^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) %// 4 ^ A ^: V CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. OHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquss ■.:siiS- S-,.,.l ■p Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes t^chniquaa at bibliographiquaa The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographicaliy unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checlced below. L'Institut a microfilm* ie meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a AtA possible de oe procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont oeut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibiiographique, qui peuvent modifier une imape reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger una modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. G Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ D D D D D / Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurte et/ou pellicul6e I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque |~n Coloured maps/ Cartes g6ographiques en couleur Coiourec^ init (i.e. other than blue or biacic)/ Encre da couleur (i.e. autre que blei^e ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr§e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion la long de la marge IntArieure Blanit leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es tors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 fiimies. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires: Cover date is 1896. D D D D D n Coloured pages/ Papas de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurtes et/ou peilicui^es Pages discoloured, stained ar foxed/ Pages d^colortes, tachetAes ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages ditachtes Sho'wthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualiti in^gaie de I'impression Includes supplementary materia!/ Comprend du materiel supplimentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscu<;cies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., 3nt 6t6 filmdee A nouveau de fagon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film6 au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-dessous 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X XX J 12X 16X • 20X , , 24X .;...i„.C:, ,.:^' . 28X 32X f^m The copy filmtd h«r« has b—n raproducad thanks to the ganai'oaity of: Ntw Brumwiek MuMum Saint John L'oxamplaira film* fut raproduit gri&i k la gtnArotitA da: Ntw Bruntwick IMuMum Saint John The imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and laglbility of tha original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Las images suivantes ont 4tA raproduites avac la plus grand soin. compta tenu de ia condition at de la nattet* de i'exempiaire film*, et en conformity avac las conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies In printed paper covers are filmed beginr^ing with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or Illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplalres origlnaux dont ia couverture en pepier est imprimte sont fiimis en commenpant par la premier plat et en terminant soit par ia darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impresslon ou d'lllustratlon, soit par la second plat, salon la cas. Tous les autres exemplalres origlnaux sont fiimis en commenpant par ia premiers page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impresslon ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "t-ND"}, Wiiichever applies. Un des symbcles suivants apparaltra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon ie cas: la symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", Ie symbole ▼ signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction difftrents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grsnd pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est film6 A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre d'images nAcessalra. Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i4 ^ .f^T^ ^'f%t . « * ■ . i .M i t imi>mi$llt Six Thousand Quotations from Standard Histories and ^ogr^|i|iks «' % 4*' 01-A 'ii& WttHWVWLtT THOUSAND CROSSJ^EFERENGES, AND A CTNERAL hmm, ALSO AN INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES j» i j» jl j» ^ ^ j* ^ *^IC •'■*^. « COMPILED BV- 1^^ ,,:<;t^:|*r M. LITTLE V, •"■ '>*f' tl-**^ -■ € C. »Ji i-'''-^:m$tJ-<::m No. /7 . / • t'*? 1 \ The Choice of ''Just the Riglit Word " To Make the Desired Meaning Clear and Exact- To Make a Contrast Sharp and Strongf< JD THB ONLY BOOK OF IIS KIND. English Synonyms, ^^ dt Antonyms, and Prepositions The Chief Synonyms of the English Lan- guage» Numbering About 7,000» are Presented With an Especial Nicety of Discrimination, A Lar g e List of Antonyms is Also Given» To- gether With Prepositions and Their Proper Use* Edited by REV. JAMES C FERNALD, Editor of Synonyms, Antonyms, and Prepositions Department of the "Standard Dictionary." ,^^^ ^_ . ^ ^L^,-— -^ I « A Book Which Will Broaden the User^s Vocabulary. Your Choice of Delicate Shades of Meaning A Good Book of Synonyms is to the Writer What tlie Palette is to the Painter. Such a Book Comes to your Aid When in Doubt, or at a Loss for Just the Right Word, and Gives You a Variety of the Best to Choose from. How to Draw the Best Contrast In Comparison and Contrast, the Choice of Many Opposite Words is often Essential to the Strength, Clearness, and Beauty of the Syntax. A Large List of Antonyms is tr us Nearly as Necessary as One of Synoi a. A Valuable and Original System of Arrangement Taking one word in each group as the basis of comparison, Mr. Pernald defines this clearly and then he proceeds to show how the other words agree with or dili'er from it; thus the whole group is held to one fixed point. iznio, Clotb, 564 pp. Price #1.50 net. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, NEW YORK. i ■ ,' '^.^ ^, ■^'****w^ l^Ts:: :"*':^.-. >^,_l-' l-i«;.. ^r;^!!^^ I,-' '. r-i "4^-nj-' HISTORICAL LIGHTS. "■« i» ■^i. f '" ""\'s*'-''*mL jV"^-^*'.--! 4-1 I' ;«;" y'^ -^ TWO VALUABLE REFERENCE BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR OF "HISTORICAL LIGHTS." Cyclopedia of Classified Dates. A READY REFERENCE COMPENDIUM OF NOTABLl EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF ALL COUNTRIES, FROM B.C. 5004 TO A.D. 1895. .:• .:• The histories of about 130 countries are digested, and the events of ancient, modem, and recent times, dated, and all geographically classifled, and both chronologically ' and topically arranged. The worlc is the result of several years of diligent labor and research, and is the only volume in existence which furnishes an epitome of the history of every country down to 1895. The unique feature of this book is that by which quiclc reference is facilitated and a general purview with the notable trend of history is observed ; namely, the classifica- tion of the events of the civilized world under seven general topics, as Army and Navy, Art, Science and Nature, Births and Deaths, Church, Letters, Society, and State ; and these topics are always arranged on two opposite pages. All the dates relate to the same years, or parts of years, and all the dates of the same period are brought together before the eye at once— an arrangement by which a comparison of parallel events in any department of history may be readily made, and the side-lighta of any event examined and studied. The student of Politics, Science, Religion, and Church History, Sociology, Art, Law, Medicine, or of any of the Professions or Industries of civilization, or of the known events of barbarous peoples, will here find abundant and accessible historical data. Quarto, x,3oo pages. Cloth, Price $7.50. Biblical Lights and Side Lights. A CYCLOPEDIA OF TEN THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS AND THIRTY THOUSAND CROSS-REFERENCES, CON- SISTING OF FACT, INCIDENT, AND REMARKABLE DECLARATIONS TAKEN FROM THE BIBLE. .:■ For the use of those in every profession who, for illustrative purposes, desire ready access to the numerous incidents and striking statements contained in the Bible — students, teachers, public speakers, lawyers, ministers, and others, as also for the family library. " ' Biblical Lights and Side Lights ' Is a specially nseful t>ook. It ranks next to a Concordance. . . . Mr. Little's work is a great success."— if«». C. H. Spurgeon. " We have never seen a work on Bible reference so thoroughly systematized. . . . Admirably arranged. TOPICS ARE TAKEN FROM THE DEMANDS OF RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCE, ART, SOCIAL LIFE, AND POLITICS. . . . HAS GRFAT VALUE FOR EDUCATED PERSONS IN EVERY CALLING. "-iVovi;li:6tti-o; l»,v HISTORICAL LIGHTS SIX THOUSAND QUOTATIONS FROM STANDARD HISTORIES AND BIOGRAPHIES, WITH TWENTY THOUSAND CROSS-REFERENCES, AND A GENERAL INDEX, ALSO AN INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES. W I ■ .1 \ TMXaM MXTBAOTB CONSIST VUIEFLY OF FACTS AND INCIDENTS. TUEY ARE DEBtONMO FOR TEOBE WHO DESIRE READY ACCESS TO THE EVENTS, THE LESSONS AND TBS PREC- EDENTS OF HISTORY, IN THE PREPARATION OF ADDRESSES, ESSAYS AND SERMONS, ALSO IN PLEADING AT THE BAR, IN DISCUSSING POLITICAL ISSUES, AND IN WRITING FOR THE PRESS. COMPILED BY Rev. CHARLES E. LITTLE, Author of " Biblieal Lights and Side-Lighta.' •* Bxamin« HUtory, for it ia Philosophy teaching by fSxperie '<*." — Carltlh. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY Toronto LoRsoir New York r r Entwed, according to Act of ronj;ress. in the jcur 188fl, Iw KUNK & \VA(iN.M.I>. I& tlic Olllco of tlic Librarian of Couitress iit WasliiiiijtiMi, 1). 0. P n E F A O E \\ Historical itatcmontfl awaken in the avora«?e mind an interest which proven the existence of a hidden element in them, that does not pertain to a more record of facts. The niarveis of history, and its prosy facts as well, not oidy attest the oneness of human nature and the unity of human experience, hut they also forecast a shadowy premonition of coming events. 1'his tliought has found its graceful expression in the words of a (Jernum writer, who says : " All history is an imprisoned epic — nay, an imprisoned psalm and prophecy." While historical statements address our curiosity for knowledge, they also stimulate the imagination to give realistic coloring to the picture presented to the mind. Hence it is that historical fields will ever prove chosen grounds for reference L-nd illustration by those who address the public. This volume is the outgrowth of certain lines of historical readings, originally designed for the author's personal benefit, and to aid in the preparation of sermons and addresses. After nearly twenty-five years of rejuling and brief indexing of interesting facts and incidents, a mtvss of quotations has accumulated, and under the natural law of selection this volume represents the "survival of the fittest." It is not presumed that the field of selection is exhausted, or that omissions ha'^o not been made of numerous interesting statements. Many lengthy selections have been excluded by the plan of the book, which permits only brief extracts. It is merely claimed that a largo class of historical facts and fancies which have aided the compiler in his work are in this ready reference form offered by the j)ublishei8 to others who may value historical allusions and quotations in addressing the public either by the pen or the voice. This collection is both religious and secular in its character, and the quotations are especially fitting the needs of preachers, pleaders in court, political speakers, essayists in schools, and writers for tno press. It is also claimed that the topical arrangement of these quotations, and the extensive cross-reference index, and the index of personal names will greatly facilitate their use by requiring only a brief search to find them, and making a previous rec- ollection of the passages unnecessary. In this way they nuiy supply in a large measure the lack of a ready memory to those who are unable to recall historical facts and incidents, or have forgotten the volume in which they may be found. They may be equally serviceable to those who have but little opportunity for historical readings. These quotations are taken from standard historied and biogra- phies, and chiefly relate to the early civilized races and the American and English peoples. Those taken from the Iioly Scriptures have been published in a volume by themselves, entitled ''Biblical Lights and Side Lights.*' It has been the aim of the compder to present each quotation complete in itself, so that it may not be necessary to examine the authority quoted ; yet each may bo verified by the reader and the connections studied by following the reference which concludes each article. The articles quote the exact words of the various authors, except where otherwise expressed by brackets. The title, catchword and compiler's addendum, in brackets, will usually so complete the meaning of the quotation that it will not be necessary to make further examination of the historical connec- tions. When more information is desired, it may frequently be found in the large cyclopaedias by those who have not at hand the authorities to which reference is made. A list of authorities quoted in this volume may be found on another page. ' r w ■•;! East Orange, N. J., November 3, 1885. Charles E. Little. T^ INDEX OF AUTHORS. ACTIIORS. TITI-K8. ABBOTT, JOim 8. 0.. Illatory of Napoleon Bonaparte. ARNOLD. THOMAH Hannibal. BAKKIt, MAMUBL W In tli« Heart of Africa. BANOKOFT, OKO llUtory wl' the United Htatea., flrcli. BLAINK, JAMR8 O Twrnty Vvars of CongreM. Vol. I. BOSWRLL. JAMK8 Life of ■amut.l Jolineon, U.D. HUNSKN . martin Luthrr. CAHI.YLK, TUOMAS Robert Hurna. " ** HIatory of the French Revolution. 4 vota. * " Frederick the »reat. 4 vuln. •' " Ooethe. OrtKAST Firteen Declalve Battle* of the W^orld. CtTSTIS, QBO. W. P Recollection* and Private Rlemolni af Wa*hlnutou. 'i\oU. DOWDEN, PHOP Sonthcy. FAHUAIl, CANON Barly Day* of OhrUtlanltr. KOKBKS, AHCilIUALD Chlneee Mordon. FROl DK, JAMK8 ANTHONY Cw«ar. " ' " John Bunyan. GIBBON. ROWARD The Decline and Fall of the BcMsa Empire. voU. GREBN, J. R Larser History of the BnslUh People. KOWI,ER, THOMAS Locke. HEADLEY, J. T Llle and Travel* of Oen'>ral Grant. HOOD, PAXTON lilfe 0/ from well. HUTTON, R.H Sir Walter >»cott. IRVING, WASHINGTON Life of ChrUtopher Columbu*. 4to1s. " liire of Ooldamlth. KNIGHT, CHAKLBS The Popular Hlatory of Enffland. BTola. LAMARTINB, ALPH0N8B DB Oliver Cromwell. " " Mary <|ueen of SeoUi. " " Turkey. LESTER, EDWARDS C Life of Peter Cooper. " " " lilfe of Sam Houston. MAOAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON HUtory of Buffland. S vote. " " " Life of Frederick the Great. " " " IVIUlam Pitt. " " •' Illllton. MICHBLET, JULES Joan of Arc. MORLEY, JOHN Burke. MORRISON, J.O Gibbon. MiJLLER,MR8 Llle of Georfe nittller. MYERS, J lirord*worih. NOBTOr FRANK H... Life of Alexander H. Stephens. PARTON, JAMES Brief Bloftraphle*. L . i '\ 111 i ^,4^' Tl INDEX OF AUTllOHS. Brief BiographieB Include the following names: Ad*iM, John. Crockett, David. Iludgon, Henry. Peel, Sir Robert. Atumi, Vrt. John. D'Albuquerqiie, Alphonne. Irving, Washington. Peter the Great. Adama. Samnei. Davy, 81r Hnmpliry. .T.ickion, Audrew. His Pl«arro,Prance80«. Alfonao I of Portnga!. Tocatur, Death of Com. MarriaRe. Pocahontas. Ar!4tof)e. iM c hamplaln, Samuel. Jefferson, Thomas. Poe, Edgar Allan. Ark Wright, Richard. Dlas, Bartholomew. Jefferson at Home, Thoa. Qnincy, Joslah. Arnold, Benedict. Douglas, Stephen A. Jerome, Channcey. Rothschild, Mal«r. Andnbon Drake, Sir Francis. .Tones, Paul. Ramford, Connt. Anrellns, Marcus. Faraday. Michael. Knoi, Henry. Sllllman, Prof. Bismarck, Prince. Fitch, Poor John. La Fayette. Shakespeare, What Is Bolivar. Problsher, Sir Martin. Law, John. Known of. Bryant, Wr.i. Cnllea. Franklin, Benjamin. Lawrence, James. Sidney, Algernon. Byron, n«rly Life of Lord, franklin, Sir John. Louis Philippe In the U. S. Sparka, Jared. Bnrr, Aaron, Fulton, Robert. Madison'a Married Life, Sutter, John A. Cabot, SebasUan. Qadleo. Prest. Virgil. The Poet Cartler, Jacqnes. Garibaldi. Magalhaens, Fernando. Voltaire and Catharine of OatoB, The Two. Goodyear, Charles. Mathew, Father. Russia. Charieaxn. Gustavus HI. Milton, The Poet. Washington at Home. Colburn, Zerith. Hahnemann, Doctor. Mo«e, Professor. Washington, Inwiguration Copernlcns, Nicholan. Hamilton, Alexander. Morton, Dr. W. T. G. of. Confnclua. Hargreaves, Jaotes. Mott, Dr. Valentine. Ward, Artemus. Cook, Captain. Harvard, John. Newton, Sir Isaac. Watt, James. Cooper, Fenlmore. Howard, John. Palraurston, Lord. Webster, DanleL Cooper, Peter. Horace, The Poet. Parry, Sir William. Whitney, BU. Cortez, Hernando. Howe, Ellas. Pascal, Blaise. Yale, Elihu. PATTISON, MARK Milton. PLUTARCH Plu«arcli»« Lives. Including the Uvea of the following peraor ifemlllus, Panlus. Caco the Younger. GracchnB, Tlber.u-. Phllopfflmeii. Agesl'ans. Cicero. Gracchus, Calus. Pyrrhua. A, Is. Cimon. Lycurgus. Phoclon. Alclbladea. Cleomenea. Lysander. Pompey. Alexander. Corlolanus, Caius Marclua. Luculli s Romulus. Antony. Crassus, Marcus. Marins, Cnius. Sertorius. Aratns. Demosthenes. Marcellus. Solon. Aristldes. Demetrius. Nicias. Sylla. .Artaxerxea. Idon. Numa. Theseus. Brutus. Bumenes. Otho. Themlatoclee. Caesar. JnUus. Fablus Maxlmus. Publlcola. Tlmoleon. Camillus. Flaminius, Titus Qulntins. Pericles. 'Jato the Censor. Gblba. Pelopidas. RAYMOND, HENRY J Life and Public Services of Abraliam Lincoln. REIN, WILLIAM Life of Martin Luther. RIDPATJI, JOHN CLARK Popular HUtory of the United Statea. ROLLIN, CHARLES Ancient Hlntory. SMILES, SAMUEI Brief Blographlea. Biographies of the following persons: Anold, Dr. Combe, Dr. Andrew. Hook, Theodore. Poe, Edgar Allan. Andubon, .lohn James. Disraeli, Benjamin. Hunt, Leigh Stephenson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth B. Gladstone, Wm. Ewart. Lytton, Sir EdwardBulwer. Carlyle, Thomas. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Millor, Hugh. SCHILLER, JOHANN C. F. VON Hintory of the Thirty Vears* Wa. . SHAIRP, PRINCIPAL Burns. SMITH, GODWIN Cowper. STEPHEN, LESLIE Pope. STODDARD, RICHARD HENRY Life of Washlnston IrvlnK. SYMONDS, J. A Shelley. Tr.oLLOPE, ANTHONY Thackeray. TTNDALL, JOHN Count Rumford. TYT.>^.ER, ALEXANDER F rnlversal History. WAW), A. W Chancer. <11 HISTORICAL LIGHTS. ■.ABANDONMENT, Inhuman. Mooleim. Thit rapine of the. Carmathians [a fanatical Turkish sect] was sanctified by their aversion to tlie worehip of Mecca ; they robbed a caravan of pilgrims, and tM-enty thousand devout Moslems were abandoned on the burning sands to a death of hunger and thirst. — Gibbon's Rome, cli. 52. iC. ABANDONMENT, A mortifying. Jip. T. Hall. The infamous Timothy llalT, who had distinguished himself among the clergy of Lon- don by reading the declaration (issued by James II. to supplant the Protestant faith], was re- warded with the bishopric of Oxford. . . . Hall came to his see ; but the canons of his cathedral refused to attend his installation ; the university refused to create him a doctor ; not a single one of the academic youth applied to him for holy or- ders ; no cap was touched to him ; and in his palace he found himself alone. — Macaulay'b HiBTORY OF England, ch. 9. 3. ABILITEE8 misapplied. Frederick II. atul Voltaire. [France sent Voltaire to negotiate a difficult Hllfance. | The negotiation was of an ex- traordinary description. Nothing can be conceiv- ed mce whimsical than the conferences which took pk^ce between the first literary man and the first practical man of the age, whom a strange weakness had induced to exchange their parts. The great poet would tall' of nothing but treaties and guaranties, and the great king of nothing but metaphors and rhvmes. On one occasion Voltaire put into his Majesty's hand a paper on the state of Europe, and received it back with rerses scrawled on the margin. In secret they both laughed at each other. Voltaire did not spare the king's poems ; and the king has left on record his opinion of Voltaire's diplomacy. — Macaulay's Frederick the Great, p. 39. - 4. ABILITIES, Nomerons. Boman Emp. Jus- tinian. The emperor professed himself a musi- cian and architect, a poet and philosopher, a lawyer and theologian ; and if he failed in the enterprise of reconciling the Christian sects, the review of the Roman jurisprudence is a noble monument of his spirit and industry. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 43. 5. ABILITIES overrated. Pompey. Unfortu- nately he had acquired a position by his nega- tive virtues which was above his natural level, and misled him into overrating his capabilities. So long as he stood by Cuesar he had maintained his honor and his authority. He allowed men ' more cunniiig than himself to play upon his vanity, and Pompey fell — fell amid the ruins of a Constitution which had been undermined by the villainies of its representatives. His end was piteous, but scarcely tragic, for the cause to which he was sacrificed was too slightly re- moved from being ignominious. He was no Phoebus Apollo sinking into tlu^ ocean, sur- rounded with glory. He was not even a brill- iant meteor. He was a weak, good man, whom accident had thrust into a place to which he was unequal ; and ignorant of himself, and unwilling to part with his imaginary great- ness, he was flung down with careless cruelty by the forces which were dividing the world. — FrOUDE's CiBSAR, ch. 23. 6. ABILITIES shown. //; Youth. When Phi- loniciis, theThessalian, offered the horse named Bucephalus in sale to Philip, at the price of thirteen talents, the king, with the prince and many others, went into the field to see some trial made of him. The horse appeared ex- tremely vicious and unmanageable, and was so far from suffering himself to be mounted, that he would pot bear to be spoken to, but turned fiercely upon all the grooms. Philip was dis- pleased, and bade them take him away. But Alexander, who had observed him well, said, "What a horse are they losing, for want of skill and spirit to manage him 1" Philip at first took no notice of this ; but, upon the prince's oft«n repeating the same expression, and show- ing great uneasiness, he said, " Young man, you find fault with your elders, as if you knew more than thfiy, or could manage the horae better." " And I certainly could," answered the prince. " If you should not be able to ride him, what forfeiture will you submit to for your rash- ness ?" "I will pay the j rice of the horse." Upon this all the company laughed, but the king and prince agreeing as to the forfeiture, Alexander ran to the horse, and, laying hold on the bridle, turned him to the sun ; for he had observed, it seems, that the shadow which fell before the horse, and continually moved as he moved, greatly disturbed him. While his fierce- ness and fury lasted, he kept speaking to him softly and stroking him ; after which he gently let fall his mantle, leaped lightly upon his back, and got his seat very safe. Then, without pull- ing the reins too hard, or using either whip or spur, he set him a going. As soon as he per- ceived his uneasiness abated, and that he wanted J T AIUMTIKS— AMSTINHM i; only U> nin, lu; ]>iit liiin in a Tiill ^'allop, iiiid nuHhcd him on liotli with the voice iind npur. Philip und nil his court were in i^rciit (li.slrcsH for him iit first, and a profound silence look place. But when liie ])rince hud turned him and hrought hIinNtrai>,dit hack, thoyaii received him with loud acclamations, except his father, who wept for joy, and, kissing; him, said, " Seek another kin/^doi'n, my son, that may Ix; worthy of thy ahilities ; for Macedonia is loo small for thee. — Pi.t'TAUci.. T. ABILITIES, Uielesi. John hn/ikn. \\v\^n of JnmeH II. The help of Dryth-n was welconie to thoM! lioman Catholic divines who were pain- fvdly mwtiiiinng a conflict apiinst all that was most illuHtrioas in tlu! Established Church. . . . The firHt service which he was rcciuired to perform, in return for his pension, was to de- fend hiH [C»tholi(;] Church in prose ai^ainst Slil- lini^flcet. But the art of saying thinj^s well is usehjss to 11 man who has nothing to say ; and this was Drych'n's ca.se. He .soon found him- self unequally paired with an antagonist whose whole life had heen ciiie long training for controversy. The veteran glai'iator di.sjirmed the novice, inflicted a few contemptuous scratches, and turned iiway to encotmter more fornudahie comlmtnnt,s. — AI.maiii.ay'h E.no., ch. 7. §. ABNEGATION of Self. Mr.rtiii Luther. A.n. 1518. [lie journeyed on foot to meet th(.' pa- pal amhivs-sjidor at Augshurg.] " .My thoughts," ,id he aft«'rward, " on the journey were these : Now I must die ; and often did I renuirk. What a reproach will I he to my parents !" When in the neighborhood of Augsburg Luther was over- come by bodily weariness. Faint-hearfcd friends had often warned him on the way not to enter Augsburg. But in reply to them he said, "In Augsburg, even in the midst of mine enemies, JesuH Christ also reigns. May Christ live, even if Martin should die." — Ukin's Likk ok Lr- TIIKU, ch. 5. 9. ABSENCE condemned. Kituj (icoriic TT. A.D. 17;i6. People of nil ranks were indignant at the king's long slay in Germany [during all the summer and autumn]. On the gate of St. Jame.s' palace this notice was .stuck up : ' ' Lo.st or strayed out of this hou.se a man who has left a wife and six children on the parish. Whoever will give any tidings of him to the church-wardi iis of St. James' parish, so as he may be got again, shall receive four shillings ana sixpence re- ward. — N.B. This reward will not be increased, nobody judging him to deserve a crown." — Knioht'sEno., ch. 6. 10. ABSENCE, Beasonabla. Trial of CharkK IT. The judges assembled in the vast Gothic; hall of Westminster, the palace of the Commons. At the first calling over of the lis if members designed to compose the tribuii; [to try the king], when the name of Fairfax ^^ pronounced without response, a voice from Ik; crowd of .spectators cried out, " He has too much .sense to be here. " When the act of accusation against the king was read, in the name of Ow, people of Enr/- land, the same voice agair replied, "Not one tenth of them 1" The offi^eT commanding the s^ard ordered the soldiers to fire upon the gal- lery from whence these rebellious words jiroceed- led, when it w.-is discovered that tliev had been uttered by Lady Fairfax, the wife of the lord- general. — La.makti.nk's Cm>MWKi,i,, p. 42. 11. ABSOLUTION in Advance. Klemtion of JiiliiiM II. We understand from Burcard, that it was at this time an eshdilished custom for every new iK)pe, immediately after his election, and as the first act of his apo.stolical function, to give; a full absolution to all the cardinals of all the crimes they might thereafter commitof what- < ver nature and degree. — Tvti.ku'h IIiBT. , vol. •c, ch. 14. 12. ABSOLUTION, Costly. I'ulwologus (Mi cliae!;, the usurper of Con.stanlinople, was ex communicated from the Greek Church botaiu.se of cruelty. [See No. i;W5. | The Christian who I had been separated from (}or. Samuel Jnhnmn. A.I). 177H. Talking of drinking wine. A H8TIN KNCl-;- AHL.sk. be Eiiid : " I did not Icuvu ofT wiiio l)oaius(' T could not l)ear if. 1 have drunk three lM)ltlcs of port without lieinj^ the worse for it. Uiiiver- Hitv College hiiH witnessed this." Bohwkm. ; " Why, then, sir, did you ieiive it olT ?" Joiin- HON : " Why, sir, beeuuse it is so nuu^h 'oetter for a mun to be sure that he is never U) lui intoxieal- ed, never to lose the jiower over himself. I rttiall not begin to drink wine till I grow old and want it." BoHWKLi. : "I think, sir, you once said to nic that not to dnnk wine was a great deduction from life." Johnson : " It is a dim- inution of pleasure, to be sure ; but I do not sjiy a diminution of happiness. There is more hap- piness in l)cing rational." — BoHWKMi's .Johnson, p. 800. 15. AB8TINEHCE, Limit of. JMoerne. F6dere states that some workmen buried in a damf) (piarry were extricated alive after a period of fourteen days ; while after the wreck of the Medusa, the sufferers on the nift, exposed to a high temperature and constant exertion, at the end of three days, although thi^y still had a small quantity of wine, were so fitmished that they commenced devouring the dead iKKlies of their companions. Dr. Willan hiis recorded a case in which, under the influence of religious •ielusion, a young man lived sixtv days, talking during that time nothing but a little water fla- vored with orange juice. Di. .Vi'Naughton, of Albany, gives a similar instance, during which a young man lived flfty-four days on water alone. — AUEKICAN CvC, " AhSTINENC'K. " lO. ABSTIKERCE, Fnidential. Dr. Hamuel Johntion. K.n. 1770. Findinghim still persevering in his abstinence from wine, I ventured to speak to him of it. Johnson : " Sir, I have no objec- tion to a man's drinking wine, if he can do it in moderation. I found myself apt to go to excess in it, and therefore, after having iMien for some time without it, on account of illness, I thought it better not to return to it. Every man is to judge for himself, according to the effects whi(^h he experiences. One of the Fathers tells us that he found fasting made him so peevish, that he did not practise it." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 275. 17. ABSTINENCE, Twofold. Greek Emp. Aiidronicua. [Being deposed l)y his grandson] his calamities were jumbittered by the gnidual extinction of sight ; his confinement was ren- dered each day more rigorous ; and during the absence and sickness of his grandson, his inhu- man keepers, by threats of instjuit death, com- pelled him to exchange the purple for the mo- nastic habit and profession. The monk Antony [a^ he was now called] had renounced the pomp of the world ; yet he had occasion for a coarse fur in the winter season, and as wint was for- bidden by his confessor, and water by his phy- sician, the sherbet of Egypt was his common drink. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 63. 16. ABSTINENCE, Vroonscioas. The Poet Slielley. Mrs. Shelley used to send him some- thing to eat into the room where he habitually studied ; but the plate frequently remained un- touched for hours upon a bookshelf, and at the end of the day he might be heard asking, " Mary, Lave I dined ?" — Symonds's Shf.llby, ch. 4. 10. ABSTBACTION, Art of. "Wautcoat But- ton." He had long desired to get above a school - fellow in his cIiish, who defied all his efforts, till .Scott noticed fluit whenever a question was tiHked of his rival, the lad's fingers grasiMid a ])articular button on his waistcoat, while his mind went in search of fhe answer. Hcott a<'cordingly anticipated that if he could n-- move this button, the boy wnuld Imj thrown out, and so it proved. 't\w button was cut off, luid the next tinu; the lad was questioned, his fingers Iteing unable to find the button, and his eyes going in iH!ri)lexed stnirch wiWx his fin- gers, he st sorbed in thought. — CYCi,or.t:DiA oi* Bio(;uv- niY, p. 2.'57. 21. ABSTBACTION, Dangeroua. ArchinieAifn. [When the Romans captured Syracuse] Archi- medes was in his study, engagea iu some math- ematical researches ; and his mind, as well as his eye, was so intent upon his diagram, that be; neither heard the tumultuous noise of the Ro- mans, nor perceived that the city was taken. A soldier suadenly entered his room, and ordered him to follow him to Marcellus ; and Archime des refusing to do it, until he had finished his problem, and brought his demonstration lo bear, the soldier, in a passion, drew his sword and killed him. — Pi.iitakch. 33. ABUSE, Absence of. Savages. It is said of the Ainus savages, who are inhabitants of the North Pacific, that they ^ve striking proof of their amiability of disposition, in that they AMlSK-Af'CIDKNT. -Am. have nn wnrdH nf abuse in llicir Inii^uugf. Ctc, " AiNim." 93. ABUSE, Ferional. Millou, hi/ SuhiKtmitH. If liny on(! IbinkH Hint {;liissi<'«l HtiulicM of thcniHelvoH ciiltivnU; llic tiiHti; iind tin- sciili montH, l(!t him look into SiiliniisiiiH's Hfn/Hiimin. Tlicrc. he will sc*; Ww first Hchoiiir of his ajre not thinking; il iinlHH'oniin^ to tiiiint .Miiloii witli his blin(in»!HH, in Hiich linigiiiifi;c ns this : "A |>ui)i)y, once my pretty little man, now lije'ir-cyed, or lalhoni blindjiiif? ; havinf,' never had any mental vision, he has now lost his bodily sij;ht" ; a silly l<<>i, f. The English prciss teemed with . . . abu.se. . . . lie was a . . . demon inhuman form. He was a robb(!r and a mi.ser. i)lundering the treasuries of nations that hv might hoard his countless mill- ions ; and he was also a profligate and a spend- thrift, squandering upon his lusts the wealth of empircH. He was wallowing in lieentiou.sness, his camp a harem of pollution, ridding himself, by (Mison, of his eoncubines ... at the same time he was phi/nicall// ait, iinhenlc — a monstei' whom Gon of .(uliers, the Spanish troops from the Netherlands were marched into tht; Palati- nate. To rid himself of these guests, the ElcK'tor of Branch-nburg called the Flemings to his assist- ance, whom h(! sought to propitiate by (tmbracing the Calvinist religion.— TiiiHTV Ykakh' Wau, 3N. ACCIDENT, Distress by. Hiin-ji TI. of h'rinier. [Henry's daughter Elizabeth was to be married to Philip, and his sister Margaret to the Duke of Savoy.] Magnificent rejoicings took place at Paris during the summer of 1559 in ceh^bration of these royal iiui)tials. Lists wens erected in front of the jialace of the Tournelles, and a splendid tournanieiil was held, at which, on the 27th of June, the king himself, supported by the Duke of Guise and two other princes, niaintained the field against all antngonists. Henry, who was an admirable cavalier, tri- unii)haiitly carried off the honors of the day ; but toward the close; of it, having imfortunately chosen to iim a course with Montgomery, cap- tain of his Scottish guards, the lance of the stout knight shivered in the encounter, and the broken truncheon, entering the king's eye, penetrated to the brain. Henry languished eleven days in great suffering, and expired . . . in the forty-first year of his age. — Students' Hist, of Fkance, ch. 15, ^ 7. 39. ACCIDENT, Eevolntion by. •' SlriUan Vea- jXTti." As the citizens of Palermo flocked to vespers on one of the festivals of Easter week, March 80, 1282, a French soldier grossly insulteil a young and be^uitiful Sicilian maiden in the presence of her betrothed husband ; the latter in- stantly drew his dagger and stabbed the offender to the heart. This was the signal for a violent explosion of popular fury; cries of " Death to the French !" resounded on all .sides ; upward of two hundred were cut down on the .spot, and tlu! ma.ssacre was continued in the streets of Pa- lermo through the whole night. From the cap- ital the insurrection spread to Messina, from .Messina to the other towns of the island ; every- where the French were ruthlessly butchered, without distinction of age, sex, or condition ; the total number of the slain is said to have ex- ceeded eight thou.sand. Such was the terrible catastrophe of the "Sicilian Vespers." — Stu- HKNTs' Hist, of Fkanck, eh. 9, ^ 10. 30. ACCIDENT, Saved by. Thomas Paine. During the Reign of Terror Thomas Paine wa.s imprisoned, but was saved from the guillotine, apparently by an accident. The door of his room was marked for the executioner, but the sign was made on it while it was open ; and at night, when the terrible messenger usually ar- rived, the mark was on the inside, and, as he himself says, " the destroying angel passed by." Stkvkxs's Metiiouism, Book 7. ch. 1, &.fe.i ACCIDENT— ACTIONS. 31. AOOIDENT, Biffnifloant. Norman. Diihr William. [Buttle of riiiHtingH.] When he pre- pared to nnn himself, he called tlrst for hin pood haul)crk, and a man lirou^ht it on hiH arm, and placed it tn^forehim ; hut in putting; IdH head in, to get it on, he unawarcH turned it the wronj? way, witli the haelc part in front. He H(M)n changed it ; hut when he Haw thoHc^ who wlood l)y were sorely alarmed, lie said, " I liave seen many a man who, if such a thing had liappened to hfm, would not have honu! arms, or entered the field the same day ; l)ut I never heliev«'d in omens, and I never will. I trust in (Jod, for lie does in all things His ])leasure, and ordains what is to come to i)ass according to His will. T havieces of silver." — Gibijon's Uomk, ch. 50. 33. — (, Norman Invofiion. When Duke William himself landed, as he stepped on the shore he slipped, and fell forward upon his two hands. Forthwith all raised a loud cry of distress. " An evil si^n," said they, " is here." But he cried out lustily, " See, my lords, by the splendor of God, I have taken posses.sion of England with both my hands. It is now mine, and what is mine is yours." — Decisive Bat- tles, § 297. 34. ACCOMPLISHMENTS, Worthy. Theiim- tocles. [The prudent Athenian general] was laughed at, in company where free scope was given to raillery, by persons who passed as more accomplished m what was called gentle breeding ; he was obliged to answer them with .some asperit}' : " ' Tis true I never learned how to tune a harp or play upon a lute, but I know h'ow to raise a small and inconsiderable city to glory and greatness." — Plutarch. 35. ACKNOWLEDGMENT, Slender. Postag,'. The only acknowledgment of his twenty -five years' services which John Adams carried with iiim in his unwelcome and mortifying retire- ment, was the privilege which had been granted to Washington on his withdrawal from the pres- idency, and after his death to his widow, and bestowed likewise upon all subsequent ex-pres- idents and their widows, of receiving his letters free of postage for the remainder of his life. — Am. Ctc, " JoitN Adams." 36. ACQUAINTANCE, Brief. Am. Indians. Tlie English [colonists] received a friendly wel- come . . . on the island of Hoanoke. . . " Tho peonle were most genth>and loving and faithful, voi(I of all guile and treason, ana such as llvo after the manner of the Gohien Age." [They afterward learned) the practice of inviting men to a feast, that they ndght 1»« murdered in tho hour of confidence.— Banc;kokt'h Hist, or I'. H., ch.il. 37. ACQUAINTANCE, Unwelcome. Stunuel Jofinmn. H(! gave us an ent that in time lie whs iniul(! com- iiiHndcr of their urmy . Now, liis ftUlicr MiifffTwl liii. to conquer in many Hnuill l)attl('s, uiui tiie Uabiuns tniHtcd Iiim more and more. Tiieii he Hent privately to liiM faliicr, and aslied what he Hhould do to malie tlie UaliianH Kulimil. Tlien King Tanjuin pive no an.swcr to tlie mcs sender, l»»t, iw he walliitd tij) and down Ids jjar- deii, lie kept <;iittinf,' oil tii(! lieads of tiu! tallest poppies with his stafl'. At liusl the messenger was lirnl, and went hack to Sextus and told him what liad pass<'d. Ihit .Scxtiis understood what hiH father meant, and Ik; hepin to accuse falwly all the chittf men, and some of them Ik^ put to death and some he banished. So at last the city of Gahii was left defctneelcss, and S(!Xtus deliv (led it up to his father,— IjIdokm.'h Homk. 43. ACT0B8 and Aotretiei. Orinin of. This craft daUfs itH exist<'n.:e back to souh! centuries lieforc Christ. Tlu; earliest mention we find of it ill history is i.i IIh! time of Solon in Orecice. It wax then attached to the religious rites, and its appliances and inllueiieesusetl to clothe witli grwiter solemnity and effeca tli(( sacred ccilebra- tions of the Greeks. So lugh a place; had the pro- fession at this p«;riod, that actors wen; all trained and paid at the expense of the State. . . . From the time of the (Jicsars the stage (legeiutrated rap- idly, from Ixting disoonnecUid from tliosSamvel Johnson. His unepialified rielie;uie; e)f rhete)ri»;al gesture or aetiem i.} ne)t, surely, a test of truth ; yet we (uinnot lie-lp aeiiniringhe)W well it is adapte;d to produce tlie; e'iTe;e;t which he wished. " Neither the judg(«e)f e)urlaws, nor the; re;pr(««;nt4itive8of our pefiple', woulei be; much affe;ct«Hl by labonnl ges- tie;iilatie)ns, e)rbelieve any man the more because he n>lled hiseye»s, or puffed his checks, or spread abre)ad his arms, or stamped the ground, or thump4Hi his breast ; ortumeil his eyes sometimes te) the ceiling, anel som«;times to the floor." — HewwKM.'s Johnson, p. 89. 49. ADDBESS, Triekater'R. Kdmv/nd Burke. It was in the I)ecemlM;r e)f 1792 thnt Burke had enact<;d that famous bit of nu;l(Klraina out of place, known as the Dagger Scene. The gov- ernment had bremglit in an Alien Bill, imposing certain pains and restrictions on foreigners com- ing to this country. . . . Burke began to storm »« usual again.st inurelerous atheists. Then, with- out d\ie pre;parHtie)n, he; began to fumble in bis bewemi, .suelelenly elre'w e)ut a dagger, and with an extravagant ge-^sturc threjw it on the fioor of the House, (trying that this was what they bad te) expect frevm tli(;ir alliance with Fnmcc. The stre)ke missed its mark, anel there was a general inclination to titteT, (uitil Burke, collecting him- se'lf for an effort, e aUeel upon them with a ve- hemence to which his listeners coulel not choose but resjwnel, to ke(;p French principles from their lu;ads anel French daggers from their lu;arts ; to prese;rve; all their blaneiishment« in life, anel all their con,se)latiou8 in death ; all the bless- ings of time, anel all the hopes of eternity. — Mou- key's Buukk, ch. 9. 50. ADMINISTBATION, BespoiuibiUty of. Reign of Vharlen. If. To the royal office and royal person the;y [the commons] loudly and sin- cerely profes.s(;d the strongest attachment. But to [Lord Chane;elle)r] Clarendon they owed noal le;giance, and they fell on him as furiously as their prejdecessors hael fallen on Strafford. The min- ister's virtue;s and vices alike contributed to his ruin. He' was the ostensible head of the admin- /•I' ADMINISTRATION— ADORATION. iHirutiun, and wim therefore held rcAponsible even for thotut aeU wlii.-h lie had strongly, but vainly, opposed in eoiineil. — Maiaui.ay bIIiht. OK EJiu., (;h. 2. lil. ADMINISTRATION, An unfortunate. Pirs. Martin y'an Hhihi'k. The udminiHtration of Van Buren has freneraliy heen reckoned iw nn- HueccHtiful and inglorious, liut he and his times were uufortunat(^ rather than bad. He was the victim of all the evils which followed hard upon the relaxation of the Jacksonian methods of gov- ernment. He hud neither tlu; will nor the dis- position to rule as his predeces.sor [Andrew Jack- sou] had done ; nor were the people and their representatives any longer in the humor to suffer that sort of government. The period was un- heroic ; it was the ehh-tide between the belliger- ent excitements of 1882 and the war with Aiex- I(to. The tinancial jianic added o^)probrium to the jx»pular estimate of imbecility in the govern- ment. " The a(bnini«tration of Van Buren," said a satirist, " is like a parenthesis ; it may be read in a low tone of voifr. This worthy veteriui, liKe his general [Wash- ington], had but one t.-ast, which he gave every day and to all companies; it was, "God bless General Washington." — ('uhtih' WAHniNOTON, vol. 1, ch. 2. 56. ADMONITION diiregarded. Genei-al St. Clair, A.D. 17»1. General St. Clair, with an army of two thousand men, set out from Port Washington to break the jjowerof the Miami con- federacy. . . . In what is now Mercer County, Ohio, . . . his camp was suddenly assjiiled by more than two thousand warriors, led by Little Turtle and several American renegades who had joined the Indians. After a terrible battle of three hours' duration, St. ("lair was complete- ly defeated, with a loss of fully one half of his men. . . , The news of the disaster spnuid gloom throughout the land . . . the government was for awhile in consternation, tor once th(! be- nignant spirit of Washington gave way to wrath. " 1/ere," said he, " in a tempest of indignation. " here in this very room ... 1 said to him, ' Y(ni have careful in.structions from the Secretary of AVar, and I my.self will add one word — hkwakk OK A snuMiiSK I ' He went off with that my last warning ringing in his ears. Yet he hits sulrered that army to be cut to pieces, hacked, butchered, tomahawked by a surprise — the very thing 1 guarded him against ! How can lie answer to his country ? The blood of the slain is upon him — the curse of widows and orphans !" [After a period of silence he .solemnly added ;] " I looked at the despatches ha.stily, and did not note all the particulars. General St. Clair shall have justice. I will receive him without iNu- dora who rei)rcHciit('d llu-ir iii(lc|(cndcnt Hover- fixriH, the ciillpliM of AkIh, Kffvpl. or Mpiiin, tlic Muf^H ut FriuKU! uiid Ilalv, uikI IIic Ijitincinpcr orH of aiiciciit Home. — (JiiiiionV I{oMK, cIi. * MuJesty'H kingly i(!soiiitionM luc wiitctl in llic ark of niH wicrm l)n'iiHt, and it wcro ii prcNiinip- llon of tr i)eainsof majesty, us Phd-lius did to Piiiieton, tiial tlm distaiu'e between sover eignty und subjetrtion sliould not bar you of timl rtliul freedom of access to his person and coun- sels." Hut tlie time bad come when this style of I'ln^ruage was no loiifter to be endun^d by the commoim. — Hood's (Jhomwkm,, ch. 1(1, p. 20!l. 61. ADVLATION rebnked. (H' Janun F. S lames I., dining with Hishops Nelle and An- rews, asked their opinion] whether he might not (4ike his sublects' money witliotit the fuss of Piirliamcnt V Neile replied, " Ood forbid you should not, for you are the breath of our nos- trils." Andrewshesitaled ; but the king insisted upon an answer ; Ik; said : " Why, then, I think your Majesty may lawfully take my brother Ncile's money, for he oners it." — Knkiht's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 3!5, p. i\M. ea. ADULATION, Bidiculoai. lied Heard. When Henry VIII. met Francis I. on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, a Venetian observ- er described tli' beard of Henry a.s "being .somewhat red, ha-s at present the ai)pearance of being gold." — Knioiit's Hist, of Eno., ch. 17. 63. ADULTEBT exooaed. Mdhoinet'ii. In his adventuies with Zeinib, the wife of Zeid, and with Mary, an Egyptian captive, the amorous prophet forgot th(i interest of his reputation. At the house of Zeid, his freedman and adopted son, he beheld, in a loose undress, the beauty of Zeinib, and burst forth into an ejaculation of devotion and desire. The servile, or grateful, freedman understood the hint, and yielded with- (mt hesitation to the love of his benefactor. But as the filial relation had excited some doid)t and scandal, the angel Gabriel descended from heaven to ratify the deed, to annul the adoption, and gently to reprove; the prophet for distrusting the indulgence of his God. One of his wives, Ilafna, surprised him on her own bed, in the embraces of his Egyptian captive ; she promised secrecy and forgiveness ; he swore that he would renounce the po8.session of Mary. Both parties forgot their engagements ; and Gabriel again descended with a chapter of the Koran, to ab- solve him from his oath, and to exhort him freely to enjoy bis captives and concubines, without listening to the clamors of his wives. In a solitary retreat of thirty days, be labored, alone with Mar}', to fulfil the commands of the angel. . . . Perhaps the incontinence of Ma- homet may be palliated by the tradition of his natural o" preternatiiral gift ; he miited the man- ly virtue of thirty of the children of Adam ; and the apostle might rival the thirteenth labor of the Grecian Hercules, — Gibbon's Mahomet, p. 56. 61. ADULTERY, Puniihment for. llinmn Iahh. The edge <)f the Julian law was sharpened by the incessant diligence of the emperors. Tho licentious conuncrcc of the sexes mav be toler- ated as an Impulse of nature, or forbidden iu< a source of disorder and corruplicm ; but the fame, the fortunes, tin; familv of the husband, are si-riously injured by the aclultery of the wif«'. The wisdom of Augustus, after curbing the frcf'dom of revenge, applied to this domestic ol- fence the animadversion of the laws; and the guilty i)arties, after the payment of heavy for- feitures and fines, were condemned to long or perpi'tual exile in two separate islands.— Olii- iioNH KoMK, ch. 44. 6A. ADULTEET, ShameleM. hjtfmth Cenlu- ri/. Priiu'cs set the example. Charles VII. re- ceived Agnes Horel as a pres. [Ill 1H47| (}<'M. 'rwi|;>{x. in coiiuiiHiul of th,'li Hccinin^'ly ini- prttKintblc, must \w carried, or furtiicr a(lvaiu'c VitiH iInpoHHlill(^ On tlu; niornin;; of tiie IHtli tho American army was arranp'd for an aHsaull widcli, accordin>^ to tlic rules of war, iirondscd only (lisaHter and ruin. Hut. to troops of the United Htates notldn^ now Hcenied too arduous, no deed too full of jwril. Heforu noonday every position of the Mexicans had been > uccess- fully stormed and themselves driven in a pre- cipitate roul. Nearly three thousand prisoner^ were t^iken, with forty-three pieces of bron/e ar- tillery, five thousand nuiskets, and acicoutre- ments enough to supply an army. The American Josh amounted to four Imndred and thirty-one, that of the enemy fidly a thousand. Santa Anna escuvped with bis lif(i, l)ut left behind liis {rivate papers and his woodru If/. — Hini'ATii's IisT. OK U. S., ell. 57. 60. ADVANCE, Heroic, /itittlf of FonUnoi/. A.I). 1745. Willianj of ("iimbcrland formed a column of fourteen thousand Mritish infantry, thirty or forty abreast ; aii escaped. — HiDi'A'rn's Ilisr. or r. S., eh. 6fi. 74. ADVENTUBE, Daring. Naixikon T. [Hav- ing escaped from his exile at Klba, his little army arrived near (Cannes.] In the course of a few lioui-s this escort of six hundred men, with two or three small pieces of cannon, were safely landed. . . . They were about to march seven hundred miles, through a kingdom containing thirty millions of inhabitants, to capture the strongest capitid in Europe. . . . .Vn army of nearly two hundred thousand men, under Bour- bon leaders, were stationed in imjiregnable for- tresses 1)y the way. — Abbott's Nai'oi,kon B., vol. 2, ch. 24. 75. AD'VENTURE, Passion for. Conquest of Florida. Adventurers as.sembled as volunteers, many of them people of noble birth and good estates. Houses and vineyards, lands and till- age, and rows of olive trees in tins AJarrafe of Seville were sold, as in the times ot the cru- sades, to obtain the nuans of militarj- equii>- ments. . . . Many . . . who had sold estates for their equipments were obliged to remain be- hind. — Banckokt's Hist, ok U. S., ch. 2. 76. AD'VENTUKE, Primitive, (leorge Wash- ington. [Washington's return from a confer- ence with the French commander St. Pierre, at Le Bceuf, near Lake Erie. a.d. 1753.] It was now the dead of winter. . . . AVith [Christopher] Gist [the guide] as his mAc companion, he left the river, and struck into the woods. It was one of 11 \'i . % I i-1!l, I" 10 ADVKNTl UK— AI>VKU.MITV iLu niOHt Holititry inurchi-N <>vfr niuilc by iiiiiii. Th(!rf!, in tlii> lHt<> wildfriicMM, uiut the future I'riMiderit of the U. H. Cluil in tli<* rolic nf an liuiiun, with ^iin in liimd, aiiNiu'k Mrap- |MKi U) liiM NlioiihicrH ; NlniK^lin^ lliriiii^li iiittr- niinubh) HnowN ; Hlfcpiiif; \killi frn/.in rJotlicM on II IhmI of iiinc-liruNli ; lircukiii^^ tliroii^li (lie lr(!tu:)i«;r(>iiHii'(! of rupiil Htrciinis ; friiidcd liv dav l)y a |HM;i(i!t coiniiiiMX, and at ni^lil l>y ll><' North SUir, iM'cn lit inlcrvalM thrmi^jh the halh-ns tirt's ; rtn.il ut liy a prowlln;; savajri- from his covert nut flfUtfin HlepH away ; llirown from a raft into tlio ruHhin/f Allef;liaiiy ; eseaiiin^ to an island and loii^n^ tliere unlll tlie river was fro/en oyer; pliinKin;r ai;ain into iIm> forcHt ; reacldni; UlHt'H Mtttlement and tlien llie Potonnie — tlie Htron^-lindKui and)aHN4idor camt liaeli witliout a wound or wuir to tlie capital of Virginia.— l{ii>- I'atm'h Hiht. U. H.. ch. )«). 77. ADYENTVBE, Spirit of. S/r William Par- rij. In 1817, in a letter to an intimate friend, lift Impponed to write a piod deal alioiit an e\- (Htdition, then much talked of, for exploring the river (Jon^^o, in Africa, and expresMcd a stronj? diiHirn to make out! of the party. When the let- ter wiw (lidHhed, hut before it waH i)Ut in the |M>Ht-onic(;, IiIh eye fell upon a parairraph in the n(!WNpa|M!r, Htatinf^ that the ffoverninent were about to (tend ves.sels in (lucst of a passage round tlie Nortliern coast of North America wliich would Hhorten the voyap* from I<^ni;land to India from Hixteen thouHand miles to altout seven thouMund. Parry reopened lii.s letter, and, men- tioning tlio paragraph, concluded a short i>ost- twTipt with these words : " iiot or cold is all one to mo — Afri(!a or the I'ole. " ills <'orr<'Hpondent showed this hitter to a friend, who wiw the man in ICn^land most of the WiUnmir*, and branded their leader with the opprobricux names of child, of madinan, of perjured traitor, till' enemy of his blood and nation. " Are you ignorant, exclaimed the son of Triarius, "that it is the constant policy of tin- Koinans to destroy the (Jotlis by each other's svvonls ? Are you in seinible that the victor in this unnatural contest will be exposed, and Justly exposed, to tlmir im- placable revenge ? Where an those warriors, my kinsmen and thy own, whose widows now lainent that their lives were sacrillced to thy rash ainliilion V Where is tlie wealth which thy sol- diers possessed when they were first alhiret. J.ihn Smith. The new president, though not thirty years of age, was a veteran in every kind of Valuable human experience. Horn an Knglish man ; trained as a soldier in the wars of Holland; a traveller in France, Italy, and Kgypt ; agidn a soldier in Hungary ; captured by the Turks and sold as a slave; sent from Constantinople to a prison in the Crimea; killing a taskmaster wlio beat him, and then escaping through the woods of Uussiato Western Ktirope ; going with an army of adventurers against Morocco ; finally returning to Kngland and joining tho London Company (afterward rescuing tlie colony in Virginia], .John Smith was altogether tho most noted nuin in the early history of Americji. — ItlUI'ATIl'M HlSTOUV OK U. S., cli. 9. 61. ADVEBSITY, Beneflti of. Bnuyaninlietl ford.ltiil. Hunyan's confinoment . . . was otlier- wise of inestimable value to him. It gave him leisure to read and reflect. Though \w preaduMl often, yet there mu.st have been intervals, i)er- liaps long intervals, of compulsory sileiuie. The ex(;itement of i)erpetual speinh-making is fatal to the exercise of the higher (jualities. The piTiods of calm enabled him to discover powers in himself of which he might otherwi.se liave never known the existence. Of books he had but few ; for a time only the Hilile and Fox's " Mar- tyrs. " But tlie Hible thoroughly known is a litctr- ature of it.self — tlic; rarest and richest in all departments of thought or imagination which exists. — Fiioinio's Hi nyan, ch. (I. M'i. ADVEBSITT deplored, Sudden. Gluirlen of Aiijoii. [lie experienced a reversid of his good fortune by the revolt in yicily.] In tiie first agony of grief and devotion, he was lieard to exclaim, " O God ! if Thou ha.st decreed to humble me, grant me at least a gentle and gradual descent from tlu! pinnacle of greatn&ss !" — Giiuion's lloMi:, ch. 62. §3. ADVEBSITY, Eminence by. A. Lincoln. He had i)lenty of employment as a surveyor, and won a good reputation in this new line of busi- II ADVKItHITY ii iu«M ; but tlio flniiiiciitl itiimIi of IH:I7 dcHtroyiMl IiIh ttiMiiifHH, itiid IiIm ltiHlninii>ri(H w|)aritti(>n for It, lie vl^firoiiNly jxirMucd liiH \vni\\ NtudicH. jilt' had prfvioiiHly ritllcd iih u coiuitry Htorc krcJM'r. IIIhkoimIm wvw \umnUt on cn-dlt.] — Uaymond'h Lincoln, rli, 1, p. 2«. N4. ADVEUITT, Inttruoted by. FrxUrirk V. [KI"(:tor I'uliitliicof till llolii'Miiiins. I Krcdcriik wiui m-hUm! Ill liihlf ill Prague, wliilc IiIm army wax MiiiH (Mil lo pii-ccs. ... A mcHM-iifrCcr Hiiminoiii'd him from talilc to hIiow him from tlic wiiIIn tin- wholo fri>;lilfiii Hct'iir. lie n>(|Ut>Htcd a ccHHa ;ion of iioNtllitI 'N for Iwcnty-foiir liourH for dc ilMTiktion ; hut d^ht wiim all Ui(> Duki; of Maviiria would allow him Frederick availed bimm^lf of thcHe to My liy iii^ht from the capital, with his v'ife and tiie chief oflleerH of IiIh army. TIiIh tlifrht wax ho hurried that the Prince of Anlialt left iH^hind liiin IiIh inoHt privati- papc^H, and Frederick IiIh crown. " I know now what I lun," Haid IIiIh unfortunate prince tothoHc who <'ndeavored to comfort him ; " then^ an^ virtiieH which mitifortune only can teach iih, and it in in adverHity alone that priiucH learn lokiiow tlii^m wilveH." — TiiniTY Ykauh' Wak, ^ 1!J8. MA. ADVER8ITT, Leiioni of. .V/Vy/^ of Home by the (loOut. In the lant inoiitliH of ilu; niege tlie people were exponed to the miserieH of Hcareity, iinwiiolesome font to a treaty of per|H-tuul |Nince !f they might have it, " the said commoiM re sponded all, and altogether, ' Ves, yes I ' " Thn io|>iiliitioii was thinned Ir- the ravages of peHti eiice, for till litdi), whicli*Naw its last visltaliun, the black dealli returned again and again. — HiHT. OK Kn(i. I'koi-i.k, 55 :jntt. MM. ADVXRSITT ovarnilod. Mli W/iitiu^y. KM Whitney was a young MaNMK'liuwtU Yan- kee, who had come to (ieorgia to leach, and, having been taken sick, had been inviu'ir salvation to support him with their livex and fortunes ; but in tlu; hour of danger they were silent and afraid ; and, after waitingser which was soon diminished by the de>W!rtion of three (^iri/inians. He wandered in the dttwrt with his wife, seven companions, and four horses ; and sixty -two days was he plunged in ii loathsouKt dungeon, from whence he «!8capo|)l<- wliiiiii I |iivi' to turn up iiKiiinxt nic in tliU run of 111 luck, / f , if I NlioMJiriirnik tiiy miiikIc wiiml In the full fnitn this i'l<-pliiinl, itnil low my IN)piiliirity with Miy fortune. Tlicn H'«<.»f/W<«/t: niul Ihiuji" (liiHlifeof Napoleon I " rimy liolli^o to the paper maker, anil I may take to NuiokinK rlKitrs anil ilrinkinK K^oK. <>■* '■><'ii ilevolee ami intoxleate tlie Imtin another way." lie ailils tliul when ltd NetH to work ilo^fceilly, he Ih ex aetiv the winwi man he ever waH, " neither low Mpirlted nor ilutniit" — nay, that adverHitv Ih to hlin "a tonle unti hraeer." |Hee Noh. iVj anil IM. I — Ml tton'k Scott, eh. I."!. Oil. ADVXBSTTT, Una/Ttotad bjr. Sir W. Srott. I lie hail iH'ciime a liankrupt hy laviHh ex- tHinditureH on IiIh caMtie, etc. | The lieavleHt ilow waH, I think, the lilow to his priile. Very etirly he iH-ifinM to note painfully the ilifTereiit wiiy in which ililTerent frIenilH /frei't him, to remark that Hotne Nmile aH if to Hay, "think nothing about it, my hul, it In ipiite out of our thoiiKhtH ; " that otherH adopt an alTecteil f^rnv Ity, " Huch HHonct Het'Mandilespl.scMat a funeral," and the hcHt hred " JuMt Hhook hanilH and went on." lie wrifeH to Mr. Morritt with a nrouil IndlfTerence, clearly to nome extent Hinuilateil ; " My wonienkind will he the j^rea'cr sutTer- ern, y(!t even they look clie(!rlly ; and, for my Hclf, the l)li)wln>f off of my hat on a stormy day luiH >?iven me more uneasincHH." To Jjaily Davy he wrifcM truly enouith : " I hc^ my humblest ci>m|)limi'ntH to HJr Humphry, and t(;ll him. III liUck, that direful chemist, never put Into his crucible a more Indissoluble i)lece of Httiff than your affecalonate cousin and :'iin- cere well-wisher, Walter Heott." [Hee Nos. Wl and 04.] — IIitton's Hcott, eh. 15. 93. ADVSBSITY utiliied. /jiffur huUkn in Warthiirfi Ciutlc. Not lonjj had h«! been on the burg when he occupied himse'f with the trans latlon of the .Scriptures, as well r.s with other writings. In a few weeks several works were ready for the ])ress. A tri iti.se " About Con- fesslon, and whether the Pope is entitled to command thi; same." he dedicated to his par tlcular friend and firm patron, Francisco von Sicklng(!n. Hesides commenting upon selected portions of Holy Scrii)ture inlendeil to instruct, comfort, and edify ('hristian people. Luther 'lit out many a heavy controversial article from •heWartburg. — Hkin's IjHTiikh, ch. 10. 94. ADVEB8ITT, Victim of. Sir W. S<-ott. As Scott had always forestalled his in- I'omc — fljK'nding the purchase-money of his pocma and novels before they were written — such a failure as this, at the age of (Ifty-tive, when all the freshness of his youth was gone out of him, when he saw his son's prosjx'cls blighted as well as his own. and knew perfectly that James Hallantyne, unassisted by hini, lould never hope to pay any fraction of the debt worth mentioning, woulil have been i)ara- lyzing, had he not been a man of iron nerve, and of a pride and coi rage hardly everemialled. Domestic calamity, too, was not far oft. For two years he had been watching the failure of his wife's health with increasing anxiety, and as calamities seldom come single, her illness took a most serious fonn at the very time when the blow fell, and mIic died \ Ithin four monliiM of the failure. Nay, Scott was hiniM'lf unwell at the critical moment, and was taking M«' Sioit, ch. 15. 9A. AOVKRIITY In War. SiHirtati*. The Spartans raised two consiilerabfe arinleH, and commenced ho.Hiilliies liy entering the Uirrilory of Phocls. Tiny were ilefeiiled ; Lysander, one of their generals, being killed in battle, and I'aiisaniaH, the other, coniliinned to death for his misconduct. Much about the same time the Persian Heel umler the coininanil of Conon vani|uished that of Sparta, near CnliloH, a city of ('aria This (iefeul deprived the Lacedii'mo niaiiH of the command of the sea. Their allies took the opportunity of tliis turn of affairs to throw olT their yoke, and Spuria, almost In a single campaign", saw herself without allies, without i)ower, and without lesoiirceH. The reverse ot fortune experienced by this republic was truly remarkable. Twenty years had not elapsed "since slie was absolute ndstress of (ireece. and held the whole of her states either as tributaries or allies, who found it their high- est interest to court her favor and protection. So changed was her present situation, that the most inconsiderable ot the states of Pelopon- nesus spurned at her authority, and left her singly to oppose the united power of Persia and the league of (Jreece. — ILniv KiiSAi. Histohv, TvTi-KU, ch. 2 llook 'i. 96. ADVERTIS£MBNT8, 8i netimonioiu. Uiili- niltd. Advertisements in magazines aiuiounc- ing an eligible residence in a neighborhood where the gospel is i)reached In three places within half a mile ; and of a serious man-ser- vant wanted who can shave : such announce- ments as thcMi^ were new and strange objeirts of ridicule in IHOH. -Kniiiiit's Kno., vol. H, ch. 7. 97. ADVICE diidalned. linKldork'H I)ffe((t. A select force of live liuiidred men was thrown forward to open the roads in the direction of Fort I)u tiucsne. . . . The army, marching in a slender column, was extended for four nules along the narrow and broken road. It was in vain that Washington pointed out the danger of ambuscades and suggested the eni))loymeiil of scoutiiig-parfies. Hraddock was self-willed, arrogant, and proud ; thoroughly skilled in the tactics of Kuropean warfare, he could not bear to be advised by an inferior. The .sagacious Franklin had aiJvised him to move with cau- tion ; but he only replied that it was iini)ossible for .savages to make any iini)reHsion on his Majesty's regulars. Now, when Washington ventured to repent the advice, Hraddock tlew into a |)assion, strode up and down in his tent, and said that it was high limes when Col. Buckskin could teach a IJritisli general how to tight. [The army was surprised and nearly dc slroyed by the French and Indians. The general was .severely wounded, and the troojis thrown into a panic] " What shall we do now, colonel ■/" said he to Wiishington. . . . " Uctrent, sir — retreat bv all means, " — Hidp.vtii'h Hist. IJ. S.. ch. :$l."^ 9S. ASVICE ignored. lii/ h'iiir/ Janrn IT. Clarendon fthe Lord Lieutenant of Ireland] was soon informed, by a concise despatch from Sunderland, that it had been resolved 1o make ADVICK— AFFEtTION. i:i williotit UH|y ailtinl, liail taltcii ciiiiiihi'I (in llifM<< niattrt-M with iMTMoMH innrr t-oniiirirnl In iiiiviM! him tlnin IiIm IncxiDrirnci'ii Inni licitlcn ant fould ixmKllily lir. — >I,\«ai!|.av'h IIiht. ok Knu., «!li, «1. 90. ADVIOI, Ill-timad. A. IahcMh. |H(>ni<- VVi'Nii-rn f(('nllt'nii'ii were cxcitt'il alxnil tiicconi mlHMionH anil uniinMiu.is of ilic AilniiniNtration, | " Oi'ntlrrnrn, NiippoHr all llir luniMilv you wiTi' worth waH in Kold, and you liait put it in tlir liantlH of lilontlin to carry arnms liii' NiaKora Kivcr on a ropr, vvoulil you NJukld- tlu- ralilr, or lii'cp Hlioulin^ to liini — ' lilondin, Hianil up a llttit! Hlrai^liti-r — llloniiin, Htonp a litlli* niori' — >;o a iilllt' faHlcr— lian a lilllr niori' to tlir north — lean a little inori- lo thi' south ' V No, you woulii iioiil your breath, as well asyour ton^ix'. . . . Thi* i(ovi-rnnii'nt arr nuryinK mi iniinciisi' wfiKht. Untold trcaHurcs arc in their hands. They are doiiiK the very lust tliey can. Don't Imiiffer llicin." — Uavmomi'h Lincoln, p. 75!J. 100. ADVIOE, Legacy of. liy AufiUMtuii to the li(»naim. On the dcatli of that einp<'ror, ids testanu;iit was puliiicly read in I lie senate, lie lM-i|U(!alhed, as a valuable legacy to his success ors, the advice of conOniiiK the einpiri! within tliose liinitH which nature seemed to have placed as its iHTinanent liulwari " lisping hawlhorn buds," these debauched anil sanguinary dandies, Art, forsooth, must know notliing of iiioralily ; muNi aciept luid rejoice in a " healthy animalism ;" must cMiiniale life by the mimber of it> few wildesl pulsations ; must reckon that life Is worthless wlihnul the most thrilling experiences of horror or delight ! Comedy must be actual sh'tine, and tragedy genuine blooilMhed. When the play of Afranius called "The Contlagration " was put on the stage, a house must be really burnt, and its fur- niture really plundered. In the mime called " l.aurcolus," an actor must really be crucitled and mangled by a bear, and really tiing hitns4>ir down and deluge the stage with lilooil. When the heroism of Mucins Hca-vola was represented, a real criininai must thrust his hand without a groan into the (lame, and stand motioidess while it is being burnt. I'ronielheiis niusi be really chained to his rock, and Dirce in very fact be lossed and gored by llie wild bull ; and Orpheus be torn to pieces by a real bear ; lUid Icarus nuist really lly, even though he fall and be dashed lo tleath ; and Hercules must ascend the funeral pyre, and there be veritably burnt alive ; and slaves and criminals nuist iilay their parts heroically in gold and purple till tli' llatnes en- velop Ihi'in. It was the ultinnitc onukiicttof a degraded and brutali/.ed sociiety. — Fauuak'h Kaui.v Davh, p. 40. lO'l. AFFECTION, Conjugal, .tonephiw. [The night following Hie execution of the deed of divorce, .losepldne approached with hcHitalion the bed and thd Napoleon's neck in her arms, and ex- claiming, " My husband I my husband !" sobbed as though her'heart were breaking. The Impe- rial spirit of Napoleon was entirely vaiupiished. lie also wept convulsively. lie assureil Jose- nhine of his love — of his ardent, undying love, lit was their last private Interview.] — Ahuott'h Natolkon B. , vol. a, ch. 10. 10ft. . Aiiilrew .liiekmii. The peo pie of Nashville, proud of the success of their favorite, resolved to celebrate! the event by a great banquet on the 22d of December, the anniversary of the day on which the general had first defeated the British below New Orleans. . . . Six days before thc! day appoint- ed for the celebration, Mrs. Jairkson . . . sud- denly shrieked, placed her hands upon her heart, sunk upon a chair. . . . For the space of sixty hours she suffered extrtime agony. . . . She recovered tlu; use of her tongue ... to implore . . . her exhausted husband to recruit his strengtli for the bamiuel. He would not leave her, but lay upon the sofa and slept a little. The eveiung of the 22d she appear- ed so much better that the general consent- ed, after much persuasion, to sleep in the next room. When he had been gone five minutes . . . Mrs. Jackson gave a loud, inarticulate cry, which was immediately followed by the death- rattle in her throat. All ni^ht long he sat in the room, occasionally looking into her face, and feeling if there was any pulsation in her heart. Tlie next morning, when one of his w . \: 1 'Ml 14 AKKKCTION. fricndfl iirrived juHt iM^fc^re duyli/^ht, lit- wus inMirly H|MTchl('8H iind titUfrly inconHoliiblc, look- inj? twenty years older. Tbt-re wuh no hiuujiul Hmt day in NiiHlivillc. . . . Andrew JiickHoii wiw never the sjiine niun iipdn. — ('yi;/,d. [Ca- to the Censor] expelled Manlius, a senator, whom the general opinion had marked out for Consul, because he h.id given his wife a kiss in the diiy-tiine, in the sight of his daughter. "For his own i)art, " he said, "his wife never embraced him but when it thundered dread- fully," adding, by way of joke, "That he was happy when Jupiter pieasecl to thunder." — Pi.i- TAKCII. I09. AFFECTION, Enduring. Sir fmiw Snr- ton. The beautiful daughter of a physician, who resided near his selioo', won his l)oyisii aiTections, and he paid court to her by making dolla and doll-furniture for her. His affection wius returned by the young lady, and nothing prevented their early marriage but Neuton's lM)verty. . . . When at length he was in better circumstaiK I -i, the object of his youthful love was married, and he himself was wedded to science. Never, however, did he return to the home of his fathers without visiting the laily ; and when both had reached four.s<()re he hiul the pleasure of relieving the necessities of her old age. — Pahton'h Srii I. Nkwton, p. 86. 109. AFFECTION, Fickle. OounUkx of Car- lisle. The beautiful Countess of Carlisle, a kind of £Dglish Cleopatra, of whom Strafford in the j season of his greatness had been the favore(f ! lover, used every effort with the Parliament Uy I oiitain the life of the man whose love had been [her pride. The fa.scinaling counters failed to I soften their hearts. As if it were the fate of SiralTord to sufftT at the .same time the loss of both love and friend.ship, this versatile beauty, more attached to thi! power than the persons of 111 r rdmirers, transferred her affections quickly from Strafford to Pyin, and became the mis iress of the murderer, who siUTeeded to the victim. — Lamautink's (JiioMWEii,, p. 14. 110. AFFECTIOS, FiUal. Willuim Cnojur. When Cowper was six years old his moth(;r died ; and .seldom has a child, even such a child, lost more, even in a mother. Fifty years after her death he .still thinks of her, he says, with love and tenderness every day. Late in his life his cousin, Mrs. Anne Bodliam, recalled herself to his remembrance by .standing him his mother's l)icture. "Every creature," he writes, "that has any affinity to my mother is dear to me, and you, the daughter of her brother, :>re but om^ remove distant from her ; I love you, therefore, and love you much, both for her sake and for your own." — Smit/i's Cowi'kh, ch. 1. 111. . Sir WalU-r Scott. His ex- ecutors, in lifting wp his desk, the evening- after his burial, found "arranged in careful order a scries of little objects, which bad obviously been so i)laced there that his eye luight rest on tlu^m (n-ery iiiorning before lie began his tasks. Tlie.se were ilie old-fiushioned boxes that had garnished hi-, mother's toilet, when he, a sickly child, slept in her dre.ssin.u;- rooni — the silver taper-stand, which the young advocate had bought for lier with his first five- guinea fe<' ; a row of small packets inscrilu'd with her hand, and containing the hair of tiio.se of her offspring that had died before her ; his father's snutf-box and etui-case ; and more things of the sort." — Ilrrros's I.ifk ok Scott. ch. i. Hit. . (!iiiii.-< .Uiim'iis CoriolaiiuH. Marcius pursued glory because tl'e acquisition of it delighted his mother. For when she was witness to the api)lause he received, when. sIk; saw him crowned, wiieii she embraced him with tears of joy, then it was that he reckoned him- .self at th" height of honor and felicity. Ei)am- inondas had the same sentiments, and declared it the chief hapinness of jii.s life, that his father and mother lived to see the generalship \\i\ ex- erted and the victory he won at Leuctra, — Pl.rTAIUU. 1151. . Scrl'iriiiMt/i)' Itotnan General. This love of his country is .said to have been in .some measure owing to" tlie attachment lie had to his mother. His father died in his in fancy, and he had his education wholly from her ; consecpiently his affections centred in her. His Spanish fritmds wanteti to constitute him supreme governor; but having informa- tion at that time of tlu; death of his mother, lie gave him.self up to the most alarming grief. For seven whole days he neither gave the word, nor would be .seen by any of his friends — Pl.rTAKCH. 114. . Ali:cander tlie Great. [Olym- liias was his mother,] He made her inativ magnificent presents ; but he would not sutfei AFFECTION. i;. her busy genius to exert itself in State nfTuirs, or in the leaat to control tlie proceodinj^s of government. She complained of this a.s a hardship, and he bore her ill-humor with great miUlneftfl. Antipatcr once wrote him a long letter full of heavy complaints against her ; and when he had read it, he said, " Antipater knows not that one tear of a mother can blot out a thou- sand such complaints." — Pi.utaiu ii. lift. . Nnp>U^>n I. [During th(( war between France and England an English prisoner escjiped, and reaching tiic coa.st scHxetly prejmred a fragile skiff oi the bark and brunches of trees. He was about to venture the (Jlianncl when he was arrested.] " Do you really in tend," said Napoleon, " to brave the terrors of the ocean in so frail a skiff ?" " If you will but grant me permission," said the young man, " I will embark immediately." " You must doubtless, then, have some mistress to nivisit." ..." I wish," replied the noble sailor, " to see my mother. She is aged, poor, and infirm." The heart of Napoleon was toucthed. ' ' You shall se^ her," he energetically replied, "and present to her from me this purse of gold. Slie must be no common mother who can have trained up so affectionate and dutiful a son." . . . Sent in a cruiser with a flag of truce. — Abbott's Napoi.eon, vol. 1, ch. 26. 1 16. AFFECTION of Friendship. A. Lincoln. A few days before the President's death Secr- tary Stanton tendered his resignation of the War Department . . . saj ing that he . . . had accepted the position to hold it only until the war should end, and that now be felt his work was done. Mr. Lincoln was greatly moved by the secretjiry's words, and tearing in pieces tiie paper that contained the resignation, and throw- ing his arms about the .secretary, he .said, "Stan- ton, you have been a good friend and a faitliful public servant, and it is not for you to say wlien you will be no longer needed here." Several friends of both parties were present, and there wius not a dry eye that witnessed the scene. — Raymond's Lincoln, p. 757. 1 17. AFFECTION, Impartial. \rr. Dmtin. A.n. 1697. Seven days after her confinement Indian prowlers raised their shouts near the house of Hannah Dustin, of Haverliill [N. IL] ; her husband rode home from the Held, but too late to provide for her rescue. He nui.st fly, even if lie would save one of his seven children, who had hurried before him into the forest. But, from the cowering flock, bow could a father make a choice V [Which one take ? which leave to the Indians ?] With gun in hand he now repels the assjuilt, now cheers on the innocent group of little ones, as they rustle through the dried leaves and bushes, till all reach a slielter. The Indians burned his home and dashed his infant against a tree. [His wife was taken into captivity.] — BanckoftsU. S., ch. 21. 11§. AFFECTION oatraged, Maternal. Indian Wars. [The Frencli and Indians made captives of women after burning the settlement of Salmon Falls in 1690.] The prisoners were laden by the victors with spoils from their own homes. . . . Hehetabcl Godwin would linger apart in the snow to lull her infant to sleep, lest its cries should provoke the savages ; angry at the delay. her [Indian] masicr .struck the child against a tree, and hung it among the branches. — Ban- chokt's U. S., vol. ;{, ch. 21. 110. AFFECTION, ParenUl. Samuel WetUy. [The house of ilev. Samuel Wesley, the father of .John Wesley, was Hied at night by the rab- bh', and totally con.uiined. ] The family barely escaped with tl.'ir night garmentw upon them. Mrs. Wesley was in feelile health ; unable to climb with the rest thn;ugh the windows, she was thrice beaten back froiM the front door by the flames. Committing herself to God, she at last waded through the fire to the stre«'t, scorch ing her face and hands. It was f'>und that one child was mis.sing. The father ai.temptc your judgment ; and whether that judgment be for life or death — ' Te Deum Laudamus !' " Sen tence of death was the reply to this eloquence and virtue. — Lamaktine's Cromwell, p. 12. V2l. AFFECTION, Strong. William, lYince of Orange. His affection was as impetuous as liis wrath. Where he loved, he loved with the whole energy of his strong mind. When death sepamle«l him from what he loved, the few who witnes.s«(l his agonies trembled for his rea.son and his life. To a very small circle of intimate friend.s, on whose fidelity and secrecy he could absolutely depend, he was a different man from the re .served and stoical William whom the multitude supposed to be destitute of human f'! the Cenmr. He ru taincd his bodily strength to a very great age. When he was past eighty years he called onl^ morning upon a man who had formerly been his secretiiry, and asked him whether he had yet provided a husband for his daughter. ' ' I have not," was the reply ; " nor shall I without consulting my best friend." "Why, then,' said Cato, " I have found out a very fit husl)an(l for her, if she can put up with an old man who, in other respects, is a very good match for her. " " I leave the di.sposal of her," said the father, "entirely to you. She is under your protec tion, an(i depends wholly upon your bounty." " Then, ' .said Cato, " I will beyourson-in-luw." The astonished parent gave his consent, and Cato announced his inten.ion to his son, wlio was himself a married man. "Why, what have I done," said the son, " that I should have a mother-in-law put upon me V" "lam only desirous," replied Cato. "of having more such .sons as you, and leaving more such citizens to my country." By this wife, who was little more than a girl, he actually had a son, who himself became consul of Rome, and was the father of the other famous Cato, the enemy of CiBsar. — Cyclopedi.\ of Bigg., p. 423. 140. . Lord Palmerston. When he was past seventy, he thought no more of a thirty-mile gallop of an afternoon than a New York merchant does of walking home from Broad Street to Union Square. Often, when Parliament was expected to sit late, lit- would dismiss his carriage, and, coming out of the house after midnight, would walk hom(^ alone, a distance of two miles, and "do" the distance in thirty minutes. There never was a brisker old gentleman. In the hunting season he usually went into the country, where ho !l! ' S ■: i ill n ' 18 AGE— AOUAItlAMSM. would follow tli(> IiouikIn hn vigorously luid mh lotiff ati Om) vouiijjsHt Imck (>f thciii all. — C!y( i,H(!lf, he madt; his court to Solon, and treated him vnlh so much kindness and respec:t, that Solon beeame, .w it were, his counsellor, and -(av{« to bo reffard(Hl as the best under wliich any great Hociety liiw ever yet existed durinir iriany ages. Then it was that tla; lIous(! of Commons, the archetype of all the rei)resenta- liv(! osacmbli add that licck/.in.ski Poland.— TvTi.Kii'h Hist I4A AGED, Blessing of the. John lloward. The Pojjo was one of the monarchs with whom he convers(!d on this great subject. Ho was re- ceived at the i)apal palace with unusual distim;- tioii, and \w was dispensed from the ceremony ()£ kis.sing the toe of tla; ixHitilT. When uo was about to retire, after a long conversation on the j)ri.s()ns of Italy, llu; Pope said to him, laying his hand upon his very Protestant head: "1 know you Englishmen do not mind these things, but thd)ject. It is man- ifest that the subject of agriculture posses.sed a strong and enduring charm for the Roman mind. Hut, from the times of the Ilannibalic War, agriculture lost ground in Italy. When Cato was asked what was the most profitable kind of farming, lie sjiid, " Good grazing." What next '! "Tolerable grazing." What next? " Bad graz- ing." What next? "Corn-growing." Later writers, witli one accord, deplored the dimin- ished productiveness of land. — Liddell'sRomk, I>. 497. 153. AOBICTJLTUBE, Anti-monopoly in. Ro iiKiUH. A high appreciation of agriculture aj)- pears to have been a fundament4d idea among the early Romans. A tract of land was allot- ted to every citizen by the State itself, and «;ach one was carefully n.stricted to the (juantity granted. It was said by the orator Cu- rius, that "he was not to l)e counted a good citizen, but rather a dangerous man to the State, who could not content himself with seven acres of land." The Roman acre being about one sixth less than ours, the law actually limited the possession to about six acres. As the nation Iwcame more powerful and extended its dominions by conquest, the citizen was al- lowed to hold fifty acres, and still later he could be the holder of five hundred. — Am. Cvc, " Aqkicultuhe." 153. AOBICULTUBE, Attractions of. The Po- H Horace. When cloyed with the pleasures of tho imperial city, he had but to mount his mule vcA ride fifteen minutes, to reach his farm. His land, well covered with forest, and lying <)n, both sides of a sparkling river, was tilled by tive free families and eight slaves, and produced grain, wine, and olives. It abounded in plea.sant, secluded scenes, fit for a poet's leisure ; and there, too, he delighted to receive his friends from Rome ; Mecscnas himself being glad to repose there from the tcils of government. To this day, Horace's farm is contmually visited by travellers residing in Rome, especially by Eng- lish and Americans. — Cyoi-opedia of Biog., |). 376. 154. AaBICVLTUBE, Bnrdena of. By Ar- taxerxes, King of the Pe.rmaiiK. Several of his sayings are preserved. One of them in partic- ular dJscoyers a deep insight into the consti- tution r)f government. " The authority of the prince." said Artaxerxes, "must be defend- ed by a military force ; that force can only be maintaini^d by 'axes ; all taxes muitt, ht last, fall upon agricidture ; and agriculture can nev:'r fiourish except under the; protection of justice and modtiration. ' — Uihiion'h Romk, eh. H. 155. AOBICULTUBE burdened. Utij/ntif J/>vm X I '/. The progress of agriculture was still bur dened by the servitudes of tin; .soil. Each little farm was in bondage under a complicated system of irredei^mable dues, to roads and canals ; to the bakehou.se and the bntwciry of the lord of the manor ; to his wint!i)re.ss and Ins mill ; to his tolls at the river, the market, or the fair ; to ground rents and (piit rents, and fines on alienation. The game laws let in the wild beasts and birds to fatten on the growth of tlie poor man's fields ; and after his liarvesLs i)ro vincial custom-hou.Hes blocked domestic com- merce ; t\w (export of corn, and even itH free circulation within the realm, was prohibited ; .so that one provin(!e might waste; from famine and another want a market. — Bancuoft'w U.S.. vol. 7, ch. 7. 356. AOBICULTUBE exalted. " jXmrer Ilmi- en." The great employment of Fnince was the tillage of land, than which no method of gain is more grateful in it.self or more worthy of freemen, or more happy in rendering service to the whole human race. No occupation is nearer heaven. — Banckoft'h U. S., vol. 5, ch. 2. 157. AOBICULTUBE honored. Ciminnatuii. DMdtor of liom«. A succe,s.sor w.is chosen to Valerius m the con.sulate, L. QuintiusCincinnat us, a man of ^reat resolution and intrepidity, who, though himself so indigent as to cultivate with his own hands his paternal fields, and to be called from the plough to put on the robe of the consul, had yet the liigh spirit of an ancient |)atrician, which was ill-disposed to brook the insolence of the popular magistrates or acquiesce in the daily increasing pretensions of the in- ferior order. — Tyti.eub Hist., B(M)k 3, ch. 5. i.'SP. . Kdmnnd Ihirke. [Edmund Burke] was an agricultural improver. Young saw him experimenting on carrots at his farm at Beaconsfleld, and says, " iiuckinghamshire will be much indebted to the attention this manly genius gives to husbandry." — Knioht's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 1. 159. AOBICULTUBE, Pursuit of. Noblest Jio- maiui. The picture of the Roman people dur- ing the first five centuries is so perfectly dis- tinct, .so widely different from what we find it in the latter ages of the republic, that we might at first be induced to think that some very ex- traordinary causes must have co-operated to pro- duce so total an alteration. Yet the transition was easy and natural, and was in the Roman people the necessary and inevitable con.sequence of that rich and luxurious situation in which the virtuous and heroic temper of the earlier times had conduced to place the republic. A spirit of temperance, of frugality, and of indu.s- try must be the characteristics of every infant colony. The poverty of the first Romans, the narrow territory to which they were limited, made it necc-ssary for every citizen to labor for I t r. :' /' 7 80 AGltlC'L'LTUUE— ALLIANCE. hiB HiibsiHtcncc. In the first aRCH, the patriciunH, when in the country, forgot nil the iliHtinetionH of rank, and tolled daily in the fleldH like tlio lowest plebeian. . . . Cineinnatim we have seen nanicS. [John Adams was President.] Adet, tiic French minister, miiib]y. He Kpokr for his vctcriinK, HcKpokt' for I Ik; iH)or citlzciiN. Ho Bald that lie approved the liiw to tix^ IuhI letter of It. " Will vow tla-n," iiHked Cifwir, " support the law if ft Im> illoKatiy opposod V" "rilnco," replied roinpey, "you counufi, and froii, my fellow-cltizc'iiH, imk aid of nie, a poor ndlvldiial without ottlco and without author- ity, who ncvcrtholcsH haH tlonc .some Hervicc jo the Hl4ito, I say that I will bear the shield if otherH draw tlie Hword." Applause ran)? out froni a hundred thousand throat*. — Fkoudk's C'iKHAK, eh. 18. I7M. AMBITION vs. AffeoUon. Nar>oleon I. [.Jow-phine knew that many were ur/^lriK u|)on hlin the neeesHity of a divorec that h(( niijtht have an heir, and thus secure the future of the Stiitc.] One day when Napoleon wii.s liusy in his cabinet Jo.sepliine (>ntered softly by a sid(i door, and seating? herself atfeetionalely upon hlH knee, and piiMiiijj; her Inuid K^'i'My throu^rh his hair, said to him, with a burst of tenderne,SH, " I entreat you, my lov(!, do not make yourself kin^j;. It is Lueien who urjfes you to It. Do not listen to him." Napoleon smiled \V[w\\ her kindly, and said, " Why, my poor Jo- seph iie, are you mad V" . . . She knew the in- tensity of her husband's love. She also knew the boundhi.ssnesH of his ambition. — Ahhott's Napolkon I., vol. 1, eh. 24. 179. AMBITION, Awakened. 8ir I. Newton. It is a question witli English teachers whether schoolboys ought or ought not to be permitted to settle their cpiarrels by a fair fight with fists. In the great .schools of Kton, Westminster, Harrow, and others, fighting is tacitly allowed ; but in the smaller schools, especially those under the charg(; of dissenters, it is forbidden. . . . The greatness of Sir Isaat; Newton dates from a fight which he had with one of his schoolfellows when he was thirteen years of age. At that time, according to his own confession, lu; was very idle at school, and stood last in the lowest class but one. Oni; morning, as \w was going to school, the boy who was first in the same class kicked him in the stomach with so much violerw-e as to cause him severe pain during the day. When the school was dismis.sed, he chal- lenged tlie boy to fl.ght him. The challenge being accepted, a ring was formed in the church- yard, the usual place of combat, and the fight i)egun. Newton, a weakly boy from his birth, was inferior 'o his aMfngoni.st in size and strength ; but, smarting luuier a .sense of the in- dignity he had received, he fought with so much spirit and resolution as to compel his adversary to cry, Enough. The school miusfer's son, who had been clapping one of them on the back and winking at the other, to urge on the contest, and who acted a.s a kind of umpire, informed the victor that it was necessary to crown his triumph by rubbing the other boy's nose against the wall. Little Nswton seized him by the ears, thrust his face against the rough side of the church, and walked home exulting in his victory. The next ;iK)rning, however, lie had again the mortification of seeing his y(>ars old, to flie government of his mother Irene, who ruled the empire [of the Kiwl| rather as a sovereign than as a regent. She was an al)le woman, and foresaw the dangt^r to the einpirt! from the am- bition and power of ('harlemagiu\ To avert any bo.stile ])urposes, till she should Ix; in a (^ciiditioii to oppose them with elTvet. she brought about a negotiation for the marriage of her son with the (huighter of Charlemagne ; but it was far from her intention that (his piatch should ever be w ('oin|)lished. Irene, on the contrary, was too fond of j)ower herself to consent to anything that might deprive her of the reins of govern nunt. Slu! kept tlu^ young Constantlne in the most absolute depeiidenct^ and sul)inission ; and when at hust ho endeavored to assume that dignity nrhich belongcid to him, she, on pretence of trea.s(,!iable designs, threw him into prison, deprived him of his eyes, and put him to death. — Tvti,kk';< Hist., HookH, ch. 'A. I§l. AMBITION in the Choroh. Hchm„x. Ambition is a weed of quick and early vegela tion in the vineyard of Christ. Under the first Christian princes the chair of St. Peter was disputed by th(i votes, the venality, the violence, of a popular election ; tlu; sanctuaries of Itome were polluted with blood ; and from the third to the twelfth century the church wtus distracted by the mischief of frequent schisms. — Gibbon's UoMK, ch. tjy. ISa. AMBITION cursed. Gen. Frrmr. a.d. 1777. [Gen. Eraser, one of Gen. Burgoyne's major-generals, fell at the battle of Saratoga.) He ((uestioned the surgeon eagerly as to his wound, and when he found that he must go from wife ami children, that fame and pro- motion and life were gliding from before his eyes, he cried out ip his agony : " Damned am- bition!" — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 24. I §3. AMBITION, Deluaive. Roman Emperor .Vii.dmu8. The imprudent Maximus . . . grati- fied his resentment and ambition ; he saw the bleeding corpse of Valentinian at his feet ; and he heard himself saluted Emperor by the unan- imous voice of the Senate and people. But tin; day of his inauguration was the last day of his happiness. He was imprisoned (such is the lively expres.sion of Sidonius) in the palace ; and after passing a sleepless night, he sighed that he had attained the summit of his wishes, and aspired only to d(^s(•elld f lom the dangerous elevation. Oppre.s,sed by tln^ weight of the diadem, he communicated his .uixious thoughts to his friend and (puestor Fulgentius ; and when he looked back with unavailing regret on the secure pleasures of his former life, the emperor exclaimed, "O fortunate Damocles, thy reign began and ended with tlu! same dinner ;" a well-known allusion. . . . The reign of Maximus continued about three months. His hours, of f \ i i iv (1 # 1 f AMHITION. 93 i which hf Imu loxt llic coiniimiKl, were (list iirlicii \)y n'rnorsc, or nwiU, or li-rror, iiikI IiIh llironc WAN Khiikcii liv llicNcilitiotiM of the NolditTN, tlu- p«^(>|>l<', iitiil l)i<- confcdcriiti l)iirliiiriiiim. — Uiii- uon'h lioMK, < li. :tft. n't. AMBITION, Deitrnotive. AmiHm'inition of JulivK CiiKiir. Tlic prim ipal tliiiijr thiil ex- cited tlio piiiilic Imlrcd. and iit jiist caiiMcd Ills death, waH his pasNioii for the title of kiii^'. It wnH the first thiiifr that pive olTeiice to tlit; iiiul- tltiide, iirid it afforded Ins inveteratt; eiieiuies ii v<'ry pliiuHilile pica. — I'mtaik ii. IM5. AMBITION, Determination of. Al<:riiii- ilrr llamiltiiii. His mother, while he was ^et a <'liild, had left liiiu an orphan and poor. A fafher'H<'an' lie seems never to have known. . . . I When a clerk in his native West India.) . . . To II friend of his own y<'ars |he| eonfes.sed his ainhition. " I would willinj'ly risk my life," Hjiid he, " fhon^h not my character, to exalt mv stdtion. I mean to prepare the way for futuri- ty ; we have .seen such scjiemes successful when the projector is constant." — Hanchokt'h V . S., vol. 7. eh. n. 180. AMBITION differs. Al,.r„nde)' the Qrmt and Pariiifnio. Darius had sent a second em- hiifwy to Ah^.xander, wliilc! he was engaged in the Hi(!ge of Tyr-. The; Persian now assurncid n humhier tone, lie; offered ten thousand talents for the ransom of his mother and his (|U(;en, and he agreed to give Alexander his daughter Statini In marriage, with all tln^ .Vsiatic provinces to the westward of the Ktiphrales for her |)ortioii. When the.s(^ terms were made known to the Macedonian ofllcers, I'armenio could not help remarking, Miat, were he Alexander, he would not iiesitate a moment to accept of them. " And I," replied tke king, "might thinlc so too, if I wer Ih^ Alliiuiiiit StiitfHmiiii iiiiil iliinnil. 'I'liemisto cles was so carried awav with the love of glory, so immoderately desfrous of distinguishing himself by some great action, that, though he was very young wluii the battle of Mara- thon was fought, anil when tin- gr'neralship of .Milliades was everywhere extolled, yet even then he was observed to keep much alone, to be very ix-nsive, to watch whole nights, and not to atlxind the usual entertidnnieiil>i. When he was asked Hk! reason by his friends, who wondiTed at the change, he said, " The trophiesof Miltiadcs would not suffer him to .sleep."— I'l.tTMKii. I90. AMBITION, Failure of. Sir W. Si;.ii There is something of irony in such a result of the herculean labors of Scott to found and end((W a new branch of the elan of Scott. Whi-n fifteen years after liis death the estate was at length freed from debt, all his own «'hildren and the eldest of his grandchildri'ii were dead ; and now forty-six years have elapsed, and there only remains (»ne .uirl of his descendants to bor row his nimie and live in the halls of which be was so proud. And yet ibis, and this only, was wanting to give something of the grandeur of tragedy to tlu; end of Scott's great ent(!r[)rise. He valued his works littler eompiired with the house and lands which they wen, to be; the means of gaining for his desceiulants ; yet every end for which he stru.irgl<'d so gallantly is ail lint lost, while bis works have gained more of added lustn; from the losing batth^ which he foinrht so long, than they could ever have gain ed from his success. — ill 'rroN's Scott, ch. 17. 101. AMBITION, Field of. Voiin;) Hniijht. He went forth, if we are to believe literally the chroniclers of tliose ages, witli the determined ])iirpose of provoking to combat some otlnr knight of established renown ; and to effect this a pretence was never wanting. lie bad only to as.sert boldly that the lady whom it was his liaj) ])iness to serve and obey excelled every other female in beauty and in virtue, as inucli as the moon sui'iiassed th(! stars in splendor, and tj in- si.st upon every knight he met making the same acknowledgment. The high esteem of the fe male se.\ we liave before remarked to have been characteristic of the Gotliic manners. — Tytlkk's lIiHT., Book 6, ch. 10. 19S. AMBITION, Inhuman. The IHnmKiri. Octavius, Mark Antony, and I.epidus lield a conference in a .small island in tlu; middle of the river Po. They agreed that, under the title of Triumviri, they should ])os.sess tliemselvea of absolute authority ; and they made a partition on the spot of all the provinces, and divided be tween them the command of the legions. . . . TIh! Eastern provinces were as yet posses-sed In Brutus and tlie otlier conspirators, against wliom it was determined that Antony and Octjivius should immediately march with a large army. Mefore entering, liowever, upon this expedition, it was resolved to clear tlie ^vay by a proscrij)- tion of all that were obno.xious to any one of the Triumviri ; a dreadful resolution, since the firmest friends of any one of the three had nec- essarily been the enemies of tlie others. What souls must these men have possessed, who could advise or consent to so horrible a scheme ! Ij<'- pidus agreed to sacrifice bis brother I'aulus ; u l" VV«r,l N, "i.''"'"; '•'•'•■-..I. , „: ; V""" '""/«.lv "' VVunl N„ r'-i '^"u" ,'7f;;,"';"-\/'" "' .. '"7; '""-"rrov; ' •''"^"^ lit JiTf®^' literary ,,.,, """ "l)v l»r, '"■'* "^ (/mi I,/ • "'•'" and >"'>mii„a of te""" 'Ini'iw", r , S' ■ !'»■ "'"l '"''• Tli.r, *"'^< lofty 7v '""•"•y tail (1. . ' "'"'"ll .Mil,. .'^'V''' '•« 'IK' will. ""' '"'•"Kills ,,f l»"n»«i NO of "•'•''•I', in M. , ''^'.'{^'""•l. '/■;,/",'" ''"•«•. ''■'^' "<> V ,Z "•;"/ '"'•' '•<•;:&;., ";i/"V"/"'"'-'>'^ ""•^ '""1 > ■ I :; """"" '•"'•<"•'• "i ;'t* '^"^^'^ ^^' 'T'eser.— Tv ., . >^ ""Ptizt'd or , .. "^ »'" aoo Air ''''"« HiHi. n 1 ''^''"'ued ii, •„..„i''.H^V«l'eI,adJ.n..i'^: To«uel,d«r.K;!:l^J'^^^ „^^ mcVtoH "^ I'C oric 1'"'*^ '^^ 0* ^•''OsheatlS j^?"""" ^'^-ftniple of ??n'^ "'e fe ^«r^ %ron, as weljTn,„ J ','?'"«ted by ^, '""f 'Evolved To'' 'I ^^"ch ' '""J J discipline of Ws,?"*"^' °f C jfen?"''^"^ t«r- ^'•^ '-P3. the a jro?sSi£: •7 / ; '1 AMHITION-AMKHU A. 25 Id. r iiml fvrn liv tlw tcrrfir of Ills niuiw.- Oiiihon'b UoMK, eh. ':!!). 'iOtl. AMBITION, aiaepUii. Srihomil II. j F"'ciirlii>^ the lirilicM nl' his i nt'iiiirs, lie Hciit for Ills pi'iliK' vi/.irr III iiiiiliiiKlii. wlio I'liiiii' with iniK'li itliirin to Inirn Muhoiiiil'M mixirty hi pos HCHMCoiisiiiiiiinopIr I " Lulu "(or piTcciilor), roii (iiiiiril (lie Hiiltitn, " till you sec this pillow ? All tlio iiiv'lii, ill my auritiition, I Imvc piilli>il on one Niitt'or ihi'othcr ; I liuvi- rlMcii t'roin my Im-iI, ii^mIii liuvi! I lain down ; yrt Hlcrp has not vis||<>i| tjusi' weary i yrs. licwiii'f of llm pild ami Hllvcr of till! itomaiis . . . with tlii' aid of (iod and the priiy«'rs of the prophet, we shall s|Kedlly he eome masters of (.'oiihliinlinoiile, " — (JiliiioNS UoMi:, ( h. (W. !I0:I. AMBITION, Spurred. (Wnftid Sehuyhr. A.n. 1777. !*•''"• Uales asked ConjjresM to ap- point himself to supersede Schuyler in eommand at Alliaiiy and 'rieondero^a. | Ills iinetiHy and unihitioiis wif(' let her volet- he heard : " If you icivi! up one iolii, and (•ondes<'end to lie adjutant general, I may for^^ive it, hut never will forjjet it." [III! was iintit for either iiosition, hut >,mined his point.] — Banckokt'h l. H., vol. 1), eh. W). 90J. AMBITION, Snbordinated. Oliirr Crom- well. Maeaulay . . . .says: "'riu! amliition of Oliver was of no vuljfiir kind. IIo never Hcems to have coveted despotic power, lie, at Hrst, foujflit sincerely and manfully for the Parliament, and never deserted it till it liad d(>- serted its duly. Hut even when thus placed hy violence at the head of alFairs, he did nota.ssumc luriimited jiower. II(! jjave the country a con- stitulioii far more jierfect than any which had, at thai time, lieen known to the world. For himself, he demanded indeed the first iilaee in the Commonwealth, hut with powers .scarcely HO j^reat as those of a Dutch stadtholder or an American president, lie pive to Pariiameiit a voice in the appointment of ministers, and left it to \\w whole le;;islativ() authority, not even re.s(!rvin^ to himself u veto on its enactments ; and he did not reciuire that the chief miiKistracy HhouUl be hereditary in his family. Thus far, if the circumstances of the time and the ojipor- tunities which he had for ajr/^randizing himself be fairly considered, lie will not Jose by com- parison with Wa.shiugton and Holivar. " — I'ood's C'llOMWELL. ch. 1. a05. AMBITION, Unhappy. Tiino)n' the 7)tr- 1i'Ki>i.\ OK Mioo., J). ;i()l. aO«. AMBITION, War of. "S,r,n Yxirx' Wnr." [Frech-rick the (freat professed frieiidship and support to the voung ruler of .Viislria. I Yet the King of Prussia, the " Aiiti .Machiavef," had al- ready fully determined to commit the great criiiK! of vfolating his plii,'hted faith, of rolihing the ally whom he was bound to defend, and of plunging all Euroju' into a long, bloody, and desolating war, anil all this for no end whatever exee|)t that he might extend his doniinions and see his iiaiiK! in the gazettes, lie determined to assemble a great army with speed and .secrecy to invade Silesia before Maria Theresa shoulil bo apprised of his design, and to add that rich ])rov- ince to his kingdom . . . To {|uole his own words : " Ambition, interest, the desire of mak- ing |ieo])le talk about nie, carried the day, and I decided for war." — MA('.\L'i..\v'rt FujiuKUKK THK GllKAT, J). 28. tKM). AMERICA for Americans. " .}fonrm! Doctrine." The British and French iiiiiiisters ])!dposed to the American Government to enter into a Tripartite Treaty — so called — in which each of the contracting nations was to disclaim then and forever all intention of possessing Cuba. To this iirojio.sal Mr. [Alex. II. j J>erett replied in one of the most masterly State pajiers on record. Great Britain and France we.-e in- formed . . . that the Federal Government did not recognize in any Eurojieaii ])ower the right to meddle with attairs purely American, and that, in accordance with the (lix'trine set forth by President ]\Ionroe, any such interference would be resented as an affront to the sover- eigntv of the United States. — Hiui'Atu's U. S., ch. .W. 210. AMEBICA, Future of. Jjifiuiette. IIo received the order of the king [of France] to give up his expedition [in aid of the Americans] . . . he braved the order, and . . . embarked for America. . . . To his young wife . . . he wrote on board the Victory, at sea ; ' ' From love to mc become a good American ; 2»i AMEUICA-AMrSKMKNTM. tliK wi'lfiiro rif Aiik'I'IihIh (lowly lionrnl up with till! wclfiiru of ull iniiiikind ; it Im uIhiiiI to Im> oonio llio wifo iwyliiiu of virtue, lolmiici-, t'qniillty, hikI iwiuiful iilK-rly. " — IJaniuokt'h I'. H,. vol. 0, ell. in. ill I. AMKRICA, MiMion of. .Mm Aihimx. "I lilwuyM," Hitiil .John AiiiitiiM, " ('oiihIiIit tiie Hcltlciiicnl of Aini-ricii willi rcvcri'iu)' iiikI won tier, ikM till- opi'iiin^ (if II >rrmi(| hcciic uml (IchIi;!) ill I'roviiii'iicc for llic ilhiiiiiniitioti of tlie igno runt iiiiii tiic ('iiiiiii('i|iikli(>ii of llic NiaviMli part of iniiiiliiiiil nil over lilt) furlli."— ll.vNfUoKTH L'. S.. vol. 5, ell. II. ilia. AMXBIOA, ProphMjr of. Shrmont („ G,orfie III. [Ill A.i>. Im.') he iircdictcd If Wv t'oioiiii'H Ruined iiidi'pciidciici' : | I'licy iiii);lit con qiicr both your islitiid.s mid oiirH . . . in proccNH of tiiiKi uiivikiicc to (he Houllicrn continent of Anii-ricii, mid cither hiiIkIiii! their inliitliitiiniM, or curry them iiloiiir willi tlieiii, mid in the end not leilVi! II foot of lliut hellii.Hplure ill tlie po.txcssion of nil Kiiropeun power . . . Iieiiii; remote lliey an! not tliu Icmh wuic. — IJanciiokt'i* L'. H., vol. 8, di. ni. illil. AMERICA, Traniformation in. " Finnttnin of Youth." Oil the diMcoscry of the new lieiiii- Hpli? waters liuvt! oower l()reu!iimul( ujfo und restore itH |irim(!. llu; tiadition was tnut; liiit the youth to lu! rencwd wus the yoiilli of soci- ety ; the life to bloom afresli was \\n\ life of the race. — Uanciiokt'm '. . S., vol. .1, cli. I!J. iilJ. AMERICANS deipiied. Dr. Sumiid John- ton. ll(t had recently tmliliHlied a pamplii(!t, en- titled " 'I'lLxutioii no 'I'vrmuiy ; an Answer to thu Uesolutions and Addritss of tliu Americnii (JonKrcsH." . . . As early us 17(10 . . . ho had Hald of lliein, " Sir, they are a raci; of convicts, and ou>;ht to Ih; thunkful for anything we al- low them short of hanging." — Hohwkm.'h John- HON, p. 2;<7. ai;i. AMERICANS hated. Dr. SninidJo/m- Hon. He said : " 1 am willing to lov(( ull man- kind, fJ"'V7)< ail Aiiw rial n ;" and his intlammu- blo corruption bursting into liorrid tire, \\o " lirouthed out threatenings and .slaughter," calling them, " lluscals, roblx^rs, pirates;" vnd exclaiming, he'd "bum and destroy tl.i .i " Miss Seward, looking to him with mild (> .t Htwidy astonishment, said : " Sir, this is :\ii in- stance that we are nlways most violent ag .inst tlioso whom we have injured." He wa:t irritat(!d still more by this delicate und keen rei)roach. — Bohwi:m/h JoiiNhoN, J). !J8(). 316. AMUSEMENT, Captivated by. Louis Phi- lippe. [The Duke of OileaiiH travelled in the Uni- tcfi States j/ic^w/.] At a tavern the duke leinonF a- ted with the lundludy for not attending to their ■wants. She replied that there was a show in the village, the tinst show ever seen in that coun- try, and she was not going to stay at liome her- Bclf, nor re(]uirc any one else to stay, to wait on anybo(ly ; not she, indeed 1 — Cyclopedia ok Bigg., p. 509. 317. AITUSEMEHT, Disappointed in. Monks. In England . . . the Gray Friars of Francis [ar- rived] in 1224. They had hardly landed at Dover before they made straight for London and Ox- ford, In their ignorance of the road the first two gray hrothers loHt their wav in tlie woods between ( )xford and lluldoii, and. h'urful of night and of the floods, tiirncil uside to a grunge of the monkit of Abingdon. Their rugged clothes und foreign gestures, us they priiveil for luispitulity, led Ihn (lorterlo take tliem fur Jongleurs, the jesters and iigiflers of the (lav. unil the news of this break n the iiioiiolotiy of their lives brought prior, .sacrist, and cellarer to the door to welcome them and witness their trick*. The disuppoinlmciil wus loo much for the temper dI' the monks, and the Ill-others were kicked roiiglily from the gulo (o 'lii,! their iiiiflifs lodgings under a tree.— llisl'. OK |;n(1. I'Kdl'I.K, j; "JOH. 3 IN. AMUSEMENTS, Brutal, Itrooilsirorfh. During th ' llr.sl half of the eitrhleeiilh century, ull ranks ','uthered to see " a trial of skill between two masters of the uolilc science of defence." The tights of the ring have been brutali/ing enough ; but to behold two men cut at each other with broadswords, till one wus (li>.ablcd by severe wounds on tlii\ forehead und \\u' leg, wiisii lirutalitv that was ul its height in the Augustun uge. — IvNKiiiTS Kn(1., vol. 5, ell. 27. 310. AMUSEMENTS of Combat, h'omon Th,- iiliY. l'(iiii|iey (l((ii( iiled a new theulre, and delighted the mob with games und races. Five liuiidrcd lions wcrt" consumed in five davH of comliat. As a special novelty, eigliteen ele- pliunts were muih^ to tight with soldiers ; and, as a yet more extraordiniiry jilieiiomenon, tlu; sunguinarv Itoman snectalors sliowed signs of (dinpuiicllon at their sulTerings. The poor beasts wen; (juiet and harmless. VVheii wounded with Uw lances llicy turned away, threw up their trunk. >, and trotted round tin.' circus, crying, as it In protest, against wanton cruelty. I In; story went that they were half human ; that they had been seduced on board the African tninsports by a i)roinise that they should not be ill-used, and they were supposed to be appealing to the gods. — Fuouuk'b CiKSAii, ch. ir.. 330. AMUSEMENTS, Degraded by. Romans. The drama, even in Horace's days, had degen- erat.'d into a vehiclt! for the exhibition of scen- ic splendor or ingenious machinery. Dignity, wit, pathos, were no longer cxiM'cted on tho stage, for tlve dramatist was eclipsed by tho swordsman or the rojie-dancer. The actor* who al).sorl)ed Ww greatest part of popular favor were ])antoniimisls, wliose insolent prosperity was generally in ilirect proportion to the infamy of their chuructcr. And while the shameles8ncs.H of tlm theatre corrupt.'d the purity of ail classes from tli(! earliest age, tlieheurtsot the multitude were mude liurd as tlie nether millstone with brutal insensibility, by the fury of the circus, the atrocities of the uinphitheutre, and the cruel orgies of tlie games, Augustus, in the d(}cu- nicnt annexed to his will, nuintioned that ho had exhibited eight tliousand gladiators and three thousand five hundred and ten wild beasts. — Fakuah's Eaiu.v Days, ch. 1. 331. AMUSEMENTS, DeUght in. Circus, Tho most lively and splendid amusement of the idle multitude depended on the frequent exhibition oi public games and spectacles. The piety of Cliristiun princes liad suppressed the inhuman combats of gladiators ; but the Roman people still considered the circus as their home, their ^ AMI SKMKNTS— AN(JKI. a? I trmplf, ami tlu' will of tli<> rcpiihlir. The liii putlfiit criiwil riiNlicil at tin- tliiwii of dity to si- inrK tlx'ir pliiicM, uml tluri' were inniiy who i)i)hn(mI u Nlt'i'plcHM anil anxioim iil^lit in liic iiil- Jacnit |Hirti('(M. From tlif iiiorniti); lo the cvi'iiiii};, cari'lt'MM of till- H(' and fear, for llic siiccfssof llic (•((/«/•« wlilcli llicy t'spotiHt'd ; and tlic liappini'ss of Home aplirurril to iiaiiffon llic tvcnl ol a vmv. — UlliiioNH Udmk, ell. :m. tl*i4. AMUSEMENTS lnt«rdioted. /(// I'uri- tiiim. I'id)iic ainiiHcnicnlH, from llw inaM(|ii<'s wliicli were cxiiiliitcd at tli<- mansions of tjir jfrcat down lo llic wrcstlinir malclics and >;rin- niiiK malciit'H on villairc uircns, were viiforously atlackt'd. One ordinani !■ dincli'd lliat all tlic May poles in Knulaiid slionld foiiliwilli lie liiwn down. Anotlicr proscrilird all tlinitrical di versions. The play houses were to he disman- tled, the spectators tilled, the iiclors whipped at the cart's tail. Uoiic-dancin.tf, puppclshows, howls, horseracinit. were rej^arded with no friendly eye. Hut hear hailiii),', men ii favorile diversion of Idirli and low, was the ahomination which most stirred the wrath of the austere wu'taries . . . not hccause it pivc pain to the l)ear, hi't hecaust! it j;ave pleasure lo lh(( specta- tors. Indeed, he |;enerally <'oiilrlved lo enjoy tht! (louhle pleasure of tormenlin)? lioth the spec- tjitors and the bear. — M.vc.vui.w's Hist, ok Eno., ch. 11. aaa. amusements, sanguinary. li»rmii fir- CVH. Ily \\w order of [llrvcmperorj I'rohus, a ffrotit (piantity of lari^c trees, torn \in liy the roots, wero transplanted into the midst of the circus. The apacious and shady forest was im- mediately fliled with a thousand ostriches, a thoustmcl Htatfs, a thousand fallow deer, and a IhouHiind wiul hoars ; antl all this variety of game was abandoned to the riotous inipetuosiiy of the multitude. The trajjedy of the succeed- ing day consisted in the massacre of a hundred lionH, an ecpial number of liones.ses, two hun- dred leopards, and three hundred bears. TIk; collection prepared by the younjjer Oordian for his triumph, and which his successor exhibited in the secular games, was less remarkable by the number than by the singularity of the ani- mals. Twenty zebras displayed their elegant fonifs and variegated beauty to the eyes of the lioman people. Ten elks, and as many camel- 'opards, the loftiest and most harmle.ss creat- ures that wander over the i)laiiis of Sar- matia and Ethiopia, were contrasted with thirty African hyenas and ten Indian tigers, tlu; most implacable .savages of the torrid zone. The unoflfending strength with which Nature has endowed the greater C|uadrupeds was ad- mired in the rhinoceros, the hippopotamus of the Nile, and a majestic troop of thirty-two ele- phants . . . and properties ot so many dilTerent species, transported from every part of the ancient world into the amphitheatre of Rome. But this accidental benefit, which science might derive from folly, is surely insufficient to jus- tify such a wanton abuse ot the public riches. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 12. tMI. AMUSEMENTS, Sanday. U,im,H |In l.MCI, I after the eveiilni: service, to hIiimiI at lli^ baths, to play at football, even lo s«'e an inter- lude, were not accounted unchristian oecu|ni- lions. Koiind the old manor house the lads and lasses of the village would have their Sun- day evening games of barley liteak and liaiiil- ball. while Ihe H(|uire, and even llie parson, would look approvingly on. — KsKiiri s K.no., vol. :», ch. Id, p. '2.11. ihl.1. ANCESTRY, Humble. I'.hI 11, „■„,:■. \\U father was a Komaii slave, who, some years before Horace was born, olilaiiied liji "free dom. " Kverybody has a lling at me," he says in one of his satires (the sixth of n first), "because I am afreMlniMn's son." H" owed his name lo the fact ihat his father's master belonged to the Horaliaii tribe. — (vri.ii- I'KDi.v OK Itioii.. p. :I7:<. 4'Jns of royally around him. ilut his genealogist says, " lie began to be illustrious many years before his birth, and we must look back into history, above two thousand y^-ars, to discover Ihe tlrst rays of his glory. V'e may consider," continues Ihe writer, "him very great, being descended from the two most illus- trious and ancient houses of Kurope, thai of Knglandand Palatine of the Rhine." And then the writer goes on to lrac(! up his ancestry to Atlila, Charlemagne, and so down through ti suct'cssion of Uui)erts, Louis, Fredericks. The facts after the birth of Rupert are an atfecting satire upon all this. (He was headstrong and imprudent.)— Hood's Cuo.mwki.i,, ch. It. aar. ancestry, Unllke. OrlnniM I'rincvH. These Orleans princes became, in the <'ouise of four or five generations, immensely rich — tlic! richest family in Franc(', if not in Kurope. One Duke of Orleans gave away in charl'v every year a quarter of a million francs ; tw > others were the scandal of Christendom for extrava- gance and debauchery, and still their estates in- creased. It hapi)eiie(l, curiously enough, that a virtuous Duke of Orleans usually had a very dissolute .son, and a dissolute duke a virtuous .son, so that what one s(iuandered the next heir made up by economy. l*hilit)pe, brother of Louis XIV'., was tolerably steady; his .son. Philippe, Ite.uent of France, was one of the most shameless roues, gluttons, and wine-bib- bers that I'ver lived ; hinm-tw, Louis, was a down- right devotee and bigot ; fun Him, Louis Philippe, was not 'vliat we should call a moral man. but he was very moral for the France of that day, exceedingly charitable, and a most liberal patron of art and literatuns ; /u'k son, Louis Philippe Jo.seph, was that notorious debauchee and pretended democrat wlio figured in the first years of the French Revolution as "Egalite. ' — CYCLOPKDt/V OK Bioo., p. 504. aa§. ANGEL, Delivering. Joan of Air. When it was day, the Maid rode in solemn pro- cession through the city, clad in complete armor, and mounted on a white horse. Dunois was by her side, and all the bravest knights of her army and of the garrison followed ia her T •Z8 AN'OKIl— ANIMAF.S. Irir!:i. Tho wlioln pnpiiliilioi) fliron^icd aroiiml licr ; iind moil, svoincii, timl cliildicii sItdvc to touch her pirincnlH. or lirr hniincr, or Iht (:litir>,'('r. They iHMircd forlli Mfssinirs on her, whom tlicy iilrciidy considered their deliverer. In tlie wonls used hy two of tiiem !itterwiird he- fon; tile tril)UUiil wiiieii reversed tlie sentence, hut could not restore tlr^ life of tl:i' viririn miirtyr of France, "tlie people of Orleans, when Ihey first saw her in Mieir city, tliou.udit that it was an anifcl from lieuven that iiad come down U> save them." .Joan spoke f,fently in rejily to their acclamations and addresses. 'She lolll them t(. fear(iod, and trust in Him for .safety from the fury of their enemies. — Dixisivk J}.\ttm;s, i; ;!H1. 2il9. ANOER, Symptom of. St. ih'lenii Sir Hudson J^owe, very olTensiv«? to him. After ])ok'on said :| " \\\t liad a hiive heen thrown ((uite out y, attended the motions of the multitude to ])artake in the spoil ; but their genuine leaders . . . were a goose and a goat, who were carried in the front, and to whom these worthy Christians ascribed an infusion of the di\ine spirit.— GinnoN's Bomk, vol. 5, ch. 58, p. b'i'i. a3§. ANIMALS, Service of. Sheplierd'e Dog. Without the shepherd's dog the mountainous land in Fngjand would not l)e worth sixpence. [T)" dog brings the sheep from heights untrod- dL- tythe foot of man].— Knight's Eno., vol. 7, c. 2, p, 33, T ANIMOSITY— ANXIETY. 20 830. ANIKOSITY, Fraternal. Cararnlln and GcUi. TliL'ir aversidii, coiiflrincd by years, and fomented by the ail« of liieir iiitcrcsied favor- ites, broke out iti childish and Kradiially in nion* serious conipotition.s ; and, at Icns^lh, divided the tlieatre, tiie eireus, and tlie court into two factioiiH, actuated by the hopes and fearsof their respe(;tive leaders. Tlie jirudent eniju'ror [Sev- cruHJ endeavored, by every e.xix'dient of advice and authority, to allay this growinjj; animosity. The unhappy discord of his sons clouded all his prospects, and threatened to overturn a throne raised with so much labor, cemented with mo nuich l)lood, and guarded witli every defence of arms and tnw.sure. With an impartial hand \\v maint^iined between tiicm an e.xact Imlancuj of favor, (HMiferred on both the rank of Augustus, witli tli(! revered name of Antoiunus ; and for th(! first time the Roman world beheld three emperors. Y'et even this ecjual conduct .served only to inflame tlu; contest, while the fierce C'ani<"alla a.sserted the right of primogeniture, and the milder Geta courted the affections of the people and the soldiers. In the anguish «f a disappointed father, Severus foretold that the weaker of his sons would fall a sacrifice to the stronger ; who, in his turn, would be ruined by his own vices. [See more at No. 1096. It was a true prophecy. He was assassinated.] — Giu- uon's Rome, eh. 0. 840. AHIM0SIT7 of Ignorance. Iteign of Charles II. It was very .seldom that the coun- try gentleman caught glimpses of the great world, and what he saw of it tended rather to confuse than to enlighten his underst^mding. His opinions respecting religion, government, foreign countries, and former times, having been derived, not from study, from observation, or from conversation with enlightened companions, but from such traditions as were current in his own small circle, were the opinions of a child. He i -ihered to tliem, however, with the obsti- nacy which is generally found in ignorant men accustomed to be fed with flattery. His ani- mosities were numerous and bitter. He hated Frenchmen and Italians, Scotchmen and Irish- men, papi-sts and Presbyterians, Independents «nd Baptists, Quakera and Jews. Toward London and Londoners he felt an aversion which more than once produced important political effects. — Macaulay's Eng., cl . 3. 341. ANIMOSITY, Unreasonable. Anti-Cath- olic. [At the funeral of Godfrey, a Protestant magistrate in 1678, there was great excitement, as the Catholics were supposed to have murder- o-d him to suppress further inqiury concerning the Popish plot against the life of the king.] The crowd was prodigious, and so heated that any- thing called Popish, were it called cat or dog, had probably gone to pieces in a moment. — Knight's Eng. , vol. 4, ch. 20, p. 334. 343. ANNOUNCEMEKT, Appalling. Iticluird III. But if he hated the qneenn kindred Hastings was as loyal as the Woodvilles them- selves to the children of Edward IV. ; and the next step of the two dukes was to remove this obstacle. Little more than a month had passed after the overthrow of the Woodvilles when Richard suddenly entered the coun- cil-chamber and charged Hastings with sorcery and attempts upon his life. As he dashed his hand upon the table the room filled with sol- diery. " I will not dine," .said the duke, turn- ing to the nunister, " till they have brought me your head." Hastings was hurried to execution in the {'ourtyard of the Tower, his fellow-coun- sellors thrown into prison, and tlie Inst cheek on Richard's aml)iti(in was removed. — Hist, ok Eno. Pkoi'lk, 55 4»0. 343. ANTIPATHY of Race, hrloml. Tlioug.t not perse('Ut<'d as a Roman Catholic, he was op^ pressed as an Irishman. In his counliy, tlut same line of demarkation which separated re- ligions separated races ; and \\v was of the con- (|uered, the sui)jugated, the degraded race. On the same .soil dwelt two populations, locally in- termixed, morally and politically sundered. The difference of religion was by no means the only (lift"erence, and was, perhaps, not even the chief difference which existed between them. They sprang from diirerent stocks. They sjwkc different languages. They had different nation- al characters as strongly opposed as any two national characters in Europe. They were in widely different stages of civilization. There could, therefore, be little .sympathy between them ; and centuries of calamities and wrongs had generated a strong antipathy. — Mac allays Eng., ch. 6. 344. ANTIQUITY, Pride in. Athfnians. This respectable people was not free from the com- mon vanity of nations, of attributing to it.self a measure of antiquity far beyond all bounds of probability. The Athenians . . . seemed to claim for their own nation an anticpiity coeval with the formation of the earth ; which was just as allowable as the boast of the Arcadians, that they were . . . older than tlie moon. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 1, ch. 6. 345. ANXIETY, Conaximing. Marlborough. [Duke of Marlborough, after the glorious results of the campaign of 1704, was eager for its re- newal the next year ; but receiving a cold sup- port and obstinate counsels from his allies, he was unable to do anything, while the French had every opportunity to organize success. He wrote :] I have for these last ten days been so troubled by the many disappointments I have had, that I think if it were possible to vex me so for a fortnight longer, it would make an end of me. In short, I am weary of my life. — Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 20. 346. ANXIETY, Parental. Robert Burm's Father. For the old man, bis long struggle with scanty means, barren soil, and bad .sea.sons, was now near its clo.se. Consumption had set in. Early in 1734, when his last hour drew on, the father .said that there was one of his children of whose future he could not think without fear. Robert, who was in the room, came up to his bedside and asked, " <> father, is it me you mean ?" The old man s.nid it was. Robert turned to the window, with tears .streaming down his cheeks, and his bosom swelling, from the restraint he put on himself, almost to bursting. The father had early perceived the genius that "vvas ir Lis boy, and even in Mount Oliphant days had said to bis wife, " Whoever lives to see it, something extraordinary will come from that boy." He had lived to see and admire his son's earliest po- etic efforts. But he had also noted the strong I ' : M yo anxif:ty-aim'aiuti()N. ftnssions, with tliC wcuk will, which iiii^'lit drivo him on tho slioiils of life— Sh.viui'h JhriiNs, ch. 1. air. ANXIETY of Eesponsibility. Ahnihom Lini'"lii. [Hon. ScliiiylcrColfux. | " One nioniinir I found him l(K)lik, ch. 62. 'JA I. APOSTASY, Open. Romanm. Alter Ca- led [the leader of the Mohanunedansl had Im- pose(i the terms of .servitude and tribute, tho ai)oslate or convert avowed in the assembly of the peo])le his meritorious treason : " I renounce your society," .said Ktmianus, "both in this "world and the world to come. And 1 deny Him that was(Tuciti('(l, and wh'woever worships Him. .\iid I choose God for my Lord, Islam for my faith. Mecca for my temple, the Moslems for my brethren, and Mahomet for my prophet ; who was sent to lead us into tlu; right way, and to exalt the tnuf religion in spite of those who join partners with God."— Giuiion's Uo.mk, ch. 51. 25*2. APOSTASY, Primitive. Persecution. In every persecution there were great numbers of unworthy Christians who jiublicly disowned or renounced the faith which they had professed ; and who confirmed the sincerity of their adju- ration by tin; legal acts of burning incense or of offering'saerifices. Some of these apostates had yielded on the first menace or exhortation of tho "magi.strate, while the i)atience of others had been subdued by the length and repetition of tortures. Tin- affrighted countenances of some betrayed tliejr inward remorse, while others -xd- vanced with contidence and alacrity to \\ altars of the gods. Hut the disguise v \( j , ... had impo.sed subsisted no longer *han tho l)re.sent danger. As soon as the severity of tho persecution was abated, the doors of the churches were assailed by the returning multi- tude of penitents, who detested their idolatrous submission, and who solicited with equal ar- dor, but with various success, their readmis.sion into the society of Christians.— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 16. 253. APOSTATES forgiven, rrunitice Church. The gates of reconciliation and of heaven were seldom shut against the returning penitent ; but a severe and solemn form of discipline wa.s instituted, which, while it served to expiate his crime,, might powerfully deter the spectators from the imitation of his example. Hum- bled by a public confession, emaciated by fasting, and clothed in sackcloth, the penitent lay jjrostrate at the door of the assembly, im- jjloring with tears the pardon of his offences, and soliciting the prayers of the faithful. If the fault was of a very heinous nature, whole years of penance werti esteemed an inadequate satisfaction to the divine justice ; and it was alwaj's by slow and piinful gradations that the sinner, the heretic, or the apostate was reati- mitted into the bo.som of the church. — Gibbon'b R().ME, ch. 15. 254. APPAEITION, False. " Three KnighU." [The Crusaders wei'e besieged by the Turks in Antioch. By a ruse the "Holy Lance" had just been discovered.] The influence of his relic or trophy was felt by the servants, and perhaps by the enemies, of Christ ; and its potent energy was heightened by an acci- dent, a stratageiii, or a rumor, of a miraculous complexion. Three knights, in whi.e garments and resplendent arms, either issued, or seemed to issue, froia the hills ; the voice of Adhemar, the Pope's legate, proclaimed them as the mar- tyrs St. George, St. Theodore, and St. Mirurice ; the tumult of battle allowed no time for Ooubt or scrutiny ; and the welcome apparition daa- APPARITION— APPEARANCES. 31 zled the eyes or tlir Imaffintition of a fuuiit'c army. — Giiuion's Romk, eh. 58. aA5. APPAKITION, Fancied. Tlmrnx. rThc Athenians honored] Thesens a.s a d<'nii-goa, in- duced to it us well by other rea.se , as because, when they were tijjhtini^ the Medes at Marathon, ft considerable part of the army thought they saw the apparition of Theseus completely armed and beanng down before them upon the barba- rians. — :P4.UTAUC;u'« LlVKS. il46. APPARITIONS, BeUef in. SumnelJohn- gon. Of apparitions, he obsttrved : "A total disbelief of them is advc^rse to the opinion of the existence of the soid between death and the last day ; the question simply is, whether departed spirits ever have the power of making themselves perceptible to us ; a man who thinks he has seen an apparition can only be convinced himself ; his authority will not convince another ; and his conviction, if rational, must be founded on being told something which cannot be known but by supernatural means." lie mentioned a thing as not unfrequent, of which I liad never heard before — being called — that is, hearing one's name pronounced l)y the voice of a known person at a great diHtance, far beyond the possibility of being reached by any soimd uttered by human organs. ' ' An acquaintance, on whose veracity I can depend, told me, that walking home one eveiung to Kilmarnock, he heard himself called from a wood by the voice of a brother who had gone to America ; and the next packet brought accoimts of that brother's death." Macbean asserted that this inexplicable calling was a thing very well known. Dr. Johnson said, that one day ai Oxford, as he was turning the key of his chamber, he heard his mother distinctly call — .Sf^«^. She was then at Lichfield ; but nothing ensued. — Boswell's Johnson, p. 459. 357. APPEAL, The only. At Aur/itbiirff. The cardinal threatened with ban and interdict, and dismissed Luther, saying, "Go, and do not show your face again to me, unless it be to recant." Thus was Luther sent away by the cardinal, who is said to have added this remark : " I will not confer with this beast again, for it has deep eyes and wonderful speculations in its head." . . , The latter remained silent, even after Luther had written again in a humble spirit asking forgiveness for his exhibited vio- lence, promising to remain silent if his oppo- nents would do the same, and professing him- self as willing to recant, provided he were bet- ter instructed. But although he made all these concessions, he received no answer. And after he had drawn up another declaration, appealing from " the badly iniormed Pope to the better- to-be-instructed Pope," he sent it to Cajetan, and nailed a copy of it to the door of the cathedral. He then left tlie city on the 20th of October. — Rein's Luther, cb. 5. 35§. AFPEABANCES, Deceptive. Deformity. [Philopoemen, called the last of the Greeks, was mistaken by] his hostess at Megara, owing to his eiisiness of behavior and the simplicity of his garb. She having word brought that the general of the Achteans was coming to her house, was in great care and hurry to provide his supper, her husband happening to be out of the way. In the mean time Philoi^oGmen came, and, as his habit was ordinary, she took him for one of his own .servants, or for a harbinger, and de- sired him to as.sist her in the busine^ of thu kitchen. He presently threw off his cloak, and began to cleave some wood ; when the master of the house returning, and seeing him so employed, .said, " What is tlie meaning of this, Philopav men ?" He replied in broad Doric, " I am pay- ing the fine of my deformity." — Plutauch. 359. . Miner. A man of the name of Quyot lived and died in the town of Mar- seilles, in France. He amassed a large for- tune by laborious industry and severe habits of abstinence and privation. His neighbors considered him a mi.ser, and thought that he was hoarding up money from mean and avaricious motives. The populace pursued him, whenever he appeared, with hootings and execrations, and the boys sometimes threw stones at him. He at length died, and in his will were found the fol- lowing words: "Having observed from my infancy that the poor of Alanseilles are ill .sup- l)lied with water, which oan only be purcha.sed at a great price, I have cheerfully labored the whole of my life to procure for them this great blessing ; and I direct that the whole of my property shall l)e laid out in building an aque- duct for their use." 360. APPEABANCES displeasing. Oliver Crom- well. His gait was clownish, his dress ill-made and .slovenly, his manners coarse and abrupt, and face such as men look on with a vague feel- ing of admiration and dislike 1 The features cut, as it were, out of a piece of gnarled and knotty oak ; the no.se large and red ; the cheeks coarse, warted, wrinkled, and sallow ; the eve- brows huge and shaggy, but, glistening from be- neath them, eyes full of depth and meaning, and, when turned to the gaze, pierced thiough and through the gazer ; above these, again, a noble forehead, whence, on either side, an open flow of hair "round from his parted forelock manly hangs," clustering ; and over all, and pervading all, that undefinable aspect of greatness, alluded to by the poet Dryden when he spoke of the face of Cromwell as one that .... " did imprint an awe. And naturally all souls to his did bow. As wands of divination downward draw, And point to beds where sovereign gold doth grow." — II s Cromwell, ch. 4. 361. APPEABANCES, False. SamuelJohmon. Dr. Adams told me that Johnson, while he was at Pembroke College, " was careless and loved by all about him ; was a gay and frolic- .some fellow, and passed there the happie.st part of his life." . . . The truth is, that he was then distressed by poverty and irritated by disease. When JL mentioned to him this account, a.s given me by Dr. Adams, he said: "Ah, sir, I was mad and violent. It was bitterness which they mistook for frolic. I was mi.seral)ly poor, and I thought to fight my way by my literature and my wit ; so 1 disregarded all power and all authority." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 14. 363. APPEABANCES, Misjudged. OUvtr Crom- well. " It was in November, 1640," says a royalist spectator [Sir Philip Warwick], " that I . . . beheld on entering the house a person speak- ing. I knew him not ; he was dressed in the 'Si APPEAUANCKS-Al'F'LAl SH. most ordlnnry inanncr, in ii pliiiii clolli «uit which ui)[)wire(l to Imve been cut Ity Home viliajijo Iniior. Ills linen, too, was coim-nc and Noilwl. I recollect also ol)scrvin^ a speck or two of blood upon liis little liaiid. which was not much larger than his collar. Ills hat was with out a hatband ; Ins stature was of a jrood si/.e ; liis Hword stuck close to his side ; Ids count<' nance Hwollen and reddish ; his voice sharp and untunable ; undhis ehxpience full of fervor, for the subject-matter would not l)ear much of reason, it beinj^ in behalf of a lilx^ller in tin; hands of tlio executioner. 1 must avow that tin; attention bestowed by the as.send)ly on the dis- (Hmrse of this f^entienian has nnieh dinnnished my respect for the J louse of Conmions." — LaMAUTINK'H CUOMWKhL, p. 23. 36.1. APPEABANCES, Suspicious. " /.con." Citsar had some suspicion of Cassius, and In' even said one day to his friends, " Wliat thini you of Cassius ? I do not like ins i)ale looks." Another time, when Antony and Dolabella were aecu.sed of some designs aj^ain.st his ixTson and government, lie said, " I have no appreliensions from those fat and sleek men ; I rather fear the pale and lean ones" — meaning Cassius and Brutus. — Plutaucu. 264. APPEABANCES, Unpromising. liixhop George. [Philip Cox, one of the early Metho- dist itinerants, found a younj,' man, named George, and brought him to Uisliop Asbury,] and said, "I have brought j'ou a boy, and if you have anything for liiin to do you may set liim at work." Asbury looked at the youth for some time, and stroking the young man's hair said : " Whv, he is a beardless boy, and can do nothing." 'fhe next day Asbury appointed him to a circuit [and the boy became an eminent Bishop in his denomination]. — Stevens' M. E. Chukcu, vol. 2, p. 71. 365. APPETITE, Fastidious. Antony. Philo- tas . . . being acquainted with one of Antony's cooks, he was invited to see the preparations for supper. Wlien he came into the kitclien, beside an infinite variety of other provisions, he ob- served eiglit wild boars roasting whole, and ex- pressed liis 8urpri.se at tlie number of the com- pany for whom this enormous provision must have been made. Tlie cook laughed, and said that the company did not exceed twelve, but that, as every dish was to lie roasted to a single turn, and as Antony was uncertain as to the time when he would sup, particularly if an extraor- dinary bottle or an extraordinary vein of con- versation was going round, it was necessary to have a succession of suppers. — Pi.itarcii. 266. APPETITE, Perils of, Cato tlte Cemor. When the Romans were clamoring, at a time of scarcity, for a distribution of corn at tlie public expense, he began a speech in opposition to it thus : " It isliard, fellow-citizens, to address the stomach, because it has no ears. " Rebuking the Romans for their luxury, he said : " It is dimcult to save a city from ruin where a fish brings a higher price than an ox." Pointing to a man who had squandered an estate near the sea, lie pretend- ed to admire him, saying : " What the sea could not swallow without great difHculty, this man has gulped down with perfect ease." — CvcLO- PEDIA OF BlOG., p. 421. 36T. APPETITE, Protest of. KraxmnH mid, " All the world is agreed amongns inionimend- ing his" [Luther's] " moral character. He hath given us good advice on certain points: and (Jod grant that bis success may be etjual to the liberty which be hiilli tiiken. Luther hath com- mittell two iini)iinloii!d)le crimes : he liath touched tiid'op''"!"*""""'''"^^"' "•"'""' "i<'"'^'» upon the belly."— ItKiN'sLuTUlcu, eh. •■Hi. afl«. APPETITE, Ruled by. Epinnr. When an epicure desired to Ih^ iidmilled into Cato's friendship, he said, " lie could not live with a miiii whose pul.'ite hiid quicker sen.siitioiis than his heart."— 1*1. rT.vian. 209. APPETITES, Indulgence of. Flcmixh Gentry. lii(l<'r these forms of chivalry, awk- wardly imitated from romances, the history of Fianilers at this i)eriod is nevertheless one fiery, .ioyous, brutal, Imeelmnalian revel. Under color of "tournuvs, feats of arms, and feasts of the ]{ound Table, there is one wild whirl of light and common gallantries, low intrigues, and intermin- able junketings. The true device of the epoch is that presumptuously tiiken by the sire de Ter- nantatthe lists of Arras : " Quejuiedemes dem'rs (im»icmitnre, ft junuiiH d'autrc bkn," " Let my desires lie satisfied, I wish no other good." — Michelet's Joan ok Akc, p. 27. 2TO. APPLAUSE, Ancient. German.'^. It was the practice to signify by a hollow murmur their dislike of such timid counsels. But when- ever a more popular orator proposed to vindicate the meanest citizen from either foreign or do- mestic injury, whenever he ailed upon hi* fcllow-coilntfymen to a.ssert the national honor, or to pursue .some enterprise full of danger and glory, a loud cla.shing of shields and spears express the eager applause of the as- sembly. For the Germans always met in arms, and it was constantly to be dreaded, lest an ii- rcgular multitude, inflamed with faction and strong liquors, should use those arms to enforce, as well as to declare, their furious resolves. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 9. 27 1 . APPLAUSE, Consequence of. Sa m vel John - son. ' ' ' The applause of a single human being i.* of great consequence. ' This he said to me witli great earnestness of manner, very near tlie time of his decease, on occasion of having desired mo to read a letter addressed to him from some per- son in the North of England ... as I thought being particular upon it might fatigue him, it being of great length, I only told him in general that it was highly in his praise ; and then he expressed himself as above." — Boswell's John- son, p. 439. 