, and is of but little importance. Kitrcourci Bend.— The cm of here, was made about three years ago, by order of the State. The distance by the TZ chnnnef is near thirty miles_by the cut-off it is only about half a mile. The width of the cliannel is four hundred yards, and sutticiently deep to adi..it the largest boats. 'runirn Bend is a large bend a few miles below. Islana number 122 is in the lower part of this bend. Bayou Sara, West Felictana, Louisiana, is a noted place 44 ROUTE OP THE MISSISSIPPI RIVFI. for shipping cotton. It is in the midst of :v thickly settled and well cultivati'.! country, n short distance fioni St. Francisville. SI. FrailclMVlllt', capital of West Feliciana parish, is a pleasant place, Iwiug built mostly on a liill, about one mile from the river. It is connected with Woodville, a distance o( twenty-eight miles, by a railroad. That portion of the town that stands oi» the hill is well built, and contains several fine houses. Along tlic margin of the river, tliere are a number of large ware-houses, from which a large amount of cotton is an- nually shipped. Population, 5(M). roillt 4:oiip«V, cai)ital of Point Coupee parish, Louisi- ana, is on tlu! Mississijipi, opposite St. l-'rancisville. It is a settlement of wealthy planters, mostly French, and extends for several miles along the river. At this place, the Grand Letit or embankment commences. This embankment was made to protect the plantations along the river against the frequenl overflows. A few years since the high water broke the levee at Coupee to such an extent as to threaten the neighboring . plantations, for miles below, with complete inundation. The i tendency of lower Mississippi to seek new channels to the 3 Gulf, has been apparent for a long time. The cut-olfs that have been made above, though they have shortened the distance sev- eral miles, have, by giving the water a more direct course, greatly increased its rapidi'y, volume.and pressure against its banks. This is no doubt the cause of the crevasse, which has often been the means of destroying entire plantations, and || burying villages in water. The land on the river, from this ^ point to the Gulf, is, with few e.xceptions, below the surface of the water, even at its ordinary stage. From this and other cir- cumstances, it appears that the whole of this lower country, was once either a great lake, or an arm of the sea, which has become filled up by the iiumeiibe and rapid deposits of the Mississippi. . . Waterloo, Point Coupee parish, Louisiana, is situated on the Mississippi, at the outlet of False river. It is a hand-^rae settlement, surrounded by rich and beautiful plantations. Pop- ulation, 20(». ,„...., „ Tlioiupson's Ct'eck enters the Mississippi from tho cast, a short distance above Port Hudson. Xo«e. JACKS'IN, K«»t Felician* pari»li, Louisiiina, ii limnted on the cast nit of Thompion'i creek, about twelve milei from St. Francisville. It i> lh« •eat of Louisiana College, founded in 1683, which hsi an able facnlly of 9 profeiioit, over 100 itudenH, and abont 2,000 volnmei in its lihrarie*. The annnal commencement ii on the firit Wednejday in June. The town con- Mini ieveral chnrohei, 3 aoademiei, and a population of 1,000. l»o Slllilll built river, railroi '111 river, Bti [ssippi Rivri. BOUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 45 idst of :\ tliifkly settled and \ aiice fioni St. t'ranoisville. WcHt Feliciana parish, is s r on a liill, about one mile h Woodvillf, a distance of That portion of the town t, and contains several fine •ivrr, tliure are a number of rge amount of cotton is an- oint Couppe parish, Louisi- to St. Francisvillf. It is a stlv French, and extends for this place, tlic Grand Lettt i embankment was made to river against the frequent ' high ■water broke the levee to tlireatcn the neighboring complete inundation. The j ) seek new channels to the time. The cnt-olfs that have e shortened tlie distance sev- water a more direct course, ime.and pressure against its ie of the crevassf, which has inj; entire plantations, and ;and on the river, from this options, below the surface of Efo. From this and other cir- ihole of this lower country, 1 arm of the sea, which has e and rapid deposits of the rish, Louisiana, is situated on ulse river. It is a handsomt j beautiful plantations. Pop- ers the Mississippi from the ludsou. iiiiinai i> litiiRted on the catt (iiit et from St. Franciiville. It i> th< ^33, which hni an abl* facnlly of 9 2,000 volumei in its lihratie*. Tht idnetilajr in Jnne. The town «on- a population of 1,000. Port Hudson. Eii-st Feliciana parish, Louisiana, is a Mnall i.lacn on the east bank of the Mississim.i. 1 h'M''"e<; '» built on White Cliffs, which rise a short- distance above the river. It is connected with Clinton, a small iulnnd town, by railroad. ^ y. i e *i,« 'Ihomns'S Point is situated in an acute bend oi me river, tliirteen miles below Port Hudson. ^ . . , . lluton If OllgC, the present capital of Louisiana and seat of justice for East liaton tlouge parish, is pleasantlv s.""a';;Ollill«l'»iOlll ill«*« A8consir>n jinrish, I.oni.siana, is just below Ihi' nioulh of l)i(! U.iyou La Fourche, and was foriiiurly thf cii|)ital of llie Stale. It in now the capital of the parish, and lonUiins a court liouse, several churches and aeaueiiiies, and a land otHce. Since the rcTnoval of the capital, this town has somewhat declined. It is a place of considerable wealth and trade, and is the most important town near New Orleans. Population, 1,'Jlin. Jellvi'!!«on CollCHfC, founded in 1 8^1, is a thriving in- stitution, sixteen miles below Donald.Minville. Bl'illKcrS. St. James pari.'-h, Louisiana, is on the south side of the Missi.ssijipi. It contains a court house and a num- ber of dwellings, located nio>tly on tlie river. Bonnet 4iuai'r<' <'hui'<'h, St. .lames Parish, Louisi- nna, is on the Mi.ssi8>ippi, twiiily four miles below Bringers. It is merely a church Willi a few planlers' residences around it, Red Cliuixh, St. John the Ilaptist parish, Louisiana, is on the east side of the river. This, also, is merely a church, Burrounded by a iine .settlement of jilaiiters. 4'nri'OlltOn, Jefferson parish, Louisiana, is a flourishing town, situated on the Missis-sippi, seven miles above New Or- leans, with which it is conneited.hy a railroad tliat runs to the center of the city. This is the residence of many merchants, ■who pa.ss to and from the city upon the cars, which run cv.^ry few minutes, duii'ig the day and evening. The CarrolUon Oardena are much admired f)y all who visit them. They are public, and laid out with great taste, having a hotel attaelied whieh provides visitors wiih exctlh-nt ...commodatioiis. Hun- dreds of visitors, both young and old, come up daily from the city, during the summer months, to spend a few hours in the quiet shades of this delightful spot. Here you can amuse yourself in a variety of ways: you will see flowers, shrubbery, vines ami fruits, of almost every variety ; while birds of the richest plumage will enchant the ear with the sweetness of their music. After leaving the dust and bustle of such a city as New Orleans, and coming to a place like this, one would almost fancy himself in the gardens of I'aradise, listening to that unwriiie.n music which comes from the spirit-voices of the dead. liafayeite City, capital of Jcflerson parish, Louisiana, is but a continuation of New Orleans, though it is under a I '-'■•r*? "? ^ i i \ < i. ^ ^ s \' W f^**' ROUTK OF THE MlSBIBSlPri BIVER. 47 D to the Gulf. It 18 very no of 'he riclicRt plniitors most of the year for a dis- |)ariHli, Louisiana, is just ?\iurc'he, aiul was formerly the capital of the parish, cliurclies and acaueiiiies, .1 of the capital, this town ice of considerable wealth t town near New Orleans. in IdHI, is a thriving in- dsouville. Louisiana, ifl on the Bouth > a court house and a uuni- tlie river. Sf. .lames Parish, Louisi- 'i)\ir miles below Bringers. nters' re-^idi'iices around it. iptist parish. Louisiana, is ;, also, is merely a church, )laiiters. Louisiana, is a flourishing i'veu miles above New Or- ' a railroad tlint runs to the idenco of many merchants, tiie cars, which run ev.^ry evening. The CarrolUon who visit them. They are e, having a hotel attadied lit ...conirnodatinns. Hun- Id, come up daily from the spend a few hours in the lot. Here you can amuse will see flowers, shrubbery, ariely ; while birds of the ear wilh the sweetness of ] and bustle of such a city place like this, one would IS of I'aradise, listening to rom the spirit-voices of the tefferson parish, Louisiana, eans, though it is under a si'paral'' govi-rniiH'iit. It contains a court house and other couutv builditiu;s, several churches and a market house. Tlin railri'iid leadinu' from New Orleans to Cariolltoii. passes, in Naidcs sliccl. tliiniigli this city. A steam ferry is constantly niniiiiig from tlii- to the opposite shore, while another one runs to New Orleans, a dislaiice of two miles. Most of the Hat- boats, bound for New Orleans, land at I,afayelte. It contains 3 academies and 4 sclioids. r.ifiuhitiou. .^i.nill). mew OBLBAKS FROM THE UIBSISBIFFI. - NftW OrI«nns. Orleans parish. Louisiana, is situated on the Mississippi river, near the southern extremity of the Mis- sissippi vallev. in 129-' 57' north latitude and aU" 7' west lon(i;i- tude. It is tf»e great commercial eapitid of the South, and is, by tiie river, .ab-iut one luindred miles from the Gulf. New OVleans is the s.at of justice for Orleans parish, and was, until reciMitlv, the capital of the State. This city is built on a low strip o'f niarshv land Iving between Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi' river, tlie ground gradually falls back toward the lake, aniw ol the gen- rrM .-..vciMin-nt. Tli.> ficM iiiiMii.'ipiaitv ,..-imii.i.-s IIi.^ cnttT nii.irxl.M.ls IV,,.n \hr liver I.. Lake I'uiil.h.irtram. I hesicoiiU ..nihia.cs Ihi' tipiHT nan .,f iho lity, and tlic lliird, thu lower. Tlie Car.md. let. cr ..Id eanai, is in the lir-t nuinicii>alily. I hm canal rnns in a line with Orleans street, the center Mreet of tliu citv to Itavou St. John. The canal is ahont two i.nleH Ion;,', nnd'iron, Vent v five to thirty feet in width, and from four to heven f.rt ,m depth. The ba«ir. >* in tin, tenter of the city, in^ar the i:athofie cemetery. It is about five ni.le^ from the canal, down the bavon, to its junction with Lake I'niiteliartrain, where there is a laV '!»'" "l""" three-ciuarteis of a mile in extent; at the extremity, there is a li«hl liouso, from which vessels eommence their voyages to various parts of the world. By this CHtial, is brought cotton, tobacco, lumber, wood, lime, brick, pitch, bark, sand, oysters and produce, to the Aew Ur- leans markets. There is another canal running throu({h t he city to the lake, which does a \ary;e amount of business. Ihe New Orleans and La Fourclie canal extends through A giers to ISavoii Ln Fourche, a distance of eii,'h: v live miles. 1 Iws is ft very imporlanl work, as it brings in communication with «ew Orleans! some of the richest agricultural portions of the btato. There arc four railroads in tliis city : tlii' Orleans and Carrol - ton ruihoad, wliich runs through most of the secoml mumcipal- itv to CairoUt- of the State. : the Orleans and Carroll- st of the second municipal- niilcH ; the New Orleans river, in the lower part of L'liarlrain, a distance of six lith a line of .-nperb steam iike INmtchartriiin, to Mo- dcaii Gulf Railway, which Pontchartrain road, at the lood Children streets, and ..ake Korgiie, a distance of continue this road to the 1 Lake liorgne is fifty cents istruction to Jackson, Miss, e, making a direct eommu- loiul is the pride of New 1 runs along side of the new vhite sea-shells, which soon er. It presents a beautiful rlor floor, iaus arc act numerous, cod- route OF THK MISSISSIPPI RIVKR. .IderinR the .ize and importance of the place. St. Charle., hotel.' ^ At in l-'tt; is one of he finest bnil.l.n-s ,n the city. It is sit- ^ IV::,. si Ci;.;;:^ Mnet.at.l ex,e,,ds r-.n .iravu. ... ..™ Ifr....! It is built of freest. me. and, in anhiti eture, r..-imi)ies WCap ori; Was,.i,„tei.. The Venuulah at .I;;! ;-;;"- S I'l.arles ami (.'..mmon streets, is another hne bnildinsf. U r„.tiv.. Ill its ariKearance. The new Hall ot the setond muiii pal tv 01 e of In-t sple.nlid buil.lin.'s in the city. 1 he S iLIf fine white marble' The n.^ ^~ "";;; ^ ^ the larL'est buildings of the kind m the Linon. U is ""''^ "» twE'^glnnd^ranUe, which is broufedit in vessels ^^r^^^^^^^^^^^^ In fact, most of the buildi.i,' .^t''''^- .r*^' ''j^^VVlX^ ,^^^^^^^ Hoslo.iai.d other eastern cities 1 he V' '':;l^*^^r 'n n^ Mint is a lar-e e.litiee of the Ionic order \^^o ,''"'';;;''•'' Ihtytwo feJl long and on., hundred and MX.V-ei^ht ee d tp. The Catholic Cathedral is also a large ">'J/P'''''f .^i^^"; ,t ff The United Slates Marine Hospital is on he "P »« '^ *''^ °' the river It consists of a large main building with t^^o wings, isH.n pianieu ro Office on Roval street, u short distance Xv^V^rSe? il: well conaucted and j.,jajly^.;e o the host arranged offices in the country. Ihe 'J'''\e.^."y o« Loui^fna wLiunded in 1H:.5 and has ^^l^ has 7 profes the corner of Common and Philippe streets. It has 7 proles sors^nd 40 students. There are departments of medicine, law, rolitioal economy, and commerce, with able professors in each^ C annual ectur'S commence on the 20th of November. New Odtans has quite a number of excellent public schools, in which several ihouiand chil.lren daily receive instruction. The cemeteries of New Orleans attract considerable notice. On account of the niarshv »^ '•'inealtb? season. The population at this season is about 200,000, while in July, August, and September, it does not exceed IIO.OOJ. The situation of this citv for commerce, is not surpassed by any in the Union. The Mississippi and its tributaries, alone, afford at least ten thousand miles of steam navigai ion, which, independent of the communication with the ocean, would soon build up a great commercial city. And when the systeni ot railroads now projected, and in progress of construction, bhall be completed, connecting this ci'ty with the North, North-cast, and East, as well as with Texas on the west, by direct overland communication, great as is the amount of its present commerce it must be increased to an extent that must be witnessed to be ascreditcd. , , , n. r w_«r The exports of New Orleans are nearly equal to those of Be'R York, while the imports are much less. It is the third city in tlie Uaited States in population, and the second in commerce g, \ 3IPPI RIVK?.. ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI IIIVKR. 51 'vailis iiere, to a considera- graves of departed friends. about the f,naves, and cut V aiTiUi!;i'd around, and re- ilioy wore jdaoed on a par- liiii;; can be seen the pleas- iither or a husband, a wife to these receptacles of the ■ flower (frail memento of whom they loved, ivex sliore of a large bend loon ; for this reason it is :ity proper contains sixty- rroiit of three hundred and w exceptions, are less than consists mostly of French, an find men here from al- rld, dressed in the fashir.ns uage of their own country, e of New Orleans, and de- juisiana. It increased but icd one hundred cabins, a d inhabitants. In 1769, it r ; in 1788, a disastrous fire lear one thousand houses ; ito American hands, since ivancing in commerce and Orleans is done mostly be- June, which is the healthy son is about 200,000, while iocs not exceed 1 ''.0,000. merce, is not surpassed by and its tributaries, alone, f Bteatn navigaiion, which, »'ith the ocean, would soon And when the system of gress of construction, bhall with the North, North-east, the west, by direct overland Hiit of its present commerce at must be witnessed to be learly equal to those of New ess. It is the third city in id the second in commerce The exports and imports amcnt to nearly $n5,000,000-a lit- t.e short of the whl)le foreign commerce of tlie country a few •"Therfi'ra regular line of steam packets plying between New Orleans and Galveston, Texas, wl.ich is about four hunared and fifty nilos distant. Packets n.n, also, regulatiy to all the^At- lamic cities, Mexico, and South An.er.ca. /<-;>mboats .start daily for St. Louis. Louisville, Cincinnati, and Pittsburgh, and all intermediate ports. MAP OF THE VICINITY OF NEW ORLEANS. Much has been urged against the morality of New Orleans. Th^originu? settlers ff thif city were fo-ig"f «• «"-»'? ^J^f-J^J; whose fd eas of religious duties, thoug h widely differing from * 8«e De Bow'i Comm.rctal RbtUw for Juno, 1860. i 1 itr" 52 ROUTE or THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. ours, did not npcpfsnrily make them an imm'.ral people They had eviT lieen aocuston'icil at lioiiic to look iiixm the Sabbath as a hoi d!i\ , after niorniiiu' service— a day oC relaxation and en- ioyniPUt ■ these oustonis thev bore with tlietii lo their new home, and their' deseendanls still continue them— and m a city where the iiopnlation is made uj) ol' natives from every quarter of the idobe, many of them of the most vicious class, it n; not to bo wondered at that much inimoralilv should exiM : which of our cities is free from i( ? Yet iho police arrangements ol New Or- leans are acknowleds^ed as the most coinpl.lc in the Union ; and the perfect quiet and order which pervade its streets at nif,'ht, are quite in contrast with manv iniu-.' moral cities that might be named. In point of pul>lic charitv, it may challenjje com- parison with any other city in tlie world. Numerous hospitals, public and private, aflord c, and ol the circum- stances connected with it, it will be necessary to go back a few years, and take up the history in regular order. In 175!), Creat lirilain had over-run most of the province of New France, and obtained possession of tiuebec, Ticonderog. Crown Point and Niasrara. During this war. Spam had for.u. (1 a family compact with France, and taken sides against bn land. In ITt.S.-hostilities ceased between the thiec powc^,- and peace was restored by the ratification of the treaty of Pa ris dated Kebrnarv lOth, I7(i3. By this treaty, England ob- tained possession of Canada and all tlie post.s along the ht. Lawrence. France al-o ceded to her all of that portion ot Louisiana, extending from the source of the Mississippi, on the east side, to the mouth of the Cayou Iberville; thence, along the bayou, to Lake Maurepps; thence, along the center of Uie lakes, to the Gulf of Mexico, including the port and river ot Mobile. The navigation of the Mississippi was to remain for- ever free to both powers. At the same time, the French king formed a secret treaty with Spain, by which he agreed to deliver ' to the Spanish government the remainder of Louisiana, iiiclud- in- the Island of New Orleans. Thus ends, for a time, tlie iuHsdiction of France in America. Two or three years elapsed before Spain took possession of this valuable territory lUe French population were very much dissatisfied at the chang'i; and, in orSer to prevent an outbreak, it was deenied necessary to keep a large military force constantly at New Orleans. 1 h» ,B«?im the conquest of the count r v. 1 his sus- pension of trade brought the people "f .^)7, 0'''-'''"^°",, '^" ■erg..' of famine. Aecordinglv, to modify the evil without fuUv removing the cause. Morales issued an order, that western .Jile might have the privilege of sending flour into the tern- lory, provided liny paid a duty of six per cent, ad ca/or»m and shipped it in Spanish ves,sels. but the Americans respectlully dcc'lined lo nvkil themselves of the privileges of this order. The King, however, so tar revoked the acts of Morales, as to again restore, in l«ii:i, the five navigation of tiio river, and the ri^'ht to deposit at New Orleans. , „ t^ i After th'e overthrow of the Bourbon dynasty, the French people began to cast their eys, for the first time, over the grejit lestern ocean to their brethren ,n Louisiana, who ^'Hl «™ suffering for so manv years under tlie galling yoke ot Spanish t V anny Accordingly, on the 1st of October. 1>U( , he K.n|; of Spain formed a see'rel treaty with the First Consul, by which lie agreed to deliver, within six months, the province ot Louis- i na'to the French authorities. In consideration of this act of ■ -^nish generosity, the French established on the throne of i i.scanv. the Frinio of Farma, son-in-law ot tlie King of Spain, i'iapoleon now began lo make extensive preparations to extend his authority over this rich and valuable territory. A large fleet and an army of twenty-five thousand men ^vere soon ready to sail for the Mississippi. After spending « Jf a^ n Iho various ports of Holland, continually watched by the Liiglisli, Napoleon determined to abandon the enterprises and transfer, if possible, the territory to the United State., Near the c oso of the year lbU2,he directed his minister, M. 'J alleyrand, to open negotiations with Mr. Livingston, United States minister at, Paris While this correspondence was ?oing on. Mr- J'^^""'^- son,then President, deeming the P0S8ess'°'^"f.New Orleans and Florida of vast importance to tho whole Union, sent over Mr Monroe, with instructions to make some arrangement, it possible, for its purchase. W^ien Mr. Monroe arr.ve,r m Paris L was somewhat surprised to find Napoleon so willing to part with Louisiana. His willingness, however was he result of necessity, as it must soon have passed luto the hands of Oreat W £4 ROCTK OF THE MISSISSII'PI KIVKK. Britain, lirid he not 8oia it to tho United States The only thing tluMi lor tlie American Couiinissioners to arrange, was to fix tile prico to lie jmi:!. Napoleon wuntftd 125,00lt,(IO0 I'mncs ; bnt the <-ouiniiasioiier.s, thinking' it l)y fur too high, offered only 50 nOd 000. Alter some time spent in consideration, they agreed, on' their own responsibility, to pay 80,0(K»,000. Their course was fully approved hv tlie President and his Cabinet, and contirnied by the Senate of" tlio United States. On the 20th of December, 1603, the Provineo of Louieiana was officially delivered over to the conslituto.l authorities of the Unitc.l States.* Thus was a vast cmiiiru won for freedom, without saoriticing a drop of human The Spanish tJovorBment were very much displeased at this transfer of Louisiana, but liually, in lb04, beoaino reconciled. Spain, however, still retained possession of Florida tUl lb20, when it was purchased by the United States. Immediately after Ibe United States obtained possession of Louisiana, it was formed into a territorial govcrnm.'nt ; not, however, on quite as liberal principles us the people anticipated. The Governor hud tho appointment of the Legislative Coniicil, which was to consist of thirteen of the ablest men in the Territory. In 1811, the people were authorized by Congress, to form a slate constitution ; and iu 1812, Louisiana was admitted into the Union, with full privi- leges, as a sister state of this Great Western Republic. In 1812, war was declared between England and tho United States, and the British Ministry resolved, if possible, to possess themselves of Orleans, aud thereby control tho entire navigation of the Mis- sissippi. New Orleans was in imminent danger ; the city was ^without defenses, and the Spaniards, at Mobile and IVnsucola, were ready to receive a British army with open arms. This state of things, wus repeatedly urged upon tho consideration of the President and his Cabinet, but nothing wus done, till the arrival of General Jackson, in the autumn of lbl4. Had the different passes on the Gulf been properly guarded, and forts built, as recommended by General Wilkinson, the British army would never have fouiul their way to the " I'laiiis of Chalmetle." They would have gone to rest beneath tho waves of the ocean, without effecting a lauding on tho coast. But this was not tho caso ; Louisiana wus soon called upon, to check the advance of a powerful British urmy, who udojiled for their watchword " Booty and Beauty;" an army, who weje well clothed, and provided with everything ; while" her own feeble little band, were destitute of almost every necessary of life. Aud had it not been for the * So« American SUto Papers. Also, Martin'i Ldoisiaua. iiiitrioti with cl of the On 1 iippeari L'otnm observi advanc force gallunt pelled six kil not ha Gou city, f about, comin sary t This I an En inipos consci Judge sun 01 tlie G by C( "On Kean venu, Span; suppi try w the I attac whol the E Garo ordei givei by a wan Jack surp even ueai PI RIVER. 1 States The only thing a to arrange, wiis to fix 1 125,()0lt,(IOO I'mncs ; hut r too high, offered only lonsiderution, they ugreed, 110,000. Their co'ursc was is Cahinet, and confirmed )n the 20th of Decenihcr, fficially delivered over to teil States.* Thus was a loriticing a drop of human y much displeased at this 1«(I4, heouino reconciled, ion of Florida till lt20, ritates. Immediately after f Louisiana, it was formed wever, on quite as liheral The Governor had the il, which was to consist of itory. In 1811, the people 1 a tilate constitution ; nnd the Union, with full privi- estcrn Kepul)lic. In 1812, ind the United States, and il)le, to possess themselves itiro navigation of the Mis- iient danger ; the city was at Mobile and I'ensacola, irith open arms. This state n the consideration of the ig was done, till the arrival )f l!S14. Had the difForcnt ;uarded, and forts built, as I, the British army would "laiiis nf Ghalmette.' ' They waves of the ocean, without Jut this was not the caso ; a check the advance of a "or their watchword " Booty well clothed, nnd provided lie little band, were destitute ^nd hud it not boon for the so, Martin't Looiaiana. UOUTE OF THE MlSSISSim RIVER. patriotism of the ladies of New Orleans, who supplied the army with clothing, they must all liavo perished from the inclemency "^On^thrlm of December, 1814, the British fleet macle their iinocarance off Ci'.t Island, near the entrance of lake Borgne. Kodore Pattersou dispatched a flotilla of Ave gun-boaU to observe the movements of the enemy, and check if possible, his advance. On the 14th, the boats were atfjicked by a superior force of forty-three barges, and twelve hundred men, and after a eallant struggle of one hour, they were overpowered and com- pelled to surrender. In this engagement, the Americans lost bu ix killed and thirty-five wounded, while the British loss could not have been less than three hundred in killed am wounded. General Jackson, on reviewing the militia and defenses of the city, found that there were a large number of persons wandering about, who were entirely indifForent as to the final is.sue of the coming contest. For this, nnd other reasons, he .leeme.l i neces- .ary to proclaim martial law, which no doubt saved the city. This measure was very much opposed at the time. Ju^ge «« '' an Englishman by birth, took npon himself tl^''/'"''!'''"^',';'" / ° impose upon the' General, after the battle, a fine <>/ $l"0«- " consequence of the suspension of the habeas corims act. The Judge undertook to interfere with the military arrests, and Jac». on ordered him beyond the limits of the camp. This hue, which the General promptly paid from his own resources was refunded bv Congress with interest, a short time belore his death. On the 22d, a division of the British army, under General Keane, succeeded in passing from lake Borgne into Bayou Bleu- venu.;hich extends nearly to the Mississippi, by tl'e «-J <> 0"« Spanish fishermen, whom they employed as guides. I ho Hrit ish, supposing themselves perfectly secnre, and that the whole coun- trv would soon fall into their hands, concluded to encamp near the banks of the river. The American general determnied to attack them in their new position. Ho accordingly collected his whole force, which was less than 2,000, and marched to attack Ue English, who were not less than 3,000 strong. '1 he schooner l^^ro^Ue and the Louisiana, were sent down the "ver, with ordere to commence the attack when the proper signal «l'0'.hl 'e given. The action commenced at half-past seven in the evening, by a heavy discharge of grape and cannister, which was the hrst warning the enemy had of the approach of the American army. Jackson commanded here in person ; and so complete was the nrprise of the enemy, that hundreds were «="V. °:'R:iadi lost even an opportunity of oflering any resistance. 1 he Britisli lost near four hundred, Itt killed, wounded, and prUoners. 66 ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER General Jackson fell back within five or si.v miles of the city; where lie coiunieiiced forlilying liiniscif on u nurrow strip of laud, Iviiii; belwe.Mi it low »w«m|' »>»' •!"" f'^er. 'I'he General deter- mined to build a Ijreastwork of eolton-'lniles and earth, extending from the swamp to the river, a distance of nearly a mile. He accordingly ordered all the drays and wagons in the city, to com- mence hauling the cotton from the warehouse!*; which orders they were compelled to obey, at the peril of their lives. The front of this cotton breastwork was protected by a deep ditch, hlled with water. On the 2bth, a skirmish occurred a short distance from the American lines, which lasted several hours ; in this the English lost about two hundred and fifty, and the Americans only seveii^* The British army under Packingham, encamped near the American lines, waiting several days for reinforcements. 1 ha Americans numbered six thousand, and the British hfteen thou- sand At length the anxious night of the 7tli had passed away, mid the dawn of the glorious 8lli, had just shed its mellow light on the extended lines of the two reposing armies. Packingham, after sending eight hundred of his men, under Colonel 1 liorton, ou the opposite sine of the river, arranged the remainder ol h" a"ny into two divisions, of sixty deep; the right under Oeiieral Gibbs, and the left under General Keane. The Knglish moved slowly to the attack ; but when within a short distance, the batteries along the American lines opened upon them such a destructive fire, that their ranks were broken almost us fast as they wore closed up. Hut when they came within reach of the muskets, the wholo American line opened upon them such a discharge of musketry, that they soon retired in confusion from the field. Packingham was killed in front of his troops, endeavoring to encourage them by his presence. The officers succeeded in bringing the troops to a second attack, but this was even more disastrous than the first. They soon gave way, leaving more than a,OUO lying on the field The American loss was only seven killed and six wounded. The battle of New Orleans, one of the most important in the history of our country, was the closing scene of the war of 1812. This war cost the United States near $75,000,000, and the lives of several thousand of her best troops. The loss to England was immense ; in her Louisiana campaign alone, she lost at least five thousand men, besides a very large amount of military and naval stores. Notwithstanding this heavy loss of the United btates, Uie war of Ibia was no doubt a good thing for the country, as it cave greater security to our commerce, and established throughout the world a name and influence that even England herself feum. • S** Breckmrldge' Hlitory of the War. I ftlSli** "^T^rr^jC^TT*:' SIPPI RIVER ifo or b\\ miles of the city; If oil a iiurrow strip of liiiid, river. 'I'lie (ieiicrul detcr- ilnilcs mid eurtli, extending lice of neiirly u mile. He wugoiia ill llie city, to coiii- reliouses; wliicli orders they )f their lives. The front of by a deep ditcli, tilled with red a short distance from the hours ; in this the English the Americans only seven.* ghani, encamped near the ■s for reinforcements. The md the British fifteen thou- if the 7 til had passed away, d just shed its mellow light osing armies. Packingham, II, under Colonel Thorton, on id the remainder of his army s right under General Gibbs, ,'ho Knglish moved slowly to distance, the batteries along II such a destructive tiro, that fast as they wore closed up. of the muskets, the whole ich a discharge of musketry, from the field. Packingham Jeavoring to encourage them ceded in bringing the troops en more disastrous than the more than a.OUO lying on the ieveii killed and six wounded, of the most important in the ing scene of the war of 1812. ur $75,000,000, and the lives [)s. The loss to England was gn alone, she lost at least five amount of military and naval loss of the United States, tlie thing for the country, as it ce, and established throughout it even England herself feani. ROUTE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVEB. 67 ;ory of the W»r. ■(K.l.ii*** The battle of New Orleans, was fought after the signing of .kJ treatv of peace ; yet both partie.s were entirely ignorant of T- as uWh 1*^0 offichilly known in New Orleans, till the middle of 'the fllTowing February. The treaty of peace was concluded ''*nm.ro't' lluildins is 12 miles below New Orleans, on ,1 ,?or.h.Ule of "e river. The Mexican Gulf Railway here te "gTs' and c'^rosses to Lake Borgne. It is intended to be com- ^' Fort St! Leon is on the Mississippi, seventeen miles below \ew Orleans. . „ , 5, i^nirlitih Turn, is a bend in the river, opposite Fort bt. MJ liv alwS WM tal ■ .l,on.ll.i™« ..p ll» >iv«r. «»« W tooS .^.tit "".,. Th. E.elU. r.l.o«u.tl, lumrt «..J command of Major Overton. , ,„ 1. „. „„„ The IWoutlis of the Mississippl—We have now arrTv?darthe point where this ^'ghty "'-• ^"f '"^.^^IS Sngt'dlLrgestCrKhe }.T. Ks^e^tS fs aliiua y JeJLited tierc, is about ,^,^ of the q«ant.ty of water bv weiLrl.t This affords a great obstruction to navigation, espe- cLh- in low water. This water is found, by actual experiment, o iont^luTarbolic acid, chlorine, lh.e oxide of '«•■> J^"^,^; soda, and several other substances, which are the cause of It. daletorlous etfecta. 58 B0UTK8 ON THK Ot'LF OF MEXICO. Tlie Nortl.-eiist Pass, lulilu.lo 29° 7' N., nnc! longitiido 89o 10 Vf., is llio principal pass, ll is tliroiij;h tliis pass, that llie hiiglish fleet, tliat was to liavo assisted at tlio attack oji New Orleans, eutered the river. Tlie word Uali/.o, nieaiis a l.vel ; at tile, iiioutli of the pass, there is a small settlemeiit of pilots, known as tlio Ualize Bettlenient. 'J'ho other passes, are the Outlet law, Uio South-east, the Soutli, the Sonth-west, and the VVcst. EOUTES ON THE GULF OF MEXICO. IVIObilC. Mobile county, Alabama, is situated on the west side of Mobile bay, about lliirty miles from the sea, and one hun- dred and sixtv-seveii from New Orleans. It is the commercial rapital of Ihe'state, and next to New Orleans, the greate.st cotton market in the Union— :«0,l)0() bales have been exported in a sin- ele year. The situation is considered very healthy, being burlt on a plain that rises near fifteen feet above ti.ie-water. The breezes from the sea render the atmosphere pure, which together with the climate, make it the resort of great numbers of invalids, from various parts of the world. Tlie city is supplied with water, brought from a neighboring hill, and distributed through the town in iron pipes. Tliis citv contains a naval hospital, city hospital, four banks, a theater, Hurton Academy, and several churches. The Ohio & Mobile railroad, from this place to Cairo, Illinois, thence to Dubuque, Iowa, and Galena and Chicago, III., and the contemplated Atlantic road through Georgia and Alabama, when complete.l, will throw into Mobile a very large proportion of trade, that now goes bv way of Orleans. The first named road will compete with tiie'steam navigation of the Mississippi, by ■hortening the distance, from the t)hio to the Gulf, near hve hun- dred miles. „,,,-, , About two miles from Mobile, is Spring Him, College, incor- porated in 1830, which has a president and twelve instructors, one hundred students, and a library of four thousand volumes. Annual commencement, first day of February. Population of this city, 73,000. . i-c Tho Bay of Mobile, is the outlet of one of the most prolihc cotton-growing regions in the south. At present, an annual product of over 500,000 bales, is sent through this bay to the various European markets. The value of this product, is esU- matod at $17,000,000. ,r ^ , SteainboaU arrive and depart daily for New Orleans, by way of the lakes; fare, on regular line five dollars; in other boaU, four. MONTGOMERY, capital of county of lame name, in Al»bain», la Ioc»t«4 ■mifri!r'r^r*~'—'''^^-'^-'S?f't^^^^'^~ ts."^ 3F MEXICO. N., and longitude 890 lO' this |i:i.ss, thut tliu Kiiglish uttiick iiji New Orlcuiis, ;uiis u Irvt-I ; lit tlif, mouth t of pilots, known as tlio ure till? Outlet I'aas, tlio UTuI tlio West. ' OF MEXICO. I, is Bitunted on the west from llu' sou, and ono hun- iiH. It is the commerciul )rleaiis, the greatest cotton ivt! been exported ill a sin- very healthy, being built •t nijove tiiie-watcr. The ihere pure, which together great numbers of invalids, :ity is supplied with water, stributod through the town ival hospital, city hospital, ly, and several churches, ihis place to Cairo, Illinois, 1 and Chicago, 111., and the tcorgia and Alabama, when very large proportion of mis. The first named road lion of the Mississippi, by ( to the Gulf, near five hun- PRiNo Him- Coi.ltoe, incor- int and twelve instructors, of four thousand volumes. February. Population of of one of the most prolific h. At present, an annual it through this bay to th« ,lue of this product, is esti- Y for New Orleans, by way dollars; in other boats, four. ne name, in AUbuiu, is Io»t«d ROUTES ON THE aULK OF MEXICO. 69 ,, th« heiirt of .tewn navlRation on th« Al«b«nia rivor. It is » l-lnrc of (hip- mrnt for « heavy amount of produit. rai.o.l in tlie Mirro«n,llng rountryand Iwuirht m l.y fMlwiivH nn.l w..K.,'on». It i> imm«li..tely on the gnut thor- nuclifiro from Charl.*t.in to Nfw Orleans-via tlic various railroads throuRh (iooruia-aiul will fliortly U- in .liroot .■omni.inication wlHi Vl.k«^argh hy „„.„ni. of Ihe 8outh.rn Itailromt which piufM-H through It. It is also .-onnect- ,.,! with the middle stat.s l.y means of th« Montgomery 4 We^t Point Kail- roa.1 whl.h ronnecls at Atlanta, Oa., with the Atlantir A Western roa.1 to Chattanooga, T»nn., tlenrc tla Nashville and Ix.uisville to Cincinnati and the lakes. Passengers iVom the East tal, u n,u,.iU. r «arri„.; -vor the .u,ro«,un,-« Hal", u f.r a. the .y, .-ouUl r-u,-.., n.thin^ n,uM .«■ s..,.n, but ,„.., vast „,«..abl.K. f imiian,. Soar™ ha,l th. ..ho of tl„. «,.rwh,.np ai«l on the ..ar than th. spa iardH and Julian, l-.an.u en^a,... i« .mo g..n,.ral n-oloo, Tho . ,.an.ar.l. poro WiHK that tho In.Uan, hod the a.lvun.ngo. retroat-a to tho p alu. thuu the wall,. AfUT the hattlo had r»K,..l f..r>,...».y up and down the plain for «,ver»l hours, the Spaniard* dotermlnod to destroy the wall-, and burn th. ZIZ Soon the whole town wa. one .hoot of fire. Thou..aud, of fomu.e. and chlldr..n wore consumed In the houses where they had taken shelter. This was a oritioal m..mont. UiiU it not been for the arrival of the main body of the army, the Spaniards would certainly have lost the day. Tho battle now began with renewed fury, and cease.1 only with the «t- tlng sun -and seldom did he ever set on a more desolate scene. The streets of the town were blockaded with the dead; the hous<.s were about all con8um..d, and with them the clothing and baggage of Spaniards. A)K>ut fifty of the Spaniards had been killi^d, all of them more or less wound«J, and Mvent.-en hundred wonnds required a surgeon's care. The plain around was strewed with more than twenty-five hundred Indian bodies, besides those who perish.-d by the Hames within the walls. The situation of the Spaniards was beyond description -with no me.lloine, no f.>od, no baggage, and not even a shed to prot-'ot their wounded bodies from tho .lampness of the midnight air, they were oon.polle.1 to lie down upon tho field of battle, with no other con- solation U.an having destroyed a populous village and thousands ofinnocont lives. PcnsacOlU, Escnmbiu county, Florida, is situated on Pen- Bacola Bay, ten miles from the sea. The town is built on a sandy Xin, about forty feet above the waters of tho Bay. It is reeu- larlv laid out, and contains a court house, custom house, and two public squares. Eight miles below the city, tl.ere is a United States' Navy Yard, which covers eighty acres of ground, f opu- '"^Stllgesleave tliree times a week for Mobile, Alabama, and Tal- lahassa, Florida. . . „ , .1 a.„i« OalvC»n, thi- lowii 1 liver tlio imirouiiclliit! pliiiii, us sfi'n, but 11111! vast nJ»iiabl»K« ul ■luiiip aiPil on tlie >'ttr, tliiin tlio 10 Kcniriil nicl.'O. Tho .«i>aniftrcli, gi', retrottteJ to tho plain without iiis!y up and down tli« plain for dcBtrny the wallf, and burn tin ct of fire. Thousands of fumale« g where they had taken shelter, ut been for the arrival of the luld certainly have lout the day. f, and ccaiMHl only with the «et- 3n a more dtnolate wcne. Tho :he dead; the houm}» were about ind baggage of Spaniards. About f them more or less wounded, and eon's care. The plain around was d Indian bodies, besides thoss who •he situation of the Spaniards was fnod, no basrgBge, and not even a the dampness of the midnight air, field of battle, with no other con- village and thousands of Innocent , Florida, is sitiiBled on Pen- Tlic town is built on a sandy iters of tlie Buy. It is regu- louse, custom liouse, and two f tlie city, tliere is a United ghty acres of ground. Popu- br Mobile, Alabama, and Tal- st important clly in the State, f Galveston Island, nt tile en- ;led in 18H7, since wliicli time e and population. It contains inmission houses, four cotton varsity, and six churches. It lent depth of water to float all ROUTES ON THE OULF OF MEXICO. 61 onlinary vessels, and is by far the most flourishing place in ths stalft Populiitioii, 61)00. Tlicro is a n-jliiliir line of s eiim packets leaving New Orleans every Sunday uikI Wednesday, .A. .M ; also a liaily line to Hous- ton, elgh'y-tive miles distant.' Bouts are ronstaiilly running to the Brazos, Trinity, and Sabine rivers, and to Corpus Christ!. Vi'l'Sl Criiai, rapital of the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, is sitmited on the south-west shore of the Gulf of Mexico, in 19° Vi' north latitude, and 9tP 9' west longitude, and has an uverugo uiiiMial temperuturo of 77 ?. It is tho principal seaport of Mexico, mid is one of the oldest Spaiii-h towns on the continent. The present city of Vera CruZ was founded by Count de .Monterey, near the close of the sixteenth century, and is situated about fif- teen miles from the old town planted in 1519, by Cortes, who, ridded by religious super-titlon, named it " L.* Vii.i.a Rica," or, Tlie rich tnicn uf Ihr true Cross. Before approaching the city, the lofty peak of Orizaba comes in view, with its eup of eternal snow, reuring its head fur above the region of the drifting clouds, which hover around its summit. The city is enclnsed by walls, and the streets are wide, regular, well-paved, and lighted "by two hundred and thirty-two lamps. The houses are mostly two stories high, with flat roofs, and built of submarine stone, obtained fr«m tho seashore. The red and white cupolas, numerous towers, and buttlomentR, present u beautiful appearance when viewed from the sea. Tho liarhor is very insecure, on account of tlie roeky state of the coast, and the severity of the guh-s lliut prevail iitru during a largo portion of the year. The public buildings consist of hospitals, churches u»d convents, and a custom house, all remarkable for their size and solidity, rather than for their architectural beauty. The cli- mate of the city, owing to the reflected heat from the numerous sand hills without the walls, and the scarcity of water, is ex- tremely unhealthy, especially to foreigners. It is perhaps mora snliject to yellow fever than any other place on the coast. the country in tlie vicinity of Vera Cruz, produces everything ia abundance. Cattle roam in vast numbers over the plains, which, when properly cultivated, yield annually two abundant crops of corn, and tropical fruit of a superior quality. The table- lands vary so little in temperature, that they will produce most of the graiii.s and frnits common to both temperate and torrid zones. Vera Cruz lias been besieged and taken near ten times — once by a band of robbers — twice by tho independent and ministerial troops — three or four times by the Spaniards — once by the French — and lastly by the Americans, under General Scott. The castle of San Juan de Ulloa commands the entrance of th« 62 BOUTBH ON THK UULK' OF MEXICO. It Wi w .."I ". .... ,.»";■<'".'",;;:„;,;;, ;: .ri i-Ti.. . ■ ''chuKrVs'uid Pnnan.a, .ituatcd in the republic of PanaTnf "t.;: Jirge'JcrU' rhe'uth.us, formerly perfornjed ^Panama, on the Bay of Panama. Tacific coa«t. U a fortified fsNf f*' UF MEXICO. rtriisn in Am'Tlca. It wua I or bnr, n l>l»l<^ """■>• ','"" iiwu. 'riiii* iHliiii'l roreivid ,llril, wliii liill'l.-il IliTi^ i>ri- , COIltilU'llt. TIllTH wild 111! lich tin' imtiveH oUVrfd liu- ii'iice to tlin roiiiimuidn "f miic beciiiiie iiIIhpIi''i1 to_ tlii> itO !"• word Ul.l.OA. 'I'll!' datioiiH, biirli'd ^W<•\^ i" tlic ric-H tlic liMliiiiw of its WiiVfs, ijitioiis, U ostiinatcd at forty mule, of Miiilrrpora A»lrert, a iimduiice on thc^ iiclghborlni; fivo yurdB ill lliickiii'BH, with rior. Ttiern uro iicvph lari,".' itaiii ninety-three lliouwuid bio fei-t of wator. Us fidl ', huiidrorl and Hlxty-sevcn. ,000, and itH coinmiTo.', vitv ho Interior pass throujrh tlnn f of Mexico, by an e\ci lleiit mdiao aro constantly pasHiiiH. up by sea, with the various 1. British Mtcamers on their t ship island on the 2l9t or sitnatcd in the repnblic: of ■ the Isthmus of Uarien, un , California, fast becoming ii.i- 3 Chagres river, seven uiil'"( g place of all thoso who ar.> Isthmus. The Chagres river Ich U but fifteen miles Iroiu Isthmus, formerly performed ison extremely dlmcnlt. It 's ,-ay. The climate is very un- ,f remaining long in the place, lagres, is the terminus of the ;ross the Isthmus, 46 miles- Line of Steamers from New la, Tacific coast, is a fortificil )00, and of Panama 10,000. norTKs (» TilK flfJ.F OF MEXICO. 03 „:>,,, oue':r.;.reg.w.;v,ing,..;;.; or _^^ ^'nav-.-" rv\.:^/t:r'i;ri3:"^^^tu!;";:":' ,^„ „„r.l.-w,MUrn p.rt u .he >•"'•''-'.,,„, ,.,^,,t , .,.„r • a \< slt'ril.vl In ;ul.l „. «i„:l l.y th- snrroniuin t: 'i'^'"'' '' ' V „ , ,i,„„. On „.,„„„„lc:,t..swill. t;.e.,-..,He.,;.tort . n ,,.,„„nnic;.fswai. '"". '■•'- V^ ?' ' , Voutin.h.ns row of forts, ,, i':;;ss,:,s::!;.!.«,M«oMw..c,,y,, ,«,.■";»>■ 1^ :,r:,s,J-:^rSi;:^rs:;;;^iS'»v™i»::;s:s- till' Hlirilie< ,.r..at »!{'■• l "^' '"liT'"'' •"•"'"""" "h ". '',:["V,",.Tr ih • Cfilin.', ad- (;r..at »!{'■• l "^' '"'^'■""' '" ^"''"■"'''' ''■"'' '''•""" II in tli.< w ill. l)n the lell hand sid.' woi rrei'S.'S £.dlm uS;;." lib ,0,,™.. .... ■'""«'»' '"■" '■'•""' CA ROUTES EAST OF I'lTTSOUKG „wuy, as llH- .l,o.l..s of tl.« poor present a st rilling "'"""^^t will, he nilaces of Iho ricli. TI.e streets are narrow and very poor > I'm!.; The co,nmerce, which is consicienO.le c.,nsista .nostly of sugar, uud tropical fruits. I'opulalion, 140^000. Vesils run regularly frou. Havana to NeNV Orleans, and most of the Atlantic ports. Also, to all the important seaports of Eu- '° A'roeular line of United States Mail Steamers has been cs- tablished between New : Heans and Havana. Regular steam packets also ply between th •< port and New York. ROUTES EAST OF l^ITTSBUIia. A DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PLACES AND ROUTES, EAST OF PITTSBURG. The Monontjalicla Kivcr. T..F. MoNONOAHELA rises iu Randolph county, ^llrgin'"' ""'I after a northern course of three bumred m.les, uu.tes with tl^ A lecrhanv at Pittsburg. It is navigable lor steamboats, as far as BowS.l sixty mL above Pittsburg; and for keelboa s, near U^o Zlred .nhis fro„. its mouth. Us Pn"-!'!'. l;-'- '"lie the Cheat and Youghiogeuy rivers. Large quau i les of e.vcelltnt ctl ire a.'uJly brought ,1own this river, au.l ^";i:P- .^» -['"^j points on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. 1 he u■^^ 'ff' o" » ' "^ Hver has been greatly improved and made permanent, b> ho ereotionof eiglft or ten substantial locks bot^yecnBro^vnsvdlo m^ Pittsburgh. Boats now run daily to the latter place. rinrkshurs, county seat of Harrison county, \ irginia, is sitS on the we^I't fork o\ the Mononguhela seventy m. en from the Ohio river. The town stauds on a small pi ce ol elevaleu L? urrounded by a few smalM.ills -hileEkCred. flows pent y through the town, iu>parting ;ts heaut.e to the ^cene Tliere are excellent coal mines in the vicinity of this place, wnicii ^eUalarge amount of coal. Iron and ..alt are a so found o somo eiteit It is a flourishing place, and contains several Urge n^rcantile houses, four churches, two academies, and two printing °«i^^^-irK;:irrapi?ar;f Manon county. Virginia is sHuato^^ on the Monongahela, twenty-two miles north of Clarksburg. The i-liiii^f s'Vi-rul Lilly, a Init tin ar,> l:ir} l»Sll Opi>0:-il K.'veral ItlO (loi'.ris iiboul I the lar iTsouno. it 11 stnltiiiK roiitrast willi •e narrow ami vt-ry poorly sidenible, consists mostly ion, 140,(100. o Nbw Orleans, and most important seaports of Eu- lil Steamers lins been cs- Havana. Regular steam New York. 'ITTSBUIia. IMPORTANT PLACES F PITTSBURG. la Bivcr. )!ph county, Virginia, nn^i (Ired miles, unites with tlio )le for Klenmboats, as far as irp; and for keelboiits, near Us principal branches aroi iurge quantities of excellent ■iver, and shipped to various era. The navigation of this :i made permanent, hy Iho locks, between Brownsville ; to the latter place. [arrison county, Virginia, is inguhela, seventy miles from 11 a small piece' of elevated ills, while Elk Creek flows r its beauties to the scene, 'vicinity of this place, which id .^alt are also found to somo and contains several large I academies, and two printing county, Virginia, is situated miles north of Clarksburg. ROVTES EAST OF PITTSDUKG. 6fi . „,.,nr-.t,.,MM 1800. and is now a very flour- The town was >nco P • t. 1 b ' ^^^ ^^^^^^^_ ^^^^^ ^^^ '"""^' ir am n dw'l a^s. T!.e .urroundiag country }s ,.v.ral nils, and '•'' '"'^ ' Ki.,,„ ,„,.,.sts arc fille.! with excel- l::;;^;,;;;;;!,;;",s'irSi.'s «... «;;^ « «■■ - «-'■ "'-«'■ ..y.^ ; M moiil r>. » .....;...f,v...«B". -—""b '•• ■■"•■■ ^""^A::^^^^^^^ f-'> G--v» in Switzerland^ the ;;: the affi o l is 1 ted Country, he built an elegant mansmn J^iitr;or.edin..hi.ory^Uur^ Ce of^ru^Tt^s lk;S^li:n: t^^ infant republic of America. AJ^^";; ''^ ^,^,^,^ t]^^ of C^r^rh^^^ A^^.^-t^S'l2ti; of August, im, '''S^ora.tmcCFSerclnty. Penns-a. is situated twelve •^, ^onh-TvT" of Unionlown, at the .ntersection of the na- ;;::;ir:SAKi:^-d -iSor^he rwe. aaa the Bal- timoro and Ohio railroad. CG ROUTKS KAST OF riTTSBUlia. Tlio iiifvlnustil)!' W:U of co;i\ in tlifi vicin:ly, must cvonUial y nv.Ui- it li L'r:-;.t M.;imila.;turhi); pluoo. Tl.o U,wn cniitums a biiik, u Ali.'sonic Hull, srvc. cin.relu-s, sovcnil foiMidrios, ami inucmno Bhops, u n..r.,l„T of n.ill.s, U.reo ijlaHS niclori.'s, a.i.l oll..-r factor.,., of vaHon. M,li,l.-s. Tl.Te is a spleudi,! bn, jr„ over tlio Mm.on- ■ral.ola, wind, was la.ill iu 1S:W, an,l U t.M l.-et long, ami cost §51,0011. lirowiisville was iucorporatoU iu Itilo, uuU now oon- tuiiis a po|)iilutioii of 3,000. 3IoilOUSSlllcl',l C-ity, Wushington county, Pennsylvania, is sitiiat.-a on the Moi.ongal.ola, at the mouth of Pigeon creok. The town ocnunifs a beautiful plain, ascending grudna ly trom the river Iron, coal, and wit, ubouml in great quantities throng i- out tlie surrounding country. This town is noted "f l'«"'e "») place where tlie insurgents held a great meeting in l.Jl, during the Whiskei, In^urreclion. Since tlie year I&.IO, this place has increased rapidlv. It contains two glass factories, three saw mills, two carding machines, and si.t churches. Popu .atiou, l.iuu. Note. OREENSBURO, onunty seat of Westmoreland oounly, i« Ritaatcd thirty- ono miles east of I'ltt^-bursj, on the I'lttsliurg and licdford turrpiko. U con- tains a court house, an academy, and ton churches. It was incorporated hi 1799, but lias increased slowly, as there are no facilities for manufacturing. Population, \W0. This place is noted as the opot where the remains of the unfortunate Gen- eral Arthur St. Clair repose. Jler-, in an oljscure corner of a I'rcfbyterina churchyard, the weary limbs of this man found that rest, of whiih hie deprived tliem. For years those molderiiig ashes were marked by no mon- ument, save the thorns and thistles that grew in their native wildness, over hh grave. In liis old age, he was for.^aken by his friends, and, wo regret to add, by his country. After suffering from the pangs of poverty, ho flnaJly succeeded in obtaining frum Congress, a pension of $00 per month. He died on the 3lBt of August, 1818, In the 84th year of his age. In ISSi, the Masonic fraternity, acting upon the square of equal justice, plac-cd over bU grave a monument, bearing the following inscriptions ; —&m(A nUt: "The earthly remains of Migor General St. Clair, are deposited beneath this humblo monument, which is creeU'd to supply the place of a nobler one, duo from his country. He died August .31, 1818, in the 84th year of his age." Xbrlh fid.-; "This stone is erected over the remains of tlielr departed brother, by members of the Masonic Society."' EllWlllClhtOWIi, Alleghany county, Pennsylvania, i.i a beautifully located manufacturing town, situated on the Monon- gahela, sixteen miles above Pittsburg. The town was laid out in . iiijp fi * ! wM m mii^? ■ r * """" ' '' t ? g »! sya.' ROUTES EAST OF PITTSBURG. 67 ITT3BUR0. i>, vit;iM:ly, must cvontiiiiliy 'I'lio town ciiutuina a biiiik, rill fouudrii's, ami inucliiui! iictori.'s, uud olIiiT fiictorii's ii,l brhlirii ovur tlin Moiioii- 1 i^ tiliO li'ct long, and I'list toil ill lal J, uua now coil- igton county, Pennsylvania, lie inoutli of Pigeon creek. 11, asr.eiidiiig grudiially from in gri'ul qiianlilies tlirongli- 1 town is noted us being ibe •eat meeting in 1*91, during e year 18110, this place lias glass factories, three saw :hurches. Popu'.atiou, 1 ,100. reland oounly, if Ritnatcd thirty- rg und Bedford turnpiko. U con- •hurcbcs. It was iiicorpomti'd hi re no fadlitics fur manufiicturi-jg. ! remains of the unfortanate Ccr- oljscure rorrer of a I'ri'fbytcrinu in fonnd that reft, of whiih lilB g ashes were nmrkid hy no uion- t grew in tlioir native wildnesf, forsakou by liis friends, and, wo ring from the pangs of poverty, hi) ress, a pension of $00 per month. lie 84lh year of his age. In If Si, /ua)-« of equal justice, placed met lowing inscriptions ; —Siuth tiilt : t. Clair, are deposited beneath this pply the place of a nobler one, dec 818, in the 84th year of his age." er the remains of Uielr departed ty.-' ,• county, Pennsylvania, is a town, situated on the IVlonon- re. The town was laid out in „«rli«.-wosl territory .viu. organized by i;„ iMisiues. of shii. bail., n^g ^^"^iT.l 17-7, lln> year llial t'le i;,j„;,n-8s, i.nl mill '''',,'','.,,, ,,,,,,1 b,s'un>;d out several ,„„,roe.l. Sine. IM.. >";'\ ^ ';- "^ Vr river e....t. The com- tl,.ns-,Md ions -U bonis b.g.^a,U ^^ ^ ;^ „;„„ ,,,, ,„,„y |„,i„„ of lb-. Mono.,;: 1. 1^' ■ ■ „; ,„. „,.,, *^,|,,,. .riie tow.. in.Mv.sed Ibo '=;''''''',7' '■',,;,,: rv,r,ls,s..v.'rd saw mills and ,„„„U,s four <■'"<"■ ;-; . , ,,Hc ; r Is Vop^ilalion, l.lHK). ,,1;,.., vvnob'M, uii I "' V ^''i■'' ''V ; ,1, , ,.,, V county, oil tbe banks ,f ,„.. Mo>.ou,:.U,.l:.. ten m . s Kiu. HsUrj, ^^^^^^^ ^^ l„„g \y, remenib..re,l ,u. ^^^'^ ',.,,,, „,„,,' |..i.U qualities of a ,„„:Ui.. great an. ';";;'';| ' ,\ t' ' f,.' „Uilled lihi, to the respe^ct ■■"'" ""'' " P""''''t I ound s souiowhat elevated, and at lb« of bis country. 1 b^' R'""",'" m, .^ ,!e„so forest, in wbicb tlio ,i„„, oi tbe bittle was <;^\- ^ ,\ ' ^ , ^^ ,, .JvaUCe of tbe Hrit- l,„U.ns bad --^•"^' ■; "^i ;'^ Vurl Uu Q.esu. Wasbiugton ish, wbo were on tin ir ^^'^ ' , ^ j ;„ case tbey were ,„vi:sod Ikaddock to f "'''"', '.e woo s and figbt Ibcm iu their ,ataokedby huians tot - oj --^ treat^ with conlenipt „«u way. But t',' ' 'f'^"' ,^" relied upon the superior discipline l>.v ll>« r«"^ "' tr Accor. nglvou tbe 9tU of July, be began 01- bis liuglisli trooph. '^'-'^'''^ ''■J , ,,, ,,i^ „niiy were about „i. niarcli will. X:'£ ^l^T^Z^^-- ">>"-' ""^ ««*■ 10 be reviewed by the ,^; ';,';■„';,„„.,„,■, be ludii.u war cry rang vanced far, wl''"" I''''' ' '^"''^^''' "S.*^ ""^j f, \vi,i, fearful accent on trough tbe ^vood at ^ ';■ " "'j ^^i" very ree tbe awful llasb of l,is ear. Soon ibere '''^^^V,^",;, '^advancing army iu great I„lian •"->V:':;:£;f \X wb.:^. tUvce borscsliad been kille^ confusion. "™'''"'-"V ,',,;,,. i,, his luns'S ""'1 was carrn'U off soon receivo.1 a mortal ;7;'";, '"'';, .iJ,".) The battle last- Ibelb.ddbyCol.aage, ul «ar l-.^U t J ^^^^ ed three bour.s, during ^^'''.^'''^„r wounded. Tbe so called ""'•rV' ^l:'k ^Intr diS." i^vhig everything a prey regular troops A'-''^., ' ^ ^^^ companies of Virginia troops who to tbe «'«=■">•. „{'f, a lastrous battle, behaved themselves lU a were engaged in t'"^"^7;'\ companies, not one was left to ,„„,terly '""""f^.^ """^ °, if Of tl whole nun.ber engaged, but tell the fate ^^^'^ 'I'^'XiM] brave but haughty commander. thirty escaped ^'^^^"^.".dXir wounded General for four days. The ret.eatuig army carrud^lcir ^^^ ^^ ^,,.j When Heven miles f';"?,^'l"'7^„t by the advancing army. It T^wr" 68 ROUTES KA8T OF I'lTTSBLRO. trpo, was the. only moniinii-nt tluit timrUed Um prave of tins horo of tli'i French war. burii>! litiio siiioc, iiis remains wiTo acculcii- tallv'dUiiilorrcl, and many of his bones and military IrapfinKs foniul their way to thu iiiusoum, where they arc iire.s.rvod as curiosilios. BirniillSlinni, is a largo inanufactiirinp town, situated on the suulli side of the Monongaliela, one mile from the center ot TittshnrL'. It has three chure.lies, one lUi.rkel-ho.ise, »»^ ^'y";' larire L'las., factories, and iron foundries. '1 here is over $.3()0,(HII) caijital employed here in the various manufactories, llie popu- lation is 3,0UU. ] The AllcgJiaiiy Biicr. The Allejrhiinv river rises in the northern part of Pennsylvania, thcuce Hows in'a north-westerly direcliou through llie southern part of New York, thence returninjr to IVnnsylvunia ; and alter Dursuine a L'enerd sonth-west direction of lour hundred miles, unites with the Monongahelu at Piitshnrg. '1 he waters of this river are pure and clear, while those of the Moiiongahela arc col- ored by the soil thronsh which it Hows. Vast quantities ol uin- W are sawed alon(r this river, and tloaled in r.ts Jo I'lttsburg and Cincinnati. It is navij;ahle for keel bouts, about ^;.0 miles. The country between the Alleghany and Monongahela nvers, is the richest coal region in the Union. As we pass d .yn the Ohio, the mind becomes more and more impressed witl. the idea that the river lias not always pursued the same channel ; but that a lume tract of country on both sides of the Ohio, was once be- neath its sounding waves. Instead of a river, -t was probably then a creat lake, with a few mountain streams pomiiig into it. These slreains in their rapid course, must necessarily carry ^yith their rolling current, vast quantities of limber, which would bo deposited in regular layers at the mouth, and uflerward covered with soil. Ages indeiiiiite and unnumbered roll by ; generation after generation of animal existence pass away, and nevy crea- tures constantly appear-man, the beauty of God's creation, a last comes Into being, "multiplies and replenishes the earth , more than one hundred generations of these new forms lie mol- dering in the dust they tread, when by chance there is discovered deep in the earth a vegetable substance, highly inHaminab e in lU naturo, but hard as the rocks that lay on the summit of the hills. The question now arises, is not this coal the same substance, that once floated along that river, was imbedded in earl i, and, after undergoing successive chemical changes, according to hnys of whose action we know but little, has assumed this new lorm, In order to subserve more fully the wants of man ? Olo Allegh; villtifre, (l(Mies> ates h' eounei this pi cliiiniii lo vari now iiere rrsBLRO. UOITKS HAST Vi- PlTTSlllKU. 69 •Ued tho prave of tliin lioro iiis remuiiis wi'io accideii- los and military tnipfiiiitrs cro llioy are pR'Sirved as "actiirinfT town, sitiiatpd on le mile from tin-, ccntt^r ot' lUiirkt't-lioiiSf, iiiid wvcral 1. TlienM8ov.T$;3()0,()OI) uiiiufactorics. Tlie popu- Bii'cr. llipru part of Pi-nnsylvaiii:i, clion tliroiigli llui soiitlierii lo IVnnsylvuiiia ; uiid aflor ion of four hundred niilcf, cR^^^^ .,.,.o villajro, aad destui.-d I" ",'^" " , " '^ it will. Rochester, tenuin- ''■"T" "'"'iC^ino :'i:^^r:^< lee Koutc Hk which ,„,« h-r... !'•:, "''- °/,),,„|drkonLake F,rie, pass.-» through 7.'""";'' '^^" hmI widt of Alloghany is twenty rods, and its tins place. II'- ;\' '."■;„,,,. if u estimated tliat more than clumucd free frou obstruaions i miuually sent o,,0,0(H),00i)foeto lumb . xc.le^^^^^ U, various places along '^'"'''y ^„,„^, j, ,i„„ted on tho ?^'"7'*' nV^'X^l V Hs 'r nea" the m'outh of Conewango H.bt ba>>k " J ; ^ ,^,f ,/,';,„aiMing an area of three hun.lred ereek. U ..- ' ' '' j'', ,ir,y.,U-e feet above the water. It was ,,^ros. eleva ed . Imut riy extensive plan. Near ineorporated m ^ J, "^'^ ^^'^ ° ^ „,„„„j ^,ach are the court ,he center, is 'V'" £.'"'''' «,',.« growth of the place has been house and P"1>1''V f 'u";..!!"; are k-ft ahnost alone, most of tho slow, and the 1\>! ' ' ,'^"' i,^^," During the winter an.l summer bouses be.ngbudtalogtiurver y ^^^^ ^^^^._^^ ^j^^ months, Warren s "■' ',' t ,^ bustle and activity of lumber :aai';;:;Hnf^pt for below, with their long traia c,f rafU. Populauou, 1,-1 • y^.„„ „ „„„„ty. Pennsylvania, rrailkl.... conn y s. t o > u ang^^^^ y, ^,^^^^^. is situated »» ''"^.A ■^Vn,?^o.t'""«th'^' "«""' """"'y buildings, It was laid on .a 1 ',!;;.." ^eseC^^al large mills and furnaces iu „„d .ix churches. 1 : "^,''^^,^„ derives a large amount of the vicinity. Iron «''"-' /''''.i.^AlleLrUany is navigable from trade. During ^^fjl'\l{J^,,^X lu.ndred ami twenty- Pittsburg to t^' 1."; ou Frtmch creek aftord in.mense water- four nnles. .^ j'Sp ' ' jsa sideitdid bridge across tho Alleghany irer.mcuf a gSXlgo to tho t^wn. Population, ,00.^. Kittanning, seat of justice of Armstro.,g coun y. K-nn. sylvania, is situated on 1''° «"^^^ °' ^ Me of an old Indian /enter of tho county, and w»! .*™ Va^' '^-a „„t in 1804, and town of the «"■"«. """"';, ,YV^ rum ing parallel with tho river. consisu of four pnnc.pai «" "«^;X" U contains the county crossed at right »>'g'^-«„'',r S^t" ,7^; l^,^°"^,„„i el,urches. buildlng.,auucBdemy,a tem It^ sunm^^ ^^^^ The town is consuUred ^^J^f/j'.f,';;„"„.id,t of a rich agricul- 33^;:C;^. cS.Ku t. ..r to bocome an i.„portu.U Inauufacturing town. PopulaUou, 1,500. 70 KUITKH EAST vv I'[IT>j;rUi;. Fl'orport. Artuftronir roniity, rnnnsylvaiilii, i.< n (linirisli- iiiir lowi) on 111.' viL'l.l Ii:im1v of llii- 'A1Ii-;;1i;ui\ riv-r, :iirl rcmisyl- Vii.ii I Ciiniil. Tiii.-* ciiii'l, xvliicli riiiis lliioii);li tlio town, h;i3 lii'fii llirowiiijr 11 (irrat aiiiuiiul iiT ii;i.-;i,ii'tis in i\k pliico, wliich nllii'nvi.s', w.Mil I li:ivi'. ROii^'lil liiirn-i.t i.lituuiils. ,M.iiiy kmU w.-lU w.Ti- siiiik ill lli'i hil'N ::oiitli ol' 111.' viliiig.s \\ hicli uro now III siioc-.-isriil DjiiTatioil. I'oiiahilioM, l.'v'DO. Ml,J8*J5;5)\SI'yr. i- iiliM-imlly sitiiMt-l oil tlin rifflit liiiiik of thft A!l.-.:!i:n.y, liv.- mill-:! uIimvi-' rillslmrj;. It i.i ii .xiiiill villtipr, (•i)iit,:iiiiiii(,f nil i:i in-lri.iiis :m,l i'iit'ri)ri.~ir.ir poji il:iliiui. it lus Mi-V'Tiii luTfi'' !it.< ur.' iiniiuilly laiiiioln' 1. f/?Wr«*tS«"«''Vi]k', iianicvl i:i lioiiiir of (.',ii t. I,a>.vi-.;inf, of 111" t'. i^. Navy, in pli-asaiilly sitiial.- 1 on tin; ii'lt liaiik of llii; y\lli'^,'iiaiiy, two iiM'l a liulf iiiil.s above rillsl.iir;r i" IIh" ci-iiccr of \i\r h'lwn, IliiTc. i.i all U. S. Ars.'iial, at wlii.ii ari' .slori'il all Horts of liiililary ruiiipmcMl-J, wliii'li aiv clii;)!)'.! wot an, I j'onlli, us o.-r l^ioll rrrinins. In lla' viciiiily, on llii^ liiuli grouii'.H, tlnTo iiri" IN, my fini' luaiisi.nis, 111.' rr-i.iciK-.'S of llio NV'llliy cili/.i'llrt of rill-ilnirij. Til" town runlMiiis fuiir I'liiircli.'S aini a ly(;<'niii. It was al tills iilaci' wlicrr (u iirral ^Va: !iiiii;lnii, in JTo.'i, v.:unv iii'ar losin;; Ms lil'i- liy att.'iniilin;; to cross tli,.- iivcap« tlio pIoiiiIs of sniokf, tliat eoastantly liover over tlie " Iron Cily." II liiis coiisiJeral.le coiiiiiierci', an I iloes a larji" iiiaiiiilacliiriii;^ liiisi- ii-ss ; ciiiployin}; a caiiital of near :*!),. "»'l!),!)i!(). Tlie cily coiilaini* twenty chiirclies of virions (lenoiniiialions, .hrco ucaJcmics, iifteen sirliools, aiul a popnl.ilion of 11,!)()'). 'I'll ■ Wi'slern 'I'lieolojiieal J-'eniinary of tlio rri'sliytfriaii Clinrcli was located liere, in l-^riiT. It stamis on a hill xi'liicli rist's uboiit one luin.iro;! feci ulnive tlie river. 'J'lio biiilaiiif; is one Imndred iind lifly feet lonjr, fonr slorl's liijjh, willi wings tiiroe wlories liigll. I'loni tills liill, you liavo u heaolil.il view of boiU cities, uh llioy Htreicli aloii^ the. iiiarfiiii of the rivers wliicli wind throufjU the valley heio'.v. This institution has connected with it, u work- lihop lor maiinal labor, and u library of G,Oill) voliini'.'s. liehind iieiiiinury hill, is the Western reniti'nliary, an iinnicnae castle-built bnihjnir, of the ancient Normal; style. Jt was com- pleted in It^il, ul a cost of $18:i,0'Ji ; near 1,200 prisoners liuve iieeu received here, sMice l\xt commouceiacut of tlio iiuttitutioa. [TTfecrui;. PITTSDCIIO. 71 'iMinsylvnnlii, U n fl(iiiris!i- f;;liiuiy riv-r, :;iil rcnns\ I- iiis lliroiij;li tlio louii, li:it) i.si.ii'ss ill lli'i pl.-mo, which LM.t i.-lituuii'ls. ,\I:iiiy ^'•|lt 111.' viling.s wliicli aro now 1 ,-:'l)0. it.vl oil llii* rijflit liiuik of liiiri;. It i,: 11 xriiill vill'.ip', iri-ii'.jr jHiji iliilliiii. it lias iiiiiiuit t of ntraiii uiid keel iiior of (.'.i| t. I.M'.vv.iini', of •I on till' li'ft li:iii!< of tliii ■e ^ilt^|rllI;r. jii liic Ci'lllcr mil, lit wiiiiii nri' (-inri'il ull iri' ."liiiip'ii Wot nil. I i-oiilli, on llir liiuii (;roiiii'.s, tlnTo ■s of llio W'l' illUy cili/.i'iis of 'liiircli.'S iiini ;i lyci'iiiii. It iiiii;l"ii, in i75.'i, (uutw upur ;lit- rivir on u mft, wiicii it I llic rinlit Iiaiik of tln' Allo- i.H city i^ s:rii;tly a [liUt of (;or|)i)rLitio:i, Miiiiy of tlin Tc', ill ur.llT to *'^C;l|M! tlio r ovrr tln' " Iriiii Cily." Jl II |:irji" iiMiiiificliiriii;^ liiiti- ."»'l!),!)i)(). Tin' city coiil:iiiii' iMtitioii!*, '.iircu ucaJuiiiics, ■ of tlio rri'iiliytrriaii Cluircli on a liill W'liicli list's al)Out 'lio Ijiiiloiiif; i.s one Imudrod 'itii wings tliroi' wlories liigll. viL'W of boili cities, uh tlmy ■rs wliiuli wiiiil tlirou^U the coiiiii'cti'ij with it, u worli- af G,f)ill) voliini'.'s. rii IV'niti'nliary, nil immense iormuu slyli.'. Jt was coiii- ; iioar 1,200 prisoiiors liuvo itceiacut of tlio iuHtitution. .if., OF piTTsmno IMt*'-il>Mrar, cnnitiil of Alloclinny coiinlv rcnnsylvania, Is .it:, t,. I lit tli.'fiinrl'iim of ill" Allofr'.mny an.i .vlo.iongalu'la rivers. Ti,i. ciiv i^ iMiiil upon a i.oint.'.l strip of lan.i, lyin.r bolwcen the .\l i.nv mil MoiionKili.'la rivers, in latif.nle 40^ 26 north. Mui'ion-Tiiii.le 7!)' 50' west. Ahoiit a milo liaek, rise Oram s, Av.r's,'iiiiJ Qiiirrv lulls. Tho cily is ripi lly exteiiding lUeif on !.-. siles anl sii:i.:iiits of these l.ill.s, which are high and airy. Ti.is city WIS l.i 1 out in HO.'i, on th. plan of Philadelphia, with sireets riiMiiiii-' parallel to the river, and crossing each other at rirUt ancles It is roinp.ictlv huilt with iino hrici houses, which, e;;i,iij 'ry, and a gfeal number or other arlicb'S which are nma- ° nu; d on a smaller scab-. Tlie capital '■"U>loy''^J '"»>'" ["'""^ Manufactories, is over $a,Ol.(),0()0. There is over f5"0,00" ^ ot- machinerv, and $300,000 of hardware and cutlery, manufac '"•it ' dTy"i" -Sed with clear and wholesome water, which is r.i 'd f on th, "Alleghany by steam power, to a reservoi on U nfs h 110 feel above the river. The basin is 11 leet deep ^ndwiU coi'itain 1.000.000 of gallons The water i« -. - ; through the city in iron pipes, wliich are in all, over tweUt "'KS'^onnected with the villages on the opposite side of the Mo oug:il'ela. by a bridge, erected in IblH, at a co t o ^02^45 "having eight arches! resting on stone I''«r«, "• d .^<^' let 11 leniith. Across the Alleghany, there are four bridges beside" h" aqueluct of the Pen.isylvauia canal. About a mile ■.nokv street-, nitd numerous noisy iiiauufuclorK-s, tiiise, uuu i*o ,.U."d » lirmiug p... "( ". B"'" ""'rSir.u.U.S ^,Ar"s!it sr;?t"ti;;rK r;,';r;."rt,,.. towns. , ., f Pituburg suffered (ii'curri'd (ill t'rMiri ll IIIWS SI ■yw- Ibui ,i;;llt h( wliich V Tlif aim Tlie 7,2 IJ* ; llli-llKlil » ill bu Till- cl( l.y till! t' Till? I'll" UfilU'llO » tnulini rttnil'tjUi Kii^'lfh, j.'.iiii''- Kroiich finl p'n Kiiijliin' iT.uiitr} Iniiitlri'' twelve 1 iir, wo wetiks, Voiit!h' tho an ctmrce. tlirowi drtxl I hanJr Hindi lal ri'tric Ftnt'U Qiicsn uland jilacct tiou.i prtTSBlRtt. 73 nsportuiioii compitiiinsi for s iioiiiia oil the rivers uiid fucturing town in llieWcst uro Btiuiuboiits, fiiglne!!, arc, cotton dotlis, U'ulhor, lier itrliilcs wliicli arc niuu- iliil employed in thn varioiia lere is over $500,000 worth are and cutlery, inunufuc- wliolesonie water, whicli is 1 power, to a reservoir on Tlio biisin i.s 11 teet deep, I. Tlie water is coniineleii ch are in all, over twelve ages on the opposito side of cted in IBlH, at a cost of a on stone piers, and 1 ,500 inv. there are four bridges viinia canal. Abont a mile e of Manchester ; while on hill, is Sllgo, with its lonj; niannfaotories. These, ami i vicinity, may properly be real con'unercial and inanu- Bges are probably surpassed I made it Uuly a great place; U jwrlion of its greatness, jr manufactnrinK, Pittsburg tural and arliticial, as a com- head of a river, more than lich opens at all tinieo, a sufa largest valley iu the world, ucis,— washed on tho north rivers, which flow from the irgest states in the Union — le Pennsylvania canal, which rania, and which does a very ts line? of completed railroa('f<, , second to but fev inland e city of PitUburg suffered rous conflagrutious that e^-cr ;;:;.,., U.^. con,>Jry: Tho fire broke on.^"|;o>;^-o„^^ ,,, ,•„„„. Hhed, anl ll.« "'''■/j'JVru east TuV^' '''''''■ '"''^ !ic'.;rsEr;;:;:^rr:-.:.nbn;^^;:"lo^..ndi,,^,r..e^ .: M.onrs,-des,r,,yin, al,o>a one O.onsand hous.^ i;;:ili:S\^^:'1.i:::^Sit;'iJ the city, the population svillbonoar lOJ.lHKl. ,1. ,,> Nutcs. ,„. .,„ or ru...a. oeeap., t,. .He ■^;;-^::-:^:;:';::^r! ,,,„„U.uuut Ward 1,«1 !«- sea «.l . f""^'' "'^jj;, ,"„,,,,,, ,, th.m he w.u, ,, 1, I, .. ... ■,..rii.iit(Hl (luioty to eviieuftte, alter wiiun '•'•"". ■"'" ''■' ; ,H L ™ d^- on uLme one of th« .tron,c.t forli- Kroa.-li coaimcncea their fort, vMlu m , nnutd.xk oiuiio over fmra ,.„! n'n-es west of the n.ouiituiu*. lu l.o5, Ocn. BrmWrnK .lu ,^ Lut, with a lar«e re«uh.r „r,ny, for tho y^^r::^:2:^tZX^ ,. try. Tho whole foree ""''- '' ^^T^lr " ft^-t oLwia« of ,,„„area. lie arranged hi« ara>y in two d.vis ou^. tlM ^^^^ t„.,.,ve hundred men, h. «.»Kn...ded in r"-" > - ^^'„^" ' ^ " nearly f-r ,,, ,va, ordered to follow by .low n.arehc. ^"j ;--;''„„ .^J,,„ „f w..k,, the advancinK division arrived on the Sth of July, J Vou..;io«e„y and Monongahela river,. On the morn.ng f t« of >. tb« arn.y cro.,,ed tho river, within ten mile, "' " " ;7^\J;"„ Ju, ,„d course, tboughtlo,, of danger, they were sooa ''""^"J^^'J^, ^^^y,, y,^^. thrown into confu.lon, hy the »»'>-»-.f '''"'^:/. ';,"^^ti°avin« thre. fl.d French .nd Indian.. I'''" »-"'<"'^''"i*"f'^^*,';'J^^'th. field. &e h,mJ«i and llfty private., and twenty-six offlcor., dead upon Ilinddnck'i Field, page 6T- » iniium Pitt determined to ,„ ,7.,8, the ministry, nnder th, <^-y;i^^^Zj^tn^,^ „my of Btrieve the honor of the llrit.sh arm.. They J«^°™'"«J „, y,„^ !,„ ,,„.„ thou.,and men toward the »>''"""« "''»''\'"' '^^ J^",' ' d" t^rmlned to 0„esne. The French commander, deeming '-'»'*"«'.»;';• ^j^^^^, t,„„g „,.naon the fort a, soon a. the British «■";»-'- "^ ,„;, „„d manl. rj;'rrd^:::t::^r-'::^^';^rc..n.,Ld departed ^"^^^f^.i^^VfSS^*^'^'''^'''^ 74 KOITE FROM I'lTTSBURO TO DALTtK'UlK. (Inwii thpOliio t..j.iii 111- K'lMvli tr...ii.< Oil till' '.l>«l»hlp,'i Til" K; .. >h nbi.lU 111.' ff.rt, mil .li;iiiKiM tin- iiamv lo '• I'lll," i» 1ioi;or "f ^\.Uhm I'll , j.rlinc 111 rlslir of (jtvai lliitiiiii IMl'ORTANT PLAfp-.S ON TlIK RnCTn FROM PITTS- 15UU0 TO UAI.TIMORK. fs C"nint»M'!:m<1i r.^iU<\ of AMik'':'")' <•""»'>■, >[nryliinil, Is Bllii-it.'il oil 111" I'dloiiiiic. lTf< iMil.-i riom liiilliiMor.', iiiui on Hie liulliMiori! mill Oliio rmln.iid. ll roiilaiiis a (Miirl-lior,r<.-, iiiiirkn 6 rluirolwH, ii I'lmk. "'rl h,.v.'ImI liol-U. It ooi-U|,ii-s llio «ltM ol Fori Ciiiiili-iliii>l, iiotivl ill 111... cr'« Forry, J'ffTr'nii coimlv, \ irpinla, i» pli-asanlly Mill lU'.'-'in. Iho I'oUiiiiac, at llic nioiilli of III.- Slirimii loali rivir. Tills flonri.iliiMg towuslauas la tli- valloy of tli.> Potoinac, wIut. tliatsln-an. br-uks ils way llirnn;rli the olty piii.iacieH of H iio Rir'L'o, which ris.e tvv.lvc lininlr.-.l f.-et ubov« tin- siirl^acf of tlio riv.-r, wlioso waters ailing through untold centurio-s Imvo worn a wide and di-op channel. ,,, , . , . ■ Harper's Kerry U xixty miles ul-ovc U a^liinclon, and contuins "-, stores, 'J cotton factories, siliialed on llie islaiiil ol \ irginuis, formed hv the Sheiiandoali, 1 foundry, a United Stales Armory ujid National Arsenal, 7 churclii-s, a feiiial,. s.-minar_v, niid Ma- Boiiic, O.ld-lellows, and t^ons of Tei,.|.erance Halls » '"^ C j'';;-'- pcal-t are ni lllClltl' llllll, V waiitri trious * (ill TO DAI.TtV'iIlK. n!i till' 'i;»i.(-hip,'i. 'I'll" K; A hh rill," ill liouor "f Willi im I'll, | ; Rol'Ti: FROM PlTTrf- I'lMORi;. (;h;iiiv coMiity, >[nryl'iiiil, I' 1 liiiiii liillinior'', iiiui on tlic taiii3 u cmirt-lioiiHi', iiiiirkrt, .'U. It 0ls moved to ll.e W ul.«.li: bu the din.ato lint iKMUg h. altliy, lio rc-tuned to I'enn-ylvaiiis. in Is:.',, nnd „„Kl.. K luriro parelmse in Ue»vcr canity. He »■-.« bnilt lb.' town of Kcon- cmy. wliioh now ooi.luin« -.loO lious.-.. : amon- lh.>.. nro «. clioreli, ft public l,.,l'l ft Inr-o woiileii ftiid enttou fftotory. mid ft ifiviTe nuuiLer of w,.rk-slioi.«. The ndnuitiiires iluimed for tie-?.., «nd Miuilur «sM..-i.li.)ns, are ft nioru Pnuftl distril.ution of IftUir ftiid eaidtftl. As tl.iuKS now osist iu soeiety, tlie ►w.at of the mc-chauic fills tl.o coffers of tho rkh, tbo labor of the poor buil.K j^jigf*g»'-'>''''^*'s-'- ""W-'"^- ■' ■'-'^■s'aMesBSfts-j! 70 KOl'TK OF TlIK OHIO BtVKB. Freedom. Heavi-r county, PoiiiiHylvaiii i, Is n mimll iniiiiu- fiu'liiriiisr town, 1,1,-iisiiutly HiHinli-d nu llic Ohio. MrsNr». l-liilli|n mill (Iriilmm ruiiuin'iic.Ml 'imlldinu uslii|-yar(l licrr, in ls:i:i, siuco wliirli timr, Hi'VtTal lar(r" nmiiiUicloricrt havo m>riiiiK i\\> in and ntmiit 111.' town. IWiiic hiiill on ii (j-'Mlly Klopinif hill, it prenouU a lino vi.-w, when »cc>n Iroiii the rivi;r. roiinlutioii, 5t)U. U<':iV<>r Hlvor i.t foniU'J by the liiiloii of tlio MuhoiiliiK niul Sh.-nango rivirs; the foriinT rUos in Ohio, ami llio lultcr in Pfiumylvaiiiu. 'I'lio Mialii rivi-r lias a coiir-io of only about twrnly niilcH. The Htale aulhoritioH liuve crt'ctcd ilanis in Hcvcral placn on the riviT, for the piirposn of rcndiTing a gr.'utiT amount of water power for niannfactturliij; purpows. It U estiiiiiited tli-it there I:) water power Hiiiricieiit to propel several hundred niilla. Bcitvcr, county Heat of Ueuver county, Pennaylvaiiiii, la 8ituated on the Ohio, just btdow the mouth of B.aver river. It is built principally on a Iouk street, runnin(; panillel to the Ohio, uhont forty rods from the bunk of the river. There is a shoal la front of the town, whieli jjreatly obstructs tin; landing. Tim court-house, jail, and three churches, all stand in an open wiuare, through which run.s the main street. Tliere are several large factories aniJ- ■ntd is on the Olii'), ..[.posite tlie mouth of H'aver river. It ,„ntaiii* n large ship vard, and nboiit 400 inhaldtauti. 1 ho roiiddued popnhitioii »( Iheso villages l.s near ID.OOO. <»«'OrB«'IOWII. Heaver county, rciinsylvanlu, is n small villiM'e, situated on the Ohio, forty-four miles below riltsburi;. It i. oih- iiiilo from the Ohio state line, and contains a population 4i!lll*«{(OtV, Columhiann county, Ohio, Is located on the Ohio river, opposite Ceorgetowii. This place has but recently been hi I out ! n niiinher of buildings have been erected, and It has u j.ro.peel of becoming a tliriving town. Livorpuol, Columbiana county, Ohio, is situated on the Ohio river, four miles below (ieorgetown It has fiv_e. schools, iiiiii si'veral eartheii-waru manufactories. Population, 70(». \V«*ll«4Vill«>, Colunihiaim county, Ohio, is four miles below Liverpool, at the month of Yellow creek. This place has an exeilb lit landing, and i.s surrounded hy n rich country. It was Id 1 out in IS'Jl, byWilliam Wells, from whom it derives Its name. The business of tli« town is rapidly increasing; and now thai a find railroad to Cleveland is completed, It will soon become » lirire und Important place. The town contains several churches, iidUs, machine sliops, and stores. Population, 1,'JOO. .\bout two miles below Wellsville, is the place when- Logan, the wliito man's friend, mourned the loss of his murdered family.* Note.t It was near thin pln-e, where the celebrated flght Iwtwcen Poo and the Wyimdotto chief, iiotisl for his size and stren|?tb, Is said to have ociurrcsl. A ILirly of eixht men, amon;; whom were Adam and Andrew Poe, set out in pur- Kiit of some Indians who had been committing murders in the neighborhood, (la the following morning, they came upon an Indian trail. To avoid an ambuscade, Andrew left the party, and crept along the bonk of the rlvor. He had not gone far, tiefore he dlsiwcred Indian rafts fastened at the foot of the banks. Not seeing any one, ho passed softly down the bank, and soon ais-oTcred the giant chief and a small Indian, standing with tbeir guns cocked, looking In the direction of the remainder of the party, who by tbis time had passed some distance down the river. Poc took deliberate aim at the chief; and, had it not been that his rifle missed fire, thli- would have been the Indian's last. The snapping of the gun arrested the atU-ntlon of the Indians: but Poe without a moment's hesitation dropped his gun, and sprung upon them so suddenly, that he soon Buccccded in bringing them to the * See SilUman's Journal for 1836. t Sec Doddridge's Notes. ea!S*»«^s?5fas«f*w=i':'^«5« 7fi ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. i Rrnu.,,1. Th.y Tory soon, how.ver, cxtHrnt,,! t!>..m...Iv<-s. The ItMian ran to tl,.. rafl an,"l ;.'ot l,i. lnm,ilKv«k, to .lispid.!. his ,«!L-r,v.v,l oivmy, wl.il,. tli, chl.'f .u..-«.-.l him cl.,...-ly In his ,..-.ns. I'n>. w„l.-h.-.'. hi. ,„n^o:m.Mt... nn,l wl,.,, ho WIS ,.l«.ut t. ,l.':.l tl„. fital Mow, he pi.ro hiu. Muh a ."i-vi-r,. ku-k. th« h<- knacU.-l th.- u.„K.lu,«k fron. his h.u.h Tho siv;,,-,. „,.pr,m. h<:\ a MTon.l thn. u.or,. ™ntion:'y,hMlw.s „,-.!„ ,lis,T,.oinl<.Y arn.s. Poe, seeing that the Indian was ,-au,inK on hun, deler- n.iued to ren.aiu in the «ater, a.el escape heins shot l.y diving-. liy the tun.' the chief rea.hed tl,e shore, Adam I'oe emu, up r.olh their guns w.r. rmp.y, ami whoever h.a.led first would 1^^ the victor. I'oe 8UC,H.edc, m loading first, aud he shot the Indian ju.st a.s ' , w.u5 in the act ot elevath.s '" StClll»CUVille, coiintv 8o;it of .TellVrso:! -nuntV; Oliio, U Bit.iuted on tlu. ( I'.iio, nineteen inil.s helow Weilsville. I l.o name is (lorivcJ from Fori Steuben, whirli w;is erecle.l in l-^.l, near the I,re.s,.nt site of tin; I'Vniule Seminary. Tl.is lort was jr;irrisone,l bv U. S. infantry, but i.t llie lime of Wayne s victory, it w^is uban,lone.l. SlenbonviMe was lai.l out in 1 .'U.S and >ncori.«r.teJ in 1M)5. The to'.va Blamls npon an elevate.l plMn, in the nii.isl of beantifnl sceinTy. Tl.c snrrouii incr connlry is ricli, niul p.u- (Inces wlioat in gr, at abun.tam-e. Ti.ere are u larp ""■"''.'•^ "f Btores, several clmrcl.es, a baiiU, woolen, (riass, and co Ion laflo. rie.s, und nnmerons inacbine sliops, in ibis i-lace. 1 lioro are a number of public unci select «clu;jW--a nmlo acaJeniy, and a femulo sMninsry. The Bcn.in-.Vvr^.ands on llish street, on an en.iM..nce that comnmnds ". fl.io view of Un- town. 1 was erected at a cost of S40,000, aai employs 1-2 teachers. ""^ ««•"'» ;.^»» 150 pupils, who msiiit be over twelve years ol age. This institu- tion is in a flourishing conJilion, and 1ms u wide spread reputation. The SleuhenviUo and Indiana Railroad, rnnntngr west, vto Co- Bhocton, to Newark, O., and the ^^teubcnville & Pittsburg, aioad rui.niiiK east to this latter place, are now in active progress, thus torinii.K u direct western connection with the Pennsylvania Cen- tral Ro:.-'l fncmy, «liili> llio i-lii'd hU mci\o!iiciit.'> mill wln'n liiii siuh 11 yc'viTo kick, that h<- ivii^'O iii'primc h''il a fiTimil thiin ; I'lv !•)■ Ihrinvlnif lip hi.i ..nil t ("clrii'ut 'il Jiiuifl'lf fi'iiii till! i, aii.l i-hut the 'nahiu tlirmisn 10 to tmuahawk him. The two ■y stulf c.f the banks, they soan iii^' to ilrnwn the otlier. Thvj nt, thut they were ro,, •■■fV..:il U) i-iiurse tiiniiril the slioru, w> end clillll Wi.s i^alllili;? ou hilll, llel.T- ii:i .«\ii)l liy ilivin^'. Hy the tiuv lie up r.otli tlieir guns v.-r- the vietor. I'oe suceeeUeii in ! 5 W115 ill the ttct of elevating JillVrso'.i "miiily, Oliio, 13 low Wfilsvilli-. 'I'liu 11111111) ascrecleil in Hs') r Ih.) Tliis I'ort wu.-J tr:»rriKOiieJ r \Viivi!i'"s virli.iy, it wns I ill IVU:*, mill iucdriior.tej .■leviitoil 1)1:^11, ill tin- "'i^' iijr coiiiilry is ricli, iiiul p.u- iiM-i.' lire u liir}:e miiiibiT uf Ion, ;rl:i^-*i !'i"l coll"" li'<-to- 11 llii.< jiliice. Tliori) are a >H-a iimltf iiciiJmiiy, u'^J a mils uii liij;li strt-et, on ;iu. ijf Ihe town. It was ortcteil •2 teachers, and H«uull/ has yeiirs of nge. This liislitu- las u wiile spreud reputation, road, running west, via Co- ibcnvillc & Pittsburg, a TOttd now in active progress, thus with t!ie F.iiusylvuiiiiiCeii- ■ell us Central Indiana. oonnly.Nir^iiiiii, issitualwl II Wheeling. It was laid out ivcd the naniu of Cliarli'htou, >, , ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. 79 wliicii was afterward ciianged to Wellsburg, in lioiior of Alexan- ,!,.)■ vVells, who built llie first flour warehouse in the state of Oliio. Tlio town is surrounded by hills that abound in coal, tthich is furnished to liio inanufuctories at a few cents per bushel, ..\i.oiil 50,01)0 barrels of tbiir, are annually exported to New i)rl aiis. The present population is near 3,000. Wcllsburfr is a tlourishing place, and contains 6 churches, a jiiii'e number of stores, and manufactories and mills of every 1 iad. Among the noted men who have lived here, may be raeu- ,'i .'d Philip Doddridge, a member of Congress, who died at W ■.Ellington in 183;.% and who wss universally admired for his , lonneuce and fine talents. His brother, the Rev. Dr. Doddridge, ilie author of the " Notes " before refered to, was an Episcopal clergyman in this place. Note. Bethany, 8 mile« ea^t of Wellsburg, is noted m." being the residence of .Vlpxander Campben, the founder of that religious denomination, known as •• tise-pled," or " Christian Ilaptist." The Bethany college was founded In 1341 by Alexander Campbell, and is In a nourishing condition. The town is riii;iU, and contains but few dwellinjfl. Warrvnton, Jefferson county, Ohio, Is a small village, seven miles below Wellsburg. Population, J50. ITIartinsvillc, Belmont county, Ohio, is situated on the river, about a mile above Wheeling. It contains 3 churches, .10 stores, and a population of 500. VIEW OF WHEEIilNO. WlM^linfft county seat of Ohio county, Virginia, is situb- led on the Ohio river, at the mouth of Wheeling creek, on « high alluvial bank, ninety-five miles below Pittsburg. This cttv is surrounded by a range of rough, precipitous hlllB, lu wulch d -»'' imimt.>Jli t wwi;-gC iBSpg^J'*^'^"'-*'*''" ROUTE OF THE OHIO KIVER. 80 IirZ;o,ited vnst qii^i^s of coal. It slMidB on the site of Fort Hcnrv, ami w?m first Ud out in 179:?, an.l now ox ends near two , il^ Hloi.K tli« rivor, and i. the ...ost i.nport;.n town ,i Ivrst rn vTruini. Wheeling creok divides the city in two part, wlic. are connected by a tine stone bridRe. The c.ty .s snppM with vX. raised fron/lhe Ohio. Opposite the c.ty, ...the Olno, , ZaK's 8 an>« "S ' eencral depot for goods which arrive by way of the natioim S,'n.l which are shipped to all parts of the West, along he. numerous canals, railroads, a.id rivers. j„„„.„i„„ The city contains 14 churches of various religious deiiomm- tions. a large number of stores, commission and forward i.g ous^srand I public schools, employing 19 teachers , one fen.Bl seminary of 109 pupils, a male seminary with 93 pupils, and ( ''"The following is a list of the charcered institutions of the city, and their respective capitals : Merchants' & Mechanics' Bank, chartered 1835, capital $540,000 North Western Bank of Virginia, Wheeling Savings Institution, ' Fire & Jtlarine Ins. Co. of Wheeling, ' Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Co., ' Wheeling Gas Company, Wheeling Hotel Co...pa;iy, Wheeling, West Liberty and Bethany Turnpike Company, Wheeling Female Seminary, 1819, 1834, 1832, 1847, 1849, 1849, 1847, 1B48, 792,000 IS,!-.^ 100,000 200,000 50,000 40,000 35,000 18,000 I ^ — . — » RIVER. It BlMids on the site of 179:?, Biiil now extends near le most import!Uit town in j liviiles the city in two parts, iridK"- 'I''"' '^''y '" ""PI''''"'' )posite the city, i" tlie Ohio, of Col. Ebenezcr Zane, oiw 150 acres, u lurge portion of ed with tho city by a bridge 1 This place has received tlio lit by order of Congress, and 1 I which it lies, and which it on City lo St. Louis, passei omniunicution with some of ijiuia. iiro on a largo scale. There , engine factories, 1 nail fac- nails per week, 8 houses for nd woolen factories, 2 paper silk factory. 3 manufactories ogether with a large number und vicinity. Tlie business year, amounted to $3,365,000. also extensive ; it being the rive by way of the national parts of the West, along hei rs. ; various religious denomina- commission and forwarding ] ying 19 teachers ; one female minary with 93 pupils, and 7 riered institutions of the city, lartcred 1835, capital $540,000 ig. »ny 1819, 1834, 1832, 1847, 1849, 1849, 1847, 1848, 792,000 15,!')40 100,000 200,000 50,000 40,000 35,000 18,000 BOHTK OF THE OHIO KlVBR. 81 Wheeling Lyceum. charterea n. . ca,,ua. ,-^ Washington Hall Association, ^^ | J. ,. l^^^' Western Insurance Company, ^^ |^^ < „ g^ Wliciling Hospital, *'^>'"' Tlesides these, it has a handsome court-house, jail and county onK 4 newspier ofTics, 2 daily. 1 weekly, 1 -nonthly and 1 c i-rnonth ™ ^ There is also a telegraph office, connectrng with a he principal cities east and west ; a theater. ";»«?"'