272. APPLAUSE, Indifference to. Kapoleon T. [Returning in a coach from his successful wars with Italy and Austria.] Illuminations, proces- sions, bonfires, the ringing of bells, the explo- sions of artillery, the liuzzas of the people . . . accompanied him all the way. ... He but slight- ly regarded the applau.se of the populace. " It must be delightful," said Bourrienne, "to be greeted with such demonstrations of enthusiastic admiration." "Bah!" Napoleon replied, " this same unthinking crowd, under a slight change of circumstances, would follow me just as eager- ly to the scaffold." — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 9. APPMOATK )N— A HC'I I IT K( Tl HE. ;}3 973. APFUOATION neglected. Magiu-tk Nee- dle. The property of tlie indi/nctic needle, in turning consUintly to tiie Nortlicrn Pole, was known in Europe ns eiirlv as llie tiiirteentli cen- tury ; but it wiiH not till above ii century af'Icr Jliat any one attempted to apply it to the pur- poHCK of navigation. Tiiat most ancient nation, the Chinese, are, indeed, said to have known th(! proi)erty of the majjnet for a thousand years before us ; yet il is believed that till f>itr seven- teenth century, when European example liad reached them, they bad nevcT thought of usinjr it in .sailing. The English, in the reign of E(C ■ward III., arc .said to have first em|)loyed the compass in their ships, but the world owed to the Portuguese the first great experiments of the value of tins invention in the advancement of navigation. — Tyti.ku's Hist., Book 6, ch. 18. tir4. APPOINTMENT, Embarrassment by. Miimttr Adams. There was excitement in the great world of London on tlie 1st of June, 1785 ; for on that day a minister representing the Uni- ted Stntes was to be presented, for the first time, to a king of England. And who should that minister be but Jolin Adams, the man who had taken the lead in urging on tJic revolted colonies to declare tliemselves an independent nation ! . . . In a few minutes the Secretary of State came to conduct liim to the king. The royal closet was merely an ordinary parlor. The king was .seated in an arm-chair at the end opposite the door — a portly gentleman, with a red face, white eye- brows, and white hair, wearing upon his breast the star indicative of his rank. Upon entering the room, Mr. Adams bowed low to the king ; then, advancing to the middle of the room, Tie bowed a second time ; and, upon reaching the immediate presence of the king, he made a third deep reverence. This was the prescribed custom of the Court at that day. The only persons present at the interview were the king, Mr. Adams, and the Secretary of State, all of whom were visibly embarrasseci. It was, indeed, a scene without a parallel in the whole history of diplomacy. Mr. Adams was the least moved of them all, though he afterward confessed that be was much agi- tated, and spoke with a voice that was sometimes tremulous. — Cyclopedia of Biog., p. 181. 375. APPOINTMENT, Humiliating. Cmar. For the moment they [the opposing Senators] appeared to have thought that with Bibulus's help they might defy Csesar and reduce his office to a nullity. Immediately on the elections of the consuls, it was usual to determine the prov- inces to which they were to be appointed when their consulate should expire. The regulation lay with the Senate, and, either in mere spleen or to prevent Csesar from having the command of an army, they allotted him the department of the " Woods and Forests." A very lew weeks had to pass before they discovered that they liad to do with a man who was not to be turned aside so slightingly. — Fboude's C^:sak, ch. 12. 376. APPOINTMENT, Partisan. Polk's Ad- minwtratiim. The Administration had obviously endeavored from the first to create a Democratic hero out of the [Mexican] war. Authorized to appoint a large number of officers in the in- creased military force raised directly by the United States, an unjust discrimination was made in favor of Democrats. . . , Not one Whig was included [among the ten major and brigarrandeiir and beauty in the three orders bcfon^ ineiition- cd, and to prove that it is not ]>ossihl(' to fi'atnc a new order uidess by c(>nd)iiiinir mid .sliirhtly varyinjf theold. — 'rYTi.Kii's llisr., M(Hik2, cli. 7. as.l. ARCHITECTURE, Defective. Kumithiii. It must l)e all()\ve(l that Ihosc; inMntiinciils which remain to us of the works of art ainonti; the Egyi)lians, thoui;!! venerable! on account of their anticiuily, and sometimes exhibitiiit; a prand and sulSlinu! api)earanc(! from their im- mensity, are extremely defective in beauty and elegance. How intiiutely inferior, in point of taste, are the pyramids, the ol)(,'lisks, the sphinx and colossal statues, (Ik; pillars of Luxor, to the simplest remains of the; ancient temples in Greece ! In architectiu'e, one of th(! most ob- vious inventions, and one of tlie greatest im- provements, l)oth in point of utility and beauty, the con.struction of an arch, was quite unknown to the Egyptians. This di^fect gives an awk- ward anci heavy appearance to their buildings, and nuist have o('(^a.sioned a vast expense of lalKjr, which might otherwise have been spared. — Tyti.ek's Hist., IJook 1, ch. 4. ai'l. ARCHITECTURE, Excellence of. Greeks. Tho Greeks are universally acknowledged as tho parents of architect un;, or at least of that peculiar style of which all after ages have con- fessed the superior excellence. ,The Grecian architecture consisted of three different manners, or what artists have termed the tluce distinct or- ders : the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Do- ric was probably the first regular onUir among tbe Greeks. It na.s a ma-sculine grandeur, and a superior air of strength to botli the others. It is, therefore, the best adapted to works where magnitude and sublimity are the principal ob- jects. Some of the most ancient temples of Greece were of this order, particularly that of The.seus at Athens, built . . . four hundred and eighty-one years before the Christian era. — ■ Tytlek's IIist., Book 2, ch. 7. 3§5. ARCHITECTURE, Gilded. Itoman Cap- itol. Tlie profusion of Calulus, the first who gilt tlie [bronze] roof of tlie Capitol, was not universally approved ; but it was far exceeded by the emperor's, and the external gildinirof the temple cost Domitian 12,000 talents (£2,400,000). — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 36. 3§6. ARCHITECTURE improved. Rhitlicatre, not yet de- graded into a (piarry, told to the Mercian and Northumbrian pilgrinissome part of the story of that great civilized world which had passed away. The islanders returned, with awe deeply impressed on their hall'-o|)encd minds, and told the' wondering inhabitiints of the hovels of London and York that, near the grave of (Saint l^•ter, a mighty race, now extinct, had piled up buildings which would never \w dissolved till the judgnieiit day. — MACAri,.\v's Eno., ch. \. "ZHH. ARCHITECTURE, Magnificent. Temple of Jfereii/ix. The magniticeiice of tho tempio of II rculcs at Tyre is celebrated by Herod- otus, who s.'iw it' and who was particularly slr\ick with two columns, one of molten gold and the other of emerald, which in tin; night- time shone with great siilcndor. The latter was l)robal)ly of colored glass. . . . M. Croquet conjectures, with some ])lausibility, that tho column was hollow, and was lighte(f by a lamp put within it. — Tvti.ek's Hist., Book"l,ch. 0. 2§9. ARCHITECTURE, Opportunity in. Lon- (l/»i Fire. It is not very easy to explain wliy tho natior whicli was .so far before its neigh- bors in s(!ience should in art liave been far behind them all ; yet such was tho fact. It is true that in architecture — an art which is half a .science ; an art in which none but a geometrician can excel ; an art whi(!h lias no .standard of grace but what is directly or indirectly dependent on utility ; an art of which the creations derive a part, at least, of their majesty from mere bulk — our country could boast of one truly great man, Christopher Wren ; and the tire which laid London in ruins liad given him an opportunity, unprecedented in modern history, of displaying his powers. The au.stere beauty of the Athe- nian porti(;o, the gloomy sublimity of the Gothic arcade, he was, like almost all his contempora- ries, incapable of emulating, and, perhaps, in- capable of ajipreciating ; but no man, born on our side of the Alps, has imitated witli so much success the magnificence of the palace-liko cliurclies of Italy. Even the superb Louis has If^ft to po.sterily no work which can bear a com- parison v.ith St. Paul's. — Macwulay's Enu.. ch. 3. 290. ARCHITECTURE, Preservation of. Ootli- te. The Gothic kings, so injuriously accused of the ruin of antiquity, were anxious to pre- serve tho monuments of the nation wliom they had subdued. Tlie royal edicts were framed to prevent tho abuses, tho neglect, or the dep- redations of the citizens themselves ; and a pro- fes.sed architect, the annual sum of two Imn- dred pounds of gold, twenty-five thousand tiles, and the receipt of customs from the Lucrino port, were assigned for the ordinary repairs of the walls and public edifices. — Gilbon's Rome, ch. 39. 291. ARCHITECTURE, Prophecy in. Coliseum. Reduced to its naked majesty, the Flavian am- AUCillTECTLHK-AUDOU. 35 phithcatro wrh rontcmplated wit)» nwo and nd- miriUion by tlio pilKiiiiiH of tlii! Nortli ; and their rude cntluiMiasin broke forlli in ii siii)- linie proverbial expreHsioii, wliicli is recorded in liie eigiitli century, in llie fraK'nent.s of tlie \'en- rrable H«'de : " Ah loni; us tlie Coiisetun wlaiids, Iconic sliall stand; wiien tlie ColiHeiun falls, Konui will fall ; when Hon\e falls, the world will fall." — (.iiinoNs Homk, ch. (51. ilO'J. ARCHITECTURE, Religion in. Diirriu: Tslanusin sprani,^ up from the soil, like all relict- ions newly accepted, with its peculiar architect- ure ; the modes of architecture are the daujjhters of religions. It would seem that every other idea but that of (}()d is insutllc ii'Ut to inove those masses of stone whereby men indite the name of their God ui)()n the soil. The Indians, the E^^yjitians, the (Jreeks, the Konians, the (Joths, the Byzantines, created all of them architectiu'es according with the genius of their sacred creeds. iSonu! of lliem, i)antheisn> which adores llu; whole and i)rays in open air ; ot tiers, the secret doctrines which bury truths beneath the jiyrainids to liide them from the people ; others still, the fanci- ful theogonies that multii)ly gods by all the ex- travagances of the imagination, and create Olym- puses peopled with statues in their I'arthenons ; a fourth cnted selects caverns of rocks and mibterraneous vaults in cities, to adore the arisen from the tomb ; a fifth, the cupola's simple form, tlooded with daylight, to turn the idols ])ale and comment the word of the inspired of Allah. The traces of these difTereiit divine ideas, ef- faced by each other, often siiiieriinposed upon one another, is nowhere on earth to be better read than in the provinces Of the Ottoman em- pire. From the pyramid of Egypt to the ruins of Ephesiis or of Athens — from the ruins of the Parthenon ahmg to the catacombs of Jerusalem — from the mas.sive domes f>f Saint Sophia of Con- stantinople to the mosipies of Brous.sa and of Adrianople, wo read in their edifices the genius of the diirerent religions that have disputed with each other the dominion of the earth. — Lamahtinks Tuukky, p. 244. 393. ARCHITECTURE, Roman. Tiinmn. The Tunrun order \h ot Italian origin. . . . The Etrus- can architecture appears to be nearly allied to the Grecian, but to possess an inferior degree of elegance. The more ancient buildings of Kome were probably of this specie of arcliitect- ure, though the proper Greek orders came afterwards to be in more general estimation. A respect, however, for antiipiity i)revented the Romans from ever entirely abandoning the Tus- can mode. The Trajan jjillar is of this order of ar- chitecture. This magnificent column has braved the injuries of time, and is entire at the present day. Its excellence con.sists less in the form and proportions of the pillar than in the beau- tiful sculpture whicli decorates it. Of this fine sculpture, which represents the victories of Trajan over the Dacians, a very adequate idea may be formed from the engravings of the " C"ol- umna Trajana" by Bartoli. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 3, ch. 7. 394. ARCHITECTURE, Simplicity in. J)onr. One observation may here be made which is ap- plicable to all the works of taste. The charac- ter of sublimity is chaste and simple. In the arts dependent on design, if the artist aim at this character, he must disregard all trivial dei;- orations, nor must the eye be dislraeled by a multiplicity of jtarts. In arcliitecturt! Iheru must be few divisions of the principal members of the building, and the parts must be large and of ample relief; there must be a modesty of decoration, contemning all mimiteness of orna- ment, wliicli distracts the eye, that ouuht to bo tilled with the general mass and with the propor- tions of the greater parts to each other. In this res]iect tin- Doric is cont'e'cdiy superior to all the other orders of architeeiui'e, as it unites strength and majesty with a beconiiiiLr simiilie- ity, and the ulmo.st symmetry of prnpDrtions. — Tvri,i;u's llisr., Hook 2, eh. 7. a05. ARCHITECTURE, Stupendous, chinine Willi. Among the most remarkable ol' the works of arehitiiture in China is the great wall built to l>roteet tli empire against the inroads ot the Tar- tars. It t'xtends five hundred leagues, and is forty- five feet in height and eighteen in tliic kness — a most singular mom. inent both of human industry and of human folly. The Tartars against whom it was meant as a defence, found China e(iually accessible as bet'on; its formation. They were not at ])ains to attack and maki; a breacli in this rampart, which, from \\w impossibility of de- fending such a stretch of fortification, nui^l have been exceedingly "asy ; they had only to travel a little to the eastward, to about forty'deifreesof latitude, when; China was totally defenceless. — TvT!.i:ii's Hist., Book .'>, ch. 24. 396. ARCHITECTURE, SubUme. (h.tluV. The elTect produced by the Gothic architecture is not to be accounted for on the .same principle of conformity fo the rules of symmetry or har- mony, in the jiroporfions observed betw(>en the several parts ; but depends on a certain idea of vastncss, gloominess, and soleinnity, which we know to be i)owerful ingredients in the xulilime. . . . Th(! Cathedral of 3Iilan is one of the noblest structures in fh(i world. . . . Its column is of a magnitude that nobly fills the eye ; the sudden elevation of the arch has .something bold and aspiring ; and while we contemplate the great and striking members of the building, the minuteness of ornament on its parts is but tran- siently remarked, or noticed only as a superficial decoration, which detracts nothing from the grand elTect of the whole nia.ss. — Tytleh's Hist., Book 2, ch. 7. 397. ARDOR, A Soldier's. liatUe of Crecy. The English bowmen and men-at-arms held their ground stoutly, while the Welshmen stabbed the French horses in the melee and brought knight after knight to the ground. Soon tlie French host was wavering in a fatal confusion. " You are my va.ssals, my friends," cried the blind .lohn ()f Bohemia fo the German nobles around him ; " I pray and beseech you fo lead me .so far into the fight that I may strike one gooil blow with this sword of mine !" Linking their bridles together, the little company plunged into the thick of the combat to fall as their fellows were falling. The battle went steadily against the French. At last Philip himself hurried from the field, and the defeat became a rout. Twelve hundred knights and thirty tliousand footmen — a number ecpial to the whole Englisli force — lay dead upon the ground. — Hist, of Eng. People, §329. 30 AHGUMENT-AHMY 998. ABOUMZNT, PoMibl*. Straliiig. Sir, Uicnj is iiotliin;,' fur wliic'n you may iiol nuiHtcr lip more pIiinHiliic urjriimcnis tliiiii tiiosc wliicii iir(Mir;,'r'(l aj^iiinsl wcullli and oilier cxlfrnal ail vmilaj^cs. Wliy, now, tlicrc in stciilinj; ; wliy ulioiiid it Im! tliiaiKlil a criiuc y Wix'ii we con HidtT l)y wlial unjust nictiiods projicrly lias iiccn often acquired, and tiial wlial was unjustly p)l it must he unjust to keep, where is the harm in Dne man's taking the prcperty of another from liiin ? iJe.sides, sir, when we (onsider the had iis(! tliat many j)eople make of their i>rop( ity, and how nuicli belter use IIk^ Ihief may make of it, it may Im! defended as ii very allowable prac- tice. Yet, sir, the e.\|)eri<'nce of mankinil has jliscovercd Hiealing to be so very bad a lldng. that they make no scruplf- to hang a man for it. — H()s\vki,i,'h Johnson, p. V2'i. *M9. ABOUMENT, The reiervo. />/•. Samuel JohiiMo/i. [Worsted in dcbale,) he haIacaui,ay's Eno., ch. 8. 301. ARISTOCRACY in Battle. Roman. The battle of Pharsalia . . . acquired a special Elace in liistory, because it was a battle fought y tlie lloman aristocracy in their own persons in defence of their own supremacy. Senators and the sons of senators, the lieirs or the names and fortunes of the ancient Roman families, the leaders of society in Roman saloons, and tlu; chiefs of tlie political party of the optimates in tlie Curia and Forum, were here present on the Held ; representatives in person and in i)rinciph) ol the traditions of Sylla brought face to face with the representative of Marius. . . . Here went the hauudilv I'alrician Oiiard, who had drawn their swords on him in the .seiiatehouse, young lords whose theory of lift! was lo lounge through it in i)alrician i'iinoii.-i/iny tlui iiiililary onlli ; Imt nucIi was tli(i propc'iiNity of Ww Uoinaiis to scrvitii'lc, that tlu! oath was vohiiitarilv taken hy the iiia^' istratcM, the; s<'nator>i, and Uw i'((iicstiian ordi r, till th(! honiajfc of ilallcry was iiisciiHihly cdn vcrti'd into an annual ami solemn protentaliun «)f liih'lity. — (iinnoNH Udmk, eh. ;t. 306. ARMY diiguated. .fj('<'t-i. Instciid of the fortv thousiind soldiers of Alexander, the army of 'fimour liMil (\udit huiidred Ihoiisiuid liirhting men, and a nullioii of slaves who dried uii the earth on their route. The magnilirencc ol this nomade court e(|ualled lh"iis, a miiltitudo of fine p'ntlemen and ladies from Soho Stjuare, sharpers and painted women from Wliitefriars, invalids in sedans, monks in hoods and gowns, lackeys in rich liv- eries, peddlers, orange girls, mi.schievous appren- tices, and gaping clowns, were constantly pass- ing and repa.ssing through the long lanes of tents. . . . The king, as was amply proved two years later, liad greatly miscalculated [wiu'ii he was a fugitive from KnglandJ. lie had forgotten that vicinity o])erates in more ways than one. lie had hoped that his army would overawe London; but the residt of his policy was, that the feelings and opinions of London took complete jiossession of his army. — Macaui.ay's Knc:., ch. 0. 3I«. ARMY, Support of tLe. Churhs If. The only army which tlu! law re.'ognized was the militia. That force had been remodelled by two acts of Parliament i)assed shortly after the Restoration. Every mini who possessed live hundred jiounds u year derived from land, or six tliousand pounds of personal estate, was hounit to provide, ecpiip, and pay, at his own charge, one horseman. Every man who had tifty ])()unds a year derived from land, or six hundreil pounds of' jX'r.sonal estate, was charged, in like; manner, with one pikeman or musketeer. Smaller proprietors were joined together in a kind of societv, for which our language does not afford a special name, but whicla an Athenian would have called a Synteleia ; and each society was required to furnish, according to its means, a horse soldier or a foot soldier. The whole number. . . was |H)pulurly extlmated at a hun- dred and Ihirlv thousand nieii.— Macaulay'b Knu.. ch, :!. :ilT. ARMY, Teit in the. .himix If. |Tlio king resolved to oiipress the I'rotcstaiils in Ire- land and promote lioniaii Catliolicism. | Many otiieers of the army wi'ie arbitrarily d( prlved of llieir coinmissioiis'aiid of their bread. It was to no purpose- tlial the luidlieutenaiit pleaded tho ( iius(' of ,Ho!iie whom 111! knew lo be good sol- diers and loyal sul)|ecls. Among them were old Cavaliers, wlio hud fought bravely for monarchy, and who bore the marks of honoralile wound.s. Their places were siijiplied by men who had no recommenilatioii but their religion. Of the new (iiptains and lieiilenants, it was said, some had been cowherds, some footmen, some noted ma- nuiders; some had been so used lo wear brogues that they stumbled and shullled about Hlrangely in their" military jack-boots. Not a few of tho olHcers who wen^ discarded look refuge in tho Dutch service, and enjoyed four years later tho pleasure of driving their succes.sors before them 111 ignominious rout through the waters of tho Hoyne. — Macaii.av's Kn.()asHcd with a foriiddultle ^iiard. 'I'lie nio'.iarch himself was sealed in a woriden chair. lliHHteni ('(aintenance, anj^^ry gestures, and ini puiifiit toni! astonished tlie llrninessof .Maxindn. . . . The liarliarian lU'ropintly declared, that he ai)pri'hended only the dis^rrace of contending witli Ids fujjillve slaves, since he despised their impotent elTorls to defend the provinces which Theodosius had intrusted to their arms : " For what, fortress" (added Attila), " what city, in till! wid(! c.Ment. of the Konnin empire, tan ho|)ture, Phidias at tliat time distinguished him.self by such supe- rior ability, that his works were regarded as won- ders by the ancients, as long as any knowledge or taste remained among them. His brother Panie- us , . . is liimself distinguished as the artist who painted the famous picture in the Po'cile at Ath- ens, representing tlie battle of Alarathon, wliich is described by Pau.sanias and Pliny as so jxjrfect a picture, that it presented striking portraits of the leaders on l)oth sides. It was from tlie de- signs of Phidias that many of the noblest build- ings of Athens were rearecl ; and from the exam- |)l<> of tliew, n lust and excellent taNle in urchi- lecture soon (lilTtlM'd its<>lf over all (ireece. Phidias hasar, after a short rest, pushed on and <'ame uiuh'r their walls. The Aituatuci were a race of giiuits, and were at tlrst defiant. When th<'y saw the Uomans' siege-towers in |)reparalion, they could not Is'lieve tlial men so small could mov(! such vast machines. When the towers began to aiiproach, they lost heart and sued for terms. — FUOUDKH C.KH.VIt, cIl. 14. 3!IT. ART cormpted. Honnin. Art was partly corrupted by the fondness for glare, expensive- ness, and si/.e, and partly sank into ndsiTablo triviality, or immoral prettinesses, such as tho.se which decorated tla^ walls of Pompeii in th(;lir.st century, and the Parcaux Cerfsin the eighteenth. (Jreek statues of the days of Phidias were ruth- lessly decapitated, that their heads ndght Ih) re- l)laced by the scowling or imbecile features of a Uaius or a Claudius. Nero, |)rofi'ssing to be a coimois.s<'ur, thought that he improved tla; AI(!X- ander of Lysimachus by gilding it from head to foot. — Fauuaii'h E.\K1-Y I).\YS, p. 5. 3a«. ART, Deformity in. C/iimn,'. The Chi- nese iiave long practised the art of i)ainting ; yet, instead of a hbcral art, it has ever Ineii with them a mere mechanic drudgery. Their paint- ings, with a splendor of <;oloring, and the most iniinite accuracy of i)encilling, havit neither grace, beauty, nor .justness of proportion. They have not the smallest notion of perspective. In- stead of a gracefidness of attitude, the taste of the Chinese painter delights itself with the ex- pres-sion of distortion and deforndty. Let us liere remark the contrast between these Asiatics and th(! Grecian artists. In the images of the gods, which it is to l)e presumed men would al- ways choose to picture according to their most exalted ideas of beauty and majesty, the Greeks have given a character and expression noble almo-^l beyond imagination. The idols of the Chinese arrniilo of I.utiu, liiillt liy HcrvliiM TiiIIIiim ; iind Mm /ini Afujiimi, wlilcli tli(< ArciKlliiii Kviiiidcr liiul rcarrd to lli r I'lilcH ; 1111(1 till* 'rcniplc of .lupltir Htitlor, Imilt In lU'corriuiicc with llii> vow of Itotinilim ; iiikI till' lllllc liiiinl)!)' paliMi'of Niiinu , titid tlii'sliriiic of Vc'NtllWith till* I'cillltl'S of Ihl' Itolllllll |H'llpll' and tlioNpoilMiif riinqiirrrd kliiK'*V NVIiiiiNtnir tiiriil niaK»ll)ri'iiri* cihiIiI iiloiii' for llii> Iomn nf iiKtiiioriiklM wliirli till' HOMK of Vir^'il mid of llor Bcn hud ri'iidi'icd hIIII more dnir y Tin' iliv nii^lit rUc iiioir ri'^iiliir from Iim iisIu'h, mid \viili liroudrr HiriTiN, hut it-iiirtitlclul iinifornilly wum iKpii-Nlioniilili' lioon. Old iiii'ti lii'i'liirrd Hint llir new Htn-t'lH wiTi- fur Icsh lirullliy, in roiiHii|iiiiiii' of tlii'lr rnori' Nrorrliini; i^lirv, and liny iniiltrnd ninon^ tliciiiHclvi'H lliul many mi oIiJitI oI' na tioniil intcri'Mt had iHi-n wmilonlv K'lrrillri'd to gratify Ilit; woniaiiisli frrak of a iniNi'raMc arlor. — Fauuah'h Eauly Davh, p. :il. 3!I0. . hirilitiiK. The Parliament Tc'Noivcd that all pictiirrM in tlic royal coilirtion "whicli containi'd riprfHi'PtatioiiM of .Ii.suh or of the Virgin Mollii-r hIioiiIiI \m hiirncd. Hciilp- liirn fared im ill an painliii^. NyinpliH and CJniccH, tlid work of Ionian cIiIhcIk, were deliv- «Te- liniteanv ex(|ulHile nrodiirlion of art. It iMivertho work ofa I'liiiliiiM, PraxitelfM, liyNipims, (Jlyeon. ZiuxiM, AfM'lli'H, ParrhaMiiiM, or, in tine, of somn iirtiMt who adorned thai Nplendid periiMl, and not of those who had worked at Home, or who hail livid nearer to their own tiniiH than (he age of Alexander the (Jreat.— TvTi.KU's Hiht., Hook 2» ch. 7. SiSM. AKT, Low ntimate of. Simurl Jnhmunt. .InhiiNon expressed his diMapproliatioii of orna- mental arrliilerliire, hikIi as magnitlceiit eolunin^ Hiipporling a nortiio, or expeiiNive pila-slers siip- Jiorting merely tlieir own capitals, *' beeaiise it <'onsumes labor disproportionate to Its utility." For the same reason he satirized slatiiarv. " Painting," Hiiid lie, "eonHumes labor not dis- iroportionale to its elTeet ; but a fellow will lacK half a year at a block of marble, toniakn HoiiKtthing in'sloiK! that hardly ri'Kemblesa man. The value of statuary is owing to ils ditlleully. You would not valui* the llnesl heml cut upon a carrot." Here he seemed ti' me to Im) strangely dellcleiit in taste ; for, surely, statuary is anoblu art of imilalioii. — Hohwki.i.'s Johnson 27(1. 3.15. ART, Frlvoloui. Pnlitrc of C< Un»- jili'. The long seriesof the apartments pt- ed to the seitsons, and decorated wiiu marblo and porphyry ; with painting, scultitun', and mo- saics ; with a profusion of gold, silver, ami precious stones. His [Theophllus] fanjifiil mag- nificence employed the skill and patience of such artists us the times could afford ; but the taste of Athens would have despised tlieir frivolous and co.stiy lal)ors ; a golden tree, with its leaves anil branches, which sheltered a multitude of bird.i warbling tlieir artificial notes, and two lions of massy gold, and of natural size, who looked and roared like their brethren of the forest. — Giu- uon's Uumr, ch. 53, p. 8r)l. 336. ABT, Inipiration in. Itnliam. What treasures may we supi)osc vet remain in Greeco and . . . Italy I To the discovery of some of tlio.se remnants of ancient art lias been attributed the revival of jiainting and sculpture, after their total extinction during the Middle Ages. This, at least, is certain: that, till Michael Angelo anil liaphael, feeling the beauties of the antique, liegun to emulate their noble manner, and Intro- duced into their works, the one a grandeur, anil the other a beauty, unknown to the age in which they lived, the manner of their predecessors had been harsh, constrained, and utterly deficient in grace. — Tytlek's Hist. , Book 2, ch. 7. 337. ABT, Origin of. Neccmity. We may presume, with some reason, that in the early ages tlie priests were among the first who culti- vated the sciences. The useful arts are the im- mediate oflfsprlng of necessity ; and in the infancy of society every Individual, according as he feefa his wants, is put to the necessity of exercising his taler.ta in some rude contrivances to supply AUT, 41 lh«*in. Till' Mkill to I'onHlriirt Initninit'tilM for tli<' cnptiiri' or tlcKlnii'lidii of iiiiIiiiiiIn, nr for nf flllCC lUnI llffcni'l' III will', N fiMiml MMinll^' till' niiiNt iNirliiir mim tialiiiiix. 'I'lic riMli'iirls nf rnrtu liiKiK'lotli' iR fiii'tlif li),'ri'N.s which till! industry and the p-iiius of the moderns are continually extending' and advancing to jierfec tion.— TvVi.i'.iiH IIiHr,, Hook 2, vh. 7. :i:iO. ABT, Period! in. Afflnitj/ in. After the defeat of Xerxes the Oreeks, Hecuro for some time from foreign invaders, and in full possession of their lilM'i'ly, achieved with disliiuriiislied fflory, iniiy cerlHinly Ik! considered as at the sum mil of their /rrandeur as a nation. They main tallied for ii consideraliie tiiiu* their power and inde|)(!iidence, and distinguished tli< uselvcs dur in;; that ])eri<>nm [HI iiliiir to Ihr c liniiiie of Kgypt, Ihiit time up pears scarcely to make any seiiNilile iinpreHMion on those iiioiniineiits of human ituliiMtiy. The ciiiiHc is |ilauNilily assigned bv Me .Miillirt, in his I " llcNi riplion de ri')gypte. ' Kaiii and front, says that author, which in othrr countries are till- destroyers of all liic works if art which are ex|ios>'d to the air. are utterly iiuknown in Kgypt. The stnicliiresof that countrv, its pyraiiiids and its olM'lisks, can sustain no Injury unless from the sun and wind, which have scarce any Mcnsi lileetTect in wiisilngor corroiling their miiteriulu. — TYri.i.ii's Hisi , Iiook I, ch. 4. 313. ART, Frotaoted by. Sifnienne. M :rcel Ills . . . besieged Hvracilse. . . . Tlie genius of II siiiulc man [.\rcliline(les| was found siitllcient to withstand for a great length of time the lit most cfTorls of an enemy bv sea and land. . . . Till' city was iwenlv two miles in compiiHs. . . . iMarcciliis caused eight galleys to be joined to gelher laterally by iron cliains, and on their surface, as a foiinilalion, an iniinciisc tower was erected, whose height overtopped the walls of the city. This huge machine, which MarcelluH called his Sdinhiieti, or Dulcimer, was slowly advancing, rowed by a great number of men, when Archiniedesdiscliarged from one of his en giiiesiistoneof twelve hundred and tifly pounds weight, tlicn a second, and immediately after ward a third, with a direction so sure as to batter the galleys and the tower to pieces in a few iiiiii- utcs. An imnienseartillery of darts, stones, burn lug torches, and every material of annoyance, was incessantly laiincheil upon the besiegers from every (luartcr of the walls; while the niachines from which they issued were altogetlier beyond their reach, and even out of their siglit. It was of no avail whether they made their attack from a distance or close to tlii^ walls. If within the shot of a bow, the engines of Archimedes assailed the galleys with stones of such weight as entirely to demolish tlicm ; if they ai)proiiclied the walls, they were seized by cranes and griipjiling-iroiiH, suspended in th(> air, and suddenly let fall with a force that sunk them. Taking advantage of a meridian sun, and concentrating thi; rays by a combination of polished metal, this wondc'rfiil engineer burnt the vessels of the eiu^my at a fur long's distance, thus . . . making even the tire of heaven olKnlient to his comnmnd.s. — Tyti.ku'h lIiHT., Book a, ch ii. 344. ABT, Revival of. Italy. The line arts are said to have Ik-cii revived in Italy by artists fnmi Greece ; and it seems highly probable that in that country, which had been eminently dis- tinguished liy their splendor and i)erfection, tlu; taste should have been less entirely lost than in any other. The most common notion is, that, about the end of the thirteenth century, Cimabue, a Florentine, observing the works of two Grecian artists, who had l)een .sent for to paint one of the churches at Florence, l)egan to attempt some- thing of the same kind, and socii conceived that it would not be difficult to surpass such nidi! performances. His works were the admiration of his time ; he had his scholars and his imitat- ors ; among tlie.sc were Ghiotto, Gaddi, Tasi Cavallini, and Stephano Florentino ; and the number of artists continued so to increase, that an academy for painting was in.stituted at Flor- I i r 42 ART. ence in the Tear IS-TO. Still, howevt-r, the art Tvaa extremely low, and the artists, with Krcat industry, 8ttne. [Con- stjintine the Great] di.seovered that in the de- cline of the arts the skill as well iis numbers of his architects l)ore a very unequal proportion to the gre.itness of his designs [in the building of Constantino])le]. The magistrates of the most distant provinces were therefore directed to in- stitute schools, to ai)point ])rofe.s.sors, and, by the hopes of rewards and i)rivileges, to engage in the study and practice of architecture a sufficient number of ingenious youths who had received a liberal education. — Gibbon's Ro.me, vol. Z, ch. 17, p. 95. 355. ARTS, Obsolete. By InrenUons. The endowment in 1026 of a free-school at Great Marlow, to teach twenty-four girls to knit, spin. and mak(! bone-lace, had become a provision, for the continuance of obsolete arts, and unjirofit- able labor [early in the eighteenth century]. — Kniuiit's Eno., vol. T), ch. 2, p. 20. 350. ARTS, Subsidized. Mitrtiii Lvthrr. Yor religion.) In the year 1524 there apixared in Wiitenlx'rg the tir.st German hymn-book, con- sisting of eight hymns, among tliem the one be- ginning, " Now, rejoice, ye Christian people." In the jireface he remarks : " I am not of the opinion that all the artsslunild be sui)pr<'ssed by the gosjx'l, and should perish, as .several high ecclesiastics maintain ; but I would rather that all the arts, especially music, .should be enli.sted in the service of Him'who has created them ami bestowed them upon us." And he was forced to view with deep regret the arts and .sciences endangered by those intemperate fanatics who, in their false zeal, would have destroyed all the external decoration of the churches. — Rein's LuTUEU, ch. 13. 357. ASCETICISM, Exercise of. Amiiici. The opinion and practice of the mona.sterics of Alount Athos will be best represented in the words (>f an abbot, who flourished in the elev- enth century. " When thou art alone iu thy cell," .says the ascetic teacher, ".shut thy door, and seat thy.self in a corner; rai.se thy miiiii above all things vain and transitory ; recline thy beard and chin on thy breast ; turn thy eyes and thy thoughts towards the middle of thy belly, the region of the navel ; am' .search the place of the heart, the scat of the soul. At first, all will be dark and comfortless ; but if you persevere day and night, you will feel an ineffable joy ; and no sooner has the .soul discovered the place of the heart than it is involved in a m3'stic and ethereal light." This light, the i)roduetion of a distemjiered fancy, the creature of an empty .stomach and an empty brain, was adored by the Suietisis as the jnire and perfect essence of God. im.self. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 42. 35i. ASCETICISM, Escape from. John Wedeu. [John Wesley before his conversion was anxious- ly .seeking rest for his soul, and] proposed to himself a solitary life in the " Yorkshire dales ;" "it is the decided temper of his .soul." His wise mother interposes, ad.uonishing him pro- phetically, "that God had better work for him to do." lie travels some miles to consult "a serious man." "The Bible knows nothing of a .solitary region," says this good man, and Wesley turns about his face toward that great career which was to make his history a part of the history of his country and of the world. — Stevens' M. E. Ciiiiucii, vol. 1, p. 32. 359. ASCETICS, Early, liomon. Prosperity and peace introduced tlu; distinction of the viil- f/)ir and the Ancctic Christians. The loose and imperfect practise of religion satisfied the con- .science of the multitude. The prince or magis- trate, the soldier or merchant, reconciled their fervent zeal and implicit faith with the exer- cise of their profession, luu i)ursuit of their in- terest, and the indulgence of their passions ; but the Ascetics, who obeyed and abused the rigid precepts of the gospel, were inspired by tho siiva,^e enthusiasm which represents man as a criminal and God as a tynint. They seriously renounced the business and the pleasures of tho age ; abjured the u.sc of wine, of fle-sh, and of 44 ASSASSINATION. miirria^rc ; olmstiwd tlicir body, inortifled their iiffcc'tioii.s, iind onibriiccd n life of niisery, iih tlic price of eternal Imppiniws. In the rei^ni of C'on- stimtine the Ascetics lied frotn ii prol'ti' ind dc- ffenerate world to perjjetual solitiid or rcliy ious Hociety. — Gihiion'h Komi:, eh. ;5T. 360. ASSASSINATION attempted, /."nix I'/ii- Upiw.. In 18;r> Louis I'hilijtpe and his three aon.4 and a spl(;n(lid suite of inililary odicers were riding through the line of the National Guard, 'Jmwn up on the Boulevard du Teini)le, when an explosion resenilling a discharge of musket- ry took place from the window of a house over- looking the road. Fourteen ])ersons were killed on the H\wi. A shower of bullets liad been discharged by a machine consisting of twenty-flvo barrels, which, arranged side by side horizontally upon a frame, could be fired at once by a train of gunpowder. Tlui king was unhurt. [The Corsic;in who attempted this whol(!.sale massacre was wounded by the burst- ing of one of the barrels, and arrested.] Anothi-r attempt was made on the life of Louis Philippe in 1836 by a man l)y the name of Alibaud, who flrtd into the king's carriage, the (jueen and liis sister being with liim. A third attempt was made in the same jear by another desperado named Meunicr. . . . There is nothing more re- markable than the extraordinary escai"'« of Louis Philippe, us if lie bore a charmeil life. — K.mout's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 31, p. 374. 361. . Queen Victoria. [In 1840, the year of her marriage, she was riding up Con- stitution Hill in an open carriage;, with Prince Albert, when a pistol was fired at them, and in about half a minute there was a discharge of a second pistol. Neither of the royal couple were injured.] The youth named Oxford, who had committed this atrocious crime, was a barman at a public house. — Knioiit'bEng., vol. H, ch. 24. 362. . Queen Victoria. On the 30tli of May [1843] John Francis, a young man ander twenty years of age, fired a ])istol at the (pieen as she was coming down Constitution Hill, in a barouche and four, accompanied l)y Prince Albert. Her Majesty, thinking of others rather than lierself, desired that none of the ladies in waiting should accompany lier in lier ride, which she would not forego for ambiguous threats that had reached the ears of the police. Francis was found guilty of liigh treason, and received the usual capital .sentence, which was commuted into transportation for life. On the 3d of July a deformed youth, named John Will- iam Bean, presented a pistol at her Majesty, but being seized by a bystander, was prevented from firing it. [This was the third attempt within two years.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 27, p. 497. 363. ASSASSINATION, Conspiracy for. Brit- iah Cabinet. [In 1820 twenty-four per.sons en- tered into a conspiracy to a.s.sassinate all the members of the British Cabinet while at a Cabi- net dinner. Hand grenades were to Ikj thrown under the table, and any wlio escaped from tliem were to be despatched with the sword. The plot was betrayed, and five of its members arrested and executed.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 9, p. 161. 364. ASSASSINATION, Deliverance by. Henry JII. of France. This cruel and dis.solute ty- rant continuod to reign for fifteen years. IIi« kingdom was at length delivered from him by tli(! hand of a fanatic enthusiast, Jaccpics Clem- ent, a Jacobin monk, actuated by the In-lief that he was doing an act of consununate piety, insinuated him.self into the palace, and stabbecl the king with a knife in the belly. The as.sassin was i)ut to death on \\w spot by the king's guards, and Henry died in a few days of the woiuid.— TvTi.Kii's Hist., Book «, ch. 37. 365. ASSASSINATION, Escape from. Ahrahnni Lincoln. [On the 23d of February he reached Harrisburg, on his way to Washington, where he was to be inaugurated.] The ne.xt morning \\w whole country was surprised to learn that lie had arrived in Washington twelve hours sooner than he had originally intended ... a small gang of assa.ssins, uiKler the leadership of an Italian who assumed the name of Orsini, liad arranged lO take his lif(! during his pa.ssagu through Baltimore. — R.vymonu's Lincoln, ch. 5, p. 108. 366. ASSASSINATION, Fear of. Cromwell. Cromwell had himself thought for some years that lie should perish by a.s,sa.ssination. He wore a cuira.ss under his clothes, and carried defen- .sive arms within reach of his hand. He never slept long in the same room in the palace, con- tinually changing his bedchamber, to mislead domestic treason and military plots. A despot, he suilered thity thou.sand had been put to the sword. — Tytleii's Hist., Book 6, ch. 19. 368. ASSASSINATION, Justified. Philip of Greece. While engaged in celebrating a mag- nificent festival on the marriage of his daughter Cleopatra with the King of Epirus, and walking in solemn procession to the temple, he was .struck to the lieart with a dagger by Pau.sanias, a noble youth who had been bruti.lly injured by Attains, the brother-in-law of Philip, and to whom tliat prince had refused to do justice. Philip had in the latter period of his reign de- graded himself by some strong acts of tyranny, the fruit of an uncontrolled indulgence of vi- cious appetites. — Tytleu'b Hist., Book 3, ch. 4. 369. ASSASSINATION, Patriotic. Ccfsnr. Bru- tus had been proclaimed Prtetor of the city, with the promi.se of the Consulship. But the discontented remnants of the Senatorial party assjiiled liim with constant reproaches. The ASSASSINATION—ASSASSINS. 4;» mime of Unitiis, dear to till Roman patriots, wits miidc a rt'l)ukt' to liiin. " His uiiccstor ex- pullcHl the Tantuiiis ; could lie sit <|uiL'tly under a kinf,''H rule ?" At the f(Mjt of tli(! statue of that ancestor, or on his own prietorian tribunal, notes were [daced containin;; |)hrases Hueh as tiiese : "Thou art not Unitus ; would thou wert." " Hrutus, thou sleepest." " Awake, Bru- tus." Gradually he was hroujfht to think that it was his duty as a patriot to ])ut an end to Cie.sar's rule, even by takinj^ his life. — Liu- DKIiLS Ho.MK, p. 700. 370. ASSASSINATION, Peril of. Cromwell. " Yet ix tlu'ir Ktiriij/th Itthor ((ml Kocroin ;" \\\\n. after all, nnisl be said even of this f^reat and most successful man. Our conception of him is such that we can well believe he longed to be at rest. It was an amazing work, that in which he wiLS the actor ; but with what toil and endu- rance and sleejiless energy had he to travail day and night 1 The honor of knighthood and £500 a year forever was offered by a i>r()clamation, by Charles Stuart, from his vile and filthy court in Paris, to any one who would take the life of the Protector ; and there were many in England who hniged to set! the mighty monarch dethroned. In his palace chaml)ers lived his noble mother, nearly ninety, now trembling at every sound, lest it be some ill to her noble and royal son. — Hoou's ("uomwk.ll, ch. 17. 371. ASSASSINATION, Bemarkable. C(rmr. Antimy, who was in attendance, was detained, as had been arranged, by Trel)onius. Ciesar en- tered, and took his seat. His presence awed men, in spite of themselves, and the conspira- tors liad determined to act i.l once, lest they should lose courage to act at all. He was famil- iar and easy of access. They gathered round liim. lie knew them all. There was not one from whom he had not a right to expect .some sort of gratitude, and tiie movenimt suggested no suspicion. One had a .story to all him; an- other .some favor to ask. Tullius Ciml)er, whom he had just made g«)vernor of Bithynia, then came cilose to him, with some req\ieat which he was unwilling to grant. Cimber caught his gown, as if in entreaty, and dragged it from his shoulders. Cassius, who was standing Iwhind, stabbed him in the throat. He started up with a cry, and caught Cassius's arm. Another pon- iard entered his brea.st, giving a mortal wound. He looked round, and seeing not one friendly face, but only a ring of daggers pointing at liim, he drew his gown over liis head, gathered the folds about lum that he might fall decently, and sank down without uttering another word. — Froude'8 C/Esau, ch. 26. 373. ASSASSINS, Hatred of. Omr'n. An- tony, as Consul, rose to jjronounce the fu- neral oration. He run through the chief acts of CfEsar's life, recited his will, and then spoke of the death which had rewarded him. To make this more vividly present to the excit- able Italians, he displayed a waxen image mark- ed with the three-and-twenty wounds, and pro- duced the very robe which he had worn all rent and blood-stained. Soul-stirring dirges added to the solemn horror of the scene. . . . That impression was instantaneous. The Sena- tor friends of the Liberators who had attend- ed the ceremonv looked on in moodv silence. Soon the menacing gestures of the crowd make them look to their safety. They fled ; and the multitude insisted on burning tJie l)ody, as they had burnt the body of Cloilius. in the sacn-d l)recin(ls of the Forum. Some of the veterans who atti'uded the funeral .set tire to the bier ; benches and firewood heaped round it soon made a sufHcieiit i)ile. From the bla/.ing pyre the crowd rushed, eager for vengeance, to tlu; houses of the conspirators. But all had fled iK'tii'i. -I. One poor wretly, under color or pretence of any ex- ercise of relijrion, in oMier manner than is allow- ed l)v the |jltur;;y or practice of the Church of KiiKliind, every person so present should be lia- l)le to certain lines, imprisonment, or transporta- tion. [Som(! dared not jiray in their families wh(!n .several visitors were present, ui even ask /jrace at the talilc.l — Ivnkuit'h i'j.No., vol. 4, cli. m, p. 207. 376. ASSESSMENTS, Political, liom. Kmp. MitM'iiliiiK. 'YXw wealth of Home sui)|)lieil an in- exhaustibU' fund for his vain and prodii,nd exix-n- ses, andtlKMninisters of his revenue were skilled in Ihe arts of rapine. It was luider his reij^ii that th(! method of exacting ti frunished by fine or in the last resort by an ex|)ulsion, which left the offendi r a "lawless" man and an outcast. — Hist. Eno. People, J; 10!>. 38a. ASSOCIATION, Beneficial. Mdrrn.t Aiir- relius. "The wisest of the jiagans. " He was not born heir to the imperial throne, but was the .son of jtrivale per.sons of patrician rank, who were related to the Emperor AdriaiL His father dying when he was only a child, he was adopted by his grandfather, and this brought him into nearer intimacy with the emperor, who became warmly attached to him, greatly admiring his good-nature, his docility, and his artless candor. His early education appears to have been conduct- ed with equal care and wisdom. " To the gods," he siiys, "I am indebted for having had good grandfathers, good parents, a good sister, good teachers, good associates, good kinsmen and friend.s — nearly everything good." — Cyclope- dia OF Bioci. , p. 541. 383, ASSOCIATIONS, Protective. Anf/h-Sax- nns. Many of the inferior rank of citizens en- tered into associiitions, and .subscribed a bond, obliging themselves to be faithful to each other in all ca.ses of danger to any one of the confed- erates ; to i^rotect his person, to revenge his wrongs, to p.ay the fines which he might incur through accident, and to contribute to his funer- al charges. This la.st practice, as well as the connection of client and patron, are strong proof of the imperfection of laws, and of a weak ad- ministration. Only to remedy .such evils would men have recurred to these connections and as- sociations. — Tvtler's Hist., Book 6, ch. 6. 384. ASSUMPTION, Boastful. Disahul the Turk. If I condescend to march against those AHTHOLOGY— AUDACITY 47 contemptible sliivcs [tlie Romnns], tliey will tremble at tlio Hound of ovir whips ; they will be trampled, like a nest of ants, under the feet of my innumerable cavalry. . . . From the rising to the setting sun, the earth is my inheritance. . . . The pride of the great khan survived his resent- ment ; and when he announced an im|)ortant CfJiKpieat to Ills friend the Emperor Maurice, he styled himself tiie master of the .seven races, and tlie lord of the .seven climates of the world. — Guhion'h Uo.mk, ch. 43. 3§5. A8TE0L0QY, Eegard for. OinniK. The vices which degrade the moral chiiracter of the Romans are mi.xcd with a puerile super- stition that di.sLjraccs their understaiidinu:. They listen with confidence to the predictions of ha- rusj)ices, who pretend to read, in the entrails of victims, th(! signs of future greatness and pros- perity ; and there are many who lionot presume either to bathe, or to dine, or to appear in i)ub- lic, till they liave diligently consulted, according to the rules of a.strology, the situation of Jler- cury and the aspect of the moon. — Giuuon's Ro.MK, ch. 31. 3§6. ASTRONOMY, Anticipations in. ii.c. 640. Thales made .some bold and fortunate conjec- tures in the science of a.stronomy. He conjec- tured the earth to be a sphere, and that it re- volved round the sun. lie believed the ti.xed stars to be so many .suns encircled with other planets like our earth ; he believed the moon's light to be a reflection of the sun's from a .solid surface ; and if we may tru.st the testimony of ancient authors, he was able to calculate eclipses, and actually predicted that famous eclipse of the sun six hundred and one years before the birth of Christ, which separated the armies of the Medes and Lydians at the moment of an en- gagement. — Tytler's Hist., Book 2, ch. 9. 3§7, ASYLUM of Refuge, Borne. As soon as the foundation of the city was laid, they opened a place of refuge for fugitives, which they called the Temple of the Asyhean god. Here they received all that came, and would neith- er deliver up the slave to his master, the debtor to his creditor, nor the murderer to the magistrate, declaring tliat they were directed by the oracle of Apollo to preserve the a.syhuii from all viola- tion. Thus the city was soon peopled. — Pi.c- TAHCII. 3§§. ATHLETE, Remarkable. Thracian. The Emperor Severus . . . halted in Thrace to cele- brate, with military games, the birthday of his younger son, Geta. The country flocked in crowds to behold their sovereign, and a young barbarian of gigantic stature earnestly soliciteil, in his rude dialect, that he might be allowed to contend for the prize of wrestling. . . . He was matched with the .sto\ite.st followers of the camp, sixteen of whom he succes.sively laid on the ground. His victory was rewarded by .some trifling gifts, and a permission to enlist in the troops. ... As soon as he perceived that he had at- tracted the emperor's notice, he instantly ran up to his horse, and followed him on foot, without the least appearance of fatigue, in a long and rapid career. "Thracian," said Severus, with astonishment, "art thou disposed to wrestle af- ter thy race?" "Most willingly, sir," replied the unwearied youth ; and, almost in a breath. overtlircw .seven of the strongest soldiers in the army. A gold collar was the prize of his match- less vigor and activity, and he was inunediatcly ai)jx)inteil to serve in the horse-guards who always attended on the person of the sovereign. — Gihiion-'h Ro.MK, ch. 7. 3S1). ATHLETE, Royal. HcHri) IT. of France. Henry II. ascended the throne in Hit twenty- ninth year of his age . . . his sole accomplishment (!oiisisted in a remarkable expcrtness in iHulily exercises. — Stcuicnts' Fiunck, ch. 1."), ^ 1. 390. ATTACK, Inconsiderate. CniKinUrK. God- frej' of Houilloii erected his standard on the first swell of Mount Calvary ; to the left, as far as St. Stephen's gate, the line of attack was contin- ued by Tancrcd and the two Roberts ; and Count Raymond establislK'd Ills ((uartiTs from the citadel to the foot of Mount Sion, wliicli was no longer included within the precincts of the city. On the fifth day \\w Cru.sudcrs maile a general assault, in the fanatic hope of battering (lown the walls withcnit engines, and of scaling them without ladders. IJy the dint of brutal force they burst the first l)arrier; but tlicy were driven hack with shame and slaughter to the camp. — Gihuon's Ro.mk, ch. Sy. 391. ATTACK, Unexpected. From ahore. [At the battle of llastingsj the Norman allies with their bows shot (piickly upon the English ; but they covered tnemselves with their shields. . . . Then the Normans deteruiined to shoot their arrows upward into the air, so that they might fall on their enemies' heads, and .strike their faces. The archers adopted this scheme . . . and the arrows, in falling, struck their heads and faces, and put out the eyes of many ; and all feared to open their e3'.s, or leave their faces un- guarded. The arrows now flew thicker than rain. . . . Then it was that an arrow, that had thus shot upward, .struck Harold above his right eye, and put it out. In his agony he drew the arrow and threw it away, breaking it with his hands ; and the pain to his head was .so great that he leaned upon his shield. — Dkcihive B.vtti.ks, § 380. 39a. AUDACITY, Brazen. Catiline. We are astonished when we read that animated oration of Cicero [denouncing the conspiracy of Cati- line], the fir.st against Catiline ; and know that the traitor hail the audacity to sit in the Senate-house while it was delivered, and while every man of worth or regard for character dest^rted the bench on which he sat, and left him a sjiectacle to the whole as.senibly. — Tytleu'b Hist., Book 4, ch. 1. 393. AUDACITY, Deceived by. Napoleon T. A.D. l~9t). [In the Italian campaign Napoleon suddenly found himself and one thousand .sol- diers in the presence of a detached boily of four thou.sand Austrians. A blindfolded flag of truce demanded immediate surrender. Napoleon motmted his staff. The bandage was removed. ] "What means this insult?" exclaimed Napo- leon, in tones of affected indignation. " Have you the insolence to bring a summons of sur- render to the French commander-in-chief, in the middle of hia Army ! Say to those who sent you that in less than five minutes they lay down their arms, or every man shall be put to death." The bewildered officer stammered out an apol- ogy. " Go !" said Napoleon, sternly. . . . The ^^ 48 AUDACITY-AUSTEHITV, Austriiins threw down tlu'ir nrms . . . missed nmkinj? [NiipoleonJ prisoner. — Auhott'b Napo- leon I., vol. 1, eh. 0. 304. AUDACITY of DMperation. Flnruhi Tiul- inrut. [Jiu'kson's iidniinislration i)r()p<)s,'arri,son of the fort, only two hundred and fifty yards away, co\dd brinp assistance. Thompson's body was jjierced by iVfteen bails, and four of his nine eomimn- ions were killed. — HiorATii's U. S., eh. 58. 395. AUGUEY, Book of. Vhinm',. The oldest and most respectable in point of authority is the book or table of Yking. This Yking, which has been held as a mysterious reeeplaele of the most profound knowled|;o, and is on thata<;eount allowed in China to be consulted only by tlie sect of the learned, is now known to be nothinjjj else than a superstitious and childish device for fortune-tellinjij or divination. It is a table on ■which there are sixty-four murks or lines, one half short, and the other half lonf>;, placed at reg- ular intervals. The person who consults the Yking for divining some future event takes a number of small i)ieees of rod, and, tlirovving them down at random, observes carefully how their accidental iK)sition corresponds to the marKs on the tal)le, from which, according to certain established rules, he predicts cither good or bad fortune. These rules, it is said, were laid down by the great Confucius, the chief of the Cliinese philosophers — a circumstance which does not tend to increa.se his reputation. The Jesuit missionaries, who could not root out these prejudices, thought it their best policy to turn them to advantage ; and in endeavoring to propagate the doctrines of Christianity, they pretended that Confucius had actually predicted the coming of the Messiah by this table of the Yking. — Tytlek'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 24. 396. AUGUEY, Building by. City of Rome. While [Romulus and Remus] were intent upon building, a dispute soon arose about the place. Romulus having built a sijuare, which he called Rome, would luive the city there ; but Remus marked out a more .secure situation on Mount Aventine, which, from him, was called Remo- nium. . . . The dispute was referred to the deci- sion of augury ; and for this purpose they sat down in ,'he open air, when Remus, as they tell us, £WW six vultures, and Romulus twice as many. . . . Hence the Romans, in their divination by the flight of birds, chiefly regard the vulture ; though Herodotus of Pontus relates, that Her- cules used to rejoice when a vulture appeared to him when he was going upon any great action. This was, probably, because it is a creature the least mischievous of any, pernicious neither to com, plants, nor cattle. It only feeds upon dead carcasses ; but neither kills nor preys upon any- thing that has life. As for birds, it does not touch them, even when dead, becau.se they are of its own nature ; while eagles, owls, and hawks tear and kill their own kind. — Pm'takcii's Lives. 39T. AU81EEITY, Example of. Yoiniger C'ato. Cato saw that a great reformation was want- ing in the manners and customs of his coun- try, and for that reason \w determined to gr. cdnlrarv to the corrui»t fashions which then olilaincil. He ()i)served (hat the richest and most lively puri)le was the thing most worn, and thcretore he went in black. Nay, he often appeared in i)ublic after dinner barefooted and without his gown. Not that he affected to bo talked of for that singularity ; but he did it by way of learning to be ashamed of nothing but what was really shamefid, and not to regard what depended only on the estimation of the world. — I'l.UTAiKir. SOS. AUBTEEITY, Monkish. Tn Kf/i/pt. Every seiLsation that is offensive U> man was thought accei)table to God ; and the angelic rule of Ta- benne condemned the salutary eu.stom of bath- ing the limbs in water and of anointing them with oil. The austere; monks slept on the ground, on a hard mat or a rough blanket ; and the .same bundle of jialm-leaves served them as a .seat in the day and a pillow in the night. Their original cells were low, narrow huts, built of the slightest materials, [a.d. 370.]— Giiujon's Rome, ch. 37, p. 531. 399. AUBTEEITY vs. Profligacy. Stnartg Restored. Many, too, who had been di.sgusted by the austerity and hypocri.sy of the Pharisees of the Conunonwealti'i, began to be still more disgusted by the o|)en profligacy of the court and of the Cavaliers, and were disposed to doubt whether the .sullen preciseness of Praise God Bareboncs might not be preferable to the outrageous profanencss and licentiousness of the Buckinghams and Sedleys. Even immoral men, who were not utterly destitute of sense and public spirit, complained that the government treated the most serious matters as trifles, and made trifles its serious business. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 2. 400. AUBTEEITY, Eeligions. Rev. John Hem- ton. [William Cowper advised with him.] New- ton would not Iiave sanctioned any poetry which had not a distinctly religious object, and lie received an assurance from the poet that the lively passiiges were introduced only as honey on the rim of the medicinal cup, to commend its healing contents to the lips of a giddy world. The Rev. John Newton must have been exceed- ingly austere if he thought that the quantity of honey used was excessive. — Smitu's Cowpek. ch. 4. 401. . Prise ilUnnintg. [Reign of Theodosius the Great.] If the Priscillianists violated the laws of nature, it was not by the licentiousness, but by the austerity, of their lives. They absolutely condemned the use of the mar- riage-bee' ; and the peace of families was often disturbed by indiscreet sejiarations. They en- joyed, or recommended, a total abstinence from all animal food ; and their continual prayers, fasts, and vigils inculcated a rule of strict and perfect devotion. The speculative tenets of the sect concerning the person of Christ and the nature of the human soul were derived from the Gnostic and Manichsean system. . . . The ob- sctire disciples of Prisf;illian suffered, languished, and gmdually disappeared ; his tenets were re- AUSTKHITY— .VrTIIOUITV 40 joct I ])y t )MK, (;h. 27. lOSI. (•Icrjjjy untl people. — Oiuhon'b M»uk». A.n. 870. Tlu«y wriippcd their IicikIh in ii cowl, to csciipo IIk- sijfiit of ])i()fim(' olijecis ; llicir Icj^h and feet were iml<(!(l, excerpt in tlu! cxticnH) cold of Avintcr ; and tlu'ir slow and fcclilc; steps were Hupported hy ii lonjj: stiilf. Tlic nHpcct of a ^renuino anchoret was horrid and di.s^justinff ; every Hensulion that is offensive to man was tlionpht acceptahle lo God ; and thean^c^lic nil<^ of, Tal)ennc condemned the sal\itary custom of hathing the limbs in water. . . . Theyslept on the ^'round, on ii hard mat or a rou^jh blanket. . . . Their orij^inid r:ells were low, narrow huts. . . . I'leiusure and guilt were synonymous terms. — Oiuhon'b IIomk, ch. 87. 403. AUTHOB, Humiliated. Fmlmek the Great. lie had sent ft large quantity of verses to Voltaire, and requested that they might be re- turned with remarks and correction. " See," ex- claimed Voltaire, "what a quantity of his dirty linen tlie king has sent me to wash !" Talebearers were not wanting to carry the sarcasm to tlie royal ear, and Frederick was much incensed. — MaCAULAY'S FllEDIilllCK THE GllEAT, p. 6. 404. AUTHOB, Bapid. Fiimvel Juhnson. The rapidity with which this work was composed is a wonderful circumstimce. Johnson has been heard to say: "I wrote forty-eight of the printed octavo pages of the Life of Savage at a sitting ; but then 1 sat up all night." — Boswell'h Johnson, p. 41. 405. AUTHOB, The unnoticed. Samuel John- ton. He said he expected to be attacked on ac- count of his "Lives of the Poets." " However," said he, " I would rather be attacked than unno- ticed. For the worst tiling you can do to an au- thor is to be silent as to his works. An assault upon a town is a bad ihing, but starving it is still worse ; an assault may l« unsuccessful — you may have more men killed than you kill — but if you sUirve the town, you are sure of victory." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 407. 406. AUTHOBITY, Alxwlute. MiUtnry. Ex- perience has fully proved that in war every operation, from the greatest to the smallest, ought to he under the absolute direction of one mind, and that every subordinate agent, in his degree, ought to ol)ey implicitly, strenuously, and with the show of ch*;erfulness, orders which he disapproves, or of which the reasons are kept secret from him. Representative assemblies, public discu.ssions, and all the other checks by which, in civil affairs, rulers are restrained from abusing power, are out of place in a camp. .Machiavel justly imputed many of the disasters of Venice and Florence to the jealousy which led those republics to interfere with every act of their generals. T'le Dutch practice of sending to an army deputies, without whose consent no great blow could be struck, was almost equally pernicious. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 5. 407. . Early Homana. The chil- dren imbibed from their infancy the liighest veneration for their parents, who, from the ex- tent of the paternal power among the Romans, had an unlimited authority over their wives, their offspring, and their slave.". It is far from natural to the human mind tlip.t the possession of power and authority should form a tyrannical dis- position. Where that authority, indeed, has been usurped by violence, its jKyssessor may, perhaps, 1)(^ temi)ted to maintain it by tyranny ; but where it is either a right di(^tat(!d by nature, or the easy effect of circumstances and situation, the very consciousness of authority is apt to in- s])ire a iM'nciflcence and humanity in the manner of exercising it. Thus wo tind \\w ancient Romans, although absolute sovereigns in their families, with the jiiH riltp ft lurin, the right of life and death over tlu-ir children and th(;{r slaves, were yet ex(x'llent husbands, kind and affectionate! parents, humane and indulgent masters. Nor was it until luxury had corrupted the virtuous simplicity of the ancic'iit manners, that this i)aternal authority, degenerating inU* tyrannical abus<'s, reciuired to be abridged in its power and restrained in its exercise by the «;ii- actment of laws. liy an apparent coatradiction, so long as the i)aternal authority was absolute, the slaves and children were happy ; w hen it became weakened and abridged, then it was that its terrors were, from the ex<'?o to !" exclaimed he in a voice of tliunder ; " we have had cnou^di of words like thes(>. It is time to put an end to all this, and to silence thes*- Imldilers !" Then, advancing? to the middle of the '.mil, and placing' his hat on his head will> a jresture of defiance, he stamped upon the floor, and ried aloud, " You arc no longer ii Parliament ! You shall not sit here a single liour longer ! Make nxmi for U'tter men than your- Hclves !" At tiles*' words llarri.son, iiiHlructed liy a glance from the general, disappeared, and returned in n moment after at the head of thirty HoUliers, veterans of the long civil wars, who sur- rounded Cromwell with their naked weuiiona. These men, hired by the Parliament, hesitated not at the command of their leader to turn their arms agaiiLst tlio.se who had placed them in their liands, and furnished another example, following the llubieon of Ciesar, to prove the inconipatibil- itv of freedom with sUmding armies. " Misera- ble wretches I" resumed Cromwell, as if violence ■without in,sult wa.s in8ufll(;ient for his anger, "you call yourselves a Parliament ! Y'ou ! — no, you are nothing but a ma.ssof tipi)lers and UImt- tines ! Thou,' he continued, iiointing with his finger to the most notorious jirofligates in the as- sembly, as they pa,ssed him in their endeavors to escape from the liall, "thou art a drunkard I Thou art an adulterer 1 And thou art a hireling, paid for thy speeches ! Y'ou are all scandalous sinners, who bring shame on the gospel 1 And you fancied yourselves a fitting Parliament for God's people I No, no, liegone ! let me hear no more of you I The Lord rejects you 1" During these apostroplies the members, forced by the soldiers, were driven or dragged from the hall. — Lamautinb's Ckomwei-i,, p. 61. 411. AUTHORITY, Dependence on. Unirise. [John Howard's only son became a dissolute man.] [See No. 378.] Howard was exceeding- ly particular with regard to the diet of the boy, and careful to inure him to hard.ship. This, too, ■was an excellent thing, but he did not carry it out ■wisely. He purposely forbore all explana- tion of his rules and denials. He never thought it right to say to the child, " My son, these pears will make you sick if you eat many of them, or eat them at improper times." He merely siild, "Jack, never touch a pear unless I give it to you." If the boy yielded to the temptation afforded by a garden full of fruit, he would place him in a .seat and command liini not to htir or speak until he sliouhl give him permission. Such was his a.scendency over the child, 'hat once ■when he had given him such an ordei and had forgotten all about it, lie found the child, four hours after, in the precise spot where lie had placed him, fast asleep. — CvcLorEuiA of Bioo., p. 69. 413. AUTH0BIT7 by Gentleness. Joan of Arc. For this great force to act witli efttciency, the one es.senlial and indispensable reouisite, unity of action, was wanting. Had skill an(i inlefligenccsulllced to impart it, the want would liav(> been su|iplied by Diinois ; but there was something more recpiircd — authority, and more than royal authority, too. for the king's caplaina were little in the habit of olK-ying lh(! king ; to subject thest! savage, untamalile spirits, God's authority was calhicl for. Now, the God of this ag(! was the Virgin much mon; than Christ ; and it iiehooved that the Virgin should des(;endupon earth, be a jiopular Virgin, young, beauteous, gentle, bold. ... It was at once a risible and a touching sight to see the sudden conversion of the old Armagnac brigands. They did not reform by halves. IGenerall La Hire durst no longer swear; and tlie Pucelle IJoanl took compassion on the violence he did himself, and allowed liim to swear" by his baton." The devils found them- selves all of a sudden turned into little saints. — Michklet'h Joan ok Auc, p. 13. 413. AUTHOBITT, Imprudence with. Charlet I. The Commons found a considerable opposi- tion to the extreme violence of tluar measures from the House of Peens. . . . The Commons framed an impeachment of the whole bench of bishojis, as endeavoring to subvert the constitu- tion of Parliament, and they were all committed to custody. These measures had the effect for which, it is presumable, they were intended. The patience of Charles was entirely exhausted, and lie was impelhid to a violent (\\ertion of au- thority. The attorney-general, by the king's command, impeached live members of the House of Commons, among whom were John Hamp- den, Pym, and Holies, tlie chiefs of the popular party. A sergeant being sent, without effect, to demand tliem of the Commons, the king, to the surprise of everybody, went in person to the House to seize them. 'They had notice of his in- tention, and had withdrawn. The Commons Justly proclaimed this attempt a breach of priv- ilege. The streets re-echoed with the clamors of the populace, and a general insurrection was prognosticated. The king acknowledged his er- ror by a humiliating message to the House ; but the submission was as ineffectual as the violence had been imprudent. — Tytleh's Hibt., Book 6, ch. 29. 414. AUTHOBITT, Necessary. Military. [The Scots invited the return of Charles IL, and were defeated by the army of Cromwell.] It certainly does ajjpear that David Leslie, the com- mander of the Scots at Dunbar, found his bands tied by a committee ; and any kind of battle any- where may be lost, but , jirobably , no battle of any kind was ever gained by a committee. The English army reached Dunbar. . . . the 1st of September, 1650. — Hood's Cuomwell, ch. 12. 415. AUTEOBITY, Personal. American Ind- ians. The Indian chief has no crown. . . . The bounds of his authority fioat with the current opinion of the tribe ; he is not so niuch obeyed :is followed with the alacrity of free volition ; and therefore the extent of his power depends on his personal cliaracter. — Banchoft's \j. S., vol. 3, ch. 22. 416. AUTHOBITY, Popular. Charles I. [Dur- ing the agitation which resulted In the over- throw of the king and the establishment of the AUTIIOUITY— AUTOCUAT. 61 ('onimonwciillhl flic irmolcnco of Kcvcnil nicm- \K'.n of tli(^ lIoiiMc of ('oiniiioiiH, wliicli burst fortli in t'vidciit violation of ]\\n (li^nlty and royiil prcrojijutivi', Icl't liim no clioicf Ix'twccn tlic Hlwuncfiil iilxindonincnt of IiIh titiuuM i;or nn rncrp'tic vindication of IdH ri^lilH. IIi; went down liiinHclf to liu! Iloimc, localise tlie arrest o*" tliosc nieinlicrs wlio were RniHy of liijfli treason, und caliiMl niion tlu; prcHideiil to |)oint llieinoiit. "Hire," replied lie, kneeling?, "in tiie place Mint I occupy I liavo only oyc.n to see and a lonj^iu! to speak according to llio will of thi^ house 1 serve. I thereforo huinbly cravo your Majesty's pardon for venturing to disobey you." (-'Iiarles, liuniil- lated, retired willi his guards.— L.\.m.\utink'h Ckumwkm,, p. 27. 4 IT. AUTHOBITT, Supreme. J»,in of Arc The two authorities, the paternal and the celes- tial, enioined her two opposite conunands. The one onlered her to remain obscure, modest, and laboring ; the other to set out and save the king- dom. The angel bade her arm herself. Her fatlier, rough and honest j)ea.sant as he was, swore that, rather than his daughter should go away with nu!n-at-arms, he would drown her with his own hands. One or other, disobey she mu.st. Bi;- yond a doubt this was the greatest battli! she was called upon to tight ; those against the English were play in comparison. — Miciielet's Joan ok Au(", p. 6. 4 lit. AUTHORSHIP, Anxietiei of. Sionud Johimm. My Iniok [the dictionary] is now coming in litmiim omit. What will be its fate I know not, nor think much, because thinking is to no purpose. It must stand the censure of the great vulgar and ttui small; of those that under- stiind it, and that understand it not. But in all this, I suffer not alone ; every writer has tlic Bame difficulties, and, perhaps, every writer t^dks of them more than he thinks. — Bobwell's JoiiN- eoN, p. 75. 410. AUTHORSHIP imputed. PoHthumouit Fragments of Margaret Nkhohon. Hogg found him one day busily engaged in correcting proofs of some original poems. Shelley a.sKed his friend what he thought of them, and Hogg an- swered that it miglit be possible by a little altera- tion to turn them into capitid burlesques. This idea took the young poet's fancy ; and the friends between tliem soon effected a meUimor- phosis in Shelley's serious verses, liy which they became unmistakably ridiculous, ifiiving achiev- ed their purpose, they now bethought them of the proper means of publication. Upon whom should the poems, a medley of tyrannicide and revolutionary raving, be fathered ? Peg Nich- olson, a mad washerwoman, had recently at- tempted George the Third's life with a carving- knife. No more fitting autlior couki be found. They would ^ive their pamphlet to the world as her work, edited by an adnuring nephew. The printer appreciated tlie joke no less than tlie authors of it. He provided splendid paper and magnilicent type ; and before long the book of nonsense was in the hands of Oxford readers. It sold for the high price of half a crown a copy ; and, what is hardly credible, the gowns men received it as u genuine production. " It ■was indeed a kind of fashiyn to be seen reading it in public, as a mark of nice discernment, of a delicate and fastidious taste in poetry, and the best criterion of a choice spirit."— Svmonds* Siii<-.i,i.KV, ch. 3. 440. AUTHORSHIP, Originality in. Th<>ma» Ji'ri'irMiin. From llie fulness of his own mind, without consulting one single book, .letTerson [thirty three years old) drafted the Declaration [of American Itidependence|, submitted it sepa- rately to Franklin and to .lolin Adams, accept- ed from each of them one or two verbal, uniin- porlant corrections . . . on the twenty-eighth of .lune reported it to Congress. — M.vnciiokt'h U. S., V( H, ch. 70. 4ill. AUTHORSHIP, Qualified. Tfw Stamp Art. Who was the authorof the American stamp tH.\ ? At a later day .Icnkinson |liist Secretary of the Treasury) a.ssured the Hoiisirof (Jommon."* that, " if the Stamp Act wasagood measure, th« merit was not due to Grcnvillit ; if it was a bad one, the ill jiolicy did not belong to him ;" but he never confes.sed to tlie H(>us(' where tho blame or the merit could rest mon; justly. In his late old age he delighted to converst! freely . . . save only on tiie one subject of (!•.<; con- test with America. [George Greiivillel brought this scheme into form. — B.vnciiokt's U. S., vol. '}, ch. 8. 4'Jtl. AUTHORSHIP, Reward of. Jofni mi ton. The agreeiiunt, .still preserved in the National Museum, between tlie author, "John Milton, gent, of the one parte, and Samuel Symons, printer, of the other parte," isamcmg the curios- iti(;s of our literary hi.story. The curiosity con- sists not so much in the illustrious nanu; append- ed (not in autograpli) to the deed, as in the con- trast uetween the jircsent fame of the lH)ok and the waste-paper price at which the ciopyright is being valueci. The author received kit down ; was to receive a second £5 when the first edition sliould be sold ; a tliird £5 when the se(;ond ; a fourth £5 when the third edition should bo gone. Milton lived to receive the second £5, and no more — £10, in all, for " Paradi.se Lo.st." I cannot bring my.self to join in the lament^ition.s of tlie biographers over this bargain. Surely, it is better so ; better to know that the noblest monument of English letters had no money value, than to thinTc of it as having been paid for at a pound tlie line. — Pattibon's Milton, ch. 13. 4tl3. AUTOCRAT, Military. Pompey. When Pompey commanded in the East, he rewarded hif soldiers and allies, dethroned princes, divided kingdoms, founded colonies, and distributed the treasures of Mithridates. On his return to Rome he obtained, by a. single act of the Senate and people, the universal ratitication of all his proceedings. Such was the power over the .soldiers and over the enemies of Home, which was either granted to or a.ssumed by the gener- als of the republic. They were, at the .same time, the governors, or rather monarchs, of the conquered provinces, united the civil with the military cliaracter, administered justice as well as the linances, and exercised both the executive and legislative power of the Slate. — Giubon's Home, ch. 3. 424. AUTOCRAT, Royal. ITeni-y YIII. From \TA^ to l.')33 no Parliament was summoned. Henry [VIII.] and his great minister [Cardinal WolseyJ governed the kingdom at their sole will.— Kniout's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 17, p. 275. 62 AVAUICK. 495. AVABIOE Mqtdred. Stmmi Johnmm. It wiiN oliMcrvid, tliitl iivuri('(' whs Inlurciil iti HoiiK! (lisiioHitiniiH. .loiiNHoN : " No iiiiiii wim liorii 11 iiiiMT, Ikthiim' no iiiiiii was horn lo )ios- iM'sxion. Kvi TV nmn is Imiiii r(//(/V/(//t— (Icsiroiis «»f p'tlin)( ; but nol (ininm — (IcMiious of kr(|i Inji:" HoMWKi.i, : '• I liiivc licanl olil Mr. Slur- itiiiii iimintain, with ninrli in^'iniiily, lliar a I'onipli'lo miser is a lia|>|>v man — a miser wlio f fives liimselt' wliolly lo ifie one |)assion of sav- iik" .loiiNKo.N : '' Thai is living' in llie I'aei' of all lh(! World, who have culleil an uvarieions man a inimr, liecause he is miserahle. No, sir; H man who liolh spends and saves money is the liajipiest man. heea.ise he has hot h enjoy nienls." — Moswki.i/h .Johnson, p. ;tl»0, 4441. AVARICE of the Clergy. /<'//'//>/ h (\n- turi/. |a. I). IJ50-HH.-). The Clnire'li had i^lmt the moullis of Ihe holdest eomplainaiits. | '{'he uhheys mi|rht. more and mon; appropiiale the r(!venues that ou;;hl. to he the reward of the jmrish-priest ; the hisliop mlf.dit ne^dect his sa (red functions, lo add lo his revenues the fees of the ^reat otilees of Slate, and, lik(> (lardinal Heaufort, |)ro^reat tt^mi)oral lords to withdniw the funds of li(>s|)itals from their proiJLT us((s, and leave the old, the lazar, the lu- natic, and the pregnant woman, forwhosi; henellt those hospitals witc, endowed, to perish at their utmost need. — Knioiit'h Kno., vol. 2, ch. H, p. 124. 4ar. AVABICE, Contempt for. ItiifinnK. [This Roman |)refect was assassinated. | His avarice, whi(!li seeins to have prevailed in his corrupt ndnd over every other sentiment, attracted the wealth of the La.st, by the various arts of par- tial and general extortion, oppnvssive tJixes, scan- dalou.s bril)ery, immoderate flues, unjust confis- catioiiH, forced or fictitious testameiiLs, by which the tyrant des|M)ile(l of their lawful inheritance tlie children of strunj^ers or enenues ; and the public sale of justice, as well as of favor, which he instituted in the ])alac(^ of Constan- tinople. . . . His mangled body was abandoned to the brutal fury of the populace of either Bex, who hastened in crowds, from every quarl(U' of the city, to trample cm the remains of the haughty minister, at who.se frown they had so lately trembled. His right hand Avas cut off and carried through tlm streets of C'on.stantino- ple, in cruel nio(!kery, to ex'iort contributions for the avaricious tyrant, whose head was p\iblicly exposed, borne aloft on the point of a long lance. — Giuhon's Uomk, ch. 21). 438. AVABICE, Corrupted by. TtinndiiH. AVhen the passion of avarice had, as at this time, ])er- vaded all the ranks of the State, it is not won- derful that the public measures shoidd be in Ww greatest degrtjc mean and disgraceful. The am- bition of conquest was now little else than the desire of rapine and plunder. If the allies of the 8tat« were opident, the Romans considered their wealth as a sufficient rea.son for dissolving all treaties between them, and holding them as a lawful object of conquest. Thus the kingdoms «f Numidia, of Pergamus, of Cappadocia, of Bithynia, separate sovereignties boimd to the allegiance of the Romans by the most solemn tn'atles, were invaded as if they had Ih^'h ancient and natural enendes, and reduced to the condi- tion of conr|uered provinces. The Senate madd a kind of tralllc of thrones and governments, selling them op4 Ix-fon* — wldch was, that they had joined Ihe other (Jreciaii States /// miit/iii;/ Imo/m In l/ir mVyr of Tioji ! — Tyti.ku'h Ilif'r , Hook 4, ch. (I. 4tlO. AVARICE, Criminal, l.oiiilnn. [In 1N!I7 tilt! maslei'-iailors were Ihe most notorious for carele.ssn<'ss and avarici- of all London em- ployers Some of Iheml would huddle sixty or eighty wdrkmeii close together, nearly knee to knee, in a room lil'ty feet by Iweniy feel broad, lighted from nbove, where the femi)era- turc! in summer was thirty degrees Idgher than Ihe tem|M-ralure outside. Young men from Ihe Cfamlry fainted w hen they were llrst contlned in su '** Ik' '>y ^^Iki**)' hi'ciiiiiiI iMMtkM it nIiuII apiK'uf, itl'lcr IiIm iIi'iiIIi, Hint lie liiiil tiinrr timn ildiililcil wliitt lie liiul i'i'ii'Im'iI tniiii lih nnii'slMis. "— ('\( i,(in;iiiA hk liKiiiiiAi'iiv, |i.4',':t. /iiii>t' ('iij>/Htiliast, ii> ri'imsi' tlii'in w'lvcs fiirawliili'al'Irr till' t'Mllifiii'sot'tlii'st'a. In this plari! llii'V (•x|irriiii(iil Imw aviiiiri' invcshil with aiitliiirlly may Hporl with tin- livrs nf thoiiHiiiiils wlili'li all' liravi ly rxiioMi-il fur the luililic Hcrvlcc. Acciiriiiiijc in military piiutirc, the liriad or liisciiit iif llir {{umaiiM was iwlrc pi'i'parcil ill till! ovrii, anil tlii' ilimlniition nf iini' t'lmi'lli was clu'iTl'iilly alluwcil fur tin- h>^^ of weight. To )>'ahi this iiiiHi'ialili- protll. ami In Wkvo tin- expense of wood, the prefeit, John of (.'uplMidoeia, hud v^iven orders that, the tloiir nIioiiIiI lie sliiflitly liaised by the .same lire wlijili warmed the IiuiIih of (."onstaiitinople ; and when tliu Nui'ks weri' opened, a Hiift and inonldy paste wii.s distriliiited totluMirniy. Such iinwholcHonie food, assisted liy the heat of the climate and MC'iison, soon jirodiieed an epidemical disease, which swept away five hundred HoldierH. — Oui- iiDNS lloMK, ell. 41, ]>. 122. 4:14. AVARICE puniihed. (' run huh The Parthiiins havin^r cominered the Koiiian . 440. AVARICE, Bupremaoy of. f'onffilfrateH. It is a subject of exliiiordinary n mark, that the struggle for our iiidi'iienilence liould havo Ik'I'ii nltended by the igiinble circuinstance.s nf a cnnimercial s|>ecul;iii'iii in the Hniith un- paralleled in its heartlessiiiss and .seltlsh greed. \Var invariably excites avarice and speculation ; it is tin; active promoter of rapid fortuneH and corrupt commercial practices. . , . [This, | tho only .serious blot which defaced niir strugglo for independence, was, at least to .some extent, the creature of circumstances ; and that is lost . . . in the lust r(( of arms and virtues shed 011 the Soutli in the most sublime trials of the war. — I'oi.KAKD's Skmind Ykauok thk VVak, ch. 9, p. 287. 441. AWE, Effect of. PrrH/nn. King. Sa- por . . . as he p:isseil under the walls of Andda, re.MolM'd t() try whether the majesty of ins pres- ejice would not aw*; the gitrri.son into inunediatu submission. The sacrilegious insult of a random dart, which glanced against the royal tiara, con- vinced him of his error. — CiinnoN'a Komk, ch. 19. 44a. AWE, Silence of. Bdltle ,./ the Nile. [At the buttle of the Nile the I'Orient, of one hundred anil twenty guns, afterburning an hour, blew lip. J When the explosion came, there was an awful silence. For ten minutes not a gun was flred im either side. The instinct of self-preservation, as well as the sudden awe on this sublime event, jiroduced this pau.se in the battle. — Kmoiit'b Eng.,vo1. 7, ch. 20. 443. AWKWARDNESS and Agility. The Poet Shelley. Hogg gives some details ... of Shel- ley's personal appearance. . . . "There were many striking contrasts in the character and behavior of Shelley — of the clumsy with tlie graceful. He would stumble in stepping across the floor of a drawing-room ; he would trip himself up uu a ijmoutu-shuven grass-plot, and ill' tt4 HA( IIKI.OHH IIANKKHS urcut, (liifiiilv.l 'I'licrc! is upon rcconl a vcim luiiilitblc act (if liix, that took place duriiiL; III hii would tiiin>)l«i In tli'- imohi Inconiclvalili* nnuuKT in uNci'nilinK tlx' conuniMlloiiH, rm lie, nnil well ('ur|N'ti<<| NtainuMi' of an cli'ifKnt man Dion, NO nx to linilMf hU noMc >ir liU llpH mi llic iip|H'r Hli'pM. or to Iri'iiil iip"n liis liamlx, und cvi'ii ocra.tionally to di-tlurl) llir coiiipo Hiirn of a well lircd footman , on llir (ontnny, III' would ofli'u n\\i\v witliniii )'oll|sion lliiDiiv^li n ffowdcd aMHcinlilv, Irrad wilh unrrrin^ di'\ tcrily a moHt intrd'alf palli, or Hrnircly and rapidly tread the mont ardiiouH and untcrlaiii ways.''— SvMoNim' Hiiki.i.i.y, eh. 2. '•'II. BACHELORS diioardod. Fimr/i /t,r,.f,i Willi. A. It. I71M The Nulional Convenlloii now prepared anotlur eoiiMiltutinn for llie adoption «)f tlie |K'o|ile of Kriiiwe. . . . The leniHlallve IiowerM were eomndtled to two iHidiex, ax in the lulled States. The (Irst, eorrespondinn I') Hie IJiiited Htules Henate, was to lie eiilled the ('itunril of f/in AnriiiitM. It was to eonsJNt of two hundred and fifty niemliers, each of whom was tf) he at least foriy years of iiirc, ai\d a married man or widower. An unmarried man was not fofLsidered worthy of a post of sueh reMponsilill Ity in the service of llie Slate. — A i-uorr'H Nai'o J,K<»N M. , vol. 1, eh. ;i. 44Si. BACHELORS forced to marr^. /i*"///<'. (Camillus was called llat Mccoiid Icamdcr of tome. He was for a linu! censor, an olllce of 7 place (lurlni.; Ins ntllce. As tin; wars had rnadi! many widows, lie oliliged such of the irien ns lived single, partly by persinision, and partly liy threatening,' thetu with tines, to marry those widows. — Pi.i' TAIU'll. 4'lle Inl" banish- ment. The llrst move nt was to demand an oath of allegiance, whicli was so framed that the French, as honest Calholics, could not lake it. . . . The next sleii on the part of the Knglish was to accuse the Freiii li of treason, and to de- mand the surrender of all their llrearms and boats, To this measure the broken hearled peo- ple also sii bmitti'd. They even olTercd to take tlie oath, but Lawrence dei^lared thai, having onco refused, they must now lake the coiise)|ueiiees. The Hritlsh" vessels were maile ready, and the work ly r)f iiutncv. TliiiN, 111 KriKliiiid, Kliik( Juliii lrn|>rlM()iiri| ific J«WH, ill nriliT t(i fonii u dlxcovrry i>f tlulr wcitltli ; iind iiiittiy of IIicm^ iinfiirtiiiiiili' wri'tchi"*, wlio would mil. ri'Vi'iil tlu'lr (rcuNiiri's, wrrc |iuii- Nlicd with Hid IdHNfif llii'ir ryvn. jliii Hichc jfili'V uiici'M, wlili'li wiiiild Ni'ciii ii|i|iiirciilly calciiliili'il to ri'iircHM III!) Npiril (if cniii ncrcr, ciuitrilinti'd In tills iiistiiiii-o Very nmlcrlitlly In IIn iidviiiK'ciiiriil. 'I'll i^iiitrd uptliiHt tlii'Ni! lyruiiiiicul di'|iri'din^ iiiion a Hiriet Inlerprela- tion of those imssuges ol Herlptuni VNhicli eon- il(unii tlie taking of usury, was adverse to Ihe ciiHtoin of deiiiaiidin^ even tlu) most moderale int(!reHt for tho use of money ; and In^nee Ihe Ixinkin^ trade of tlu>H(! Ijomhard merelianis, who very naturally thought th(>m.selveM entitled to ii pruinium for tliu loan of their money, fell under tho ceiiHunt of tho ehurcih, iind liepiii to lie deemed unlawful. They were oliiif^ed, there- foro, to c'lvry on tlieir i)usiiu!.SH us Imnkers to great distidvantaffe. 'I'heir Imrj^ains wero neees- Hiirily kent private, and eonse(piently tlieir e.xiu - tioHH, fH.'ing urhitrary, were ofU^n most exorlii- tunt and fraudulent. — Tyti-ku'h Hiht., JJook 0, ch. 17. 4AI. BANKKUPTCT predicted. Great Britain. Lord liyttelton, in 17119 ; Lord Holiiigliroki!, in 1745; David IIum(!, in 1761; Adam Smith, in 1770; Dr. Pri(X', in 1777; Lord Stair, in 1783 ; each honestly licHoved that England was fust approaching the r()n(iition of inevitahlo hiink- ruptcy. In 1784 Marshall Conway wrote : " Tlie suniH spent in losing America are a blow w(! shall never rocover." — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 1, p. 2. 43a. BANQUET, Extravagant. Court of Huh- Ilia. [Naj)oleon's amlia.ssador arrived from France. | Every day brought new fetes ... I will mention one. . . . At a supper given after a ball at the Embassy, a plate of tlvo jH'ars cost five hundred and flhy dollars. On another occa- sion cherries, which had been purchased at the pri(!0 of eiglity cents, wero served as abundantly as though they bad cost not more than twenty cents tho pound. [8uch was the competition in extravagance betwe((ii the two courts. Napoleon said when he heard of it :] " Such extravagances are only to be expected of madmen or fools." — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 2. 453. EAPTISH procrastinated. Conrcrtn. Among the proselytes of Christianity, there wen; many who judgeci it imprudent to precipitate a salutary rite, which could not be repeated ; to throw away an inestimable privilege, which could never be recovered. By the delay of their baptism, they could venture freely to indulge their passions in the enJoynienlH of this world, while llicy mIIII nlalned in iheir own hands lh(« inrans of a sure and citHy almohillon. — (Iiiiiio.n'h KiiMi:, ch. 2(1. 44 1. BAPTIST, Pioneer. M>mr WiHiamn. Hn. ger Williams iM'longcd lo liiat mosl radical liiidy of disseiilers called AnabapllMlM. Iiy llinn thi> validily of InfanI liaplisni was denied. Wil- liams himself had Imtii liapli/.ed In Infancy, but his views in regard to Ihe value of Ihe ceremony had undergone a change during Ids miiilsiry In Salem. Now Ihat he had freed himself froiii all foreign aulliorily bolli of (hiireh and Stali>, ho conceived it lo bohisdnly loreceivea second bap- Usui. But who should perform Ihe ceremony / K/.eklel |[olliinan,a liiyinan, was selecled for tho Miicreddiily. Williams ineekly received Ihe rite at, Ihe iiaiuisof his friend, and llieii in liirn bapli/ed lilni and len olhcr exiles of lhi> colony. Sik h was Ihe organl/.alloii of Ihe first liaplisl church in America. -BiiirAi'irs I'. S., ch. 22. 4AA. BARBABITY to Animali. Ilorm:*. [In the iniildle of llieeighleeiilh celllury. | wonderful as It may aiipcar, Ihe "barbarous cusloin" of ploughing, harrowing, drawing, and workinv; with horses by the tail was not explodeil at Casth'biir and olher places. — IvMoirr'rt Eno., vol. 7, ch. 2. p. :«2. 4a«. BABBER8, Surgical. Kni/hni,/. [InlM7 tli(! surgeons separaled from Ihe barlier sur- geons, j The barlK-r-surgeons shaved, and drew leelh, and bled, and atU^iupted cures. ... In , l.'>40lh(Hwo compiiiiles were nulled by slatule. — IvNKiirr's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 29, p. 41»H. 4H7. BASOAIN, Foolish. St. Thoman Tmlian. iColunibus' tlrsl voyage. | On one occasion an ndiaii gave lialf a handful of gold-dust in ex- cliangi; for one of the.si; toys, and no sooner was Ik; in p(is.se.ssion of it t' stii- pondou.s luiucdiicls, so jiisllv (■clcliralcd liy tiu: priiiHi-H of Aui^ustiis liiinsclf, rcplciii.Hlicd the T/ieniM, or hiitlis, wliicli liml liccii (•instructed in every part of tlii- city, willi imperial niairnifi- cenee. TIk; ballisof Aiiloiiiinis Caracalla, wiiicli were op(!ii, at stated liow i, for tiie iiidiscriininate service of the senators and the jieople, contained idjove sixteen I;undred seals of nirrhle, and more than lhre(! tlionsand v.'cre reckoned in tiie l„itiis of I)iocl(?tian. Tlie walls of the lofty apartments were covered with curious mosaics, that imitated the art of the j)encil in the eleicance of desiirn and the vari(!ly of colors. The Ki^yplian granite wiLS lieautifully incrusied with tin; pre(dous f^reen marble of Nnmidia ; the perpetual stream of hot wattir was poured into the capacious iKisins, through .so many wide mouths of bright and ma.s.sy silver; and the meanest Uoman i'ould pureha.se, with a small copiiertoin, the daily en- joyment of a .scene of ])omp and hi.\ury which mig!»t e.xcite the en- y of th(^ kings of Asia. From these stately palaces issued .! swarm of dirty and ragged iilebeian.-i, without shoes and without a mantle, who loitered I'way whole days in the street or Forum to hear news and to hold disputes ; who dissipated, ine.\trav..,^mtgamini.'', the miserable pittance of their wives and chil- dren, and i'pent the hours of the night in obscure laverns and brothels, Iri the indulgence of gross and vulgar .sensuality. — GiunoNs U(jmk, eh. 31, p. '?63. 461. BATTLE, Bloodless. In Armor. [In 1119 the battle of Noyon, or Urcmeville, was fought in France ] '''he battle was not a sanguinary one, an'' wa.s remarkable for the comparative .safety Widi which the liorsemen in compl"te har- ness enco\mtered each other. Oidericus says: " In the battle between the two kings, in which nearly nine hundred knights were engaged, I have a.S(;ertained that only three were slain. This arose from their being entirely coveretl with steel armor, and nmtually sparing each other for the fear of God and out (jf regard for the fraternity of ai'ms. — Kxuurr's E>(i., vol. 1, eh. 17, p. 2U. 462. . Fort Sumtir. [After a vig- orous bond)ardment for two da^s by the Confed- erates, the barracks took tire.] .Major Anderson agreed to an luiconditional surrender . . . on leaving the fort he was permitted to .salute his flag with fifty gvuis, the performance of which W!is attended with the melancholy occurrence of mortid injuries to four of his men l)y the burst- ing of I wo cannon. There was no other life lost in the whole iilfair. ... It was estimated two tJiou.";ind shots had been fired in all . . . yet not a life had been lost nor a limb injured. — Pol- LAUu's FiKST Ykak ot-' TiiK Waii, cli. 2, p. 55. 463. BATTLE, Bloody. Buttle of Toirton. When Margaret [of Anjou], wIkj liad now set her husbantl at liberty, prepared to enter London in triumph, she found the gates of the city .shut against her. Young Edward, the eldest .son of the late Duke of York, had begun to repair the los.ses of his party. Londcn had declared in his favor, and proclaimed him king by the title of Edward IV. Margaret of Anjou, whose gu-at- uess of f;oul was superior t(j ail of her misfort- les. retreated to the north of England, where she found means to a.ssend)le an army of 60,000 men. Warwick met her at the heail of 40,000, at Towton, on th(! borders of Yorkshire. An engagement ensued — one of the bloodic^.st and most desperate that is recorded in the English his'oiy. Thirty-si.\ thousand men were left dead u])on the field; Warwick gained a complete victory, by which the young Edward Avas flxed upon the throne, iind th(! vanipiished ISIargaret, with her husband [Henry VI. | and infant son, took refuge in P'landers.—Tvri, Kit's Hist., Book (!, ch. 14,' I). 22."). 464. BATTLE, Cry in. r.dttlr of NaKchy. If I'.ny field could have been won by ])assion alone, Hiipert wouid have won not only ^aseby, but many anolii.'r field ; but we know that, a.s piw- sion is one of the most frail elements of our na- ture, so Hupert was one of the most frail of men. At the head of his Cavaliers, in white sash and plume, lu! indeed flamed in brilliant gallantry over the field, shouting, "Queen Mary ! Queen Mary !" while the more rough, unkmglitly sol- diers thundered, " God is with us ! God is with us!" . . . "God is with us !" struc:k likL' light over his soldiers' hearts, like lightning over his ene- mies. What was there in the ])oi)r cry, " Queen Maiy !" (and such a .Mary !) to kinclle feelings like that ! — Hood's Cko.mwell, eh. 10. 465. BATTLE, Decisive. Battle of ChoTonen. The Macedoni.m army amounted to 30,000 foot and 2000 horse ; that of the Athenians and their allies was nearly ecjual in number. The left wing of the ^Macedonians was commanded by the j'oung Alexander, and it was his fortune to be oppo.sed by that body of the Thebans ca'led thu xar red hand ; {he, courage of the combat). nts on both .side was, therefore, inflamed by :» fiigh l)rinciple of honor. The attack of Alexander was imi)etuons beyond all description, but was su.stained w'th the most determined bravery on the part of the Thebans ; and had the courage and conduct of their allies given them an ad- ecpiate support, the fortune of the day would probably have been fatal to the Macedonians ; but, unaided by the timely co-operation of the main body of the Greeks, the miered band were left alone to sustain this desperate a.ssault, and they fought till the whole of these noble The- bans lay dead upon the fleld. The Athenians, however, on their jiart, had made a most vig- orous attack on the centre of the Macedonian army, and broke iuid put to flight a great body of the enemy. Philip, it the head of his for- midable i)haianx, was not engaged in the flght, but coolly withheld his attack till he .saw the Greeks pursuing their success against the cen- tre with a tunudtuous impetuosity. He then charged them in the rear with the whole strength and solidity of his phalan.x ojjpo.sed to their deranged and disorderly battalions. The aspect of affairs was now (pnte changed, and the Gre- cian army, after a desperate conflict, was broken and entirely put to flight. . . . This decisive en- gagement, which, in its inunediate consequences, put an end to the liberties of Greece, was fought in the3'ear338 before Chri.st. — Tvtleu's Hist., Book 2, ch. 3. 466. BATTLE, Disparity in. Battle of Arhela . Alexander . . . i)as.sing the Tigris and Euphrates without opposition, came up with the Persian T B ATT I.E. 57 monurcli [Divrius] at tlic liciid ( i 700,000 men, near to tl.c villajfo of Arbcla . , the- Macedonian anny did not exceed 40,000 men. It wits toward tlie close of tlic day wiien tliey came in si^lit of the prodii^ious host of tlic Persian.s, which ex- tended over an imnien.se plain to the utmost dis- tance that the eye could reach. Even some of Alexander's bravest officers were ajipalled with this si^'ht. . . . The; attack was ma(ie at day- break with an ardor and impetu(' the ino.st glorious exploit.s. The opulent city of ('aen in Normandy was taken and plundered, and the English were extending their depredations almost to the gates of Paris, whei; Philip ap- Ijcared in their front with an army of 100,000 men . . . tlu; English archers began the engage- ment, which throwing that wing o*" ihe French to whom they were opposed into the utmo.st con- fusion, the Prince of Wales, taking advantage of their dismay, attacked them Avith irresistible im- petuosity. The king, who commanded a body of re.s«'rve, was determined to allow his intrepid son the honor of the day ; he kept aloof from tln! fight, which was maintained on both sides with the most desperate courage. [The French were defeated.] Thirty thou.sand were left dead on the spot. Among these were John, King of Bo- hemia; Ralph, Duke of Lorraine, and a great piu'tof the nobility of France. — Tyti, lint's IIisT., Book G, ch. 12. 471. . Aijiiiciiurt. On pretence of recovering the ancient patrimony (jf the crown of England, Henry [IV.] made a desc'cnt on Normandy with an army of 50,000 men. He took the tower of Ilarfleur, and carried devastation into the country. A contagious distemper ar- rested his progress and destroyed three fourths of his arnij', and in this deplorable condition, with about 9000 elTective troops, he Wiis met by the Constable D'Albret, at the head of 60,000 men. In this .situation a retreat was attempted by the English, but they were harassed by the enemy, and comjiellcd to come to an engagement on the j)lain of Agincourt. On that day the English arms obtained a signal triumjth. The French were so confident of success, that they made a jiropostd to the English about surrcndi ring, and began to Iri'at for tlu^ ransom o'' their prisoners. Henry observed in their immen.se anny the re- missness and relaxation which commonly attend a great superiority of numbers. He le(l on his little band to meet them in order of battle. The French stood for a con.si(l'jrable space of time, and beheld this feelile foe with indignation and contcm; ',. " Come on, my friends," said Henry ; " since they scorn to attack us, it is ours to show them the example. Come on, and the bles.s<^'d Trinity be our protection." . . . The French were broken, dispersed, and entirely cut to l)ieces. The nunilKT of the slain amounted to 10,000, and 14,000 were taken prisoners. The loss I T 58 BATTLE. of tlu! En^lisli in the victory of Affincourt is said not to liiiv(! f!x<:c(>(le(l 40 men— u fact iKJnlcrini,' upon tlie iucredible. — Tytlku'sHist., liooli 0, ch. 13. -ira. . nienheim. a.d. 1704. Fifty- six thousiind Allies iiiulcr tlie Duk(; of Marlhor- ou^h and Prince EiiKt'iie, and 60,0()0 En-ncii and Biivarian.s under Marslial Tallard, aided l»v lii.s fellow-general Marsin. The Allies won the battle, taking 12,000 prisoners. They lost 1 1 ,000 killed and wounded. Total loss of French and Bavarians, in killed, -wounded, prisoners, and deserters, 40,000.— Knioht's Exd., vol. 5, ch. 18, p. ^85. 473. . Jemi. [On the 14th of Oc- tober, 1806, 200,000 men were engaged, with 700 pieces of caiuion. Bonaparte defeated the Pnis- Kians, 20,000 being killed or woiuided and above 30,000 taken prisoners. Their king, Frederick William III., lied from the tield.]— Knriiit's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 27. 474. . Ij'iithcn. [Frederick H. of Prussia, witji 30,000 uien, attacked 80,000 Aus- trians.] TJie Austrians fought bravely, but the genius of the Prussian leader gave him a mighty victory, which Napoleon said was of itself sufflcient to place Frederick in the rank of the greatest generals. [Fought at Jjcuthen, 1757.J— Kniuut'sEn(i., vol. 6, ch. 15, p. 231. 475, . Navarino. [The British, French, and Russian fleets met the Turki.sh and Egyptian fleets in the port of Navarino, and after four hours' battle one half of the 120 men- of-war and transports were stuik, burnt, or driven on .shore.] — Ivnioiit',s Eno., vol. 8, ch. 12, p. 227. 476. The Mlc. Nile, fought on August 1, 1798. [Battle of the Tlie number of the ships in the two fleets was nearly equal. The French lost the battle ; uine sail of the line were taken and two burned. Only two French ]ine-of-battle ships and two frigates escaped.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 20, p. 357. 477. . Rosshnch. [Frederick II. of Prussia, with 22,000 men, at Kossbach met 40,000 French and 20,000 Germans.] Never wa.s victory more complete. The French and the Imperial troops vied witli each other in tlie swiftness of their flight. They left 7000 pris- oners, guns, colors, baggage — all that could manifest the extent of their humiliation. — Knight's Exa., vol. 6, ch. 15, p. 230. 478. . TrnfaUjar. [Under Admiral Lord Nelson was a British fleet of twenty-seven ships-of-the-line and fo\ir frigates. The French and Spaniards had oppo.sed to him thirty-three ships-of-the-line and seven frigates, twenty of which struck their colors. Isel.son was killed in the battle.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 25. 479. . At mm. On the •20th of October [1805] 30,000 [Austrians], with 00 pieces of cannon, marched out of the fortress and laid down their arms [to Bonaparte]. — Knight's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 35. 4§0. . Victoria. [Fought by 20,000 Spanisli and 70,000 British and Portuguese under the Duke of Wellington against tlie French. Wellington described the result in his despatches.] I liave taken from them 151 pieces of cannon, 415 wr.gons of ammunition, all their baggage, provisions, cattle, treasure, etc.. and a con.sideral)le nuiiiiier of jiri.soners. — Knioht'B Eno., vol. 7, ch. 31, p. 502. 4§l. . Wiiffnim. [Between 300,000 and 400,000 troops engaged on the Otli of July, 1H09. Twenty-four thousand Au.strians anc! 18,000 French "are said to have been killed and wounded.] — Knight's E.N(J., vol. 7, ch. 29, p. 510. /IJHa. . Wdttrloo. [Fought June 18, 1815; about l.")(),0()0 men, nearly eiiually di- v'.dc(i, were in the two armies. Wellington commanded the Allies and gave Napoleon liis flnal defeat. The Allies lost 24,079. The French lost 18,500 killed or wounded, and 7800 prisoners. — Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 2, p. 37. 483. BATTLE, Ineffective MamlNo. 10. The bombardment . . . commenced on X\w 15th of March [1802] . . . General Beauregard tele- graphed to tlu; War Department at Richmond . . . on the 1st of April . . . that the bombard- ment had continued for fifteen days, in which time the enemy had tliro\>'n 3000 shells, ex- pending about 100,000 pounds of powder, with the result on our side of one man killed and none seriously wounded . . . that our batteries were intact. — Poi.i.AUu's First Yk.\u of the TYau, ch. 12, p. 291. 484. BATTLE, Preparation for. Battle of JTaM- inj/s. Tlie 13th of October was occupied in these negotiations, and at night the duke [Will- iam] announced to his men the next day would be the day of battle. That night is said to have been passed by the two armies in very different manners. The Saxon soldiers spent it in jovial- ity, singing their national songs and draining huge liorns of ale and wine around their camp- fires. The Normans, when they had looked to their arms and horses, confessed themselves to the priests, with whom their camp was thronged, and received the sacrament by thousands at a time. On Saturday, the 14th of October, was fought the great battle. [The English were de- feated.] — Decisive B.vttles, § 306. 485. BATTLE, Beligion in. Sitge of Damas- cus. At the principal gate, in the sight of both armies, a lofty crucifix was erected ; the bishop, with his clergy, accompanied the march, and laid the volume of the New Testament before the image of Jesus ; and the contending parties were scandalized or edified by a prayer that the Son of God would defend IIis servants and vin- dicate His truth. The battle raged with inces.sant fury. [The city was taken.]— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 51. 486. BATTLE, Terrific. Mobile Bay. In the beginiiiiii;- of Aiigu.'^t, 1H04, Admiral Farragut bore down with a jMnverful s(juadron upon the defences of ^Mobile. Tlu! entrance to the harbor of this city wa.s commanded on the left by Fort Gaines and on the rii^lit by Fort 3Iorgan. The harbor was defended by a Confederate fleet and the monster iron-clad ram Tennessee. On the 5th of August Farragut prepared for battle, and ran past the forts into the harbor. In order to direct the movements of his vessels, the brave old admiral mounted to the maintop of his flag- ship, the Hartford, lashed himself to the rigging, and from that high perch gave his commands during the battle. One of the Union ship* KATTLK— BKCiOAIi. 59 Htnifk a torpedo and wciil. to the bottom. The rest attacked and dispersed tlie Confederule wpiadron ; but just as tiie bay seemcid won, llie terrible Tennessee came down at full speed to strike and sink the Hartford. Tiie latter avoid- ed the blow ; and then followed one of the fierc- est atUu'ks of the war. The iron-dads closed around their black antagonist, and battered her with their beaks and tifteeninch bolts of iron until she surrendered. Two days afterward Fort Gaines was taken, and on the 2:5(1 of tiie month Fort Morgan was obliged to capitulate. — lllDPATHK U. S. , ch. 06. 4§7. BATTLE, A useless. Xcir Orliini.i. [The battles of New Orleans was fo\ii,dit after the treaty of peac(! had been siirned at Ghent, the news of which arrived soon after.] — Kxkmit's Eno- LAND, vol. 8, ch. 1. 48§. BATTLEFIELD, Fruitful. " niooil-f„l(,'„- fd." [The battlefield where Marius destroyed the Teutones was eiUMched with the blood of the barbarians.] The Massilians walled in their vineyards with the bones they found in the field ; and . . . the rain whi( ii fell tiie winter following, .soaking in the moisture of the p'ltre- lied bodies, the ground was .so enriched liy it, that it produced tlie next season a prodigious crop. Thus the opinion of Archilochus is con- firmed, that^VW.v arc fattened with Mood. — Pi.u- TAKCIl'S MaKHS. 489. BATTi::;S, Decisive. Fifteen. [Mara- thon, Syracuse, Arbela, Metaurus, victory of Arminius over the Uoman legions under Varus, Chalons, Tours, lla.stings, ()rleans, defeat of the Spanish Armada, Blenheim, Pultowa, Sar- atoga, Valma, Waterloo.] — Skk Crkaby's Fik- TKEN Dec. Batti.es. 490. BEAED, A significant. Walter Scott. About the middle of the si.xteenth century lived Sir Walter's great-grandfather, Walter Scott, gen- erally known in Teviotdale by the .surname of Beardie, because he would never cut his beard aftc' the banishment of the Stuarts, and who took arms in their cause and lost by his intrigues on their behalf .I'most all that he had, besides running the grea si risk of being hanged as a traitor. — Huttox's Life ov Scott, ch. 1. 491. BEABDS, Characteristic. Lombards. In- stt <\ of as.serting the rights of a sovereign for th( irotection of his subjects, the emperor invit- ed . strange people to invade and po.sse.ss the Rom '1 provinces between the Danube and the Alps and the ambition of the Geiiidse was checked by the rising jiower and fame of the Lombards. This corrupt ap[)eilation had been diffused in the thirteenth century by the mer- chants and bankers, the Italian posterity of these savage warriors ; but the original name oi Laitgo- bardii is expressive only of the peculiar length and fashion of their beards. — GuiuoN's Ho.me, ch. 42. 492. BEAUTY, Common. Jeanne. The county of Flanders was . . . annexed to the (Town of France. A few months later Philip [IV.] and his consort, attended by a brilliant court, made a sumptuous progress through the chief cities of the conquered province. The Flemings . . . wel- comed their new sovereign with lively demon- strations of joy. . . .An entertainment given at Bruges was especially distinguished by the ra- diant beauty and rich attire of the female nobil- ity : "I thought I was the only (lueen here," e.vclaimed the envious .Jeanne of Navarre ; " Init I find myself surrounded on nil sides bv (|Ueen.s." — Stidk.nts' Fuance, ch. », «^ 14, p." 1^1. 493. BEAUTY, Personal. Mahoni< t. Accord- ing to the tradition of his companions, Mahomet was distinguished by the beauty of his person, an outward gift which is .seldom Tlespised, except liy those to whom it has been refused. Before he spoke, the orator engaged on his side tluMif- fectioiis of a iiublic or jirivate audience. They applauded his conimancling presence, his majes- tic aspect, his piercing eye, his gracious smile, his Ihjwing beard, his countenance that puintecl every .sensation of tlie .soul, and his gestures that enforced each ex])ression of th(^ tongue, — Gin- noNs Komi;, ch. .'>(). 494. BEAUTY, Promoted by. (uor(jc VitUcrH. [The first introduction of George Villiers to .lames I. was purely from the beauty of his person. The history of England tt> the end of this reign is in great jiart the personal history of (ieorge Villiers, the adventurer.] First the cup-l)eart'r ; in a few weeks knighted ; without any other i|Uiilification he was at the same time niad(! Gen- tleman of the Ik'dchaniber and Knight of the Order of the Garter ; and in a short time he was made a baron, a vi.scount, an earl, a manpiis, and became Lord High-Admiral of England, Lord Warden of the ('in ;.ie ports, Master of tiie lIor.se, and entirely disposed of all the graces of the king, in conferring all the honors and all the orticcs of three kingdoms, without a rival. — Knight's E.no., vol. 8, ch. 23, p. 8(54. 495. BEAUTY, Self-asserted. Sj/lla. Lucul- lus tells us when Sylla was sent at tlie head of an army against the confederates, the earth oj)eiied on a sudden near Laverna; and . . . avast (juantity of fire and a fiame. . . shot up to the heavens. The soothsayers being consulted upon it, made answer, " That a person of courage and superior beauty should take the reins of government into his hands and suppress the tumults with which Bome was then agitated." Sylla says he was the man ; for his locks of gold were sutficient proof of his beauty, and that he needed not hes- itate after so many great actions to avow him- self a man of courage. — Plutakcii's Syi.la. 496. BEER, Antiquity of. (rcrnian-s. Strong beer, a liipior extracted with very little art from wheat or barley, and corrupted (as it is strongly expressed by 'Tacitus) into a certain .semblance of wine, was sufficient for the gross purposes of German debauchery. But those wIkj h;'il tasted the rich wines of Italy, and afterward of (Jaul, sighed for that mon^ delicious species of intoxi- cation. — Gijuson's Rome, ch. i). 497. BEGGAR, An honorable. }fartiii l.'ither. His relatives, one :)f whom was sexton of the church of St. Nicholas, were probably not in the position to a.ssist him for anv great length of time. lie was therefore obliged, as a charity scholar, to appeal to the common svmiiatliy of all men, as he had already doiu^ in ^lagdeburg. In later years he himself says : " Do not despise the boys that go from house to house asking bread for the sake of God and singing the ' bread- chonis.' I also was one of tho.se 'bread-colts,' and begged bread at the doors, especially in Eise- nach, that dear city." — Beix's Lu'iieu, ch. 2. 00 BKGGAH— IJEGINMNG. J9«. BEGGAR, A literary. n,if/iiof('/i(n-ln< TF. TIk' rc(()iii|)(.'iis(! wliicli till' wits of that ajjc could ()l)laiii t'i'diii llic piihlic was so small, that they were under the ticccssity of ckiiif^ out their in- comes i)y levvini,' (■oiilril)uli()iis on tlu^ ^reat. Every rich and piod natun'd lord was jiestered l)y authors with u mendicancy so importiniate, and a flattery so uliject, as may in our time seem iticredilile. Tla; patron to whom a work was in- scribed wasexix'cted to reward the writer with a ])urs(' of ^rold. 'I'he fee i)aid for the dedication of a hook was f)ften much lar;:er than the sum which any liookseller wouhl iii\(^ for the copv- riifht. Hooks were therefore often ])rinted merely that they mii,dit lie dedicated. This traffic in praise conipleted the denradalion of the literary character. Adulation pushed to the ver^^e, sometimes of non.sense, and sometimes of im])ie- ty, was not thou.irhl to dis;,'race a jioet. Jnde- pendencH!, veracity, .self-res|)ect, were thin.i;s not <'.\pected hy tho world from liim. In truth, he was in morals soinethin!; between a jiander and a l)e,'ifii:ar. — M.\CAtTi,.\Y'8 E\(i., ch. 15. 409. BEGGARS, Malicious, h'lii/fimil. [In l.')4i) the wanderini; heifijars cut off the ears of people, burnt frames of tindier j)repared for the erection of a buildiuij, cut fla; heads of ponds and conduits ; l)urnt carts laden with charcoal ; .set fire to heaps of felled wood ; barked apple and )K'ar trees, and cut out thetonijuesof cattle.J — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. :2s, ji. 471. 500. BEGGARS, Professional. Minhx. Tii the first century of llieir institution, the infidel Zo- .simus has maliciously obsc : ved, that, for the benefit of thi; poor, the Christian monks had re- duced a ^reat i)art of mankind to a state of be^^irary. — Oibijon's Romk, ch. ;{7. 501. BEGGARS punislied. Whippid. [Those who solicited alms without license were to he whipped and .set in the stocks.] But if anj' person beini^ whole in body and able to labor was found be^;jrin,u, ever}' such idle ])erson was t<' iiL ..hii)pe(l at the end of a cart, and enjoined to return to the place where he was born, or where ho last dwelt for three years, and there put him.self to labor as a true man oweth to do. He w;is to l)eir his way home ; but if lie wan- dered from the prescribed way, or e.xcec'ded the ])rescribe(l times in his j)erilous journey, he was in every place to be taken and whipped. — KxKiiiT's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 2\, p. 342. 502. . Sltarn/. [From i:)84 to 1531] vaijabonds were put in the stocks. Then the whip was added to the stocks. In 1.586 the whip was a luild i)uni.shment, to which mutila- tion and death were sujiplemented. But even the cart's tail, the butcher's knife, aiul the liani;'- iiian's noose inspired no ade(pi;ite dread. ... In 1545. . . it is ])rovided that every man or woman, not beini^ ])revented from workby old aire, lame- ness, or tli.sease, who shall be found loiterinjr or wanderinir, and not .seekiui; work during three days, or who shall Iciive work when entraged, may be lawf\illy apprehended and be brought before two justices of the peace ; who, upon con- fession, or the proof of two witnesses, shall im- mediately cause the said loiterer to be marked with a hot iron in the breast, the mark of V, and adjudge the .sjiid jierson, living .«<) idly, to be his slave. The pre.scntor, as he is called, is to have and hold the slave for two years; and, only giving him bri'ail and water and refuse food, to " cause the said slave to work, by beating, chain- ing, orotherwise." [If hf runs away, after con- viction, he shall be liranded on the forehead or ball of the chei'k with a hot iron, making an H ; he is then to be a slave for life. If he runs away the second time, he is to sulTer death as a felon. Infant begirars mav be bound to the .service of any jH-rson who will take them — tlu; males till they are twenty-four anil tli(! females till they aretweiitv vears old. |— Kxioht's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 2H, p."4"7(>. 50JI. BEGGARS, Scheme for. ('"i/iif linm/iml. Bavaria was then infested with beggars, vaga- bonds, and thieves, native and foreign. Thesi; mendicant tram])s were in the main stout, healthy, and able-bodied fellows, who found a life of thievish indolence i)leasanter than a life of honest work. " These detestable vermin had recoursi! to the most diabolical arts and tlu! u)ost horrid crimes in the i)ro.secution of their in famous trade." They robbed, they stole, maim- ed and e.\i)osed littk- children, .so as to extract monej' from the tender-hearted. All this must be i)Ut an end to. Four regiments of cavalry were .so cantoned that every village had its ]>a- trol. This dis])osition of the cavalry wa.s ante- cedent to .seizing, as a begiiniing, all the beggars in th(; capital. [At JVIunich he established a ]>au]ier workhouse, Avell ordered, clean, andgavw instruction and encouragement. It paid exptmses, and relieved the; government and helped the poor.] — TVND.M.I.'S CoiNT BiMKOllI). 504. BEGINNING, Discouragement at the. Pi/f/riiiiM. On Monday, the lltli of December — old* .style 1620— the Filgrim Fathers landed at the Bock of I'lymouth. It was now the dead of winter. There was an ince.s.sant storm of sleet and snow, and the hou.seless immigrants, already enfoobled by their sulferings, fell a-dying of hunger, cohl, and exposure. After a few days .spent in explorations about the coast, a site was selected near the first landing, some trees were; felled, the snowdrifts were cleared away, and on the Dth of .lanuary the heroic toilers began to build New Plymouth. Every man took on him- .self the work, of making his own house ; but the ravages of disea.se grew daily wor.se, strong arms fell powerless, lung fevers and consumptions wasted every family. At one time only seven men wen; able to v.-ork on tlii! sheds whicii were building for shelter from the storms ; and if an early s])ring had not brought relief, tlu; colony must have perished to a man. — Bidi'atii's U. S.', ch. 7. 505. BEGINNING, A pious. lirfiirnxidoii. TIih theses of Dr. Martin Luther were re.'id all over (Tcrmany. Numerous strangers who attended the anniversary festival of consecration at Wit- tenberg, in order that they might adore the many relics and other .sacr(!d treasures of the church, carried the news with them to their homes. U|) to this time no one had been willing to bell the cat I Great as was the discontent at tho shame- less proceeding.s of the traders in indulgences, eiiually great was the fear of opposing the Pope and the Church. But Luther .said : " Whoever will begin anything good, let him see to it that he begin and venture it in reliance upon the favor of God. and never iipon human comfort or a.ssistance ; let him not fear any man — no, not nKGINXING— HKNKFACTOKH. 01 the whole world !" Kv( lywlicrc r.iithcr'H theses fotirul prepared ^rouiikingui), he aeldeel : " }lr iral/c (fe earf like (le l/)rd!" . . . Mr. Line'oln was very much affeeteel by this aecenmt. He elid not .smile, as anejther might have-elone, but got up from his chair and walke'd in silence two e>r three times acre)ss the floor. As he re'sume'd his seat, he saiel, very impressively : "It is a momentous thing to be' thein.strument, imeler Pntvieh'nce, of the liberatiemof araee." — Kaymonu's Lincoln, p. 784. 513. BENEFACTORS opposed. ./(Idh:'* Har- groiim. [The inventea- e)f the' ce)tton e-areling machine.] A man was about to be e'xe'eute;d at Cork for .sttaling. On the a])pe)inte'el day thei weavers, wlu) we're' she)rt e)f we)rk, anel attribut- eel the hard times to ce)tte)n, gathere'ei abe)ut the galle)ws, anel eiresse-el be)th the criminal and the e'xee-utioner i?i e'e)ttoii cle>th, to mark the'ir con- tempt anel abhe)rrene'e e)f it, anel to make the; wearing e)f it elisgrae'cful. The criminal, sj-m- ])athizing with the' e)bje'et, delive'reel the' folle)w- ing aeldre'ss just be'fore being turne'd otT : " Give e-ar, O gooel jjcople, te) the we)rels of a ely- ing sinne'r. I e'e)nfess I have be'en guilty e)f what nee'e'ssity compi'lleel me te) e'omniil ; whie'li starving cemeiltie)!) I was in, I am we-ll assureel, was e)ccasie)ni'el by the scarcity of me)ne'y, that has pre)ce;eeled fremi the great disce)uragement e)f eair woollen maiuifactiu'cs. Therefore-, goe)el Christians, cenisielerthat, if you go on tosui)pre.ss your own ge)e)els by wearing such cottons as lam now cle)tbeel in. you will bring your ce)untry in- to mi.sery which will con.scquently swarm with such unhappy malefactors as your jiresent object is, and the l)le)od of every miserable felon that will hang after this warning will lay at your ca TJENEVOLENCK. door." [LciiiHliitioii followed unfriendly to eol- ton-weavinij.J — Cyclopkdi.v oK Hiod., p. 704. 513. BENEVOLENCE, Aooesi by. John How- tivd. After iitt('m])tinj.j in sain to j^ain iutcsm to other ))risons in Paris, he wa.s so fortunate as to discover an ancient royid decree, which ar(lon]. The gratitude oi the mother was loo dee]> for expression, save by her tears, atid not a word wa.s .said between herand Mr. Stevens until they were half way down the stairs . . . when she suddenly broke forth in an excited manner with the words, " Iknewit wasacopper- liead lie !" " What ilo vou refer to, madam ?" asked Mr. Stevens. "\Vhj', thev told me he was an ugly-lookinji; man," she replied, with vehe- mence. " He is the handsomest man I ever saw in my life 1" — Raymond's Lincoln, p. 738. 515. BENEVOLENCE, Blessing on. Otiirald. [The Northumbrian king.] For after-times the memory of Oswald's greatness was lost iu the memory of his piety. ' ' By reason of his con- stant liabit of praymg or giving thanks to the Lord, he was wont wherever he sat to hold his hands upturned on his knees." As he fea-sted with Bishop Aidan by his side, the thegn or no- ble of his war-band, whom he had sent to give alms to the poor at his gate, told him of a mul- titude that still waited fasting without. The king at once bade the untasted meat before him to be carried to the poor, and Jus silver dish be jiarted piecemeal among them. Aidan seized the royal hand and blessed it. " Maj' this hand," he cried, "never grow old." — Hist, ok EN(i. Peo- ple, tj 50. 516. BENEVOLENCE a Business. J»hti Iloir- ard. From 1778 to 177(5 Howard's chief employ- ment was to pursue his investigations into the conditions of the prisons of Great Britain. In the course of those three years he personally and most thoroughly inspected everj' prison in the three kingdoms that offered any ]K'culiarity. He travelled ten thousand miles at his own expense, mid delivered from i)rison a large number of poor debtors by paying their debts. Wherever he ■went he brougiit some alleviation to the lot of the prisoners liy gifts of money, Ijread, meat, or tea, and b_y remonstrating with jailers, surgeons, chaplains, and magistrates. Several prisons un- derwent a complete renovation and reforma- tion solely ill conse((uence of his conversations with county magistrates and circuit judges. — Cy- clopedia oE Biod., J). 4.'). 517. BENEVOLENCE, Christian. Itcign of J(inu-t ir. [The Duke of Monnioulh was defeat- ed and his adherents imprisoned.] The jails of Somersetshire and Dorsetshire were filled with thousands of captives. The chief friend and iirotector of these unhappy men iu their extrem- ity was one who abhorred their religious and liolitical opinions, oiu^ whose order tliev hated, and to whom they had done uiiiirovokcif wrong, Bishop Ken. I'liat good prelate; used all his in- tluence to soften the jailers, and retrenched from his own e])isco|)al stale that la; might be able to make .some addition to the coarsi; and .scanty faro of those who had defaced his beloved cathedral. His conduct on this occasion was of a pi((ce with his whole life. His intellect was indeed dark- ened by many sup<'rslilions and jirojudices; but his moral character, when impartially reviewed, sustains a comiiari.son with any in ecclesiastical history, and .seems to approach a.s near as human intirmity ])erniits to tli(! ideal perfection of Chris- tian virtue. — .Macai lay's En(i., ch. 5. 5I§. BENEVOLENCE, Consoientious. JohnWcs. It'll. It is estimated that he gave away in the course of his life more than !ii!l.'0,(K)0. [Princi- pally the income from his literary works. When the Commi.ssioners of Exci.sc; wrote him,] " Wo cannot doubt that you have jilate, for which you have hitherto neglected to make an entry," his laconic reply was. " I havi; two silver tea- spoons at London, and two at Bristol ; this is all the plate which I have at jjresent, and I shall not buy any more while so many around mo want bread." — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1, p. 2«7. 519. . MiU-y FlitcJicr. [The wid- ow of Kev. John Fletcher was as economical as she was benetolent. I ler expenses never amount- ed to S,ii a year. During the last year of lier life a friend who made up her accounts reports,] that her whole expenditure, on her own apparel, amounted to 19s. 6rf. Her "poor account" for the same year amounted to nearly £183. — Ste- vens' Methodis.m, vol. 3, p. 238. 520. . Lady Huntingdon. Lady Huntingdon . . . gave away, for religious pur- poses, more than $500,000. She sold all her jewels, and by the proceeds erected chapels for the poor. t§he relincjuished her aristocratic equipage, -cr expensive residences and liveried servants, that lier means of usefulness might be more ample. She purchased theatres, halls, and dilapidated chapels in London, Bristol, and Dublin, and litted them up for public worship. New chapels were erected by her aid in many places in England, Wales, and Ireland. — Ste- vens' Methodis.m, vol. 1, p. 168. 521. BENEVOLENCE, Disinterested. Samvd Johnmn. A literary lady, of large fortune, was mentioned as one who did good to many, but liy no means " by stealth ;" and instead of " blush- ing to tiiid it fame," acted evidently from vanity. Johnson: " I have seen no beings who do as much good from benevolence as she does from whatever motive. If there are such under the earth, or in the clouils, I wish they would come up, or come down. . . . No. sir ; to act from pure benevolenc(! is not possilile for finite beings. Human benevolence is mingled with vanity, in- terest, or some other motive." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 301. 522. BENEVOLENCE displayed. Carthagin,- i(im. The Bislio]) of ('arthag(.', from a society less opulent than that of Pome, collected 100,000 sesterces (al>ove £850 sterling) on a sudden call HENEVOLENCE. G3 of olmrity to n'dccm tlus bnfllircti of Numidia, wlio liiid been curried ivwiiy captivcH by lliu bar- burians of the desert. Aboula liuiuired years be- fore the rei^ni of Decius, the Uoinaii churth liad "received, in n siii^'le donation, tlie wun of 200,000 sesterces from a stranger of Pontus, who proposed to lix his residence la tlic cai)ital. — Gibbon's Romk, ch. 15. ff33. BENEVOLENCE, Enforced. By Fine. [James I. souglit financial nflief by a " Henfivo- lence," a.slt was called — the solicitation of gifts.l Mr. Oliver 8t. John declined to contribute, and wrote a letter settinjj forth his reasons for re- fusal, lie was brought into the Star-(y'hamber, and fined in the sum of £5000. — Knuhit's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 23, p. 303. A94. BENEVOLENCE, Example of. Matwmct. lie laid up no treasure ; he distributed the whole produce of the tithe, which he established upon general property and the spoils of war, between his soldiers and the poor. lie had maile, for bis own part, a vow of poverty. lie gave all that he received to the bands and hearts of the poor, to keep for him, as dejiositaries, charged to give all back in heaven. The appurtenances of his liou.se, the porticos adjacent to the nioscpie, the courts of the edifice, were one vast hospital, where the j)oor, the widows, thi; orphans, the in- firm, could be .seen waiting for nourishment or medicine. They were called tlu! " guests of the bench," because they pa.s.sed their life seated or lying on the benches of the jirophet's house fivery night the prophet visited them, comforted them, clad them, fed them with his barley bread and dates. He brought daily u certain number of them into the house, to take their repa.st with him. He distributed the others, as guests of God, among the wealthiest of his disciples. — Lamau- tine's Turkey, p. 153. 535. BENEVOLENCE, ExcesBive. Sowing Girl. George Miiller then prayed for a hou.se, for suit- able helpers to instruct and take care of the children, and that £1000 sterling might be given liim. On the very next day, December 6, 1835, the first donation was received — namely. Is. — from a poor missionary then visiting at his liouse. ... A few days afterward a poor young woman, who earned about 4s. weekly by her needlework, contributed .£100, but her dona- tion was courteously declined. When sent for and spoken to on the subject, she stated that this money was jiart of a little i)roperty recently left her by her grandfather, who had died ; and that, feeling deeply interested in the contemplateil Orphan Work, it was her desire to give this £100 toward the Orphan Fund ; but jVIr. Aliiller still refused to accept the contribution. " You are weak and sickly," .said he, " and may need this money for yourself. I fear you have acted hasti- ly, and may regret the step hereafter." Her reply, however, was, " Ihavewell weighed the matter ; the Lord Je.sus freely shed His precious blood for me, a poor, lost sinner, and shall I not in re- turn show my love and gratitude to Him by giving Him this little sum ? li^ither than this Orphan Work should not come to pass, I would give every penny I pos-scss toward it." After reasoning further with her on the subject, and finding .she wa.s thoroughly decided, heat length reluctantly accepted the £100. — Life of Geougk MiJi^LEit, p. 27. 546. BENEVOLENCE by Faith, (irori/,^ .)tim,T. [In his Orphan Work. | He began with one (lay- school, liut on May 2(1, 18H2, we had sevcMity-two, of which thirteen wen^in Hpain, atteiui(;d by near- ly one thou.sand (/atholic children ; one was in Italy, five were in the East Indies, six in Demerara and Essecjuibo, and the others were 8<;attered throughout England and Wales. He began with one Sunday-school ; on May 20, 1882, there were thirty-eight connected with tlu! in.stitution. One adult scliool only was founded at its commence- ment, but on May 2(1. 1882, there were six. There were then also in all the various school.i nine thousand six hundred and sev(!nty-one IHipils, and from the formation of the institu- tion up to that time, eighty-(;ight thousand one hundred and nineteen children or grown-up persons have been taught in these one hundred and sixteen schools. All of them were estab- lished simjily through the instrumentjilfly of pra3'er and faith ; and though the annual ex- penditure coimected with them has for many years been £95(M), no one has ever been asked to contribute toward their supi)ort, and every shilling continucH to \w. obtained in the .same manner. — Life ok Gkoiiok MUli-eii, p. 24. 5ar. BENEVOLENCE, Forced. Altam of the ('kurch('«. [When the Duke of Guise (captured Calais from the English, he made a proclamation, charging the inhabitants, in the name of the French King, that] all and every person that were inhabitants of the town of Calais, having about them any money, plate, or jewels to the value of one groat, to bring the same forthwith, to lay down upon the high altars of the chur(;hes, upon pain of death ; bearing them in hand also that they should be searched. By reason of which l^roclamation there was made a great and sorrow- ful offertory. — KNioirr'a Eno., vol. 3, ch. 7, p. 104. 53S. BENEVOLENCE, Frustrated. James II. The king was bitterly mortified by the large amount of the collection [for the persecuted Huguenots] which had been made in obedience to his own call. He knew, he said, what all this liberality meant. It was mere Whiggish spite to himself and his religion. He had al- ready resolved that the money should be of no use to tho.se whom the donors wished to benefit. . . . The refugees were zealous for the (/'alvini-stic (lis(!ipline and worship. James therefore gave orders that none should receive a crust of bread or a basket of coals who did not first take the .sacrament according to the Anglican ritual. It is strange that this inhospitable act should have been devised bv a i)rince who affected to con- sider the Test Act as an outrage on the rights of con.science ; for however uiu'casonable it may be to establish a sacrame'.tal test for the purpose of a.scertaining whetluT men are fit for civil or military oliice, it is surely much more uiu'ciuson- al)le to establish a sacramental test for the pur- ])ose of a.scertaining whether in extreme distress tlii'V are fit oi)jei'ts of charity. — Macaulay's E.\(J., ch. (5. 529. BENEVOLENCE, Generous. Ciinon. [An Athenian general and. statesman.] Cimoii . . .had acqtiired a great fortune, and what he had gained- gloriou.sly in the war from the enemy he laid out with as much reputation upon his fellow-citizens. He ordered the fences of his fields and gardens to G4 HKN'KVOI-KNCK. 1)0 thrown down, tliitt Htmngors, nn well m IiIh own coniitryinfn, iiiifrlit freely partake of IiIh fniit. He had ii supper provided at, Ids house every (hiy, in wideii tiio disiies were i)lain, lad Butlleieiit for a nuillilnde of t'liesls. Kvery poor citi/.itn repaired to it at pleasure, and liaii liis diet ■williowt can; or troul)le ; Ity wldeli means lie was t'liahled ton;ive proper iiltenlion to pidtlie alTairs. Aristotle, itidr'cd, says this supper was not pro- vided for all the citizens in ^jeiM'ral, liiit only for tliose of Ids own trilie, winch was tliat ol" Lacia. Wlien h(! walked out he used to liave ii retinue of younjj men, well clolhcd ; and it' he liappened to meet an ii^ed citizen in a nienn dress, lu" or- dered some one of them '■} cl-an^'i^ clotlies with Idin. Tins was^reatand nohle. Mut liesidcMlus, tlie name attendants carried wilh them a(piantily of money ; and wlieii Miey met in the market-placid ■witli any necessitous person of tolerable ajjpear- unco, they took care to slip some pieces into Ids Land us privately as po^>.il)le, — I'mtaiuii. 530. BENEVOLENCE, 06..uine. J)>: Wilno,,. TIjc iK'nevolent Dr. Wilson once discok-ered a clerj^yman at Hath wlio, Uc was informed, was siek, poor, and had a numerous fandly. In tlie t'veidn^'' lie pive u friend foO, recpiesting him to deliver it in the most delicate manner, and as from an unknown person. The friend .said, " I will wait uj)on him early in the moriun^." " You will ohli^^e me, sir, hy callinjj directly. Think of what imi)()rtance a good night'.s rest may be to that poor man." A3I. . CiithrincWilkinson. In 1882, ■when the cholera first apixiured in En/^land, there "was a poor woman named Catherine Wilkinson, who was .so inipre.s.sed wilh the necessity of cleanliness as a pn^ventive t(< the di.sea.se, that she encouraj?(!d lier neif^hbors to come to her comparatively better hou.se, which comprised a kitchen, a parlor, three .small b(!d-chand)ers, and a yard, for the purpose of wa.shing and drying their clothes. The good that was manifest in- duced some benevolent persons to aid lier in ex- tending her oiK'rations. The large amount of wa.shing done in one week in a cellar, under the superintendence of this excellent woman, repre- sented the amount of disease and discomfort kept down l)y her energetic desire to do good with- out pecuniary reward. Such was the origin of public baths and wash-hou.ses, which Catherine Wilkinson had tlie satisfaction of .seeing matured in Liverpool in 184(5, in a large establishment under the corporation, to tlu; superintendence of which she and lier husl)and wen; appointed. — Kniokt's En(}., vol. 8, ch. 23, j). 898. 53a. BENEVOLENCE, Incorporated for. Colony ofOeorgid. [James ()glethori)e planned the col- ony as an a.syhnn for tlu; jioor, for imprisoned debtors, and for i)er.secuted Protestants. ] A char- ier .. . i)laccd it, for twenty -one years, under the guardianslup of a corporation, " in trust for the poor." The common .seal of tlie corporation, having on one .side a group of silk-worms at their toils, with the mf)tto, Non sifti, Kcd aim — ' ' Not for themselves, l)ut for others" — expres.sed thedi.sin- terested purpose of the patrons. — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 24. 533. BENEVOLENCE injurions. Constantino- ple. [Constantine tlie Great encouraged emigra- tion to Constantinople by Ids great libiiralitv.] The frequent and regular distrilintions of wine and oil, of corn or bread, of money or proviMionn, haci alnioHt excmjited the poorest citizen of Homo from the necessity of labor. Thi' magniticenco of IIk tlrst ('M'sars was in some measure imitated ')V tile founder of Constantinople ; but his lilM'r- alily. however it m'Lrhl excite tin- applause of the |)eople, has incurred the censure of posterity. The annual tribute of .urn imposed u|)oii Kgypt Alls applied to feed a Inzy and insolent |)oople. — (Jiniio.Nx. l{i)..ri;, ch. 17. 531. BENEVOLENCE Iniulted. A h rn h a m [J.iiriihi. |.\ cashiered olUccr was ]ii'rmilted to visit Mr. Lincoln twice to argue a defence. Hy his own showing he proved the justice of lii.s punisliment. Me took much jirecious timn at each interview. lie forced his way tlu! third lime beforethe PrcHideiit.and weiitoverlliesanio argument. iMr. Lincoln made no replv.] Turn- ing very a1)riiptly, he said : " Well, ilr. Presi- dent, 1 see that you are fully determined not to dome justice."' Tliis was too aggravating for Mr. Tiiiicoln. Manifesting, liowever. no more feeling than tliat indicated liy u sliglil comi)re.s- sion of tli(! lips, he very (luielly aro.se, , . . and then suddenly seizing the defunct ollicer by the coat-collar, he marched him forcibly to the door, saving, as he ejected him, . . . " Sir, I give you fair warning never to show yourself in tliis room again. I can liear censurr-, Imt not insult I" — U.wmond's Lincoln, p. 74U. 535. BENEVOLENCE an Investment. Spin- iwrn. [Samuel Ci'omi)toii endeavored to coiu^eal his secret after inventing the "mule," which uftervard revolutionized the manufacturo of cotton. But his su|)erior yarn uwakened sus- picion. Manufacturers sought admission to Ids house ; they climlied up to the windows to look in. So great was his embarrassment, that he was obliged to destroy the machine or give it to the public] The manufacturers made a subscrip- tion "as u reward for his improvement in spin- ning." . . . Till! wholt! sum subscribed was £67, 6/t. M. The li.st is curiou.sly interesting, as containing among the half-guinea subscribers the names of many Bolton firms now of great wealth and eminence as mule-spinners, whose colossal fortunes may be .said to have been based upon this singularly small investment. — Knights Eng., vol. 7, ch. 3. 536. BENEVOLENCE, Joy of. Ahrahnm Lin- coln. One night Schuyler Colfax left all other bu.siness to a.sk him to respite the son of a, con- stituent who was .sentenced to be shot . . . for desertion. He heard the story, though he was wearied out with inces.sant calls, . . . and then replied: "Some of our generals cimiplain that I impair discipline and subordination in the army by my pardons and respites ; but it makes mo rested after a hard day's work, if I can find some good excuse for saving a man's life, and I go to bed happy as I think how joyous the signing of my name will make liim and his family and his friends." And witli a hapi)y smile beaming over that care-furrowed face, ho signed the name that saved that life. — Hay- mond's Lincoln, p. 7'" 537. . . ichael Faraday. When Faraday began to be famous in Eng- land as a chemist, he was frequently applied to by men of business to analyze substiinces and perform other operations in what is called com- UENKVOr-KNfK. 05 nicrcial clirmlsiry. Tliis kiixl of liiiMincsM in (Teas 'd to Hucli an cxlcnl thai an initnt'iisr foit- line waH witliin his icacli, and lie fiaiiiil tlial In- iniiMl, clioosc lictwi'cii p'lliiij,' nicaicy and invcsli- f^atin;; scicnc)'. Having no cliildirn. and Ix'iti^r lilcsscd willia wif(! who synipalhi/.rd with his ))urHuilM, il waM not ditlicull for him to cIioohc iIk! noljlcr part. " 'I'Ihm .son of a iilacltsniith," savs Ids friend 'ryndall, "and ainircnticfd to a l)ook- l)ind('r, hud to dccidf lictwccn a fortune of •tloO.UOO on tiie on(^ side, and ids undowered xeienee on llie otiier. lie cliose tlie latl<'r, and died a |)oor man. lint Ids was tlie ^dory of lioldin;.'' aloft amon^ the nations (lie scientilie name of Ln^land for a period of Ihirlv years." And tins u'lory he enjoved ; hut far dearer to Idin was the Iom which Ids siie rebellion in one of the liOndcai prisons, when two hundred ruUlans, driven mad by cru- elty, were gathered in tin; prison-yard, threaten- ing death to any man who sliould approach them. Howard insisted on going in among them, and did so, in spite of thi> advice of the jailers and the entreaties of his friends. His very appear- ance disarmed them, and they listened to his (juiet and reasonabU^ remonstrances in n!spectful silence. lU^ listened ftatiently in his turn to a re- cital of their grievances, after which he pointed out the folly of their attempting to resist the au- thorities, advised them at once to submit, and promised to make their complaints known. They took his advii:e at length, and went peacefully to their cells. — C'Yci.orEUiA ok Bioo., J). 57. 5'I3. BENEVOLENCE, Prematore. (toUlmiilh'H Fdthfr. We were told that universal benevo- lence was what first cemented society ; we were taught to consider all tlu; wants of mankind as our own ; to regard the hinnnnfare dirine with affection and esteem ; he wound us up to be mere machines of pity, and rendered us incapa- ble of withstanding the slightest im]iidse made either by real or fictitious distress. In a word, we were perfectly instructed in the art of giving away thousands befon^ wc; were taught the nec- e.s.sarv (|ualillcations of getting a farthing. — lu- VINgV CfoLDHMITH, cll. 2. 543. BENEVOLENCE, Pure. GoldMnith. He was engaged to bri^akfast with a college inmate one day, but failed to make his appearance. His friend repaired to his room, knocked at the door, and was bidden to enter. To his surpri.se h(! found Goldsmith in bis bed, immersed to Lis chin in feathers. A serio-comic .story explained the circumstance. In the course of the preced- ing evening's stroll he had met with a woman with five children who implored his charity. Her husband was in the hospital ; she was just from the country, a stranger, and destitute, without food or shelter for her hel])le.ss offspring. This was too nuich for the kind heart of Gold- sndth. He was almost as poor as herself, it i.s true, and had no money in his pocket ; but he J>rouglit her to the college gate, gave her the blankets fnmi his l)ed to cover her little brood, and part of his clothes he gave for her to sell and purchase food ; and, finding himself cold during the night, had cut open bis bed and buried him- 60 HKNKVOLKNCK. -IllVINd'H Ooi.DHMITII, fWflf nniong tlio fcutluns.- ch. a. A'I'l. BENEVOLENCE, Religloui. M,iho„ol. Till' clmrily of tlic .MolutiiiinciluiiH (IcmiiiiiIs to iIh! Hiiinml crcHtldii ; iiiid the Koriiri rciNuttilly in rtilculcH, not iih ii tncril. but. iih ti strict, iiiiil iiidi.s- nciiHiiliJt' (liitv, till- rclli t' of the iniii^'iiit itiid iiii iDrtlllllltt'. MilllOIMCt, pl'l'lllt|IS, I.S till' lll||\ iuVV' ffivcr will) jms tlclliicd lii(> precise meii.siin^ of cimrity ; tiie slaiKlui'd may vary willi tiiedcuMce and nature iif property, a.s it. eoiiNists eitlier in iiKiiiey, ill corn or c.illle, In friiil.s or iiiercliiiM- diHe ; Iml llie MuNMiilinaii does not ii<'<'oiii|)li^li tlie law unless lie liestowsa ti nth of liis revenue ; and it' his conscience accuses liini of fiiiiid or ex- tortion, tlie teiilli, under tlie idea of re'^litulion, Ih ciilar;red lo a.///'//(. IJeiievolenee is llie foun- dation of justice, since we are forliid to injure tlioM(> wliotn we are hound In assist. — (tiniioNH AlAiio.Min', p. 'i^. A'lA. . Hlnhop AcK't'iM. I Uoniaii hiMtory iiientions| the charily ol ,i hisliop, A<'a- t'ius of Ainida, whose name niiirlil liavees of jrold and silver are useless to a (}od who neither eats iiur drinks, the generous prelate sold the plate of tlu; church of Aiuida; employed tliei)riee in the re- tlemptioii of seven thousand I'ci'sian captives; Hupplied tlieii wants with atlVctional(! lilieniiiiy ; and dismissed them to their native country. I" inform their kin.irof tin' true spirit of the reli^r- ion which he perseiaited. — Ghuion'm Ho.mI' ch. :3','. 5'I0. . /,iiili/ /fiiiiliiif/doii. One day at court the then I'rince of Wales asked Lady ("h.irlotte E , " Where is my liiidv lliinlinj:- doii, that she is .so seldom here?" 'J'he lady of fashion replied, wiihasneer, "I supjiose pray- ini; with her he^c.t;'.'"'^." The ])rince shook his liead, and sjud : " [.aiy Charlotte, when I am dy- iiif^ I think I shall he !iai)py to sci/e tlu; skirt of Lady lIuntinti:don'M mantle, to carr}- me up with lier to heaven." 5.|7. BENEVOLENCE, Royal, h'mj). Tntjon. He was liberal in his domUions to the people, but they were not, like those of other em|)eri is, the mean bribes of a des|)ot ; they were the largesses of a benetieent i>rin(i', for the support of the wrelclied and indigent. 'I'he cliildn ii of the lioor Were educated at his expense, and it was (■omputed that two niillions of destitute persons were maintained from his private pnrsc. The--' charges weresu|ii>lied liy a well-ordered eeonoiny in his own fortune, and a regular adininistration of the i>ubli(' tinances. He li\cd hiinself idways with ancient simplicity, and he enriched the State by a careful attention to ilie m lutest articles of l)ublie expenditure. I'luler tliis excellent mode of government everylbiiig enjoyed il.s due cou- siduration. — TYTmcii's Hist., Hook 5, ch. L 54S. BENEVOLENCE, Self-sacrificing. John Iloinivd. [IJeiiig .sent for. | he was determineil logo. The rain was falling in toricnts — a cold Decendier rain — and the wind was bkiwing a gale. Ashecotdd not, without much delay, i)ro- curcu vclucle, he mounted an old dray borseand rode the twenty four miles through tin tempest. He arrived to lind hi- i)atient dying [of hospital feverj. He tried, however, some powerful medi- ciru's upon her, with a view to i'xclh< nerspirii- ' tioii -.and, inortlertoasicrlaiii whethertfiey werrt producing the wishcfl forelTect, hellfted the Im>(1- elolhes ani'i:i>i.\ OK Miooii.Miiv, p. 70. Mn. BENEVOLENCE, Byitematio. John UV/«- /<.'/. When his own incoine v\ is but .t"t() a ear, he gave away L'vJ ; when it was t'tiO, he >till con- lliied his exiK uses |o M'*H, ami gave awav V<\~ ; when it reached t'l'JO, he kept himself toliis old allowaiic( , and gave away ,1'lt'J. The la.st inser- tion ill his private journal, written with a freni- blinghand, reiid.>< thus : " For upward of eiirhtv six years I b.ive k- pt my accounls exactly ; I will not attempt it any .'uiiger, being satistied with Ih'^ continual convictimi that I savt- all I e ni, and giveall 1 (.111— that is, all 1 havi'." >ii';vKNs' Mi;ti(oi)ism. vol. 1, ]). •,'(■»«, aaO. BENEVOLENCE a Test. " Oinng—Un- iii;/." A i)o(>r Christian woniiri living at -oino • 'istiinri! from Uristol, a cripple, who began by iiigone penny jir-r week out of her li'le cam- p's to the work on Ashley Down, was so bles.se(l and prospered by the l,ord, that in time she was ab|(' to atford a weekly coiiiribution of six shil- lings for th(( orphans. I [loii one <■ in.sion her gift wa.s v rapjicd up in a little piece of paper, in- sid(,' which these words wi re writti'ii : " (Jiee ; f/iir ; (lire ; he, tirr f/ii'iiif/. If y»u an: liniif/. you irillhr (jii'iiifi. T/ioKC irho ((!> not f/icirif/ iii' not lirini/." — Lii''i: Ol'" GkohoI'; Miji.lku, p. 4:t. 551. BENEVOLENCE, Treasure of. Kpilnph. The ('ititaph of Edward, su iianied, from Ids misfortune, the blind, from his virtues, the (jood , earl, inculcates with much ingemiiiy a moral sentence, whii ii may, however, ho abused by thoughtless generosity. After a grateful com- memoration (>' llie fifty-tive years of union and happiness which be eiijoved witli .Mabel hi.s wife, the good earl thus speaks from the tomb : " What « (' gave, we have ; What we s|ient, we Inid ; ^VIlal we left, we lost." — (JiiiiioN's HoMi,. eh. 01. 5.V2. BENEVOLENCE, Unwise. />.'/.//. [A la- dv wriies;| "Mrs. AVilliains was blind beforo ■she was aciiuainted with Dr. .lohnson. She had many resources, though noiic very great. With the .^li.ss Wilkinsons she generally pa.ssed a jiart of the year, and received from them presents, and from the tirst who wied a legar (liiyx. " .ohwri.i.'h John- W)N, p. \2H. AAil. , Ciialinn /'"'■'''•'//. Tlionms Flrinin, ii Fi'imldii cid/.i'ii, wii"* on" of the Inid ill^ lldvoClllrH u'. lllC |M'|'Ullir HcllClni'M of tllllt (ill) I lilllH|, " for MciiiiiLT ilic poor to work " 'luil is. Iiy in'ovidlii^ llii' l.'dior out of a ('oiiiinoii piililii Hlock, wliiili coiilil not lu' providfd liy roiiiiiicr- ciid ciiliTpriMc, iiiid tliiiH iiiri'i Msiii^r jirudnriiiiii wldioiil, reference to the denmnil of Hie eon--iiin- ers, or niMlellin.Lj llie tirodiieerM lio Were i)reviowslv in tin inuriiel. iNKiirr'M 1-,N<».. \ol. .">, ell. 1:1, p. 'io.";. a«1 1. BEQUESTS for Spiritual Beneflti. h>,l, m.iHlii'iil. r\.i). liriO-l-lMo, I Tlie will^ of liie pe- riod iilTonl iinipie-iir)iiid)le evidence of (lie con- Hiant i)re.senceof liic ,s|,irilMMl iiih i^er. , . . Meii- eyM liequeatiied to llic iiiirli iillar of liie altltey or parisli-eliiircli ; re(|iiienis to lie --iiid, in rieli ves(- inenlM approprinted for llie special purpose, with a yearly reward lo the laicsis ; ii neulv painted iina>,'e of " ( )iir l,Md\ ," to lie set lip, with a lapn «'ver lairidn;,' ; Hie cliinies in ihe sl'cplc to he re |>aired ; a priest to have a house in dwell in and at every meal to repeat the name i.f the testator, that they (hat hear it nniy say, " (Jod have mercy on liis sold," which ^'really may relieve him. . . . It was this nndiiulilcd conlideiiee in the prayers of the priesthood that made the i linrcli so rich and poweifid. — Kmoiit's Kmi., \o!. 'i, ch. H, p. P,>(j, .■^•W. BEBEAVEMENT, Comfort in. Crow/r,// Duriiif^ the periods liiiweeii Ilie paroxysms uf the fever, he occupied llie time with lisieninu: lo passaj^es from Ihe sacred volume, or liy a re- si^iiecl or dcspaii'inir reference to the death of his daiinhler. " Kead to nie." he saicl lo Ids wife in one of those inlcrxals, "llie lipistlc of St. Paul to the I'liilipiiians." She read tli. m' word.s : " I know holli liow to he aliased, and I know how to abound : everywhere and in all things r am insiructed liolli to he full and to he liuni^ry, holh to ahouiid and to siilTcr need. I can do all ;hini;s llirou.irh ( lirist, which strenirtli eneth me." The reader i)an-ed. " 'I'liat verse," said Cromwi'll, "once saved my life when the death of my eldest horn, the infant Oliver, pierced my heart liki' the sharp blade of ii pon- iard." — I.AM.MrriM's ('itoMwi;i,i„ |>. 77. A56. BEBEAVEMENT, Depression by, Sontln;/. fllis .sou Herbert died wlien nine years old.) From his early discipli;ie in Ihe stoical philosn- ])hy some help now was uained ; from his active imd clastic mil d the iridii was more ; hut these Would have been insutllcieiit to support him tvilhout a hearlfelt and ever-present faith thai Avhat he had lost was not lost forever. A irreal change had indeed conic upon him. He set his hous(! in order, and made arranucments as if his own death were at hand, lie resolved not to he unhappy, bu, the ,ioyousness of his disposition had received I's dcatli-Wdund ; he felt as if he had pa.sseil at ( iice from boyhood to the decline of life. He tried dutifully to maki' head airaiiisl hi.s (lc])re.ssi()n, but at times with poor success. — Dow ukn's Sol Tin v. ch. (), 557. BEBEAVEMENT, Distress of. Abntham Lincoln. Ill the spriiii,' of 1862 the President spent .several days at F()rtre.s,s Monroe, awaitinji: iiulitary operations on the Penin.sida. . . . His favcjrite diversion was reading Shiikespearc , . Olio (liiy . . . oiM^iiinK to Kinir .lohii, lie reml from the third act flie puMmi>;e in which ('oiiMlamc Ih' xMiilsher imprisoned boy. . . . Mr. Lincoln Miid : " ('ol(aiel,(lidy et coiinniiiiloii with that frleini, and yet havi^ i hiuI ci'.jsciouH iicHs that It was not ii reality 't .Iiisl ho I dream ci' my Ixiy Willie." (Hi "ume with emotiuii, he (lr<>|.-i('d his heiid (Ui the table n ! ^obU'd aloud -IC.wmond'k I.isioi.N, p. 7.")i;. •VIM. BEBEAVEMENT, riotltious. V"''^ .\iii>. (Wlnu t^iK 1 n Anne lost li' i' hii-band, .Mis. I'li'i'liiaii wi-ole:| her love to I he prince seemed, ill the eyes of the world, to he pi'odii;- loudly ;.'reat ; iiiiil ui' at us was the p.i-»ion of her \ivU\', li< r stomal li wa.s jfrealer, for that very day he died she ale three very larireaiil liearly mc;ils. |Slie spent much of her linie in retlre- rnciil ill the room where he loved to sit, but it, was afterward discdvered that ii was owiiitj to the cun\ eiiieiice which it gave !■> c.iurl ili- trigiK rs to reach her liy Ihe back stairs.] IvMiiir's Kn(i., vol. .'i. ( li. '^'-J, p :!;>!• 559. BEREAVEMENT, Forget' ag. r,iv('ii. Aflcr diiiiii r I b . .lohiison w role a liiier to .Mrs. 'I'lirale, on the ilintli of her son. I snJd il would he very dislressini; |n 'riiialc, but she would .sooii foriz'cl it, as she had so many IIhiil's Io think of. .loii.NsoN : ■■ No. sir ; 'I'liraie will forL-'ci it (Irst. Sill' has niaiiv things llial slie nun/ think of. Ilfi has many things that he ii 'int think of." This was a very ,jusi remark upon tlic dinVreiit cirects of those light jmrsuits which occupy a vacant and easy mind, and those serious eii^am'iiieiits M liieh arrest atlentiou and keep us from broinl- ing over grief. — IJoswi^i.i.'s ,!oii.nson. p. 2^0. 500. BEBEAVEMENT, Memory of. I'j'ct M'ordKirnrlli . " Uefcrring once, ' suys his friend Mr. Aubrey (!(■ Verc, "to two yomiu- i hildren iif his who had died n\\()nlf(irfi/i/ttirs prcvious- i\ , he described Ihe details of their illiie»es with an exactness and an impetuosji' of tiuuMed e.x- cileliii lit silcli as mii;lit have en expected if the bereaveiiieiit had taken place but ii few weeks before. The la])se of time seemed to Iii\i' left Ihe sorrow siil>merL;ed indeed, but siiU in all its lirst freshness. Mvi.n's WoitDswoitrii, ch. S. 501. BEBEAVEMENT, Tears of. Jh,,.i./ UVA- fifrr. In (bie tjme u dauglii. r was born to them, the little (Ji.ice Webster who "is so wonderfully precocious ;uid agreeable. I iiliappily. she in- licritcd hei- iiiothei's delii;iir coiistitulioii, and she died in cliildliood. Three tini in his life, it is .Sill I, Daniel Webster wcpl > unvuisively. ()n(M>f these occasions was win ii he laid upon tlu' bed this darling uirl, who had dieil in his irms, and lurneil away from the sii:lii of her Id'eless body. — Cvi i,oi'i;i)|.\ ui.' Hi<)(,., p. 4t!."). 502. BEBEAVEMENT, Weakness in, ./nncM W'litt. \ His wife died when he was absent from home. I .She had strugiilcd with liini through l)o\-crty ; had often cheered his faintiiii;- spirit; when borne down by doubt, peri)lexit\ . and dis- a]>pointmenl ; and often afterwaiil he |>au.sed on the threshold of his house, unable to siunmoii coura.ire to enter the room where he was never more to meet "the comfort of his life." — Smu.es' BlUKK HlOOUAI'IlIKS, ]). !5H. 50J. BETBOTHMENT, Early. Firsf li.Aert I\d. William Vates' eldest child was a girl, (!K IIIIU.K. iiiiiDi'd I'lllrri, mill mIk' xcry nohm iN'citiiK' iin cm IM'ciiil liivuiilc Willi till' yoiiiiK ImlpT. On ii' liiinin^f from liis Imrd (Iiivh work, In- wntihl tiikf till' liltic ^rirl upon IiIh kni-c, niiil niiv In Iut : " Ncllv.lluMi lioiiny liltic iltiir. will lie my wife ?" to which the I'liild wiiiilil rciiililv iiiiHWcr! " \rH," M aii\ child wiiiild do. ''I'licii I'll wait for llicc. Nelly ; I'll wed thee. Mini iioiiccIhc." And UoIntI I'eel did witil. As the jrirl u'rew in iM-auty towiird wniiiiinlinod, his dclerniiniition to wiiil lor her w;n Hlrcnjrlhetied ; iind iillcr Ihe la|)H<' of ten yeui'- - vearH of cloxe ii|i|>lic'ilioii to lnislncHM and rapidly inereasiiiLr pio-perilv Uolierl I'ecl married I'Ollen Vales when she li.id I omitleted her sexcnlcenlli year. ( 'V( l,ori;i>l \ «>|r liioii.. \i 7MI. AOJ. BIBLE, Adiiptation of the. < 'ohnu'iil ( 'lr the iin- fiiithful. sentinels retired . . . [the French and Ind- ians soon followed within the palisades). Thevil- )a^(! was liuriit. . . hut few escaped ; forty-seven were killed ; one hundred and twelve, includinji; the minister and lii.s family, were made captives. One hour after sunrise the jiarty liei,nui its re- turn to Canada. Muf who would know the hor- rors of that winter march throui^h the wilder ncss ? Two men starved to death. Did a youn;; «'hild \\iMp from fatiirui'. or a fcelile woman tot- , ter from anicuish under the liui-den of her own j ofFsprin^r, the tomahawk stilled complaint, or t tlie helpless infant was cast out upon the snow. Eunice Williams, the wifeof the minister, had not I'or^'otten her Uilde ; and w hen they rested liy the , wayside, oral iiii,dit made their couch of liranehcs of ever.irreen strewn on Ihe snow, the .savages al- lowed her to read it. llavinu' liui recently re- covered from confinement, her slreii;rtli failed . . . sIk' commended her live captive children, iinrler (Jod, to their father's care ; and then one blow from ii tomahawk ended her sorrows. — JJanckokt's r. S., vol. ;5, eh. 'i\. 56«. BIBLE, Diffusion of the. Ti/ndah'. Tyn- (lido passi'd from O.xford to ("amliridire to feel "the full imiailsi! ^iven by the aiipearanee there of the New Testament of Erasmus. From that moment one thouj^ht was at his heart. He " jier- <'cived liv experience how that it was imiio.ssihle to establish the lay iH'0])le in any truth except the ycriptuH! were plainly laid before their eyes in Iheir mother loniruc" " If (}o«l npare my life," he Mild to a Icarnctl conlrovcrHlalisI, "ere iimiir years I will cause .i boy thai driveth the |i|oukii shall know more of the .Scripture than tiioii dost." Hut lie was a man of forty before hU (iream Ucame fa;en of I the Old Testament, bis attention was arrested by the story of Samuel mil llannali, which he liur- riedlv read with ynat joy. — Uki.n's Lt'TiiKlt. p. 28". 5««. BIBLE ditplaoed. //// illoir,. |At the solemn enti'y of l'liili|i and .Mary iiilo London, in iri,*)') sliiirtly after their marria^'e,] unions other decorations of the ])ublic places, (he con- duit in (Jrace Church Street was painted with devices of tlie nine worthies, and of Henry V'lII. [the father of the (lUeeiij and Edward VI. Henry was represented with a Hible in liishand, on which was written N'erbum Dei. TIk- Bishop of Winchester, notinj; Ihe book in Henry V'lU's hand, shortly afterward caUed tlm painter Ix'fore him, and with vile words, calling him traitor, asked why, imd who biido him deserilK' Kini; Henry with a book in his hand, as is aforesjiiil, thrcatenin<; him therefore to >;o to tla; Fleet. 'V\\v painter humbly iij)i)lo>,nzeil, and said he thou;,dit li(! had dono well. " Nay," saiil the bishop," it isH^iinstth(M|ueen'sCatholieproeetHl- inj,fs.' And .so lie nainled him shortly after, in- stead of Ihe book of Vetbum Dei, to have in Ids handsa new pair of ^rlovcs. — K.Nioirr's Kn(i.,voI. rnerof the earth should alone lK!ble.ss<'d Iherowith ? Every one doth think his own re- liijion the riijhtest — both Jews, Moors, and Pa- ifiins ; and how if uU our faith, and Christ, and IIIBLK. 09 Hfripliirc »iil(l Ih' Iml 'ii think, m' 1(m> ?" — FlKUIIIKM H( NV.\N, ell. U. A70. BIBLK, The flrst. KliofM. Alioiil liiiir II ciiiitiiry itflcr Kiiiu: .litini'N' IriiiiMluiioii of llir iiililx* IVlikMNiiiliiiNciiM ^ntvi'il, tliriiiiKli Kliiit, lolxr lti(lii«iih— tlin tliNt liilili' |iriiili' m mi tion. [Who'll IjiiiTii I') II /.It! M '1 1 1 iimilc lirr conitmllitii liro^fTt'HH, ii^Ti'iil (llMpliiy WHS iimiir hy the people. | Will 11 nIi(< ispli'iiii pii^'i'iiiil ul till' IJllli' ('i)ii(liiil . . 11 I'cHt wik.s iiiiiile, iiikI II iillilc III ICii^IInIi, rlcMy ('(ivrrril, wiih let, dnwii until licr, liy ii silk liice.'friiin iiclillil llmt rciiri'scnted 'rriilli, Willi liotll lirr IiiIIIiIm .slie rcrclvcd It ; tlicll .she kinsiil it, uftcrwiiril iipplicii it. to licr lircii.st ; unit liiMily h»|(| il up, tliunklnj,' the city cMpcclally tor tliiit gift, tmd proiiii.siiiKtii lii'ikdi(ii;rnt reader llu'rcol'. — IvNidiirK Kmi., vol. ;t, eli. H, p. 111. • ATtl. BIBLE, Imperilled by the. Itii-lmnl lliinin', I In l">|."> KicliMiil lliiniie wiislirou^rlil lie- fore lIleHiHliop dl' liOlidoll, eliarjfed Willi lieie.sy, He| wiiH terrilled into an adiiiiH.>iioii of some of ttie eriniesot' wliicli he was aeeused, oiieof wliieli wa.s tliiit he had ill his |M)s.sessiiin the epistles and pispels in Kurdish, and " WyelKTe's dainnahle works." lie was sent liaek to prison, and two (lays after was found haiiy:in;r in his cell, A cor- oner's inipiest, eliarjred the hishop's ehaneelior and otiier olHeers with iniirder, hut it was niain- tiiined liy them lliiit the herelie had eominitted Hiiieide, TIk? Iiishop and elerjfv had the inered- ililo folly to lie^in a new process of heresy a>;ainst the dead body, wliicli was iidjudi^ed )j:"''',v. and, iwcordiiiji; to the sentence, liuriit in Smiihileld. — Knhiiit'h Kn(i., vol. 'i, cli. 17, p. 277. ftTJl. BIBLE, An incendiary. liiinn />/ Jamfx jr. The cler^ry were strictly chari;ed not to re- tlect nn tlu! Uomiiii Catliolii; reli.ifioii in their discourses. The cliancellor took on himself to send the macers of tlie I'rivy Council round to the few printers and hooksellers wlio could tlien be found in Kdinhur^di, char;;in.i; them not to ])iililisli any work witliout. liis license. Il was Well understood that thi.s order was inleiided to prevent tlie circulation of IVotestant treiitiscH. One lionest stationer told the mes.seiifrcrs thai lie had in his shop a hook winch rellected, in very coarse terms, on popery, and liej^jfed to know wliether lie mi^lit .sell it. They asked to see it, and he showed tliem a copy of tlie Hihle. — .M.y- CAUIiAV'H En(i., ch. (1. 574. BIBLE indestructible, /'irsirntinii. The pliiloso|>hers . . . had dilit^eutly studieil llie na- ture and fTcnius of the Cliristian reiif^ion ; and a.s tliey wen; not it^noraiit tiiat the speculative doc- trines of tiie faiili were supposed to he contained in the writinj^s of tlie proplie's, of the evan<;elists, and of tlie aiioslles, they most prolialily suf,'y;ested tlie order tliat tlie liishops and iiresliyters .should deliver all tlieir sacred hooks into tlie hands of the maj^istrates, who were commanded, under the severest penalties, to Imrn them in a public and solemn manner. By the .same edict the prop- erty of the church was at once confiscated, and the .several parts of which it might consist were either sold to the highest bidder, imited to the Imperial domain, bestowed on the cities and cor- porations, or granted to the solicitations of rapa- cious courtiers, . . . The Christians, though they cheerfiillv reigned the ornainenls of their elilirches, resolved Hot to ilitemipt llieir reliirinllfl assemblies nor to deliver their sacred iHiiika to tlie llaines.— (JiiinoN M Komi:, ch. 1*1. ATA. BIBLE, Influence of the, ('nnini'ill. \ great man is ever the pei'sonllication of the spirit which breathes from tiiiii' to time upon his ago and country. The inspiration of ,S( ripiure pre- dominated, in ItllMI, over the three ihi. Wliere was there a lioiise in ilie (nlonieH that did not cherish, and did not possess, llio Knglisli Millie V And yel to print that Hible in Urilish ,\inei'ica was |iroliibited as a piracy, and the Millie, e.\ce|it in the iialive .savage districlx, was never printed tliere till the land became free. — Ham iioKTw V. S., vol. .">, ch. 12. AT7. BIBLE omitted, ('iirniiiifion of JitwfH II. .laiiieM liMd ordered Siincroft to abridge the riliial. The reason publicly assiirncd was that, the day wiis loo siiort for all that was to bo done ; bill whoever eMiminesthe chiinu'cs wliicli Were inade will see that the real objeel was to remove some Ihings higiilv olTensive to liie relig- ious feelings of a zealous Koniaii Calliolic. . . . The ceremony of presenting tlie sovereiifii with a richlv-liound copy of the English Mible, and of exhorting him to prize above all earllily treasures a volume wliicli Ik; had lieeii taught to regard as adulterated with I'alse doctrine, was omitted. — .M.vcai lay's Kno,, ch, 4. A7H. BIBLE, A people'i. Wf/''liff<: With the tacit approval of the iirimali' of a church wliicli, from the time of Wyclitre, had held the transla- tion and reading ot the iiible in tlie common tongue to be heresy and a criiiK! piinisliMble witli tire, Krasmus boldly avowed liis wish for ii Mible open and inteii'igilile to all. " I wish tliat even the weakest woman niigiit read the gospel.s and tiKM'pisllesof St. I'aiil. 1 wisli that they were translated into all languages, .so as to be read ami understood not only by Scots and Irishmen, but even by Saraceiisand Turks. Ihit tile tirst step to tlieir being read is to make them inteliigilile to the reader. I long forthiMlav when tlie husliiindman shall sing ])ortioiis of them to liimself us lie follows tlie ])lougli ; when the weaver sliall hum tliein to tlie tune of his shut- tle ; wlien till! traveller shall while away witli tlieir stories tlii; weariness of liis journey." — Hist, ok Enu. Pkoim.k, t^ 518. A79. BIBLE, Prohibition of the. J'J n r/lnn il. In l.'VtS an act was jjiissed which limited the reading of the Bible and the New TesUiment ia the English tongue to noblemen and gentlemen, and forbade the reading of the same to "tho lower sort" — to artificers, prentices, journey- men, serving-men, husbandmen, and laborers. I TO 1UI5I .•:— IlKJOTltV. and til Wdii.cii, iimlcr |>;iiii of iin|)ris()niiu-nt. — Kn'k.mi V Kn(i., \()1. 2, l lifldic llii' sllliprcssjoii of the IllDllMstcrirs, ■\viin (Icnounccd liii' rradiiiL;' of tlic Hiliir liy tlic vnlL'ai' ; for tlic JKikcr, lie said, who found it written tiiat a litl:i leaven would i rnipt tli" wlioie lump, would Lrive us bad hren.. , and the ploUirliniMU would he afraid to labor, when he learned that if he looked back from his iilouLdi h- were until, for the kiiu'doni of heaven. — K.Mfinr s Kno., vol, -J, eh. •,'!», \\ 4iM. AN I. BIBLE, Protected by the. Jofin Kmu-. The yoiuiir (pieen [Mary|, feeliuir the necessity of .securini; the jrood will of such a man, suc- ceeded in attracliui,^ him to the palace. He ap- ])eare(! in Id.s Calvinislic (hn-ss, a short cloak thrown o\er liis shoulder, the Bilile under hi.s arm, "Satan," siud lie, " caiuiot jirevail ii;iain>t n man whose left hand lu-ars a liirht to illumine his riirht, when he searclies the Holy Scriptures in the hours of iiiirht.'' — L.v.m.vu- Ti.M'.'b M.viiY Sti-vut, ch. 7. 5S'i. BIBLE, Searching the " IUhJr .)A////.v." There was wild enthusiasm I'nomrh 'ii some of tile followers of Whiletield and' Wesley, . . . l)iit ti:ese earnest men left a mark. . . . The obscure vounj^ students . . . were first called " Sa( rami'iitarians," then " Hible .Moths," and tinallv " MeUiodist.s." — Ivmoiit's E.no., \oI. :>, th. ;'. .'iSJl. BIBLE, Three Secies in. Simh iJinyr/. The Wi.rd does not beloiiL,'- to men alone, but is the ])osM'ssi()n likewise of the anp'js of heaven, to whom it wears different forms, accordinir to their lo\i' and intelliireiice. In jreiieral it may Ik- said to have tlire(^ senses or meanings : First, a celestial sense, api>reliende(l by the celestial or liiiiliest antrels ; secondly, a spiritual sense, ap- ju'ehended by a lower ranire of aiiirclic minds, the spiritual ; and thirdly, a natural sense, with ■which wi' are all familiar, written down to the <'orn]>relieiisioii of the lowest, most worldly, and nensual of men — the Jews. — W'ihtk's Sweodkn- mmi;, p. so. dS4. BIBLE stim-jlates, Rn-. Smn,! ,/-/////- fion. [Beinir a victim to the ]>ersecution of .lames H. airaiiist Protestants he was seniencccl to be tlonired for iiublishiiii,- a tract airainsl the overthrow of Protestantism by the use of the army. He suffered with most courageous en- durance,] His iiiocrapher says : " Jle observed a*'terwaid to one of his most, intimate friends, that tlii- te.\t of Scripture, which came sudden- ly into his mind, He endureil the cross, and despised the shame.' so much animated and sup- ])orteil him in his bitter journey that he could iiiive suiiir a psalm while the e.vecutioiier was doin:r ins otlice, with as much (omiiosure and cheerf,lli.e>s as excr he had done in the church ; thouiih.at the same time, he had a (piick sense of •■very stripe ^vlli(■ll was irivcn him, with a whip of nine cdi'ds knotted, to (he number of three llUlldred and sevelltt'ell." — IvMolir's Eno.. \o1. 4, ch. -J."), p. 411. 5S5. BIBLE and Superstition, The. ('(imliint Infiiiiiix. 'J'he Indians reveled the voliimi' valh- pr than its doctrines; and, with a fond supersti- tion, the\' embraced the book, kissed it, and held it to their breasts and hcuds, us if il had Ik'cii im amulet. ... As the colonist.s . . . had no women with them, there were some amoiif; thn Indians who imairined the Knjrlish were not born of woman, and tlienl'ore not mortal ; that they were men of an old n-eiieration risen to im- inoVi.ilitv. — I5an( iioKT.- Hist, ok L'. S., vol. 1. ch. :f. .'ine. BIBLE-KEADINO forbidden. Knrihtnd. [In l.")47, in tlie| "Act for the advaiiceineiit of ielii,don," there was a special clause a^'ainsl per- sons not duly appointed I'eadin;;- the IJible aloud ill any . liureli. 'I'he man who soiL^dit to know the truth miirht muse over the chained volume, but he was not to read any jiortion of il to tho less instructed bystanders. Moblemeii and ,i;en- tlemeii miiilit read the Uible aloud to their fami- lies. Ladies niiiiht only read it priva'ely, andso also nii^rlit merchants. The (lualified ])er;nissioii to read the Scriptures [wasj . . . (Xtended toall but artificers, prentices, journe,Miien, and .serv- iiitr-meii. — Kmoii r'sE\(i., vol. :.'. ch. 29, j). 492. 587. BIGOTRY disclaimed. Pinj/ci: In tlu ("ontiiieiital Conirress, .Mr. .Jay, a memlier from New York, spoke aLrainst opeiiimr the jji-oceed- iiii,'H with praver, on the irround that as there were in that body Episcopalians, Quakers, Ana- baptists, P'-esbyierians, and ('oni;re,trationalist.s, they would hardly hv. able to join in tlic .same; act of worsliij), Thereiipor. JSIr. Sjimuel Adams, a strict Comrreiratioii'ilist, arose and said he wa.s no biu'ot, and coukl licir a prayer from a /gentle- man of i)iety and virtue who Avas, at the .same! time, a friend to li:s countrv. He tlien moveil that Mr. Duclie, a!i Episfopalian cleriryman, read liravers to the t'onjj^ress. The motion was car- ried, and tli(^ jirayers were read. — A.M. Cvc, "S.VMl'KI. AlVVMS." 5»«. BIGOTRY, Papal. Poix V. [He li.id di.s- tiniruisluMt himself as an iiKjiiisitor.] A more furious biirot never sat on the papal throne ; and his bi/rotry was more terrible from the circum- stance that it was conscientious. When lie sent a force to theaidof fir French Catholics, lie told their leader " to take no HuLruenot jirisoner, but instant l.v to kill every one that fell into his hands." \Vlien the savaire Ih'ce of Alva was b'ltclierin!^ without remorse in the Netherlands, the Holy Father sent him a consecrated hat and swonl, ill admiration of his Christian iirocecdings. — IvNKiirT's E\(i., vol. 8, ch. 11, p. 1()7. .liR. BIGOTRY, Protestant. Mm-ii Stimrt. [The e\-eiiinu: before her execution Mary Stu- art, (^ueeii of Scots, desired the presence <■'' her priest and almoner ; but she was refused, and was informed that in the |il;ice of her confessor she iniLdil ha\'e the spiritual ;issisiaiice of tli(! Dean of Peterliorouirii. Slie necessarily de- clined,] — Kmoht'sEno,. vol. ;>, ch. l:!, ]>, 201. 500. BIGOTRY, Puritanic. /// I'mi/ir. [When the bod,\' of Charles I. was de])osiled in the vjiull for biii'ial. ill;' governor of St. (JeorLre's Castle) forbade the church-.service to be performed, tliidiiuh his bJLjoted resolve that, the Common Prayer havinij: lieen ])ut down, he would not. siitfer it to be read in the garrison where Ik; commanded. — Kmoiit's Eno., \o1. 4, ch. y, p. 1!."), 5»l. BIGOTRY, Strange. P/7f/r/ii<.i. At a ses- sion of the i;eneral court of the c(jlony [of ^Iius- BIRTH— BISHOPS. 71 siiclmsctts], licld ill lO^il, ii law wiis passed rc- NlrU'tiiig tlic rii^ht of siiirraiic. It was ciiacfcd tliat none Imt iiicmlxTs of llu' chiiicli should he jK'rniilli'd to vote at the colonial clcclioiis. '{■'lie <-lioic(' of trovci'iior, dcpuly-novcriior, and assist- ant cownciilors port of the iros])!'! ; oaths of oliedienee to the luairis- Irates were re((uire(l ; attendance upon ))ulilic \vorshi))was enforced by law ; none liul church- inemlters were elii,''il)le to ollieers of trust. It is t . . . [at Ajaccio, I'orsica, recently won to France by armsj. Had the voinii^ Na])oleon seen the ii^ht two months t'urller, he woidd have been by birth an Italian, not IV Frenchman. — Aniiorr's N.vpolkon B., vol. 1, ch. 1. 593. BIRTH concealed. Ahntlnm. The Ish- maelite Arabs . . . call in ;heir books tlieir father Abraham El KlniUl-Allttli, or the friend of himself disiiiiruished by any other name than that which he deri\cd from a small town in Dalmatia, from whence his moth- j cr (U'duced her oriirin. — Giiuio.n's Ro.mi;, ch. II!. \ 596. BIBTH, Superior to. Burns. Born in ' «n a,<;e the most pro.aic Britain had yet sivn, and in a condition the most advantaijreous, where Ilia mind, if it accomi)lishi'd aught, nnist accom- jilish it under the pressure of continual bodily toil — nay, of j)enury and desponding apprehen- sion of the worst evils — and with no furtheranco but such knowledge as dwells in a poor man's hut, and the rhymes of a Fergu.son or Uamsay for his standard of beautv, he sinks not under all these impediments. Through the fogs and darkness of that obscure ri'gion, his eagle eye discerns the true relations of the world and'hu- nnui life ; he grows into intellectual strength, and trains himself into intellectual experlness. Im- pelled by the irr 'pressible movement of his in- ward sjiirit, he struggles forward into the gen- eral view, and with haughty modesty lays do\\u before us, as the fruit of his labor, a gift which Time has now pronounced imperishable. — Cvu- i.vi.k'h Btii.NS, p. 15. 597. BIBTH, A welcome. " T/ic Kiiifj of li'iiii)-." [Napoleon's second wife gave birth to a boy March ~'(t, ISll. | If the child were a prin- cess, twenty-one guns were to Ixi tired ; if a prince, one hundred. At si.x o'clock in the morning . . ail Paris -wjis aroused t)}' the deep booming of [cannon]. . . . Every window was thrown open. Every ear was on the alert. . . . Vast tlirongs stood motionless to count the tidings, which those oxiilosions were thundering in their ears. . . . The twenty-first gun was tirecl. The interest was now intense beyond conception. For a moment the gunners delayed the next dis- charge, and I'aris stood waiting in breathless s>isi)ense. The heavy loaded guns then, with redoubled voice, jiealed forth the announcement. From till! entire city lislied notldii;; liere ; lie narrowly escaped bodily vioK'iice. \h'. Idinself narrates tins ex- perience! : " Wlien I readied Orhiiiiiinde I soon discovered vlmt kind of seed Karisladt iiadsown; I'or I wiUH irreelcd w itii such a blessinir ns tids ; ' Dejiart in tlie name of a liiowsand devils, and may you lireak your neck before you h-ave the (•i;y ! ' "— IIkin's l^i riiKii, cli. 1-i. 601 . BLESSING disdained. l!n)in of Jitm< k IT. [S(!ven l>ishops had iieeii imprisoned l)ecause tliey refused to aid tlie kiiii; i'l the overthrow of the; Protestant faith.] Loud acclaini>:;c,!is weri; raised. Tlie steeples of the ctuirchcs svnt forth joyous peals. The liishops found it dilHcult to escape from til.' importunate crowd of their well- wishers. L' /(?i 3fil('>n. ITis eyesight, though (piick, as he was a profi- cient with the rapier, liiid never been strong. His constant headaches, his late study, and (thinks Phillips) his perpetual tampering with phvsic to preserve his sight, concurred to bring the calamitv njion him. It hi.d been steadily coming on for a dozen years before, and about l(i.')0 the sight of the left" eye was gone. lU' was warned by his doctor that i"f he jiersisted in u.sing •he remaiiiinu' eye for book-work, he wouldjose that too. " 'Phe choice lay liei'or(! nie," Milton writes in the " Second Deb nee," "between dere- liction of a. supreme dutv and lo.ss of ey<'siirht ; in .such a case I could not listen to the physician, not if /Esculapius himself had si)oken from his sane tuary ; J could not but obey that inward monitor, I know not what, that spake tome from heaven." -.MlI.TON, J{Y .M. 1'.\TTIS(IN, ( h. 9. 605. BLOCKADE by Chains. Mdhomrt IT. He laid siege to Constantinople . . . while the indo lent Greeks niade a very feeble preparation for defence, trusting to an imnien.se barricade of strong chains, which blocked up the entry to the port, and prevented all access to the enemy's sliii)s. The genius of Mahomet very soon over- came this obstacle. He laid a channel of smooth planks f(;r the length of .six miles, resembling the frames wh'- •■ arccitnslructed for the launcli- inii- of ships, in one night's time he drew eighty g.illeys out of the water upon these planks, and next "morning, to the utter ast'vushment of tlw besieged, anCntire fleet descended fit once into the bo.som of their harbor. . . . Constantine, the emperor, was killed in the assault, and Mahoniet immediMlelv c' 'i verted hisi>alace into a .seraglio. • iiid the s|)len(ii \ •Imrcli of Santa Sophia into a .Mohi'.mnied.-in iuiis(jue. Thus ended tlieeinpin' of the Kast, ii. the ye.ir 145;!, eleven hundred Jind t" iity-threo y<'ars from the building of Con- slantiiiople bv Constantine the (Jreat. — Tvii.i-.n's Hist., MookVi. ch. 1:5. «.i»6. BLOCKADE of Death. % C/.wr. (Thirty thousand .soldiers had fallen,] Munda was at ulice blockaded, the inclosing Vt'all — savauc evi denct. of the temper of the eoiKiuerors — being built of dead bodies pinned together w' h lances, and on the top of it a fringe of heads on sword.s' point.s with the faces turned toward the town. — ;''i{oii)i;'s C.Ks.Mi, ch. 'J t. 607. BLOT, Shameful. WiUiam Pnii}. ['^'oung I'irls, liy order of their schoolmislre.ss, had pre- s(nte^ iilrcady ciiiilili'd him, and iiii^lit still ciitihlc liiiii, (<> render j-Teiit services to liis oppressed liretliren. [More lit Su H2!).J—.Ma(ai lay's KN(i., ell. '). «0». BLOT of the Times. f'r'Kiir. The CmuIs jmid the expenses of iliejr e()n(|U( st in the pri>.on- (is taken in hiillle, who were .sold to the slave merehanls ; and this is the real hlot on ( lesar's {•areer. Ihit tiie hlot was not personally upoii Ca'sar, hut upon the aire in which h' lived. The irreat I'oniponiiis Attieiis himself was a dealer in human chaitels. That prisoners of war should he sold as slaves was the law of the time, aceeiited alike hy victors and \aiM|uished ; and the crowds of liheilini who assisted at Cii'sar's funeral proveil thai he was not reijarded as th(! enemy of these unfortunates, hut as their spc'ial friend. — l"''not'i>K's C'.ksah, eh. IM. «0». BLUNDER by Inattention. (;<>Mxniith. Lord Clare and the l)ukc of Northumherland liad houses next to each oilier, of sinul.ir archi teclure. Heturninij home one mornim;- from an early walk. Goldsmith, in oni; of his frc(|uent tits of ahsencc, mistook the house, and walked up into the duke's dininiz:-roor,i, where he and the duehes.s wen; ahout to sit down to hreakfast. Goldsmith, still supposinij liimself in the house of Lord Cliu'e, and that tliey were visitors, mad' them an easy salutation, heinir accpiaiiiled with them, and threw himself on a sofa in the lounL'- inir mamier of a man perfectly at home. The duke and dvichess soon perceived iiis mistake, and, whih; they smiled internally, endeavored, with the consideraleness of well bred ])eo|)le. to ])revcnt any awkward emharrassnienl.- lu\- i.\(i's (t()l.I)s.^fITlr, eh. ;iO. 610. BOARD, Prayers exchanged for. Xiijinhnii I. 'Y\w Frencli enii;i'rant jiriesls were ((uite a burden on the convents of Italy, where they had taken refu,-iicuit to his exhausted kinijdom. In the pride of victory, Ba jazet threat- ened that he wotdd besiege Ruda ; that he \vould subdue the adjacent cou!itries of Ger- many and Italy ; and that he would feed his liorse with a bushel of oat.s on the altar of St. Peter at Home. His progress was checked, not by the miraculous interposition of the apostle, not by a cr\isade of tlie Christian powers, i)ut by a long and jiainful lit of the gout. Thedisoniers of the moral ai'e sometimes corrected bv those of the ])hysical world ; and an acrimonious humor falling on a single fibre of one man may prevent or suspend the nu.sery of nations. — (iiiiito.N's UoMK, eh. .Tl. ttV2. BOASTING, Ridiculous, fhinilnr. Once, when cheeking my boasting loo frequently of myself in company, he said to nie : " Moswell, you often \aunl so much as to |ii-ovoke ridiculi', Vou pul nie in mind of a man who was slanding in the kilchcn of an inn wilh his b:ick to Ihe lire, and thus accosled Ihe ])erson next him : ' l)o you know, sir, who I am ?' ' No, si,,' said the other, '1 have nol that advantage.' '.Sir,' said he. ' 1 nm \\u- f/i. " 1 will cram the stamps down their throats with Ih ■ end of my sword," cried the liraguarl .James, major of artillery, as he busied himself witii ln'inging into the fort more tield- pieces, as well as j)o\\(ler, shot, and shells. "If tlie,\- :itteinpt to rise, I," he gave out, " will diive them all out of town for a i)aek of rascals, with four and twenlv nieii. " — H.vncuokt's U. S., vol. "i, eh. IT. 611. BOASTING, Vain. r< r.siium. The Mi r- ranesof I'ersia advanced, with 40, ()()() of h.'r best troojjs, to raze the fortifications of ])ara, and signified the day and the hour on which the citizens should prejiare a bath for his refresh- ment, after the toils of victory. IleencoiuUered an adversary ei|ual lo himself, liy tlie new title of General of the Kast ; his sujicrior in th(! science of war, but nuich inferior in the nundwr and ijuality of his troops, which amounted (idy t'> "J."), 001) Romans and stranijers relaxed in 'heir discipline, and humbled by I'cecnt disasters. ( )n the le\el jilain of Dara the standard of Persia fell ; the iiiuiKirtiiln fled, the infantry threw away their bucklers, and 8000 of the vanciuished fell before th(,' Uonian swords [under Belisarius] on the field of battle. — (JiiutoNs {{o.mi;, ch. 41. <»l.>. BODY, Crippled. Timour the Titrtuv. The fame of Timour has ])ervaded the East anil \\'e>t — his posterity is still invested with the im- perial Vdh'—wwA the admiration of his subjects, who revered him almost as a deity, may be jus- tified in some degi'ec by the ]iraise or confession of his bitterest enemies. Although he was lame of a hand and fool, his form and stature were not unworthy of his rank ; and his vigorous health, .so essential to himself and to the woi'ld, was corroborated by ti'inpt'rance and exerci.se. — (iiiwioN's HoMK, ch. (').-). 616. BODY, Perfect. Auk rifan IikHidih. How r.arc is it to find flic red-man s(|uint-eyed, or with a diseased s|)iiie. hall or blind, or with any dcticieiicy or excess in the organs ! , . . The most rctiiK'd nation is most liable to [irorluce \ariefies. and to dcLrenerafe. — Hancuokt's Hist. I', s.. vol. ;i, :(. \i. ;i(i4." eaO. BONDS inflated. L<»iixXIV. Tliekinir ^'ished to ,i,^ive one inoi'c of his irraiid festivals at Versailles, and ordered his .Minister of Finance 1o jiri.vide the money — t,(MM),0()() franes. The treasury wiis empty, and the credit of the '^{}\- crnment was ijone.' A royal hond of 100 franc s ■wa.s worth iW francs. One day when tlie minis ter was jiiieiiii^ his antechamber, considerini; how lie .should raise the siuii reipiind, he perceived, throui^li an o])en door, two of his servants look- iii!^ over the papers on his desk. An idea darted into his mind. l[e drew up tlu' .•(•heme of a /rrand lottery, which he i)r;'tended was desiunied to jiay olT a certain description of bonds. This schenie, half written out, he left upon his desk, and remained jdjsent for a considerable time. His two lackeys were, as he sujiposed, emi)loye(l by stock-jobbers to discover th(^ intentions of the p)vernmcnt with rcirard to the issue and redemp- tion of its bonds. They did their work, and at once the bonds bcii'iui to rise in ])rice, and went 11]) in a few da\s from tliirty-tive to eiiihly-Hve. When they had reached the price last naniell, aiul vere in active demand, the minister issi'.'d and sliiiped ujioii tlu! market new bonds cnou^di to i'urnisii him with the needful 4, 000, 000 francs. The trick was soon discovered, and the boiuls dropjieil t(j twenty-eight. — C'vci.oi'Kdi.v ok Bioii. J). 4(5.->. 621. BOOK, A great Gift. Prtrairh. [The first of Latin scholars in his day.] The mani- fold avocations of I'etrarch, love and friendsliii>, liis various corresi)()ii(lence and frecpient ,iour- iieys, the Roman laurel, and his elaborate coi7i- positions in ])rose and verse, in Latin and Ital- ian, diverted him from a foreign idiom ; and as lie advanced in life, the alla;'nnfnt of the Greek languages was the object of his -.n ishes rather than of his lio])es. When he was ab )ul fifty years of age, a By/antiiu; ainl)assad(ir, his friend, and a master of bota tongues, presciited him wili a copy of Homer; and the answe; of J'etr.arch is at !)nce expressive (>f liis elooueirc, gratitude, and regret. After ci'lel)rating the generosity of the donor, and the value of a gift inoie i)recions in his estimation than gold or ml le.s, ho thus jiroceeds : " Vour present of the aenuine and o.sal!:i [ of considerable lengl'i, . . . Iiut his indolence prevented him from pursuing it with that dili- j .uence which alone can collect those scattered facts, that genius, however acute, itenetrating, and luminous, cannot discover by its own force. , . . Vet nine years elap.sed before it saw the light. His throes in bringing it forth had been severe and remittent ; and at last we may almo-st conclude that the t'a'sarean oiieration was jxt- forined by the knife of t'lmrchill, whose upbraid- ing satire, 1 dare say, made .lolinson's iricuds urge him to des]iateli. " Jle for subscribers baits liis hook, And t.ikes your cash ; but where's the book ? l\o matter where; wise fear, you know, Forbids the robbing of a foe ; But what, to .serve our private ends. Forbids the cliealin.ir of our friends v" — BoswKi.i.'s Johnson, p. 85. 6*23. BOOKS burned. />'// llnnfimnn. FDiir- iiig the rei.irii of James II. and William III.] se- ditious, treasonable, and unliceiised book.s and pamphlets [were burned by the hangman at (hariiig Cross, by order of Parliament]. — IvNKiiiT's I<]N(;., vol. 5, ell. 10, p. 15H. 624. BOOKS, Dearth of. Eiif/lnnd. An cf- quire ]ias.sed among his neighbors for a great scholar if Iludibrasand Baker's (,'hronicle, Tarl- ton's Jests and tlu,' Seven ('hanii)ioiis of Christen- dom lay in lus hall window among the tisliing- rods and fowling-])ieces. Tso circulating library, no book society then existed even in the capital ; but in the ca]iital those students who could not afford to ])urcliase largely had a resource. The shops of the great booksellers, near Saint Paul'.s Churchyard, were crowded every day and all day long with readers, imd ji known cn.stomer was often permitted to carry a volume home. . . . As to the lady of the manor and her daughters, their literary stores generally con- sisted of a i^rayer-book and a receipt-book. . . . But during tlu^ latter part of the seventeenth century, the culture of the female mind seem.s to have been almost entirely neglected. If a damsel Iiad the least smaltering of literature, she was regarded as a i)ro(ligy. — >1.V(aui,ay's En(J., ch. ;}. 625. BCOKS, Divine. Z,h(lnd governors," any person posses.sing such books "shall be rei>orti'd and taken for a rebel, and .shall without delay be executed for that offence according to tlu; order of martial law." — Hist. OF Eno. People, ^ 680. 62§. BOOKS, Passion for. Dr. ILu-rfy. [The famous Dr. Harvey was attending physician to (Charles I. During the tight at Edgehill, at the commencement of the Revolution, ho withdrew under a hedg,-, took a book out of his])'icket Jiiul began to read ; l)ut he had not read long be- fore a bullet grazed the ground ne.ar him, and cau.setl him to renKjve.] — Knight's E.no., vol. 4, ch. 1, p. G. 629. BOOKS, Publication of. lientvirtid. [In 16()3] the number of master i)rinters in IjOiulon Ava.s limited to twenty ; no books were allowed to be ])rinted out of London, exce])t at the two imiversities and at York ; and all unlicensed ])ooks were to be .seized, and the jmblisher pun- ished with heavy penalties. — KxiciUT's Eno., vol. 4, eh. 17. 6SO. BOOKS rejected. By r>iblM,rK. Milton rould with difliculty lind a publisher for liis " Paradise Lost ;" Crabbe's " library" and other poems w'cre refused l)y Dodsley, JJcckctt, and 'other London ]iul)lishers, though .Mr. Murray many years after i)urchased the <'opyright of them for .t;:5()00. Keats could only get a jiub- lisher by the aid of bis friends. . . . " Jiobinson Crusoe " was refu.sed by one publisher after an- other, and at last .sold to nil obscure bookseller foratrille. . . . IJulwer's " Pelham" was at first rejected. . . . The " Vestiges of Creation " was repeatedly refused. Thackeray's " Vanity Fiur " was rejected by a magazine. "Mary Burton" and "Jane Eyre" went the round of the trade. Howard olTered bis "Book of the Seasons" to successive publishers. . . . " Unck; Tom's Cabin" could scarcely tind a ]>iiblisher in Loudon. — SMiLi:s' BriiKE BrxiUAi'itiEs, i). ,")i»»). 0:tl. BOOKS, Beligious. Sinnud Johnixm. T fell into an inattention to religion, or an indifTer- ence about it, in my ninth year. The church at Lichtield, in which we had a .seal, wanted repa- ration, so I was to go and lind a scat in other churches ; and having bad eyes, and being awk- ward about this, I used to go and rc.'id in the fields on Sunday. This bidiil continued til! my fourteenth year, and still I tind a great reluc- tance to go to cliurcli. 1 then became a .sort of lax talhrr against religion, for I did not much ^//«'/(/: against it ; and this lasted till I went to Ox- ford, where it would not be miffrvnl. Wlieii at Oxford I took up Law's " Serious Call to a Holy Life," expecting to tind it a dull book (as such books generally are), and perli.ips to laugh at it. Jiut 1 found liaw (|uile an overmatch for me ; and this was the first occasion of my thinking in earnest of religion, after I becanii^ capabU^ of rational iiKpiiry. — ISoswki.i.'s Johnson, p. i;5. 6.12. BOOKS, Scarcity of. Arje of (Jhn licmnnne. The low state of liti'rature may b(^ figured from the extreme scarcity of books, the subject.s on which they were written, and the very liigh es- timation which was jiut upon them by tlioso who pos.sessed them. The gift of a trifling man- uscript to a monastery of the life of a saint was surticient to entitle the donor to the perpetual prayers of the brotherhood, and a mass to be cele- brated forever for the salvation of liis .soul. A complete copy of the .sacred Scriittures given to a city or State was esteemed a i)rincely donation. The reputation of learning was (hen acipiired at a very easy rate. Extracts from the different works of the. Fathers literally transcribed, and often i)atched together without order or connec- tion, compo.se the valuable works of those lumi- naries and instructors of the age; ; nothing wa.s more common than those <'onimeiitaries, called " Catena'," which were illustrations of .some of the book.s of Scripture, by borrowing sentences successively from half a dozen of the Fathers, making each to illustrate a verse in bis turn. — Tyti.ek's Hist., Book (i, ch. !}. 633. BOOTY, Division of. Trojun Wrnii,i;hl liiiii Icick. ^('YCI.OI'KIIIA OH' I5l(>(i., p. (itU. ttita. BOY, A precocious. TliiiiilxtiirliH. [Tlic- iiiisii clcs, ilii' pnidcnl ircncrnl.l wliiii ii Itny, wiiM full (if spirit, 1111(1 lire, ipiicU nl' iipjirc- lii'iisioii, n.'iliii'tiily iiii'lincd to l)(>l(l iittciiipts. ninl likely to miikc a i^^rciit st.ilcsiiinti. Ilishom's of leisure ii 111 I vaciilioii lie spent, iiol, like other lioys, in idleness and play ; Iml lie was always in\ciil- iiii,' and eoinposiiiii; deelaiiiatio;is, the snlijeets of wliieli were either the inipeailiineiil or defence of soiiK' of Ills schoolfellows ; so llial liis master vmdd often say : " Hoy, you will lie notliint; coniinon or iiidilTerenI ; you will either he a Messini^r or a curse to the coniniiinity." — I'l.i ■ TAUCII. 0:t6. . The \cw luif/hiiid ('mi rant. A.i). 1721. {{eiijiimin | Franklin) . . .a lioy of fifteen who wrote pieces for its liuiiihle <-oluiiiiis, workeil in conii)osin!r the types, as well as in lirinliiii; off the sheets, and himself, as car- rier, distriliiited the papers to cusloincis. — Man- CHokt'h r. S., vol. ;i, cli. !Jlt. 6.17. BOY, A reformed, Ihui,! Cmchrtt. [lie ran away from home, and after two years' ali- wnce he retiii'iied on a winter eve. lie had a joyful welcome. | He :iow set at work in earnest lo assist, his old father, to wlioiii lie had not jriveu luuch lielj) or comfort, hitherto. Ii si.x m- 'tiis' hard work lie jiaid one of his lather's v. tits, wliich liad caused the old man much aa.xieiy. Tlieii lie worked si.\ months more to canci'l a note of ifii) which his father had ^.^ven, and lirouiiht it t(; liis fatlici' as a |)reseiit. >.'e\t lie went t,o work for sundry other moiillis, until he liad provifled himself with a sui)ply of decent clothes, ile was now nearly t weiiiy years of ajxc, and beiniT much mortified with his inability to read or write, he made a barji'ain with a (Quaker Bchoolmaster, a!,'reeiiiLC to work two days on the Quaker's farm for every three that lie' alteiidcil Li.s .school. He jiicked iiji kiiowledire rapidly, Mud after si.\ months of this arranireiiieiit he could read, write, and ci])lier sulHcieiitly well for the ordinary pur|)oses of life on the frontier. — • Cvci.oi'i.DiA oi' l>io(;., p. liti,"). 63H. BOY, Runaway. Jltiijuiii/n Fr(fid-Un. A.n. Xl'S-i \'e\ed with th<' arbitrary ])roceedititrs of tlie [AIa.ssaciiii,setts| assembly [which leijuired liis lirotiier's ])aper to be supervised | . . . indiir- nant also at the tyranny of a brother who, u.s a p.'i.ssionato master, often beat his apprentice . . . but .seven I ecu years old, sailed clandestinely for New York ; and, liiidin;;: there no employment, cro.ssed to Amboy ; went on foot to the Dela- ware ; for want of a wind rowed in a boat from JJurlinutoii to Philadelplii.a ; and bearing the marks of liLs labor at tlie oar, weary, hunirry, liavinjr ... a sinj^hi dollar . . . tlie runaway a]iprentice— i^reatestof the sons (jf New Enirland of tliat generation . . . stepjied nn shore to seek food, occupiition, shelter, ami fortune. — Ha.n- tltoi'T'H r. S., vol. ;5, cli. 2:j. 630. BOY, A "scientific." /.'«/»;•/ Striilnnxon. Occa.sionally Robert experimented . . . upon the cows in Wigham'.s enclosure, which lie elec- trified by mean.s of his electric kite, makinuMhcn. run about the field with their tails on end. — Smii.ks' Buikk Bior.uAPiiiKs, p. 'u. 640. BOYHOOD, Dull. Ollrrr Goldxmith. Ol- iver's education began when he was about three years old— that is • say, he was gathered' under the wingsof one < hose u-ood old mollier- ly dames, found in e\ viJIaure, who cluck, together llie whole calldw "d of the neighbor- hood, to teach them tliiir li lit is and keep them out of harm's way \pparciitly he did not much |)rotit by it, for she confessed he was one of the dullest boys she had ever dealt with, in- somuch that she had sometimes doubted whether it was ])ossible to make iiiiything of him : a common case with imagiiialive children, who are apt to be beiriiiled from the dry abstractions of elementary study by the jiieluriiigs of the fancy. — luviNo's Ooi.DsMiiii, ji. b"). 611. BOYHOOD, Humble. I'iz^in-o. In for- mer times the farmers of Spain let their ])igs iiiam in large droves in the forests, attended by a boy. who k<'pt them fniiii w.indcring too far, and drove tliem at night to an enclosure near home. I'i/arro, the compwror of I'eru, was ouo of these jiig lendeis when Colimibus discovered America in 14)t'J. He was then seventeen yet'ir« of age — a rude, touirh, wilful lad, ignorant of everything c.vceiit the manners and customs of the iinimals he drove. To his dying day lie could not write his nani(> or read a ,sentence. . . . Here was a strange jiiece of timlicr to make ti con(|ueror of — a swineherd, an illegitimate son. igiior ,nt, livin;: in a secludiMJ region, iind re- ! garded by his own father iis the meanest of his sciviinl ;."-('vci,oi'i,i»i N OK iiioo,, ]i. 8'il?. 6ia. BOYHOOD, Ingenuity in. Sir h i lis the original," He was dissatisfied, linwever, ' with his mill, because it would not work when there was no wind ; and therefore he addetl to it a contrivance by which it could be ke|)t in motion by a mouse. He niMde a wati'r-clock. I the niotive-iiower of which •• the dropjiing of I water on a wheel. . . , He cinistructed also a i four-wheeled carriage, jiropelled by the ])erson sitting in it. To amu,s(! his schoolfellows, he made very ingenious kites, to the tails of which ■ he atlaclied lanterns of crimpled jiiiper. which, lieing lighted by a candle, and sent iij) in the ; e\eniiig, alarmed the rustics of the parish. Ob- ser^'iiig the shadows of the sun, he marked the hours and half hours by'drivinu' in pegs on the side of the liousi-, and at leiiulh perfected th<; sun-dial which is still shown, — l'.\ii ro.N's Nkw • TON, p. T-'). 6451. BRA'VllRY in Battle. /V/w',/^.v. [When the itomaiis besieged and captured I'etni they : were met by \aliant men.) Of the Persian gar- rison, 7(M) perislK'd in the siege, 2:11)0 surviveil to defend the breach. One thousand and seventy were destroyed with tire and sword in tlu; last a,s.s,iult ; antf if 7:50 were made jirisoners, only 18 among them were found without the marks of honorable wounds. The remaining .')0<> es- c.'iped into the citadel, which they maintained ; w ithout any hopes (if relief, rejecting the fairest terms of capitulaticn and .servic,-, lid they were ' lost in the (lames. They died in obedience to the nUAVKItV 77 (tlllllONH ItliMK. ■nominiinds of tlirir inincc. ch. 4-J. eVi. . 2(),()00 (if/dinM/. 4(H),(MI(). [When llic P'rciich jiinl V'ciicliaii cniMiKliTH had !ak(!ii till' siilmrl)s ol' Conslaiilinoplc, their ziiil was lircd for ;ir ■iter licroi.siii. | \\y these (hiriiiu: achievements, a reimiaiit of 20, 00(( Latins soiieit- «'(! tile license of l)esiej>inir a capital wjiich con- tninetl aiiove 4()(). <)(»() inliaiiitants, ai)le, thouy:li not willinir, to heararnis in del'enceof tlieir eoiin- Iry. — (iIIiiion's Uomk, cli. (K). «I5. BRAVEEY, Brilliant. n.nilJnm'H. [At W'hileliaven llie harlior contained ;t(M) vessels] At (ia\lireai\, wiih two lioals and thirty one men, \\{' landed on a wharf of the town, pro- vi1>"» f. [In tlie lerrilile reverses wiiicb foiJowed Napo- leon, he met the .\llies at Afis.J A live sliell having fallen in front of one of his young bat- talions, wliicli recoiled and wavercil in exp<'cta- tion of an exi)losi(jn. Napoleon. V, /fj*si«ire them, sptirred hi.s cliarirer lli. \.\>. ITlttl. Joannes was Ihe first to cro.ss, and Napoleon the second. Lannes, in titter reck- lessness and desperation, spurred his maddened horse info the very midst of tlu^ Austrian ranks, and grasped a banner. Atfhat moment his horso fell dead beneath him, and lialf ado/en swords glittered ahove liis liead. With herculean slreiigth and agility, he extricated himsc'lf from the fallen steed, leaped Upon Ihe horse of all Austrian oflicer behind the rider, iilunged his sword through the liody of f he olUcer, and hurled him from his saddle ; taking his seat li(> fought iiis way back to his followers, having slain in tiie niejee si.x of flu- Austrians with his own hand. . . . Na[)oleon promoted Lannes on tho spot. — AmtoT'r's N.M'oi.ko.n H., \o|. 1, ch. 5. 649. BRAVERY, Fearless. ]\7//i>nn Tf. In 10!M» \Villiani was hunting in the New Forest, when he received a messa,i;'e thai Helie had de- feated the .Normans and surjirised the city of Mans. Without drawing l>il he galloped to tho coast, and jumjied into a ves.sel lying al anchor. The day was stormy, and the .sailors were unwill- ing to embark. " Sail instantly !" cried the bold man ; "kings are never drowned." . . . He wa.s .soon at the head of liistroops. — IvNKiirr's Knu., vol. I, ell. ](!, J). 2:!0. 650. . (ohmd Moultri,'. ,\.i). 1776. [The llrilish, under Admiral Lord Howe, wero |)re| .iring to liombard the liatlery on Sullivan's Island ill Charleston harbor, afterward called Fort Moultrie. Ten guns against one.] Cajitain Leniprier [said to the commantler :| " Well, col- onel, wliiit do you think of it now V" " We shall beat them," .said .Moultrie. " Th(! men-of-war," rejoined the caiifjiin, " will knock your fort down in half an hour." " Tlien," said Moultrie, " we will lie behind the ruins and prevent their men from landing." [He drove tla; Hritish away with a loss of only eleven men.]— li.\x- i uohT's U. S., vol. 8, ch. (5(). 651. BRAVERY, Heroic. Rohnt Ikirrenr. [At the taking of Cadiz liy the English in 1596, i'or'a time the result seemed doulitful ; but al thu critical moment the Karl of Essex threw his own s'andard over the wall. To save the honor of the ensign, each soldier tried lobe first in follow- ing it by leajiiiig down from the wall, sword in hand. Tin- town was taken by their valor.]— K.NKiiiT'rt Eno., vol. ;5, ch. 17, p. 2(5H. 6.VJ. . Rirhiird (lirni-mr. [In 1.59:$ \'icr .\dniiral Riciiard (Jrenville. with greatodds against him, fought Ihe Indian fleet of Sjiainfrom three in the afternoon to daybreak the next morning. He] was three limes woun^lcd during the action, in wliich he agsiin and again repiil.sed the enemy, who constantly a,s.sailed him with fresh vessels. At length the good sliii) lay upon the waters like a log. Her captain proposed to blow her up rather than surrender ; but the ma- jority of the ei-ew com|H'lle(j jiim to yield him- self a ])risoiier. He died in a few days, and hiit l;ist words were : "Here die I, Richard Gren- ^ille, with a joyful and (juiet miud ; for that HHAVEUY-HltlMKItV T Iiuvc «'ii(Icil mv Ilff iiH a true Holdlcr oii^'lit to ill), ll;rl<>in>; t'lir iijs cniinlry, imii'iii, I'l'li^iiin, iiiiil liniinr." — Ivniiiiit'h Knii.,*vi)I. ;t, ill. IT, p. 'Ml. 0A:|. BBAVERY, Pre-eminenoe by, ./ixiii irf Ari\ .loan of Arr, " an riitliiisiaMt lirrsclf, slii' lilli (1 a ilispirilcd solilirrv anil a (lt's|)airin>r pin plo Willi ciitlnisiasMi. 'rln' )iU'\\i srcrrt of In r Mirri'SH \vaH llii' ImiIiIiii'ms cif Iut attacks, wlirn 'iiilitai'y srirnrr ri'ivosfil upon Iih raiitiniiH stnit- ,.j^ry,"--KNIIilll's Knii., Vol. 'J, I'll, (t, p. H7. «5I. BRAVERY, Query of. Liiritliniiniiidiis. 'It Was rrniai'ki'il li\ j uiii' nl' tlii'ir aiuirnl kiii,L;s : " Tlir I, an I hi'H ion in lis si 'li loin iiii|niri'i| I lie iiiini lirr ol' tliiir riicinii's, lail the plan' wlicrc tliry coiilil III' foiind, " — i'l.riMK n's ('i,i;o.mim;s. «55. BRAVERY rewarded. I'lirmlixr. [Diir in;^ a liirn- lialtli' \^itll tlir i\liiiri'isliiti's| Ma- liomi'l was si'izi'd willi a siiddi-n t'aiiitinn' wliirli d('i)rivrd him ol' Ids sriisrs. IIi- soon riTovi rnl from till' swiMiii with a fan* all radiant with lio|ii'. " I havi' siTii till' Spirit ol' Ood,' .said hi', "with Ids war liorsi' lii'liind him. ilr was prr|)arinj; to roiiihat on oiir sidi'. Whoi-vcr shall liavi' fonniit, hravi'ly to-dav and dii'd of W')iiiids rcrrivcd in I'riiiil will riifov I'.iradisi'." — L.v.mak'I'inm's Trii KKV. p. 1(»H. ' Or»«. BRAVERY, Youthful. A'./V// -;/' Jniiws .11. Oni' of llic prosiiilicd Covi nanti'i's. o\rr- comi' liy sicknrss, had t'ound shi'lti'r in the house of u ri'spntalilc widow, and had dii'il llii'i'i'. Till' corpse was discovcri'd hy the laird (d' Wi'slerhall. a iiettj' tyrant. . . . This man jailled down the house of the poor woman, car rii d away lur furniture, and. Icninir )ier and Jier yoiinj;er children to wander in ihe fields, dra>r'i?ed iier son Andrew, who was still a lad, liefori Claverhoiise, who happ' /led |o Ik^ march inir throiiirli that part of the nnintry. Claver house was that day slraii/rely lenient. . . niitVVcs terhall was ea^'er to si^rnalize lii-i loyalty, and e\ torled a sullen eoiiseiil. The ffillis weie loaded, and the youth was told to |iuil his iioiiiiel over his face. lie refused, and stood confronlin/f his murderers wiih the IJible in his hand. " I can look you in the face," he .said ; " I liavc- done pothiiiir of which I need he ashamed. J?iif how "will you look in llait day when you shall he judiced liy what is written in this hook ';'" He fell dead, .and was buried in the moor. — .M.\( .m'- l.^y's E.MJ., cli. 4. 657. BREAD, Public Provision of, HmDiui.i. [Duriiii,^ the decline of the Koinaii I'lmpire.J for the convenience of the l,i/y |)lel)eiaiis, the monthly disirilailions of corn were comcrted into a daily allowance of bread ; a irreat nuniber of ovens were constnicted and mainlained at the public expense; and at the ap|)ointed hour each citizen, who was furnished with a ticket, as- cended the lliiiht of steps, which had been as- .sijrned lo his peculiar quarter or division, and rec;^'ived, either as a trifl oral a very low i)rice. a loaf of bread of the wei},dit of three pounds, for the use of his family. — (iIHHon's Jio.MK, ch. ;il. «5W, BREAD Question, The. Pnrcdcnce lo. [During the French Ue\oluiion hundreds of market-women, attended by an armed mob of men, went U> Versailles, to demand bread fd' the Natioii.il Assembly, there heinir ii j-^'eat destitu- tion ill P.iii< They entered the hall.] There was a discussion upon the criminal laws. A Hsh- woman cried out, " Stop that babbler; that in not the ipiestion ; the ipiestion is about bread." — KNiiiiir'.s Kmi., vol. 7, ch. I), p. ITK. IWO, BREVITY, Famous. .IkHhd Cumir. In the account he i;avi' .\iiiintius, oiieof his frienilH in {{oiiie, of the rapidity and despatch witli which he f^ained his victory, he made use only of three words, " I came, I saw, I coniiuered." 'i'lieir haviiiir all the same form and termination in the {{oiiiaii lanyuaire adds i^naee to their «'()n- ciseiiess. — i'l.rrAm Ms C.DSAlt. ««0. BRIBERY, Contemned, Sir fxn'ir S'nr- Inii. The duties of his otlici' were pelfol'llied by him I in the royal mini | with signal ability and pu- rity, lie was oll'eri'd on one occasion a bonus of I'tlOIMI fiM' a contract for the coiiiai;i' of the coj)- per money. Sir Isaac r. 'fused the otl'er on tlio ground liiat il was a bribe in ilisi,niiM'. Tin) aireiit arLHied the matter w itli him without elTect, and said, .it leiiuth, that the oiler came from " ii ixw.w dnclios. " The philosopher roiivdily leplieil. •■ I desire you lo tell the lady thai if she wa.H here herself , and had made me this olTer, 1 would have desired her to iro oul ol my house ; and so 1 desire you, or yon shall be turned out. ' — I'au- ton's Nkwion, p. H."). tfOI. BRIBERY in Court. /•'"/■ „iw»„.s. [In Hm Ed- mund Waller, once a famous ]ioei and member I of Parliament, was arrcsled as a coiis|)iralor in a |)li)t lo briiii,'' the kiiiL's troi>ps into the ! capital durinir the civil war. Aubrey .says ;] He had much ado to .save his life ; .iiid in order to do it sold his estate in Bedfonlsliire. worth ,t:i;«)() per annum, to Dr. AVriirhl, for i;i(),0(M) (much under value), which was procured in tweiilv-four hours' time, or else he had been nUIHEUY T9 liuiiKcrl, With tlii.>< nionry ho hriln-d the Houh*', which wiiN lh( tlrnt time ii I louse of ('oiiiiiioiis wim I'vtr hrilM'd.^lvNKiiiTH Knii., vol. 4, eh. 1. 0«5. ■ , Si;,(ch htdiiimtHt. [In ITl'J f-ord Oxforil Htii(l) the Scotch lords were ltowii so cxlnivii^'iint in their dciimiids, thai il was hii;h time to let lliciii sec they \ver(^ not so niiicli wanted as tliey inia^rined, for tliey were now come to e.\|)ecl a reward for every vote tliev pive. — K.MdIIT'rt K.N(i., Vol. T), cll. 21, I.. I'iSO. rovided lie was fur- nished with such sums oi' money as mi;,dit pur- chase .sonu! votes ; and liy him iiepui the pra( lice of huyiiii'; olT men. 'I'iie kin;? (William II1.( said he lia'ed the practice as nnicli as any man could do ; hut he saw it was not possihle, ciaisid- erin;? the corruption of the aire, to avoid it, un- less he woidd enilani^er the whole. — K.MOM'r's E.Nd., vol. 5, eh. 7, p. lOO. ««7. — . J)iikrofXrirr,istlr. (The Duke of Newcastle, one of the chief advisers of (Jeorjic II. in 1747, [ wis the most adroit and ex perienced tralllcker for seats in the Mouse of ('oinmons. He liouj;ht liorcaiirhs with a profuse employment of his own wealth, t,hal made his family power almost, iiresistilile. lie hou^ihl nicmlier.s with the secret -servic<' money. He cajoled; he prondsed ; and if whccdlinu and ly- in>; were in vain, he freely paid. This was New- castle's pecuiiiU' talent. He hutri,'ed the dirly work Ir his liosom as if it were the ;rreat, uiory of his life. He would share with no man the distinction of hrihiii"; for votes, — K.Moii'r's E.Nd., (I, I •3, «««. BRIBERY of the Needy, l-\n- h'mi.rmr. [In irdK, when the electors of (iermany voted tor an emperor in place of .M.ixinulian, dc ceaised, Heiu'y VI 11, of En^dand, Francis 1. of France, and Charles of Spain wire all andii- tious candidates for the vacant throne, j Each of these monarchs had briliedthe nee(ly elecloial l)rinces to an enormous extent. The skiKul nianaifcnicnt of Charles secured his unaMimmis election. — K.Niiiirr's E.no., vol. 2, c h. 17, p. ~:M. ««f>. BRIBERY, Occasion for. Sw,(/l Pui/. 'V\h\ comptroller of the mint (who was a priest ( Avas usually a johher of the rankest character. And all tlu; civil-ollicers were underpaid in their siilari<"4. Thcv all (1 to LM-anls d for their reward ; and Ihey all lived upon some thini? even hetter than exix'ctancy, for they all were hrihed. The secondary otllces were opeidy bou^jlit. There was small pay, hut lari^-e pecu- l.'ilion. Il was in vain that Eatimer cried out to the youn;^ Kini,? Edward, "Such as he meet to hear ollice, s"ek them out ; lure them ; ^ive them competent and liheral fees, that they shall not need to take an>' hrihes." . . . The hii^di ])laces of the law were those in which thc! hrilx^ was most re;;^ularly adndnislered. When IJacon fell in the next half c(nlury, for receivini,Oirilies, Iki followed the most api)ioved precedents, accord- ing to which chancellors luid chief-justices he- fore him miuntained their .stale and ennohled their posterity. . . . The hribery of juries was so common, that a man-killer with rich friends could escape for a crown jiroperly adnunistered to each quest -mon^fcr ; for .so the vendor of a verdict wa.s called. ( a i>. 1547.1 — KxKiiir'rt Enu., vol. 2, ch. '28, p. MVi. OrO. BRIBERY, Papal. Ah.vimhr VI. A|v. plication was made to the Pupe for a di\iirce [of Charles XII. from .leamie his wifej ; and Alex- ander, who was not a man to hesitate at any in- famy, provided he obtained his price, readily a^rreed to pronoiMice the desireil seiilenic in re- turn for certain honors and rewards to he con- ferred upon his son Ca'sar Morgia. — Sriin.Nrs' Fn.\N(i;, ch. Ki, ^ I p. 2M:i. «» I. BRIBERY, Periloui. Mhuii,!,,^. The sa- (•red war had now lasted ahoul ten yeiu^ ; and every campaiizn had ;ii\en a fri--h ac(|in'iiioii uf iiowcr to the darimr and the politic Macedoni ,m. The Athenian'^, tindini:' no ad\aiUai:e on their ]iai1, and heartily tired of ho,'^tililie-., w lii( h uave too much interru|)tion to ilieii' lavorile ease anil luxurious enjoyments, sent amlia>'«adors to I'hilipwilh instrui lions to m collate a liemral peace, Mill he hrihed the aliilias>adM|><. spun out till' iicu-olialioiis. and in the mean lime jiro- ceeih I ill the most vigorous pidseidu- oiisly to foster their hiiiid security. . . . Fliilip poured down like a torrent and carrieil ,ill he- lore him. . . . I'hilip hecame the arbiter of (Jrc'ce. — Tvri.t.it's llisr., lii.ok2, ch. '■>. iWi. BRIBERY, Reproach of. Jh i/,-is//hiiis. llarpaliis had the cliiiii;c ot Alexaiidcr > tieas- uri! in Habylon, and. tlallerinu' himself that hi; would never return from his Indian exiiedition, he gave into all inanner ot ciinies and excesses. At last, when Iw found that Alexander was leally returning, and that he took a severe ac- count of such peo|>leas himself, he thou;: I it prop- er to march off, with r)t)()() talents and tlOllO men, into Attica. [Note. ( ... As he ajiiilied to tlio ]ieo|)le of Athens for shelter, and desired protei'- tioii . . . most of the orators had an eye u])oii tlu! gold, lUid supported liisai>plicalion with all their interest. Demosthenes a I first advised them lo or- der llar|)aliis olf immediately, and lo be ]iarlicu- larh careful not lo iiivohc the i ily in war again, w illiout any jiisi or necessary cause. Vet a fewr days after, when they were taking an account of the treasure, llarpalus, ])ercci\ ing that De- mosthenes was much pleased with one of llio king's ciiiis, and stood admiring the worknian- ship and fashion, dcsiieil him lo take il in his hand, and feel the weight of the gold. Deino.s- theiies being suri)rised at the weitihl. and asking llarpalus how much it might bring, he sinileil, and said, " It will bring vou twenty talents." And as soon as it was night, he sent him tlu? (Ill) with that sum. For llarpalus knew well ciioiigli how to distinguish a iiian's ])assi()n for gold by his ])leasure at the sight and the keen looks he cast upon it. Demostlieiies could not ro sist the teni|itatioii . . . lie received the inoney . . . and went over to the interest of Har|>aliis. Next day he caiiu^ into the assembly with a (luanlity of wool and bandages about his neck ; and when the ])eo|ile called upon him to get up and speak, he made signs that he had lost his voice. I'poii which some that wen; hy .said, "it was no com- mon hoarseness that he got in the night ; it was a hoarseness occasioned hy swallowing gold and .sil'.er." Afterward, whcji all the peojile were} 80 in{im;i{Y-Hi iM>i\o. iippriiiscd of Ills tiikinu llic l)nlic, iiiul li<- w itiitcil to NpiMik in his own (Icrrricc, liicy woiilil not siilTi'i' him, lull I'liiHi'il II clainor, luiil cxprcHMil tlicir iiiilii;iiiitioii. At the •*n\nv lime hoiiu'IkhIv or oilier Ntootl iih Mini Niiid xneeriiii;l.v, Will yoii not, listen to ilie mini witli tlieewp V "— I'l.t • TAUCII. 6r:». BRIBERY rewnted. st< jih.n .1. /A'",'/'"". His ciireer in < 'oiijri-cMs preseiilsii Hiniiiire mi\l- lire of j: I 1111(1 evil. I believe ilmt lie wiis an ineorniplilile man, tlioiiirli no oin ever liad mon; or lieller elninces to ^aiii money unlaw- fully. Once wlieii lie wiiH eonllned to Ills room liy an aliscess, lie wa-^ waited upon hy ii million- tire, wli(» otVered to |i;ive liiin ii deeil lor two .iiid II half million uereM of land, now worlli )|;a(),()(Wt,(MMt, if he would merely nive up a eer tain cloeuiuent. " I jiiin|)ed for my erutches," Douglas Used to say in lellinj; the htory ; "he run from the room, am' I piv<' him a partinif lilow iii)on the head," — (.'v(i.<)n;i)iA iiK Ilnxi,, p. 2(K». «M. BRIBERY, Rojfl.I. Chorh- I f. Tlieloni; jiioro^'ation of the I'arli.'i.iient m Novemlier, lfl7r(, was II speeillc iirianp'ment hetweeii Charles I IF. j and Louis |XIV.|, for which the unworthy Kiiit.'' of KiiLNimd received ,'")(l(t,(M>U <'rowiis [from the Kiiijj; of France. | — K.nkiut ^ Kn(i., vol. 4, eh. -20. «r5. BRIBERY, Seeming. lin'nn ,,/ ('Innlrn I!. [liOuls XIV. sent corruption money to Knirliuid. | The most uprii,dit inemlicrof the country imrty, William, Lord Hus.sell, .son of the Karl of Heil- ford, did not scruple to concert with ii foreiirn mission schemes for emharra.ssiiifr hisown sover- «'ifrn, This was the wholes extent of Kuss( H's olTeiice. His princiiiles and his fortune alike raised him uliovo all t(>mptations of ' sordid kind ; hut there is too much reason ^^, helieve that some of his associates were less scrupulous. It woulil lie unjust to im])nte to them the ex- trcnu- wickedness •' tiikinj^ lirilies to injure? their i'ountry. On the. itrary, they meant to serve her ; hut it is impos.-.ihlo to deny that they were mean and indelicate enon^di to let ii foreiifn iirince pay them for .servinj^ her. — >L\(aui,ay'.s ']N(i., ch.2. 676. BRIBES rejected. Sa m v el A da in s. '■ Why," asked one of the Kiiirlish Tories of the Tory governor of .Ma.s.sachusetls — "why hath not Mr. Adams been taken olT from liis ojiposi- tion by an ollice y" To which the i;overnor re- jilied : "Such is the obstinacy iiiiil intlexible dis|)osition of the man, that he never would be conciliated by any ollice whatever." This was indeed the truth. Mis dauirhter, who loni,' s\ir- vived him, and with whom lixirnf iiersons have <"onversed, u.sed to say that her father once refused ii ])ension fMiiu the Mrilish (J(!vern- inent of .t;2()()() a year. Once, when a se- cret nicsseiiijcr from (Jeiieriil (Jiif^e threatened him with a trial for treason if he persisted in Lis ()p])()sition to the f^overnment, and iiromised him honors and wealth if he would desist, Adams rose to his feet, and pive him thi.s an- swer : " Sir, r trust I have loii;^ since made i:iy peace with the ICini; of kintrs. No personal consideration shall induce iik' to almndon the righteous cause of my country. Tell (Jovernor Oiige it is the advice of Samuel Adams to him no Innj^er to inmilt thi> fi-i'lln^^H of an cxuMner. aled p«i)pU',"— (!Y»'l.ctl«Ki>i.\ <»k Hioo,, p, '-':«!. 67r. BROTHEKHOOD acknowledged. Awri- run liiiliiiiiH, They In d tin bonds of brolher- liooilsudear, that a biniher commonly piiyM the debt of a deci'iised brother, and ii^sui'nes \\\h re- venire and his jierils. There are no iM-j^'^raiH anioiiL: them, no fatherless children uniirovided tor. 'I'he biniilies that (hc'll loL'ellicr, hunt lo- L'clher. loam toKcllier, Iiiiil to^etlier. conslilnlo a tribe. — IJ.v.NiiioKTS U. S , vol. ii, ( h. 2'J. 6T«. BROTHERS, Dlvi»ion between. Itomnhin iiiiil lliiitnu. I in I he roimdln;rof l{omellie| two brothns llrst dilTcred about the placr- w hcrti their lit w' city was to be built, and nferrimr tlin matter to their jrraiidfather, he advised them bt have it decided by augury. In IIiIh auK"ry Kmnnlus imposed upon Itcinus ; and wluin tlio foriMcr prevailed that the cilvshoujil be built upon .Mount Palatine, the builders, beimidlvidcd into two companies, were no better than two factions. At last, Uemus, in contein|)t, leaped over the work, n mI said, ".lust so will tho enemy leap over it : ' whereupon Celer >,'ave him II deadly bl.iw, and answered, " In this niatmer will oiir citizens repulse the enemy." Homo say that Homulus was ,so alllicled at the death ofliis brother, that he would have laid vioh'iil liaiuls upon himself if he had not been pre- vented. — I'l.tT.MtCH'H KoMt'MS. Wtn. BRUTALITY of Periecutori. Dr. How. biiiil 'I'lijihir. I At the slake) he would hiiTe spoken to them, but tlu! ^!:uard thrust ii ti|)- .stalf into his mouth. As they were Jiilin;? tho fagots, a brutal man cast ii fajfot at him, which w(auuled him so that tho blood run down his face. "O friend," said he, " I liave harm enouffh ; what need that ?" Let us draw n veil over his sulTerinf;s, and see only the jioor wom- an [his wife] who knelt at this stake to join in his i)rayers, ami would im be driven avviiy. — Kmoiit's I'Lno., vol. H, eh. ft. 6W0. BRUTEE, Immortality of. Sfimnel Jofin- Hint. An essay, written bv Mr. Deane, a diviiK! of the Church of Enf;l.iii(I. maintainiiifj the future lifi' of brutes, by an explication of cer- tain ])arts of the S( riptures, w:is meiitionc'd, and the doctrine i'lsistccl on liy a gentleman who seemed fond of curious speculation. . . . When the; ])oor .specniati.sl, witli a serious me'npliy.si- cal iiensive face, addressed him, " Hut real- Iv, sir, when we see a very sensilile doj^, we don't know what to think of him." .Johnson, rollinj; with joy at the thouji;ht which beamed in his eye, turned quickly round, and replied, " True, sir ; and when wi see a very foolish fellow, we don't know what to think of hiiii" — IJOSWKI.I.'S .loiINHON, p. iri.'). 6**1. BUILDING, Colossal. Cobmmnn. The amphitheatre of Titus, which so well deserved the epithet of colossal, . . . was a b\iildiiii;<)f an elliptic figure, live hundred and sixty tour feet ill length, and four hundred and sixty-seven in lireadth, founded on fourscore arches, and rising, with four successive orders of architecture, to tin; lieight of Olio hundred and forty feet. The out- side of the edifice was inerusted with rnarble, and decorated with .statues. The slopes of tho vast concave which formed the inside were filled and surrounded with sixty or eighty rows of Bi;il,l>INi'e ciitilrived with mikIi i'X(|idNite skill, tliiit eiieh person, wlielliiMdi the .leimtoriid, llie eiinestrluii, or till' pli'lteiilll ('rdcr.lirrivetl lit llin destilicil idiue witliniii iroidtle or confiisioii, Nutliini; wim "iiiilti'd wlii'li, ill iiiiy respt'il, ( oidd lie •-iili'^ei'- lelll lo Ilie eoiiveliiell«-e and idensiin I' the Np(<('l)ktorM. 'I'lley were prolectiil ti'oiii the him nixl ruin liy im niiifili; eniiopy, occiiHin/ially druwn over tiieir liemix. 'I'jie air wii- rniitinu- ally n ([■eslied liy the jilm iiii; ol loiii\i;i.ii and profusely lmpre;rniiled by llie /.M'alel rcci!! of Hromaties. In the centre of the eilitii e the urena, orstii^e, wi-; strewed with the (liii-«i .and, Ui'id HuccesMively ^iSMPmed the niosi (iitTereiil furmx. Atom; moment it si^'ined to rise out of tlu! earth, like ''le jjarden of the Jlesperides, Hiid Wits afterward hrokeii into the rocks iiiid caverns of TliriK c The suliterraneous pipes conveyed an iiiexhaiisti Ml Kupply of water , and wliat liiul just JH'lore apiH'ured a level plain ml^hl Ih! Hiidiieidy corivejteii into a wide lake covered with armed vessi I- nnd replenished with inonsters id' the dt-ep. |Fiirniture oi (.llvei . and of f^ohl, and of anilier. | — Gihuon's Uo.mk, ch. 12. 683. BIJILDINO oppoied. Il^'ign ofjuwfo II. [I>urin/z the Duke of iSionmoutli's rehellion in the West) the commons authorized tlie king to raise an -xtriiordinarysumof .£4(M).(M)() for his prcHeut neeessities. . . . The scheme of taxiiiif houses liilelj' huilt in the capita! was revived ami streini ously supportiid by the country peiitlenieii. was resolved, not only that such houses slm ..d lie taxed, liiit that a hill should Im; hrouglit in pro hiliiting the layiiij.; of any new foundations with- in tin; hills of mortality. '\'\w. resolution, how- ever, was not carried intoelfei i Powerful nii'ii who had land in the suliurlis, and who hojied In see new streets and .sipiares rise on their estates, exerted all tlieir intlueiieo against the project. — Macaiilav's E.N«., ch. r». 683. BUILDING, Ruined by. M'arrun CiutHHUK. ("nussu.s observed how liable Ihccitv wasto tires, and how freipiently hou.ses fell (lown ; which misfortunes were owiiij? to Uie weii^ht of the tiuildinL,fs, and their standiiif^ so close together. Inconsequence of this, In; provided hiin.s(df with slaves wdio were ciiriH'iUers and masons, and W(!nt on collecting them until he had upward of live hundred. Tnen he math; it his business to buy houses tli:il were on lire, and others that joined upon them ; and he (ommoidy had them at a low price, by rea.son of the fears and distress the owners were in about the event. Hen c, in time, he became miuster of a great part of Home. Hut though he had so many workmen, he built no more for lumself than one hou.se in which he lived. For he used to .say, "Thai tho.se who love building will soon rui' themselves, and need no other enemies." — Pll rAiicii's Ckassls. 684. BURIAL, Companions in. White Ilunit. Gorgo, whiiii wmn the eui* toll! which obliged all the i om|>aidoiiM. pirliap^ to 'he niindii rof twenty, who had shared the lib ei'iifity of II wealthy lord, to be binird alive in the same grave.- (JinnoN's Komk, «h. '»'ll 685. BURIAL quMtion(d. ( nmnnVH 'j'hey ^ive him a niiiunilii I'lii funeral in the old \bbey. wheie they had buried MlaUi iiiid the I'luii ctor's mother. Hut \\ bell Charles Stuart red riii>l, the bodies Were taken up and buried m Tsbiirii, the head of Cromwell ( \iiosed over \\\ -liiiiiisler Hall. The dastards anil the funis ! liut, after all, it is not certain that the Imily buried in the Abbey wii^ his body. In a rare ohl \nlunie we have — one iiundred and si\ty years old — it is eon- tidelitly as-i ited, on the aulb.irity of the niirso of Cromwell, thill he was piivately buried by niglit in the TliaPies, in order to avert the in- dignities which It WHS foreseen wmild be wreiil I'd on his body ; aid this by his ov\ n diri'c- lion. Otliir rumors assign anoilier ^jioi to hi« burial. Ah \\> !' ! it matters lillle. We know where his work is, and how far llin is biiiied. We see liiiii .ding then . ushcrinL; in a new rill e of Knglisli kings. — Hood'h Cku.mwki.i., p 2'J7. 686. BURIAL, Reipeot by. IhiKhfiihl. Nieinm happened to leave ilic bodies of two of his men who W(Te missed in 'arrying olT the di ad. Hut us soon us br knew it, he stopp(>(l his mrse. and sent a herald to the enemy, to ask have lo take away those bodies. This he did, though lhi man would »sk that as a fiM or which he could command. \icias, how ■ er, ch'ise rather lo lose hi^ laurels than lo leave two of his couatrynien unburied. - !'l,l.TA»(H. 687. BURIAL, Secreted. Ahirir. The frro- eioiis character of the barbarians j who invaded Italy] was displayed in the funeral of a hero whose valor and fortune they (!elebrate(i with mournful applause. Hy the labor of a cajitive multitude, they forcibly diverted the cour.se of the Busenlinus, a sinall river that washes the walls of Consenlia. The royal sepliichre, adorn- ed with the splendid spoils and Iroiiliiesof Rome, was constructed in I be vaeinit beil ; the waters were then restored to their natural channel ; and th(> secret spot where the remains of Alaric had been dejiositcd was forever concealeil by 'he in human nia.s.sacre of the prisoners who had been emplo\ed to e.xeeiile IIk; work. — (tiitnoNV Ho.Mi;; ch. ;i;5. 688. BURIAL, A Tyrant'u. Atlihi. [He died suddenly, from the bursting of an arleiy.] His body was solemnly ev nosed in |he midst of the plain, under a silken |)avilion ; and the chosen s(|uadroiis of the Huns, wheeling round in meas- ureil evolutions, chanted a fuiier.il soiil' to the memory of a Hero, glorious in liis life, invin(;ible in his death, the father of his jieople, the scourgo of his enemies, ami the terror of the world. Ac- cording to their national custom, tlu; barbarians cut olf a part of their hair, gashed their faces with un.seuinly wounds, and bewailed their vu- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ aai2.e |50 "^" Ui 1^ |?.2 m ..„ iii«2.o I Hi I ^ 1^ -•• HiotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET W«BSTER,N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 4^ /a «2 ul-sine«s-cal:\iness. linnt leader nfl lio dcservod, noi with thn trnra of ■woiiu.'M, but with the l)i()()d of warriorM. Tiii- remains of Attiliv were enclosed within l/uve roflins — of jrold, of silver, and of iron — and privately buried h\ IIk; ni!,dit ; the spoils of na- tions were thrown into Ids jfrave ; the captives who liad opened tlu; ground were inhumanly inassnered ; and the same JIuns, who had in- rgain." — SMiuca' Hkikk JJiocu.MMiiiis, p. !5;i. 690. BUSINESS, Joys of. ('iKtnnrty Jinme. [The famous brass clockmaker was made al- most dizzy, early in liis career, | by jin order from South Carolina for twelve clocks. When he finished his clocks and was conveying them to the appointed place in a farmer's wagon, he was ])erfectly bewildered at the idea of having so im- mense a sum as $144 all at once, and all his own. He could not believe that such good fortune was in store for him. He thought something would be sure to liapiien to prevent his receiving the money. But no ; las customer was ready, and slowly counted out the smu in silver, aiid the clockmaker took it with trembling hands, and cairied it home, dreading lest some robbers might ha'^'e heard of his vast wealth, and were in ambush to rob and murder him. — Cyclo- pedia OK Biocj., p. 21iJ. 691. BUSINESS, Nobility in. Enrihind. In an age of loose morality among the higher cla.s.ses, Burnet writes, in 17C8 : " As for the men of trade and business, they are, generally speaking, the best body in the nation— generous, sober, chari- table."— Knight's Eno., vol. 5, cii. 3, p. 41. 692. BUSINESS prevented. BoyroUing. Bon- ton Patriots. A.D. 1761). The people of Boston . . . were impatient that a son of [Tory Govern- or] Bernard, two sons of [Lieutenant-Governor] Hutchinson, and about live others would not ac- c<;de to the agreement [not to import tea while it was taxed]. At a great public meeting of mer- chants in Fancuil Hall, , . , as the best means of coercion it was voted not to purchase an)'thing of the recusants ; sub.scription papers to that ef- fect were carried roimd from hou.se to house, and evervbody complied. — Baxckoft's U. S., vol. 6, ch. \i. 693. CALAMITIES combined. Bcianof dluirUs II. London sullered two great disasters, «uch as never, in so short a time, befell one city. A ))estilence. sur])assing in horror any that during three centuries had visiteil the island, swept away, in six months, more than a luiudred thou- sand hrman beings ; and scarcely had the dead- <'art ceased to go its rounds, when a fire, such as liad not been known in Eurf)pe since tlie conlla- gration of Home imder Nero, laid in ruins the whole city, from the Tower to the Temple, and from the river to the purlieus of Smithlield. — Macallay's Eno., ch. 2. 694. CALAMITIES desired. Piif/nnfi. After the fall of Serapis [by the attack of the Chris- tiau«, in which the dismembered image was drag- gercssrd by :i deluge ; but were mortified to find a» last that the inimdiilion brought with it no other than its usual .salutary and fertilizing ef- f,.eis.-TvTi,Kii'K II 1ST., Book T), ch. 4. 695. CALAMITIES, Effect of. Ai((io>i/il. Eng- land was now inrolvedinawarboth with France and Holland. After several desperate but inde- cisive eniragemeuts, England began to perceive that this war ])romised nothing but expen.se and bloodshed. A plague \vhich was then raging in Loudon con.siuned above a hundred thou.sand of its inhauitants; a most dieadful tire, happening almost at the same time, had reduced almost the wliole of tiiecily to ashes; and amid so many calanuties it was not wonderftd that the warlike ardor of the nation slioidd '•(■ considerably abat- ed. A negotiation was carried on at Breda, and a jieace was concluded be.'ween the belligerent l)(!wersin 1(5()7. By the treaty of Breda, New York was sc'ured "to the English, the Lsle of l*o!erone, in the East Indies, to the Dutch, and Acadia, in North America, to the French. — Tyt- lek'sHist. , Book ti, ch. 30. 696. CALENDAR corrected. Jidiiin Cfpsnr. One remarkable and durable reform was under- taken and carried through amid the je.sts of ('iec- ro and the other wits of the time— the revi.sion of the Roman calendar. The distribution of the year had been governed hitherto by the motions of the moon. The twelve annual moon.s bad fixed at twelve the number of the months, and the number of days reciuired to bring the lunar j'ear into corre.spoiidence with the solar had been supplied by irregular intercalations, at the direc- tion of the Sacred College. But the Sacred Col- lege during the last distracted century had neg- lected their office. The lunar year was now .sixty- five days in advance of the sun. The .so-called winter was really the autumn, the spring the winter. The summer solstice fell at the begin- ning of the legal Septendjcr. — Fhoude'b C.ksak, ch. 25. 697. . Bogo' Boron. [Tha distin- guished Franciscan monk.] He ob.served aii er- ror in the calendar with regard to the duration of the solar year, which had been increasing from the time that it was regulated by Julius Ca>sar. He projwsed a plan for the correction of this er- vor to Pope Clement IV., and has treated of it at large in the fourth book of his " Opus ]\Iajus." Dr. .lebb, his editor and commentator, is of opin- ion that this was one of the noblest discoveries ever made by the human mind. In his optical works he has very plainly described the con.struc- tion and use of telescopic glas.ses, an invention which Galileo, four hundred years afterward, at- tributed to himself. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 1(5. 69§. CALMNESS, Christian. John Wesley. [When the mob were pulling down theliou.se of his lay preacher, .lohn Nelson, in the town of Bristol, he and his companions approached it .singing hymns, and the mob Hed before them.] Some of his finest lyrics were composed during CALMXEHS— CANOX. 83 the tumults so frcqtK'ntly rxpcricnrcd. lie often r('iinuU,"un(l one was " a jirayer for the first inartvr." — Stkvknh' .Mktiiodihm, vol. 1, p. 2();5. 690. CALMNESS of Discipline. Xii]ii,h,>n T. [Ilis enemies exploded a linrrel of jiowtler in the streets of Paris, liopinjf to destroy liini. IJut his carriaj^e had .iust jjussed it. J Tiieearriaire roeli- ed as on the billows of the sea, and the windows ■were shattered to fragments. . . . " Ha i" said lie, with perfeetconiposiire, " we are blown u|)." One of his comi)anions, f?reatly lerritied, thrust Ids liead throufjh the demolished window and called loudly for the driver to stop. " Xo, no !" said Napoleon; "drive on." . . . ^lore than thirty of these conspiracies were detected by tin; police. — Abuott'8 Napoleon J5., vol. 1, ch. 700. CALMNESS, Exasperating. SorniU-i. 1'hc popidaee, whom their demai^ojjfues had stronf,dy prejudiced against this great and good man, were aflfectcd by hi:-i defence, and showed marks of a favorable disjiosition ; when Anytus and several others, men of high consideration in the republic, now openly stood forth and joined the parly of his accusers. The weak and inconstant rabble were drawn along by their influence, and a majority of thirty suitrages declared Socrates guilty, 'f he punishment was still imdetermined, and he himself had the right of choosing it. " It is my choice," said he, " that since my past life ha.s been employed in the service of the public, that public should for the future be at the charge of my support." This trantpullity of ndnd, which oould sport with the danger of Ins situa- tion, served only to exasperate his judges. — Tyt- j.ek's Hist. , Book 2, ch. 2, p. 150. 701. CALUMNY, Instigated. Ma.rim>i.9 Fa- biii.1. [Wheii he was defending the Romans against the Carthaginian general.] Ilamiibal, to incense the Romans against Inm, when he (!ame to his lands, ordered them to be spared, and set a guard upon them to prevent the com- mitting of the least injury there, while he was ravaging all the country around him, and laying it waste with flre. An account of these things being brought to Rome, heavy complaints were made thereupon. The tribunes alleged many articles of accu.sation against him, before the people. — Plutakch's Fahhs. 702. CALUMNY, Opposition by. C/ixrlr:^ Wcx- ley. Mobs destroyetl the houses and injured the persons of early Methodists in Cork. , . . Twenty-eight depositions were presented to the grand jury at the assizes against these disgrace- ful ])roceedings, but they were all thrown out, and the jury made a " reniarkal)le presentment," ■which still stands on the city records, and which declares that " we find and i)resent Charles Wes- ley to be ii i)ers()n of ill-fame, a vagabond, and a common disturber of his ^lajesty's ]>eacL, and we pray that he may be transported." — 8tk- VENs' Methodism, vol". 1, p. 21^2. 703. CANDIDATE, A dead. Jhnild WchsUr. It is stated as a fact that many persons in Geor- gia, and including Robert Toombs and Alexander II. Stephens, showed their respect for the great expounder of the Constitution bj- voting for him after he was dead. — Xouton's Like ov Stk riiENs, p. 12. 701. CANDIDATE, A dignified, riiomnit J,f- ftTKiin. As Mr. .Jett'erson tlK'U held theotlice of \ice-president, he i)resided daily over the Senate, and thus lived in the nndst of the strife and in- trigue. Conung out of the Senate chamber one da}', he was stopped by Gouverni'ur Alorris, a leader of the Federalists, who began to converse; with him on tli(! alarming state of things around them. "The reasons," said Morris, " why the nunorityof the States arc; so opj)osed to your be- ing elected is this : they api)rt'hend that, first, you will turn all Federalists out of olHce ; sec- ondly, put down the navy ; thirdlv, wii)e oil the ])ul)li(! debt. Now, you only neecl to declare, or authorize vour friends to declare, that you will not tak(! tiiese stejjs, and instantly the event of the election will be tixed." Mr. Jetfcrson n;- l)lied. . . that he should leave the world to judge of the course \u\ meant to jiursue by that whicli he had ])ursued hitherto, believing it to be his duty to b(! passive; and silent during the preseni scene. "1 shall certainlv," continued Mr. Jef- ferson, " make no terms ; \ shall never go into the office of President by capitulation, nor with my hands tied by any conditions which would hin- der me from ])ursuing the ineasun's which I deem for the public good." — Cvci.oi'EUi.v ok liiou., p. 351. 705. CANDOR, Christian. Dixrumon. [At the first VVesleyan Coid'erence] it was asked, Should they be fearful of thoroughly debating every (luestion which might arise ? " What are wo afraid of ? Of overturning our first principles ? If they are false, the .sooner ^hey are overturned the better. If they are true they will bear the strictest examination. Let us all pray for a will- ingness to receive light to know every doctrine, whether it be of God." — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1, p. 212. 706. CANNIBALISM, Christian. Crvsntkru. They consumed, with heedless i)rodigality, their .stores of water and provision ; their numbers ex- hausted the inland countrv ; the sea was remote, the Greeks were unfriendly, and the (Jhristians of every sect tied before the voracious and cruel rapine of their brethren. In the dire necessity of famine they sometimes roa.sted and devoured the Hesh of their infant or adult Qaptives. Among the Turks and Saracens the idolaters of Europe were rendered more odious by the name and rep- utation ot cannibals ; the spies, who introduced themselves into the kitchen of Bohemond, wert; shown .several human l)odies turning on spits. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. TjH. 707. CANON, A great, rrhnn, the Founchr. [Cast for Mahomet II., in siege of Constantino- ple.] A foundry was established at Adriano- ])le ; the metal was i)repared ; and at the end of tiiree montiis Urban jjrotluced a piece of brass ordnance of stujiendous and ahno.st incredible magnitude ; a measure of twelve palms is assign- ed to the bore ; and the stone bullet weighed above six hundred pounds. A vacant place l)efore the ne'v palace was chosen for the first experiment ; but to prevent the sudden and mischievous effects of astonishment and fear, a l)roclamation was i.ssusd, that the cannon would be discharged the ei.'siung day. The explosion Wiis felt or hesird in a circuit of a hundred fur- 84 ('ANT-( Al'TIVlTV loners ; lli(! Imll, by the force of f^iinpowdcr. was driven ut)r)ve ii iiiile ; and on the spot wliere it fell, it l)nried itself a fatiioindee]) in tlicfrnmnd. For tli(! eonveyaiiee of this (leslnictive en^dnc, ;i friinie or carnii^e of thirty \vaf,'()ns was linked tof^elher and drawn alon^ by a tciin of sixty oxen ; two liiindred men on both sides were sta- tioned to poise mid support llie rolling- wciiriit ; two liiindred and (ifty workmen marc lied iMifore to smooth the; way and repair the bridjres ; and near two monllis were ein;il(>yed in a laborious journey of one hundred and til'ty niiles. . . .We may discern the infancy of tiie new sciiince. Under a master who counted the moments, the preat camion could be loaded and fired no mf)re than seven times in one day. 'I'lie licated metal unfortunately burst ; several work- men wen; destroyed ; and the skill of an artist was iidniired who bethoui^dit himself of preveiit- mfi tlu! (lanjijer and the accident by jiourinir nil, after each explosion, into the niduili of the ciin- non. — Giniios's l\uMh;, ch. OH, 708. CANT, Political. Sdmud JohiiKon. l?os- ■WEM, : " Perhajis, sir, I should be i he less hajjpy for being in Parliament. 1 never would sell my vote, and I .should l)e vexi^d if thini^rs went wrong." Johnson :" That's cant, sir. It would not vex you more in tlu; house than in the gal- lery ; public affairs vex no man.". . . Hoswki.l : " I declare, sir, upon my honor, I did imagine T Was vexed, and took a pride in it ; but it ?/■(/«, j)er- haps, cant; for 1 own I neiilier eat less nor Blept Ie.«.s." Johnson: " My dear friend, clcjir your mind of cant. You may Udk as other peo- ple do ; you may say to a man, ' Sir, I am your most humble servant.' You are not his most liumble servant. Y'ou may say, ' These are bad times ; it is a melancholy thing to be reserved to such times.' Y'ou don t mind the times. You tell a man, ' I am sorry you had such bad weather the last day of your journey, and were so much wet.' Y'ou don't care sixi)ence whether he is wet or dry. You may talk in this manner : it is a nifxie of talking in society ; but don't think foolishly." — Boswei.l's Johnson, p. 498. 709. CAPITAL, Coniervative. Cicero. [Ca-sar had been supersi'ded by the appointment of Domitius Ahenobarbus, the most inveterate and envenomed of his enemies, by the Senate.] A day later, before the tinal vote had been taken, ho thought still that the Senate was willing to let Cicsar keep his province, if he would dissolve his army. The moneyed interests, the peasant landholders, were all on Ca'sar's side ; they Oiired not even if monarchy came, so tliat they might have peace. — Fkoudk's (L*:saii, ch. 20. 710. CAPITAL a Crime. Jem. [In 1290 King Edward I.,] by an arbitrary exercise of power, destroyed the great money capitalists of the time. The Jews throughout En.trland were all seized on one day, upon a charge of clipj.ing the coin ; and ... of boHi sexes, there were tanged in London two hundred and eighty, and a very great multitude in other cities of England. Some Chri.stians were involved in the accusation ; and for most of them the king received ransom. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 1, ch. 25, p. 386. 711. CAPITAL, Spiritual. Indulr/rnrrs. The following circum.stances led to the trattic in in- dulgences. The lionian C^atholic Church main- tained that the saints, duri-ig thiir life on earth, had aceiiniulated a treasury of merit because of their "• I work ; that thev had doiK' more goml than thev were obliged to d'). This surjilus mi"-bl be" used for the beiielit o" sinful men who had aceoinplislied l:'ss i;-ood than was lUM-ded for their salvation. The 1'<>P«' 'lainied that he had received authoritv from (e.d to draw from this reservoir of merit, aial to ai>]ily it to \hus(: who had shown tlieiiisclves worlliv by their sorrow and repentance, liut soon sorrow and reiientanec; were dispensed with, and matters were satisfac- torilv arranged bv the use of money. Thusarose the so-called trallie in indulgences, which proved to be a source of great revenue to the popes. This was the case under Leo X., whh'on\s Friends. [At St. Helena.] The household now consisted of the emperor. General Bertrand, wife, and three children ; Count Montholon, wife, ami two children ; Count Las Ca.sas and son ; General Gourgaud, and Dr. O'Meara. There were also four servants of the chamber, three grooms, and four .servants ot' the table. These had all fol- lowed the emperor to his dreary prison from their love of his person. [Others wept because denied the opportunity to follow him by the Briti.sh Government. Ilis friends were treated as C.VPTUUE— CVSTK. 85 l)rLsoiii'rs as well iis liiiii.stlf.J^-AniJOT'r's Nai'o- j.EON H., vol. 2, . . . ill Toronto . . . hail liehavi'd hut little Intter. — lllDl'.VTHS IIlST., ch. T)!. 717. CARELESSNESS, Censure of. Sum ml Johnsiin. Though he u.sed to censure careh'ss- ne.sH with ^reat vehenicnce, lie owned that he once, to avoid the tro\il)l(( of lockinji: up live piineas, hid them, he forjrot where, so that he could not find them, — JioswKi.i.'s .JoiiNstix, p. 48.'). 71§. CARELESSNESS, Habitual. the foot of the Alps to the extremity of Calabria, all the natives of Italy were born citizens ol Rome. — GiiiBONs ]{omk, ch. 3. 723. CASTE, English. JialoHsy. The rise of the commonalty was always regarded with ex- treme jealousv {)y the born great. The servile literature before the days of the Revolution echoed this .sentiment. — KxuiiiT's England, vol. .5, ch. 6, p. 49. 724. CASTE, Hostility to. Louis Philippe. [In 179.') he travelled iiieonnito, with two other l)rinccs, in the United States.] At Winchester, in the Valley of the Shenandoah, a democratic inn- keeper turned them out of his hou.se because (one of them being sick) they asked the privilege of eating by themselves. "If you are too good," roared this despotic democrat, "to eat at the same table with my other guest«, you are too good to eat in my house. Begone !" Despite the in- stant apology of the Duke of Orleans, the land- lord insi.sted on their going, and they were com- pelled to seek other quarters. — Cvcloi'kdia op Bioo., p. .509. 725. CASTE in Judgment. Queen Elizabeth. [When Elizabeth was remonstrating in behalf of Mary Queen of Scots, she charged her am- i'i I ^1. «0 CASTKCATIIor.K'S. Imssndnr.s to insist Hint siil)jc(tM were iii)t to 1h' jiul^'i'sol'iisovcrci;:!! ;| it wiiscnntriiry to Script tire 1111(1 uiirciisoiiuhlc, timi tiic foot siioiild jwili;c tbd lu'iul. — Rnkiht's Kno., vol. ;t, cli. 1(1, |i. \'t\. raO. CASTE, National. Fimr/,. ] William I.,] tli(! (,'onc(ii('ror, and liisdcscciKlaiits to tlic foiiitli Ki'iK'iatioii NNcrciiut iMi;;lisliiiicii ; most of tliciii Were horn in Fniiii'c ; tlicy sjicnt llie fircatcr part of tlicir liiiK! in FniiHc ; tlitir onlinaiy siiccch was French ; almost every hij;h od'cc in their ^dft was lilled hy a FreMchman ; eve 'v ue- (Hiisilion which they made on the t'ontineiit es- tranged them more and more from tlu^ i)o|)wla- lion of our island. Our of the al)lest amons^ tliein, indeed, attempted to win the luirts of ]iis Enji'lish suhjects liy es])ousin,ix an Knglish ])rin<'ess ; hut hy many of his harons this mar- ria^'o was rei^ai'ded as ;i m.irriage between a ■white planter and ii quadroon j^irl would now be rejj;ard(!d in Viri^inia. In history he is known liy tlie honorahle surname of Jieauclcrc ; hut in Ins own time his own countrymen called him hy a Saxon nickname, in contemptuous allusion to liis Saxon connection. — M.\('.\ii..\y's Ksr... di. 1 727. . Kiif/liK/i. [Hei.'xn of James II.] No man of Eiiiflish hlood then rej^arded the ahorij^inal Irisli as hi-i countrymen. They did not Ix'long to our branch of "the great hu- man family. They were distinguished from lis by more than one moral and intellectual jiecu- liari'ty, which the difference of situation and of education, great as that diirerenco was, did not seem altogether to explain. They had an aspect of their own, a mother tongue of their own. When fliej' talked Knglish their ])ronunciation ■wa.s ludicrous ; their ]>iiraseology was grote.sciue, ns i.s always the phraseology of those who think in one language and exjiress their thoughts in another. They were therefore foreigners, and of all foreigners they wcih; the most hated and despised — the most hated, for they had, during live centuries, always been our enemies ; the most despised, for they were our van(|uished, enslaved, and despoileil enemies. The Engli.sh- man compared with i)ride his own fields with the desolate bogs, whence the rapparees issued forth to rob and murder ; and his own dwelling Avith the hovels where tlu; peasants and the bogs of Sliannon wallowed in tilth together. — Macaul.w'r Eng., ch. 9. 72S. CASTE in Parliment. Wor/ilcd Slockinfj/<. [In 164o there were] certain mean sort of peo])le m the Hou.se, whom, to distinguish them from the more honorable gentlemen, they called "Worsted-stocking men. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 4. 729. CASTE, Prejudice of. rarUamrnt. [At the second session of Parliament, under the pro- tectorate of Cromwell, only one of the peers who liad accepted the writ of summons took his seat. The Earl of Warwick could not be per- suaded to sit with Colonel ITewson and Colonel Piide — the one had been a shoemaker, and the other a drayman.] — Kkigiit's Eng., vol. 4, ch. 13. 730. CASUISTRY, Difficult. Mi'snionnry i/) the Indians. [John] Eliot preached against polyg- amy. " Suppose a man, before he knew God," inquired a convert, " hath had two wives — the first childless, the second bearing him many sweet children, whom he cxe<((liligly loves ; which of these is he to put awav v"— M.vnciiokt's V . S., ch. 'J, vol. 2. 7;n. CATASTROPHE, An appalling. /w/C/t- qiiuki. Noveml)er 1. 17."i.">. the people of Lis- bon were alarmed by that awful rumbling beneath the eiiith which, as they well kiK'W, i-su;illy preceded an eailh(|Uiike. iJefore they could escai)e from their houses the shock came, which overthrew the greater ])ait of the city, iind buried thousands of jiersons in its ruins. The sea retired, leaving the bottom of the har- bor bare, but immediately returned in a fearful wave fifty feet high, overwhelming everything in its cou'rse. The inhabitants wiio could get, clear of the ruins nwhed in thousands to a mag- nilicent marble wharf, just conij)leted, which .seemed to offer a plac(! o'f .safety. This ma.ssivo structure, densely coVv'ved with men, women, and cliildrcii, suddenly sunk, bearing with it to unknown depths the entire miillitude. Not a creature escaiXMl ; not a human body rose again to the surface ; not a fragment of anything that was on the wharf was ever again .seen by human eye ; and when, by and liy, the Avater Avas sounded over the place where it had stood, the de])th was found to l)esix hundred feet. Within the space of six minutes sixty thousand persons are snp])osed to have ])erished ; and tho.scs who survived were so enc()nii)asse(l about A\ith hor- ror, that they might av;'11 have envied thos(! whom tlu! seii had submerged or the falling houses crushed. — Cvci.oncDi.v okHiog., p. 30. 7,12. CATHOLICS, Disfranchised. Morula it d- frx. .\.i). 1()81. The prelates [in England] de- manded . . . an establishment to be main- tained at the common expense of the i)rovince. Lord Baltimore resisted. The ]{oman Catholic; was inflexible in his regard for freedom of wor- ship. The oiiposition to Lord Baltimore as a feudal sovereign easily united with Protestant bigotry . . . the English ministry soon issued an order, thatofheersof government in ^Maryland should be exclusively intrusted to Protestants. Roman Catholics were disfranchised in the jirovince Avliich tliev had i)lanted. — Banckokt's U. S.. vol. 3, ch. l4. 73.1. CATHOLICS, Justice to. Eiu/lMi. [Dr. Arnold plead for it, saying ;] It is the direct duty of every Englishman to supjiort the claims of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, even at the hazard of injuring the Protestant establishment — because those claims cannot be rejected Avithout great injustice — and it is a want of faith in God and an unholy zeal to think that he can lo served by inju.stice, or to guard against contin- gent evil bv comir.itting certain sin. — Kni(;ut s ExG., vol. "8, ch. 13. 734. CATHOLICS, Prejudice against, dith- olic. Rtlicf Bill. [In 1821) it Avas i)assed by Par- liament.*) It Avoidd admit a Roman Catholic to Parliament upon taking an oath, in place of the old oath of supremacy, that he would support the existing institutions of the State, and not in- jure those of the Church. It Avould admit a Roman Catholic to all the greatest offlces of gov- ernment, with the exception of Regent, Lord Chancellor of England, and Lord Chancellor and Viceroy of Ireland. All corporate offices and municipal privileges, all that pertained to the administration of justice, Avould be open tt) CATIIOLK'SM— CAVIL Roman Catliolics. P'rom all olflccs coniicclcd with the (Jlmrcli, with its unvcrHitics and schools, and from Chiiicii iiulronaj^e, they woidd be necessarily excluded. Conuuands in llie army and navy had been ojx'n to them before lliis measure Connected with the Hill of He- lief then? were securities and restrictions i)ro- posed. — IvNKiUT's Eno., vol. 8, ch. Hi, p. 2;i!i. 735. CATHOLICIGM, Benefits of. Knire to the fini',! of the revival of letters, tlw; ntlucnce of the Church of Home had been generally favorable to science, to civilization, and to good government ; but during the last three centuries, to stunt the growth of the hu- man mind has been her chief object. Through- out Christendom, whatever advance has been made in knowledge, in freedom, in wealth, and in the arts of life, has been made in spite of her, and lias everywhere been in inverse i)roportion to her power. The loveliest and most fertile provinces of Europe liave, luider her rule, been sunk in poverty, in political servitude, aiid in intellectual torpor, while Protestant coimtries, once proverbial for sterility and barl)arism, have been turned by skill and indu.stry into gardens, and can boast of a long list of heroes anil states- men, philosophers and poets. Whoever, knowing what Italy and Scotland naturally are, and what, four hundred years ago, they actually were, shall now compare the country round lionie with the country round Edinburgh, will be able to form some judgment as to the tendency of papal dom- iuat'on. The descent of Spain, once the first among monarchies, to the lowest depths of deg- radation ; the elevation of Holland, in spite of many natural disadvantages, to a position such as no commonwealth so small has ever reached, teach the same lesson. Whoever passes in Ger- many from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant principality, in Switzerland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant canton, in Ireland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant country, finds that he has pa.ssed from a lower to a higlier grade of civilization. On the other side of the Atlantic the sipj)i, and then to t!ie (Julf of .Mexico. Tin; purpose of tht! French, as manifested in these moveineiits, was no less than to dividi; the American rontineiit and to take Ww. larger ])ortion, to po-^-^ess the land for France and Calliolicism. For it was the work of the Jesuit missionaries. — Kidi-.vtii's U. S., ch. !J(). 7:iT. CAUSE and Effect. Smini,! .Jnhnikon. Of Dr. lliird, IJishoj) of Worcester, ■luluison said to a friend : " llurd, sir, is one of i set of men who account for everything systeinaiically ; for instance, it has been a fashion to wear scar- let breeches ; these men would tell you. thai ac- cording to causes and effects, no other wear could at that till) have been chosen." He, how- ever, .said of him at another \\\\n\ to the same gentleman : "Hurd, sir, is a man whose acquaint- ance is a valual)le aciiuisition." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 488. 73«. CAUTION reedful, Ahnilinn). Linrolii. "Well, you see," said iMr. Lincoln [to a visitor who introihuted the sul)ject of <'inancipatioii], " we've got to be very cautious how wi' manaire the negro (piestion. If we're not, we shall be like the barber out in Illinois, who was shaving a fellow with a natchet face and lantern jaws lik(! mine. The barber stuck his tinger in his customer's mouth to make his cheek stick out ; but while shaving away he cut through the fel- low's cheek and cut off his own finger I If we are not very careful we shall tlo as the liarber did." — Raymond's Lincoln, p. Vi'i. 739. CAVALEY, Formidable. El('ph,int». An amba.ssador from the Emperor Zeno accoini)anied the rash and unfortunate Perozes in his expedi- tion against the Nepthalities, or white Huns, whose conquests had been stretched from the Casi)ian to the heart of India, whose throne was enriched with emeralds, and whose cavalry was supi)orted by a line of two thousand elephants. The Persians were twice circumvented in a situa- tion which made valor useless and flight impossi- ble ; and the double victory of the Huns was achieved by military stratagem. They dismiss- ed their royal captive after he had sui)mitted to adore the majesty of a barbarian. — Gihu(jn's Ro.ME, ch. 40. 740. CAVIL answered, Ueign of Jumr.i If. [Session of the former memliersof the Houst' of Commons.] Sir Robert Sawyer declared thai he could not conceive how it was pos5>ible for the prince to administer the government without son'e distinguishing title, .such as Regent or Pro- tector. OldMaynard, who, as a lawyer, had no equal, and who was also a politician versed in the tactics of revolutions, was at no pains to con- ceal his disdain for so puerile an objection, taken at a moment when union and promptitude were of the highest importance. " Wo shall sit here very long," he said, " if we sit till Sir Robert can conceive liow such a thing is possible ;" and the assemblv thought the answer as good as the cavil deserved. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 10. t: I M 88 ('Krj:Mi{A ri:i)-(i:.NS()i{. _7JI. CELEBRATED, Marriage. (lriinih,>iiKi[t' Tiniiiiir. 'I'lic iimrriiific dl' six nf tliccinpcidr's j^niiidsnUH was islccnicd mi net of rt'li^jioii us \\ ell its of piiUTiiiil Icntlcnii'ss ; tind tlic |ioiii|) of the iiiiciciil caliplis \\,is revived in llieir iiiipliaN, 'I'liey weri' eelebraled in the ifaidc ns of Cani >;liiil, deeoraled willi innnineialile lenls and |ia- \ilionM, wiiieii displaveil liie inxiiry of a ^rreal city and tiie spoilsof a victorious eain|). W liole I'oresis Well' cut. down to supply iiiel for lin' kilclieiis ; tlie plain was spread w (ill jMi-ainids of meat, and vases of e\'ei'y lii|iior, to wliiili llion- sands of ^Miests were coiiileoiisly invited ; llie orders of llie stale i.nd the nations of the earth "were mafshalled at liie royal |pan(|iiet ; nor were 1h« amiiassadors of luirope (says the iiaiiiclily l'erMiiin)exelll(ie(l from the feast ; siiie<' even the riiKHCM, the smallest of tish, liial their place in the ocean. Tin; i)ul)lic joy was testitieil hy illiimi- nation nnd masiinerades ; the trades of Samar- «'and passed in revirw ; and e\ cry trade was enm- loiis toexeciite some (piaint device, some niarvel- Joiia i)an('anf. with the materials of their peeidiar art. Allertlu^ marriaixc contracts had been rati- fied liy tlic cadliis, the hridei^rooms and their l)ride.s retired to the nuptial chamhers: nine times, according totlie Asiatic fashion, they were dressed and undressed ; and at each chanuie of apparel j)earls and ruhie.s wen; showered on Iheir heads, and contemptuously abandoned to their attendants. A jfeneral indulireneci was jiro- cluimed : every law was relaxed, every jileasure •wa.s allowed ; the i)eoi)l(! was free, the .sovereign was idle. — Giuhon's Homi;, ch. t5.">. 7.13. CELEBEATION, Municipal. Cn„.',t,niti- iiople. As often as tlic! Iiirthday of the city re- turned, the stutiK! of Constaiiline, framed by his order, of nilt wood, and hearing in his right hand a small image; of \\w genius of the i)la 'c, was erected on a triumphal car. The guarls, furiying wLite tapers, and dollied in their rich- est aj)parel, accompanied tin; .solemn procession us it moved through the Hippodrome. VVlieii it was opiiosite to the throne of the reigning empe- ror, hu rose from his .seat, and with grateful rev- erence adored th(; memory of his j)redecessor. At the festival of the dedication, an eilict, engrav- ed on a column of marble, bestowed the title of Second or New Rome on the city of Constan- tine. — Giuhon's KoMK, ch. 17. 74.1. CELEBRATION, National. Ccntinnii/l. As the C'entennial of American Iiulei)endenee drew ne.'ir, tlu; jieojjh^ made ready to celebrate the great event with ai)propriat(! ceremonies, . . . but the development of the jjroject was discour- aged for a wliile with considerable opj)osition jiiul much lukewarmness. The whole scheme was a vision of enthusiasm, a Quixotical dream, said the critics and objectors. No such an en- terprise could be carried through excei)t under the patronage of the government, and the gov- ernment hail no right to make appropriations merely to jtreserve an old reminiscence. We had had enough of the Fourth of July already. Lesides — said the wits and caricaturist.s — the other nations would present a ludicrous figure in helping us to celebrate an anniversary of a re- bellion tiiat they had tried to crush a hundred years ago. Victoria was expected — so said they — to send over commissioners to heap contumely and contempt on the grave of her grandfather I liritiiiii, t))ith f'nt- lergy was tin; lead- )r in making the itional. Althou;;h .\o nation of Kumpe W(]uld consent to its own sliillilieation by jojping in the jubileesof Kepub- licaiiism. Mesiiles all this cavilling, it was fore- seen that I'hiladelphia would (piile certainly be I selected as the scene of the jiroposed display, and on that account a good deal of local ji o'.iUHy was excited in the other |iriiieipal ciliesof the Union. — KlDl-ATllS I'. S,, ch. r),s. 711. CELIBACY of Clergy. /"/•.'/. The eeiiliaey of the i ilig principle to be contended ( hureli Itoliiish instead of n: the strict canons of the ,\iigio Church did not recogni/e a married priesti I, the law of celi- bacy had ne\-er been rigidly enforced, especially among the parochial clergy. Their marriages were diseouiileiianci'd ; they were admonished or tlireMieiied. Ihit tlw lawdfiiJiturc; was trium- phant over the deereesof councils ; and the Eng- lish priests were not forced into those inimorali- ' ties which were the result of this ordinance in oliii'r countries. .Mr. Keinblesays; " We have an almost unbroken chain of evidence to show that, in spite of the exhortations of the bishops and the legislation of the witaiis, those at last of i the clergy who were not bound to a cu'nobitical ! order did contract marriage, and openly avow [ the families which wein; its i.ssiie." — Kniuut's ' E.Mi., vol. 1, ch. !). 715. CEMETERY, Saddest, f.oiidnii Toirev. The head and body were placed in a eolHn cov- j ered with black vl'lvet, and were laid privately under thecommnniontable of St. Peter's Chapel in the Tower. Within fiuir years tlu; pavement of that i'hancei was again disturbed, and hard by th(! remains of .Monmouth were laid the re- mains of .Ictfreys. In truth, then; is no sadder spot on the earth than that little cemetery. Death isthereas.sociated, not. as in Westminster Abbey and Saint J'aul's, with genius and virtue, with l)ubli(r veneration and with imperishable re- nown ; not, as in our humblest churches and churchyards, with everything that is most en- dearing in social and domestic charities, but with wiiateveris darkest inhuman nature and in human destiny, with the savage triumph of ini- jilacjible enemies, with the inconstancy, th(! in- gratitude, the cowardice of friends, witli all the miseries of fallen greatness and of blighted fame. Tliith<'r have been carried, through succes.sive iiges, by the rude hands of jailers, without one; mourner following, the bleeding relics *of men who had been the captains of armies, the leaders of parties, the oracles of senates, and the orna- ments of courts. — .M.\(ailay's Eng., ch. 5. 7-16. CENSOR, Official, llman. [Words of the Emperor Decius. ] As soon as the decree of the Senate was transmitted to the emperor, he as.semble(l a great council in his camp, and be- fore the investiture of tin; censor-elect he ap- jirised him of the dilHciilty and importance of ids great oflice. "Happy Valerian," .said the l)rince to his distinguished subj<'ct, " hapjij' in the general approbation of the Senate and of the Koman republic ! Accept the censorship of man- kind, and judge of our manners. You will .se- lect those who deserve to continue members of the Senate ; you will restore the e ' iind iiillnitc iniilliliidc of citi/ciis. nml iicciiniti' ly vi(!\v tlic iiiililiiry Nln'iii;tli, llic wciillli, tlic virliic, mill llir rcsoiircrH ol' I{nmr. ^'mir dcci- sioiiH sliiill oliliiiii the I'di'd' of liiu.t. Till' army, tlic i)al,i(c', ilic ininisicrHof jiisiici', mid llii' irrciit otllccrs of llic empire arc nil siilijccl to your Iri- lilinal. Monc are exeliipled, exceplilin' only the ordiiiarv coiisnls, tlic prefect of llie city, llic kiii;]f of llie sacriliccs, and (as loni,' an slic pre- t„. IHe vetoed the bill to lecharler the Maiik of the I'niled States, an(l| ordered the aciumulaled funds, amounting to tiboul ten millions, to bedis- tribiiled among cerl.'iin State banks. , . , He had no warrant of Ia\t . . . he was denounced . . . arltilraiy, dangerous. In the Senate a pow- erful coalition, he.ided by ('mIIiouii, Clay, and Web. ter, was formed against the I'resideiit. . . . A resolution (■eiisuriiii;' his conduct was . . .car- ried : but a similar proposition failecj in the Hou>e of {{epreseiltalives. 'I'liere was a general <'ry of indignation, and it seemed as if the I'nwident, Would be o\'erwhelmed ; but the President, e\'er as fearless as hi' was self willed and stubborn, held on his course unmoved by the clamor. 'I'he resolution of censure stood upon the Joiiniid n( the Senate for four years, a'ld was Ihen cxpuiig- (d. — itiDi'.vTiiV' I'.S., ch. ,A. 750. CEREMONY, Comedy of. Cmrf. Port- land, theambiissador for William IlI.,Hi!)H, niado his public entry into I'aris on the !Mli of .March. He disputes with "the conductor of ambassii- dors" idioiit matters of etii|Uelte. " In my ca.se," he says, " diHieulties liave been raised on every conceivable jioiiit ; and as I do not understand tlu! ceremonial I am einbarrasscil by them, and can only meet them with obstinac\', which is here rather indisiieiisable." Comedy cannot imagine a richer scene than the liurly Dutchman refusing to come from the top of his stiiirease to meet the rei)resentativeof the Duchess of Burgundy, who refused to go inori! than half way nj), " messen- gers passing backward and forward between us." — K.nkuit's Kn(!., vol. r>, ch. ];j, p. 'iW. 751. CEREMONY, Dislike for. Napolmn /. [He had been crowned emperor with gorgeous display and grand ceremony. | He hastened to his room and exclaimed impatiently toan attend- ant as he entered, " Oil' ! off with these confound- ed trappings!" He threw the mantle into one corner of the room, the gorgeous robe into anoth- er, and thus violently diseucumberinghim.self, de- clarijil that hours of such mortal tedioiisness ho had never jia.ssed before. — Aiiuott's Nai'omcon Ii., vol. 1, ch. m. 752. CEREMONY, Slaves of. Rniinltn. Tn the Byzantine ])alacellie emperor was the (irst slave ot the ceremonies which he ini]iosed. and the rig- id forms which regulated each word and gesturi! besieged him in the iialace, and violated the lei- sure of his rural solitude. — (iiiiiioNs 1{u.mk, cli. o3. 753. CHALLENGE, A dangerous. J/irnsion of Pi'iinxi/lnuiiii. At Chambersburg . . . one female had seen tit to adorn her ample bosom with a huge Yankee Hag, and she stood at the door of her house, her countenanceexpressing the great- est contein])t for the barefooted Hebs ; several companies passed her without taking any notice ; but at length a Texan gravely remarkeil, " Take care, madam, for Hood's boys [from Te.xus, Alabama, and Arkansas] arc great at storming breastworks when the Yankee color is on them." After this speech the patriotic lady beat a Jire- cipitate retreat. — Pollaku's Skcond Yi;au ok the Wau, p. 337. 754. CHALLENGE, Offered. Iln-olutionari) War. [In Florida British troopers] summonctl the fort at Suubury to surrender. But when il: 1^ 00 ("nALLENOE-CHAUACTKIl. Colonel Miu'kintosh iiiiswiTcd. " Coiiif and tiikc It," tlicy rctrciitfd. — MancuoI'T's U. S,, vol. 10, cli, i:». 755. CHALLENGE, Political. /.inr„hi — I)»ii;/- Ian. A.n. 1H.">H. Jtdtli s|>ok(! in SpriiiKtlfld on tilt" saiiio day, liiit Ix'forc dilTciciit audiences . . . Mr. Lincoln addressed a letter to Mr. IS. A.| l)oii>;la8, challen^tinj; him to a series of (legates ^ the canipai^rn. Tlie cliallenire was ae ♦•epted, and arran>;enients w<'reat once made for tlie me(!tin;;s. Seven joint dehales were held . . . land I hey) raised lhe;,''reatesi e.v.itement throii^^ii- out the Slate. — Hav.mond's JiiNcoi.N, eh. "i, p. \i. 750. CHALLENGE, Royal. .lAr/vW Thnrm. [Frederick 11. declared \va,-. Her father had receiitlv died. J In the midst of distress and peril she had f.Mveii hirth to a son, afterward the EiniM'ror .losiph II. Scarcely had she risen from her couch when shi^ hastened to Presshiir;,'. 'I'liere, in the sJLrht of an innu- nierahle multitude, sIk! was crowned \vilh the crown anil rolled with the rohe of S;. Stej)hen. No spectator could refrain his tears when the beautiful youn^' mother, still weak from child- liearinp:, rode, after the fashion of her fathers, up the Mount of Detiance, unsheathed the ancient sword of atiite, shook it toward north and south, cast and west, and, with a ;,dow on her pale face, challenged the four corners of the world to disjmte her rifrht.' and tho.se of her luiy. — Macaui,.\y's Fhkdickk k tuk (ikkat, p. ;i.l. 757. CHALLENGE, Unaccepted. Alcxi>t.t Com- vfiivH. [(Jreek emperor — time of the crusades.] lli^h on his throne, th(! emperor .sat nnito and iminovahle ;. his Majesty was adored hy the Latin princes, and they submitted to kiss either his feet or his knees — an inditfnily which their own writers i'.re ashamed to confess and unable to deny. . . . Hut a French baron (he is .lupposed to \^^i liolu^rt of I'aris) presumed to ascend the throne, and to place himself by the side of Alex- ias. The sa^e reproof of Haldwin provoked him to exclaim, in his barbarous idiom, " Who is this rustic that keeps his seat, while .so many ■valiant captains are .slandini,'round him?" The emperor maintained his .silence, di.ssembled his in- dignation, and questioned his interpreter con- cerning the meaning of the words, which he partly suspected from the indver.sal language of gesture and countenance. Hefore the (departure of the i)ilgrims ho endeavored to learn the name and condition of the audacious baron. " I am a Frenchman," replied Robert, " of tiie jiurest and most ancient nobdity of my country. All that 1 know is, that there is a church in my neigh- borhood, the resort of those who are desirous of approving their valor in single combat. Till an enemy appears, they address their prayers to God and Ilis saints. That church I have fre- (juently visited. But never have I found an an- tagonist who dared to accept my defiance." Alexius dismissed the challenger with some jiru- dent advice for his conduct in the Turkish war- fare. — Gibijon'8 Rome, ch. 58, p. 573. 75§. CHANGE, A life. Tjonola. It was dur- ing the siege of Panipeluna by the French . . . that a young officer of Guipuzcoa, actively engaged in conducting the defence, re- ceived a severe wound which confined him for many weeks to his bed, an occurrence which proved the turning point of his subseciuent ox- I raordinarv career. I'his gallant soldier, .soon to reappear lipon H'"' ^•"'ii'' 1" '^ ^''''y dillVrent and far more intluential chanicter, was none other than Ignatius l.cvolii, foimder of the Order of .Icsns.— Sti DiiNTs' FnA.N( !■;, ch. 11, S 5, p. iiOO 75ft. CHANGE of Sirtei. " liohhiun John." .Ichn Krskine, Karl of .Mar, who came to Kdin- burgh MS Secretarv of Suite in 17(»tenl nature she drew from Anne Hole> ii. — lli>r. OK Knoi.isii I'l.olUI'. :i(». TO'I CHARACTER, Diioipline of. Cronnnf/:, Hiililiiis. Nor would it bi' safe, in our time, to tolerate in any rei^imenl reliirious meetinijs, ai which a corporal versed in scri|)ture should lead the devotions of his less j;ifted colonel, and ad- monish a baekslidim; nia.jor. liut such was the intellii^ence, the ),fravity, and the self command of the warriors whom Cromwell had traineil, that in their camp a political oruani/.ation and a relifjious orirani/.alion coidd i'.\i>.t without de stroyinj; military ori,nini/.alion. The siuTie men \/ho, off duty, were noted as dema!;o;rues and liold-preaeliers, were di^linL^uished by steadiness, by the s])irit of order, and by |)rompl obedience on watch, on drill, and on tlie Held of battle, — Macaui.ay'm En(i., ch. 1, 705. CHARACTER dlscloseJ. Sumud .l^hn- son. UoswKi,!, : " .Mr. IJurke has a constant Htrcam of conversation." Johnson : " Yes, sir ; if a man were to ^o by chance at the same time with Murkeundera shed, to simn a shower, lie wouKl say, ' This is an extraordinary man.' If IJurke .sliould j^o into a stabler to see his li'orsi- (Ire.ssed tii(! ostler would say, ' \Vu liave had an extraordinary man here. ' " Hohwki.i, : " Foote was a man who never failed in conversation. If lie iuid gone into a slalile — " Johnson : " Sir, if he liad. gone into tlii! stable, the ostler would have said, llcro has been a conucal fellow ; but lie would not have respecteil him." — Uoswki.i/s JOIINHON, p. ■Al. 766. CHARACTER, Elevation of. A risUilcH thr JuKt. AVlieii the chief command of tlie war was given to Athens, a new .system was established with regard totlu^ contril)utionsof tin; confeder- ate States, trusting no longer to contingent and oocii.sional supplies or free gifts. The subsidies to be levied from each were to be exacted in pro- portion to its means, and the revenue of its ter- ritory ; and a common treasury was appointed to be kept in tlie Isle of Delos. The high cliar- aoter of Aristides was exemiilitled in the im]>or- tant and honorable trust with w hicli lip was in- vested by the common consent of the nation. It appears that not only the custody of tin; nation- al supplies, but the power of fixing their propor- tions, was conferred on this illustrious man : nor was there ever acomjilaint or murmur heard against the ecpiitv Avith which this high but in- vuliou.s function was administered. The best testimony of his virtue was the strict frugality of his life and the honorable jioverty in which he died.— Tytlku's Hist., Book 2, ch. 1, p. 1:58. 767. CHARACTER estimated. ('mnvri'U's. It cannot be doubt(!d that the estimate of his char- acter will always be formed, not merely from sympathy with a certain set of opinions, hut even more from that strange, occult, and un- definable sentiment which, arising from pecu- liarity of temperament, becomes the creator of intellectual and even moral appreciation. Hence there are those to whom, wliatevcr may be tlm amount of evidence for Ids purity, Cromwell can only be hateful ; while there are others, ai^'idn. to whom, even if certain flaws or faults III character appear in him, he can only he ad- miiable. — IIooii'h CitoM wi;i,l,, t h. I, p, V!. 76M. CHARACTER, Foundation for. (Iirmiinn. Now, "in two remarkable trails the (iermans dilTered from the Saniutic as well as from the Slavic naliiiMs, and. indeed, from all thosr other races to whom the Oreeks and Uomans \^\\\{> the designiiiiun of barbarians. I allude to their |ier- sonal freedom and reganl forth,' rights i .' nieii ; secondly, to the resjieet paid by them to the female sex, and tlie chastity for w hieh the latter were celebrated among the people of the North. These were the founilalioiis of that probity of character, self-respect, and purity of nianners which may be traced among the (Jermans and ( Jotliseven (luring pagan times, and w hieji, w lien their sentiments were eidighteiied by Christiati- ily, brought out those spleninion of Thomas Carlyle. I " I wilhall this liUther a true great man, great in intellect, in courage, alVeeiion, and integrity, one of our most lovable and precious men. (Jreat not as a liewn olielisk, but as lui Al|>ine mountain, so simple, lionesi, spontaneous, not setting up to Ik,' great at all ; there for (|uite imother puri)o.so than being great ! Ah, v<'s, unsubdiiable granite, piercing far and wide into the heavens ; yet in the clefts of it fountains, green beautiful valleys with flowers ! A riglit spiritual Hero and Prophet ; once more a trut; .son of Nature and Fact, for whom these centuries and many that are to come yet will be thankful to heaven." — Hkin's hiTiiKii, ch. m, p. 20(1. 770. CHARACTER, Grotesque. I'oil s/irUn/. To the world lui presented the rare spectacle of a man passionate for truth and unreservedly obe- dient to the right as he discerned it. The anom- aly which maiUi his practical career a failuro lay ,iust here. TIk- right he followed was too f)ften the antithisis of ordinary morality ; in his desire to cast away the false and grasp the trm.', li(! overshot the mark of prudence. The lileiid- iiig in him of a i)ure tmd earnest jMiiinse with moral and social theories that could not but have ]>roved pernicious to mankind at larg<', pro- duced at times an almost grote.s(|ue mixture in his actions no less thtm in his ver.se. We can- not, tlierefo'-e, wonder that soeietv, while he lived, felt the necessity of asserting itself ngaiusi him. — SvMoNos' Siii:i,i,kv, ch. H. 771. CHARACTER, Inherited, Amrvii'iiiin. \\y the middle of the eighteenth century the American colonies had, to a certain extent, as- sumed a national character ; but they were still strongly marked with the jjeculiarities which tlieir ancestors brought with them from Europe. In New England, especially in ^lassachu.setts imd Connecticut, the principles and practices of Puritanism still held universal sway. On the lianks of the Hudson the language, manners, and customs of Holland were almost as preva- lent as they had been a hundred years before. By the Delaware the Quakers were gathered in such numbers us to control all legislati>,^n and to !»•.' ( IlAUACir.lt ( IIAItll'V prcvctlt .si-'IniM IlinriVlllioim M|inri the silll|i|c iiii'IIkiiIh III ii\iltinil suciiil nruimi/iilimi liiim • liiccil Ky I'iriii. Oil till' iinrihi'i'ii Imiik of llir | I'l.lnlimr, till' ymilliriil riciiciii U, llli'>ixlll IjHiI Jliilliiniiir. 11 iilMplciiiM mill iJI'.Miliiii' jidvi'innr, nilnl II |ii'ii|i|i' w JKi still (MiiI'Mriiircl til till' niihr { I'f lliiiii;-, ('-.iiililislii'il a liiiiiilrnj nnil tlilily yciir-t iiri'viiMi^ly liy Sir (}iiii-iri. iiiiil Ci'iil Ciilvrrt'. Ill I v'lr;:iiiiii iiiuiliir ol ,-.liil('s uinl stiili'snicii- tlir pi'l ihr I'lslalilisli'd Chiircli. Those I'roti'staiils who had stood l>y liini in Ids dilllciiltics, and \vlio still clH'rishi-il nil afTcctionaii' rcincinlirancc ol' hini, must, he filled with shame and iiidi;;'niilioii liy leariiiii;^ that, his whole life; had lieeii a lie ; iliat. while he prol'essi'd to lielon;^ to their ('omniiinion, I'e hud really rcirarded tlieiii as heretics ; and iliai till! dema,!,foL,nies who hud represented him as :i conceuh'd papist had been the only people who hud rornied a correct JMdi,'m('iit of his cli.iracler. — .MACAn.Av'rt JOiio., cli. (I, p. -10. 