«,J'^'''g*^^=: low water mark, is 21 feet wide, and is supported by 1- wire cublereach 1:80 feet long, and 4 inches in diameter, and each iai'iS strands of No^O wire There is a carmg^ -X ^ 17 feet, and two foot-paths, each JJ feet « ide. 1 he towers on he Wheeling side are 153J feet above low water ^''^1'. ^'xl TO eet above the abutment on which it stands ; on the other side hey are 21 feet lower. This stupendous «tructure was built by acompany of capitalists, who obtained a charter m 1847. Aa effor"has been made to have the bridge removed, upon the p ea that t is an obstruction to navigation. The supreme court decid- d U o be such anJ ord.red itl removal. Congress, however, at ts session in 1852, legalized it by converting H in U, a post road. So it will still remain a monument of enterprise and art. I tTiis day of Railway enterprise. Wheeling will not be found behind anyJf her sister cities in the way of progress 1 he great Ohio Cental Road, with its numerous tributaries-the Ba i.nore and Cumberland Road, with numerou.3 short roads, and the WheeCHnd Hempfield road connecting with the Pennsylvania oado Philadelphia: now projected and in course "^ co"«t/"j'^°"^ will all center here, making it the terminus of almost as great a Tv tern of railroads as it hai heretofore been of stage-coach lines. It waT. for a long time, the point at which a very large m^,orlty travelers froil the East, going to.Cincinnal., L..u.svme St Louis. &c., &.C., took steamboats, which leave da ly for C 'icin n^t" alid all point, on the Ohio, and Mississippi rivers, and their '"Whe^'the abov. great iron thoroughfares shall be completed j. wiU become a still |reater resort for travelers, who will hero d. veree to the norti T south, east, and west, via the various roads Iprf^ing through .ut Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, evQP 1 ■-JsawSfiMWSsfeW' 82 ROUTE OP THB OHIO RIVER. to the Purific, ns well as connecting with southern lines to New Orleans, Mobile, itc Wlieelin;; Crceli, risos in tho south-western part of Penusylvunia, and eutiTs the Ohio at Wheeling. The mouth of this stream (Fort Iloiiry) was tho theiitur of some of the most during exploits connecteu with the curly Indian warfare of our country. Not*. Fort Henry. Tbc first Bottleniont was formed htro in 1769, by thrt brothers of tlie nnuio of Zane, together with a email party of emigrants Tho fort, however, wna not built till 1T74, and was at first called Flnco.tle; but in 1776, the name was changed to that of Henry, in honor of latritk Henry, the eloiiuent and jiatriotic Uovernor of Virginia. During Dunmoro'i war it was a placn of refuge for settlers. In the month of September, 1777, tho fort was bcsiegea by a party of fire hundred Indians, led on by tho notorious Simon Oirty, who was then in tho service of tho British government. On the evening of tho 26th of Septem- ber, the settlers in the neighljorhood of Fort Henry were surprised by the smoke and flames proceeding from a block-house, a few miles down the river. They immediately became apprehensive of the approach of Indians, and hastened to seek shelter In tho fort. The garrison numbered forty-two fight- ing men, all well enough supplied with guns, but powder was scarce. Tho night was passed in quiet; but early in tlio morning, the alarm was given; and a party of CftiM.n men, who were sent out to dislodge the enemy, were decoyed into an ambuscade and all killed but three, who made their escape by concealing themselves among the logs and brushes. Another party of thirteen going out to their rescue, shared a like fate. The garrison, now consisting of but fourteen men, was called upon by Cirty to surrender in tho name of his Britannic Majesty. The answer to this summons was a rifle shot, which came near closing forever the savage warfare of Girty. Finding the attempts at frightening of no .avail, they commenced tho work of storming in good earnest. But being without cannon or scaling ladders, their muskete and rifles made no impression on tho walls; while their own ranks were con- stantly thinned l-y iho galling firo of those fourteen well-airaod rifles within the fort. Getting tired of tills mode of warfare, they procured a hollow maple tree, which, ny stopping up one end, and boring atourh-hole, afforded a Bubstitutu for a cannon, with which they expected to be able to annihilate the little fort. Having loaded their extemporaneous weapon to the rnuezle, with stones and pieces of iron, it was brought to licar on tho gate of the fort. The match was appUed, and lol U blow Into ton thousand fragments, kilUng fivo Brid county, several s The 1 portaiice that seel 5on. Eliz slile, aiK Orave o towufri piiper, I liihabita Big mound, and abo atory oi which < Grav with H disco ve In til one as! party o that at found < about i "Th man a ruthlfif the 25l ;0 RIVER. ROUTE OP THE OHIO RIVER. 83 i-ith southern Unco to New llio south-western part of Wl)ci?liiig. The mouth of loiitur of some of the most arly Indian warfare of our ji formed hero in 1769, by thn. th a email party of emigrant? Id wiw at first called FInco.tle ; t of Ilonry, in honor of latritk of Virginia. During Dunmoro'i , was hcsieged Viy a party of five mon Girty, who was then in the evening of the 26th of Septem- irt Henry were Burprisi-d by the 3U80, ft few miles down the riycr. ' the approach of Indians, and rrison numbered forty-two flght- ns, but powder was soarce. The morning, the alarm was given; out to dislodge the enemy, were t three, who made their escape by ■ushes. Another party of thirteen !. The garrison, now consisting irty to surrender in the name of summons was a rifle shot, which e of Girty. Finding the attempts 1 the work of storming in good iling ladders, their muskets and phile their own ranks were con- fourteen well-aimed rifles within ley procured a hollow maple tree, a touch-hole, afforded a Bubstitutu le able to annihilate the little fort, ■apon to the muszle, with stones ir on the gate of the fort. The 1 thouauid fragments, killing five Indians, and wounding as n.any more. It did no more damage to the mriiMin, than a lattery of pou-guns. Tl„.v continued their incir.ciual attempts to dislodf^the garrison until the nnxt morning; when finding every effort unavailing, they raised the Mege .ml dispersed. Their loff< an.cunt.d to nearly one hu..dr.Kl in killed and wo.md«l. The loss of the garrison was, twenty-six killed, and five wounded. Tho.« all fell in the first attak out.'ide the fort, not a man having l-een killed inside the walls, and but one wounded, and ho very slightly. Thus emled this sangiiinary eonllict; .tan.ling in history .is a mouument to the bravery of the early settlers of Wtstcrn rirRiuia. BridSeport, lies directly opposite Wheeling, in Belmont county, Oliio. It contains a church, a saw and grist null, besides several stores und commission houses. , ,, ,„ The national road passing through it, serves to add some Im- nortance to the village, as a depot tor goods f^i.rwarded hrough Cction of country. The population of Bridgeport is about 5un. ,,,.., FlizabCtlltOWn, lies thirteen miles below, on the V irginia si,i7 and is the couuty seat of Marshall county, Virginia. Big K ave creek empties into Ihe Ohio at this point, separating this town from MonndsviUe. The two contain several stores a news- piipor, an academy, and a steam flour mill ; with about 1,^00 laliabitants. , t j. «1» dSrnvp Creek derives its importance from tlie Indian ,no^.d,ash r^fistance from the moutl?. It is 70 feet in hight. mid about 900 feet in circumference at the base. It ba^an observ- atory on top. erected in the year 1837, by Mr. A. B. TomUnson, wliich can be seen from the river. , , „ „ u„ Grave Creek was settled in 1770, by Joseph Tomlinson, who, wiU. a small party, emigrated from Maryland. The mound was discovered by hitn two years afterward. , . . , Trthe month of September, 1777, Capt. Foreman, and twenty- one associates, all settlers of Grave Cre^k. were massacred by a narty of three hundred Indians ; probably a portion of the sanne thit attacked Fort Henry. The following inscription may be found ^a monument erected to the tnen.ory of these brave men, about four miles from the mouth of the stream : "This humble stone is erected to the memory of Capt. Fore- man and twenty-one of his men, who were slain by a band of nTtiiless savages-the aUiesj,i a cMized nation of Europe-on the 25th of September, 1777. go sleep the brave who sink to rest, j. ^ ,,.w,. By all their country'i wishes tileit. , , ^ -», .iK!mtiriist^m»ss^jet^''sS!*'^muU>s O m. . u s ml. 1 g ^.^„.,ric,u>H and Indians, in ll„. ilr?: oft:.:- nuV "fi:n,atUe was called Cu,U.a, in hoao. of the creek, lin whoso hanlis it was loi.ght. T\'ow MJirtillSVillc, thr^o miles below, in Marshul comUyyVirgiuia, is u Hmall village, containing a population of "'rSVrcck, is a small stream rising in Tyler county, Virginia, and e.npties into the Ohio at New Mart.nsv.ho CUirillUtOlI, is situated at the mouth of Sun Fish creek, i„ MonroJc'euuty' Ohio. The country around abcnnuis m bed. of iron and coal. The population ol Clanngton is JOU. Sun Fish CrccK, is a small stream, rising in Monroe cou"y, Ohio, and empties into the Ohio river at Clanngton SistervillC, is twelve miles below, in Tyler county, Vir- mnia Uwa' hid out originally as the county seat ; but from interior. The population of SisterviUe is about .jU. Newport, is a flourisl.iug town, situated twelve m.les below, In Washingto" county, Ohio. The population is about bOO. middle Island Creek, is a small stream rising in Harrison county, Virginia, and emptying into the Ohio nver ut 'VSciuiS'ilf small village, situated on the west baiik of AU" le Wand creek, in Tyler county, Virginia, and conta.us ■^ MSeUat U "i'tuated on the Ohio, nineteen miles below at the mouth o?'the Muskingum river, in Washington county Ohio, and is the seat of justice for th''' C""" [• J^fl^%" built on level cround, and iu consequence of tins, is oticn ever vii : 1 Baptiit, 1 Episcopalian, 1 Universalist. 1 Methodist, German Methodist, 1 Catholic and 1 P'^^^'y f"^"" .... _„„„d, Marietta Colleffe is a huudsomo edifice, with beautiful ground attS It w^scharcered in the year 1835, and was ma ly h tended as a theological seminary ; »»'* t''«"^. ""Jw J^ S; lions of the kind in the country, which rank higher iu tU« confidence of iU patrons than this. In nd( n Ivink, tli;in t\V( The II ■ The i t!ie ear!; u pernii piirly ol I'llll'lUU' diaract and II" jirivatit able ci vi'iirs, jtiveu Aiiloii: whose ITt^H, ' North Ciiiidu' fornuM BWorJ of tin Clerg; niarcl seats. and ll brou( none Tl: are tl one < and i M railr exte ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. 85 RIVER. miles below, In Belmont (1 as being the scene of a LTio.iiis and Indians, in Hi'' IS called CapUiia, in hoiiui jiiglit. niilea bclow, in MarshuU containing u population of n rising in Tyler county, it New Martinavilio. mouth of Sun Fish creek, try around abounds in beds Clarington is 300. stream, rising in Monroo ihio river at Clarington. !low, in Tyler county, Vir- the county seat ; but from t of that honor, which was wn, about nine miles In tlw ille is about 250. , situated twelve miles below, population is about GOO. a small stream rising in ilylng into the Ohio river at B, situated on the west bank unty, Virginia, and contains hio, nineteen miles below, Qt 'or, in Washington county, ,r that county. The city is ■quence of this, is often cver- is long been celebrated for its their beautiful and ornamental of morality and literary intel- I'he churches are 7 in number, Universalist, 1 MethodUt, 1 1 Presbyterian, difice, with beautiful grounds 3 year 1835, and was mainly f ; and there are few institu- f, which rank higher lu ths The early history o( '^'""^'V' ''^j ' . ^ being the place whore t!„.e..rly history of the sUt. "' <'';"^,;, ^''^'j^was settled by u „ perniiineiit sollleiiient was '"^»' I"""'"- i,,„„c„ „f Gen. Uufus ;,'„y of 47 New fc^'.'^'-' .'■[;■;;': ^ ' ^,|'"t '«« men wer« all '„lm.m, in the spring ol t'"" >"" ^ ' ' ,5,^, a„a Htern integrity, characterized by a strict sense "f '""[''"y-jfJJ f^, the trials and r„a 1.0 set of men could ^^1^^^,.^Vu,\.r such favor- ,,Hvations of early pioneers U^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ,,„^,,.^,„a (,, Lble circumstances *''' '' P' f '' ^ "^n,e name of MarietUi was ve;irs, is not to be """"'"""'o f ;„v of J W. "' 1""'°^ «f •'^1""" ,iveu to '^villoge on the 2dday of Jul^^^^^^^^ Louis XVI, Antoinette, the be.uliful M"'^-'" «' "'•= \ ^,,p od day of Sept., ,Wu,se sad fate al are. jcqi—d^ ^^„ ^^ ■ the ITt^H, was assembled ''^p, "' ^emo'iy of opening the court was North-west territory. ,.'^'".,<=\yf,^'Xcor in. A procession was coi,duct.-a wHl> ere-l.'l'g"''y "^ Is Hiu ^^^ ^n,, ,,rawn formed in the f«'l°^^":e °^ '^l, , ^f ,0 Ariny 1 4lh. Members sword; 2d. Citizens; .W. '^*^,'^^f„,°\''b?„^ The Governor and of the Bar; 5lh. »"l.'";'r;"'p„-'";'^oTfconmoi Pleas. They then Clergy; 7th. Judges ol he Co""-' «' ^o"';" ,,^,, ^„j took their uone^f them ventured t° ""'"/'^^X'-ihe stranger in Marietta, The olyects of the .f^^j/^^'^.te numerous in the vicinity; are the Indian mounds, ^^^ ."'^j*' fty-two feet perpendicular. extensive coal region. narmar, is situated o„,Je south side^^^^^^^^ river, directly opposite Manetta. It »»^^^ t^o manufacturing P^poscB. 'j?^^°f„,„r„. gieamboat buildi^^ig has rivf-rs and the falls of the .Mu« ""^^^'J' ^ „f i^^te years. Hi.rmur been carried on to a ^on^'J'-^We extent ^ ^J^^^ ^^^^ ,.^,„^, lr^:.rfyra'Xra:irSSty, half a dozer, stores, and about 1,000 Ihhttbl ants. .',.-,.. ,"^, 4 >• -e^**- S.»*l(inf;«m rlTCT, 113 niilcH from Mariitta, anit la thu miinty scat of Cochoclon county. It wan laid out in the year I SOi, and was i-alled Tuscawara, which name it rctaiiiej until the year ISII, wlum it received its present upiiellation. It contains 4 churches, 2 nowspajicr offices, a flour mlU, and woolen factory, half a dozen stores, and has ii population of 1,000. When the river is very high, Btcamboats occasionally oeccnd as high up M this point. Zanegville Is situated on tho east hank of tho Muskingum river, 80 miles from its mouth. It is the county seat of Muskingum county, f-nd ranks with the principal towns in the state. It was laid out in the year 1799, by Ebenejcr Zane and John Mclntire. and was first called Westbourn, which name it bore until the establishment of a po8t.ofacc, when it received its present name. Tho commerce of Zanesville is considerable, having a trade opened l)y means of steamboats, with Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and New Orleans, ic.. and through the northern part of the state, by uieans of the Otio cacs!, with whiih it is connected by a Bide cut-off at Dresden. The national road also passes through it, and adds considerable to its trade. The natural advantages for manufacturing purposes possessed by Zanesville, are not surpassed by any other town In the state. Besides the immense amount of water power afforded by the river, the surrounding hills abound with beds of bituminous coal, affording ample luppUes of fuel for aU piu> potM. w_^ no RIVER. led in early limes, by l''ort ir 17HG, by u tiotiiclimcnt ol' Miijor Doiijrbty, uiid belong- , ill honor of whoin the fott for soviTul years, whose iluty vicinity. It waa ii bonuliful )nd fort erected in Ohio. is formed by tho junction of ivors, which unite at Cosli- crs which lie wholly iu the in this river, in const'qnencc 'hero havo been niiiny daina r, by wliicli means the river nvigation, are, in a nipasnre, ter power atForded by thoBO s witli the Oliio at Marietta, he hdsul of the JIupkinRiiin tItct, peat of Coplioclon county. It win iisciiwara, which name it retaiiieil ri'Scnt appellation, !fl, a flour mill, unci woolen factory, )f 1,000. occasionally aeccnd as high up m lank of the MuRkingum river, 80 t of Muskingum county, uml ranks was laid out in the year 1799, by »aa first called Wostbourn, which a p08t.of8cc, when it received Its lie is considerable, having a traJe jurgh, Cincinnati and New Orleans, scaxc, by iiivous u* *i*u vii*w m>i..'., IT at Presden. The n&tioual road ble to its trade. Qg purposes possessed by Zanoeville, the 8tate. Besides the immense vor, the surrounding hills abound imiile luppUeB of fuel for »U pu^ ROCTK OF THE 01110 RIVER. 87 TlH. Ohio Central Ila.lroad passes through ZanesvilUs and is now In opera- ,i,„ ,hu«-e to Colaml>us, councting «ith Sa„a.,sKy and C eveluud roa,.« .. Nounrk, U,Uin« .ou.ty. A dirct roa.1 to Ciu,- innat,, via l-"- -^ Wilmington, is now uoder coutract and progressing rapuily. A '™"^> -1' 1 o Cl«v:iana, via ARron and Hudson, is also un.Ur .ootra-t^ «1. a ,,„.. various roads shall l.< oomi.!,!,..! they will doubtless add much to the Hivu-ly prosperous b.i.iiiess of this enterprising place. Zan, sMllo is divia.M into South and West Zanesvillo, an,l /ane.villo prop- „ The.e are dlvi.led by the river, over which are l,rUlges, .nnnecting them with , u.h other and with (he vningo of Putnan,, a short ..Istanc, » 1.,. ,hur,hcs of Zu„Mvm.. u,o 14 in ..un>l. r, vi« : 3 Lutheran 2 Baptist, o M ..hodist Kpls opal. 1 ITotcant Methodist, 1 Universalist, 1 r'seop.. .an. " Cdh. lie, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 African. It contains, also, , Hour mills 6 ;a«'-n,ins, 2 oil inills, 1 paper mill ou the late improved plan, 7 iron founde- rw, 2 glas, factories, 2 manuf.Klories of -rockery ware, 4 ma.h.ne shops, i ,vc,o en fa.l«rics. 1 shoc-last manufactory, U-sldes numerous other, of minor ;„„,ortunee. There are 6 printing offices, each issuing a week y pap«r,ana „ 1 an.lsome Od.i-fcllows Hall, r..ei,tly ere.-ted at a cost of »18,000. F^r the education of the young, Zanesville has many and superior adv.n- uZ There are two large buildings, one for males, and the other .or femal.-s ;h capable of holding three hundred scholars, which contain schoo s a. CO duct... as any institution of the kind in the state, H--^-"^ J ,,., ng to the town, and were built under the dirct.or. of the late Jolm Mclnte who left his entire estate, to found and sustain a school for ho 1^0 the poor, m these schools, the poor, who are unable topay. have he 1 Id antages as the walthy, who are charged a niodera e compensat ou There are also district schools in West and South Zanesville, which are free to all who are willing to attend. Besides these, there is a handsome court- house with public ofilces in the west wing, and an atheneum >n the east w n^ m whlh there is a library of over 9000 volumes, and a cabinet of S;! There is also a market house.abank, and a juvenile lyceum, with ' r 7o:"plied With water from a reservoir, on a hill ICO feet high Tlie water is for^d up by means of a powerful force P-P; '' ^^^f^ conducted through the town by means of iron pipes, as is usual m cities 'lUe pupuiMviwu c. .# V.nn.vllls !< .,-_ .. ..^„..„,_ ,. 8.000, StcamboaU arrive and depart almost dally, '"^.g^ leave daily for Wheeling, in connection with OhioCen- tral Railway, and three times a week for Marietta. Put»-in,l.» ™a" village, situated opposite Zanesville, Iu the same Putn«m,»» ™ » office, one Methodist, and one Prcsbyterlau ,;3(^^>«J««!.1SW*»!«>'.'«^< -*,i«.,,*fc.«»»*n««»^5»««w«*"-'***^''* ' 68 nOL'TK OF TIIK OHIO KIVKR. with furniture t r., wn« more than f'.'O.WM. The ori.-inal namo of th» town wiw SpriiiKfli'lil, t'ut lliiro iM-inp nnotli.r tiiwii r>f that n.nmo in the nuto. it wan nlmiiiii'il t'«iiit name, which was that of its fimudur, Eilivin Futuam. Tlie |>opulatlon 1» about 1,200. Vi<'llli:i« a iilrnsailt littlo villi|)ululion is uhout ;t,5(K). ltl>l|>l'r< or "Ueauliful Meadow," opposite Purkersburgh, In Washington county, Ohio, is a pleasant place, extending about two miles along the river. It was first s, tiled In the year 17S9. The Cincinnati and Uelpre Railroad terniiiiatcs licre. Popula- tion, LfjIJO. The liittlR Kanawha Rivor, rises In Braxton county, Virginia, and flows in a north-westerly direction, and empties into the t ihio just below Parkerabnrgh. ISIanncrhnssctt's Island, a beautifnl Island In ilio Ohio, two miles below Belpre, is remarkablu as being the residence of one of the most unfortunate men that ever landed on our Bliores. Herman BlonnerhiJs.sett, an Irishman by birth, who left the verdant home of childhood, in company with Ills wife, to seek that quiet among strangers, which the disturbed state of his country denied him ar. home, found, in 1798, a dreary island in tlie Ohio, upon which he resolved to spend the remnant of his days. In u short time this Island was transformed into one of the most enchanting spots in the country — disturbed not by the jarring sounds of a tumultuous city, or the wild excitement of politics, the years of his life seemed to glide along as smoothly as the waters of the beautiful river that passed his island homo. But alas I how uncertain and how fleeting are the pleasures of life ! Little did he think that there was one, high in the honors of his adopted country, who, one day, would heap dishonor upon his head, and send liim, broken-hearted, to die In a distant land. This island will ever remain as a memento of the fate of its unfortunate proprietor, the story of whosa wroug* has been rendered immortal by the genius of Wirt. • -u« .xi.,.. The pooirly iiiiuiy I his '^w A lie lie we II,- wa talents guajie parlier l!ur was k an em (■eiel)r iirrive Klanii einbal made boats his m (hi tl (■■.I ml dcsce whor his pi 17th of M was ] ting Tom forti of tl Two of tl Unit Bl Afte the retu inde the 1 mot pori vie^ »;»*»''i' ^ 9 RIVER. The orLlnal nHino of th» town II nf tlml n.nnin in the stntr. it UN Ihut of Ita fuuudisr, Kdwin is sitiiiitcil on the Ohio, In ilaiid ul' tlic Huiiie niimr. ly, Virginia, is plpasiiiitly Ihii I.itlli; Kanawliii rivi-r. \\ii usual piihllc buildings, of various kinds, about a ha Nurth-westfrn Virginia all and Belpri! road, leruii- ' opposite Parkersburgh, In lilt place, extending about 3t s^' l>'"-"iK'""-'- "f '''^ wife caused r,ny^or the most dUtingni-lied men in the country to become '"' Al'te'r Uie d.f.nl of Anron Burr. In 1804, for the \ice rrrsldency, |,,A to New York and became a can,lMate for (Jov. nior. .. as opi.osed I.V Ila,Milton. a man of lilK'h mind and excele t ale IH ^ arrwas defeat-d, a.el taking advantage of some bu- g trnse ' by hi. opponent, eb.lUnged him to fight « .luel. 1 he ''^'51;;;:::; rl'g t;::u':^ hlie of fntur . db^inClon in th. Kast f r V .r l.wt (leti'maiied to separate (:.•• I'uion, and establish wasf,.rev. . ..M ra.ni It ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ,_.^ ;;" :;:;!a . :' ^^u'v. s^sLate, and o,. .m. .mh of Apm. u. ■ .Till Pi.tslnirKh. He soon r.-paired to the residence of ^ : nerlll anS^Huade,! him to'join in .!.■ conspiracy aju^ 1 rl- .11 ills forti lie in the scheme. From this point. Burr ;:: L: s .s o Ohio and Kentncky, obtaining money, men. o . and , rovisioiis. When his real .lesigns became known, all ifinoven en s were watched, and his plans constantly deleated. iiZl ho n'eember, IHOG, he arrived a. the month of ( -, ■ ,XrU i river, with only about IdO rnen ; with thes. he le'cende he Mississippi river, flen. Wilkinson, however of Im on. Bur had made a' confidant, had inlo. ,ed the I'r-^l^^ent of hi. dans and was aulhorizea to arrest hi... ' ^'"'T .Pi! ,h o Ja uary. 1^07, Burr gave Imnself u,. to the '■"'"'r.t es MissisMppi territory, and underwent an examination. He ™ Teed under bonds, and while the grand jury were investiga- IB he case, he made his escape. He was arrested on the T fnl^iU ri^er. on his way to Floriua. »" _ -' J?.^f- --^ for trial. His examination was coiumenced in the *-''rf "".\""" of the United Stat.s, belore Judge Marshall, on the 2ad of May. TwobiM were found against him ; Imt, contrary to the w.shes of the Fresh cut, the suit was discontinued on the part of the Un led suites, and ho soon alter left the country for Europe. "^ Brantre^ha.4..t was also ac,ui,led, but he -s a rmned man After wanderiiir from place to place, he .i»He.ii awuy. '{"lie valley of tlie lloeltlioeUinir appears, imm recent invefti- jratloiir', to Irnve once lieoii covereil Willi yellow pine forents, iiie reiiiiiins of wliicll are fo Iw Heeii. 'I'liere has li'.u (oniiii, in several iiionniis that have been opeiicMl, Bcatter -i aiiicng tlio Imman liones, the rliarce.l of pine wooil ; wliiidi ; ilow-; tliat at thi) lime of their erection, thin was tlio provuili.ig trca of tl»« jurest. . _ _ . Note. Atlirnn, eoiinty sent nf Atliens (•nunty, Ohin, is mtimteit on tho Ilock- lioi'tiin;; river, ntout ~i mili;ii Routli-easl I'niiu ('e'i'iil.iis. It bwamc ilire omity 8PntlTi IS05, nnil nowfontainKnovvnil ihiiiTlun. mJulioiil iOstoren. It In tlif Pent of tlio Ohio UnivcrmtT, tho oldeft rollo(;ii In tho s'Rte. Tho Ohio I'niTor.iily wtw fouiiainl in 1819, ami onjowed, liy C.jiij;rpsii, with two town- fhipn of lanil, containing 40,000 acnn, yUddinn an annual income of $5,000. At ono time, through liad managomcnt or otliir cuupo, the Institution wm nearly defunct, tint It ha» slnco revived. It iiumLora among its graduates many prominent men of our day. Tho popnlatiou of Athens Ir about lOOC. Staged leave daily for all tho principal points in tho state. About four miles from Atlions, tliere are several mounds, fortifications and gateways. From ono mound there were laken over one thousand perches of stone, dilTering from any now found in the vicinity, for the purpose of con- structlnp; a dam across the river. There were aliio found copper riiifS and other curious relics. There arc In this region many fossil relics, bearing devices and figures, so ingeniously wrought as to induce the belief that they were the work of man lieforo the flood, and which iKcarao buried in heaps of sandstone, and afterwards consolidated into rocli. Tho strata which extends through this region, forms one vast cemetery, in which are deposited speci- mens of those plant< that existed in the early ages of tho world. Belleville^ situated at tho mouth of Lee's crock, In Wood county, Virginia, four miles below Troy, is a small but beautiful Tillage. In early times it was the scene of many tragical events enacted by the merciless s&vago. It was settled in tho year 1765, 3. **»»fft*»-^i.*ll ' ^ ixff^'r no lUVKB. i-s in Fiiirfii'lii roiinty, Ohio, ily iiiil.s, filters llic Ohio it 1' liidi ins, III cohsi-qiUMic.' ;; ci'H, Id a Ixillle. It is imvi^ii Si von iiiiloM froii liUnnusl. r rooks, forty fi'ct lii|r|i. 'I'iio lids ill roiiniitu'. ii.oiicry, ami iiiiiiiy miri.'iit moil mis uud Olid niiii'." p.iaHfd iiwuy. ipprars, uoni rccrjit iiivefti- willi yillovv iiiiiti t'orcHlH, vi'.e 'I'lii'Vi! liiiH li-'ii lonnd, ill HMiKil, BciilliT "i aiiiciig tlie wood ; wliiidi ; ;liiw-; tliat at Lts tlio provuili.ig Ilea of the ly, Oliin, is mtuatcj ca the IIoi It- I'riiiu Ci'iu'iliiu. It bcioamc ilw [vl ^■h^u■t'lK^. ,inU ttliotil 20 stores. It I'ft roll('(;(i In tlie s'Rti!. Tlio OLIo dwimI, liy C.jnj;rrsii, witli two town- ■lUin;? Ml annual income of $S,000. )r otliir I'uupo, tlie Institution wa» It iiuml'erH timong it^ graduates ^piilatioD of Athens Ir about lOOC. nts in tho state. f several mounds, fortifications and '.nkon over one thousand perches of [le vicinity, fur the purpose of cnn- .' were aliin found copper riiifS and rei?ion many fossil relies, bearing lit as to induce the lu'llef that they lid which iKcarao buried In heaps of ito rock. The strata which extends ctery, in which are deposited sped- sarly ages of tho world. louth of Lee's creek, In Wood ' Troy, is a small but beautiful scene of many tragical events It was settled in tho year 1785, «.<; ,> H iiy^ffpir i?V.;T7:^' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ,50 "^ i^ 1^ 1^ II 2.2 i "^ IIJIM ll'-8 II '-^ 1 '-^ I.I 1.25 < — 6" ^ L- fliotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ,\ iV •N? \\ Lv 6^ ■'^ '4^ '9) CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques ^^«*; ROUTE or THE OHIO RIVKE. m by Josopli Wood, Esq., who. In company with soine others, emierutt-d from Pittsburgh. Tlio next year they erected block- housBS to dcl'eiid tlicmsnlvca from tlio Iiidiuus, who became cxlrc.nely troublesome, by the many depredu :nns whicli they coinmiltcd on the unolTending Bottlers. WlurraysvillC, five miles below Belleville, in Jackson county, Virginia, is a small village of minor importance. There have been several steamboats built here lately, which shows that efforts are being made toward progression. Shade Rll'Cr, is a small stream rising in Meigs county, Ohio, and emptying into the Ohio one milo below Murraysvillo. In by-goiie days the mouth of this river was the spot where the Scioto Indians crossed, after their marauding expeditions in Vir- ginia. The place was known by the name of the " DeeU't Hole," tor many years. RavcnSWOOd, lies eleven miles below, in Jackson county, Virginia. It contains 2 churches, 2 school-houses, and one largo mill; with a population of 350. The country around is finely adapted for grazing, and large numbers of cattle and sheep are raised. Although Kavenswood is only ten years old, it is quite a businesB place, and bids fair to make a large town iu time. te Tartsvllle, is a small village, situated twenty-three miles below Ravenswood, in Meigs county, Ohio. It lies opposite an island of the same name in the Ohio river. Oraham'S Station, lies six miles below, on the Ohio, In the same county. It is quite a small village, and is of no partic- ular importance. Its population is 120. Pomcroy, is situated eight miles below, and is the county seat of Meigs county, Ohio. It is located in the midst of wild and romantic scenery, and is overhung by a lofty and precipitous hill, leaving not more than twenty-five rods for the width of the town, which extends along the river for more than a mile. There are 6 churches, a court-house, printing office, 20 stores, several founderies, mills, machine shops, carding machines, tan-yards, &.C., &,c. The population is about 2,000. Steam engines are used exclusively for driving machinery, of which there are about a dozen in constant operation. Pomeroy derives its importance solely from the coal mining business, which is carried on vcry.extensively. The first cool dug here was in the year IfilD ; but the business was not com- menced in good earnest, until the year 1832, when Mr. Samuel Pomeroy, having purchased a share of the coal land, formed a eonipaoy, eonsistiug of biinaelf, two sous, and two sons-in-law, i^ill m 92 ROUTE OF THB OUIO RIVKB. un(l«r the firm of Pomoroy, Sons & Co. Si ico llmt tim« m.nmg has bee i ■ 'i important businrss iit Pomeroy. 'I li.' iiiiniiul product of til ^ t.-i mines is now catimiited at 2,000,000 bualiels, iind is constuitly increasing. <'«al|»OVl, situated one niiln below, on the same side of the river, and in the same county, is the principiil depot of the Pomeroy mining company. Railways are laid from the hill» to the river, where tlie boats lie to receive the coal. ITIiddlcport, lying alongside of Coalport, has been recently laid out for the uccomuiodutioii of tho rapidly iucrcasiug coiJ trade. Sheffield, is a small flourishing village adjoining Middleport, and may be considered part of tho sumo town. Point Piciiwmt, the county seat of Mason county, Vir- ginia, is situated twelve miles b I" . n ■' '' ' 'K ^,,|i,„,„ „-,. i.^Hmr to the .leptli of ji:rC-d f '^ , 'dr :i!:: surf icc. there may be found streams of water higlily impregnated with salt, whicl. gush up.n immense columns, high above tho level of the ground. ThesJlt ts manufaclnred ^y evaporutioii, wh Ic , is (..rned on by a steam process. There are now over 3,000,000 bu.hels manufactured annually. . , . , The river above the sidines has numerous falls and rapids, being in character with the surrounding country which is exceedingly rocky and mountainous. On too banks of New river, about en miles from its junction with the Gauley, (the two lormlne the Kanawha,) is a rugged pillar of rocks rising to the bight ot one fhousund leet per^^idi^ular. It was formerly '"«'«'" Ify'''.^ name of " Hawk's Nest," but is now calle.l " Marshall s Pillar, in honor of Chief Justice Marshall, who once stood on the summit and measured the distance to the valley below. This pillar, with the accompanying scenery, has never failed to impress the beholder with the subliniest thoughts, and the grand- est conceptions of the works of nature; and no traveler who finds himself ill this vicinity sliould fail to pay a visit to this stupendous monument of nature's handy work. OallipoliK, situated four miles below Point Pleasant, is the county seat of Gallia county. Ohio. It was settled by a comimny of French, who emigrated to this place in the year 17J1. lliey were iiartieularly unfitted for the hardships and privations of a backwoods life, being mostly persons who were raised amidst tho eaities and luxuries of Paris. Consequently, for a foNV years, they suffered considerably. But being of a live y, vivacious turn, they succeeded in time, in accommodating themselves to the circumstances I i which they were placed. There are now in Gallipolis, .3 churches, 2 newspaper offices, 17 stores, and about 1,800 inhabitants. Mlllevsport, is a small village in Lawrence county, Ohio, twenty-live miles below Gallipolis, containing about 40 houses, 4 stores, and a population of 130. OnyandOttO, thirteen miles below, in Cabell county, Vir- ginia, is a place of considerable importance as a point of steamboat embarkation and debarkation. The village contains a church, 10 stores, 1 or a saw-mills, and is flourishing very rapidly. Tho population, which is steadily on the Increase, is about 1,000. At this point persons from the South and West, going to tli« Virginia Springs, usually disembark from the steamboats and ■ -i^^Egssi^iss«s®f ■■ ;it ■li n 94 ROOTS OF TUB OHIO RIVER. tiike the staee. Stages leave here three timei a week for Klch- moud, Wusliiiigtoii, uud Uultimore, via the While Sulplmr bpriugs. THE VIRGINIA SPRINGS. ..s The most fn-nuentod of these are the Wliito Sulphur Springs, silimted ill Howard's creek valley, lu Greenbrier county, on a brunch of the Greenbrier river. . Thcv are a ereat resort for invalids, and those in search of amusement and pastime, and the waters are thought to possess medicinal virtues in an eminent degree particularly u chronic diseases. They contain chloride of sodium, sulphate of soda, carbonate of niagnesia, sulphate of lime, oxide of iron, 8,.lphate of magnesia, nrecipitated sulphur, phosphate of lime, iodine, and organic mu tie, . The gases which enter into their <=o>nP°«'l'°"' "f hydrogen, nitiogen, carbonic acid, and sulphurated bydrogen. The scenery in the neighborhood of these springs is beautiful uud romantic ; encircled by bold and lofty mounUius, and traversed by bright and shining'rivulets. There are few places m the countr^r that possess greater charms for the eye of the paintor than this lovely valley. Thirty-five miles to the north. In the county of Bath, are the Warm Springs, one of the o dest water- h"g places in the state. The waters are very clear and transparent, and have a temperature of 98° Fahrenheit. .,„.„„„ The Hot Springs lie five miles to the southward, in the same county. There have been excellent arrangements made at theso spring, for the accommodation of patiente, both male and female. The waters vary in temperature from 98° to 10l>=i. n the eastern extremity of Monroe county, are the Sweet Sorincs. Theso are highly recommended on account of the EVwers with which tLir waters are said to be possessed. The temperature of the water is 73° Fahrenheit The Salt Sulphur Springs are also situated in Monroe county, and are higlily celebrated for the medical properties of their waters, and uJsuperior accommodations for invalids and visitors. '^'^l.leTiSiVurSiSio n^Ss-to the southward in the same county The wLter is cool and transparent. The teinper- "* The 'Blue Sulphur Spring, situated on a small stream which emotTes into the Greenbrier river, enjoys a high reputation for. ZCedical properties of its waters. It is cousequouUy laucli frequented by invalids, during the summer season. ,j, . , .stge g RITER. rce time^ a week for Kicb- the White Sulplmr Springs. SPRINGS. tho Wliito Sulpliur Springs, lu Greenbrier county, on a ids, and those in seorch of iters are tliought to possess rree, particularly In clironic ■" sodium, sulphate of soda, imc, oxide of iron, wilphato losphatc of lime, iodine, and er into their composition, nro and sulphurated hydrogen, these springs is beautiful uud fty mountains, and traversed here are few places in the s for the eye of tho painter e miles to the north, in tho ngs, one of the oldest water- re very clear and transparent, enheit. ) the southward, in the same , arrangoments made at theso iticnts, both male and female. ,m 98° to 10G3. iiroo county, are the Sweet imondod on account of the lers are said to bo possessed. ° Fahrenheit. 10 situated in Monroe county, medical properties of their lions for invalids and visitors. J 603. miles to tho southward, in the id transparent. The temper- ed on a small streans which enjoys a high reputation for. rs. It is couseqiwutly uucli summer season, t :»».•:««»»» ' ROUTE OF THE OHIO KIVER. 95 OnyaildOttC Blvcr rises in Virginia, near the great flat- top mouiiti.ius, ui.d empties into the Ohio at Onyandotte. Proelorville. a small villago, in Lawrence county, Uhlo, lies nearly opposite Guyandotte. BurlllllCtOll, eight miles below, ronnty-seat of Lawrence county, Ohio, is a sn.ftll villuge containing a court-house, two chnrches, and half a dozen stores. Popnlution, 4UU. The country around Burlington abounds in iron ore. 1 here are now twenty-one furnaces iu operation, annually turning out about .'W.OnO tons of pig iron, valued at $1 ,125,0 )U. The Biff Sandy Bivcr, four miles below, rises in the Al*ghany n.ountains, and empties into the Ohio at Callettsburg It 8 navigable as far as the mountains, and for nearly v»o hundred , iL fZs the boundary line between Virginia and KoutucKy CatletttiiburK, situated at the moHth of ..lu Utg bandy river" in Greenup county, Kentucky, forms th. extreme north- ern' point of the state'. The Maysvi le & Big fc^andy, and tha Lexineton & Big Sandy Railroads, terminate hero. iron on, Lawrence county, Ohio, ..no miles below was commenced in June, 184U, by the "Ohio Iron and Coal Com- PANV."^ It is located on a bank of the river, above the li^^es fres heU. in the midst of the richest iron and coal region of Ohio and Kentucky, has 35 blast furnaces in its vicinity, and is con- nected by raifroad with the mineral regions in the north Mass- Tve pies of b ck and mortar occupy the place, and 2000 persons now'^ find profitable employment where three years since was ohingbu'^^ a cornfield: st.*m engines, locomotives, '"llw^y ««". machinery, stoves, hollow ware, axes, &c.,are manufactured ex- ^nslvnly There are, also, founderles, rolling-m.lU, planing- miUric. Intoxicating drink, are not allowed to be sold w.thia ''liaiVing Bock, four miles below. In Lawrence county o" Lar"%ua„titiesof iron are shipped fr""™ this port. A raZad about fifteen miles in '«"f ''.=»"'"?'« '^''P'"'=„'',rsi the Iron reeions. It contains a church, ha f a dozen W"'''*. » orge rolUnI mill, and foundry, with V^P"'"^'"" 1»^°"S Wreenupslmrg, county-seat of Greenup county, Ken- tucky sTx"rs below at the mouth of the 1 ittle S^n^yriver. was laid out in the year'l8l8, and now contains a «"« '"B^ <:°"^: house, church, school-house, 11 stores, and a number of mechaa- '"Tt/LmrSandrBlver. rise, in Carter county. Ken- tuckv and empties into the Ohio at Groouupsburg. Wi.^K5«bur|r, eight mile, below, m Sdoto county. O.. Is a email but flourUhing village. Population, 30U. 7 'i-- w ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. Portsmouth, couuty-seat of Scioto county, Ohio, Is sit- uated twelve miles below, at the mouth of the Scioto river, and also at the pouthern terminus of the Ohio canal. Portsmouth Bti-niU III a most advantaBeous situation for trade. b*lng connect- ed by the Ohio canal with the great lakes on the north, as well as the most fertile agricultural districts in the State of Ohio. Tho iron region being In the vicinity, also adds considerable weight °The Scioto and Hocking Valley Railway, connecting with tho Ohio Central and other roads at Newark, and now under contract, has Its southern terminus here. The Maysville and Big Sandy Railroad will connect with the above road at this place, also, mak- ing quite a thoroughfare of it. Stages leave daily for Colum- bus, via LucasviUe, Tiketon, Waverly, Chilllcothe, Circlevllle, &c. Steamboats leave daily for all points on the Ohio river. A company of capitalists have now in process of erection, on the opposite side of the Scioto, a basin with dry-docks for build- iiig and repairing steamboats. The town now contains a fine court-house, 1 Methodist, I Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Catholic church, 2 well-conducted free schools, one for boys, and the other for girls, a rolling mill, oil mill, carding machine, two printing offices, several founderios, about 40 stores, and a popula- tion of about 3,500. ... _ i„. „r In the vicinity of Portsmouth are to be seen the remains or many ancient works, which have excited considerable curiosity among the antiquarians of our day. ., The Ohio Canal, one of the first great public works of the state, was commenced in the year 1825, and finished in 1832, at a cost of $5,000,000. It traverses the f"'"" .'ongth °f the state from north to south. After leaving Portsmouth it takes its direction almost due north for the space of ninety miles crossing the Scioto river twice In its course ; it then takes an easterly direction, passing through the valley of the Tuscawara, then diverging to the northward again, passes through the valley ofihe Cuyahoga, and continuing in this direct on. connects with Lake Erie at Cleveland. Its length is 307 miles. There are 152 locks, and 8 branches. The Co umbus branch, connecting the city of Columbus with the 7'" ^nc »« miles in length. The Lancaster branch, extending to Lancaster, "nine miles long. The Athens branch is an extension of the Lanci^ter bi^nchf and is called the Hocking canal. lU length is fiftv miles. The Zauesville branch extends to the town of Zanes- Ji7e,™nd is fourteen mile. long. T':; Walhondin. cana^ Is a oranch of the Ohio, commencing at the t"*" °f/j^««r> '"* crossing the valley of the Mohlcau. ItB length is twenty-five ir a V t' ri r c f t c c a no RIVKR. Scioto county, Ohio, Is slt- luth of the Scioto river, and e Ohio canal. Portsmouth Ion for trade. b*lng connect- lakes on the north, as well ts in the State of Ohio. The Iso adds considerable weight ailway, connecting with the irk, and now under contract, e Maysville and Big Sandy road at this place, also, mak- iges leave daily for Colum- rly, Chillicothe, Circlevllle, [joints on the Ohio river, iw in process of erection, on iin with dry-docks for build- 3 town now contains a fine jpul, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 ree schools, one for boys, and I mill, carding machine, two bout 40 stores, and a popula- 1 to be seen the remains of xcited considerable curiosity the first great public works e year 1B35, and finished in iraverses the entire length of •r leaving Portsmouth it takes r the space of ninety miles, its course ; it then takes an the Vftlley of the Tuscawara, lin, passes through the valley in this direction, connects eugth is 307 miles. ihes. The Columbus branch, with the main canal, is teu anch, extending to Lancaster, )ranch is an extension of the Hocking canal. Ita length is extends to the town of Zanes- Th" Walhonding canal is a at the town of Rosooe, and lU. ItB length is twenty-fiva •nilMi The Granville branch extends to the villiige of Grunville, and is six miles long. The Eastport branch extends to the village of Eastport, and is four miles long. The pre«,len branch, two miles long, connects the Ol.io canal with the Musku.gum rWer, a d thro.lgh the .ne..n.. of locks and dams, with the Ohio river at Marietta Besides these, there is the San.ly and Beaver canal which may be considered a branch of the Ohio. It extends from the village of Bolivar to the .noutl. of Heaver creek, about thbty miles below Pittsburgh. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal extends from Akron till it meets a division of Pf"')^'™ canal near the town of New Castle. ^LenfJt ' in Ohio 7< miles, «nd lu Fenusylvania, 8 miles. Cost $7b4,.*7J. The following table contains a list of places and dintances on Canal ana branches, between Portsmouth and Cleveland: the Ohio Jasper, Waverly, SharonTiUe, Chillicothe, Deer Creek, CircleTiUo, Bloomfleld, COLCMBUS, Loekbum, Columbus and Lsncaater) road, ) Waterloo, Carroll, Ilavensport, Baltimore, Millersport, Hebron, Newark, Licking, Nasport, Frazee«burg, Dresden, ' Webbsport, SUllweU's I.fiv -t a^>« ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ Chiniootho 1. excolleuf. »''« «''"'; ''^.^I'^tlphia in thi, re,p<-et. Th. „«,tin, at rl.ht an.lc. -;»; -;:;^' , ,^ : ?'„' eminent degree. «cn«y m th. vicinity is beautiful »'"' ;"""' ^.^^ ^ o.^n Nathaniel e,.,,.othe.a3ia.a.,utlnthen.nthof^ Mai'Rie, or. his own land, lie «» „,„i,„„nti. the village improved H. Thu„ by holding out '^^^"-''-'^l^ ^ZT^^ of govern^.ent of the „pUlly. in the year ^>^<^' ^,'>"f'''l'lX^^ ^^^^^ tg>»lat«re for two N„rlh.we,t territory from ^'"^^XL"^ ^X^T^^o.^, whU-h wa. al»ou«^ -^rr;:!::^ -::rrthl waa.bUllard U«e ana other paraphernalia of a f "'»'';"« '^i-^i^'.^ ,^„„ai„g. The conatitutlon of The old »'»te-hou»e finished in 180ii.ja. Z ^^ ^^^^^^^^ the State of Ohio was frameu m this ^""^"^ Legiri.ture con- ,80M.omwhi,htin,eOhiowa.unlnde^^^^^^^^^^^ In the spring of 185^ ChUllcotnc principal cities and which a very •'-^y -°7* P.^ ^^S to hl-^..^,.' With true Amert- to,„. of Ohio ^"'^^"'-l;'^^ ^'^r^, ,^^^ Lm it, BShe. yet more beautiful, en energy it has again, P''^'*-'^ '*''', ^,^, ,„.. ^ Methodist. 2 Presbyt*. Chimcthe now contains ^,^''' ""' ;^";\''7.;^,,^„t Metho,list, 1 Baptist, ri„, I Associate Reformed l'-^^^^/^^' Xrnan Methodist, and 2 Af- 1 Episcopal. 1 Catholic. 1 German •>»th«an. 1 U ^ ,^„,„f ,„i. riea^. It has also 1 "''^'-''^n'flour mUUand 4 porK ;acicing establish- CUB Itlnds, 5 newspapers, 1 bank, 5 fl""^ >""> ;;„»»,„„ fo/trade. Being th. „ents. Ohliiicotheoccuples an a^v^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^,, ,.„ Ohio Hver by »naU * M«ietU BaUroad p..«. through thl. place. ^ „,„ CANAt. lAL. n 119 mllci!; to l,»ncii»ter, 9 1 inilci-; to ArHENS. 15 niUei. y, lion on the. ""t *"">'' "^ ^^* It in fortj-flve ii.lles north of Columbus. It is nitimtfd on • Hliove tho rivtr. The plan of laid out brood unU utraiKht, lilailolphm in this rei.pMt. Thu itic In »n eminent degree. \uRUBt, 1790, by Ocn Nathaniel every one who chose to settle on migrants, the village improved •d the seat of government of the , place. The legislature for two y log house, which was also used , there was a billiard Uble and St standing. The constitution of on the firht Monday of November, ,dent state. The Legislature con- , Zanesville came in for the honor. ,>the, and iu 181B Columbus was , continued to be to tbU day, and some t'mie to come, most entirely consumed by fire, by as lost. The principal ciUes and , the sufferers. With true Ameri- 1 from its BSbes yet more beautiful, hes, viz. : i Methodist, 2 Presbyte. 1 r'rotestant Methodist, 1 Baptist, an, 1 German Methodist, and 2 Af- fc'male semin-ry, 60 stores of vari- nills and 4 pork-pacttlng establish- ,.ous situation for trade. Being the i,d conneotod with the Ohio river by lands a fair chance of being an im- 00. Stages pass dally through the ,th, and Maysville, Kentucky. m>» krougb this place. ROUTES ON THK OHIO CANAt. 99 CIrcUvllU, county «-at of l-lckaway county, Ohio, is aflourlshlng town, situated on the Ohio canal ao.l Sclol., river, 19 miles north of (^h.l Icothe. The town 1- built on the site of an ancient fortlflcatlon, and was laid out in the year 1810, by Uaniel Dresbarh. It derive,! Its name from the circular form of one oi the ancient ruins which were found here These rn ns have long since dlsap,».ared before the steady murch of impro,ement. which ha. marked the settlement of our western country. The Zanesvllle and Cincinnati Uaiiroad, via Wilmington and Lancrter. passes through this place. „ „ v . ..i i M.n„vil.t 1 ClrclcTllle now contains a fine court-house. 2 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Lutherw.. 1 tlniU'd Brethren, and 1 Episcopal church ; 2 ac«leinles, 4 print- ing offices, 1 bank, 30 stores, and a population of 4,000. The trade of CirdevlUe Is quit.^ extensive, and rapidly Increasing. Three miles and a half south of CircleviUo are situaU-d the Pickaway rfmni, »id to contain the richest «)il in the state of Ohio. In ancient times thei. nialns were covered with rare and beautiful flowers, and a person garing on this garden of nature could scarcely believe they were in a trackless wilder- ness. It w«i on these plains that the farfamed Ind;an chief, Logan, made bis celebrated speech, which is a model of touching eloquence. Hsibron, Licking county, Ohio, is a small village situated at the junction of the national road with the Ohio canal. Its situation renders it of some Importance as a depot for goods coming by the way of the national road and Ohto canal. The population is about 600. Newark, county sent of Licking county, Ohio, is situated on the line of th» Ohio canal, and the Sandusky and Columbus railroad. It lies about tWity-seven miles cast of Columbus. It was laid out in 1801 by Ocn. Schenk, George W. Burnet, Ksq., and .lolm M. Crfmmings. The streets are broad and straight, and It has a hue public square. ,„.,.,,», Newark contains 3 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Kpisropal, 1 Methodist, 1 German Lutheran, 1 Welch Methodist,! Welch Presbyterian, and 1 Catholio church; 4 printing offices, 4 mills and factories, and about 60 stores. The populi tion is about 4,500. ^ , ^ j It . connected with Sandusky City and Cleveland, and with Columbus and 7anesvme. by railways now in operation, and will be connected with Ports- ™outh anJ tL Ohio river by the Scioto and Hocking Valley Koad. It U • stirring business place. New PhlladelphU. "ituated on the Ohio canal and Tuscnwara river, is the county scat of Tuscawara county, Ohio. It was laid out In the year 1804 by lo*"" ^'"•••'y »"" "-ermademnch progress until the la.t few years Itllesonahundred miles northeast from Columbus. Unowcontam 1 Bapfst, 1 MeZut"and I PresbyUrian church; half a dozen .tores, 2 priaUng office., 2 mUls, 1 lactory, and a population of about 1,600. i:'! W^^^6*^r^^^^ jfl^m^ses^ss? 100 BOCTEB ON THB OHIO CANAL. contain, 1 Luth, r^n. 1 li«,.tl,t, 1 '••I''«-"['' ' ' ,.h, 05 ,t„„. of „.m« of John Baptl«te >'"""'"" ,„„, ,„ ^e .t«U. The com- ,h«t, It l«lng in one of th« ''''';"; "•"^"^^ ^„j t^, ohlo A P.nn.yW^ „„r.e U carried on I., mean, »' '»■ "J-'",;'";";:; ,» ,„ „„t,.t f„. If .,«.!- nla Uailroiul whUh pa.«e« through thlii place. gi^'Di „e.-eltherhywayofCindnn.tlorPitl,bnrg. ...»„„, ,v,rt,.„x ^Ur.-.oonnty..eatof.nn,n.U.o„nt^O^^^^^^^^^^^ „„„ fron, CleTHlauJ, at th« junrt on °''^.^^;°"^„^.^Ji„ „41. Th. Pennsylvania canal wa. ■''^ >';"«^ '"^^ The bu.lueM of the town h„ continued to Increase and P™;P"J,7;j,'^^„^ „„ „ry exten.lr.ly. .. prloclrally ™°';-'i'^ ''',;;\'; ^.'^^I, « ler,a.l.t, 1 Ep.««p... 1 Co- Akron now contain. 2 B.pti.t. 2 Method" , ^ ^^^ ^^ ^j,,^ .regatlonal. I «"-" ^^^^1 .~e company. 1 ban.. 8 new ,nd faetorle., Ktcral »'>"',^'°7'' ' '° ,. j, ,o„n„cted, Tia Akron Branch '' II.- « <^«» mv<>r rises in Hardin county, Ohio, and down from a distance "/"T mi"el and it is one hundred nnd length is one hundred and sixty mi«;«. »"« ^^ , ^,,ich this Col-n.1.«, eounty «at of .ran..l„ -^^y^t:::^^^^^^:,:::^! Ohio, IS beautifully situated on th--t ^-^^ "I':',' lo^gitude'sso 3' from r:::ir;orrrr -w...i-dona..> piot. ROriBB ON TnR OHIO CANAL. lUl CANAL. n, on tin- Ohio rannl »n(» Tu»ra<- iriil, iK ft liniiil.-nmc anil llourilh- 1, by JftUtos Uunoan, and now al, \ I'ri'uhyti'rlftn, 1 Oerman Cathollo cbunh; 2B "tores of ,«, 1 printing offlcc, 1 bank, and rated Frcnrh clergyman, by the le of Maislllon l« principally In rcglonn In the i>t«l«. The com- inal, and the Ohio A Penn.yWa- B, giving It an outlet for Its bull- rg- , Ohio, iltnatcd about thlrtyelx « Ohio and PennpyWanla eanah, d« the county «eat In 1841. Th« year, and nince that time Akron apidly. The bunlnoss of the town hlch It carried on Tery extenslrely. 1 V nlvcrnallit, 1 Bplacopal, 1 Con- ithollo church ; 80 »tore», 12 mUli lurance company, 1 bank, 8 newt- It la connected, Tia Akron Branch itually, with Clndnnatl »U Zaae^ n Hardin county, Ohio, and nd empties into the Ohio river iteumboats but a short distance 1 stages of water are brought n,ire.l and thirty inilM lt« les, and it is one hundred and e counties througli which this rtile and highly cultivated n river in siiewliich lies wholly iig made to render U perma- ,he. . . . ^ -a. „- I i^M .tf- ». , county, and capital of the .tate of onk of the Scioto, ninety milee from 67', and west longitude 83° S' from [he city la sltuawd on a lerel plot of "tc^^- ^"o"t m the ycarlHl., In an unbroken wIldorneM. In ISK. th,!l''gU.fvturo hcM their nr«t «.-lon here, and In mi the county «>at wo, r,..u,oved U> this plu.. f""' ^■;';'";';;;|;;;;;,„, ,„ ,y,, .. w,,tern mU^UlKencer rle., which, when- fully completed, will pour Into li>Iumbu. a tide of trarol far surpassing any thing heretofore thought ot . -1. . Vsthnliat. 1 German Methodist, 3 1 aern,an Evangelical ''7'""^"':^ ""fT^ ' 'lucational purposes, there United llrethren, 1 Bi^thel, and 1 Catholic. For wlucauonai p ^ ' a^ «v r^l Institutions enjoying a high n-putatlon -""« '»>'•••; ''J» well conducted piibllc schools, and a high school. , .. , .,„,„.,«« ^ZL institutions located here are, the Ohio Asyh^m^r "t™^"- of the Deaf and Dumb; the Ohio Lunatic. Asylum; the Ohio InsUtution for the education of the Blind, and the Ohio Penitentiary. ktowo Asylum for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb. wa. ft..nded In the TcLr 1829. The buildings at, large «>d hand«.me, and are .It.jated in th! «Xr of beauUfnl grounds, omwnented with flower, and shrubbery. The Whole c^st of the. tru^ur. was about $25,000. ^^ P"/"'- "-^l^^-J over one hundred, are Instructed in all the branche.of a u«>ful and practical "■TtThlo Lunatic A.ylum.-Thi. noble monument of clvlli»tion and p.;:.rwent into operation in the year 1838. '^"^ ^"'^^f^"^ f ^^^ ^^two year. In their completion, were commenced in 1836, «>d «)»t nearly tlZ nJ^ "re thirty acre, of land belonging to the institution, and ?:mrat«.r.^u"Lg k . part of which U hand«.mcly ormunented with :^e;^«^jffi5SEs^s ^issEsrn^^rs^^!ss«srj?^* ■■v^i.-„r iii3:«**^* ROUTE OF THK OHIO RIVKK. 102 tun elm'ingit In el.arRe. The .tuti,tic, «l.o^ thai nearly one-Ualf of th« paaltswho arc received within a year of the time aUca«eU, are cureU. Of the cafe, of long standing, ahoi.t one fuurth are cured. , , , ,u„ Z^l luftitvtion fur the education of the l.lind .a, founded in the ylTmi The building is a handsome edifice, si. .uted on the natlona road rshort distance fron. the noise and hustle of the eity, and surrounded by . Le IdeTof flowers, shrubbery, 4c. The pupils number.ag about ono hund'Td are taught in all the branches of a thor«ugh Knglish education, tith ns'truction in various mechanical trades, lessons iu fancy and orna- Le f'^mc ifey were sentence. The building contains 300 separate een for pri' n rs. be'aldes the warden's house, offices, and guard roo.n. In cells lor pr , pfisoners walk in close order, all haTing ?h ;M"s dhlcrd tow rTtho' person having charge of thSn. Ev.ry n.ove- their faces «';«««' ,j,^ ^^„„„ <,f their labor yields an annual „en is "»f; '" P f; ';™ t ■ji8,ooO There is a chapel connected with the S^n^in >^h ^th "T^^^^^^^^^ worship every Sunday. This the prl. !^ rs «U Ittend There have been many interesting results growing out of the mi"!! ^r"' of treatment pursued iu this prison, showing the supremacy °~:lt71u;:!: «r;a. of ^ we,, inducted hotel, as there arc in the ,taU • the ;icipal of which are .he Neil House and Amencau. The fopu- lation of Columbus is about 18,000. «inrlnaville, Greenup county, Kentucky, is a small vinage ---VhecoX around abounds iu beds of iron ore. Rockville, Scioto county, Oliio, lies seventeen miles Mow *""vanrol>urR, situated two miles below Rockville, in T • ^!^n.v Keiituckv is a small villugo contuining four stores, Lewis county. KeiuucKy, '•• " i„u„i>itanta Tbere is a quarry HIO RIVER. Iti a manrcr hiRbly creditable to slioT that nearly one-liftlf of tha if thf linii! disKascU, ara cured. Of Lli arc cured. of the llliiid wad founded in the l»iee, Kit .ated on the national road e of the eity, and surrounded by a The pupils numbering about ono I of a thorough Kuglish education, trades, lessons iu fancy and orna- ippear to he happy and contentwi. mposing structure, with two wings, ninittins criminal otfenwa, arc con- nc kind of manual labor during the The building contains MO gcparato lOUsc, offices, and guard rooms. la mors walk in close ^order, all having iTlng charge of them. Etory move- duce of their labor yields an annual There is a chapel connected with the rship cTcry Sunday. This, the prls- y interesting results growing out of 1 this prison, showing the supremacy conducted hotels as there are in the eil House and American. The p^pu- ity, Kentucky, is a small vinage ith. It contains p post office, ' Ties, witli a population of about ids iu beds of iron ore. Oliio, lies seventeen miles Wow e containing only about half a . It is of no particular inipor- vo miles below Rockville, in tail village containing four stores, inliabitants. Tbere is a quarry ,m Vanceburgh, also one of white [ On the banks of a small creek ictcnsive beds of copperas, from rticle are obtained. ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. 103 I ««.»i«„i. — Thisisareleliratedwaterlrg-plncp, sit- uld : ff::: ■:;: : v,!::!:.*:,-.^"; some to u. ,.,.. to the virgima -:::;%he .nation . ^";--^:- -:— 7::=:;: tlons for several hundred visitor.. The "»';";" '"5^^,^ „„d„ ,h„„ie ers, and cjoy a high reputation among patients sun.rliig u discasei. Rome, situated seven miles below Vanceburg, on the Ohio. ' V^«r«rd '7e've°tl.i betw RolnTis a small village on the OhTo""Tin'rewl': county Kentucky. It conta.ns I church. ' 'lUr.;r.S.VjCTttn miles below Concord, is a small village MaiM-llCStcr, seven "'"« j ^^^ n,aje here as early '" .'I'T/ar'mfby Gen. NuthanieTlVlHssie. It w^ the connty- ^Ml^ZSeZ.% contains several stores, and a population of 270. i„. miipohelow Manchester, Mason county. many years. ^\^Y:ult:y^lo o'.^lTL land on which the bears, in '"»">■■ °V''''",,?2r' mnnv veurs improved but slowly, city was built- Ma>J^^^^^^^^ rw'uld^.ever becLe a piac- of any and many F"?'"^"."^^'';''" nV^ °f lute years it has had a new im- petitors . Tr„ntnrkv. is in course of rapid con- our most noied P'O"^""" .,, , =4^ imposing, being built on a ■^"^ ft:::.d"of IS : d sVrroundTd^y h^gh and^recipitouB ^Ulswh^h extend ow'l so near t^he water's edge, as to leave ^^"^'^h:::;^::^'^^^:^^ now contains a hand- It was incorporuted f ^"^''^ "' ' I'presbvterian, 2 Methodist some city h«l^ f £f f^ Jo"S';^^^^ 2 semn.aries f^uXicbSM Fivato'schJols, a large stone jail, a hospital '•:i*^?ss*:St^^^ssg3ffi?f:Si^:sE;ssssasK:'5r''*^ ROUTE OF THE OHIO KIVEU. 104 couon t-tof «. \ "^ir'u, a num'e ous tu„..eri«f rope-walk., fouiulencs, 3 Urge mills, ""' » ,. ,, a„scriiitioiis, 50 candle iactoricH, und n"^'=''»"'*^^\„^ 'T „ Ucellaneous stores, 3 groceries, 30 dry g°«d« stores, and 5 m^scuu^ ^ ^^^^ ^ork houses packing ^^f v« thons^^ -ad ot h ^U ^,|^> ^^^^ ^^ und 5 lumber yards; w.th ''_P°P" '""■'"" jo'^„ ^f Washington justice has recently be^'y"«;f„ ^^7^,^ ^\^;"i,,ts on U.e Ohio Fleminesbure and Mount sterling. ■„ D,.„«,n village that those runc.^"^" 'l^^^.^'lttr^o to have the .onnubial e„„It get tj-e ~" °2ry 'oTd'magtt^^^^ here, who kr.ot tied. There is a «o"ny " b business; he, therefore, has a great faculty f",n"n/"'e ' ^work a" soon as a couple asks no questions, but go=f ^'g''' [^ ' ;„ „„« those whose present themselves as <=" f ''?,^^^*' J^*;" f ic"si affinity for each be w^ll considered b«f°>-« •=7"^"' mile, below Aberdeen, in ^"S^^ isT^r^iUage containing only ishlng business town. I\^''«J"''l ""^il^ j,^ honor of General called Staunton; '' !^«%«='3; J^S V the settlers at this Ripley, a military ofticer h.glily «7;" f "^^gj, t, it was the seat of ^l:^ce tZ^X: =g1t;rttlb.;,ue.it.y appointed Methodist, 1 New Light, and » ^^'^°''^7"" ung office, 1 fouu- tobacco warehouse , 6 stores, -i nmis, nevuiai and a population of about 600. \ I RIVER. paper printing offices, 2 wool carding mucliim-, 2 us tuniicries, rope-wulks, ,H of all descriptions, jO 5 miscellaneous stores, 3 lead of hogs every sca«on, )n of 5,501). Tlio seal of the town of Wusliington roni all points on tlie Ohio on, via Blue Lick Springs, a week for Lexington, via .osite Mavsville, in Brown lagc, containing a church, ,ut 600. 11 is to tills little surrounding country, who q, go to have the .lonnubial lagislrate living here, who ivn business; he, therefore, I work as soon as a couple ining in one those whose jt the least affinity for each 1 long journey, and should miles below Aberdeen, in all village containing only .wn county, Ohio, is a flour- ,t in the year 1812, and was Ripley in honor of General enicd by the settlers at this lettlement, it was the seat of I was Bubcequeutly appointed an, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 lolic church, u high school, a laper printing oA'Cf. 1 f"""- id a population of 2,000. below, in the same county, a few houses, and is of uo worthy citizens, inu, in Mason county, Ken- )ntaining 2 churches, 2 large lis, several mechanics' shops, ROUTE OP THE OHIO RIVER. 106 There is considerable business done at this place, it being the point from which all of the tobacco raised in the surrounding country Is shipped. lliKBili<«POrt, four miles below, in Brown county, Ohio, U aflmTrisl.i.^ village. It was laid out but a few years since, and now contains several churches, 6 stores, I grist mill, and 1 saw mill, with a population of about bOO. AniniStn, situated four miles below, in Bracken county, KenlSls handsomely situated. There have been numerous huCn boneVexcavated' from the earth in Augusta proving it toTave been a burial place in times long since gone by. A res- denrof This town mentions having found one hundred and ten skeletons In digging a cellar sixty by seventy feet. Auffustacontaini 3 churches,! large steam mill, 12 stores, 3 beins the first college ever instituted by that Church. For many vearfi sustained a high reputation, and was considered one of LTst oolleges in tl^ West. It haa since been destroyed by '^ Rocksprinff, in the same county, is a landing point, thre« anfa^aWes b!low. and has two or three houses only. r^hila or Mcchanicsburg;, is situated opposite Rock- sprang! in'Oern^nt county. Ohio, and contains several .tores, and 150 inhabitants. . i. . stores, and about 350 inhabitants. MMCOW. two miles below Neville, in the same county, is a VAiut Pleasant, is a small village, also m the same roim J-ieMs**'**' i,„i„„, Mnsr-ow It now contains '"Belmont, situated opposite Point Pleasant. In Pendleton cofnTyTKSky. is a small village containing only half a dozen houses, and is of no great importance. New Blchmond, situated in Clermoni county, Ohio, five mi?sTlowPo"t Pleasant, is a thriving buBlness town, a d^^^^^^ largest and most Important one In the county. It £0'«^'"» ^ distUlerles, 2 steam mills 2 carding machines, 1 Bapti.t, I •a;~~S^S;^SSP loe ROUTE OF THE OHIO niVER. Melliodist, 1 Presliylfriiin, niid 1 Giitliolic church, 2 schools, about 20 storPK, uiiil iiiMT 2,01)1) inhabitiiiils. I'a.cslilio, situ lU'.l Jour ujili-s bo'uw, in the same county, Is a small villuge of coiisiileriihU- truiie. There has heen an exteu- give brick-yurd started ut this [ilace lattdy. The brick «re made by inachiurry, and at a iiuich less cost than by the old method yf large quantities are shipped in flutboals to CInciuuuti. The pop- ulation is about 350. Tlie Little miaml River, rises in Clinton coaiity, Ohio, and empties into the Ohio river, eleven miles below Palea- line, and seven above Cincinnati. It is a beautiTuI stream of water, bounded on either side by some of the most fertile and highly cultivated land in the state. Toward the mouth of the stream, the land bordering on it is low and level, and is known by the name of the " Miami Bottoms." At a place called "Clifton,' about seventy miles from the mouth of the river, there is a highly picturesque cataract. The channel is here cut through solid rocks, and the water falls about two hundred feet. The landscape which presents itself to the eye In this neighborhood, is surpassingly beautiful. The mad- dened waters of the impetuous stream, foaming and boiling in their wild career over the rocks and down the steep precipice ; the high and lofty rocks hemming it in, as if to guard its course, and the calm and serene beauty of the surrounding country, form a scene on which one who loves nature and her Gud, could ga^ with profound admiration. The Little Miami abounds in excellent fish, and is frequently visited by parties who delight in the sport of honkin'J'>- ^ „ 83n 2^1": i" IB40. ?"; '" 1810. 2.540; \" 'g> K'.'r more tU„ doubled itself Str\h:1J:\e.fyVrs.'''SA;i/ increase is unparalleled .n *'^^S-S::r!i,eyabouUw^vemn.inc.cj^^ the Ohio Kiver. ii i» '"'" """• , „ ,, !,„,„„ broad, and larity; the ^'-^^f %'" ^'\%.:=X /nls BuUn t^^^^^ portion, of intersecting each other at "g''' ""8 f.^/ " and built up. thewme :;uTh°!.£™.°".iigS"»r'',.r,;. .,.,»», .» .1.. »>«» months of summer. „.,.„„„ rinrinnati has no equal in By moans of the nun.erous «te«mers which are con„„„y p^ g the Mississippi. The trade is not, n"*«*;'v"f°""i"„ importation rcorlf late years, that Co"8re-^H»d their eyes op «^^^ fact, and have contracted ^""^e buadlng oi „„„„e„t which is now i" course °f «°"f "^"°;*'i^"'Je"ted. is the corner rapil tliol besit niilli Neai now The of d mur Grii! T Uni( ther. east sepa riagi men CIAT com T of tl T and oftl who 9th Prol eaco It is cost rvKR. Hnd W. Long. 84° 27' nliiiigtoii. , by Miiltliias Denman, riio name first given to gFBatly to the credit of Iho beautiful name It laid oir in loU, by Col. itis. A Bhort time after (1 a frurrisoii being sta- ralively safe, and com- 00, the n0|»ulation was 1830, 24,8:10; in 1840, lore tlian doubled itself icrease is unparalleled In 3 miles in circumference, part of it lying north of sidcrablo regard to regu- 3 city being broad, and But in tbosu portions of ut and built up, the same ed. Cincinnati Is encir- ch are adorned by stately grounds attached; while 'es of ancient forest trees, ne citizens, In the sultry Cincinnati has no equal In sxception of New Orleans, ilch are constantly plying : river which rolls grace- everal canals and railroads jcted with every available Ighly productive valley of ever, confined to the Inte- int of foreign imporUtlon IS this branch of commerce id their eyes opened to the ildlug of a custom-house, n, and will be an ornament site selected, is the corner sar the business center of ich excels all others in Cln- •arrled on more extensW*!? world. The value of pork KUL'TK UK TllK OHIO RIVER. If] annually exported from Cincinnati, is estlmntod at $3,000,000. This in iiot uhovt', nltliough it may be oonsldorably under the truo value. All other brandies of businesM are in a prospering con- dition, and the totiil uinoiint of ciipUal invested in commercial purnuits is pstiinuted ut $2'i,000,0()(l. The public levee, though large, is not by half as extensive as it should be. During business seasons, when there Is a good Htage of water in the river, bouts may be seen lashed side by sido tliree and four deep. The subject of purchasing additional ground and devoting it to the purposes of a public landing has been dis- cussed by the citizens and will ere long be acted upon of neces- sity. Manufacturing Is also entered into hero with great energy, and employs a vast amount of capital. Thf Fratiklin Cotton Factory, erecied in 1845 by a company of rapitaiists of Cincinnati, is one of the largest cotton factories in tlio West. Numerous other mills and factories are in operation, besides fuunderies, planing mills, saw mills, rolling mills, flour mills, type founderies, machine shops, distilleries, &c., &lc. Nearly all kinds of machinery is driven by*fcteam, and there ore now over two hundred steam engines in operation in this city. The Cfietnkal Lalmratory, for the preparation of numerous kindu of drugs, and the manufacture of alcohol, sulphuric, nitric and muriatic acids, U quite an extensive building. It is owned by E. Uraselli & Co., and does a large ond lucrative business. The Fire Department of Cincinnati is second to none in the Union in point of elliciency. This Is probably the reason that there have been fewer large fires in this city than any other either east or west of the mountains. The department is divided into separate companies, each having two engines and one hose car- riage, and generally composed of respectable and worthy young men. The whole is subject to the direction of the Fire Asso- ciation, which is composed of members elected from each company. The PiiBUC BmLDiNoa of Cincinnati are numerous, and many of them handsome specimens of architecture. The Cincinnati Ooteroatory was built by public contribution, and is a fine stone building, situated on a beautiful hill to the east of the city, called Mount Adams, in honor of the late ex-president, who officiated on the occasion of laying the corner stone, on the 9th of November, 1843. The Observatory is the residence of Professor Mitchell, the prime mover in establishing it. The tel- escope is from the manufactory of Mentz &. Mahler, of Munich. It is an excellent instrument, of fine finish and vast power. Iti cost was $10,000. 8 'W^% 112 ROUTl OF THB OHIO RIVKB. The Mfchai.irn' InHitulr \a n Bi.lpnclld biiiUlinR, silnnted on the Bonth-wi-xl corner of Sixth mid Vino ntrofls. It w«« erectt-a by voluiiturv BubHcriplioiis of tho cilizeiiH. 'I'lin dpNiKii of the in- (.liliitioii'is u iiohle one— that of iinprovin|r tho Intell.-ctiiul con- dition of tlie worliing innn. Tin' Rroun.l lloor ih iiwd for storpi., with the exception of one large room. UHed im tt perinunent plaoo of exliibilion for articles inimuliictured by the nierlianica of llie citv. The Hocond story is divided into severiil upurtnients, and in 'the third story U a fine lur^e hall used for concerls. public iiioetines, &c. tho entire upper story is splendidly httcd up and occnpied as au Odd-fellows Hull. AtlHched to the institu- tion is a library containing over four thousand volumejsof uwslul and standard works of every description. An ann.inl fa r for the encourugeiiient of the mechanical urU, is held in the hall of the Institute. , ,. . „r The Masonic Hall is a fine edifice, situated on the corner of Third ond Walnut streets. It was erected by the society of t ree- masons of Cincinnati, and cost $30,000. the f^ »'""■■ .'"'"""''f The lower story is occupied by Messrs. Ellis & Morton, as a banking house.' Th^econd story is used as a concert and pubUc hall, and the third story is occupied by the subordinate Lodges Chapters of Royal Arch Masons, and the Encampment of Kmghts "^Tho G^Jd Fellows' HaU, situated on the north-west corner of Third and Walnut streets, is a fine brick building, three stones high, belonging to the Ind.M.endent Order of ^dd bellows. ^Tho Cincinnali ColUge Bdifice is situated on the cast side of Walnut street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The front s of Dayton granite, and presents a chaste and beautiful nppear- B ice. The building is used by tho merchants as an Exchange, ad also by the Yoono Men's Mercantile Librabv Assoc at.on. This Association consisU of about 1.250 members, with a hbrary of 16,500 volumes, beside all the principal Amoricon and foreign •"The" ^rt Union Buddings, corner of Fourth and Sycamore streets, is a place of interest to cilizons and strangers. In tlie upper story of the building, is the gallery o the W^sT^'tN Art Union, where the works of some of the most eminent artists m the wJrld mny be seen at all times This ■■"ftut'on was g^^^t a up by subscription-^ach subscriber paying five do»", being entitled to all the rights and privileges of membership, for the term of one year. It is conducted on the same P""" ■" """Th' institutions in the East, having annual drawings of P''^"'- '"» entire lower floor U occupied by the Cincinnati P"*'-"^"^'''!''^. will probably remain here till the completion of the U. ». ^u" tnm-li the pi Till come (if C«| llnrni of th( contH holdri exper know hoM," servai Mr. 1 Itis pi .Vai feet b thisc tlie p( sect, grout Wtdt( and « by eij is rid consi nriorn ters. it hat Th of va Willi The Til Wesl Soule Vliapt Til churc 'I'll street Tl: Secoi. Tt RIVEH. biiildliii;, Bitiinted on the refls. It WHS erecteil by 'I'lin tli.'Ni({M of tlie In- in|r tlin liitelli-ctiial con- iil floor is iiwJ for glorcd, iHi'il 118 tt piTiimiU'iit place by the iiU'cbaniCB of Ibe Httwriil upurtiiieiits, and ist'd for conce.rlH, public y is Hplenilitily fitted up AtlHched to the Innlltu- ouoand volume* of useful I. An annual fair for the Is h«ld in the hall of the gituatcd on the corner of tod by the society of Free- )0. ThH corner room of rs. Ellis &. Morton, as a ted 09 u concert and public r the subordinate Lodges, B Encampment of Knights the north-west corner of ick building, three stories ier of Odd Fellows, tuutod on the cast side of fifth streets. The front is uste and beautiful appear- nerchunts as an Exchange, TILE LiBnABV Association. if» members, with a library ;ipal Americon and foreign of Fourtli and Sycamore •m and straneers. In the dlery of the Western Art lie most eminent artists in Phis institution was gotten paying five dollars, being res of membership, for the 'n the same plan as similar tl drawings of prizes. The inclniiatl Post-office, which )nipletion of the U. S, Cua- ROUTK OF TUB OHIO RIVER. 119 tnm-hou8<>, wherein apartments will be especially fitted up for the purpose. The liiiriirt Hoiitr Is a liirjje and eK'gitnt lioti-l, situated on tho corner of Third inul Vine streets. It wiis built by a company \:( ciipltiilists of this city, nnd was nuineil in honor of Judge llurnt'l, one of tin- early pionrers of the West. The whole cost of the bulliling, with the ground, was $.'»0(»,OflO. The building contHins ;t42 rooms, and the furniture cost |1 00,000 The stoeic holders have leased it to Mr. A. B. Coleman, who, from his lon|f experience in the business, together with his energy and thorough knowledge of every thing appertaining to the duties of "mint ho»t," has stamped it as the hotel of the West. Tho number of servuiitH employed is 172. The architect of the building wa« Mr. Isaiah Uodgers, a gentleman who stands at the very head of Itis profession. Saint Hetrr's Cathedral is a splendid edifice, 200 feet long by 80 feet broad, with a spire 350 feet high, erected by the Catholics of thU city. The corner stojie was laid in the year IMl, with all the pomp and ceremony which characterizes this peculiar religious sect. 'Hie cost of the building ulone was $100,000; that of the ground was $24,000 more. The architect v.'bs the late William Walters, of Cincinnati. The altar is of pure Carrara marble, and was executed by Chiuppri, of Genoa. The roof is supported by eighteen Huted free-stone Corinthian columns. The celling is' richly and elegantly ornamented, being of stucco-work, and is considered u masterly piece of workmanship. The walls are adorned with several splendid paintings executed by the old mas- ters. The organ of this church is one of tho largest in the West; it has 2,700 pipes, 44 stops, and cost $3,500. There arc many other churches, hotels, and public building! of various kinds, which deserve separate notices, but our limits will not admit of it. The numberof religious dcDominntions in Cincinnati is about 100. Tiie number of Mf.thuuisi Episcopal churches is 10, viz: Wtslty Chapel, Morris Chapil, Asbury Chapd, Hamline church, Soute Clta/iel, Uetlul Chafiel, MiiUy Chapel, Christie Chapel, Uniun Vlmfjel, '^pewrd,) and the New Street church. Tile number of Gkrma.n METiiomsT Episcopal is 3, viz: First diurch, Second church, and 'I'htrJ church. 'I'lie number of Methodist Protestant is 3, viz : the SixA Itreet, the Georye street, and the Elm street churches. The number of McTiiomsT Weslkyan is 2, viz: the First and Second churches. The uumb«r of Catuouc churches is 7, viz : Saint Peter'$ 114 ROfTI or THl OHIO RtVEB. T r,„he,lral Ihh, Trwilii, St Joseph',, St. Mury'i. St. rhilmn^ia, ^; K' a"S^-/. St:X..„Ur',. u,.d one or two other. 1- pre "^The'nSmS'rof Nkw Schoo,. PaM.YTr.«uN i. 4 viz: Second Tho nnn.l>erof other Prmbytcrian churches )« 5, viz: A^memlt ^ The nuu.ber of Ehhcopa,. i. 5, vl/.: C/'^w* eAurc , S<. i a»« », Trini'tf. Mw-io/. cUurch, and ono in proce« of erocllon for Rev. ^\T:t:Zr of CoNOR.o,.T,oNM. i. 4. viz: FirH church Vim ^' Thetuntr of G.rm.n REKORMr.o is 2. viz: First church, and ^'tt':;if of Un.v«baust i. 2, viz: Fir.t and Second furch 1 lonumutrui J J SwEDENBOROiAN church; i Ho«Twhlch ha. bepn previousiy mentioned, there 1. ^^' Broad- on Ma: UruadM ill tiie I ■l'li«l iiig wh Ctiurt-I iluwn Bit llUM on Eig llie \\\ buililin leim aui ti) Iw e vio ii* » . i i,wi *» <. »- t; g h ^y RIVER. r t. M'iry'i, St. rkilmrifla, lie or two otlioni In pro- 'irnt ehurek, Ninth ttrttt ureh, and llie Wdeh Bap- VTF.RIAN U 5, viz: Firit •Jiurch, Fifth church, and YTKBIAN ill 4, viz: Stcond 1 Talifrmelf church. hurches is 5, viz: Aumieiate I), Kfformfil Frtihyltrian AKiociiite Frenhylerian. CKrisl church, St. PauVt, acesB of erection for Rev. 4, viz: Firit church, Vint Clinton street church. g, or "Camfbkllit* Bap- 1 cliurch, and the Church of : Grrman church, Englitk German Proteitant Evan- urch, and the I'nUed Evan- i8 2, viz: First church, and Iz: First and Second church. SwEDENBORGiAN cliurch; 2 vied the Univemal Church con ill the hall of the We- ll any In the Union In point (ments. BeBldes the Burnd .ntioned, there Is the Brood- Second itreeta; the Woed- veen Third and Fourth; the troiidway; the WalmU Street I street, between Sixth and ;li has hit-'ly l)een enlarged 1 street, between Main and corner of Walnut and Sixth Inut, near Fifth street; the I street; the Wavtrly Uoutt, ROl'TB or Till OHIO RIVEH. 116 oil Main, near the canal; tliu Cincinnati Hotel, at the foot of Uroadwuy, recently rebuilt, luuklng it one of the lurgesl hotels III llie elty. 'I'liere are Heverul linportiint Public nnll(lli)(fs now constnirt- inU which will add Kfeally to the iippcariiuee of the city. The Cuurt-house erecting on the «ile of the old one which wiut biirnud ilowii 111 IS49, oil Mulii street, oppoMite Court. 'I'lie Cantnm' himsf, with ((overninent otFiceH, on the corner of Konrtli and Vine, Bit bus been previously meutioned. The Cilij HuiUinfji, erected oil Eighth street, oppo«lte the Cutbedrul; and last, nut least, la tlie Widow's Home, whii'li Is located on Mount Auburn. This building will lie what Us imiiie indicates — a home for the house- leiiK and friendless widow. The grouml on which the building is to be erected, wuh a gilt for that purpose by several worthy Indi- vi ri( of to ai to Pl ac Q ti tj «i b tl fi Ic li ii j_Xt!SBE*«aS»»«*=>'«art of tliB city ; it is thea through all the principal parts supply of excellent water to iie Ciucinnati Gas Light aud incinnati are not numerous; exercise that godlike virtue 100 the destitute are so well lels, as to have but little need er, a hospital and lunatic nsy- unis, a widow's home, house 1 a large farm attached. The corporate limits of the city here are a number of worthy heir existence to the philan- !ties are daily scattering the mong those who need them. ati are six in number. The igs, about three hundred feet brick pillars about eight feet led with fruits and vegetables ther with fish and meats of all nd a ready sale, end command Cincinnati, viz.: the Oazellt, rciat, Atlas, Sun, Cilixen, and f these issue weeklies. 'I'here which are the I'rKubyierian of Star in the West, Columbian if ristian HertM, WetUm Qtn»' ,ian Advocate, Clirixtian Apologist, (German Methodist,) and Cath- '^Sellhese, thero are seven monthly publications, viz.: Bu- chanan's Journal of Man, TUe Eclectic Uedxcal Journal, the Bo- tamco-Mnlico Journal, The Hes^rw, Lancel, the Masomc Reww, the Ladies' ReposUory, and a HorlicullurnI journal. . . . , , There are two canals, the Miami and W^hitewater, which ter- minate at Cincinnati. The forn.er lies wholly witm. th« s'at«. exte.idine from Lake Erie to the Ohio rivorj but the latter li^s principally in the State of Indiana. Besides these, there is ti.e Little Alia.ni Railroad, connecting with the Colun.bus and Cleve- land road at Xenia, the Hillsboro road, the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton road, connecting with an extended system of roads through huliana, at Hamilton, and the Mad River road to S^^'id"*- kv City at Uavtoii. All of these lines have exten.siye tributa- ries. There are, also, in progress, and will soon be finished, lines of road to all parts of Oliio— to Lexington and Louisville, Ky.— to St. Louis, through southern Indiana and Illinois— to Inuian- upolis, via Lawrenceburir, aud to Chicago, via Han.illon and Ea- tin, Ohio, and Logansport, Indiana. Aud when these are com- pleted, Cincinnati will possess advantages which must neceaiari y add much to her wealth and importance, and make her truly the Queen and Stab CiTV OF THE West. , , <^u- • . .. Newporl, situated on the south bank of the Ohio river, at t. , mouth of Licking, is opposite Cincinnati, in Campbell coun- ty, Kentucky. This town progressed very slowly for a long time after it was ilid out; but during the last five years "g« "f^"''""* have been made to it. Several hundred acres of laud adjoining the old town, which but a few years since were covered with fields of corn, have recently been laid out in lots, upon which a large number of buildings have already been erected. It is about to Be conuected with Covington by a fine bridge over tlie Lick- '"Newp'ort is rapidly increasing in population and wealth, and her commerce and manufactures have more than doubled within the period of five years. The town contains a number of churches, several schools. Odd-fellows' and Masonic Lodges, a large num- ber of stores, mills, factories, ami shops of all kinds. Population. ""ai the mouth of Licking there is an old United States' recruit- ine station; the buildings, mostly of bric'i, have recently been rebuilt iu a substantial and handsome manner. The 'naiisioii of the late Gen. James Taylor, situated near the bank of the Ohio, about half a mile east of the Licking, on a ««'»''"f'». •"'»"' " litUfi abr la the general level of the town, is one of the finest M ' ^s^^^f^S**?^^"*' » ^ ii5^^-V|*;..**-|j*;5«i 118 ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. private residpiices in tlio West. Thore are several ncros of ground iittiiclied to (ho building, the greater portion of wliich is laid out and oruaiuented with shrubbery, in u most beautiful inanuer. Alexnnrtrln, county seat of Campbell county, Kentucky, it sltunted About ihirtoon miles south-enst of Newport. It Is a small Tillage, of very little importauce, pavo that derived from the anscmblage of the concentrated legal wi«dom of the county. It contains a court-house, soToral stores, and a population of 200. UekillK Bivcr. — This is a very remarkable stream, and with but little expense could be made of immense value to the state. It is usually from fifty to one hundred yards wide, with high steep banks, and in many places, even in low water, is more than thirty feet deep. The average depth for sixty miles above , its mouth, during two-thirds of the year, except on the ripples, will no doubt exceed eight feet. It is generally muddy, with but very little current. The shores are covered with large forest trees, whose giga 'ic limbs almost touch each other. The state commenced some years since to improve, by means of locks, (a thing which could easily be accomplished,) the navigatiou of Uiis river. Several locks were built, and a large quantity of stone for others is now lying in sweet repose in the bottom of the river, never to be again disturbed so long us the state maintains its present position with regard to internal improvements. During high water, light draught steamboats can, without dif- ficulty, ascend fifty or sixty miles. This river rises in the Cum- berland mountains, Floyd county, Kentucky, and after pursuing a north-westerly course of one hundred and eighty miles, empties Into the Ohio opposite Cincinnati. There are many small streams called Licks, which empty into this river, and whose waters are highly prized throughout the ijnited States. The principal of these are situated in Nicholas county, and are known as the Blue Lick Spri.nos. The water is found to contain sulphureted hydrogen, carbonic acid, muriate of Boda, muriate of magnesia, muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime. Several thousand barrels of this water are annually exported. Connected with the springs are fine accommodations for visitors. The main hotel is six hundred and seventy feet in length, and three stories high. Thousands from the West and South vUit this place during the summer months. The action of the water upon the system is purgative, diaphoretic, and alterative, and for some diseases is highly recommended. CtfVintKton, Kenton county, Kentucky, (see note,) » beaatifuUy sUufited on the Ohio and Lacking riven, oppssM* 0» ubllc places from I nuti. the sar udd, w the sit vast ci Burrou hight. 'i'he Pri'slij one la acader tern I high 1 Burrou very 1 l.ouis' The d the Bi is bea It is The ] raent of th< time, kind. with Th Covii The( aveni Th plonw Fauqi tbiiri thani derfnl youUi called enUgl -^-^^m^ I ilVER. several noros of ground oil of wliich is laid out 9t beautiful inanuer. nty, Kentucky, is sltu»ted t is a small Tillage, of very cmhlage of the concentrated rboaae, several stores, and a remarkable stream, and if inimenso value to the indrod yards wide, with ea iti low water, is more th for sixty miles above r, except on the ripples, iicrally muddy, with but ■verod with large forest 1 each other. The state B, by means of locks, (a I,) the navigation of this large quantity of stone 1 the bottom of the river, the state maintains its mprovements. nboats can, without dif- 3 river rises in the Cum- icky, and after pursuing lud eighty miles, empties jIcks, which empty into r prized throughout the are situated in Nicholas : Sprinqs. The water is carbonic acid, muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, , and carbonate of lime. r are annually exported. }mmodations for visitors, renty feet in length, and lie West and South visit The action of the water ic, and alterative, and for entucky, (see note,) it ;kiiig riven, oppMM* 0» nOUTB OF THB OHIO RIVER. 119 ubllc landing of Cincinnati. It is one of the most important places in the state. The streets ar regularly laid out, and viewed iroin a distance, appear to be o continuation of those of Cincin- nati. This city is bounded south and west by a continuation of the same range of hills that surround Newport, and we might add, were It not for the passage of the Ohio and Licking rivers, the sites of Newport, Covington and Cincinnati would form one vast circular valley of more than twelve miles in circumference, surrounded by hills, varying from two to three hundred feet iu "The public buildings of the city are 2 Methodist churches, I Pri'sbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Christian, 1 Episcopal, and 2 Catholic; one largo city hall, which stands iu the public sqnare, 2 female academies, 2 common and several private schools, and the Wes- tern Baptist Theoloijical Institute. This college is situated on a high point of «ho city, about a mile from the Ohio river. It w surrounded by beautiful grounds, is richly endowed, and is in a very flourishing condition. The Covingtou & Lexington, and Louisville & Covington Railways have their termini in this city. The depot of the former is upon grounds formerly belonging to the Baptist Institute. The female seminary of the Rev. Mr. Orr is beautifully situated on the bank of Licking, in a retired place. It is surrounded by fine grounds for exercise and promenade. The Licking Iron Works, on Licking river, is a fine establish- ment for the manufacture of bar, sheet iron, &c. The business of the establishment is rapidly increasing, and will, no doubt, in time, equal any of the Pennsylvania manufactories of a similar kind. Three steam ferries keep up a constant communication with Cincinnati. , , .. . -i u i * The LiNDES GROvfc Cemetery, situated about a mile back of Covinitton, is a lovely place for the repose of the silent dead. The ground is level and beautifnlly ornamented with trees. 1 he avenues are narrow and intersect each other at right angles. The populatiou of Covington is 12,000. Hotel* Kenton eonnty Is namer' In honor of Qen. Simon Kenton, one of the early pioneers of Kentucky and of the West. Gen. SraoN Kehion was born In Fauquier connty, Virginia, on the 18th of May, 176S. The adventures of this riogolar nun appear more like the imaginings of a writer of romance, than the etenU of real life. His career teems with Incidents of a most won- derfnl ud romantic character. But these ended, in a measure, with his youth. After spending his life In the servioe of bis adopted sUte, he was called upon, in his old age, to mourn over the legal acts of our soKiaUed •aUgbtmad.amd Christian sodetor. ■- ?T. &' s » 'gi ! gg s ?i » a'-t'ir! II f * ' i' ., » a\y *' ^i* *g j. i; M ' jj. ^ 120 ROUTE OF THK OBIO RIVKR. At the age of sUteen, having got Into difflculty with a young man bjr the nam« of Veaeh, about a young lady with whom it app-^ars ho wa. enamorod, ho encounU^red hi. rival in a retired spot, and beat him unmercifully, m much m that he thought he had killed him. Horror-struck at the thought of being a murderer, he immediaU^ly fled, and to this circumstance la Ken- tucky indebted for one of her noblest and truest defenders. He remained in the western wilds for the period of thirteen years, engaged In the various struggles with the savages, and always holding a prominent place under the command of Boone, Clarke, and others. He was generally employed as a spy or guide, havinr, from his expertness and knowledge of the country, become invaluable i-, that capacity. He suffered many hard- ships, and among others, capuvity by the savages; but it is probable that hi. remorse of conscience, MIeving himself a murderer. WM greater than .11 his other sufferings. Who then can depict his joy, when In the year 1782, he heard that his father yet lived, and also, that young Veach whom he thought he had murdered ? On hearing this news he immediately determined to relurn home, and bring hi, father', family to the West. PU father died before reaching Kentucky. Kenton, during his career in » Je ^.u^ad «;cum«lated several valuable tracts of land, on which he determined U> hulld up settlements. A. the country began to fill up. and land to increa«. m value, .peculators from the East began to arrive, and before Kenton wa. aware of it. he found his land, dwindling away like the .now. of winter before the summer's scorching rays, scarce leaving him a pl««. to lay hi. furrowed head. In Kentucky, that state for which he h«l suffered «. much, and for who«, welfare he h«l toiled and bled, he "■" '°»"'"°«' /"'f "''^' What a lasting disgrace to the state. It would he better to let ^Ith. .windier, in Christendom go free, than that one gach man u Simon Kwtoic .hould be disgraced by imprisonment for debt. , ^ .. .