77». CHARACTER moulded by Theology. Croiiiinll. Cromwell was all that \\(' include in the term I'uritan. ilis whole laihlir life wus the result of tiiat inentul experience by which his faith was inoulded. In him there wus a pro- found reverence for the Itiw of (, in Mis iudicioiis advice to his SUM. . . . ili^linL:ui--lM's the station of a Komaii prince fiom Dial of a raiiliian inoniirch. Virtue was iii'cessary for the one ; liirlh might siilllce tor the other". .Mii.m \n, in Oiiiiion'k Uo.mk. 77«. CHARACTER, Trifling. < I r <■ ,■ I,- ». The wariiilh III the i liiii.ile di'^posed llie natives of Aniiorli to the most inteinperuti enjoyment of traiii|uillily and opulence ; and the lively liceti tioiisness of the (ireeks wus blended will) the heredil.'irv softness of the Syrians. l''ushion wus Ilie only law, iileasiire the only pursuit, and the splendor of (iriss and fiirniiure was the only distiiiclion of the eili/i'iis of .Viitiiieh. The arts of luxury were hiiiioied : the serious and manly virtues were the siilijeit of riili<'nli' ; iind the contenipt for female iiioilesly mid reverent iign iiiinoiinci'd the universal corruption of the ('iip- ilal of tlie Must, The lo\e of spectucles was the lasle.or rather passion, of the Syrians — the most skilful artists were procured fioni the iidjac'iit cities; a c^illsiileiable share of. tlii' revenue V.lis de\'oli'd to thi public uniusements ; and the mugniliceiice of the gunies of the tlieatic and circus was considered us the happiness and ii.s the glory of .\niiiicli. — (iiniins's |{omi;, ch. 24. 777. CHARITY for the Dead. Ilolinuhrohr. The great Duke of .MMilboniugh iiiid the first Lord ISolingbroke were in opposite political in- terests, and were consciiuenlly, on most occa- sions, riinged iigainst eu( h other. Some gentle- men, after the duke's decease, were canva.ssing his ch.'iracter with much severity, and particu- larly chargeil him with being excessively ava- ricious. At length they appealed for the truth of their statemeiils to Lord liolingbroke, who was one of the compuny. This nobleman, with a generosity which did him real honor, an- swered: "The l)uke .if .Marllioroiigh was so great a man that I (|iiite forget his fuilings." 77». CHARITY distrusted. Joseph IT. Jo- seph II., walking one day . ."j.'iS. V*»0. CHARITY, wise, ./..//// /A. /r,nv/. Iiitiim-* fif Si iirrily 111' t\rl'lril llilllsrir tii llllil cmiiliiV- IIICIll. fur lIliiMi' III!' Ills ti'nilllt-<| \N III) lli'i'ilrii (t, iri'llliii; Hilimtlniis iiinoii;; hi-* t'rIriiiU for dcxi'iv Iti^' ^Irls Mini voiiii!,' Ill- II, krrpiiii; iimiiy IiiiihN ))ii'riv(! it to the ehuiih wa'delis. It was then cvcninj;. ( »ii the cusuuiLr nioriiini,', early, I found tills pi-ir woman at inv doors. .She was ii poor water carrier. She cried liitterly, and said, " I liave not «li'|it one wink all iiiLrht for partinu^ with tl-at child which (Jod had juit in n v way. and, if you will ,u;iv ■ me leave, I will take him liack iiffain." \ \ - tilled with collfl.^lorl at (he pious teiidernesHol' iliis |)oor creature, and i Aveiit with her to the parisli nurse for the infant, which she liroiiLfht to her home with joy, c.\- (■liiiminjf, in the very words of the ])rophet. " Poor child, tiiouuh thy mother has fort'otten thee, I will not for;,'et thee." Ki^dit years liavc ('la])se(l since' she lirouiiht lo her humlile home" that ('X]iosed iiifai"!, and she is now liliiiu from the coiiHtant exposures to wet and cold ; iind ten times ii day may lie seen that poor wn- terciirrier iiassiiiif with her weary load, led liy this little foundlin,'.; hoy, () merciful .lesiis, f would irladly sacrifice thc^ wealth and power of this widi- world, to set-ure to my.'-elf the ulorious welcome that awaits this poor lilind water car- rier on t'le jrrcat accountiiiL; day ! Oh, what, compared to charily like this, the ermiiied rolie, the ivory sceptre, the irolden throne, the jew- elled diadem ! — CVCI.OI'KDI.V OK iJlOli,, ]). lllf, 7NI2. CHARM. Protecting. Xinnn. [Numa.onc (if the earliest kin^s of Koine, | liavini: n.ixeii the fountain of wliich they used to drink with wine and honey, surprised and citiiirht |lliedcmi- •rods, who] . , . ae(|uaint('d him with many se- crets of futurity and lauixht him a criarm for thunderantl lij.ditninjj, composed of onions, hair, and pilchards, which is used to this day. — I'l.c- TAIUH'S NlMA. 783. . Af/inin J) iiiidnulil eilly colli I'll lilt CI I loilssuaLl'e the lien er passions of human natiiie, it seems to have heeii le^s favorii- lile to the virtue of chastity, w hose most ilaiiu'cr- oiis enemy is the sofliiess of the mind. The re- tilieinelitsof life eornipt w liile they polNll the lll- leri nurse of llic sexes. The jr|'osH appellle of love lieeonies most ilaiiu'erous when it is elevat- ed, or rather, indeed, disguised liv seiitiineiilul passion. '!'lie elei;aiieeof dress, oi' motion, anil of manners ^dves a lustre to licauty, and inllame>i the senses throu^di the imairinatioii. Luxurious "iitertalnmeiits, inidni;;lit dances, and lieeniioiH spectacles present nt once lein|itiil ion and op- portunilv lo female frailtv. Oinuo.N s l£o.\ii;, eh. II. 7N«. CHASTITY. Invincible, /.'.////-/;- Hm.r.il /li/iKiiriiiH. Helisariiis was chaste and solier. In the license of a military life, none coiilil liotisl, that they had seen him intoxicaled with v.liie ; the most lieaiititiil captives of (iolliic or V'andii! race wcie otVered to his emiii'i'ces ; I ml he lurni'd aside from their charms, and the hnsli.n'd ol An- loiiini". was never suspected of violatiii;c the \n\vn of con,jui;al lldelity. — (iinnoN's Romio, eh, -11. 7«7. CHASTITY, Rare. l-:,t,hi <'livi»li,niH. U was with the utmost dillieiill\ that ancient Koino could siiiiport the liisiiiution of six vestals ; liiil, the primilive church was llllel willi ii irreal iiiiin- lier of persons of either se.x, who had devoted them.selves lo the ])r."l'ession of perpetual clia.s- tily. — (fimioNs Ro.vu;, vol. 1, ' 15, p. ."i.JO. 7m8. CHEERFULNESS, SimulBted. Muni. T!ii5 ship in which the I'riiicess iif ()rani.^e had em- harked lay oil" .Marv'ale, and on tne followiiii^ mornimr anchored at (Jrccnwich. She was re- ceived with ni.any si!.'ns of Joy and all'eclion ; hut her demeanor shocked tin Tories, and wa.s not thou^dit faultless even by tlu- Willi's. A younj^ woman, placed, liy a destiny as mourn- ful and awful as that which hro'ided over lh(! fiililed houses of I,alidiicus and I'elops, in such ii situation that she could not, without violating her duty lo lier ( !oil, lier husliaiid, and her coun- try, refuse to take her seat on the throne from which lier father [.lames II. | had just lieeii liurlcd, should have lieen sad, oral least serious. Marv vvas not merely in hii!:h, liul in extra va.iiiint spirits. She entered Whitehall, it vvas asserted, vvitli a irirlish deliudit at beiiiir mistress of so tino u house, ran alioiit the rooms, peeped into tluj closets, and examined tlie ipiilt of the state bed, without seeminu; to rememlicr hy whom tlio.so stati'iy uiiartments liad last iieen occupieil. [ Misii- op] Burnet, who had, till then, llioui;lit her an annx'l in human form, could not, on this occa- sion, refrain from blamiii!; her. He wa.s the more astonished, because, when he took leave of her at ii'u^ Ilajjue, she had, lhou;rli lully con- viucod that she was in the path of duty, been ^trnm--*^- u C'HKKHING-CHU.DIIOOI). deeply dejected. To liiiTi, as to licr sjiiritutd iriiide, nlie af'cTWiird ('Xi)lniii"d licr conduct. vVilliiim )iad written to inform lirr tliiit some of tlio.se .vlio had tried to separate her interests from Ills still continued their machinations; they piV(.' it out tlcit she thouifht liers<'lf wroii^rcd ; and, if slie wore a ^'ooiuy coiintcnanw, the re- port woulil lie V .mtirmed. He tlicreforeeritreatcd iier to makif her tirst. appearance with an air o'' cheerfiiliuss Ilcr heart, sIk- said, was far in- deed from cheerful : hut she had done her best ; and, .is she was afraid of not sustaining well a part which was uncoiigcniiil to her feelings, she had <>veractt,l it. Her deportm^'iit was the subject of reams of :(ciirrility in pro.se !>.nd verse ; it '.owered her in llic opinion of .some whose es- teem she valued ; no;- did the world know, till she was heyond 'he reach of praise and censure, that tlu^ conduct, which liad lirought 0:1 her the; reproach of levity r.nd iii.sensihility was really a signal instance of that jierfcct disinterestedness and self-devotioi; of which man seems to be in- capable, but which is sometimes found in wom- an.— Mac aui,.\y's Eno., Cll. 10, p. ()(»(). r8». CHEERING effective. War of Jl,Mli»n. The i^outherii troops wlu-n charging, or to ex- l)res.s their delight, always yell in a manner jie- culiar to themselves. Tlu; Yankee cheer is much more liko ours ; but the ('onf jderate oflicers de- clare that the rebel yell has a peculiar merit, and always ])roduces a salutary and ii.seful effect upon their adversaries. A corps is sometimes siK)ken of as a " good yelling regiment." [Brit- ish ofticer's diary, quoted in^ PoLi. Aim's Sec- ond Veau ok Tiiii War, p. 349. 790. CHILL, Influence of a. Sorereign. In 1425, with a view ])robably to diminish the in- fluence of (he protector [the Duke of Glouces- ter], by exhibiting the child Henry [VI., then live years old] as a shadow of ro_) ally, lie was brought into the House of Lords and seated \ipou the thrcne upon his mother's knee. " It •was a strange sight," says Speed, the chronicler, " and the tirst time it was ever seen in England, an infant sitting in his mother's lap, and before it could tell what English meant, to exercise the place of sovereign direction in ojien Parlia- ment." — Knioht's E.no., vol. 2, cli. 5, p. 78. TPi. CHILD, A passionate. Blaise Pascal. When the boy was a year old he was ob.servcd to resent, in the most violent manner, any ca- resses which his parents exchanged. Either of iliem migl-.t kiss him in welcome, but if they ki.s.sed one another, he cried, kicked, and made a terrible ado. He had also the peculiarity (not very rare among children) of making a great outcry whenever a basin of water was brought near him. " Every one,' writes an inmate and relative of the family, "said the ciiild was be- witched by an old woman who was in the habit of receiving alms from the house." [The "witch" apjilied her sorcery, and apjieared to have killed the child, but it was restored.] — C'Yci.orEDiAOK BioG., p. m. 792. CHILD, Power of. liulir. Themistocles' son being master of his mother, and by her means, oif him, he said, laughing, " This child is greater than any man in Greece ; for the Athe- nians command the Greeks, I command the Athenians, his mother commands me, and lie commands his mother." — Plutakch. 79 !1. CHILD, Precocious. Snniiel Johnnon. When Dr. Saclicverell was at I.ichtleld, .lohnson was not (luile ihrc yars old. My grandfathur Hammond observed' liiiii at the cathedral perch- ed upon his father's slioulders, listening and gaping at the much-celclirated i)rcaclier. Mr. llainmoiid asked Mr. .lohnson how he could ]tossibly think of bringing such an infant to church, and in the midst of so great a crowd. Ml answered, liecause it wa . iiiiiiossible to keep him at home ; for. young as he was, he believed he had caught the imblic spirit and zeal for Saclicverell, and wouhl have stayed forever in the church.— UuswEi.i.'s .Johnson, p. 5. 791. CHILD, A ruined. (Iricf. ^Irs. Susanna "Wesley [the mother of .John Wesley] had seen much atllietion. Her husliand had been in jiriscm for debt, she had sulTeied from poverty and sifkne.ss, some of her children had died, and otiiers married unhaiiinly. She wrote thus to Ifcr brother in bereavcmVnt : "O sir, happy, thrice happy are you ; hajipy is my .sister that buried your ( hildrcn in infancy ! Secure from temjitation, secun' from guilt, .secure from want or shame or lo.ss of friends, they are safe beyond the reach of ])ain or sense of mi.sery. lieing gtme lieiice, nothing can touch them further. Believe me, sir, it is better to mourn ten chil- dren dead than one living, and I have buried many." 795- CHILD, Value of a. Hniiheii. Abdallah- Ben-Ab(' Mottnlib. the father of T.Inhomet, when a h narrowly escajied sacrifice at his father's lia.ids, who, being childless, made a vow that lie would sacrifice one of his children to the gods if they would grant him a family. The family came, and the lot being taken fell on Ab- d.illah. The father was on the point of fulfil- ling his vow, when, by the advice of his friends, he staved his hand and consulted a wise woman, who directed him to place ten camels, the price of blood among the Aralis, on one side, and his son on the uther, and to cast lots between them ; and as often as the lots should be against the youtL, he waste add ten more camels. The ex- periment was tried, and the lot was again.st Ab- dallah ten times ; tlie father sacrificed one hun- dred camels, and saved his son. — App. Cyc, " AllDAM.AH." 796. CHILDHOOD, Impressible. Iier. John Da- rin. [He was early trained in the doctrines of religion.] He attributed liis conversion, in his nineteenth year, to the ineifaceable impression of a lesson of the Holy Scriptures, heard while sitting on his father's linee when he was a child. — Stevens' M. E. Ciiiucii, vol. 4, p. 230 797. CHILDHOOD, Terrors of. William Cowper. My chief aftiicdon consisted in my being singled oiit from all the other boys b- a lad of about fifteen years of age as a projier object upon wlumi he might let loose the cruelty of his tem- per. I choose to conceal a particular recital oi the many acts of barbarity with which he made it his business coiU'r.ually to persecute me. It will be sufficient to say that his savage treatment of me impressed such a dread of his figure upon my mind, that I well reiiiember l)eing afraid to lift my eyes upon him higher than to his knees, and that I knew him better by his slioe-buckles than by any other part of his dress. May the CillLDUEN. 115 Lord pardon Inin, luid may wu iiK'ct in j^lory ! — Hmith's COWI'KII, cli. J. 798. CHILDREN abused. Paupers. [In the Uriti.sh colliericH, 1887,] it wan W\v ciistoni of many of the hard la.sk-mastcTs to take two or tliree apprentices at a time, supporting theni- nelves and families out of tlie labor of tliese un- fortunate orphans, wliofrom tiieage of fourteen to twenty-one never received a jMuiny for them- selves, by a servitude in whieli there w.is notlilng to learn beyond a little dexterity readily ac- (|uired by short j)ractice. [Some of them were whipped to death.] — Kniuiit's Enu., vol. 8, ch. 32, p. 396. 799. . SpiiDuiiq. Children of very tender age, collected from tlie liOndon workhouses and other abodes of the friendless, ■were transported to Manchester and the neigh- borhood as apprentices. They were often work- ed througli the whole night ; liad no regard paid to their (;leanlin(;ss ; and received no instruction. [They were emj>loyed on the newly invented spinning machines.] — IvNiGUT'b Enu., vol. 7, ch. 3, p. 52. §00. CHILDREN a Blessing. MahomH. His enemies, wl>o regarded the privation of a male child as a disfavor of Heaven, gave to Mahomet the ignominious epithet of a man without a con- tinuation of him.self. — Lamautink's Tuukey, p. 140. 801. CHILDREN, Delight in. Mahomet. Ma- homet's politeness to men of all conditions who approached him was gcnitle and respectful. "He never," says Aboulfeda, "withdrew his hand the first from the hand of those who were saluting him." He played . . . with the children of AH, the husband of his daughter, Fatima, in default of any of his own. One of these li'.tle cues, of a tender age, named Hossein, Imving crept upon his back while he was prostraodin prayer, ^vith his face against the earth, the proph- et remained in this attitude, to gratify the child, until its mother came to deliver him of the bur- den. — Lamaktine's Tuukey, p. 152. 809. CHILDREN, Discipline of. Sere r i t //. [a.d. 1547.] Severe discipline of children was the characte/istio of an age in which men and boys, and even girls, were governed more by ter- ror than by lov Peter Carewe, when he ran away from school, was led home in chains like a dog, and was coupled to a hound in a filthy out- house. Lady Jane Grey described to Ascham how, in the presence of her parents, she was com- pelled to deport herself in every action of life ac- cording to the strictest rules ; " or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threatened, yea pres- ently, sometimes with puiches, nips, and bobs, and other ways which I will not name for the honor I bear them, so without measure disorder- ed that I think myself in hell." The poor lady, however, considered the severity as a blessing, for it taught her to value the exceptional kindness of her schoolmaster, "whoteacheth me so gen- tly, so pleasantly, with such fair allurements to learning, that I think all the time nothing while I am with him. " — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 29, p. 496. 803. CHILDREN frightened. Reign of James II. [The ladies of the queen's household, prompt- ed by avarice, phnuiered the victims of Jef- freys' court.] The prey on which they pounced most eagerly was one which it might have lieeii thought that even the most ungentle natures would have spared. Already some of the girls who had presented astandanl to Monmouth [the rebel and jinaended king] at Taunton had cru- elly expiated their ollcnce. One of them had been thrown into a prison where an infectious malady was raging. She had sickened and died there. Ano'.her had presented herself at the bar before Jeffreys to beg for mercy. " Take her, jailer," vociferated th(! judge, with one of those frowns which had often struck terror into ..;.;ut- er hearts than hers. She burst into tears, drew her hood over her face, followed the jailer outof court, fell ill of fright, and in a few hours was a corpse. Most of the young ladies, however, who had walked in the procession were still alive. Some of them were under ten years of age. All had acted under the orders of their .schoolmis- tress, without knowing that they were commit- ting a crime. The (jueen's maids of honor nsked the royal i)erniission to wring money o>it of the parents of the poor children, and the permission was granted. An order was sent down to Taun- ton that all thesis little girls should be seized and iinpri.sonetl. [See more at No. 607.] — Macau- lay's Enu., ch. 5, p. 607. 804. CHILDREN, Labors of. lieiijn of f7iarle.i IT. At Norwich, the chief seat of the clothing trade, a little creature six years old was thought fit for labor. Several writers of that time, and among them some who were considered as emi- nently benevolent, mention, with exultation, tlw; fact, that in that city boys and girls of a tender age created wealth exceeding wliat was neees.sa- ry for their own subsistence by .t 12,000 a year. — Macaui.ay's Eng. , eh. 3, p. 390. 805. CHILDREN, Mistrained. John Milton's. He did not allow his daughters to learn any lan- guage, saying with a gibe that one tongue was enough for a woman. They were not sent to any school, but had some sort of teaching at home from a mistress. But in order to nuike them useful in reading to him, their father was at the pains to train them to read aloud in five or six languages, of none of which they understood one word. When we think of the time and la- bor which must have been expended to teach them to do this, it must occur to us that a little more labor would have surticed to teach them so much of one or two of the languages as would have made their reading a source of interest and j improvement to them.selves. This Milton refus- I ed to do. The consecnience was, as might have been expected, the occupation became .so irk- some to them that they rebelled against it. In the case of one of th(>m, Mary, . . . this restive- ness pa.ssed into open revo'.t. She first resisted, ihen neglected, ai 1 finally came to hate, her father. When some one spoke . . . slu! s;iid, that was no news to her of his wedding ; but if she could hear of his death, that was .some- thing. She combined with Anne, the eldest daughter, " to coim.sel his maid-servant to cheat him in his marketings." They sold his books without his knowledge. " They made nothing of deserting him," he was often heard to com- plain. — Milton, hy M. Pattison, ch. 12. 806. CHILDREN, Overgoverument of. John Howard. [He had nii only son.] He was ex- 9G CIIILDHKN— ClIIVAUn' roe(lin.;,'ly fond of liis son, llioiiirh hi- covcnicd him, us sonio of liis friends thonirlit, a little too niueh in the; ixitriiireiiid style, deiTiiindinf; from 1dm \\n\ most prompt iind ('xact olxdience, tmd Hvoidinir, on principle, to i^ive In'm any expla- mition of the reasons of liis re(|niremenls. He never .struck the hoy a i)lo\v in his life. The severest, j)unishment 'he ever inl1ictcople as any; l)r Price says they must be naturally strong to git through." .Iiui.nson : "That {■^ system, sir. A urcat traveller observes, that it is saiil there iirc no weak or deformed peo- l)le among the liuliaiis ; liiil he with much sa.uac- ity assigns the reason of this, which is, that the hanlship f)f their life as hunters and tisliers does not allow weak or diseased children to grow up. jNow, had I been an. Indian 1 must have died early ; my eyes would not have si'rved me to get food, i indeed now could tish. give me English tackle ; but had I been an Indian I must have starved, or they would have knocked me on the head, when Ih'ey saw I could do nothing." — HoSWKI.I.'s .lollNSON, J). 40."). 812. CHILDREN are Treasures, /'""r }f. •,>8'i Wl«. CHIVALEY, Modern. /A///', »f /,,.iii,f/- f'lii. .1/". [The Federals surrendered to tlie Con- federales after a jn'otracted sicL^'. | When Col- onel Mulliiran snrri'ndered liis sword, (Jeneral Price asked liini for the scalpl)ard. Miillin'an icplied that he had thro\vn it away. Tlieireneral, ui»oii reeeivinj^ his .••word, veturned it to him, .sayinj; hc^ disliked to see a man of hi.s valor witiiout a sword. . . . While awailin;^ his e.\- (•111^^! Colonel ]\Inlliiran and his wife hecame the irnesls of (General Price, the jretieral surren- derini,^ to them his carriaj^c. — I'oi, laud's Fiust Yto.vu ov THK Wak, ch. T), |). 148. Sir. CHIVALEY, Order of. Kiiif/hts of SI. Jitliii. The military and rcli^rious order of the Knij^lits of St. John of Jerusalem was the e.\- l)irinf^ sii,di of chivalry after the crusadcH. A triple spirit ut that time animated tlu; European nobility — the .spirit of faith, tlu; sjjirit of war, the spirit of adventure. W^hat is called a knight was horn of these three spirits eond)ined. A ])i<)us heart, a militant arm, a chimerical imag- ination — those three elements composed the per- fect Christian knight. Religion, war, glory, were iiis three souls. — Lamautink's TuitiiKY, p. 847. 81§. CHIVALRY, Patriotic. Ciipt. PaiilJoncx. lie landed near the casth; of the Earl of Sel- kirk, intending to take the earl i)risoner, and keep him as a liostage for the better treatment of American pri.soners in England, whom the king alfected to regard as felons, and who were confined in common jails. The earl was absent from home. The crew demanded liberty to l)hmder the castle, in retaliation for the ravages of British captains on the coast of America. Captiiin Jones could not deny the justice of their demand ; yet, abhorring the ])rincii)le of plun- dering private hou.ses, and esjjecially one inhab- ited by a lady, he permitted the men to take the silver plate onlj', forbidding the slightest ap- proach to violence or disrespect. That silver ])late he him.self bought when the phinder was sold, and .sent it back totlu? Countess of Selkirk, with a polite letter of explanation and apology. The haughty earl refused to receive it ; but Captain jonea, after a long correspondence, won his heart, and the silver was replaced in the ph\te closet of Selkirk Castle eleven years after it had been taken from it. — Cyci.opeijiaokUioo., p. 3;]6. §19. CHOICE of Both. LyMuuhr. [Ly.sander having ])een sent an] ambassador to Dionysius, the tyrant offered liim two vests, that he might take one of them for his daughter ; upon which he said his daughter knew better how to choose than he, and so took them both. — Pi.utaucii's Lyhandkr. 820. CHOICE manifested. Plzorm. His fol- lowers ran down to the ship and demanded to be conveyed to Panama. Pizarro joined them, gathered them around him, and, drawing a line in the sand with liis sword, addressed tliem thus ; " Comrades, on that side," pointing to the .sonth, " are toil, hunger, nakedness, the drenching etorm, battle, and death. On this side," point- ing to the norlh, " are ease and safety. Hut on that side lies Peru, with its wc/alth. On tiiis side is Panama and its poverty. Choose, each man, what best becomes a bra \(^ Caslilian. For my ])art, 1 go to the south." Having .said tiuse words, h(^ stei)ped to the southern side of the line, and there stood, eying the homesick <'rowd. 'i'welve soldiers, one priest, and one nudeteer joined him. 'I'he i'<'si went on boaid the ship and returned to J'anama. — Cvci.oI'kdi.v ok 15i(Ki., p. '6'li\. 8'2 1 . CHOICE, Necessary. I n d c p e ii il r >i t ,i. Self-i)i'eservalion, uniting with amiiition and wild enthusiasm, urged tlicm to uneom])roniis- ing hostility with Charles I. He or they must ]>crish. "If my head or the king's must fall," argued Cromwell, "can 1 liesitate which t(i choose V" J}y an act of violence the Indepen- dents seized on the king, and held him in their s])ecial custody. " Now," said tlu!e.\Mdling Crom- well — " now that 1 have the king in my hands, I hav(! the Parliament in my pocket." — Ban- cuokt's U. S,, vol. 2, ch. 11. H"!'!. CHOICE, Painful. I}<'(it/i of Sfniff»r>f. The l^irliament was iiille.xible ; the ((ueeii wept ; lOngland was in a ferment. Charles [I.], al- though ready to yield, still liesitated. 'I'he (^ueen Henrietta, of France, daughter of Henry IV., a beautiful and accomplished princess, for whom until his death the king preserved the tidelityof a husband and the jiassion of i lover, jiresented herself before him in mourning, accomi)anied by lier little children. She besought him on her knees to yield to the vengeance; of the people, which lie could not resist without turning upon the innocent pledges of their love that death which he was endeavoring vainly to avert from a condenmed head. " Choose," said she, "be- tween your own life, mine, these dear children's, and the life of this minister so hateful to the nation." (Jharles, struck with horror at the idea of sacrificing his beloved wife and infant chil- dren, the hopes of the monarchy, replied that he cared not for his own life, for he would will- ingly give it to save his minister ; but to en- danger Henrietta and her children was beyond his strength and desire. [He .signed the death- warrant of his chief minister and faithful friend.] — Lamaiitink's Ckomwki,!,, p. 12. 82JI. CHRIST caricatured. Martin Luther. Bitterly did he complain that, from (childhood on, he had been .so trained that he paled and trembled at the mere mention of the name of Christ, whom he had been taught to regard as a severe and angry judge. — Ukin's Lutukk, p. 22. 824. CHRIST, Defence of. King of the Franks. [After his conversion] the mind of Clovis was susceptible of transient fervor ; he was exasper- ated by the pathetic tale of the passion and death of Christ ; and, instead of weighing th(! salutary consequences of that mj'sterious sacri- fice, he e.xclaimed, witli indiscreet fury, " Had I been present at the head of my valiant Franks, I woidd have revenged His injuries." — Giuuon's Rome, ch. 37, p. 575. 825. CHRIST, Honors for. I^oof. [Tlie mind of the Emperor Theodosius was confirmed in or- thodox doctrine.] lie had lately bestowed on his eldest son, Areadius, the name and honors of 1 ; I 98 CIIRIST—CIIRISTIAN. hi III I'i Augustus, nnd the two princes were seiiterl on n Btfttely throne to receive the liomiige of their hu1»- ject^. A bisliop, Ainphilochius of Iconiuni, approached the tlirone, and after saluling, with (hie reverence;, the |)erson of his sovereign, lie accosted the royal youth with the same familiar tenderness which he might havi; used toward a plebeian child. Provokeil hy this insolent be- havior, the uionarcli gave orders that the rustic priest should be instantly driven from his pres- ence. Hut while tin; guards were forcing liim to th(! door, the dexterous jjolemic had time to execute his design, by exclaiming, with a loud voice, ".Such is the treatment, () cmi)cror, •which the King of heaven has prcjiared for those imjiiotis men wh(» all'ect to worship the Father, but refuse to acknowledge tlii! ecpial majesty of His divine Son !" Theodosiws iminedialely cm- ')raced the IJishop of Iconium, and never forgot the important lesson vhicli he had received from this dramatic parable. — GiitiioN's Ho.mk, ch. 27. 1126. CHRIST, Preaching. ErdKnum. Erasmus desired to set Christ Himself in the i)lace of the church, to recall men from the teaching of Chris- tian theologians to the teaching of the Found- er of Cliristianity. The whole value of the gospels to him lay in the vividness with which they brought home to their readers the iiersonal imj^rcssion t)f Christ Himself. " Were we to have seen Him with our own eyes, we should not have so intimate a knowledge as they give us of Christ, speaking, healing, dying, rising again, as it were in our very i)resence." All the superstitions of media-val worshiii faded away in the light of this jiersoiial worshi]) of Christ. "If the footprints of (.lirist are shown us in any place, we kneel down and adore tlieiii. Why do Ave not rather venerate the livingand breath- ing picture of Him in these; books 't \Ve deck statues of wood and stone with gold and gems for tlie love of Christ. Yet they only profess to represent to us the outer form of His body, while these books present us with a living picture of His holy mind." In the same way the actual teaching of Christ was made to supersede the myster'ous dogmas of the older ecclesia.stical teaching. " As though Christ taught such sub- tleties," burst out Erasmus — " .subtleties that <'an scarcely be understood even ])v afew theologians — or as though the strength of tlu; Christian relig- ion consisted in man's ignorance of it ! It may be the safer cour.se," he goes on, with character- istic irony, "to conceal the state mysteries of kings, but Christ desired Ills mysteries to be spread abroad as openly as was possible." In the diirusion, in the universal knowleeige of the teaching of Christ, the foundation of a reformed Christianity had still, he urged, to be laid. — Eno. Peoit.e, t^ 518. 827. CHRIST substituted. Pope. In his ad- dresses to the peoi)le he maintained in plain speecli : "Christ has laid down His authority over all Christendom, until the day of judg- ment, and has intrusted the pope with plenary power in His stead. The i)ope therefore can forgive each and every sin, whetlier already committed or yet to be committed, and that witliou', sorrow and repentance. Tlie greatest guilt can be effaced by i)urchasing a jiapal certiti- cate of forgiveness. No crime, however horri- ble and inconceivable in reality, is excluded from this forgiveness. The indidgence cross of the i)ope is not inferior in saeredness to the cross of Christ, and iieiice tiie former must be iionor- ed as highly as the latter."— Hki>-'b Lutukh. p. 12. f«2>». CHRIST, Theory of. ^f. 2l'>. 83a. CHRISTIANITY, An absurd. A/'i/.isi,i/. What were the secondary causes of the rai)id growth of tb6 Christian church V It will, perliaps, ap- pear, that it was most elTectually favored and assisted by the tive following causes : I. The infiexible, and, if we may use the cxiiression, the intolerant zeal of the Christians, derived, it is true, from the Jewish n'ligion, but piu-ified from the narrow and unsocial spirit, which, in- stead of inviting, had deterred the (ientiles from embracing the law of Moses. II. The doctrine of a future life, improved by every additional circumstance which could give weight and effl- cacy to that important truth. III. The miracu- lous [lowers ascril)ed to the primitive church. IV. The inu-e and austere morals of the Chris- tians. V. The union and discipline of the Chris- tian republic, which gradually formed an in- dependent and increastng state in the heart of the Roman Emi)ire. — GiimoN'.s Home, ch. 15. 835. CHRISTIANITY, Civilization by. Cnulty. The first Christian emperor may claim the hon- or of the first edict which condemned the art and amusement of shedding human blood ; but this benevolent law exi)rcs.sed the w ishcs of tlio j)rince, without reforming an inveterate abu.se, which degraded a civilized nation below Iho condition of savage cannibals. Several hundred, perhaps several tliousand, victims were annually slaughtered in the great cities of the eiupire, an(l the month of I)ecemlper, more peculiarly (h'voted to th(! combats of gladiators, still cxhiliited to the eyes of the Hoinan ]ieople a gratcfid spe<'ta- clc of blood and cruelty. Amid the general joy of the victory of I'ollentia. a Christian |)oet exhorted the emperor to exiirpate, by his author- ity, the horrid custom whicli had so long re- sisted the voice of humanity and religion. The pathetic reprcsentalions of IVudentius were less cITectual than the generous boldness of Telema- chus, an Asiatic monk, whose death was more useful to mankind than bis lif<'. The iiomans were ])ro\-oked by the interrtiption of their ])leasures ; and the rash monk, who had descend- ed into the arena to sejiarate tlu^ gladiators, was overwhelmed luider a shower of stones. Hut the madness of the pe()])l(! soon subsided ; they respecti'd the memory of Telemachus, who had deserved the boiM)rs of martyrdom, and they submitted, without a nuirmiu', to the laws of llonorius, which al)olished forever the human .sacritices of the amphitheatre. — (JiitnoNs Uo.me, vol. 8. ch. m. 83tt, . /iiirhiiriiiiix. l»efore the age of Charlemagne- the Christian nations of Eu- rope might exult in the exclusive jiossession of the tem])erate climates, of th(! fertile lands, which produced corn, wine, and oil ; while tho savage idolaters and their hel|)less idols were confined to the extremities of the earth, the dark and frozen regions of the Jsorth. Christian- ity, which o])cned the gates of heaven to tho barbarians, introduced an im])ortanl change in their moral and political condition. They re- ceived, at the same tinu', the u.se of letters, so essential to a religion whose doctrines are con- tained in a sacred book ; and while they studied the divine truth, their minds were insensibly eidarged by the distant view of history, of nature, of the arts, and of society. — Ginijox's IJomk. vol. a, ch. ;5T. 837. . JidrfittriidiM. The admission of the barbarians into the pale of civil and ec- clesiastical society delivered Eur()]K! from tho depredations, by .sea and land, of the Normans, the IIung;u'ians. and the Ku.ssians, who learned to sjiare their brethren and cultivate their iios- sessions. The establishment of law and order was promoted by the influence of the clergy, and the rudiments of art and science wire introduced into tlu> savage countries of the globe. — Gin- uon's lioMK, ch. 5."). 838. CHRISTIANITY commended. Wm-t/i. If W(! consider the purity of the Christian religion, the .sanctity of its moral precepts, and the in- nocent as well as the austere lives of the greater number of those who during the first ages em- braced tlie faith of the gospel, we sliould natu- rally suppose that so benevolent a doctrine would have been received with due reverence, even by the unbelieving world. — Gibijon's Rome, ch. 16. 839. CHEISTIANITY compromised. CmMan- tine. The awful mj-sterics of th(! Christian faith and worship were concealed from the eyes of luu CIIinsTIANITV III riivor (if nil Iiii|ii'riiil so ini|Mirt!iiil to iilliiri'. scciisidii, into llic pule (i stiuitiiic WHS ]ifrniill(Ml, pfranijcrs, niid even of (■iilcclminciis. -.villi mi iil' ffclcd secrecy, wliicli served to excite llieir wmi derniKl curiosity. IJiit t lie severe rules of di^ cii)liiie which the iinideiice of the liishops hnii ilisliluted were reliixed hy the s.illie |inideMce proselyte, whom it was by every irelillc coride- the Church ; mid Cou- nt leiist hy II tiicit dis- IX'iisiition, to eujoy iiioul of the privileL'es hefore he liiid coiitnicted ('//// of the ohlii;iilioiis of a Cliristiau. — (iiiiiioN's {{omi;, eh, ;.'(l. WIO. CHRISTIANITY discarded, rr- their countrymen. — Ihving's Coi,umjuis, IJook 5, cb. 8. §42. CHRISTIANITY, Diversity in. Nothiidl In the ])rofe.ssion of (,'hristianity thr- irrn(ii)ii. The resentment, or the fears, of Dio- cletian transported him beyond the bounds of flioderation, which he had hitherto jjre.served, 4iid he declared, in a series of cruel edicts. Lis in- tention of abolishing the Christian name. By fhe first of these edicts the governors of the prov- inces were directed to api)rehend all persons of the ecclesiastical order ; and the i)risons, destined for tlie vilest criminals, were soon tilled with a multitude of bi.shops, presbyters, deacons, read- .^rs, and cxorci.sta. By a second edict the mag- latrates were commanded to employ every metli- od of severity which might reclaim them from tlicir odious superstition and oblige them to re- turn to the established worship of gods. This rigorous order was extended, by a subsequent edict, to the whole body of Christians, who were exposed 1(111 violent and general persecution. — (iiiwio.v's |{()M|.;, ch. Hi. Ml. CHRISTIANITY misunderstood, (uhhon. (Ijl.l siiccomil of Die early Christians is vitia- ted liv his narrow mid disloried conception of the ciiioiioiial side of nian's niiliire. Having no s]iiriliiiil aspirations himself, he could not api)re- ( iaie or iiiKieisl.ind them in others. Those emo- tions which liiive for their object the unseen world and its centre, God, hud no meaning for him ; and he wastemiited to explain them awa^v when he came across tliem, or to ascribe their ori- gin and elfects to other instincts which were more intelligible to him. The wonderland which the mystic inliiibil". was closed to him ; he remain- ed outside of it, and reproduced in sarcastic trav- esty the reports he heard of its marvels. — .MoK- kison's (liniio.N, ch. T. Sl.'i. CHRISTIANITY, Muscular. Siilfm \\'ili-h(n. A.n. lt!!)2. Edward Bishop, a farmer, cured the Indian servant of a tit by Hogging him ; he declared, moreover, his belief that lie could, in like manner, cure the whole comi)any of the af- flicted : and for his .scei)ticism found him.self and his wife in pri.son. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. y, cli. 1!>. 1«*.|«. CHRISTIANITY, Offence of. Amiiscmoiln. The j)uliiic games and festivals. On tho.se occa- sions the inhabitants of the great cities of the em]iire were collected in the circus or tlu? theatre, where every circumstan( c of the phuc, as well as of the ceremony, coniributed to kindle their de- votion and to extinguish their humanity. While the numerous spectators, crowned with garlands, perfumed with incense, puritied with the blood of victims, and surrounded with the altars and stat- ues of their tutelar deiti(!s, resigned themselves to the enjoyment of ])leasures which they consider- ed as an'es,sential ])art of their religious worship, they recollected that the Christians alone abhor- red the gods of mankind, and by their absence and melancholy on these solenui festivals seem- ed to ins\dt or to lament the imblic felicity. — Gibhon's Ho.mk, ch. 10. 847. CHRISTIANITY, Qualified Faith in. Port S/iclli'j/. licigh Hunt gives a just notion of bin relation to Christianity, pointing out that be drew a distinction between the Pauline presentation of the Christian creeds and thesi)iritof the gos- pels. " His want of faith in the letter, and hi.'*, exceeding faitb in the spirit of Cbri.stianity, formed a ccmiment, the one; on the other, very formidable to those who chose to forget what Scrii)ture itself observes on that point." Via have only to read " Essays on Christianity," in or- der to jierceive what reverent admiration he felt for .lesus, and how profoundly he understood the true character of His teaching. — Symonus' Sheli-ky, cb. 5. 84§. CHRISTIANITY, Success of. World-mdr. [During the decay of the Roman Emjnre] a pure and Inunblt! religion gently insinuated itself into the minds of men, grew up in silence and obscu- rity, derived new vigor from opposition, and finallj' erected the tri>imi)bant banner of the cro.ss on the ruins of the Capitol. Nor was the influ- ence of Christianity confined to the period or to the limits of the Roman Empire. After a revolu- tion of thirteen or fourteen centuries, tbat relig- ion is still professed by tbe nations of Europe. ciiiusTiANs— cnriicii. 101 the most (listiTiuuisluMl iinrlion of lumiiin kiml in arts mill ll'llrllin;,^ as well as in arms. !Jy llic in- dustry and /.cal of tlic Europeans it lias liccn widely dilTused to the most distant slior.sof Asia and Africa ; and liy the means of their colonies has liecii lirmly eslahlished from Canada to Chili, ill a world unknown to the aiiciiiils. — (liii- iio.Ns l{i).\ii:, eh. 1."). N ll>. CHRISTIANS, Uncompromising. A/'V ii' coiivc. ((Ueiice of conviction, and tiie Christians. wlio>-e gidlt was till! most clearly proved by the testi- mony of witnesses, or e\-eii liy their vohinlary (onfessioii, still retained in their own power tlie alternative of life or death. It. was not so mncli the jiast oifcnco as the actual resist.ancc which excited tin- indiirnation of the mafiistrate. He •was persuaded that he ofTcred them an easy ]>ar- don, since, if they consented to cast a few ;,''raiiis of incenso upon the altar, they were dismissed from the tribunal in safety and with apiilausc. — Gii> on'h lioMK, ch. Hi. 850. CHEI8TMA8, Celebration of. Hi r, In/ in Fninri' mid Itiihf. Amon^ the revels of the Christma.s si^a.soii were the .so-called feasts of fools and of u.sses, ;;role.s(iue .saturnalia, which were sometimes termed " l)ec;'mber liberties," in which everything; serious was burlesqued, in- feriors per.somtied their .superiors, ^ncat men be- coming frolicsome, and which illiistnite the pronene.ss of man to occasionally reverse the or- der of .society and ridicuk; its decencies. — Ae- TLKTON'M A.M. {!VC., " ('IIIIISTM.VS." SSI. CHEISTMA3 changed. Puritinix. Christ- inas had been from time immeniorial the .season of joy and domestic aifeetion, the season when families as.sembled, when children came home fromscliool, when (piurrels were madeu|), when carols were lieard in every street, when every iiouse was decorated with evcrirreeiis. and every table was loaded witli good cheer. At that .sea- son all hearts not utterly destitute of kindness wc^re enlarged and softened. At that season the j)oor were admitted to jiartake lar!j:ely of the overflowings of the wealth of the ricli, whose liounty was peculiarly acceptable on accoiuit of the shortness of the days and of the .severity of the weather. At that sea.sou the interval" be- tween landlord and tenant, master and servant. was les.s marked tlian through the rest of the year. Where there i.s much cn.joyment there "will be some excess ; yet, on the wh()le, thes])irit in which tlie holiday was ke])t was not unworthy of a Chri.stiiin festival. The Long Parliament gave orders, in 1644, that the S.'Jth of Decem- ber should be strictly ob.served as a fast, and that all men should pass it in humbly bemoan- ing the great national .sin which they and their fath(!rs had so often committed on that day by romping under the mistletoe, eating boar's head, and drinking ale flavored with roasted apples. No public act of that time seems to have irri- tated the common people more. — ^M.vcailay's Eno., ch. 2. §52. CHURCH, Attendance at. Compvhory. [In 1581 Parliament pas.sed an enactment by which those who said mass or attended mass, or did not attend church, were subject to heavy penalties.] — Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 12. §53. . Puntam. [In 16r)3 the Puritans punished non-attendants at cliurch.] " Catlierine Martlett, widow, upon iicr own con- fession, (lid absent liers,h. The colony . . . assumed a military oigani/.a- lioii ; and Standisli, a man of the greatest ciair- age, the de\()led friend of the church, which lie never .joined, was appointed to the cliii'l com- mand. — l{.\.N(HoKT's r. S., vol. 1, ch. H. «55. CHURCH, Bloody. I/ii;/iinii>l.s in Fforiila. The Spanish were masters of the port. A scene of carnage ensued ; soldiers, women, children, the aged, the sick, were alike mas.sacred. . . . .\fter tlie carnage! was completed mass was said, acro.ss was raised, and the site for a church select- ed, on ground still si.,oking with the blood of ii lieaceful colony. . . . So easv can fanaticisiu connect acts of savag(; firocity with the rites of 11 merciful religion. ... |in all i)()0 were killed.] — U.v.nckokt's Hist, ui'' U. S., vol. ], ch. 2. W.'SO. CHURCH, Caste in the. Aamn Hnvr. The clergyman tiieii urged iiim again to reiM'iitance ; advised him to return, like ihe i)rodigal son, to attend church and devote his futun; life to good works. Colonel Ilurr interruiited his visitor, and said : " You don't seem to know how I am viewed b}' the religious public, or by those who resort to your churches. Where is there a man among all such whom I would hi; willing to meet, and who would welcome me into his jiew ? Of your own congregation, would , or , or give me a .seat? These are our merchant ]>rinces — men who give tone to Wall Sti^eet, and fix the standard of mercantile morals in ourcitj'. Would they make Aaron liurr a welc<)nie visitor to ycair church ? Hatlier, indeed, I may ask, would you yourself do so ? How would you feel walking up the aisle with me, and o])cniiig your pew door for my entrance ?" Dr. Matthews re- ]ilied that such an event would give him .<;real pleasure. " Then," said Burr, "you would in- dulge your feelings of kindness at the exix'nsc; of your usefulness as the nunister of your con- gregation." — Cvci.orEm.v ov IJioci., p. ll'J. N57. CHURCH conservative. Joiuch IL The Church of England was, in his view, a passive victim, which he might, without danger, outrage and torture at his pleasure ; nor did lu; ever see his error till the universities were preparing to coin their i)late for the purpose of supplying the military chest of his enennes, and till a bishop, long renowned for loyalty, had thrown aside his cassock, girt on a sword, and taken the com- mand of a regiment of insurgents. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 6. §5S. CHURCH corrupted. Pronpfriti/ . When a sect becomes jjowerf ul, when its favor is the road to riches and dignities, worldly and ambitious men crowd into it, talk its language, conform strictly to its ritual, mimic its peculiarities, and frequently go beyond its honest members in all the outward indications of zeal. No discernment, no watchfulness on the part of ecclesiastical rulers, can prevent the intrusion of s.'ch falso n \0\ (■mi{(i[. Iirciliicti. The liircM niid flic wlirnt iinist trrow topllicr. Soon ilic wnrld liciriiiH lotliid nut tliiit tlic piiily lire not licdcr lliaii (illicr men, iind ar^nics, wiili some justice, tliiit, if iiui liciii r, tiicy rmiMt lie iimcii worse. In no |()ii;f titiie all lliose (iiirr.s wliieli weri' roniierly reyiii'ded as elianie- J4'risiie of a sniiil are reLninled as eliaraeleristie /if a knave, — Macaii.ay'h IOmi., cli, '_'. W5». CHURCH, A costly. SI. S././i/.i. Tlie dome of St. Sophia, iiltiniinaled liy foiirand- twenty windows, is formed with so small ii curve, that the depth is c(|ind only to one sixth of its diameter ; th'- measure of that diameter is ^m^' hiindnd and tlfteen feel, and the lofty i'cntrc, \vhei'(^ a crescent has sii|)planted the cross, rises to the perpendicular heii^ht of on(^ hundred and eighty feet, ahove the imvemeiit. The circle which cncompas.ses the dome li!,ditly ri,'|ioses on four stron;; arches, and their weiirht is flrndy supported hy four massy ])iles, whose strength is assisted, on the northern and southern sides, by four columns of Kiryplian ;i;ninit(-. . . . The solid piles whi(^h contained the cupola were (•omi)osed of huii:itals of the pillars, the orna- ments of the doors antl iralleries were of fjilt bronze ; the spectator was dazzled by the jrlitter- injl as]iect of the cui)olu ; the sanctuary con- tained forty thousand pound weiii:ht of silver, and the lioly vases and vestments of the altar Avere of the purest jrold, enriched with ines- timable L'^enis. Before the structure of the churih had arisen two cubits above the tfi'ound .£45,200 were already consumed ; and tlie whole expense amounted to .£;520.000 ; each reader, accordinixto the measure of his belief, may esti- mate their value either in/i'old or silver ; but the sum of .£1,000,000 sterlinir is the result of the lowest conijmtation. A ma.irniticent temple is a laudable monument of national taste and reli.u- ion ; and the enthusiast who entered the dome of St. Sophia might be tempted to suppose that it was the residence, or even the workmanship, of the Deitv, Yet how dull is the artifice, how Insijrnillcant is the labor, if it be eompiired with the formation of the vilest insect thatiTiiwlH up- on the surface of the temple ! [i^irn No. SOa.]— GimioN'rt Komi;, ch. 40, ««M). CHURCH de«eoration. /A'/w/i. fin l«4ft Cromwell used St, I'aul's, in Loml to stiibh! his cavalrv. An Italian jtassinj,' the Knmd old (}olhie cnihedral, and seeing it full of horses, tau"le( tin' new Icinpic, ^vlll(•ll at III!' end i)f I'nrty dayn wan slrciiiioiiHly tiiidi'i'laki'ii liyliii' piety of .liistiiiiaii. Tiic niiiH wiTc cleared awav, a iiKire spaeiniiH plan was dcHcrilied, and, as ii retpiiied the consent of some ])i°oprieloi's of ground, tlicy olilained llie most exorliitant Icrnis from the eai,'er desires and timorous conscience of the monarch. Anlhe- mius formed the desi(). §72. CHURCH, Neglect of. Uiproof. [I{(!V. Wil- liam Grimshaw, an early lOnglish Methodist, of eccentric nuimier,] frei|uenlly would jireach be- fore the doors of such as neglected the parisli worship. " If you will not come to hear me at the church," ho would say on these occasions, "you shall hear me at home; if you perish, vou .shall ix'rifh with the sound of the Gospel in your ears." — Stkvkns' Mkthouii |o>i,s (if their (iuy l'"ii\\k('S, the liMiliariiins ro-e upon him, iind he iiad u narrow escupe from llieir \ io ^ lencc — Smith's Cowim.ic, eli. ;i, *ir«. CHUKCH, Rebuilding, I'mriih m-r. |'riie InhaiiitantH of .Mecca | delilierated on IIk^ recon- struction of the Kiial'a, or the temple, which was crumlilinj; with w^v, and of which the pil frrinis deplored the ruin. I'lely imiielled them, but revcience restrained them. A Uoiiian vessel liavini; Huirered shipwreck, precisely at this juncture, upon liie shoals of the He'd Sea not far from .Mecca, ca.';t upon the coast some wood. Iron, and ii cariienlcr, who escaped the wreck. A divine aujjury was, of course, manifest in this celestial succor of materials, and an artisan to ply them, liut at the moment of commenciiii; to repair thi' lolterini^ walls, there was no one who dared strike them the (irsi lilow. At last Walid, with less Jiiety, or more hardihood than IdH compatriots, took uj) a cn^wliar, and cried in lifting,' it to j^dvc \\w wall a imnch, " I)o not l)faii>,ny with us, () (Jod of Ahraham ! what we arc'doiii!,' we do tlirou;;h piety." 'I'liewall tum- bled, and Walid was not slriass the nii^lit before proceedinir, to Ix- well as- sured thai no divine vengeance would punish till! material sacriletrc! of Walid. lie emer^'cd from his house ne.xt mornin,!^ safe nnd sound. riio Klioreishites, on his llrst appcnranci, took C'onlldcnce and continued the demolition. — \,\ M.\IITINK'S TlI{Ki;V, J). «."). ^77. CHURCH or Self. Rss perma- nent than (he resentment of the priest ; and after the hen sy of Arnold had been condemned by Innocent H. in the general council of tln> Laleran, Ihe magistrates themselves were urged by prejudice and fear to execute Ihe seii- t("nce of the church.' Italy could no longer alford a refuge ; and the disciple of Abelard es-^ caped beyond the Alps, till he found a safe aiai hosiiitalile refuge in Zurich, now the lirsi of lh(\ Swiss cantons, [lie accomplished a revolulion. and I enjoyed, or dcploieil, the elTects of lii.i. mission ; his reign continued above ten years, while two popes — IiiiKHcnt II. and Anasta- siuH I\'. — either trembled in the Valicin, or wandered as exiles in the adjacent cities. . . . After his retreat from Rome Arnold had beeu protected by the viscounts of Campania, from whom he was extorted by Ihe power of Cie.sar , the prefect of the city ])ronounced his sentence : the martyr of freedom was burnt alive in tho prescnce'of a careless and ungrateful people ; and his ashes were cast into the Tiiier, l heretics should collect and worship them. — GiiuioNS Ro.Mi;, ch. (10. NWO. CHURCH, State. AV/Z/V/ . The church, in so far as it was a civil estnblishnient, wiis the creature of Parliament ; astat\ile enacted the ar- ticles of its creed, as well as its book of jjrayer ; it was not even intrusted with a co-ordinate pow- er to reform its own abuses ; any altemiil to have done so would have been treated as a usurpa- tion ; amendment eovdd proceed only from Par- liament. — Hanckokt'w U. S., vol. r,, ch. i. »8I. CHURCH and State. Sit/lrmcnt »/ Xrin lliiirii. Wy the influence of Davenport [the pas- tor of the colonists] it was solemnly resolved, that the Scripltires are the perfect rule of tin; commonwealth ; the jiurity and peace of the or- dinance to themselves an( llie noliilitv mid preliiles at. ( 'laretidon. where the followlii;,^ retjiilatioiiH were enacted; 'I'liMt chiircli men when accused of crimes should he tried in \\w civil Durts : that the kiii»W4. CHUBCH support. V"l)i>i/(in/. Tithe, lit first a fruu gift, hecame estahlished as a riirlit by law. . , . What we now call the voluntary ]irinciplo entered very liirjj;ely into the means of the Sa.xon clergy, in addition to their tithes and their glebe, [a.d. OaH-yTn.J — Knkjut'h EN(i., vol. 1, eh. 10, p. 140. »S5. CHURCHES blended. Jiomiin CuthoHr and ProUxtiint. [Afti r the accession of f]li/abetli the Catholic service was modified and more ac- ceptable to Protesttints.] A priest would cele- brate mass at his parsonage for the more rigid Catholics, and administer the new communion in ♦•hurch to the more rigid Protestants. Some- times both parties knelt togetlier at tht; same al- fiir-rails, the one to receive hosts consecrated by the priest at home after the old usage, the other wafers consecrated in chun h after the new. — I!i>-T, oK Kmi. l'i;ori,i , ^ Ti»".'. hH4l. CHURCHES without Initruotlon. /.'< /'//' <'.f F.li^iiliilli. { )ii|y in the few liliiees v\ here the more /ealoiis of the reformers hail xcttleil was llicii" any religious insiriielion. " In many places," it was reported after ten years of the (lueen's rule, "the jicople cannot yet Miy their eommand- iiieiils. and in soiiie not the articles of their be- lief.' Nalurnlly enoi irh, the bulk of IjiLdtslunen Were fiiillid to be " utterly devoid of lelitdoll," and Clime to chiirch " iis to 11 .May game." — Ills!'. OK r,N(l, Pi;ol'l,l'., ^ 7./'- iiiiihr. I When Alexander the (inal was niareh- iiig iigaiiisl the Persians, he| received a letter from hiiriiis, in which the prince proposed, on condition of a |iiicilicatioii iiiul future frieiidshiii, to |iiiy him 10,1)1)0 laleiils in ransom of the pris i>iiers : to cede to him all the countries on this side the Kuphrales, and to give him his dnii^h- ter in miirriage. I'pon his cominuiiicMtinir these proposals to his friends, Pariiieiiio |oiie of his generals| said: " If I were .\lexaiider, I would accept them." "So Would I," said .Mexaiider, " if ! were Parnieiiio." The answer he gave Darius was, that if he would come to him, he should tind the best of trealnient ; if not, lie miisl go and .M'ck him. — Pi.rT.vitcu's Ai.kx.\m>i:u. filWW. CITIES, Importance of. Ilmrii l.tlu; h'liirL r. To this prince (ieriiiaiiy owes the foun- dation of her cities; for befoie this period, ex- cepting the castles on the mountains, the seats of j the barbarous noliilitv w ho lived by plunder, and I the convents, (Hied with an useless herd of cccle- j siasties, the bulk of the |(eople lived dispersed in lonely fariiiH and villages. The towns built by Henry were surrounded with walls, and regular- ly fortilied ; they were cM|ialile of coiilaining a, considerable number of inhabii'OM . , ...id, in or- der that they might be s]ieedil\ jieopled, it was enjoined by tla; sovereign that every ninth man should remove himself, with his whole elTects, from the country, and settle in the nearest town. — TvTi,i;ii's Hist., liook (5, cli. 1. WNO. CITIES, Poverty in. lioinr. .In venal la- ineiits, as it should .seem from his own cxjie- rieiice, the hardships of the poorer citizens, to whom he addresses the salutary advice of eini- griiting, without delay, from the smoke of Koine, since they might iiurchase, in the little towns of Ital.v, a cheerful, commodious dwelling, at the same pric(; which they aiinuallv paid for a tlaik and miserable lodging. House-rent was there- fore immoderately dear; the rich aciiuired, at an enormous (fxpeii.si', the ground, which they covered with palaces and gardens ; liuMliebody of the Homan people was crowded into a narrow space, and the dilTerent tloors and apartments of the .same house were divided, as it is still the custom of Paris and other cities, among .several families of plebeians. — Gihiion"s Komk, cli. 31. S90. CITI'^S, Ungovernable. TmikJh,,. In IMO a ])roclamation was issued against the erection of new buildings in London. Tho number of beggars, it alleged, was increa.std ; there was greater danger of fin; and tho plague . . . the trouble of governing so great a multitude was become too great. . . . By the increase of build- ings, it is said, " great infection of sickness, and II 100 ( rrizKN-< iTV. (Ii'iirtli of vlctiiiklH ami fiul, Imlli ^rown itiiil t'ti.Hiii'il, iinil initiiy irllr. sitKriitil, iiml wlikccl iMTNoiiK liiiNc liurlmrrd ilicn ." - K nkiii i'm IOsu., viil, :t, ( h. i;. I«0 1. CITIZEN, Duty of the. I'liliinlix,,,. Illnc lliiiis. till- Kiiiiiiiii St'riJilor, WHS imidi' ii ('i>iihiiI.| l'rnx|i<'rr Hcli'iM'c ami the cunHciouNncHsoj' vlihu', llortliinH inl;zlit liuvi' Itci'ti Mt\li'(i lni|i|iv, If tlial Itri'cariiins cpjilici coiild muI'cIv licaiipliiii licruii' tlio l.iHt Irrni of the lite of man. A |iliiloso|i|ii'r lilxTal in Ills wcailli and parsinionions nf his time iniulil III- inscnsilili' lo ilic comnion alliirc- incnts of aniliitioii, ilic tliirsi of ^old and rin- ploynii'iit. And soiiic cri'dil may lie due to the Msscvcralion of MoctliiiiH, thai hiTliad irlmtantly olicyrtl the divine IMato, who enjoins cvefv vir- liioiis cili/.cn to rcsini' the State from the nsnr ]mlion of vice and i^'iioranee,-— (iiiiiioNM Uu.mi;, eh. :;loried in her >;enerMI,, cli. 2. «f>:|. CITIZENSHIP, Honor of. Ihlirar. |In 1H|;{ he succeeded in drivin;j; tlie Spaniards from the soil of Venezuela lifter a terrible stru;r;,de ■with lirutal enemies. He then resifjned liiscoin- iiiission after tlu; e.\ainple of WasliinK'oii. TIk' Spaniards renewed (he war, and (leneral Holivar, amid Ln'cat disasters, led his patriot army to the fontlict.l Till! career of Jiolivar, henceforth, ■was one of almost unliroken victory ; and, after foiiryearsof terrihlo warfare, the Spanish (Jov- (•rnmeiit was compelled to treat for peace, and to coiiced(! the inde]>en(lenc(! of tli(( I'nitcd He- laililics. Airiiiii 15i)livar ri'sij,'ned his commis- sion as ireiieral and dictator. In his address to Con.irress, lie said : " I am the child of camps. Uattles have liorne iiio to the chief ina/rislraey, mid the fortune of war has sustained me in it ; Imt a ])ower like that which has been coiilided lo me is danu^eroiis in a repiililiean <,'overnnieiit. I jirefcr the title of Soldier to that of Jiilier- ator ; and, in descendiii;f from the Presidential chair, I aK])ire only to merit the title of good citizen." — CY('i,ori:i)i.v ok Hi()ii.,p. 4iiO. »9I. CITIZENSHIP, Intelligent. Spart<)W('rM of tlin Heverill functioliar'es of the Niate, and the de- ll. led duties and ri^lils which belon)(eii lo Iho kiiiKs, the maclstrates, and the clli/eiis. Henco arose (more than pcr'i.ips from any other caii^^') that permaiiciii f constitution which has b<'< n so Jusily the adminilion both of ancient ai d modern |ioliiicians ; fir w here all orders of men know Iheir precise rights and duties, and there are laws siitllcient to secure to them Hie one and protect them in the exercise of the other, there will nirelv be a fiiciloiis stru^fxle for power or pre eminence ; as all inordinate ambi tioii will lie most ctTectually repressed by a ^'eiicral spirit of \iLriliiiiie and caution, as well as the ditllculty and danv'er attendant on iniio vatioiis. -Tv ii,i;n s llisr.. Monk l.ch.O. W»5. CITY, Blewingi of the. 'J'/im: [At tlio beirimiiiiK of III"' sixth (fiitiiry the] nobles of Uoiiie were llatlered by Honoroiis epithets and formal professions of respect, which had been more .justly applied to the merit and authority of llii'ir ancestors. The people enjoyed, with- out fear or daliirer, the three lile.ssin>,'s of ii capilal— order, |ilenty, and public iimusemout.s. — (Jiiiiio.NS Uo.Mi;, eh. ;(ll, 0*9«. CITY, Contaminating:. Itonw. After a nionlh's residence in the cloister of " S. Marin del I'opolo," on the " I'iazzii del I*i)|)oli)," liiitlier set out on his return home. Ih; had not tarried longer than was necessary ; for, said he, •' Whoever goes to Home for the lirst time is looking for a rogni' ; whoever goes again will tiiid him ; and whoever goes the third time will return with him." — I{i;in'h liiiTincu, cli. 4, p. :t!). WOT. CITY, Eita jlishment of a. Atuuiiitn. At the foundation of a city the priests and all em- ployed leajied over a lire ; then they made ii v\v- cular e.veavalion, into which lliey threw the lirst-fruits of the season, and some liandfuls of earth brought from the native city by the foun- ders. The entrails of victims were ne.\t consult- ed ; and if favorable, they iiroceeded to traeo th(^ limits of the. town with u line of chalk. 'I'his track they then marked by a furrow, with a iiloiigh drawn by a white bull and heifer. , . . The ceremony was concluded by a gri'iit sacri- fice to the tutelar gods of the city, who wens solemnly invoked. — TvTi.ini's Hist., Jiook '6, eh. 1. SON. CITY, Populous. Vitimr. If wc adopt the same average, which, under similar circum- stances, has been found applical)l<> to Paris, and indiirereiitly allow about twenty-tive jier.son.s for each house, of every degree, w(! may fairly es- timate the inhabitants of Honii! at twelve lum- dred thousand — ii number which c-nnot be thought excessivi! for the capital of a mighty enijiire, though it exceeds the populousness of the greatest citiesof modern Knrope — Giiuson's Ho.ME cli. ai. SOO. CITY, Sins of the. Alinihim J/inc,,ln. [Hisanecdoteof Mr. Camiibell, once Secretary of State for Illinois.] A cadaverous-looking man, with rt white neck-doth, . . . informed that Mr. Campbell l- ul the letting of the Hall of Repre- sentatives, he wished, if jnissible, to secure it for a course of lectures. ..." What is lo be the sub- ject V" , . . " The Second Coming of our Lord." CITY -CIVILIZATION, 10 " It in (if rill \iM(>," Miilil T'liniplH'!! ; " If yini will titkf my lulvicr, ynti will tiiil witHlc your tiiiu' In tills city. It i>4*iiiy |iriviitr rlii)Lrtlt'lil mifi, lie will ti. vrr rriinc Mil' Hccnllil lime," - It VYMiiNK H |,IM (||,N, p. Tilt fMM>. CITY, VlcM of thi. I.ouihm. Kvny nice (if I'Vrry iiiitliiii aliiilrs tlicri', uml liiivr ilicir liriMiirlit tlii'lr vIcch. It Is t'lill nf irniiililrrs imd Iiuiiilt'i'M, dt' l)niv''!.^tiilni'iiis and lliiltt"'('i'M. nl' liiil' 4 iiiiil fnrliiiii' Irllci's, (if I'Miirlionirs ami in.iKi. lUH.] Kmuiii'h I'Imi,, vuI. 1, l. CIVILIZATION, Dangeri of. Itomonx. AVIirli wi' I'l'Ciillrcl till' I'lillllilt'tr ai'lllnr iif till' HoiiiMii siililiiTs, ilii'ir iliNcliiliiic, exerciser, CVn lilliiiiiM. I'orlillril ('aiiip>4. anil niilitary rii^diirs. It iipprai-H a JiimI iiialtir iif siirprisi', Imw tlir niikiil anil uiiaMMlHicd valiir nf tlic liiiiliariaiis cniild (Ian* III ciicdUiitiT, III till' lli'ld, tin' stri'ii^lli of tlif legions and tlic various lroii|is of llic iiiixil- laricM, wliicli Hccoiidrd Ilicir operations. Tlic ciiiilcst wa.s too tincipial, till llic introiluctioii of luxury had enervated the vitror, iiiiil a spirit of (liMoliedlcnce and Ncdllioii liiid icImmiI the ills cipliiic of the Hoiiiiiii aniiics.- (!iiiii(i.,'s UomI':, ell. 0, p. 27:>. OO'i. CIVILIZATION, Demands of. Sir Fran- ciH Dnthr. It thus appears that this lirave iiiaii Hiiciit his lit> ill warring upon the Spaniards. What ouj!;lit we to think of liini ? Was he a liuceaiH'cr, or a jialriot sailor wairiii^.' Ic^Mliniiitc warfare '/ I answer the (piestiou thus : The Worst iiiiin of whom history /rives any account, and \\w most, forniidahlc enemy modern clvili- /alioii liashad toi.'iicouiiler, was I'hilip II., Kin).r of S|min. Ill) was a moody, ijriioraiit, cruel, (tensual, cowardly hypocrite. So lonj; as that atrocious tyrant wielded tlii! resources of the HpiiniHli monarchy — then the most powerful on oartli — lh(! lirsl iiileresl of human nature was the rediK'tioii of lii.s power. To do this was the jrrciit object and tli(( almost ceaseless elTorl of C)uecii Elizaheth and the I'rotestunt powers in alliance with her. In lendiii); a hand to this work Fran- f'is Drake WHS ti^htini; on the side of civlli/.ation, and prepariiij? the way for such an Americii as we see around u.s now ; for, in liiniliiiK the ])ower of Philip, Ik; was rescniiiir the fairest ])or- lions of Americii from the; hiifrht of Sjiaiiish su- lierstition, !Si)anish cruelly, and Spanish narrow- ness. That he fouirht liis .share of this tijrlit in a wild, roiiirh, huccaneerinir manner, was the fault of his ago more than his own. — C-'vci.ori':- DI.V OK Hiod., p, !{(il, 003. CIVILIZATION, Effete. (Irnhn. Tliesit- niition of i\\v. (Jrecks [wlio litid been compicred riv the Itomans] was very dilTerciit from that of \lie barbariims |coii(|uered by them]. The former had been loni^ since civili/.ed and cor- rupted. They had too much taste to reliiKjuisli their )aniru,i;j:e, and too much vanity to adopt any foreiLjn institutions. Still jireservinj^ tlu' ])reju(liees after they had lost the virtues of their ancestors, they afl'ectcd to despi.se the unjiolish- i*d manners of this Honian coiupierors, while they were compelled to res])e('t their superior wi.sdom and power. — Giuuon's Rome, ch. 2, p. 45. 004. CIVILIZATION, Failure of. Aineriran hi- dians. [In 1817 the Indian nations of what was formerly know II astlie North Western Territory ceded to the I nihil Slates certain IniclM of land, lyiiitf chletlv In Ohio, for money and cer lain aiinuillt s. ] A reservalioii of cerlaln InicN, Minoiinliiiu In the \x\i)ir< irate lo aboiil three hiiii I ilred Ihousaiiil acres, was iiiiide by the red iniiii with the apiirovid of Ihe (>siliv() eiiaclmeiils or laws, enforced by certain penal- ties, which are various in their kind and in their degree, aeconling to tlu? slate of .society at the lime of their formation, — Tytlkuk Hist, , Rook 1, ch. ;i, OOr. CIVILIZATION, Late. Ii'>ism,i>is. Till the middle of Ww tifteenth century the Russians were an uiKoiineited multitude of wandering tribes, professing dillerenl religions, and most of them yet idolaters. A sovereign, or duke, of Uussia paid a tribute to the Tartars of furs and callle to restrain their depredations, — Tyti.kk's llisr. , Hook (t, ch. ;{.">, ji. 47H. OOW. CIVILIZATION misrepresented. 7o Awfr- ii-iiii Indimis. I Vera/.zimo, Ihe Italian, exiilored the American coast,] The savages were more humane than their guests. A young sailor, who had nearly been drowned, was revived by tlii! courtesy of the natives; the voyagers roblied n mother of her child, and attempted to kidnap a young woman. . . . The native.', of the more northern region were liostile and jealous . . . perhaps this coast had been visitcii for slaves ; its inhabitants had bcicome wise enough to dread the vices of Europeans. — Bancroft's Hist, ok U. S., vol. l.ch. 1. .>' los CIVILIZATIOX-CLAIUVOVANCi; 90». CIVILIZATION, Origin of modern. Ilo TiiitiiM — (IfniKUiK. ,M. (iiii/oi . . . siiv>< tlml aiiHin;; liic clcincnts of iiKxtrni civiliziiiion. t|ic spirit of jciiuliiy or rc,i;iiliir iissocinlioii wiis de- rived from tile !{oiiiiiii worid, from tiie iniwiici- piililies Mild tlie Hoiiian laws. From Hie (termiiiH ciime tile sjiiril of personid lilierly. — Iv.NKiiir'h Hn(J., voi. 1, eii. ;S, p. 4». » I O. CIVILIZATION, Progress of. (I r r c / s. 'Die jiiiorijiiimi (Jreeivs, under tiie vurious ile- iiominiilioiis of Pelnsiii, Aoiies, Iliiiiites, LelcLres, etc., were a nice of savaices who dwelt in cav- erns, and are said to have lieen so liarliaroiis as to liv(! wiliioi t any suliordinalion to a cliief or leader, to have fed on human flesh, and to have been ijj;norant, of the use of .'re. — Tyti, Kit's Hist., Hooli I, eh. «, p. r,2. Oil. . JiritdiiH. The Hritons projier from thr interior showe;ietlier with promis- cuous unrestraint. — FUOfDK's C.KS.Ml, ch. l(j. 912. CIVILIZATION, Eevival of. ad. 148.-)- 1.514. The world was pa.ssing through changes more iiiomentous than any it had witnessed since flic vict< ry of Christianity and the fall of the Roman Eini)ire. Its phy.sical bounds we're sud- denly enlarged. The discoveries of ('operiii' us revealed to man the secret of the universe. I'or- tiiguese mariner" doubled tlie V-n\M' of Good Hope and anchored their merchant tleets in the liarbors of India. Columbus cros.se(l tlie iiiitrav- crsed ocean to add a Is'ew World to the Old. Seliastian Cabot, starting from the jiort of 15ris- lol, threiuhd his way among the icebergs of Lalirador. This sudden contact with new lands, new faiths, new races of men, quickened the slumbering intelligence of Europe into a.strang(> curiosity. Tiie tir.-'t book of voyages that told of th(! western world, thi) travels of Amerigo Vcsjjucci, were .soon "in everybody's liands." The " Utopia" of More, in its wide range of speculation on every subject of liuman thought and action, tells us how roughly and utterly the narrowness and limitation of liuman life had been broken up. At the very hour when the in- tellecluid energy of the middle ages liad sunk into exhaustion the captun; of Constantinople by the Turks and the flight of its Greek scholars to the shores of Italy opened anew the science and literature of an older world. The exiled Greek scholars were welcomed in Italy ; a'.d Florence, so long the home of freedom and of art, became the liome of an intellectual revival. — Hist, of Eno. People, 55 .W;]. 913. CLAMOR, Dangerous. Popnlnr. The Em- peror A'aleus, who, at length, liad removed liis court ii.id army from Antior,ni. Cleiiii liiie.Hs is the Ivcy ol prayer ; lliv fre((iieiil lustra- lion of the iiands, the face, and the ixxly, wiiicli was practised of old l)y the Arahs, is solemnly enjoined l)y the Koran ; and a permission is for- m.'dly irranled to sui)ply with sand liie scarcity of water. — (Juuio.n's Uomk, ch. .>((. 017. CLEANLINESS, Reaction .-igainst. JmniH Wdll'K Soil. I'riie second Mrs. Walt | was a tiirifty Scotch housewife, and s\icli was her i)as- sion for cleanliness, that slie taiiirht her pet dotrs to wi|)(^ their feet on the doormats. Ilcr ])ro- pensity was carried toajjitch which often fretted luT son liy the restrainis it imposed, [llesaid to a ladyl". . . / lore dirt. — S.mii.ks' Bhikk 15i- OdU.M'IMKS, J). 41. »I8. CLEMENCY, Appeal to. Of Mnhomct. [After the coiKpiest of Mecca] several of the most ohnoxions victims were iiidehted for their lives to his clemency or contempt. 'I'lie chiefs of the Korei.sh were* jirost rale at bi.s feet. "What mercy can you expect from the man whom you have wronujed V" " U'o confide in tlieffenerosity of our kinsman." " And you shall not contidein vain : heirone ! you are safe, you are free." The lieople of Mecca deserved their i)ardon by the l)rofe.ssion of Islam. — Giiujo.n's Ko.mk, ch. 50. 9I». CLEMENCY, Vile. James IT. None of the traitors had less ri,i!;ht to exiiecl favor than Wade, CiDodenoui^h, and Ferjiruson. These three chiefs of the rebellion [in (Scotland] 1 .id tied loj^ether from the field of Sed^emoor. . . . AViide and Goodenoujuh were yoon discovered and brou^iht up to London. Deeply as they had been implicated in the Ilye House Plot, conspic- uous as they had been among the chiefs of the Western insurrection, they were .suffered to live, because they had it in their power to give infor- mation which enabled the king to slaughter and plunder [through JefTrey.s' court] .some persons whom he hated, but to whom he had never been able to bring home any crime. — M.vcaul.vy's Eng., ch. 5. 920. CLEEGY, Arrogance of. PoliUcresent- edas living " upon citizens' trenchers, and were it not that they were pitiful and charitable to them, there was no possibility of subsistence." — Kmcuit's Enc, vol. 8, ch. 30, p. 48G. 930. CLERGY, Interference of. W(tr. [The Crusaders, after a struggle of t wo years, captured the city of Dannetta.] After it was taken it was lost by the folly of the pope's legate, who pre- tended that, in right of his master, he had a title to regulate the disposition of the army as well as the cluirch. By his orders they were encamped between two branches of the Nile, at the very time when it began its periodical inundation. The Sultan of Egypt assisted its operation by a little art, and, by means of canals and slinces, contrived entirely to deluge the Christians on one ,.ide, while he Inirnt their ships on the other. In this extrenuty they entreated an accommodation, and agreed to restore Damietta and return into Phamicia, leaving their king, John de Brienne, as an ho.stage. — Tytleh's Hist., Book 6, vol. 9. 931. CLEROY, Labor of the. Xcedof. [Burnet exhorted the clergy of his own time] to " labor more," instead of cherishing extravagant notion.s of the authority of the Church. If to an exem- plary course of' life in their own persons " clergv- nun woidd add a little more labor — not only performing public ofllices, . . . but . . . making their calling the business of their whole life, their own minds would be in l)etter temper, and their people would show more esteem " and re- gard for them. — Knicut's Exo., vol. 5, ch. 4, p. 59. 932. CLEROY, Lost. " Dnmncth" C\\rjms,iom declares his free opinion that the number of bish- CLERGY 111 ops who might be saved bore n very snmll ])r()- portioii to those who would be dimuied. — Notk IN Giiujon's Uomk, ch. ;J2. 933. CL£R07, Marriage of. lirif/n of Clun-lm If. With his cure lie was expected to tidic u wife ; tlie wife had ordinarily iu'eii in the i)a- troii's service ; and it was well if she was not suspected of standing too hii,di in the; i)atron's favor. . . , An Oxonian . . . complained bitterly, not only that the country attorney and the co\in- try apothecary looked (l(jwn with disdain on the country cleri,ryniati, but that one of the lessons most earnestly inc\dcatcd on every girl of lioii- orable family was to give no encouragement to a lover in orders, and that if any lady forgot this precept, she was almost as nuicli >lisgraced as by an illi(;it amour. C!larendon, who assur- cflly bore no ill-will to the Church, mentions it as a sign of the confusion of ranks which the' Great JtcOjellion bad jiroduced, that some dam- ,sels of noble families had bestowed themselves on divines. A waiting woman was generally considered as the most stutable helpmeet for a parson. Q'"^*-'" Klizabeth, as head of the Church . . . issued special orders that no clergyman should presume to marry u servant-girl without the consent of lier master or mistress. — M.v- caui.ay'h En'(}., ch. 8. 934. CLEBOT, Militant. Pope Julius IT. JiUius II., the successor of Alexander VI., was u pontiff of great political abilities, of a b(jl(l and ambitious character, and consummately skilled in the art of war. It was he who em])loy(ul Michael Angelo to cast his statue in brass, and when the sculptor would have i)ut a book in his hand, " No," said he, "give me a sword, I uu- derstand that better than a breviary." — Tytleii's Hist., Book 6, ch. 14. 935. . Prior John. About this time [May, 1.514] Prior John, great cajjtain of the Frencli navy, with his galleys and foists, charged with great basilisks and otlier great ar- tillery, came on the border of Sus.sex, and came aliin(l on the night at a poor village in Sussex IJrighthelmstone ; and ere the watch coidd him descry he set tire on the town, and took such poor goods as lie found. Then the watch tired the beacons, and people began to gather ; which seeing, Prior John sounded his trumpet to call his men aboard, and by that time it was day. Then six arche:s which kei)tthe watch followed Prior John to the sea and shot so fast that they beat the galley men fnmi the shore, and Prior John himself waded to the foist. [The bold prior himself was shot with an arrow in the face ; and he offered an image of himself, with the identical arrow sticking in the waxen check, in gratitude to our Lady at Boidogne for saving his life by miracle. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 17, p. 274. 936. CLERGY, Neglect of the. Sirinl Erilx. In the beginning of the eigliteenth century, and long after, wesecnostruggh' against great social evils on the part of the clergy. Every attempt at social reform was left to the Lcgi.slature, which was utterly indifferent to those manifes- tations of wretchedness and crime; that ought to have been dealt with by the strong hand. — Knioiit's En(i., vol. ,'), ch. 4, p. 60. 937. CLERGY, Patriotic. Siege of Paris. Tlie Normans aiijilied the battering rams to the walls, and effected a breach, but were bravely beat off l)y the besieged. The venerable IJishop Gosse- lin, iin honor to his character and profession, re- paired everv day to the ramparts, set \viii;j: wci'c imh- tishcd :| " Wanted a curacy in a ,unod sporiiui^ country, Avhcrc tlic duly is li^i'h; luid the neiirh- liorhood convivial." . . . |i{ev. Dr. AVarner, a ]io]iu!ar preacher,] desires Lord Selwyn to send luni " the niaifii/ine, witli tii(^ delicate amours of liie nol)le lord, .viiieli must. i)e very diverlini,^" lie describes a diiuier witli two friends : " \\'e have just parted in a toh'rahle state of ir.sensi- !)iii1y to tiie ills of life." " I liav(! been preach- infi; tins mondnir, and am jroiiii^ to dine — where ? — in th(^ afternoon. We shall l)olt llie door and (but, Jnisli ! .softly ! let mv. whisper it, for it is u violent secret, and I shall be blown to th(! devil if I blab, as in tins house we are Noah and lu.s jirecise familv) — jilay cards." — Kmuut's Eno., vol. 7, ch. (1, p. lO'J. 912. CLERGY rejected. Ivchnul. Q\ieon Eliz- nlx'th . . . established the Protestant Episco- pal (;hure]i [in Ireland]. Tlic Anglican prel- ates and priests, divide(l from the Irish by the insuiierable barrier of language, were quartered upon tlie land, shepherds witliout sheep, pastors witlioiit people ; strangers to the inhabitants, wanting not them but theirs. The churdies went to ruin ; the lienefleos went to men who were held as foreigners and heretics, and who liad no care for the Irish but to comjjel them to pay tithes. The inferior clergy were ... as im- moral as they were illiterate. — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 5, ch. 4. 943. CLEEOY, Secular, linnnins. This di- vision of the Indian castes is characteristic of a very singular state of society. The four princi- pal ca.stes, or tribes, are the bramins, the sol- diers, tlie husbandmen, and the meclianios. The branuns, as we have already observed, are the priests, who, like the Roman Catholic clergy, are some of them devoted to a life of regular disci- pline, as the different orders of monks ; and others, like the secular clergy, mix in the world, and enjoy all the freedom of social life. — Tyt- leh's lIisT., Book 6, ch. 23. 944. CLEEGY, Selfish. The Pope's. In 1343 the commons petitioned for the redress of the grievance of papal appointments to vacant liv- ings in despite of the rights of patrons or the Crown ; and Edward formerly complained to the pope of his appointing " forcitrners, most of them suspicious persons, who iinot reside on their benettces, who do not know the faces of the flocks intru.sted to them, wlio do not imderstand their language, but, neglecting the cure of souls, seek as hirelings only their worldly hire. " In yet sharper words tlie king rebuked the papal greed. " The successor of the apostles was set over the Lord's sheep to feed and not to shear them." The Parliament declared "that they neither could nor would tolerate such things any longer;" and the general irritation moved slowdy toward those statutes of provisors and prapmunire which heralded the policy of Henry VIII. — Hist, of Eng. People, t^ 821. 945. CLEBGY, Sleepy. Contagions. Bishop Burnet says . . . the main body of our clergy has always appeared dead and lifeless to mc, aiid. This ditHculty, however, was gradually van(iuislied. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 2. 94§. CLIMATE changes. Europe. Some in- genious Avriters have .suspected that Europe was much colder formerly than it is at present ; and the most ancient descriptions of the climate of Germany tend exceedingly to confirm their theory. . . .' I shall select two remarkable circum- stances. ... 1. The great rivers which covered the Roman provinces, the Rhine and the Danube, were fre(iuently froz.en over, and capable of supporting the most enormous weights. The barbarians, who often chose that severe sea.soa for their inroads, transported, without apprehen- sion or danger, tlieir numerous armies, their cav- alry, and their heavy wagons, over a vast and solid bridge of ice. Modern ages have not presented an in.stance of a like phenomenon. 2. The rein- deer, that useful animal, from whom tbe savage of the North derives the best comforts of his dreary life, is of a constitution that supports, and even requires, the most intense cold. He is found on the rock of Spitzberg, within tea degrees of the Pole ; he seems to delight in the snows of Lapland and Siberia ; but at present he cannot subsi.st, much less multiply, in any- country to the south of the Baltic. In the time of Cfpsar the reindeer, as well as the elk and the wild bull, was a native of the Ilercynian forest, which then overshadowed a great part of Ger- many and Poland. The modern improvements sufflciently explain the cau.ses of the diminution of the cold. These innuense woods have been gradually cleared, which intercepted the rays of the sun. The mora.sses have been drained, and in proportion as the soil has been cultivated, the air has become more temperate. — Gibbok's Rome, eh. 9. CLIMATK— CI-OTIIINO. 113 019. CLIMATE vs. Character. Saimul .hihn- inn. \V(3 liiid iinotlicr evciiiii;,' l>y ourHt'lvos at the TMitro. It liiipiu'iiiii^ to lie ii very riiiiiy iiiijlit, I iiiiulc some foiiiiuDiipliicc ohsi'rviilidiiH on tlu! rclfixiitioii of iicrvL's and depression oi' spirils wliieli siieli %veatlier oeeasioned ; addiiii,', however, lliat it wasijood lor (lie ve,i.'''lalile crea- tion, .loliiison, \vlio denied that the temperature of the air had any inllneneeon tiie lnim;; i fi-aine, answereil, with a smih' of ridieuie, " Why, yis, sir, it is ^iiod for ve!X''lidih's, and for the animals wiio put tii(i.s(! veiretaliles, and for tiie animals wiio eat those animals." Thisoliservation of his aptly ciionuh introduced a yood sujjper. — 15os- wi;i,i/s .Johnson, p. Ii7. 950. CLIMATE, Character by. Xor//icni. [Diir- iii.ii tlie rise of the Komaii Kmpire,] in all levies, a just ])reference was uiven to the climates of the North over those of the South. — GiiutoN'rt l{()Mi;, ch. 1. 051. . Jfcwli/tions. A ])lain in tlu! (, 'hine.se Tarta-y, only ei.i^hty leatjues from the ujreat wall, was found hy th(! missionaries to he three thousand geometrical paces ahovi; the level of the sea. ]Montes(|uieu, who has used and abused tin; relations of travellers, de- duces the nsvohitions of Asia from this important circiMiistance, that heat and cold, weakness and strength, touch each other Avithout any temper- ate zone. — NoTii IN GimioNs Komi;, ch. 2G. 952. . LnpliindcrK. The consan- guinity of the Hungarians and Laplanders woidd display the powerfid energy of clinnito on the cliildren of a common parent ; the lively contrast lietween the hold adventurers w'ho are iuto.xicat- ed with the wines of the Danube, and the wretch- ed fugitives who are immersed beneath the snows of the polar circle. Arms and freedom have been the riding, though too often the tuisuceessful, liassionof the Hungarians, who are endowed by nature with a vigorous constitution of soul and body. E.vtreme cold has diminished the stature and congealed the faculties of the Laplanders ; and the Arctic tribes, alone among the sons of men, are ignorant of war and unconscious of hmnan blood ; ahai)])y ignorance, if reason and virtue were tlu; guardians of their peace !— Giii- liONs RoMi:, ch. f"). 05J{. CLIMATE, Demoralized by. VainhiU. [In Africa tla^ Roman generalj Jielisarius api)eared : and he advanced without opposition as far as UrasHC, a iialace of the Vandal kings, at the dis- tance of fifty nnles from ('arthage. The weary Romans indulged themselves in the refreshment of shady groves, cool fountains, and delicious fruits ; and the preference which Procopius al- lows to these gardens over any that he had .seen, either in the East or West, may be aserilied either to the taste or the fatigue (Tf the historian. In three gen(;rations prosperitj' and a warm cli- mate had dissolved the hardy virtue of the Van- dals, who insen.sibly became! the most lu.xurious of mankind. In their villas and gardens, which jiiight deserve the Persian name of J'<(n((h'n(; they enjoyed a cool and elegant repose ; and. after the daily use of the bath, the barbarians were seated at a table profusely spread with the delicacies of the laud and sea. Their silken robes, loo.sely flowing, after the fa.shion of the Medes, were embroidered with gold ; love and hunting were the labors of their life, and their vacant bouts were amused bv pantomimes, chariot-races, and the music and dances of the theatre — (iiimoNH Ro.Mi;, eh. 41. 05-1. CLIMATE, Fear of. Tfir Po. r/wx,: \n their lirst voyage after the dis< overy of Madeira, they ])asM'd Cape {{oyador, aii I in the space of a few years, advancing al)ove four hundred leagues to the south, they had discovered the river Sene- gal, and all the coast between Cape HIanco and Cape Verd ; they wcri' now near ten degrees within the torrid /.one, and were surprised to lluj. the climate still temiierate and agreeable; yet, on jtassing the river Senegal, and observing the human species to assume a ditferent form, the skin as black as ebony, the woolly hidr, and that ])eeuli,irity of featm'i! which distinguishes the Negroes, they natmally attributed this to IIkj intiuence of heat, and began to dread the const-- (jUences of a nearer approach to the line, 'i'hey returned to Portugal . . . the common voice of their countrymen dissuaded them from imy fur- ther attempts. — Tyti,i;ii's Hist., Rook 0, ch. lH. 055. CLIMATE, Injurious. Siuiiud Jiihni*<>n. It wi'.s a very wet day, and I again comi)lained of the disagix'eable efl'ects of such weather. .John- son : " Sir, this is all imaginati(>n, which ph^'- sicians encourage ; for man lives in air, as a tish lives in water; .so that if the atmos])here pres.H heavy from above, ther(,' is an e(iiud r rk is within doors, will surely do as much in rainy weather as in fair. Some very delicate frames, indeed, may be alTected by wet weather ; but not conunon constitutions." — Roswi;i,i,H .ioiINSON, p. 12'). 05«. CLIMATE, Protf.tion of. Kthioplmifi. His generals, in tht; early part of bis [Augustus] reign, attempted the reduction of Ethiopia and Arabia P\'li.\. Thej' lUiU'ched near a thou.sand miles to the south of the tropic ; but the heat of the climate soon repelled the invaders, and ])ro- tected theunwarlike ntitivesof those .secjue.stered regions. — UiiUfON's 1{().MI<:, ch. 1. 057. CLIMATE, Sickness from. Pih/rims. Tlie sjn'ing of 10'21 brought a ray of hope to the dis- tressed I'ilgrims of New Plymouth. Never was the returning sun more welcome. The fatal winter had swept olf one half of the nmnber. TIk' son of the benevolent Carverwas among the first victims of the terrible climate. 'I'he gov- ernorlMm.sflf sickened and died, and the broken- hearted wife found rest in the same grave with her husband. Rut now, with the approach of warm weather, the destroying ])estilence was stayed, and the spirits of the survivors revived with tlie .season. Out of the snows of winter, the desolations of disease, and the terrors of death, the faith of the Puritan had come forth triumphant. — Ridi'ATh's U. S., ch. VS. \ 05!*. CLOTHING, Angelic. SirciJcnbovn. Since angels are men, and live together in society like men on earth, therefore they have garments, ; houses, and other things similar to those whicli I exist on earth, but of course infinitely more l)eautiful and perfect. The garments of the angels correspond to their intelligence. The garments of some glitter as with flame, aud those 114 C'LOTniNG— COINCIDENCE. of fdlicrs arc rcspli'iidcnt as wiili liiflil ; otlicrMarc of varioUH colors, and soinc \vliilc and o|)a(|U('. The anjrcls of tlui inmost hcavcii arc naked, liccansc llicy arc in innocence, and nakedness corrcsixnids to innocence. It is liecause fitw- nients represent stales of \visdr)in tiial they are HO much spoken of in tiie Word, in relation to tlic cliiircli and jrood men. — \Viiiii;'s Hwkdkn- lioKii, |). KM). »5». CLOTHING, Coitly. /V/wV//^ /u„f/K. The revenues of wliole i)rovinces, according; to He- rodotus, \\t\n\ bestowed on tlie attire of tiieir favorite concubines ; and tlu; ])n)vinces tlien\- selves took from tiiat circumstance tlu'iri)opu]ar apjicllations. Plato, in his Al<'il>iades, mentions a Greek ambas.sador wlio travelled a whole day tlirou;;:h a country called tlu; (Queen's Girdle, and another in < rossinu: a jirovincc; which went by the nanu; of the Queen's 1 lead-Dress. The reiral throne was of j)ure ^old, overshadowed by a i>alm tret^ and vine of the same metal, with clusters of fruit composed of precious stones. — TvTi.KKs Hist., IJook 1, ch. i>. 060. CLOTHING exchanged, lioman Emperor El(i;/ii/>i(liin. A long train of concubines, and a rapid succession of wives, among whom was a vestal virgin, ravished by force from her sacred a.sylum, were insutHcient to satisfy the imijotence of his passions. The master of the Roman world alTected to copy the dre.ss and manners of the female se.\, preferred the di.staff to the sceptre, and dishonored tiie princi])al dignities of the emi)ire by distril)uting them among his numer- ous lovers, one of whom was publicly invested witii the title and authority of the emperor's, or, as he more i)roperly styled himself, of the em- press's husband. — Giuhon's Komk, ch. 6. 961. CLOTHING, Prohibited. Protection. The clamor was so great against India silks and printed cottons, that after the 29th of September, 1701, the wearing all wrought silks, of the man- ufacture of Persia, China, or East India, and all calicoes, printed, dyed, or stained therein, was absolutely prohibited. If we may believe the advocates of prohibition, this statute had the ef- fect of repeopling Spitalfields, "that looked like a deserted place." — Knight's England, vol. 5, ch. 2, p. 20. 96a. CLUBS, Ancient. Eoypt. Antony and Cleopatra est*iblished a society called the " Inim- itable Livers," of which they were members ; thej' also instituted another, by no means inferior in splendor or lu.xury, called " The Companions in Death. " Their friends were admitted into this, and the time i)as.sed in mutual treats and diver- sions. — Pi^uTAUcii's Antony. 963. COEECION, Patriotic, roricx. a. n. 1774. Two thousand men marched in companies to the common in Worcester [Ma.ss.], where they forced Timothj' Paine to walk through their ranks with his hat off as far as the centre of their hollow sfpiare, and read a wrifen resigna- tion of his seat at the [governor's] council-board. — Banchokt's U. S., vol. 7, ch. H. 961. COIN clipped. Ei,f/lm>d. [In .July, 1G94, we read] many executed in London for clipping money, now done to that intolerable extent, that there was hardly any money that was worth above half the nominal value. — Knioiit's Eng. , vol. 5, ch. 13, p. 1H2. 965. COINCIDENCE, Alarming. Cronnnll. The ('({uinoetial gale, which had commenced on the preceding day, now swelled into a storm which swept over England with the elTect of an earth- (juake. The carriages which conv<'ye(l to Lon- don the friends of thi" protector, api>rised of Ids extreme danger, were unable to stem the violence of the wind, and took refuge in the imis on \\w. road. Til.! lofly homes of I,ondon undulated like vessels tossed upon the ocean. Hoofs were carried olT, trees that had stood for centuries in Hyde I'ark were torn up by the roots and pros- trated on the ground, lik(! bundles of straw. Cromwell exi)ired at two o'clock in th.- after- noon, in {\w nddsi nf this convulsion of nature. \\i' departed as he was born, in a teinjiesl. Pop- ular superstition recoij;ni/.ed a mirachi in this coincidence, which seemed like the expiring ef- forts of th(! elements to tear from \\h' and emi)ir(! the single man who was capable of enduring the might of England's destiny, and wlio.se decease created a void which none hut him.self could till. — Lamahtink's Cuo.mwkij,, p. 77. 966. COINCIDENCE, Comforting. Scren Bish- ops. [They were imprisoned by James II., be- cause they woidd not join him in the overthrow of their cherislies were these : " Thomas Jefferson still survives !" But Thomas Jefferson did not sur- vive. On the same Fourth of July, a few hours COIN'C'IDKNCE— COMHAT. 115 1)i'f(nc, Jcircison hIho (Icnnrtwl tliis lifo. Few cvt'iitH liuvc ever occiirrcil in tlui L'nitcd SliUcs more- tliri'lini; to tliu ])('(i|)lo tliiii) the (Iciilh, on tlic siiinc iiiiiiiviTHiiry of tlio imtioii's liirtli, of tlii'H(! two iigcd, vciicriiblc, and vciicnitcd publio BcrviuitJi, — C'Yci.orEniA OK Bkki., p. 178. 9«0. . Hugh Millir. Day liad not ■wliolly disapiM'urcd . , . when I saw at the open door, within less than a yard of my l)rcast, a dissevered liand and arm stretched '"it toward inc. Tlu! hand and arm were evidently tiiose of a female ; tliciy i>ad a livid and sodden appear- ance ; and directly frontin;; me, where the l)()dy oii;;lit to have been, tlieru was only l)lank trans- parent space. ... I . . . ran shriekinj^ tomy motluT. . . . Mymothergoin;; to the doorsaw nothing. . , , Its co'ncideiice with tlie prol)al)le time of my fatlier'.s death [lie went down in a Btorm at siia] seems at least curious. — Smii.ks' UlUKK I3IOOKAIM1IKS, p. H7. 970. COLOB, Caste of. Green— lUup. Thello- Cnan rare, in its first institution, was a simple con- gest of two chariots, whose drivers were distin- guislied l)y whiUmmi red liveri(!S ; two addition- al c'olors, a light f every warlike people. About the 490th year of R()me,"Marcus and Decimus Brutus pre.seiittd a combat of gladiators for the first timo at Rome. Aboutacenturj' after that period the athleta' were introduced for a public .show ; and there were combats of slaves with bears and lions. Sylla, during his pnetorship, exhibited a I combat where 100 men fought with 100 lions ; II*) COMMAND— COM MKIUi; and .Iiiliiis ("d'siir, (luviiiLr liisnililcsliip, pn'scnlcd umImiw where llicrc t'nii;clil IJtld ((imiiIch ol' j;liiili JlloiS— 'rVTMlU'r* II 1ST., IliM.k 4, ell. 4. 97 a. COMMAND divided. In nisi,, n ,>fS<-o/l,i,iil. Some of the Scollisli ciriiiininls, IicmIciI w illi ic ])iilili('Mti ('iitliMsiuNni, mid iillcrly doliliilc i<\' llu' Hkill iiccc^siirv to till' coiidiicl of tiiciil nlViiiis, employed all llieir iiidiislry iind 1 ■ '.eiiiiily, iiol in eoili'clinic iiienns lor Ihe iillMck vvhicli" liiey vere idioiit loniMkcoii u rorniidiilile enemy , lint in devisinu; resli'ainis on liieii' leader's powei' and se<'nrities a;rainsl liK aniliilion. 'liie selt'-eom- plaeenl slupidily w illi w jiiili they iiiNlsted on or- pnd/.in;ran army as il' they Imd not lieen oruani/,- iniriu'ommon Weal III would he iiieredihle IT il hail not lieen frankly and escn lioasi fully recorded l)y one of themselves. . . . A ruy le was to hold the nominal command in Scotland ; lint he was placed under tla^ control of a (dmmlllee which reserved to itself all the iiioNt, important jiarls of the military aihninisti'ation. This eomniillee was empowered to determine wlicic the e.\|)edi- tion slioidd land, to ap|)oint ollieers. to superin- tend the levyiiiLCof troojis. to dole out provisions and amnuniitioii. All that was left to Iheiren- eral was to direct the evolutions of the army in the field ; and ht^ was forced to jironuse tliat, even in the Held, except in the ease of a surprise, lie would do nothini,' without Ihe assent of a <'(iuni il of war. |'i'he enterprise was ii total iailun.J — M.\(Aii,.\v's Ivno., eh. '>. 9r«. COMMERCE, Benefits of. Ii,:fft.r. The most ohvious is the general dilTusion of industry. Amonjj: II commercial jieople ine faculties of Ixith mind and liody are of neeessily almost eon- Kfantly employed. Invention is ever on the Ktretch to discover new sources of jjain. And the enteriirisiiiii spirit of the more opulent fur- nishes constant occupation to the mechanic, tlu; manufacturer, and the laborer. Jn.separ- al)ly connected . . . is a s])irit of fruirality. Iticlies have their full vahn; when ])urchased by the labor of either mind or body, and what fo.st dear will not be frivolously e.xiiended. . . . "We ob.sevve the association of the .same (pudities among the Dutch and the t'liinese. — TYTi.i:it's lIisT.', 15ortiition w.is enacted by which all artietis ])ro- dueed in the colonics and demanded in England should be shipjied to England only. Such arti- cles of ])roduetion as the English merchants did not desire might be sold in any of the ports of Europe. The law of imiiorfation was ciiually odious ; such articles as were iircjdueed in Eng- land should not b(' manufactured in America, but .should be bought from England only. Free- trade between the colonies was forbidden, and a duty of live ])er cent, levieil for the benefit of the En.urlish kin.g, was put on both I'Xports and inii)()rts. Human ingenuity could hardly have invented a set of measures better calculated to jiroduce an American Kevolution. — KiD- I'.VTiis U. S., eh. 14. 951. COMMERCE, Enterprise of. Ih'sron n/. Se bastian Cabot, young, and fired with ambition to follow the career of Columbus, was jirobably the prime mover of the enterprise; but the jiafent granted by the king conferred the reipiisite au- lliority u|ion " .lohn Kabotlo" and his .sons, Lew- is, Sebastian, and Sancius. The king took care not to risk any capital in the jiroposed voyage ; for llio jiatenl authorized the adventurers " to sail to all parts, c'ounfriesand seas of the JOast.of the \Vest, and of the JS'orth, under our banners and ensign.s, with five ships, etc., iiii"ii tlirir oinib projii'r CdstH and r/itnyral innniliH. It Is said tliiil tlic rnilts of the «'ar(ll were HoliiclimcH sillTrrrd In rill ill one pliicc, while ill minliifr place dlslaiil only a lew iiiilcM llie siipjiiy tVII far hIioi'I nl' llie ileiiiaiid, — .M Acvi i.ay'm I'.Nd., ell. ;t. 0N:». COMMERCE neglected, /v////<^ Willi re ;;ard In any iiilereniii'Me willi oilier naliniis liy eomiiiei'ce, llie Kirypliaiis had so lillle jreiiiiH nl' llialsorl, Ihal while llie Ued Sea was let! open In nil the marilinie iiMlinns wlin chose to IVe- liiii entered into ii .solemn eomi)act, to i)urclias(' no more jfood.s of Great IJrilain until Ww Slump Act should Ik; repealed. And the i)eo|)le applauded llu; action of the inerehants, and cheerfi.'lly denied them.selves all imported lu.xuries. — Hiui'ATii's U. S., eh. 87. »«5. COMMERCE, Pioneers of. Phu'iticinnK. To the Phu'iiieiaiis all aiili(piity has joined in altrihutinn' the invention of niivination ; or, at h'iisl, it .seems an aj^reed |)()iiit tliat they were the earli(!st amoiiij th(! nations of anticpiity who made voya^^es for the sake of commerce. The Caiiaanites (for it is hy that iiaiiu^ that the T'Ikc- incians are known in Scripture) were a power- ful ])eoi)le ill the days of Ahnihaiu. — Tytijoh's Hist., Book 1, cli. .i, ji. 4i). 9S6. COMMERCE, Piracy of. /.>/ (Imit IMt- tiin. A.I). 17.M. France and Enirlaiid were still at peace ; and their commerce was mutually jiro- tected by the .sanction of treaties. Of a sudden liostile orders were i.ssued to all JJritish vessels of war to take all French ves.sels, privali; as well as ])ul)lie ; and without warnin;j ships from the French colonics . . . were carried into English l)orts. — Banckokt's V. S. , vol. A, eh. ». 987. COMMERCE and Politics. Coiitrollhtr/ Gorennnrnt. The progress of Euro]ican eiviliza- lion had endiiwed commerce with legislative power. Its councils prevailed in P^ngland, wiiere it dictated the national jjolicy, prescribed alliances, and menaced wars. In America the political intiuencc of commerce sprung, not from progress, but from symjiathy with the movement of Europe ; and it wa.s le.ss gloriously content Avith introducing new maxims of legisfation and new systems of tinance. — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 3,'ch. 23. 98§. COMMERCE, Precedence of. Surrif/rs. Wat^T, ever a favorite liighway, is especially the highway of uncivilized man ; to those who have no axes the thick .jungle is impervious ; emigra- tion by water suits .savage life ; canoes are older than wagons, and ships tlian cliariots ; a gulf, a strait, tlie sea intervening between islands, di- vide less than the matted forest. — Bancuoft's U. S.. vol. 3, ch. 22. 9M». COMMERCi: prohibited. S /m r / ,i n m. Comnicree was sirictiv prnhiliilcd ; and id- Ihniigh the territory of liiieeda'innii cnnlaiiied it eniisidcriible extent of .seacnasl, and alTnrde(! many e\eellenl harbors, the Spartans allowed no fnreigners In approach tliiir shores, and had not a single trading \essel of their own. — Tvr- 1, Kit's llisr.. iJnok 1, eh. 1), p. 1)2. 990. COMMERCE, Revenue of. /lrili.H/i. [.\fl.T the Americans threw Kiilish tea into iJnslnii harlini'l i'arliameni made haste In llnd revenge. On the last day of Maich, 1771, the Moslon I'nrt Bill was ]iass<'d. It was enaeled that unkind of inercliaiidise should anv longer be landed or Hhipjied at the wharves nf "lloston. The ciislnm- hnnse was rellinved tn Salem, but the people of that town refused the benetits which were jirof- fered by the hand of tyranny. The iiihabilant.s of Marblehead tendered the free use of their warehouses to the merchants of Boston.— Uiu- rATii'H r. S., ch. 37. 991. COMMERCE and Science. Di.sfoirn/ »f Aiiiirifii, .Inlin Cabnl, a N'eiietian merchant residing in IJrisinl . . . and his son Sebastian first apiirnaelied the continent which no Euro- jiean had dared to visit, or had known to exi.sl. . . . Thus the discovery of oiir cnnlinent was an exploit of private mercantile ad\eiiture; and th(^ ])()ssession of tlui new-found land was ii right vested by an exclusive patent in the family of a Bristol merchant. . . . Me gave England a continent, and no one knows his burial-place. — Banciiokt'h IIiht. U. S., vol. 1, eh. 1. 992. COMMERCE, Spirit of. ,S(/i.v//. One mo.st natural effect of IIk; comiiiercial sjiirit is a sellish and interested turn of mind ; a habit of measur- ingeverything by the standard of ])rotit and lo.s.s, and a incdominant idea that wealth is the main constituent both of jniblic and private lia])])ine.ss. The contrast of character, in this respect, be- tween the l{onians and Carthaginians, has been finely remarked by Polybius. " In all things," says that judicious writer, " which regard theac- (|uisition of W( alth, Uw, manners and customs of the Romans are iidinitely i)referable to tlio.se of the Carthaginians. This latter ])eople esteemed nothing to be dishonorabh- that was connected with gain. Among them money is oj)enly em- ployed to purchase tlu; dignities and oHiees of the State ; but all such ])roceedings are capital crimes at Home." I am afraid that a contrast, so honorable to the Homans, could only havo been made with justice in {he early periods of the rei)ublic ; since we know that without an in- crea.se of commerce, to which might be attribut- ed the consc(pient increase of corruption and venality, those vices had attained to as great a height toward the end of the republic at Homo as ever they had done at Carthage. But wealth ac(iuired by plunder, rapine and iieculation is yet more corruptive of the manners of a i)eo- ple than riches ae(piired by merchandise. — Tyt- leh's Hist., Book 3, ch. 8. 993. . Viitntrlihr. Another effect of the prevalence of the commercial spirit is to' depress the nnlitary character of a people, and to render tlujm indisposed to warlike enter- l)ri.ses. The advancciment of trade cannot take ]i]ace in anv high degree unless a nation is at peace with fts neighbors, and enjoys domestic se- curity. The prospect of that precarious gain r^ IIH (•()MMi:i{( i;-( OMMl'MSM, whicli iirl<«>s from wiirfart' will nut w(i>;li ajrnliiHi lli<- rcrtaiii uilvanta^'i's wliicli t (iiiinurcf ilitiMs from a wlatc of peace, 'riie art of war will iml, therefore, lloiiriHli as a profeHsion mmioii^' m eorii niireial jieopje, anil llie practice of il will treii orally he iiiiriisieil lo nicrceiiary troops. Military rank will lie in low <'sleeni, heeaiise, when jiiir ••haied, il ceases In a frreal ns and way of living. A story goes of our legislator, that some time after returning from a jcairney through this thilds just reaju'd, and .seeing the shocks standing parallel and eiiual, hv, smiled and said to some that were by, " How like is Laconia to an estate n(!wly divided among many brothers !" After this he altemped to divide also the movables, in order to take away all apjiearance of ine((uality ; but he .soon perceived that they could not bear to have their goods directly taken from them, and therefore took another method, counter-work- ing their avarice by ii stratagem. — Plutaucu's " LyCL'KCU'B." 1000. . Sparta nn. Agis IV. linil succeeded to one branch of the throne of Sparta a short time before Aratus was cho.senpnetor of the Achaiaii States. This ])rince, a better man than a wise politician, liad cherished the chimeri- cal project of restoring the ancient laws of Lycur- gus, as coiiceiving this the only means of rescu- ing his country from the disorders induced by the universal corruption of its manners. But there is a period when political intirmity has at- tained such a pitch that recovery is impo.ssiblc ; imd Si)arta had arrived at that period. The de- sign of Agis, of course, embraced the radical re- form of a new division of all the land of the re- public — a project sufficient to rouse the indigna- tion and secure the mortal enmity of tlie whole of the higher class of citizens, and of almost every man of weight and consideration in his country. I'he plan was therefore to be conducted with C()MMINIHM-(()MIMro- in;;t() llie lialli, and dra^;u:ed him to the common prison, wheri! a trihunal uf the I'lpliori, sununon- ed by Ids collea>,fUe Leonidas, sat reaily to Judt'e him asaStatecrindnal. Me was asked, l)y whose evil counsel h(! had lieen prompted todistiirli tlii' laws and jfoveriuneiitof hiscoimtrv '! " 1 need cd noiKt to prompt me," said tlie [(inii:, " lo act lis I thouffht rijfht. My design was to restore your ancient laws, and to p)vern according to the plan of tlu! exeetlenl [jycurj^us ; and thou^rli I see mv death is inevitable" I do not repent of my desii^n."'' M'lio Jud;;eH hereupon pronounced sentence of death, and thi^ virtu(Mis Aj^is was carried fortli from their presenc(; and inunediat<'ly strangled. — Tyti,i<:u"h Hist., Hook ',*, cli. T). 1 001 . COMMUNISM, Vioious. Ji.'ti/n of Knl„i,l. The people were deluded and iidlamed by the fanaticism of Ma/.dak, who asserted \\w. coni- iiiunity of women and the (Miualil}' of mankind, while no ajiljropriated tli< IT. Though viniliclive, he was not indiscriminately vindictive. Not a singli^ instance can be men- tioned in which he showed a generous compas- sion to those who liad opposed him lionestly and on public grounds ; but be fre(|uently spare(l and promoted tliose whom some vile motive had in- dueeending doom, woman's love interposed to save llie garrison from butchery. An Indian girl of thciOjibway nation came to Ihi'forl with a pair of moccasins ^)r Major (JIadwyn, the commandant, and in ])arting with him manifested unusual agitation and distn'ss. Slie was seen lo linger at lh(! stre»!t corner, and the sentinel summoned her to return . . . after much persuasion . . . slie revealed the i)lot. (Tlie Indian's treachery did not succeed.] — liini'.vTii's U. S., ch. ;}."). 1007. COMPETITORS, Ignoble, liomnn Em- jwror (Irittiiin. Among the various arts which had exercised the youth of Oratian, he had aj)- plied himself, with singular inclination and suc- cess, to manage Ihe horse, to draw the bow, and to dart the javelin ; and tliese (lualilications, which might be useful to a soldier, were prosti- tuted to the viler i)urposes of hunting. Largo l)arks were enclosed for the Imi)erial pleasures, and plentifully stocked with every s])ecie.i? of wild beasts ; and Oratian neglected the duties, and even the dignity, of his rank, to consume whole (lavs in tlie vain displav of his dexterity and boldness in the chase. 'Phe i)ride and wish of tlie Roman emperor to excel in an art in which li(! might be surpa.ssed by the meanest of his .slaves reminded the numerous spectators of tla; examples of Nero and Commodus. — Giubon's Ko.MK, ch. 27. 100§. COMPLAINTS, Disregarded. BilUtinr] Aft of I'firliament. a.d. ITtlU. Samuel Adams . . . called across the continent to the i)atri()t mo.st like himself, Christopher Gadsden of South Carolina. "Tell me, sir," said he of the Billet- ing Act, "whether this is not taxing the colo- nies as effectually as the Stamp Act 1 And if so, either we have complained without reason, or we T^^^m .'(» ( i»>l 1*1,1 M KM' ( OMI'IJOMISI; Imvc Niill rciiHuii Id < ipin|iliilii." -U \.N( iioh"! M I . S., \n|, (I, (li. '>:. I4NM). COMPLIMENT, Falia. l!o/„rf n>nn». I Itnins x\ iii|)iillii/.iil Willi III)' l''n'iirli KciMiMi runs iliiriiii; tin* war lnlwri'ii l')n;r|iiiii( atul Kniiii'i'. I 'I'lii- |Hi<'t, wIh'Ii ill Ills i'ii|iM, Imii in III)' liriii'lii;; (if u I'crtaiii oiplaiii |)I'ii|)iim('(I iis it loiiMt, ".May our siircos ill ijic pirsciit war lie |'<|||mI I'i IIic |ii'>lii'i' III' niir i'jiii> .( ••look that troiililc witii any other compo-i)' i ; and his most excellent works were slriiil. ilT at a heat, with rapid e.vcition. — I}(iswi';i,i .s .Ioii.n- BON, ]). II. IOi:i. COMPOSITION, Labor of. ^\■,mhl^or^h. r.\ I). iHlKi. I I do not know from what cause It is, hut diirin;; the last three years I have never liad a i)en in my hand for live minutes bcfon! my whole frame liecomes a hundle of iiiv. isiuess ; 11 perspiration starts out all over me, and my chest is oppres.sed in a manner which 1 caniKit ilescrihe. " — Mvku's WouDswoiiTir, ch. 1. lOI I. COMPOSITION, Method in. ,l,hn Mil- ton. J5ed, witli its warmth and recumhcnt post- ure, lie found favorahlo to compo.sition. At other times lie would compose or prune his verses ti.s h(! walked in the pirden, and then, coming in, dictate. His verse was not at the com- mand of his will. Sometimes he woiihl jiy awake the whole iil^lit, lr\inu Inil iiiiahle to make a nIiikIc line. ,\t other times lines Ijoweil without premeditiitioii, "with a certain impetii-t and lesiio. ' His vein, he said, llowed oiilv fmiii the vernal to the aiilnmiial e(pilno\, iMiilllps here transposes the seasons, thoiiLrh he has jire- served tlieaiilheniie fjtct of inlerinitli nt inspira lion. It was the H|irini; which restored to .Mil- ton, as it has to other poets, the liuoyalicy nee cssary to composition. What lie comiKised at nlirht he dictated in llie y\\\\: , sImIiil; olillipiely in an elliow chair, wllh his liir Ihiown over thii arm. He would dii tale forty lines, as It wcreiii It hreatli, and then reduce them lo half the niiin III"' .Mii.iuN, nv .M. I'v iTisoN, ch, VI. ion. COMPOSITION, Swift. \\\<\;rhii .V-.r,/^. " 'i'lie liisi two Volumes," savs Scott, in a Idler I o Mr. .Moirltt, " w.«re wrillen in three \,ceks." . , , If that Is not cMempore writing;, it is diMlciilt to say what extempore writing' is. Ihil in truth there is no evidence that any one of llie novels was laliored, or even so much as carefully coin pos<'d. Scotl's method of comiiosilion was al ways the .same ; and, when writiii;; an iiiia;;ina live work, tlie rale of projrress .seems lo have heeii pretty even, dt pending,' much more on the tihsence o| disiiirliin;; cii;ra;,'emenls lliaii on any mental IrrcLruiiirity, The morning was alwavs his lirightesi lime; liut morning or evening. In counliy or in town, well or ill, writing with his own lienor dictating loan amanuensis in the intervals of screamiiiL; tits du<' to the torture of cram|i in the stomach, Scoit spun away at his imaginiiti.e weli almost as evenly as a silkworm sjiinsat its golden cocoon. Nor can I detect the slightest trace of any dilTerencc! in (pialily he tween tlie slories, such as can he reasonalil.v ascrihed lo comparative care or liasle. — Hi/r 'I'on's Scott, ch 1'). 101 > Cliiinli VMis 'riiiiiims ( 'niii' mrr. Ill- WilH llic rrprrHcilliltivc nf lM)t|| ptirtlrs, wllli'll, lit lliiit, llmi', llrrili'd I'licli iitlii'r'.M iinmImI UIM'C, III' Wlisilt IIIIIT II llivhli' Mill! 11 xtlttl-HIIIMII. . . . IIIh ii'iiiiK'r iiiiil IiIh iiiiili'iMtiiiKliiit; »')<>i llf'Dtly tlllnl liilll In iirt IIH II lllcillillnr. Htlilllly ill Ills prnti'isimis. niis('t'ii|Miliiiis In IiIk (ii'iiliii(;N, '^I'lllllllM till' lllltllilli;, IhiIiI III N|H'('lllMllnll, li CIIW iirtl iind II liiiii' NiTvrr in action, it iiliiialilt' riiciny niid II liiUrwiirni I'rirnd, lir wiim in cvrry way (|UhII||<'i| til iirranu'c the tiTins nt' llir cnidllinn lii'twi'i'ii till* rrllKi'Xi'^ o'xl wiirlilly cnrnilcH of popdy. M A< Ai i.av'h Kmi., ell. 1. loi». COMPROMISE rejected. . I ///•//>// w t/ir ,/i/n/. Miii'diiniiis, iiiiiw iilisiiiiiilin^ Ills itnnirn^r fol'ci', Nt'i ni'd lo liavr ^ri'nilrr liopi'H of I'lTMiall Kold lliiiii I'i'i'sliiii valor. He allnnpti'd li> cor- nipt till' Allii-niaiis liv nfTi'i'in;; tliriii tlio <'i)tii- inaiiil of nil On'i'cr, if lliry would dcsiTt, the <'oidVd('nii'y of (lie united hliitcs. Arislidcs vvas tiicn ai'clion ; lie aiiNWiTrd, that vsliili' tlir hum liitid llscoui'sr ill tli(^ tiriiiaini'iit Ilir I'l-rHiaiiH liad niilliin^ to expect fl'oiu the AtlieniaiiH liul inor lal mid I'ti'i'iiMl eiiinity. Ho inucli did lie liere HiN'iik till' sense of liJH counli'vineii, that, a single citi/.eti haviiiLMiioved In the puliiic assM'tiilily that tlie I'ersiiin (lepulies»<1iould lieidlowed toexplahi tln^ir propoMiili, wiiH iiiHliinlly stoned to deutli. — 'rvri.KUH lliKi. , Ituok "J, ell. I. l. OOMPBOMIBE, Settlement by. Shmrii. (Ill 1H2r north of the parallel of thirty-six de/^'reeK and thirty niimites. Hueli was tlu! celeliraleil Mis- Hourl C'ompromiH<\ one of the most important iictH of American le)j;isliiti(>n — ii meaHurc chiellv Hiipporled liy tli(i jienius and carried tlir(iu>,'li Congress hy tlie |M'rsistent elTorts of Jleiiry Clay. . . . Hv this compromise the Kiavery airitation was allayed till 1S41>. — KiDi-AriiH I'.'S,, Cli. T/J. lOiil. OOMPBOMISE on 81&very. Fi'dcral Ooverii Ill/lit. 'I'lie com|iromises on tlii^ Slavery ouuation, inserted ill Ihi; ( Constitution, were amonj; tlu! essential conditioiiH upon wliicli the Federal OovTriiment \vaHor;.^aiii/,ed. If the African nhive trade had not been itermitled to continue for twenty years— if it had not heen conceded that three fifths of tlu; hIiivch should lie counted in theapportioiimont of rei>resentatives in C'onjxress — if it liad not heen a.L'reed that fujxitives from their service should lie returned to their owners, the Thirteen States would not have lieenalile, in 17H7, "to form a more perfect union." — 1J|.AI^'K'^^ TVVKNTY YkAKH IN tloNOUKSS, p, 1. lOi^i. COMPBOMISE, Temporizing. <)iinill>u.-< lUll. Jlenry Clay ajipeared as peacemak(!r. . . . OuIIk! ilth of May he l)rou;i:lit forward as a com- promise covering,' all the points in di.spute [re^^ard- ing Hlavery] the Omnilius Hill, of whi(;li the provisions'were a,s follow.s : l.st, the admission of California a.s a free State ; 2(1, the formaM(m of now States, not exceeding four in number, out of the territory of Texas, said vStates to permit or exclude slavery as the jx'oplo should doter- miiK! ; 3d, the organization of territorial govern- ments for New Mexico and Utah, without con- ditions on the (|iieHtloii of (tliivery ; llh, the !•>«• lalilislimi'iit of the prcHcnt lioiindary iM'twetii Texas and New .Mexico, and lli-- puymeiil to the fiirnier, for surrenderlni.( the latter, the sum of i|llJ4. CONCEALMENT, Unpleasant. /^roud and aj;piring moun- tain, that liftest up tliy head unto the heavens, I advise tluu! not to he so audacious as to put rocks and stones which cannot he ('Utin the way of my worknu'n If thou givesl them that op- jio'sition, I will cut thee entirely down and throw thee headlong into the sea.' — Hui,i,in, ch. 0, J). 250. 1O20. CONCESSION, Dangerous. 7h Tnlxinrn. The consuls a.sseml)led the jX'oplc, and attempted to justify the Senate ; but being constantly in- terrupted by the tribunes, they could not make themselves be heard. They urged, that the tri- bunes having only the liberty of oi)i)osing, ought to be silent till a resolution was formed. The tribunes, on the other hand, contended that they liad the same privileges in an assem])Iy of the people that the consuls liad in a meeting of the Senate. The dispute was running high, when one of the consuls rashly .said, that if the tribunes had convoked the assembly, they, in.stead of in- terrupting them, would not even liave tak(>n the trouble of coming there ; but that the consuls liaving called this a.ssembly, they ought not to be interrui)ted This imprudent speech was an acknowledgment of a power in the tribunes to convoke the public iissemblies — a power which they them.selves had never dreamt of. It may be believed that they were not remiss in Ifiying hold of the concession. They took the whole jieople to witne.'ss v/hat had been said by the con- suls, HTid an a.sseml)ly of the peo])le was sum- moned by the tribunes to meet the next day. — Tytleh's IIiHT., Book ii, ch. 4. 1030. OONCILIATION by Favors. Popidar- ity. [When Aimeof Austria came to the regen- cy of France,] in her anxiety to conciliate all par- ties, she cojumenced by granting them almost v.hatever they demanded. The " Importans," charmed by lier condescension, imagined that they were henceforth to carry all before them ; mul the witty I)e Ret/, declared that for two or three months the whole French language was comprised in live little word.s — " the (lueen is so good !" These, however, were transient illu- sions. — Sti'dknts' Fu.vnxk, ch. 20, ^ 1. 1031. CONCILIATION, PoUcy of. Ca-mr. He wished to hand over his conquests to his success- or not only subdued, but reconciled to subjec- tion, lie invited the chiefs of all the tribes to come tc him. .'le spoke to them of the future which lay open to them as members of a splen- did Imperial State. He gave them niagniticent l>resents. He laid no inniositions either on the leaders or their people, and they went to their homes personally devoted to tlieir conquer'*-, contented with their condition, and resolve ' t > maintain the peace which wiis now established a u:ii((uc cxiierience in political hi.story. Tho Norman coikiucsIs of England alf)n(! in the least resemble it. — FiiofOK's C.i:sar, ch. It). 1033. CONCILIATION vs. Threatening. Ccr- utir. [Ca'.sar had crossed the Kubicon, and was marchmg toward Konic.J I'omixy was now .sensible of his weakness The voice of the pub- lic ojM'nly ex])rcssed an im])alient desire f(jr tho arrival of Ca-sar, who, on his part, was rapidly advancing to the gates of Home, when Pomi)ey (luitled the city, followed by the consuls and the greater part of the senators. L'nable to cf>l- lect a suHicient force in Italy, he passed over into Epirus . . . thence he trusted tliat he would be sui)plied both with troops and treasure. IJc- fore sailing from Brundisiiun, he had declared that he woidd treat all those as enemies who did not follow him. Caisar, with more wisdom, de- clared that he would esteem all those his friends who did not arm against him. — Tvti.ku'sIIist., Book 4, ch. 2. 1033. CONDENSATION, Literary. Cirsar. Ca'.sar turned his arms against Pharnaces, the •son of Mi'hridates, who had sei>ed the kir.gdom of Pontus, and meditated, after iii.>. father's ex- ample, to .strip the Romans of their Asiatic pos- s(;s.sions. This war he very speedily terminated, intinuiting its issue to his fri(!nds at Rome iu three words, V'-'iii, vidi, via', "I came, I saw, I conquered." — Tytleu's Hist., Book 4, ch. 2. 1034. . Virf/il. He bestowed tho greatest labor in polishing his writings, his hab- it being to pour forth a vast (piantity of verses in the morning, which he reduced to a .small number by continual elaboration, after the man- ner — as he .said — of a bear licking her cubs into shape. — LiUDKi.i/s Romk, ch. 71, § 10. t035. CONDOLENCE unappreciated. In Pe- kin. [At a banciuet given by the prince regent, he noticed General Grant's son.] He then asked if he was married and had children. Being told he had one, a daughter, he replied, " What a pity !" In China female children do not count in the sum of human happiness, and when tho jirince exj)re.sscd his regret at the existence of the genend's granddaughter, he was saying the mostpolitu diing he knew.— GkneisalGkant's TnAVEi>s, p. 411. I036> CONDUCT, Absurd. Sdiniid John/ion. A phvsiciim being mentioned who had lost his liractice because his whim.sically changing his religion had made ]ieople distrustful of him, I maintained that this was unreasona])le, as re- ligion is unconnected with medical skill. Joiix- ■soN : " Sir, it is not unreasonable : for when people see a man absurd in what they under- stand, they may conclude the .same of him in what they do not understand. If a physician were to take to eating of horseflesh, nobody would employ him ; though one may cat horse- flesh, and be a very skilful physician. If a man were educated ia an absurd religion, his contin- uing to confess it woidd not hurt him, though his changing to it would." — Boswell's Joun- so\, p. 284. 1037. CONDUCT, Contradictory. SUelc. He h"d two wives, whom he loved dearly and treated badlj'. He hired grand houses, and. bought fine horses for which he could never pay. He was often religious, but more often drunk. CONDUCT— CONFIDENCE. 123 As a man of letters, otlier men of letters wlio followed liliu, sueii us Timekeray, cmiiM not he very proud of him. Hnt everylxxly loved him ; luuf he seems to liave heon the inventor of that flying liter.ilnre which, with many chanLres in form and manner, has done so miieli for the iimusement and editieation of readers ever sine i' his time. — Tuoli.oi'ks Tii.vckku.vv, eh. 7. 103S. CONDUCT, Dissolute. A Si;//,. A sure fii. marv'hed off toward the coast, pressing forward as rapidly as his men could traverse Surrey and .Sussex, in th(.' hope of taking the Normans una- wares, us he had recently, by a similar forceil march, succeeded in surprising the Norwe.irians. But he had now to deal with a foe e(|uaily bravii with Ilarald Hardrada, and far more skilful and wary. — l)i:c. B.\tti.i:s, ^29.'). 1045. CONFIDENCE, Power of. Jl>hhn\ >Iar- .carct, Queen of England, when a fugitive in Lor- raine, was i)lundercd of her gold and jewels in a wild forest by a band of robbers. She made her escape, leading her boy, then about eleven years old. In the dejiths of the wood they were again encountered by a single robber. ^Margaret, with the decision of her character, threw herself u]>(in the protection of the outlaw. " This is the son of your king — to vour care I commit him. I am your (jueen." I'he robber became her friend, and guarded her to a place of security. — Kniout's En«., vol. 1, ch. 10. 1046. CONFIDENCE, Premature. ^ AhmJiani Lincoli). [To Governor Morgan of New York : " I do not agree with those who, after the emanci- pation proclamation,] say slavery is dead. Wo are like whalers who have been on a long chase ; we have at last .u'otthe harpoon into the monster, but we must now look how we steer, or, with one ' flop ' of his tuil, he will yet se)id us all into eternity. " — H.vvmonu's Lincoln, p. 752. lOir. CONFIDENCE, Superstitious. Of ho. [When v>ili() the Great finally subdued the Hun- garians, his| cam]) was blessed with the relics of saints and martyrs ; and the Christian hero gird- ed on his side the sword of Constantine, grasjied the invincible sjiearof Charlemagne, an(l waved tlu^ banner of St. ilaurice, the ;)refect of the, Thebean legion. But his tirinest contidenio was placed in the holj' lance, whose point was fashioned of the nails of the cross, and which his father had extorted from tlu; King of Bur- .ifundy bj' the threats of ■vvar and the gift of a province. — Gihhon's Komk, ch. 5."). 10l§. CONFIDENCE tested. Alcraiulcr. [Al- exander the Great was taken sick while in Cilicia in con.sequence of having bathed in the Cyd- nus, whose waters ■were very cold.] His phy- sicians durst not give him any meilicines, be- cause they thought themselves not so certain of the cure as of the danger they must incur l->-t CONFISCATIOX— CONFLAGUATIOX. in the apiilicatioii ; for llicy feared tlie ^lueedo- iiiaiis, ii' tliey did iiol siiceeed, would siis|H'(t tlieiii of some liad i>rae1iee. Philip, the Acariia- iiiaii, saw how (lesi)erate the king's case was, as well as the rest; hut, iM'side the conliih'iiee he liad in his friendship, Ih; tli<)i|i;ht it the hinhest iiiij;ratitude, when liis master was in so niueh danfrer, not to risli somelhinir with iiim, in cx- iiauslitti^ all ids art for liis relief, lie therefore attempted the cure, and found no dillieulty in jK'rsuadin:,' the kiny' to wail with patience until ids medicine was pre|iared, or to lake it when ready ; so desirous was he of a s|)eeily recovery, ill order to pi'osecuu; the war. Jn llie mean time I'armenio sent liim a letter from IIh; camp, advisiciT him to lieware of Pliilip, whom, he said, jiarius had prevailed upon, hy ])resenls of infinite value, and tlie ])romiseof hisdauyliler in marriau'c, to take him olT by poison. As soon as Alcximder liad read the letter, lie ])Ut it under Ids pillow, without showiiiL,' it, to any of his friends. The time appointed Wn\;j; come, Philip, with the kintr's friends, entered the cliamlier, havinif the cup which contained the medicine in his hand. The kin;j; received it freely, without tlu^ least marks of suspicion, and at the same time iiut th(! letter in his hands. It was a strikinic situation, and more interestimj; than any scene in a trairedy — the one readint? while the other was drinkini,'. They looked u])- on each oilier, but wit li a verydilferent, air. The kin;^, with an open and uneniliarnissed ccamte- nance, expressed his rejrard for Philij) and tlie confidence he had in his honor ; Philip's looks showed his indiirnation at the calumny. One, while h(! lifted up his eyes and hands to heaven, ])rotestini^ his fidelity ; another, while he threw liimself down hy tlu; bedside, entreating his mas- ter to be of good courage and trust to his care. The medicine, indeed, was so strong, and over- jiowered his spirits in axu-h a manner, that at first he was speechless, and discovered scarce any sign of sense or life. But afterward he was soon relieved by this faithfid physician, and recovered so well that lie was able to show him- self to the ^lacedonians, whose di.stre.ss did not abate until he came personally before them. — PLUTAIU Il's " AuKXANDKli." 10J9. CONFISCATION, Avaricious. .Va.ri- min. [The Emperor was a tyrant. His avaric(^ was] stimulated by the insatiate desires of the soldiers, at length attacked the i)ublie property. Every city of the empire was jjossesswl of an indei)endent revenue, destined to i)urcha.sc corn for the nniltitude, and to supply the expenses of the givmes and enterlainment.s. By a single act of authority the whole mass of wealth was at once contiscated for the use of the ImjU'rial treasury. The temples were stripi)ed of their most vahiabh; ott'erings of gold and silver, and the statues of gods, hercK's, and emperors wen- melted down and coined into money. These impious orders could not be executed without tumults and ma.ssacres, as In many places the people chose rather to die in the defence of their altars than to behold, in the midst of peace, their cities exposed to the rivpine and cruelty of war. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 7. 105O. CONFISCATION, BeUgioos. Alfuim- d^Albuqjurque. [Having .sulKlued for his king two of the great ]>eninsuliis of Southern A.sia, and meditating the diverting of the river Nile from its course .so as to leave Egypt a de.sert.] he died in the (nlor of sanctity, coinmittiiig his soul to God and his son to tin; king. TIk; last days of his life were spent in h(;aring nwl his favorite passages of liie New Testament, during which li(- lichi in his hands and claHpefii'f»r). The crown man- zincs, with vast stores of wiim and spirits, were in a blaze. Not a rtre-cni;:ine nor a bucket could be procured. They had ail been carried off. Day after day the astonished .soldiers saw the canopy of smoke and flame sjjreadiiifif over the city of a thou.sand domes and minarets. . . . The con- flagration went on till, of 4(),()(K) houses in stone, only 300 escaped ; of 8000 in wood, TiOO only ■were stjuiding ; of KiOO chiir(,'lics, 800 wen; con- sumed. ... A furious wind carried showers of sjiarks far and near. . . . Onlv one tenth of the city was left unconsunied. — Ivnkjht's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 30, p. 5.18. 1057. . Nnn York. On the 16th of December, 183.), a Are broke out in the lower ]iart of New York City and laid thirty acres of buildings in aslies. Five hundred and twenty- nine houses and jirojicrty valued at $18,000,000 were consumed. — Riui-atu's U. S., ch. 54. 1058. . Rome. Whether Nero was jTuilty of this unparalleled outrage on the lives and fortunes of his subjects or not, certain it is that on July 19th, a.d. 64, in the tenth yearof liis reign, a fire broke out in shops full of inflam- mable materials which lined the valley between the Palatine and Ca'lian hills. For si.x days and seven nights it rolles. — Y.\\k- HAii's Eaui.v Days, p. 31. 1059. CONFLAGKATION in War. Cnrihuic In a strong a.ssault on one of the gates, he broke it down, and entering with a large force pene- trated to the citadel, which sustained a siege of several days, while the Romans were in i)oss<'s- sion of the town. At length it was surrendered. Scipio, unwilling to destroy this proud and splen- did capital, sent to Home for further orders. But these contained no mercy for Carthage. The city was set fire to in many ditfereiit cpiarters. Pillage, carnag(!, and desolation ensued. This conflagration lasted for .seventeen days. At flu! recital of a scene of this kind, it is impossible to n.'straln our indignation, and not to execrate that barbarous policy which prescrifies a conduct so contrary to every worthy feeling of the human mind. Thus ended flic ill-fated Carthage, in the 607th vear from the building of Rome, and the 146tli before the Christian eiu.— Tyti.kk's llrsT. , Book 3, ch. » 1060. CONl^ICT, Bootless. British at Bunker Hill. The number of the killed and wounded in [the British army r.nder Gage] . . . Wius . . . at lea.st 1004, ... a third of lho.se engaged. . . . The oldest soldiers never .saw the like. The battle of Quebec, which won half a conti- nent, did not cost the lives of .sf) many officers a.s the battle of Bunker Hill, which gained noth- ing but a place of encampment. — Bancroft's U.^8., vol. 7, ch. 40. 1061. CONFLICT, Land of. Kenturk;/. Ken- tucky has been denominated " the Dark and Bloody Ground" of tlie savage aborigines. It never was the habitation of any nation or tribe of Indians ; but from the i->eriod of tlie earliest aboriginal traditions to the appearance of the white man on its soil, Kentucky was the field of 12G CONFLICT— CONtilKin:!). deadly conflict hctwcen tlie iiorflicrn niid soutli- «'ri» wurriiir.s of the forest. . . . When ])cii('lriitc(l by tlic i)old adventurous wldtc iiicii of Ciirolina nnd Viririuia, wlio constituted tlie tliird jnuty for doniinion, its litic of tlie " Darii and Hloody (tround" was continued. , . . After tlie declara- tion of American lndei)endencc, (}real J5rit;un formed alliance with the Indian savairi'S . . . the territory of Kentucky liecame still more enii)hat ically tiie " Dark and Kloody (Jroiind." [Like- wise during the liehellion.]— Poi.KAitu's Fiust Yk.mi <)!-' TiiK Wau, ell. 7, p. IHO. 10«a. CONFLICT, Eule of. Wifliam of Onnif/r. [James II.,] the king, was eager to li!,dit, and it was obviously his interest to do so. Every liour took away something from bis own strength, and added .something to the strength of his ene- ndes. It was most important, too, that his troops should be blooded. A great battle, however it nught ternuiiate, could not but injure the iiriiiee'. ])()l)ularity. All tliis William [lerfeetlv under- .stood, and determined to avoid an actioi as long as ])0ssiblc. It is .said that, when Scliomberg wii.stold that theciuMny were advancing and were deternuned to fight, he answered with the com- posure of a t.actician confident in his skill, " That will be just as we mav choose." — .Ma(Ai:i.ay's EN(i., ch'. y. 1063. CONFLICT, Self-sustaining. S/mls. [The Confederates invaded Pemisylvania.] General Lee cannot e.xpeet to keep his conununieations open to the rear ; and, as the stall-ollicers say, "In every battle we light, we must capture as much aminunition as we use." — Pollaku's Skc- osv Yeah ok tiik War, p. 338. I06J. CONFLICT, Unnatural Willmm I., the Novman. He was a prince to whom nature had denied the requisites of making himself beloved, and who, therefore, made it Ids first object to render himself feared. Even the Normans, in- stigated probably by the French, endeavored to withdraw themselves from his yoke. To estab- lish order in that country, he carried over an army of Englishmen ; thus, by a capricious vici.s.situde of fortune, we see the Normans brought over for the conquest of the P^nglish, and the English sent back to conquer the Normans. With these troops lie reduced the rebels to submi.ssion, and returned to England to be again embroiled in conspiracies and rebellion. The last and severest of his trou- bles arose from his own children. His eldest .son, Robert, had been pronused by his father the sov- ereignty of Maine, a province of France, which liad sul)nntted to William ; he claimed the per- formance in his father's lifetime, who contemj)- tuously told him he thought it was time enough to throw oil his clothes when he went to bed. Robert, who was of a most violent temper, in- stantly withdrew to Normandy, when in a .sliort time he engaged all the young nobility to espouse liis quarrel. " Brittany, Anjou, and JMaine like- wise took j)art against William, who brought over another army of the Englisli to subdue the rebellion. The father and son met in fight, and being clad in armor did not know each other, till Robert, having wounded his father and thrown Inm from his horse, his voice (calling out for as- sistance) discovered him to his antagoni.st. 8tuug with consciousness of the crime, Robert fell at Ins feet, and in the most subnu.ssive maimer en- treated ins f(jrgiveness. The indignation of AVill- iam was not to l»e ajijieased ; he gave his son his malediction instead o'f his pardon. — Tyti.ku's Hist., Hook 0, eh. H. lOO."}. CONFLICT, Unprepared for. (imkx. [Demosthenes urged immediate and ojien war against the amliiticais I'hilip. | .Some of the best patriots of Athens, the virtuous I'hocion, for ex- ample, proposed an oi)positecoun.sel. They saw that the martial spirit of the re|)ublie wase.xtinet, the finances of the State were at the lowest ebl), and the manners of the peojile irretrievably cor- rupted. There was assuredly too much .solidity in till! argument of Fhocion which he opposed t(» \\\v, " Philippica " of Demosthenes: " I will rec- ommend to you, O Affienians, to go to war, when I tind yon cajjahle of sujiporting a war ; when I see the youth of the l{e])nlilic animated witli courage, yet suhmissivc! and obedient ; the rich clu'erhdly contributing to the necessities of the State ; and the oratoi's no longer cheating and pillai^iniitlu! i)ublic." — Tyti.ku's Hist., Hook !J, cli. 3. 10«6. CONGREGATIONS, Large, dinnxip in }V(ili'/*. [Thirty-two thousimd ])ersons ])re.sent to hear .Tohn AVesley preach at (Jwenap, in it.s magnificent natural ami)hitheatre.J — Stkvens' Methodism, vol. 2, ch. (I. 1067. CONQUERED vs. Concord. London, a.d. 1801. [At last England ami Fiance made a treaty of ])eace.] The house of M. Otto, the French minister [at Ijondon], was brilliantly illundnated. . . . The word ftf/ww/v/ blazed in letters of light. The sailors, not very familiar with the spelling- book, exclaimed, " Conqueird f not so by a great deal. That will not do." Excitement and di.s- satisfaction rapidly spread. Violence was threat- ened ! . . . attemiits at explanation were utterly u.sele.ss. The otTensive word was removed, and «?«% substituted. The sailors, fully .satisfied with the aliunde fionora/de, gave three cheers. — Ab- bott's Napoleon B. , vol, 1, ch. 22. 106§. CONQUERED, The Conqueror. Fmncifco Pkarro. [A single battle made him master of Peru.] He betrayed and nnirdered the captive Inca. He quarrelled with Almagro over the di- vision of the spoils, and finished by putting him to death. He accumulated a greater amount of treasure than was ever possessed, before or since, by an individual. Spoiled by iM'osperity without l)arallel, he was cruel to the I^eruvians, capricious and tyrannical to the Spaniards, and, at length, ii rebel against his king. A conspiracy, headed by the son of the murdered Almagro, was formed against him. On a Sunday afternoon, in 1541, at the hour when the tyrant was accustomed to slei'i), a band of the confederates burst into his palace, killed or disjx'r.sed his servants, and at- tacked him. Armed only with a sword and buck- ler, he defended himself with the most desper.ate courage. Four of his a.ssailants he slew ; five more he wounded ; and still he fought on. At last one of the band engaged him and drew^ his attention from the rest ; and while Pizarro dealt a furious blow at his chief assailant, the others succeeded in giving him a mortal wound. He; fell at the feel of an image of Christ, which, it is said, he kis.sed at the moment of his death. So perished, in his sixty-eighth year, the man who was, perhaps, the most resolute of all the sons of men. In mere strength of purjiose it is ques- tionable if his equal ever lived ; but, though this CONQUERORS— CO NQUf:ST. 137 is one of the most Viiliiiihlc; of qualities, and nc comi)li.slu's very j^rciil tliinjjjs, u man must have inueii more in order to turn to ^^ood aecounl tiio l>n7.es won. Pizarro was little more than a mai^- nitlcently-gifted brute. — Cycloi'EDI.v ok Ukhi., p. 327. 