„ In 1602 he moved to Ohio, where he resided in poverty and obwurlty, until the year 1813, when he again went forth to meet the foe at the battle of the Thame.. After the battle, he returned to his cabin home In Ohio, and dwelt In complete retirement until hi. death, which occurred In the month of April. 18S6, at the age of eightyn^uo years. HI. grave may be seen about «« in lies ftom Bellefontmne, Ohio. It I. surrounded by a rude picket fence, now fallen to pieces, and over it is a small slab, having in^ribed on it bi. nam.. pl«» of birth, and death. So re.t the brave. The l.alonlB Springs, about four mile, reuth of Covington, have good accommodations for visitors, and being but an hour", ride fifom Coving- ton, are much frequented during the summer month.. Independenoe, county .est of Kenton eounty, Kentucky, ta a mall tlUage .ituated about ten mile. fVom Covington. It eontaiaa • toaiMwM. ehnicb, po»t office, leveral .tore., and about 160 inhaUtutt. Tr Vi N< H Tl Gnt Ji A 81 Ii h r A II \ dlTKR. r ;y with » young man bjr the it appi^arB ho WM enamorod, beat him unmercifuily, »o orror-struck at the thought .0 this circumstance ii Ken- Aettnden. 1(1 of thirteen years, cngaRCcl always boldint; a prominent 1 others. He was generally xpertness and knowledge of ty. He suffered many hard- gos; but it is probable that murderer, was greater than is joy, when In the year 1782, ;hat young Vcach whom he •8 he immediately determined to the West. Vl» father died lis career in the West, had on which he determined to > fill up, and land to increase rriye, and befbre Kenton was ray like the snows of winter sTing him a place to lay hl» hich he had suffered so much, , he was imprisoned for debt I )uld he better to let all the such man u SmoM KurroR n poverty and olxcurity, until set the foe at the battle of the cabin home in Ohio, and dwelt ccnrrcd in the month of April, e may be seen about llTe miles a rude picket fence, now fallen iscribed on it bis name, place liles south of Covington, have ut an hour's ride ttom Coving- months. t eounty, Kentucky, is a tmall mt. Itoontaiaaatowt^MM. 50 inhaUtuitt. R0UTB8 ON THK MIAMI CANAL. 121 The miami Canal, connecting the Ohio river and Lake Erie, descends to the level of the Ohio ul Cinciniiuti, by means of locks This woa the second greut work of iiiteriml improveiiion*. n the state. The cuniil is one lunuired and eighty-one miles in leJiKlh, about four feet deep, and forty feet wide, and cost $.),. 50,000. The Warren canul is a branch of the Miami, about twenty miles iu 1 .iiirth, extending from Middletown to Lebanon. Above Dayton, for the distance of U3 miles, the canal is known as tl.c Miami Extension. It here forms a junction with the VVulash and Erie canal, and thus connecU with Luke Erie. TlM following table shows the relative distances of the principal towns on these canals, from Cinciunati to Toledo : Miami CaiiaU I.a:ikland, Hamilton, Mlildletown, Fnihklin 'Miamlsburg, Ufjton. Jfuiiiit ErUnsion. Troy, Hqa«, Newport, Minster, 15 IS 14 6 fl 12 8t. Mary's, H Deep Cut 12 Junction, 3S Wdbaih and Erie OanaX. 9 , 10 22 90 8 93 19 114 9 1-23 Fare, fi 60. Defiance, Florida, Napoleon, Damascus, Providence, Waterviile,-.-- Maumee city, • • • Toledo, Time, 56 hours. 11 6 10 184 14« 181 190 200 208 217 223 234 240 250 The following is a table of distances on the Wabash and Krio canal, from Cincinnati to Lafayette, Indiana : Junction, Antwerp, State Line, Indiana City, la,. Lewistown, Font Watme, — Aboite, Huntington, Wabash, 181 14 4 3 4 11 12 16 20 Fare, $10 00. Peru I^wisburg," logansport,- Lockport, • • ■ CarroUton,- ' Delphi, Amerlcus, ■■ Lafayette," 195 199 202 200 217 229 245 265 Time, about 3 days. 15 280 8 288 8 290 16 311 1 317 6 322 8 830 10 840 I.ocfcIand, is a small village on the Mian--, canal, about flftoen miles from Cincinnati, iu Hamilton county, Ohio. There are several mills in ope- raUon, which serve to give an air of industry to the place. It contains a *w stores, and about 140 latohitantt Xh. wnal looks at this pUce afionl txoeU«nt water power. .■j;,;--.--*?.* .' r- * 'f ' "' tirifTft'' ■^mp.?' ^ i ROUTES ON THE MIAMI CANAL. m 122 ^_______- ~^^IU,>,., county .*.t of Butler unty. i- ^M on th. Ureat ii^m^"l"^ the Miami e.nal, twenty mile- north of CMnc.nu.ti. 1 U Lu :.ran. A.^i«to Kefo;n.e„. ami 1 Catholic. It ha. '^^'O .i.^.^.^^^■ „t. LLm«-' rrintlng ofllce,, 3 cotton f».torle» 5 Hour »"'.*■«; °'^' S fcundericB, I machine .hor«, »lK.ut 40 .tore,, and hM » P'-P"'""''- °' »'««^ The hu«in;,, of Hamilton co„,i,t, chiefly in "'''""f-''""!*';" ,t ''' °' which there have heen constructed within the l».t few years, hydraulic wort. rflmorXer. There U a fine bridge connecting Hamilton with Ilo^TUic, 'Z«l*t'^uated on the .te of Fort llanUlton. "-^"'"^-^ ve.rT791, by order of the unfortunate Oen. St. Clair, and wa. inUnded »i a o;.. an.. po/c. which ,../ac«»i^o^^^^^^^^ ^, ^^.^ Tia Newcartle, Indian., with Chicago. lUiuoifc noMvlll., .Ituated opposite Hamilton, in the ,an.o county ^»^7",;{ -=«(»e'9r»w?i»«!a*«'**'''-^ -ap^!fflBS|Ba»'»»«*<^*'****^"- it ANAL. iK «ltuiil.d on th» Urcat orth of OincinuBll. It U with a httndaoma publio fs. Tlio town coiitftinB 7 \ I'ri'stiyterliia, 1 Oerinim It has also » female BOinin- 1, 5 flour miUii, 4 law mills, I hail a population of 3,000. knufacturing, for the aid of few years, hydraulic works ig Hamilton with IloMTlllo, ilUon. It was built In the liiir, and waa inUnded as a jn of that commander, eves Symmcs, author of the dnmonstrato that the »arth liat it was possible for those fitliin by means of openings >s to supply him with means A waggish follow once told ihabitcd, the yolcanoeswero, uses; in that case, the best iwecp to go on an exploring thcr this did not meet his 1 to find a sweep willing to ry. almost universally met with lo of the world like a martyr, ipcct. There has lately been It is surmounted by > globe jry. 1 pasaea through this pUoe; tlon here, also Tia Eaton, eon- ad Terre Uaute, Indiana, and Ihe same county, Is a town of ». It contains 1 Baptist, and itorcs, and 2,500 Inhabitants, h-westfrom Hamilton, to the ted town. It is the seat of tta and extenilTe patron»t». ^ ROUTES ON THE MIAMI CANAL. 123 Besld'S the university, Oxford contains a theological scTiool, under the pa- tronage of the Associate Uotormed Church, 5 churches, about fifteen stores, and a population of 2,00U. Dayton, county scat of MontRomnry county, Ohio, is situated slxty^llght miles from Clncinnuti, on the Great Miami river and Miami canal. The town was laid out in 1795, by Gen. Jonathan Day, Arthur St. Clair, James Wilkin- son, and Col. Israel Ludlow. It was made the county seat iu 1803, and at that time contained but five families. Its progress was very slow, until the year 1812, when an impetus was given to It by the arrival of troops belong- ing to the army. From this time until 1820 it improved very rapidly. After this, business declined, and Dayton received a shock from which many sup- posed she would not recover; but at the opening of the Miami canal in 1827, business began to revive, and from that time there has been a rapid and steady improvement, and it now ranks as the second city in wealth in the state. The city of Dayton Is laid out with a great degree of regularity and neatness, the streets being one hundred and fifty feet wide, and inter- sectiug each other at right angles. It is almost universally pronounced by visitors, the handsomest city in the West The court-house at Dayton is one of the handsomest buildings in the sUte. It is biUlt of gray graniUi and cost $63,000. The city contains 17 churches, 4 newspaper offloes, a female semi- nary of high standing, 4 common schools, and 1 hljh school, 2 banks, a jail, 14 mills of various kinds, several factories, 2 market houses, 3 iron founde- ries, with a large number of stores of all descriptions. A new and spacious hotel, called the Phillips House, has just Iwon completed. Population, 12,000. Dayton has at considerable expense, built a hydraulic canal, similar to th« one at Hamilton, which affords a vast amount of water power. Canal boats ply dally to and from Toledo, and all intermediate ports. • Dayton is now the center of a system of railroads, which, when completed, can not but add greatly to its business importance. The Cincinnati, Hamil- ton A Dayton road, and the Mad River road to Sandusky City, both termin- ate here, forming a through line from Cincinnati to Sandusky City. Lines are also being constructed to connect Dayton with Columbus direct, via Xenla, with Indianapolis, via Eaton, Richmond, *c., with Michigan, via Day- ton and Michigan Road, and another road to Cincinnati, called the Straight Line Road, all of which wUl be rapidly finished. Tror, county seat of Miami county, Ohio, is a flourishing town, situated on the Great Miami river and Miami canal, ninety miles north of CincinnaU, It was loid out in the year 1808, and soon after became the seat of justice. It is a place of considerable commercial importance. Vast quantities of Wheat, com, oats, Iwriey, whiskey, flour, pork, lard, clover and flax-seed, salt, Awed lumber, *c.. are exported. The annual shipmenU to and from thta plMe, «mounttog to 25,000 tons. Manufacturing U also carried on to soma .«r.,.i»5ynSS.;,.r!9Kw»j;:S-^.^fS;Tr^*«!aS»:^^ 124 ROUTES ON THE MIAMI CANAL. cxUnt, though not »o encrgptically u tho merennttlc husinew. Troy con- taiDa i .MethdUii-t, i I'rcdbytiTiaii, 1 Kiiimwpal, ami 1 Ilaptist rhiirirh, a town anil iiia«oiiic hall, 1 Imnk, 1 murkilliimsc, 3 printiiii; ofllwa, 1 ataUcniy, «i!Vi'ral inllls anil faotnrii's, 1 foundcry anil machine shop, U largu warebouien, a largu numWr of Btort's, and un'clianies' Bhiips of all kinds, with a popula- tion of near 3,000. Canal boats arrlva and depart daily. Piqna, In the same county, eight nillen alwve Troy, on the Miamlcanal, la a thriving bualneas town. It waa laid out in the year 1809, and called Waahington, which name it retained till 18M, when it rcieireil Ita preaeot name. The town containa 12 churchca, a town hall, high school, 1 bank, a number of miila and factories, acveral of which are driven by ateam, about 125 mechanics' shops, a largo number of storea of various descriptions, ani! a population of 3,600. Canal boata arrive and depart daily. Stages also leave for Cincinnati and Dayton. The Dayton and Michigan Railroad will paaa through Troy and I'iiiua, uniting them In iron bonds with Cinctunatl and Detroit. DeflancC, county-aeat of Defiance county, Ohio, is situated on the W«. bash and Erie canal, at the junction of the Mauniee and Auglaiso rlvera, and ii one hundred and ninety miles from Cincinnati by the canal. It was laid ont in 1822, and now contains a population of 1000. Sprlngfleld, Clark county, Ohio, is sltnulcd on the National Road, forty-three mllea west of Columbus, and at the northern extremity of the LlTTix Miami Railroad. It is the county seat, and waa laid out in the year 1803, by James Dcmint. It is surrounded by a fertile and highly eultivatod country, and is considered one of tho moat beautiful villages in the state. The town has excellent advantages for water power, and within a circuit of throe miles, there are upward of twenty mill seata. The Methodist Episcopal church have a flourishing high school at Spring- field, and the public lihrarips of the town contain near 4,000 volumeii. There are In Springfield 12 churches, 3 printing offices, and about 28 stores, besides a large number of mechanics' shops. Population about H.OOO. mill Creek enters the Ohio just below Cincinnati, and is a very crooked stream, and during; low water can be easily crossed on foot. It is bounded on both sides by a high range of hills, which, on the west, descend to tlie edge of the stream; those on the east, however, are about half n mile distant. The Miami canal f onsen along the edge of the latter, at an elevation of about one hundred feet above the waters of the creek. The valley in- cluded between these ranges of hills, is highly productive; but is subject to constant overflows from the river, the backwaters of which often ascend the creek for nine miles. Efforts are be*;' \ng made to confine the water to a straight channel. The ton nr the all ill nev In ton c withii by an H< has b< social have sion whici N< Cinci residt Tho I and T and e Preai Th on a perfe kind. of " worl epitu It plan wise tobi ever of tl disti 1 Ohii it ei stall whi tern "Li po« *!p*^K*^^5?rt^'?75^' j^ac.-. t CANAL. ROUTE OF THE OHIO BIVKB. 125 ■cunttlc huslneM. Troy con- nil 1 Ilaptiat cluirirh, a town printini; ofllo-a, 1 Mailcmy, iiii' simp, I) largo wareboumn, of all kinds, with a popula- Icpart daily. TeTrojr, on the Miami canal, in the )'Kar 1809, and called when It receired Ha present hall, high srhool, I bank, a I are driven bj steam, about of various descriptions, and d di'part daily. Stages also and Michigan Railroad will 1 iron bonds with Cincinnati ■ >'•■,. . '^rr , Ohio, is situated on the W«< iniee and Auglaiio rirers, and lU liy the canal. It was laid 1000. .led on the Natiomal Road, le northern extremity of the and was laid out in the year I fertile and highly cultitated tifiil villages in the state, power, and within a circuit of eats. islilng high school at Sprlag- ontain near 4.000 volumes. 5 offices, and about 28 storvs, 'opiilation about 0,000. elow Cincinnati, and is a iter can be easily crossed by a high range of hills, : of tlie stream ; thnse on lile distunt. The Miami ■, at an elevation of about le creek. The valley in- j highly productive; but Ihe river, the bacliwatera le miles. Efforts are be*;- Ight channel. The ton and Hamilton Railroad Company, whoso road passes along the sl.le of the western hills, have already changed the channel "'indUStryTRitualed ten miles below Cinrinnall, in Hamil- tone", ty. Ohio, is a nnmll village which has l-een built up wTlhi." a fe^ years. It contains a large stove fonndry, owned bvBU association of journeymen stove-mol.l-rs. I'opuh.llon, 150. Home < It part of till' (own neur iia; this liuH Hcrvetl BOine- Ditants are now builiiiinj the waters can not reacli Fast. It containii a conrl- , (iistiilery, S mills, a card- 9 of various kiiitlH, and a iraler canal pasws through th some of the most pop- iiali and !-i.Uui8 Railway uceburg i.d ludiuuapolw , courtj, Kentucky, two village, containing a mill, r, severai stores, and a pop- occupy the site of an an- have long ago passed away, race have been found, in luarter of a mile above the irtification, evidently erect- 8d people than any of our ive been; but their huitory of Hognn creek, two mlleii is a flourishing place, and laidoutinlctl9,and Incor- ,ork business is done here, ranches of business. There and 15 stores Pop., 2,500. elow Aurora, In Boone coun- aning a few scores and about hlo county, Indiana, situated jwine and flourishing town. ,ew county of Ohio about six mtlnued to improve steadily. ,se, 3 churches, an academy, tton and woolen factory, an mmber of stores of varicw. A steam packet, owned b«|», ROUTK OF TIIK OHIO RIVSR. 127 inillerSburR, formerly North's Mills, Is a small town lu Oliio oouMty, thriM. miles bt'-low Rising Sun. It Is one of the principal landing points for several of the Interior counties. Big Bone MAcU. Creek, empties Into the Ohio River, twilvc miles below Rising Suu, In Boone countv, Kentucky. Neur the mouth of the creek, are the Bio Bonk Lick ^'hinus, formerly a watering place, but now seldom resorted to. I he creek derives its name from the bones of the mastodon and urctio elephant, which have been found here. The first were collected ill 1803, by Dr. William Goforlh, an eminent physician, and one of the pioneers of the West. The collection was liitru»U)d by him to the care of an English traveler by the name of Thomas Ashe, who took them to England to exhibit. When ho arrived there instead of performing his trust, he sold the whole collec- tion and kept the money. He, however, showed his wisdoni in one thine, which was, never to show his face in this country airuin A second collection of these bones was made In the year 1*05, by order of President JefTerson; a third collection was mado in 1819, by the Western Museum Society; and a fourth In 1831, by Mr. FInnell. Hamilton, sltuoted a short dlsUnce below the mouth of Biir Bone Lick Creek, In the same county. Is a small village of minor importance, containing half a dozen stores, and a popula- tion of about 250. Patriot, situated two miles below Hamlltou, In Switzerland county, Indiana, is a thriving little village, containiiig 3 churches, half a dozen stores, and a population of about bOU. Warsaw, the county seat of Gallatin county, Kentucky, fituated eleven miles below Patriot, is a town of considerablo trade and growing importance. There Is now quite a large business done, in exporting corn, tobacco, and various kinds of ""Tt was laid out in 1831, and was at first called Fredericksburg. It retuUied this name but a short time; the Inhabitants having imbibed an enthusiasm for suffering Poland, adopted the name of Warsaw, in honor of that unfortunate country. Warsaw con- tains a court-house, ,' Baptist and 1 Reformed church, 1 news- paper printing office, 3 schools, a distillery, 2 pork houses, la stores, and a population of about 900. The LoulsTllle & Cov- ington Railroad will pass near this place. Florence, also called New York, Is a small village, ono mile below Warsaw, In Switzerland «onnty, Indiana, It Con- tin. two or three store, and about 150 Inhatitanto. 9 pa'^^'-^w- 1 Its ROCTK or TH« OHIO RIVKR. Vcvny. •Ituated ten idIIm below New York, !• the cour.iv ■eol of Hwilic-rlBml county, Iiillimu. It wuh first wtll.ii la IWU-I, bv u purty of SwiM emigrants, wlio rpcelvwl a Rrmit oi land from CoiiltreiM.. for tl.o expreiw p.irpow of cullivatiiin the ifrape. hi. ho» been curried on succeiwfi.lly ever .Ince, and lurK- quantit.e. of wine are annually niado. The county ii Betlled almoijt whoUy bv SwiM enilffrunU and their dew.endantn, and It would be adifli- cult matter. In any country, to find a more Induitriouii, orderly, and well Informed set of people. Vevay contains a court-houw<, two or three churclia, a jail, a dozen or more itor*., and about 2,000 Inhabitants. Caiiont, situated directly opposite Vevay, in Carroll county Kentucky, Is a pleasant little villiiKe, containliiK 1 Methodist and 1 Reformed church, half a dozen stores, a tobacco factory, and a population of 350. , , , , This villaee bears the namo of the city wli.ro the treaty of peace was negotiated between Great Britain anduie United Slates, which closed the war of 1812. <3arrollton, seat of justice for Carroll county, Kentucky, is situated ten miles below Ghent, at the mouth of Kentucky river. The town was laid out in the year 1792, «uider the name of Port William. Previous to this date, there had been a block- house erected at this point, by Gen. Cln.rles Scott, which wm occupied by troop, for several ye>,rs. VVh-nthe town was .aid out, the poit was abandoned. CarroUton received Its pres.Mit name in honor of the abode of that dlHthiguinhed patriot, Charles Carroll. (See note.) Corrollton contain* a court-house, jail, J churches, 1 academy, 1 common school, uoverul rallla.ulout a dozenstores, and a population of 1,000. ., ,^ ,-; ,,, Note. " ■ CntniM Ca«iiou, one of thst noWo band thnU dared to question the dWne ri(?ht of klni?», was born In the city of Annap.'.lii., state of Maryland, on tho »tb day of September, 1737. He recelTod an exceUtnt education, and at «u early aRB showed signs of more than common talents. He took a flrro an.l decided sUnd against British affireBslon and tyranny ; and when that Immor- Ul paper was drawn up, which declared the American co.oni»» free and independent states, ha hesitated not to put his name to it in bold and Ear- less characters. An anecdote is relateil of him, which is as chariwtoriaUc of the man, aa it i> bold and decided. A short time afUT signing the Declaration «f Independence, a friend remarked to hisn, '• that if the British caught hlni Ihcy would not know whether it were he, or Charles Carroll, of Massachu- setts, whose name was affixed to the DeclaraUon; hence they would be in doubt which to bang. His reply was, " In order that thtre may be no mIsUle ) RIVER. ROUTE 01 Tint OHIO niVER. ISO Now York, !• the cour.iy t wuH tirHt w>tlli'>l la IHU-I, lelvetJ a Kmiit ut land from iltivatliiK the irrupe. Tlii* iiice, ami lurK>' quantltivn i),y la gettleil almoHl wholly itN, and tt would be adllK- morn liiduatriuuii, orderly, uy contulim u courl-hoii«t<, or more itorci, and about Vevay, in Carroll county ontainhiK 1 Mi I'lmrli'S Carnill, ol Cnrrolllon. This worllir [iivtrlot unci Jlfllii^'uli-li.d »tiil«'i>uuiu, .IW on tho mil of NovemlHT, Ih.l.. lit llii' Kiii»l old ngi' of iiinrty-fln'. He lived loses all those who had |j!iii'\1 tlieir iiiinii'S with lilx, un that glorious scroll, go tu "that hournc from wli.'!!!"* no tnivvler riturns;" thcu <(ulutly reHignwl hij body to the pcactful vtri It, and in riilrit hastened to Join, in the anguiio world, those noble souls who hiul gone Ufore him. The Kentucky Ri\'ri'« t\wh In the Cumberland moun- taiiia, and after purHulnj; it nurth-weHtcrly coursn for the distuuca of two hundred niid sLxty uiik-.s, empties into the Oliio river at Carrollton. 1'he river hux been rendered nuvigable, by means of dams and locks, of which there are Huvonleeii, built ut a cost of f;'3,tlOO,(l()0. The perpendicular Wight uvercome by these lockii id two hundred and ten feet. The scenery along the bank* of the Kentucky river \a not surpassed by uny other river in the Onion, unless it be tho Hudson. The channel, for the greater piirt of lis courBe, runs through beds of solid limestone rock. In the neighborhood of the month of the river, there are many remuins "f ancient works, relics of a race, whose liistory is beyond the pr>>sent limits of human knowl- edge, and whoso deeds are buried in tho impenetrable mysteriei of the post. Notaa. Frankdorti county seat of Franklin county, and capital of the state of Kentucky, is situated in a t>eautiful plain surrounded by lofty bills, on the Kentucky river, about sixty miles from its mouth. It was laid out in the year 1*73, and was maite the seat of government in 1T9'2. The capitol 'a a largo and handsome cdiflce, built of Kentucky marble. The rcprosentat ve hall is a large room situated in the second story of the building; it is hand- somely ornamented, and is adorned with portraita of Oen. Washington, I.a t'ayette, and Col. Daniel Boone. The senate chamber, also in the second story. Is a smaller room, but very tastefully furnish nl. It has a full length portrait of Oen. Harrison, hanging immediately behind and over the presi- dent's chair. Tlio Penitentiary buildings are spacious, and admirably arranged. The plan on which this prison is conducted is a very superior one, combining punishment with moral reform and mental progress. Tbe prisoners are required to work through the day, with the exception of the Sabbath; on this day there ii divine service, at which all are required to attend, There is also an excelleut library for the use of the prisoners; and those who eao- QOt read are taught. Their diet is plain and simple, bbt amply sufflcient a 'tTxTngton, co„.ty .eat of Fayett. county. Kentucky. 1- l*autifully .tuatei"*Ly-flve n.L .outh-e^t of FrankfoH, on a «... branch of to Elkhorn river. The first ..ettlcnent made h.re, w«» in 1. -«. and wa, cal.cd S"", in comn,c„,ora.ion of the place «here the first battle of the Am..- KriUvoL,:T,oN wa. fought. Itwas Incorporated as atown In the year 1,S2, and ".!. for a few years, the scat of government Lexington is s.tuat«l m the rTeh sVlnd most delightful portion of the state of Kentucky The country al^rise'eedingly fertile, and under the highest degree of cultivation^ The staple product of the county is hemp, for the manufacture of which Theret™ n l^ington and vicinity more than twenty establishments, turn- ngirannually 'oOO.OOO yard, of bagging, and 2,^000 pounds ot^^. Th. plan of the city of Lexington is elegant and uniform. The street, ar, JL cZZs each other at right angles, and well paved. The residence. ^ n»rry"rnoted for their neatness and comfort, and many of them have tastefully ornameuUd grounds attached to them. itl public buildings of Lexington are numerous, and generally good spec Jns of modern architecture. The Transylvania University was founded Z the state in the year 1798. by the association of ">« 'l-ra-yWa.^. Jem nary and the Kentucky Academy. It comprises a medical school, having 8 nrofcssors. and an average of 160 students, holdi.s a summer session in thi. Z and ; winter session in Louisville, a law school having three profe.«.r.. w th an average of about 100 studenU. and a literary department, deaomi- laud Morrison College. This department has three profe«or., and an av The I uuatic Asylum Is an institution of which the state may well be p^oud^ The buildings are spacious and admiraWy adapted to th^ want, of the P^ UenU The treatment of patic.ts 1, condu.U.d on the most approved .y.tem. ^nd^he .ul..s with which it is followed, rellects great credit on tho» hav Inir charge of the institution. . ,, The other public buildings of Lexington are a court-house. >""-l« ^«"' eltvhosnltal work-house. 2 free schools. and 11 churches. PopulaUon. ri»ut 0^ The iTlngton A Loul.ville Railroad, via Frankfort, th« U^n,^n *rTUiSa^cllioppo.iU Cmcluuatl-the Lexington * May^iU-th. O RIVKB. KOUTK OF THE OHIO RIVEB. 131 handsomi- building, ornamented , oontiiins a, flno court-house, 4 ebyturiiiu, and 1 Episcopal, an •al factories, a largo number of kinds, and a population of 3,009. passes through Frankfort Cars isville, and intcrm<-diatc points. Bville, Harrodsburg, and Madison lunty, Kentucky, iR beautifully nkfort, on a small branch of the hure, was in 177fl, and was called .here the first battle of the Am.a- •orated as a town In the year 1782, nment Lexington is situated in le state of Kentucky. The country ;ho highest degree of cultivation. J, for the manufacture of which ,han twenty establishments, turn- g, and 2,200,000 pounds of rope, [ant and uniform. The streets art , and well paTed. The residences ; comfort, and many of them bate tliem. umerous, and generally good specl- isylvania University was founded jciation of the Transylvania Semi- mpriscs a medical school, having 8 », holdiiiS a summer session in this law school having three professors, iiid a literary department, deaomi- t has threo professors, and an av- ' which the state may well be proud, ly adapted to the wants of the pa- ui ti'd on the most approved system, , rellects great credit on those bar- on are a court-house, masonic hall, md 1 1 churches. PopulaUon, about Iroad, via Frankfcrt, the Lexington — the Lexington k M»y«TUle,tto Lexington k Big Snnily, and the Lnxingtun A Danville roads all center here, and when these rtmds shall Iw lompletcci, a fresh impetus will he given to the now languishing trade of this city. Cars arrive and depart daily for LouisTllIc. Stages li'ave daily for Maysville, Cincinnati, and Nashville, Ten- nessee, by the way of Harrodsburg, the Mammoth Cave, Bowling Qreen, Ac, 4c. Ashland, situated al»ut one and a half miles from Lexington was the residence of the grrnt American statesman, the lanuMit«'d Hbnkt Clat. It romprises an estate cf :ihout six hundred ai'n-, considerwl the best and most prwluctive land in the St»l» of Kentucky. The house of .Mr. Clay is built of brick, plain and neat, without any display of architectural beauty. The grounds immodiatcly surrounding the house are laid out in an elegant and tasteful manner, and ornamented with a variety of trees and shrubbery. The name of Asihand is as familiar to the American public, as that of the honorable gentleman who resided there. Boonsborough, situated on the east bank of the Kentucky river, in Madison county, is a small village, and now of little or no Importance, save its connection with the early history of tho West It was on this spot that Col. Daniel Boone niwle the first permanent settlement in the state of Ken- tucky. Here, in tho midst of a trackless forest, filled with hordes of remorse- less and bloodthirsty savages, Col. Boone built. In tho year 1775, a rude fort of logs, and with his family took up his abode. Colonel Daniel Boonb, was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, on the 11th of February, 1731, being one year and eleven days before the birth of Washington. When ho was but a boy his father moved to the head waters of the Yadkin, lu liurth Carolina. At an early age Boono evinced an ardent love for roving through the woods with his gun on his shoulder, in pursuit of game and the excitements of the chase. From his childhood he was char- scteriied by undaunted courage, and it is related of him that when but fonrteen years of age, while out hunting in company with several boys near his own ago, they encountered a huge panther. Young Boone's companions fled in terror and dismay — not so the youthful hero, but coolly raising his gun to hia cheek and taking deliberate aim, shot the animal dead, while in the very act of springing on him. Boone continued to reside n North Carolina until his fortieth year. Very little is known of his adventb -es during this period. The only fact of which there is any degree of certain, r, is his marriage. In the year 1769, having been flred by the glowing descriptions of Finley and others concerning the beautiful country of the Far West, he determined to set out on a visit to the rast hunting grounds lying west of the Cumberland mountains. Leav'.ng his damlly at their home on the Yadkin, he, in company with Finley and four othsrs, started on their expedition. Boone remained in Kentucky for the ■ .■;SW. J g>» ;p' jfJtiy In the little fort. They had all supposed him long since dead, and his family had returned to their friends in North Carolina. Imme- diately on his arrival, Boone proceeded to put the fort in a state of defense, and a short time afterward the Indians, under the command of British officers, appeared before the fort. The garrison was called upon to surrender, which Boone answered by a request that they would give him two days to think about it. This request was granted. At the expiration of the time, Boone informed them that he would decline surrendering, at least for the present. A proposition was then made to treat, which ended, as might have been supposed, by treachery on the part of the enemy ; and the party sent out to treat barely escaped with their lives. The attack then commenced, and continued nine days, making no impression on the fort, and killing bat two of the guiiaon, The enemy then dispelled with the lou of twentj- on tl IVKR. > single human compnnioDi he quivtly and contontvilly companions had all fallen ut on«; and hu brcoming ■n spirit knew nothing of his expedition never once lardrhips of the life, wtre ly he determined to make lis deti-rminntion he started North Carolina, and taking tnil fiTi' other families with ir West. The party encoun- 1 so discouraged them, that ettlenicnts on Clinch riTer. as employed aa a guide to Us of the Ohio. After this, by only a few followers, he ids, in the early part of the ! fort, the party were MTeral nif their number. As soon 3lioch river for his family, I be his abode. The little the Indians, and lost many 17iS, Doone and a party of ody of Indians, at the Blue the following June, when Indians to attack the fort at an attempt to escape. This, i wiui enabled to accomplish, Ilia arrival produced the ill supposed him long since ) in North Carolina. Imme- he fort in a state of defense, ir the command of British 'as called upon to surrender, would give him two days to ; the expiration of the time, urrendering. at least for tb< which ended, as might have enemy ; and the party sent 'he attack then commenced, I on the fort, and killing bat ed with the lou of twentj* ROUTB OF THE OHIO BIVEB. 133 ;7en killed, and. large number wounded. This wa. the '"' "'^"V '""'^ L,„ on Itoonsborougb; and Boone having once more brought hi. am^b to uX place, the settlement en joyc-d pc«» and prosperity for «.veral ><»"• J" ,;"th of August, 1-S2, Boono was engag.-d in the memorable and di«.. il .1,. of the Bit- E I.ICM. Our limits will not admit of a full account rtls'lt^^it to say. that Boone ---.ed himself w.^ th.t LllKntry and fearless courage, which always characterised him n the hour ^f "a A short time after this battle, he accompanied Oen. Clark in h« c'p^itlon against the Indians, which wa., the last campaign of any note in "h^h ho was engaged. In the year 17«5, he left Kentucky, and sUrt«d for he Iksof the MTssnuri. where he lived nntil 1820. when he resigned his l^^rto it. mother earth, and took his aight to realm, of jo, and peace. Ue (lied at the advanced age of eighty-nine y.»rs. Th! remains of Col. lk»ne and his wife have been removed to Frankfort, Kentucky, and now lie entombed at that place. The ..moval of the bodies U,ok 1' *^ on the 13th of September, 1»«. There i. a monument erected to mark the place of the repose of this true nobleman of nature. A monu- ment to him cannot add to his fame; he has reared a name among men which is more durable than marble, and will Uveas long a. virtue exists, and good deeds are appreciated. Preston, is a small village just below the month of the KentucUy river, named in honor' of Col. Preston, of Virginia. 11 contaiDS 2 stores, and about 1 50 inlmbilanls. Madison, county scat of JefFerson county, Indiana, Bituated on f^ Ohio" twelve miles below the mouth of the Kentucky Hver. is one of the largest and n.ost important con'm^rclal cities in tlie state. It is beautifully located in a valley, about three- ou ths of a mile in width and three miles in length, lying in a bend of the river, and surrounded by steep and rugged hills, from four to five huudred feet in hight. . The princM>ul part of the city is situated more than thirty feet above the highest floods °^'^e u'LdeTMadison is quite extensive, '.nd the manufactures are very hnportuut. The principal part of the trade of the c.ty "11*1^1 a„d pork, tho^se articles being the cl"e/P'°'i »«•«»' the state. For many years after the settlement of Madison, itj progress was slow ; b'ut'for the P-* twenty vears it '•- ""P™"'^ verv rapidly. "The population in 18J0 was 2,000, n 1B40, 4,0UU, Ind n"v t is 10,0(10.'^ There has lately been built a fine new holerat a cost of $30,000 which has added "'""h to the appear- anco of the city. The other buildings of note in the city, are ?he court-house^, jail, and county offices,2 ,j,arket.house,, a Wnk, 2 schools, and about 15 churches. Several of these buildings aro ' wyfi?'i?.>?'y''' J 134 ROUTE OF THK OHIO RIVER. hBiidsome and costly edifices. Madison contains nevefHl mills of various kinds, founderlcs, factories, and a largo number of sloreg, many of wliich are wholesale houses, and do un extensive business. The Madison and Indianapolis Railroad was completed in ths vcar 1H49, and is one of the most important works in the state. 'I'his road extends through some of th -. most populous and pro- ductive districts of the State of Indiana, and is of immense ad- vantage to Madison in a comnierciul point of view. There are several branches, extending from the main road, which tend to enhance the importance, and increase the business of this road. There are several important towns on the ruilroad between Mad- ison and Indianapolis, among which ure Virnon, Columbus, Frankun, and some others of minor importance. IndiDnnpalis, rapltal of the State of Indiana, and scat of Justice for Marion county, is situated on the West Korli of White river. It Ilea on a beautiful plain, neatly in the center of the county. The location Is healthy and every way desirable. The city was laid out in the yi*r 1820, for the purpose of making it the seat of government. At that time the country around was an unbroken wilderncsa. It was but a short time, however, till the town began to Improve, and it has continued to go on steadily up to this time. The commerce and manufactures of Indianupolis are In a flourishing condition. The city is situated in the midst of a most fertUe agricultural district, with uumemus facilities for transportation. Indianapolis is tb* great center of a system of no less than dghl railroads of an aggregate length within the state of 1,100 miles, vU. : The Madison from the south, the Law- reuceburg from the south-east, the Central from the cast, the Bellefontaine from the north.east, the Peru firom the north, the Lafayette firom the north- west, the Tcrre Haute from the west, and the New Albany from the south. Into one depot, called the Phion Depot, all these roads run, each road having a separate freight depot, connected with the main DouWo-Onion-Track by a turn-out switch. The building is of brick^20 tmt by 100 foet, with five tracks for passenger trslns Inside, and two for the pamagc of freight trains outside, with rooms for passengers, *c It la the joint property of the different com- panies using It, the presld<>nts of which form a union board of management of it. Passengers change from car to car without leaving the building. Thes* advantages i«nder the onward progress of Indianapolia a certrinty. The public buildings are, a fine state-house, 80 by 160 Ibut, erected at a coit of $fi0,000, 7 first class hotels, a splendid masonic hall, a court-house, 8 Mi» Insries, and 17 churches, a number of private and district schools, 6 mills, 2 carding machines, 2 founderlcs and machine shops, and about 130 stores of varioua kinds. There are some important sUte instituttons near tba city, which have bwn but recently esUblished, and which deserve separate notkxi. <;|.JiUJi ? J*»"f.;." RIVSR. ;onlains nevefnl mills or I liirgo number of Blorps, lio uii extennive busiiiiiB. (i was completed in the rtant works in the state, iiost populous and pro- and is of Immense ad- lilt of view. There aro lin roiid, which tend to le business of this road. B ruilroiul betweou Mad- ire Vernon, Columbus, portance. diana, and scat of Justice for if White river. It lie* on a nty. The location Is healthy It Id the yvar 18'20, for the At that time the country ut a short time, faoweTer, till d to go on atuadily up to this lanupolls are In s flourishing f a most fertile agticultUTRl rtation. Indianapolis ii the ilroada of an aggregate length on from the south, the Law- m the cast, the Bellefontaine Lhe Lafayette trom the north- New Albany from the south. ) roads run, each road hatriog ain Douhle-Union-Track by a wt by 100 feet, with fiTotraclu sage of freight trains outside, property of the different com* union board of management It leaving the building. Thes* ianapolis a certidntjr. 10 by 160 fiMtt, erected at a cost nic hall, a rourt-houM, 8 i and district schools, 6 mills, 2 ihops, and about ISO stores of tte institutions near Um city, rhich doserre separate noUoN. ROUTE OF TUK OHIO RIVKR. tm Ta« AsnoM FOB THE DsAF AND DUMB, was established by an act of the state legislature, in ISM. The buildings ore located in a beautiful grove, about a mile ea»t of the city. The whole length of the main building to two hundred and fifty-six feet, and is beautifully stuccoed with hydraulic cement. There are now over one hundred pupils in attendance, and the institution Is in a very flourishing condition. The session commences on the first Wednesday In October, and closes on the last Wednesday In July. Till IHDIANA Institute for ths Edocatiom or the Blind, was founded In 1847, by legislatiTe enactment It occupies a beautiful site of eight acres in the northern part of the city. The building is four stories high, including basement, with a fine portico in front, and Is, no doubt, large enough to meet the wants of the slate for several years to come. The Indiana IIospitai. for the Insanf., is beautifully located on a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, two miles west of Indianapolis. The cost of farm and buildings is cstimatod at $72,000. The present edifice wUl accommodate two huniire®K /;.ssrrs'3^js5»i'ssr«rii*swr"' R1VKR. miles below Westport, rleslon, which is situated I Landing, is a small vil- 350. The article known lere in large quantities, r Utica, in the same conn- 1 in constant communica- pleasantand finely locat- 1 honor of Mr. Jefferson, he Indiana State Peniten- building, and well adapted town also contains a land and a population of 2,000. lad, (completed to Colum- ., with Indianapolis, Ind. ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVKR. 137 VILLI. Pfferson county, Kentucky, uated on the south bank ot y, and west longitude 8° 4o Greenwich. It ts laid out reels are 120 feet wide. y extensive ; the net amount business being estimated at orles are also numerous and r the manufacture of baggiiig. is, 1 brass foundery, 1 rolling hite lead factory, 1 nail toe- candle factories, pork houses, tobllahmenU of various kinds. The public buildings of Lonlaville are numerous, and some of them handsome spechnens of architecture. The churches ara Ihirlv in numlur, viz : 9 Methodist, 5 Baptist, 2 Universalist, 3 Kpisbopalian, 1 Unitarian, 4 Presbyterian, 1 Christian Disciples, I Bethel, 1 Free church, 1 Jewish Synagogue, and 2 Roman CutlluliC. „ ,.. I . n . L. The Uninrrsily of LnuisBille has a fine edifice, and is a flourisliing nnd growing Institution . It has boen estal)lisliod but a few years. 'I'll.! first course of lectures was delivered in the winter of 1847. The Medical Instilute, founded in the year IH:)7, is a public instituUon of high rank. It has been extensively patronized, and enjoys the enliro confidence of iu patrons. Tlie edifice is a liaiuisome and elegant structure; and the arrangements of the col- leire arc surpassed bv none iu the West. _ The Marine llnspiluU established in 1 820, as a place of refnge for sick and disabled boatmen, is an institution which the dan- gerous navigation of our western waters renders of vast impor- tance. _ The Asylum for the Blind, is a noble institution, and reflects the highest honor on the state. It was established in the year 1^42. The building of the institution is large and commodious. The students are instructed in all the principal branches of edu- cation taught in our colleges. They are also instructed in various kinds of mechanical arts, by which they may be enabled to oara H livelihood. , „ , , . ... Besides these buildings, there is a splendid court-house and city hall, a city and county jail, a large theatre, a hospital, 2 orphan asylums, a Magdalen asylum. 