1060. CONQUEROBS by Resolution. 0/ Cali- fornia. [In 1840J Colonel John {". Fremont . . . determined to strike a blow for his country ; lie urged the people of California, many of whom ■were Americans, to declare their independence. The hardy frontiersmen of the Sacramento valley flocked to his standard ; and a campaign was at once begun to overthrow tlie ^le.xican authority. . . . An American fleet hud captured the town of Monterey . . . and San Diego. . , , Before the end of sununer the whole of the vast prov- ince was subdued . . . theauthority of the Unit- ed States was c()mj)lctely estublislied. A coun- try large enough for an empire had been con- <|uered by a handful of resolute men. — Rii)- r.\Tii's U. S., ch. ')!. I OrO. CONQUEST by Destruction. A Ifo n n e (VAlhiKiiierqnc. Having thus reduced the shores and cities of two of the great peninsulas of Southern Asia, he ne.xt un(lertiK)k the con(i\U'st of all tlie vast regions watered by the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. He bombarded the cities commanding those waters, with varying success. Meditating the concpiest of Egypt, he conceived a sclieme for diverting the river Nile from its course, so as to leave Egypt a desert, and destroy its whole population. — Cvclopkdi.v ok Hioo.', p. 31.J. 1071. CONQUESTS, Fnds of. Pi/rr/niK. [Tiie Tarentines, in war witli tlie Romans,] sought aid fnmi Pyrrlius, the King of Epirus, and invited him, by a flattering deputation, to be the deliv- erer of Italy from its threatened yoke of .servi- tude. Pyrrhus was one of the ablest generals of his age ; but he i)()s.se.ssed a restless spirit, and a ])recipitancy in forming projects of military en- terprise, without a due attention to means, or a deliberate estimate of consequences. Cineas, his chief minister, to whom he imparted his design of invading Italy, and mentioned, with great con- fldence, a perfect assurance of its success, calmly asked him what he proposed after that design was accomplished. " We .shall ne.xt," said Pyr- rhus, " malio ourselves masters of Sicily, wliicli, considering the distracted state of that island, will be a very easy enterprise." " And w'lat ne.xt do you intend ?" said Cineas. " We shall then," re- plied P^'rrhus, " pass over into Africa. Do you imagine Cartilage; is cai)able of holding out against our arms ?" "And su|)p()sing Carlhagi; taken," said Cineas, " what follows ?" "Then," said Pyrrhus, " we return with all our force, and l)our down upon Macedonia and Greece. " ' ' And when all is conquered," replied Cineas, " what is then to be done?" "Why, then, to be sure," said Pyrrhus, " we have nothing to do but to en- joy our bottle, and take our amusement." " And what," said Cineas, "prevents j'ou from enjoy- ing your bottle now, and taking your amuse- ment '!" This dialogue, which is given by Plu- tarch, with great naivete, presents us with a just delineation of the real views and sentiments of the greater part of those mighty conquerors who have disturbed the peace of the universe. — Tvr- LEit's Hist,, Book '6, ch, 7. lOra. CONQUEST, Fruitless. Anrimt Per- HiiiiiK. In those early jieriods [were] a peojjle reinarkaiile for their t(;mj)erance and the virtu- ous siini)licity of their maniK^rs. Herodotus re- cords an excellent sjieech of one Sandanis, a Lyilian, who, when his sovereign Cru'sus pro- jected the invasion of Persia, thus strongly point- ed out to him the folly of his enteriirise : "What will you gain," said he, " by waging war with such men as tlu; Persians V Their clothing is skins, their food wild fruits, and their drink wa ter. If you arecoiKjuered, you lose a cidtivated country ; if you coiuiuer them, what can you take from them ? — a barren region. For my part, I thank the gods that the Persians have not yet formed the design of invading the Lydians." — TvTi.Kii's Hist., Book 1, ch. 11. 1073. CONQUEST impossible. Darinn. Ambi- tious of extensive coiKpiest, Ik; now meditatcii a war against the Scythians, on the absurd pretrxt that they had ravaged a part of Asia about oiu; hundred and thirty years before. At the head of an army of 700,000 men, lie set out from Susa, his ca])ital, to wage war against a nation whom it was impossible to conquer. . . . The solo business of the Scythians was to retreat, driving their cattle before them, and fllling up the wells in their route. The Persians, after long and ex- cessive marches, never got more than a distant sight of the enemy, while they were perishing by thou.sands in a rugged and barren country. At length Darius thought it his wisest measure to retreat, having lost the greatest part of his army, and leaving behind him the sick and aged at the mercy of the barbarians. — Tytlku'8 Hist., Book 1, ch. 11. 1074. CONQUEST necessary. Cortez. Besides repressing the mutiny with a strong hand, he re- solved to make all turning back impossible. He caused all his vessels, except the smallest, to be .scuttled and sunk ; from that hour there was no safety except in the total conquest of the coun- try. Leaving at Vera Cruz a small gairi.son, he liegan his Immortal inarch August 1(5, 1.519 [for the city of Mexico], witli the following forces : 400 foot soldiers, l.WO horsemen, 1300 Indian warriors, 1000 Indians to draw the cannons and carry the baggage, and s(!ven pieces of artillery. CVCLOI'KDIA OF BlOO., J). 321. 1075. CONQUEST, Period of. lieiriti of Ed- irard III. The greatest victories recorded in the history of the Middle Ages were gained at this time, again.st great odds, by the English ar- mies. Victories indeed they were of which a nation may justly be proud. . . . Chandos en- countereii an equal foe in Du Guesclin ; but France had no infantry that dared to face the English bows and bills. A French king was brought priscnier to London. An English king was crowned at Paris. The banner of St. George was carried far beyond the Pyrenees and the Alps. On the south of the Ebro the Eng- lish won a great battle, which for a time de- cided the fate of Leon and Castile. — Macaulay's ExG., ch. 1. 1076. CONQUEST, Presumptuous. Three Men. These three men, the youngest of whom was riffy, conceived the project of conquering the l)owerful and wealthy tribes that were .supposed to inhabit the western coasts of South America. They were to do this by their own resources, 128 C(>.>QIEST-('()NSCIENCE. asklnp notliin;? from tlio Governor of Pnimma except his simelion of tli(! enlerpriHc, It was as tlioujjh tlire(;nien in New Yorlt should now un- dertake! th(! coiKpiest, of tiie Japanese Knipire. Pi/nrro was fo eoinnnind tlie first Ixxly of ad- ventures; Almafrro was to raise, as soon as lie could, a HPconil eonii)any, and join I*i/,arro on llie coast ; th(' priest | Fernando do. rjU(|iies| was to remain at Panama to walcli ovi-r the inten-sts of tiie partnership, j'l'heir success is wi'll known.] — ('yci.oi'kdi.v ()!•' Uioo., p. U24. 1077. CONQUEST surrendered. Jcruixili'ni. The II0I3' [..and was ilius recoveri'd by the Chris- tians ; and (Jodfrey of I5r)uili()n ohlaiiied thc^tithi of I\in;j;of .lerusalem ; hut it was only iv title, for ;i ])apal leirate arrived in Ww mean time, claimed the city as tin; property f>f (iod, and look pos- .liession of it as such. (Jodfrey reserved the ])ort of Joiip.'), and some ]irivileires in Jerusalem. — Tvti.kk's I[ist. , Book ((, eh. !>. I07>». CONQUESTS of Peace. Lwiixiitna. [Tn »^onse<[Uence of \\w. amhitious desiirns of Enir- land and the ncccs.sities of France, then unable to ]iold the territorv airiiinst the Mritish navy,] the Presi(h'nt [.Mr. .letTerson] made Wv. larL!;est con- ipicst ever ])eacefully achieved, at a cost so small that the sum expended for tli(! entire territory I Iocs not ('(ji.d the revenue which has since been v'ollocted on its soil in a siniijU^ month, in time of ^reat public i>eril. The coimtry thus acipiircd forms to-day the States of fjonisiana, Arkansas, ]Mi.s.souri, Iowa, K.ansas, Nebraska, Minnesota west of the JMississip]ii, Colorado north of the Arkansas, besides the Indian Territory and the Territories of Dakota, Wyominj,', and Montana. TexiLS was also included in tiie transfer. — Blaine's Twknty Ykarh ok Con(hii;s8, p. 8. 1079. CONSCIENCE, Abdication of.' Pope Clem- ent V. Philip [IV. J held a .secret interview with him, and offered to raise him to the papal thrfme on six conditions, which were at once accepted. . . . The sixth and last condition the king re- served to he hercnfter HpceiflM in proper time and place, cxactin.!? an oath from liertrand to fulfil it on the first demand. — Studknts' Fkance, ch. 4, 55 IH, p. 18«. lOitO. CONSCIENCE an Accuser. Murderer. Renj.amin Abbott was preachinj^ in New Jersey with great zeal again.stsin in its worst forms. In the midst of his discourse he exclaimeil : " For aught I know, there may be a murderer in this congregation !" Immediately a lu.sty man at- tempted to go out ; but when he got to the door he bawled out, an(l .stretched out both his arms, and ran backward, and cried out very bitter- ly, and said lie was the murderer, for lie had killed a man .about fifteen years before. — Ste- vens' M. E. CiiUHcii, vol. 1, ch. 8. 1081. --. Death-bed [Rev. Simon Carlisle was expelled from the ministry for theft, an officer having found a mi.ssing pistol in his saddle-bags. lie could not clear him.self ; his usefulness ended, his disgrace w'as overwhelm- ing. The young man who owned the pistol was on his deat*h-be(l a few years after. An hour be- fore death came] he cried out frantically, " I can- not die — I cannot until I reveal one thing. ^Ir. Carlisle never stole that pistol ; I myself put it in his saddle-bags." He then became calm, and so pa.ssed into eternitv. — Stevens' M. E, Ciiuucii, vol. 3, ch. 3. lOflti. CONSCIENCE authorised. 7?,'/ JemiilM. [On the trial of Ww. conspirators in the infamoua (Junpowder Plot it was shown that] li(H)kwood . . . Iiiid .scruples about joining in so extensive a .scheme of slaughter, saying it was a miUter f)f coii.sciencc to take awaj' so much blood ; but Catesby silenced him by .saying" it had been rc- solvcil on good authority that in conscience it might be done." Digliy, who was only tw(Mity- four years of age, was evidently a weak tool of tli(' Jesuits. . . . lie cordially joined in the proj- ect from religious zeal, as soon as he .satisfied himself that \\w action had been ajiproved by his spiritual advis<'rs. — Knkiht's K.no., vol. 3, ch. ^1. 10S:i. CONSCIENCE awakenod. Cn-litrifiht. ( Peter Carl wrigiit, the celebrated fronijiT preach- er, was awakened, in his .sixteenth year, after spending much of the night in dancing, at a wedding. He went liome, not to sleep, but spent tlu! remainder of the night on liis knees with his liraying mother, and some time alleiward was converted at a camp-i.ieeling.J — Stevens' M. E. CiUKcir, vol. 4, ell. ii. IOS4. . Jiihii Iluni/iia. Ho .sup- posed he was given over to nnbelief and wicked- ness, and yet he rel.ites, with touching simplic- ity : "As to the act of sinning, I was never more tender than now. I durst not take up a ]m\ or a slick, though but so big as ,1 straw, for my conscience now was sore, and would smart at every loucli. 1 eou'd not tell how to speak my words for fear I should misplace them." Ihit the care with which lu! watched his conduct availed him nothing. He was on a morass " that sliook if he did but stir," and he was " there left both of God, and Christ, and the Spirit, and of all good things." Behind him lay the faults of his childhood and youth, every one of which ho believed to be recorded a.gainst him. Within were his disobedient inclinations, which he con- ceived fo be the presence of the devil la liiii heart. — Fkoude's Bunyan, ch. 3. 1085, . Bunyan. One Sunday morn- ing when Bunyan was at church with his wife, a sermon was delivered on this subject [Sab- bath amusements]. It .seemed t.) be es]X!cially addressed to himself, and it much alTected him. He shook off the impression, and after dinner he went iis u.sual to the green. lie was on the point of striking at a ball when the thought rushed across his mind, Wilt thou leave f by sins and go to heaven, or have thy sins and go to hell ? Ilo looked up. The reflection of his own emotion was before him in visible form. He imagined that he .saw Christ Him.self looking down at him from the sky. But he concluded that it wius too late for him to n^ix'nt. He was past pardon. He was .sure to be dannied, and he might as well be damned for m.any sins as for few. Sin, at all events, was pleasant, the only pleasant thing that he knew ; therefore he would fake bis till of it. The sin was the .game, and nothing but the game. He continued to play, but the Puritan .sensitive- ness had taken hold of him. An artificial offence had become a real offence when his conscience was woujided by it. He wiia reckless and des- perate. — Frolde's Bunyan, ch. 2. 10§6. . By Mother's Prayer. [Rev. Henry Bochm was the travelling companion of Bisluip Asbury, and for more than eighty j-ears a CONHIIENCK. 129 ClirLstiaii ininistcr. He wuHiirrcslcd, on n'tiiniiiii^ liDiiic OIK! rveiiiiij;:. liy li(!iiriiij,' tlio I'liiniliar voicn of liJH iMothcr fii^iiifiMi ill pruyt'i". JIi! siiys :l " [ listened. Anionj; otlier tiling's, hIus |)niye(l for Iter cliildreii, and mentioned ilenry, lier vouni;- <'st Kon. The mention of my name i)roke my heart, Mud melted mo into conlrition. Tears rolled down my cheekH, and f felt the imi)ortane(! of comiiiyiiiij with the command of (Jod, ' My t^on, ;,^ive nu! thine heart.' " | He lived one hiin dred years.) — Sti;vi:nw' M. K. CiUKtii, vol. !(, p. 42'.i. lOWV, . Kitrtli() repeated eartlKpiakeH alarmed the metropoliH . . . while (Miarles \Ve«l(!y was ris- inj.? in the jmlpit of tlio Foundry [C'liurch) to preach, at, tlvo o'clock in (he n\ornintr, tlu; earth moved through all London and Westminster with u strong, jarring motion, an moral .sense was as slow iishis understanding. — Baxchoft'h U. S. , cli. 17. 1095. CONSCIENCE explained. Il'iqn of James H. [In Scotland the auli-Catholic feeling was strong. J Tho three privy counsellors who liad lately returned from London took the load in op- position to the royal will. Hamilton declared plainly that he could not do what was asked. He waa a faithful and loyal subject ; but there was a limit imposed by conscience. ' 'Conscience, " said the chancellor — ' ' conscience is a vague 130 CONSCIENCE. word, which sipniHcH nnylhinR or nothing." Lociiimrt.wiio wit in Pivrliiiincnt us rcprcHcnliitivc! of tlu! f^rcat county of liiiimrlt, Htnic k in : " If conscieuco Iks ii word williout inclining, wo will cliango it for anollicr i)iiniH(f wiiich, I liopc, means Homclliiiig. j'or coiiMcicncc let us put the fundanif'nlai laws of Hcolliiiid." — Macaikays E.Nd., cli. ((. 1000. CONSCIENCE, A guilty. <'Iarcellus. Me was exanuned in the city of Tingi by tlu; president of that part of .Mauritania ; and as he was convicted by his own coid'ession, lu; was condemned and beheaded for the crinu'of desertion. — (iiitiio.N's Ko.MK, ch. 10. 1100. CONSCIENCE an Interpreter. Sarrl- hijc. Pyrrhus listened to evil counsellors, and plundered the rich treasury of tlu; temph; of Proserpine. Tlu; ships wluch were; conveying the phuuler wen; wrecked, and Pyrrhus, con- science-stricken, 'restored all that was saved. Hut tlu; nuMuory of tlu; deed haunted him ; lu; has recorded his l)elief that this sacrilegious act was tlu; cause; of ail his future misforluiu's. — LiD- DKM.'s HOMK, ch. 2(t, p. ','KI. 1101. CONSCIENCE, Liberty of. ll'xjn- mil- iiimx. lb; was the first ])crsori innu)dci'n Chris- t(;n(lom to assert in its pleiuludc; tlu; doctrine of the liberty of conscience, tlu; e(iuality of opin- ions before the law. ... A nu)ral principle has a much wider and nearer intluence on hu- man happinc'ss ; nor can any discovery of truth bo of any more direct beiietit to soci(;ty tlian that which establishes a jicrpetual religious peace, and spreads traiuiuillity through every commu- nity and every bosom. If Copernicus is held in l)erp(;tual reverence because; on his death-bed lu; i)ublished to the world that the sun is the cen- tre of our .sj'stem — if the name of Kepler is pre- .served in the annals of hiunan excellence for his sagacity in detecting the laws of the planetary motion — if the genius of Newton has been al- most, adored for dissecting a ray of light, and weighing heavenly bodies as in a balance, let there be for the nanu; of Roger Williams at least .some humble place among those who have ad- vanced moral .science, ami made themselves the benefactors of mankind. — liANcuoKT's U. S., vol. 1, ch. 9. llOa. . Cromwell. [Cromwell strongly advocated liberty of conscience when it was a startling notion to most public men. lie was among the first of public men to ad- vocate it. lie urged that] the civil magistrate had nothing to do to determine of anything in matters of religion, by constraint or re- straint. But every man might not only hold, br.t preach and do in matters of religion what he pleased. — Knight's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 3. 1103. . Croiatrcll'n Time. Tlu; Pres- byterian mind of that day, which denianded not only the right to the expression of their own convictions, but also the repression of all who followed not with them. Did not Milton say of them that ' ' Presbyter was priest spelt large ?" Indeed, in that day there was a universal dis- position to persecute and repress ; it was not that persecution, in itself, was judged a crime, only when it assailed the order of particular opin- ion. Toleration was regarded by Episcopalian and Presbyterian as an abominable Erastianism, or latitudinarian and Laodicean half-heartedness; CO^fHC'IENCK. 131 nnd Oliver iilonn stood fortli vlndlciUlnjr lUxTty of c'oiiHclt'iicc! to nil. — IIood'h Cuomwki.i,, eh. 15, p. lur). IIO'l. . Crouunil. It Is tliim wo find liliii Hpcakiii!; on tlii^ 2v!d of .Iiiiiiiiiry, l(l.">, when lu! HiiiiiinoMi'(l the IIoiimi; to meet lilin lii tli(! I'uiiitcd Clminltcr : "Is tlifn; not yet upon tli(^ .spirits of men ii .striuiirc itchinj; '! Notliini; will Hiilisfy llicni unlcsH they ciin press tlifir tln),'('r upon llii-ir Itrctlircn's consciences, to ])incli them there. To do this was no part of the con- test \\v had witli llic coinnion adversary. And wherein consisted tins nion; tlian in ol)taininL; that liiu'rty from the tyranny of the liisjiops to all species of I'roleslanis to worship ()od accord- int; to their own liirhl and consciences ? For want of whicli many of our hreilireii forsook tlieir native? countries to seek their hread from straiifiers, and to live in howliuf^ wilderness<'s ; and for wliicji also many that remained here weri! imprisoned, ami otherwise ahused and made the scorn of the nati(ni. Those that were sound in the faith, how proper was it for them to lalior for liherty, for a just liherty, that men mii^ht not he trampled upon for their consciences ! Had not they themselves lahorcd hut lately under the weijtht of persecution V And was it tit for them to sit heavy upon others ? Is it in!j:ennous to ask liherty, and not give it '/" — Hood's C'ltoM- WKLL, oh. ih, p. 197. 1105. CONSCIENCE perverted. The Ji. In th(! hooks of casuistry which had heen writ- ten hy his brethren, and printed with theaiipro- bation of his su])eriors, were to Im; found doc- trines consohitor}' to transi^res.sorsof every class. There the bankrupt was taught how Ik; ndi^ht, without sin, .secrete his yoods from his creditors. The servant was tau,!j;ht how he mijiht, without sin, run oil with his master's plate. The pander was u.ssured that a Christian man miirht imio- feiifly earn his livin,!; by carryinj^ letters and messages between married women and their gal- lants. The bigli-spirited and i)unclilious gen- tlemen of France were gratified by a decision in favor of duelling. The Italians, accustomed to darker nnd baser modes of vengeance, were glad to learn that they might, without any crime, shoot at their enemies from l)ehind hedges. To deceit was given a licen.se sullicient to destroy the whole value of human contracts and of hu- man testimony. In truth, if society continued to liold together, if life and i>roperty enjoyed any security, it was becau.se common-.sen.se and com- mon humanity restrained men from doing what the Society of Jesus assured them they might with a sate conscience do. — Macaui-ay's Eng. , ch. 6. 1106. . Ilernninlo Corkz. His will contained one pa.ssage so curious, that I will conclude by copying it. After reconunending his heirs to treat the Indians with humainty, he proceeds thus: "It has been long a question whether we can, in good conscience, hold the Indians in slavery. This question not having yet been decided, I order my son, Martin, and iiis lieirs to spare no pains to arrive at a knowl- ctJge of the truth on this point, for it is a matter whicli interests deeply their conscience and mine." Who would have thought to find such a passage in the will of a Cortez ! Nothing is more certain than this, that Cortez, in all that he did in Mexico, fully believed that he was an instrument in the hand of a benevolent Ood ; for he found .Mexico pagan, and left it Catholic. Ma.s.sacre, rapine, devaslatioii, the betrayal and nuirder of a king, the fall of an empire— iheso wen^ as nothing in view of a result like this ! So thought all good Siiainardsof that age. — Cv- ti,on:i>iA OK llnxi., p. Wl'l. 1107. . Jiiri/iKM Clctitaif, .V young and igiinran; Dondnican monk, nume(l .laccpies Clement, WHS .irtfuliy jvrevailed u])on to regard the murder of the king | Henry 111. I under such circumstances as not oidy a lawful, out a highly meritorious, enterprise. He . . . prepared him- self for the (h'cd bv fasting, the sacraments, and prayer. , . . Having procureluiiged it into his alxlomen. The king drew the weapon from tlu! wound and struck Clement on the face, crying out, "Oh, tlu! wicked inoidi, ho has slain me !" ui)on which tla^ guards rushed in and despatched the wretched as.sassjn on the spot with their halberds. — Stidio.nts' Fua.nck, ch. 17, ij 14. 1108. CONSCIENCE, Phantom of. c»ii.i/,uis IT. Tlu! Emperor Constans II. could lly from his people, but he could not lly from himself. The remor.se of his conscience' created a |(han- tom who nursued him by land and sea, by day and by night ; and the visionary 'I'heodosius, liresenting to his lips a cup of blood, said, or seemed to v, " Drink, brother, drink ;" a sure emblem of 'ii^ aggravation of his guilt, sinces he had received from tlu! hands of the deacon the mystic cup of the blood of Christ. Odious to himself aiul to mankind, ('onstans |)erished by domestic, jierhaps by episcopal, treason, in tho capital of Sicily. (He had caused the murder of his brother Theodosius.J — Giiiiio.Ns KoiiK, ch. 48. 1109. CONSCIENCE, Power of. B, nj.niun Ab- bott. [Before conversion he was a rude, igno- rant, boisterous man, given to drinking, tighting, and gambling. When forty years old he was awakened by a sermon ; his (u)n.s<'ience was aroused ; driving homeward, he believed that tho tempter was immediately behind him : his anx- iety was terrible, his hair " rising on his head." His mind had evidently become morbid under its moral sulferings. His dreams that night were appalling ; the next day, .seeking relief in tho labors of the field, his "troubled heart beat so loud that he could hear the strokes." He threw down the scythe, and " stood weeping for liis sins." Tnily a sublime manifestation of the power of conscience in a rude soul I lie became a second John Bunyan, and won many hun- dreds to Christ.]— Stevens' M. E. CuuiiCH, vol. 1, p. 199. 1110. CONSCIENCE quickened. Bi/ Crime. When the crime was over [the Koman emperor assassinated his mother], Nero first perceived Ii I'M C'ONHCIKNCK. ItH nin>rnltn(|p, nnd was wlzcd with tlin npony of a too l>ri(f terror iiiiil rciiKirHc, TIktc is in irn'iil. crlinix an awful power of illtiininallon. Tlicy ll^'lil np the conscience wilii a ^Maie wliicli isliows all liiinL''s in llieir true hiileotisnesM. lie Hpeiit tlic niirlit in oppressive silence. For llie first, litnc in liis life liis sleep was (lislnrlied l>y (Ireiinis. He nfien slarled n|> in terror, anil «lrearhoslly widlimfs and the l>last of a solitary trum|M't .seemed to reai'h him from his ninihcr's grave. — F.vi{ii.\u's Ivvm.v J).\VH. ch. :i, ]). :'7. I II I. . Ucinii iif JiiiiKM If. I Lord Clnirchill, the Duke of Marihoroujjh, wa.s a I'rotestant ireiieral, and every worldly interest protnpted liim to |)leaMe the kin^ wlio had es- pou.sed the Honian Catholic cause.] Churchill might indee ; and it might .seem iliat one who was not less distinguished for avarice; and l)ius<.'iu-s.s than for cajiacitv and valor \va.s not likely lo be shocked at liearuig a masN. Hut .so inconsistent is human nature, that there arc tender spots even in seared consciences. And thus this man, who owed 1ms ri.s(; in life to his sister's shame (as mistress to the Duke of York], who had Uen kept by the most profu.se, im|K'rious aiul shameless of harlots [I lie Duchess of Cleveland], and whose puljliu life, to those who can Iook tliroiigh a blaze of genius and glory, will ap- pear a |)rodigy of turpitude, believedi imiilicitly in the religion he had learned when a boy, and shuddered at tlu; thought (»f abjuring it. . . . The one crime from which his heai'l recoiled was apostasy. — Macm;i..\y's KN(i., ch. 7. 1112. CONSCIENCE a Eeminder. Kiiui Philip. Philip k(|)l a man in his .servici' to tell liiin every (lay iM'i'ore he i;av(! audience, " Fliilip, remember thou art niiirt.-il. " — Uom.i.n, vol. 1, ch. 14. 1 1 i;i. CONSCIENCE, Sale of. llnun of.TamfH JT. (.lames asked the Scottish Parliament to re- move the puliiical di.siibilitiesof hisKoman Cath- olic brethren. | The; kinge.xhorled the estates to give relief to his iioman Catholic subjects, and ofVered. in return, a free trade with I'^ngland and nnamncsiy for political ott'ences. . . . Objection was t.aken by some zealous Protestants to the men- lion inadeof the Roman Catholic religion. There was no such religion. There was nn idolatrous apostasy, wliich the laws punished with the hal- ter, and to which it did not l)ecome Christian men to give flattering titles. To call such a superstition Catholic was to give up the whole qu(islion Avhicli was at issue between liome and . the reformed churches. The oll'er of a free trade with England was treated as an insult. "Our fathers," .siiid one onitor, "sold their king for Bouthern gold, and we .still lie under the reproach of that foul bargain. Jjet it not be said of ua that •we have sold our God !" — M.\caulay'8 Eno., ch. 6, p. 111. 1114. CONSCIENCE, Scruples of. Puritam. Some precisians hud scruples about teaching the Latin grammar Iwcause the nann of Mhm, Bac- chus, and .\pollo occurred in it. The tine artM were all bnl proscribed. The solemn peal of the orirau was superstitions. The light iiiunIc of lien .lonson's masks was dis,soliite. Half the line paintings of lOngland wen; Idolatrous, luid the plhcr half Indecent. |.Se(! Pleasures (Nm- demned, .No. I'.HtT. |-.Ma(Ai;i.ay"h Eno., ch. 1, p. 7tl, 1 1 lA. CONSCIENCE, Terrori of. liomcin Km- ]Mn>r 'riiiiiilorir. After a llfeof \irtueand glorv, Theodoric was descending with shame and giiilt into the grave; his mind was humbled bv tho contrast of the past, and Justly alarmed by tlio in- visible terrors of fulnrily. (Ma- evening, as it is relalc(l, when the head of a large lish was served on the royal table, he suddenly e.velaimed that he beheld I he angry countenance of Sy mmachus, his eyes glarini; fui'v and revenge, and his mouth armed with long, siiarji teeth, which threatened to devour him. The monarch instantly retired to his chamber, and. as he lay, trembling with aguish cold, under a weight of iK'dclothes, Ini expressed, in broken murmurs to his physician KIpidiiis, his deep repentance for the murders of Hoethius and Svmmachus. His malady increas- ed, and after adysentery which continued llinco days, he expired in tlit; palace of Itiivenna, in tlu! thirty-third, or, if we comjiute from the invasion of Italy, in the thirty-seventh year of his reign. — (illlllONS Ro.MK, ch. ill). 1110. CONSCIENCE, Uneducated. En (/ link S/iine Triidi'. Englisli .ships, titled out in English cities, under the special favor of the royal fam- ily, of the ministry, and of I'arliament, stole from Africa, in the years from 1700 to 1750, jirobably a million and a half of .souls, of whom one eighth were buried in the Atlantic, victims of the jias- .sagi; ; and yet in England nogeneral indignation rebuked tla; enormity ; for the public opinion of the age was obedient to materialism. — Ban- cuokt'h U. S., vol. !J, ch. 24. 1 1 ir. CONSCIENCE, Victory of. Sir Thomai> Mi>ir. In the general opinion of Euro|ic, the foremost Englisliinan of the time was Sir Thom- as More. As the policy of the divorce ended in an ojien nipture with Home, he had withdrawn silently from the ministry. Triumphant in all else, the monarchy was to find its power stop short at \\\v conscience of niaii [who would not acknowlt'd.ire that Jleiiry ^'llI.'s marriage with Catherine was unscriptural, and thus forward the licentious remarriage of the king|. Tla; great battle of spiritual freedom, the battle of tlw' Protestant against Alary, of the Catholic again.st Elizabeth, of the Puritan against Charles, of the. Independent airainst the Presbyterian, began at the moment when Alore refu.sed to bend or to deny his convidions at a king's bidding. "I thank the Lord," More said, with a sudden start, as the boat dropped silently down tho river from his garden steps in the early morniiifj — " I thank the Lord that the field is won." At Lambeth Cranmerand his fellow-commissioners tendered to him the new oath of allegiimce ; but, a.s they expected, it wius refused. They bade him walk in the garden that ho might reconsider his reply. — IIisT. OK Eng. Pkoi'le, i- .'579. lll§. CONSCIENCE, Warning of. Chnrlr« T. lie thought to lessen the horror and ingratitude of the act by appointing a commission of three CONSCIENCK— ( ONHKUVATISM. lita irK'tnlKTs of hlH ((umcil, ami di-lfffnllniL' to ll»iiii the power of Hi^rninfr the pitrliaiiKiitiirv iliiitli wiirnint njj^nlinit StnilTonl. Tim coiiuiilsviiom'rs rulitW'il tilt! Ni;tit<>iuf, iiikI tli)> kin)i( slmi liiniMcIf up to wt'cp, ikiid livoid llic li^'ht of Hint iiiiirniii^t which wiiH to witness the full of his ruithfiil ami iiimieent strvaiil. Me tlioii^r||t (Imt, liy olijiierat ill); this (lay from his life lie would also e\piiiiu''e It from the iiieiiiory of heaven ami iiimii. lie iwisseti the whole iiij;lit indaikiiess, in pniyers lor fh(! dyln;r. and in tears ; liiit the sun rose "to com nieniorat(; tln^ injUHtice of the niomii'ch, the treachery of the fiiend, and the ^rrentness of soul of th(! victim. "' I have sinned a;;i'iiisl niy conscience," wrol(! the kinj; several yean after t<; the (|ueen, when ri'proaciiinjf himself for thai >i)?ru»lur(! driiwii from him by the love he lioic Ills wife and children. "It warned meat the lime; I was seized with remorse at the instant when I Hi|;;ned this lia.se and criminal conces wion." ... "Ah ! SiralTord isliapi)ierthan lam," replied tl\(» prince, concealing; his eyes with his hands. "Tell him that, diil it not concern the sufctv of tho kiiufdom, I would willinirly jrive my life for his 1" — J>am.\iitink's Cho.mwi.i.i,, p. i:}. 1119. CONSCIENCE, Worthleu. .huma 11. Arthur llertiert was lirother of the cliier justice, nKjndwT for Dover, master of the ri>lies, and rear- adinirulof KnKlnixl. Arthur llerhert wasniuch loved by tho wiilors, and was reputed one of the best of tho aristocratic class of naval oHicers. It had been x^nerally HUi»posed that he would readily complv with royal wishes ; for ln( was licedless of relipion, Ik- wius fond of pleasuri! and expense, he had no privato estates, his places brought him in i;40(M) a year, and he liau lonif been reckoned among tlu; most devoted person- al adhenintsof James. When, however, llie rear- admiral was closeted, and reipiired to j)romi.se that ho would vote for the rei)eal of the Test Act, his answer was, that his honor and conscience woidd not permit him to give any such pledge. "Nobody doubts your honor," said tho king; " but a man who lives as you do ought not to talk about his conscience." To this reproach — a reproach which came with a bad grace from the lover of Catharine Sedley — Herbert manfully replied : " I have my faults, sir ; but I could name people who talk much more about conscience than I am in the liabit of doing, and yet lead lives as loo.sc as mine." H(! was dismissed from all his places. — Macaulay'b Enu., cli. 7. 1120. CONSCIENCE wronged. Anrril GrniuK. [Brutus, the a.s8iis.sinator of L'le.sar,] sat in his tent ut dead of night and thought a huge shadowy form stood by him ; and when he calmly a.skecl, " What and whence art thou '!" it answ'ered, or .seemed to answer, " I am thine evil genius, Jiru- tus ; we shall meet again at Phihppi." — Liu- dell's Ro.ME, cli. 69, ^ 22. 1121. CONSECBATION for Conflict. Knights. As tho champion of God and the ladies (I blush to unite such discordant names), he devoted him- self to speak the truth ; to maintain the right ; to protect the distressed ; to practise ourtesy, a virtue less familiar to the ancients ; to pursue the infidels ; to despise the allurements of ease and safety ; and to vindicate in every perilous ad- venture the honor of his character. The abuse of the same spirit provoked the illiterate knight to distlain the arts of industry and peace ; to cm- teem himself the sole Judge and avmger of his own injuries; and tnoudly to lu^deii the Iuwh of civil society and military disc IpiJne, — Ihu- noNH Uo.\iK, ("h. r,H, p. ruM. 1124. CONSECRATION without Faith. J"/in Widiy. [lie was earnestly srckini!: the knowl- edge of his personal salvation, when lie read Tay- \tiv\ " Holy Living and Dying," which enforces utter imrlly of motive; Tie " insijiiiily resolves to dedicate nil his life to Ond ; all lii^' thoughts, words, and actions, being thnrouglily cniivinceil llieri! is III) medium." lie " forsaken all" to b(!- conie a nd.ssionary to savages and cnlcnii^ls in tli(i new world. lie goe" 'o (Jeoriria, where he fasts much, sleeps on the ground, ami refuses all fond but bread and water; he gnes liareluol to en courage the poor children who had no shoes. Vet it all brought him no peace of n>'iid. Hut after returning to Kiiglana Luther's preface to tli(! Kpistle to tint Hoinans is read in a .Moravian meeting, and the truth breaks upon his mind. | " I felt," he writes," my heart slraiii,'ely warnu 1; I felt I did trust in ( 'hrist alone for salvation, and an assurance was given me that lie liatl tak- en away m^ sins, even mine, and saved me from the law ol sin and death." — Sikvk.ns' M. K. Ciii'iui!, eh. I. 1 1 2:1. CONSENT enforced. Intimiilniini,. The abandoned Caracalla more than oiici' :itteiiipt4'd the lite of his father, who, at leiiglli, broken by disease, died at York [a. I). 211. The broth- ers] Caracalla and (}ela agreed to divide the ein- l)ire, the former retaining the Western part, and tlu! latter Asia and \\w J'jistern pn)vinces. 'V\w mutual halrcfl of tliosc! two bmihers was now fomented by their aRsocialion in thegovern- nu-iit. C'aracalta, at length worn out by the struggle, and unable to l>ear longer with his ri- val, caused him to be openly assassinated in tin; arms of his mother .Julia, and had theaddressto persuad(! the peo|)lo that he was coini)elled to this atrocious dvvd by motives of self-preservation. On this subject /Elius Spartianus lias transmit- ted a fact, which strongly marks the degeiiera- cv of the Uoman character, and that aliject ser- vility with which the highest ranks of the stato submitted to the yoke of tyrannj'. Caracalla, after the dcfatli of his brother Oeii, thought it nec(!S8ary to apologi/.o to the Senate for a deed so dark and unnatural. He ordered a body of lii.s guards to enter the Senate-hou.se, and two armed soldiers to jiost tliem.selves at tlie side of every •senator. Then gravely walking up to the con* sul's chair, he pronounced a .studied harangue, setting forth the imperious necessity of the ac- tion, and urging that his concern for the intoresis of the state had, in this single instance, overcome his fraternal affectitm and the humanity of his nature. It may be believed that the Conscript Fiithers were in no disposition to dispute the force of his arguments. Caracalla was now pro- claimed sole emperor, and one of the tirstactsof his administration was to put Ut death the cele- brated lawyer Paplnian, who had refu.sed to jus- tify his conduct to the peojile. — TYTLiius Hist., Book 5, ch. 2. 1124.C0NSEBYATISH cured. Peter the Great. There was a good deal of fun in the composition of this illustrious patriot, imd he turned it to good use sometimes in throwing ridicule upon the an ■I I l.'i4 ( ONSKIIVATISM-CONSOI.ATION. ctont n (if hJH l)lltTiintm ; uiiil 111- WMH very piii'lli'iiliir tliut llu' olil fo^^lcs of llic I'lnpirt' hIiuiiIiI I)<< prcHi'iii, lie jlTHVi' nolici' llmt IIiIm \V('(iilillK Wjis III III' ci'/i'linitril iirrr III tliii " iiMijfi'H of iiiir MiicrHlnrs," anil lliiil t'vcry one idiinI coinr iIitmsi'iI in llii> inannrr of IIu'nIx trriilli iTiiliiry. ArfiinlliiKly, nil llir jfiirslH ap ]irarnl in lniii; Unwind A^nr anrcsloi-H" iliunii only liriinily. ami so on llii.s day not a ilmp of any inilili'i' liijiiiir was allowcil. All Ihr liarliaroiis iiiiii inilrri'iil cwsioins roi'inrrly in vii;;urat writ (lilies wi'iT rcvivnl lor this orcasion. ami whrn any om- oliji'clcil or roinplainril, IIh' c/.ur wowlil reply, laiiKliiiiK : " Onr anri'siors iliil so! Air not ihi- anrirnt customs always the licsi y" 'I'IiIm ridicnloiis f^lc, il is saiil, hail inncli to liii in lirin^ini; the olil iisa;,'i's inlo iliscrcilit, ami rec oiicilin^ tiiniil |ieo|ilc lo the new ways inlioiiiiccil by the c/.ar. - Cvi . ok IJiou., p. I;il. 1 1 il5. CONSERVATISM, Dangers of. /'/'. . I /' noltl. At Lomliin, win ic lie wisiieil rcliirioiis, not Kcclarian, cxaniinatinn to lie introiliiccil into llic rniversiiy, he wiw repi riled as a liiju'iit, while III Oxford he was repirdcd as an extreme lalitu dinarian. " If I had two necks," said he, " I think I had a very^rond chance of licln;; han>;eil by both sides."— Hmim;h' IJiukk IlioiniAniiKs, p. Wt. IlilO. CONSERVATISM deioribed. I'lmn-ro- tiim. Uoliert Cecil, Karl of Salislniry, has lieen (ioscribeil by Hacon as a most lit man to keep Ihinjis from ju'rowinji worse, but no verv lit man lo reduce thinjj:^ to be much better. — Ix.muut'k En(i., vol. ;«, eh. yu, p. ;trii). Iliir. CONSERVATISM, Ezoeiiive. IMun »f C/mrliM II. Danby funned the design of .secur- ing to the Caviilier party I he exclusive possession of all political power, liolli executive! and lej^is- Ifttive. In the year KITi), accordiiiffly, a bill was olTered to the Lords, wliich provided that no person should hold any onice, or should sit in «'illier House of Parliament, without Wr^i declar- ing on oath that hit considered resistance to tlie kingly i>ower as in ail cases criminal, and that be would never endeavor to alter the govern- ment either in Church or State. . . . Hticking- liam and Shaftesbury were beyond all precedent vehement and pertinacious, and at length jjroved Kuccessful. 'V\w bill was not indeed rejected, but was retarded, mutilated, and at length suf- fered to dr()(). — MA('.\t:i..vv'H Knii., eh. 2. liaw. CONSERVATISM, Foolish. Anti-pro- f/rrmir. [In HilSd a eompaii}' was formed who undertook to drain ninetv-tive thou.sand acresof wet land in England, 'I'he sport.smeii opposed it.] The men who walked iijwn stilts were in- dignant at these innovations, which threatened to exterminate tlu; wild ducks, which they cher- ished as more profitable than sheep or oxen ; and they destroyed the drainage works in true conservative .sjjiril. — Ivniuut's Enci., vol. 7, ch. 1. 1 120. CONSERVATISM, Non-progressive. J)id-e of Newcastle. [lu Eugland, previous to tliis date, 17'M, till' year had Nrn nimie to \\t>f^n with 'J.'ilh of March My the energy of Lord ChcHter- tii'lil it wiiN changed III the 1st of .laiiiiary. | Tlu) timid I Duki'iif I Newi asili' lold him that lie lialeil 'W faiigled tilings — that he had better not med' Kmoiith III "o*? lie with things so long eslitlilislied.- K.Mi., vol. (I, ch. I J. p iwl IlilO. CONSERVATISM, Opposition of. To ISiliir. lAir several yrafs a prodigious clamor \siis riiiHcd agaiiisl Ihfs force, not only by thieves and streel walkers, but by respectable iipholderH of the ancient walcli. 'I'he new police wan to be " the most dangerous and ell'eclive engine of despotism." Il wiiulil liavc the certain eirect of depriving us of our imincinorial lilierties. — KMiiiirH K.Nii., vol. 8, ch. i;j, p, 'v'ICJ. li:il. . Miiiri*. For three centii- ries the exportation of coals to foreign countrie.'* was alniosl prohibil''il by excessive dtilies, lest the mines slioulil be e\)iauNtcd and our own manufacturing superiority he endangered. — Iv.MiiHTH K.Mi., vol. 'i, ch. 2W, p. 47H. Il9'i. CONSERVATIVE, Political. T.onI ir I it as a title honor, and vindicated, wit l vivacity, tlio dignity of tiie iippellation. Ihinggoiid, ho said, trims between extremes. The temperato /.one trims between Ihe climati! in which men nrv roasted and the climate in which they aro frozen. . , . Virtue is noihing but a just temper between propensities, any one of wliich, if in- dulged to excess, becomes a vice. — Macaulay'b Emi., ell. ;}. 1 13.1. CONSISTENCY, Disregard for. Jomfn IT. [Catherine Sedley was Ihe notorious mistress of .lames. His wife, Mary of iModena, was grieved.] She asked him how he reconciled his conduct ti) his religious professions. " You are rea(]y,"sho .said, "to init your kingdom to ha/.anl for tlio sake of your .soul, and yet you aro throwing away your soul for the sake of thai creature." Father I'etre, on bended knees, seconded fhe.so remonstrances. It was his duty to do so ; and his duty was not the less strenuously jwrformed becau.se it coincided wiili his interest. Tljeking went on for a time sinning and repenting. Inhi.s hours of remorse his jienanccs were severe. Mary treasured np to the end of her life, and at her death beipieathed to the convent of Chaillol, the scourge with which he had vigorou.sly aveng- ed her wrongs upon his own shoulders.— Ma- cavlay'h Enu., ell. (i. 1134. CONSOLATION of Fliilosophy. Jiomnn Senator Jhct/iiiis. [Imprisoned by Theodoric for maintaining the rights of .senators.] AVliilo Boethius, oppressed witli fetters, expected each moment the .sentence or the stroke of death, he composed, in the tower of Puvia, the " Consola- CONSFMHACY-CONSTUrcTlON. 13ft tlon of IMiiloMopliy," Ik K<>lrrotl. . . . Hill' lilll);llt llllll In I'onipiU'c Ills |oli){ |irospi'iily with Ills rcriiil illHirrsM, and lo con ri'lvo new liopcs from llir iiironHiiuicy of fort line. , . . Illsriii'inli's had lifl liiiii happiiirsM, in- nHnuK'li MM they hail Irfl liliii vlrliu', - Giniio.NM UiiMi:, eh. :«»■ li:iA. CONSPIRACY, Alarming. Ii,i;in of WilUitiii f, A>t the niiirderers, iind Ntrlcl Ncarcli was made for Ihcin, Imt p'ner- nllv in vain, for the wliolc nation was in ii con- Mpfnicy to Hcreeii them. It, wa.s at lcn>;lh tliou^ht necessary to lay a heavy tine on every hiindrt'd in which II person of |<*rencli extraction nIioiiIiI lie found slain ; and this rc>;ulatioii was followed up liy another re^rulation, |irovidini^' tlial every ]ierNoii who was found Niain sliould lie suppoHcd to Im! II Frenchman, unlcHNhc wa.s |iroved to Ihiii Hiixon. — MA(At'i,.\v'H KN(i.,ch. 1, p. Vi. 1130. CONSPIRACY, Infamoui. liojiiilintH. a.i>. 1770. A secret plot was fosieied by Tryon . . . through the royalist mayor of New York and tilhers. to prepare a lioily of conspirators, who hhould raise* an insurrection In aid of ilowc on Ills arrival, blow up the maijay.incs, jraln jio.s.ses- hion of the K'i>>^> <^>id .sei/t; WashiiiKton mid his principal olnceis. Some of the inferior a^jents ■vvere.s»ispectcd of havini; intended lo procure his death. ... It was discovei I before it was ma- tured. . . . Two or till of Ills own guaril ■were nartncrs in \\w schriue of treachery ; and anby [the Cliancellorof Eii^IiiikIJ to he its mor- tal enemy, artfully contrived to ruin him by making' him pass for a friend. Louis [XIV.], by the instrumentality of Hulph IVIontague, a faith- ]e.s8 and shameless man, who liad resided in Fmnce as miid.ster from England, laid before the House of Commons proof.s that the treasurer had been concerned in an applicirtion made by tlie Court to the Court of Versailles for a .sum of money. Tlio discovery luid its natural elTeey, the pirates of tlie Mediterranean were very nunxn'ous and bold. They seized prisoners on the land and carried them away.] l}\it the most contemjjtuous cir- cumstances of all Avas, that when they had taken a prisoner, and he cried out that he was a Roman, and told them his name, they i)retended to be struck with terror, smote their thighs, and fell upon their knees to ask him pardon. The poor man, seeing them thus humble themselves before him, th(mglit them in earnest, and .said he would forgive tjiein ; for .some were so officious as to put on his shoes, and others to help him on with his gown, that his qualitv might no moro >)e mistaken. When they had carried on this farce, and enjoyed it for .some time, they let a ladder down into the sea, and iMide lum go in peace ; and if he refu.sed to do so, tlu-y pushed him off the deck, and drowned liim. — Plutakch's " POMPEY." 1145. . Aldfic. [Rome was be- sieged, and aml)as.sadors sent to Alaric to treat for peace.] When they were introduoed into Ids presence they declared, perhaps in a more lofty -tyle than became their abiect condition, that the Romans were resolvea to maintain their dignity, either in peace or war ; and that if Alaric refu.sed them a fair and lionorable capitulation, lie might soimd his tnnnpcts, and prepare to give battle to an iimumerable I)eople, exercised in arms, and animated by de- spair. ' ' The thicker the hay, the easier it is mowed," was the concise reply of the barbarian ; and this ru.stic metaphor was accompanied by a loud and insulting laugh, expressive of his con- tempt for the menaces of an imwarlike populace, enervated by luxury before they were emaciated by famine. He then condescended to fix the ran- som -vliich he would accept as the price of his retreat from the walls of Rome : all the gold and silver in the city, whether it were the property of the State or of individuals ; all the rich and precious movables ; and all the slave'' who coidd prove their title to the name of barbarians. Tlie ministers of the Senate presumed to ask, in a modest .;ud suppliant tone, " If such, O king, are your demands, what do you intend to hjave us ?" ' • YouK LIVES 1" replied the haughty conqueror ; they trembled, and retired. Yet before they re- tired a short suspension of arms was granted, which allowed some time for a more temper- ate negotiation. — Gibbon's RoitfB, ch. 31. 1146. COITTEMPT, Protected by. Usurper Maximm. The unprotected Maximus, whom he [Count OerontiusJ had invested with tho purple, was in(lci)tedforhis life to the contempt that was entertained of his jiower and abilitiwf. The caprice of the barbarians, who ravaged Spain, once more seated tins imperial phantom on th(! throne ; but they soon resignecl him to the justice of llonorius; and the tyrant Maxinnis, after he had Ix^en shown to (he p(!oplc of Ra- venna and Rome, was ]>ublicly executed. — 'iin- no.Ns R().ME, ch. !51, p. liO!}. 1147. CONTEMPT, Kellgious. rvritanf. With the fear and hatred insi)ired by such a tyr- anny, c(.ntempt was largely mingled. The jwculi- aritles of the Puritan, his look, his dress, his dialect. Ins strange .scniples, had been, ever since the time of Elizal)eth, favorite subjects with mockers. But these i)ecidiaritics appeared far more grofestpie in a faction which ruled a great empire than in ob.scure and persecuted congre- gations. The cant which had moved laughter when it was heard on the stage from Tribula- tion Wholesome and Zeal-of-the-Land Busy, was still more laughabh; when it proceeded from the lips of genemls and couu.sellors of State. — Ma- cailay's Eno., ch. 3. 114!l. CONTENTMENT in Gardening. Dio- cletinn. [AVhen Diocletian resigned the imperial purple] he had jireserved, or at least he .soon re- covered, a taste for the mo.st innocent as well a.H natural pleasures, and his hdsure hours were sufflcienliv employed in building, planting, and gardenmg. Ills answer to Maximian is deserv- edly celebrated. He was solicited by that rest- less old man to rea.ssimie the reins of govem- nieut and the Imperial purple. V.c rejected the temptation with a smile ,i pity, calmly ob- .serving that if lie could show Maximian tho cabbages which ho had planted with his own hands at Salona, he should no longer l)c urged to relinquish the enjoyment of happiness for the pursuit of power.— GinnoN's Rome, ch. 13. 1140. CONTENTMENT under Hardships. John Wesley. [He] and 1 lay on the floor ; lie had my great coat for liis pillow, and I had Burkitt'.s notes on the New Testament for mine. One morning about three o'clock Mr. Wesley turned over, and finding me awake, clapped me on the ■side, saying, " Brother Nelson, let us be of good cheer ; I have one whole side yet, for the skin is off but one side." — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1, ch. 5. 1150. CONTENTMENT, Inferior. Samuel Johnson. Johnson (laughing): "It must bo born with a man to be contented to take up with little things. Women have a great advan- tage that they may take up with little thing.s, without disgracing themselves ; a man cannot^ except with fiddling. Had I learnt to fiddle, I •should have done nothing else. " Boswei>l : ' ' Pray, sir, did you ever play on any musical instrument?" Johnson: "No, sir; I once bought me a flageolet, but I never made out a tune." BoswELii : " A flageolet, sir ! so small an instrument ? I should h.ive liked to hear you play on the violoncello. That should have been yowr instrument." Johnson: " Sir, I might aa well have played on the violoncello as another, but I should have done nothing else. No, sir ; a man would never undertake great things could he be amused with small. I once tried knotting — Dempster's sister undertook to teach me — but CONTENTMENT— CONTRADICTIOX. 137 I could not learn It. " — BoswE^i/s Johnson, j p. 365. I llftl. CONTENTMEN-r with Poverty. T>iiil no roinrrMtion ; tlicre was notliing diticu8si'.d." — U(jswki-i,'s .Ioiinson, p. 488. lira. CONVXBSION, Clear. John Hu in/an. "One (hiy," he says, "as I was travelliii>r into the country, inusinij on tiie \.i( keive Himself to be nailed on the cross for his (Bunyan'.s) sake. " I saw Him in the spirit," he g(x;3 on, "a man on the right hand of the Father, pleading for me, and have seen the man- ner of llis coming from heaven to judge the world with glory." — Fuoudk's IIunyan, ch. 3. 1170. CONVERSION demanded. Pcrnriitns. The Emperor Attabalipa, at the approach of the Spaniards, had drawn up his army near the city of Quito. Pizarro began with offering terms of friendship, which being disregarded, lie ])repar- cd himself for a hostile assault. A Tnonk ad- vanced in the front of the army, holding in his hand a Bible, and told the inca Altabaiii)a, by means of an interpreter, that it was absolutely necessary for his salvation that he should believe all that was contained in that book. He then proceeded to set forth the doctrine of the crea- l5(m, the fall of Adam, the incarnation of our Saviour, the redemption of man, the power of the apostles, and the transmission of their author- ity by succession to the Pope of Rome, conclud- ing with the donation made by this Pope to Fer- dinand and Isabella, the predecessors of the Em- peror Charles v., of all the regions in the New World. In consequence of this clear deduction, he ordered the inca immediately to embrace the Christian faith and acknowledge the pope's su- premacy. . . , The terrors of a cruel death pre- vailed on Attabalipa to receive the sacrament of baptism ; and immediately thereafter he was strangled at a stake. The same punishment was inflicted on several of the Peruvian chiefs, who, from a prin{;iplc of generous magnanimity, chose rather to suflFer death than disclo.se the treasures of the empire to its inhuman and insatiable invaders. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6, ch. 21. 1177. CONVEESION, Intellectual. Constnn- tine. The sublime theory of the gospel had made a much fainter impression on the heart than on the understanding of Constantine him- Belf. He pursued the great object of his ambi- tion through the dark and bloody paths of war and policy ; and after the victory he abandon- ed himself, without moderation, to the abuse of hia fortune. ... As he gradually advanced in the knowledge of truth, he proportionally de- clined in the practice of virtue ; and the same year of his reign in which he convened the coun- cil of Nice was polluted by the execution, or rather murder, of his eldest son. — Ginno>'ft UoMK, ch. 20. II 7S. CONVERSION, Peculiar. MurtiriLutlier. In the year 1510 an Augustitiian monk walked, with desolate; heart, the streets of Uonie, and, turning away from tlu! ))()Hij) of her churche.s and the corruptions of the \ atican, sought re- lief to his awakened .soul by a.scending, (m his knees, with peasants and beggars, the staircase of Pilate, which was su])i)osc(l to have been trod- den by Christ at His trial, and is now enclosed near the Lateran Palace. While jjausing on tho successive steps to weep and imiy, a vciice from heaven seemed to cry within hiiii, "The ju.st shall live by faith." It was the voice of apos- tolical Christianity, and tlic; annouiiceiuent of the Heformalicm. He tied from the supersti- tious scene. — Stkvknh' Mi;tuodism, vol. 1, p. 1!». 1 170. CONVERSION, Remarkable. ILnry Dor- sey {joutjh. He was a young man of great wealth, residing at Perry Hall, about twelve miles from Baltimore, in one of tlie most sjiacious and ele- gant residences in America at that time. . . . His wife had been deeply impressed by the Meth- odist preaching, buthei^)rbade her to hear them again. While revelling with wine and gay com- l)anions, one evening ii was propo.sed that they should divert themselves by going together to a Methodist assembl}'. A.sbury was the preacher, and no godless diversion could be found in his jiresence. " What nonsense," exclaimed one of the convivialists, as they returned — " what non- sense have we heard to-night !" " No," exclaim- ed Gougli, startling them with sudden .surprise — "no; what we liave heard is the truth, the truth as it is in Jesus." " I will never hinder j'ou again from hearing the Methodists," hesjiid as he entered his house and met his wife. The impression of the sermon was .so profound that he could no longer enjoy his accustomed plea.s- urcs. He became deeply serious, and at last melancholy, " and was near destroying himself," under the awakened .sense of his mis.spent life. . . . [His converted slaves were happier than he, with all llis luxuries.] He w<'nt to his chamber, leaving a large company of friends at his table ; there lie threw himself upon his knees and im- plored the mercy of God, until he received con- .scious pardon and peace. In a transport of joy he went to his company, exclaiming, " I have found the Methodist's blessing — I have found the Methodist's God ! "— Stevens' M. E. CiiuKCH, vol. 1, p. 287. IISO. . John Bunijan. Bunyan had been bred a tinker, and had served as a private soldier in the Parliamentary army. Early in his life he had been fearfully tortured by remorse for his youthful sins, the worst of which seem, however, to have been sucii as the world thinks venial. His keen sensibility and his powerful imagination made his internal conflicts singu- larly terrible. He fancied that he was under sentence of reprobation, that he had committed blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, that he had sold Christ, that he was actually po.ssessed by a demon. Sometimes loud voices from heavei cried out to warn him. Sometimes fiends whis- pered impious suggestions in his ear. He saw visions of distant mountain-tops, on which the sun shone brightly, but from which he was sep- CONVERSION— CONVERT. 141 nnited by a waslf of snow, llo felt tlie devil l)c- ]iirul him pulling liis clotlirs. lie tliouglit timt tiic briind of Ciiin had l)Lrii not upon liiiii. \\r feared tliat lio wiw alKiut to biirHt asunder lilio Judas. His mental a^ony disordered ids liuallli. One day lie shook lilie a man in the jmlsy. On anotlier day ho felt a lire within his breast. It is dillieult to understand how lie survived sufTer- inijs so intense and so long continued. At length the clouds broke. From tho d(;pths of despair lh(! penitent ])ass(!d to a state of serene felicity. ^n irresistibU- impulse now urged him to impart to otiiers the blessings of which he was him.self possessed. He joinod the Baptists. — AIac;a clay's Eno., ch. 7. IISI. . Adam (-lurk. When he was a young man a preacher asked him, " Do you think that (Jod, for Christ's sake, has forgiven your sins'/" "No, sir; I have no evidence of this," the youth replied. lb; was directed to pray for it, and the pa.ssing word was " like a nail in a sure ])lac(!." He accompanied his mother to a class meeting, and soon was fervently .seeking the .spiritual life of which he heard its simple members speak. lie sought it through much mental anguish. . . . One morning, in deep dis- 1re.ss, he went out to his work in the fields; he began, but could not proceed. He fell on his knees on the earth, and i)rayed, but seemed to be without ability to utter even a broken supplica- tion. . . . His physical strength seems to liave dei)arte(l from liim. He again endeavored to pray . . . but the thickest darkness settled on Ins soul. He fell flat on his face, and tried to jiray. His agonies were indescribable. He says lie seemed forever separated from GimI. Death . . . [would h'.ivelK;en welcome, if it had brought an end to his painful feelings]. No fear of hell ])roduced these terrible conflicts. . . . Where to go, what to do, and what to .say he knew not ; even the words of prayer at last failed. . . : He experienced a sense ot' the displeasure of a holy God for having sinned against Him. . . , Passing through this agony, he felt strongly in his soul, " Pray to Christ ;" . . . he looked up confidently to the Saviour of sinni'rs, his agony subsided, his .soul became calm. He examined his con- science, and found it no longer a register of sins again.st God. He searched for liis distress, but could not tind it. ... A change hiixl taken ]ilace wthin him for which he had no name. He sat down upon the ridge where he had bvvn working, tilled with ineffable delight. He felt a sudden transition from darknessto light. He was like a ])erson who had entered a new world. . . . He could draw nigh to God with moi'c confidence than he ever could to his earthly father. [Thus did this moral young man l)egin that Christian life which adorned and sanctified the eminent scholarship of his riper years.] — StI'JVKns' Methodism, vol. 2, p. 28(5. Il§2. CONVERSION, Results of. Constuntine. Tlic public establishment of t'hristianity may be considered as one of those important and domes- tic revolutions which e.xcite the most livelj' curios- ity, and afford the most valuable instruction. The victories and the civil policj'of Constantine no longer influence the state of Europe ; but a considerable portion of the globe still retains the imi)re.s,sion wliich it received from the conversion •of that monarch ; and the ecclesiastical institu- tions of his reign are still connectcil, by an in- dissoluble chain, with the opinions, llkc pa.ssions, and file interests of the present g(!ueration. — Giu- jion's Ho.mk, ch. 20. unit. CONVERSION, Sudden. Among Vlitter Moiiiititinx. ' Are there any drunkards here 't" cried a Methodist itinerant, as lut pntaehed amid a mongn'l multitude [in the open air|. " Yes, I am one," rei)lied a sobbing Irishman, who, return- ing intoxicated toward his home, had stei)ped aside to the assembly, supposing it wits witness- ing a cockfight ; and from thai day he wjih not oidy reclaimed from his l()ng-(y)nfirined vice, but became a genuint! (-'hristian. — STKVKNa' Meth- odism, vol. 1, ]). 2H4. UN I. CONVERSIONS, Slow. Mahomet. Three years were silently employed in flu; conversion of fourteen proselytes, the first-fruits of his mis- sion ; but in the fourth year he assumed the pro- phetic ollice, and resolving to imi'>art to his fam- ily the liglit of diviiu! truth, he i)repared a baii- (piet — a lamb, as it is said — andabosvl of milk, for the entertainment of forty guests of the race of Ilashem. " Friendsand kinsmen, ".said Mahomet to the assembly, " I offer you, and I alono can offer, the most jirecious of gifts — the treasures of this world and of the world to c( nie. God has commanded me to call you to His .service. Who among you will sujjport my burden V Who among you will be my companion and my viz- ier?" No answer was returned, till the silenco of astonishment and doubt and contempt wa.s at length l)roken by the impatient courage of All, a youth in the fourteenth year of his age. " O ]irophet, I am the man ; wiio.soever rises against thee I will dash out his teeth, tear out his eyi^s, break his legs, rip up his belly. O prophet, I will bethv vizier over them." .Mahomet accept- ed his olier with transi)()rt. — GiunoNS Komk, ch. 5(1. ll»5. CONVERSIONS by the Sword. Chnrle- mar/iit'. Charlemagne traversed the entire terri- tory [of the Saxons] to its western exiremity, re- ceiving the submission of the inhabitants, and causing them to be bajilized by thousands by tho army of^priests who accompanied his march. Hut these co'nversions, as one of tho chroniclers ob- .serves, being made at the i>oint>)ftlie sword, were of necessitv insincere. — Studicnts" Fiiance, ch. 5, t; T), p. ()."). 11S6. CONVERT, A renegade. Lord Sinukr- hnid. Sunderland (i)rim( minisier of .lames H.], less scrupulous and less sensible of shame, resolv- ed to atone for his late niodenilion, and to re- cover the royal confidence by an act which, to a mindimprcs'scd with the importance of religious truth, nuist hav(! appeared to be one of the most flagitious of crimes, and which even men of the world regard as the la.st excess of baseness. . . . The renegade protested that he had been long con- vinced of the imiiossibility of flnding salvation out of the connnunion of Rome, and that his conscience would not let liim rest till he had re- nounctKl the heresies in which he liad been brought up. The news spread fast. At all the coffee-houses it Wius told how the ])rime-minister of England, his feet bare, and a taper in his hand, had repaired to the royal chai)el and knocked humbly for admittance ; how a i)ricstly voice from withinhad demanded who was there ; how Sun- (lerl.-md had made answer that a poor siuner who 142 CONVICTION— COOPERATION. hud lonp wandered from the true Church implor- <,'d her to receive! and to absolve him ; liow tlie doors were opened ; and liow tiie neoplivte par- toolt of the lioly niystericH. — Macaulay'h Eno., ch. 8. imr. CONVICTION, Popular. Joan of Arr. Her sanetily seized th(! l>earls of thv people. In a moment all were for her. Women, Indies, eit- 1/ens' wives, all Hocked to see her at the house vhere she was slayin/x, with Ww \vlf('of an jidvo rate to the i)arliamenl, and all returned fidl of emotion. ]\Ien went there too; and counsellors, ndvocates, old hardened judijes, who had sulfer- t'd themselves to Ik! taken tliilher incredulously, when tlu^y had heard her wei)t even as the wom- en did. and said. " The maid isof God." — ^Micir- klkt'h Joan OK A uc, p. 10. 1181. CONVICTION, Prayer for. (Lmv/r mU ler. When conversinhn Jlunynn. To IJunyan the future life of Cliristianily was a reality as certain as the next day's sunrise ; and he could have been happy on bread and water if h(! could have felt himself ])rei)ared to enter it. Every creiiled being se<'mcd better off than h(! was, lie was sorrv that (Jod had made him a man. He " blessed the condition of the birds, l)easts, and fishes, for they had not a sinful na- ture. They wen; not obnoxious to the wrath of (lod : thcyweri! not to go to liell-fire after death." H(! recalled the texts which spoke of Christ and forgiveness. He tried to ))ersuade himself that Christ cared for him. He could have talked of Christ's love and mercy "even to the very crows which .satontheiiloughed land before him." But h(! was too sincere to satisfy himself with formu- las and i)hrases. He co\i'ld not. he would not, ])rofess lo be convinced that things would go well with him when he was not convinced. — Fhoudk's Blnvan, ch. 8. 1193. . Conrrr.vdii. | lienjamin Abbott relates the following incident :] A (Quaker woman went from [his] i)reaching under strong conviction and such anguish of mind that she l)aid no attention to her family, not even to her suckling child. Early in the morning 1 was sent for; wiien I arrived she; was sitting with both hands clenched fust in the hair of her head, cry- ing out, " Lord, have mercy on me ! Save, Lord, or I perish !" I told her to pray in faith ; to look to Jesus, and lay hold on the promises, and God would have mercy on her ; but she said, " I cannot pray." I said, " You do pray very well ; go on." I then kneeled down and prayed ; threo j)ious women who were i)re.sent (lid likewise. . , The distressed woman appeared to be worse, liko one going distructcd. I then sang. When the last words were sung . . . I kneeled down ; in a few minutes .she clapped her hands together and cried, " 3Iy Lord, my God, my Father !" Her soul was immediately set at liberty, and she sprang ui> rejoicing and giving glorj' to God. — Stkvkns' M. E. CiiuucH, vol. 1, p. 2Tu. 1194. CO-OPERATION, Impossible. Junes IT. [The Dutch amba.ssador to London,] Dykvelt, reported that James was bitterly mortified by the conduct of tJie prince and jirincess [William of Orange and Mary his wife, the daughter of James]. "My nephew's duty," said tlie king, " is to strengthen my hands ; but he has always taken a pleasure in crossing me." Dykvelt answered that in matters of private concern his Highness had shown, and was ready to show, the greatest deference to the king's wishes ; but that it was scarcely reasonable to expect the aid of a Protestant prince against the Protestant religion. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 7, p. 226. 1195. CO-OFEBATION in Manofactores. Seten- teenth Century, There is the remnant of an old -J'*>^"-^J' '^f W-l COUONATION— COUUUPTION. 143 Byatcm of co-opomtive industry In tlio " tributcr" syHicm of their [tlio CorniHli tinncrH'J niiniiiff la- bor, wliich ii«Hi>i;n.s ciutli iimn a reward ditTereiit from tlie ordinary Hy.steni of waj^cs. Tlie (."or- nisli fl.Hlieries were conducted on tlie same princi- l)le, which has probably prevailed from very re- mote times. The same system of co-operatiim prevailed in one of the industries of Somerset- shire — thechcese-makiuffof ("heddar — for which Fuller has the characteristic! name of "Join- dairies." All the cowkeepers united in mamirinif the common upon which the; cows fi'd. p]very one brouirht his milk to a common room, where the quantity was meo-Hured and recorded. The; makms; t)f a ^reat cheese went duly forward ; and wiien the milk of a jtoor man who kept but one cow was sulllcient for one cheese, he re- ceiv(,'d his cheese. The rich owner of many cows liad his return earlier, but the poor man was sure of his just share. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 5, ch. 1. p. 14. ll»«. CORONATION ceremony. Frankfi. The kinysof thi; Franks had hitherto been inau- jijurated by n ceremony peculiar to the Gothic nation, heated on a shield, they were carried throui^h the ranks, and received tlu^ homaj^e of the army. Pepin, awans of the violence Ik; had (lone to human institutions, was anxious to im- press the belief that his riifht to the crown was of heavenly origin. He adojjted from Scriptun; the ceremony of con.secration by holy oil, and Avas anointed by the hands of Boniface, Arch- bishop of Mentz ; and this ceremony becauK; ever after an established usage in the coronation of Chri-stian princes. — Tyti.ku's Hist., Book C, ch. 2. 1107. COBONATION a pergonal Act. At Ko- tre I)(i)ne. [The Senate had chosen and proclaim- ed him emi)eror. The pope was brought from Italy to consecrate the ceremony of coronation.] The pojie anointed the emperor, blessed the sword and sc^eptre, and as he approached to take up the crown, Napoleon firmly and with dignity took it in his own hand and placed it himself upon his head. This characteristic act produced an indescribable effect upon the assembly. — An- bott's Nai'oi,kon B., vol. 1, ch. 2y. 1108. CORPULENCE, Distinguished, Lotiis VI. Louis VI., surnamed Le Gros from his cor- pulency, was tuiquestionably one of the ablest and best sovereigns who have tilled the throne of France. — Students' Fkanck, ch. 7, g 21, p. 120. 1100. CORPULENCE, Inactive. C/inrlfs the Fat. Emperor Charles the Fat, youngest son of Louis the German . . . was utterly unworthy of the lofty position to which fortune had raised him. He was devoid both of military and po- litical tiUent ; his corpulence rendered him inac- tive ; he was cruel, treacherous, cowardly. — Students' Franck, ch. G, § 7, p. 92. 1200. CORRESPONDENT, Burdensome. Crom- well. [One of his daughters married Ireton.] She was call-^d Bridget. Her enlightened intel- lect and fervent piety made her the habitual con- fidante of all her father's religious feelings. We may trace in some scraps of his letters to this young female the constant preoccupation of his mind. " I do not write to your husband, be- cause he replies by a thousand letters to every one that I address to him. This makes him sit up too late ; iM'sides, I have many other things to attend to at jire.sent." — La.mahtink's Cuoia- WKiJ,, p. 34. 1301. CORRUPTION, Audacious, C/ilins. Catiline, being prosecMiled for some great offence, corrupted tlu! judges. When they had given their verdict, though he was accpiitted only by a majority of two, he said he had i)ul himscff to a needless expense! in bribing one of tho.'it) judges, for it would have been sulllci<-nt to havo had a majority of out!. — Fi.utahc ii's C'lcicito. laoa. CORRUPTION denied. I',hif/i,n,.i. In th(! fifth century arose the Pelagian lieresy. The authors of it were Pelagius and Cieiestius, the former a native of Britain, the latter of Ireland. These men looked u])on th(! doctrines commonly received concerning the original cnrniptinn of human nature, and the necessity of divine grace to enlighten the understanding and i)urity the heart, as ])rejudieial to the jirogress both of re- ligion and virtue, and teixling to lull niaiikind into a presiunptuous and fatal .si'curily. 'I'liey maintained that these doctrines were c(|ually fals(! and ])ernieious ; that the sins of our first ])arents wer(! imputed to them alone, and not to their posterity ; that w«! derive no corruption from their fall, but are born as i>ure aiul un- spotted as Adam came from the hands of his 3Iak(!r . . . that mankind are capable of arriving at the highest degree of piety and virtue, by (he use of their own natural faculties and powers. — Tvti.kk'h Hist., Book 0, ch. 3. 1203. CORRUPTION, Ecclesiastical. Piip,il Throne. Amid these contentions of parties it be- came a usual practice to adjust the difference by setting the popedom up to ])ulilic sale, ami disposing of it to the highest bidder ; and bish- opric and inferior benefices were filled in tho same manner. Benedict VHI. and John XIX., two brothers, publicly bought the popedom one after another, and on the (leath of the latter it was purchased in a similar manner for a cliild of ten vears of age, Benedict IX. — TvTLKu'a Hist., IJook 6, ch.' 4. 1204. . Twelfth ('aituri/. Corrupt as the .Church of Borne was, there is reason to believe that if tlu! church had been overthrown in the twelfth or even in the fourteenth century, the vacant sjjaco would have been occupied by .some .system more corrupt still. There was then, through the greater part of Europe, very little knowledge, and that little was confined to tho clergy. Kotoneman in five hundreil could have spelled his way through a psalm. Books were few and costly. The art of printing was un- known. Copies of tlie Bible, inferior in beauty and clearness to those which every cottager may now command, sold for prices whicli many priests could not afford to give. It was obviously im- pos.sible that the laity should search the Script- ures for themselves. It is probable, therefore, that, as soon as they had put off one spiritual yoke, they would have put on another. — Macau- lay's Eno., ch. 1, p. 42. 1305. CORRUPTION, Governmental. Emnan. [In 399 the ambitious eunuch Eutropius -waa made consul.] Claudian . . . says this infamous broker of the empire appreciates and divides tho Roman provinces from Mount H.Tmus to tho Tigris. One man, at the expense of his villa, is 144 CORRUPTION. 'i iniido proconsul of Asia ; a sw^oud purchases Hyriiiwith his wife's jewels ; nml n third liiments that he has exchanged his paternal cMtutt^ fortiii; govemnient of Uitiiynia. In the anleehanihcr of EutropiuH a lar^a' lul)let is exposed to jjuhlie view, which marks the reHi)ective |)rices of tlie l»rovinces. Tiu; dillVrent value of Pontus, of Galatiu, of Lydia, is acciii-alcly ilistin^uislied. L^cia may tie ol)tained for so many thoiisaMd. I live here to serve my <'onstituenfs. The Min- istry niay seek men for tlieir jiurpose ; 1 am not one." 1'20W. CORRUPTION, Judicial. UomniiK. As it was rcMsonalily ap])relien(led that the integrity of the judge might be biassed if his inteixjsl was concerned or his affections wen; engaged, the strictest regidations were established to exchuh; any person, without the special dispensation of the emperor, from iIk; government of the i)rov- ince where he was born ; and to pi"ohibic the governor or his son from contracting marriage with a native or an inhabitant ; or from pur- chasing slaves, lands, or liouses within the ex- tent of his jurisdiction. Nolwith.standing these rigorous ])recautions, the Emperor Constantine, after a reign of twenty-five 5'ears, still deplores the venal and oppressive administration of jus- tice, and expresses tlie warmest indignation that the audience of the judge, his despatch of busi- ness, his seasonable dela5's, and his final sentence were publicly sold, either by himself or by th^.' offloers of his court. The conlinunnce, ikiid por- haps the impunity, of tlieso crimes \n atU'sted by the repetili(ai of imixttent hiws and inellectuul minaccs. — (hiuio.Ns Uo.mk, ch. 17. ItlOO. CORRUPTION, OffioUl. Itomant. The reaplive (lolhs) barbarians, who considered their arms as tlu! ensigns of honor and the pleled to accept. To pre.s<'rve their arms, the haughty warriors r()nsente2I0. -; — . Senntnr Venrn. Vcrres held his province for three years. He was su- preme judge in all civil and crinunal cases. Ho negotiated with the parties to every suit which was brought l)efore him, and then sold his deci- sions. li(! confl.scated estate* on fictitious accu- sations. The island was rich in works of art. Verres had a taste for such things, and seized without scruple the finest jjroductions of Praxi- teles or Zeuxis. If those who were wronged dared to complain, they were sent to forced labor at the quarries, or, as dead men tell no tales, w(!rc; put out of the world. He had an undcr- .slaiiding with the pirates, which throws light upon the secret of their imi^unity. A shipful of them were brought into Messina as prisoners, and were .sentenced to Xm executetl. A handsome bribe was paid to Yerres, and a numlterof Sicil- ians whom he wished out of the way were brought out, veiled, and gagged that they nnght not lie recogiii/t^tl, and were liangtHl as the pi- rates' substitutes. Uy these metluMls Verres was accused of having gathered out of Sicily three ([uarters of a million of our monev. Two thirds he calculated on having to speml in corrupting the consuls and the court before which he might be prosecuted. — Fuornio's C.ks.vi!, ch. 9. 1211. CORRUPTION, Political. RovxinH. [Ca<- sar and Poni])ey tried to ruin each other.] And all ranks of men were .so (Hirrupted that tables were publicly set out, \\\w\\ which the candidates for olHces were professedly ready to pay the IK'ople the price of their votes ; and the jwople came not only to give their voices for the man who had bought them, but with all manner of oiTensive Aveajions to fight for him. Hence it often happened that they did not part without ])olluti:ig the tribunal with blood and nnirder, and the city was a perpetual scene of anarchy. In this di.sraal situation of thii s, in these st/orms of epidemic madness, wise men thought it would be happy if they ended in nothing worse than mouarciiy. Nay, tliere were many who scrupled not to declare publicly that monarchy was the only cure for the desperale disorders of the C'OUUUPTIOX— COLXSEL. 14.-. 8t«tc, iin;nidiilirinciple, lliat in order to form the universe, nothing elst! was re((uisite but matter and motion ; that extension is the e.s.sence of all iKidies, and spiic*- being extended as well as matter, then; is no dilTerence between space and matter, conse(|iiently there is no void or vac- uum in nature. \\v divides this homogeneous mass of space and matter into angular parts of a cubical form, leaving no interstices between them. " To these cubes," .says he, " the Author of Natun; gave a rotatory motion round their axes, and likewise an impulse forwanl, which drives them round the sun as a centre." From the attrition of the parts in this rotation lie suj)- poses the planets to be formed. This .strange ro- mance . . . seemed to explain several or the phenomena of nature. — Tytlkk'h Hist. , Book 0, ch. 36. 1219. COUNSEL of the Dying. T.^uh XJV. Louisdid not long survive the pacification of his empire. He died onthelst of September, 1715, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. . . . Tlie last words which he uttered, as reported by Madame Maintenon, who heard them, were the dielutes cfpially of a wise and a magnanimous spirit ; he l liccii iililt' ti) (111, 'I'likf iiiilicc, my smi ; these lire my lii^t wimls, imil let tliem n'mk deep into ymir miml— rememlier lliat kiiii,'s ilie like dllier men." — Tytikhh lliHT., liiiiik (I, cli. ;IL 1*JSI0. COUNSEL, Inopportune. Di-piitint of NtllitiM. Ax sDiin lis the iilaec wii.s ilivesleil liy sen mill liilli], iielisal'iilH ;;uve aii(li<'iiee tii tlie ilepil- ties (if llie |ie(i|ile, wIki exlidi'leil liiiii tii ilisre- ^'iird a ((ilKillcst llliwnrlllV (if \\U ihiiih, tn seek the (tiithic kiiii; ill u Held (if liattle, iind. idler Ills vieliiry, tn claim, 'is the sdvcrei.Lrii (if Uume, till! alU%'-iaiiee (if IhiMlepeiideiit cities. " When I treat with my enemies," replied the Itdiiiaii chief, w'llli a liaii^lily Hiiille, " 1 am mim^ acciis- tiime(l Id u'ive than to recelvi^ ciiiinsel ; iiiit I liiild In diic iiand inevitalih! niln, and in the dther |ieaee and freeddin, such as Sicily ikiw enjoys." — (tiiiiioN's Hd.Mi;, cli. -11. I 'j'i I. COUNSEL, Safety in. li.iltl,: |\Vhen the fiirces df William ill. dlitaincd their crdwn- in,!? victiiry dver tlidse df James II. at A^dirim, the army nf the latter was cdinmanded liv the MiinpilsSt. Until, II French p'lienil. I St. Uiilli liad made alile dls|)(isili(iiis fur the Imlllc, lint, jealous df the Irisli p-ncrals, liiid kept his plans to himself, and when he was killed liy a caiinon shot early in tlii^ action, there was no one to Hiicceed liim. The I'iii^^llsh troops, in spiti" of the wellcliiisen ]iiisill(in of their opponents, to- tally iiiuted .James' army. — Am. Oyci.oi'KDIa, "A(illllIM." laaa. counsellor. An evll. liolxvt I'vr- ffiiKDii. [An e.xilc from Hii,i;laii(l and i)rdinoter of the rcliellloii iigainst .James II. 1 terguson, who, ever since tho death of Cimrlcs, hail liecn Monmouth's evil angel, had a Hiiggeslioii ready. The duke had jnit liimself into a false position ]iy declining the royal title. Had lie declared liimself sovereign of P^ngland, his cause would liave worn a show of legality. At jiresent it was inipossilile to reconciki liis Declaration with the liiinciplesof the Constitution. It was clear that ili<-tiit(ir'M HiibHrrlptlon, and uviiilcd liiiiiscif (if iliciu HH jji'iminc. — Tvti.ku'h lliHT.. IJ.x.k I, (li. a. liiilM. COUMTTRT, Contemptible. S.i mud. John- n»ii. Mr. ( »;,dlvir Will ' iiliirky ciiDiijfli lit clmrwc for llic topic of IliM (uiivcrHiiiion tlir pritiHCH of his native coiiiiiry. . . . lli' oiiscrvccl tliiil Scot- liiiid Imd It >:r road that leads Idm lo Ijil^IiiikI !" TluM unexpected and pointed sally prodticed a roar of applause, — Hoswkij.'s.Ioiinson. p. 117. laslO. COUNTRY, A deierted. /•'./////■ /,- I{,/>,l- lion. VV'lien tlie troops of Maxiinin, Milvancini,' in exccilenl order, arriv<'d al tlii; fool of Hie •Iiiliun Alps, they were terrilled liy the silence and desolation tliat rcii^ncd on the fronliers of Italy. The villau^es and open towns had been aliandoned on their approach by the iiili ibitaiits, the catllo was driven away, tlie jirovi^ions re- tnovcd or destroyed, the biid;;e.s broken down, nor was anytliini; left which could alTi id eilher nhelter or id)sislence to an invader. iSuch had been till! wise orders of tlii! (,'eneralH of the Hi-'iiate, wlio.se desiu:n wiw to protract the war, to ruin the army of .Maxiinin by the slow ojiera- tion of famine, and to cotisiimi^ his strenirth in the sicijcs of the principal cities of Italy, which thev had j>lentifiilly stored with men aial jinivision-. from Iho ticserted conntry. — Giii- uo.n's Homk, ch. 7. lii:iO. COUNTRY, Preservation of One's. S»- Ioii'm I.iiw. The most ju'cnliar and surprising,' of his otler laws is that which declares tlu; man infamous who stands neiiler in the time of sedi- tion. It. seems he would not have us be indif- ferent and unalTecteil with Hie fate of the pub- lic when our own conet^rns an; upon a safe bol- loni ; nor when \\i ne in health be insensible to the distem[)ers ;ind griefs of (tur tM^untiy. He would liave us espouse tins better and juster cause, and ha/ ml everything in defence of it, rather than wail in safety to .see which side the victory will incline to. — I'l.i-rAKcii. 1 ilil I . COUNTRYMEN abused. Ri'inn of CIm rlix II. AVlien the lord of a I.,incolnshire or Shrop- Kliire manor apjieartid in Fleet Street, he was as easily dislinguished from the resiiU-nt poji ulation as a Turk or a Lascar. His tlre.ss, ids gait, his accent, the maimer in which lie stared at tlu; shops, stumbled into the gutters, ran against the I'-Tlers, and sto<)i)eared to liim the most honest, triendly gentlemen that lie had ever .seen. Painted women, the ref- Tise of Lewkner Ijaiie and Whetstone Park, passed themselves on liim for coimtcs.ses and maids of honor. If he asked his way to St. James', his iid'urmant.s sent him to Mile End. ■I" • ■"■■' ••■,s> '• olemn words :] my tongue ami If he went Intoii shop, he was Instantly diHcerned to Ih'ii tit purchaser of everything that nobody else Would buy — of second hand embroidery, I "ppir rings, and watches lliul would uol go.— •M \c\i i,.vv'k K.Mi., ch. U. I*J;M. courage in Battle, MmrinH. [When IIk' Hoinans met tin; N'olsciaiis, | Marcnis in- (piired of ( 'ominius in what manner the enemy'H army was drawn iiii, and where lluir best troopn were |ioKlcd. Itejng answered that llie Anti- ales, who wen; placed in the centre, were siip- jMised lo be the bravesl and most warlike, " I beg It of you, then," said Marcius, " as a favor, thai you will place me directly opposite to them." — I'm r\U( II. 1 4:1:1. COURAOE, Christian. Mnrti/r>i. |I>r. Rowland Taylor, the martyr, wastoUl :| " If you will not rise with us now, and receive mercy now olTeied, you shall have judi;nient according to your demerit." .. . [lie replied :] "So lo rise should be lh(! greatest fall that ever 1 could ns- ceive ; for I should so fall from my dear Saviour Cliiisl to Antichrist.". . . jllooper was urged to recant. He replied in these so " I have Ijiught the truth with n with my pen heretofore ; and hereafter shall shortly contirm the same, by (Jod's grace, wilh my blood." 1 Latimer was urged to submit lo the Church, but refused, and before the commis- sioners the aged man encouraged his younger fri( nd, |{idle_\ , saying:] " iJe of good ('omfort. Master liidlcy, and play the man ! Wt; shall Ihi.H day light such a candle, by (Jod's grace, in Kng- land as shall never be put out." jtJranmer was urged lo recant. His natural courage was not strong : but he renounced his former recantation, and added :] " Forasimicli as my hand otTend- ed in writing continry to my heart, therefore my hand shall first be piinishe(l ; for if I may come lo the lire, it shall first be burned." At thtj burning he llirust it into the llames, exclaiming, with a loud voice, " 'I'liis hand hath otTended !" — Knkuit's Eno., vol. 8, cli. 0. laai. . Jo/iH Wfxli'u. [AtSheffleld Ik; was conlradicled by a blasplieming military otlicer while preaching.] Stones were thrown, hilling the desk and people. To save them ami Ihe house, be gave nolicti that he would preach out of doors, and look the enemy in Ihe face. He praj'ed for sinners as seivanis of theii- miuster, Ihe devil, uiion which an olllcer ran at him with irreat fur_\ , threatening revenge for his abu.se, as he calledit, of the king, ids master. He forced his way through the crowd, drew his vw ord, and l)rcsente(I it to the l)rcasl of the preacher, who threw o])en his vest, and, tixing hiseyeon his as- sailant, calmly .said : " 1 fc.ir (Jod, and lionortliu kinir." 'J'he cai)tain's couiiicnance fell in a mo- ineiit ; lie jtut uj) his sword, amhpdcklj' retrealettii'iit of lhi< |Nipiiliti'i', Iticy killnl thi'ir kri'|M rs, hrnWr trniri tlit> ptiuT iif tlu'ir coiillni iiictil, ami tlllcil llic •tiri'flit of Uiitdi' will) I)I(mmI hikI <'(inl'uHiun. Af- ter an (>listiiii(t(> ri'NisliiMci> tlicy wrri' ovcrpow- )'r)'y iniitlier. He|ianileil finin lier son, was hciiI u prisoner to the 'I'nwer of liondiin. 'I'lio I'riiioo of Wales, a yoiitii of in- trepid spirit, iK'ini? broiii^lit Into the pii seiice df Kdward, and asked, in an insult iiii; manner, how lie dared to invade the lerrildrjes df his sdverei^cn, "I have entered," said lie, •'the (Idininioiis of mi/ fiithfr. Id rcveni;!' hin injuries and redress///// oirii." The liarliardiis Kdward is said to have htnick him in the face v Mh his ^nmnllel, while the dukes of (Jloiieesienuid Clarence, iind olliirs nf the attenilant.s, rushed upon the nolile yoiitli and .stubbed him to the heart vvitli their diiLTirer^. — TvrLKii'rt ilisr.. ISodk (I, eh. II. law. COURAGE, Lo«i of. lUiom-Mm. The immediate loss nf ( 'dnslanlinople may be nscrib- «'d to the biillel, or arrow, which jiierced the piiitillet df .lohn .liisiiniani. The si;;ht of his Wood, anil the exipiisili- pain, a])piilled tlieco ape of the chief, wliose arms and coiinsels w> ■ UiC (irmesl rampmt f>f tlieeity. As lie withdrew from his station in (piest of a siir;.'edn, his tlij^ht was [MTceived and sliipped by the indefatiiriible emperor. " Voiir wound," exclaimed Palieolo- jius, "is sliiiht ; the daii^aT is pressinir ; your presence is ncees.sarv ; and whither will you re- tire V ' " 1 will retire," said the tremblin:,' (ien- 0(!se, " 1)V the same road which (ioil has opened to the 'I'lirks ;" and at these words he hastily pa.ssed fliroii lii> trent liiiieniM, inveMied at hik (■ on vsvty (piurter, were bi'dken in an iiislant. A Kinall house witli> in til** ramp became the citadel and last, resort of Charles and his intrepid Swedes, Their nuniber was now reduced to a very few, wlmm |iersonal i'e;{ard allacheil lo Iheir Hoverei^Mi. They did not fail, however, to reinonslriile with him auralnsl lb'* mildness of Ids resolution ; and in consiiliini; how to sustain u sie;;'e ill this hist rell'i at, thei'i' was bill one iiiiin w hn decliiiid a piisiii ve iipin- idii that the place ini;rht be defended. This was his .Majesty's cdnk. " Then, sir," says tlie kinir, " I name ymi my chief eiiicineer." They now pioceeded to bari'ieade the iliMirs and w iiidiiws, Iind kept nil an incessant lire from willibi upon the wlidl" riirklsh army. The besieu:ers, cxus. |ieriiled III Iciijzth at the niimberH killnl by this iiandfiil of iniidmen, llirew lire upon the rodf of the lioii-.e, w bich ill a moment was all in tiaines. It was now necessary to (piit their post ; a des- periile sally was made, and this handful of Swedes, iirmed with their swords and pistols, were cultinu' ilnir piissiure tliroii>ih an army of several tlioiisinid men, when Charles, entangled with his s|iurs, and 'iccidenlally falliiiLr to the ;j:round, was snrroiinded by a body of jani/aries. In will rl, llie whole troop, after makiiii; an in- en dible carniiire, were .seized and taken prison- CIS. .\n iilleiiipt of this kind is only to be juir- iilleled in the romaneesof knijilit-erriintry. This obsliiiancy and infiitnation was the dccasion nf Ibe Idss df Chai'les' doininions in (brmiiny, and alnidsl of his kiiij,'ddm of Sweden. — Tv h.ku'h Hist., Itddk H, eh. ;r». I!! 10. COURAOE, Masterly, CInnhH XIT. ri'he Danes and I'russiaiis besieued Slralsiind in I'omerania. Tlie Swi'desmadea bra vedef nice. | An incidt^nt is reconleil of thissieire wiiieh .siioni;- ly marks the chiinieler of Charles, The Iowa was bomltardcd, and a slieil |ienelrateil the ro.if of his house, and fell into llie apiirtmeiil wheru he was (iiclalin;; Ids despatches. The secretary, li-rrilied out of his senses, Imvinir lei fall his pen --" do on," said tlie kin.L,', j_navely ; " wli.il has the boinbsliell to do with llie letter wliicli I am (lictatiiij,' '/" The city, however, was taken, and Charles oblip'd to escape in ii Kiniill bark to Carlescroon, where he passed the winter. — Tyt- I, Kit's llisr. , Hook tl, ell. ;(.■>. 1211. COURAGE, Moral. Muftlii fjiOier. [He had been summoned to appear before the 1 iiiperiir at Worms.] As lu^ was nearinj; the city of Worms, his friend Spalatiu, who was in the company of the elector, .sent him a me.s.sajj;o warninfr him not to enter the city ar.d to incur .so jrreat danger. Luther replied to him : "To Worms was 1 called, and to AVorma must I jjo. And were there as many devils there as tiles up- on th(! roofs, yet would 1 enter into thai city." — llKiNs LiTiiKK, ell. y, p. 84. 12-12. . Jltr. ,'^mvd Johnson. ["Convicted of disseminatini,' .seditious tracts, j .luliuii Johnson, as he was popularly called, was .sentenced to stand thrice in the ])illory, und to be whipi)ed from >iewpUe lo Tyburn. Tho judge. Sir Francis Withins, told the criminal to lie thankful for \\\o. great lenity of the atlorney- generiil, who might have treated the ca.se as ono of liigh trea.son. " I owe him no thanks," nn- •swcred Johnson, dauntlessly. "Am I, whose foniAOE. 140 only rrlini- Im IIiiiI I liiivc ili'fi>iifli-i| tli<> Clniri-li mill till' liiws, III lie jfirtlrftil fur lM'lii(f N(iinrK«'il lik« U ilnu. wliili' |ii>|iis|i NirllililiTN run NlllTrnil sillily to iiiHiili till' Cliiin li Hill! Ill viiilitlf llir liiws villi iiii|iiiiilly '" TIm' iiirjry Willi wUlili hi' Hpiikc \Mi<4 MiiVli tli:it liutli III!' Jiiii);i'>« mill IIk' ('mwii JiiwyiTM lliiiiii^lii ll riiTi'Hsiiry ii> vliiillniii' tlicmtrlvt"*, mill prnl(>iir<« aniiiii;; wiimii in- liiiidrcil as mi itini'nint Mrlim ;ivc you notice tlial (Jiilcon Oiiselcy, the irish missionary, is to preach this evening in such II place, and at such an hour. Anil, J nm tlie iniiii. iiii/mtf." — Stkvknk' Mi^niioDisM. 1944. ' . Ii„/fi;,f,. [When Sir Wal- tcr Ualei^di came to the sculTold he was very f'tiiit. and commenced his speech to the crowd by .saying that durin;; the last two days Ik; had been visited liytwoa^ue Ills.] "If, Iherefore, you perceive any weakness in me, I heseech you iLscribe it to my .sickness rather than to my.scll'." He look the axe and kis.scd tlie blade, and said lo the Hh<'ritT, " "i'is a slmrii medicine, but a .sound cure for all diseases." — kMuiiTS Kmi., vol. it, ch. 24, p. nm. Vim. . (hinliiii. [When Ui<'h- ard I. (the Jiioii) was near his death, | hit then or- d(!red Hertram de (Jurdun, wli) liad wounded liiui, to come into his pri-sence, and .said to him : " What harm liave I done to you, that you have killed me ?" On which lie made answocsaiiy one of you fear to share all dangers with me, he can this day relire ; I never will reproach him. Then, as the enthusiasm enkindled nrouiid him, he lidded, with a serene smile, " I know that not one of you will leavi! me." — H.v.NtuoKTH U. S., vol. 4, cli. 4. I illW. COURAGE, Only physical. Mn rll>»roiir/fi . The Duchess of .MarllKirough held the ollle<' of ady of llie wardrobe to Queen Anne. She wa.s to lie removed from her position iK'cause of the dislike of the (lueeii. Her husband, " the great- est . V249. COURAGE recovered. Iiix)ii>i> ('ninmcr. The courage which (,'ranmer had shown since the acccssiou of ,Mary gave wav the moment lii.s final doom was amiouiurd. The moral coward- ice which had disi>la}ey hand contrary to tiie trutli wliieji I tliouniit in my lieart, and written for fear of death to save my life, if it niiiil-.t t)e. And, forasnuieh as my hand oll'ended in writini; contrary to my lieart, my hand therefore slwM ti<' the first ])iinishe(l ; for if I come to the lir(>, it shall hi! the first hurned. This was the liand that wote it," he apiin ex- claimed at the stake, " therefore it sh.ill sufT'ei first i)iinishn'ent ;" and lioldini; it steadily in the llanie, "he never stirred nor cried" till life was gone. — Hist, ok Exo. Pkoi-m-, g 0G7. 12.50. COURAGE, Religious. Puritioi. Alira- hani Holmes', a leti-ed otlicer of the Parliannn- tar_\ army, and one of those zealots who would own no king- hut Kinir Jesus, had been taken at yedgenioor. His arm had been frightfully man- gled and shattered iiithe battle ; and, as no sur- geon was at hand, the stout old soldier amputat- ed it himself. He was carried up to London and examined In the kinii in council, brt would make no submission. " I am an aged man," he said, "and what remains to mo of life is not worth ii falsehood or a ba.seness. I have always been a Republican, and I am so still." He was sent back to the west and hanged. The peojjle rennirked with awe and wonder that the beasts which were to dr'ig him to the gallows became restive and went l)a(k. Holmes himself doubted not that the Ang>''. of the Lord, as in the old lime, stood in tiie way, sword in hand, invisible to human eyes, but visible t'> the inferior animals. "Stop, gentlemen," he cried, "let me go on foot. Tl jre is more i.i this than you think. Kc' "mber how the ass .saw Him whom the proi)het could not see." He walked manfully to the gallows. — >Lvc vri.AYs Ex(t., cli. 5, p. (iOO. 1251. COURAGE, Safety in. liessel, suri)rising tiio frigate, and setting her on tire. How neatl}' th'a was done, most readers know. The surpri.so was .so co:ni)lete, that Decatur had po.s.session of the ship in just ten minutt's after he had given th^ order to board. Combustibles were all ready, and were placed in various jjarts of the vessel.. At the signal they wen; .set on tire, and the ship, dry as tinder from many nu)nti'.s' exposure to a tropical sun, blazed up with such rapidity that the ketch in which the Aniericans had boarded her narrowly escaped being involved in tho .sanu! conflagration. ... In this affair Lieuten- ant Lawrence commanded one division of tlie at- tacking party, and behaved with admirable cool- ness and gallantry. Decatur pronounced a tine eulogium upon him when he .said, " There is no more dodge about Lawrence tlian there is about the mainmast." — Cycloi'EUia of Bioo,, p. 128. 1254. COURT, Infamous. Trial of Chdius. [He attemi)ted to corrupt Pompeia, lh: When Mr. Polk closed his service in the [SjK'ak- er's] chair, at the end of the Twenty-tifth Con- gress, no AVhig member could be found to move the customary resolution of thanks — an act of courtesy which derives its chief grace by coming from a political opponent. When tlie resolution was presented by ii Democratic Rep- resentative from the South, it was opposed in de- bate by prominent Wliig members. . . . The Whigs as a party resisted its adoption. The Dem- ocrats could not even bring the Hou.se to a vote upon the resolution witliout the use of {\\c pre- mous question. [He was accused of partiality, injustice, and narrowness,] — Bi.aink's Twenty Years of Conoukss, j). f)9, 125§. COURTESY forfeited. Cmnurell. [He swept over the country like a tempest,] He threv* himself before Winchester. The last- named place surrendered by capitulation. While here he very courteously .sent in to the Bishop of Winchester, and offered him a guard to se- cure his per.son ; but the bishop, tlying into the castle, refused his courtesy. Afterward, when the castle began to be battered by two pieces of ordnance, he sent to the lieutenant-general thanking him for the great favor olfered to him, and being now more sensible what it was, he desired the enjoyment of it. To whom the wi.se lieutenant-general replied, that since he made not u.se of the courtesy, but wilfully ran away from it, he must now partake of the same conditions as the others who were with him in ♦lie castle ; and if he were taken, he must ex- pect to be used as a prisoner of war. — Hood's Ckomwell, ch. 10, p, 1:58, 1259. COURTESY, Marked. Etirilixh. Cour- tesy to strangers, and to each other, which . . . was a peculiarity of the English [in I.')!)!)], has scarcely so maintained its ancient ascendancy. " They have the incredible courtesy of remain- ing with their heads uncovered, with an admir- able grace, while thej' talk to each other." — Knight's Eng,, vol, 2, ch. LI, p, 254. 1260. COURTESY to the Unfortunate. Bldck Prince. [At the battle of Poitiers the Black Prince defeats and captures the French king .Tohn II.] That night the Prince of Wales [tho Ulack Prince] made a supper in his lodging for th(! French king and to the great lords that were prisoners. " And always the Prince serv- ed before the king, as inunbly as he could, and would not sit at the king's board, for any deslns that the king could make, and exhorted liiiu not to lu! of heavy cheer, for that King Edward, his father, shoulcl bear him all honoraiid amity, and accord with him so reasonably that they should lie friends ever after." . . . 'I'his scene, so gracefully performed by him Avlin, a few hours before, was "courageous and cruel as a lion," was in perfect aecordanee with the system of chivalry. — Knkuit's Emi,, vol. 1, ch. ol, p. 47(i, 1201. COURTS, Injustice of remc-utinn. To abolisli the worship and to dis.sojvi' the govern- ment of ilie Christians, it was thouLrlit ni'<('ssary to subject to tli(^ most intolerabi '' > 'sliips the condition of those ])ervers(( ' ■ . als who shouldstill reject the religion o' .lu- )f Rome, and of their ancestors, Peisoi .1: ■ ral birth W(Te declared incapable of holdii. v ■ .'^y lioiiors oremiiloymeii's ; slaves were forever di-prived of the hopes of freedom, and the whole body of tho ]ieoi)l(; were jiut out of the protection of the law. The judges were authorized to Ik .rand to rep()nderance of authority in favor of the (li.spensiiig jKiwer ; yet it wa.s important that 'he bench, wliich liad been carefullv packed for the occasion, should appear to lie indeiiendent. One judge, therefore, the least respectable of the twelve, was permitted, or more proliably com- manded, to giv(! his voice against the preroga- tive. — Macai'i.ay's Eng., cli. 6, p. 78. 1263. COURTS, Scandalous. liei'pi of ^ ///tries T. The judges of the common law, holding their situations during the |)lca.sure of the king, were scandalously obseciuious. Yet, obse(|uious as they were, they were less ready and ellicient instruments of arbitrary power tl.an a class of courts, the memory of wl ich is still, :dter the lapse of more than two centuries, held in deep abhorrence by the nation. Foremost among these court,", in power and in infamy were the Star Chamber and the High Commission, the for- mer a political, the latter a religious, imiuisition. Neither was a part of the old Constitution of Eug- lana. — Macaulay's Eng., ch, 1, p. 83. 1264. C0VET0U8NESS, Contemptible. Ilcnry III. History presents him in scarcely any other 152 COVETOUSNESS— COWARDICE. lifiht tlmn llial of an cxlortioncr and a Ix'jrgar. Tin; rcconl.s of tlic Excli('((U('ral)unilantlj' show. that, for forty years, tlicn; were no contrivances lor olitainiii!,' money so mean or niijust that lie disdained to ])ractis(! tiiem. — KMiiin's Knu., vol. 1, ch. :.>4, p. 2()1. 1205. C0VET0U8NESS punished, df/il. MWh- ridates . . . sent A(^uiilius round tlie cities of tlic jiroviiice scut(^d on an ass, wiili a proclamation Ktatiiii^ tliat to Ids covetous dcalini;s alone tlie war was due, and llicn ])nt Idni to (ieatli by lia\- ing molten t^old jioured down liis tliroat.— J^iu- j>ici,i,'m Komi:, ch. T)!!, t^ (i, |). .")it(i. I20«. C0VET0U8NE8S, Royal. /A//;// J//. In I2'dii the (|U<'en l'r)i-e a son, Kdward ; and then the .streets \ver(^ illununated, while hands of dancers made the niirht ,joyl'ul with drum and tambourine. Hut Henry . . . was not .satisfied with barren re joicini^s. Jle sent out messeiiirers to asj^ for i)resents, into city and into country. They came back. If well loaded, the kini; snnled ; if the t:;ift were small, it was rejected with contempt. " God f that friendly olfice ... a character hapjiily diflicult to be jiaralleled in the annals of human nature. — TvTMiJi's llisT., Book .•), ch 1 . 1271. COWARDICE despised. " General White- fcdtlicr." [General VVhillock surrendered Monte- video in a cowardly manner, and returned to England with a whole skin. He was nicknamed General Whitefeather.] — IvMCiUT'a Eng., vol. 7, ch. 27, 11. 48(). 1272. . " TJttle. King." Ferdinand attackt'd his former idly with the tmitod forces of Castile and Arragon. The war was tedioiis, and lasted several years. Isabella accompanied her husband in several of his militaiy expedi- tions, and attended him when he laid siege to the city of Granada, in 141d. After a blockade of eight months, the ])usillanimou8 Abo-Abdeli, who has been called El Key Chico, or the Little King, meanly ca])itulated, contrary to the senti- ments and urgent remon.st ranees of above twenty thou.sand of the inhabitants, who ofleretl to de- fend their native city to the last extremity. The treaty between Abo-Abdeli and Ferdinand secur- ed to the Moors of Granada a small mountain- ous ])art of the kingdom, with the enjoyment of their laws and religion. The Moorish jirince, execrated by his i)eo])le, betook himself to this despicable retreat. He is said to have wept when he ca.st back his eyes to the beautiful jilain and city of Granada. " You have rea.son," said hi.s mother, " to weep like a ironttni for the loss of that kingdom, which you could not defend liki; a iiiiin." Thus ended the dominion of the Moors in S])ain. about eight hundred years after its foiuidation [.v.d. 141)1]. — Tvti,i;u's Hist., Book 0, ch. 14. r273. COWARDICE, Disgrace of. Ihinid Scott. [Sir Walter Scott's brother.] Daniel Scott was the black .sheejiof the family. He got into diltt- culties in business, formed a bad connection with an artful woman, and was sent to try his fortunes in the West Indies. There he was employed in COWARDICE— CUEDULITV 153 some service npaiiist, a body of refractory negroes, . . . and api)areiitly showeil the white featlicr. Mr. Lockliart says tliat " ho rcturiieii to Scotliiiui a di.slionored man ; and tliou^h lie found slielter and compassion from liis mother, his hrotlier would never see him aijain. Nay, when, soon ufter, his health, shattered by dissolute indul- gence, . . . gave way altogether, and he died, us yet a young nian, th(! i)oet refused either to at- tend his funeral or to wear mourning for him, like the rest of Ins family." Indeed, he always Hpokeof him as liis " relative," not as his brother. Here again Scott's severity was due to his broth- er's failure as a "man of honor" — i'.c. ,in (;our- uge. — IIltton's Hcott, eh. 11. 1271. COWARDICE prevented. Rohn-t Gnui- card. [Xormans were victorious over tlie Greeks. ] On the re])ort and distant i)rospect of these for- midal)le numbers, Robert a.ssembled a council of Ins j)rincii)al otHcers. " You behold," said he, "your danger ; it is urgent and inevitable. The hills are covered with arms and standards, and the emperor of the Greeks is accu.stomed to wars and triumi>Iis. Obedience and union are our only safety, and I am ready to yield the com- mand to a more worthy leader." The vote and acclamation, even of Ins secret enemies, a.ssured him, in that perilous mon^ent, of their esteem and contidence ; and the duki' thus continued ; " Let us trust in tlie rewards of victory, and de- prive cowardice! of the means of escape. Let us burn our ves.sels and our baggage, and give bat- tle on this spot, as if it were the place of our na- tivity and our burial." The resolution was unanimously approved ; and, without contining liimself to his liiu's, Guiscard awaited in battle array the nearer approach of the enemy. — Giu- UON 8 Ro.MK, ch. r)6. 1375. CO'WARDICE punished. Hownns. The dictator, or consul, had a riglit to command tlu; Bcrvice of the Roman J'outh, and to punish an obstinate or cowardly di.sobedieiu'e by the most severe and ignominious penalties — by .striking tlie oflenderout of tlie list of citizens, by conliscatiiig his property, and by selling his person int(j sla- very. — Gujuon's Romk, ch. a. iar«. . Deputies. On the 2d of line [lTi):i] the Tuileries were completely sur- roundetl by an armetl nuiltitudc; of HO. 000 men, with ;i formid >!e park of artillery commanded by ilcnriot ; and the commune required from the all' lighted deputies an immediate decree for the arrest of the Girondist members. They at irsl refused comijliance, but were at lengtli com- I'lled to vote at the jMiint of the bayonet the ar- j t of thirty-two Girondist members, including li -^sot, Wrgniaud, Guadet, Gensonne, Petion, ai. I all the celebrated names of the iiar'y. Such was tlie fall of the Girondist.s — a nu'inorjible and righteous retriiiution for tlieir cowardly aban- donment of the king. — STri)i:NTs' Fkance, ch. 27, i: L>, p. r>(iC. 1277. COWARDICE reproved. Romnnn. [During the war of tlu' Allies the enemy] gave the Romans a good opportunity of attacking them, and they were afraid to embrace it ; afti'r both parties were retired Marius called his sol- diers together, and made tliis short speech to them : " I know not which to call the greatest cowards, the enemy or you ; for neither dare they face your backs nor you theirs." At last, pretending to be incapacitated for the service by Ids intirmities, he laid down the command. — I'l.UTAUCH. ia7«. COWARDICE, Shameful. General IMl. [The HritishJ advanced to the siege of Detroit. The Americans, in their trenches outside of thu fort, were eager for battle, and stood with lighted matches awaiting the order to tire. When tlio Rriti.sh were within live hundred yards, to tlio amazement of both armies, Hull hoisted a whit«! tlag over the fort. There was a lirief parley and a surrender, perhaps the most shameful in the Iii.story of the United States. Not oidy tii;- army in Detroit, but all the forces under Hull's com- mand, became ])ri.soners of war. The whole of Michigan territory was surrendered to the Brit- ish. At the capitulation, the American oflicers, in rage and desiiair, stamped the ground, broko their swords, and tore olf tiieir epaulets. Tlie whole country was humiliated. [Hull was court- martialed, convicted of cowardice, and senlencetl to be shot. President Madison i)ardoned him.] — RiDi'ATii's L'. S., ch. 49, p. 395. 1379. COWARDICE, Unpardonable. Germnnn. In the faith of soldiers (and such were the Ger- mans) cowardice is tlu; mo.st unpardonable of sins. A brave man was the worthy favorite of their martial deities ; the wretch who liad lost his shield was alike banished from the religious and civil assemblies of his countrymen. — Giu- uon's Rome, ch. 9. 1280. COWARDS punished. Lacedinnouinns. Such persons 'i e not only excluded all otHces, but it is infamous to intermarry with them. Any man who meets them is at liberty to strike them. They are obliged to ajjpear in a i )rlorn manner, and in a vile habit, with iiatch;.' of divers colors ; and to wear their beards half shaved and half unshaved. — Plutahcu. 12§1. CREDULITY of Philosophers. Seven. Seven friends and jibilosophers, Diogenes and llermias, Eulalius and Pri.scian, Damascius, Isi- dore, and Simi)licius, who dissented from Mie religion of their sovereign, embraced the resolu- tion of seeking in a foreign land the freedom which was denied in their native country. They had heard, and they credulously believed, that the republic of Plato was realized in the des]iot- ic government of Persia, and that a patriot king reigned over the happiest and most virtuous of nations. They were soon a.stonished by the nat- ural discovery, that Persia resembled the other ciiuntries of the globe; that Chosroes, who af- fected thenameof ajihilosoplier, was vain, cruel, and ambitious ; that bigotry and a spirit of in- tolerance prevailed among the Magi ; that the nobles were haughty, the courtiers servile, and the magistrates unjust; that the giiilty soine- tiincs esca[)ed, and that the innocent were often ojipressed. Tin; disap])ointment of the plii- !oso])liers ])rovoked them to overlook ilic real virtues of tin; Persia:is ; and they were scandal- ized, more dceiily jierliaps than became their lirofession, with the ])]urality of wives and con- c'ubines, the incestuous marriages, and the cus- tom of exposing dead bodies to the dogs and vult- ures, instead of hiding them in the earth, or consuming them with tire. Their repentance waa expres.sed by a precipitate return, and they loud- ly declared that they had rather die on lue bor- i T5-t CRP:r)ULITY— CRIME. If 11? (lers of tlio onipiio tlmn onjoy the wealth iiixl fuvcr of the biirliiiriiui. — Qiuuon'h Komk, eh. 40. lasa. CEEDULITY, Religloui. Pruntrmft. [The l)lo()(l wJiich Mowed (hiriiif; the agony of our Lord was pretended to he exhibited accord- ing to tlie price paiil for tlie sigiit. I^atiiner de- clared it to bo (ilariflcd honey, colored with saf- fron.) There was in the priory of Cardigan an imago of the Virgin, with a tajuT in tier hand, which was found standing on the river Tyne, witli the taj)er always burning ; but being car- ried into Clirist's Church, in CJardigan, the iinagt? would not stay there, but was found tliretiorfour times in the place where now is l)uildcd the Church of our Lady, and the tajM-r burning in her hand, which continued still burning for the space of nine years without wasting, until the time that one foreswaro himself tliereon, and then it extincted and never burned thereafter. . . . There was an image at IJangor worth lo the friars 20 marks by the year in corn, cat- tle and cheese, and money. . , . The famous rood of Hoxley, of which the figure could move its threatening eyes, twitch liis nostrils, throw back lus head, or nod approbation, is elevated on n scaffold, and goes through the performance at which past generations had wondered and trem- bled . . . The imposture is proclaimed from tlie pulpit . . . the machinery is disclosed and consiimed to the tiames. — IvMCiiir's Exo., vol. 2, ch. 2^), p. 40!). laiS. CREDULITY of the Sick. iMrdAudlcy. The belief in empirical remedies was not con- lined to the humble classes. Lord Audley, in 15.53, .sends to Cecil, who was .seriously ill, reci- pes for two medicines which bo had proved up- on himself and his wife. One of these is founded on the healing virtues of a sow j)ig nine days old, distilled with many herbs and spices. The other is more ample : 'Item. Take a . . . hedgehog, and quartor him in pieces, and put the .said beast in a still with these ingredients : item, a (piart of red wine, a pint of rose-water, a quart of sugar, cinnamon and groat raisins, one datc.t wel ve nope" [turnips], — Kniuut's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 498. 12§4. CREDULITY, Superstitious, liomani*. The nations and the sects of the Roman world admitted, with equal credulity and similar ab- horrence, tlie reality of that infernal art which was able to control the eternal order of the plan- ets and the voluntary operations of the human mind. They dreaded the mysterious power of spells an(i ini'antations, of potent herbs, and ex- ecrable rites, which could extinguish or recall life, inflame the passions of the .soul, blast the works of creation, and extort from the reluctant demons the secrets (jf futurity. They l)elievetl, with the wildest inconsistency^ that the preter- natural dominion of the air, of earth, and of hell was exerci.sed, from the vilest motives of malice or gain, by .some wrinkled hags and itinerant sorcerers, who pa.ssed their obscure lives in pen- ury and contempt. The arts of magic wore equal- ly condemned by the public opinion and by the laws of Rome ; but as they tended to gratify tlie most imperious pa.ssions of the heart of man, they were continually proscribed and continual- ly practised. An imaginary cause is capable of producing the most serious and mischievous ef- fects. The dark predictions of the death of an emperor, or the success of a conspiracy, were calculated only to stimulate the hopes of ambi- tion and to dissolv(! the tics of fidelity ; and Iho intentional guilt of magic was aggravated Jiy tho actual crimes of trea.son and sacrilege. 8uch vain terrors disturbed the i)ea('o of .society and tho hapiiinessof individuals ; and the harmless flame which in.sen.sil)ly melted a waxen image might derive a powerful and pernicious energy from the afTrighted fancy of the pcr.s(m whimi it was maliciously' designed to represent. From the in- fusion of those lierbs which were supposed to pos.sess a supernatural influence, it was an ea.sy step to the use of more substantial poison ; and the foil}' of mankind .sometimes became the in- strument and the mask of the most atrocious crimes. — Guujon's Ro.me, cli. 25, p. .5;J(J. 12§5. Pcrm'fnin. r.Vrlaxerxes summoned a great council of tlie Magi, which was reduced by selection from eighty thousand to seven.] One of these, Erdavirapli, a young but lioly iirelale, received from the hands of his lirethrcn three cups of .soporiferous wine, lie drank them off, and instantly fell into a long and profound sleeji. As soon as he waked, he relat- ed to the king and to the believing multitude Ids journey to heaven and his intimate conferences with tho Deit}'. Every doubt was silenced by this supernatural evidence ; and the articles of the faith of Zoroa.sfer were fixed with ecjual authority and i)recision. — Gihhon'sRomk, ch. 8. 12§6. CRIME, Epidemic of. EiKjhind. There was a gorul deal of alaiin in the autumn of 1093 from the daring crimes that sometimes .seem epi- demic in a nation. Hence a proclamation again,st highwaj'inen was Lssuod. Gangs of banditti robbed mails and stage-coaches even in the day- time. . . . Rurglars were almost as bold and numerous as footpads and higliwaymen. [Thero had been four years of war with James II. and Louis XIV.]— Kmgut's Enu., vol. 5, ch. 10, p. 155. 12§7. CRIME, Evidence of. Cirnnmttantinl. [Burning of Rome by Nero.] Whetlier lie was really guilty or not of having ordered that im- mense conflagration, it is certain that he was .sus- pected of it by his contemporaries, and lias been charged with it by many historians of his country. It is certain, also, tbat his head had been full for years of the image of flaming cities ; that ho used to say that Priam was to bo congratulated on having seen the ruin of Troy ; tliatho was never able to resist Iho fixed idea of a crime ; that tho year following he gave a ])ublic recitation of a poem called 'Troica," from tho orchestra of the theatre, and that this was only the liurning of Rome under a thin disguise ; and that just before his tiight he meditated setting fire to Rome once more. It was rumored that when some one had fold him how Gains used to quote the plira.se of Euripides — " AVlieii I am dead, sink the whole earth in flames I" he replied, " Xay, Init while I live !" Ho was accused of the ambition of destroying Rome, that he might repla-e its tortuous and narrow lanes with broad, regular .streets and uniforra Hellenic editices, and so have an excuse for changing its name from Rome to Neropolis. It was believed tliat in his morbid appetite for new sensations he was quite capable of devising a CRIME— CRIMINALS. 155 tnily iirtistic Kpcctiiclo which would tlirill his jrtdt'd ii'Ntlictici.sin, and supply Inm with vivid inmgiiry fortlic viipid iintitlicsl'sof IdHitocmH. It ■was Itotli believed and recorded tliat (luring liie terrors of tiie ivctual H|)eclac]elie liadcliiuhed tiie Tower of Ma'ceiias, liad exjjressed ids deliglital Avliat lie called " tlie llower and loveliness of Ww Humes," and in Ids scenic dress liad suni^ on his own i)rivat(? stag(( the " Cai)tiu'e of Ilium." — Fauuak's Eaki.y Days, ]). 'M. 13MS. CBIHE, Expiation of. />' x r n i n i,ih>,i. The liou.sc f)f the Carmelite Friars . . . had, before the Heformation, been a sanctuary for criminals, and still retained the privilege of proteetinsjj ,„ir,n. Pym was dead, iiampden was dead. Cromwell, as he looked along its benches, would notice mauy a place vacated where once sal some strong friend of order and of freedom. It had .so shrunk- en from honor that it had come to b(> called " the Ilump. " . . . On tlie 20th of Ajiri!, 1«53, while Cromwell was (piietly sitting in Ids own '"lodgings" in Whitehall, there was brought to him a message, that at that very moinent ii bill was being hurried through the itouse, by which this most comely piece of government was re- solving its own indefectible perpi'liiity, and thus attempting a great act of usurpation. Let the reader, therefore, distinctly understand that It was the u.surpation of ca])ability agiunst incapa- bility ; tli(! IIou.se must be checkmated. Crom- well, therefore, immediately gathered liis ofHcera round him and walked down to tlu? a.ssembly [and turned it into the street]. — Hoou'b Cuom- WKi.i., ch. 14, J). 17(5. 1304. CRITIC at Church, The. hml Georrje Siickrille UrriiKiiii. [.Minister in charge of the American department under George IIL, a.d. 1775.] Apparelled on Sunday morning in gala, as if for the drawing-room, lie constantly marched out all his household to the parish church, where he would mark time for the sing- ing gallery, chide a rustic chorister for ii dis- cord, stand u]) during the .seri.ion to survey the congregation or overawe the idle, and with un- moved sin(erity gesticulate approbation to the preacher, whom he .sometimes cheered on by name. . . . This friendless man . . . could plan . . . how to lay America in ashes. — B.vncuoft's U. S., vol. 8, ch. 51. 1305. CRITICISM, Aroused by. h»-(l Byron. The Kdinhiinih Rcricir ai)peared which con- tained the celebrated article that stung the poet so cruelly. " The ])oesy of this young lord," began the reviewer, " belongs to the class which neither gods nor men are .said to iH'rniit. . . . His effusions are spread over a dead flat, and can no more- get above or below the level than if they were .so much stagnant water." Anil so on for three bant(>ring ])ages, interspersed Avith specimens of the noble " minor's" stanzas. This slinging satire, which would have crushed some young writers of versis, fixed I.,ord Hyron in the career of letters. — Cvci.oi'KUi.v of Bioo., p. 294. 130«. CRITICISM, Directed. Alribindes. Al- eibiades had a dog of unconiniou size and beau- ty, which cost him 70 miiiiv, and yet his tjiil, which was his iirinciiial ornament, he cansecl to be cut olT. Some of his accpiaintance found great fault with his acting so .strangely, and told liim tliat all Athens rung with the s'tory of his foolish treatment of the dog ; at which he laughed and said, " This is the very thing I wanted ; for I would have the Athenians talk of this, lest they CKITK "ISM— CROSS. 157 nliduld find Hoinctliinjj woi-hc to sny of inc." — PiaiT.MU'H's Al.CIIlIADKS. 130r. CEITICI8M feared. M'ilHinu Coirprr. Tlicrc! was II trciiiMiii;; (•oiiHultatioM as to tliccx- ju'diciicy of liriii;,nii^ tlio volmiic [of si(tircs| un- der the notice of .Folinson. " One of his jiointcd sarcasms, if he should iiap]ien to lie displeased, ■\\didd soon find its way into all companies, and spoil th supixtrted a crown of ^^old, which en- closed the mysterious nioninj^ram, at oncoe.vpress- ive of the li^nirc of the cross and the initial let- ters of the name of Christ. The safely of the laharum was intrusted to lifty f^uards of ip- proved valor and fiih'lity ; tlieir station was marked hy honors and emoluments ; and some fortunate accidents soon introdticed an o|)iiuon, that as long as tlio .guards of tho labarum were en/^a.iicd in the execution of tlieir oHice tliey were secure and iiivulneriible iiinid the darts of tlie enemy. In the second civil war Licinius felt and dreaded the jwwx'r of this consecrated banner, the sii^lit of which, in the distress of bat- tle, animated the .soldiers of Conatantine with an invincibU' enthusiasm, and scattered terror and dismay tlironj^h the ranks of the adverse legions. — GiHiioNs Komi:, cli. 18. 1319. CROSS recovered, The. JMic. In the recovery of the standards and prisoners which had fallen into the hands of the Persians . . . the sub.jects and brethren of lleraclius were re- deemed from jiersecution, slavery, and exile ; but, insti'ad of the Roman eagles, tho true wood of the holy cross was restored to the imiiortunate demands of tho successor of ("oiistanthie. . . . lleraclius jierformed in ])erson tiio pilgrimage of Jerusalem, the identity of the relic was veritied by till' discreet i)atriarch. and this august cere- mony has been commemorated by the annual festival of the exaltation of the cro.ss. ]}efore the cmju'ror iiresunied to tread the consecrated ground he was instructed to stri]) himself of the diadem and purple, the pomp and vanity of the world. — (Jihijon's IfoMi.;. ch. 47. 1320. CROSS, Victory by the. ('oiiKtauthic. [Em])eror of Rome.) In one of the marches of Constantino he is rcportt'd to have scon with his own eyes the luminous trophy of the cross, placed above the meridian sun, and inscrilH'd ■with the following words : By this conqueh. This amazing object la tho sky astonished the ■whole army, as well as the emperor himself, who was yet undetermined in the choice of a religion ; but Ids astonishment was converted Into faith liy the vision of IIk' ensuing night. Christ ajipeared before his eyes, and, displaying \\w same celes- tial sign of the cross, lie directed Constanline to frame a similar standard, and to march, witli an assurance of victory, against Maxenlius and all his eiicinics.— (iiniio.SH RoMi:, ( h. iil). i;WI. CROWN, Compoiite. j\V//Ww;t /. On the 'itlih of ,May|l«(»"i| lhc|second| coronation of Naitoleon took place in tiic Cathedral of Mi- lan, rile iron crown of Charlemagne, wliicii is I acir'lel of gold and gems covering an iron ring, formed of one of the spikes x(ii. ISWi. CROWN declined, ('nnninll. They both refused the crown : Cromwell in the coun- cil chamlier, Washington in the camp. . . . Wash- ington rose amid the acclaniations and love of the L'nilcd Stales; Cromwell knew thai ho only leashed and held in check the gorgons, hydras, and chimeras of perseculioii, despotism, luid tyranny. Washington beheld all conllicting in- terests comltining into one liai)py, ])rosperoiis n;i- tionalily ; Cromwell stood strong, holding tho balanci's and .scales of toleration and .jiistico be- tween a hundred sects, all prepared to tly at e-- ;h other's throats, and every one of which hu 'd him because ho was strong. . . . Cromwell was, as has been most truly said, the greatest human force ever directed to a moral purpose, and he seems to look across the ocean and even an- ticiimte Washington. — Hood's CuoMWKMi, ch. 14, 1). 184. 1333. . ('(vmr. Tlie Senate, mcdi- tatiup on the insult which they had received, concluded that Ca'Si;r might bo teni])ted, ami that if they could bring him to consent hewouhl lose th(! iK'ople's lieart.i. They had already made him Dictator for life ; ilioy \')led next that ho really should be king, and, not I'ormaily porha]is, but tentatively, they olTered him the crown, lie was sounded as to whether he would accept it. lie understood the snare, and refused. "\Vhat was to be done next '/ lie would .soon be gone to llie East. Rome and its hollow adulations would lie behind him, and their oiio opportunity would be gone also. They employed some one to placoadia,. CRUELTY, Bloodless. Mirhul r.iliFoh- f/im. [He was tin; usurper of Constantinople.] By fetir or conscience j'lda'ologus was restrain- ed from (li]ipiiig his hands in innocent and royal blood ; but the anxiety of a u.surpor and a parent urg(;d lilm to secure his throne l)y one of those im- perfect crimes so familiar to the modern Greeks. The loss of sight incapacitated the young prince 100 cuiKi/rv for ilic (U'llvc IhimIucm iif till* worltl ; luMtciul of llio liriiliil vlolciicn of tciirin;; out. liU cycM, the vlmiiil iirTVc WHS dcHlrnvcd l>y llic iiitcnMr ^luic of II rcd-liot liiisln, anil.fniiii l,ii.M(arl>* wuMi-cmos- rd ((» iidiMtiiiit ciimIIc, wIici-c licHprnl nmiiyvciirs III privacy and olillvioii. — (Jiiuiun'm 1{o.m'k" cli. (Vi. I :|:I4>. CRUELTY, Catholic. In/.nu/. "In fad," wrilcH Mi'ilc d'Aiilpi;;ii<', " llic Callioliis liuriicd the lioiiHcs of 111!' I'rolcslanl.t, liirnnl llit'iii out. iiaki'd in tli<' niidstc.f winli r, and drovi^ tlicni, like licrli.s ol Nwinc, iM'ton? tlicm. If, a.Hlianicd of tlicir nudity, and dcsirou-tof sickiii^r shelter from the rij,'oi' of a rcniiirkalily Hcverc wa- Non, liicsc unhappy wii'Iclirs took rcfiif^c In a liarn, and conccidcd thcin.sclvcs under the straw, lh(.' rcliclsiii'.iaiilly set fin- to it and hurncd IIk-im alive. At other times they were led without eiothin;; to he drowned in rivers ; and if, on the roml, they did not nioveciuiek enoii;;h, they were ur^'ed forward at the point of the pike. When thev reached the river or the sea they were ]>i'e- eipitaled into it, in hands of severaf hundreds, which is ilouhtless an ex.iiriri'ration. If these ])oor wretches arose to the surface of the water, men were si .lioned alon;^ the lirink to idiin;,'!! theminapdii with tliel)uttsof i heir muskets, or to tiro al and kill thein. IIusl>ands were cut to ])le('es in the presenct^ of their wives ; wives and vlr^nn.s were ahused in tlu; h\^\iI of their nearest reliitlons ; and lid'anis of seven or eiirht vears ■wens hunf^hefoH! the eyesof theiri)areiits. Nay, the Irish even went, so far as to teach their own children to strip and kill the children of the lOnjf- lish, and da li out their brains a;j;ainst the stones. Numbers of Protestants weru buried alive, a many as se\'enly In one tren<'h. An Irish priest, naimMlMafOdcfrlian, cai)(iiro(l forty or tJfty Vn t- cstimts, and persuaded them to abjiinf their rr- li^jion on a promise of (piarter. After their idi juration he asked them if the}' believed iliat (-'hrist wius bodily jiresenl, in the Host, and that the pope was head of th(! Church V and on their replying in the attlrmative, hesaid : ' Now, then, yonari! in a very ^ood faitli I' and, for fear they should relap.sc inl" Iieresy, he cut all their tliroat.s." — lIoon'sCwoMWKi.i., eh. 11, p. 141. litftr. CRUELTY to Children. 'J'inio'n: [Ti- mour the Tartar was a terrible destroyer of hu- man life.] A (ireek cilyoii the coast of P^phesus liavinff Rent to meet him and implore his pity a multitude of children of both se.ves, who sum; his i)nii.se.s and recited verses of the Koran to tiatter his rclitrion : " What is that blcatint!: of sheep that annoys my ears V" said he to his emirs, " It is the children of the city scut l»y (heir par- <'nts to meet your horse to inii)lore you to spare their fathers and iiiotliers. " " Let the horses "f the Tartars crush them all beneath their feel I' cried Timour. Tlu; < avalry of the van;^uard rushecl at the word iijioii those; iimocenis, and thousands of the liodies of ii\utilate(l children traced the route of Tinunir. T'le habit of spillini; blood had ended ■wiih jriviim- Timour that last dcf:reo of military brutality — an indiirerenee to blood. — L.\M.\HTiN'K's Tl lUiKY, p. ;3.)8. 133§. CRUELTY of Civilization. Amfrirnn IruUans. We call them cruel ; yrl they never invented the thumbscrew, or the t)oot, or tin; rack, or broke on the wheel, or exiled bands of their nations for opinion's sake ; and ncxrr jiro- leeled the lii'itKipoly of ii mcilleln(! iii.in by 'ho jrallows. or the iilolk, or by lire. — II vscuoKr'K lliHr., IS., vol. ;t, .h. -J-,'.' i:|:it». CRUELTY to Crlminali. Ki^jhnul. \\n b'):il] it was eiiacled that poisoidni; sliniild Ixt deemed hii;h trea.Hon. vNJthout havin:; ;iii\ advan- tage of c|i 11,'y, and llint , . . all future prisoners should be boiled to death. . . . We have the fol- lowln;; undoubted rei old tinder the thh'ccnth .\ear of llciiry (V'lll.l ; "This year wa^* niiiii sodden in a cauldron In Sinithtleld : and let up and down divers times till he wasiliiid, for be cause lie would ha\e poisoned divers ix'rsons. ' " This year I ir(;t2| was u cook boiled in ii caul- dron In Smllhtleld, Im- he would \\\\\v polsoiieij the nishop of Koclh 'er, I''isher, with diveisof his servants ; and he v :is locked in a chain and pulli'd up and down willi a^dbhel at divers limes till he was dead." — KMtiiir'M Eno., V(jI. !2, eh. 'Jl. p. :M(». i:riO. CRUELTY for Cruelty. .V-//;,n- 17*- pi'i-H. The popi! armed in support of his va.s.sal Charles of Ai.joii. An eiiL'Mj-emeiil ensued, in which Conradin and \\w Duke of Austria wens totally defeated — they were taken prisoners and condenuied as rebels against the sujireme author- ity of the holy* liureli ; Charles ordered them to sutTer death up<.n a scalTold. Thus this prlneii .secured his claim to the klnpdom of N iples and Sicily by a deed which filled his r u subjects with" horror. They submitted, for u w liile, with sileiil indi'iiatioii If) his tyrannical pivenimont. The Sicilians at length, to w bom the authority of this usurper became every dav more intoler- Mo, formed ii conspiracy to vindicate tluMr lib- ly which terminated in one of the m.isl dread- ;ul massacres ever known in history. In tho year 12^2, upon Easter Sunday, at the viinjinij of the luilfoi'VCKjH'rs, it was irsolved to put to death every I'Venchman throiiiih the whi.le island of Siiily, and the resolution was ])iuietually e.\ee\it- ed. Even women and infants umlerwent the general fiiti; ; and such was the savagt; fury of tho Sicilians, that the priests assistwl in the murder of their brethri'ii, and cut the throats e\. n of their female penitents. — Tvf i.iiii's Ills p.. Hook 0, ch. 11. I:MI. CRUELTY, Enjoyment of. nn UumnnH. The IJructeii (it is Tacitus who leAv syeaks) were totally exterminated l)y the neighboring tribes, provoked by their insolence, allured by the hopes of spoil, and pi'rhaps inspired by the tutelar deiti(>s of the emiiin!. Abo\e (iO.OOt) bar- • barians were destroyed ; not by the Homan arms, but in our sight, and for our entirtainment. May the nations, enemies of K<.me, ever i)ri'.serve this eiiiiuty to each otlii r. "VVe h.ive now at- tained the utmost verge of pros|)erii and have nothing left to di'inand of fortune, < \cept the discord of the barbarians. — (iuuioNs iJo.Mi;, < h. 1«.|«. CRUELTY, Exquisite. Ji.iKl'. [In the beginning of the eleventh century the second IJiisil came to the throne.) His cruelty inllicted a cool and exquisite vengeance '>n IT), (JIM) [IJulga- riaii] captives who had been uilty of the de- fence of their country. They \. I le (Icjirived of sight; but to one of each hundred a single eye was left, that he might conduct, his blind centu- ry to the presence of their king. Their king is s'liil to ha\'e cN'iired ef gyjef and hnrrer; the CIUKLTV i(;i nut/'^n wiiM liwi'd In lliis ii trihliM'Xm i|>li. — Cliii iiiiN 1 |{(i\u,, ell. ."(,") i:ii:i. CaUELTY, Femitle. Cmi Htn ii (i n ,i. < 'oiiHtaiitiiia, llir wife (il ■■ illu<. ti Uoiniin ruler, is (icsci'ilMMl, not IIS II w III, but as OIIC of ilic liifi'niiil turifs torinciucil . itii an jnsntialc tliirst of liiiiiiiiii l)looil. Iiistcaii "!' <'iii|il'>,vin!; liiT iii- liui'iicf III jiisiiiiiul*' (lie iiilM ('oun,s('ls(it' |)ruil< tici; uikI liiimaiu'y, sIic ' Mispcratcd the llrrcf puss iiis of licr iiushiiiiil ; and as she ritiiihcil llii< vanity, tll(iuu:ll •'111 IwkI ri'liouiiccil the ^Ttillcncss, ol licr M'x. a |>rail iiicklact' was csiccnifil an ri|uival> nl pi'ii'r I'lir llic iiiunliT of an iniioci'til, anil virtuous nolili'inan. — (tiitiioNH Uomk, cIi. lit. |;i,||. . Thioilorn. "rill' wife of II, Uoinii; i.tii|ii'ror .lulian. | Tlif r< pi< >a('li of rruil ly, >io npiiirniirit even to licr softer vIcch, has left an inililihlc Httiin on llii! iiifinory of 'rin'o- (lora. Her numerous s|)|isol>scrvc(l, anil zt alously rcportcil, every iHtion or word or Inok injuri- ous to tlieir royal niislress. Wlimnsoever tliey aeeiised were east, into her peculiar prisons, in- aecessilile to the ini|uiries of justice ; and it was rumored that IIk; torture of the rack, orsconrice, had In-cii inllieted in the presence of the liinale tyrant, ins<'nsilile to the voice of prayer or of jiity. SoiiK? of these imhappy victims perished ill deep, unwholesonu! dunjreons, while others were permitted, after the loss of their limhs, their reason, or their fortunes, to appear in the world, the livinj? monuments of her vi'iiKcance, ■which was cinimonly extended to the children of those whom she had .suspected or injured. The senator or liishop, whose death or e.vile Theodora had pronounced, \>as dcdivered to a trusty messen;(er, and his dili;;eiice was ipdck- ciu'd liv 11 ineniice from her own mouth. "If you fail in the execution of my commands, I swear liy Him who liveth fon^ver, that your skin .shall lie Hayed from your body." — (iIuhon's IJo.Mic. (h. 41. I a.lS. CRUELTY of Government, linn,, VflL IAt the linii' ol the .second ri'bellion, in ITiHT, lenrv wrote to his minister :| Our iileiusun is, that iitfore you .shall clo.se up our .said baiim i a,i;ain, you shall, in any wise, cause such dread fill exe( iition to lie dont! upon a li'ood number of the inhabitants of every town, villaire and ham- let, that li.ave otTiindcd in this rebellion, as well by the haiiiring them Uliin trees, as by the (piar teriii;;of them, and th(! scltini,'iif I heir heads and ((uarters in every town, i^reat and small, and in nil such other places, as they may be a fearful spec'tacle to all others hereafter that would pract- ti.se any like matter; which \\v rciiuire you to do wiihoiii pity or rcspi'cl. — K.muut's E.no., vol. 2. ch. •?-), p. 4lt3. |;M0. . John lluiranJ. He was led to visit the hulk.s unchorcd in the Thames, wherein were coiitined lar;;-e numbers of coiu ids awaitinu: triinsiiortation. He told members of the >.fo\i'rnmcnt what he saw there. ... He went below, where he found larfjo numbers of sick men Ivinij on the Uoor, with not so much as >-traw unile ■ them, to whom were given only the loathsome aiwl poi.sonous provisions which liad cau.seii tlu'ir sickness. Ho was not surprised to learn that one third of the convict.s die be- fore leaving the country to beciin, the fultilment of their sent(>nce ; and he told the government that, unless the s\stem were changed, there vvoiihl Ih' Jio need of tranxportiiiif priKonerM U) llotany Uiiy, for they would all die in tlm ThanieH. (t was ii hoiiM iiggruvitlioii of IIiIh iii- fenial ( nielty tliat the joiii; detention on iMxird ! thos»>hulkH "froiii four toeiudit inonihs -did not t expunge Ii ;}. I I air. TRUELTY, An inherited. Srr<>. He appeared in public a W ise and amiable prince ; >et lit tilts very time it was Ids favorite itinuse- Micnt to range throiiuii the Mireets if Konie with 1 a build of yoliny debauchees, \ ho itldillu:ed I tli( luselves in every species of ouiriu'eand ills order. Mi* natural disposition tjrsi piiblicly- -howed itself in an indolent h trlect of all tho I 111 ^ of government ; and his moiher. A|:rijipl- I na, took advantage ol this di-positimi by ruling I everylhiiiLr w- si |. chose Seiida wanu d his |iu- pil of the dangiT of allowing frei 'our.se to tlio I view s(d' Ibis ambit ions am I uiiprim ipled w Lord I and thy judg- ments arc righteous." And such, in the last mo- meiil . was ids rigid tittachmeiu lo truth and jus- tice, ihat he revealed to tie soldiers the jiious falsehood of a nurse who iircsented her own child in the place of a ro\,il inf.mt. — (iiiiiioNs IJoMi-,, j ch. 4fi. I I;MJ». CFUELTY, Loveof. >.,/thi rftuliutnl on our own. Hut IIk'mi cuiisiilrrutlonM of lio|ii' and ffur iiri! uIiiiomI iiiikiiowii in tint niiMtoritl Htulr of imliiinM. . . . Aftrr lliit Md^iiIn hail nuImIiic-iI till' iiortlicrn pniviiiccsof China, it wjim McrloiiMly iiro|)o.>ti>;ii. — (liii- iioNH Komi;, ch. itt. I. 'MO. CRUELTY, Maternal. Si„nl,iii. Crii- city, too, a (|iiiiliiy cxlrciiidv opposite to heroic virtue, WHS a stroiij; iiinredieiil in tlie Spartan KVHteiiiof niannei's. i'aleriial or inaternal tin ilerness Heenieil perfectly iinliiiown aiiiontr this ferocious people. Newltoril cliilill'en were piili licly iiiMpected liy tlie elders of eacli irilie ; and HUcli as promised to lie of a weak and delicate constitution were iininediately put to death liy drowning'. At tin- festival of Diana cliildreii were scourired, Noinetimes even to death, in tlie ]ires(i|i(e of their mothers, who exiiorled tlieiii, iiieantiine, tosulTer every e.xtreniity of pain with- out complaint or iniirmiir. It is no wonder lliat Hiieli mothers .hIiouIiI receive, without einolion, tin; intelli^reiice of tlie death of a son in the tleld of battle ; hut is it |)ossilile to lielievc that on mich occasions they should so farcon(|Uer nature lis lo express a transport of joy V What jiidj;- nient must wi; form of tlie Spartan notions of ■jiatrioiii virtue, wlieii, lo love their country, it was thoii^dit necessary to subdue and extini,'iiish the stroiiifest feelinifs of hiiiiianity, the tirst in- stinct of nature V — 'i'vri.iMi's Ihsr., Hook 1, ch. \). 1:I5I. CRUELTY, Merciless, the battle ot Auslerlity | tin , ch.'l. |:|A:|. CRUELTY, Nktural. S,imu,lJ„ht>i>i>n. .riiii.ssoN : " I'jiy is not iMitiiriil Ionian. Cliil- dreii lire always cruet. .Savajfcsare alwavs cruel. I'ity isMciiiiired and iinprovi'd by the cultivalioii of reason. NVeiiiuv have uneasy sensations from seeiiiic 'I creature III dislreHS, williollt pity ; for we have not pity unless we wish to relieve Ihem. When I am I' I my way lo iliiie witli a friend, and, lliidim; it lute, liave bid the coiiihiiian iiiakii liasie, if I bM|v|ien to attend when he whips IiIm horses, I niav lei I unpleasantly thai the animals are put lo paiii, but 1 do not wisli him to desist. No, sir, I wish him to drive on." — H'»hwki,i,'k .lollNSO.N, p. 121. l:i>1l. CRUELTY a Faiilon. ('■>iiniio,hiM. Tho Kmperor Coiiiinodiis was not, as he has been represented, a ti^'cr born willi iin insatiate thirst of liiiman blood, and capable, from his infancy, of the most inhuman actions. Nature had formeil him of a weak rather than a wicked disposition. Ills simplicity and timidity rendered him thn slave of his atteiidiiiits, who j,'radiially corrupted his mind, His en 'Ity, wliicli at (list obeyed tho dictates of others, degenerated into habit, and at leiiirth became the ruling; piission of his soul. [Ho was made ruler of Homo .\.