4 large school-houses belonging to the city, 4 market-houses, a city work-house, 5 banks, and sev- eral fine hotels, the principal of which are the Gait House and Louisville Hotel The newspapers and periodicals of Louisville are, — The h)uis- vitU Journal, Morning Courier, Eoemng Express, and LoninilU Democrat, dailies; and the LnuitvUle Christian Advoeate, Baptigt Haniirr, Presbyterian Herald, SpirU of the Age, Exmnxner, and CatAo/ic AdB0ca t(lly ; yet It ro niuliiii, 118 tiprotoforp. in tlio IiuikIh of a comjiaiiy of ciipitnliHtti. Aftur Home iMuy, Louisvillti has uwakeiied to a kiiowleiige of the neccsjiity of coniu'cllng herself with her sister oilies by iron bonds, and has made herself a center for quite a number of roiids, viz.: the Frankfort &, Lexington, the Nashville, and the Clnciii- nat<, south of the Ohio; am! the Liifayette St, New Albany, and the JetTersonville & Columbus on the north. Louisville was first settled in the year 1778, by H few families, who emigrated from Virginia under Gen George Rogers Clark. They built a block-house where Lonisville now stands, and were Boon joined by numerous other parties of emigrants. The town was established by the Virginia legislature in the year 17H0, and at that time contained just tAir^y inhahitants. The settlers suf- fered severely for many years, from the encroachments of the savages. In the year ICiOO, Louisville contained a population of 600; in 1810, 1,3(10; in 1^20, 4,000; in 1830, 10,000; in 1840, 21,000; and la 1850,50,000. $illippillK'^P<>rt« situated two miles below Louisville, in the same county, is a small village at the mouth of tlie canal. Portland, three miles below Louisville, also in Jefferson county, is a place of considerable importance, on account of the large steamers generally making it a stopping-place, not being able to get through the canal. There is a line of omnibuses running from Portland to Louisville, for the convenience of travelers. It contains about a dozen stores, and a population of 600. New Albsiny. county-scat of Hoy d county, Indiana, Is sit- uated opposite Portland, and is one of tiio most important towns in the state. It was laid out in the year 1813, by three brothers of the name of Scrlbner, with wide streets and convenient side- walks. It is the southern terminus of the New Albany & Salem Railroad, connecting tlie Ohio river with Lake Michigan at Chi- cago, via Micliigan City ; and crossing and intersecting the nu- merous roads passing across Indiana. The business of steamboat building Is carried on here to a greater extent than any other place in the state. Other branches of mechanics are also in a flourishing condition. There are 11 churclies, viz: 3 Baptist, 1 Episcopalian, 2 Metho- dist, 1 Lutheran, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Catholic, and 1 Christian. There is also a collegiate institute, a Presbyterian theological seminary, 2 district schools, several private schools, 1 bank, 9 printing offices, 3 iron founderies, 1 brass foundery, 1 bagging factory, and about 130 stores of various kinds. In 1830, the population of New Albany waa 2,000; In 1840, 4,285j in 1850, 11,000. > RIVKR. thin rri.Piiteilly; yet It re cuinpaiiy of ciipitaliHlH. ikeiied to u kiiowluilge of tl> lif r xiHter cilieH by iron r quite u iiutnlii-r of Toiuit, Mushville, uiid tlin Cliiciii- (•etie &. New Albany, uiid north. ir 1778, by h fow familiea, ion. George Rogers Cliirk, ville now stands, and were of emigrants. The town ture in the year 17H0, and 'lUantg. The settlers siif- tho encroachments of the contained a |iv)piilHtloii of in 1830, 10,000; In lb40, miles below Louisville, in he mouth of the canal. DUisville, also in Jefferson ortiince, on account of the ipping-place, not being able line of omnibuses running nvcnienco of travelers. It opniation of 600. oyd county, Indiana, Is sit- tiio most important towns ?ar 1813, by three brothers treets and convenient side- r the New Albany &. Salem ■ith Lake Michigan at Chi- g and intersecting the nu- g Is carried on here to a the state. Other branches condition. it, 1 Episcopalian, 2 Metbo- Catholic, and 1 Christian, a Presbyterian theological private schools, 1 bank, 3 brass foundery, 1 bagging rious kinds. In 1830, the )j In 1840, 4,225; In 1850, ROUTE or THE OHIO RIVKR. 1S8 There U a rnilroml from this place to Salem, and is intended to b,- eiirried slill further. This, when completed, will add much to the importance of the city. Sleiimboiits arrive and depart dally for all points on the Ohio nml MisRi'tan>ling on a commanOiiig emlm^nee, and sur- rounili>d by a fine country. It contains the uoual county buildings, 6 cliur -hull, a colluge, seminary, 2 academies, atout 'iO Btores, 1 printing olBce, Kvcral fiu^torics, a numtjer of mechanics' shops, and a population of 1,800. It roceivcd lu namo In honor of the llarrod family, who emigratod to Ken- tucky at an early period. The Marrmlsbarg SIprings, situated near Harradsburg, is one of the most celebrated waU-ring places in the state The waters contain sulphate of magnesia, carbmate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, aulpbatu of soda. Iron, cnrlmnate of llmo, and sulphureted hydrogen. The proprietor of the Springs, Dr. Christopher Oraham, has sirecte* a roiisniflcent hotel, and laid out extensive and beautiful grounds, at a cost of $1100.000. The medicinal virtues of the waUtrs, and the excellent accommo- dations, attract crowds of visitors during the summer season. DaBTille, county-seat of Boyle, 8 milis troni Ilarrodsliurg, Is an outer prising pla( e, laid out with wide streets, tnUirsectlng each other at right an- gles. It has a railroad connection with Lexington, Kenlucky, and Is on the line of railway from that city to lutersert the UhaUiiooga road li> Tennessee, via M.iMiuuvllle. Danvllb college, so long under the (.barge of Preaklant VuUDg, is locat«d here, and Is very ttouriablng. ,40 BOt/TCE OF THE OHIO MVm. l'"". • ,H 4 «iore8 anil about 200 inhaWlanU. amall village, in Harrison county , li"^''"^- KSi sir.", iiip-rrrsii.. «. .»».. .>»" tion »; "bo|J 300. _^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^j ^^ ,„t^S?SlS! at* Kft^tween Crawford uuU Perry count... C4 tiicli; iture nbuu nt lit B twcl) creel jail, 600 1 Si coun chur eHtal Sj tlie ' cour sudil Etillll Will .._,»,g, g^.»44a ^t.>. w 4U.J/; 4'g^ a RIVKR. ROUTE or TUB OHIO RIVKR. 141 lio, just below tlt« mouth thriving llltle vllliige, iloi- It coiitoir.* au extensive [tliitants. Meude county, KentucVy, river, on a high bluff batik ide, being a ghipplng point CO It contalnH 2 mills, i ileal Hhops, and about 700 IcB below Brandenburg, to « iuna. It coutainB one store, 1, 30. aelow Mauckport, Is a imall lins but few houses, and \a I. Blow Northampton, also In lage, containing 2 stores, and rises in Washington county, direction for the distance of Oliio about two miles above of Crowford county, Indiana, miles below Amsterdam. It ed for business; being at the in Indiana. The country In Bdinely fertile, and well cultl- of this town, will, at no very business place. Leavenworth iper printing office, about X ustlce for Crawford county, Ij r Leavenworth, on a high bluft f a dozen stores, and a popula- I Crawford county, and emptiei Crawford and Perry counties. es below Fredonla, just below a Perry county, Indiana, U a louses. Population, 100. Concordia, ten miles below Alton, In Meade county, Ken- tucky, Is a pleunantly situated villHgc, coiituiniiig 1 church, 3 stores, and about 75 inliabituiits. The hills In this mlgliborhood abound in beds of limestone rock, from which Ininiense ijuantilies of lime are made, Rome, county seat of Perry county, Indiana, is situated twelve miles below Conconiiu, opposite the mouth of Sinking creek. It was settled in 1811, and now contains a court-house, jail, county seminary, 3 churches, a number of stores, and about 600 Inhabitants. Stephensport, situated opposite Rome, In Breckenridge county, Kentucky, is a pleasant little village, contuining 2 churches, several stores, and a population of about 250. It was established in 1825, and is now rupldly growing into importance. Sinking €rcek, is a very remarkable stream. It rises in the upper part of Breckenridge county, and after pursuing a course of about six miles, suddenly sinks Into the ground, and as suddenly bursts into view about five miles from the spot where it sunk. Of its subterraneous passage, nothing definite is known. Whether the depth to which it sinks is but a few feet, or many, or whether It pursues a straight course, or a meandering one, la all doubt and speculation. On the banks of this creek rtiay be seen a natural rock n*l- dam, which serves all the purposes of one constructed by the hand of man. There has been a mill erected just below this dam. Not fur from this place is a cave called Ponitenliury Cave, of vast size, and coutuining many mugnificcut apartments. Collins' Kentucky says : " In one of the rooms about one hundred yards from the mouth of the cave, the roof is from sixty to seventy feet high, and on the floor there are three natural basins or troughs of cool, clear water, of very remarknblo construction and appear- ance, fifteen feet in length, four feet wide, and twelve inches deep. These basins are elevated above the level of the floor, in the form of troughs; and i( is remarkable, that the stones which form the sides and ends of the basins, do not exceed iu thickness the blade of a table knife." ClOVCrport, situated ten miles below Sinking creek, in the same county, is a place of some commercial imporcunce. There Is considerable shipping done from this point, mostly con- sisting of tobacco. The town contains quite a number of stores, and a population of about 800. There are extensive and almost inexhaustible beds of coal in this viciuity. But little attention has yet beeu turned to these ^I'.iji*' " ..,^(35^. *^^M^ 142 ROUtK OF THl OHIO RIVKR. Nt'Bf Cloverporf, nn- llu' Whitk Sim.piiiir, HRECKKNHioor, nml Tar SpRiNds. 'I'lie wiil.T of thiHK 8|iriiinH U highly moillcatrd, uiul tli.-y iir« becoming a fiwliioimble, and juslly celobruted water- ing |>lucf . llaWt'SVlUc, rminty H.at of Hiincock county, Kentucky, iHHiluiiti'.l fourl.en uiil.'s h.luw Clov.ryuri, on tho OUlo. The town lius coiisUcMblu truiie, being sltualed In the coul region, and being conveniently lociited for U«.uls passing up and down the river. It contuins u coiirt-liou«e, .all, U churcheii, 2iichooli, uboat u iiozen Hlores, and a pu|iulaliun ul bOO. About lour miles from llawesville, may be «een a natural fortl- fionlion. It is a circulur plul of land, nnrronnded by Umccesalble dills, rising to llie bight of from lifly to one hundred and twenty-live foet, and projecting over at the top. i'nilliclton, is situated opposite to llawesville. In Perry county, Indiana. This nourishing village promises to become an Important manufuctiiring city, and that at no very distant day. In the year lei4I>, its population w^a about 500; it is now oslimalod Bt 2,000. No place on the river seems to be increasing wiUi ■ucli unparalleled rapi-iity. The chief business of the town liM been the i ing of coul for steamboats. Kecently a large num- ber of capitalists have commenced at this place, tlie business of nwnufacturing. The excellence and cheapness of coal, building ■tone, fire clay, &c., together with the hcaltliintSband convenience of tnc site, fully warrant the belief, that this -nin'-Tul dlatriot will become one of the most important manufacturing positions in the world. The coul hills seem to .xlend along the river more than five miles. The depth of the coal strata averages about four and a half feel; this is underlaid by fire clay, and runs into the hills with ail ! proiiiises to become hut ut no very distunt day. ut 5UI); it is now ontiinutod 111 to be increasing with business of the town has I. licceiitly a large iium- ihis place, tliu busint'ss of hrupiit'SK of coul, building ealtliiiits:, und convenience it IlilH inin'.'rul dlatriot will ufacturiiig posltioiia iu the iiloiig the river more than tu uvrrugetl uhoiit four and uikI runu into the hills with It for nuturiil drainage 111 the center of the town, iwers 106 feet high. It is nildtoiio, which is cut with iiidli'8, and corresponding 5,000,000 yai-ds of brown i>cuutirul edifice of tlie kind Iffly of wond, and se*m to le iircfssitifs of cinigTunts. >, howfver, will eventually luiiig purposes, site Beii'i;ted for the monu- 'us purchased by blm soou aflir the Introduction of steam qavlgatlon on the Ohio, nnd la reference tu the future value of thesp coul bunks for steum piir- iioHes. This place is peculiury uppropriute for the erection of a tribute to the memory of that great uiid world-renowned mun. Troy, situated six miles below Canneltun near the mouth of Anderson river, in the suiiie county, is a thriving village, und must in the course of time, commuiid the commene of a portion of the rich mineral district in the rear and along the margin nf this section of the great central coal field. Should this district increiise In population und wealth, as accessible coal districts always have increased, this point will surely bewonie one of im- nieuBo importunce. The bunks of the Ohio from tho mouth of Anderson river to Deer creek, and embracing Cannelton, has been pronounced by eminent civil engineers, to be the best situ for a manufacturing city, of any now known In this or any other country. There are more natural advantages here for the manu- facture of great staples, cotton, wool, Iron, and the various kinds of clay und earthenware, than at any point known elsewhere. In view of the movements now In progress, and of those in pros- pect, this section of the Ohio possesses unusual Interest to the Troy now contains 2 churches, several stores and about 350 inhabitants. ' Anderson River, rises in Crawford county, and flows In a southerly direction and empties into the Ohio near Troy. It is navigable for flatbouU about thirty miles, iu high wuter. It also affords many valuable mill privileges. jVIaxville, situated just below the mouth of Anderson river, in Spencer county, Indiana, is a small village, containing several stores, and ubout SOO InliabltanU. ButOSVille, two miles below Maxvllle, In the same county. Is a small unimportant village, containing about the same number of inhabitants us Maxvllle. l,CWl»>port, situated three mllea below Bntesvllle, in Han- cock county, Kentucky, is a small village, extending for some distance along the banks of the river. It contains 1 church, U'vcral stores, and a population of 300. ROCkport, seat of iustice for Spencer county, Indiana, is situated ttiirteen miles below Lewisport, on the Ohio. Ita name is derived from a hanging rock, known by the name of "Lady Washini/toii'i Roek." This rock is a sandstone formation, and rUes to the hight of about tliirty feet above the general level of tlie river. 10 ' gtV- ' ^iajT ' , 14 KOrTK OF THE OHIO KIVKB. 'Yellow Banks. l^^^'^^^^^^ZS^^^^^ '=°"»'j; f Tn of the Btute. It <=°n^'*'"'„„^i 1 cutholic church, 2 schools, an 1 Baptist, lPr«sbytermn,«ndlUao_^^^^^ acadeniv, IB stores, ami a'"'7.' ,.','' of CoL. Joseph Hamilton dTouJs County y^f ":y'^t:VSc M^Tr'hall.aud one of the Daviess, brother-in-law of Chu-fJusuc ^^^.^^^ Kentucky can KtihS^^Tj^a^--^--^ of his bravo troops. Owensboro, in the same Bon Ilavbor, three n"><'^^„"'Tt.Ye v lage. There is an colTnTy is a thriving and progre swe htUe v.U^ g^^ .^^ eddy formed by a ^ar » "»« "'^"j^^.^ this circumstance hat the excellent harbor for boats. It is wom ft„e beds of name of the place «/,X's for narfiruring to u large and coal, which render facilities »«[ ""' j Bon Harbor contains ::tensive -"on af ^^^ 300. a number of stores, ana p p ^^^^^^ ^.^^^^ lation of 200. . Enterprise, is a small of 500. . . , county, Kentucky, a"J «1ireen Wiver, rises in Lincoln cou uj. direction flowing "rough an exceedingy rich -u y,^..n_^.^ ^^,^^^, 1 early west and north-west, ° f '^ ;"f „,. Cumberland river, Newbnrg, fif'y ™'^/^°,:: b'ow Louisville. It has been made '^^■X.Tr^^^orS:'^ dams, for a distance of one hundred and sixty miles. .H y ^ ^ ^l^^^l;^^Mv:^^'«3;g^j^:'JgSA^/^^•'»-*«^ gjSlP'SSSBrrri 10 RIVEK. 'Zm r.na county offices, a several stores, and a popu- Daviess comity, Kentucky, rt, on the Ohio river, at the ^rible trade with the .ntferior l-house and county offices, Iholic cliurch, 2 schools, an inhabitants. ,or of CoL. Joseph Hamilto. 3tico Marshall, and one of the liers. of which Kentucky can ,t of major, under Gen. Har Vabashlndians, inlHU. m lie gallantly heading a charge >low Owensboro, in the same ;e little village. The« w ar. ,t this place, whch forms a^ om this circumstance thai the the vicinity are hue beds o nauufucturing to u large and ish.nent. Bon Harbor contauis ion of about 300. w Bon Harbor, is a small village iniug a few stores, and a popu- helow Enterprise, is a small nty, and containing only about miles below Point Isabel, in „X located and thriving town bv Michael Spriukle, and was a ,^ contains 3 churches, 3 largo "Several stores, and a population .incoln county, Kentucky, and V rich country, in ^/'rVf;;"" ,ters the Ohio six miles below e raouth of Cumberland nver, :wLoui«vill«- It has been made aTd dams, for a distance of ouo MAMMOTH CAVE. 145 A DESCRIPTION OF MAMMOTH CAVE. Mammoth Cav*, situated on the banks of Green river, in Mmoufon county, Kentucky, is the most stupendous work of nature to be found any- where on tho earth. The following deaerlption is gleaned from the publieation of a visitor, entitled " Rambles in the Mammoth Cave during the year 1844 : " For a distance of two miles from the cave, by the approach from the south- eut, the country is level. It was, until lately, a prairie, on which, however, the oak, chestnut and hickory arc now growing; and there being no under- brush, its smooth, verdant openings present here and there a close resera- Wanco to the parks of the Englixh nobility. Emerging from these beautiful woodlands, the >-isitor is presented with a view of the hotel and adjacent CTOunds. The hotel is a large edifice, two hundred feet long, by forty-five foot wide, with piazzas sixteen feet wide, extending the whole length of the building above and below. The accommodations of this hotel ure excellent. Tho cave is about two hundred yards from the hotel, and is approached through a romantic and beautiful dell, shaded by a forest of trees and grape- vines Passing by the ruins of some old saltpet-* furnaces, and large mounds of ashes, and turning abruptly to the right, the visitor is suddenly startled bv a rush of cold air, and beholds before him the yawning mouth of the great cavern, dismal, dark and dreary. Descend some thirty feet, by rude stone .tops, and you are fairly under the arch of this « nether world." Before yon, in looking toward the entrance, is seen a small stream of watei, falling from the face of the rock, upon tho ruins below, and disappearing in a deep pit. Proceeding onward about one hundred feet, tho progress of the explorer is arrested by a door, set in a rough stone wall, which stretches across and completely Hocks up the entrance to the cave. Pa&^ing through this door, you enter a narrow passage, at tho end of which is the great vestibule or antechamber of the cave. This is a hull of an oval shape, two hundred feet in length by one hundred and fifty feet wide, with a roof as flat and level aa if finished by the trowel, and from fifty to sixty feet higli. Two passages, each a hundred feet in width, open into it at its opposite extremities, but at right angles to each other; and as they run in a straiglit course for five or six hundred feet, with tho same flat roof common to each, the appearance presented to tho eye is that of a vn.st hall in the shape of tho letter L, expanded at the angles, both branches being five hundred feet long by ono hundred wide. The passage to the right, is "Audubon Avenue ; " that in the front is the beginning of the Grand GulUry, or the main cavern itself. Tho entire extent of this prodigious space is covered by a Mngle rock, in which the eye can detect no break, save at its borders, which are surrounded by a broad and sweeping cornice, tra':ed in horizontal panel work, exceedingly told and regular. Not a Blngle pUlar or pier of any kind contributes to support it. MAMMOTH CAVE. d Si f 146 ftppcanx..™ of floating cloud.. T."" ""k Bat r^ m , ^^^^ the great veatibule. It 18 a niue o ^^^^ ^,^^ ^.^^^^ „ many in '''f ./„""%„„,. ,„ ealloU from a supposed rosemblauco „.,tor cornea *"^f ^^^i^f/,^;" and deseeodiug gradually about twenty to the cUllB ou the KentucKy riTi,r, ~jv. ^ ^t. enter, the C.hch. The ceiling here ^^ "'f ^i^''^;'- ^f rai^meter. Church iUelf, including the rece,.. is -J*-' ^uTythtdt, is the Organ Eight or ten feet above the P,dp,t,mi »»™«~ °^2„f j^e largest si.e. A Which 1. .ufflcicntly cap^ious^r an orga^^^^^^^^^^ This Church is largo enough to contain many ^^^ ^^ of the wall seems to have been designcl for a pulp.t, and a . place admirably calculated for an organ and cloj^r.^ I^^^^^^^^^ «Lre. religious ^rri^J^^'^^^^^ ^-«;-^^^^ ,^ ,,„ ,^., Blight effort on the part of the speaker u. iui«. congregation. .i,,„„„h the ruins of the old saltpetr* Leaving the Church, and proceeding '""'""K^ "''^^^'h ^^ich is a narro. ^orks. the visitor will see a large --'J-^^^^J^cave above, an. gallery, sweeping across the main cave, and '°^ »« "^'^ ^;„„ ^„„bt. was at on the right. Thl» latter cave is the Oothio ~«. "l--^ ^^^^^^ ^^ one time connected with the cave opposite. Th 0» J^^^ ^ ,,„ „„„ visitor ««ends f™m the main ^^^^ » «1 ^ "X' ^ „,„y p^ long, forty feet wide, -f /f^"^!;: "f^^J^f"^' "most skillful plMter.,. smooth and white as if formed "^ 'h*. '^wel of th^ ^^^ ^^_^ ,n a recess, on the >e« hand e,^^^^^^^ ^^^J;l^^J, „„, „, ,,.^. . fe„^e, rC SuirS TgULan of New Vorlc. The foUowing .. «> extractor his description: a.* ,„k was met ^^W^?i^,.-^ iiv;jt»j^a)*-*** '»*■•* ^.=.va»^3%W ' MAMMOTH CAVK. 147 the right, the visitor entcri in a mile long, fifty or sixty this apartment prcponts the om call', a branrh of Audubon ut three hundred yards from cr of a mile in length, »nd is teet deep. During the winter inging from the walls, iu »u opeus, tUey all disappear, fenue, the visitor returns into te, at right angles to that just lin cavern. This is a vast tun- oughout, fifty feet lu width hy n cave a quarter of a mile, the from a supposed roscmblauco mdiug gradually about twenty sixty-three feet high, and the one hundred feet in diameter, ediately behind it, Is the Organ. 5an and choir of the largest siie. y thousands; a solid projection a pulpit, and a few feet back, is 1 choir. In this great temple of rformcd, and it requires but a ike himself Ueard by the largest igh the ruins of the old saltpetrs .nnected with which is a narro» losing Itself in a cave above, and Avenue, which, no doubt, was »t Tbe Gothic Avcnao, to wblch the ight of stairs, is about two miles The celling, in many places, is as el of the most skillful plasterer, feet above the floor, two mum- cripticn of one of these, a female, Sew York. The following Is »n B short, cave, a flat ro.k was met mrface of the earth. In the cave; ir feet wide, and as many lonm three feet deep, and as many in ibterrauean chamber, sat in Boleum rilence one of the human species, a female, with her wardrobe and o"'"""'''* S at her side. The bo.ly was in a state of perfect P--"f' o"- »"* s tt S etct. The arms were folded up, and the hands laid across the to»m . rund L v,rist., wo, wound a small cor... design.Kl, probably^ keep them Tthe Sn m which thoy were fir.t placed, around the body and ™xt th"l were wrapped two deer-.klns. These skin, appeared to have been ? ^'■,rI!mo mode dilTerent from what is now practiced by any people of 7 T havTary know edge. The hair of the skins w,« cut off very near T \ The skinswer^ ornamented with the imprinU of vine, and the surfac... J^« '" "" j;^ ^^^ , ,„,,„„ee p..rfoctly whit«. OuUlde of The hair on the head was cut olT within an eighth of an Inch of the sUn, LLt near the neck, where it was an Inch long. The color of the hair wa. a dark Z] he U.th were white and perfect. I discovered no bl«m..h npon the Wy exUt a wound between two ribs, near the back bone; and on. of h .M a^» been injured. The finger and toe nail, were Perf-* «»» lult^ long The features were regular. I measured the leng h of one o the Cs of fhe arm with a string, from the elbow to the wrist joint, and they \^ „;„,.- , '. n«th vis : ten inches and a half. From the examinaUon Ttt who. T .,: . Sgld the figure to be that of a very tall female, say ofth«whol*,ti The body, at the time It was discovered, weighed five feet ten ir , ^rf„ctly dry ; on exposure to the atmosphere, Ta^^dTw^ig. . :V.irdtm ne-'fourpou^nds. The feature, of thU •^':rm::w of the humanUny --VT rh^r^i^ltntm" '^ „me, American woman. The forehead wa. h.gh, and the he«l well formed. The writer enters Into a minute and very Interesting «!Count of the ornv me„r.nd«ticle.of dress which were found with tbi» "^^c of anUqulty. Onr space, however, will not «lmit of a more lengthened de«=riptlon. The«. mummies resembled those found in a cave, in ""."""'^f '"«'»"• Ke^ky.^ut, having been discovered by the unlearned, and at a time whrtwhite. were very much excited against t^e l"-''-. -otUng but ^.««>tof tbelr existence ha. ever been pre«,rved T^« <»" !° •»• f '^J tadle. were found wa. supposed to have been an Indian sepulchre, it WM Zr«npt^; «.a all the bodies burned on a funeral pile together. 1 nu. the ;;^rid hSl p^Tably .o.t forever, that which time c*n never restore— "^^TJ. ::lt nr^; of pla«. Of mtere-t and aUr^lon, In^hl. su. JLe-. world, which we have not time to menUon «,pa«te^. f»°°f'^.» ZT^atter. of Interest, w, may mention the Star C^*"^^ ;;^«;'";,; Cofllii. the DerU'. Arm-Chalr, Napoleon's Brewtwork, the LoTor". Leap, th. ...■rjmhJM^ lit J 48 MAMMOTH CAVE. I,e„rte mile. «w,m Louisville and Nashville, (see Route Book, 20) X^r whLh circulates through the cave, 1. considered ^^^r^^ hi,;tn.ficialt„tho«, laboring under di.ea«. of the lungs. Thous«.d. " ,t the cave in quest of health, man, return apparentty benefit^. Kvnnsvllle, nine miles below the mou h of Green river, I, ^e fo untT-e at' of Vanderburg county, I.ulia.m. It v.. .laid „„t InTe vear 1816, and received its name in honor of Gen R Louisville ana the moiltll of tl.« river. ' "" "^ . , j ^,4, I. o.o.Uen.M., and raplJIy '"«''": '''E.aI.vill.&T«~ H.ol. arises .0' '?-" ~i»r b~"- "S» 1,500,000 pounds of pork and bacon. ^^^^ " viUZ., .iluoW .".» ".No. below Ev««v''^'"J:S but few housed. pni the ^'^i:^W^*^^SM- sT.-s^^^r.- HOUTE OF TUB OHIO KlVliU. m ! Dome, tho Winding W»7, Bandit's lUll, *o-, *c It l» »o hundred and twunty-»ix ral rlTCM, and twenty-thre« !n explored, which i» about ped in tho clouda oi its own itry, should fall to vinlt thta t the time spent In Its examl- I Cincinnati, Kranlifort, Lex- uring high water, steamboats J of the care. It is about 130 SBL'RQ SPEiKos, and 90 mllei is considered by many to be i*B of the lungs. Thousands 1 apparently benefited, le mouth of Green river, ity, Iiidiaiia. It was laid lame in honor of Ocn. R tllera of the place. It i3 o, about equi-difttaut from The trade of Evansville The Wabash and Erie SvaiiBville & Terre Haute as far as Princeton, and r Evansville in connection of other roads— tier already to an amount almost in- city in the state, in coni- (use here now whose bnsi- 100,000 per annum. The iiiited at more than bOO.OUO uts, 1,500 tons of bay, and iuil, a branch of the state n, 2 Metiiodist, I Episco- ;atholic, a market-house, 2 )er of stores, and a popuUi- low Evansville, in the same mportauce, and oonlalmog ,1,-.... st*a ra- ilendcrsoil, situated twelve miles below Evansville, is th» co"ry"n.t of Ilomlersou county, Kentucky. I was .ucorpo. r" in 1812, and is now a place of extensive trade. t is the ^i t pine point for all tho produce of tho extensive and highly n "cou atry bordering on Green river. There are numerous ho s ot sto e-coal and iron ore found in the vicin ty of Ilemlersou, V ich wU Isoinoday vastly enhance the manufacturing interest nfil is region The town now contains a court-house, jail, and 1,,, voices 1 Baptist, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Epis- :",;al^chulch,'4 scllls,'5 tobacc'o factories, 20 stores, and a popu- '"'Wi^" FmnkHn, fourteen miles below Henderson, in Po^v cuuuTv, ludiana, is a small and unimnortant village, con- tall^ng only^si-x or eight houses, and about 46 inhabitants ItlotlUt Vei-IIOII, county seat of Posey county, Indiana, ■ ■.?„?V twTlTo miles below West Franklin, on a fiuo blulF of .ssiuated \^\';;^'^';Xd u 1803, and contains, at tho present "" ^;>,rt house ail and county ofllces, 2 hotels, 3 churches, ri"riLp\L°! r&'di^nd ^ Presb'yterian.) a number of stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. ITlllOUtOWn, situated ten miles below Mount \ ernon, at ,h„ niouth of Hich and creek, in Union county, Kentucky, is a i,rrurishi. business-like little place. It issituatea ina vo.-y rsiiiy "... 11.. i.'» "1 u.° "■*«i '•" ■" ■""• , „ , wnbasll Blvcr, rim. Ii. Mtrci oanly, Oh.o, .Dd •«" naXab e for flat-boats for 400 miles, and in time of high water. 2a. 10 Improv. Ita condUl«« «t our irM taM" ■""••■ ^^BT^ 150 ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. would do a vuit amount of good, and form a brilliant pagQ in its lil! .nnati, drawn by the irm hone, tinty, is situated one buMlnd : east bank of the Wabash, alae :rie canal. It was laid out in B who purchased the ground at of Terre Haute is considerable, ling a center of railway oonuntt- led ; one to Springfield, and OD* re all in course of construction, will be continued on to Craw- A Salem road to Michigan Cit7, lie, on the Ohio, to Chicago, IlL, e iron track alnady cobiwcUbc KOUTB OF THE OHIO RIVER. 161 It with the EnKt, will soon open an uninterrupted communication to New York, Unjiton, l*hilndel|ihia, and Baltimore. The town contains the usual county buildings, 8 churches, a branch of the ■tste bank, a county seminary, several fine hotels, two or three large pork* bouses, and about 70 stores. The population, 4,A00. Canal boats arrive and depart constantly. Stages leave regularly for St Louis. Fort Harrlaon, was built in 1812, by order of Oen. Harrison, on the Wabash river, about twenty miles below Terre Haute. Tlie olject In building the fort was the protection of the frontier settlements against the incursions of the British and Indiana. The command was given to Capt Zachary Taylor, afterward major general in the American army, and late president of the taited States. Although young in years at the time— being but twenty-seven jHSxa old — the result proved that the command could not have devolved on one more able to fulfill the duties of this responsible station. A short lime after Capt. Taylor was appointed to this command, the fort was attacked by a larpie party of Indiana. The attack was made at night, and before the alarmed garrison could recover from the consternation into which they were thrown, the Indians ducceeded in setting fire to the block-house containing the stores of the post. Capt. Taylor had just recovered from a severe illness, and more than half hia men were disabled from sickness, there being but fi/lfen men able to do duty. In this critical juncture, the military talents ot the future hero ahoiio fn-th in a manner which has never since been rivaled. Cool and collected, he stood in the midst of confusion of the most appalling kind, and, by his voice and manner, inspired hope and courage in the breasts of his little band, who rallied under their intrepid leader; and, by the dawn of morn, succeeded in driving the boat of savages from their murderous work. The Indians lost many of their bravest warriors in this content, while the garrison lost but two men. For this gallant affair, Capt. Taylor was promoted to the rank of major ; and what ia more, h? gained • place in the hearts and confidence of his countrymen, which he never lost, and never can lose, so long as men hold gratitude to be a virtue. Vineeiinea, county seat of Knox county, Indiana, is situated on the Wabash river, ninety-seven miles below Terre Haute. This place derives • lireat Interest In the history of the West, from the fact of Ks being one of the first settlements formed in the valley of the Mississippi. It was first occn- pied by the French settlers, as a military post, in 1 735, and was calle'*'^'."^^i''r:iw?&:^'^'^!'*''^^i-"'^-^-^'5«-''.^ — ■' "' ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. 152 U mostly Uoman Catholic. Th. bishop of the .tato of Inaiana UkM hii till. 'Tcr?wllfheld..nl809.acolcbrat«l Indian council at thU pl«». The Indian*, under the command of the renowncM chief Tkc«M8«u, a^-embUd l,y lu'uat u of Oovernor H»rri,oo. to obtain Bati.faction for he ...ppo-e ;„hu,ents of the whites. The council a,.cmbled under the .hade of Io,n,- tr.., in front of the ^vernor'« houHc, Tecumseh and his warnor. XlnK to accept of the seata ofTnre,! then., snyin« that tb. ""»»"";"' fethr and the earth their mother, and they would recline o„ her b^m. Duru, the conference, something that Oovernor Ilarrl«>n »"' -"""''f;'" haughty chief. Tec„„..eh, who rose to hi, feet, and «,undcd th» war cr^ King together about four hundred of hi- dusky warrior,, 'h» were n th, vrcini y The whites were few and unarmed, and would doubtleM al h.« Ln murdered, had it not been for the cool and determined bravery of Oo • ^^or Harrison which so overawed the Indians, that they ■l«'«"y Z";'-";'^ Yincennes contains a flno cathedral, » large, commodious city ha^..couru house, jail, and county offices, Pn-shyterian, Kpiseopalian, Methodist, ChrUti. i and African churches, St. Oa»riel Coueo«, a theological semmary, a fin, „arket.hou8c, 2 newspaper printing offlccs, several manufactories, a larg, number of stones, and a population of 2,500. Steamboats ply regularly, in time, of high water, on the river. Vmcennes will l«come quite a r.llro«l center In a short Urn.. The Oto A Mi„issii,pi, connecting Cincinnati with St. Ix.uis, and Kvanavllle 4 \.a- ™:ntctingwithU^^^ Tach o^hcr here, thus opening through this city an outlet north, south, ^i, and west, for the products of the fertile valley of the Wabash. Wew IlarmonT, a town of alK,ut 1000 inhabitants, Is situated on ths Wab,..h river, fifty n.iles from Its n.outh, in Posey county, Indiana It wa, first settled 1 y a Oerraan colony, under the renowned < ^K;- ""PP. f J" ing the location very unhealthy, they sold out to the celebrated Robert Dal. Owon, and returned to Pennsylvania. Ralcich, six miles below the mouth of the Wabash, in Un^county. Kentucky, is a small village containing only a few houses . .,,. , «ihawnectOWn, county seat of Gallatin county, Illinois, It is liable to inundatiouB Irom the nver ; -^'^^^^^ r^etaj^,. prowth very materially. It is. nowevir. a f'"'° , , , Cincss and is the largest town In southern Illinois. It wash rt SniaTl, and now contains a court-house and the reqnMe county buildings, ."J churches a fine ba"ki"g house, » ^tn^ oto, a large numbcr^f stores, and » P^P"'?^'^ »' 2'°°^„ JiV«eat •ion of the bank of Shawneetown m 1843, produced a great excite: know I Sl;.| St. Lo Vss roll lit dozen from Anvit III wii H IjlllO is pel plucec Bi same ex ten taiice forlK' €» in 111 rciidi WCHI liiw I mill 1 to all C0I1& tlii'ii rob tlieir tlie { offer tlicl of 1 "ho in c< him, how He' dula dcpi it w we< (( the » RIVER. gtato of Indiana UkM hi* title n council at Ihli place. Tlie cliiof Tkcumskh, ansombleU liy Batlsfaction for the lupixMea iscfmblfd under the frbiulo of f, TecumBch and his warriuu inyinB tliat the aun wa« their y would recline on her bo«ora. nor llarriTOn »ald, offended the eet, and rounded the war cry, lusky warriors, who wore in th« , and would doubtlew all ha»e ind determined bravery of Oov- n», that they quietly dispersed. f!B, commodious city hall, court, piacopallan, Methodist, Christi. i :, a theological seminary, a Aim several manufucturies, a large gh water, on the river. Dter In a short time. The Ohio It. liOUis, and Kvansvllle i Vin- I'inconnes rond to Chicago, crosj city an outlet north, south, oaet, oy of the Wabash. 10 inhabitants. Is situated on ths Posey county, Indiana. It was renowned (leorRe Kapp. Deem- )ut to the celebrated Robert Dais mouth of the Wabash, in illage containing only a few of Gallatin county, Illinois, on a low bank of the Ohio, vor ; which has retarded its jver, a place of considerable outhern Illinois. It was luid )urt-liouse and the reqnisits banking house, a land office, ilation of 2,000. The explo- iu 1843, produced a great excitement in the West, and the name of Slmwneelown becama known tlirought.ut llie ieinjth and br.Midlh of tlie land. Siu(r.-s Um\- ri'diilarly for Spriiigtiuld, Vincounos, Indiana, and St. liOuis, Missouri. raHcyvlllC, ten miles below Shiiwnectown, In Union rouiitv, Kentucky, is a »'»»" villugo containing a school, half a do7..'n stores, and a popululion of about '.250. About three inilci from Cnsevvllle, m:iy be seen a nalitral curiosity, termed tlie Anvii Kock. It is a large rock about tifty feet high, twenty feet ill wiiltli, and two feet thick, and bears a striking resemblance to a bluoksinith's anvil. It stands erect, on a plat of ground which is perfectly level, and not at all rocky. Hy what meaug It was placed thoie, is likely forever to remain a mystery. Buttery Bock, twelve miles below Shawneetown, in the same county, is a liigblv picturesque and rugged looking rock, extending for several miles along tlio river. Viewed from a dis- tance, it has the appearance of an impregnable battery or fortliicution. CaVC-ln-RocIi, situated twelve miles below Battery Rock, in lliirdin county, is a place long celebrated as having been tho rniid.zvous of bunds of outlaws, in the early settlement of tho West. One of these bands, under tho command of a famous oui- liiw by the name of iMason, continued their depredations so long, niid were so successful in tlieir expeditions, as to become a terror to all wlio navigated the river in those times. They would lie in coiicialment until a trading boat would make its appearance, and tlieu darting out in their light boats, would fall upon the crew- rob them of tlieir hard earnings, and murder them to conceal tlicir crimes. These depredations at last became so alarming, that the governor of the Mississippi territory issued his proclamation, offering a reward of five liuudrcd dollars for tho licad of Mason, the leader of the bund. This reward, one of his band by the name of Harpe, wlio wus too covetous to recollect that there ia " honor among thieves," determined to secure for himself. Being in company with Mason one day in a solitary place, Harpe shot him, cut otf his head and carried it to the governor. His reward, liowever, was of quite a diftereut kind from that he anticipated. He was recoguized as belonging to tho band, and was withoiit delay, tried, condemned, and executeil on the gallows. This deprived the West of two of the most daring outlaws with which it was ever troubled. The following description of the cave we copy from the notes of a visitor : "Perhaps one of the most beautiful panoramic views which the traveler meets in our extensive country, is afforded by tho .:is,-' ■• "^ ' ^ -T't'^j.^ ^y-i ■ i'rtl'«*r-,"'-??tV-1t:;*?' 154 ROUTS OF THE OHIO RIVER. bold, rocky bh.ffx.wlth the (ntcrvculng vrIIcvb, which meet th« eve « oim .h.«-.Mi, H ih,- str.mm. C.MlafH covtr ih.- higl. woodlan.l. XvelZ below tl.. eve, und oivilizHllon, wh ch h»n exlende, ?U Imnd oveV Ihc Hurroumih.g country, hu8 left this roman Ic xpo u^Uouched The entr>...cr to Iho c«vo U nearly Henilcircular, and when he river Is luKh it i« on a leve^w th the water. Tho pa Ze. which iH twenty feet high. affordH "d""»'°» '»'» " ^Daciou« »q»«re apartn^n., whose di.nenH.ons may be fa rly «Uted Tal out one hnn.lred and twenty-fivo feet. Above this roon. i» a iKnitoent cl unU-r. whose natural linu-stone format.on. ^really re^mW" l''« '="""•8'' "^ " ^"'''"= '^""'f '"'' u h.Z fr«nce^o this beautiful room is by a chin.ney. so lo "Peak, in ho roo of tl'e first. An opening at one end of the cave leads into Ideepvaul extending' far if.lo the heart of the rock, and the travefer may amuse himself by counting the many seconds which ebjse K«" "'« '""° when a stone is cast into the ubyBS and the return of its reverberations. Ellzatoethtown, county scat of Hardin county, IlHnoi., IS ^tuaT^sU miles below Cave-in- Kock, at the ool of Hurr.cane IslaX It is " sn.all village of no commercial unportance a ™ t : but being »ituated in the vicinity of an .ron reBion, it may o»e day becoL a maiu.facturing place of some note. Fop- ulation, about 150. GolCOItda, situated twenty-five miles below Elizabethtown, i. the county seat of I'ope county, Illinois. It is hnely located, and has some trade. It contains a brick court-house, about « dozen stores, and a population of 250. CumbcrlaiMt River, rises in the Cumberland moun- tains, and flows first in a south-westerly course, then north-west, and. receiving numerous tributaries in its course, empties into the Ohio, fifteen miles below Golconda, in Livingston county, Kentucky It is the second largest tributary of tlie Ohio, is six hundred miles in length, and drains a territory comprising up- ward of 18,000 square miles. It is navigable for about six mon hs in the year for the largest class steamboats as far as Nashvil e, which i. two hundred and three miles from ite mouth; and for flatboats and all kinds of small craft, three hundred inile. further. This river passes through a country of remarkable fer ihty, though as yet but thinly inhabited. The natural advanUgw, however, are such as to insure a speedy settlement, and we may expect, before many years, in passing up the Cumberland, to »• iU banks lined with populous and enterprising towns and clU*». ton c thrt* dlHta the r in w of iU Inrrc UtlM buili bouH Kmi deno Culli dent 12,0 thx mt'E InU B estfi and InU bui ^ tOV fur th( ph kn cH is It at K RIVER. iig vbIIcvs, whicli meet the •» covtr llii' liigli wooillanili salloii, which hud exlentled , hu8 loll lUU roinnnllc spot I In neurly geiiilcircular, uiid evil witli tho wilier. The , ufforcJs udinissloii into n eii8ioii8 may be fuirly sUled I) feul. Aliovo this room in urul liriu-Htoiie formutiont jolliic culliodrul. Tho on- ihhmiey. so lo speak, in iho J end of tlio cuve leuds liilo heart of the rock, and the ing the many seconds wliicli a is cast into the ubyss and of Hardin county, lUlnolt, ock, at the fool of Hurricane 1 commercial importance at icinily of an iron region, it ig place of some note. Fop- i miles below ElizabethtowDi llinois. it is finely located, brick court-house, about a 9. in the Cumberland moun- erly course, then north-west, I in its course, empties into »nda, in Livingston county, tributary of the Ohio, is six i a territory comprising up- avigable for about six months ^amboats as far as Nashville, lies from its mouth; and for , three hundred miles further, itry of remarkable fertility, id. The natural advantages, ecdy settlement, and we may ng up the Cumberland, to «• interprising towns and cltle». ROCTR OF THE OHIO RIVBB. 165 Note. NMhvllIc, r»plt*l of tlie .tatfl of Tonn..M^•^ »nd watof Jii»tl« for Dsrld- «,n county, i. pl...^.antly »ltUftU.I on th.> Cumterla..,! rlv«r, two l..in>ln^ and thrt« miU. from It, mouth. Th« dty -tanJ, on a .oli.l ro.k el«v»l« to tl.. dWtanc. of f«..n fifty lo on., hundred and .erenty-flv. f.H!t «lK.»n th« leve of the rl».-rt Tho ln.Htion 1. dt-llKhtful, and i, .-oD^ld.r.Kl very healthy. It is in conwquence o.uoh fn-iuonUid by .outhorn p.>opl« during tli« .ultry heat of iummer. The «,ram»rc« of Na.h»me i, very exteu.l.o, and 1. rapidly Increanlnn. The principal article of commerce is cotton, of which largo quan- titlM are ihipp.^.! to the MUthern market^.. There are acme fine public building, and ln»titutlonii of note in Na»hTille, among which are the oUte- hou«., penitentiary, hospital for lunatics, the Na.hTllle Unlvemity, a female wminary, wveral schools, a large number of churches for the varioui denominallon.. of Haptlst, Methodist, Presbyterian, Episcopal, CanipbelllU>, Catliollo, African, 4c. The University was founded In 1806, and has a presl- dent and six professors, and is extensively patronlied. The library contains U,m volumes. Expresldent James K. Polk was a resident of Nashville at th.- lime of his death. Ilia friends have erectol a mat mausoleum lo bll m.mory In the court-yard of his late residence, which U quit, an object of interest to strangers, from iU Iwauty and slinpliolty. Besides the buildings mentioned, Niuhvllle contains several manufucturlng e.labll»hmenU, a large numU'r of wholesale anC lllvrr, the UrgrBl trllmUry of the Ohio, ami o„e of"" l«^.sl ".TH .:.Hl of the .MU.sU«i,,i. l. fonned by I >. uZ of tl .< Clin-'h U...1 Hol-to>. riv.TH. wl.icl. rU-, I., tho All,.- u u V .10 nt,.i.H. ..».! ....itc .ibout forlyfivo .ni -h Bouth-w,.,l u:;"rS U S no\t Tp-irt of the Htato of Alaha.na, «nd th.a truverslnt me or , northerly dlrccliox through the :S' ?T-nu "e «!rK«!uuck,. and h^.ally omptle. Into th. Ohio twelve mlloB below the mouth of tho Cumbcrlat.d. a .d about fry from tho n.outh of tho Ohio. The totjd length of tl, I fin „ Vhn head waters of the Clinch nud HolHton, U about ;'o»0 'm . beirg lo7ger than the Ohio fron, Pit.Bbnrgh to t a mon^h Tl e obHt?uctlon«to navigation are few and -oM,-M be remedi. d. The lirHt obstruction is the MuHcle .hoaU 8t Ho - lie A la ha ma, about two hundred and elxty mile* from th moulh Up"o this point, the largest class stean.boaU can ascend Ta most aiiy season of tho year. Above these shoals the uavig. Uon I. euti e% unobstructed for the distance of two hundred aad fiftv mUes which is as far as would be of any practical use. as lh« co7n^V here h, wild and .uountainous, but UHlo cu l.vated. and ?hU V fuhabited. There 1ms been u canal con.