|). IMO. |— tJiiiuo.N'H ItoMh, ch. 4. l;iA5. CRUELTY, Pleasure in. \ rurins Qin'n- tins h'liiidiiiiiiiiK] had a favorite boy whom he car- ried with him, even when he commanded armies and ptverned |)rovinces. One day as they wero drinkiiiir, the boy, niakinir his court to Lucius, said : " I love you .so tenderly, that, lueferrinj? your satisfaction to my own, I lef' a show of LTladiators to come lo you, tlioii;j;li I have never seen a m.in killed." Lucius, deliuhted with tho Ihittcry. made answer : " If that be all you need not be in the least uneasy, for I shall soon siilis- fy your lonn'inj,'." He iininediately ordered ii convict to be brought from the prison, and hav- ing sent for (uie of his lictors, commanded him to strike oir the man's head in the room wliero the^'wereciiroiisinir. — Pi.r'r.\Hcii'sFi,.\.MiNiNL'8. 135«. CRUELTY to Prisoners. lU.nk- llolr. [In IT")!) Surajah Dowlali, the nabob of IJeniral, at- tacked the Hritish factory at Calcutta. After two daj's' hombardment tlie i'orl surrendered, havin;^ \\\v jiromi.se Hint their lives would be spared.] There were one hundred and forty-tive men and one woman of this devoted comiiany. They were to be secured for the iiiyht in the (lun;reoii of the fort. Into that den eijrhteen feet by four- teen, w itii two small windows, wen; these ono hundred and forty-six adults forced by the fero- cious ;;uard that the tyrant had .set over them ; and the door was closed. Of that nifrht of hor- ror, the relation (vw living — tlicH<> ar(! li<< fury of liisNiiltJccIs, AiidroiiicuH, tlic Uonnin t'luporor unit lyriiiit,] wiih druxK*'*! '<> Hi*' priM i'iu-;ion, on tlie Friday after tiie Ah sumption of the MlcNsed Virgin Mary ordered tweiilv seven hundred of the Purkish hoNtiiLCes to be led fortii from the city and hanj^ed. Tho soldiers marehrd forth with deli^dit to fulMl his coinmands. — K.MoiiTs K.No,, vol. 1, eh. iJl, p. 'M'i. 1301. ORUILTT, Btmorie from. Cl-itmrf. (One of the earlv kings of Krunce wasi embli- tered by a rebellfon stirred up by one of Ids own sons, whom heat leiiu'th took prisoner, and con- demned, together with his wife and daughters, (o be burned alive. This horrible tragedy look jilace ill .'ifXt, and the wretched Clotaire expired precisely a year afterward, a prey to (he deepest remorse".— STfDK.NTs' Fu.v.Nt K, eh. 4, ^ 'i. I'MVi. CRUELTY, Royal, CouHt.intinr V. His reign was a long butchery of whatever was most noble or holy or innocent in his empire, lit person the emperor assisled at the execution of his victims, surveyed Mieir agonies, listened to their groans, and indulged, wi'lioiit satiating, his appetite for blood ; a plale of noses was ac- cepted as a grateful otferiiig, and his domestic.* were often seourgi'd or mulihiled by the royal hand, (iiihion'm Uomk, ch. IM. I :i«:i. CRUELTY, Sectarian, (/mk r/nnr/i. During the reign (of .Manuel (and that of liissiu;' eessor, Alexius, they (the l{oiiians[ were exposed at Conslanlinoiile to tlu! reproach of foreigners, heretics, and favorites ; and this triple guilt was .severely expiated in the tumult whicli announc- ed the return and elevation of Anastiine. Thev went I'ortli to Ihe Ih'ld to hunt them like ivil(l h-'asts ; and when at any time it was ai)i)re- lieiided lliid tho>e uidiapjjy wretches had he- cc/ine so numerous as to eii(iaii;;er the Stale, the rvjipiiit, or v/Y'/v/ (ifi — viz., a ^a-neral massacre in the niii'lil— was ordained hy law. — 'rvri.i.it's IIisT., H(.ok 1, ch. !). 1 !Ji)or wretches were marked out for slaves in their dress, tlieir gesture, and, in short, in everythinir. They wore doeskin lionnet.s and .siu'ei)skin vests ; tliey Were forbidden to Ici'M' any litieral art, or to perform any act worthy of their mas- ters. Once a day they received a certain num- ber of siriix's, 'for i'ear they .shoidd forijret ihey were slaves ; and, to crown all, they were liable to this cri/jdiii, which was sure lo be executed on all su( has spoke, looked, or walkecl like freemen ; a cruel and luuiece.ssary e.xpedi- «'nt, and unworthy of a \irtuous people. — 1*i,i;t.\i{( lis liViiiuiL's. I ;i6r. CRUELTY, Tirrible. 7'/ii)o>n: [ f.eav- m<^ his main army at Dam.ascus, Timour] cross- ed the desert of fortv days' jouriicy, with a se- lect delachmeiil, anil ran to besicii'e JJaudad, a third time revilted. His venire.ance was this time unpilyinu^ The 100, (lOO T:irt;irs whom lie led lo the sieixe of Hai^dad received orders to liring him, each of them, the head of an insur- gent. All perished, from the a^-^eof eiuhl lolhat of ein'lily ycius, in Ija^^lad. Hut he once more .saved ihe men of letters, the artists, the skilled mechanics, the priests, the poets, the historians — all those who uive intelliirciice and immortality lo the human s[)ccies. — I., '.M.vu'ri.M'.'s Ti iu. CRUELTY, Undetested. h'omon. Scno- I'ir.s. In Ihe hearing of thai same Senate in .v. I). 5!), not long before St. I'aul wrote hi:-' letter to Phil- emon, ('. Cas-ius Longinus had giavely argued i that the only secui'ily for the life of masters wa.s I to jml inl '"execulidn Ihe .sanguinary Silaiiiau : law, which enacted that, if a master was imir- I dered, eveiy one of his slaves, liowever miiuer- i ous, however notoriously innocent, should be in- discriminately massacred. Jt was tlu^ .senator.s of Home who tln'onged forth to meet with adoring congratulalions the miserable youth who came to them with his hands reeking with the blood of matricide. They olVered thanksgiving;; to thi; gods for his worst cruelties, and obediently vot- ed Divine honors to Ihe dead infant, four months old, of the wife whom lie afterward killed with a brcal kick. — F.vku.su's Eaiu-V I).\Ys, p. 17. i:jrO. CRUilLTY, A Victor's. h'ommi Fni- IM-ror (IdlliciniK. There is still extant a most savage mandati; from [the Empi.'rorJ Gallienus to one of his ministers, after tlu^ suf>i)ression of Iiigenuus, who had assumed the j'uride in Illyr- icum. " It is not enough," says that .soft but inhuman ])rince, " that you exterminate such as havi^ apjieared in arms ; the chance of battle might have .served nie as elTectually. The male .sex of every age nnist lie e.xtiri)aled, pro- vidt'd that, in the execution of the chiklren and old men, you Ciin contrive means to .save our reputation. Let every one die who has dropiM'd an expression, who has entertained a thought against iik — agjiinst me, the son of \'alerian, the father and brother of so many jirinces. llemem- ber that Ingenuus was made enip<'ror ; tear, kill, hew in iiieces. I write lo yiai with my own hand, and would inspire you w illi my own feelings." — (JiiiiioN's Komi;, ch. 10. 1;J7I. CRUELTY of War. 'I'imnHV 'I'imour |llie Tart.ar] was ,satisli<'d with the sieg,' .•md de- struction of Siwas or Sebaste, a strong city o'l the borders of Anatolia ; and he rc\-enged the indiscretion of the Olloman on a garrison of 4000 Armenians, who were buried alive btr the bnive and faithful discharge of their duty. — (iiiuio.Ns Ko.Mi;, ch. 4:i. i:t72. . C'l'Mir. Anxious deliatc.s were held among Ihe lieleaguered chiefs [(Jauls in Alesia]. The faint-hearted wished to surren- der before they were starved. Others were in favor of a desi)er;ite elTort to cut their way through or die. One speech C'csar preserves for its remarkable and frightful ferocity. A CULKLTV— (1 KKS. 1G5 l)rinc(' of AiiviTf^iie said that llio Romans coii- (lucrcil to ciisliiNc and heat down t lie laws and lihcrtics of free nations iiiulcr tlic liclors' axes, and lie proposed tiiat. sooner tlian yield, liiey slionld kill and eat tliose who were useless for til;htinJ,^ Vei-einifetorix was of iiolile natni'e. To prevent the ailoplion of so horrilile an expe- dient, he ordered the iieaeefwl inhaliilanis, widi their wives i eiiildreii, t() lea\(' the town. Cii'sar forliade Ihern to ]>ass his lines, (Ynel — lait war is cruel ; and where a irarrison is lo he rediieed liy famine the laws of it are ine\oi- able. — Fuoidk's ('.KSMt. eh, 1!(. i:i7:i. CRUELTY to Woman. Clota/rr. |Hrunehawt, C^iieeii of Austrasia, fell into the hands of the K'lwj; of Neustria, whose name was| Clotaire. 1I(! overwhelmeil ln-r with a torrent of reproaches, abandoned her for three days to every kind of torture and indiu:nity, and then caused her to be fastened to the tail of ii wild horse, .so that th'j wretched (jueen's body was drair^^ed, torn, and trami)led into fra>i;menls. 'I'ln; remains were collected, and the ashes scattered to the vinds. — SriDKN'rs' Fkv\( K, eh. 4, s- 5. 1374. CRUELTY in Worship. Aiic!iiitl)r>iioveriy or weakness ; and many were repulsed by the obstacles of the way, the more insu]ierable as they were unforeseen, to these ignorant fa- natics." — Gmnoi.'s RoMi;, ch. ,')8. I'lrO. CRUSADES, Origin of. Fck-r the Ucniiit. Aboiit twenty years after the; conquest of Jeru- salem by the Turks, the holy seindchre was visited l)y a hermit by the name of Peter, a native of Amiens, in the province of Picardy in France. His resentment and sympathy were excited by liis own injuries and the oppression of the Cliris- tian name ; \w miiiL'^led his tears with ll.o.st; of liie ]>atriarch, and earnestly inipdred if n.) hopes of relief could be cnterl.ained from the (Jreek em- ])erors of the j-last. The p.atriarch exposed the vices and \v<'.Mknessof the successors of Constan- tine. •■ I will rouse," exclaimed the herndt, " the martial nations of Kuroiie in your cause ;" and I^urope was obedient to the call of the her- ndt. — (Jiiiikin'h RoMi:, ch. aS. I!177. CULTURE, Improvement by. dmiKiiii/. The clirnate of ancient (Jermany has been molli- (ieil, and tlu! soil ferlili/.eil, liy the labor of ten centuries fr(.m the time of Charlemagne. The same extent of ^n'ound which at present main- tidns, in ease and i)lenty, a ndllion of husband- men and artiticers, was unable to supjily a hun- dred thousiind lazy warriors with thesiiuple nec- essaries of lif('. — (iiiutoN'H Ito.Mi;, ( h. !». III7S. CURE, Imaginary. }f(ili(iiinii(ihiiis. On his back he hid a round, lleshy tumor of thesize of a |)igeon's eirg ; its furrowed surface was cov- '■red with hair, and its base was surrounded by black moles. 'I'his was considered as the .seal of his prophi'tic mission, at least durimj the latter jtart of his career, l)y his followers, who wen; .so devout that tliey found a cure for their ailings in driMkini!^ the watr r in which he liad bathed ; and it must, have been very refrcshini;', for lu; IH'rspired i)rofusely, and his skin exhaled a stront; smell." — Si'Ki;.N(iKn'rt I^ikk ok .Moiiam- .Mi;i), ]). H4. i:i7». CURE, Superstitious. Ktn'fx J-^ril. [Dr. Samuel b)hnson was alllicted with scrofula in his childhood, which disfigured his countenance, injurt'd his visual nerves, and destroyed the sight of one (!ye.] It ha.s been said that he contracted this grievous nialiuly from his nurse. His moth- er, ^ ielding to the su]ierstitious notion, which, it is wo-'' Tf d to think, i)revailed so long in this com iry, as tf) the virtue of the regal toucli — a notion which our kings encouraged, .and to which a man of such iiKpiiry and such jud.LCincnt as Carte ciaild give credit — carried him U\ FiOn- don, where he was a< iually toucheil by t^ueei' Anne. — HoswKi.l.'s .loiiNsoN, p. (J. i;iNO. CURES fanciful. W,akii. gucei- Anne revived tir,' ci'i'einony of touching for the king's evil, by which all Kngli'^li monarchs, from the time of Edward the Confessoi', whether saints or sinners, hail asserted the miraculous power of the wciuer of the "golden rigol." NN'illiam III. was jirofane enough not to believe in this power. William was once jiri'vailed upon to touch for the malady which kin^'^ could cure, and he said to the patient th.-il he prayed (Jod to heal him .'iiid grant him moi'e wisdom at the; same time. — Kmoiit's I^no.. vol. ."i, ch. 17, p. I ;SS I. CURES, Fraudulent, Kiii;fn Kril. An old man who w. as a witness m a case described how the good (^ueen [Anne| had touched him when a child | for the cure of the king's evil |. lie was a.sked whether he was really cured, uiion which he answered, with a signiticant smile, that he believed himself nevt'r to have hail a com- plaint that deserved to be considered as the Evil, but that his ])arents were ]ioor, and had no objection to the bit of gold —the angel of gold— with the impress of St. Michael, which was hung f t' • ; k; ■I ■! i 106 CURIOSITIES— DANGKH. I iibout the iiatictit's i.cck. — IvNidirr's Eno., vol. n, eh. 17, [). 2::l. 1 ««a. CURIOSITIES, Indifference to. drnmi/ (Ifiliil. |.Vl Nuiilcs| he (I'lnhcd to the ensile of Sun .Mai'liii, now a luiistiiiii. , . . 'I'liev spent nearly an hour in exaniinini; the emiosities, in wiiieli .Mrs. (Jrani s, enieii to take more interest than tile (Jeneial. . . . When the u'uide sho'Acd him tile jiorlrait of ihe man wiio i,''ave the colh'e- tion to Naples, iu' dryly remarked, in iMiLrlish ; " Well, if I had a museum like tlii-!, I would iiive it to Xiijiles, oranylindy who \vo,dd lake it." — Tit.\vi;i,s <)!•■ (}i;m;i!.\i. (}i(A.Nr, p. !»"). i;W:i. CURIOSITY, Destractlve. h'mpninr/,.,. [A Fytl;Mii^{)reaii| . . . who attained eonsiderahli emineiu'i in |>hysi(al seieiiee, and who is said to liave thrown himself into the crater of ]\Ioimt lOtna, either from the desire of e.xplorini; the cause of its eruptions, or of jn'opau-atinij the lie- jief that the liods had cau.u'ht him up in lieaven ; it is ii wiser tmd more charitahle sup|)osition, lliat he owed jiis death to a laudalile hut rash cu- riosity. — TYTi,i:it's Hist., Book 2, ch. !). i;j§l. CUEKENCYiu Salt, fi, Luxxiiiin . In A(hil, a country in Africa liorderim; tlie I{ed Sea, there is a lar;..''e plain, 'ailed llarko; it is covered with salt three fe(.'t thick, whicli is not onlynse^' for culinary jiurposes hut in Aliyssiida as ciu- rcncy. — A.mkhk an Cvc i.uI'KUIa, " Adai,." i;j«5. CUSTOM, Reign of. " /)w/vV/." At the bridewell, in [iiverpool, Howard f(Jiuid a siiiiru lar custom ])revailinLr. Every Aonian. on iier adnnssioii to the jail, "was hrouirlit into the bath- room clad only in a tlannt'l chi'inise, and jiiaced in a chair with her back to the balh-tid). This chair turned on a hin/re, and when the sii,qi;d wa.s ^iveii it was turned over, and lie w(Hnaii with it, who went backward into the water over head .and cars. This operation was repeated three times, when the woman was considered initiated. [.lolinj Iloward iiKpiired Avby tl ■■ men were not subjected to this ihifkin;; ; but he could only learn tiiat such was not the custom at Livcri)0()l. — (,'v(i.(H'KI)ia ok Hioo. p. 6i. l:t§6. DANCING, Cerem.inious. Indinn. Thou^di u^eneially seilale in manne'".^ and scrii is ill behavior, the He(| men at times irave tli'in- selves u|) fo merry-makiiiir and liila'ity. we dane was universal — not the social dance of ( iv ilized nations, liut tln' d.incc of ceremony, of re- liirion, and of war. Sometimes the wairiors danced alone, lait i're(|ueiilly the women joined in the wild exercise, circliim around and around, cliriiitiii!; the weird, monotonous songs of the tribes.— Hini'ATii's U. S.,cli. 1, p. -1!). l.iwr. DANCING, Delight in. Si.vt.riith re- turn. [\\\\\\ the peo|ile, hiiih and low, it was a fa\orite amusement.] I'poii die rushes of the torcli-li.irlileiif;liout the cus- toms of the aboriirinals of tlie New World. In these are typitieij, by signs well understood by the initiated, and, as it were, by hieroglyphic ac- tion, their historical events, their jirojected en- terjirises, their hunting, their ambuscades, and their liattles, resembling in some res|)ectH the Pyrrhic dances of the ancients. — H{Vi.N(/.s Co- i.i Mius, Book (i, ch. 10. 1 3ift. DANCING, Opposed to. I'nrihnis. (In 1~)!»;>] the I'uritaiis denounced all dancing in mi.xed companies of the .sexes. The dancing schools, which tli( 11 aliounded, were, they said, for teachimj; " the noble science of heathon dev- illrv." Tliey held that "men by themselves, anif women by themselves ' might dance without sin, " to re( real( the mind oppressed with some i.'-reat toil iuid labor," — K.NKiiir's Eno., vol. H, ch. Hi, p. 2.')(). IJIOO. DANGER, Contempt for. W/I!i,nu the Rid. [The son of William I., the ( 'oiKpieror.] No.niandy had been jdedged to him by hi.s broth-r liobert in exchange for a sum which enabled the '•ike to march in the first Cru.sade for the delivery of the Holy Eand, and a rebel- lion at Ee Mans was subdued by the fierce ener- gy with which William thing himself at the news of it into the first bo.a' li<' found, and cro.s.sed the Channel in face of a storm. " Kings never drown," he replied, contemiituously, to the re- monsfrjiiK'ei of his followers. — Hi.st. of Eno. Pi:()I'I.K, ; ft), 1391. DANGER, Needless. .Umivnl Xd.wii. |I/ird Nelson, the greatest of BriMsli admirals, ivore a bright unii'orm, and on the left breast of his coal were four embroidered stars, the em- b'"n>s (>f the orders with which he wa;: invested. When he was aliout to attack the French and Spanish fleets off Caiie Trafalgar,] lie was im- ])l()red to jiut on ii jilainer dress, for there wens ritle-men iimong the 4000 troojis on lioard the I reiicli and Sjianish shiiis. No; what he had won he wouhl wear. On the deck he stood, a mark for the enemy — one whose life was worth al(,i:ion. There was a carelessness about h's own safety that day which was chivalrous, how- e.er iinwise. . . . He w as sli(>t from the mizzon- top (jf the Redoubtable, which he .supposed had struck. " They iiave done for me at last," he said, "my b.ackbone is shot through." — Knkwit's ]]n(;., vol. 7, ch. 2.'), ]). 4-liS. ]S{!>2. DANGER, Unconsciousness of. Mrj/h/sfon. Once ujion a time a London exquisite descended intcj a coal mine on a voyage of ex|)loration and discovery; he s;iw everythinn- — Davy lamps, blind horses, trucks of coal rolling along siibter- ninean tnimways. Seated on ac.isk to rest him- self, he proceeded to ([uesiion the swart hj' miner, who was his conductor, coiicerning many things, and esiiecially about the operation of blasting. " And where.ibouts, niv man," condes juviingly said he-—" whereabouts do you keep your i)ow'- der V ' "Please, sir," replied the swart one, " you're a-sittin' on it !" Charles was in a worhl to him ;\11 dark and subterranean, and sitting on a ]iowder-iuine. of the existence of which he had no knowleilge. allliough it Wiis beneath his throne. — Hood's Ciuj.mwki.i,, ch. 4, p. Si). DARKNESS— DEATH. o< i:i03. DARKNESS a Convenience, ('"lumhiiit. [On his third voyiii^e in tiic West Indios,] uot- witliHtiindiiij; their superstitions I'liricies, the sea- men were ^'IikI Id use a part of tliese siiarivs for food, heing very short of provisions. Tlie iengtii of the voyage liud con^iirned the greater part of their .sea stores ; tlie hen and humidity of tlie climate and the leai^age of Hie siiips liad dam- aged tlie remainder , ;uid tlicir l)iseiiil was so till- <'(1 witii worms tiiat, notwitiistanding tlieir hun- ger, tiiey were ohliu'ed to eat in Die dark, lest tiieir stoniaelis should revolt at its a]>l)earanee. — Iiivi.Nc's (;(>!, iM[i( .-, J{of)k 14, eh 0. 139-1. DARKNESS feared. /// /lij/ In,,'. In 107!) the I.ondoners were frightened, as if it were a terrible omen, hya great darkness in I. on don on a Sunday morning, "so that the ])eo|ilc in eliureh could not ^ec to read in their I5ihles." — Kniuut's EN(i., vol. 4, ch. :.M, ji ;i41. 1395. D.« YS, Inauspicious. ]U,i,-k l)„,j. As Lueullus was going to pass the riv( r to light 'I'i- grancH tlie tyrant, some of his ollicers admon- ished liim to lieware of that day, which liad been 1111 inauspicious, or (as they called il) a black one to the Itomans. For on that day Ca'pio's army wa^defeated by tlu; Cimbri. I, ucuUus re- turned that memoral)le answer, " I will make thi.s day an auspicious one for l{ome." It was tlie sixth of October, [lie ^\ on a glorious and complete victory.] — Pllt Ainu's Li ( llus. 1396. DAYS observed. S,unud Johnxon. It was liis ciist(jm to observe certain days witli a pious abstraction — viz.. New- Year's day, the day of Ids wife's death, Good Friday, Easter-day, and his own birthday. He this year says : " I liave now silent fifty-live years in resolving, hav- ing, from the earliest time almost that I can re- member, been forming schemes of a lietter life. I liave done nothing. The need of doing, there- fore, is pressing, since tiii' time of doing is sliorl. O God, grant me to resolve aright, and to keep ;ny resohitions, for.fesus Christ's sake I Amen. " — Boswki,l's Johnson, p. i;i4. 1397. DEAD, Cliarity for the. A(/cK/l,ni.i. After the dealli of Lysander, Agesilaus fouial out a conspiracy which that general had formed against him immediately after liis return from Asia. And lie was inclined to show the ]iublic wliat kind of man I^ysander really was, b}' ex- l)osing an oration found among his papers, which had been comjiosed for him by C'leon of llali- carnass'is, and was to have been delivered ')y him to the people, in order to facilitate the inno- vations lie was meditating in the constitution. 15ut one of the senators liaving the jjerusal of it, and tinding it a very plausible composition, ad- vised him " not to dig Lysander out of his grave, but rather to bury the oration with liini." The advice appeared reasonable, and he su[)])ressed theiiaper. — Fi.itaiu ii's A(;ksii.ais. 139§. DEAD, Consciousness of the. A/miwin Iiidiii/iM. On burying her d.iughter the I'hi])- pewa mother adds not only snow sh(>es ami jjcads and moccasins, but (sad emblem of wom- an's lot in th(^ wilderness I) the c;irrying belt und tlie ii.addle. " 1 know my daughter will be restored to me," she once; said, as she clijipcd a lock of hair for a memorial; " by this lock of Lair 1 .shall discover her, for I shall take it with me" — alluding to the day [of her own burial]. — Ban'ciu)Kt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 2'J. 1 399. DEAD respected. The. Hulon'n Lmn. That law of Solon's is also Justly commended which forbids men to speak ill of the dead. For piety nvjuires us to consider the decea.sed as sacred ; justice calls u])on us to spare those that are not in being ; and good policy to prevent the perpet- uating of hatred. — I'l.rTAncu's Soi.on. IJOO. DEAD, Unburied. ]',ir><,rs in TniU,i. They cannot burn them, as do the Hindoos, lest the touch of death should |)ollule the llames ; nor can they buiy them in tlie e:irth. nor in tins sea, for earth and water and air are alike sacred. They tiiercfore ex|)ose tlu; bodies of their dead to be devoured by birds of the air. — GliNKUAi. OKANT's 'i'UAVKl's, p. '.2M7. MO I. DEATH, Admirable. M,th,Hmfs. TIk' conclusion of his life was admirable. "IjCt him. " said he, "to whom I have done violence or injus- tice now appear, and lam ready to mak(! him reiiaration." For several days ])receding liis death he onlercd himself to be carried to the mos(|ue, and there harangued the people with wonderful ehxpience, wliicli, from a d^dngman, had a jiowcrful elfect. It is liy no means im- I)robablc that he believed himself inspired — as the singular success of all his enterprises might have persuaded a mind of that enthusiastic turn of a divine interiiosition in his favor. It is cer- tain that with his latest breath he continued to inculcate the doctrines of his new religion. He recommended to his followers to keep the sword unsheathed till they hail driven all intidels out of Araliia : and in the agonies of death he declared lo Ayesha, tla; l)est beloved of his wives, that God, by the mouth of the angel Gabriel, had given him the choice of life or death, and that he had preferred the latter. — Tvti,i;r's Hist., Hook (5, ch. 1. Ii02. DEATH, Apprehension of. r,vH,ir. Ca'sar was more and more weary. He knew that the Senate hated him ; he knew they would kill him if they could. All these men whose lips were running over with adulation were longing to drive theirdaggers into him. He was willing to live if they would let him live ; but, for hiin.self, he had ceased to care about it. He disdained to tak(! precautions against assas.sination. On his lirst return from Spain he had been attended by a guard ; but he dismissed it in si)ite of the re- monstrances of his friends, and went daily into the Senate house alone and unarmed. He spoke often of his danger with entire openness. . . . " 15etter," he said, " to di(^ at once than live in perpetual dread of treason." — Fuouuk's C.ksau, ch. ':(). 1103. DEATH by Attrition. S,nnutl Jnhnmn. .lohnson mentioned Dr. Barry's System of Phys- ics. "He was a man," said he, " wliohadac((uired a high reputation in Dublin, came over to Eng- laiul, and brought liis reputation with him, but had not grciit success. His notion was. that indsation occasions death by attrition ; and that, therefore, the way to jireservi! life is to rt'tard pulsation. Hut we know that pulsation is strong- est in infanls. and that we increase in growth while it oi)erates in its regular course ; so il can- not be the cause of destruction." Soon after tliis he said something very Haltering to ^NIi's. Thrale, which I do not recollect ; but it conclud- ed with wishing her long life. "Sir. ".said I, " if Dr. Harrv's svstem be true, vou have now mm .iW^mm^sm* ir.s DEATH. 1 1, ii sliDflcncd Mrs. 'riiriilcV life, ix'rliiips, sdmc miii- utcs by iicoclcratiiig licr pulsutiKii."— MoswKi.i/s Johnson, I 101. DEATH, Banquet of. ('■'.■«ir in Afrirn. Thr ciiil iif .IuIki iiiul Pclicius liMil !i wild siilcii- (lor iiboul it. Tlicy had tied toircllicr Iroin '1 liap- su.s to Zaiiia, Julia's own iiriiiciiud city, and llicy were refused admission. I)isdaiiunLr lo lie lakeii ]iris<)iiers, as tiiey knew lliey iiievilalily would !ie, they went to a counlry-liouse in the nei^di- aorhood lielontriiiiT to the kin^r. 'I'liere, at'lei' a last .sunii>luous lianquel, they atrreed to die like warriors liy each olh<'r's hands. Julia killed I'etrcius, and then ran up;. '^4. 1'I05, . Aiiloiiji. Antony, eoiielud- Ing thai he ''ould not nw more honorably than in battle, determined t<>atta(k (';esar at the.sain(.' time lioth by sea and land. The nijiht jireeed- ini^ the e.xeeutiou of this desiirn lie orch'red his servants at sujiper to render him their best ser- vices thuleveIunL,^ anil till the wine round ])lenti- fully, for the day followin;j; they mitrht behintr to another master, while lii^ lay extended on the ground, no longer of consecpience either lo them onto himself. [He lost the battle, and died by suicide. J — Pia.-iwkch's Antony. 1406. DEATH, Bravado toward. Diih' of Gui.se. Th(! Duke of Guise received repeated se- cret intimations of tlu! assassination in jirepara- tion for him, but treated them with lofty disdain. "They dare not," lic^ exclaimed; and added that circumstances liad l)rought him to such a pitch of desperation that, even if lie ".aw death i'oming in at one of Ihc; windows, he W'oul(i not take the trouble to leave the room to escape him. [Ho was shortly after destroyed liy Ids enemies.] — Stl'uenth' Fuanci;, ch. 17, § 11. I'JOT. DEATH, Bravery in. William Htnturd Strafford. It was pres.sed ujion [LordJ SiraiTord to ask for a carriage to convey him to the place of execution, ft'aring that the fury of the i>eo])le would anticipate the; executioner iin them, matters little to me." . . . Stratford's lirotheracconiiianied him, weejiing. " IJrolher," said Jie, " why do you grieve thus ; do you see anything in my life or death which can cause you to feel jiiiy shame"/ Do I tremble liken criminal, or boast like an .alheisl ? Come, be firm, and think onl}' th-it this is n.y third mar- riage, and that you a.'e my bridesman, 'i'liis block," ]i(iintingl(i lh.it upon which he was about lo lay hisliead, " will be iry ]iillo\v, and I shall repose there well, without r'dii, grief, (ii Tear." — La.«.\KTINIO's CltO.MWKI.l,, p. i."). I.f OS. DEATH, Bribery of. Rlrh,.^. [In 1447 Cardinal lletiiy Deauforl died, M.ged eighty y<',irs. On his deiiih l)c(l he is re]ioi'ted by his chaplain to have said,) Why should Idle, having so much riches ? If the whole realm woui Isavemy life, I am able by policy to get it, or by riches to biij' it. l<"ie, will not (leatli be hired, nor will money (io anything- ? — KNionx's Eng., vol. 2, ch. G, p. 96. 1100. DEATH, Choice in. SiKhhii. The same evening, Ww lltli of .March, Ca'.sar was at a " Last Suiiper" at the house of Leiiidiis. Tho conversation turned on (h'atli, and on tli(> kind of death which was most to be desired. Cii'sar, who was signing ]iapers while the rest were talk- ing, Idokeil up and siud, "A sudden one." — Fkoi ])K's C.Ks.vii, ch. ~(i. II 10. DEATH, CompanionB in. Drupair. Somn violences comniitled against \\\v iMantchou "i'ar- tars had given high ]iid\iication to this warlike people, and they deterniined to invid,' the em- jiire. 'I'heir alteni|il was favored by an insur- rection in some of tlw iirovinces ; the Tailari+ met with very little resistance. The rebel Chi- nese, liea, ch. 24. 1411. . AiKcrican Iiidianx. Th« chief within whose territory De Soto died se- lected two young, well-proportioned Indians lo be ])iit to death, saying the usage of tli<' country was, when any lord died, lo kill Indians to wait on him and .serve him bv llu^ way. — Bancuoft'h Hist. V. S., vol. 15, cli.'22. 1412. DEATH, Composure in. Buh' of Mon- inouth. He then accosted .biliii Ketch, the ex- ecutioner, a wrelcli who had butchered many brave .and noble victims, and whose name lias, during a century and a half. bei'U vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his odious of- fice. •' Here," said the duke, "are six gidneas for you. D(> not hack me as you did my Lord Russell. T hav(' heard that you struck him tlinu; or four times. My .servant will give you .some more gold if you do tlie work well." He then undressed, felt the edge of Ilieaxe.exjiresM'd souk- fear that it was not sharp enough, and laid his head on the block. The (liviiies in the mean time conliiuied lo ejaculate willi great energy, '• God accept your repeulance ; (lod accept yoiir imjier feci reiieiitance." |Sec .No. 107!).] — M.\(AII,ay's EN(i.,ch. .5. 141 :j. DEATH conquered. liiininriiiJilu. The first exiiloils of Trajan were against the Dacians, the most warlike of men, who dwelt beyond the D.anube, and who, during the reign of lioinilian, had insulted, with im]iunity, the majesty of Uon»e. Til the strength iind lierceness of luirba- rians tluy added a coiilemiil for life, which was derived from a warifi ]iersuasi(in of the immor- lality.and transmigration of the .soul. — Giubon's Ko.viK, ( li. 1. 1414. . Sir Ilenri/ Vane. [Con- demned ')V Charles II., and awailingexecution. ] A friend spoke of prayer, that for the jin sent tiiC cup of death might be averted. " ^Vhy should we fear death'/" ansv; red Vane; "I find it rather shrinks from •■.: w ; 1 ' . -ii it." --Hancuokt's U. S., V,,. I. -;.. )j, 1415. DEATH conii;..c.i •.. ^\tU.n: ■ '^■ / ■>■ qiicror. The ileat';-bed of ^., ''::in, ■• I'din ■. DEATH. 109 totlu! chroniclers, wiisadciilh-lu'd of rc]viit(iiicc. He liiul iihva.vs nmdc a iirofcssioii of n'lij,non, ami lu! was now .siirromidcd liy liisliopH and confessors, lie spoke, it is related, of liie rivers of blood he had shed. He lauie:ited his i)arliar- ities in ICni^daiid. [See So. 4;if he)rse's' he)eifs Ihe'ii broke' e)n his e'ars, and, ve'nting e)ne' meire' (JreM'k epiotalion, he; he'lel the; elagi;e'r te) his throat. It was elriven heane; by Ei)aphreielitus, e)ne'eif his lite'rary slave's. At this me)me'nt thece'nlurie)n whe)e'ame' lei arie'st him rushe'el in. ... Se) elie'd the last of the Ca'- -sars ! — F.\itUAi{'s Eaki.v D.ws, eh. -1, p. 41. 1419. DEATH, Deceived in. />>/ Fvicndx. [He-m-y V. was e)n his ele'ath-be'el, anel| having ele'live-reel his last wishe's, he' aske'el the' ])hysie'ianH he)W le)ng he' might expe'e'l te) live'. 'i'lie'V .saiel the; Almighty hael pe)we'r te) re'steire' him to he'alth. He; re'pe'ate'el the; epie'slie)n, re'eiuiring a elire'et an- swer. The' answe'r was, Not me)re' than l\\ e) he)urs. K.Meiirr'rt ENei., ve)l. 2, eh. ."i, p. 74. 1420. DEATH, Deception in. I'ric^t. [The! Due'lu'ss e)f Pe)rlsme)Uth, e)ne' eif the' kind's nds- tre'sse'S, pre)pe)se'el a ])rie'sl for the elying king, (.'harles 11. | The- eluke's eireleTs weie- e)beye'el ; anel eve-n the physie'ians withelre'W. The; baek ele)e)r wa.s then e)pe'ne'el, anel Fathe'r Ilueldle-stem enle'reel. A eloak hael be'e'U thre)wn e)ver his sa- cre'el vestments, anel his shave'U e'rown was ee)n- ce'ah'el by a tle)wing wig. " Sir," saiel the; eluke-, " this ge)e)el man e)ne'e save'el your IMV. He la.w ce)me's te) save yeiur se)ul." t'harh's faintly an- swere'el, " He' is we'le'e)me'." Huelelle'stein we'Mt thre)ugh his j)arl be'tte'r than had be'e'U e'X]ie'e'te'el. He knelt by the be'el, liste'ue'd to the e'e)hfe'ssie)n, pre)ne)ime'e'el the; ab?e)lution, anel uehuinistereel extreme imctie)n. — Mac .\l"i,.vv's E.Nei., ch. 4, p. 407. 1421. DEATH, Defiant in. Chnrhs X I f. [Kingeif Sweele'n at Freelerie u-hall. | At the'sie'gei e)f this te)Wn, on Ne)ve'ml)e'r ;J0. 171S (old style'), this invete'rato warrie)r re'ceiveel the fatal ble)w whie-h enek'el his tre)ublous anel eve'iitful e'are'e'r. He; was struck in the he'ael willi a cannem ball, anel theaigh eh'ath must Ini ve- be'e'ii inslaiitane'e)us, he was foimel with his right hanel firmly grasj)- ing the' hanelle' e>f his sworel, so ))rompt w.'is he to ])Ut himsi'lf in an attiluele e)f elefene'e. — \Vin'rK's Swi;i)r.Nite)iie;. e'h. 'I. ]>. IJ:!. 1422. DEATH, Encouragement in. Ood Hrelli. [.\t the dealh e)f uMahonie'tJ fanalieism alone; eoidel sugge'st a. ri.y e)f he)pe' anel e'emsejlatieai. " lIe)W ''an he; be' ele'ael, e)u1' witne'ss, eiur inle'rces- se)r, e)ur meeliator, with Goel ? By (Joel he;isneit ele'ael ; like' Mo.se-s and .Te'sus, he is wrap])eel in a he)ly Irane'e', anel sjje'e'eli'y will he re'turn te) his faithful ])ee)ple'." The evide'nce of se'iise was dis- re'gareleel ; anel Omar, unsheathing his cime'te-r, thre'ateneel to strike ofT the heads of the intielels whe) shetnld dare le) a.irm that the pretphet was no more. The tumua was appeased by the k I 170 DEATH. wcifflit and niodcriitiou of Abuhckcr. " Ih it Miihoiiu't," said Ik; to Omar and the iindtitudc, "or tlic God of Malionu't, wlioiu you worsldp '! Tliu Ood of Malioinct livctli forever ; Imt tlie nposllo was a niorlal like ourselves, and, accord- iiif^ to liis own ])redictioti, lie has experienced llie coinnioii fate of niorlality." He was ])i(iiisly interred liy tln^ lianils of liis nearest kinsman, ii. Mr. Henderson, willi whom I had sauntered in the venerable walks of .Merton Colleire, and found him a very learm'dand i)ious man. supped villi us. Dr. .lohiisoii surprised him not a little ))y acknowledijiii;,'', with a look of horror, th.it lu^ "was much opi)ressed l»y the fear of death. The aniiablo Dr. Adams su^^irested that (}od was in- finitely ;,'()od. JouNso.N : " That He isintinilely good, as far as the ]ierfectioii of i'is natiwe will allow, I certaiidy lieli(^ve ; hut it is necessary for good upon tho whole, that individuals should he ])iuiislied. As to an iiuliriduiil, therefore, Jle is not intiiutely good ; and as [ caimot lie «»//■(' that I have fulfilled \\w. conditions on which salva- tion is granted, I am afraid I mav Ix' one of those ■who shall 1)0 danuied." (FiOokinx dismally.) Dit. Ad.vms : "What do you mean liy danuied'.'" JoHNsox (passionately and loudly): " Sent to hell, sir, and ]iuidslied ('verli.stingly." Dit. Ad- ams : " I don't helii^vi! that doctrine." .Toir.Nso.x: " Hold, sir ; do you bi'lievi! that sonu^ will he pun- ished at all '/" "J)n. An.\Ms : " Being ..eluded from heaven will hi; a i)\uiishinent ; \ ■♦ there niav be no great ])ositive sutTcring." Joiinhox ; " Well, sir ; but if 3'ou adnul aM_\ degree of puii- i.shment, there is an end of your lu'gument for in finite goodness, sim])ly consi(lere(l ; for infinite goodnes.s woidd intlict no jiunishment whatever. There is not infinite goodness, i)liysically consid- ered ; morullv, there is." — Boj^wkll's Johnson, p. 5^4. 1421. . Tln^ DniMs. They ap- pear to ha\(! taught the inuuorlality of the soul, or rather the transnugration of souls, ai.d a future state of rewards and ])unislunciUs. " They lay special stress," .says Ctesar, " upon th( doctrine that .souls do not perish, but j)ass after death into other bodies ; considering this as a most jiowerful stinmlus to liraveryand courage, since it tends to remove ;dtogetiier the fear of death. ' — !5TI'D!:nts' Fhance, ch. 1, tj 10-12. 1'125. DEATH, Feast of. Ainrriran Ahon';/- t'nrs. Of the strength and ardor of their idfec- tions there can be no evidence so strong as that ■which arises from their treatment of tlie dead. Belic\ing in the inunortality of the soul, they bury along with the deceased his bow aiui ar- rows, tiigetlier with the most splendid ornaments ■ivhich belonged to him. They attend him to the grave witli the di-epest nianifi'Stations of sorrow, juid those who are his nearest relations retire for a great length of time to their huts, and ref\is(! to t.'ike any concern in the active occujiations of the trilii'. lUit this is not all ; their concern for the dead is in;iiiifested in a maimer yet more striking, by a cereniony llu; most solemn and the most awfully affecting that imagination can devise. At stated periods is held what is termed the feast of the dead, or the feast of souls, i\ hen all the bodies of those who have died since tlu; last roremony of that kind are taken out of their graves, and l)ronght together from the greatest distances to one jilaee. A great i)it is dug in tho ground ; and thither, at a ceriain time, each per- son, attended liy his f;i'Mily and friend.s, nnirched in solemn silence, li< ng the dead body of a sou, father, or ii liroi r. 1'hese are deposited ill the pit, from whieli ' h (lerson takesaiiand- ful of earth, which he ]M(m rvi's afterward with the most religious t'are. — Tvti.i;k"s Hist., IJook (i, ch. 21. 1 I2U. DEATH, Fortitude in. Airrrirun Tml- iiiiiH. [Hn'beuf, the .lesuil missionary, describes the tortures of an Iroipiois ]iiisoner, prececk'd by a feast.] To th(^ crowd of his guests ho declared: "My brothers, I am going to die; make merry around mi^ with good heart ; I am a man ; J fear neither death nor your torments," and he sang aloud. . . . Torments lasted till after sunrise, when the wretched victim, bruis- ed, gashed, mutilated, half roasted and scalped, was' carried out of llie villagt! and hacked in pieces — H.\nckoI''t's L'. S., vol. ;5, ch. 22. 1 '127. DEATH, An honorable. Ii>nii/iiii. His end was characteristic. Jt was lirought on by exposure when he was engaged in an act of ciiarity. A quarrel had broken out in a family at Keading with which Jhmyan had some ne- (juaintance. A father had taken offence at his son, and threatened to disinherit him. IJunyan undertook a journey on horseback from Bedford to Heading in tint hojie of reconciling them. Ho s' 'ceeded, but at llie cost of his life. Returning liy Lcndon. lie was overtaken on the road by a storm of rain, and was wetted through before lie could lind shelter. The chill, falling on a consti- tuti. ;i ain idy weakened by illness, brought on fever. H<' was able to reach the house of j\Ir. Strudwiek. one < iioiirislinieiit, lest loo low ii diet should have the very efTeet which lie dread- t'd, l)y deliiiilatiii!^ his mind, he said : "I will lake aiiylhiiijf Ittit iiielirialiiig siiHlcnauce." — UoMWKlJ.'S .loil.NSON, p. .■)(}•,'. I'l^lO. DEATH, Patriotic. Ctiiin Nuthnn. TIiili'. S(|iteiMl)er, ITIti. [The Hrilish entered IS'ew VorU.| lie soliiiiteered to venture under (lisi;uis(! wiiliin the Hrilish lines, , . , He was wized, . , . frankly avowed his name and rank in tlie American army. . , . Howe ordered him to l)e e.xeculed the ne,\l inorniiiLr. , . . As he as- cended Die uidloWH, he said : " I only rei,'-ret that I liave hut one life to lose for my country." — B.wcuokt's r. S., vol. it, ch. 7. 1. 1 :i I. DEATH permitted. Muhtnud. In a fa- miliar discourse lie mentioned his special ]ireroi,'- ntive ; that the an<.;el of death was not allowed to lake his soul till he liail respectfully asked the ])ermission of tlie i)rophet. The re(|uest wa.s j^ranted ; and Mahomet immediately fell into the ii!,'(jny of his dissolution. — GiitiioNs Jto.MK, ch. nb. 1132. DEATH, Prayer in. Muhonnt. His liead was reclined on the lap of Ayesha, the hest beloved of all hi.s wives ; lie fainted witli tlie vio- lence of piiin ; recovering his spirits, he rai.sed Ills eyes toward the roof of the house, and, with u steady look, thougli a faltering voice, uttered Ihc last broken though articulate words: " () God ! . . . iiardon my sins. . . . Yes ... I come . . . among my fellow-citizens on high ;" and thus i)eaceal)ly e.\pired on a carpet spread upon the floor. — Gihuon's Ko.mk, ch. .10. 1433. . Luther. His friends com- forted him, and administered medicines. J}ut again he si)oke : "I am i)a.ssing away; I shall give up mysjiirit." Tlien lie repeated in I>atin, (juiekly and three times in succession, tlie words, '■ i'^itlier, into tliy hands I commend my s]iirit ; Thou ha.st redeemed me. Thou faithful God." — KeIN's LlTIIKll, ch. '2.1, p. lit."). 1431. . Cromirdl. "Lord, al- tliough I .ini a wretched ;ind miser.ihle creature, I im in ( ov( n.int witli Thee through grace, and 1 may, I will, com(; unto Thee for my peoi)le. Tli'.u hast made me a mean instrument to do them some good, and Thee service ; and many of them liavc .set too iii.ii'h a value upon nie, tliougli others wish and would Ite glad of my death. I}ut, Lord, however Thou do>t dispose of me, continue to go on. and do good for them. Give them consistency of judgment, one heart, and mutual love ; and lio on to deliver tiiem, and ■with I lie Work of reformalior and make the liame (^f Christ glorious in the world. 'I'eacli those who look too much upon tiiy instrunienls to (li'pend more upon thyself I'ardon siicli as «lesire to trample upon tlie dust of a poor worm, for they are ihy people too; and jianlon the folly of this short pniyer, for .Jesus Christ His sake, and give us a good niglit if it Ix' thy l)leasure." — Hood's Ciso.mwi i.i,, ch. J 7, p ;^23. 1435. DEATH, Preparation for. (U'rnnui Bets .sounded to drown Ids voice. Enthusiasm wept for him wliih-' n admired him ! At la.st lie turnc(i aside, exclamiug, " It is a bad cau.s*; ■which cannot bear tlie words of ;i dying man ' He seems to li:ive been ))ermitt(il to j)ray a litth; m 1 ?"> DKA'rir, in (M'Mcc ; Hiicll W'litcncrs lis llic fullowiti); fell from liiiii, recorded liy Sykes; " Uriiij: us, () Lord, iiitd tlie true niyHtieal SmIiIiiiIIi, tliiit we iiiav eeiise I'niiii our works, rest, I'rorii our lid)orH, mid liecome a meet, liultitutioii for tliy S|>iril," etc., "tc. IIJH lust word.s were ; " Fiillic'r, nlorily tliy servant in tlie si^dit of men, tlial lie may irlorify Tliee in tlie (iis(|iar;j:e of his duties to riiee and to his country. " 'riicreupon lie Htretclied out liis arms ; in an instant swift fell the stroke, and the head of one of tiie ^^reaiesl and purest heinirs that ever adorned our world rolled on the scalTold 1 — 1 Iood'hI'iiomwki.i,, eh. 18, p. 2.VI. I'l-l!l. DEATH, A seemingf. Sirrdr it ho /•//, While Swcdenliori; was I'viii;,' in Sweden, in IT'")!, his old friend and coiidjutor, I'olheim, (lietl ; and Swedeiilioru was favored with a view of lioth sides of his f,n'ave. Writin;.,' in his " Spir- itual Diary," he says: " I'ollieim died on Mon- day, and spoke with me on Thursday. 1 was invited to the funeral. II(! .saw the lieurse, the nttendaiits, and the whole jirocession. He also saw them let down thecotllii into the f;riive, and conversed \vitli me while it was i::oin!f on, askiiiLi; me why thev liuried him, when he was alive. And wfien the jiricst. pronounced that, lie would ri.se ajrain al \\\v day of judgment, he asked why lliis was, when he had idreiidv ri.seii. Jle won- dered that such a lielief should i)revail, consider- inii' that he was ( veil now alive ; lie also won- dered al the belief ill the resurrection of the body, for he said he felt that he was in the body." — SwKDK.Mtoud, eh. 10, |). 77. l'l-i:t. DEATH, Self evoked. Murin.^. Mariiis [one of the thirty Uoinaii tyrants] wa.'^ killed by a soldier who had formerly .served as a workman in his shop, and who exclaimed, as he struck, " JJehold ilie sword which thyself hast fori^ed :" — Xoi'K IN Oimio.v's Ko.Mi , cli. li), p •Vi'-'-i. I 1 1 1. DEATH, Strength for. CmminU. lb called for his liilile, and d('-ired an honorable and tiiidly person tlicic. with ollicrs ])ri'senl. to rend uiilo liini thai passat'e in I'hil. 4: II i;{; " Not lliat I speak ill respect of rtaiil : for I have learned, in whatsoever slate I am, lliercv, itii to lie contcnl. I know both how lo be aba.sed, and I know how lo abound : csciywiuic and in all thiniis I am iiistrucled liolh lo be full and to be hanL:rv, both to alKMiiid and to suffer need. 1 can do all thiii;,rs lhroui;li Christ wliiili slreiiu:il|. eiilh me." Which read, .said he, to use his own words as near as we can rememl»er them, " This Scriiiture did once save my life, when my eldest, son, poor Oliver, died, which went as a daLr.u'er to my heart — indeed it(liran work, and his heart to find su]i]iort andcomf(jrt, and he Siiid tlius to hiin.self, " He that was Paul's Christ is my Christ too ;" and so ''he drew water out of the wells of sulvatiou." — IIOod's Ckom- WELL, ch, 17, p. 221. I'l'IA. DEATH, Study In. Ihitrh h'.r/ilorcr. ,\.l). l.")l)(I. Marellt/.ell sou;,dit to j.'-ei rotllld Novil Zembia [seeking; ii north east pirssap- for Diitcli commereej, and when his ship uas hopelessly enveloped liy Ice liad the coiiriiice to eneam|> his er<'W on the desolate northern shore of tlio island, and cheer them diirim; a winter rendered horrible by famine, cold, and the tii rci' altacks of liu,!,;e white bears, whom hiiimer had mad- dened. When s])riii^' came the ^allaiil companv, ti'a\'ersini,^ more than sixteen hiindrcil milt s in lwoop<'ii boats, were tossed for three months liy storms anion;;' iceberjrs, before they coiiid reacli the shelter of the >Vliite Sea. IJarenl/eii sunk under his trials, but was enpipMl in poriii;;- ovei a sea-chart as he died. The expeditions of the Dutch were willioiil a jiarallcl for dariiii;. — H.vncuoi.t's U. S., vol. ','. ( h. b"). I-IIO. DEATH, Substitutional. .»////,/ r//. |TIh' soldiers of jMarcus Crassus were delealed in an eiiKi'Arement. I The llist TiCMt, who had shown the ffreatesl marks >f cowardice, lie divided into fifty jiarts, and ])ut one in each decade lo death, to wlio.se lot it iniLdit haiiiieii to fall ; thus revi\ iiii; an ancient custom .if mililaiy puiiish- iiiiiil which had been loic.,'' disu.sed. Indeed, this kind of ])uiiishmeiit is the jrreatest mark of iiifani}', and beiiu!; jHit in execution in si;rlil of the wIk.Ic army is allciided with many aw- ful and alfecliiii; circunisi.inces. — Pi.i i aucii'k Cit.vssis. Ilir. DEATH, Sudden. H'r/.v// //-///■-//. On the morniii^^of ihe bJlli [of December. 17!»!)] the ireiieriil was eii^-aiicd in inakinir some improve- inenls in Ihe front of .Mount, Vernon. . . . The day became rainy with sleet , . , [lie became wet] before his return to llic house. About one o'clock he was .seized with chilliness and nausea, but, havinir chnni^ed his clothes, .sal tlowii to hi.s indoor work. . . . Al lU'^hl . . . remained writinir until between eleven and twelve o'clock. I He (tied aiiout ten o'clock on Ihe followiuii; iiiudil ]— Ci sris' W Asiii.NOTti.N, vol. 1, eh. 24. 11 IN. DEATH, Testimony in. Lord }for,/ros^. [A s|)len(lid S<-otch nobleman, who \ainly at- temjiteda revolution in Scot land favorable to ex- iled ( 'harles II. | 'i'licy iiiiiioimced thai the sen- tence condemned him ' lo be liuiin- on a uibbet lliirly f<'ct liiirli, where he was to be exposed dur- ing; three hours : th.il his Ik, id would then be cut oir and nailed to the ;i;iii > of hi prisiin.and thai his arms and le^^s, sevt k d froii> /jjs body, would be distributed (o the four ]iri;icj|);il cities of tlu; kiiifrdom." "I only w i li," repjii il Montrose, "that I liad limbs eiiouiih (o be dispersed throuLch every city in Europe, to bear (cstimony in the cause for which f have fouLdit and am contenl to die." — L.vm.\|{Tim;'s Chu.mwkll, p. o2. 1119. DEATH, T'houghts in. Bo n a i>jiliiiii," were tlii' lastim- aires which linirercd in the heart and th(! last, words which treTiib]e., vol. 2, ch, ;!4. I'ISO. DEATH, Thoughts of. SiuiukI Johnmn. IJoswKi.i. : " But is not Ihe fear of death natural toman '!'' Johnson : " So mucli so, sir. that the wliole of lif(! is but keeping away the thouiiht.s of it." lie then, in a low and earnest tone, I)I';ATH— DKHT. n.'j titlkcd (if liis iDcililalinixiipon tlii' iiwriil lioiir of Ills own (lissolutioti, mid in wimt iniitiiicr lie should coDdui't hitiisrlf upon tliiit occasion : " I know not," siijd lie, " wlidiicr I Hliould wIhIi to Imvc II Iricnd l>v nic, or iiiivc it ail liclwccn Uod and iiiyscil'."— lidsw ki.i/h .loHNso.N, p. 1(1."). mi. DEATH, Tranquillity In. S.,n-iiti'K. On the (lay of his dntlh lie iliscourscd, willi iiiicoiii- iiioii force of' clixpiciicc, on the ininiortaiily of the soul, on the iiillileiiee tliiit |iersiiasioii oiiifht, lo have on ihe conduct of life, and oil the coin fort it (litl'used on I he Inst inoineiils of existence. lie drank the poisoned cup witlioiit the sinaiiesi liiiotion ; and in the a^^my <>f deaili showed to Ids alleiKliim' friends mi e.\ani|>le of traiKpiillity which tlif'ir deeli felt urief denied Iheinall power «)f iinitalinir. I'lic narrative of this conchidini,^ Ncene, as it is iriven hy I'iato in his dialo!,^ue en titled " I'ha'don," is one of the iiohlest. specimens of sinipli', eloipieiit, and jialhetic dcscripiloii wliich is anywhere to he niel with — ii narrative, to tile force I if which Cicero hears this stronir testi- mony, thai he never could read il without tears. (Such was the end of this true philosupher, of ■\vhoin his un^i'raieful coimtrvinen knew not the value till lliev had destroyed hiiu. — Tyti,i;k'.s lIlST.. KnoklV ell, 2. ll.Vi. DEATH, Triumph in. Untllr „f Q,i,h,r. I General I Wolfe, leadiiiic the charfrc, was wound- ed in the wrist. ALTain Ik^ was struck, hut, jiressed oil at the liciid of his ^rrcnadicrs. ,Just lit the uioinent of victory ii third hall pierced his breast, and he sank (iuiverin!f to the earth. " They run, they run I" said the attendant who bent over him. " Who run ?" was the feehle re- sponse. "The French an; llyini^ every where," re])lied the otlicer. " Do they run already ? Then 1 die happy." said l!ie expirini; hero ; and Iii.s spirit jiassed away amid tlie snioi^e of lialtlc. — HiDiMrns r S., ch. ;{.">, p. '2T(i. 145:i. DEATH, Triumphant In. '■ stmiriniir' Jarkxiiii. I I lavinn' received several severe Viounds at ('liaucellorsville, his nriii was amputated. Piieiiinoniii set in, and death followed.) Aihis- in;; his wife, in the event of his death, to return tn her fill hei'tj house, he remarked : " Vouhavea kind and irood father ; hut there is no one so kind und irood .IS your ile.iveidy Father." When she told him liie doctors did not tliinlv he coulo live two lioiirs, {iilhoui!h he did not himself expect 'o die, he replied : •' It will he inlinite ;r,iiii to |m' traiisj.iled to heaven iiiid lie with .lesus." — I'oi.- LAHDs Sixo.Nu Ykak oI' 'I'lll-; W.\U, ell. 10, p. 2(r.. I45I. DEATH by Violence. Hoimi k Hhijk rora. Siich Was the imiiappy condition of the Komaii emperor--, th.-it, whatever miirlit he their con- duct, tlieir fate w;is commonly the same. A lite of pleasure or virtue, of severity or mildness, of indoleiiee or trlory, alike led to an untimely grave; ;md almost every reii,',!! is closed liy the name disi^iistinir rciietition of trea.son and mur- der. — (Jiiiiio.N's Ho.Mi:, ch. I'J. l.|5.>. DEATH welcomed. Dcfidf. [At the battle of (^iiehec the \ ictorious (tuneral Wolfe defeated the French, but died of his vvomids. When the French ran, General] Montcalm, .still iittemptini; to rally his broken re^dmenls, was struck with a ball, and fell. " Shall I survive V" said ho ti his surireou, "Rut a fe>v hours at most," replied the atteiidatit. ".So niiicli (hn hettrr," replied tl(e heroic Flelichmiill ; " I shall not live to witness the surrender of C^ueliec." |.See more at No, II,*)',',] — UiDi'.vTii'rt U. H„ ch. It.'), p. ','7tl, IJ5«. DEATH of the Wicked. Al..r,ni,/,r. Till! Ilrst Jiersou that lirou;,dit the news of .\le.\- aiKler's death was Asclepiades, the son of Hip parchus. Demades desired the peojile lo ;;ivti no credit to it. " For," said he, " if .Mexander were deail, the whole world would smell the car- cass. "—I'li'ivikh'm I'lliX ION. II5T. DEBATE, Personality in. Sannul .hilm- Kiiii. Ills .Majesty then talked of the controversy between Warhurton and i,owtii, which heseemcd to have read, and asked .lohnson \\ hat he tlioiii^ht of it. .lohnson answered ; " Warliurton has most j,reneral, most scholaslic, Icarniii!,' ; i.owlh is the more correct scholar. I do not know which of them calls names best." The I iiiLf was pleased lo say he was of the same opinion ; addinu', " \'ou do not, think then, i>r, .lohnson, that lliere was much ari,ninienl in Ihe ca,se." .Folmson said he did not think there was. " Why, Iriilv," .said the kiiiir, " when once it comes to calliiiD: names, ar;;ument is jireliv well at an end — Uoswi'ii.i.'s .Ioiinson, [>, I.')l. 1 I5«. DEBAUCHERY, Hoyal. Cilhrn.., IT. |()f Uiissia, ) The common hclief is, that shi had a new lover about every three months, who wa.s llieii dismi.ssed with ^nfts and pensions Onu author informs us that she expended in tlii.s way, duriiif^ her reii,'ii, ii sum of money eipial, in our pr<'sent currency, lo !j!20(),0()(),(M)(), J,ov- ers she may have; had ; but when I read lier lileasant, innocent, anil hi;;li-bred letters to th(! irreal men of her time, and when I run over Ihe cataloL,nie of the immense and solid benetit>« which she bestowed upon her country, I lind it impossilile to heliev(? that she ever abandoned herself lo ,syslcmatic dc'liauchery, — (Jyci.oi'K- ju,v (II'' l5io(i.. p. 404. 1 159. DEBT, Imprisonment for. KnuJinnl. In the dclilors' prison at Shellield |.Iohn| Howard liiiind a cutler ])lyiiiu' his trade, who was in jail for thirty cents. The fees of the court which had ciiii-ii;ncd him to prison amounted to nearly %~y, anil tills sum lie had lieen for.sevcnd years tryiiii^ to earn in prison. In another jail there was ii man, with a wife mid ti\c children, conlined tor court fees of about %\ and jailer's fees of eiylily CI 1 1 Is. This man was conlined in the same apart- ment with roliliers and murderers, and had liltle hope (if lieiiiir iible to raise the money for his discharire. All such deblois — and they were nuinerous then in I']iiL;laiid — Howard n;- leased by iiayiiii; their debts. — Cvci.oimidi.v ok Hiod.. \i. :")(;. I l«0. DEBT, Security for. Sir ]\:,!t,r S,;,ff. In .M.iy, IM'J, i-^colt l,a\iiii; now ;it last obtained the salary of the Clerkship of Session, the work of which he had for more tli;in live years dis- chariicd without pay, indid^cd himself in rcal- izin;j; his favorite dream of buyiiuj: a " mountain farm" at Alibotsford — five miles lower down the Tw(;ed than his cottafjcc at Ashestiel. . . . The place thus boniicht for i;4()(K) — half of which, ac- cordini^ to Scott's bad and san^'uine habit, was borrowed from his brother, and half nii.sed oa the security of a poem at the moment of salo 174 I)KHT-I)K(KITFLI.NKS8. ! wholly unwritten, and n<.t coninlrtcd even when hv rcniovcd to AliiK)tMfor scrupulously (liscliMru'ed. |lhnry was a notorious uamlih i ] — IvMcarr's l..s(i., vol. ~', ch. ::.'t), p. :!•,'!). IIOI. DEBTS prevented. Al/n iiimiK. Solon restrained iIk 'verity of creditors to their debt- ors liy ])roiiil. 'lir all inipri,^oiinienl for deht ; but he restrained, at thesamo time, the fre(|urney of contract iii^r dclits by the sevire iieiially of the lorfeilureof the liirhts of citi/.eiiship — a i)uiiisli- inent whic h, tliouLii it did noi, reduce a man to servitude, deprived him of all voice in the ])iili- lic assemlily, or share in the irovcrnnicn! of thi' commonwealth. In like niannei', if a delitor died iiisdlveiil, his heir was disfr.'inchised till the deht was ])aid. This was a wise rcunilation ; for no indi;;ent man ouudit to lie a legislator. — Tyti.kii's lli-r.. Hook 1, ch. 10. 1IG5. DEBTS, Punishment for, J ii n o I r c i, t DMiiVK. After judicial ]iroof or confession of the deht, thirty days of ^n-ace were allowed he- fore a Roman was delivered into llu; i)ower of his fellow-citizen, in this private prison twelve ounces of rice wen; his daily food ; he mij^ht he bound with a chain (jf fifteen jxiunds weijfht ; and his misery was thriei; exixised in the market- place, to solicit the comi)assion of his friends juid countrymen. At the expiratioi of sixty days the deht was discharged hy the loss of liberty or life; the insolvent debtor was, either |)nt to death or sold In foreiifii Hlavery beyond the TlUr ; hut If several creclitorH were alike oli- Ntinatc luid unrelenlliiif, they uiiKlit legally dls- niemlHr his hody, and satiate their i( venjje hv this horrid parlillon. The advo( lies for this I old friend. I larire. and oi s.ivap' law have insisli d thai ll must re(|Uellee of IKlijrli-hj laws restricliiij^ its liillure, IIk- leuisjalure of Viririnia did not -•ihniiiit. I'rom enthusiasm to imposture the step is per- ilous and slijipery ; the (henion of Soi rales af- fords a memorable iiisianc(t how a wise man may deceive! hinis('lf, how a ji'ood man may de- ( ('i\i,' others, liiiw the conscience ni.'iy slumber in a ml.xed and middle slate between self-illusion and \(iluntary fraud. Charity may believe that the ori.ijinal niotivi'S of .Mahomet were those of punr and p'liiiine benevolence ; but a liumaii niissionary is in(a|>ab|eof eherishiii^r the obsti- nate unbelievers w ho n et his claim-, despise his arifumenis, and |icrs( , ute liis life ; he inijrht orgive his ]iersoiial adversaries, he may lawfully enemies of (Jod ; the stern passions iiiil revenp' were kindled in the bosom let, and he sinh,.,!^ like the iirophet of for : ic (Icslruetion of the i-ebels whom ndeinned. — OlifiiON's Ho.Mi;, ch. ."lO. DECEIT, A timely. Pirsim, Priiu-r. [Harino.'.an was captured in the surrcndi'r of his country to Omar the .M< II liiv wise us ii sitiiciiI ; litil HH sliplXTV iiH an eel. Iv.sihiit'm H.nu, vol. 5, ( li 1471. DEOEIVER deceived, The, l!o,-h(,>t,i\ l.likliii's III illil iidl like to propuHr liin-ctly to his i)roth>ti'r, tlu^ trciisurcr) the Hi.mplif clicii I ipostiisy or tlisiiiixMul ; lint till (lays ,'iflir tii( ■ onfcrcrw f Harillini Wiiilcil on the li'cuHiii-cr, ami will) iiiin li 'irciiiiilocutioii and iiiniiy fxprcMsiun - of Irirndly ( uiiccrn, limlv. till! iiiiplni.siii I Iriilh. " |)i) yon mean," said Uoj'liolcr, Ih\( ildrrcd liy llic involved and eiTe inonious plira^eH in wliiili the iniiinatioii was made, "iImI it' I do not turn Calholie the eon sequence will he that {shall lose ni\ (i|ae(!?" " I say nothiiiL^ ahoiil eonse((iiences, answered the wary diploniatisf " I only come as n friend to f'M'ress a hope that yon will take ' m-v to keep your place." " I'wt. suri'ly, said U'- hester, " thu plain meanini; of ail this is, tl I miisi turn Catholic or ),'(• out." lie put niiu t[W^ tions for the pinposc of nscertainin^ vliitlur the commnnicaliiin was made Ity ai ilioriiy, luit could extort only vaj^ue and niysii lious replies. At iasl, airecli,,;.:^ a conlldencc which he was far from fceiin;;, In- declareil that Hariilon must liavf; been ini[)(ised ujiou hy idle or malicious ic Jiorls. "1 tell you, ' lie .said, "Ihal Ilic ivini; will not dismiss me. and 1 will not resign. I know him ; he know- me ; ami I fear nuhody." The Frenchman answer^ d that he was ( lnirmed, that he was ravished lo hear it, and Ihal hisonly motive for inlcrfcrinf; was a sinccn anxiety for tli(! prosperity and di^^nity of his excellent frieiul tlu; treasurer. Ami thus the two slatcsmeii dc- ]iartcd, each Haltering'' himself that he had duped the other. — .M.vcAii, ay's H.nu., ch. »t, p. 140. 1I7». DECENCY, Regard for. hmir .W .-/„„, His most intimate friend al tlie uiii' crsily was a foreiirn clieiiMsl (d' mu( h imle anil skill. ^'' v ton enjoyed his conversation cxceedini:ly lil, one day, the Italian told him "a loose si . v il 11 nun," which so nuicli olTcnded his sense of de- lace in tlie kiiiLr's pres- ence between the (lucen-mother and Richelieu, at the close of which L(aiis I XII I.] (piittcd the palace without saying a word, and took bis de- partunt for Versailles. Every one thought the full of the minister irrevocably certain. . . . The good news wi's transmitted with pn diiitate joy to Madrid, Vienn;i, Hru.ssels, iukI Tniin. But thesound judgment of Louis . . . had conducted bini meanwliile lo a very dilTerent conclusion. A message from the king was despatched to Richelieu. . . . lie hurried to Versailles, was wel- comed with every mark o. confidence and favor, and received an assurance from Louis that he would sleiidily uplndd himiiuaiiist all bisadvcr- iiricM, woidd lislen to no iiiNltiimtlon lo his prej- udice, iiiiil would remove from court all who had II in their power to thwail or injure him. These cnr\i»us (K'curreiices took place on tho mil of November, DCU), which has remained fii- nioiis in Erench history as the " Davi f DupcM. " - "^ri I)I;m V FitANCK, i '■/./•nn.x II. As, however, ll\e yeais had I'laii-cd siiieo her last pregnancy [t^iieen Miry's], the people, under the iiillnenc<' of that dclusioc which leads men lo lu'lievt what they wish, li i ceasi'd to entertain any ap|ii'chenHioii Ihal ^h' would givi' an heir to Ihe throne < >n the . ili< r hand, noihing seeincil mori' nalural ami pi ImIiIc Ihau that the .Icsuils slinuld have conli i\ed a pioiirt fraud. It was eerlain lliai llicy must consider the acccssidh of the | I'loicsiani | I'rimcss of Orange i.soiieof the greatest calamllics which could III ! Ill their <'liuicli. Il w :is eijiially cer- tain Ihal they would iioi he very scrupulous :il out doing w lialevcr mlirlil be necessary to save their chuicji from a great calamity. In books wrilleii by (in iient members nf the so- (ill .and liccii.sed b\ iis rulers, il w as disliiictly laid down that iiicmis cncii more shockiiiLi to all notions oi iiisiici' and llumallil^ lliaii the ii- iidduclioii ' -purioiis heir inlou i.imils miuht uvfiilly l„ rii. ployed I r ends less imiiortaiit ihaii III ciiiiversioii of a hereliial kingdom, It had LTol aliroad that some of the king's advisers, an(lc\eM Ihe I Roman ('atliolic{ kin l'' himself, li; I meditaled s>'h( iiu-; for defrandinirilic Lady Mary [ RrinccKs of Oninge ; her huslianil was Mfli r- ward AV'illiaiTi III. J either wlioll\ .r in part of her riglitful iiiherilaiKc — Ma( Al i.Av's L.no., ch. H, p. '-'S7. I I7«. DECEPTION, Pleasing. Ahnihum Lin- ciiUi. (Siicakinu' of seccssj. .n, in (uie of his iiieH- saee--] occuis the fnlluwing remark: "\\ iib rebel- lion thus sinidr-cniiltil they have drugged tli<; iniblic mind." . . . Mr. Defrces, the go\'crn iiiciit priiilcr, . , . \vas a irood deal disiurlied liy Ihe us( of the term ' sugar coaled," and finally wc- to the I'rcsiilent alioiil il fii- lack- ing digiiil', ). . . . " I )efr'es," replied .Nir, Lin- coln, "that word expresses ju'ecisely my idea, and I am not going to clianue il. The time will ncNcr come in this country when the peo- ple won't know c.xaclly w iiat nnf/iir-fnticd means ! " — R.wmonij's Li.ncoi.n, p. 758. 1477. DECEPTION punished. 1), innstln^cit. [lie had been biihed by llarpalus, and a great clamor was raised by Ihi' people. | 1 >eniosf iieiies, seemingly with a design to |iro\e his innocence, moved for an order tliatr tlic alfair should bu brought before the court of Areopagus, and all persons punished who should be found guilty of taking bribes. In conse(|Uence of which lie aj) jicarcd before that court, and was one of the tirst that were convicted. — Pi.i lAltcit. Ii7«. DECEPTION of Self. Co nnpi r,i I orx. Their oaths [as .senators] and tlieir profession,^ were nothing to them. If they were entitled to kill (Ja'sar, they were entitled e(iually to deceivo liiin. No stronger evidence is needed of the d(!- nioralization of the Roman Senate than the com- ]>leteness with wdiich they were able to disgui.so from themselves the ba.seness of their Ireacliery. One man only they were able to attract into co- III ^, -/A IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) w. 1.0 1^1^ 1^ =s -^-: lU 1^ 12.2 1^ I.I £ lis 1.25 1.4 1.6 P /^ /] ># # ^'^*»^ '^' o 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 93 WEST MAIN STREET WCKTER.N.Y. 14580 (716) 871-4503 ^ ^V :\ (V \ 6^ '^ ■IT mimm ■^*L -^ »lwK, "^^ , i:o DECKPTIOX— DEDK.'ATION. opcrntiRii who Imd a reputation for honesty, and couhl lie conceived, without absurdity, to be ani- mated 1/y II disinterested purpose. [li wasj .Mar- cus lirutus. — Fuoi dk's C.ksau, eh. ^(i. 1470. DECEPTION, Superstitious. Sacred Fmrii. Spanus, aeountryiuan,. . . happeninj^ to fall in with a hind which liad newly yeaned, and wl'.icii was tlyin^c from the hunter.^, failed in his. attemjit to take her ; l>ut charnied witji the un- (H)iuinon color of (h(! fawn, wideli was a perfect white, he ])ursu(Ml and tootc it. ISy i;ood fortune 8ertorius liad his < .imp in that neiizhhorhood ; and whatever was iii(,u!iht to hin> taken in lumt- insir, fir of tin' production of t!ie field, he received witli pleasure, and returned tlu^ civility with in- terest. 'I'hf countryman went am' oll'er'.'d him the fawn. He received this ])resei!t like the rest, and at first took no extraordinary notice of it. |}ut in time it liecaim.' so tractable and fond of liim, that it would come when he called, follow him niierever he went, and learned to bear the liurry anil tumult of the; cami). IJy little and little he broui,dit the jx'ople to belic^ve there wa.s ."ometliinj; sacred and mysterious in the affair, givinu; it out that the fawn was a f^ift from Di- ana, and that it di.scoveredtohini many important secrets. For he knew the natural power of super- stition over the minds of the barbarians. In ptw- suanee of his scheme, when the enemy was n)ak- in<^ a private irruption into the country under liis command or persuadini^ some city tu revolt, lu; pretended the fawn hacl appeared to him in a dream, and warned him to have his forces ready. And if he had intelligence of .some victory gained by his otticers, he used to conceal the messenger, and ]iroduced the fawn crowned with flowers for it-s good tiihicon. When Ju- lius ("a'sar arrived at the banks of the l{ul)icon, which divid(!S Cisalpine Gaul from the rest of Italy, his reflections became more interesting in proportion as the danger grew near. Staggered by the greatness of his attempt, he stopped to weigh within himself its inconveniences ; and as he stood revolving in silence the arguments on l)oth sides, he many times changed his opinion. After which he deliberated upon it with such of his friends as were bj', among whom was Asinius Pollio ; enumerating the calamities which the passage of that river would bring upon the world, and the reflections that might be made upon it by posterity. At last, upon some sudden impid.se, l)idding adie\i to Ids reasonings, and plunging into the abyss of futiu'ity, in the words of those who embark in doubtful and arduous entcr])ri,ses, hecriedout, "Thedieis (.ast !" and innnediately passed the river. — Plit.vijch's C.Ks.vit. 14WI. . Iliibiron. The boundary which separates Italy from (Msalpine Gaid is "a small river named tlu! Rubicon. The Roman Senate, aware of the designs of Ctp.sar, had pro- nounced a decree devoting to the infernal gods whatever general should presume to pass this boundarj' with an army, a legion, or even a single cohort. Ctesar, who, with aH his ambit'on, in- herited a large share of the benevolent affections, did not resc' /e on the decisive step which he liad now taken without some compunction of nund. Arrived with his army at the border of his prov- ince, ho hesitated for ".some time, while ht^pictur- e 1 to himself the inevitiiblc miseries of that civil war in which he was now preparing to unoheath the sword. " If I ])ass this small stream," said he, " in what calamities must I involve my country ! Yet if I do not 1 myself am ruined." The latter consideration was too powerfid. Ambition, too, liresented allurements which, to a nund like C'a'- sar's, were irresistible. — TvTi-icit's Hist., Book 4, eh. 2. 1 IS2. DECISION, Lacking. Charh-H T. [At the battle of >ia.scl)y thi' king was totally defetited l)y Fairfa.v and Cromwell.] On this field the i)as- sionafe Ruiicrt, as at Marsfon, suppo.sed that ho had won the day, and, thinking Ihe victory nil his own, he clove his way back to the s])ot whcro the poor helpless king was cheering his dismay- ed troopers. Indeed, we can almost weep as we hear that cry from the king : " One charge more, gentlemen ! One charge more, in the name of God ! and the day is ours." He nlaeed himself at the head of the troo])ers, and a thou.sand of them prepared to follow him. One of his cour- tiers snatched his bridle, and turned him from the path of honor to that of despair. " Why," says one writer, "was there no hand to strike that traitor to the ground ?" Alas ! if tlie king's own hand could not strike that traitor to the groimd, was it possible that another's could ? Who would have dared to have tidten Crom- well's bridle at such a moment ? And so, at the battle of Na.seby, the crown fell from the king's head and the sceptre from his hand, and he was henceforth never more in any sense a king. Poor king ! " Who will bring me," cried he in despair, " this Cromwell, dead or alive f Alas ! your maicsty, who? — Hood's Cuomwell, ch. 10, p. 13.1. 14§3. DECOEUM in Debate. American Ind- innH. If his elocpienee pleased, they esteemed him a god. Decorum was never broken [in Indian as.semblies]. There were never two speakers .struggling to anticipate each other ; they did not e.xpre.ss tlieir spleen by blo\vs ; they restrained pas.sionate invective ; the debate was never dis- turbed by an uproar ; questions of order were unknown. — Banchoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22. 14§4. DECORUM, Ministerial. Samvel John- sun. Johnson's profound reverence for the hier- archy made him expect from bishops the high- est degree of decorum ; he was offended even at their going to taverns. " A bishop," said he. " has nothing to do at a tippling hou.se. It is not indeed immoral in him to go to a tavern ; neither woul('. it b(! immoral in him to whip a top in Giosvenor Square; but if he did, I ho]ie the boys woidd fall upon him, and apply the whip to him. There are gradations in con- duct ; there is morality, decency, and projiriety. None of these shoidd be violated by a bishop." — BoswEiii.'s JoiiNsox, p. 4r)3. 14§5. DEDICATION changed. Bihlia Tolyqlnt- in. It is to his immortal honor that the " Biblia Polyglolta Waltonia," perhaps the mo.st impor- tant and valuable biblical book ever issued by the Briti.sh press, owed the existence of its gigan- tic volumes to Cromwell. . . . Cromwell assisted in defraying the expenses in publishing it, and admitted five thousand reams of paper free of duty, and so saved the author from loss by its DEDICATION— DEFEAT. I 1 I piil)licati()n. It was iMitilislicd during tlic Pro- IcctonitL' and dedicated to Cromwell. But, its mean and dastardly compiler, niton the retmn iif Cliarli!8 Htuart, erased the (ledication to the man \vho liad so siihstantially aided liim, and inserted that of the kinj;. who cared neither I'oi tli(! project, its scholarshij), nor the Bii)le. — IIo()o"rt Cu().m\m;i.i., ch. 1"), p. 2()t). IIWO. DEDICATION, The true. Clnirrh. [Cel- ehratinij the anniversai'v of the con'secration of the (^asHe Cimrcli of Wittenheri:.] Not lonir thereafter the; same Au^jiistinian moid< that, had nailed the l..atin theses to tlie church d.;or stood in the pulpit and preached ui)<)n the festival tu.\t, Luke 1!) : 1, etc., which records the history of Zacciieu.s. Reverently did the con;j;regation li.st- cn to the simpl'j, calm, and heartfelt .sermon of llie Augu.stinian monk. " Christ must hecomi! everythiii<^ to us," he said ; " and unto those to whom Christ is something, all else will he notii- ing. He mu.st be .sought with a heart which, with a feeling of its unworthine.ss, does not dare to invite llim, but which, for that very reason, most urgently iniiilores His presence. Suc^h a request, coming from the heart, God will grant. Thu.s He would have our hearts. And thus every fea.st of dedication should not be merely an out- ward consecratioa of a church, but rather a con- secration of the heart unto God." — Rein's Lt:- TIIEH, ch. 1, p. 8. 14S7. DEFAMATION punished. Jnmei> IT. James, a short time before his accession, had in- stituted a civil suit against Gates [tho infamous impostor and Irai'ucer] for defamatory words, and a jury had given damages to the enormous amount of .£100,000. The defendant had been taken in exee>.tion, and was lying in prison as a debtor, without hope of release. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 4, p. 448. 14§§. DEFEAT, Beginning with. Ahrahrnn Lincoln. He esjxju.sed the cause of Henry Clay . . . and ran as a candi, 000 had returned tothcN'is- lula. — KNiiiirr's Kno., vol.7, ch. HO, p. TmO. I I0«. DEFEAT, Service of, IhiU nmi. The rout |of the I'nion ainiyj at liuil linn had the clVi'ct to ([nickcn (he encrtjies of llic North, and Iroojts were rapidly hurried to \Vashin,t;ton. 'I'he aired (Jeneral Scott . . . retired from active duly, and [youmj,! (Seneral ^Ic^'li'l'i'n was called from AVest Vir.ijinia lo take command of the Army of the Potomac. I?y the middle of Oeloher his forces had increa.sed to l."iO,000 men. — Uid- I'ATii's r. S., ch. (m, p. -I!)l. I Iftr. DEFECTS covered. IVrirhn. [Tcricles. tlie Athenian statesman, o'ltaincd .urcat renown. | His jicrson in other respects was well turned, hut Ills head was disproportioiially lonij. For this rcas(.n almost all liis statues Iiavc tlic Iiead <'ov- cred with ii hclnu't, the statuaries choosini;'. I suppose, to liide Iliikl defect. — Pi.iT.^ucn's l'i;iiu'i.Ks. IIOS. DEFENCE a Bondage, luilh.j V,'v<>n,i. [Constantine defeated many thousand Italians undi'r Fom])eianus. I They wanted chains for so jjreat a nndtitnde of cajitives ; and the whole couiu'il was at a loss ; hut thcsatracacvis con(iiier- or imagined the happy cx])edient of convertinsj into fettiTsthc swords of the vancjuisbed. — Nutk IN GiiuioNs Ko.MK, ch. 54. 1-IOft. DEFENCE, Brave. Count Gemntuiit. Geronlius, abandoned by lii.s own troops, es- c'ai)cd to the confines of Spain, ami rescneti hi.s name from oblivion by the Itonian couraiiio ■which appeari'd t(i animate the la.st momehts of Lis life. In the middle of the niuht a great body of his jiertidious soldiers surrounded and attack- ed his house, wliich he had .strongly barricaded. His wife, a valiant friend of the nation of the Alani, and some faithful slaves, were still attach- ed to his person ; and he u.sed, with so nuich skill and resolution, a large magazine of tlarts and arrows, that above HOO of the assailants lost tlu'ir lives in the attempt. — Giubon's Komk, ch. 31. 1500. DEFENCE declined. Chiirhx I. Th- act of accusation was read to him, drawn uj) after the customary fornnda, in which the wcrils traitor, nnuderer, and i)ublic enemy were, as usual, freely api>lied bv the coiKpiering to the ViUKiuislied party. He listenedto them unmoved, with the cidm siiperic.rity of innocence. Deter- miued not to degrade the inviolable ma,]esty of kings, of wnicli he conceived himself the deposi- tary and responsible representative, he replied that he would nt-ver stoop to justify himself be- fore a self-elected tribunal of his own subjects — a tribunal which the religion as well as the laws of England eqiniUy forbaile him to acknowledge. "I shall leave to God," said he, in conclusion, " the care of my defence, lest by an.iwering I shoidd acknowledge in you an authority whicli has no better fiiundation than that of rol))>ersaii(l pirates, and thus draw on my memory lh(! ro- proa>h of posterity, that I ha(l my.self betrayed the irit swelled and ro.se high. The terms olVered by the allirs were lirinly rejecte|iinif his toj;a in silent dismay tor the rest (it ilie ev(!iiiim:. — Tuoi.i.oi'io's 'l"ii.\( kiokay, «'h. 'J. 1507. DEGENERACY, Athenian. Jhs/i/s,,!. The Athenians arc , . . dislinfiiiished l)y the sulitlcty 1111(1 acutcness of their undcrstandin,i;s ; hut these (|ualitii's. )ml(;ss cnnohled liy freedom and eii- ]i,!,dilenc(l liy study, will (le^^'nerat(! into a low and sellish cunnin,!^ ; and it is a proverbial say- ing of the country, " From the .lews of 'I'hcssa- lonicii, the Turks of Nej,''n)pont, and the (Jreeks of Athens, ffood Ijord, deliver us !" IJy some, who (leliLrht ill the contrast, the modci'ii lanf^-uaue of Athens is represented as the most corrupt and barharo\is of the .seventy dialects of the vul^^ar (il'cek ; this jiicturc is too darkly colored ; hut it Would not he easy, in the counli-y of I'latoand JK'iuostheiics, to find a reader or a co|)y of their works. 'I'lu! Athenians walk with sui)ine indif- iVrence amoiiff the ;,dorious ruins of anli(piity ; und such is (Ik; d('l)asemcnt. of their charact('r, that llieyar(! incapahh; of admiring- tin; ^renins of their prcdecH'.s.soi's. — (Jiuhon's I(o.mk, ch. (i:i. 1 50!*. DEGENERACY, National. A' // // 1 a ii il, 1775, I Heiijamin Fraiikliii left- lOn^dand for his native country in 177"), (liprccatini,^ an}' further attempt to restore unitcn interests hetween tlu^ mother country and her colonies, lie writes ;| When I consider tilt! e.\tremccorru])tion prevail- infj: anion,!!; all order.s of men in the old rotten Stiite, and the fflorious public virtut; so jiredom- iiiaiit in our risinj? couiitry, I cannot but appre- hend more mii^chi(!f than beiietit from a closer union. Here numberless and needlesf) jilaces, enormous salaries, pensions, penjuisites, hritics, groundless (juarrels, foolish expeditions, fal.se accounts or no accounts, contracts and jol)s, de- vour ail ri'venue, and i)ro(iuc(; c:ontinual neces- sity in the midst of natural plenty. — Ivnkjut's En(;., vol. G, ch. 23, p. '.WS. 150». DEGRADATION, National. Ilunf/an- 071,1. Except the merit and fame of military prowess, all that is valued by mankind appeared viU^ and contemptible tothe.se barbarians, who.sc Dative fierceness was stimulated by the con- sciousness of numbers and freedom. The tents of the Ilunirarians wt^-eof le.ither, their .liarments of fur ; tliey .shaved their liair and .scarified tlieir faces ; in s|)eech they were slow, in action prompt, in treaty perfidious; and they shared the com- jnon reproach of barbarians, too iujnorant to conceive the inip()rtaiic(! of truth, too proud to deny or ])alliate the breach of their most solemn engairemeiits. Their sinipli(^ity has been praised, vet they alistained only froiii tin; luxury they Lad never known ; whatever tliey .saw they cov- eted ; their desires were insatiate, and their sole industry was the liand of violence and rapine. — GniBON'S Uo.MK, ch. .'),"). 1510. DEGRADATION and Poverty. Irelinid. [Young, in his " Tour in Ireland," says :] Mark the Irishman's potato-bowl i)laced on the floor, the whole family on their hams around it, de- vouring a quantity almost incredible ; the beg- g.ar.seating himself to il with a hearty welcome ; the pi;r taking his shan; as readily as the wife ; the cocks, hens, lurkey><, geese, the cur, the cat — and all partaking of the same dish. [The mud hovel of one room blinds the family with it.s smoke, and their clothing is so ragge(l that \\ stranger is impressed with the idea of universal poverty. Date 177ti. )— K NKiii'rs lvN(i., vol. 7, cii. a, 1.. ;(:{, 1511. DEGRADATION, Social, iriah. \\n l.")!»:i S|>encer described the degradation of th(! Irish cabin as it continued for two hundred and fifty years after. " Rather swine sties than hou.ses" — these dwellings of abject poverty l)eing the chicfest cause of the poor cult ivatoc'sl beastly milliner of life and savag(^ condition, lying and living with his be;ist, in one house, in one ro((m, in one lied— that is, clean straw or a foul dung- hill.— K.nkiiit's I;n(i., vol. :{, articularly that of the sect 1,'isl mentioned, amid all the errors incident to the mind unenlightened by revealed religion, the reason of mankind has, in all ages, looked up to a su|)reine, intelligent, and omnipo- tent IJciiig — tiie Author of our existence — the Creator and the; (Jovernor of the universe — li belief which forces itself upon the most unculti- vated understanding, and which the advance- ment of the intellectual powers tends always to strengthen and continn. The other reflect ion is, that from tlu; great variety and opposition of those .systems wliicli we have (iuumcratedof the (Jreek iihilosophers, w(' may perceive among that jieople a liberal spirit of toleration in matters of o])inion, which stopped short at absolute ir- religion and im])iety ; and a freedom of .iudg- nient in all matters of philoso|)hi('aI spetMilation, wliich did honor to their national charact(.'r an(l the genius of their legislative systems. — Tyt- i.KU's Hist., Hook 2, ch. 9. 1513. DEITY concealed. Aurient Italians. These gods were termed Piitvil and Indir/iUn, but their jiarficular names were concealed with the most anxious caution from the knowledge of tlu! jieojile. It was a very prevalent superstitiou.s belief that no city could be taken or destroyed fill its tutelar gods abandoned it. Hence it wa.s the first care of a besieging enemy to evoke the gods of the city or entice them out i)y (;erenio- nies, liy promising them superior temjiles and festivals, and a more respectful worship than they had hitherto en.joyed ; but in order to ac- complish thisevocation, it was necessary to learn the particular names of the deities, which every peojile therefore was interested t(j keep secret. — Tyti,1':k's Hist., Book ;J, ch. 1. 151 J, DEITY subjugated. Turinni^. [When Al.'xander the Great l)esiegcd the Tyriaiis] ho had a dream, in which he saw Hercules offering him his hand from the wall, and inviting him to enter. And many of the Tyrians dreamed that Apollo declared he would go over to Alexander, because he was displeased with their behavior in the town. Hereupon tlie Tyrians, as if the god had been a deserter taken in the fact, loaded his statue with chains, and nailed the feet to the pedestal, not scrupling to call 1,^11 ISO I)i:.Ii;(TI()N-I)KMSI()N. liiin ill! Alrxiiiulrixl. — PMrAiicii's Ai.kxan- DKlt. 1515. DEJECTION, Mental. M';i!i,i,ii Pitt. fWilliiiiii I'ilt i){)sscssc(l very tVchIc liciiltli in his old n\tv ; liis imciiIii! |inislr!ili-))n>nwr, pas.sed into a prov- t-rb, iuid continues so among the Greeks to this day. — Pi.UTAitcii's Pelopidas. 1517. DELAY, Providential. Ti-rdn. A great agitation had arisen in tlie country in regard to the republic of Texas. From 1831 to 18:56 this Vitst territory, lying between Louisiana and Mex- ico, had been a i)rovince of the latter country. For a long time it had been the policy of Sjiain ftnd Mexico to keep Texas uninhabited, in order that the vigorous race of Americans nught not I'ncroach on the Mexican borders. At last, how- ever, a large land-grant was made to Moses Austin, of C'onnecticut, on condition that he Avould settle three hundred American families within the limits of his domain. . . . Thus the foimdation of Texas Mas laid by peoj^le of the English race. — Kidi'atu's U. S.,ch. 5(5, p. 44.'). 15 IS. DELIVERANCE from God. Orlmnx. [When Attila besieged < )r!eans] the assaults of the Huns wen; vigorously rc[)elled liy the faith- ful valor of the .soldiers, or citizens, who de- fended the place. The jiastoral diligence of Anianus, a bishop of primitive sanctity andcon- simimate jirudence, exliausted every art of relig- ious i)olicy to sujiport their courage till the arrival of the expected succors. After lui ohsti- nate siege the walls were shaken by the !)atteriiig- rams ; the Huns had already occupied the sub- urbs ; luid the peojile who were incapable of bearing arms lay prostrate in prayer. Anianus, who anxiously counted the days and hours, de- spatched a trusty messenger to observe, from the ramiiart, tiie lace of thcdislant counlry. He rcliuMicd twice, without any intcliigen<'e that could inspire; hope; or comfort ; but in his third report he menlionc'(ir was it seen in cloudy and dubious w 'ither, but in tho.se clear days common to trop- ical climates, and with all the distinctness with winch distant objects may be discerned in their l)ure, transi)arent atmos])here. The island, it in true, was only .seen at intervals, while at other times, .and in (he clearest weather, not a vestige of it was (o 1)0 descried. When it did appear, however, it was always in (he same jilace, an(l under (he same form. So ])ersuaded were (ho inhabi(an(s of tho Canaries of its reality, that application was made to the King of Portugal for permi.s.sion to discover and take posses.sion of it ; and it actually became the object of several expeditions. — luvixti'.s Colv.muus, ch. 4 DELUSION— DEPENDENCE. 181 15a*i. DELUSION, Political. Slump Tar. a.d. 17<1">. Every ajjcnt in Eiij,M:m(l believed tiiestiiiiii) lux would 1)0 i>eiieeul)ly levied. Not one " iniii r- iiied IIk oloiiies would tliiiik of (lis]nitiiii,' the mutter with I'lrlianicut at the ])oiiit of the t ,1,' S"/". Il had ever tieen lielieved that the depths of the ciintinent at tiie north concealed cities as ina^niticeiit, and temples as ricldy endowed as any which had yet liecn plundered within the lim- itsof tlie t' ,)pi('s. Soto desired to rival t-'ortcz in iriory, and surpass Pi/arro in wealth. . . . II(! demanded permission to contjuer Florida at his own cost; .'nd.C'li'irk's V. readily conceded. — Banckokt's Hist, ok U. S., vol. 1, cli. 2. 152 S. DEMAGOGUE, Changeful, llm/" "f Chorlt'H IT. [He was a Cabinet minister.] IJuck- inj;ham was a sated man of pleasure, who had turned to ambition as to a pastime. As he had tried to amuse himaolf witii architecture and nm- sic, with writing farces and with .seeking for tho ])hiloso])licr's stone, so he now tried toamu.se liim- sclf with a .secret negotiation and a Dutcli war. He had already, rather from fickleness and love of novelty tlian from any deep design, been faith- less to every party. At one time lie had ranked among the Cavaliers. At another time warrants had been out again.st him for maintaining a trea- sonable correspondence with the remains of the Republican party in the city. He was now again a courtier, and was eager to win the favor of tlie king. — >Iacai;i,ay'h Eno., ch. 2, p. 199 1535. DEMAGOGUE Class. Rome. Etruriawas full of Sylla's disbanded soldiers, who had S([uan- dercd their allotments, and were iianging about, imoccupied and starving. Catiline .sent down Manlius, tlieir old ofHcer, to collect as many as he could of them without attracting notice. He Jiim.self, as the election da}' approached, and Cicero's year of otHce was drawing to an end, took up the character of an aristocratic deina- gogiic, and asked for the sull'rages of the jicople as the chamiiion of the poor against the rich, as the friend of the wretched and o])pressed ; and tlio.so who ihouglit them.selves wretched and op- l)ressed in Rome were so hirge a body, and ,so bitterly liostile were they all to the prosperous classes, that liis election was anticiiiated as a certainty. In tlie Senate the consulship of Cat- iline was regarded as no less than an impending national caianiilv. — Fkoidh's C.ksak, cli. 11, p. ^1. - 1526. DEMAGOGUE, The First. Mnirxt/ifus. ]\Ieneslii('us, the son of Peteus, grandson of Or- iieus, and great-grandson of Erectheiis, is said to 1m' the lirstof mankind that undertook to be a demagogue, and by his eloquence to ingratiate himself with the iicoiile. He endeavored also to exasperate and inspire the nobilit}' with sedition, ■who had but ill borne with Theseus for some time, reflecting that ho iiad deprived every per- .son of family, of his government and command, and shut them up together in one city, where he used them as his .subjects and slaves. Among the common people he sowed disturbance by tell- ing them, that though they pleased themselves with the I. ream of libertv, in fact they wero robltedof their country a ii([ religion ; and instead of many g( od and native kings, were lorded over by one man, who was a new-comer anil a stranger. — Pi.ttaiicu's Tkkski s. 1527. DEMAGOGUE, Marks of the. If,,nrrn. The love of liiierty, or the jiassion for national freedom, is a n>>l)le, a disinterested, and a virtu- ous feeling. Where this feeling is found to pre- vail in any great degree, il is a jjroof that thu manners of that comniunity areyel i)ure and un- adulterated ; for corruiition of manners infalli- bly extinguishes the patriotic spirit. In a nation confessedly corrupted, there is oftiui found a Itrcvailing I'ry for liberty, which is heard thu loudest among the most iirotligate of the com- munity ; but let us carefully distinguisii t/idt spirit from rirtmiKH /xitriotinm. Eel us examiiio the morals, the jirivate manners of IIk; dema- gogue who iireaches forth the lo\eof liberty; remark the character and examine the lives oi those who listen with the greatest avidity to his harangues, and re-echo his vociferations ; and let this be our criterion to judge of the principlo which actuates them. — Tvti.kh's Hi.st., Book 4, ch. «. 152§. DEMONS, Origin of. S^'mi-Hnnn. A fab- ulous origin was assigned, worthy of their form and manners, that the witches ot Scythia, who, for their foul and deadly practices, Inul been driven from .society, had copulated in the desert with infernal si)irits ; and that the Huns were tho offspring of this execrable cimjunction. Tho tale, ,so full of horror and absurdity, was greed- ily embraced by the credulous hatred of tho Goths. — Giiibon's Komk, ch. 2G. 1529. DENUNCIATION, Terrible. Kiqwlam T. [Having escaped from exile at St. Elba, and been welcomed by the army and people of France, tho allied .sovereigns declared,] "lie has deprived himself of the protection of the laws. . . . Najio- leon Bonaparte has thrown himself out of all re- lations with civilized society ; and that as an enemy and disturber of the world, he has ren- dered him.self an object of public vengeance." — AiUiOTT's Napolkon B., vol. 2, ch. 20. 1530. DEPAETFEE, Mysterious. Ch'omfdcii. [Accordingto the Grecian fable, Cleomedes| was a man of gigantic size and strength ; but behav- ing in a foolish and frantic manner, he was guilty of many acts of violence. At last he went into a school, wliert! he struck tho pillar that su])ported the roof with his lists, and broki; it asunder, .so that the roof fell in and destroyed the children. Pursued for this, he took refugt! in a great chest, and having shut tlu! lid ujion him, he held it down so fast, that many men to- gether could not force it o])cn. When they had cut the chest in pieces, they could not find him cither dead or alive. Struck with this strango affair, they sent to consult tlu; oracle at Del|)hi, and had from the priestess this answer : " Tho race of heroes ends in Cleomedes." — Pi.c- TAKCii'a Cleomedes. 1531. DEPENDENCE, Needless. Yirr/inian Col- onists. They pretended to fear starvation, and in the latter part of August almost compelled Gov- ernor White to return to England for an addi- tional cargo of supplies. It was a great mistake. If White had remained, and the settlers had given i;^ 1S!> DIM'UAVITY— DESTUKS. tli('mHclvfHt()tillln^'lh('soiliui(lli\iil(liiiL'li()UNCN, IK) I'urtluT help would he needed. Wliile set sail. . . . Wlmt. Ilieir lute was lins never lieeii ascertained.— KiDi'ATii's I'. S., i li. tl, p. s:). ISJia. DEPRAVITY by Descent. .Wv,. 'riinuuli llie tradilioiis of cnielly and Ireiielierv liiid heen carried on from p'neniliou to ^ieneration, tiiey Bcein to iiave euiininated in tiie father of Nero, wlio added a tin,ii(^ of meanness and vulgarity to the liriita! manners of liisrace. His loose morals liad heen shoekini^ even to a loose; ai^c, and men told each other in disj;iist how he had cheated in liis pra'torshii) ; how he luid killed one of his frcednu'n only because he liad refused to drink lis much as he was hidden ; how he hud jau-pose- ly driven over a ]>oor hoy on the A])pian Koad ; how in a scpialihle in the Forum he had .struck ina nothin,!^ could have heen liorn Inu what was liateful, and for the public ruin. — F.vii i.Mi's Eauly Days, p. 1"). ISitfl. DEPRAVITY, Evidence of. S,t m „ ,• l Jo/iiiKun. (In conversation with iJoswell, hu .said;) With respect to orii,nnal sin, the in- quiry is not necessary ; for whatever is the cuiise of human corrui)tion, men are cvidentlv and confessedly so coiTuiU, that all the laws (Jf Ilea veil and earth are insullicient to r'.strain them from crimes. — ]Joswi;ij,'s Johnson, i). 460. 1531. DEPRECIATION, Financial. Plj/moxth Colony. At the end of tlie fourth year there were only one hundred and eighty persons in New Ii]nyland. The maiia/jers liad expected profitable returns, and were (li.sai)i)ointed. Tliev had exjiended $:54,0()() ; there was neither i)rofit nor the hope of any. ... In November, 1G27, ci,iL,'ht of the leadinn' men of Plymouth ]nirclia.se. 4*J. 1536. DERISION, Public. Rlnnof James IT. [Obadiah Walker had converted Oxford Univer- sity into a Roman Catholic .seminary.] Actors came down to Oxford. . . . Howard's Commit- tee was performed. This play, written soon after the Restoration, exhibited the Puritaus in an odious and contcm|)lib)e li;rht, and had there- fore been, during a (|uarler of a century, a fa- vorite with Oxonian audiences. It was now a greater favorite than ever ; for, by a lucky coin- cidence, one of the most conspicuous characlerH was an old hypocrite named Obadiah. The au- dience shouted with delight when, in the la scene, Obadiah was dragged in with a iialter round his neck ; and the acclamations redou- bled when one of the ])layers, departing from the written text of the comedy, ])roclaimcd that Obadiah should be hanged because he had changed his religion, '{"he king was much jiro- voke(i by this insult. — Macaii, ay's KN(i.,ch. H, p. 2(Vi. 1537. DESERTION, Imitated. To Wi/lium of OriiiKji'. [Colonel I Cornburv was soon kept in countenance by a crowd of deserters superitr to him in rank and capacity ; but during a feiv days he stood alone in his shame, and was bi*,- terly reviled by many who afterward imitatcl his example and envied his dishonoi'alile prece- dence. Among these was his own fattier. 'I'lio first outbreak of Clarendon's rage and sorrow was highly pathetic. "O (JodI" he ejaculat- ed, " that a son of mine should be a rebel !" A fortnight later he made ti]) his mind to lie a rebel himself. Yet it wcaild be unjust to ]>ronounce him a mere liy])ocrile. In revolutions men livo fast ; the experience! of years is crowded into hours ; old habits of thought and action are vio- lently broken ; novelties, which at first sight in. s|)ire dread and disgust, become in a fi'W day.'t familiar, endurable, attractive. Many men o'; far jau'er virtue and higher spirit than Claren don were jirt'iiared, before that memorable yetn" ended, to do what they would have pronounced wicked and infamous when it began. — ^Iacau- i.ay'.s Eno., ch. !», p. 404. 153§. DESERTION, Shameful. AuothnrhK. He suflcred a signal reverse of fortune. Dur- ing his absence in Africa the Sicilian States, oppressed by .Syracuse, formed a league in de- feiic'' of their liberties. Agathocles having re- cmbarked a part of his troops, with the design of cliastising this revi It, the Cartha.iiinians in the mean time reduced tlu; remainder of the Syr- acu.san army to such extremity, that even the return of their leader was insutlicient to retrieve their losses. Regarding their situativ shortened aeciirdin;; to his desire of ari'lviil. JIeiie(! iii^aiii il is evident thai distances, and consetiuently spaces, exist with the an;,'els altn- ^'ctlKT accDrdinj; to tlu; state of their ndnds. — WlIITKH SWKDKMIOIKI, p. ll'J. l.VaO. DESOLATION by Feitilence. /."iido,,. Tjookin;^ i)a(k ii|)on these times, they seem sad, l)hiek, and desolate ; th(! |)la;;iie rava^^ed the metropolis, the deaths avcraf,dn^ about live thousand ii •week. The city was empty, j^rass WUH growint; in the .street ; and Lilv, the astrol- oger, going to pravers to St. Antholin's, in Wat- ling Street, from a house over the Strand IJridge, between si.\ and seven in a summer morning of the montli of .July, testilies that so few peopl,' were then alive, and the streets so unfre(iuented lie met only three persons in tin; waj'. — Hood's CuoMWKi.i,, eh. ;5, J). M). 1511. DESPAIR of the Defeated. Am, rim h Jiirol'itioii. [Fort Washington and Fort l,ee, near New York, had been captured by the IJril- ish. Two thou.sand jirisonersand great nulitary utores .sorely needed fell into the enemy's hands."] The Hrilish pressed forward after thu retreating Ameriean.s. Washington, with Ids army now reduced to iiOOO men, crossed ili(> Pas.saic to Newark ; but (/'ornwallisand Ivuyi)liau.sen came liard after the fugitives. 'I'ho piitriots retreated to Eli/ai)ethtown, thence to New JJnmswick, thence to Princeton, and finally to Trenton on the Delaware. 'I'he British were all the tinu; in close pursuit, and tlu; music; of their bands was frecpiently heard by tlus rearguard of the Amer- ican army. Nothing l«it the consummate! skill of Waslnngton saved tho remnant of liis forces from destruction. Despair seemed settling on the country like ii pall. — Kidi'ath's U. S., cli. 39, p. 314. 1512. DESPAIR, Determination of. liumdii Emperor AmrUniK He there experienced that tho most absolute power is a weak defence against the efTects of despair. He* had threaten- ed one of his secretaries who was accused of ex- tortion ; and it was known that ho seldom threat- ened in vain. Tho last liopo which remained for tho crinunal was to involve some of the principal otlicers of tho army in his danger, or at least in his fears. Artfully counterfeiting his master's hand, he .showed them, in a long and bloody list, their own names devoted to death. Without suspecting or exanuning the fraud, they resolved to .secure their lives b\' the nuirder of the emiieror. [They assassinated him.] — Giimson's IIo.mh, eh. 11. 1513. DESPERATION in Battle. I'lrxinn.'^. [Khaled, u Jlohammedan general, inarched with 2t),0()0 men against Harmouz, a vassal of the Persian king. | Tho battle commenced ])y a chivalrous duel, in view of both cami)s, l)y'the two generals. Harmouz, slain in tho combat by Klialed, left his army witliout a general. Tho Persians, decided cither to die or vanquish, had chained themselves to ono another by the legs, so as to de])rive themselves l)oforehand of tho means of flight. They perished in a body beneath the swords and arrows of tlie Arabs.— Lamaktink's Tukkkv, ]). 162. 1544. DESPERATION, Final. lUind Kin;/ John. Tho King of Bohemia, who was nearly blind told his nx-n to lead 1dm so far forward that he nught strike one stroke with lii^ sword ; and they all tied the reiiisof their bridhseach to the other, that they should not lose hiin in tho jiress ; and they were all slain, the king in tho nddst. — KNKiii'r'rt K.no., vol. 1, ch. !t(), p. -KW. 1545. DESPERATION, Scheme in. Monarrh- ii'iil. Thonnis Wentworth, successively created Lord AVentworth and Farlof Sirall'or 1, a man of great abilities, el(i(|iH'nce, and courage, but of ii cruel and imi)erious nature, was thi; counsellor most trusted in political and nulitary alt'airs. Ho . . . formed a vast and deeiily-meditated scheme, which very neaily confounded even the al>le tac- tics of the statesmen l)y whom the House of ( 'oni- mons had bci n directed. 'I'o this scheme, in his contidential correspondence, he gav(! the ex|)res- sivo nameof 'i'liorough. His object wastodoin Kngland all, and mon? than all, that Uichelieu was doingin France ; to make Chai'lesa monarch as absolute as any on the Continent ; to '>ut tho estates and tliei)ersonal lilierty of the whole jm'o- l)le at th(! disposal of the Crown ; to deprive th(! courts of law of all indejiendent authority, even in onlinary (picstions of civil right between man and man, and to puidsh with merciless rigor all who murmured. — ^fACAn.Av's K.no., ch. 1, p. SI. 1546. DESPOTISM, Revival of. CtvdiiHtnVul. SI I/. Tli(! ten years which follow the fall of Wol- sey are among t\w most momentous in our his- tory. The monarchy at last realized its ]iower, and the work for which Wolsey had paved tho way was carrii d out with a terrible thoroughness. The one great institution which could still olTer icsistance to tho royal will Avas struck down. The church became a mere instrument of tho cet:tral despotisn\. The i)eopl(' learned their help- lessness in rebellions easily su|)pressed luid aveng- ed with ruthless severity. A reign of terror, or- gatiized with consummate and merciless skill, held England i)anic-stricken at Henry's feet. The noblest heads r. lied from the block. Virtue! and learning could notsav(' Thomas More ; royal descent could not .save l^ady Salisbury. The p\it- ting away of ono (pieen, the execution of anoth- er, taught England that nothing was too high for Henr}''s " courage" or too sacred for Ins " appetite." Parliament assendiled only to sanc- tion arts of unscrupulous tyranny or to l)uil(l up by its own statutes the fabric of absolute rule. All the constitutional safeguards of English free- dom wero swept away. Arbitrary taxation, ar- bitary legislation, arbitrary imprisonment, wen; ]iowers claimed without dispute and unsparingly used by tho Crown. — Ylsa. PkoI'LE, § Sr),!. 1547. DESTINY, Unavoidat o. Kopuhon T. [At the battle of Friedlanr was si'uinl on III) CI. liiii-ncc ; on ciicii nl' the tour siilcs llic lofty roof wii.s Hiipporlcd hy littccii iniissy col- uiiiiH, sixteen feet, ill circiimtViciicc ; iiml llic Imi'ljc stones of wliicli they were <'onipoM'd were firmly ceineiitcd with leiiii and iron. The force of the stroiiiicsl iind shiirpest tools hail lieeii tried ■without clfect. It WHS found necessary to iiiidc''- inine till- foundations of the coiunins, whicli fell down as soon as the teiiiporarv uoodeii props had lieeu coiisiiined willi lire. — 'liniiu.N's |{omi;, eh. as. 15 1». DESTRUCTION of Empiro. /W// -;/■ Uoiiii'. 'I'he decline and lull of Koine is tlie /,n'eatest event, in history ll occupied a larj^er j)ortion of tin; earth .s sui I'lice, it atl'ected the IIncs and forliines of ii lari^er iiiiniher of huniaii lie liiiTs, than any other revolution on record. For it WHS essentially one, ihouirh it took centuries to consuinniate, and llioii,i;h il liad for its tlicaire thecivili/.ed world, ({reatcvoludons and calas- trojihes happened before it, and i.ave liap|iened Hince, hut iiothiiii; wliich can conioan; willi it in volunie and mere physical size. Nor was it less morally. The deslrii ■tioii of Uoiik; was not only 11 destruction of an empire, it was the; destruc- tion of 11 Jihase of human thoui;ht, of a .system of human helii'fs, of morals, politics, civilization, as all these had existed in tlu; world for ai;es. The drama is soviist, the catael^'sm so appalling;, that even at this day we are liardl}- removed from it far euou;;li to talic it fully in. The mind Is op])ressed, tlie imagiiiiition flails under the load imi)osed upon it. TlK!cai)tur(! and sack of il town one can fairly conceivi! : the massacre, oiitraLTi , the tlaiuin,' War last- ing five Imndred years? — Moiiiuson's Giiiiion, ch. 7. 1530. DE8TBUCTI0N, Terrible. Ciiiihriuns. [Cains .Marius defeated tlie ( 'imlirians, who en- deavored to escape liy tliglit. | The Komans drove hack the fugitives to tiieir cam]), wlien^ they found the most shocking s|)ecta(ile. The women standing in mourning liy tiieir carriages killed those that tied ; .soiik' ilieir liusliands, .some tiieir lirothers, others their fathers. They strangled their little ciiildren witli their own hands, and tlirew them under the wheels and horses' feet. Last of all, tliey killeil tlieniselves. They tell us of onc' that was seen slung from the lopof a wagon, witlui child hanging at each lieel. The men, for want of trees, tied them.selvesliy the neck, some to the horns of o.xen, others to their legs, and then jiricked tliem on ; that liy tlu! start- ing of the heasts they might he strangled or torn to jiieces. IJut tlioughlhey were so industrious to destroy themselves, above 00, ()()() were taken pri.soners. — Pi,LT.\ucit'8 Caics M.\kus. 1531. DETAILS, Importance of. MiUtury. There were no stores sent from Italy to supply the daily waste of material. The men had to mend and perhap.s make their own clothes and .shoes, and repair their own arm.s. Skill in the use of tools was not enotigh without the tools tbem.selves. Had the spades and mattocks been supplied by contriict, had the axes 1)(>(>ii of Hoft iron, fair to the eye and failing to the stroke, not a man in Ca'sar's army would hii\(' returned to itollle to tell the tale of its destruction. Mow the legionaries aci|uired these various arts, whether the Italian peasantry were generally educated in sucli occupations, or whether on this occasion there was a special .selection of the best, of this we hii,\u no int'ormatinii. — Fuori)i;'s (',i;s.\u, ch. I33ij. DETtCTIVE, Hftrnde««. lioluvt Ihirtis. [He was an excise olllccr. | Sniugirling was then coinnion Ihroui^'hout Scotland, both in the slia|ie of brewing and of selling beer and whiskey witli- lait license. Ihirns look a serious yet liumaiK! view of Ills duty. To the regular smuggler he is said to have been severe ; to the country folk, farmers, or cotters, who sometimes tninsgre.s.sed, he teiniicrcd justice with mercy. i^Iany stories are told of his leniency to these last. At Thorn- hill, on a fair day, he was seen to call at the door of a poor woman who for the day was doing a little illicit business on her own account. A nod and a movement of the foretlnger brought the Woman to the doorway. " Kat(>, are you mad ? Don't you know that the supervisor and I wil' be in upon you in forty minutes ?" Hums at once di.sa|)p<'ared among the crowd, and the ])oor woman was saved a heavy line. — SiiAiUf's JJiiiNs, ch. .'). I53:i. DETECTI"VE, A stupid. Coloiid Jdvie- umi. ^Major Andre [tliespvj passed the American outposts in .safely ; hut at^larrytown, twenty-five miles from the city, he was suddenly confronted bv tlirei! militia men, who strippe(r him, found his papers, and rivateof ]irotection and favor, i)io- vided they would return to their iirovince, and dis])o.se their countrymen to arm in supi>ort of a ]iowerful l)arty, which, he allirmed, would soon liave the command of the reiiiiblic. Of this ne- gotiation Cicero received intelligence. The con- sul, with intinite ])riidciice, instructed his infor- mant to encourage the correspondenee between Lentiilus and the ambassadors, and to urge tin; latter tf) demand from Lentiilus a list of the names of all his jiartisaiis, in order to show to their countrymen the number and jiower of those friends on whose protection they might depend, if they armed in siijiportof tliis great revolution in the State. Lentiilus fell into the snare that was laid for him. He gave a list of the names of all concerned in the conspiracy of Catiline to the ambassadors, who, sotting out upon their jour- ney, were waylaid, and their despatches seized by order of the consul. Cicero had now in his hands the mo.st complete evidence against the whole of the conspirators. Assembling the Sen DKTKUM I NATION. 185 I nU\ \\o. pnxliK'pd first tlu! written cvldoiirc, con- siMtlng of l|M>riitinii of lliii (lilt'crriil Icmlrrs in llicir ilistinci (IciMirtiiifiitH of Ilic plot. 'I'hc (Icpuiifs of ilic Allol)roL''i'H were proiliK'i'il hcforc I lie Sniiitc, iinil iimiloiiii • (Idciiiiuuls. — Tvri.Kii'H lliwr., Hook l, (■!i. I. ^1.15. DETEKKINATION asMrted. Sironl. \V(; arc tiilil that a ('ciiliirioii wlioiii ( 'a'sar liad Hcnt to Ikoiiii!, waitin^r at Ww. door of tin; .Sciiatc- lioiiMC for the rcHiiltof Ilic dclilM'ratiotiM, aii I lie- in^ inforincd tliatllu' Scnali; would not ;,dv(' Ca'- t^ara Ioniser term in Ids coniininMion, laid liisliand upon his sword, and said, " Jlul this shall nivi; it." — I'm TAUOIIH C-«HAIl. I.t^fl. DETEBMINATIOir, Emphatio. Bollnt. fVVIicn the I'crsians had invaded (Jrcccc, and the iillics h;id evaded ii eontliet hy renioviiiif their eanip,] Ainompiiaretus, an intre|)id man, who liad loiiif heen ea^fr to enga^'e, and uneasy to sei- fh(! battle so often ])iit oli and delayed, plainly called this deeainpnient a dis<;;raceful liiirht, and declared lie would not ((iiil his post, liiit re- main then; with his tro()|)s, and stand it out a;;ainst Mardoniiis. And when I'ausanias rep- resented to him that this meivsuro was taken in ))iirsuanee of the counsel and determination of the confederates, he took up a larjfe stone with lioth his liand.s, and throwin;^ it at Piiusaniius' feet, said, " This is my ballot for a battle ; and I despise the timid counsels and resolves of others." — P|,1:T.\RI;II's AllIHTtDKH. 15*y. DETERMINATION, Fixed. Joan of Arc. It was in vain that her father, when he heard her purpose, swore to drown her en; she should fro to the tli-ld with men at arms. It was in vain that tliei)riest, the wise pe()])leoi' the vil- la;je, the captain of Vaucouh'iirs, doubted and renised to aid her. " I must ijo to the kiiii,'," jtersi.sted the peasant girl, "even if I wear my limbs to the very knees. I had far rather rest :in(l spin by my mother's side," she pleaded, with a touchini; pathos, " for this is no work of my ( hoosiri!,'' ; but I must go and do it, for my Lord wills it." "And who," they asked, "is your Ijord ? ' "Ho is God." Words such as these touched the rough C'ai)tain at last ; he took Jeanne by the hand, and swore to lead her to the king. — En(>. Pkoi'i,i:, ^ 425). I«5S. DETERMINATION, Obstinate, F^rutrh PiYK/ii/tc riling. Persecution, they said, could only kill the body, but the black iiididgence was dead- ly to the soul. Driven from the towns, they as- sembled on heaths and nio.intains. Attacked by the civil power, they ■without scruple reiK'Hed force by force. At every conventicle they nuis- tered in arms. They repeatedly broke out into open rebellion. They were easily defeated, and mercilessly punished ; but neither defeat nor pun- ishment could subdue their sjiirit. Hunted down like wild beasts, tortured till their bones were beaten flat, imprisoned by hundreds, hanged by scores, exposed at one time to the license of sol- diers from England, abandoned at another time to the mercy of bands of marauders from the Highlands, they still stood at bay in a mood so savage that the boldest and mightiest oppressor could not but dread the audacity of their despair. — .M.V( Ai i,.vv's K.No,. ch. "J, |). 171. lAAO. DETERMINATION, Stranpre. Joan of A ■<•. Orleans had already been diiveii by fam- ine to olTi'rs of surrender when .leanne appearei'. ill the Ficnili court, and a .orce was gathering, under the Count of l>iiiiois, at iilois, for a tinal ctfort lit its relief. It WHS at the head of thin force that .Jeanne placed licrHcIf, The girl was in her eighteemh \ iir, tall, tlnely formed, with all the vigor and activity of her iicMsant rearing, able to stay from dawn till nigiitfiill on horse- back without meat or drink. As s' e mounted her charger, clad in white armor from head to foot, with a great white banner stiiddi'd with tlciir-de lis wa\ iiig over her head, she seemed " ii tiling wholly divine, whether to see or hear." The ll),(M)(> men at arms who followed her from Hlois — rough plunderers, whose only firayerwie* tliatof I.a llire, "Sire Dieii. I pray you totlofor La llire what La llire would do for you wero you captain at arms and he (lod" — left olT their oatiisand foul living at her word, and gathered round the altarson their march. . . . The peopio crowded round hcra-sshe rode along, praying her to work miracles, and bringing crosses and cliaiv lets to 1m^ blessed by her touch. " Touch th(!iii. yourself," slui .said to an old dame, Margaret; " your touch will bi^ just as good as mine." Hut her faith in her mission remained asfirm asever. " The maid prays and rc(|uir''s you," .she wrote to IJi'dford, " to work no more distriu'tion in France, but to come in her company to rescue the Holy Sepulchre from the Turk." " I bring you," she told Duiiois, when he sallied out of Orleans to meet her after her two days' march from lilois — " I bring you tin; best aid ever .sent to any one — theaid of the King of heaven." The besiegers looked on overawed as she entered Orleans, and, riding round the walls, bade the peopU' shake otT the fear of tlu^ forts which sur- rounded them. — Hist, oi-' En«i. Peoim.k, i^ 4'M. 1560. DETERMINATION for Bnoceu. " Win M.H Spurn." [At the battle of (.'res.sy, in i;J4«,| wlieii the battle was at its hottest, a knight came to the king [Edward III.] and said tliat War- wick and O.xford and the Prince of Wales [the king's son, the Black Prince] wi;re tiercely fought withal, and were .sore handled, and they desired aid from him and his men. Tlun the king asked if his son were dead or hurl, or felled to the earth ; and the knight answered, " No." " Say, then, to them that sent you," replied the king, " that they sutrer him this day to win his spurs, and ask me not for aid while my son is alive."--KNi(iirr'H Kn(i., vol. l,cli. 30, ji. 4GL 1561. DETERMINATION, Vow of. Philip oj Vniiirc. The easy reduction of Normandy on the fall of Cliateau (iaillard at a later time proved Uicliard's foresight ; but foresight and .sigacity were mingled in him with a brutal vio- lence and a callous iiulillereiice to honor. " I would take it were its walls of iron !" Philip exclaimed in wrath as he saw the fortress ri.se. " I would hold it were its walls of butter," was the defiant answer of his foe. It was church land. and the Archbishop of Uoucii laid Normandy under interdict at its S2i/ure ; but the king met the interdict with mockery, and iatrigued with Rome till the censure was withdrawn. lie was just as defiant of a " rain of blood," whose fall l.S({ DKTKUMINATION-DKVOTION. Hcur(!m (hn. One (liiy lie wus iiliiyiiii; iil dice with oilier l)oys ill the si reel ; iiimI wlien it cuiiu? loliis I urn lo llirow II loiiiled wiij^riin ciime up. Al llrsi he ciiMed to llie driver lo >to|i, hecause hi! wits lo throw In ilie wiiy over wliich the wiiK<'ii wus to l>a.ss. The ruslie di.srei,nirdiM>.c hlin mid drivlnj: on, the other hoys liroke iiwiiy ; liiit Alcihiiides threw hlniseir upon his face directly liel'oie the wa;,'on, and .strelchlnir hlniNelf out, hade the fel low ilrivo on If he pjea.sed. Ipoii this he was HO startled that he slopped his horses, while th().s() that saw It ran up to him with lerror.— I'l.UTAIlCIIH Al.Cllll.VDKrt. 1503. DETESTATION, Courage under. Cn>„i iri'H. Nuniherless little coteries ol' hissiiijr snakes and slippery eels were wrlj^gling and twisting toward desired eminence. As we have said, Cromwi^II n(!ver was a reiiuhllcan — less .so now tiian over. Shouts of " I'surper !" " Tyrant I" "Traitor!" " Deceivr !" from other fi'iclions ; " Detestablo wretch !" " Murderer I" were met by tho calm lighlnln;^ of that deep, clear gray (•ye. " Vi'ry likely, gentlemen ; just as you IMease, about all such pleasant ciiitliels. Mean- time, distinctly understand that I am hero soini how or other. I havi; .some notion that I liavit been put hero by tho Eternal (tod, who raiHolli up and casteth down. Noblo natures, you will plea.se to undorsland that I am ruler hen! to .save yo\i from clammy eels or hissing Hnakcs ; and vou, Messieurs Kels and Snakes, ])ut yourselves into the smallest compass, if you i)lea.se, or, by that Eternal (j}od that sent iiic, so much Ww worse for you !" — lloou's C'lioMWEi.i., ch. 18, p. 240. 1561. DETESTATION, Public. Kutrophiim. [Till! ounuch and minister of the Emperor Ar- cadius, in tho last period of Itonian history.] Seouro as he now imagined liimsclf in tho favor of his sovereign, and defended by the terror of his own uncontrolled authority, thisbas(! eunuch end(!avored to (engross tho whole jMiwer of tlu; government, lie cau.vd the weak Arcadius to create hlin a patrician, to honor him with the title of fatlu')' U> the nnpcror, and at length to confer on him tho consulship. His imago, i)re- cedod by the fasces, was carried in triumph through all the cities of the Ea.st, but was more generally saluted with hissing than wiih ap- plausi!. — TvTi.Kii'rt lIiHT. , IJook T), ch. .'5. 1565. DEVELOPMENT, Social. Lmihnrds. So rapid was tlu; inlluenct; of climate and exam- ple, that tho Lombards of the fourth generation surveyed with curiosity' and alTriglit the ))ortraits of tiioir savage forefathers. Their heads were .shaven behind, but the shaggy locks hung ()ver their eyes and mouth, and a long beard rejiro- sented the name and character of the nation. Their dress consisted of loose linen garments, after the fa.shion of the Anglo-Saxons, which ■were decorated, in their opinion, with broad stripes of variegated colors. — Giubon's Ro.mk, ch. 4.5. 1566. DEVIL, Casting out the. Bunynn. An ale-hou.se keeper in the neighborhood of Elstow had a son who waM lialf-witted. The fa* vorlte ainiisi ment, when a party wum collected drinking, was for the father to provoke the lad's temper, and for the lail to curse his father nrid wish the devil had him. Thede\ll at last did have the ale house keeper, miiiI rent and tore him till he died. " I," says Mun,\iin, 'was eye and ear witness of what f here say. ... I saw him in one of his Ills, and saw Ids tiesli, as it wiM thought, gathered up In a heiipaboiit the bigness of half an egg, to the wnutteralile torture and af- lllction of the old man. There was also one Freeman, who was more than an ordinarv doc- tor, sent for to cast out the devil, and \ was tlier(> when he attemiited to do it. 'i'he manner whereof was this. 'I hey had the possessed in an lutroom, and laid him upon his belly upon a form, with his head hanging dewn over tliu form's enil. Then they bound liiin down thereto, which done, they set a |)an of coals under his mouth, and put something therein which made a great smoke — by this means, as it was said, to fetch out the devil. There they kejit tho man till he was almost smothered in the smoke, but no devil came out of him, at which Freeman was somewhat abashed. — Fiioi dk'h Hi,.nyan, ch. 1. 1567. DEVILS teited. IhiHion Dmnml. Cotton Mather . . . invited her to his house ; and tho artful girl easily imposed on his credulity. Tho devil would permit her tcread in t^uaker book , or th(- Comnion ''layer, or Pojiisli Inxiks ; but a jirayer from C'otcon Mather or a chapter from the Bible would throw her into convulsions. Hy a series of exi)eriinents, In reading aloud jtas- sagcs from tho lUblo in various languages, tho minister satistied himself, " by trials of their ca- |)aeity," that devils are well skilled in languages, and understand liittin, and (Jreek, and even Hebrew, tliough he fell " upon one inferior Ind- ian language, which the demons did not seem .so well to understand." Exiieriments were made, with uneciual success, lo see if devils can know tin- thoughts of others ; and the inference was that "all devils are not alike sagacious." — Ban- cuokt's U. S., vol. H, ch. 19. 156K. DEVOTION, Absolute. Mohammedan. [After one of Mahomet's unsuccessful battles, OIK- of \\w women encountered the vanquishei army returning to Medina. "Where is my fa- ther V" asked she of the soldiers. " He is slain," was tlu; reply. " And my husband?" "Slain also." " Aiid my son '/" "Slain with them," said they. " But Mahomet'/" " Here is he, alive," replied the warriors. " Very well," said she, aj)o.stroi)hi/.ing the i)roi)liet, " since thou livest still, all our misfortunes are as nothing!" — La.makti.nk's Tuukkv, p. 117. 156». DEVOTION, Commendable. St. Am- liroKe. Amliro.se had devoted his life and his abilities to the .service of the church. Wealth was the object of his contempt ; he had re- nounced his i>rivate patrimony ; and he sold, without hesitation, the consecrated ])late for the redemption of captives. The clergy and people of Milan were attached to their arclibi.shoi) ; and he deserved tho esteem, without "oliciting tho favor, or apprehending the displeasure, of his feeble .sovereigns. — Gihbon'h Ho.mk, ch. 27. 1570. DEVOTION, Entire, h'eo. Thorn an Coir The first Protestant bishop in the Western Hem- DEVOTIOX-DIFIMCl l/riKS. IH? Isplicri' cxiiciidrd liU lar^'c |mtr1ni(inl)il refute on IiIh inisHloiis mid cIuiimIm, Id' wmh niiirri'd twice; lioHi h\x wivi's wirt- liki' iniiidi'd wiin IdiDHt'lf, and liolli liad t'oiiHidcraljIc fortunes. wlilcli wrrc lined like Ids own. ... It Isdoiildlul wlii'thcr any I'loic'tanI of his day conlrilnitfd more from Ids own property for the spn-ail of ,:u'(}oMpcl, . . . Flying. diirinj,' nearly forty years, over Kii>rlaiid, Seotland, Wales, and Irelanil ; erosslnjr tlie Atlantic eivrhteen times; Iraversinj; the I'liiled Slates and the West Indies ; the foiimler of Mi'thodi>' ndssioiis in the Went In dies. In Africa, and in Asia ; in Kiijfland, Wales and Ireland ; the founder of its first Tract Soci ety ; . . . he has lieen pronounced " the ftreatest man of the last century,' in " lahorsand services ana minister of Christ." | lie died while on his ]uiMsaKe to India as a missionary, K'*'*'^ >d his own e.\peiise, at the aire of sixty seven. J—Stk- v|';ns' Mi;i iKiDisM vol. IJ, p. UtO. I AT I. DEVOTION, Mlniitarlal. T/ionuis l.n a Methodist itinerant under Wt.sleyJ was in Hated at I'atcley Hridt'c into the common |ot(.f Methodist evan;r''li',nnirds, who lost, in that pi' usotllce, the use(ortable apparatus for preparing it. On arriving at a town la; would sit ii. Ids carriage and dine upon tea and biscuit, but send his .serva it to the inn to get a good dinner. — ('vc'i.oi'KDI.v ok Huxi., p. 40. 1577. DIFFICCLTIE8, Firmneii amid. Em- pivor (!litii. 1579. DIFFICULTIES overcome Tii/ionr. [Invasion of hulia. ] JJctwcen the Jihoon and the Iiulus they crossed one; of the ridf^es of the ii.ountains .vhii!) are styled by the Arabian ^eojirai)hcrslhe Stony Girdles of the earth. Tht; li(ii;idand rol)bers were subdued or e.vtirpated ; bill fjreat numbers of men and hor.svs perisiied in the .snow ; the emperor himself was let down a precipice on a portable scalTold — the rojK's were one Inuidred and fifty cubits in len.i;;th ; and be- fore he could reach the bottom, this dangerous operation was five times repeated. — Gmuion's lioMK, eh. ()"). 15§0. . Knjwlfo) T. [When cross- ing the .Vlps with his armyj two skilful engi- neers had been sent to explore the path, and to do wliatcver could be done in the removal of obstructions: They returned with an ai>palling j-< cital of the apparently insurmountable (litHcul- ties of the way. "Is it jwmhie," iiapiired Na- jhileon, "to cro.ss the pa.ss ?"' "Perhaps," was the hesitating rejily ; " it is within the limits of jumibility." "iorward, then," was the ener- getic response. — Abuutt'sN.U'OLKonB., vol. 1, ch. 1!) I5S1. DIFFICULTIES removed. Gordium Kiuit. [When Alexander tlu! Great took] Gor- dium, which is .^aid to have been the seat of the ancient Midas, ho found the famous chariot, fastened with cords, made of the bark of the cornel tree, and was informed of a tradition, firmly l)elieved ih among the barbarians, that the Fates !iad decreed the empire of the world to the man who should untie the knot. Most hi.storians Kay that it was twisted .so many ])rivate ways, and till! ends so artfully concealed within, that Alexander, finding he could not untie it, cut it asuni'.er with his sword, and so made many ends instead of two. — Plut.\i:cii's Ai,i;x.\ndeu. 1582. DIGNITAEIES multiplied. Yivqiida Colouii. ( )n the 23d of .May, Hid!), King .James, "without c(li of Ilapsburg. It may b(^ conceived that it should l>e somewhat humiliating to [Ottocurus II.] the King of Bohemia, who was one of the proudest jirinces of his lime, to Ind the master of his household elevated to the rank of his sov- ereign, and as such entitled to exact liomag(! from his dominions of Bohemia AVhen tliia de- mand was made by tlie heralds of the new em- peror, [Ottocarus II.] indignantly replied, "Go tell your master that I owe him nothing, for I have paid him his wages.". .. Rodolph instantly declared war against him, and in one campaign doi)rived him ot Austria, Stiria, and Carniola. . . . DIGNITY— DIPLOMACY ISU He now lU'tniaintodtlio kin^of Hohcmia tlmf liis (lij^nity as ciniH-ror pos'tivcly rciniircil tlial lie, the k'n;^, should ])crtorin liomnfic as his vassal. Otiocariis II. was ohlijrt'd to sulaiiit ; liiil he rc- • luircd, as a roiidilioii, that the hoiuaL'c should 1m' i)rivat('ly pciionucd iuthe ciuperor'slciii, and licfon? tiu: olliccis ol' the cnijtirt' alone. On the (lay appointed, he rci)air('d in his rolics of slate to the eaiup of the emperor, who chose on that oecasion to he dollied in tho ])laiiiest a])pan'l. When Oltocarus was on his knees ix't'ore Ho- dolpli, the eurtaiiis of the tent wen- drawn up, and the Kin;; of lioheniia was e.\liil)ited in that attitude to tli(! whole in)i)erial army, 'i'his ])ro- voked the kinjj to thf^ highest pileii of indiifua- tion. l?e immediately renounced liisalle^riance, and declared war asiiinf^t the emperor, in hopes of recovering; his dominions of Austria ; hut in Ids lirst battle he was defeated and slain. — — Tyti.icu'h Hist.. Hook (J, ch. 11. 15SS. DIGNITY preserved. Poni.o. [Alexan- der invaded India and defeated Porus, one of its ]irinces.] The captive prince beinj; hroujrht into the presence of his conqueror, Alexander ;rener- ously prai.sed liim for the courage and ability he ]iad disiilayed, and concluiled by asking him in what manner he wished and expected to be treat- ed. " As It king," said Porus. Struck with the magnanimity of this answer, Alexander declared lie shoidd not Ikj frustrated of his wishes ; lor from that moment he should regard him as a sovereign prince and think himself honored by his friendship and alliance. ... He added to the kingdom of Porus some of the adjoining l)rovinces. — Tyti.ku's Hist., Book 2, di. 4. 15S9. DIGNITY, Regard for. Ocorf/e U7m//- itigUm. A.i). 1T70. [In July Lord Ilowe arrived at New York commissioned to paciticate the col- onists.] The ])erson with whom he m(>st wished to eomniiuiicate was the American commander- in-chief. On the second day after hisarri' al he Rent a while flag up the harbor, with 'i copy of Ids declaration enclosed in a letter addressed to AVa.shington as a private man. But Washington (tecline(l to receive the conununication. Lord ilowe was grieved at the rebuff ; in the .judg- mentoi Congress, W^a.shington " acted with dig- i'ity becoming his station." — B.xxcuoi'x's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 1.' 1500. . Lnciilliis. [Once when Lncullus wa.s to] sup alone, and .-law but one ta- ble and a very moderate provision, he called the servant who 'h.".d the care of tliese matters, and exprcjs^sed his dissatisfaction. The servant siiicl he thought, as nobody was invited, his master would not want an expensive .supper. ' ' What," said he, " didst thou not know that this evening Lucullus sups with Lucullus ?" — Plltakcii'b LUCULI,US. 1591. DILEMMA decided. Marcia. Commo- dus fought as a common gladiator in the circus, and his favorite epithet was that of the Roman Hercules, which is still to be seen upon his coins and medals. His wliole conduct was equally odious and contemptible, and the public meas- ures of his reign consist of nothing but tlie de- tection of some conspiracies which the hatred of his mibjects and his own cruelty and inhumanity could no'u fail to excite. One conspiracy, at lengtli, delivered tlie empire of its tyrant. His concubine Marcia, his chamberlain, and the com- mander of his guard had ventured to remon- strate wilh him on the indecency of an emperor displaying himself as a coudialant in the public games. This was an olTence which could not bo forgiven, and he accordingly dclerniined their immediate destruction. Marcia found the list of his intended victims wrillen in his own hand. She mad(! haste to anlicii)ate his purpose, ami caused this worthless and inglorious wretch lobe; strangU'd, in the Ihirly-second year of his agi; and the thirteenth of his reign. — Tvtlku's Hist., Book .">, ch. 2. 1502. DINNEE, Bad. Sa mud Johnson. At the inn where we stoi)])ed lie was ex>'eedingly dis.satisfied with some roast mutton which he had for dinner. The ladies, I saw, wondered to see the gix'at philosopher, who.se wisdom and wit they had been admiring all the way, get iiitoMl- humor from suchacau.se. Ht^ scolded the wait* er, saying, " It is as bad as bad can be ; it is iH- fed, ill-killed, ill-kept, and ill-dressed." — Bo^s- wki,t/s Johnson, p. 51i>. 1503. DINNER, Waiting. Sinnnl JohiiKoii. One of the compaiu' not iK'ing come at the ap- pointed hour, I ]>ropo.sed, as usual upon such oc- casions, to order dinner to be .served, addin.i;, " Ought six jieojile to be kept waiting for one "" " AVhy, yes," answered Johnson, with a delica'« humanity, " if the one will sidl'er moic by your sitting down than the six willilo by waiting. "-- Bohwkll's Johnson, p. l(5;i. 1504. DIPLOMACY, Effect of. Ihlun of Chnrl-m II. Sunderland was Secretary of Slate. In this man the political immorality of his age was per- sonified in the most lively manner. Nature had given him a keen understanding, a restless and nnschicvous tctnper, a cold heart, and an abject .spirit. His mind had undergone a training by which all his vices had been nursed u\> to the rankest maturity. At his entrance' into pid;lic life he had pa.s.sed several years in diplomatic posts abroad, and had been, during some time, minister in France. P^very calling has its jjecul- iar temptations. There is no iujiistice in saying that diphmiatists, as a class, have alway:^ been more distinguished by their address, by the art Avitli which they win the contidence of those with whom they have to deal, and by the ease with which thej' catch the tone of every society into which they are admitted, than by generous en- thusiasm or austere rectitude ; and the relations between Charles and Louis were .such that no English nobleman could long reside in France as envoy and retain any patriotic or honorable sen- timent. Sunderland came forth from the bad school in whicli he had been brought up, cun- ning, supple, .shameless, free from all preju- dices, and destitute of all principles. — .M.vc.vl- iav'h Eng., ch. 2. 1505. DIPLOMAOY, Expensive. Bnt/.i/i. [In 1862] the ports of the Stmthcrn States were . . . so clo.sely blockaded that war-vessels could no longer be .sent abroad. In this emergency tlu^ Confederates turned t« the .ship-yards of Great Britain, and from tliat vantage-ground began to build and equip their cnusers. In spite of the remon.strances of the United States, the Briti.sh Government connived at this proceeding ; and here was laid the foundation of aditHculty which afterward cost the treasury of England *ir),0(X) - 000. [The award of a court of arMlration for T.tO DIPLOMACY— DISAPPOINTMENT. tliinidgos to Aiiu'ricaii coninuTcc.] — IIidpath'h U. S.,(h. «6, p. nXi. 1 596. DIPLOMACY of Falsehood. Qurai Eliza- hcth. Iliid Kli/.alM'th wrillcii the story of her rciirn slie would have jiridcd herself, not on the trinniph of England or the ruin of Si)ain, but on the skill with which .she had hoodwinked and outwitted every i.tatesnian in Eurojje during lifty years. Nothing is more revolting, hut nothing is inorerharaeteristie, of thecjueen than lier shame- less mendacity. It was an age of i)oliti('al lying ; but in the i)rofusion and reeklessness of her lies Elizabeth stood without a peer in Christerdom. A falsehood was to her simply an intellectual means of meeting a dltlictdtv ; and the ease with Avhich she a.s.sertedor denied whatever suited hei jtarpose was only ecjualled In' the cynical iiidilTer- t'lice with which she mei the exposure of her lies US soon as their purpose was answered. Her trickery, in fact, had its political vaUu!. Ig- noble and wearisome as the (pieen's diplomacy wems to us now, tracking it as wv do through a thousand despatches, it succeeded in its main f.id, for it gained time, and every year that was gained c'oubled Elizabeth's strength. — Hist. Ob' Eng. Peoim.i;, ij TIC. 1507. DIPLOMACY. Game of. Coiircolment. [In 1(597 Boutlers, one .)f the marshals of France, asked his sovereign's permission to meet Port- land, the contidential friend and adviser of Will- if.m III., at a point midway between the two ar- n ies of Britain and France, for private conver- .sntion respecting the possibility of n peace. Louis con.sented, adding this stiggestion,] "He was to speak as little as possil)le, and to draw fiom Portland all he could." — Kmoiit's Eng., V j1. T), ch. 13, p. 198. 159i. DIPLOMACY, Inscrutable. Bimiarck. When he was ambas.sador at Frankfort . . . he saw, with the clearnes.s of an honest mind, all the humbug of what is called diplomacy. He gives a humorous account of the manner in wlich he and his fellow -diplomatists "worried them- selves with their important nothings." " No- body," he wrote, " not even the mo.st malicious sceptic of a Democrat, believes what quackery nnd self-importance there is in this diplomatizing. ... I am making enormous progress in the art of saying nothing in a great man^ words. I "write reports of many sheets, which read as tersely and roundly as leading articles ; and if the ndnister can say what there is in them, after lie has read them, he can do more than I can." — Cyclopedi.v ok BioG., p. 6;M. 1599. DIPLOMACY, Revengeful. French. The French king [Louis XV.] would never have agreed to tlu; treatj- of 17(53, by which Canada A\as ceded to Great Britain, had it not been witli the hope of securing American inilependence. Ir was tlu! theory of France that by giving up Canada on the north the f>nglish cofonics would Iwconie so strong as to n ounce their allegiance to the Crown. Englan feared such a result. More than once it was ]v |.o.sed in Parliament to re-cede Canada to Frai ■ in order to check the growth of the American States. " There now," sjiid a French statesman, when the treaty of 17(53 was signed, " we have arranged matters for an American rebellion, in which England will lose her empire in the West." — IIidpatii's U. S., ch. 37. p. 286. 1600. DIPLOMACY, Trained to. John Quincy Ai/iniiM. The new President was inaugurated on tile 4th of March, 1825. He wasamun of the highest attainments in literature and statesman- ship. At tli(! age of eleven years he accompa- nied his father, John Adams, to Europe. At Paris, at Amsterihim, and St. Petersburg the son continued his studies, and at the same time became ,.c(iuaiiited with the manners and politics of the old world. The vast oppf)rtunities of his youth were improved to the fullest extent. In his riper years he served his country as ambas- sador to the Netherlands, Portugal, Pru.ssia, Russia, and P^ngiand. Such were liis abilities in thefiehl of diplomacy as to elicit from Washing- ton the extraordinary prai.se of lieing the ablest minister of which America could boast. His life from 17))4 till 1817 was devoted almost wholly to diplomatic! services at various European caj)!- tals. At that critical period, when the relations of the United States with foreign nations were as yet not well established, his genius secured the adoption of treaty after treaty, in whicli the inter- ests of his countiy were guarded with patriotic vigilance. ... To the Presidential chair he brought the wisdom of mature years, great ex- perience, and unusual ability. — IJidi'ATIi's U. S., c'l. 53, p. 423. 1601. DIRECTNESS commanded. Emperor of Jiiimrt. The railroad between St. Petersburg and Moscow was built by two American engi- neers named Winans and Wilson. They laid it out first as they would one in this country, so as to take in the principal places on the way, for the purpose of benefiting tiic people and increas- ing the trafHc. But when the plan was shown the emperor he drew a .straight line between the two cities, and said : " Lay out the road on that line," and they tlid so. Cuts and chasms and hills were of no account to the imperial will. This single anecdote illustrates the difference be- tween a republic and a despotism. In the for- mer a road is built to accommodate the people ; in the latter to plea.se the monarch. — Gknekal Guant's Thavels, p. 248. lOOa. DISAPPOINTMENT, Bitter. //; rento, ,». In 1803 the first steamboat of Livingston and Fulton was built in France upon the Seine. AVhen she was almost ready for the experimen- tal trip a misfortune befell her which would have damiwned the ardor of a man less deter- mined tliaii Fulton. Rising one morning after a sleepless night, a messenger from the boat, Avith horror and despair written upon his coun- tenance, burst into his presence, exclaiming : " O sir ! the boat has brolien in pieces and gone to the bottom !" For a moment Fulton was ut- terly overwhelmed. Never in his whole life, he used to say, was he so near despairing as then. Hastening to the river, he found, incleed, that the weight of the machinery had broken the framework of the vessel, and she lay on the bot- tom of the river, in plain sight, a mass of timber and iron. Instantly, witii his own hands, ho began the work of raising her, and kept at it, without food or rest, for twenty-four hours — an exertion which permanently injured his health. His death in the prime of life was, in all prob- abilitj', remotely caused by the excitement, ex- posure, and toil of that terrible day and night, — Cyclopedia of Biou., p. 156. DISAPPOINTMENT— DISASTER. 191 1603. DISAPPOINTMENT, Fatal. (licern. When Cicero stood for the prii-torsliip he hiid inany coinpelitois wlio were |)erson.s of distiru- lioii, and yet he was returned first. As a presi- dent in tlie courts of justice tic acted with ;,n'eat intej^rity and honor. Licinius Macer, avIio liad great interest of liisown, and was supported, he- side, with tliat of ('rassus, was accused I)efore liiin of some default witli respect to money. He had so much contidence in hi'' own inthience and tlie activity of his friends, that when the judj^es were going to decide the eau.se, it is said he went lioine, cut his hair, and put on a white hal)it, as if he had gained the; victory, and was aliout io return so etiuipped to Wxa forum. But ('rassus met him in his court-yard, and told him that all tlie jiulgi's had given a verdict against him ; which airected him in such a manner that he turned in again, took to his lied, and died. — I'LLUAltCIl's Cl< KKO. 1601. DISAPPOINTMENT overruled, (horfjc MuUt'V. [He had collected funds for building his large Orphan House, and, as usual, he begun to jiray for Providence to open the way for tlie l)urchase of a jilot of ground.] After waiting upon him for thirteen weeks, he heard one morn- ::!g that asuitalile piece of ground might be i)ur- cha.sed on Ashley Down. At seven o'clock in the evening, therefore, of the .same day he called upon the owner of the property, a nii'rc.'hant, who — he was told — would at that hour be at home ; but not finding him at his own house, as was er- ])ected, ho proceeded — directed by the servants — to his counting-house, where, they said, he would be sure to meet with him. Upon arriving there, however, he was Informed that the gentleman had just left his counting-hou.sc and had returned to his own residence. "Now," thought Mr. jyiiiller, " shall 1 go again to him, or — as the hand of God surely is in this — shall I wait until to- morrow ? but as I was told that he would cer- tainly be found either at home or at his count- ing-house, and at both places I have failed to meet him, it may be better to wait until to- morrow." Accordingly, the next morning, at nine o'clock, he called upon the merchant, who said to him at once : " I have heard about your vi.sit, and of your desire to purchase land in or- der to build an Orphan House upon it. For three Lours last night I lay awake, and during that time kept on thinking : If this gentleman (;omes again, I must sell the ground to him for £120 instead of £200 an acre ; and now I am willing to let you have it at that price." This kind pro- jmsiil was immediately accepted, and in less than ten minutes a contract was .signed for the pur- chase of seven acres. — Life of Geouge MtJL- LEK, p. 35. 