-lructed around lh» Musc^ Xoa Is. which, if tinlshed as designed to be will obv a^ JhH fficuUies of navigation at this point. Tho banks of t lu. river areas yet but thinly inhabited, and the tow.is are ike tie ^UUs of cel^estial beings! exceedingly '', f- "f^^ '!,;,^"; ;7:„ Civilization, however, is advancing with '''P'V Tli^;, "',, tl.i! lone the barren wastes and howling wilderness, bor.lering o m nobVriver, will disappear before the smiling verdure of cu tua- Ton, and the busy hSmof industrious uud euterpris.ng citizens. Notes. Florence, county scat of Lauderdale county, Alal.a.na. ia .ituatad ou tho Tenne,*™ river, two l.andred and »ixty mile, from tU. mouth, and.U. heaa of steamboat navigation. It U the mo,t importuul place "» l'" ""^ und, from lt» situation, 1, destined to become a pla.. «f -^""'"l"""" '"'" " tan e. It conUln» a l.an,l.ome courthouse, Bercral church^., a fine hotel, ; Tumber of -tores of various kind,, and a population of about 2,500. Tuscumbla. 8ltuaU-d on the TennesBee river, a little below Florence, In the same county, !, a thriviug and important town. It contain, two cr thr« ehurche,, ,everal stores and a population of about 2.000 Theretaar. road extending from Tuseumbla to D.«^atur. a small town ..tuated tJurty-«i ^, 2" e, at the head of Muscle .hoal,. At Tuscumbla there Is « v« «u»arLble Spring, wUioU flows from . fl3sur. In . limestone rock. ^ whicU P Is si with nuiii nipi UilVi imp hoti I con and I spoi pl:il sevi but tiiii J siti tin: of (IIO RIVER. ROUTE OF THE OHIO KIVEB. IWI It trllmtBry of the Ohio, ami MiaHidHii;i>i, It foniiPil by ll"' v.TH, wliieli rU.) Ill llio All..- fi)rty-livi! niil'-H boiuIi-w(»1 1 tuki'H a HOUtli-weHt course, Htuto of Alubuina, and ihtn rtherly illrocllon through the und fiimlly cmptle» Into the ith of the Ciinilx^rlttiid, nui ihlo. The total length of tliis Clinch null Holnton, li about Ohio from Pittsburgh to the itlon nri' few, and conid PiinHy lt« till) Mu8clo shoals at Flor- id und sixty miles from the St class steuMibouts oun MCeiid \bovo these ghouls the uaviga- J distance of two hundred auil bo of any practical use, as the lous, but UHlu cultivated, and i canal con.lructed around tbo a designed to bo, will obviaUi lis point. The banks of this d, and the towns are like the igly "few and far between." ig with rapid strides, und ere 5 wildeme.ss, bordering on thij ho smiling verdure of cultiva- lous uud euterprising citizens. lie county, Alnl.iiina, ia sltuatod ou xty nilliis from tlic uicjutli, and at the i> mo.1t important place on tl»o river, «comc a place of consiaeiablo Impur- 10U80, Bcvoral churches, a fine hotel, jd a population of aliout 2,500. CBBco river, a little U'low Florence, in irtanttown. It contains two cr thrw itlon of about 2,000. There is a rail. jtur, s small town situated thirty-bii joals. At Tuscumbia there Is a '"? assure In • limestone rock, nnd which i .,i,i to ,li-charKe-o,flOO cubic f..«l of water per minute. Tu-euinbla 1. ou „„. line of railroad connection from Memphis, Teunessee, to the thaltanoo- ^-li riiilruad. Padlicall, county seat of McCrackcn county, Kentucky, U si"ated ou the west bank of the Tenne>«ee at its junctlou with the Ohio It wu. laid out in the year 8vJ7, and received Ita me in honor of tlvo celebrated Indian chief, Padueah. It is no llv growing Into a large aiul extensive trade, and, trom ts X'n ageous uosition. will bocon.e u town of great comn.ercial ;:,, .onance. It now contains 4 churches, a cour .house, a liuo hotel, a largo number of stores, and a population of J,UU(). HrlsradO. situated eight miles below Padueah, in iSlassac eou.itvi Illinois, is a small village of no particular Importuuce, a,„l containing only a few houses. Population, 4U. Fort Massac, two miles below, in the same county. Is the spot which tho troops occup.e.l, who were sent to intercept the „|;„H of tho celebrated Aahon UurR. The fort was burned down Heveral years ago, and nothing is to be seeji now to mark the spot. but a barrou plut of ground, covered with rubbish and blackened tiiiibers. ITICII'OnoliS, county seat of Massac county, Illinois, la situated one mile below the site of Fort Massac. It has been l;,id out recently; and having a very eligible location, ii.uy, in lime, become an importuut place. It now contains a population of uliout 150. Ililianian, situated eight miloB below Metropolis, In the s;iine county, h u small village, containing only about 10(1 inliub- it^mta. It lies on a low plat of ground liable to inundation, and consequently makes but slow progress. Wllklnsonville, lies nine miles below IliUnmnn, In Alrxundi r county, Illinois. It is a small village, named in honor of General Wilkinson, and containing about 100 inhabitauts. Caledonia, ten miles below Wilkinsonville, in the samo county is a, small village. America, three miles below Caledonia, In the same county, is a small und unimportant village. Trinity, situated six miles below America, also in Alexander county, Illinois, Is a landing point for steamers, and contains only two or three houses. This i)lnco is located at the mouth of Cache river, a small and unimportant stream, which rises In Union county, and enters the Ohio about sU miles from Its mouth. 158 ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. The Missouri Biver, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and takes iU name after the union of three branches, the Jefferson, GuUiitin, and Muilison. The springs which give nse to he Missour river, are not more than a mile dista. . from some of th. head waters of the Columbia river, which ru. , in a contrary direction, into tlie Pacific ocean. It he distance of four hundred and forty-one mile, from he extreme point of the navigation of the head branches of th» r4Lsrri,'^are what are denominated the "Gates of the Rocky Mountains," which present an exceedingly grand and picturesque appearance For the distance of about six miles the rocks r«e pS peudicularly from the margin of the "^en'o 'lie high o twelve liundred feet. Tlie river is compressed to the breadth of one hundred aud fifty yards, and for the first three miles there i, o ly one spot, and that only of a few yards, on which a man couKnd^etween the water and the perpendicular ascent of h, mountain. At the distance of 1 10 miles below this, and 551 ni. e, ftom the Bource of the river, are the "Great Falls," 2,575 mi « from the egress of the river into the Mississippi. At this place the river descends, by a succession of rapids and falls, a distance of 357 feet in sixteen miles and r, half. The lower and greate ?all has a perpendicular pitch of eighty-seven feet, the second of nineteen" tile third of t'ortyseven, and the fourth of twenty six eet. Between and below these falls are continual rapids o foin three to eighteen feet descent. These falls, nex to those of Niagara, are the grandest on the continent. Above the falls, the course of the river is northwardly. . , . ,.- .„„,.ik The Yellowstone riv.r, eight hundred yards wide at "• m»«"b, and probably the largest tributary of the Mi.ssouri. enters it on the south-west side. l,2l(< miles from its navigable source, and l,m S fTom the junction with the Mississippi^ The Yei ows one, Tl he place of junction, is as large as the Missouri. falea.nboaUi ^cend to this piint, and could go much farther by either branch. The ength l( the Missouri riter.from its source to Us entrance into the Mississippi, is 3,096 miles,which will, f •« "dd.tion of 1.J53 miles, the distance from the mouth to the Gulf of Mexico, makes a otal length of 4,449 miles, being the longest r ver n the wo 1 . Through its whole course, tliere is no substantial obstr.c ion t the nav gation. before arriving at the Great Fals Its principul tributaries are each navigable from one o eight hundred miles. The soil immediately on the bank, of this river is very fertile. IS80URI RIVKR. EOCTK OF THE MISSOURI RIVKR. 169 [SSOHBI RIVER. IS in the Rocky Mountains, and tliree bruncheB, the Jefferson, •ings which give rise to the a mile dista. > from some of the er, which ru. , in a contrary I and forty-one miles from the of the liead branches of the ited the " Gates of the Rocky ieedingly grand and picturesque about six miles, the roclts ruie I of tlie river, to tlie bight of is compressed to the breadth of for the first three miles, there is a few yards, on which a man d the perpendicular ascent of the [) miles below this, and 551 miles J the " Great Falls," 2,575 miles the Mississippi. At this place n of rapids and falls, a distance r. Iialf. The lower and greater )f eighty-seven feet, the second ivon, and the fourth of twenty ese fulls are continual rapids of nt. Tliese falls, next to those of continent. Above the falls, the y, lundred yards wide at its month, y of tlie Missouri, enters it on the II its navigable source, and 1,^80 B Mississippi. The Yellowstone, rge as the Missouri. SteauiboatJ o much further by either branch, rer.from its source to its entrance s,which with the addition of 1,353 ith to the Gulf of Mexico, malies ng the loRgest river in tlie world. 5 is no substantial obstriiction to at the Great Falls. lU principal from one to eight hundred miles, tanks of this river is very fertile, but extending but a short distance in the interior. Here the cyo ivsls on vast and bmuidless prairies, stretcliiiig out like a mighty ocVuii Throngh the greater part of its course, the Missouri is a rmid and turbia strenin, and in the upper part of its course, flows t'lroiigh an arid and sterile country. It is over half a mile wide at its mouth, and irf generally nearly a mile in width. Notwith- staiiding it drains such an extensive region of country, and receives so many large tributaries, it is at certain seasons of the year quite shallow, not affording sufficient water for steamboat navigation, owing to its passage tlirough a dry and open country. and being subject to more than usual evaporation. The Missouri river trade has become a very important one, and tho annual business between St. Louis and the towns on the river, and with Santa Fo, through Independence, is increasing with an amazing rapidity. ,„,.,.,. ., , The Missouri river enters tho Mississippi, eighteen miles above St Louis, by a mouth much wider than the upper Mississippi. It is the opinion of many geographers, that the Missouri river is the inaia river, and should be considered as one river from its head to the Gulf of Mexico. The reasons in support of this opinion are, that below the mouth of the Missouri the Mississippi has tho same turbulent appearance as the Missouri ; while the upper Mississippi is remarkable for its clearness and transparency. There are some peculiarities of tho Missouri river, which it is hieldy important for emigrants, who design settling on its banks, to be made acquainted with. The river has no permanent and Bcttlod channel, and it is on this account that steamboats are gen- erally compelled to lay up in the night, it not being considered sale to run unless with the light of day to guide them. Many iiersons who have purchased farms on tho banks of this river, not iiii.ierstanding the nature of the current, have lost acre after acre bv the wabhiug away of the soil, and in many instances have bu.ii completely ruined. Not only have farms suffered in this way, but whole towns have been laid waste, and swept off with the resistless current of this mighty river, compelling the inhahit- auU to seek other, and more permanent places of abode. Hnm the source of the Missouri ud tribuUries to t>)unoU blulft, the lamls aloug the ri»«r ue almost entirely void of human habitoUons. Thero Ui' Bomo UnitaJ Stuton' military posts •.long tho banke of the riTer, among which are Fort McKenzle, Fort OWon, Fort Mandan, Fort Clarke, Fort St. I'icrro, and a lew others. Council Bluffs, on the west bank of the Missouri, in tho Indian territory, is a high bluff bank, on which a celebrated ludian council was held. It is a place of considerable notoriety, 11 BOirrB OF THE MISSOURI RIVKR. 160 on account of iU being about as far as steainboaU ever ascend the river. Council Point, situated opposite, in Iowa, is sometimes miscalled Council Bluff. It is the landing point for a Mormon "wu named Kanksville, situated about four miles in the interior. Note. KanesvlUe, PottawBtomle county, Iowa, wm settled about four yean ^ by the Latter Day Saints, or Mormons. It Is not the intention of th. Inhabitants to remain here; but merely choose it as a resUng place, on their Jonrney to the Great Salt Lakh. Kanesville contains a Ubemacle for tell- Blous worship, ten stores doing a large and profitable business, and a popula- tion of about 2,000. The population, howeyer, is very fluctuating, great numbers leaving every epring for the valley of the Great Salt Lake, and a. many arriving during the fall and winter. The business of this place i. tamen«,, it being the la.t pla«, on the route to Oregon and Cal.fornia where supplies can be obtained. Many of the omigranU get their entire outfit at thii place. KanesvlUe received its name in honor of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, of Philadelphia, who was a distinguished officer in the Mormon battalion, in the Mexican war. I Traders' Point, four miles below Council Point, in the same county, is a small French settlement, established to facilitate trade between the various Indian traders. It contains about 100 1 inhabitants. Bcllcvnc, twenty-one miles below Traders' Point, on the west bank of the river, in the Indian territory, is an Indian mis- Bionarv station. It is also the residence of the agent employed bv the United Slates to attend to the government business with the tribes inhabiting this territory. It has a good lauding for boats, and may some time become an important place. Platte River, rises in the Rocky mountains, by two branches, termed tiie North and South Forks. Alter an easterly course of nearly 2,000 miles, it empties into the Missouri fifteen miles below Bellevue. It is about a mile wide at the mouth; but is, as its name indicates, exceedinftly shallow, and is not navi- gable, except ill times of the great spriug fresliets. Iowa Point, one hundred and thirty-five miles below ihe month of Platte river, Holt county, Missouri, is the landing point for the town of Oregon, county seat of Holt county, situated t^i miles in the interior. Oregon contains a population of about jUU. Nodeway City, thirty miles below Iowa Point, in Andrew county, Missouri, is a small village containing a few stores, and iinj for cor chi DRI RIVER. B8 Steamboats ever ascend site, in Iowa, is sometimes nding point for a Mormon It four miles in the interior. •a, WM settled about four yean . It Is not tho intention of the Me it as a resting place, on their lie contains a tabernacle for reli- )rofitable business, and a popula- eyer, Is Tory fluctuating, great ly of the Qreat Salt Lake, and as . The business of this place ii e to Oregon and California where grants get their entire outfit at lonor of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, Beer in the Mormon battalion, la below Council Point, in the ment, established to facilitate lers. It contains about 100 Kjlow Traders' Point, on the I territory, is an Indian mis- ence of tlie agent omployed government business with ft lias a good lauding for n important place. Rocky mountains, by two til Forks. After an easterly ptios into the Missouri fifteen mile wide at the mouth; but ;ly shallow, and Is not uavi- ipriug fresliets. id thirty-five miles below ihe Missouri, is the landing point t of Holt county, situated tiM\ ,in9 a population of about 500. below Iowa Point, in Andrew 1 coutaiuing a few stores, and ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 161 \ , onn i,.hnl.itinf) It is tho landing point for Savannah, a t:^^'j>S1tZ,uli situated a tJ .Lies oiV the river. It is Uie county seal of Andrew county. «it Joscnil, twentv-tivo miles below Nodewrty City, in Buchanan COU.V, Missouri, is a thriving and important town. It wrseUkd oni; about seven years since, and named in honor of T\Ir Joseph Knbidoux,an old gentleman, who has resided at ?1 i ooiut for about forty years. He bid out the town hmiself, IZ Sled all of the streets after his children, of wii.ch lie had a ampT quantity to have supplied the streets of several towns « th nanieT St.^ Joseph is now growing with amazing rapidjty, Tud it is confidently predicted, that in a very few years, it will be ?he second town in he state in point of wealth and commerc.,U mportance. There has been a telegraph lino established between this town and St. Louis, and there is under contract n rail- w ■ to Hannibal, on the Mississippi, which will no doubt soon ba completed. St. Joseph now contains 7 churches, viz : 1 Bap- titr Presbyterian. 2 Methodist, 1 Campbellite, or D'»c'ple».l Catholic, and 1 Latter Day Saints or Mormons. There a e also V stea . flour mills, 2 steam saw mills, and 1 saw mill running by wuterpower, a large number of stores, and a population of about ^' There are many emigrants constantly passing through this place to seek TheTong lost^El Dorado of the world. The pnnc.pa routes to California and Oregon however, commence at Fort LeavenworTh, Independence, a'nd the mouth of Kansas river. Stages leave regularly for Liberty and other points. Westoa, about fifty-five miles below St. Joseph, i" Pl»"e countr MUsouri, is a 'fine flourishing place, and is rapidly hnprov ng Maiiy of the emigrants make tins a s opp.ng place, for lay nl in supplies, previous to starting out on the plains. It oaufns^l MetKSdist,'! Baptist, 1 Presbyterian and I Catholic church, a large number of stores and a population of 2,01)1). Uttle Platte Biver Landiut;. ti"ee miles below Weiton, is the landing point for Platte City, situated ■» "hort d.s- tance up the Little Platte river. It is the^couuty seat of Platte county, and contains about 300 inhabitants. Fort £«aVCnworth, four miles below Platte River La„"ng. Situated on a high bluff of the Missouri in the Ind an territorv. Tlie situation is remarkably hne, the bluff being about 1^ feet in hlght. and composed F'nc'l>;'"y »] ^h'te lima- stone. There is an excellent landing or boats . md ma.,y other superior advantages, which warrant the belief ^at there will, some day, be at this place a large and flourishing town. There 16'2 ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVE 1. X is uHually a 8m..ll garrison stationed here, and it h thorendezvou, for all Unit€rl Stales' troops destined for banta Fe, Oregoii, and the frontier stations. One of the piincipul routes to Cuhfonna commences at this place. _ , Little Plaitte liivrr rises in Clarko county, lown, and pursuinu an aln.ost direct southward course for 8 distance of Sbout two hun.ired tniles.e.npHes into the Missour. two"ty>n.le. below Fort Leavenworth. This river is exceedingly shallow, and difficult to navigate. . , , ., .u „<• pi„,,. Purkville, situated one mile below the mouth of Platte river, in Platte county, Missouri, is a fine flourishing htte village. It wa "named in honor of one of the «'Y'y ««"'«"• °V^'?^I^^ by the name of Park. It now contains 3 churches, about a dozen stores, and a population of 2(i0. , ^ .. . ■ t ■tVuiSaS BiV«r.-This is one of the largest tributaries of the Missouri. It rises in the Rocky Mountains, and runs east- ward through the entire breadth of the Indian territory, and rmpUeshUo the Missouri, ten miles below ParlcviUe. Its eiU.re Wth is about twelve hun.ired miles, for nine hundred of which it might be navigated. It is three hundred and forty yards wide at"he mouth, and discharges an i.nmense amount of water; many of its tributaries being nearly as large as itself. Kansas Kivei- Lauding is a landing P"'"*^"' ^yan DorrF. City, situated a short distance in the interior. It is also one of thepHncipal starting points fo\«"' S""'* f '"B;°i*^lSeT Kansas, situated near the mouth of Kansas river, ii JacK B„S! Mi-uri,is a P'e-«ntly-lucated towi^ standing ... a hiirh bank of the river, and commanding a view ot tne sur ?ouSi'ng coulllry for ma'ny miles. It is thought by m.uy t possess the finest situation of any town on the"^«r. The hurt ness is very extensive, there being an almost constant stream ot Travc to thUcoun.ry whose barren rocks are sources of weal h lncatcu°able, and who;e rivers flow through sands gllttenug with ^"Kansas contains 3 churches, a large number of rtore., and •''Kandofptf ve mi.es below, in Clay county. MU»o«ri. i. a hai""m. liUle'viUage, finely sit,;.ated on " --"-^^^^^^^^ nenoe. It contains one or two churches, several stores, anu ""Cayae Cu"y, seven miles below Randolph, is the princl- Dal laudine point for goods and merchandise destined for Inde- J 'ndete?andU connected with it by the In^^P-^«J-''f^l The iNDBPKNDENCE RaILROAD DePOT IS "»l«»"' J"*. ""'° ,u°„. Wayne City There is generally quite aa air of buMuew about thisi way and 1 temp ll situa impc arou The with dwel tfcis, apo this coal by c wag St. i tion thro cial I ..Of Ore the hid the the Pac nov afe cui tim one ] CO. mil I It I »p< aii( Vll lOCRI RIVE !. nOUTE OF THE OHIO BIVKR. 163 lere, and it h the rendezvous I for Santa Fe, Oregon, and liiicipul routes to Culifoniia in Clarito county, lown, and ird course for a distance of Xo the Missouri twenty miles sr Is exceedingly shallow, and I below the mouth of Platte I fine flourishing little village. n early settlers of this region, lins 3 churches, about a doien e of the largest tributaries of y Mountains, and runs east- of the Indian territory, and 9 below Parkville. Its entire es, for nine hundred of which hundred and forty yards wide neuse amount of water; maay rge as itself. f is a landing point for Wtak- ce in the interior. It is also for emigrants going to Oregon. )uth of Kansas river, in Jack- tly-located town, standing on mmanding a view of the sur- 8. It is thought by many to town on the river. The busi- • an almost constant stream of en rocks are sources of wealth / through sands glittering with large number of stores, and V, in Clay county. Missouri, ii ti'.ated on a commanding emi- churches, several stores, end a below Randolph, is the princi- merclmndiso destined for lud»- it by the Independence railroad. Depot is about one mile ftrom IT quite an air of busiuew about this plac.., from constant arrival of goods and emigrants on thetr vly'^^o Independence. The road is four .niU-s ong, and horses and mules are used to draw the cars. There is, however, lu con- leinnliiliDn, A new track, and a locomotive engine. llldCDCndrncc, county-seat of Jackson county, Missouri, situated about 4 miles back of ^Hyne City, is a place of groat importance, and growing with amazing rapidity. The country Ziud is exceedinglv fertile, and well adapted to cul ivatioi . The business done heVe is immense. The town is wel laid out with wide and convenient streets, and good, substantial brick dwellings. It contains a court-house and county buddings. J ho- tels, 7 churches, a large number of wholesale and retail stores, and a population of 2,.'i00^ There is a large trade <:^".odi,n between this place and Santa Fe. The goods are transported "cro« the country in v/agons, built very large and strong, and usually drawn by oxen. from%ixteen to twenty of which are attached to each waeon It is the western terminus of the Pacific Railroad from St. Louis, now under contract, and opening a direct communica- tion to the eastern cities, via the Ohio tf Mississippi Railway, throngh Cincinnati, which will, no doubt, increaae the commer- cial prosperity of the place very much. ^,„.„i,„„ I ndepeudence derives its importance .fom being the point where .OBt of the emigrants going tlie overland route to California and Oregon, get their last supplies, and, also, as being the point where the principal routes to these places commence. This gives to Independence an air of business possessed by no other town on the frontier; and when the uninterrupted line of railway from the East shall pour in its thousands of emigrants, bound for the Pacific coast and intermediate points, the rapid improvements now going on at this place will no doubt greatly increase, and In a few yeara we may expect to see a large and flourishing city oc- cupying the site of this town. Stages leave Independence throe times a week for Booneville, Jefferson City, and St Louis; and once a month for Santa Fe. . , , ,,, nit., ri.» Liberty Landing, five miles below Wayne City, U«y county, Missouri, is a landing point for the town of Liberty, four miles from the river. I^ikertr, county«atof Clay county, Misaourl, 1» a fine, flourishing town. It contains a courtrhouec and county otBces, 5 churches, about 30 .tore., and a population of 1,600. Stage. Icare daily tor St Louis and fort Leavenworth; and three times a week for St Jowph. Livingston, five miles below Liberty Landing, Is a small village, formerly a landing place for Independence. ROUTB OF THK MISSOtRI BIVEE. 164 foruuT ti.nes. u Uu.dinK P '''';;^„f°i;, ' , lo e! u.ul it is left now noiglibor Livi..g«lo.., iw "'^^ I"' '""i, ;\^°ner groatn.'SF. Tl.cre Lexington, county seat of ^"fl'f "« =° "'y^^ having ,ix .Miles below Wellington. It » '', ";^: ' ^^^'b^ing about 30U Z Mgl.esl "ooation o(^„y to- on or .er. be. ^g^^^^ ^_^^ . ^ feet above bigli w.itcr >»''^''- ., ,7_"' „ri.house, jail and cou..ty the year \S:S; a..d .t now """t^ ' j^'^'^"''^' ,ti"t, Vresbyterian. 1 officis, 7 churches, v.z ^If^''°j';';, .^d i CHmpbellite Baptist, Se^Vr^o^leffersrlurSt" VoSand ...«depende..ce. ""W;.eonda,twonty.five.i|esb.ow^^^^^ :S^-iV„rrisS'tf ^wrt'C^^^ douhle that wore ^ in a southwest direction for ^'^'^^^^^V^e.. mile, below Wa- cou.Uies. It is ..avigated by boats about 100 m.les. Brunswick, two miles »-'- £'\°„",?/S?rltuaS in Chariton county, is a «»«. «"*^[P''*'"8 J^^churches, Baplist, 1,000 iuhabitaats. BOtHI RIVER. ROUTE OF THK MISSOURI RIVER. 165 lo below Livingston, was, in liidepL'iide'ice ; but, lilpriin;held, vis Mi.r- ean &. hunitainon IJailroad, where pussenKi'" arrive next day at 5 r M , eettinK dinner at tlio handsome town ol J.ick-ionvlUe. moiltCXUmn, situated on the west bank of the llluio.s, twenty-five miles from its month, in Pike county, U a small and unimportant village conluinlng twenty or thirty houses. AllKllHta is a s.nall village, situated fivo miles above Mon- te/nmn, and is about the same sisio. , „ . . , OrikusvlllC l^HlUiing, on the west side of the river, in Pi" ccmnly, five miles above .\ugusta, is mere.y a depot for rhrpping and receiving goods destined for Griggsville, three m.les "'GrlgKsviMe'"is an enterprising little town, settled mostly by •• Yankees," and gives evidence of improvement. Naples, ten miles above Augusta, In Scott county, on the east tank of the river, Is a pleasant and thriving town. It con- tains cue or two churches: 3 steam millH. several stores, and a population of 500. The Morgan & Sangamon Railway term.n- ates here. Sprlaiflcld, Sangamon county, capital of the SUte of nilnols, is pleasantly located In the middle of a teautlful prairie. It Is regularly Uid out in squares with wide streets, lined with shade trees, and has many fln. private residences. The public buildings are a handsome ,Ut*-hou.e, city hall and a bank, also numbers of churches, schools, 4c. A railroad IVom Alton, and the Sangamon 4 Morgan road terminate here. It Is quite a bu^ Incss place, and Improving dally. mcredOSla, eight miles above Naples, In Morgan county, lanleMantlv situated on the east bank of the Illinois, on a fine Llevat^m It contains 2 steam mills, a number of stores, and a population of 300. Keard8tO%vn, sixteen miles above Meredosia, on the east bankof the river, in Cass county, is a fine thriving village, con- uig 2 churches, 2) stores, and about 400 inhabitants. Havana, thirty-three miles above Beardstown, In Mason coinu wa"?ormerly the county-seat. It i. finely •""«»•'<•«"• ?rh iLndy ridge, fifty feet above tho highest floods of th. river, nnd contains a population of about 400. ItB RIVER. nOUTK OK THE ILLINOIS RIVKR. 169 of 1», Ipavlng St. Louis ^o, via Illinois & Michigmi comfortable Hiid pleasitiit HfHSOIl. AiKitlicr liii« of V, VVmlnPclay and Friiiuy Willi Sprin^tiHld, vis Mor- tsengwrs urrivt" next day at lie town of Juckfionville. west Imnk of the Illinois, Pike county, In a small and y or thirty houseii. aed fivo miles above Mon- hn west iido of the river, in lata, is merely a depot for 1 for Griggsvllle, three miles e town, settled mostly by nprovement. to, in Scott county, on tho md thriving town. It con- millH, several stores, and a Sangamon R8ilw»y termin- )lt»l of the State of Ullnolii, is Iful prairie. It is regularly laid I sbule trees, and has many Itn* are a handsome stst«-houBe, city ie«, schools, 4c. A railroad from ^rmlnatc here. It Is quite a bus- I Naples, in Morgan county, Etnk of the Illinois, on a fine U, a number of stores, and a above Meredosia, on the east 8 a fine thriving village, con- bout 400 inhabitants, ibove Beardstown, in Mason ^at. It if finely situated on a 10 highest floods of the river, 400. "piilll, thirty-one mllos above Havana, In Tuzowell county. ■ «nt rt, ur sl.tnir town, conluiuinj,' an ucuden.y. I M.-tl.odi»t, H^ i ri?r n rr «1. t''^''" «''"^ » nowspuper j.rinl.ug „• sli^un t our mill, 1 stn."> «^'W »M, moro timn 'iO h ur..s, :l!;i ;;.!..rirf:nSn, «ud conuuiHslou hoa»e.s. und a popubt.ou of 1.001). , , , rcoi-ill. county seat of Pi-oriu county, is hund«onu.|y . ercrof .'lown.wl.irh m) feet above the general Sl.aiiibo:it3 arrive and depart daily I'poria lAtUv, \» .m oxpansioM of the Illinois river, com- . .lu..n«..i of Frora, and extending in a northerly Z::Z "or a ^: e :l t!;;:" '.mlos. U has U m^. curre^, ami he water is beautifully clear and transparent, so ■""<:1' !■»; 1 at 1 " fTsh, of which there" is a great abundance, can be disf .c ly seen swhnmiag about, and performing their various evolutions, far b'nealh the surface. CMlilliCOtllC, is a small village, situated 15 miles above Peoria. ia l" Hune county, at the head of Peoria Lake. Population. 100. Lacon, county seat of Marshall county, is situated thirteen mlT^ above Chlllicotlie, on the east bank of the Illinois. It Is a small village of about 200 inhabitants. Henry, i» a small place, five miles above Lacon, containing less than 100 InhabilanU. Hennepin, county seat of Putnam county, is situated twelve miles aboCe Henry, in the Great Bend of the Illinois mer. 'n,e location is a beautiful one. being elevated by a g™dual and gentle ascent, to a hight of about twenty or thirty feet above the river. This town was named in hono^of Lou.s ««»»«?'».» Franciscan friar, an.l one of the early explorers of » 'e North-«^st. It contains a court-house, jail, Methodist and Presbyterian churches, 20 stores, and about 600 inhabitants. Pern, U Salle county, fifteen miles above Hennepin, is a small village, situated at the head of steamboat navigation on tlio 170 ROUTE OF THK H-UNOIS AND MICltlOAN T ANAt. ""17'' n,V.u,7^ & nichlKn.. ra.ml.-Tln« important The "'»""'* ^ .7 |'^'^T"l^.■ll^ ,.ml t>nUlu.a i.. the yo.r work wiiH coiiiMif iicc.l 111 ""• >' ^"^^ ' ', . . ,„,t wl( .■ ut toi., ^r.rl^lrtr'SuS.I^SSl^'^ol^.f .?as work w. S6.- "Z SU1.0, two ..... ^0. P-. ^-,11;-- r "l^iralS fiel.l. Allon, ami Cairo on tlie south. IJilca, four miles from Lu Salle, ir. the same county, ha. about the 8Uine po,ulut.o« _^^^^^_^^^^ ^,^^ OttOWa, couiUy «ea o I,a Su 10 c^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ niilcB from Ut.cu, o» the 1"'' "''""' V „ut^i„ tl.e your \SM, a««l «,,e8or the ^^^"'''^^lll^'JyZ.lfZn.L. 20 Hlores, and a ":;:;.:;;r U? ,;;)ri^ti:X:^ ^aHy for .prin«.ield and Chicago. „lar.einc., eight ■""- f-?S:Slul:;t mllS^n^ -;;^r o;S= ~ ^ ?h^ iiST^u^hS'^ftms :Kh:;i s::.. a popSutiou or m ClarRSOn, i« a small vil.aj:«. twelve mlleB from M.r«..lle.. with a populaliou of about iUU Dresden, nine milcB from Morriss, Bituated on the "llno» containing about 250 inhabitants. X«lli.t county seat of Will county, U situated fourteen mJlM -from""e!der1^:as,„allvillag^^^ few stores, and a population of about 300. frc a MtClttOAN CAKAl. KOLTB OP THE ILUNOIB AND MICHIOAN CANAL. 171 the llliiioln mill Mlc'il(,">ii I 300. Tin- briiiicli line of uloim mill Dubuque, piiiMie* I rannl.— This important h:ili, mid tiiiUlK'il 111 the yoiir |,.H, l» BUty l>i't will.- ut toil, I't li.i-i). TlRTiMiri' 17 locks, , bilng larKo .•iioiikIi for vi-h- cost of tills work was $b,- 1, III lh(^ dutiiP county, on tlio ill honor of the celebrated a a villugr heretofore of but ) the center of a number of eua on the north, and Spring- 1. ,lle, in the same connty, haf Julio county, is gitnnted nine d MichiKan canal, and ou both laid out in the your iSM, mid ■al churches, 20 stores, and a ,ly for iSpringiield and Cliicago. Ottawa, In the same county, is its facilities for innnufucluring, ice. The Grand Rapids of the immense water power. There linds, and a population of JOU. ,, twelve miles from Mareeilles, ndv county, situated four miles J of no particular Importance, Morriss, situated on the lllinoi» junction of Kankakee and De» liuois proper, is a siuall vUlnge, ouiity, is situated fourteen mile* ige, containing a court-boute, « bout 300. Lorkport, six miles from Jollet, in (he sainn county, la a tMWii n( Hiiucrior ailviiiitMj.'rM lor innmir,icliirliit; piirpos.'H. 'I'he ciiul h'-rr \ns uvo locks, riid the Di'S I'laiiiiH rivrr has a tall ol llil, III r.il. 'I'luM' a.lvaiilii|.'es will no doiilit niider the advanoe- • 11, 111 of Ihis pliice rupiil anil strady. Tlio town is siuull. uiid coiiluUn only uliuiit 'JOO inhablUints. Dcst I*lai«t'«. is a smull villugo in Cook county, ten miles from l.ockporl. roi>ulatlon, GOO- JiiUinuiit, situated al the "Point of Oaks," in Cook county, ten miles Irom Ues Plaiiies, U a small place, containing twenty or tliirly houses. Population, SO. Bl'idKi'PUrt, is a small villap, eight miles from Summll, in the same county. Population, 60. <'bit*aKO< Ihe largest and most Important commercial place in lllitiolH, is situated at the liortli-eiiNtern termination of the Illi- nois and Michigan cuiial, on both sides of the Clilcugo river, and on the borders of the soulliern shore of like Michigan. It was settled about the year IH.'tO, and has increased witli a rapiiljty almost without a parallel in the history of our country. The situation for trade is remarkably good, being ut the point where the great Mississippi valley is united to the chain of lakes on our northern frontier, bringing the Kust, South and West into direct coinmuiiication with each other. The first vessel that left this port, was a small schooner loaded with wheat, in le>39 ; now the arrivals and departures of various kinds of vessels number about 4,000, making an aggregate of 50,000 tons of shipping. The principal articles of export are wheat. Hour, beef, pork, wool, hides, uud leather. The lumber business is carried on iiere proba- bly to a greater extent than any other, and the amount brought into market lust year probably reached 70,000,000 feet, supplying the St. Louis market via UImioU &. Michigan canal, &c. Chicago is situated on a level plat of prairie land, rising sufH- cleiitlv liigh to escape the highest floods. It is handsomely laid out, and has an artificial harbor, built at considerable cost, by the construction of piers, wliich extend for some distance out into the lake, and prevent the sand from accumulating in sufficient (inantities to obstruct the entrance to the harbor. Chicago is tht« county seat of Cook county, and contains, besides the usual connty bniluiiiga.a number of fine hotels, among which are the Tremont House, Mansion House, Lake House, Sherman House, and others, twiUe or fifteen churches, many of them hanusome struclnris, works for supplying the city with water, a large ""'"^'"f °| wholesale and retail stores of all kinds, and a population of 28,000. Curs leave daily on the Chicago and Galena railroad ; steamers 172 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKK3. and sail vessels arrive and depart daily for liufTalo and all inter- mediate points on the lakes: stages leave dally for St. Louis, Ga- lena, Mitwaukie, and Detroit. Like her sister cities further south and east, Chicago is making herself the center of a system of railway connections that will eventually elevate her to the rank of one of the largest cities in the Union. The great Illinois Central road, (branch track,) has its northern terminus here; the Chicago & Galena Union Rail- way, (nearly completed,) has its western terminus here; the Ill- inois Si, Wisconsin road (in progress) has its southern terminus here; the numerous Indiana roads, connecting with the Ohio roads, enter here, via Michigan City & Chicago road; and each of these main roads have numerous tributaries, all pouring their vast amount of freight and passengers into this city, can uot but add immeasurably to her already great prosperity. BOUTE OF THE OBEAT LAKES. Lake Michigan. — This lake is the largest lake that lies wliolly in the United States. It is 340 miles loug, and generally about 60 miles broad. The waters are deep enough to float the largest class vessels, and abound with almost every species of fresh water fish. The line of coast is generally quite uniform and but little indented with bays and inlets. The princijial bays are Green bay, and Great and Little Traveise have, situated in the north. There are a few islands in the northern part, but none in the southern of any consequence. ]n[ichig:an City, is situated in La Porte county, Indiana, and is the only harbor in the state. It was laid out in 1831, and it wall thought for a long time that it would become a largj commercial city. This would no doubt have been the case, had the improvement of the harbor been completed, as was contemplated. The expense of improving the harbor would be very trifling In comparison to the advantage the city wonid derive from it. Ves- sels are now compelled to load and unload by means of lighten, and this can be done only in pleasant weather. As long as this state of things lasts, we cannot expect much commercial pros- perity. The advantageous position of this town, it is to be hoped, will ere long direct the attention of the citizens to the fact, that money spout in public improvements, will always enhance individual interests. * Michigan City is on the line of railroads from Detroit, also tha terminus of the Indiana roads to Chicago. BAT LAKES. ily for liufTalo and all inter- eave daily for St. Louis, Ga- and east, Chicago is making lihvay connections ttiat will if one of the largest cities In ral road, (branch track,) has cago & Galena Union Rail- stern terminus here; the III- ) has its southern terminus , connecting with the Ohio y & Chicago road; and each tribntaries, all pouring their rs into this city, can uot but lat prosperity. R£AT LAKES. [e is the largest lake that lies 140 miles long, and generally are deep enough to float the almost every siiecies of fresh lerally quite uniform and but The priucijial bays are Green bavf, situated iu the north, rtheru part, but none in the n La Forte county, Indiana, It was laid out in 1831, and at it would become a larffj bt have been the case, had the npleted, as was contemplated. >or would be very trifling In ■ wonid derive from it. Ves- unload by means of Ivjhten, nt weather. As long as this )ect much commercial pros- )f this town, it is to be hoped, the citizens to the fact, that lents, will always enhance lilroads from Detroit, also tha licago. ROCTB OF THE GREAT LAKPS. 173 Michigan City now contains a bank, printing office, 20 stortis, and a population of 1000. IVcw BuHillO is situated about opposite Chicago, on Lake Michigan, in Berrian county, Michigan. It is a place of consid- erable iniportance, and is rapidly growing. From its advantage- ous position, it will doubtless become quite a large town. The Michigan Central Railroad now continued on to Chioapro, form- erly terminated here. Steamboats arrive and depart daily for Chicago, St. Joseph, &.C.; ca;s leave daily for Detroit and inter- mediate points. §t. Joseph, twenty miles north of New BuiTalo, in the same C0L.nty, at the mouth of St. Joseph's river, is tho most im- portant town in the western part of Michigan. It is contem- plated to bring the Michigan Central Railroad to this point. The town has an excellent harbor, much improved, some years ago, by an appropriation from the state. The trade is increasing rapidly every year, and several steamboats are now owned here. illilWnuKiCt county-seat of Milwaukie county, Wiscon- sin is situated ninety-five miles north of Chicago, on Lake Michi- gan. It was first settled in the year lill34, and has increased with a rapidity truly astonishing. It lies on both sides of the Mil we i- kie river, a stream affording an abundant supply of water power for all kinds of manufacturing purposes. The facilities for trade are excellent, and the country around is exceedingly fertile. In 1834, Milwaukie contained two log huts; in 1840, it contained a population of 1,800, ana now wilt number 30,000. Steamboats arrive and depart daily for Chicago, Buffalo, and intermediate points. Stages leave daily for Chicago and Galena. The Mil- waukie & Mississippi railroad — some 200 miles iu length, com- pleted and in operation to Whitewater, 50 miles— and the Chicago iV Wisconsin railway to Fond du Lac, now constructintr, will, when fully completed, bring the producta of the interior to Mil- waukie for shipment, and greatly increase its business facilities. Graud Haven, conuty-seat of Ottawa county, Michigan, is situated opposite Milwaukie, on the east side of Lake Michigan, ut the mouth of Grand river. It is a pleasant little town, with an excellent harbor, though as yet but little trade, WasIlillg:tOU, county-seat of Washington county, Wis- consin, is situated twenty-five miles north of Milwaukie. Slicboy^^ail, county-sent of Sheboygan county, Wiscon- sin, is a small village, twenty-four miles north of Washington. ITIuilitOUWac. county-scat of Manitouwac county, Wis- consin, is a small village twenty -six miles north of Sheboygan. Tbe Straits of iHackinaw, connect L.>tke Michigan with Lake Huron. The straits are uot more than three miles 174 ROUTK OP THE GREAT LAKES. wide at the narrowest place, but they are suffioioutly deep to float any ordiiuiry craft. lUuckiliaw, situated on an island of the same name, in the straits of Mackinaw, is a iine little village, celebrated for the excellent quulitv of fish canglit in the vicinity. It is the county seal of Michiliinuckinaw county, Michigan, and contains about 100 inhabitants, mostly lisherincn. The name is of Indian origin, and was given to the island from iU supposed resemblance to the buck of a turtle. l4lke Superior.— This lake, the largest body of fresh water in the world, is 400 miles long, and averages about 130 wide, and covering an area of 3i2,O0O, square miles, being only 3,800 square miles less than the whole of Indiana. Its absolute elevation is 672 feet, and its bed is 300 feet below the surface of the Atlantic, making a mean depth of about 900 feet. It is surrounded by a rock bound coast, and contains a number of islands, many of them being of considerable magnitude. The waters are clear and transparent, and abound with tisli of various kinds, among which the trout and white fish are the most impor- tant ; these weigh from 12 to 50 pounds. The navigation of this lake has not yet been carried on to any extent, in consequence of the rapids at St. Mary's straits, or river rather, which connects Lake Superior and Lake Huron. There is, however, a canal in contemplation around the falls, which will obviate the difficulties of navigation. There are no important towns on this lake ; but the navigation being once opened, we may look for vast improve- ments. Portions of the southern coast of Lake Superior abound In extensive beds of copper. Tliese mines are very rich, and will prove a source of inexhaustible wealth to those that work them. 