1605. DISAPPOINTMENT, Trial by. Cohnn- hvs. While Columbus, his pilot, and several of his experienced mariners were studj'ing the map, and endeavoring to make out from it their actual position, they heard a shout from the Pinta, and looking up, beheld Martin Alonzo Pinzon mount- ed on the stern of his vessel crying, ' ' Land ! land I Seiior, I claim my reward !" lie pointed at the same time to the south-west, where there was in- deed an appearance of land at about twenty-live leagues' di.stance. Upon this Columbus threw himself on his knees and returned thanks to God ; aid Martin Alonzo repeated the Gloria in excel- HiH, in which he was joined by his own crew and that of th(! admiral. The .seamen now mounted to.tlK! masthead or climlK-d about the rigging, .straining their eyes in the direction iiointed . . . out. The morning light, however, put an end to all their hojies, as to a dream. The fancied land i)roved tolx^ nothing but an evening cloud, and had vanished in the night. — InviNo's Co- i.UMius, liook !{, ch. 4. 1606. DISAPPOINTMENT with Viotorjr. lUch- (ird I. I Richard the Lion-hearted. Third Cru- .sade. ] The English nKiiiarch went on from vic- tory to victory. The most remarkable of his bat- tles was that near to Ascalon, wIktc he engaged and defeated Saladin [King of Jerusalem], the most renowned of the Saracen monarchs, and left 40,000 of the enemy dead on the (ield. Ascalon surrendered, as did .several other cities, to the vic- torious Richard, who now jirejiared for the siego of .lerusalem [the cajiture of which was the ob- ject of this great enterprise]; but at the most im- portant crisis, which if fortunate — as everything seemed to promise — would have terminated tlu! <'.\pe'Mtion in the most glorious manner, the King of England, on a review of his army, found them so wasted with famine, with fatigue, and even with victory, that with the utmost mortifica- tion of heart he was obliged to entirely adandoii the enterprise. The war was tinished by atruco with Saladin. — Tvti.eh's Hist., IJook 6, ch. 8. 1607. DISAPPOINTMENTS in Life. Fomi- tdin of Youth. ^lany Spaniards were killed ; the survivors were forced to hurry to their shijis ; Ponce de Leon himself, mortally wounded by an arrow, returned to Cuba to die. So ended the adventurer who had coveted immense wealth, and had hoped for perpetual youth. — Ban- cuoft's Hist, of U. S., ch. 2. 160§. DISASTER concealed. Gcnentl Nmh of North Cai'olina. [At the battle of Germantown] a round shot from the British artillery . . . pass- ing through his liorse shattered the general'.^* tlii^h on the opposite side. The fall of the ani- mal hurled its unfortunate rider with considera- ble force to the ground. With surpassing cour- age and presence of mind General Nash, cover- ing his wound with botli hands, gayly called to his men, " Never mind me ; I've had a devil of a tumble ; rush on, my boj-.s — rush on the enemy ; I'll be after j'ou presently." [In a few days he died.] — CusTis' AVasiiinoton, vol. 1, ch. 4. 16O0. DISASTER, Energy by. Romans. [At the battic of Canine, with Hannibal and his Car- thaginians,] the Roman army was entirely cut to pieces. Forty thousand were left dead on tho field . . . almost the whole body of the Roman knights. . . . The Romans, amid the conster- nation of so great di.saster, displaj'ed a magna- nimity truly heroic. The Senate, on the first re- port of the fate of their army, ordered the gates of the city to be shut, lest the exaggerated intel- ligence of thos(! who fied from the fight should add to the general alarm. The women were forbid- den to stir out of their liou.ses, lest their cries and lamentations should dispirit those who had their country to defend ; aiui the senators exerted them.selves in every (piarter to di.spel the fears of the people. Varro, from the wreck of the army, was able to collect 10,000 men ; with these lie repaired to Rome to defend the city, in case Han- nibal, as wa-s expected, should immediately at- ■ ■i«fgP»* '■'TiiiiiirirN'i'iiT iT Iti; PISCIIARdi:— DISCIPLINE. lack it. This inciiHuro wiisunfloublt'dly his wis- est j)()ii('V, iiiul he WHS slroiiifiy urgtnl to it Itv Maherbiil. one of his(i!)lf'st olHccrs. It iippciinMi, liowevcr, to Hiiiiiiii)iil ii(l(>ui)tful enterprise ; uikI ■wliilo he d(^lil)erale(l tin; ()i)p(>rtmiity was josl. Varro, wliose temerity was tlx; cause of tills i,n-eiit disaster, on approachiiii^ Uouk! witli tlu! sliat- tered remains of tlic army, wiiom Ik! had ^vith niueli pains collected, was'inet by the Senate, and received their solenui thanks, hccaitiu; he had iint despaired of the rc/niMir. The etrect of this spirited conduct was wonderful. Th(! citizens thronged to carry their money to the ])ublic tn^as- ur}'. All above the atje of seventeen, of what- ever rank, enrolled themselves, and formed an ar- my of four legions and 10,()(M) liorse. Eight tliousuud of tlie slaves voluntarily offered their services, and with the consent of their masters were embodied and armed, [a.d. 214. Hanni- bal failed in his enterprise.] — TvTUiit'H llisr.. Book 3, eh. 9. 1610. DISCHABGE, An honored. Jieif/n of Char/en II. Ilalifa.x . . . openly accused Uoches- ter of malversation. An in(juiry took place. Itajv l)eared that £40,000 had been lost to the public by the mismanagement of the first lord of the treasury. In consequence of this discovery, he was not only forced to relintpiish liis hopes of the white staff, but was removed from the direc- tion of the finances to the more dignified but less lucrative and importaat post of Lord-President. *'I have .seen people kicked down-stairs before," said Halifa.x, " but my Lord Rochester is the first ])ersou that I ever saw kicked up-stairs. " — Macaulay's Eng., cli. 2, p. 259. 161 1. DISCIPLESHIF, Honor of. ConnUintine. The l)ishoi)s whom he summoned, in his last ill- ness, to the palace of Nicomedia, were edified by the fervor with which be requested and re- ceived the .sacrament of baptism, by the solemn protestation that the remainder of his life should l)e worthy of a disciple of Obri.st, and by his hum- hie refusal to wear the imperial purple after he Iiad been clothed in the white garment of a ne- ophyte. — Gibbon's Ko.mk, ch. 20, p. 273. 1612. DISCIPLINARIAN, Talued. Baron SUii- heii. Uaron Steuben, a veteran soldier and H. I6il0. DISCORD, Shameful. h'/n/Hmrs. [Cnv- ncalla and Oeta, the sons of Servius, were l)olh <'hosen by th(( armv to sncceed their deceased father.) Such a divided form of j^overnment ■would have proved a source of discord between the most alTcclionate brothers. It wasimi)ossibl(! thatitcould lonjj; subsist between two implacable enemies, who neither desired nor could trust a rec- onciliation. It was visiblt! that one oidy could reij^n, and that the other must fall ; and each of them, judLcim; of his rival's desiirns by his own, j^narded his life with the most jealous vij.;ilaMc the Ijondon ('oiajxiiii/. " \Ve ar(' well weaned," addeil Robinson and Brewster, "from the delicate milk of our mother country, and inured to the difHcuIties of a strange land ; the people are indu.strious and frugal. We are knit together as a body in a most .sacred cov(!- nant of the Lord, of the violation whereof we make great consc'ience, and by virtue whereof we hold ourselves straitly tied to idl care of ea<'h other's ^ood, and of the whole. It is not with us as with men whom .small things can discour- age." — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 1, ch. H. 162§. DISCOTJSAOEMENT, Discontent of. 7>V- sicgement of Mew York. a.d. 177f). llowe and forty-five ships, or more, laden with troops, had arrived off Sandy Hook, and the whole fieet [wa.s] expected in a day or two. . . . [Wash- ington wrote to Congress :] I am hopeful. . . . Heed, the new adjutant-general, quailed before the inequality of the British and American force, and thus in private described the state of the American camp : "With an army of force be- fore and a secret one behind, we stand on a point of land with 6(100 old troops — if a year's service of about half can entitle them to the name — and about l.'iOO new levies of this [New York] province, many disaffected and more doubtful ; every man, from the general to the private, acquainted with our true situation is exceedingly di.scouraged ; had I known the true pasture of affairs, no consideration would have tempted me to liave taken an active part in this scone; and this sentiment is universal." — Ban- chokt'h U. S., vol. 8, ch. OS). 1699. DISCOURAOEMEMT, Superior to. S the circulation of tlic l)loo(l.— Tyti.eu's IIiht., Hook 6, ci>. HO. 1«33. DISCOVERY, Ambition for. Prince Henry. Prince llciiry, tlu^suii of Joiiii, Kiii^fof Portuf^ul, was ti youii;; iiiiin of gri'iit tulciits, j)oasi'NHi'(l of that ardor wliicli is fitted to patron- ize and ])roniot>> every l)enefieial design, and tliat entlmsiasni wldcli tlie dangers and ditlicid- ties of an enterprise ratiier inllanie tliaii relax. Struck with the success of this (irst attempt of his countrymen, he endeavored to eni^aj^e in Ids Hervic(!'all wlio were enunent for liieir sleing, and bestowed on bis ungrateful children a male- diction, whi(;h lie could never be prevailed on to retract ; >\ lingering fever, caused by a broken lieiirt, soon after terminated his life, liichard, it is said, came to view the body of his father, and, struck with remorse, accused himself in the deepest terms with having contributed by his unnatural conduct to bring his parent to the grave. Thus died Henry, in the fifty-eighth year of his age, an ornament to the 'English throne and a monarch surpassing all his contem- poraries in the valuable qualities of ii sovereign. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, cli. 8. 1635. DISCOVERY, A simple, ChnrU\ult.j — Stidknts' Fk.vnck, ch. 10, J^ 17. 163M. DISEASE, Destructive. Jrmi/. Among the cities which the barliarians ruined, (ienoa, not yet constructed of marble, is i)artieularly enun'ierated ; luid the deaths of thousands, ac- cording to tlie regular practice of war. appear to have excited less horror than some idolatrous sacrifices of women and children, which were jK-rformed with impunity in the cam]) of the most Christian king. If' it were not a melan- choly truth, that the first and most cruel suffer- ings must be the lot of the innocent and helj)- less, history might exult in the misery of thecon- (pierors, who, in the midst of riches, were left destitute of bread or wine, reduced to drink the waters of the Po, and to feed on the flesh of distempered cattle. The dy.sentery swept away one third of their army. — GiiiiiON's Romk, ch, 41, p. 177. 1630. DISEASE, "Literary." Leir/J, Hunt. [He aided his lirother in conducting a London paper.] In the midst of his hibors he fell into ill-health and melancholy ; palpitations, hypo- chondria, dys])epsia — in other words, the "lite- rary disease" had attacked him. He recovered by ceasing his occupation for a time and taking exercise.— Smii.kh' HuiiiF Hioouaphies. p. 305. 1640. DISEASE, Peculiarities of, Sir Walter Scott. Twelve days before the final failure — which was announced to him on the 17th of .January, 182(1 — he enters in his diary : " Much alarnie(l. 1 had walked till twelve "with Skene and Russell, and then sat down to my work. To my horror and surprise I could neither write nor .spell, but put down one word for another, andwrote nonsense. I was much overpowered at the same time, and could not conceive the rea. .son. I fell asleep, however, in my chair, and slept for two hours. On my waking my head was clearer, and I began to recollect that last night I had taken the anodyne left for the pur- pose by Clarkson, and being disturbed in the course of the night, I had not .slept it off." In fact, the hyoscyamus had, combined with his anxieties, given him a slight attack of what is now called aphasia, tliat brain disease the most striking symptom of which is that one word is mistaken for another. — Hutton's Scott, ch. 15. 100 DIHEAHK-niS(U ISK. ■ All. DISEASE, PrsTsntable. Cnmirrtl. A nlow iiitcniiiilcnt trvcr wizcd liim. lIcHlni;^- jflcd willi iIk' (list iillack no suwcsMfiilly, tliiit no line alioiit liiiii Niispcctcd lie wii.h Ht'i'ioii.sly ill. Till' lever lieeimie leilliiii and more aciUf ; lii.s Kiienjith was rapidly K'viiiu; way, Tlie pliy- HJcMaiiH Mininioned Ironi London allriliiiled llie disease lo the had air en^rcndered liy liieniarsjiy and illdraiiied hanks of liie 'I'lianies, wliieli joined the liardens ol' Hampton Cowil. lie was lirDnLtlil liaek lo WIdleliall, as if I'rovidenee liati decreed lliat, lie should die hefore the same win- dow of the saiiK! [lalace, in front of which he liad ordered to he constrncte. No sooner did Bobah (hey espied to be very fair and white, [The boatmen carried her back to the castle.] — Kniout's Eno, , vol. 3, ch, 10, \). 154. 1650. DISOUISE, Clerical. Ihini/n/i. It may be doubted whether any Flnglish Dissenter had suffered more severely under the penal laws than John Bunyan. Of the twenty seven years which had elap.sed since the Restoration, he had passed twelve in conlinement. lie still persisted in preaching ; but, that he might preach, he was under the necessity of disguising himself like a carter. He was often infroduced into meetings l)IS(}riHF>-DISLIKK. 107 a through luick donrN, with ii Nniock frock on his luick mill H whip ill liiH imiiil. — Macailayh K.to., Nils upon ii rock on tiit- nliore, and a tiHherniiiii is riidi! to llu^ 8up|H)H<'d lady. A woin nil coiiicH up and asks tii(! jtrict^ of an ell of clolli, to which llie unhap|>y clianeelior can give no iiiiHwur, for lie iindeislaiids not a word of Kng llsli. Oilier women gather alK)ul him, and having pulled olT Ids IkhmI, belield a Hwarthy mini receiilly .sliaved. He is then ralililed and dragged tlirough the town, the nun and women erymg, " CoiiU!, let iisstoiie this monsler ; he is ii diHgriiec! toeither .se.x. " — IvNio r's Eno., vt)1. 1, ch. 23. 1). !{l(i. 165:1. DI80UI8E detected. ('I^hHhm PiilrJin: lie was bold, clever, unpriiK^ipied, and unscru- pulous, with u slender, uiniiuutive figure, and ii «lelicut(j womnn'a face. Ills namo was Clodius Pulcher. Cicero played upon it, and called him Fulchellus Puur, " tho pretty boy." Hetweeii this promising young man and Ciesar's wife Pompeia there had Hi)ruiig uj) an ac(iuaint4iiu!e, which Clodius was anxious to press to further extremes. Pompeia wius difllcult of access, her mother-in-law Aiirelia keeping a strict watch over her ; and Clodius, who was afraid of noth- ing, took advanfHge of the Bona Dea f«!stival to i.iake his way into Cicsiik-'s house dressed as a woman. Unfortunately for him, his disguisi; was detected. The insulted Vestals and the other ladies who were present tlew upon him like tho dogs of Acticon, tore his borrowed garments from him, and drove him into the ^ti(;et naked and wounded. [See result al No. 1942.] — Froude'b C/Ksau, ch. 12, p. 24. 1653. DISGUISE, Difficult. (!/ituarl [now be- fore him in di.sguisej ; and the king chimed in that if that rogue could only be taken, he deserv- ed hanging more than all the rest, for bringing in the Scots. Once, clo.se to Stratford, " Will .laekson," in pui-suance of his disguise, was .sent into the kitchen, where the cook-maid, wlio was providing .supper, desired him to wind up the jack ; he was oliedient, but he did not do it in the right way, which led the maid with some passion to ask, *' What count rymar. are you, that you know not how U) wind up a jack T " Will .Jackson" appears to liav(Minswered very satisfac- torily : "I am a poor tenant's .son of Colonel Lane, in StalTordsliire ; we seldom have roa.st meat, aiul when we have, we don't make use of a jack," and so the maid's anger wa.s apixiased. — Hood's Cromweli,, ch. 13, p. 172. 1654. DISGUISE, SnccessfuL Majorinii. [The Emperor ilajorian possessed a courage which exceeded his prudence.] Anxious to explore, with his own eycH, the Ktato of the Vaiidalfl, ho ventured, after disguising the color of his hair, to visit Carthage, in the character of his own amba.sHarobablo tlction ; liut il is a llclioii which would imi hav(< been iinagiiied unless in the lifi' nf a hero. — (iiliiioNS ItoMK, ch. !{ll, p. 4S|, KW5. DISHONESTY, General. l!,!;iii<>fJiin,ek's Hist.. Book 4, ch. 1. 1659. DISLIKE, Natural. Wife of James IT. Araliella Churchill liad, more than twenty yeam before, borne him a son, afterward wiifely re- nowned as one of the most skilful captains of 108 niSLOYAM'Y-DISI'OSITION'. KiirofH". Tlic youth, imiiicil .Iimics Fit/jiuncH, Imil UM yet k'^*'" ')<> proiiiino of tli(> ciimii'iici- wliicli III' iiflcrwanl attiiiiicd ; linl IiIh initiiiicrH wfri' Ml )r('ntli) iiiiil iriDlTciisivc timt lir Imd no cMi'iiiy cxrcpt Miiry of Modrnu, who hud loii^ lulled the cldld of 'the conciihiiir with Ihc liiltcr Imlntl of II cldhlh'ss wUv. It^iicfii Miiiy. | A Mimll part of the .Icsiiitical faction liad, hcfoi'i- lh(! prci^iiancv of the queen waHuiinouneed, seri- omhIv tlion;;ht of settini; him up as a ('(. lotto. DISLOYALTY deteited. i:< roliilionori/ ]\'itr. TiirealH and proniix-s wei'e ii>ed to induce captive American sailors to enlist in the iiritisji 8er»'ice. " lian:; me if yoii will to the yui'd-ann of your ship, lint do not a.sk me to become a traitor to niy conntry," was the answer of Na- than ('lilninith. On a certain occasion, when h«' was conversing in company with great vivac;ity, and apparently to the satisfaction of those around him, an honest Swi.ss, who sat near, oik; (Jeorge Michael Moser, keeper of the Koyal Academy, perceiving Dr. .lohiison rolling himself as if about to speak, exclaimed, " Stay, stay ! Toclor Shonsdii is going to say something." " And art' you sure, sir,' replied (loldsmith, sharply, " that ,V'"/ can com|)rehen(l what he says ? " — Iuvin(j'h (}oi,i)s.MiTii, ch. 41, J). 'i'.\'.\. lOOA. DISPATCH demanded. Nnpokon I. rWheii jireparing for his Kgyptian expedition, lie said to one of his assistants :| Now, sir, jiho (lisj)atch. Remember that the world wascrcated in six (lays. Ask me for whatever you please, excei)t lime ; that is the only thing which is be yoiul my jjower. — Ahudtt's Nai'oi.kon IJ., vol. 1, ch. 10. 1666. DISPLAY, Confusing. VUurlemngnf. rSeekingatrealy of alliance, the] ambiLssadorsof Nicephorus found Charlemagne in his camp, on the banks of the river Sahi ; and he affected to confound their vanity by displaying, in n Fran- conian village, the iximj), or tit least the pride, of the Byzantine palaer ; mo miiicIi ho lliat I irinciiilicr iroiii^ oiicii ii\li) the iilticH of iny f;ruii(lfiitlii'r'H house ul I'oni'illi, upon Nome iiiili|(tiit y liuviii^ liccti put upon inc, with iin inlnilioii of ilcHiroy illK lliyxrir witli one of tlic foils wliirli I lii which tlie carpel was only laid down upon parlic ular occasions. The walls were liiiii;^ round with family pictures, and I .said to inv lirother, " Dare you wirike }r)ur whip Ihrou^'li that, old ladv's iM'tticoal V " lie replied, "No, I won't." " Then," said I, " here pics !" mid I struck my lash throuf^h her hooped |iellicoiit ; for which, no doubt, though I have forirotten it, I was prop- i'rh punished. Hut, iMissiliiv from some want of Juat mental en- dowments with the worst dispositi;iflH were perverted into iiistruinents of rvil. 111! had received fii in nature talents of a lii;?h order ; lus po.s.ses.se(l ii remarkable jxiwcrof tilcxpience, k(>en penetration, popular, insinualini^ maimers ; but beneath this attractive exterior he (•t)ncealelion. Louis recalled his anibas.sa(lor from .Madrid, de- manded full and immediate iei)aration, and threatened war in case of refu.sal. I'hilip IV. made an uiuiualitied submission, and in the; pres- ence of the whole di])lomatin body assembled at Fontainebleau, his ambassador declared that the Spanish agents would no longer contest the i>re- tensions of the crown of France. — Stluents' Fuanck, ch. 21, :■ ;i. lera. disposition, savage. Fmkrirk ^Vm- iam. The nature of Ficiierick William was hard and bad, and the habit of exercising arbilnirv' power had made him frlglitfully Nuvage, 1114 rage constantly verilt^d itself to right and left in curses and blows. When Ids Majesty look ii walk, every human heing tied before him, as if a tiger had broken lo saw a clei^ynian staring at the soldiers, hit admonished the reverend gentleman to betakn himsi'lf to study and jirayer, and enforced thiii pious advice by u sound caning, admiiiislered on the spot. — .Ma(A>I,.VV's FllKDKIlH ktiikUuicat, p. I(». I67:i. DISPOSITION, Variable. Alf.nimhr. Portraits of tlie same person, taken at difTerent periods of life, though Ihiy difTur greatly from each other, retain a reseml.liince upon IIh! whole. And so it is in general witli 1luMhariiel<'rs of men. Hut Alexander seemn to be an except ion ; for nothing can admit of greater dissimilarity thaii that which entered into his disposition at ditTer.. ent limes and in dilTereiit circumstances. Jlo was brav(' and |iui}oTK. 1671. DISPUTATION rewarded. OH cer (I old- smith. II(! had acquired, as has been shown, u habit of shifting along and living by ex))edients, and a new one presented hsilf \.\ Italy. "My skill in music," says he, in tiie " Philo.sophie Viig- abond," "could avail me nothing in a country where every pea.sant was a better nnisician than I ; but by this time I had ac((uired another tal- ent, which answered my i>uri)o.se as well, and this was askill in disputation. In all the foreign universities and convents there are, uponcertiun days, ])hilosophieal theses maintained against «!very adventitious disputant ; for which, if tho chami)ion oi)p()ses with any dexterity, he can claim a gratuity in money, a dinner, and a bed for one night." — Iuvinu's Goldsmith, ch. 7, p. .'iO. 167.'i. DISSEMBLINO, Successful. FmiitUna. Faustina . . . has Ix-cn as much celebrated for her gallantries as for her beauty. . . . The Cupid of the ancients was, in general, a very sensual deity ; and Uk; amours of an empress, as they exact on her side the plainest advances, are sel- dom susceptible of nuich sentimental delicacy. Marcus was the only man in the empire who .seemed ignorant or insensible of the irregularities of Faustina ; which, according to tlie jirejiulices of every age, rclli'cted some disgrace on the in- jured husband. He i)roiiioted several of her lovers to jiosls of honor and i;'H)tit, and during a connection of thirty years invariably gave her proofs of the most tender confidence, and of a respect which ended not with her life. In his " Meditations" he thanks the gods, who had be- stowed on him a wife so faithful, so gentle, and of such a wonderfid simplicit}' of manners. Tho V IS X'<)«) DISSKMHMNU- DISSIPATION. «ilHH>quloiiM Scniitc, at liN ciirnoMt nM|iit>Ht, rli«- i'liircd lirr II jiiidilfHs. Sin- wiis rciircHcnlcd lu li(«f t<'iii|ilcH wllb the uHrlliiifiH of .MiiiM, Vt'Mlii, mill CcrcM ; iiiKJ it \vii.» drcrri'd (lint, on llic iliiy III' tlitir iiuiiliiii.M, llic yiiiiili of I'ilhir hv\ Hliitiild piiy tlii'ir vows licfon' Ihr ulliir <>f lliclr cliiiMtr pli'trnllcs.s. OlIIIIONS UoMK, ( ll. 'J, p |(»'J. |«r«. DI&8EMBLIN0, UniuooMiful. <%irlr» I. A piini't'. Iliin lui-c. will) is lialiitiiully u dr rfivcr wluu at llir Iu'IkIiI of pi>w«r, Is imt likfly lolfiirn friiiikiu'MS in ilif iiiidsiorcinlNirriisHiaciits and dlHtr<'Ms«'s. CliarlrK was itiil only a inost uii sirupuloiiM, liiit a iiiost iinliukv diHsciiililcr. 'I'licro iii'vrr was \\ imliliciaii In wlioni ho many I'raudH ami fuiscliiinds win; liroiiKlit home by undt'itlalili! cvldriirc. ll«! pulilicly r('<'oK>i '''*'< I tho houses at Wcstiidiistrr as a Itpil I'arllaiiu'iit, and, Ht the suniit tiinc, made a private nilniite in <(>iiu('ll diclarin^ liie re( <)|;nitloii null, lie piih llely dlHclutnied ail tluiu^dil of caliliiK In fon'i;;!;n aid H^aiuHl his iH-oliie ; ho iirlvately siiljrited aid from Vmnce. from neiimiirk. and from liorralne. ile puhliely denied that he employed papiHts ; lit the sumo tinm hi; privately sent to hlsj^enerals dirt!etions to employ every |mpist that would Hcrve. He pultliely took tho Hucrament at Ox ford ua a pltjd^'o that ho never would even con nivo lit pojM'ry ; ho privately assured his wife that ho intended to toleruto jiopery in Kn^dand, and ho authorized liord Ulamorpm to nromlso that poiH-ry should bo established in livhuid. Thou hoallomptod toelear himself at hisuifent's <'Xpens(i. Glamorj;an rect'ived, In the royal hand- M-rilinK, reprlman'//(» of .\i iri'tinl/,'. [The Mike of Nesvciislle wit the Secretary of the Treasury under (leorge 11. ;| his thirst for power was insatiable. J«;aloUHof tvery man of ability to wiiom it was necessary to en- trust some sliare of aulhoritv. ho wiin always In terror that his suballerns might Ix' called to com mund. although ever professing his luixletv for Hub' promotion. Always Hceking the doubtful support of •' IriMips of friends," he never olTeiid- ed any man by a plain " No," and was afteii " under the siune engagementH to at least ten competitors. " — IsMiiurK Kn»i., vol. (I, ch. IH, p. I»M. I«M0. . Turku. When Sir Dudley North was i>r«'ssed |bv the tools of .buiies II. to favor the aiMilition ol' the Test Act) he reineui- iH'ied an old Turkish saying— vi/,., that a man is to .sav " no" only to the "devil. — Knkiiii's K.nu., vol. 4, ch. :2(l, p. 41H. IttMI. DISSIMULATION, BeUgloni. Itowan h'tiiiHTur ,/iiliiin. His s«'nliinenlH were changed ; but ns it would Imve Iwen dangerous to have avowed his sentiments, his conduct Htill contin- ued the same. Verv dilVerent from the ass in /Ksop, whi>disguise(l himself with u lion s hide, our lion was obliged to conceal himself under the skin of an a.s.s , and, while he embraced the dictates of reason, to obey the laws of prudenci; and necessity. Tho dissinuilatioit of .liiliun lastisl about ten years, from his secret initiation at i'iphesus to the beginning of tho civil war, when he declared himself at once the implacable encinv of Christ and of Constuntius. — Oihbon's Ko.MK, 'J//. I He was on a niorniiig ridi; when a messenger reached him with a note, bearing a private mark, which indicated the death of (leorge H. and his own elevation to royal authority. ) Saying his horse was lame, lu; turned Iwu'k to Kew, and dis- mounting, said to his groom : " 1 have said this horsi; is lame ; 1 forbid you to .say to the con- trary. ' WalpoU; comments : " The first monu'iit of the new reign alfonls a sym]>tom'of^the princoH chaiacler ; of that cool di.ssiinulation in which he had been so well initiateil by his mother, and which comprehend(;d almost the whole of what she had tauirht him." — KmoU'I's Eno., \v\. (>, ch. 1:2, p. 2il. 16M;i. DISSIPATION, Philosopher's. .'<.i>iunl JdIiiisoii. One night, w hen IJeauclcrk and Lang- ton had supped at a tavern in London, and sat till about three in the mornin'r, it came into their heads to go and knock up .lolin.son, and see if they could ])rcvail on him to join them in a ram- ble. They rapi)cd violently at tho doors of his chambers in the Temple, till at last ho appeared in his sl.irt, with his little black wig on tho top of his head instead of a nightcap, and a poker in his hand, imagining, probably, that some ruflians wen; coming to attack him. When ho discov- ered w ho they were, and was told their errand, ho smiled, an 1 with great good-humo • agreed to their propo.sal : " What, is it you, you dogs I I'll have a frisk with you." Ho was soon dres.sed, and they sallied forth together. . . . Oarrick Ixjing told of this ramble, said to him, smartly," Iheuril IHKHII'ATION -DIVISION. •J(i| of your fri»llrvi>(l, " f/f iliii'Mt iiol do Niii'li II lliliifr. IIU tnfi> would nol/(Y Idin !"— Homwki.i.'mJoiinwin, p. «5. lOMI. DISSIPATION, Touthful. /v''/ hIisi'Iicx of ii .Mliirt, and IiIm dlliipidiitcd lioots discloMi'd llic waul of Ntoik iiigM.— s.Mii.KH Hkikk Hi()oii.\riiiKH, |(. ;W lOMft. OISSUAIION impouiblo. Coriiz. [\\v K(>1 out for till' coiinucMl of Mexico.) TIip am- liiUMiulorH [of Moiitcy.uiiial tried in vuiu to dis- Nuadt) tlio terrible S|NUiiard [fruin udvaiiciiiK on their CHpitalj. They nmde hiiii coNtly preH«'iit.H, and then hasleneil buck io tJieir ulariiietl sover- ciXH. Monte/.uiiia iiiiiiiedlutely ileH|uilclied tliein II ^H)<'olld tiiiio witli prcHenlM Htlll iiion; viilii able, und with urgent apjK'uU to Corte/, to pro •red no farther. . . . Tht! Mexicun emperor, iiv Ills ine.s.senjjers, forlmde tlieir api)roiich to his city; Htill they iireust'd on.— Uidi'ATh'h U. N., ch. 4. p. 3H. I6M0. DI8TIKCTI0N, MlUtury. BlimnuK Whenever ho apiwared in tlie .streets und public pliicfH of Constantinople Melisuriu.sattructery laughable tliiiigN. " lleolwerved: " I'lovidencii has wlH«>ly ordered lint the more niimrrous men are, the more dilltciilt it is for Ihi'in lo agree In iinylhiiig, and so they are governeil. There is no doubt that if the poor shniild reasnn, ' We'll be the poor no longer, we'll make the rii h take (heir liirii,' they coiiM easily do It, were it not lliui Ihey can't agree. So the common soldiers, though NO much more numerous than their otllceis, are governed by them for the same reuson."— IJos- WKM.'h .Idll.NHO.N, p. IIIH, I ANft. DIVERSION, Mental. Ih,u;jf, ■'>„„. Ai- leliildnnis , , . bull got iiitelli'.'cncc of |th.' con- spiri'cy to asNassiiiatet 'lesar, and lie] iipproached (')i.sar with a |hi|mt, explaining what he had to discover. Observing that he gave the papers, as fast as he r leived them, lo his olllcers, he got up as clone lis iioMsible, and said : " Ca'sar, read this to yourself, and ipilckly ; for it < nntnins matters of great consisiiieiwe, and of the last I'on- cerii to you." lie tisik it, and attem|ited several limes to n'lid it, but was always iireveiiled by one application or other, lie therelore kept that pa|M'r, and that '>nly, in his hand, when he en tered the house. — I'l.t T.VHcii's C.KS.vii. 1090. DIVEBSITY of Inttrettf. S,H-i,ty. \ A IhiuI l."!!*;} Sidney writes in his " Anutliu ' ctmcerning the |K»|>ular tem|KT of his times :] '\Vlien they begin to talk of their griefs, never In'cs made such confused hummini'. The town dwellers demand putting dow.' of imposts, die coun- try fellows laying out of commons ; some would hav(! th(! pi'inee to keep his court in one place, sonu! in another ; all cried out lo have new coun- sellors ; but when they should think of any new coun.sellors, they liketi them as well as any that they could remember ; . . . the arti.sans the)'- woiilil have corn und wine set at a lower price ; . . . the ploughmen, vine-liiliorers, and farmers would have none of that. The peasants would have all the gentlemen destroyeii ; tin.' citizens, specially tlu; cooks, barbers, and those other that lived most on gentlemen would but havi! them reformed. — Knkiht'sEno., vol. U, iine fell lifeless to the floor. Napoleon alarmed rushed to the door and called for assistance. [They] . . . conveyed the Empress Josepliine up a flight of stairs to her apartment. She murmured, as they bore her along, " Oh, no, no ! you cannot do it I You .surely would not kill me. " Napoleon was intense- ly agitated. ... He paced the floor in anguish until the dawn of the morning, . . . trembling with emotion and his eyes tilled with tears, . . . articulating with difficulty. [He declared the in- terest of France made a divorce uis painful duty. It was consummated on Deceml)er 1."), 1809.] — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 10. 1700. DIVORCE, Causes of. Confuciin. He permits divorce for any one of seven reasons : " When a woman cannot live in peace with iier father-in-law or mother-in-law ; when she can- not bear children ; when she is unfaithful ; when, by the utterance of calumnies or indiscreet words, she disturbs tlie peace of the house ; when iier husband has for her an unconquerable DIVOUCE— DOMINION. 203 rcpugnniici' ; wlicn she is nn invctenitc wold ; when she stoaln iiiiythiii!; from her huslmiul's li(>iisc' ;" ill liny of tiicsc cii.se.s iier Ini.sbimd iimy l>ut litr iiwuy. — C'yci.opkuiaokBioo., p. 41b. 1701. DIVORCE, Convenient. Carinm. In the (tiiliic war liL'tli.scoM'red .some dej^roc of pcr- .sonitl coura^jo ; tmt from the moment of liis arrival at Home he abandoned himself to \\w luxiiiy of the cupital and to the abuse of his fortune. He was soft, yet cruel ; devoted to jWeasii re, but destitute of "ta.stc ; and though ex- ^I0X-T)RAMA. ImfKiHHihlc lo tty. On evorv side h(! wns oncom- INiMW'd witli li vtiHt, pxtciit of sea and land, \vlii(;Ii in; c'oidd never li()|)e to traviTHo witliout licini? (liscovi'ied, seized, and restored to his irritated master. IJeyond tin; frontiers his anxious view (•o\il«l discover notliin^, except tlie ocean, inhos- piUd deserts, hostile tribes of l)arl)arians, of ficrc(; maimers and unknown lanirnaire, or depcndcfnt kinjc^s, who woidd fj;''"".V purchase the emperor's protection l)y the sacrifice of an obnoxious fu<;i- tive. " Wherever you arc," said (.'icero to the exiled ^larcellus, " remember that youarec(|ual- ly witliin the power of the concjucror." — Giii- noN's lloMK, cli. a, p. 100. 1711. DOMINION, FroofB of. Watir. Dinon informs us tinit tlic kinujsof Persia u.sed to have wat«r fetched from the Nile and the Danube, and put among their treasures, as a proof of the extent of their dominion.s, ami their being masters of the vorld. — Plutaiu;h. 1713. DOUBT ezpreued. Mmnix CruMus. lie was drawing his troops out of winter quar- ters when lunbiussadors came frcn Arsaces, and addressed him in tliis short speech : "If thi.s army was sent against the Parthians by the Ro- man people, that people has nothing to expect but perpetual war and enmity irreconcilable. But if Crassus, against the inclinations of his country (which they were informed was the case), to gratify his own avarice, ha.s undertaken this war, and invaded one of the Parthian prov- inces, Arsaces will act with more moderation, lie will take compas-sion on Cni.s.sus's age, and let the Romans go, though in fact he considers them rather as in prison than in garrison." To this Crasaus made no return but a rhodomon- ttule ; he said he would giv(! them his answer at Seleucia. Upon which Vagiscs, the oldest of t'.ie ambassadors, laughed ; and turning up the palm of his hand, replied, "Crassus, here will hair grow iH'fore thou shalt see Seleucia."— Plutaucii's Cuassus. 171 it. DOUBT, Philosophic. AradcmicK. Next to the Epicurean system the doctrines most prev- alent at that time were tho.'en re- DRAMA— DRESS. 20A iliiccd to I'xtn^inc distress by a iHstilcncc, imd iiii iincommoii tncthod was a(l<)i)led to ai)p('ase tlit; wrath of the gods, in sending into Etnina for drolls or slage-danoors. Tlie dances of llieKc Etru- rians, acconling to Livy, were not inigraeefiil, and th(; I{onian youth readily learned to imitat14, intro- duced into that cominonweallh by Mvius Andron- icus, a Greek slave. — Tyti.kii"^ Hist., IJook 4, ch. ;i iraO. DRAMA, Religious. dhiirchcH. The tirst dramatics representations known in EtU'oi)e were devotional pii-ces, acted by the monks, in tlio churches of their convents, ri'pre.sentativeof tlie life and actions of our Saviour and of His apos- tles. In England these representations were term- ed mi/if(( rii'M, and .sometimes mirdck's and inoral- iliex. They were brought into use about the twelfth centiuy, and continued to be performed in England evou to the sixteenth century. There is, in the reign of Jlenry V'lll., a i)rohibiti()n, by the bishop of London, against the performance of any jilays or interludes in churches or chapels. Perhai)s at this time profane stories had begim to take the place of the sacred mysteries ; it is cer- tain, at least, that these .sacred mysteries them- selves often contained great absurdities and very gross indecency. [See No. 1717. J — Tytleh's Hist., Book 6, ch. 1(5. 1731. DREAM, Directed by a. Coni, p. 2(W. 1722. DREAM realized. Cicero s. Cicero, it S'iems, had a dream, in which he thought he called some boys, the sons of senators, up to the Capitol, liecause Jupiter designed to pitch upon one of them for sovereign of Rome. The citi- xcns ran with all the eagerness of expectation, and placed themselves about the temple ; ancl the boys in their pra'tcxtte sat silent. The doors suddenly opening, the bo3's rose up one by one, and, in their onler, passed round the go(l, who reviewed them all and .sent them awav disaijpoint- ed ; but when Octavius approached, he stretch- ed out his hand to him and said, " Romans, this is the person who, when he comes to be your prince, will put an end to your civil wars. ' This vis- ion, they tell us, made such an impression upon Cicero, that he perfectly retained the figure and countenance of the boy. though he did not yet know him. Next day he went down to the Cam- l)us Martins, when the boys were just returning from their exerci.ses ; and the tirst who struck his eye was the lad in tin? v(!ry form tliat he iiad seen in his dream. Astonished at the discovery, Cicero asked him who were his jiarents ; and he proved to be the .son of Octavius, a person not nuicli distinguished in life, and of Altia, sister to Ca-.sar. As he was so near a relation, and Ca'sai had no children of his own, Ins adopted him, an I, by will, left him his eslale. Cicero, after his dn-am, whenever he met young Octji. vius, is said to have treated him with i)articidar regard, and he received thos(( marks of his frieiKiship with great satisfaction. Reside!, hle nation would contribute it.s har- vest, its costly furs, . . . rather than fail in their fultilment, . . . even if it reciuired the surren- der of women to public embrace. — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. ;j, ch. 2-2. 1724. DREAMS verified. Eer. Richard Ihnrd- moH. (On his way to Parkgate, his jour- ney took him across the sands, where the tide returning, and a blinding snow concealing his course, his condition became extremely ix'rilous. A wall of ju'ipendicular rocks on one side, the .sea on the other, left him little hope of escape, till hi', ob.served two men running down a hill on the opposite side of the water, who pushed out a boat, and came to take him off from his horse, just as the sea had reached his knees as he .sjit in the saddle.] While we were in the boat, one of the men said, " Surely, God is with you." 1 answered, " 1 trust He is." The man replied, " I know He is ; last night I dreamed that I must go to the top of such a hill. When I awoke the dream made such an impression that I could not rest. I went and called upon this man to accompany me, . . . and there we .saw yourdistressed condition." — Stevens' M. E. CiiLUcii, vol. 1, p. 9(). 1725. DREAMS, Visionary. Napoleon I. [At St. Helena, in his la.st illness, one morning,] Napoleon started up and exclaimed, in dreamy delirium, " I have just seen my good Josephine, b\it she wc.ild not embrace me. She disappear- ed at the moment when I was about to take her in my arms. She was seated there. . . . She is not changed. She is still the same, full of de- votion to me. She told me we were about to see each other again, never more to jiart. Did vou see her ?" — Abbott's N.xpoleon B., vol. 3, ch. 34. 1726. DRESS, Criminal. Joan of Arc. She feared in fact among the .soldiery those outrages to her honor, to guard against which she had from the first a.ssumed the dress of a man. In the eyes of the church her dress was a crime, and she abandoned it ; but a renewed affront forced her to resume the one safeguard left her, and the re- turn to it was treated as a relapse into heresy, which doomed her to death. At the close of May, 1431, a great pile was raised in the market- i 206 DRESS. I place of Rouen, wlieie lier statue stands now. Even tlie brutal soldiers who snatched the hated " witch" from the hands of the clergy ii'"l l>i""- ried her to her doom were hushed as she reached the stake. One indeed pa.ssed to her a rough tro9.s lie had made from a slick he held, and she (•lasped it to her bosom. As her eves ranged over the city from the lofty seallold, she was heard to murmur, " () Houen, Rouen, I have great fear lest you sufTer for my death !" " Ves, my voices were of (}od !" she "suddenly cried as the last momentcame ; " ney have never dece'ved me !" Soon the Hames reached her, the girl's head saik on her breast, there was one cry of " Jesi'.s !" " We are lost," an English soldier muttered as the crowd broke up ; " we have burnt a saint !" — lIisT. OK En(i. Pkopi.i;, ^ 433. 1727. DRESS exohang^ed. Joan of Ave. To travel at such a time with tiveorsix men-at-arms was enough to alarm a young girl. An English woman or a German would never have risketl such a step ; the indelicacy of the proceeding would have horrified her. Jeanne was nothing moved by it ; she was too pure to entertain any fears of the kind. She wore a man's dress — a dress she wore to the last ; this close and closely fastened dress was her best safeguard. Yet was she yoimg and beautiful. But there was around her, even to tho.se who were most with her, a barrier rai.sed by religion and fear. — !>Iiciielet's Joan of Auc, p. y. 172§. DRESS, Extravagance in. B// Example . [The period of proud Henry VIII. and the os- tentatious Cardinal Wol.seyJ was an age of dis- play, when the king set theexamjjle to his court of the most extravagant splendor, which many of the nobles ruined themselves to imitate. — Knhuit'sEng., vol. 2, ch. 17, p. 278. 17*9. . Middle Ages. [From H.TO to 1485 was a mo.st luxurious period.] It has iHjen truly .sjiid [by Sir N. H. Nichols] that ex- travagance in dress "was a peculiar characteris- tic of the middle ages throughout Europe." The liandsome Edward IV. and the misshajien Rich- ard III. were equally careful of the splendor of their array. Lewis XL of France ... in his last days his gowns were all crimson satin lined with rich martins' furs. — Knight's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 7, p. 103. 1730. . Romans. It was a com- plaint worthy of the gravity of the Senate, that, in the purchase of female ornaments, the wealth of the State was irrecoverably given away to for- eign and hostile nations. Yhe iiiiinial loss is computed, by a writer of an in(|U! i ive but cen- sorious temper, at upward of ilSUU.UOO sterling. —Gibbon's Rome, ch. 2, p. 69. 1731. DRESS, Impressed by. Luther. On Sunday morning early Luther .sent for his bar- ber. When he had arrived he asked Luther, " Doctor, how comes it that you desire to be shaved at so early an hour ?" Luther replied, " I am called to meet the ambassador of his Holy Father, the Pope ; hence I must prepare and adorn myself to appear before him as if I were young ; then the legate will think, ' The deuce ! if Luther in his youth has done us so much mis- chief, what may he not do hereafter ?' " — Rein's Luther, ch. 22, p. 177. 1733. DRESS, Investment in. Samuel Jolin- »on. A gentleman told him he had bought a suit of lace for his lady ; he said: " Well, sir, yoii have done a good thing and a wise thing." " I have done; a good thing, ".said the gentleman, "but I do not know that I have done a wise thing." Johnson : " Yes, sir ; no money is better spent than wl'r'.t is laid out for domestic satisfaction. A man is pleased that his wife is dressed as well as other ix'ople ; and a wife is nleased that she is dre.s,se«l." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 248. 1733. DRESS, Legijlation on. England [The statute of 14(i3 ns mider this degree are to have no stuffing in their doublets. Lastly, the .servants in hu. bandiy and artiticers are to wear no clothing of which the cloth shall cost more than two shillings the broad yard. The second statute of 1483 prescribes what pe- culiar cloth of gold or silk shall be forbitlden tO' all below the royal rank ; what to those below a duke ; what to those below a lord, of whom tl e knight only shall wear velvet in his doublet. By a comprehensive clause, no man under the estate of a lord should wear cloth of foreign manufacture ; and the old price of cloth is again fixed for laborers and artificers. — Knight's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 7, p. 101. 1734. . Sumptuary. [In l.')93 the sumptuary laws of Henry VIII. were not repeal- ed, but could not be enforced.] Those who were winning wealth by inchistry would no longer submit, if they ever did submit, to be told by statute what they were not to wear, according to- a scale of :ncome varying from £200 to £o. They utterly despised the reason set forth for such arbitra'-y regulation — namely, to prevent " the .subversion of good and politic order in knowledge and distinction of peojjle, according to their estates, pre-eminences, dignities, and de- grees." A statute of Philip and Mary was direct- ed against the wearing of silk, except by certain privileged classes. . . . By statute of 1562-(33 . . . "foreign stuff or wares" ... if sold to any person not possessing £3000 a year, in lands or fees, not being paid for in ready money, the sell- er was debarred of any legal remedy for the recov- ery of the debt. By a statute of 1566 velvet hats or caps were prohibited to all persons under the degree of a knight ; and by tliat of 1571 every person, except ladies, lords, knights, and gentlemen having twenty marks by the year in land, was to wear upon his head, on Sundays and holidays, a home-made cap of wool, very decent and comely for all states and degrees. If Stubbes is to be relied upon, all states and degrees re- jected the statutory notion of what was decent and comely. They wore hats " perking up like the spear or shaft of a temple ;" or hats " flat and broad and flat on the crown, like the battlements of a house ; " or " round crowns," with bands of every color. They wore hats of silk, velvet, taf- fety, sarsenet, wool, and of "fine hair, which, they called beaver." .... He was in no esti- DRESS— DRINKING. 2or mation among them who had not a velvet or taffe- ty hat ; " and so conmum a thing it is, that every serving-man, country-man, or other, even all in- differently, do wear of lliese hats." — Knioht's Kno., vol.3, ch. 10, p. 2411. ir3«. . Ikary Vrif. In Vm Penry VIII. writeslo liis " well beloved " of the town of Oalway, .straiglitiy charging and com- manding that tiiey should jxTpetually observe certain articles .set'forlh for their weal and ijrcrtt : "Item, That every iidiahitant, as well within the said town as llu; suburbs of the sam(!, do .•^have their over [upper] lips, called crom])eaulis ; and suffer tlu; hair of tiieir lu-ads to grow till it cover their ears ; and that every of them wear English caps. Item, That no man nor manchild do wear mantles in the streets, but cloaks or gowns, coats, doublets, hose, shajien after the Kiiglisli fashion, of the country cloth, or any other cloth shall plea.so them to buy." ... In t la; reign of Elizabeth . . . " the ancient dress " was still worn. The mantle waa still "a fit house for an outlaw, a neet ])e(i for rebel, and an apt cloak for a thief." — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 2, cli. 24, p. 390. 1736. . Knfiland. [InVATA a statute was jiasscd toj restrain the outrageous and exces- sive apparel of divers people again.st their estate and degree. " Servants, artificers, . . . tradesmen . . . and their wives are to wear cloth of a cer- tain low price, with no gold, or silver, or silk, or embroidery. . . . Laborers in hu.sbandry, . . . if they had not forty shillings of goods or chat- tels, they were to wear only a blanket and ru.sset, and girdles of linen, according to their estate. In the.se two classes must have been comprised the bulk of the population." — Knkuit's Eno., vol. 1, ch. 31, p. 479. 1737. DBESS an Obstacle. Olirer Goldmiith. We have stated Ins great objection to clerical life, the obligation to wear a black coat ; and, whimsical as it may appear, dress seemed in fact to have formed an obstacle to his entrance into the church. He had ever a pa.ssion for clothing his sturdy but awkward little per.son in gay col- ors ; and on this solemn occasion, when it was to be supposed his garb would be of suitable gravity, he appeared luminously arrayed in scarlet breech- es ! He was rejected by the bishop. — Ihving's Goldsmith, ch. 3, p. 30. 173§. DBESS, Preaching against. Bixhop of Tjoivdon. [Queen Elizabeth carried her love of foreign dress almost into a mania. It was the only expenditure of which she wius profuse. Sir John Harrington says :] On Sunday my lord of London preached to the Queen's Majesty, and seemed to touch the vanity of decking the body too finely. Her Majesty told the ladies that " if the bishop held more discourse on such matters, she would fit him for heaven, but he should walk thither without a staff, and leave his mantle be- hind him." — Knioiit's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 16, p. 247. 1739. DEE8S, Sinful. Joan of Arc. What illustrates the time, the uninformed mind of tlie.sc doctors, and iheir blind attachment to the letter ■without regard to the spirit, is, that no point eeemed graver to them than the sin of having as- bumed male attire. They represented to her that, according to the canons, those who thus change the habit of their sex are abominable in the .sight of God. At first .she would not give a direct an- swer, and begged for a respite till the next dav ; but iier judges insisting on her 'iscarding the WHS not empowered riiit it. — MuiiKi.Ki's dre.s.s, she replied that sli' to say when she could Jo.\N, p. 43. 1 7.10. DRINKING, Ancient, h'nf/ldiid. Tlicy were! hard drinkers, no doulit, as tiicy were h;ird toilers, and the "ale-feast" was the centre of tiieir .social life. Hut coarse as the revel might .seem to mcxlcrii eyes, the scene within tiic tim- bered hall, wiiicli rose; in the; midst of tiieir vil- lages, was often Homeric in its simplicity and dignity, (^uccn or earl's wife, with a train of maid- ens, bore ale-liowl or mead-bowl roiuid the hall, from the high .settU; of king orcaldorman in the midst to the mvad benches ranged around its walls, while the gleeinan sang tlii' hero-songs of his race. — Hist. oI'' Eno. 1'i;oi'i,i-,, t; 19. 1741. DKINKINO, Art in, Smnuel Johimm,. Talking of the effects of drinking, he said : " Drinking may be jiractised with great i)ru- dence ; a man who exposes himself wIk'u he is intoxicated has not the art of getting drunk ; a .sober man, who liai>pens occasionally to get ii|) Ids ndnd never to he Indlied into an ac- qine.scenei! witli ho liarliarous a ciistoni. In con- versation with Soulherii nieinhers on th(! suli- jeet, he \vo\dd Kay : " We do not stanil upon (•((ual jjrounds in this matter. If \\v ♦'■.chl and you kill me, it is a feather in your cap, and ycau' consUUients will think all the better of you for it. If I should kill you, it would ruin na- with mine., and they would never send meto (Jonyress ayain." — Cvci.orKDiA of Uioo., p. l'\'l. irsa. DUPLICITY, National. Tmtr/i,-iwii>. An amount of dui)li(ity and treachery, happily un- |)arallel(!d iu the i'ulun! conducl of our coun- try, [was practis(?d hy the ministry of Queen Anne toward the allies, with whom she was hound, hy special treaties, to resist France). The ministry were afraid of .some hrilliant succ:ess in Flanders that niif?ht deran;;o their plans ; and to prevent such a calannty, they fj^avo wecret infor- mation to the enemy of the nulitary projects of the allies, and at the most critical moment of the campaign they withdrew their troops from the contest. [Their general was commanded to keep up the pretence of co-oiH-ration, hut to prevent any engagement hefons he was ordereil home Avith his army.] — Knioht'bEno., vol. 5, ch. 2.1, p. ;592. irSJl. DUTIES, High. .'^///. [During the reign of William 111. the duty on salt was raised to forty times the value of the article ta.xed.] — Knkhit'h En(j., vol. 5, ch. 2, p. 22. 1754. DWELLINGS, Plainness in. Lynirf/iis the Jjawgiirr. He issued an ordinance which levelled against magniticence and expense, direct- ed that the ceilings of hou.ses should he wrought with no tool hut the axe, and the doors with nothing hut the saw. For Epaniinondas is re- ])orted to have said, afterward. . . su(!h a house ad- mits of no luxury and needless splendor. Indeed, no man could be so absurd as to bring into a dwelling so homely and simple, bedsteads with silver feet, purple coverlets, golden cups, and a train of expense that follows these, but all would necessarily have the bed suitable to the room, the coverlet of the bed and the rest of their utensils and furniture to tiiat. — PLUTAiicu's Lycurous. 1755. EABNESTNES8, Eloquence of. Peter tlie Hermit. [He instigated the Crusades.] When lie ])ainted the sufferings of tlie natives and pilgrims of Palestine, every heart was melted to compas- sion ; every breast glowed with indignation when lie challenged the warriors of the age to defend their brethren and rescue their Saviour ; his igno- rance of art and language was compensated by sighs and tears and ejaculations ; and Peter sup- plied the deficiency of reason by loud and fre- «iuent appeals to Christ and His mother, to the sjiints and angels of paradise, with whom he had personally conversed. The most perfect orator of Alliens might have envied the success of his eloquence ; the rustic enthusiast inspired the passions which he felt, and Christendom expect- ed with impatience tlie counsels and decrees of the supreme pontiff. — Gibbon's Kome, ch. 58, p. 538. 1750. EARNESTNESS vs. Humor. Abraham Liiiridii, A radical member of . . . Congress . . . during ihe dark days of 18(>2 . . . called upon the President. Mr. Lincoln conuneiiced telling some trilling incident, which Ihe Con- gressman WHS in no mood to hear. He ros(! to his feet, and said, " .Mr. President, I did not come here this morning to hcarstoi'ies ; it is too serious a time." Instanily Uw. smile.' di.sii]>p('Mr('il from ■Mr. Lincoln's face, who exclaimed, " A , sit down ! \ resiM'ct you as an earnest and sincere man. Vou cannot be more anxious than I am constantly, and 1 say to you now, that were it not for this occasional rent, 1 should die!" — K.wmond's Lincoln, j). 72((. 1757. EARNESTNESS, Success by. Wmuliii. Sirord. AlKl-el-.Mourad, a dervish and a favor- ite v.arrior of Orkhan, made a vow never to em- ;)loy in batth; but a sabre made of the wood of the plane-trie. The vigor of his arm gave, it is said, to this weapon the weight and the edge of one of iron. Orkhan, at the death of Abd-el-Mourad, caused the weapon to he treasured in the archives of the empire. — L.\.maiitink'8 Tukkky, p. 220. 175§. EARTHQUAKE, Destructive. Ancient. In the second j'car of the reign of Valentinian and Valens, on the morning of th(! twenty-tirst dayof .luly, the greatest i)art of the Roman world was shaken hy a violent and destructive carth- (juake. The imiire.ssion was communicated to the waters ; the shores of the Mediterranean were left dry by the- sudden retreat of the sea ; great ((uantities of fish were caught with the hand ; large ves.sels were stranded on the mud : and a curious spectator amused his eye, or rather his fancy, hy contemjilating th(! various a])pearance of valleys and mountains, which had never, since the formation of the glolx', been exposed to the sun. But the tide .soon returned, with the weight of an immense and irresistible deluge, which was .severely felt on the coasts of Sicily, of Dalmatia, of Greece, and of Egypt ; large boats were trans- ])orted and lodged on the roofs of houses, or at the distance of two miles from the slion^ ; the jieople, with their habitations, were swei)t away i)y the waters ; and the city of Alexandria annu- ally commemorated the fatal day on which lift}' thousand persons had lost their lives in the inundation. — Gihuon's Ho.mk, cli. 20. 1750. EARTHQUAKES, Period of. Annent. [The historian oh.serves] that this fever of the earth raged with uncommon violence during the reign of Justinian. Each year is marked by the repetition of earthquakes, of such duration that Constantinople hius been shaken above forty days; of such extent, that the shock has been commu- nicated to the whole surface of the globe, or at least of the Roman empire. An impulsive or vibnitory motion was felt ; enormous chasms were opened, huge and heavy bodies were dis- charged into the air, the sea alternately advanced and retreated beyond its ordinary bounds, and a mountain was torn from Libanus and cast into the waves, where it protected, as a mole, the new harbor of Botrys in Phcenicia. The stroke that agitates an ant-hill may crush the insect-myriads in the dust ; yet truth must extort confession that man has industriously labored for his own de- struction. The institution of great cities, which include a nation within the limits of a wall, al- most realizes the wish of Culijjula, that the Ro- 210 EASE— ECONOMY. man p«'()|)I(' luul l«it one neck. Two Iniiulrcil and fitly tlioiisiiml pcrHoti.s iirc said to luivc pcr- islicd in t.li(! (>aitlii(iiHk(! of Ar.tiocii, wIiohc y tiic ciintlii?: «it' stmnjfcrH to the festival of tliu Ascfiision. — GiIIHON'h ItoMK, ell. -Hi. I760. EASE, Irreligioai, Stiimitl Jnhnnon. Ill Iris " Meditations" lie lli,.-( aectises himself: "Good Fridiiy, Anril 20, 1704. 1 have made no reformation ; I have lived totally useless, more scuisual in thought, and more addicted to wine and meat." And ne.xt morning \w thus feelingly eomplains : " .My indolence, sinct! my last re(u;ption of the sacrament, lias sunk into grosser sluggishness, and my dissi])atioii si)read into wilder negligence. >Iy thoughts have heeii clouded with sensuality ; and ex- cejit that from the heginning of tliis year I have, in some measure, forl)orne excess of 'strong drink, my appetites have predominateiic<' ; the lesson was still more usefiii than th(! revemie ; the plough was restored to its ancient security and honor; and the noliles were taught to seek u sure and independent revenue from tlieir es- tates, instead of adorniii'^ their splendid he^'i^arv l)y the oppn^ssion of thi; jieople, or (what is al- most lliesame) liylho favors of the court. — GiiJ- jtoNs lioMi;, cli.'4'-». ir«r. ECONOMY, WiM. William Pnt I), a.d. 10H2. [Wli(!U at)oul to leav(! his family for America,] liis wife, who was the love of his youth, WHS reminded of his impoverishment he- cause of his public si)irit, and recommended econ- omy. " liive low and sparin^^ly till my dehts he l>ai(l." Yet for his children he adds : " Let their iearnin;i; he lilieral ; spare no cost, for by such parsimony all is lost that Is .saved." — H.vnciiokt's U. S.. vol. a, ch. 1(». I7«K. ECSTASY, Religious. Ihnninn. The fi\i(Tcrinj.C was over now, and he felt that it had been infinitely beneficial to him. He understood better the ^^loiy of God and of His Son. The Scriptures had opened their secrets to him, and lie had .seen them to be in very truth the kevs of the kinftdom of heaven. Never so clearly as lifter this "temptation" had ho perceived "the lieiirhts of ;i;race and love and mercy." Two or three times " he had such stran^rt; apprehen- sions of the grace of God as had amazed him." The impression was .so overpowerinjif, that if it had continued long " it would have rendered him incapable for business." — Fuoude's Bcn- YAN, ch. 4. 1769. EDIFICE, Monumental. PevickH. The orators of Thucyclides' party raised a clamor against Pericle.s, asserting that he wasted the public treasure, and brought the revenue to noth- ing. Pericles, in his defence, asked the people in full assembly whether they thought he had expended too much. Upon their answering in the affirmntivo, " Then belt," said he, " charged to my account, not yours ; only let the new edi- fice be inscribed with my name, not that of the people of Athens." Whether it was that they admired the greatness of his spirit, or were am- bitious to share the glory of such magnificent works, they cried out that he might spend as much as he pleased of the public trea.sure, with- out sparing it in the least. — Flutakch's Pek- ICLES. ITyO. EDUCATION, Ancient. Persians. Yet amid this wantonness of Asiatic magnificence, the care which those princes bestowed on the education of their children merited the highest prai.se. They were, almost as .soon as born, re- moved from the palace, and committed to the charge of eunuchs of approved fidelity and dis- cretion. At .seven 3-ears of age they learned tlie i;e uliieli siiows in areiniirkahle nmniierlhat extreme ••are heHtowed, even in the cMriiest inliiney, to foirn the mannern and diNposition of tlii^ Koman rliilihcM. From t\\\'* passai;(! we learn, that in till- earlier a.L;e.s of liie liomaii I'oinino'iweallii, Kiieh was thai anxioiiH eare iiextowed on tiieir , he felt the necessity of correctinjf the defects of his early education ; and after his tlftieth year lie api)lied two hours of each dav, snatcheil from sleej), to improve liimsi'lf in ^'raminar, orthofjrapliy, and writinj?. — Knkuit'h Kn(»., vol. 7, di. )}, p" 4». 177«. . Sir WUmin Joix's. There was a little boy who some years back entered Marrow School, and was put into a class beyoial his years, wherein all the other boys had the ad- vantage of prcivious instruction. His master used to reprove his dulness, but all his elTorts <'o\dd not raise him from the lowest place in the form. But the boy, nothing daunted, procured the grammar and other elementarv hooks whi(^li the others had previously .studied ; he devoted the hours of play, and not a few of the hours of Kleep, to the mastery of these, till, in a few weeks, 111! be;;aii fjradually to rise, and it was not long bijfore 111! shot far ahead of his companions, aiul became not only the leader of his cla.ss but the pride of Harrow. TIk! statiKi of that boy, who thus zealously began his career, is in Wt Paul's (Cathedral ; for he lived to be the greatest Orien- {x\\ seliolar in modem Europe. 1777. . Robert HtephcuMonit Futhcr. When Robert was a little boy, I .saw how deti- cient I was in education, and I made up mj' mind that he should not labor under the sjime defect, but that I would put him to a good school, and give him a liberal training. I was, liowever, a lK)or man. ... I betook myself to mending my neighbors' clocks. — S.mii.eh' IJiukk JJiodii.v- riiiES, p. 56. 1 778. EDUCATION, Athletic. Roman. Tlio oxeroises of the boiiy were . . . particularly at- tended to. Wrestling, running, boxing, swim- ming, using the Ixjw and javelin, managing the liorse, and, in short, wliat(!ver might harden tlu; body and increase its strength and activity, were all reckoned necessary parts of education. — Tyt- ler's Hist., Book 4, ch. a. 1770. EDUCATION, Beginning in. Colony of Massachusettit. It was ever the custom, and it soon became a law, in Purit^in New England, that "none of the brethren should suffer so much barbarism in their families as not to teach their «hildren and apprentices so much learning as may enable them perfectly to read the Kngllslt tongue. "~nAMiioKr'M r. S,, vol. I, ch. 1(). i7»0. EDUCATION, Chrlitlan. h'/ii/fom/, \r,U). .lollll Colet . . . sei/.ed the opportunilv to com- mence the work of educalional reform liy dt'vnt- ing, in I'tlO, his pi'i\Mli' lortnne to the founda- tion of a granimiir school lirside St, I'mil's. The bent of its founder's mind was nIiowii by the image of the child .lesiis over the master's chair, with the words" Hear ye Him" graven beiienlh it. " I,ifl up your lillle while hands for me," wroti! the dean lo lii<< s( hulnrs in words which prove the lendei'ticss thai lay beneath the Hterii outer seeming lied with modelsor with materials, gradually forget their jiowers ; the judgment In-- comes feeble and lethargic, the imagination lan- guid or irregular. Fully to appreiiend this im- portant trutli let us attempt, in an iin])roved so- ciety, to calculate the immense distance between the man of learning and the illitcruU' jiea.sant. The former, by reailingand reflection, multiiilies his own experience, and lives in distant ages and remote countries ; while the latter, rooted to a single spot, and confined to a few years of exist- ence, surjiasses but very little hisfellow-lalK)rer, the ox, in the exercise of his mental faculties. The same, and even a greater dillerence, will bo found betwe«n nations than between individuals ; and we may safely pronounce without .some sjie- cies of writing, no people . . . has ever made any considerable progress in the abstract sciences, or ever ])()s.se.ssed in any tolerable degree of perfec- tion the useful and agreeable arts of life. — Gin- noNs Uo.MK, ch. )). J). 2r)8. 1782. EDUCATION, Collegiate. Soiitf,e,y. Of all the months of his life, those i)as.sed at Oxford, Southey declared, were the most uuprotitable. " All I learnt was a little swimming . . . and u little Iwating. ... I never remember to have dreamt of Oxford — a sure proof how little it en- tered into my moral being ; of school, on the con- trary, I dream iierpetually." The nu.scellaneous society of workers, idlers, dunces, bucks, men of muscle and men of money, did not plea.se him ; he lacked what Word.swortli calls" the congre- gating temper that pervades our unripe years." — Dowden's Soutiiky, ch. 2. 1783. EDUCATION, Contributions for. Yafa College. "I give these books for the founding of a college in this colony." Such were thy KDlCATIoN. IIJ wohIh (if ten niliihliTM wlio, in llio year 17(H), UMMi'iiililcd III tlif villaxrnf ilraiifdnl, ii frw iitilcH I'lkMlof New ilitvfii. Kiu'li (if tlic worthy fiUlirrs (lc|>(>Hi(c(lu few lidoksdii the tulilciir(iiiii(l wliicli tlifv wcru Hitlin^ ; nikIi whs llic fniiiKlliiKof Viilc i'luU'lH'. . . (>iic(if llic iiKiHl libiril imlioim was Klihu Viilr Uii.rATHH U. H., ell. 21, p. l\)'i. irMI. EDUCATION, Deflolenoy in. (liorr/c \V(iM/iiii;/t()u. The Hdii of a widow . . . liorn . . . Iiciiciitli tint roof of II VVt'HtiiiorciaiKi fanner; iilniosl from iiiraiicy liix lot iia(i liccii tin- lot. of nil (ir|iliiiti. No academy liad welcomed liim to ilH Hliadcs, nocoliegiM'i'owned liim witii its iioii- ors ; to read, to write, to ciplier — these had lieen liin (lei;rceH in iiilowlcd^e. — H,\NCIlol'r'H I'. S,, o- ]u'r, 1,1,. n. i"'roin his delicacy of eoiistitiilion n said tohis friends that lit? was «lelerniined, as far its in liiin lay, to save as inanv vounji; people lus ho could from what he called his misfortune— the lack of early education. This Is one of the instances in which some of the ^'renlost j,MftH of fortune turn out to have been lileHsin^s in dis^uist; . . . Ik; persisted to the last in regarding "the lack of schoolinii; " as \\\c ;^reat inisfortuno of his life. " If I could have had such adviintai^es as we can >rive the |)()orest boy now, how much more could I haw doiK; I" Tiiesc words often fell from his lijis. — LiisTKii's litKK OK PlCTKU C'OOI'KU, J). U. ITSO. EDUCATION, Devote'l to. Cohfnnim. I{eturninj^to his native country al'cr his journey in .search of wisdom, he entered lieriously upon the ^rcat work of his life, wliicl' was to record all that he bad himself learned and thought, as well as all whicli lie considered worthy of preser- vation ill the works of the luicicnis. His object was to gather and to iirnm,ii:e the whole wisdom of his country so that it could be conveniently commuiiicated to his people and their descendants forever. To this labor he devoted a'l the leisure of the rest of his life, and he prodiic d a series of works upon which the soul of ("liiiia has ever since subsisted, and which do really contain a very pure and exalted system (d' morals. — Cv- CI.OPKUIA OK Biod., p. 411. irsr. EDUCATION difficult. Mvoham I.in- cnlii. Durinf^the twelve years that the family remained in Indiana, Abraham's father encourag- ed him to improve all the (.pjiortunities offered for mental development. How scanty these lirivile^-es were may be inferred from the fact that the entire number of days that he wivsable to at- tend school hardly exceeded one year. — Ray- mond's Lincoln, ch. 1, p. 21. iy§§. . George WanJiington. At eleven years old left an orphan to the care of . . . an unlettered mother, be k"'W up without IcMrnln^. Of arithmetic and geometry he ac- (luired just knowledge eiioui;h to be iiblelo prac- tise ineiLsuring land ; but all his instruction at school tauKhl him ii'tt so much as the orthogra- phv or rules of grammar of hisowii tongue. Mis culture was altogether his own W(irk. and he wim in the strictest sense a self made man ; yet from his early life he never seemed uneducateil. — Ha.n«iiokt'h r. S., vol. 7, ch. :t7. l7Mf>. EDUCATION dliparaged. Mmihum l.iiifiihi, I His mollierl hail instructed him in the riidinieiils of writing, and Mr. Mncoln, in Npitt! of the (liNparaging remarks of liis neigh- bors, wild regarded the iiccomplishment as en- tirely unnccessiiiy, encouraged his son to iierse- vere. .. . One of the very first cITorts of liiH fal- tering pen w as writing a letter to an old friend of his mother's, a IraveJling preacher, urging hini to come and deliver a sermon over her grav»\ . . . Abraliam'H pen thereafter found fre()uent enipldv meiit in writing letters for the Nam»! neigh- bors who had before pretended In esteem lightly the accdinplisliinent. — Uav.\ioni>'h Linc»)1,.\, ch. 1, 1.. 21. I TOO. Education, Distinction by. Ii'flntiir. Our estimate of |)ersoniil merit is relative to the common fnculties of mankind. The aspiring efforts of genius or virtue, either in active or speculative life, are measured not so mucli by their real elevation as by the height to whicli they n.scend above the level of their age or coun- try ; and the same stature whicli in a j)eople of giants would pass unnoticed must appear con- spicuous in 11 race of pygmies. Leonidas and his three hundred (•omi)aiii()iis devoted their lives at Thermoiiylie ; but the education of the infant, the boy, and the man had prepared and almost insured this memorabU; sacritlce ; and each Spartan would approve rather than admirt; an act of iluty of whichhiniself and eight tliou- .sand of his fellow-citizens were ccpially capable. — Giuiion'sUo.mi-:, ch. 42, p. 190. ITOl. EDUCATION, Donations to. Iforrnrd Colli f/i'. Some of the early donations were very simple and curious. A clergyman, for example, having neither money nor lands to bestow, gave the college two cows, valued at AI9. A gentlemiin l)resentcd nine shillings' worth of cotton doth. Anothercontributed forty shillings a year for fen years ; and a farmer, who lived in Hartfoixl, lie- (pK'afhed ,t' 100 to be paid in corn and meal, the college to defray the cost of transportation. One of the Hiihaina Islands, for which at a time of fam- ine collections had been made in New l^ngland, now in its turn made a collection for the college, "out of their poverty," as tliey said, and sent £124. — CVCI.OPKDIA OF IJioo., p. .W^. iroa. EDUCATION, End of. Coo/irr InMu/i: The corner-stone of the Union was laid. Within that .stone was i)laced a scroll which bore this inscription : "The great object that I desire to accomplish by the erection of this institution, is to open the avenues of scientific knowledge to the youth of our city and country, and so un- fold the volume of nature, that the young may see the beauties of creation, enjoy its blessings, and learn to love the Author from whom cometh every good and perfect gift." — Lestku's Life OF Fktku Cooi'Eit, p. 34. •^li KDICATION. 1 7f»:i. EDUCATION, Errors in. Lull,,,:,. U\ MitiiNtli'liI he i-i'<'t'iv('(l liiMtliNi iiihlnit'tliiii, Im'Iii;; H'lil III Mrhuiil at u Very fiirly \\\n\ . . . 'I'lic tllH {iil lilm. — IIkin'h hi; TiiKit, ell. 2, |i. 21. 1791. EDUCATION, General. \,,r h'nf/l,n„f. In mailers of ediiealinn New Kn).dand tuok the lead. Her Hyslem rif free scIkioIs «'xleiided everywhere, friini the Iliidsdn to the I'emiliseoi, Kvery village furnished the facilities f(ir ae- ((iiiriiiK kmiwled^r,.. Sti Cdmnlele and iiniveisal wen; the means (if ae(|uirinK inslruetidn, thai in the limes |ireeedin>j Ihe Uevohilicin there v as iKit t(i lie fdimd in ail N't;w Kni;land an adult. iMirn in Ihe cduiilrv, who cduhl not read and write. Splendid aeliievement of I'urilaiiism I — HiDi'ATiiH II. S., eh. :{'t, p. 2H'J. I79A. EDUCATION guarded. n„„kM. [Ordi nnnees for the daily eonduel of 'he I'rinee of Wales wen; drawn up liy his father, just hefdn; his death, ) which prescrilied his mcirninj; attend- nnce at mass, his occupation "at. his school," his meals, and his sports. No man is to sii at his hoard iic* such as Karl Hivers slndl allow ; und at this hour of meat it is ordered '•that then; be read bc^ire hinj jiobhi stories, as Ik;- hooveth It ])riiico to understand ; and that the «'ommuiucutidn at all times, in Ins presence, be i)f virtue, honor, euniun^ |knowledfre|, wisdom, tmd deeds of worship, ainl (if nothiitfr tliat shall move himto vie(!." . , . [The princ(! was twelve y.arsold at tlu; timt! of his father's death, in ?48;{.]— Knioiith En(i., vol. 2, ch. 11, p. 170. 1796. EDUCATION, Helps to. Ii,>krt Biirm. lie api)ears not only as a true British poet, hut a.s one of tlu; most considerable Hrilish men of the eighteenth century. I^et it not be MJijected that he did little; Ik; did much, if we consider where and how. If tin; work perf ;iied was KTiiall, we must remember that he ln'o 'is very mat(!rials to discover ; for the metal Ir .orkod in lay hid under the desert, where no • _^^ e but his liad guessed its existence ; and we may almost Bay, that with his owi, hand Ik; had to construct the tools for fashioning it. For he found himself in dec'iM'st obscurity, without help, without instruction, without models, or with models only of the meanest .sort. An educated )i n stands, ns it were, in the midst of a boundless arsenal iind magazine, tilled with all the we.'ipons and i-ngiucs which man's .skill hius lieenablc to devise from the earliest time ; and he works, accord- ingly, with a strengtli borrowed from all past ages. How different is his state who stands on tlie out.side of that storehouse, and feels that its gates must be stormed, or remain forever shut against him ? His means are the commonest and rudest ; the mere work done is no measure of his Htrcngth. Adwiirf behind htx Nieum cngin( tnuy ninove niiiunlains ; liutnodwarf will hew Ihciu down with thcpi(kax(' ; and he iuumI Im' a Titan that hurls them abroad wiih hU iirmn.— t'Ali* I.YI.K'm Ml ItNS, p l.'i, 1797. EDUCATION, Higher Life by. .tm- /"//(■. Those wild haveniii tdrgolicn their (Jrcck Header remember Ihe list of Arisldile's wise say- ings given in that Work, liciiig asked in what the educuteil diUVr from the uneducated, he nidd, " As (he living dilfer from Ihe dead." — Cyi;, t>K IJloo., p. MH I79M. EDUCATION, Imperfeot. Wn^hii,;/!,,!,. Washlnglon . . . before he liicame a public man wasii bad speller. People were not no particular the;) in such matters as thev are now, and, besides, there really was no Netlleil Hyslem of Npelling ii Inindred years ago. When the general wrote for a " rheam of paper," a iMnver " hatt," a suit of " eldalhs, " an(l a pair of ■' sallln shoes, " tliero was no Webster unabridgeil to keep jieopleH spelling witldn bounds.— Cvii.orKUiA ok Ukhi., p. ». 1799. EDUCATION Imperilled. liiifinof.himiH II. Soon lifter Ihe acipiillal of tlu; bishops, the venerable Ormoiid, the; most illustrious of the cavaliers of the great civil war, sank under his intirmities. The intelligence of hi:i death was conveyed with sjieed to Oxford. Instantly thu university, of which he had long been chancellor, met to nanu; a successor. One jmrty was fortlie elo<|uent and accomplished Halifax ; another for IIk; grave and orthodox Nottingham. Sdine men- tioned tlu; Karl of Abingdon, wlio resided near tliem, and had recently been turned out of thu lieutenancy of the county for refusing to join with the king against the established religion. Hut the majority, consisting of a hundred and eighty graduates, voted for the young Duko of OrmiiiKl, grai.d.sonof their late head, and .son of the j; dlant Os.sory. The speed with which they came to this resoluiion was caused by their ap- prehension that, if there were a delay even of ii day, the king would attempt to forc(; on them some chief w ho woidd betray their rights. The apprehension was rea.sonable ; for oidy two hours after they had sejiarated came a mandattj from Whitehall recjuiring them to choose .lef- freys [the infamous and brutal chief-jtistice]. Hapjiily, the election of young Ormond was already complete and irrevocable. — Macal lay's Eno., ch. 9, p. 889. 1§00. EDUCATION, Indecision in. fi,vn\i,'l Johnwn. We talked of tlu; education of chil- dren ; and I asked him what he thought was best to teach them first. Johnson : " Sir, it is no matter what you teach them first, any more than what leg you shall put into your breeches first. Sir, you may stand disputing wliich is liest to put m first, but in the mean time yotir breach is bare. Sir, wliile you are considering which of two things you sliould teach vourchihl first, another boy has learnt them bolli." — Bos- well's Johnson, p. 12.'). 1§01. EDUCATION, Independent. Gibbon. I spent fourteen months at Magdalen College ; they proved the most idle and unprofitable of my whole life. . . . Oxford and Cambridge for nearly a century have been turning out crowds of thorough-paced scholars of the orthodox pat- tern. It IS odd that the two greatest historians KDl'CATION. m vlio hiivt> lN-r>n Hcliolikm an wnll — (}il)lH)n iind ?lvrr,| rcHolvrd llic uliole miMincHN of IcKiHiiilion into tlu; l>rinKiiiK iipof yoiilli. And tills, iim wh liiiviMilwcrvrd, was tiio rriiHon wiiy one of Ids oriiiiianii's forliade tlicin to liiivo unywrlllcn iawn. — I'laTAUcHH LYcriuirH. INO:i. XDUCATION ▼■■ Lloentiouineu. Iliii/n of llhaiiio II. Ladii's lii^idy iiorii, iilKlily liitd, and nalitri liy <|iii( k witlcd, were unuliiitto writo II iin*- In liii'lr niotlicr-tonKiKi witlioiit hoIccIhiiis and faiiitH of Hpcllin^ mik^Ii as ii charity ^irl Avoiild now Ih! aNhaiiKid to <'oininit. . . , '1 li<> I'X- tlanallon may easily Ik; found. KxIraviiKaiit ici'nIloiiHncsH, tho natural clTcct of cxIravaKitnt austerity, was now th()inod(! ; and lieentiousness had nnxlueed itH ordinary eftect, tliu moral and intellectual degradation of women. To their personal lieauty it wii.s tiu; fasliion to pay rude and impudent homage. Hut tlu; admiration and desire wliich they iiispire(|ualilies whicli til them to lie companions, ivdvi.sers, euiuldential friends, rather r(!|K!lled than iittrac^led the lilKirtines of Whit(!hall. In that court a maid of honor who dresse seclusion of tlic old hall, and there, unless his nund was very hajujily constituted by nature, soon forgot his academical pursuits in rural busi- ness and pleasures. His chief serious employ- ment was the care of his i)ronerty. Ho exam- ined samples of grain, handled pigs, and on mar- ket days made bargains over a tankard with drovers and hop-merchants. His chief plca.sures were commonly derived from field-sports ami from an unretined sensuality. — iVlACALLAv's EN(i.,ch. a, p. 208. |§09. . S(im lIouHton. What were the means of education olTeri'd lo this Vir- giiia boy. We have learned that \w, never could gel into a .schoolhouse till he was eight years old, nor thai he ever accomplished much, in a literary way, after he did enter. Vir- ginia, which has never beconu^ very famous for her common .schools, had still less to boast of eighty years ago. The State; made little or no provision, by law, for the education of its chil- dren, and each neighborhood was obliged to take care of its rising population. — Lkstku's Ilouh- TON, p. 18. 1§10. EDUCATION opposed. Calonial Govern- or of Vir;iinia, 1071. " The ministers," continu- ed Sir William [Berkeley,] ". . . should pray oft- ener and preach less. But I thank God there are no free schools nor printing ; and I hope we shall not have these hundred years ; for learning has brought disobedience and heresy and sects 210 EDUCATION. intd tli<> world, and |irititiiig ItiiH diviilircd tlifin, niul liljols ii,i,'aiii.Hl I lie Ih'sI >i;ovi'riiiiit'iil. (Jod ki't'p lis from bolli !" — JJancuokt's U. S., vol. U, ell. 14. 1 Kl I . EDUCATION, Patron of. Luther 'n. Martin Lnllii'r wasoljli^cd toliclp liimsclf sinct; Ins |)ar('i)l.s coidd not provide a coiniJlctL- support. Hut ^o«)d fortuiK! awaited liiiu. For, iK-causo of his Kinf;ri'i,tr and hcartfi'lt priiyinij, lie won tin; liivor of Ursula (Jotta, wlio invited him to a scut at h(!r table. Slu* was of tlu^ family of Sehalbe, and the wife, of (Jonrad (.'olta, one of the fore- most citizens of the town. — Kkin's Li thkii, eh. a, p. 2:5. l§l'i. EDUCATION, Fhilanthropio. Smithso- nian Inntitiitf. I In 1824 J an enunent English fhemi.> ; freedom of election ?" Johnson : " Sir, t; e : .\' does not mean that the privilege of voting siioui. ! be independent of old family interest ; of the permanent property of the country." — Bo.v well's Johnson, p. 244. 1830. ELECTION expenses. Trcativn. Eve- lyn laments that so many from the country came in to vote for his brother as knight for the shire of Surrey, "that I believe they ate and drank him out near to £2000, by a most abominable custom." — Knioht'sEng., vol. 4, ch. 21, p. 341. 1840. ELECTION frustrated. John Howard. In 1774 the liberal party in Bedfordshire nomi- nated him for Parliament, and, after a mo«t se- vere contest, he was elected by a small majority. The "issue" in this election was, whether the king and Lord North should be sustained in their American policy ; and tlie election of Howard was, therefore, a defeat for the administration. ELECTION. Ill) he eir lid )n. The miniHfry, however, surcceded in finding a pretext for nnniilling the election. Some of llowiird's votes were declnred illegal — enough to give the seat to a tory. The loss of a seat in I'arliamcnt wa.s not much regrett d by him for liis own sake, but he felt aciitely the wrong done to the great and patriotic party which had elected him. " I was a vicf'.a of the ministry," he wrote, after learning , .o result of the struggle. " Mo.st surely I should not have fallen in with all their severe measiu'es relative to the Ameri- cans, and my constant declaration that not one emolument of live shillings, were I in Parliament, would I ever accept of, marked mc; out as an object of their aversion." — Cyclopedia ok BioG., p. 47. 1841. ELECTION of Grace. Cromwell. [On his death-bed. I " It is terrible, jea, it is very ter- rible," he muttered three times m succe.s.sion," to fall into the hands of the living God !" " Do you think," .said he ta his chaplain, " that a man who has once been in a state of grace can ever perish eternally '!" "No," replied the chaplain, " there is no po.ssibility of .such a relapse." " Then I am safe," replied Cromwell ; " for at one time I am confident that I was chosen." All his inquiries tended toward futurity ; none bore reference t(> the present life. " I am the most insignificant of mortals," continued he after a momentary lapse ; " but I have loved God, praised be liis name, or, rather, I am l)eloved by Ilim !" — Lam- aiitine's Cromwkm<, p. 78. 1843. ELECTION resented. ReignofJnmesII. [The fellows of Magdalen College refu.sed to elect as president the infamous Anthony Farmer, "whom the king urged.] Early in June the fel- lows were cited to appear before the High Com- mission at Whitehall. Five of them, deputed by the rest, obeyed the summons. Jeffreys treat- ed them after his usual fashion. When one of them, a grave doctor named Fairfax, hinted some doubts as to the validity of the commission, the chancellor began to roar like a wild beast. "Who is this man ? What commission lias he to be impudent here ? Seize him. Put him into a dark room. What does he do witliout a keeper ? He is under my care as a lunatic. I wonder that nobody has applied to me for the custo')0.] — Macaui.ay's EN(i., ch. 0. p. 44"). 1863. EMIGRANTS, City of. Ncir> York. Ncav York was always a city of the world. Its set- tlers were n^lics of the first-fruits of the Hcfor- mation, chosen from the Belgic provinces and England, from France and Bohemia, .".nd the Italian Alps. — Banciioft'b U. S., vol. 2, ch. IT). 1864. EMIGRANTS, Dangerous. Criminaln. Thieves or homicides, the spendthrift or tins fraudulent bankrupt, the debtors to justice or its victims, prisoners rightfully or wrongfully detained, excepting only those arrested for trea- .son or counterfeiting money — these were to be the people by whom the colony (of N(!W France) was, in part, to be established. . . During the winter one was hanged for theft ; several were put in irons, and " divers persons, "as well men as women, were whipped. — BANCitOKT's llisr. ok U. S., vol. 1, ch. 1. 1865. EMIGRATION, Benefits of. Grrrkn. At all events, it is universally allowed that, from the period of those strangers settling among them, the Greeks assumed a new character, ancl exhibited in some respects the manners of a civ- ilized nation. The dawnings of a national re- ligion began to appear ; for the Titans were a religious jieople. They taught the savages to worship the Pluenician gods, Ouranos, Saturn, Jupiter, etc., who were nothing more than dei- fled heroes ; and l)y a progress of ideas not un- natural, this rude people confoimded in after times those gods with the Titans who introduced them. — Tvti.ek's Hist., Book 1, ch. 0. 1866. EMIGRATION, Military. Goths. The march of Theodoric mu.st be considered as the emigration of an entire people ; the wives and children of the Goths, their aged parents, and most precious effects were carefully transported; and some idea may be formed of the heavy baggage that now followed the camp, bj' the loss of two thousand wagons, which had been sus- : U T EMINKNCK-KMI'LOYMENT. taiiicd in ii Hinj^lo iiclion in the war of Epims. For fhrir subsistence the (Joths depended on the niiigiizines of corn, wiiicii was jrround in l)()rtiil)le mills by the hands of tlieir woincMi ; on tlic milk and tiesh of their tlocks and herds ; on the casual produce of the chase, and upon the conlrihutions which they nii<;;ht imjwse on all who should presume to dispute tli(! passage, or to refuse their friendly assistance. — Gibbon's KoMK, ch. 3J), p. ». I SOT. EMINENCE, Cowardly. Roman h'm- ptror Iloiu/riiie. The Knii)eror Ilonorius was disiinj.Miis)>ed, above his subjects, by the pre- eminence of fear, as well as of rank. The i)ride and luxury in which he was educated had not allowed hmi to suspet't that there existed on the earth any power presunii)tuous enough to invade the repose of llie successor of Augustus. The arts of Mattery concealed the imjiending danger, till Alaric aiiproached the i)alace of Milan. [Ilonorius fled from Alaric, the king of the Vis- igoths.] — GiitnoNs KoMK, ch. lU), p. 201. l«6S. EMINENCE by Worth. Iknni Wihim. On the 2'Jd of November, IK?."), Vice-President AVilson, whose health had been gradually fail- ing since liis inauguration, sank under a stroke of paralysis, and died at Wa.shington City. Like Hoger yiierman, he liad risen from tlie shoe- maker's bench to the highest honors of his coun- try. Without the learning of Seward and Sum- ner — without the diplomatic skill of the one or the oratorial fame of the other, he never- theless po.ssessed tho.se great abilities and .sterling merits wliicii transmitted his name in af t<'r times on the roll of patriot statesmen. — Hiupath's U. S., ch. 68, p. 503. 1§69. EMOTION, Overpowered by. Emjyretttt Josephine. [The imperial family and most illus- trious otflccrs of the empire were a.ssembled at the Tuileries to receive from Napoleon and Jo- sephine tlie official announcement, from each, of their intended divorce.] Jcsepliine, holding a pa- per in her hand, began to read. But her heni't was broken with grief. Uncontrollable sobs choked her voice. She handed the paper to M. lieynaud, and burying her face in her hands, sank into a chair. [In the paper she declared her sac- rifl(.'e of personal happiness in the interest of the French people, who Imd no hope of an heir to the throne from the present union.] — Abbott's Napolkon B., vol. 2, ch. 10. 1S70. EMOTIONS, Hidden. American Indian. lie has little flexibility of features or transparency of skin, and therefore if he depicts his passions, it is by .strong contortions, or the kindling of the eye, that j^cenis ready to burst from its socket. He cannot blush ; the movement of the blood does not visibly represent the movement of his aifections ... he cannot paint to the eye the emotions of moral sublimity. — Banckoft'h Hist. U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22. I §71. EMOTIONS from Success. Xeirton. Newton could, therefore, at once ])ut his conject- ure to the test of arithmetic. He could a.scer- tain two things with the {jreate.st exactness: 1, h(nv nuich force was reipured to keep the moon in its orbit ; and, 2, with how much force the earth did attract the moon, supposing tliat the law of attraction, as establi.shed by Galileo, held good. If these two calculations agreed, his con- jecture was a di-scovery. Ho tried them. They did not agree, llusy with other investigations, he laid aside this uKjuiry for nineteen years, lie then learned that he, in common witiiall the Engli.sh astronomers, was in error as to the dis- tance of the moon from the earth. This error Ix'ing corrected, \w repeated his calculations. When he Imd brought them so near to a cont^lu- sion that he was all l)ut sure of the truth of Ids theory, he became so agitated that he was un- able to go on, and he was obliged to ask a friend to complete tliem. When they were broiight to a close, he saw that his youthful thought was in- deed a sublime, demon.st rated truth. Thus it was that the great law of the attraction of gravitation wasdi.sc(ivered — the most brilliant and valuable discovery ever achieved by a hunuiu mind. — Cyci.oi'kdia ok Bioo., p. 8.")2. 1872. EMPLOYMENT, Agreeable. Audubon. One of the happiest men, and one of the mo.st interesting characters we have had in America, was John James Audubon, the celebrated painter and biographer of American bird.s. He was one of the few men whose pursuits were in perfect accordance with his tastes and his talents. . . . Up with the dawn, and rambling about all day, he was the happiest of men if he returned to his camp at evening carrying in his game-bag a new .specimen with which to enrich his collection. He had no thought whatever of publishing his pictures. " It was no desire of glory," he assures us, "which led me into this exile; I wished only to enjoy nature." — Cycloi'kdia ok Bioo., p. 163. IS73. EMPLOYMENT, Humble. Washington. He iKJCame convinced of the defective nature of the working animals employed in the agriculture of the Southern States, and set about remedying the evil by the introduction of mules, . . . the mule being longer-lived, less lialile to disease, re- quires less food, , . . more serviceable. ... He received a present from the King of Spain of a jack and two jennies. . . . The jack, called the Royal Gift, was sixteen hands high. . . . Lafay- ette sent out a jack and jennies from the island of Malta. [ Wa.shington bred very superior mules from his coacli mares.] — CirsTis' Washington, vol. 1, ch. 22. 1§74. EMPLOYMENT, Opportune. Stephen A. Douglas. In the autumn of the year 1833, at the t«wn of Winchester, in Illinois, there was to be a great auction .sale of property, which drew to the place a large concourse of people from the neighboring country. When the sale was about to begin, the auctioneer was still unprovided with a clerk to enter the goods as they were sold, and he looked about for a person to perform that indispensable labor. At that moment he noticed on the outskirts of the crowd a pale, short, sickly- looking young man, with his coat upon his arm, apparently about nineteen, a stranger in the vi- cinity, who looked as though he might be able to write and keep accounts well enough for the purpose. He hailed him and offered him the place of clerk, at two dollars a day. It so hap- pened that this young man was in very pressing need of employment, for he had recently arriveil in the State, and having walked into Winchester that morning with all his worldly effects upon liis person, including a few cents in his pocket — and but a few — he was anxious how he should EMPLOYMENT— P:ND. 223 got tliroiiirh tlic week. Uv Imd not a friend within a tlioiisimd miles of tiie spot, and his en- tire property would not have brou^fht under the liammcr $5. He aeecpted the clerkship, and mounted to liis place near the auctioneer. — (v- CLOPEniA OF" Hioo., p. 100. 1S73. EMPLOYMENT refaaed. Olinr fiold- Hmitk. lie applii'd at one place, we im told, for employment \n \\w, shoj) of a country apothecary ; but all his medical .science gathered in forei^rii universities could not gain him ihc management of a postal and mortar. He even resorted, it is said, to the stage as a temporary expedient, and ligured in low comedy at a country town in Kent.— IiiviNo'rt OoiiDSMiTif, ch. 6, p. 53. ISre. EMPLOYMENT, Seeking. John Fitch. [The great inventor. His wife was a vixen and unendurable.] Henceforth he was a wanderer. Trudging along the road, he offered himself as a farm-laborer ; but was refused on account of his slender and weakly frame. He tried to en- list as a soldier, but covdd not for the .sam(! rea- .son. He roamed the country, cleaning clocks from bouse to house. At length, after many wanderings, he reached Trenton, where he lived awhile on three pence a day, making bra.ss but- tons, and selling them about the country. Hav- ing obtained a few shillings of Ins own, he in- vested them In the purchase of an old l)rass ket- tle, which he made up into buttons and sold to great advantage. — Cyclopedia ok Bioa., p. 149. l§ry. EMPLOYMENT, Unworthy. Roman Emperor Ilonoriun. Honorius was without pas- sions, and con.sequently without talents ; and Ins feeble and languid disposition was alike in- capable of di.schurging the duties of his rank, or of enjoying the pleasures of his age. In his early youth he made some progress in the exor- cises of riding and drawing the bow ; but he soon relinquished these fatiguing occupations, and the amusement of feeding poultry became the serious and dalljy^ care of the monarch of the West, who resigned, the reins of empire to the firm and skilful hand of his guardian Stilicho. The experience of history will countenance the suspicion luat a prince who was born in the pur- ple received a worse education tlian the meanest peasant of his dominions ; and that the ambitious minister suffered him to attain the age of man- hood without attempting to excite Ins courage or to enlighten his understanding. . . . The .son of Theodosips i))v.s.sed the summer of his life, a captive in his palace, a stranger in his country, and the patient, almost the indifferent, spectator of the nun of the Western Empire, which was re- peatedly attacked, and finally subverted, by the arms of the barbarians. In the eventful history of a reign of twenty-eight years, it will seldom be necessary to mention the name of the emperor Honorius. — Gihbon's Komk, ch. 29, p. 188. 187S. . Roman Emperor TheofJo- sIhk. Tlie ample leisure which he acquired by neglecting the essential duties of his high office was filled by idle amusements and unprofitable studies. Hunting was the only active pursuit tliat could tempt him beyond the limits of the palace ; but he most assiduously labored, sometimes by the light of a midnight lamp, in the mechanic occupations of painting and carving ; and the ele- gance with which lie transcribed religious books entitled the Roman emperor to the singular epi- thet of ('(illifiniitheit, or a fair writer. Sej»arated from thV(K ATK." ISiS. ENEMIES divided, tipnnixh Armada. The Armada lay otf Calais, with its largest ships ranged oiilside, "like strong castles fearing no assault, the lesser i)laced in the ndddle ward." The English adnural couM not attack them in lh(.'ir position without great disadvantage, but on the night of the 29th he .sent eight tire-ships among them, with almost ecpial (effect to that of the fire-ships which the Greeks so often emi)loy- 0(1 against the Turkish fleets in their late war of independent^e. The Si^aniards cut their cables, and put to sea in confusion. One of the largest galeu.s,ses ran fold of another ve.s.sel, and was stranded. The rest of the lleet was scattered about on the Flemish coast, and when the; morn- ing broke it was with diflicidty and delay that they obeyed their admiral's signal to range them- selves round lum near Graveliness. Now was the golden opportunity for the English to assail them, and prevent tluMU from ever letting loose Parma's flotilla against England, and nobly was that opportunity used. Drake and Fcamer were the first Engli.sh cai)tains who attacked the un- wiekly leviathans. — Dkcisivk IJatti.ks, i^ 4;3(). 1 §§6. ENEMIES negleoted. liirkmans. The itheplierds were (;<)nvert(!(l into robbers ; the bands of robbers were collected into an army of con- querors ; as far as Ispahan and the Tigris, Per- sia was aftiicted by their predatory inroads ; and the Turkmans were not ashamed or afraid to measure their courage and numlM-rs with the proudest sovereigns of Asia. Ma.ssoud, the son and successor of Mahmud, had too long neglect- ed the advice of his wi.se.st Omralis. " Your ene- mies," they repeatedly urged, "were in their origin a swarm of ants ; they are now little snakes ; and, unless they be instantly crushed, they will acquire the venom and magnitude of serpents." — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 57, p. 506. 1887. ENEMIES, Partiality to. Philip of Macf- Aon. Scarcely was he sedated on the; tlirone, when he was attacked from every quarter. The Illy- rlans and the Pironians made inroads upon Ids territories. Two rival princes, Pausanias and Argieus, relations of the last monarcrh, disputed his title, each clainung the sovereignty for him- self. The Thraciaiis armed for Pausanlas, the .Mhenians for Argieus. Philip di.sarmed the Pa-o- luaiis by brilK's and prondses. The Thracians were won by asinular policy. He gained a vic- tory over the Ath* coid'ei-cnce with Luther, he went to Lelpsic, and meeting Tetzel he administered ,so severe >i reproof that he si(;kcned and died of chagrin in a Donnnicanchdster, .Inly 4, 1510. Luther wrote Tetzel a comforting letter during his sleekness — an evidence of the nobility of .sovd and large- heartedness of the great Reformer. — Rkin's Ll- TIIKU, ch. 5, ]>. .W. 1889. ENEMY, 'Weapons ftrom the. Ilcrolution- an/ War. [For Sumter's regiment in South Carolina] bullets were cast of jiewter, colh!cted from housekeepers. With scarcely three rounds of cartridges to a man, they coidd obtiun no more biit from their foes ; and the arms of the dead and wounded in one engagement m\ist equip them for another. — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 10, ch. 15. 1 8»©. ENEBOY complimented. JVoptilcon I. With HU(!h tremendous energy did he do this [at- tack English and Austrian armies], that he re- ceived from his antagonists the complimentary sf)l)ri(i\iet of the one hundred thounand men. Wherever Napoleon made his appearance in th« field, his presence alone was considered equal to that force. — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 19. 1891 . ENERGY, Expression of. General Ornnt. [At the battle of Fort Donelson, when ready for the final assault. General Buckncr, the Confed- erate commander, proposed an armistice to .setth; terms of c«q)itidati()n. ] Grant wanted no armis- t ; »<"' WHS tliero a province of the (•nipirc wliudi, in the course of his reiirn, was not honored with the presence of tlu; nionarcli. — Uiuiion'h Uomk, ch. 1, p. 1). ll*9f . ENEEOY of Patrlotiim. Isnid l>iitn/. [Thom- as Wolsey, afterward the ^wnl cardinal, was a ]triest at Mafjdalen ('ollege, and sub.seipiently chiii)laiii of Henry VII.] Ilis promotion in tliat court arose out of his capacity to .seize upon a tit occasion for the display of remarkable energy. It is an attributo of geniu.s thus to make its op- l)ortuiMtic.s, while the ordinary man passes them liy. [Wolsey was sent as a confidential messen- ger to tlie Pimpcror Maxinulian, tlien in Flan- ders.] Having received his instructions from the king, he left Richmond at noon, toolt the ferry-boat at Gravesend, went on with horses to Dover, had a quick passage to Calais, di.scharged Ids commission to the emperor on the second night, travelled back to Calais the next day, and was again at Ilicbmojid on the fourth evening. This was an extraordinary journey for those times. Presenting himself to the king on the fol- lowing morning, he was angrily asked why lie had not set forth on bis travel. [Henry present- ed him with the deanery of Lincoln.] — Kniiiht's Eng., vol. 3. ch. 10, p. 205. 1§9«. ENERGY, Surpassing. Mahomet II. [To the amtiassador.s of Constantine, who protested against the erection of a threatening fortress :] " Keturn and inform your king tliat the present Ottoman is far different from his predecessors ; that hi8 resolutions surpass their wishes ; anil that he performs more than they couiil resolve. lieturu in safety ; but tlie next who delivers a similar message may expect to bo Hayed alive." After this declaration Constantine, the first of tlie Greeks in spirit as in rank, had determined to unsheathe the sword, and to resist the ap- proach and establishment of the Turks on the iiosphorus. — Gibbon's Uomk, cb. 08, p. 375. IS9T. ENGINEERS, Service of. War in Nether- landn. When we contemplate [William, Prince of Orange] this feeble-bodied man, with tlie most heroic spirit, one day in the trenches, an- other day on horseback from mortdngtill idght, . . . we can understand the conlldence he won ; . . . but while wo admire the perseverance of William and the undaunted courage of all the trooiw of the allies, we nmsl not forget that mucli of the success was dui! to the science of th(> '•ngliieer, Coehorn, the great rival of Vau- baii. — K.MiiHT'rt K.Mi., vol. 5, ch. Vi, p. 180. I MOW. ENGRAVING invented. Mezzotiiito. It was invented by the ccleliraled Prince Itupert, son of tlie lOleclor Palatine, about theyear lO.'iO ; and the hint was conceived from observing the effect of rust upon a soldier's fusil, in covering the surface of the iron with innumerable small holes at regular distances. Uu|)ert, who was a great mechanical genius and virtuoso, concluded that a contrivance might l>e found to c(ivera|>lato of copper with such a regular ground of liole.H so closely pierced as to give a black impression, which, if scraped away in proper parts, wouhl leave the rest of tlie paper white ; that thus light and shade might be as lliiely blended, or as strongly dislingiushed, as by the jiencil in paint- ing. He tried the exiieriment by means of an indented steel roller, and it succeeded to his wishes. A crenulated chisel is now used to make the rough ground in place of the roller. This art has been brought Xo very high jjcrfec- tion. Its characteristic is a softness ciiual ti> that of the pencil, and it is therefore pafticularly adai)ti!(l to portraits; and nothing except thu ])()wer of colors can express flesh more naturally, the flowing of hair, the folds of drapery, or tbo reflection from polished surfaci's. Its defect is, that where there is one great mass of shade in the picture it wants an outline to detach and distinguish the different i)arts, which are thus almost lo.sl in one entire shade ; but in the blend- ing of rht and shade there is no other mode of engravi ; that approaches to it in excellence. — Tyti.kus Hist., Book 0, di. 23. 1899. ENMITY, Persistent. Cato. [Cato gave] a stronger instance of his enmity to Carthage ; he never gave bis opinion in tlie Senate upon any other point whatever without adding these words: "And my opinion is, that Ca thago shoidd be destroyed." Scipio, surnamed Nasica, made it a point to maintiun the contrary, ami concluded all his speeches thus : " And my opin- ion is, that Carthage should be left standing." — Pmitaiu'ii. 1900. ENMITY, Race. Normans. In no coun- try has the enmity of race been carried far- ther than in England. . . . His ordinary form of indignant denial was, "Do you take me for an Englishman V" The descendant of such a gentlennm one hundred years later was proud of the English name. — Mai ali,.vy'is Eno., ch. 1, p. 15. 1901. ENTERPRISE, Vast, raeific liailroad. . This vast enterprise was projected as early as 1853, but ten years elapsed before the work of construction actually began. The first division extended from Omaha . to Ogden, ... a thousand and thirty-two miles ; the western di- vision, called the Central Pacific, . . . from Og- den to San Francisco, a distance of eight hun- dred and eighty -two miles. On the 10th of May, 1869, the great work was completed. — Kidpath's U. S., ch. 68, p. 553. 220 ENTEUTAINMKNT— ENVY 1004. INTXRTAIHMIRT.Onlasfor. PaiiliiM /Kmiliut. I After I'liulim /EniiliiiH hud Hiilxliinl tlu! MiircdoniiitiM, lio inml<> grciit ciilcrtuirunciils. | Aiitl li<> Allowed HU Just u disccriiiiH'iit in the order- ing, tiiu pliieitiK, iind HnliitinK of Ids iriiestN, and in dislin>,'id.sidnff wlnit de^ri-e of eivilitv whh «iue t<» every nmn's rimlt and (|uiility, that the Greekn were iirniized at Ids linowledj^e of matters of mere iioliteness, and tiiat andd Ids ^n'at actions ev(!n trilles did not eHcapc Ids altenlion, l)Ut were eondiicled wllli tiie greatest decorum. 'I'liat w'Ideii alTorded Idm tlie Idgliest satisfaction was, tliat, notwillislanding tlie niagidllcencc* and variety of Ids i)re|)aralions, lie Idmself gave till! greatest i)]easure to tlio.so lie entertained. And to tlio.s(> that «'.\pressed tlieir adndralion of Ids managem(>nl on tliese occasions, Ik- said that it recpdred tlie same geidus to draw up an army nnd to order an entertainment; tliat tlie on(! iniglit he most formidahlt; to tlicM-niMny, and I lie other most agreeal)i(! to the company. — Pi.i- •iaiuh's I'm :i.i;s vEmilimh. 100.1. ENTHUSIASM, Patriotic. " Tiukpen- (ffiire Ilitll." All day long the old hellmau of the State lIou.se had stood in the steeple, ready to souinl the note of freedom to the city and tlie nation. Tlic hours went by ; the gray-haired veteran in the belfry grew dis(;ouraged, and be- gan to say, "They will never do it — they will neverdoit"[/.^.,8ign the Declaration of American Independence!. Just then the lad who had been Htationed below ran out and exclaimed, nt the top of his voice, " King ! ring !" and the aged patriot «lid ring as he never did before. . . . Every wIuto the 'declaration was received with enthu.siastie applause. — UiDPATit'a U. S., eh. ;t!), ]>. !l()l). 1001. ENTHirsIASM, Persiitent. Lord Xd- »on. [At tlic battle of ('oi)enhagen, IHOl, Nel- .son was vice-admiral, and led the attack against the Danish fleet. By accident one fourlli of the fleet were unable to participate, and the battle became very destru(;tive. Adndral Parker, a con.servative and aged oflicer, seeing how litth; progress was made after three hours' conflict, Hignalled the fleet to discontinue tlie engagement.] That signal was No. 550. Nelson continued to walk the deck, without appearing to notice the signal. "Shall I repeat it ?" said the .signal lieutenant. " No ; acknowledge it." He turned to the captain : " You know, Foley, 1 have only one eye. I can't see it," putting his glass to Ins blind ej'e. "Nail my signal for close action to the mast," cried Nelson. [The battle was a suc- cess, and th(! Danish fleet destroyed.] — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 23, p. 404. 1005. ENTHUSIASM for Philosophy. A irhim- edes. It is related of lum, that being perpt'tu- ally charmed by a domestic siren— that is, his geometry, he neglected his meat and drink, and look no care of his person ; that he was often carried by force to the baths, and when there he would make mathematical figures in the ashes, and with his finger draw lines upon his body when it was anointed ; so much was he transport- ed with intellectual delight, such an enthusiast in science. And though he was the author of many curious and excellent discoveries, yet he is .said to have desired his friends only to place on his tombstone a cylinder containing a sphere, and to set down the proportion which the contain- ing solid ]m\n to the contained.— Pi,it.\uc'II'8 AI.\iU'Ki.i,im. lOOO. ENTHUSIASM, Remarkable. Joan of Are. She liuiiestly believed hers<'lf inspjri'd by Heaven, and she infused into others that bi^lier. An enthusiast herself, hIk^ tilled a dispirited sol- till' (lay wliich Nhould force tlii'tn to ri'iiu'iiilHT ArlsiiiU'H.— I'm'taiu'IIh Auih- 'I'lllKH. 101 1. ENVY, Unhapplneu of. Iffiiri/ I IT. [AfUT liis victory over the Ocriimn uiixllliiricM| tlio kliij? n'tiuiittl to I'liriM, wlicrc lie iimdc Lis tri- unipliul oiitry, . . . but found, toliiHcxtrciiKMiior- titlciilloii, tliiit, till- I'lilirc crr,'ii WHS iissljriicd Ity the PiirisiuiiM to their idol, tlie Duke of OuiNe. ■■Said lias slain his thousands," cried theinultitiide. ■'but David IiIm leii thouMands, "— Sti KKNTs' FiiANtK, eh. 17, t$ H, p. :{."». I9ia. EPIDEMIC, Oeitruotive. // number there crowded tof^ether. KNioiiTrt Kn(i., vol. M, eh. VI, p. 417. 1913. EPICURES, Reputed. Kn;iliHh. [The Kn>?lish people were called epicures by the im|)ov- erished Scots, who opposed the union of the two nations. They were said to bej devolcul to Dutch cabbages and wlieaten bread, and despising hon- est kal(! and oatmeal. — Knkiut'h KN{t.,vol. 5, ch. 21, p. Al'i. 19l'l. EPISCOPACY, Fiotitloui. lloiinm.. FU<'iKn of .lames II. Adda, the Pope's nunc io n En>,dand,] had, liyii fiction often used in the Chureli of Home, been lately raised to the epis- fopal (iif^nity without having the charfro of any nee. He was called Archbishop of Amasia, Uw. birthplace of Mithridates, an ancient city of which all trace had long disappeared. — M,v- caulay'h Eno., ch. H, p. 241). 1915. EPITAPH, Unique, f-n/ui Yale. [Chief founder of Yale College.] Eliliu Yale lived to lhcag(!of seventv-three years, dying in 1721, and was buried at Wrexam, in Wales. The epitaph on his tombstone is .still legible. After the date of hia birth and death these lines follow : Born in America, in Europe bred, In Africa travelled, and in A.sia wed. Where long he lived and thrived : at London, deacr Much good, some ill, lie did ; so hope all's even. And that his .soul through mercy's gone to heav- en. Y'ou that survive and read, take care For this most certain exit to prepare ; For (mly the actions of the just Smell sweet and blossom in the dust. — CvcLoi'Kui.\ OF Biou., p. 594. 1816. EQUALITY, Religious. Moliamineilan. One of the princes of Roman Syria, Djabalali, adopted the faith of the conquerors. . . . Omar took him along with him, at tlie epoch of the Iiilgriniiige, to accomplish the rites of Islamism at ^Icdina. The Syrian prince, arrayed in silken ap- parel, and wearing a crown decked with priceless pearls — which resembled the ear-drop of Marin, of which this princess had made a present to the temple of Mecca at the moment of her conver- sion — followed by magnificent horses of Nedjid, which his .slaves were leading by the hand, ac- companied Omar in his stations around the holy edifice. A Hedoiiin of tin- trib<' of Kezara, who was walking behind him, trod on thi^ tail of IiIh ( loak, and made it fall from his shoulders. DJa- balah turned around angry, gavt>tliisinaii HNlap, and cut him on the face. The Ke/.arian claimed of Omar satisfaction for this outrage. "Thou hast stricken liiin 'i* " asked the Klialif of Dja- balali. ■' Yes," replied the latter, " and lait for my veneration for the Kaaba, I would have do. veiihishaiid with my sword." " Thou avowcst the act," rejoined Omar ; " tliou must iHirchasti lliin from the otTendcd party a di'sistaiice trniii the coniplainl." ■■ .\iid if I am unwilling to do it y" " 'I hen thou wilt be subject lotlic penally of retaliation. I w.il order tlial this Itcdouiii shall strike thee upoi< the face, as thou hast stricken him." ■' iiut I am a king, and he is iiiil an ob- scure individual." "The king a:Ml tli" beggar are ci|ual befon; the Mu.ssulman law : tliou liasi, over him but thi^ superiority of physical force. " " I had thought I would be still more hmiored in Islamism than in my former religion. " ■' No more words ; satisfy tlie com)ilainant, i>rsubmil to retaliation." — L.v.maiitink'm Tiiikkv, p. 17!J. 1917. EQUALITY, Sentimental. \iij>ol,;)ii /. [lU' profes.sed to believe in the nobility of merit and the e({ualily of men. I .Miirnt sought Napo- leon's sister Caroline lor a bride. " .Murat I Murat !" said Mapoleon, thoughlfully and hesi- tatingly. " lie is the son of an inn keeper. In the elevateil rank [of First Consul | to which I have attained, 1 cannot mix my blood with his." [He afterward consented as a matter of policy.] — Ahuott'w Nai'oi.kon H., vol. l,ch. HI. I9I6(. EQUIVOCATION declined. Jo/ni ]f,m. Huss . . . railed against the ecclesiastical hier- archy and the disorderly lives of the i»opes and bishops. He was cited to api)ear before the couiunl of Constance, and was examined touch- ing tlu! most obnoxious i)assages of his writings. To deny the hierartdiy, and to reproach the con- duct and morals of the bishops, were siilllcieiit crimes in the judgment of a council of these bishops, and Huss was condemned to be bur.; alive. H(! might have .saved his life by simply declaring that he abjured all his errors. The Emperor Sigismund, who wantci'. to save him, thus rea.soned with him : " What harm can there be," .said he, "in any man declaring that he ab- jures his errors ? I am ready this moment to declare that I abjure all my errors ;" but .John Hu.ss was too sincere to save his life by an e(|uiv- ocation. and he suffered death with heroic cour- age. — Tyti.i:ii's Hist., Hook (I, ch. 11. 1919. EQUIVOCATION, Ingenioua. I{fi;/n of JamM If. 1^ William, Prince of Orange, issued a manifesto announcing the invitation of the prel- ates to an invasion of England.] Bislioj) Conip- ton was called into the lojal closet and asked whether he believed that there was the slightest ground for the prince's assertion. The bishop was in a strait, for he was himself one of the .seven who had signed the invitation ; and his conscience, not a very enlightened con.science, would not suffer him, it seems, to utter a direct falsehood. " Sir," he said, " I am quite confi- dent that there is not one of my brethren who is not as guiltless as myself in this matter." The equivocation was ingenious ; but whether the difference lietween the sin of such an equivoca- tion and the sin of a lie be worth any expensse of 2JiH KQUIVOrATIOX-KTUilF/rTK. Iii){i>tiultv niity |NThiij)M Im* iloiilitrd. T\w kinif wuH HitllHfltil " I fully iu'i|iilt '(Ml all," lii> Hitiil : " lull I lliliik it iii'ci'SNjiry tlnit you MJiiiuIti |iul>li<'ly('i)ti(i'iMli<'l tli('wlnn(li>riiu<;>;iil tliiil he nil)j;lit Ih> itllowi'ij III ri'tkil till' |m|M'r whirl) III- vmim ri'i|ulri'il to I'onlniillrt ; Itiit llii' kiii>; wnuM no! nuITit liiin III Iniikiil it. ( Atiiiiiitliir iiili rvirw, | wlii-ii ( 'uniiitiin'H Inni niiiu', lii' parrii'il llii> i|ucsliiiii Nvitli Mil iiilrnitiirs.s wliirli a •Irsiiit nii;;lit liavi> riivlnl. " I >;avi' your Majonty my aiiHWrr yi'H- trrday " M^i \rr\v's Kmi., rli. ')(, p, -llo, I f»'. |('i>ii sluiilinc WHS upiiroarjiih}^' llirrily with a ^fri'at ariiH . I itrrori' Slavi'iillus l< It itiiiiii', In- coiihuII I'd till- Siliylllni' hooks. 'I'lir ;;uai'diaiis of tlu-si- iiiuiriil orarlcs wcri' aswrll vrrsi'ii in Ilii- arls of this world as Ihry wrrr itriioraiil of Ihi' srcrrt.sof fall' ; and lliry nluriird liiin a very prudi'iit an Hwcr, wliirli iniu:ht adapt ilsclf to llii' fvrnl.and KiTiiii' llicir irpulation, wlialrvir nIiouIiI hr tin- (liancc of arms.— (iiniiiiN'M Uomk, cli. It, p. IHO. in*JI. ERROR from Vaitneii. h'.r jilo i-f r. |.Si'i'kiiii; a wi'slnii pns.saj^'c Iroin Miiropi' lo Asia. I Aul;iisI Id, l.'ilD, Admiral Mai^alhaons saili'd from Scvillf, and rcaclird llic roiiHl of Hra/.il in tlii> midilir of DiTi-mlnr. Ill' thni Mti'i'ird to thr south, and, .sailinir riosi' in hIioi'i*, looki'd oiil anxiously to tind a liri'ak in Ilii! coii- tini'iit w liii'li would li't him into llic ^rrcat orran that wiishi'il thr shorrs of Asia, and I'lirircli'd till' rich islands of wliiih hi- was in ipii'sl. 'I'lii.' Iiroad mouth of lliit l^a Plata lurid him in at |iai|ri|i. He cntiTi'd it, hut disriivrriiiLT soon that it was only a rivrr, hi* droppid down tlii' fitri'.'in, and rrsumi'd his run alon;; tin- loasi. — C'vc i.orKi>K,\ OK llioo., p. 21)7. I»!W. ESCAPE by Bravery. /londriici' on whicit, at lust, the fitto oradiitiiiislrutioiis and dymistius dcpi'iidi'd. — MAt'Alii.AY'ri K.NO., cli. 7, p. i!:w. l9'iM. EnLOOISM, Sublime. //// (Innnil Uyond now an ilirUiUd them, whilt; Hath- lU'Ht wrote." — Moswki.i.'h .Iounson, p. (Ml, 10»0. EVASION, Leyal. Itinrmil. It is .said, tliat wlien tlu* amlia.s.sadors from Jja('elr»n I. I After def. It is hard to be ipiestioned on a law which cannot h(! shown, W^liere hath this lire lain hid ,11) many hundreds of years, without smoke to disi'over it, till it thus bursts forth to consume mo and my cliildreii Y It is better to be without laws altogether than to jjcrsuade ourselves that we have laws by which to regulate our conduct, and to find that they consist only in the enmity and arbitrary will of our accirsers. If a man sails upon the Thames in a boat, and splits him- ,Helf \ipon an anchor, and no buoy be tloating to di,scover it, he who ownelli the anchor shall make ,satisfaction ; but if a buoy be set there, every one passeth it at his own peril. Now, where is the mark, where the tokens upon this crime, to declare it to be higli treason ? It has remained hidden uniler thi; water ; no human |)rudenc(t or innocence could preserve me from the ruin with which it menaces nu;. For two hundred and forty years every sjx'cies of treason has lieeii (letiiu'd, and during that long space of time I am the lirst, I am the oidy exception for whom the detinition has been enlarged, that I may be en- veloped in its meshes." — La.mautink's Cuo.m- WKI.I,, p, 11. 1035. EVIDENCE, Convincing. StrnvclJohn- sDii. After we came out of the church, wo stood talking for some time together of Bishop Herkeley's ingenious .sophistry to prove the non- existence of nuitter, and that everything in the univer.se is merely ideal. I observed, that though we are satisfied his doctrine is not true, it is impo.ssible to refute it. I never shall forget the alacrity with which Johnson answered, .strik- ing his foot with mighty force against a larg(! stone, till he rebounded from it, "I refute it thus." — BoHWKLi^'s Johnson, p. 131. 1036. EVIDENCE discredited. Jatn^'n IT. James informcHl this great assend)ly [of notables] that he thought it necessary to produce proof.s aao j:vii)en('e. of the birtli of his h(mi. The arts of Ijiul men luid poisoned the public mind to sucli an extent timt very nmny believed tlit rrince of Wales to be a supposititious child ; but Providence had frraciously ordenid things so that scarcely any l)riiico had ever come into the world in the pres- ence of so many witnesses. All who were pres- ent appeared to be satisfled. The evidence was instantly published, and was allowed by judi- cious and impartial persons to be decisive. IJut the judicious are always a minoritv ; and .scarce- ly .;;:j body was then impartial. I'lie whoU; na- tion was convinced that all sincere papists tliought it a fluty to perjure themselves whenever they could, by jierjury, serve the interests of their Chur'h. >Ien who, having been bred Proles- lanls, had, for the sake of lucre, pretended to be ton verted to popery, were, if possible, lesstrust- At'orthy even than sincere papists. The deposi- tions of all wlio belonged to these two clas.scs "were therefore regarded as mere nullities. — M.\- CAUL.w's Eno., ch. 9, p. 434. I9;ir. EVIDENCE, External. Gnostics. As the Christian religion was received, at first, by many, from the conviction of its trutli from exter- nal evidence, and without a due examination of its doctrines, it was not surprising that many who called themselves Christians should retain the doctrines of a prevailing philosophy to which they have been accustomed, and endeavor to ac- commodate these to the system of revelation, Avhich they found in the sacred volumes. Such, for example, were the Christian Gnostics, who intermixed the doctrines of the Oriental philoso- phy concerning the two separate principles, a good and an evil, with the precepts of Christianity, and admitted the authority of Zoroaster, as an inspired personage, equally with that of Jesus Christ. Such likewise were the sect of the Am- monians, who vainly endeavored to reconcile to- gether the opinions of all the different schools of tl.j pagan philosophy, and attempted, with yet greater absurdity, to accommodate all these to the doctrines of Christianity. From this confusion of the pagan philosophy with the plain and simple doctrines of the Christian religion, the Church, in this period of its infant state, suffered in a mo.st essential manner. — Tytlkk's Hist., Book 5, ch. 4. 193§. EVIDENCE of common Fame. Mon- nwuth'H lieMlion. The fact that Monmouth was in arms against the government was so notorious that the bill of attainder became a law with only a faint show of opposition from one or two peers, and has seldom been censured even by Whig liis- torians ; yet when we consider how important it is that legislative and judicial functions should be kept distinct, how important it is tliat com- mon fame, however strong and general, should not })e received as a legal proof of guilt, how im- ])ortant it is to maintain the rule that no man shall be condemned to death without an oppor- timiiv of defending himself, and how easily and speedily breaches in great principles, when once made, are widened, we shall probably be dis- posed to think that the course taken by the Par- liament was open to some objection. Neither liouse had before it anything which even so cor- rupt a judge as Jeffreys could have directed a jury to consider as proof of Monmouth's crime.. — >'I.\caulay's Eno., ch. 5, p. 538. 1030. EVIDENCE, Forced. Kiugfita Templam. On the 13th of Octolwr, 1307, not only Du Mo- lay , but all the Knights Templars throughout the realm ot France, were arrested and thrown into prison ; and Philip [IV.] proceeded in per- •son to the vast fortress of the Temple at Paris, of winch he took forcible po.s.ses8ion. Certain se- cret revelations had been made to the k'ng by two renegade memliers of the Order, who had been condemned for gross misconduct and im- l)ri.soned for life ; and the Templars were charged upon their testimony with the most monstrous crimes, including systematic blasphemy and im- piety, shameless immorality, and deliberate apos- tasy from the Christian faith. One hundred and forty of the prisoners were immediately examined before the Grand Inquisitor at Pans ; and the severest tortures having been employed to ex- tract confes.sion, admissions were obtained which .seemed to a great extent to establi.sh their guilt. — Students' Fuanck, ch. 9, t? 19, p. 188. 1040. EVIDENCE, Impossible. Mutiny. In their .secret conferences they exclaimed against him as a desperado, In-nt, in a mad phantasy, upon doing something extravagant to render himself notorious. What were their suflferings and dan- gers to one evidently content to sacrilice liis own life for the chance of distinction ? . . . As an ef- fectual means of preventing his complaints, they might throw him into the .sea, and give out thiii he had fallen overboard while bu.sy with his in- .struments contemplating the stars ; a report which no one would have either the inclination or the means to controvert. Columbus was not ignorant of the mulinoi'" disposition of his crew, but he still maintained a serene and steady coun- tenance ; soothing .some with gentle words ; en- deavoring to stimulate the pride or avarice of others, and openly menacing the refractory with signal punishment, should they do anything to imjx'de the voyage. — Iuving's Columbus, Book 3, ch. 4. 1041. EVIDENCE, Indisputable. Coat of Mail. [In 1405 Archbishop Scrope joined a rebellion against Henry IV. He was taken and behead- ed. The pope claimed that the king had no jurisdiction over a prelate — that it was an offence against the Church, and he] issued a temporary sentence of excommunication against all who had been concerned in liis death. There is a story [that Henry] charged a messenger to de- liver the armor of the archbi.shop to the pope, with the.se words of the brothers of Joseph : " Lo! this we have found ; we know not wheth- er it be thy son's coat or no." — Knigut's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 3, p. 50. 104a. EVIDENCE, Inferential. C.ir, besides the strong evidence which we have for it, there is a balance in its favor from the number of great men who have been convinced of its tnith, after a serious consideration of the question. Grotius was an acute man, a lawyer, a man ac- customed to examine evidence, and he was con- vinced. Grot'Ius was not a recluse, but a man of the world, who certainly had no bias to the side of religion. Sir Isaac Newton .set out an infidel, and came to be a very firm believer. — BoswKLL'a Johnson, p. 125. IVialofStraffm-d. he defended him- 1059. EVIDENCE, Slender. Strafford wius brought to trial self with great ability. The charge upon the whole was certaiuiy relevant ; but though it was apparent he had acted with great intemnerance and indiscretion, nothing was proved which was sufficient to justify a penal conclusion. His ene- mies now found it neces.sary to attempt a new mode of prosecution, and this was the most un- justifiable part of their procedure. A bill of at- trtindar was brought into the House of Commons, in which the principal proof adduced of Straf- ford's guilt was a scrap of paper in the hand- writing of Sir Henry vane, consisting of notes taken of a debate in the privy council on the subject of the war again.st the Scots, in which StrafTord was said to have urged the king to go on to levy the ship-money, and to have hinted that he was now absolved from all rules of gov- ernment. Six counsellors, together with Vane, had been present at this debate. Four of these declared that they recollected no such expres- sions of Strafford's ; the other two could give no evidence, as one had left the country and the other was a state-prisoner. Vane's evidence, therefore, .stood single and unsupported ; yet a majority of the Commons pa.s.sed the bill of at- tainder ; and the Peers, intimidated by these vio- lent and desperate mea.sures, which made every man tremble for his own .safety, [ajiproved.] — Tytleu's IIkst., Book 6, ch. 29, p. 408. 1953. . liomnn Einjwror Ihnnitian. The moii.ster — for sucli his life declared him — contriviul, like some of his imworthj' ])redeces- sors, for awhile to conceal his vices. He affect- ed to show a moderation and a love of justice, Avliich gave promi.se of a happy reign ; but his natural position soon unveiled itself. An insur- rection, which hai>pened at that time in Ger- many, gave him an opportunity of .satiating him- self with blood. The rebellion itself was speedi- ly quelled, but its consccpiences were long de- plored in the innumerable murders of the most respected among the citizens, for which the bare suspicion of having been concerned in the re- bellion afforded always a suflScient pretext. In- formers, that desi)icable brood, the scourge of men of worth, began again to swarm through- out the country ; slaves were bribed to give evi- dence against their masters ; pretenders to a.strol- ogy were appointed to draw the horoscope of the principal citizens, the emperor ordering those to be i)ut to death to whom fortune promised anything great or successful. — Tytlkh's Hist. , Book 5, ch. 8. 1954. EVIDENCE by Symbols. BarhnrianK. Some of the northern barbarous nations use, at this day, a mode of authenticating contracts by symbols, which is a nearer approach to the so- lemnity of writing. After the agreement is made, the parties cut a piece of wood irregularly into two tallies ; each party keeps one of these, and both are given up and destroyed when the bargain is fulfilled. A custom of this kind suj)- poses a state of society where all agreements are of the simplest nature ; for these tallies, though they might certify the existence of a contract, could never give evidence of its tenor. — Tyt- ler's HrsT., Book 1, ch. 3. 1955. EVIl overruled. Henry VTIT. The ori- gin of the Ueformation in England is to be traced to a cause still more remote from the real inter- ests of religion than that which gave rise to the Reformation in Germany. As early as the middle of tne fourteenth century, the learned Wicllffe had begun an attack against many of the abu.ses in the Church of Rome, both in his sermons to the people and in his writings. . . . Such was the state of things at the beginning of the reign of Henry VIII., who was a prince zealou.slv at- tached from education to the doctrines of the Church of Rome ; but he was yet more addicted to the unrestrained gratification of his passions, and this, in fact, was one of the minor though immediate causes of the Reformation in Eng- land.— Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 20. 1956. EXAOOEBATION, Barbarian. MojeaUi. The barbarian princes [undenAttilaJ confe.s.sed,in the language of devotion or flattery, that they could not presume to gaze, with a steady eye, on the divine majesty of the king of the Huns. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 34, p. 391. 1957. EXAOOEBATION detected. Sroof of his inattention to nobler studies. — Pmitauch'h Pkuici,ks. I960. EXCESS, Beaotion of. Erecution of C/iiirlt'M I. His long misgovernment, liis innu- merable pcrrtdies, were forgotten. His memory was, in the minds of the great majority of liis subj(!Cts, as.sociated with those free in.stitutions which lie had, during many years, labored to destroy ; for tho.se free institutions had perished with liim, and, amid the mournful silence of a comnumity kept down by arms, liad been defend- ed by his voice alone. From that day began ii reaction in favor of monarchy and of the ex- iled house — a reaction which never ceased till the throne had again been set up in all its old dignity. — Macaulay's Enu., ch. 1, p. 120. 197©. EXCESSES, Kuinous. Charles XII. [King of Sweden.] His character, in a few words, IS well summed up by Voltaire: "He carried all the virtues of a hero to that excess that they b(!came as dangerous as their opposite vices. The obstinacy of his resolution occasioned all his misfortunes in the Ukraine, and kept him five years in Turkey. His liberality degenerating into profusion ruined his kingdom ot Sweden. His courage pushed to temerity was the occa- sion of his death. His justice often amounted to cruelty ; and in the last years of his life the maintenance of his authority approaciied to tyr- anny. His many great qualities, of which a sin- gle one might have immortalized another prince, were the ruin of his country. He never was the first to atUick, but he was not always as prudent as he was implacable in his revenge. He was the first who had the ambition to be a conqueror without the desire of aggrandizing his domin- ions. He wished to gain empires only to give them away. His passion for glory, for war, and for revenge prevented his being a good politi- cian, a quality without which there can be no great conqueror. Before he gave battle, and after lie gained a victory, he was all modesty ; after a (lefeal he was all resolution, rigid to others as to himself, counting for nothing the fatigues or the lives of his subjects any more than his own. He was, in short, a .singular man rather than a great one — a character more to be admired than imitated. — Tytlkh's Hist., Book 6, ch. 35, p. 482. 1971. EXCISE, Laws of. First English. The first imposition of a tax known as excise was l)y the Parliament after the civil war. Beer, ale, cider, and perry were zo taxed in 1645. The lloyalists raised money by a similar tax. Tliese duties were continued at the Restoration, with additional imposts on the new luxuries of tea and coffee. In the reign of James II. there was a temporary excise upon wine. In the reign of William distilled liquors were thus taxed. The customs duties were greatly diminished by frauds of enormous magnitude. — Knigut's Emg., vol. 6, ch. 4, p. 69. 1972. EXCISE, Unexecuted. Robert Burns. ["When excise oflJcer,] a woman who had been brewing, on seeing Burns coming with another excise man, slipped out by the back door, leaving a servant and u little girl in the house. " Has there been ony brewing for the fair here the day '(" " Oh no, sir, we hae nae license for that," an- swered the servant maid. " That's no true," ex- claimed the child; "the mucklo black klst Is fou' o' the bottles o' yill that my niither sat up a' nicht brewing for the fair." ..." We are in a hurry just now," said Burns, "but when we return from the fair, we'll examine the muckle black kist." — Siiairp's Buuns, ch. 5. 1973. EXCITEMENT, Delusive. Williain of Orange. [In Devonshire] the very senses of the multitude were fooled by the imagination. News- letters conveyed to every part of the kingdom fabulous accounts of the size and .strength of the invaders. It was afHrmed that they were, with scarcely an exception, above six feet high, and that they wielded such huge pikes, swords, and muskets, as had never before been seen in Eng- land. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 9, p. 452. 1974. EXCITEMENT of Discovery. Califor- nUi Gold. In the evening of February 2, 1848, James Marshall suddfuily rode into the fort — his horse foaming, and both horse and rider spat- tered all over with mud. The man was laboring under wild excitement. Meeting Captain Sutter, he asked to be conducted to a room where they could converse alone. The astonished Sutter complied with his desire, and they entered a se- cluded apartment. Marshall closed the door, and asked Captain Sutter if he was certain they were safe from Intrusion, and begged him to lock the door. The honest Sutter began to think the man was mad, and wa.i a little alarmed at the idea of being locked in with a maniac. He assured Marshall that they were safe from interruption. Satisfied, at length, upon this point, he took from his pocket a pouch, from which he poured upon the table half a thimbleful of yellow grains of metal, with the exclamation that he thought they were gold. " Where did you get it ?" asked Cap- tain Sutter. Marshall replied that, early that morning, the water being shot off from the mill- race, as usual, he noticed, in passing along, shin- ing particles scattered about on the bottom. He picked up several, and, finding them to be metal, the thought had burst upon his mind that they might be gold. Having gathered about an ounce of them, he had mounted his horse and ridden forty miles to impart the momentous secret to his employer, and bring the yellow substance to some scientific test. Captain Sutter was at first disposed to laugh at his excited friend. Among his stores, however, he happened to have a boi- tle of aqua-fortis, and the action of this power- ful acid upon the yellow particles at once proved them to be pure gold ! — Cyclopedia of Biog., p. 525. 1975. EXCITEMENT, Popular. Assassination of Uasar, Mark Antony took advantage of these fa'orable dispositions. The body beuig laid on a couch of state in the forum, he mounted the consul's tribunal, and after reading the decree of the Senate, which had conferred upon Caesar even the honors due to a divinity, he entered into an enumeration of all his illustrious achieve- ments for the glory and aggrandizement of the state ; he then proceeded to recount the examples of his clemency, and heightened all his virtues EXCOMMUNICATION— EXPECTATIUN. 235 Willi tlju moMt j)!ith('ti(' eloquence. "By these titles we htive sworn that his person should be liclil sacred iind inviolable ; tmd here," said he, " beholii the forcx' of our oaths." At these words lie lifted up the robe which covered the body, and holding,' it out to the people, who melted into tears, lie showed it all covered with blood and pierced with the daggers of the conspirators. A ireiicral cry of vengeance was heard. — Tytlkh'b Hist., liook 4, ch. 3, p. 416. I07«. EXCOMMUNICATION or Honey. Pupal. f Henry HI. had received ut the hands of the pope th(! crown of Sicily for his son J]dmund.] 'I'he pope had really advanced a large sum, which Henry could not repay ; and a Roman agent . At Ids own dictation Ih; was . . . ap- pointed [a. I). \^'A1\ j^overnor of Cuba and Flor- ida, with theprivile^oof exploring and conquer- ing the latter couiitry. . . . A great company of young Spaniards, nearly all of them wealthy and high born, flo{;ked to his standard. Of tlutso he selected 60U of the most pdlant and Lord-ljieutcn- aiil of Ireland.] All opposition, howc^r, yii^ld- ed to Tyrconners energy and ciimiing. lie fawned, bullied, and bribed indefatigably. Pe- trel's \\\.'\\t was secured by flattery. SundiTland was plicil at once with i)romises and menaces. . . . Tyrconnel threatened to let the king know tli.'it [Sunderland] the lord jiresident hiul, at the Friday dinners, described his Majesty as a fool, who must be governed either by a woman or by a priest. Sunderland, pale and trembling, otrcred to iirocure for Tyrconnel su- jireme military command, enormous appoint- ments — anything but the vice-royalty ; but all compromise was rejected ; and it was necessary to yield. . . . With a chain of pearls he . . . boasted. . . he had inirchased the support of the queen. [lie succe(;ded.] — Macai.i.ay's Eno., ch. 6, p. 145. 199S. EXPULSION of Scholars. Jnmfi^ IT. [The fellows of Magdalen College refii.sed to vote lor James' nominee for ])resi(lent, as ho favor- ed the overthrow of the Protestant faith.] Then the king, as he had threatened, laid (m them the whole weight of his hand. They were by one sweeping edict condemned to expulsion. Yet this i)unishmcnt was not deemed sufticient. It was known that many noblemen and gentlemen who possessed church patronage would be dis- I)osed to provide for men who had sulTered so much for the laws of England and for tLj Protestant religion. The High Commission therefore pronounced the ejected fellows inca- l)able of ever holding any church preferment. Such of them as were not yet in holy orders were pronounced incapable of receiving tho clerical character. James might enjoy the thought that he had reduced many of them from a situation in wliich they were surround- ed by comforts, and had before them the fairest professional prospects, to hopeless indigence. But all the.se severities produced an effect direct- ly the opposite of that which he had anticipated. I See No. 2.]— Macatlay'sEno., ch. 8. p. 279. 238 EXTERMINATION— EXTRAVAGANCE. I 1000. EXTEBHINATION, War of. ijueen AiiHi'n W'lir, The Intliaiis vuriisii(!tl wlit'ii their lioiucs wiTo Inviulfd ; tlicy ct)ul(l not Itc rc- «l\i<'i' parties and l>alroi the forests in search of Indians, as . . . for wild beasts, . . . i'oO per scalp. — 15.\.n- tuorr's r. S., vol. '.\, eh. :21. 2000. EXTORTION complete, /v n i property his own, and a morning never roso upon an English family which was not dreaded as the possible herald of some new oppression, it is quite curious, and moves to a natural indigna- tion, to notice the enormous sums expended by the King on diamonds, jewels, and chains of gold, either for himself or for personal presents. We read of £10,400 paid to < .le William Rogers, a goldsmith ; we read of £10,000 paid to Philip Jaeob.son, a jeweller, for a ring, etc. ; we read of £2000 paid to Henry Garway, Esq. , for one large thi(^k table diamond ; we read of £8000 paid to Sir Manrill Abbott for a diamond set in a collar of gold ; and, in fact, their lie before us KXTRAVAOANCE— FACT8. 230 It loiiK ('ntalofj:ue of Niinilur iUtniH, inf H»t) king. — Huod'h I'UOMWKM,, ell. )), p. fSf). SlOlil. EXTBAVAOANCE of wounded Pride. Ai/itl WiUiiiin J'itl. [\iy ncccptinj; llu) peerage IIS liord (/'liiitliiini he lost his poixilurlty willi tlii; pco])!