'There are many line harbors on the coast, and the soil and timber is generally of an excellent quality. This lake receives the waters of more than thirty rivers. In this vicinity, there are numerous beautiful and glassy lakes, which abound in multitudes of excel- lent fish. Saint Mary's Strait, forms the outlet of Lake Superior, end connects it with Lake Huron. It is 10 miles long, and con- tains four large islands, and a number of small ones. The largest of these are St. Joseph, Sugar, Sailor's Encampment, and Lime Kiln islands. The navigation of this strait is exceedingly difficnit and dangerous ; the clianuel is about three-fourths of a mile wide, and the current one and a half miles nn hour. The rapids are nearly a mile in length, and have a fiiii of 23 feet. The entire fall of the river from Lake Superior to Lake Huron, is 44 fo«t 8 inches. r LAKES. B suffioicutly deep to float of the same name, in the illagf, celebrated for the iciuity. It is the county iguii, and contains about name is of Indian origin, iponed rciiemblance to the lie largest body of fresh , and averages about 130 square miles, being only of Indiana. Its absolute feet below the surface of if about 900 feet. It is nd contains a number of durable magnitude. The jouiid with tish of various e fish are the most impor- 3. The navigation of this ny extent, in consequence veT rather, which connects •e is, however, a canal in will obviate the diBiculties it towns on this lake ; but i:iy look for vast Improve- , of Lake Superior abound nes are very rich, and will , to those that work them. ist, and the soil and timber lis hike receives the waters ■iuily. there are numerous ud in multitudes of excel- 10 outlet of Lake Superior, is 10 miles long, and con- of small ones. The largest s Encampment, and Lime triiit is exceedingly difficult t tlireo-fourths of a mile :nilfs iin hour. The rapids 1 fid i of 23 feet. Tiie entire tu Lak« Huron, ii 44 i«et ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 175 Sault de St> Marie, county scat of Chlpperray county, Michigan, is situ:iti>d on the site of an old French fort, at the foot of the rapids in St. Mary's strait. Vessels come to the foot of the rapids and di.'icharge their cargo, and then it in transported by means of wagons above the falls, and ro-shlpped. The winters at lliis place are excessively cold, and the thermometer often falls to I;^.'iur30° below zero. I'he town contalus a court-house, jail, several churches. Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, 6u;., 2 mls- Biouary schools for Indian children, several stores, a trading housA of the American Fur Company, aud a population of about 1,000. The population however, is very fluctuating, sometimes being considerably more than 1,000, and sometimes less. Stages leave during the summer, once n week for Detroit ; and iu the winter, -ince u month. lAke Huron. — This lake is £90 miles long, and from 90 to 180 miles broad. Its altitude is 30 feet lower than that of Lake Superior, and the mean depth is about 800 feet. It receives the waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, through the straits of Mackinaw and St. Marys, and discharges its waters into Lake Frie, through an outlet called the St. Clair river, which, after a ciiurse of 40 miles, expands into a lake of the same name, 24 miles in leuglh, and 30 in breadth, and again contracts, and enters Luke Erie, under the name of the Detroit river. Tills lake has many fme harbors, and some large bays ; Georgian bay iu the north, Saginaw bay in the south-west, and Thunder bay on the west coast, are the principal. There are some large islands also ; Great Manitoulin, the largest, being 80 miles long. Thunder bay is said to be the focus of some peculiar electrical phenomenon, v.'hich produces constant concussions, similar in sound to thunder. The waters of this lake, like all the others, are clear and transparent, abounding in fish. There are but few towns on the coast, and they are mostly of little commercial importance, being mere trading posts. The principal rivers which empty into the lake, are the Saginaw and Sable. SU Clair River, connects Lake Huron -with Lake St Clair, and discharges the waters of the three great upper lakes, Superior, Michigan, and Huron. It flows in a southerly direction for tlie distance of 40 miles, und enters Lake St. Clair by six channels, only one of which is navigat d by vessels ascending or descending the river. Its principal t.-butaries are the Black, Pine and Belle rivers. The scenery aloig the banks is very flue, and flourishing little villages are springing up on all sides. St> Clair, couniy seat of St. Clair county, Michigan, h situated at the south side of the mouth of Fine 'river, about IS 13 176 ROUTE OB' THE GREAT LAKES. a populalioii of COO. c r-i • ""nrtlJoll Btvcr, whioh .into L.k. St Cl.lr .1* Uk. channel, however, is *'»' '''^ "^iXnjg'are Grusse and Fight- on both sides of tlie river. nptl'Oit, scat of justice for Wayne county, Michigan, and broad, upper traiisB ■whici roail, Tiie c terian 2 Cat maga; of pi other Th increi place ties f( 20 cc gtorei neriei office and i point Tole< Lyoi ,T LAKES. It ccruplcs the site of fort \ Ar;'iiur St. Clair, a man mark, us one that should }iituiiis u courl-house, j»il, )ls, a number of stores, aud xpansion cf St. Clair river, it 20 feet deep. Its banks ency feet ab)ve the surface Bties into it from Miohigaa le smaller ones from Canada Lake St. Clair with Lake 1 from three- fourths to one enough to float the largest rhat intricate, owing to the tern channel. The eastern ructed, and is consequently islands are Grasse and Fight- Ihe river. The banks of this what is termed the Court on back of the river being low but a sliort distance, and the ) of villages for many miles jyno county, Michigan, and lated on Detroit river, eight Clair, and twenty above its rst settlement made here, was Ja, about tho year 16ti3. It nuch importance, until about sho .V unmistakable signs of was 770; in 1820,1,452; in 850, 20,000. The city has a u plain elevated about 30 feet soiD.'lv laid out, extending one mi about a mile back. There ch i:i\d to the looks of the city invm Martius, is of considera- out. This city was formerly le.-linuse, now used for a court- le Ionic order of architecture, ■out, and pilasters on the sides. Iding, 100 feet long by 50 feet ROUTE or THE GREAT LAKES. 177 broad. The lower story Is occupied as a market-house, and in tho upper story there is a spacious hall, wheri tho city business is transacted There arc several fine hotels In this city, among which the Mansion House, National, Mlchi^^an Exchange, Rail- road, Commercial, Steamboat, and Temperance, rank as principal. The city also coi.iains \.\ cluirclios, vi/, : ^^ .Metboilist, 2 Presby- terian, 2 Baptist, I Episcopal, 1 German Lutheran, 2 African, and a Catholic, 4 ba' us, 4 markets, a theater, museum, goverument magazine, pe-=' ^nliarv, mechanics' hall, 15 public, and a number of private scl -ols, the Ladies' Free-school Society, and various other benevolon , and charitable institutions and societies. The comir.rce of Detroit is very extensive, and is rapidly increasing. The .Michigan Central railroad, extending from this place to New ButTalo and Chicago, will add greatly to the facili- ties for trade, already possessed so largely by this city. There are 20 commission ane great chuiu of lak.s, is sit..alenr One of the most brilliant naval achievements of the last war, took place on Lake Erie. The American Heet, consisting of mno small'^vessels, carrying in all lifty-four guns ''»d been built and equipped entirelv through the exertions of Commodore Ferry, during the summer of 1813. The British fleet consisted of fcix vessels, carrying sixty-three guns, giving the Americans the Idva. go nthf number of ve.^els.a.id the British the advantage ?„ the izc and number of guns. The British fleet was command- ed bv Admiral Barclay, a veteran officer who had served under Nelson at Trafalgar, while Perry, the commander of the Amemau fleet, had never teen a naval engagement in his hfe. The battle Vook Dlace on the lOlh of September, 1813, and resui ed In the total triur^ph of the Americans. Li the heat of the battle the flag ship becoming disabled. Commodore Perry left her '» ch«g« "J his lieutenai.r, and proceeded to go on board one of the other vessels of his little fleet. This he accomplished in "" 0P«". 'i°"f' passing the whole line of the enemy, and «''1"'«'^'^ . ° ^''^ ^'^ "^ their musketry. During the whole time of pass ng from one Ssel to the ofher. he st^od up in the stern of t»e boat and Je J aloft the tlag of his country, on which were inscnlK;d the dying words of the immoilal Lawrence, " Don't give up the ship. ' That a magnificent spectacle, and what a feeling o. l>o"e«t Prid must clow in the breast of the Ainenoan, when he fee s that this was one of the noble defenders of his country; and at the same time, whUe contemplating iWs sceue, what feeling of contempt is at( El er K: is al V di tt ROtTTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 179 ovirlli in order of the great nv York, I'enns) Ivaiiii, and iry line between tlie Uiiiti-d oiig, uiid generally about 50 jr than Lake Huron, and its shore, however, it is quite cessivcly cold winters, wliich ling to several distinguished w several feet between tli* se of iimgnitude, seems to ba 1 those of the eastern heml- c Erie has a number of good )l generally very large. The nailer ones, in the south-west island. There is more busi- r the others, and on the shores esides several cities of groat chievements of the last war, rican Heet, consisting of nins )ur guns, had been built and rtions of Cotniiiodore Perry, British fleet consisted of six , giving the Americans the and the British the advantage le British fleet was command- oflicer who had served under commander of the America! i.ment in his life. The battle )cr, leiti, and resulted In the the heat of the battle, the flag e Perry left her in charge of ;o on board one of the other iccomplished in an open boat, iy, and exposed to the fire of )le time of passing from one Ihe stern of the boat, and held liich were inscrilwd the dying I, " Don't give up the ship." what a feeling of honest pride lerioan, when he feels that this his country; and at the same ne, what feeling uf contempt is eniienderpd toward those who would sever the bonds of our glo- rious coiifeileracy. , The loss of the .Americans in this engageinent, was one hun- dred and twei.ly-thre,-, in killed anu wounded. Among the wounded on the British side was Admiral Barclay. Their entire loi!3 could not be ascertained. lUonrOC, county-seat of Monroe county, Michigan, is situ- ated near Ihe moulh'of the river Raisin, and coulai.is a splendid conrl-house, I Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Ej.iscopal, 2 Presbyterian, and 2 Catholic churches, several mills, factori(M, and founderies, 2 printing offices issuing papers, about .'tO stores, and a popula- tion of 2(100. There is als . a branch of the University of .Mich- iean. 2 academies, a reading-room, and a library of 1,500 volumes, there is a ship canal, two and a half miles long, from this place to the lake, by which steamboats and other vess-ls are enabled to come to the city. Steamers arrive and depart daily for all points on the lake. Stages leave daily for Detroit, and 1 oleilo, Ohio. The Michigan Southern Railroad has its eastern terminus here; the chain of Lake-shore roads from Buffalo, via Cleveland, To- ledo, &.C., will eventually terminate here also, thus forming a lino of uninterrupted communication all the year through. Toledo is fituatod on the Maumce river, near Its entrance into lake Erie, iu LuoM county, Ohio. It Is a thriving buRinens plftw, being the north- ern outlet of a portion of Ohio and Indiana, by means of the Wabaih and Erie .anal, which tcrnanatcs here. The harbor of Toledo is excellent, and is accessible to large class steamers, and smull sail vessels. The city extends along the river for the distance of a mile, and is divided in two parts, termed Upper and Lower Toledo. It occupies the site of a stockade fort called In- dustry, built in 1800. It was iu.oriorated as a city in \m, and now con- tiiins six or eight churches, alwut 70 stores of various kinds, 2 banks, several manafacturlng establishments, and a population cf -iOOO. There is a railroad extLMiding from this place to Chicago, and connecting at Adrian with the one from Monroe. A road connecting Tole.lo with Sandusky City is nearly com- pleted, thus bringing It in direct connection with Cincinnati. The Toledo, Norwalk 4 Cleveland Railway has its western U-rminus here. The Dayton 4 Michigan road will also pass through here. Regular lines of steam paok- «U leave daily for Buffalo, Detroit, and other points. Canal boaU arrive and dcr»rt daily for Uf:.yctt«, Indiana, Cincinnati, Ohio, and all intermediate points. Stages leave for Detroit daily. Port Clinton, county-seat of Ottawa county. Ohio, l» situated on a beautiful little bay putting in from Lake Erie, and contains a populaliou of about 400. It has a good harbor, and J 180 ROrTK OF THE OKEAT LAKK8. will no (lonbt in tho co\irse of time, become a pluCB of Rommer- ci;il iiiiporUincr. It \mis ncirly o|)|iosit« lliis place, a few milea out on tliK lake, tliat Terry's victory wus gained. Lower iKniiduiihr, o' Frenionl, counlyKcut nf SRuiiudky coun- ty, Ohio. IS siluiitiil (in till' Siiiiilu!-ky livir, at the Ih'bJ uf uayigiition. It ia «' thriving liUKiiii'm pliue, adiI loiitnin." n coiirthnnx), fi oliurchcii, 2 newnpa- por nffloos, ;;0 ptorcs, 1 wooloii fii. tiiry, 1 fnuii.lry, niid a populHtinn of 2,600. It is on the lino of tUi- l.ake-phore roii.ln. The Toledo, Norwalk i ClcTolaiid milroud rii.«»i»|? throui.;h this plaie, will mid uiuc h to its bnaineus fiifilitli-s. Lower finiidiifky occupies tho »it« of Foit Stephenson, ereeU'd durini; the Inst war with Orciit Ilritain. This fort, under Major CroKhnn.whoi-o garrikon amounted to only two hundred men, with only one Kixpoundcr, was attaiked on the Ist of August, 1813, by General I'roclor, with a force of 600 regular troops, 800 Indians, and several pieces of artillery. Major Cronhan's orders were, to hum the stores and abandon the fort, should the enemy approach In force, with cannon. Major Croghnn had no idea of olieying thi-so instruc- tions, and accordingly on the approach of tho foe prepared himself for a stern resistance. The summons to surrender by the British commander was disre- garded, and the attack was commenced by a heavy tiro from their artillery; which however had but littlo effect on the walls, so well hail Major Croghan prepared for his defense. The firing continued for several hours, when the enemy thinking they had effected a breach, attempted to take the fort by Btorm. This attempt was so gallantly mot by the garrison, that the enemy were repulsed with immense slaughter; which so discomfited General Proctor, that ho immediately ordered a retreat, leaving the victory in the hands of a beardless youth, only twenty-one years of age. This clrcumstinoe to avetcrau General, commanding a force mo'e than six times as largo as his opponent, must have been humiliating in the extreme. Tho giUlant Croghan, although ho disobeyed orders, was promoted to tho rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and was presented with an elegant sword by tho ladies of ChilUcothe. Sandusky City, county seat of Erie county, Ohio, is situated on Sandusky Buy, near its outlet into Lake Erie. It is finely located, commanding an exteT.sive and beautiful view of tha lake. It was laid out in the year 1817, under the name of Fort- land, which name was subseqnflntly changed for the one it now bears. The business of this city is very extensive, and is rapidly Increasing. Besides the immense amount of lake commerce which her advantageous position and excellent harbor afford, there are two lines of railroads, connecting with Cincinnati, and many of the most important places in Ohio. Sandusky suffered gaverely during the summer of 1849, from the terrific dlieaM of ch< tor liii cil CO ai 111 111 C fo C ti If V a a KT LAKK8. (■come a plucB of commer- Mt: III is place, a few milei ri\H guined. ( ounlyKont nf Saiidudky coun- it the lii'»U uf uiiylgiition. It la rthmisi), fi oliiiichi'ii, 2 neWBpa- iilry, ftiid a populatinn of 2,600. he Toledo, Norwiilk 4 CleT«laiid inu( h to its liualneus fiioilitips. fiti'phi'nson, rm'ti'd diirini,' the r Major Croghiin,whu»o garrikon ly oue f*ix-poundcr, was attockiHl jnr, with iv force of SOO n-gular :lllery. Major Crot;han's orderi jrt, Bhould the eiuniy approach lo idea of oheyinp thi'Se instruc- I foe prepnreil himself for a stern in Ilritijth commander waa dlsre- heavy flro from their artillery; nils, so well had Major Croghan ued for several hours, when the , attempted to take the fort by hy tlie garrison, that the enemy li so discomfited General Proctor, ig the victory in the hands of a '. This circuiiistinoe to a veteran times Oil largo as his opponent, The gallant Croghan, although rank of Lieut";; j '%. e i y .-w coutuins a ,i,,, ,n,t i. ,;™v;- >' ;Sopal. 1 Congr^rational., 1 (M-rn.an Lutheran, and 1 t^"l'';'''\ ''",;; Vw .ks, 'J p.UtliMK offices, and ,.clories, a 1»>-(I'' •'"'"':7„ "' ;ii,;vloi uily of this .Hy, H'-^^re are ,„r.,.y n....»ius 01 "''V:\"\.r'Sat^a other point., on thelake. lines of lake stcanierH n,„ to I utla an v f,ulu,ud, and Cars leave daily lor t-^'''^'^"^' ° ' "' ^i New . k &, Sandusky for Ma,.s[ieia, ^-V-";;,;;;;',? r: e 'r ;.' a« f"r as Shelby June- „„d at the n-outh of the Cuyahoga rvr.ll ejoc ^^ ^^^^ city is most beautiful, he.np on an f'^^"'7 P'"',„ke. The first hi^ht of one hundred f-'V^^Vrrci wa« « "t^^^ V"' ^ '»«' pennaucnt settlement made at th a P »<=« ^^ j^ij J^^ i,y the unple^ant In the extreme J^l « •''''"^^ ™ o„o of the set- agie,were tXi^'^^ri^wtwaJfo tLra^'enough to have tiers was afflicted; anil '«""? "p^.-u^blv luckv individual. anticipations fully realized. Ihe »''^^8ets, lew m a-.>i ^ ii » j A i*'' 182 ROUTE OF THE OKXAT LAKES ?■ lol witli the lake shore, is laid with plank instead of being puv.^j Willi stone, hh is usually the case in large towns, nnd is the prin- cipal l>usineHs strfct of the city. In tlie center of the city t)i> ni is a fine pulilic square of ten acres, diviiled into four purls by in- tersectinp stnets. The court-house, county oftices, and several handsome chiirclics front on this square. The business of Cleveland is very extensive, and it ranks us tlie second commercial city in Ohio. Its natural advantnees for commerce are not surpassed by anv other place in the West Uesides having the best harbor on LaWe. Erie, it is connected wiili the Ohio river l)y means of the Ohio canal, and with the Interior of Pennsylvania by tlie Erie canal, and with the interior of Ohio, by the Cleveland & Columbus, and Cleveland & VVellsville rail- roads; also, with Chicago, and other western cities, by tlie Toledo, Norwalk &- Cleveland road, and witli Dunkirk and liuffalo, N-w York, by the Cleveland &. Erie road, thus making it a principal lint upon the great northern route from the East to the West. - lie value of exports uud imports is estimated at about f 15,000,- OOO, and the number of vessels of all kinds owned here Is mor>» than 100. The public buildings are generally handsome structures, and Bome display a considerable degree of architectural beauty: among tliesB are the Merchants' Exchange, the Cleveland Medical Col- lege, the hotels, Masonic and Odd-fellows hulls, both of which orders are very flourishing here, churches, &c. The churchm are 26 in number, viz.: 3 Episcopal, 3 Methodist, 2 Baptist, 3 Presbyterian, 1 Bethel, 1 Wesleyan Methodist, 1 German Evan- gelical Protestant, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 German Mission So- ciety of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 1 Evangelical Associ- Btion of North America, 1 German Evangelical Lutheran, 1 Se- ceders, 2 Universalist, 1 Disciples, 1 Jewish, 2 Second Advent, and 2 Catholic. The hotels are generally well conducted, with every arrangement for tlie convenience and comfort of the trav- eling com- iunity. The population of Cleveland shows a remark- ublv rapid growth. In tlie year 1796, the population was 3; iti 1800, 20; iu 1825, 600; in lt!30, 1,000; in 1840, 6,071; in 1845, 10,000; and in 1850, 17,000; showing an increase of near 200 per cent, in ten years. Steamers arrive and depart for all points on the lakes, daily. Cars arrive and depart daily for Cincinnati and intermediate pointi, on the Columbus & Cleveland raijroad; for Toledo, via Toledo, Norwalk & Cleveland road; for Buffalo, via Lake-shore road through Er'.e and Dunkirk; for Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, via Cleveland & Pittsburg road to Alliance, thence via Ohio St, Pennsylvania railroad; and to Wheeling, Virginia, via Shelby Junction, Mansfield, Newark, and Zanesville. EAT LAKES ROrTK OF Tint GREAT LAKES. 183 >1ank inBtcarf of being puv.'il [urge towiin, and is tlie priii- the center of the city tlnri) liviiled into four purlM liy in- , county oftices, iind »evcral iiro. ' extensive, and it ranks iis Its natunil advantiiges for y other place in the West ke Erie, it is connected wiili I canal, and with the interior nd with the interior of Ohio, Cleveland & VVellsville ridl- vestern cities, by the Toledo, 1 Dunkirk and Buffalo, N"W 1, thus makinjr it a printi|i;d • froiK the East to the West, estimated at about $15,000,- lU kinds owned here Is mor>) ly handsome structures, and architectural beniity: among , tile Cleveland Medical Col- fellows halls, both of which hurches, &c. The churchm il, 3 Methodist, 2 Baptist, 3 Methodist, 1 German Evan- rmed, 1 German Mission So- liurch, 1 Evangelical Associ- Uvangelicul Lutheran, 1 Se- 1 Jewish, 2 Second Advent, nerally well conducted, with ince and comfort of the trav- of Cleveland shows a remark- '96, the population was 3; in 900; in 1840,6,071; in 1845, ing an increase of near 200 rrive and depart for all points d depart daily for Cincinnati umbus & Cleveland raijroad; Cleveland road; for Buffalo, and Dunkirk; for Pittsburg, iburg road to Alliance, thence and to Wheeling, Virginie, I walk, and Zanesville. Ohio City, Is situated on a beautiful and commanding n,u..uc,e, onpoH.to Cleveland, on the west hunk of the Cuyahoga U. 11 wLs incorporated as a city in 1830, and now coulu.ns 3 l.unheH, y\7.: 1 Methodist I'.pi»e..pal, 1 •n-sbytermu, and 1 ,i.-op» , a n..n.her of storen. several of which do a lar«e and V.nsive business, and a population of :t,000. 1 he Episcopal rhurch of -his city is a spLiidid edifice, ol the Ootl.ic "'■■I. r of arrlntfc-ture, and will compare favorably in point of arch U-ct- ur;d beauty, with many of the haudsomo churches in our ...rgo cities. Note. P«lne»vin«, county sent of Lake county, Ohio, Is beautifully .Itu.tod ondmn.i r'.vcr thfee milc« from Ita mouth. It i» a strikli.frly hand»o„.e Till.."., a.o hoUM. being all neatly an,! t»-tefully built, »ith ..rnanHUtal poeNns attucbed. In the center of the town, i« .i flu. | ..bl,c ^luare eompria- L several acre,, acl bana«n,nely laid out »ith tr. -. and various kmd. of .hrubl».ry. ?omc of Ih. fln,..t 1 uildinRS in the Unv„ front on this square. raln.-,Tllleeont*iu.l Mcthodl-t. 1 Kpi^ropal, 1 Diseiplos, and 1 IVe^hyt.rian church, a clawlcul wi.M«my, 1 bank, 1 newspaper printing office, 1 flour u,'- , 20 store., and a population of 2,000. l-alneHvlUe «,^ laid out in the y.ar I under the name of Champion. The name was aub.equcntiy -"'""'l^'"^ Palne,Tllle, in honor of General Kdward Paine, a revoluliouary officer of hiuh reputation, and one cf the first settlers of this place. Fnlroort, three miUa below raineaville, at tho rnoiilh of Grand river, is a fine little village, havin|r an oxcelleut In.rhor, so well defended from winds, and so easy of access, that voss.;. often ,,Hl in here and lay in times of storms, when unable to m.ike any other port. The village coi.tninH_3 forwanUng housed several stores, and a population of about 250. Eric, county seat of Erie countv. Penmyhvmi.i, lf» beautifully situated on a high bluff of Presqne-lslo Bay, affording a lu.- view of the surrounding country, and of Lake Erie ii, "'^.'l'^^^""' The first settlement made here was in 1 '9.;., >.y Gcura V\ Ilia m Irvine and Andrew Elliott. In the year IbSC, the l''';j ;i ;"'' ^ tion raged in this town to an amazing extent. Real estate osom value 100 per cent, in on^ day. A lot of (-'round, «"W "1 f «'^'-;^ y for SLOOoVwas sold the succeeding March for JIO-O""- _,,;'"» iontiaied Sometime, and being based on real ""dtX^uT^ nevei retrograded. The excitement, however, naturally settled down in time, and the busiuesa became ateady. J I 184 ROUT'; or TilK ORKAT LAKES. Erl.' contninn n ro.-,i , boii«p, j«il. nnd ooinity-ofRrM, tii« Erl» Bunk, « f.Mm.l.' Hoi..iu,,M , 7 cl^nrohi'M, th^ Kri.l Houhp, a i.|>leiM id hotel on Ih.' pliii. of il>'' Aslor Mouse , nn iicail^iiiy, m-vrM mill, aixl fo.Mul.Mi. H, a l;.ruT>- m.iMl...r of Htor-s and a i.O|.|ilatlo„ of 4()0n T' ■ town of Krie is the \>h\cr were Commodoro lorry b.illt'nn ■ nilppo.l 1m.-< tl'-et, prrpiintory to his .•ngnifinpnt with tl„. Hritisi. A.linin.l, liarrlay. TI.e tl.-.t wan l.roiigat in her. af'er It " vii tory, aii.l tlic retiialiiM of llie flan-sliip l.awrenee nr« now I . !.e h.mm. lyint; l>"r.' rotting. Pieces ar^ coiiHtai.tly be,,,;; cut t-OTi it, bv viHitors, as relics of lliis memorul)le pveiit. Meam- iTrt ply aaily to and from all important places on tli-; lft);e. SlHees leave (tail /for I'lttsbi-ri;, Pennsylvania, an.l cars for nnfTalo, New York, an.l Cleveland, Ohio. The Lake-shore road, connect- ing Clevlund witit ;'.iftUlo, passes through Lrie. A road is also nrojocted hence U- 1 Ksburg. IMinklrll, ": - l^d o" I'Oke Erie, In Chatauque county, New York, is a line, tonrishing village, destined, at som« fut.ire dav, from Us ndvont.geous position and <-xcellent harbor, to h,- come a town of gn-at commercial importance. I '''"P'^^'" '•" tennination of the New York & Krie lUilroad. which is 409 .n.le. olg nn.l the most in.portant road iu the country, connecting I "ir^ Krie ilirectly with the Atlantic at New \ ork, and is a great tlwrouehfare for passengers. The Lake road, via hrie, Cleve^jiid, Noiwalk, and Tole.lo, pusses through this place, also, to Buffalo. Thns un i.ing the two ends nf the lake in iron bonds and opening a wnte route for travel. The prospects of Dunkirk, under these circumstances, are very flattering. t contains 3 ch"r », »" academy, 20 ston.s, two or three mihs, and a popula lo. of 1000 Buffalo, county seat of Erie county. New York. Is sttuated at th" head of Niagara river, on Lake Erie, and »t /he western termU. sof tl e Erie canal, iu latitude 42° 53' north, lo"elt«d« f we" from Washington. It is 304 miles from Albany, and 445 from New York. It was originally laid out by the Holland tngeous position of the place arrested the attention of Bettlers, and tlie town began .o grow with increased rapidity. In 1825, h. Eh,e C ANAL wi«. opened; and from this "^e Buffdo dates «)^ commeftcen..nt of her prosperity. J''« P^P^'^'^^'g^sf ^^ ^ 2,412; in 1835. 15.661; in 1845, 29.773; and in »»"• *"^ Buffa 0. from its situation, commandi a fine view of Lake Erie. [iKEAT LAKKS. 1, nnd coiiiity-ofRneii, tii« Erl* hi'H, tho Kfiil Hoii»e, II R|>leiiilid iiisi-, mi iiciiilfiiiy, Bi'vpriil inilli of Btori's iiml II poiiiiliitioii of iihicr wrri' Comtiiodoro IVrry r-itory to his cngiiK.MiiPiit with .'111! tli'cl wiiH liroiiglit ill hi'r(> 1 of till- flag-sliip I.iiwrpiii'e nr« ^. I'iocfH an coiiHliuitly bj'ihj; tliin ini'iiioruhUi pveiit. Stciim- tiiiil pliU'cs on til'! Iftl;e. SlHgej ivlviiiii:i, nii-l curs for niiffulo, ''I'lin Luke-»ii»re road, coniuct- g llirough Lrit.'. A road is also ;e Erie, In Chatauqne county, filla(;(-, deHtined, at Home future ion and excellent hiirhor, to h«- 1 iinportaiicis This plact^ h the ^.rie Ituiiroad, which is 4G9 tr.iled Mid ill the country, connecting itic ot New Yorlt, and is a greiit e Luke road, via Erie,Clevelund, jugh this place, also, to Buffalu. ■ lake in iron bonds and opening •ospects of Dunkirk, under these g. It contains 3 churi-hes, an mills, and a population of 1000 e county, New York, Is situated 1 Lake Erie, aad at the western itudo 42° 53' north, longitude 2= G4 miles from Albany, and «* rinally laid out by the Holland progress of the setilement wm 1812, when it became u military ■ rapid increase. The next year. l>y tlie British and Indians, who vith the exception of two. After •ecan again to prosper, the adran- fsted the attention of settlers, and ncreased rapidity. In 1825, he from this time Buffalo dates the iv. The population in 1825, wu 7i 29,773; and in 1851. 50000. manda a fine view of Lalw t"*- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) I 1.0 I.I tii jm |2.5 ■^ 1^ 12.2 ^ U£ 111112.0 MJ£ 111.25 III 1.4 m < 6" — ► «i' -t-li ■4. Photographic Sciences Corporation \ ^ ,v 4 ■s$ o 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MStO (716) 872-4S03 '^ "^^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques ROCTX OF THE ORBAT LAKKS. t88 Niagara river, and the surrounding countrv. The stre.. " are generally broad and regular; many of them being 100 feet wide. There are three public squares — those ouses of large cities, whose delightful bowers afford a pleasant retreot to the dust weary in- habitants. Tile public buildings and institutions of various kinds, are a court-house, jail, and county offices, 4 markets, 30 churchen, for the various denoniiuutions of ]3aptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Episcopal, German Protentant, Methodist Protestant, Uoiversalist, Unitarian, Lutheran, Bethel, Roman Catholic, and African: thero are also 2 orphan asylums, a (heater, several banking houses, an academy, 50 public, and a number of private schools. There is also a Young Men's Association, having a library of over 6,000 volumes. The harbor of Buffalo is formed by the mouth of Buffalo creek, and is considered one of the best on the lake. It is from 14 to 16 feet deep, and has been extensively improved by the general government. There has been a pier constructed of wood and stone, extending 1,500 feet from the mouth of the creek, upon the end of which is a light-house, 20 feet in diameter at the base, and 40 feet high. The accumulation of ice, arising from the frequency of westerly winds on the lake, is a serious inconvenience to the commerce of Buffalo; and it is sometimes several weeks after the lake is clear, before the harbor is unobstructed. Buffalo may be termed the great gate between the East and West, through which most of the trade passes. In connection wiih its lake navigation, it has communication with Albany both by a cunul and railroad, and with Boston by a continuous chain of railroads, 525 milss long, with New York city dir^jct, by Buffalo and New York city railroad, connecting with New York &. Erie road at Hornellsville; also with Black Rock, Niantra Fallf), and Lewistown; with Cincinnati and St. Louis, via the Lake-shore road, passing through Dunkirk, Erie, PainesviUe, Cleveland, Nor- wulk, and '1 oledo, thus making a winter route around the lake, and affording means of rapid communication from one end of it to the other during the suspension of navigation; and opening a direct and continuous line of railroad communication from Buf< falo to Chicago, via the Southern Michigan road. There is alMO a roud under contract from Bufihio to Detroit direct, through Can- ada. The cars upon the Albany & Buffalo, and the New Yolic city roads leave several times daily, thus affording means of rapid transit between these cities and Boston. Steamboats leave Buffalo daily for Erie, Cleveland, Sandusky, Detroit, .Chicago, and all iutarmediato points of importance oa the gKiit chain of lakes. 186 ROUTE OF THK HIAOARA RIVKR. ROUTE OF THE NUQARA EIVER. -^ Nlaeara River, connecting Lake Erie wllli Lake Ontario, and forming ti.e outlet of four of the five great American lake,, is -M miles long, from 40 to 60 feet deep, and has a c"rre^t (.nde- peudent of the Falls.) of about four miles an hour. At "8 head I Tabout three-fourth, of a mile wide; but after a course of about ten miles, it widens, and flowing in two d.stmct f «»"^ |'./»7' Beveral islands, the largest of which is Grand Island. 12 miles long, and from two to seven miles wide, and reaching wilh.n on« and a half miles of the Falls. Navy Island, the next in miportance, If much smaller; aud the others are all very small. Fort Erie, situated on the west side of Niagara river, nearly opposite Buffalo, is a place of interest to the reader of American History. On the 13th of August, the American troops under the command of General Gaines, being encamped at Fort E"". ''«'« attacked by « British force numbering nearly twice as many m the Americans. Fort Erie at this time was not in reality a fort, but merely an encampment. afTordir.g the Americans no particular advantage, with regard to position or defense, more t/'f ' »" "P"" field. The following account we abridge from a detail ot tne battle, in Frost's Remarkable Evf.nts in the Histom of AmeHica, by an officer who was engaged in the conflict : "On the eTening of the fourUonth, General Oalnes harlng obienred some signa of an appronching visit ftom the enemy, put his force in the best slto* tlon for giving them a proper reception. "Agreeably to theordem of the Britifh general, the attack was organiieU into three coTumn.. The first, consisting of detachni.nts to the amount of thl.-te«n hanrtred men, was placed under the command of Lieutenant Coloiicl Kicher, of the King's regiment. Seven hundred picked me a, nndur Lieutenant Colonel Drummond, composed the second or center cf.umn. And the one hundred and third regiment, amounting to upward of eight hundred men, under the command of Colonel Scott, constituted the third. The pointo against which these columns were to move, wen^ respectively the left flank, tho fort, and the line between the fort and the lake ; and the time fixed for the enU-rprisc was an early hour on the morning of the fifteenth. Accordingly, about an hour and a half before day, tho approach of au enemy was diiooT- ered on the road west of Towson's battery, and immediately after, the lines on that quarter were furiously a«.aulted by the enemy's first or «i«ond column. The tnfantry of our left, consisted at tho Umc, of the twenty-tlrat nsta)i«M> under the commuid of Major Wood, of tie engineers; who inatanOy tow up his lit charg< from t sustaii for a thoiigl ci>nUn "Th of the by the and li distiD( from t Dfatta of deff tiecanii of the andth ton's a altogel men. the ob to hesi and th mingli tho en enemy had a] places meant to dis bowev "Th batter bastioi about some I those I "Th Intren two f( days. pltMi 1 lRA rivkr. ROUTE OF THE KIAOARA RIVER. 187 3ARA EIVER. ike Erie with Lake Ontario, five great American lakes, pp.and l>as a current (inde- iles an liour. At Its head it but after a course of about wo distinct channels, forms Grand Island, 12 miles long, d reaching within one and I, the next in importance, if rery small. side of Niagara river, nearly t to the reader of American American troops under the ncamped at Fort Erie, were g nearly twice as many as lie was not in reality a fort, the Americans no particular defense, more than an open bridge from a detail of the ENTS IN THE HlSTOM Ot igcd in the conflict : r»l Oalnes baring ob»enred some oy, put bin force in the boat Bitn* gener»l, Ibe attack wait organlxeU of detachnii'iits to tbe amount of 10 commanil of LiBUtenant Colouel ired picked me o, under Ueutenant or center Cf .umn. And the on» » upward of eight hundred men, >n«t;tutcd tbe third. The pointo wen! respectively the left Hank, tho 1 lake ; and the time fixed for the ing of the fifteenth. Accordingly, approach of an enemy wa» dlicoT- y, and immediately after, the Une« the enemy's first or second oolumn. time, of the twenty-flnt nsiqient, t engineen; who instanUr drew up r bis line in the space between the battery and the water, and receired tbe charge in a style suited to Its impetuosity Cheeked by a seasonable volley from this corps, and a shower of )(rap« from Tnwscin's artillery, the enemy sustained tbeccnflict Imt a few minutes, and fell baik In consolidate bis ranks for a second atti^nipt. This, however, proved equally unsuccessful; and though it was followed up by a succession of desperate charges, our column ounlinued firm until the enemy was in a condition no longer to givo battlu. "The firing had in some measure subsided on tbe left, when the approach of the columns under Lieutenant Colonels Drummond and Scott was anounced by the fire of our picket-guard in a ravine at a small CIstanoe from our right; and In less than a minute afterward tbe direction of tbe two was plainly distingnisbable, by the voice of their officers— one of them appearing to move from the ravine toward tbe fort, and tbe other rapidly approaching its point Df attack by tbe margin of the lake. This flank was In a very inefficient stats of defense, and as this circumstance was doubtless known to the enemy, it tiecawe doubly necessary to make timely resistance. Accordingly, the first of the two was promptly met by the fire from the salient bastion of the fort, and the musketry on its right and left, that on its right, consisting of Bough- ton's and Harding's volunteers, and that on the left, of tbe ninth regiment; altogether making perhaps one hundred and sixty or one hundred and seventy men. Tbe night was exceedingly dark; but as near as wo could judge through the obscurity, the last column did not continue long advancing — it seemed to faesttate at fifty orsixty yards distance — remained stationary for a minute, and then began to recoil. At this critical moment, loud and repeated threats, mingled with much confusion, announced the unwelcome intelligence that tho enemy had been successful In carrying the bastion. The leader of the enemy's column was killed, and nearly all bis party cut to pieces, tK'fore it hod approached near enough to place its ladders, or avail itself of tbe open places in our line. Such was the result of the attack at tills point. In the meantime day had broken, and tbe enemy, notwithstanding several attempts to dislodge him, was still in possession of tbe contested bastion, which, however, he derived no advantage from. "The column of Colonel Scott being now routed, tbe guns of the Douglas* battery were so directed as to cut oil all communication between theoontested bastion and tbe eneuiy's reserve — and a party of desperate fellows were about to rush In and finish the work, when a spark twing communicated by some means to an ammunition chest under tbe platform, tbe bastion, with those in It, were blown into tbe air together. "This ended the fight for tbe time being, and the enemy retired to prepare Intrenchments. Tbe Ainc^ricans also were strengthening their defenses. The two forces thus lay within two miles of each other, for the space of thirty days. The time was occupied in skirmishes, but no decided «Bg>gement took place unta the 17th of September. ..w/ m» ■ '. _„~> ,ii>trihutcd to the different corpi .. AccorainglT, on thi, date, "f ;'^7;^,^ "^^h tnl-n'tion. .nd b, x««lT of the Americau force,, to ""PP'^ f^';';;';„, „, ^wo o'dock P. M., of th. to march. The order «»«;«" y"*^!^^ ";„,„„.„,, „„a„ Uenor.U Port.r .a^eday.tho army heU,« formed " " ;,; \;7^,,„,e„a upon the enemy. „a .Miner, m.^ o»t ° ;-7P^^f:l',':;i,,e'»'y th Great Britain. The Brit.sh lerals Druminond and Ryan, i^ed during the neninsular war, n numbers far exceeded the tlie British formed their plan their own grouud-an open Bliicle stump was to M seen, The battle ended In • complete victory on the part of the American forces; and such wa« tlie discomfiture of the em-my, that nothing could imiuco them to trv the fate of another buttle. The most ol tliis battle was fought bv BriBBdier General Scott, the distiiiguisUai hero of Lerro Gordo and Chapultepic. No battle during the war, could be more satinfactory to American valor than the battle of Chippewa. The advantages were all with the British. Their troops were all regulars; ours, part regulars and part volunteers. Theirs, were •he heroes of an hundred battles ; ours, new recruits, who had Karce ever handled a inusket. The ground too was of their own choosing, as well as the time of engaging. Yet we see them most siirnullv defeated; and in view of this, there can be but one opinion; and that is, that the superior intelligence which characterizes the American soldier, will always triumph over the mere anwnal courage of the European. Niasnra Falls, a small village in Niagara county, situated at the Falls of Niagara, and at the termination of the Buffalo and Niaiiara Falls railroad. It contains two or three churches, 8 hotels, several Sthools, half a dozen mills, about lo stores, and a population of 1,000. This village derives its interest from lU proximity to nature's great master-peice of grandeur and sublimity. Niasara Falls, over which flows the greatest body of fresh water ou the face of the globe, is justly cousidercd the most maenlficent cataract In the world. The sight of this vast sheet of water, at once inspires the beholder with feelings of admiration mlnuled with awe; and the mind Is deeply imbued with lofty conceptions of the beauty and grandeur of natures works. There are many cataracts having a greater perpendicular hight than Niaeura, but none that discharges such an immense volume of water, and Is accompanied by such sublime and varied scenery. The roar of this mighty fall of water can be distinctly heard, no'der favorable circumstances, for a distance of 15 miles ; and the firm earth may be felt to tremble as though palsied by the apprehension of another deluge. . .,- The Falls are divided by a small island containing about 7.' acres, called Goat Island. The divisions are termed respectively the American, and Canada Falls. On the American side, the perpen- dicular fall Is greater than ou the other ; but the quantity of water discharged is much the largest ou the Canada side. It has been estimated that seven-eights of the water discharged is on the Canada side of Goat Island A bridge connecting Goat Island with the main land on the American side has been constructed, from which the visitor may gaze at the foaming waters hurrying onwftrd into the abysB below. ri-^^-<-y^ >.• -r BOUTK OF THK NIAGARA MVK». 190 th«l of the C«nadi..n. «'"» „^" 'f j ^^^ rutire F»lU ut one li.ne, 1 5ri feet. The hest v.ew obtau.e.l of the u ^^^^^ g,^^„ U fro... Tublo R^^f\^^''Zttc^llioixZ''Oixnt of lU great depth, for vessels of ^he large" «''^'»^*^^; ,5,^3 all the others, abounds ,, «ldom obstructed by celh^sWe«Jj ^^^^^ Uke, though not so la myriads of hsh. \ "«^'*'JI"'" ,, considerable. Hundreds of extensive as that -^ 1^^« ^^ JA ''loujh their way through lU vesseU and steamers """'''j'^^/weit to various porU In New waters, bearing tlie produce of the we. ^^^ ^J ^^ ^^^ York and Canada. It »« J*"""*""^ j^er. This lake Is gener- Oswego and Erie canals and H„^^^ ^^^ ^ak, Erie, idly smooth, and U far less I aow '" ^.^^ ^„t^ Toronto, the Prt'^'P»'j»'?!2*jSi fto Inhabltwit.. It i. .Uuated on Toronto Bay .and has '^^^^'^^ ^^^.i,, tr«le. o the I of a eoi Itls 81 uate rio. the( falo three attac was Gen< Ihel ham H and the harb of 1< Di Brlti cana ■dm k- ,T LAKH* ROCTB or TBI ORXAT LAKES. 193 aid our country ag^a »>• CO of arnw, we shall have coTT huB coinmaud of hor gara river, one mile from w York, U a amall village inada, U dlrectiy oppoalte )f Niagara river, la a place ncldeuts which have trana- , by the enemy, and again 3 many legend, connected lowever, we have not apace LEAT LAKES, ) 1 last of the great chain of ea long, 55 mile, brwul, and deep. Its altitude l» 331 feet Bchargea iu watera lnU» the Lawrence. It U navigable III account of lU great depth, lie, like all the others, abound* of this lake, though not *o I considerable. Hundreda of loueh their way through lU West to varloua porU In New «i with the Atlantic, by the >n river. Thia lake to gener- I atorma than Lake Erie, wrclal city of Canada Weat, ) about 20,000 Inhabitant* It 8 a large and extenalve trade, d preaenU a fine appearance. M to the north-eaat of Toronto, n in Canada Weit. ^ andaor, also on the lake ibore, | noilaeaaWlndior. ^ OSWCffO, situated on both iide« of the OaweRO river, and at the northern termination of the Oswego cnnal, is the connty-aeat of Oswego county. New York. It is a flourishing place, having a good harbor, and contaliiK 6 churches, and 4000 inhabitanta. It ia connected by railroad with Albany and Bnifalo at Syracuse. Sackctt'S Harbor, JefTerson county. New York, ia ait- uated on the south-west side of Dlack Kiver Bay, on Lake Onta- rio. The harbor is one of the best'on the lake, and the trade of the town is considerable. It is connected with Albany and Buf- falo railroad by a branch unitiue at Rome. It contains two or three churches, and about 20()0 inhabitants. This village waa attacked by the British on the 39th of May, 1B13. Their force waa greatly superior to the Americans, who were commanded by General Brown. After a hard-fought battle of several hours, the British were compelled to retreat, leaving the victory in the hands of the Americans. Kingston, aituated at the north-east end of Lake Ontario, and at the head of the river St. Lawrence, is, next to Toronto, the principal city of Canada West. It has a large commodioua harbor, is neat and tastefully laid out, and contains a population of 10,000. During the war of 1812, it was the chief naval station of the British lake fleet. It is connected with Bytown by the Rideau canal, and has a good harbor and dock yard. The canal will admit veasels of 125 tons burden. I mm mmsr. —