*^ mill his power wIlli I'urliimu'iit.] A iiiorhid rcslit'ssiu'ssuowlcd lilni to j^rcat, uiiil cx- lrava;^aiit cxiu'Iihc, in wliicli lie vifd willi IhoHis who wcrc! no nioru than his ('(pials in Iho pccr- ajjc, hill who won! hcsidcs the liiiicritorH of vast eslati's. He would drlvu out with ten outridt'is and with Iwocarriafjcs, each drawn hy six horses. Mis vain nia^rnilUrencu deceived no oiu; hut him- self, and was hut the poor relief of huinlilid pride.— Hancuokt's U. H., vol. (t, cli. ill. aOi:i. EXTBAVAOANCE rebuked. Woxfitiir/fon. A simple shad wascaiii:;ht in the Delawan; in Feb- ruary. . . . When tlu( tlsli was served, Washinf;- toii suspected a departure from his orders loueh- iiu; tli(i provision to be made for his talll(^ and said to Fraunces, ..." What fish is this •{" " A shad, a very tine shad," wa.s the reply ; " I knew vour Kxcelleney was parli(^ularly fond of this kind of fish, and was so fortunate as to jirocure this one in market — a solitary one, and tin; first of the sea.s()n." "The price, sir; the price!" continued Washington, in a stern, commandinj; lone ; "the price, sir ?" " Three — three — Ihret? dollars," stainmijred the coiLsc^haiee-stricken steward. " Take it away," thundered the chief — "take it away, sir; it shall never be said that my table sets such an exainj)le of luxury and extravagance." — Custis' Washinoton, vol. 1, ch. 21. 3014. EXTBAVAOANCE, Buinous. RomanH. [(;ato the Ceii.sor reproved tlie Uoinans for their extravagant habits.] One day when the Romans clamored violently and unseasonably for a dis- tribution of corn, to dissuade them from it lie thus began his address : " It isa ditlicult task, my fellow-citizens, to speak to the belly, becau.se it hath no ears, " Another time, complaining of the luxury of the Romans, he said : " It was a hard matter to save that city from ruin, where a fish was sold for more than an ox." — Pi.utaucu's C'ato. 3015. EXTBEHITT, Desperate. Siegeof Rome. [See No. 207«.] A crowd of spectres, pale ami emaciated, their bodies oppressed with disea.se and their minds with despair, surrounded the l>alace of the governor, urged, with unavail- ing truth, that it was the duty of a master to maintain his slaves, and humbly requestfd that he would provide for their subsistence, per- mit their flight, or command tlieir immediate execution. Bes.sas replied, with unfeeling tran- (|uillit3% that it was impossible to feed, unsafe to (iismi.ss, and unlawful to kill, thesubjectsof the emperor. Yet the example of a private citizen might have .shown his countrymen that a tyrant cannot withhold the privilege of death. Pierced by the cries of five children, who vainly called on their father for bread, lie ordered them to follow his steps, advanced with calm and silent despair to one of the bridges of the Tiber, and, covering his face, threw himself headlong into the stream, in the presence of his family and the Roman people. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 43, p. 255. 3016. EXTBEHITT, Mitenble. Bntona. Pul- cheria, the sister of Theodosius, who had in real- it v governed the empire during the whole reign of her wlf on tlie throne, and at the same time marri(!iil Johnmn. Young Johnson ha». thi'iifit. Ill Ills (list mIdrcMM to 11m> pcoiilc . . . wiim luii>flic(l iitaixi iiitrrnipti'd by their rliiiiiors ; for tlio violctici! of Ills nmiiiicr tlin^w liiiii into :i conftiMioii of pcriodM, iiiid ii diHtorlioii of Ids itrgtiiiicnt. HcsidL', liu Imd ii wcukiicss mid u Ntiiiniiiciiii^ in Ids voice, iiiid ii wiinl of brt'iitli, wiiicli ciiiiHcd swell ii distraction in lilsdUeoiusc, tliiit il VMis (IllUcidt for tint luidiciico to under Htiind liiin, At last, upon IiIh (luiltln^ the as- HCdildv, lOiinoinus, the- riiraclan, a man now ex trcinclv old, foiiiui him wanderin<{ in adejecled condition in tlie I'lriuiis, and look upon him to set him ri;rht. " Vou," hmuI lie, " have a man- ner of spcaklnij very lik(! that of I'ericlcs ; and yet you loso yourself out of mere timidity anil cowardice, Vou neither hear up a^rainst the tumults of a i)o])ular assemhly, nc- prepare your body by exercise! for tlus laitor oi the rostrum, but sutler your i)Mrls to wither awav in lU'irll- piic(! and indolence." — I'm taik ii's J)i;xi()h- •I'llKNKS. aO*i«. FAILURE, Game of. Fimt Cihh; The cable WHS found, ]ilcked up, and joined to the rest ; and this wonder of tiie world was accom- I)llslied. 'I'lie cabl(; was taken out of tliu ocean \vlier(! it was two and a half miles deep. " In takinif up the lirst calile," .Mr. Cooper continued, " the cau-assin;j it into thon Hut rockH anil Hand liankM, and only ."lO Hlii|m with alioiit tkMtO tnin of all this prodi^rjoim iirnianicnl rclnrncd liiHiiain. When inti'lli^rcnci' >r thin gn-al national niHfoiliinr arrivt'd al Mad rid, th(t tx'havior of l'liill[> | II. | ujion that or I'aMiou was, it nnist lir owned, truly nia;;n!iid iiroUH. " (ItMl'n liolji irill Im\ )/i>i,f," -aid lie ; " / t/u)ii(//it tiil/m/f II iiiiifch Jiff thf ixiirci- ;ivcn the advice, added to it, we trust, his lilessin;?, Iiul no money ; that was furnished from the scantier purses of (Joldsmith's lirotlicr, his sister (Mrs. Ilod.son), and his ever-ready uncle, Contariiie. It wax in the autumn of 1752 that (loldsmith arrived in Kdlnliui I.. — IiiviNd's Goi.K-^Mrru, ch. 3, p. yr. a03l. FAILURES lurmoanted. Admitir. (U- hle. After a t'W weeks of successful opera- tion, the first A I hint ic (tabic;, laid by Mr. P'ield in lHr»H, had ceased to work. 'I'lie friends of \\\v. enterprise were yreatly disheartened. Not .so with Mr. Field. . . . Ih; mfulc fifty voya, asked leave of I^eo to read and to e.xainine the works of IjUthcr, wliicli at that time Were |inihibitcd under pain of excommuni- cation : and in a short titin; he composed a trea- tis(' in defence of the sttven .Hacranieiils, iinainst the attacks of I,ulliei, which was received by I'ojie Leo (who very probably never read it) with the highest ap|)robiition. Henry and his succes- sors (in return fortius service done to the church) had the title givi n them of /lifinilrrH of (hi; /;«y//.— Tvti.i;u'h Hist., IJook (i, cli. ^0, p. 20;!. !20:t't. FAITH despised. Hcu-nce. A just and severe' censure liius been inllicled on the law of (the Kniperor .Julian] which |irohibite(l thetJhris- tians from teaching the arts of grammar and rhetoric. 'I'lie motives alleged by the emperor to justify this partiiil and oppressive! measure might command, during his liletime, tlie silence of slaves and i Ik; applau.se of flatterers. Julian abuses the ambiguous meaning of a word which mij'ht lie indilTerently ajijiiied to the language anil the religion of the Greeks; lie contempt- uously (lb erves, that the men who exalt the merit of implicit faiih are unfit to claim or to en- joy the advantages of science ; and lie v.iiuly con- tends, that if they refuse to adore tins gods of Homer and Deniostlu^nes, they ought to content them.selves witli cxjioundiiu' l,uke and Matthew in the churn iifU-rwiinl IImt<> wuh millilniir left for xii|i|MT. Another united prayer iiieelInK wmm, Iherefore, lieM, In order lliut llicy iiiIkIiI lieneeeli tlie Lord inerrirully lo iippeiir on their iN-hitlf : iind thU lie Inviiriul'ly did.— Likk dk Okouok Miki.i.KK, p. at). aO:i6. FAITH InTlgortUd. f>ifflnilli>M The 4'iiiiteniporuries of .MoNe.s ititii .lo.sjiiia hiiil heheld \^illl cureh'HH Inditfereiiee tlie inoNt iiniii/.in^ inir luh'H. I'lider tlie pres.siire of every ciiliiinltv, the liellef of thoxe niiriuleM Iiiim preserved tfie JewH of II inter period from tlie iiniverHal eoiitii ^'ioti of idolitlry ; imd In contrudlellon to every known principli' of Ihf hiinmn mind, that Nliipi- liir peoph; seem to have yielded ii Hlroii^er and more ready iiNsent to the IradllionMof their re mole ancestors than to the evidenee of liieir own KcnseH.— ( JinnoNH HoMi:, eh. I."), p. rdO. aoar. FAITH, Living by. aionjfi MnU,r. In 1{ri>tol, as at. 'rei;;nmoiith, thoiii^h he eonliniicl to live without, any reirniar income, (}o(l never iiilo\M'd him nor fiis family to want, mid, with llie Apostle Paul, lie was fjfcuerally ahle to say, "I hav(; all and alioiind." On the other hand, however, it is rl;;ht to stale, that times withoul numher his faith was .sorely tried — heeause wlieii (tod jrives faith lie always tries It ; but when ever there was no money I'fl, instead of lieintr «lis<'oura.L;ed, lii^ and his beloved wife would kneel down and ask (lod ^raeioiisly to send them lielp ; which, sooner or later, was liivaria biy granted. Sometimes it iia))pencd, too, that not only was there no money left, but. that, nil th( provisions likewis«' in the house wereifone ' — a tryinj; state of things indeed ; the; Lord never .siitTered them, however, to be confounded. — liiKK OK Gkoikik Mn.i.Kii, p. 'iA. ilO»N. FAITH, Power of. I'liriham. There is notliin>^ more remarkabh', in tin; course of this civil war, than the fact that men who had just come from the in.irket and plou^ii should meet the Ctivaliers on thcur own Kro'ind, iind de- feat them. The Hoyaiists prided theniselveH on tln'ir military character ; war was their trade and tin ir boast ; swordsmen, they profcs-sel to be skilled in all the discipline and practice", the field. It wa,s tlieir ancestral character ; il was the crest and crown of their feudalism, and, de- feated in war, they had nothing; further to boiust of. llow wa.s it ? Tlu! history w(i hav(\iriven in some degree; explains it ; but the principal rea- son, after all, is found in the liiglier faith. Look lit the watchwords of the two armies as they rushed on to conflict: "Truth and Peace! " Cio(i is with us !" " The Lord of llost.s !" .such mottoes contra.st favorably with " The King and tiueen Mary !" " I Icy ! n)r ('avalicirs !" or even that of " The Covenant !" These men charged in battle as if In-neath the eye of (Jod ; to them it was no play, but business : they knew that they rushed on, many of them, to their death, but they heeded not, for their spirit's eye caught visions of waiting chariots of tire, and'horses of tire, hovering round the field ; and they ad- vanced to the conflict, mingling with the roar of musketry and the clash of steel the .sound of jisalms and spiritual songs. — IIood'h Ciiom wei.l, tb. 6, p. 103. a039. FAITH, Victory by. Sir Hnirt/ Vane. [After the restoration of Charles IL, Sir Henry Vane, who supported the Commonwealth, was pronounced giillly of IrciiHon, nnd confWiml in the I'nvser. Ills enemieN urged IiIn execution. Ilii writes his wife from prison :| " They tliut pre.sM MO eiirnestly to carry on my trial do little know what presence of (hid may be alTorded me In It, and isNiie out of it. to the magnifying of Clirlst In my Uidy, by life or by deatli. Nor can they, I am sure, fmagiiie how much I desire to In' dls solved and be with Christ, which of all tlilngM that can befall me I accounl IhebeHt. " — Kniuiit'ii I:noi.,\.ni>, vol. I, ch. 1*1, p. ::'(I4). ilOiO. FAITHFULNESS rewarded, //.v thf Pio/d)'. (Ill lti;J7 William Prynne was lirouglit up from Ills prison with his ears sewed on, to Ih^ imnlshed by the HtarChamber for publlNliliig a book against Sabbath breaking. Also came Henry Iturton, who had olTended in a sermon, and in a tract. And Hobert Itastwlck, who had publiNlied prelacy us identical with po|M>ry. Kach wcri' lined ITilKMI, lo be degraded from llieir pro fesslons, to be |ilaced in the pillory, to have tlieir ears cut olT, and tlieir cheeks and foreheads iiranded, and lo bi^ conllned for life In distant trisoiis. Three years later their priiiclph's liave Kiriie fruit. Their pelilions reach the llou.se. These prisoners were ordered to Ik' brought lo Lotidon. Hiirlon and Prynne made a triumph- al entry. Haillle says, "Never here siu'h ii like show : about a thousand horse, and.as.somt? of gooil note say, above four thousand ; above ii hundred coaches and, as many say, above two hundred." Hnslwick retunu'd with trumpel.H sounding, and torches liiiridng, and a thousand horse for his convoy.]— Knkiii 'h En(1., vol. \i, ch. '2H, p. 444. SI04 1 . FALSEHOOD, Confirmed in. Cfinrlfn I. Cromwell, wo believe, all along used thecircum Hliuu-es as they tnmspired as l)est lie could. What would we have had him do? When the king wuH con(piered, would we have had him i)luce the conquered tyrant once more upon the throne, without any promise or constitution ? We havo He(!n that there wiih no reliance on his faith ; yet there are those who liave ever a good word for him. Hut ho could not bo true, In; could not bo sincere. " I wonder you don't leave ofT this abominable custom of lying, (JJeorge," said Lord Muskorry to the celebrated George Hooke, when they were wuling together. " I can't help it," sakl George. "Pooh! pooh!" said his lord.sliip ; " it may ho done by degrees. Bupposc; you were to liegin by uttering one truth a day !" If Cliarles had only told the truth "fry degrees," had he been sincere only now and then, he might have been saved! lie signed the death- warrant of his best friend and strongest servant. Lord Strafford, aftiir he had most faithfully pledged that he woidd rather lose his crown than perform such an act of unfealty, and " on the word of It king" beciinK! a i)rovin'b and byword from that circumstance through all ages. Then (lime the revelations of the letters seized on the field of Naseby. Then, when tho king was in the power of the Parliament, Cromwell desireil to save him, and Cromwell was willing to do .so. The king hud appealed to him, in hi.s despair, from the Isle of Wight ; nnd the letters, in the saddle-bags of the king's private messenger, to the (|ueen in France, seized at the Blue Boar, in llolborn, revealed the king as saying of Crom well, whose hand was graciously at liis own PALSKiroOD-FAMK 243 ]K'ril Having liiiii, " lli> llilnkM tliiit I iiiiiy confir u|)(iti liliii tint (litrti'r Hint till) Slur, hut I nIiiiII know ill ^(mmI IIiiic Iiow Id tU IiIm iicrk ton Iml Icr I"— l|o<»l>'rt ClloMWKI.I,, ill. U, p. IHI. tlO|ili- of K^yi'l <>■* l>'^ f licH iiiul i'.\ik^')j;i'riitii>im in rctVrciii'itii ills Hyriiiii «'ii!iipal^ii. — Knkiiit'h Kn. Util. ilOII. FALSEHOOD juitifled. It n .h'HiiUs. [When lleiiry (Jarnel, a .lesult, wan tried as a «'oiisplrator in the Oiinpowder Plot, lieexpres.sed liis pMieral prinelpleH In a naix'r written befon; his trial. He had been made privy to tlK'desjpii through th(! confessional. ) " ('oncerniii^j e(|iiiv- ocatlon, this Is my opinion : in moral alTairs, and in the common iiiterc(»urs(t of life, when the truth is asked ainon;; friends, it is not lawful to use i'(iuivo('fttlon. Hut in cases where It becomes ii'cessary to an Indlvhival for his defence, or for uvoidin>r any injustice; or lo.ss, or for obtaining any important advaiilaK<'> \vith()ut danger or mischief to any other person, there e(jui vocation is lawful." Ill an examination after the trial he uoes further, and holds that an oath ndght bo lawfully ii.sihI to confirm a simple e»iuivocatlon. "In cases of lawful etiuivocatioii, the speech by e(|uivooatioii being .saved from a lie, the same speech, without jHTJury, may bo conflnned l)y oatli, or by any other usual way, though it were by n'ceiviii'' the sacrament, if lust necessity so require." — Kniuiit'h Enu., vol. 3, cli. 21, p. 337. ilO'lft. . S(imnel Johnmn. We talked of the casuistical rtant sicn-l, the discovery of which iiiiiy lie very hurtful to vou, but a tfal denial ; for If you are silent, or hesitate, or ev ie, It will Is' held e<|iilvaleiit to luonfessloii. Kill htay.slr; here Is anoihercasi-. Supposing the author had told meconlldenllallv that he had written ' .luniiis,' and I were asked if he had, I should hold myself at liberty lo deny It, as Is'liig under a previous promise, express or implied, to conceal It. Now what I ought to do for the auilior, may I not do for myself T liut I deny the lawfulness of telling a lie ton sick man, for fear of alarming him. Vou liavo no business with conse(|uences ; you are lo tell the truth. Hesides, you are not sure what ef- fect your telling him that lie Is In danger may have. It may lirliig his distemiier to a crisis, anil that may cure him. Of all lying, I liavo the greatest iiohorreiiceof this, because I bellevn it has been fre(|Ueiilly practised on myself." — iioswKi. I, s Johnson, p. 7\'M. ilO'lO. FAME belated. John (^iiinn/ AdaniM. Mis career was In many respects remarkable. He had been minister to tlve different Kuropeaii courts. Senator of the I'lilted States, appolntetl to the Supreme bench, had been eight years S(!i;- relary of Slate, and four years I'rcsiilent. . . . lint it may fairly be doubted whether if hlsproH- ideiicy had closed his {iiiblic life, his fame would have attracted special observation. . . . Hut la his sixty-tlftli year, when the public life of tho nio.st favored dravs to a clo.se, tlu; nobh; and shining cari'cr of Mr. Adams began. Ileentenil the Mouse of Keoresentatives in 1H31, and for the remainder of his life — a period of seventeen years — he was the one giand figure in that assem- bly. . . , His warfare ... in favor of ttie liuin- blest to pelitiou for redress of grievances iiro among the memorable events in the parliament- ary history of the L'niU'd Slates. It was in a largo degree the moral courage of his position that first fixed the attentiim of the country, and then attracted its admiration. — Ulaink'u TwkntV Vkaus ok ('onoukkh, p. 69. ilO-17. FAME by Competition. Sir Willinrm Parry. In order to be very much di.stingu shcil in this busy world, it is necessary to do .soims thing that nobody else ever did. Admiral Parry could boast that he had been nearer the Nortii Pole thJln any other human being. It is doubt- ful if a polar bear ever went nearer, or even li seal. Four hundred and ninety-tive miles moro would have brought him lo the pole itself, and he would have lived forever in history as the first man who ever performed that feat. — Cvti.o- I'KDI.V OK Hiou., i>. 3H."). 3048. FAME, Costly. Sir Walter Scott. In those days of high jjostage Scott's bill for letters "seldom ci.ine under i'l.'iO a year," and " as to coach i)arcels, they were a perfect ruination. ' On one occasion a mighty package came by post from the I'nited Slates, for which Scott had to pav .£5 sterling. It contained a .MS. play called "I'he Clierokee Lovers," bj- a young lady of Xew York, who Itegged Scott to read and correct it, write a prologueandepilogue, getit puton the stage at Drury Lane, and negotiate with C-'onsta- bte Or Murray for the copyright. In about a fortnight another packet not les.s fornddable ar- rived, cliarged with a similar postage, whicli •2U V\MF,. rtcott, not, /^jrown ciuilious llirouph cxpcrii'iicp, ic(!kl('S.sly oju'iicd ; out jumped ti (liiplicatc copy of " The (.'lierokce Lovers," with ii swoiitl U-ttcV from tht! iinthori'ss, .stilting tliat as tlic wcallicr had hcori stormy, and she feared tliat soniellr "c nii^ifht have liaiipciicd to her former Ms. , she hau thoiij^'lit it pni(l(!nt to send hiin a duplicate. — Hutton'h Scott, ch. 1:;^. ilOlO, FAME by Discovery. Xorf/i-in.st /'nsKHf/c. Martin Froi)ishcr, an Eniilishman, well versed ill various naviiralion, had revolved the desiirn of accomplishinu; the discovery of tlie N'orlh-wesl- ern pitssage, esteeming it " IIk^ only thing of the world that was yet left undone, by which a notahle mind might he made famous and fortu- nate." — liANciioKT's Ilisr. OK U..S., vol ], ch. ;j. 2050. FAME, Distant. IJuroln. Since Garilial- di overthrew the JJourhon King of >{ai)les, and th(! unification of Italy, Sivily tias felt thi; sjiirit of the age, and various modern improvements have been made, and among them the laying out of several new avenues, one of wliich bears the naiiK; of Lin(;oln. — TiiAVKi.a ok (j}knj:h.\l GilANT, p. lot). a05 1 . FAME, Impostor's. Uf'fin of CharliH JL The tale of Oates . . . sullicient to convulse tlie wiiole realm, would not, until confirmed by oth(T eviiience, sullice to destroy thebuml)lest')f those whom lie had accused ; for, by the old hiw of England, two witnesses are necessary to establish a ciiarge of treason. Hut tlu; succiiss of the first impostor produced its natural "on.sequences. In a few we(!ks he had been raised from penury and ob.scurity tooi)alenee, to power which made liim the dread of princ ;'j and nobles, and to notoriety such as has for low and bad minds all the attrac- tions of glory. lie was not long without coad- jutors and rivals. — Macaui.av's Enc;., ch. 2, V. 223. 20^2. "^'AME by Infamy. AmiKsination. A yoiJ'"': Su-xon, twenty years of age, named Von d(!r bullin, was arre.-.ted in Paris. He confi'ssed iliat it was his intention to as.sassinate the emper- or, and thus to immortalize liis own name by connecting it with that of Napoleon. [lie was confined, but i:ot executed.] — Ahuott's Nai'o- i.EON B., vol. 2, en. 11. aOiSa. FAME, locality for. Nnpohon T. "Eu- rope," said he, ' ' presents no fields for glorious ex- ploits ; n() great empires or revolutions are to be found but in the East [He had contpiered the Italians and the Austrians.] . . . My glory is declining. This little corner of Europe is too .small to supply it. AVe must go to the Ea.st. All the great men of the world have there acquired tlK!ir celebritv." — Ahhott's Nai'oi.kun B., vol. i,ch. 10. 2051. FAME, Perverted. Cohnn/tim. Of all the wrongs done to the memory of Columbus, l)erhap8 the, greatest was that which robbed him of the name of the new continent. This was b(>- .stowcd upon one of the icnst worthy of the many adventurers whom the genius and success of Columbus had drawn to the west. . . . [Amer- igo] Vespucci's only merit consi.xed in his recog- nition of the fact that the recent discoveries were not a portion of that India already known, but in reality niiotlier continent. — Ridpath's U. S., ch. 3, p. r,o. 2055. FAME, Posthamoni. Columbm. (,'olum- bus ... in his lifetime met witli no adetiuale rec- onip(!nse. The self-love of the Spanisli m(i;iarcli was ollended at receiving from a foniignerin liis employ benefits loo vast for re(|uital ; and tin; contem]i()r!U'ies of the great navigator persecuted the merit which they could not adequately re- ward. — Bancuokt'sHist. oI'' V. S., ch. 1. 2056. FAME regarded. C'lnro. In Decem- ber it was known lliat an agrarian law would bo at once pr<>posed under jilea of i)roviding for Pompey's troops ; and Cicero had had to decidu whether he would act in earnest in the spirit wliich he had begun to show when the tribunes bill was under di.seu.ssion, or would fall back iq)on resistance! with the rest of his Jiarty, or evade the ditlicult dilemma by going ou foreign service, or elst' would simply ab.sent himself from Home whihi the struggle was going ou. "I may eit'ier resist," he said, " and there will i'UU- t^'r VValter Scott's poet-friend.] In a nhepherd s dre.ss, and with hands fresli from sheep-shearin;?, he came to dine for th(! tirst time with Scott in Castle Street, and lindinj^ Mrs. Scott lyin.if on the sofa, immediately stretched hiin.self at full leufjth on another sofa ; for, as he explained afterward, " 1 thoujilit 1 could not do better than to imitate the lady of the liou.se." At dinner, as the wine pas.sed, he ad- vanced from "Mr. Scott," to " Shirra" (Sher- iff), "Scott," "Walter," and finally " Watti"," till at supper he convulsed everv one ])y addre.ss- ingMrs. Scott familiarly as "Charlotte." — 1Ii:t- ton'b Like of Scott, ch. 6. 2003. FAMILIARITY, Mistake of. Mxry Qn«ei\ of ticoU. The paire of the Marcchal dc Damville, the young Du Chatelard, had re- mained, as we have seen, at llclyrood, for the l)ur|)o.se of entertaining his ma.ster with lettc^rs about all that related to the (jueen, his idol. I)u (.'hat*;lard, treatetl as a child by the playful in- dulgence of the (jueen, had conceived for his mistress a passion bordering on madness. The ((Ueeii had encouraged him too much to retain tlie right of punishing him. Du Chatelard, con- stantly adnnlted to the most intimate familiarit\' with his mistress, ende. 137. 2003. FAMILY deteriora' . / mc Even in the days of Tiberius the -' 'j.- - as Tacitus tells us, had rushed headloii iiil • - port of life. A tasteless and unwholesome mixture, in which tlu; bran thrice exceeded the (piantity of fiour, appeased the hunger of the l)()or ; they were gradually reduced to feed on dead horses, dogs, cats, and mice, and eagerlv to .snatch the gra.ss, and even the n(!tth;s, which grew among the ruins of the city. --[See No. 2015.] Gihhon's Rome, ch. 43, p. 25.5. 2010. FAMINE, Resource in. Horns. [When Bonaparte's army was retreating from Moscow, during a month there wen; no rations, and dead hor.seswere the only resource.] — Knioiit's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 30, p. 359. 20§1. FAMINE, Trials of. Pty mouth Colony. The arrival of new emigrants, who came un- provided with food, compelled the whole colony, for .six months in succession, to subsist on half- allowance only. "I have seen men," says Wins- low, ".stagger by reascn of faintness for want of food." ... In the third year of their settle- ment their victi'als were so entirely spent that " they knew not at night where to have a bit in the morning." . . . When a few of their old friends arrived to join them, a'- bster or a piece of fish, without bread or a' ything else but a cup of fair si)ring water, was the best dish the whole colony could offer. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 1, ch. 8. 2012. FAMINE by War. Canada, a.d. 1758. In the general dearth [caused by the prolonga- tion of the war] the soldiers could receive but a half pound of bread daily ; the inhabitams of Quebec but two ounces. . . . Artisans and day laborers were so enfeebled that they were unfit for toil, and tottered from debility. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 13. 20§3. FANATIC, Insane. Puntan. A mad tailor, named Ludowick Muggleton, wandered from pot-hou.se to pot-house, tip|)ling ale, and denouncing eternal torments against tho.se who refused to believe, on his testimony, that the Supreme Being was only six feet high, and that the sun was just four miles from the earth. George Fox had raised a teniix'st of derision by proclaiming that it was a violation of Chri.'itian sinceritj' to designate a .single person by a plural pronoun, and that it was an idolatrous homage to Janus and AVoden to talk about .January and Wednesday. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. ", p. 153. 20§.|. FANATICISM, Danger from. Jiefor- mation. Karlstadt forbade the paying and taking of interest on money loaned, and even went so far as to recommend the introduction of the system of polygamy as jjractised by tli( ancient Hebrews. [Luther wrote the elector' he thought that Karlstadt had always ignorec the praise of Chri.st, and that he would always do so. " His own insane desire for fame and i 248 FANATICISM. praise hus brought liim to this. IIu has proved to Ihj our nioHt dangerouH enemy, so tliut I am iucliaed to believe tlie poor, iiiiHcruble wretch is possessed of uu evil spirit." — Hkin'sLltuku, ell. 14, p. 12r,. 20§5. FANATICISM, Idolatrous. Ihmldnvn Antoniuun. In ii .solemn pi'ocession Ihrougii the streets of lioinc, the wuy was strewed witJi gold du.st ; the black stone, set in iireclousgeuis, was placed on a chariot drawn by si.x milli-white horses, richly caparisoned. The jiious emperor lield tiie reins, and, supi)ort(!d by his ministers, moved slowly l)ackward, that he miglit jier- Fetually enjoy the felicity of the divine presence. n a magnificent temple raised on the Palatine Mount, the sacrilices of tlie god Elagal)alus wen; celebrated with every circumstance of cost and solemnity. The richest wines, the most extraor- dinary victims, and th(! rarest aromaties were l)rofusely consumed on the altiu'. Arotmd the altar a chorus of Syrian dam.sels i)erformed their lascivious dances to the sound of barbarian music, while the gravest personages of the .state and army, clothed in long Phceuician tunics, officiated in the meanest functions, with alTected zeal and secret indignation. — Giubon's Ho.mk, ch. 6, p. 171. SOiG. FANATICISM inflamed. Orlmns. And the Pucelle, left behind, found herself absolute nnstress of the city, where all authority but hers seemed to be at an end. She caracolled round the walls, and the people followed her fearlessly. The next day she rode otit to reconnoitre the Lnglish bastilles, and young women and children went too, to look at these famous bastilles, where all remained still and betrayed no sign of movement. Blie led back the crow.i with her to attend ves- pers at tlie church of Saint Croix ; and as she ■wept at j)raycrs, they all wept likewi.se. Tlu! citizens were beside themselves ; they were rai.sed al)ove all fears, were drunk with religion and ■with war — seized by one of those formidable ac- cesses of fanaticism in wliich men can do all and believe all, and in which they are scarcely less terrible to friends than toenemios. — MiciiKi,ET'tt JoAX ov Akc, p. 14. 20§7. FANATICISM, Miracles of. Test [A bitter cont(^st existed between tiu; Catholics and Arsenite faction in the thirteenth century.] In the confidence of fanaticism, they had proposed to try their rophet, applaud- ed his glorious design, lu-omised to support it ilia general council, and encouraged him to pro- claim the deliveranci' of the Holy Land. [Thus began the crusades. J — Gibbon's Home, ch. 58, p. 538. 200I. . Hfth Monarchy. TheFifth- MotuuTliy men rose on the 6th of January, 1661, under their old leader, Thomas Venner, the wine cooper. Some fifty or sixty of tliem, after an encounter with the feeble municipal police, marched to Caen Wood, near Higligate, and hav- ing been there concealed for two days, returned to cncotuiter the trained bands, and even a regu- lar bod}' of guards, in the confidence that their cause — the establishment of the reign of Christ on earth, and the suppression of all other author- ity — would be miraculously upheld. The capital was in fearful alarm ; the shops were sliut ; the city gates were barricaded. But these wild men di-ove all before them, till a rally ■was made, and they were for the most jiart slaughtered, refu.s- ing quarter. — Knkjiit's Enc, vol. 4, cli. 15, p. 251. 2092. . F.fth Moiunrhii. [In 1657 there was a great tumult in London over the Fifth Monarchy. The Assyrian monarchy, the Per- sian, the Greek, and the Jioman, being all four extinct, it was aniiounced that the Fifth Mon- archy — the greatest of all — the reign of the saints on earth, was at hand. Thomas Venner, a wine c(K)per, with its standard of the Lion of the tribe of Judali, was to proclaim it as its herald on the 9th of April, on Mile End Green • a troop of horse arrested the Fifth .Monarchy.] — Kniuut's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 13, p. 206. 2093. . Prottstani. [When Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, wiisonthe scaffold,] the Dean of Peterborough, Dr. Fletcher, standing outside the rail, directly before her, began an ex- hortation ; but she stopped him, saying : " Mr, Dean, I am settled in the ancient Catholic Ko- man religion, and mind to spend my blood in de- fence of it." Tlie pertinacious dignitary replied. FANATICISM-FASHION. 249 tth _'r- ir )n- jits Inu Ibu Ihu lof Ir'a the with moro zciil Hum cimrity, "Miidiun, rlinnj,'fi your ()()inioii, mid ri'Hi'nt of your fonncr wicked- ness, mid si'tlld your fiiith only in .Icsus Christ, by Him to ho saved." Mary told him to trouhh; liimseir no furtlier ; and Shrewshury and Kent said lliey would pray for her. She thanked tlieni ; "hut to join with you in jirayer I will luA, for Ihatyoiiand I are not of one reli/^'ion." The dean then prayed aloud from the Kiifjlish liturj^y ; and IMary. with steadfast voice, liavin^ in her hand a crucifix, heiran to jiray in Latin ; and slu; finally jirayed in English for (Uirisfs afhieted church, for lier son, and for the tiueeii of England. The callous Earl of Kent was not moved even liy tliis Bohuiin earnestness, hut told her to " leaves those truinperies." Such is I'aiiatit ism, from whatever jierverted view of the religion of love it may upring. — K.N'Kiirr's Eno., vol. 3, ch. V.i, p. 2();{. 20» I. FAKATICISH, Scandalous. Q>i„f,rr. [In 16.')() .I.iiiics Xaylcr, one of the ne-wsect of Qua- kers, in his frantic cntliusiasm had jiroclainied that the Uedeemer was incarnate in His person ; niid he had given a great jiublic scandal in going about in a state; of nudity. The madman nar- rowly esciiped hanging.] — Knioiit's fc]N().,vol. 4, ch. 13, 1). 2(13. aOJ>o. FANATICISM, Visions of. Vnisndcrs. Their victory, or even their attempt, would im- mortalize the names of flio intrepid lieroes of the cross ; and the purest piety could not be in- sensilile to the most .splendid prospect of military glory. . . . Tlie vulgar, botli the great and sniiiil, Avere taught to believe; every wonder, of lands tiowing with milk and honey, of mines and treasures, of gold and diamonay'8En(»., ch. 3, p. 380. 3103. PASHION disregarded. Benjamin Franklin. December, 1770. PVanklin [the Am- erican commissioner! reached Paris, . , . and was welcomed with wonderful unanimity. His fame as a philosopher, his imfailing good-humor, the dignity, self-possession, and ease of his manners, 1 lie plainness of his dress, his habit of wearing Ids straight thin gray hair without powder, con- trary to the fashion of that day in France, acted as a spell. — liANCUOFT's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 10. 3104. FASHION, Straggle for. Fi-ench. Hats were a French invention of 1440 ; a belted knight writes: " Send me a hat and a bonnet by the same man ; and let him bring the hat on his head, for fear of misfashioning of it." — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 121. 3105. FASTS, EeligiouB. Early MethmliHts. Four fasts were appointed for each year on every circuit, and the preachers were ordercvi to write on all class papers : " The first Friday after every Quarterly Meeting is to be observed as a day of fasting and prayer." The earliest historian of Methodism remarks that it was the custom of its people "to observe fi^rmerly all Fridays as days of fasting or abstinence." — Ste- vens' M. E. Cnuiicii, vol. 2, p. 134. 3106. FATE, Belief in. MohamiwdanH. The Koran incidcates, in the most absolute sense, the tenets of fate and predestination, which would extinguish both industry and virtue, if the ac- tions of man were governed by his speculative belief. Tet their influence in every age has ex- alted the courage of the Saracens and Turks. The first companions of Mahomet advanced to l)attle with a fearless confidence ; there is no danger where there is no chance ; they were or- dained to perish in their beds ; or they were safe and invulnerable amid the darts of the enemy, — Gibbon's Mahomet, p. 39. 3107. FATHER, A confiding. John Milton's. There is no attempt on the part of Milton to take up a profession, not even for the sake of appear- ances. The elder Milton was content to provide the son, of whom he was proud, with the means of prosecuting his eccentric scheme of life, to continue, namely, to prepare himself for some great work, nature unknown. For a young man of simple habits and studious life a little suiflces. The chief wiuil is books. — Mii.ton, by M. Pat- TISON, cb. 3. 310§. FATHERHOOD, Experience of. Aym- hviH. Agesilaus [the Lacediemonian king] was certainly a most affectionate father. It is said, Avhen his children were small, he would join in their sports ; and a friend happening to find him one day riding among them upon a stick, ho desired him " not to mention it until he was a father himself." — Plutakch's Agesilaus. 3109. FATHERHOOD luppreiied. War of liftidWin. [At the battle of Malvern Hill in Virginia] IIk; son of [Confederate] Major Pey- t(m, but fifteen years of age, called to his father for help. A ball had shattered both his legii. " When we have beaten the enemy, then I will help you," answered Peyton ; " I have here other sons U) lead to glory. Forward !" But the col- umn had advanced oidy a few jtaces when the major himself fell to the earth a corpse. — PoL- i.Aiio's Second Yeah ok the Wak, p. 323. 3110. FAVORITISM, Scandalous. Charles IT. Whoever could make liim.self agreeable to the prince, or could .secure the good oflices of the mistress, ndght hope to rise in the world with- out rendering any service to the government, without being even known by sight to any min- ister of State. This courtier got a frigate, and that a company ; a third the pardon of a ric h ofTencler ; a fourth, a lease of crown land on easy terms. If the king notified bis i)leasure that a briefless lawyer should be made a judge, or that a libertine baronet should be made a peer, the gravest counsellors, after a little mur- muring, submitted. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 3, p. 340; 3111. FEAR conquered by Faith. Moravians. [When .lohn Wesley came as a missionary to the American colonists and Indians, he had not ob- tained the experience of the conscious favor of God. While on his passage, in the midst of a fearful storm which endangered the lives of all, he observed the calmness of a little band of Mo- ravian passengers who were holding religious service. When in the midst of the psalm which they were singing,] the sea broke over the ship, split the mainsail into pieces, and poured in be- tween the decks as if the great deep had already swallowed them up. A terrible outcry arose from the English, but the Moravians calmly sung on. Wesley asked one of them, " Were jou not afraid f lie answered : " I thank God, no." " But were not your women and children?" " No ; our women and children are not afraid to die." — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1, p. 78. 3113. FEAR, Contagious. Romans. They had never yet looked Germans in the face, and im- agination magnifies the unknown. Roman merchants and the Gauls of the neighborhood brought stories of the gigantic size and strength of these northern M-arriors. The glare of their eyes was reported to be so fierce that it could not be borne. Tluy were wild, wonderful, and dreadful. Young offlcers, patricians, and knights, who had followed C'iesar for little mild experience, hegiin to dislike the notion of the.se new enemies. Some applied for leave of ab- sence ; others, though ashiimed to ask to be al- lowed to leave the army, cowered in tlieir tents with sinking hearts, made their wills, and com- posed last messages for their friends. The centu- rions caught the alarm from their superiors, and the legionaries from the centurions. — Fkoude's C/Esah, ch. 14, p. 32. 3113. FEAR and Courage. War. [While at war with each other a small company of The- bans under Pelopidas unexpectedly met their Lacedaemonian enemies on the roacf. ] As soon as they were perceived to be passing the straits, one ran and told Pelopidas, ' ' We are fallen into 7/1 tof FEAU— FEAUH. 151 the enemy's Imiuls," " And why not they," snid he, " into ours 1" — PLtTAUCii's Pki,oi'ii)A8. S 1 1 4 . F£ AB, OoTernment by. Enr/ltt n d. [ E( 1 - mviml Burke Hiiid of the .su( ( ess of the lievolii- tionisls of Frimcc :J I believe very few were able to enter into tlxfelTeets of mere terror. . . . For four yeius W(! Imve seen loans made, treasuries «up])]ied, and armies levied and maintained, more numerous than France ever showed in the tield, by tlie elTecIs of fear alone. — K.moiit'h En. 208. 3115. . Mtool. Fashion, and even convenience, soon persuaded tlie eonijuerors of Kome to assume the more elepuit dress of the iiiitives; but the}' still i)ersisted in the use of tlieir motlier-tonguc ; and their contemj)! for the Latin schools was iipjilauded by Theodorie liimself, who gratitiev the constancy of the Senate, who, without raising the si(.'ge of Capua, or recalling their scattered forces, expected his approach. He encamped on the banks of the Anio, at the dis- tance of three miles from the city ; and he was .so(m informed that the ground on which he had pitclmd his tent was .sold for an adecjuate price at a jniblic auction, and that a body of troops was dismissed by an opi)osite road, to re-enforce the legions of Spain. — Gibuon's Rome, ch. 31, p. 24.-). 3133. FEARLESSNESS, Boyish. Beimlirt Ar- nold. He was no common boy. The nioststrik- ing trait of his character was fearlessness. He would place himself in situations of extreme peril, for no other motive than to terrify his elders, or to "show oil" tiis courage. ... It was often the duty of tin; boy Arnold to carry liags of Indian corn to a mill, two miles from home, himself riding upon the bags that were thrown over the horse's back. While he was waiting for his grist, it was his delight to aston- ish the miller with his wild, daring tricks. As he was bathing in the mill-stream, he would seize hold of one of the 8]K)kes of the great water- wheel, and go around with it, now dangling in the air, now buried in the foaming water, while the miller stood horror-stricken at his reckles.s- ness. He was a most daring and headlong rider. Horses that he was accustomed to ride were oli- served to fall into bad habits, such as kicking, starting, and running awaj'. — CvcLorEUiA of BiOG., p. 229. 3133. FEARS, Imaginary. Ow?/-. Sixty thou- sand picked men left the Gauls' camp before dawn ; they stole round by a distant route, and were allowed to rest concealed in a valley till the middle of the day. At noon they came over the ridge at the Romans' back ; and they had the ; ^^1 "g UtPW iiii f -■ a5'Z FEA8T— FIOHTINf}. Ix'Ht of llic iMisitidii, Iw'in;^ uMc to iillack from iiliovr. 'I'licir a|i|)('iiraii('(; was tlii^ ni^'iial for a K<'ii*'ral assault on all sides, and for a dctcriiiiiii'd Hally liy \'cr(ini,'ctorix from witliiii. 'I'lms lic- forc, licliiiid, and cvcrywlicrc, tlu' Icirions were iissaili'd at. the same momnil ; and Ca'sar oli- mM'vcs that llic cricsof lialllc in tliiM'car arc al- ways inori' tryin;,' to men than the licrccst onset upon tliem in front ; because what they cannot Ke(!they iniiinirie inori^ forniidalile than it is. and they depriid for their own safety on the conraLCe of oLliers. [Ca'sar's genius saveil the army.) — Fuot :i)i;'s C.KSAit, cii, II). iilil'l. FEAST, Intellectual. .\riailor as a (iodfearing man, following up all this mischief against the Spaidards in the fear of Ihi! Lord ; lint it was even so ; not an oalli was heard on hoard his vessel or vessels, the ordi- nances (•'■ religion were followed up pnnctilions- Iv. Why not '! he was lighting the cause of free- ilomand faith against iiopery and ahsohilism.and Iheir persecutions ; ainl whereas Spain and Konw? ]iad inadt! l'rot<'staiits every when! Iremhic, this [. 2I!13. FILTH, Equality in. Jhiind Wihi^trv. l)ani«l Wchstcr \vhen a lad . . . was one day called lip by \\w teacher for ])unisliineiit. . . . His Inuids happened to be very dirty. Knowing this, ho s]>it upon the jialni of his ri/ni Lnr. [A Scotchman Alio financiered for Louis XIV.] A bank was Law's first scheme— capital 6, ()()(), 000 francs, in shares of 5000 francs each ; the .shares to bo i)aid for in four instalments — one fourth ill coin and tliree fourths in roj/al bonds at their par vuluc .' . . . All tax-gathci-ers [were ordered] to receive the notes of fiie bank in pay- ment of all sums due the government. To the bank was soon added a company, called the *' Company of the West," designed to settle and trade with the French province of Louisiana. Shares in this company where also purchasable ■with the same royal bonds at their par value, ■with the additiou'of a small percentage in coin or bank notes. A " (luineiiComiianv" was ulsd started for ti'iiding with the coast of Africa. . . . 'V\u' Hchemes having been laimcheil, the next thing was to impose upon the credulity and in- tlaiiK; the avarice of the public. A lurge engrav- ing was |iosted . . . exhibiting a mimber of i^oidsiana Indians rmudng to meet a group of Frenchmen, each holding out a piece of gold- IThe collapse of these seiiemes was more asloli ishing than their rise.) — C'vii.oi'kdi.v ok Hiixi., p. 454. !sll»5. FINANCE, Fraudulent. Hoiiw. a.i>. .')44. The improvement of the revenue was commit- led to Alexander, a subthi scribe, long prac- tised in the fraud and opjiression of the Byzan- tine schools, and whose name of I'mtUirtiitu, the srissors, was drawn from the dexterous artifieu with which he reduced the si/.e, without defac- ing th(! figure, of the gfild coin. Instead of e.\. jiediting tlie resloration of jieace and industry, he imposed a heavy assessment on the fortunes of the Italians. — OiiinoN's Uo.mk, eh. 4!i, j). 252. 2I.1«. FINANCE, Patriotism In. milium of Oriiiiiiing, crying, " This comes of your not paying our husbands." [Kng- land received a dishonor never to be; wipe'd eitf, fre)m the eeii'ruption e)f national honor at the fountain-head.] — IvNieiiiT's EN(i., vol. 4, eh. 17, p. 2!)H. 2 1 ;iW. FI17E nullified. Ch.irlrs I. [He iire- se'iited a declaratiein against ille'gal taxation anei inne)vatie)ns in the reli.^ion of the State ; Farlia- me'iit was not reassembled for eleve'ii ye'ars.l Klie)t was lined £2000 ; la; very likely increaseel the si)ite of the king by taking pre'e'autieins against his ])()Uiieing \\\wn this valuable little l)eculatieni ; he' saiel \m' hail two cloaks, a few i)()e)ks, a few pairs of boots, and that was all his personal substance, and if they coulel turn this into £2000, much geiod might it elo tlu'in. So the sheriffs appointed to .se'ize ii]ie)n his jiosses- sions in ('e)rnwall, fe)r the king, were obliged to return a niliil. — Hood's C'uomweij,, ch. 8, p. 75. 2139. FIRE, Ancient. Persians. Thenndent re'ligion e)f Zore)a.ster, te>e), is yet pre.serveel among the Persian Guebres, who pretend in their tem- ples to have kept alive the .sacred lire from the days of the great founder of their religion down :!i!l 254 FIKK-FIUMNKSS ti) llic present lime. — TvTI.KU'rt IIlHT., Hook (I, ill 10. FIRE, Calamity by, lile liiiildinv's, crowdi ij in close and crooked streets, Mippiied perpetual fuel tortile llaines , and when lliey ceaNt'd, tour only of the fourteen rej^fions were left entire ; three weri' totally' destroyed, and seven were deformed liy the relics o( smok- ing and lacerated editlccs, — (iiitnoN'H Uo.mk, th. 71, I). WO. 'Jill. ■ . lionii'. In the tenth year of the leijTii of Nero, the capital of the empire was atllicted liy a tin,' which ia;^'ed hevoiid tlu^ memory or example of former a;n('<. 'f'lic moii- iiinents of (freci:ui art and of Uoinan virtue, the trophies of the i'unic and rn under Tureiine. Ilavin;^ warned tli(! ])opulatii n to re- lire, the French !,"'nerals .set fire to Jleidclher;;. with the magiiiticeiit jialace of the electois. and redui'ctl it to n mass of hlackened ruii\s. Mtiu lieiin. Spires, Worms, ()p|)enheini, Hingen, were condemned in succession to the llames. Crops, fiirins, vines, orchards, fruit trees, were all de stroyed ; and this once rich and smiling land wa.s converted into a desolate wilderness. The; houseless pea.sant.s, to the mimhcr of a hundred thousand, wandered about in ah.ject lui.sery, im- precating the vengeance of Heaven upon th(! heartless tyrant wlio had caused their ruin. — aTiDKNT.s'^Fu.VM K, cli. 22, ^ 18, p. 4415. 3143. FIRE, Destructive, (inr/c Fin: The princi])al ingredient of the (Jreek tire wa.s the iui/)fil/ii(, or li(iuid hituiiu'n, a light, tenacious, and intlaminahle oil, whi( h -prings from the earth, and catches tiro as .soon as it comes in con- tact with the air. The iniphtha was mingled, I know not hy what methods or in wh.'i' ])ropor- tions, with sul|)hur and with the pilcli that is extractefltt| had ri'iidered it impos siblc to carry on the spiritual iiistrin i ii of the people by file established clergy ^tiic parish ( huicJics' being in ruiii'-), and ihen-forc as.sem- l)lics to hear the sermons of Presbyterians ""d lnde|ieiiitn: |.Uter th(! Greeks had deleated the I'ersiaim they of fered .sacrilice. | They were directef hoiiic MoldiiTs, who Imil liccii ili^iovcrcil in llir Inillis «»f women, cxrilctl ii wcdinon in the l('j;ioii to which tlify lM'loiiLC''\' Ids impure prcilecessor, ; ad of Maintaining tlic iliscipiine, wide li could iot lie relaxed without tin* ruin of the Unnniii name and empire. I'iieir clamors interrupted hisn>ild expostulation. " Reserve \ our shout," said ;iie undaunted emperor, "till you take the tield Mpiiiisi the I'eisjans, tlie (Jerinniis, and the Siir niatiaii He silent in tli<^ presei, c of your sia t'PeiL'ii ,111(1 licnefaelor, who Itestous upon you the (orn, Die elothlii;^', and the money of the Jirovinces, Jle silent, or 1 shall no lonp'r style you snjiliers, but ritizftiH, If tliose indeed who disclaini the lavs t 'f Uome liiserve to lie i/uiked amonir tiie meanest of llie people." Mis uk 'laces intlatned tin; fury of tin; leirion, and their l)ran dished arms alread}' Ihii'atened his ])erson. " Vour couraj^e . . . would he more iiolily dis- played on th«! field of lialtle ; vie you may deslroy, you cannot intimidate ; and Iht! sexcre justice of the republic would pinnsh your crime and le ventre my deatli." . . . Tin- emperor pre moiuiced tile decisive sentetice, "Citi/.ens, lay down your arms '" ['i'hey were overwhelmed w ith sliame and repentance.] — (Jihuon'h Romk. ( Ii. 0, ]). 1h;5. a 1. 10. FISHING, Fraud in. Anions . [When visiiiiii; ('l(!opalra in Kicypt he was guilty of many follies. ] He wns a lishin;^ one day witli Cleopatru, and had ill success, which, In the presence of his mistress, Ik^ looked upon as a dis- grace ; lie therefore ordered one oi his assist- ants to div(> and put on his hook such as had been taken before. Tliis scheme he put in prac- tice three or four times, and ('leo])atnipci'eived it. She iilIoctcHl. however, to be surprise at his success ; exprcsseil her wonder to the i eoj)le about her; and tlie day following invited ilieni to see fresh proofs of it. When the day follnv in^ came, the vessel was erowdtid with peoi)ie ; and as soon as Antony had let down his line, she ordereci one of her divers immediately to ])ut a salt lish on his hook. AVhen Antony" found he liad cau^dit his (ish, ho drew up his line ; and this, as may Im; supposed, occasioned no simill mirth amons; the specl.itors. " Go, jieneral !" said Cleopatra ; " leave tishini? to us petty princes of Pharos and ('anoi)us; your ;rame "is cities, kinjidom.s, and provinces." — Pi.iT.xiuu's An- 'lONV. 2 1 50. FLAG, A despised. Unite d S tot,- m. [During the war with England in 1H1',>.J In the course of the year S.IO JJritish ships, carrying 300() sailors anil cargoes of immense value, •were captured by American cruisers. . . .France ■was well pleased. . . . For awhile the Kng lish themselves were vvell-iugh paralyzed. The British newspapers ))urst forth ragiiig, and de- clared that 'he time-hotiored flag of Eiigland had been disgraced " by a piece of strijied bunting Hying at the mast-head ot a few lir-built frig- ates manned by a handful of . . . outlaws !" And the comment, though stated in unpleasant huiguage, was trii, '— Uiupath's U, S., ch, 49, p, 3itH. ttlAI. FLAO, Devotion to the. Sr;/i,inlJiHr. • or eiifht hours [.luiu :2h, liTtl) the vessi Is of lie(Hritlsh| fleet poured a temjiest of balls upon the fort IS\illivan, Mouili Curoliiia] : but the walls, built of the sponiiy palmetto, were lltth; injuicd. 'I'lie KM) ndlitiainen vvho < om|)o^cd the garrison fought like vet( rsins. — Uini'ATii s I . S., ch. !J9, p. ;M(H. In the fori. William .las- per, a sergeant, perceived th.it the flag had l»eeii cut down I . a ball from t'le enein , , and bad falUii oviT iluf ramparts. " Colonel," said he to .Moultrie, "don't lei us light without a tlag. ' "What canyon do? asked Miultrie; "the stall' is lirokc n ofT." "Then, ".said l:i.sper, "111 fix it on a halberd, and place it on the merlon of I he bastion iieAl t he enemy ; ' and lea[)liig through n/Miid)ra,Huro, iilid braving the tliickest tire from Ilie »hip, he took up the tlag, returned with it in safety, and |)lanled it, as he had promised, on tlu! summit of the merlon.— IJ.vmkuit's L. S., vol. H, ell (i((, •JI.VJ. FLATTERY, Artful. <;i/>tiir Qmni y.itioliia. When the Syrian i|U<'en was broiighl into th(( presence <>f Aurelian, he sternly asked her liow she had presumed to rise in arms against the emperor . of Rome. The answer of Zciiobia was a prudent mixture of respect and lirmness " lJecau.se 1 disdained to consider as Roman emperors an Aureolu or a Oallieiius. Vou alone I acknowledge as my compieror and my sovcr<'igii." — (.Jiiiiion's 1{(imI';, ( Ii. II, p. W'u ai53. FLATTEEY, False. U,nni VI II. [Rich, lhe| Stieaker of the llou.se of Commons in ITiUT, comiiarcd Henry JVIII.] to Solomon for pru- dence, to Samson for strength, and to Absalom for beauty — the very sun which warmed and enlightened the universe. [History distinguishes film as the licentious tyrant and infamous hus- band of six successive wives.] — Knkuit's E>' , vol. 2, ch. 2!1, p. !W(), ai54. FLATTEST, Fulsome. JdinoH I. [He was called the " wisest fool in Christendom."] His vanity was abiuidantly gratified in being king of Great IJritain an hand while jiatting and strok- ing with tlie oilier. --M.\(Ai iw's FuKDERlt k THE GtlKAT, p. (ilj. 3150. FLATTERY resented. Alexander. While sailing down tlie Hyda.spes, Ari.stobulus. a meam sycophant, who had composed a narra- tion of the king's battles, was readuig to him for his anuisement the accounts of the liuiian expe- dition, in whicli the writer liad exaggerated iu many circumstances palpably beyond the truth. tm FLATTEUY-FOCIYISM. A)(-XHriil<>r Ncl/nl llii> )k>oU iiikI tlircw ft wllli InillKtiiitlnti into llic rivir, tilling ihr mitlior llml III) iiirrili'ii tint Haiiic tri'iktincnt. for liiiviii^ ult Miirdly cntlcHvoml to iimmiifv liy ll<(i«iM iIionc ilri'. IICJ. aiar. flattery r«ward«d. /v/r.Wfv'. Our of his Miitlci'crs . . . |ii>>( iinil n ili'i'i't'<' llml Diinc tiiiiH, wliciicvtr he vi>ll((i Athens, slioiilil Iw ic reived willi tlu^ siiliie Iniiiois llml were paid In ('(TeMiiiid Itiieehiis ; and llml whoever exceeded the rest in Ihe Mpleiidnr and iim^'nilieenee nf lint reeeplioii lieKnue llml prince Mhoiild hitve inntiey out of the Inasiiry Id eimlile hiiii In sel, up MdiiK' piiiUH nieiiKirial of his succes.s. 'I'hese in- Nttiiiees (if adtilHtion ((included vs illi llieir chaii^ lliK the iianie (if Ihe iMinith .\fini//r/uoii lo Ihiiif trion, with callin< the last, *t empires of the earth, Ihe African usurper made a very faint and feeble impression on Ihe provinces of his rival. As he marched from the port.alon^ the road which leads to the friites of Uome, he was eiicountered, territled, and routed byoiieof Ihe Imperial captains ; and the lord of this mi,i,'ht^' host, desertini,' hi* fort- une and his friends, iL'nominiously tied with ii sin/,d(; ship. — OiiiiioNs JIo.mk, pini,' (Jod in Ihe congregation. — Mac.vi;i,.\v's E\(i., eh. (i, ji. iJ!). 3160. FLOGGING, Excessive. Tit'i.i ()„fr.t. [Ti- tus (Jatcs, the infaiiKius scoundrel and jwrjurer, ■was HoL'ged seventeen hundred lashes iii two days.] Flogging under the government of James II. became a favorite punishment, — Knight's Eng., vol. 4, ch. 24, p. a67. 3161. FLOWEK, Mysterious. Golden Itoxe. The mis-sion of Miltltz was to deprive Luther of liis patron's support, and then to lead liim away to Home. To this end the papal unibtissador aj) piared bel'ire Ihe Kleetor, preseiiling hiin with li diKiliigulsli. (i emblem of gracious favor, Hut golden rose. This wa»<'*ii very precloiiH and inysierloiis prcKeiii, " which the pope was acciiH lomed annually to bestow unon that emliienl Chrisllaii piiiK'e who had reii(lei'( d good servieit to the aposliilic autlioillv, the I'ope at Koine. iMIIlil/, was comml.ssionc(l to present this golden rose lo Ihe Kleetor of Naxony, to the intent that the divine frai^rance of this llower should pene- trate the heart of l-'icderick, so that he iidght re celve Ihe re((iiests of Ihe ambassador w ith a liioiiH regard, and Ic disposed willi gl(iwin« anlor (o carry out iIk' sacred wishes of the Pope. Al least this nmcli was expected in |{(ime from tlio fragraiK (' if the golden rose. Irreverent wiu remarked that if the rose Imd arrived sooner in Wittenlierg lis perfuim; Wdiild have Ikcii inoro agreeable ; for it Imd lost its fragiance on llio long and wearisome Journey I— Uij.n s Litiikk, eh. T), p. r»H. 3 1 63. FLOWERS in Blood. II V/ r »/ th,' llomm. KJIoucesler had been adverse lo Ihe marriagi^ of Niargaret of Anjou to Henry VII. | The wuko of (tlouccster was arrested soon after on an accu- sation of treason, and was next morning found dead in his bed. These outrageous proceeding.s produced the realesi disgust in Ihe minds of th(< people against the iiueeii and the cardinal of \Vincliesier, and rciKlered the king's naiiK', who was Huiipos.'d at least locounteiiaiu'e these enor- mities, both odious and des|)icable. It was Iho time for a competitor to start forth aiKl lo avail himself of this general disalTeetion to the prince on the throne. This competitor was Kichard, duk(! of Vork, a descendant, by the molher'.s side, from IJoik'I, who was one of Ihe sons of Kdward III,, aiKl elder brother to John of (Jaunt, from whom the present monarch wasdeseended. Kichard, llierefore, stood plainly in right of siicr- cession before Henry. He bort; for his ensign a white rose, while Henry bore a red one ; and this circumstance gave the name to Ihe two factions which deluged Kngland in blood. — Tvtlku's Hist., Hook (I, ch. 14. 3I6!I. FLOWERS, Influence of. Wurf Dean had beconu; totally destrov ed. The nninufaeture of in)n was unpopular. Many said, " It were well if there were no iron works in England, and it was bet- ter when no iron was made in England ; the iron works destroy all the woods, and foreign iron from Spain will do better and last longer." — Knioiit'w Eno., vol. 5, ch. 1, p. 12. F()(}YISM-F()()r). 2.T? nl 110 tl.S ro (- on nn turn. rOOTIBV unTelUd. Hnti>,/,. It Ih iml iinil Unit. Ill \[tn i I'irHlili iitiiil liiiics of olir towns ; ami wlirti liirli dii'il la--ti'i' in the liini's of our towns tlimi tlii'v now llic nil till- coast, of (Jiiiatia. — .M AIM i.AV H Eso.. I h. :i. p. :tiHt. illOr. FOLLOWER, An Inferior, tln.k- /Jii- prrnr. I '.lioiilil perhaps compuic llic Jlnipcror Alexius lo llic jackal, wlio is saiil to follow the .slips ami to ilcvoiir llic IciiviiiLCs of the linii. W halcMr hail hceii his fears ami toils hi the pas MiL'i'of the |irsl. crusaile. they w ere amply recom pellseil hy the suliseipiclit licncllls which he i|e ri\eil fidiii the exploits of I he Franks.— (iiiiiKi.SH J{i>MK, ell. oK, p. I. iil4l«l. FOLLY, Delight in. yW/r/'>7<. Diseoiirs injj; one ilay, in ii >;ra\e tone, on llie practice of virtue, when he oltserveil his aiiiiitors ilroppiiiir iilT, he liciiiiii all at once to liawl oiil a soii^ of rihalilry ami noiiMeiise, when immeiliiitely a u'reat, crowil iralhered iirouml him. "Sec," .said he, " liow williiii,dy a fool is listened to, when a wise man is ncj^lcctcd. " — TviLKti's llisr., IJook ^', ill. II, p. -.'TO. amn. folly incurable. ,f,n,„:i If. J.iincs, lis Usual, I lime to the help of his enemies. A letter from liim lo the convention liiid just, ar- rived in iiondon. . . . No memlier of cither house ventured to jiropose tliat ii paper which came from such ii (piartcr should he read. The contents, however, were well known to all the town. His .Majesty exhorted the l.ordsaiid Com- mons not to despair of his eleineiicy, and ijra- ciously assured llieni that he would pardon those who iiad hetrayiMJ liim, some few cxccpled, wlioiii he did not name. How was it possilile to doaiiylhiiiLr for ii prince who, vunipiished, de- serleii, banished, liviiij; on alms, told those who were the arliiters of his fate that, if they would .set him on lii.s Miroiie airaiii, he would only liaiiLT a few of Iheiii. j.Vftcr the overllirow of James a convention met to dispo.se of the throne. J — M.vcaii.av'h K\(i., cli. 10, p. olM. tJ I ro. FOLLY, Learned. DinpntiH. |I'ericles was aliused liy his .son Xaiithippus in this man iier:| He e.xpo.sed and ridiculed the company lie kejit in his house and tlie conversations lie held with tlu; philosophers, ilc .said that K|)iti- mius, the I'iiiirsalian, haviiiij; undesiirnediy killed ahorse with a javelin which he threw at Iheiiuli- lic trames, his father spent a whole day in dis- piitinir with I'rotoiroriis which mi^jlit he prop- erly deemed the cause of his death — the javelin, or the man that threw it, or the president of the games. — I'i.i'ta tail's I'kiik'MCS. airi. FOLLY rebuked. Jomi ,>f Arc. At IJour- gt's, when tlu! woman prayed her to touch cros.ses and oliaplcts, alio bepin laujfhiiiK, und said to Dame Marguerite, at wliose hou.se she was .stay- ing, "Tou(;h them yourself ; tiiey will 1h' just as ijood."— MlCHELET s JoAfT ov A'kc", p. 35. )ll 74. FOLLY, S«llfiona. r.^miliniiii 'V\wv\- trttviitfitnt length to which the Kgypliium cur- ried their veiierailoii for their coiiHt-crtiled itni- maU I'.xcccdH all JN-lief. 'I'lie xacri'il crocodile, the dog. or the cut were kept in iiii encloH«'d spai'c Hct apart, ad |oining to the temples dedicat- ed to their worship. They were coiisiantiv at- tended hy ineii of the liighcxl rank, whose fiusj- ness was to provide them w Itli the i hoicest viclll- iiIm, which they were at pains to dress in the man- ner they supposed liiosl agrecalile to their palilte. They uashcil tliein in wiiriii lialhs. and anointed them with the llchesi perfumes. The IlliesI car- pets Were spreiiil for them to Ii" on ; chains of gold and circlets of precious stiiiii-% wire hung around their lei;s and necks ; and when the stii- iiid iiiiimal, iiiseiisilile of the honors iliiit were iieslowedon him, died like llie I'esj of his kind, the whole province was tilled with laniciilation ; and not only the fortunes uf the iiriesls Iml the piihlic revenue wiis wilhoiil scruple expended in the performance of llie inosi sumptuous funeral (iliseijllies.— Tvri.llU's lllsi'.. Monk l,cll. -1. il 1 7:i. FOOD, Abominable. 7'iiifiirH. Corn is a liiilky and perishalile coii.modity : and the large miigazines, which are iiidispeii>.iilily neces saiy for the sulisistciiee of our troops, must he slow Iv tr.'insported hy the hihor of men or horses. Hut tlie lloeks mid herds which accompany the march of I he Tartars alTord a sure and incrciiHiiig supply of llesli and milk ; in the far greater purl of the uncullivated waste the vegetation of the grass is quick and liixuriant ; and lliere are few places so extremely hiirren that the hanly cattle of the .North cannot lind .miiiic toleralile pasture. The supjily is multiplied and prolonged liy the undistiiiguishing appetite iind patieiil alistinence of the 'i'liitars. They inililTcrcntly feed on the llesli of those animals that have heeii killed for the talile or have; ilied of disease. Morsc- tlesh, w hicli in every age and country has heeii inoscrilpcd hy the civili/.i d iialions of Eurojio and Asia, they devour with peculiar greedines,s ; and this singular taste faciliti les the .success of their mililarv operations. I he iicli ve ciivalry of Scytliia is always followed, in 'heir mo.st distant and rapid incursions, by an adeipiate number of spare horses, who may be occasionally used, either to redouble the sjieed or to .satisfy the huiiuer of the barbarians. — Uihiion's JioMK, ch. -M. air. I. FOOD, Animal. Kiii;i <[f the Ihnis. The dress of Attila, his arms, and the furniture of his horse were plain, wiltiout ornament, and of a single color. The royal tatile was served in wooden cups and platters; tlesh was his imly food ; and the (onipieror of the North never tasted the luxury of b.veiid.— (Jihhon's Udmk, ch. ;!4. 2175. FOOD, Changei in. Rn;in of ('h. 2177. FOOD, Dangerous. /V.w// Yitcn. The Ind- ians . . . l)roujj;ht . . . cakes of a kind (dlai'ad called cas.sava, which constituted a principal i)art of their food, and was afterward an important arucle of provisions with the Spaniards. It was formed from a fjreat root called yuca, which they cultivated in tields. Tiiis they cut into small morsels, which they f;:rated or scraped, and strained in a ])ress, makini,' a broad thin cake, Avhich was afterwiu'd dried hard, and wouhl keej) for a long time, beini; steei)ed in water ^.•llen eaten. It wa.s insipid, lUt nourishing, though the water strained from it in the prepa- ra;ion was a deadly poisf'n. There was another kind of yuca destitute ol this poisonous ((uality which was eaten in the root, eitlier boih'd (ir roasted. — luviNci's Coiii-Mnis, Hook 4, ch. 15. 217S. FOOD, Extravaganje in. Sin;/iiir/ B/ri/n. ..E opus Clodius, a famous Roman actor, lived in the most luxurious manner, and once served up a dish of singing birds that cost .$4()()() at a ban- quet. — A.M. ('vc'i-oi'Ki)r.\, ".Esuris." 2179. FOOD, Figure by. /^jxirioiis. The first intention of llieir spare diet, a subordinate one, is to make them grow tall. For when the ani- mal .spirits are not too much o])pressed by a great <)uantity of food, which stretches itself out in breadth and thickness, they mount upward l)y their natund lightness and the body easily anil freely shoots up in height. This alsii contributes lo make them hand.some ; fo*" thin and slender habits yield niore freely to nature, wliich then gives a line ]iroportion to the liml)s, while the heavy and gro.ss resist her by their weight. — Pl.UTAUC'll's LVCUKGIS. 21 §0, FOOD, Mind affected by. ^r2. FORGERY confessed, /fad I'pon llio accession of Philip [V'l.J Uobert, Coiuu of Ar- lois, became one of the most intluential and powerful persons in the kingdom, and he deter- mined to make a third attempt to recover the |>o.s.sessions of his ancestors. It was not likely, liowerer. thai the Court of Peers wo\dd be in- duced III reverse its former judgments. excei)t upon th( strength of fresh and conclusive evi- dence ; anaid the j forfeit >f her crime by being burnt at the stiike, together with others of the perjured witnesses. — Stuikms' Fu.xnck, eh. 10, «i :{. 219;i. FORGERY, Converient. Jlonuni Em- peror Cdriniis. A contiili'iitial sc(relury. who had ac(pdred uncommon skill in the art of for- gery, delivered the indolent emperor, with his own consent, from the irksome duty of >igning his name. — Giiu'.o.n's Ko.me, eh. 12. 2I9.I. FORGERY, A delusive. WilUom of 0) . cnif/c. [He hid invaded England. A manifesto apiieared under the ajiparent hand iind seal of the prince.] \'eiigean(c alien from the usages of ( hristian and civili/.ed nations was denounced against all jiaiiists who should dare to espouses tile royal cause. They should be treated, not as soldiei's or gentlemen, bul as fn'cbooters. The ferocity and licentiousness of the invading army, which had hitherto iieen restrained with a strong hand, should be let loose on them. (,!o()d Prot- estants, and esjH'ciallv those v, ho inhidiited the ca])ital, were adjured, as they valued all that was dear to them, and commanded, on jniil of the prince's highest disjilcasure, to.sei/.e. disarm, and imprison their Roman Catholic neighbors. This document, it is .said, was found by a Whig bookseller one morning under his shop door. He made haste to jirinl it. Many copies were disjK'r.sed by tl.e jiost, and passed rapidly from hand to hand. Di.scerning men liad no difficul- ty in iironouncing it a forgery devised by some ii I m 2G0 FOIiGERY— FORSAKEN. m uiKiuict iiiKi unprincipled udvonturcr, such as, ill trouhlcil times, ure iilways busy in tiic foulest iiiid darkest otlices of faction. Hut the multitude wascominelelv duped. — M.vtAii,.\v's Kn(;,, eh. !t, p. 4!U. «I05. FORGERY, Perilous. /Vm. .\.i). isi:], |\\'lieu Xa|)(ileoii wis relrealinLr from .Moscow,] ;ui ollicer liy the uumv of .Mallet forged an ac- count of the death of Napoleon. Avaiiinn' himself of tl' ' panic w liicli liie aiuiouncemenl caused, he trathercd around him a few inindred of the .Xalioii'ii (luard, and made tiie most auda- cious allempt to lake into his own hands the reigns of ]iower. The cons linitor. however, was soon arrc-.te(l and siml. — .\iU!(ir'is Nai'oi.ko.n 15,, vol. ','. cli, 1 1. aiJ»«. F0RGETFULNES3 desired. '/'/»/// W.- rhx. When Simonides olfcred to li a( li 'j'lie- mntocies I lie art of memory, he answered, .Mi I rather lear. FORGIVENESS, Christiar. T/n' Turk. [Kouiann-^] tiie suecessor(jf Coiislantine, iu ii, jile- hi'ian iiahil, w is led into the TurUish divan, and commnnd'd to kiss the gr"'iiid before tiie lord of Asia, lie i"luctatitly olicycd ; and Alp Ar.s- lan, starting from his throne, is s;nd to have planted his fool on the neck of the Hon"'" em pel' I. . . . In the preliiniii.'iries of negotiation. Alp AiNlan asked him what treatment hee.viiect- cd to receive, and the calm indilfcien.:'!' of )lie empeinr dispj.ays the frei'dom of his mind. " If you are cruel," said he, "you will take my life; if you listen to pride, you will drag me at jour cliariol-wheels ; if you consult your iiiieresi, you \s\\\ accept a I'lUisom, and restore me to my country." " And \\liat," continued the sulta:). "wduld li;ive heeii your own behavior had lort- I line smiled on your arms v" The re|)ly of tla; Oreek betrays a vntinient which |iiudenci' ;i,d e\-en gr.ttilude, should Inive laugiii him to sup liress, ■Had I vaiicpdshed," he fiereeb- said, " I Would have intlictetl ou 'Iiy body many a stripe." The Turkish coni]ueror smiled at the insolence of his ca|)live ; obs Tved that tiie Christian law inculcated the love of enemies iind forgi\'ene-s of injuries ; and nobly decli,i-ed that } he Would not imitate an example which lie con- | denuicd. — (Jihuon's Komi;, ch. Tu. \ 2 1 ft**. FORGIVENESS for the Dead. \,ii>ohoii ]. \\\ the Icittle of Wagram] Xiijioleon recog- ni/;ed among the slain a colonel wiio lad giNcii him cause foi-displcasure. He stn|)pe(l and ga/e(l ; for a moment ii|)oii his sadly mutilated body '[ stretched upon the goiy field, and s;iid, with emotions wliicli every generous lie,irt will un- | derstand, " I regi'et not ha\-ing been able to speak i to him before the brittle, in oi'der to tell him that. : I had long forgotten e\'crytliing. " — AiuioTT's Nai'oi.ioo.n I)., vol. 2, eh. !K 2199. FORGIVENESS, Gen<^rou8, John Wrn- hi/. .losepli IJradford was for manv years the trav(>lling companion of the Rev, .lohn Wesley, .ind considered no assista:ice to him too servile, but was subject to changes of temper. Wesley ' directed him to carry ;■. jiiickage of letters to the post ; Bradford wislled to hear his sermon first ; fused. "Then," said Wesley, "you and I must ])art." " \'ery good, sir," replied Hriidford. . . . Tliey slept over it. On rising the ne.\* morning \Vesley accosted his old friend and asked if ho had considered what he had said, that " th.ey must part." "Yes, sir," replied iJradfoni. " And must "wo part ';•" iiKpiired Wesley. " I'lease yourself, sir," was tlu' rejily. " \Vill you ask my pardon V " rejoined Wesley, " No, sir." " Voii won't ?" " Xo, sir." "Then I will ask yours !" replied the great man. Bradford melted under the e\am|ile, and wept like a child. — Sri;\ i;ns' .".''yriKUUsM, \(il. ^', p. ;i.s(). 2'200. . /.""/•< AT/. (When Louis Xil. w,is made king the| magistrates of Or- leans, who sent a deputation to ask ]iardon , . . for indignities w liicli he had sulTered whilea jiris- oner in that city, were dismissi'd with the gener- ous and celebrated answer that "it did not be- come the King of France to resent the injuries of tlie Di'ke of Orleans. '—Sri dknts' Fha.nck, ch. l:}, s: 1. 2201. FORGIVENESS impossible. I)in,rrr of .losrpliiiir. It is the great and the inefTable slain which rests upon the character of Xapoleon. .losephine the gentle, the loving, the magnani- mous, forgave him. The world never can. . . . Napo'eou himself was constrained to confess that :l was the greatest calamity of his life. — An- iior'i's X.\i'oi.i;o.N B., v(j1. 'i., ch. :S. 2202. FORGIVENESS, Prospective. Fmln-- o'/,- Williiiiii. |On his de:ilh bed the minister reminded him of the need of confession of sin ] " Well— is there anything more ? Out with it, the. I b( III r now than too late !" [And ccitaiu buili^ i.V opeiaiions of an opjiressive character come I nder review.] . . . " And then there is forgiveness of enemies; _\ our Majesty is boiind to forgive all men, or how can you ask to be forgiven ?" " \\ ell, I will ; I do. You J'eekiii I his wife. Queen So]ihie], write to j'our brother (iinforgiveablest of beings), after I am dead, that [ forgave him, died in jieace willi him." " J5etler her .Majesty should wiite at once," suggests liololf. " No, after I am dead," jiersists the son of nature, " tliat will be .safer !" An uiiwedgcabk' and gnarled big block of manhood and simplicity and sincerity ; such as we rarely get sight of among the iii idern sons ,if Adam, among the crowned sous nearly never. At parting lu,' said to Holotf, "You (AV, lie) do not si)are me; it is right. You do your iluty like an honest ('hii.-.tian maii."--('.MU,Y',i:'s l'iii;m:ifi( k 'inv: Gui:;at, vol. '.2, pp. (isi-c-s:!. 220;t. FORSAKEN, Justly, .A///^.'* If. On the morning of the ^tith [liis Protestant daughter) Anne's apartment was found em])ty ; the con- sternation was great in \\ hitehiill. The ladies of her bed-chamber ran up and down the courts of the palace, screaming and wringing their hands. ... In the midst of this distress and ter- ror arrived the news of I'rince George's llight. The courier who liroiighl these evil tidings wa.s I'ast followed b_\ the king liimself '''lie even- ing was closing in when .lames arrived, and was informed that his daughter had disappeared. After all that he had sulTered, this atllictioii forced aery from his lijis. " God help mo," his said ; " mv own children have forsaken me I" — Wesley was urgent and insisted ; Bradford re- .>lA('\i;i..vv's Km;., ch. i), p. 480. FORTITUDE— FOIITUNE. 201 il'iO-l. FOETITUDE, Esteem for. Miiciun. [lie (■ntcrod into tlic fiuiip of l-'orsena, ii powerful Iliiliiiii prince, to assassinate liini. Not linowini^ wliicii niiin was Forsena, lie killed the wrong man.) L pon this he was seized and exaniiiieil. Meantime, as (here liuppeiied to lie a ]K)rlal)le altar there, wilh lire upon it, \ here the king was about to oll'er saerilice, VlueiuH thrust his right hand into it ; and .is the Ih -li was hurning, he kept looking upon I'orseii.-i 'vith a firm and menacing asijcct, until the king, iHlonished at his fortitude, returned him his sword wilh his own hand. He received it wilh his left hand, from whence we are told he had the surna ne of Scd'- riild, whieli signilies kft-}iaiithd ; and thus ad- dressed himself to Forsena: "Vour threaterungs I regarded not. Iiul am coiiquered hy your gener- osity, and out of gratitude will declare to you what no forte should have wrested from me. Thert^ are three hundred Romans that have taken th(! same resolution with nunc, who now walk a!ioutyour camp, watching their oi>portunity. It Wiis my lot to make the tifst attempt, and 1 am not sorry that my sword was directed liy fortuni' against another, instead of a man of so much honor, who, as such, should rather he a friend than an enemy to the Romans." Forsenji be- lieved this account, and was mon; inclined to hearktui to terms, not o nuich in my opinion through fear of three hundred as'-assms, as ad- miration of the digiuty of the Roman valor. — Fi,i;T.\ii( ii'rt i't III. KOI, A. 2205. FORTITUDE, I'mitanio. ITmihlVUvH. [()nc(! iiMiiister of Sah'in. (.'ondemned for regi- cide — death of (Jharles 1. 1 He was allowed ii" covmcil. . . . At the gidlows he was comix'lled to wait while llu; body of his friend (nuke, who had just been hanged, was cut down and (juar- tereil before his eyes. "How like you this?" cried theexecutiiiiier, rubbing his Itioody hands, " I thank (iod," re|ilieil tiie martyr, " 1 am nol terriried at it ; you may do your worst." To his friends he said, " Wee]) nut forme ; my heart is full of comrort." — H.\.\( Koi'rs V. S., vol. 2, ch, II. 220«. FORTUNE, Change of. (',>!. i/ n, h n .•<. ( ireal was the agitation of tlie inhabilanis, there- Ion.', when they ix-held one of the ships standing up the river ; but. when they learned that she returned in triumph from the disco\ery of a world, tiie whoh^ coinmunily broke forlli into transports of joy. The bells were rung, the shops siuit, .all business was susi)eiide(l ; for a time there was nothing liut hurry and tumult. Some were an.\ious to know the fate of a rela- tive, others of a friend, and all to leaiii the jtar- ticulars of so wonderful a voyage. When ('o- hunbus landed, tlu; multitude thronged to see ami welcome him, and a grand itrocession was formed to the |)rincipal cluu-ch, to return thanks to God for so signal a discovery made by the ]ie()i)le of that ])lace— forgetting, in their exulta- tion, the thousand ditliculties they had thrown in the way of the cnteriirise. Wherever Columbus j)as.sed he was hailed with shouts and .acclama- tions. What a contrast to his departure a few months before, followed by nuirmurs and exe- crations ; or, rather, what a contra.st to his first arrival at Falos, a jioor i)edestrian, craving bread and water for his child at the gate of a convent ! — Ikvino's CoLU.MHi's, Hook 5, ch. 5. 3207. FORTUNE, Contrasts in. InhfriUincc. " How dilTeren;," said the younger AiKb'onicus, " is my situation from that of the son of Fhilip ! Alexander might coini)lainthat his father would leave him nothing to con(|uer ; alas I my grand- sire will leave nie nothing to lose." — (iiiuioN's Uo.ME, ch. g;{. 220«. FORTUNE, Favors of, C/ixr/..^ V. TIk; siege ot Met/, is one of the most memorable ei)isodes in the struggle Ix'tween theri\al houses of France and Austria. For two months the Im- perialists . . . battered the walls with a ceaseless caiuionade, and exhausted all other resources of the art of war, with a total want of success. The defenders icpaired by night die breaches elTected by th(! enemy during the day. . . . ThousaniLs were slain by the well-directed fire from the mm- parts ; and as the winter advanced, the besiegers suffered still greater ios.ses from the pitiless.sc'ver- ity of the weather, from sickness, hardship, and famine. 'I'he siege became at length evidently ho])elesii ; and Charles, bitterly observing that " Fortune, like the rest of her sex, favored the young and la glecled those advanced in years," uaveordei's to abandon it. — Stidknts' Ficance, ch. 15, ^ 4, 220». FORTUNE, Forsaken by. J.oiiif, XIV. T.ouis recei\('d the news of the (lishearteiiing re- verses |of his forces at Blenheim and l{ainiiliesj with unmoved composure. His behavior to the unfortunate marshal Villeroi was magnanimous. " .Monsieur le Marechal," said the king, when he made his ap])earance iit Versailles, "at our age one is no longer fortunate." — Stidicms' Fu.VM K, ch. 22, ^ H. 2210. FORTUNE reversed. />"/,>■ of K.irtci: I.Vtter the triumiih of the Yorkists Kdward I\'. was crowiU'd, and Fancastrians went into exile and ]»overty,| "Some of them," .says Cninjnes, "were reduced to such extremity of ^\alll before tli(! Duke of Burgundy received them, thai no common beggar could have been in gre.-itei- I ,iwone of tliciii, who was Duke of Fxeter. bul ulio conce,Hle(l his name, follow- ing the Didsi of Burgundy's train bare-foot and bare-legged, lugging his bread from door to door. This man wiis next of the house of I,aii- caster ; had married King Edward's sister ; and l»eing afterward knnwn, hud a siuidl ])ensioii allowed him for his .'-iilisi-lriice." — Knkmit's En(i., vol. 2. ch, 10, p, 1,")1, 2211.- • , A/''W-^v. ISackinirof Coii- stanlinoiilc by cru'^adei>.| His stately i)alace had been reduced to ashes . , . and the senator [Nicetas],wilh his family aiul friends, found an obscure shelter in anothei' house, which la; ])os- sessed near the church of St. So])hia. It was the door of this mean habitation that his friend, tlu! Venetian merchant, guarded in the disguise of a soldier, till ]S'icetas could save, by a pre- cipitate liight. the relics of his fortune and the chastity of his daughtei'. In a cold, wintry season, these fugitives, nursed in the laj) of jirosperity, dei)arted on foot ; his wife was with cliihl ; the desertion of their slaves con'pelled them to carry their baggage on their shoulders ; and their women, whom they placed in 'die cen- tre, were exhorted to conceal their beauty with dirt, iirstead of adorning it with paint and jew- els. Every step was expo.^ed to insult and dan- ger, — GllilJON's RoMK, ch. (JU. mm 202 FOUTLNE-FHIEXD. tW 1 2. FORTUNE, Reverses of. nrgf/ai: Joliii of ('iip|iiiil()('iii, wliiisi- ai'liniis liiid dcHcrvcd ii thoiisaiKl (Icalli^, was iit hi^\ coiKlcimicd for u t'riinc (if wliicli he was itiiioccnl. A ureal minis- ter, wli(( liad been invcsicd witii tlic iioiiors of i'onsiilaiid patrician, was iirnoininiouslyscouriicd liive liu' vilest of malefactors; u tallered cioait was tiic sole remnant of liis fortunes ; lie was Irunsporled in a li:irk to liic jilaee of liis lianisii- meiit at Antino|)olis in Ipper Kiryiit, and tlie prefect of tlie Ivisl lieiriicd ins liread tlirou,i,di tlie cilies wdiicli iiad licmliled al liis name. — (iiii hon's Ro.mk, ell. 4itth Stu SrJiemc. [In July of 1720] . . . the crowds of those that ])ossess"the redeemable annuities is so great that the bank . . . has been forced to .set tables with clerks in the stniets. The £100 shares went \ip to £1000 in Aufjiist. [The company soujrht to les.sen the numi)er of their compet- itors. A pivnic! ensued.] By the middle of Sep- tember holders of South Sea Stock were crowd- ing the Hx(,'hange, not a.s buyers, but as more eager sellers. The stock was at 8r,0 on the 18th of August ; in a month it had fallen to 410. . . . Onthe2i)thof Septem1>er . . . it was 175. [The consternatioa was inexpressible ; thousands of fi'.milies were reUiK^d to beggary ;] mer- chants, lawyers, physicians, clergy, pas.sed from their dream of fabuUms wealth and from their wonted comforts into jioverty. Some died of broken hearts, others withdrew to remote parts of the world, and never returned. [The sufferers reproached every one but themselves who sought sudden wealth by gambling rather than by work.] — Knkiiit's Esv.., vol. C, ch. 3, p. 40. 2215. FRAUD, Governmental. Oharlcx II. The first object of t'harles was to ol tain from the Commons supplies which might be employ- ed in executing tlu .secret treaty [with France]. . . . It was nece.'Siiry to have recourse to fraud. The king accordingly l>rofesse(i giea;; ''eal for the principles of iIk^ Triple Alliance, and pre- tended that, in onU r to hold the ambition of France in check, it would be necess.iry to aug- ment the licet. Th(! Coinmons fell into the snare, and voled a gnnt of £800.000. The Par- liament was inst.'uitly pr )rogued ; anil the court, thus emaricipated from coiitroi, jtroceeded to tlie execution of the great desiini. — 3Iac.\ui.av's Eno.. c!i. 2. p. 201.' 221 «. FRAUD, Suspicions of. l-'IM Cihh'. This Avas placed upiui two shii)s, which were to meet in mid Dcean. They did meet ; the twi> ends of the calile were joined and laid down successfully. At the Ne\/foundland end four hundred messages were received from Europe, when the current became weaker and weaker, and finally ceased to make any mechanical move- ineiit. On this side people were sci'plical ; few believed that any messagi' had been sent at all ; they .ooked uiion the wliole thing as a gigantic humbul,^ — Lksikii's Likk ok Fktku Coocek, 1). 2»>. 2217. FRAUD in Trade. '■ Iltnu'st rAdther." [In l.")li() Parliament ]iassed] acts to protect the public against the frauds of money-making tradesmen ; to provi ysigambis, the captive motherof Darius, entered /ilc.xander's lent, she threw herself at He]>lia\s- tion's feet ; he modestly retired, and the empress felt iibashed at her mistake. The generous con- (jueror said, " You have not erred, madam, for he too is Alexander ' 2221. FRIF.*Tf)or [King of Spai ! - i ■ i< marched through Ti of anv tue b;u' ; ,;«■■■•>. Whentlu! -■' •! ;' ' ' , )1( spoilt, he wliiii "! ,M ''ng leave . .! ■ r;.'v' .esired to FRIEND— FRIEND8. yo;j know (if cucli i)('()i)l(! whether tliey would liiivc! Jiim piis.s iiH II friend or us an ciicniy. All tlie rest received liini with tokon.s of friendsliip, iind Hhowed liini all i\u' civilities in their power on liis way ; hut the Trallian.s, of whom Xerxes is wild to have; bought a passaf^e, denumded of A.u'esiiatis 100 talents of silver, and as many ^v(llllerl. He answered the me.ssenij;er ironically, " W'liy (lid not they then come to receive them ?" At the same time, he marched forward, and lindintr them drawn up to oppose him, lie ^nvc them battle, and routed them with ^^reat slau;,di- ler. He sent s()m(;of his people to jiul the same <|Uesti(in to the Ivinijof Macedon, who answered, "I will consider of it." "Let him consider," J-fiid he ; "in tlu; mean time we march." TIk; kinir, surprised and awed by his spirit, desired liini to jiass as a friend. — Pi,i T.Micii's AoKsi- i..\ts. I222!2. FRIEND, Obsequious, ('(mar's. Oneob- se(luious senator proposed that every woman in Kome should be at his disi)osition, and filthy li- bels a.itainst him were set tloatinj^ under the sur- face. The object, he perfectly understood, " was to draw bim into a position more and more in- vidious, that he mi,i,dit the sooner perish." — Fuoi'dk's (J/Ksak, cii. 2(). 2223. FEIEND in Sickness, A. Prinre of Or- nni/e. [.Seized by the small-i)().K.] The public con- sternation was great. . . . 1 lis escape was attrib- uted ])artly to his own singular ecjuanimity, and jiartly to the intrepid and indefatigable friend- ship of Mentinck [a noble Batavianj. From the liands of Bentinck alono William took food and luedicine. By Bentinck alone William was lifted from bed and laid down in it. " Whetlier JJeu- tinck slept or not while I was ill," said William to Temple, with great tenderness, " I know not ; but this 1 know, that, through si.\teen days an(l nights, 1 never once called for anything but that Bentinck was instantly at my side. [Bentinck took the disease, but recovered.] [See No. 22S').] — M.uaulay's Eno., ch. 7, p. 157. 2224. FEIEND, A sordid. Oliirr GoUUmiOCs. [H(! went out to see the world, and fell short ot oasli to return homo. Called on an old ' ' friend. "1 1 again renewc(i tlu; tale of my distress, anci asked " how he thought I > ould travel above a hundred miles upon one half crown '!" I begged to borrow u single guinea, which I assured him would be re- paid with thanks. "And you know, sir," said I, " it is no more than I hav(! done for you." To which ho tirmly answered, " Wlij', look you, Mr, Goldsmith, that is neither here nor there. I liavo I)ai(l you all you over lent me, and this sickness of mine has loft me bare of cash. But I have be- thought my.self of a oonveyanco for you ; sell your horse, and I will furnish you a nyucli l)et- terone to ride on." I readily grasped at his pro- posal, and bogged to see the nag ; on which he led mo to bis bod chamlx'r, and from luxler the bed ho jiullod out a stout o.ik stick. " Hero ho is," said ho ; " take this in your hand, and it will carry you to your inothor's with more .safety than such u horse us you ride." I was in doul)t, when I got it into my hand, whether I shouhl not. in tiio first ])lace, aijjtly it to his pate. — lu- ViNci's Goi.Ds.MiTir. ch. ;{, ]). ;i-l. 2225. FRIEND, A welcome, Luf.inittc. At la.st tiie Itopublicaiis of France, displeased with the double-dealing of their govcnuueiit, ben'an to embark for America. Foremost of all came the gallant young Manpiis of Lafayette. Thougii the [French I king withheld jtermission, though the British minister protested, though family and honu! and kindred beckoned the youthfui nobleman to return, ho left all to light the battle of freedom in another land. Fitting ti ve.ssel at his own expi'iise, ho eluded theolhcors, and with the bnivo Do Kail) and a small company of fol- lowers reached (Jeorgetown, South Carolina, in April of 1777. — RiiJi'ATii's t'. S., ch. 40, p. ;J20. 222«. FRIEND, A wounded. " Stoix'mtllJnrk- Kon." [On the 2d of May, 1W(5!J, he lodadostruc- live attack on the right w'lig of General Hook- er's Union army.] As night came on, with ruin impending over the Federal unny, the bravo Confederate loader, riding through the gathering darkness, received a rollcy from /lin oim limn, and fell mortally wounded. — Riui'ATii's U. S., oh. 6.1, p. 'AH. 2227 . FRIENDS in Battle. I. oc.ked their Shields. Being placed together among the heavy- armed infantry, and fighting with the Arca- dians, that wing of the Lacodioinonians in which they were gave way, and was broken ; whore- ujxin Pelopidas and Epaminondas locked their shields together, and repulsed all that attacked them, until at last JVIoindas, having received .sev- en large wounds, fell upon a heap of friends and enonuos who lay dead together. Epaminondas, though ho thought there was no life loft in him, yet stood forward to defend his body and his arms, and being determined to die rather than leave liiscf)mpanion in the jjoworof hiseiiemies, ho engaged with numbers at once. Ho was now in extreme danger, being wounded in the breast with a spear and in the arm with a sword, when Agosipolis, King of the Laeeda'monians, brought succors from the other wing, and, beyond all expectation, delivered them both. — PLUTAitcii'.s Pei.oimdas. 2228. FRIENDS, Complemental. Ltiili/ Church- ill — Princes.'i An/ie. Dilferonces of taste, under standing, and disposition are no imped imoiits* to friendship, and . . . the closest intimacies oftei> exist between minds each of which supplie;.' what is wanting to the other. Lady Churchill was loved and even worshipped by Anne. The l>rinccss could not live ai)art from the object of lior romantic; fondness. She married, and was a faithful and even an afToctionate wife ; but Prince George, a dull man, whose chief pleasures were derived fron\ his dinner and his bottle, ac- quired over her no intluonce comparable to that exercised by her female friend, and soon gav(! himself uji with stupid patience to the dominion of that vohoment and commanding spirit by which his wife was governed. [Also see No. 19:37.]— Macailay's Enci., ch. 7, p. 289. 2229. FRIENDS, Discouraging. L iithe r ' .s. "Go to your C(.ll and pray, my brother, that tlu; Lord will have mercy ujion you" — thus .said many a one that thought .so va.s't an undertaking by an insignificant monk against the pope— of whoso might and i.-.tluencc! kings were afraid — would surely come to grief. " My dear Brother Martin," .said an aged Westphalian clorgyniun. "if you can do away with purgatory and the traffic in indulgei. 'os, you are indeed a great man I" . . . Luther s prior and sub-prior canio and outroatod him not to bring reproach upon I m IP 'iCA FUIENUS— FKIKNDSIIII'. #1 I i A li i lii.s order, for \bv other orders were nlreudy leaping Willi joy, win iiii; that they were not the only ones jiiiilty of olfenecH, hut that now the AugUHtiniuns wen^ also in the fire and hearers of shame. Luther rei)lied to them, " Deai' I'a- tliers, if th's work has not heen he.uun in (tod's name, it will soon come to nauijht ; luil if il has lieeii hegun in His name, tlien let Him rule as lie will !" — Ukin's Kitmkh. eh. 4, p. 47. aa.10. FRIENDS, Faults of. Napoleon 1. fl)urin;i^ his eaplivily at SI. Helena a pa])er was jiresented) to all lh<' eompaninns | wlx^had chosen to go into exile with hini| and the domestics of the Emperor, stalini,^ that they were at liherly to leave St. Helena and return to Ewrop(! if they wislied to do so. H' they desired to remain . . . they were re(iuired to sid)nut to all the restric- tions which mi.!j:hl hv imposed upon the emperor, . . . and remainini^ on the drca y rock dui-ini,' the lifetime of the emperor. All promjilly signed il [to remain] hut General JJertrand. ills liesitation wounded th(! feelings of the emperor. He sim])Iy remarked, howev(T, " Jierlrand is al- ways the .same. Although he constantly speaks of going, when the time comes he will not have the courage to leave. We nuist he able to love our friends with all their faults." — Aujiott'h N.\i'oi,EON, vol. 2, ch. ;U. aajll. FRIENDS, Unlike. ILilifax—Biirnit. Halifa.v and 15urnet had long heen on terms of friendship. ]N'o two men, indeed, could resem- ble each other less. Jiuruet was uf. rly desti- tute of delicacy and tact. Ilalifa.x's tu ;ie was fastidious, and his .sense of the ludicrous mor liidly ((uick. IJurnet viewed every act and every character through a medium distoiied and col- ored by party sjiii-it. The tendency of Halifa.\s mind was always to see the faults of his allies more strongly than the faults of his oppoiwnls. JJurnet was, with all his intii'mities, and through all the vicissitudes of a life passed in circum- stances not very favorid)le to ]>iety, a sincerely ]iious man. The scei)tical and sarcastic Halifax lay under the imputation of intidelity. Halifax, therefore, often incurred Ijurncl's iiulignanl cen- sure, and iJurnet was often the bultof Halifax s keen and ]>i)lished pleasantry. Yet tliey wvwt drawn to each other by a mutual attraction, liked each other's conversation, ap|)reciated each ollier's abilities, iiilerehiuiged oitinions fi'cely, and interilianged also good olfices in iierilniis times. [Liii'd Halifa.x was a statesman, ami JMshop Burnet the religious adviser of Queen jVIary.] — Macaii,.\ v's E.no. , ch. 9, p. 4'Jt). 2*^32. FRIENDSHIP applauded, A'ajio/ro,, /. [In ]y. and em])erors at Erfurlh. Princes and cnurt- iers were numerous.] The town was illuminaled. A tragedy ileveloping the noblest traits of hu- man natiire was ]ierforined by the most accom jilished actors of France. [p]mi)eror] Alexander [of Russia] sat by the side of Napoleoii. As the sentiment was ex])ressed from the stage, " The friendship of a great man is a gift from | tlie gods !" j Alexander gracefully rose, took the hand of | Napoleon, and bowing .said, '" 1 exi>erience tlie truth of that sentiment to-day. ' An instinc- tive burst of applause from a pit full of jirinces, nobles, and kings shook the walls of thetlieatre. — AuBOTT s Nax'oleon 13., vol. 2, ch. a. ihi:i;i. FRIENDSHIP, Commandinff. linf/n of JiiiiKM II. Ever sinc(! tlie reign of Edwanl 11 (. the 'I'albots had sat among the peers of the realm. . . . I'I'lie Ear' "f Shrewsbury was Charles Talbot.] His jur was ])leusmg, his tem- per siiigularl}' swim his p.arls such as, if he liad been born in a nnblc rank, might well have raised him to the la ight of civil greatness. All the.se advantages he had so im])ro\ed, that before lie was of age he was allowed to be one of tli(! liiiest gentlemen and linest scholars of his time, . . . tliiaigh his princijiles were unsteady, his impulses were so genenni.s, liis temper so bland, his manners so gracious and I'asy, that it was imiiossible not to love him. He was early called the King of Hearts, and never, through a long, exi'iitful, and checkered life, lost his rii,dil to that name. — .M vcaii.ay's E.No. , ch. K, p. :;.'!)«. aaJll. FRIENDSHIP, Complemental. Willidui. of Oniiinc. [See .No. 12:2;)").) The 'friends [Wil- liam and Heiitinck| were indeed made for tach other. William wanted neither ii guide nor a. flatterer. Having a firm and just reliance on his own judgment, he was not partial to coun- sellors who dealt nmeli in suggestions and oh- 1 jections. At the .same tim<', he had too much di.scernment and too much elevation of mind to I be gratified by sycophancy. The confidant of ' such a ])rince ought to be a nnin, not of inventive ! genius or coni:nandiiig spirit, but brave and ! ' lithful, callable of executing orders ]iiinctualiy j of kicjiing secrets inviolably, of observing facts i Nigilantly, and tif reporting them truly ; and 1 such a man was lienlinck. — .Macaii.avs E.no., ch. 7. p. i.^)!). 22.'t5. FRIENDSHIP, Confidential. Willioni, J'r/tar nf Oroioji . \ Hciiiinck was a noble Bata- \ ian and chosen fiieiid. See No. ~"J;2;!. | He whom even liis admirers generally aiM-ounted llie nio-t distant and fi'igid of men here forgets all disiinclions of raid<, and pours out all his tceliiiiis with the ingenuousness of a schoolboy. He inijiarts without reservi' secrets of the high- est moment. He explains with pertcct simplic- ity vast designs atfecling all the governments of Europe. 31ingle(l witii his communications on sucli .subjects are other cominunications of a I xcry different, !>ut p( lii >s not of a less inter I I ting kind. All his ad\eiilurcs, all his personal i feelings, his long run after enormous slags, liis : carousils on St. Hubert's day, the growth of his ; jilantalions, the failure of his melons, the slate i of his stud, his wish to ])rocui ■ an easy pad-nag I for his wife, his vexation at learning that one of I his household, after ruining a girl of good fatii- I ily, refused to marry her, his fits of .sea-sickness, : his coughs, his headaches, his devotional moods, his gratitude for tla^ l)i\ine protection after a great escape, his struggles to submit biinself to the Divine will after a disaster, are described with an amiable garrulity hardly to have been e.xi)ected from the most discreet and sedate statesman of the age,— .Macaii. ay's Enc. , eh. 7, p. l.")7. 2230. FRIENDSHIP, Confirmed. 7?;/ Mone\i. Frederick,, , . the Elector of Saxony — a bold man and a hard drinker, . . . was brought into the oonfederaty [against the encroachments of France imder Louis XIV.] by the promi.se of money. " For," .said he, " uur friendships, thougii FHIKNDSHIP— FUUGAMTV. •ir,r) <'V(!rs() ^o()(l, iiHist tic coiifiriiicd by presents." — Knkhit'h Knas iiiiion;^ tlie kiiiir's favorite compuiiioiis, on aceoiiiit, as it would seem, of tiie stronir ojiposi- lioii lietweeii their eliai'aeters. 'I'iie parts of D'Ariiciis were \n»n\ and liis inaniieis tiiose of a Jiidslied Freneli jfeiitlenian ; imt, liis wliole sold was dissolved in sloth, timidity, and self-indul- .irence. . . . Me wasihe slav<' of dreamsand omens — would not sit down to the table with thirteen in company, turned i)ale if the salt fell towafd him, bej.r,u('(l his jruests not to cross their knives and forks on tlieir phite.s, and would not for the world comrnenee ii journey on Friday. His health was ii subject of conslant anxiety to him. AVhenever his head aclied or his jmlse beat (piick, his dastardly fears and ell'eminatc jirecautions were the ,iest of all IJerlin. All this suited the kinif's pur])()se admirably. He wanted somebody by whom he nu^dit be amused, and whom h(^ mijrlit despise. When \\v wished to pass half an hour in easy, polished conversation, D'Arj^ens was an excellent comjjanion ; when he wanted to vent his si)leeii and contein])t, D'Arijens was an excellent butt. — MAtAi;i..\Y'« P^ukdkukk tiik (Jkkat, p. a."). aaaw. FEIENDSHIP, controlling. AIcvaiKhr J'li/ic. Pojie resembled one of the inferior bodies of the solar system, whose; orbit is dependent upon liiatof .some morcMUu.ssive planet ; and hav- ini,^ I)een a satellite of Swift, \w. was now swee thee again?". .. Somer.set exclaimed that ne\ir such an affront was olTered to a jieer of Kngland in presence of the king. " Na\ , man," said the king; "if ('oke"(tiK! Lord Chief .histice) "sends for me, 1 must go ;" and when he was gone : " Now may tli(! I)(!el go w itli thee, ' .-aiil the king, " for ! will never see thy fare ••uiy more." — Kmciit's Kno., vol. '.], ch. ',M, p. lit)."). aa44. FRIVOLITY, Shameful. C/ior! r ■•< If. The Dutch tlect sailed U]) the Thames and burn- ed the sliijis of war which lay at Chatham. It was said that on the very day of that great hu- miliation the king feasted with the ladies of his seraglio, and amused himself with hunting ;i moth about the .vupjier riioiii. — .M.\( Ari,.vv's Kno., ch. '2, p, 179. tl'Iia. FRUGALITY, Misapplied. Clmrl^sir. Our relations with foreign courts had heen jiiit on the most economical looting. Jii this frugal- ity then; was nothing laudable. Charles was, as usual, niggardly in the wrong place, and inuniticent in the wrong place, 'i'lie |iublic sei'- vice was starved that courliirs might he ]iam- pei'ed. The exi>ens(- of the na\v, of tile ord- nance, of i>ensions to needy old ollicers. of mis- sions to foi'eign courts, iniisl .seem small indeed to the present generation ; but the ])erson;il fa- vorites of tlie sovereign, his ministers, .and the creatures of those ministers ^vcl•e gorgeil with public nioiiew — .Mac .vii.AV's Eno., ch. ;i, p. :isT. aaiO. FRUGALITY, Plan of. Irlsli I>,,i„f,r. I To Samuel .IdIiiisoii. | His Ofellils, in the " Art, of Living inLondiin,"I have heard him relate. w;:s an Irish iiiiintcr, whom he knew at BirininLdiam, and « ho had jiractised his(jwn |)i'ece])lsof rcon- oniy for .several years in the British capital. He a.ssured .lohnson, who, I suiiiiose. was then meditating to try his fortune in London, but was apprehensive of the ex))ense, "that t"{() u y em- was enough lo( liable;! man to live there without being contemptible. He allowed .tHl forclothes and linen. He said a man might live in a .carrel at 1H(^ a wcik : few ])eople would inquire where he lodged ; .md if they did, it was ea.sy to stiy, "Sir, lam to be found at such aphcf." By 200 FUi^ErAL Iri; hiicndinp !Jrf. in a rofTcc lioiiso he mlfjlit h(! for soiiit' lioiirM cvfiy iliiy in very ^ootl coinimiiy ; lie ini^'lit (line lor (\il., biciikfiist on lirciul iiikI milk for II penny, iiiid do witlioiit supper. On rlKinn/iirt-itii// lie went aiiroad and paid visits. — ni)s\VKi,i,'rt Johnson, p. '..':(. tiair. FUNERAL orltioiMd. O/' (.7,<,rl,n If. [Under rei;;!! of Ills liroliier , Fumes II.) Tiii^ t'unend called forlli imuli eens.ire. It, woidd, it\deed, hardly have been accounted worthy of 11 noble and opnlenl sul)ject. The Tories j;enlly blamed the new kintr's parsimony ; the Whi^fs sneered at his want of natural afTcction ; and \hv ticrv Coveiianlersof Scotland exidtinirly i)ro- claimed that the curse denounced of old aj^ainst Avieked ])rii\ees had been si<,nially fulHlled, and that the (lei)arted tyrant had been buried with the btirial of an ass. — .M.\c'.\i:i,.\y's E.N(i., ch. 4, p. 4i;{. aaiW. FUNERAL Customs. /•'/■-///;. ffit- U<>- mmiK. Our funeral images and customs are Komaii— the cyi)r /ss and the yew, the flowers titrewn upon the j^raves, the black for mourning. — Kmoiit's En(i., vol. 1, ch. ;}, ]>. 49. il'l'IO. FUNERAL, An expensive. Q u c f n Miirifs. The funeral |of (.^ueen .'\Iar\] cost i;r>(),000.— KNKHiT'rt En(i., vol. 5, ch." 11, p. 174. 3950. FUNERAL, Fatal, dmnie ('i'inn'>i(/, I'lYiiiii r. The funeral of the Duke of York took ]>lacc at Windsor on the night of the 2()th of January. . . . The Cabinet ministers were marshalled by the licraMs in the nave of St. George's Chajiel two hours before the arrival of the funeral procession. The night was bitterly cold. As we ourselves looked down from the organ loft upon the greatest in the laud, thus doomed to stand ujion the Uiuuatlcd jiavement, shivering, and shifting their uncus/ jjositions, we ob.served tlieolilest m;in in theC'alnnct taking M 1 y wise precautions (or bis personal conifon ancl safety. One wlio was by the .side of Mr. (banning attributes (uliis kinilness of iieiirt a sug- gestion to the chancellor Ijial be should lay down his cocked hat and stand upon it. The chancellor's liealth was preserved by this |)re- caution. The funeral of the duke ])roved fatal to Mr. Canning. He caught a cold there whicli resulted in an dlness frcmi which he never really recovered. — Kmoht's Enci., vol. 8, ch. 11, p. 202. aaSI. FUNERAL, Honors of. JuUns CwKtir'.s. Part jvroiiosed to carry it to the Temple of Ju- ])iler, in tiie Capitol, and to burn it under the eyes of the a.s.sassins ; part to take it into the Sen- ate house and use the meetingiilaee of the Oi)ti- mates a second time as the i)yre of the people's friend. A few legioinuies, jierliaps to spare the city a feneral coiiMagration, advised that it slKJuld be consumed where it lay. The platform was torn up and tlie broken timbers jiiled into a heap. Chair> and licnches were thrown onto it, the whole crowd rushing wildly to add a 's Lincoln, ch. 21, j). 710. 3355. FUNERAL, Impressive. Jnliu)^ C(vmv><. Cu'sar's body, after i'( inaining till evening on the tloor of theSenate-hou.se. bail been carried home in the dusk in a litter by three of his servants, and was now lying in his palace. If it was not to be thrown '\\\\xi the Tiber, what was to be done with it? . . . Though (Mcero had advi.sed in the Senate that the discussion whether C'a'sar had deserved death should not be raised, yet it was plain to him ami to every on;' that, unless Ca'sar FUNKHAL— FlTnUTV. 267 I wiw licld iruilty of coiispiriiijiuKiiiiist tin- ('(insti- tution, tilt' nuirdiT svnH iink'. Alas ft)r yt)ur i^ray hairs dabbleil in blood I alas foi this lacerated robe in which you wert; tlre.ssed for the .sacritice I" — Fuoidk's C'.ks.xh, ch. 27. 3356. FUNERAL panegyrics. Criticincd. It ■was an ancient custom in the funerals, as well as in the triumphs, of the Romans, that the voire of jirai.se should be cornjcted by that of fiatire and ridicule ; and that, in the midst of the splendid pajreants, which tlis|)layed the glory of the living or of the (h'ail, their imperfectuins shoiiM not he concealed from the eyes of tht- world This custom was practised in the funeral of Julian. The coniedian.s, wlio rcsenteil his <:ontem|it antl aversion for tht^ theatre, exhibited, witli the ajiplause of a Christian audience, the lively and exiigui'ialcd rcprcHeiilalion of the faults and follit^s of the deceased emperor. Mis variotis character and sinixular manners iToriled an amiile scope for pleasantry ami ridicule. In the exercise of his uncommon talents he often descended below the majesty of his rank. Alc.v- ander was transformeii into Diogenes ; the j)hil- o.sopher was degraded into a priest. 'Vhv purity of his virtue was sullied by excessive vanity ; his su]ierstition disturbed the peace and endan- gered the safety of a mighty empire ; and his irregular sallies were the less entitled to indul- gence, as they ajipeared to be th(^ laborious ef- forts of art, or even of atfectation. The remains of Julian were interred at Tarsus in Cilicia ; his stately toiub arose in that city, on the banks of the cokl ;;nd limpid ('\ilnus. — (Jiitiio.N's Romk, ch. 24. 2!i5y. FUNERAL, Patriotic, liusto,,. a. d. 1770. A number of boys chased Richardson [tin in- former] to his own house, and threw stones. I'ro- voked Init not endangered, he tired among them and killed one of eleven years old, the .son of a poor German. At his funeral five hundretl children walked in front of the bier ; six of his scliool-fcllows held the pall ; and men tjf all ranks moveil in prt)ce.ssit>n from Liberty Tree In the Tt)wn Utilise, and thence to the "burying place." Stildiers and titlleers looketl tin with wtiuntletl priile. — ll.vNt Kt)KTH I'. S., vtil, 0, cu. 4;i. aartN. FUTURE LIFE, Belief in. (InnU. (With the (iaulsj it was aidnininn practice tti ctmtract tiebts with a slipiilatitin that they shtmltl be pay- alile in the iie.xl stage tif existence. Hence, let- ters were thrown uptm the funeral pile, that the tlcctasetl might carry to his relati\(s niitl friends in I'aratlise inftirmalion of the wishes antl ]irti- cecilings of thtise wliti remained on earth. And thus, upon tilt; tieath tif a chieftain, whatever hit had most valued in this life — armor, ornaments, horses, dogs, sometimcH even his householtl wer- vants — were either burnetl or interretl with hiin, that he might resume his treasures at his entranci3 on a higher sphere. — Stcdk.nts' Fit.\.\ k, ch. 1, 3350. . I'lrniiiiis. Man liecomes subject to death in eonset|Uence of his sins ; but when the perioil arrives that the whole inliabi tants of the earth shall be converteil to the reli'.;- ion of Zoroaster, then shall be the resurrection 'f the tieatl, with their earthly bodies and souls. The Just shall lie .separateil from the unjust, tho former to be translated to Paradi.se, where they shall enjoy the highest pleasures, lioth of .soul and botiy ; the latter to be puritleil for an ap- pointetl sjiace in burning metals, and cleansed from all their ofTeiices ; after whit h all createtl beings .shall enjoy the most perfect lia]i|)iness fortiver. Ahrimaii and his evil genii shall un- tlergti the same purification ; and after his lim- itetl punishnieiit even he shall paitako of tin) jovs of eternity, repeat the Zeiidavesta, antl ioiii wfth all beings in the praises of Orinuzd. — 'f'YT- i.KHs Hist., Rook 1, ch. 11, ii. 128. 3360. FUTURE overlooked. If/iionnin'. Tht; Indian who fells the tree that ho may gather tht! fruit, antl the Arab who plunder.s the caravans of commerce, art; actuated by the .same inijiulst) of .savage nature, which overlooks the future in the present, anil relimiuishes for momentary ra- iiiiie the long and .secure possession of the most im]>(irtant blessings. And it was thus that the shrine of St. Peter was profaned by the thought- less Romans, who pillaged the oilerings and wounded the pilgrims, without computing the number and valuta of similar visits, which they prevented by their inhospitable sacrilege. — Gin- noN'.s Ro.MK, ch. ()!(, p. 42.'). 33«l. FUTURITY disclosed, Tnipoxforn. 'With a rude and unenlightened jieople then is no j jiassion more strong than tin; desire of iieiie- 1 trating into futurity. It woultl seem that the ' less the human niiinl is aided by experience, or enabled from cxt;'iisive knowledge tti form i)rob- able conjectures of the future from the past, I the more it is ajil to wish for and to believe the i possibility of some .secret art or method of ob- j taining such anticipated views. All barbarous nations have their augurs, their sorcerers, or their oracles. The Canadian savages have in every tribe a few crafty imi)ostors, who jiretend to foretell future events by visions, which they have in their sleep, and who are thence termetl (ImiDwrx. When the tribe marches to war, these dreamer* constantly iUtenil in the rear i>f the troop, ami no measure is Nentured upon till they :fl 2t;s (!.\IX-(}AMIW-INn. i in ! ari' coriMultcd. The Afrliim nc^fint •< liiivc lliclr 0/1/ niciniiiil woriK'ii, who (leal in rlmriim innl in cunlations, and arc lirnily lirlii'vcd to iiavc ihc power 1)1' (iisiiciiNin);; pxid ami evil I'mhiiM' at. IJM'ir iilcasiirc. 'I'iic sorcirif'H of llic l.aplMriilir arc Well Iviiown, ami ilif .hccoikI "tiiriii ol' iln' Hcitllisli ilii;lilnM(|irs ; all proceed Irtun 1 lie same source— innoianci- and Miper>lilion, — 'I \ n.i-.iiH liisr , Hook I, ( h, 7, i>. (II. 'J'JII'i. GAIN or Lou. 'Hk' T,irl,ir [When the lnhaliilant.>4 ol' the conipiered eitv >>l' I>paliaii revolted ai,niinHt, the anlhorily of 'I'lnioiir, | he (lex|)alche(i instantly KID.tltIO 'men, uilh oi'ders that, each should hrini; him the hcail of a I'er- Hian, under penalty of lo.sin!.' his own. — I,\M\|{ Tink'h 'riiiiii;\ , p". Ill 1. •i'i«:i. GALLANTRY, Inconsiderate. Olinr (iohlnmilli . While sirollin;' one day in these ;,'arden><, he met three feinalcs of the family of a respectalile tradi'smaii to whom he -was under Mime <>li!i<;a!ion. With hin prompt, disposition lo oliliire, he comliicted Ihemalioni the pirden, treated llieni to tea, a. id ran up a hill in the most open liandeanter. Hie wait<'r was paid, and poor (ioldsmilh enalili il to convoy olV the ladies \\ilh ll.\ ing (,'olors. — lii\iN(.'s Goi.n- B.MITII, eh. Vi, \^. !»."), 2a«.|. GALLANTRY, Proof of. /•; /" 'A' linhi-H. As Ale.x.iiidcr |.Se\rius) was a modi : iind duti- ful youth, of only seventeen years of aire, the reins of iro\-ernmenl were in the hands of two Women — of his ii')tlier .Mam.e.i, and of Masa, his j;r,indniolhei-. . In hereditary nuaiarchies, . . . especially those . 1 modern Kurope, the l^iM.iiU spirit of chi\idi'y and the law of succession have accustomed us to ;illow a sin!j:ular excejition [to the conlincnienl of the femaU^ sex lo domes- tic life] ; and a woman is often acknowledged the al)solut(! sovereign of a great kingdom, in which she would he deemed incapaliie of exer- cising the smallest, employment, civil or military. — (jinnoN's l{().\ii:, eh. (i, p. IT."). 2'i«5. GAMBLING, Degraded by. ('l,„rliH /ua: [When Fo.x wa-- opposing, as a iiieinli"r of the government, the jietition of some of the clergy,] (iibhoii writes : " Charles Fox iirepared Idmself for that holy work by ])assing Iweiily-lwo hiaus ill tlio |)ious exercise of ha/.arord Sandwich, a minister of si.iie, when lie hunted with the Duke (;f Cumberland carried dice in his jtocket, to throw a main under a tree when tlu! hounds were at fault. — Kniuiit's Eno., vol. 0, ch. 13, p. 1!)'2. n.WUHJNCJ OAMES. 200 tlSlY'J. OAMBLIKO, Pride .u. Ilifih Ijff. Ili)fli pliiy Wits rlu'd till' rcii;riiiii; pleasure of Hiwlely III every com '\s in I'^iiiope. Iinui>» XIV', wiis not (liH|i|eiise(j when lie lieiiril llial tlic i'orlii Kilese iiilll>il.SNi.'l"r liiid won I ,M(I(I,IKK) Iriilics of Ilis iiii'ie ill a -inule liiulll iliull |>lay, lie tll(iu;;lit, lieeaiiiea prillcesM of the royal lioll.se ' if I'Viuue. and In' wuh williii;r I'.iirope slioiild ki: a on what a scaic of :,framleiir j;aiiil»iiMLr wiindoiie Hi Ills I I. ml. .luliM l,aw. cool, adroir, calciiitil ill;;, fniiiul till careless ikiMch of llie lime an easy pi' > . A slotit footman preceded huii to llielioii ■( sof lii.saiilaui>iii>lM, eaiiyiii;; two heavy lia^^H of i;old, and the servant usually had a heavier load to carry home than the one he liroiulii in till' eipiirse of a f< \\ yeurs, hcsidi's iiviii'.' like a |)i'iiH'i'. he could p'.diice in ready money a sum equal in our currency to ijii.C'in.- HIH). 'indeed, ^la h was his siieci^>, that lie was uspecleii of cliealiliir. 1IM(| at I i-l few Vclitlirr'il lo pla\ u itii liiiii, Cvri iiri:i)i.\ "1 liio'i, p. 4r)l. SWT:|1. GAMBLING, Ruinous. .iniiiL,'s — In ii sliori tour taken to " see llie world."] A new coiisiiltation was heiil an.oiii,'' (loldsmilli friends ii lo his fuluic ( oui>e, and it was deter mined In should try the law. His uncle Conta- line airrct d load\aiice tile necessary funds, and ai'lualiy fiiinishrd liim with i'ol). \\llli wlii( i lie set oil' ti,r London lo enter on his siudie.s lU llie 'I'empli'. Infoiiunately. he fell in company at l>iililiii willi a If. 'scominoii iiei|uaintanec, one wliose wits Imd hei n siiarpi'iied aliiMii town, who lie^cuiicd him into a iianiliiiiiir liousc. and soon left liirii .IS penniless as when lie hesirodi iliere- liollhtalili' I''iddle hack. — lllviNo's (ioMisMI'I'll, ell. 4, ]). ;!.■). aari. . EuiiJUh C, utnj. [lleury St. .loliii writes in ITOti :] Vou ask me how play Uses nie lliis year '.' I am sorry to say very ill, a.s it has already, --inee Ot'tolier, iikiii i'8(K) from mc : iioraiii 1 in a likely way i imhiirse myself soon hy the emoluments ot . |ilace or military jirefei meiit, liaviiii; voted the oihercven- iiii,^ ill a iiiinoiity. ... If ruined, tiiere were two ii-ources aL;aiiist starvation — a ]ilace or u wife. Henry St. .IcJin Ixcame Lord MoliiiLrlaoke. Ill 1777 (liiirles 'rowiishend w rites of luni ; " He is none to ilii'li in |puisuit of a lady, who he proposes sliiMiid recruit his rmances. It is .said siie has accepicd his proposal." — IxMOHTS JvNii., vol. 7, ch. (), J). I():i. ♦2'2r5. GAMBLING, Universal, ad. 11!)4. The jiassion of play'iiif for money was so universal, lliat in tlic crusade, in ■which ail ranks of men were eiiira;,'!'!!, tlie kiiitrs of jMii,daiid and l'"niiice made tlie most strint^cnt rcirulatiiais to keep .i^amliliiii; witiiin limits. No man in tlie army wa.s to iilay at any kind of pime for money, Willi the exception of kiiii:iits and the cleriry, and IK) kiiii^lit or clerk was to lose more than yo,". in oriedav. — Iv.Moiit's ICno., vol. 1, ch. 'i'l, p. :i'^t;. aarO. GAMBLING, Vice of. Vr„Ufic. Petro iiius Ma.Nimus, a weallliy .senator (if the Aiii- (;iaii family, wlio had been twice consul, was ]>os- .s(j.ssc(l of II chii.ste and beautiful wife ; iier obsti- nate resistance served only to irritate the desires of Valeiitinian ; and he resolvt'd to accomplish them either by slnita^i'in or force. Deep tram iiii; was (iiic of !li(. vices of tlie court ; the em- |VTor, who, by clmnci'iir ronlriviuicc, liud j^aiiied from Ma.\imuH ii considerable Hiim, iiiicourti!- ously evacied his rliij; as a security for llie di4il, and 'Ml it by u Irusly inc^sen^rer to his wife, willi an order, ill iicr husbands name, that nIio should imiliediately .itleiid the KlliplesM I'illdoxia. 'I'lic Miisiispectinu; wife of Maximiis was con VCM I In lier litter to the imperial palm c ; the emissaries of her impatieni lover condiicled her to a reiuoteand silent bed( hambir ; and Viileii- tiiiiaii violaled, witlioiii remorse, iliilawsoj hos- pilaiilv. ill r teal's, when slic i iiirncil home, her drr|) iillliction, and her li ' r reproaelicH lU^aiiisi .1 liiisliand whom she .oh>idered as tlin accoinplii e of his ow ii Hliame, 'Xi ited iMaviimm to a ju>l reven!.'e. — (Jiiiiion'h Uovit:, cli. :{"i. tJJTT'. GAME, Preservation of, liihuinini. The .\liir;in lioiis, w lien picssi d liy liuiit.'ir, infest- eil llie open ulhi^es and luliivatcd c oimtry ; all' :liey infesteil llnin with impiiiiily. 'I'lie io\,d JMii^l was iiv^ei 1 cd tortile pliiisiirc of the emperor Mild the ciipilal ; and llic iinforliinale ])easaiit \v Im killed one of tlicin. tlioiiuh in his own deteiici ji riiircd a very lieavv penalty. 'I'liis i\\v\\.i\\,\\\\.,v\ N^ Ndri;, (iiuito.N s UoMK, cli i. •J'2f* GAMES, Beneflcial. Au.-i,!,!. In a pi- litii ,, , i, .\,llitvr 1 iblic ^allies were, diirini; the |i I ai,'es of their institution, id' tlic most iiii- Isiilaiil coiiseipience, Iiidepelldelilly of their eH'i , I in promoliii'^' in the youth a li: dy and vinoroii I o'lfoiiiialion of body, and Hint tictiv ily iiid addi 'ss in martial c\' n iscs ,nd 'ii siiiirli; ciaiibal. which, m cordin^M ilic aiiiiiiit system of war, well' of the utmost iiiipoilaiK r, a most belli lieial coiisei(Ucnce of those public irame.s was the fi'ei|iieiit assciiibliiiL'' totictlier of llie lii- liabianls of all the Slates of (Jrecce, and ilius proiiio'ini,'' a national union ; to w liicli tlieililler- eiicc of their pivernmeiits, and their scpar'iie in- terest-, were ollicrwise opposinix a const, iiit re- sistance. Assembled on tliese public occasions from iiiolives (d iileasiirc and iiniuseiiii iit, to wliii'i was joined the notion id' p' rforminsi a duty of rcl'uioii and indiiliriii!.'' in tverv species of feslivitv , tliey could not avoid condderiii^ eacli other as brethren and fellow-citizens. V\'li;itcver were the polji'ial iiilcrfercnces of the seviral Slates, or their iiaiioiial aiiinio-ilies, every tiriidyc of this kind was at least for ihe time ob- literated, 'I'liucydidcs inforinsiis tli.il ill liostih; o|ieratioii-- lietvveeii Slates ailually il war were siis|)eiided diiriiii,' tile perfoiniaiice of tliose sol- eiiinilies. AiiolJier coiise(|ueiice of those meet- iiiiis was 'he dissemination id' knowlcdu'e, arts, science, iiiid literature; for it must be observed, that alliioiiLili the chief contests in tlic sacred tranics were those in tlie martial and iitlili lic ex- ercises, there were likewise trials of skill in poetry, history, and music; and it is cliietly to these laller exercises of irenius thai vvi must at- triliute tlie eniiiience of tlie (Jreeks in those sciences above all the nations of antiipiity. — TvTi, Kit's Hist., I?ook l,cli. 7, p. (Mi. 2270. GAMES, Employment in, MiUUiry. In a loiiir-coiitiiiued war at a distance, as that of Troy, the winti^r sea.son was siient in the camp, and there was a complete cessation of hostilities. Diclys of Crete informs us tliat the Greek-s duriiiL: tlie winter exercised tliemselves in u va- SAAAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) % A :a 4^0 LO ^ii« I.I 125 u 2.0 im 1 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" ' ► Hiotographic Sdoices Corporation 23 WiST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS 80 (716) •72-4503 ^ V V iV n innocent, soothing relief from the melancholy which distres.sedhiin so often. I have heard him regret that he had not learned to ])lay at cards ; and the game of draughts we know is peculiarly calculated to fix the attention without straining it. There is a composure and gravity in draughts which in- sensibly tranquillizes the mind ; and, according- iy, the Dutch are fond of i', as t'ley are of smoking, of the sedative influence of which, though he hlm.self never smoked, he had a high opinion. Resides, there is in draughts .some ex- ercise of the faculties ; and, accordingly, John- son wishing to dignify thesubject in his Dedica- tion with what is most estimable in it, observes : *■ Tritiers may find or make anything a trifle ; hut since it is the great characteri.stic of a wise man to see events in their causes, to obviate con- sequences, and ascertain contingencies, your Lordship will think nothing a tritle by which the mind is inured to caution, foresight, and circum- spection." — Hoswell's Johnson, p. 85. 22§2. GAMING condemned. Napoleon I. For gaming in all its branches he manifested . . . through the whole of his life; the strongest dis- approval. He ever refused to repose confidence in any one who was addicted to that vice. — A.b- BOTT 8 Napoleon R., vol. 1, ch. 4. 3293. Generalization, Vicious. SipIiMs. As all the strength and skill of the Sophists lay in the application of general arguments to the questions which they canva.ssed, nothing more was necessary for their confutation than to bring them to particulars — to .set out by some 8imi)le and self-evident proposition, which being grant- ed, another followed equally undeniable, till the disputant was conducted, step by step, by his own confessions, to that .side of the question on which lay the truth. No method could be de- vised more effectual than this for the detection of sophistry ; and the Athenian logicians very soon found that their general aposatus of argu- ment would not avail them against so subtile an antagonist. They lost all credit and reputation -TvTi. Kit's Hist., Rook 2, ch aspiulwophers. U, p. 207. 2294. GENERALS, Too many. Mdi-eihiuiaiiH. When Micioii march"d a considerabh; corps of Macedonians and mercenaries to Rhamnus, and ravaged the .sea-coast and the adjacent country, Phocion advaiice(' against him with a i)ody of Adienians. On this occasion a number of them were very imiiertinent in iirelcndiiig to diclate or advise him how to iirocced. One counselled liiiii to .secure such an emineiu-e, another to send his cavalry to such a post, and a third i«)iiitcd out a jilace for a cam]). " Heavens I" said Riiocion, "how many generals we have, and how lew soldi(T> ' "— Rl.rT.^HCIl' i i'lKK lO.N. 22*t.-). GENERALSHIP, Successful. 7'"//);«7/. Roi.ic had ])Ut out her real sirciiglh, and at once, a> before, all opiiositinii went down before her. Asia was conii)letely coiKiuered up to the line of Die Eui)hrates V triumithal inscrip- tion in Rome declared that Ronqiey, the iier>i)le's general, had in three years (aptured loOO citie.^, and had .slain, taken, "or reduced to submi.ssio::, 12,000,00(1 human beings. He justified what Cicero had foretold of his moral uiiriuhtness. In the midst of oi)])ortunities such as had fallen to no commander since Alexander, he outraged no woman's honor, and he kejil his hands clean from " the accursed thing." When he returned to Roir.e, he returned, as he went, iiersonally poor, but he filled tlie ireasury to overtlmviiig. — Fuori.i.'s C.«s.vu, ch. 10. 229(>. GENEROSITY, Artful. lioman Einpcr- (ir Titrltnx. When Tacitus was elected by the Senate, he resigned his ample patrimony to the public .service, an act of .ireiierosity specious in appearance, but which evidently disclosed his intention of transmitting the empire to his de- scendants. — Giiujon's l{o.Mi:, ch. 12. 2297. GENEROSITY, Easy. Pope Mexunder VI, Several causes iini)e(le(l the career of P^ng- lish discovery during the greater part of the six- teenth century. The next year after the new world was foiiiid thejiope, Alex;'nder VI., drew an imaginary line north and south, three liuu- dred miles Vest of the Azores, and issued a papal bull, giving all islands iuid countries west of that line to Spain. Henry VII. of England was himself a Catholic, and he did not care to begin a cf)nflict with his Church iiy pressing his own claims to the newly found regions of the West. His .son and successor, Ilenrv VIII., at first ado]ited the same jtolicy, and it was not till after the Iteforniation had i)een accomplished in England that the decision of the pope came to be disregiirde(', and finally despised and laughed at.— RiorATii's U. S., "ch. 6, p. 78. 2299. GENEROSITY, Example of. R>i\ John ILtrninl. After strugglin.ir with disease forabout a year, he died of coiisuinpliiin. AVhen his will was opened, it was found that he had left his whole library of two hundred and .sixtv volumes and one half of his estate to the proposed col- lege — his estate being worth nearly £1(500 ster- ling. Provided thus with a fund of nearly t'1200, the trustees went forward, erected a building, es- tablished the college, and conferred upon it the name of its first benefactor. The examiile of John Harvard was more beneficial even than the money which he bequeathed, fur it inspired a WENKUOISITY— GKNIUS. 271 larpe number of other persons with generous feelings towiinl the infant institution. — Cyci-o- FEDIA OK Bio son of the tnicle of the ajiostleof (iod, 1 am a trav- eller, anounted to ])rc'sent the i)ilgrini witli his camel, her ilch cajjarison, aud a purse of 4()(K) pieces of gold, ex- cepting oidy tlu! sword, either for its intrinsic value, or as tlu; gift of an honored l^insman. The servant of Kais iiiformed the second sujjpliant that his master was asleep ; but he immediately added, " Hero is a purse of 7000 pieces of gold (it is all we have in the house), and lien; is an order that will entitle you to a camel and aslave;" the master, us soon as he awoke, praised and en- franchised Ills faithful steward, with a gentle re- ])r()of, that by respecting his sluml)ers he had stinted his bounty. The third of these lieroes, the blind Arabah, at the hour of jjrayer, was supporting liis steps on the shoulders of two slaves. "Alas!" lie replied, "my coffers are empty ! but these j'ou .nay .sell , if j-ou refuse, 1 renounce them." At these wonls, pushing away the yo'.ths, he groped along the wall with his staff. — GinnoNs Ko.mk, ch. 50. 2390. OENEBOSITY, Noble. Benjamin Fntnk- lin. When, at the age of .seventeen, he landed lit Philadelphia, a runaway apprentice, lie had one silver dollar and one shilling in copper coin. It was a fine Sunday morning, as prob- ably the reiider remembers, and he knew not a soul in the place. He asked the boatmen upon who.se boat he had come down the Delaware how much he had to pay. They answered, Nothing, because he had helped them row. Franklin, liowever, insisted upon their taking his shilling's worth of cojipers, and forced the money upon them. An hour after, having bought three rolls for his breakfast, he ate one, and gave the other two to a poor woman and her child, who liad been his fellow-passengers. These were small things, you may .say ; but remend)er, he was a poor, ragged, dirty runaway, in a strange town. — Cycloi'edi.v of Bioo., p' 129. 2291. .Peter Cooper. [Erection of Cooper Institute.] He bought tlie first lot about thirty years before he began to build, and from that time continued to buy pieces of the ground as he could spare the money. In 1854 the wh'.le block was his own, and he began to erect thereon a massive structure of .stone, brick, and iron, si.K stories in height, and fire-proof in every part. It cost $700,000, which was all the fortune the founder possessed, except that in- vested in his busiiv^sb. In 1859 be delivered the property, with the joyful and proud c(,nsent of his wife and children,'into tlie liands of trustees, and thus placed it forever beyond his control. Two thousand pupils immediately applied for admission, a number which has greatly increased every year, imtil now most of the departments are filled during the winter season with attentive students. From the beginning, as many as three thousand persons used the nailing room every week. — Cycloi'KDIA ok Hioo., ]), 579. 3292. OENEBOSITY, Patriotic, ^^orth Caro- lina to JioHtoii. A.I). 1774. At Wilmington . . . the Sinn of ,t2000 currency was raised in a few (lays ; the women of the plac(! gave liberally ; Parker (Quince olTered his vessel to carry a load of provisions, freight free, and master and mar- iners volunteered to navigate her without wages. — HANcm)KT's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 5. 2293. . South Carolina t» B-Htoi,. A.T). 1774. [Boston port was closed by the I'orl Act, and the peo])le began to sutTiT. ] The colo- nies vied with each otherin lilieralily. The rec- ord kei)t at IJoston shows that "the ]iatriolic and generous i)eo])lc" of South Carolina were the first to minister to thesulTenrs, sending early in ,Iun(!two hundred barrels of rice, and in'oniising ciifht hundred more. — Banc kokt's U. S., vol. 7, cli. 5. 229.1. OENEBOSITY, Sincerity in. Cronnrdl. He was moved to tear; when he heard of the sufT(!rings of the i)eoi)le of the valleys. He sent inmiediately" the sum of .t2000 from his own purse to aid the exiles. He appointed a day of humiliation to be held throughout the kingdom, and a general collection on their behalf. The people heartily responded to his call, and testified their .sympathy with their distressed brethren by raising the sum of ,t40,()()0 for distril)u- tion among them. — Hood's Cho.mwki.i,, ch. 16, p. 213. 2295. OENIUS, Advance of. haac Neirtoii. This great man, whose genius far outshone all wjio have gone before him in thei>ath of philosophy, and who has, perhaps, exhausted tlie most impor- tant discoveries of the law of nature, so as not to leave to posterity the possibility of eclipsing his fame, had, it is certain, made the greatest of his discoveries before he had attained tlie age of twen- ty-four. Before that early jieriod of life he had discovered the theory of universal gravitation. Dr. P(!niberton, who has given an excellent view of his philosophy, informs us that Newton, as he .sat one day alone in a garden, fell into a rev- cry or si>eculation on the jiower of gravity. It occurred to him that as this jiower is not found sensibly to diminish at the remotest distance to which we can ascend from the centre of the earth — for instance, at the toj) of the highest mountains — it was not iinreasonable to sujipo-se that it might extend much farther than was usu- ally thought. Why not (said he to himself) as high as the moon ? and if so, her motion must be influenced by it. Perhaps it is that which re- tains her in her orbit ! However, tlnnigh the Jiower of gravity is not .sensibly weakened in the little change of distance at which we can p.lace ourselves from the centre of the earth, yet it is very possible that so high as the moon this pow- er may dilYer much in strength from what it is here. To make an estimate what might be the degree of the diminution, he considered with himself that if the moon be retained in her orbit by the force of gravity, no doubt the primary planets are carried round the sun by the like power ; ami by comparing the periods of the .several planets with their distances from the sun, he found that if any power like gravity held them in their courses, its strength must decrease in the duplicate proportion of the increase of 272 GENIUS. (listancc. Stipposiii;^, tlK-rcforc, tlii! jjower of gravity, wht^ii (jxtcntled to tin; moon, to dccTcasi! in till' sanu! proportion, Ju; computed whi'lher tliat force would l)c sulllcient to keep tiie moon in lierorhit, and lie found it would lie suUieient. Newton had now the satisfaction to perceive that this inquiry, which an accidental thouj^ht had iriven rise to, led to the discovery of a uid- versal law of nature, which solved the most strik- ini; of her plienomena. It is thus that fj:enius ])ruceeds, step hy step, from the simplest prin- ciples to the most sid)lim(! conclusions. — Tyt- i.KU's JIisT., Hook «, eh. JitJ, p. 4))(). 22»«. GENIUS, Age of. At/niiimtn. Athens, after her I'crsian triumphs, adopted the jihiloso- ]iliy cif Iidua and th(^ rhclori(' of Sicily ; and these studies became \\w ])atrimony of a city wiiose inlialiitiwils, about thirty thousand males, con- deuM'tl. within tlu; ])crio(l of a sinirlo life, the ifcnius (if a,ij;es and nnllions. Our sense of the diirnily of human nature is exalted by tlu; sini- ])le rtcnlleclion that Isocrates was the compan- ion nf Plato and Xeiioiihon ; that he assisted, ])erhaps, with tin; historian Thucydides, at the lirst I'epresentations of Ww (Edipusof .Soiihocles «nd the Iphiicenia of Euri]iedes ; and that his liujiils ^Eschines and Demosthenes cont(!nded f<.r the crown of patriotism in tlu; presence of Aristotle, tlu; master of Thcojihrastus, who taiurht at Athens with the founders of the 8toic and Epicurean sects. — (iinno.N's Komi:, eh. 40. 2'2!»7. GENIUS, Ages of. Af/r »f Lio X. There «re periods in which the human trenius seems li turn strouj^ly to one i)art.'cular direction. In one jx-riod the reasoinnic faculty seems chiefly to de- liirlit ill contemplating; its own powers, the na- ture and operations of tlu; mind ; in another, per- haps the iniaj^iiiation reigns iircdominant, and the ireneral taste is attracted to works of fancy in ])oetrv or romance. In another era tlu; mechanic or the useful arts engross the general attention, and are cultivated v.'ith high success ; in a fourth, as in the period of which we now treat, the \m[t- ular taste delighted in the contemplation of the beautiful. — Tytlku's Hist., Book 0, ch. 23, p. 317. 2'i98. GENIUS by Ancestry. John Milton. A host of eminent men have traced the first impulse of thcVr genius to their mother. ]\Iilton always ac'knowledged with just gratitude that it was 'o his father's discerning taste and fostering care that he owed the encouragement of his studies, and the leisun? wliicli rendered them possible. He lia.s registered this gratitude in both prose and verse. — Mii/roN, hy iM. Pattison, ch. T. <2'199. GENIUS, Ascendency of. Will in m Pitt. [See No. 2835.] " I am sure," said he to the Duke of Devonshire, " I can save this country, and no- body else can." For eleven weeks England was without a ministry. [On his dismissal in Ajiril no man had dared to accept his iilace.] So long was the agony, so desperate the resistance, so reluctant the surrender. At last tlu; king [George III.] and the aristocracy were alike compelled to recognize the atrendenvy and yield to the guidance of the man whom the nation trusted and loved. — B.vxckoft's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 13. 3300. GENIUS, Belated. WilWim Cowjwr. [Mrs. I'nwin, liis best friend, took care of liiin while insane.] Mrs. I'nwin, who had terrible reason for studving his oise, saw that the thing most wanted was congenial einiiloynxMit for the mind, and .she incited him to try his liiuid at poetry on a larger scale. He listened to her ad- vice, and when he was nearly tifty years of age became a poet. He had acijuired the; faculty of verse-writing, as we have s-.'eii ; he had eveu to some extent formed his manner when he wa.s young. Age must liy this tiiiu! have (pienched his till! and tamed his imagination, .so that the didactic style would .'Uithini lust. In the length of the interval between his early poems and his great work he resembles Milton ; but widely dilTerent in the two cases had been the current of the intervening years. — SMrrii'rt Cowi'KK, ch. 4. 2:101. GENIUS in Childhood. Olim' (iohl- .miith. Hetore he was eight ycai's old Goldsmith had contracted a habit of scribbling verses on sm.'dl .scrajis of jiapcr, which, in a littU; while, lie would throw into the tire. A few of these sibylline leaves, however, were rescued from the tlames and conveyed to his mother. The good W((man read tliein with a mother's delight, and saw at once that her son was a genius and a jioet. From that time she beset lier hu.sband with solicitations to give the boy an education suit- able to his talents.— Ikvi.no's Goi.ds.mith, ch. 1, p. Hi. 2:102. GENIUS, Constructive. Casar. [Hav- ing driven the Germans out of Gaul, he deter- mined to terrify them by an invasion of their own country.] They liegged C'lesar to show himself aiiKuig them, though his stay might bu but short, as a jiroof that he had iiower and will to protect them ; and they oil'ered him boatnand barges to carry his army over. Ga-sar decided to go, but to go with more ostentation. The ob- ject was to iin]u-ess the German imagination ; and boats and barges, which might not alway.s be obtainable, would, if they seemed essential, diminish the elfect. The legions were skilled workmen, able to turn their hand 10 anything. He determined to make a bridge, and he chose Bon for the site of it. The river -vas broad, deep, and rapid. The materials were still .stand- ing in \\w forest ; yet in ten days from the first stroke that was delivered by an axe, abridge had been made .standing firmly on rows of piles with a road over it forty feet wide. A strong guard was left at each end. Ciesar marched across with tiie legions, and from all .sides deputations from the astonished ])eo])le jioured in to beg for peace. — Fuoide's C.ks.mi, ch. 16, p. 39. 2:i0:t. . Sir Ixdnc Netrton. [In youth] he constructed als(j a four-wheeled car- riage, propelled by the jier.son .sitting in it. To amuse his schoolfellows, he made very ingen- ious kites, to the tails of which he attached lan- terns of crimpled iia])er, which, being lighted by a Ci'udle and sent up in the evening, alarmed the ru.stics of the jiarisli. ( )b.serving the shadows of the sun, he marked the hours and half hours by driving in jiegs on the side of the house, and at length perfected the sun-dial which is still shown. Without an instructor he learned to draw .so well as to adorn his room Avith the por- traits of his schoolfellows and teachers, the frames of which were very elegantly made by his own hand. . . . For the young ladies of his acquaintance he was nijver weary of making little tables, chairs, cnplioards, dolls, and trink- ets. — Cvci.orKDi.x OK IJiix;., p. 247. GKNIUS. :.'::} 330'l. GENIUS, Co-operative. TinKie Ni'>rto)i. Siipposo ail ap|)l(! sliouUl full from llic moon — then what ? It appears to liavc liccii at this point that th(! great Conjecture occurred to his mind : Pcrliaps th(! same force tliat draws tiie ajjpies to th(! ground holds tlie moon in its orhil ! Now, but for the labors of tin; giants who had pre- ceded him, this nughty thought woidd have re- mained a conjecture. Those giants, however, had learn;id the magnitude of the moon, its dis- tance fn.mtheeartli, and tlie force of the earth's attraction at any distance. Newton could, there- fore, at once put his conjecture to the test of arithmetic. lie could a.scertain two things with the greatest exa<;tness : 1, how much force was recjuired to keep tiie moon in its orbit ; and 3, with how much force the earth did attract the moon, supposing that the law of attraction, as established by Galileo, lield good. If these two calculations agreed, his conjecture was a discov- ery. He tried them. They did not agree, liusy with other investigations, be laid aside this in- quiry for ninet(!en years. He then learned that he, in common with all the English astronomers, Avas in error as to the distance of the moon from the earth. [His work now proved correct.] — Pakton's Nkwton, p. 83. i2305. GENIUS, Creation of. Dedaratum of IiuU'pemkuiu;. This inunortal State paper, which for its compo.ser [Thomas Jefferson] was the aurora of enduring fame, was "the genuine ef- fusion of the sold of the country at that time," the revelation of its mind, when in its youth, its enthusiasm, its sublime confronting of danger, it rose to the highest creative p. iwers of which man is capable. — liAXCUc^KTs U. S., vol. y, cb. 70. 2306. GENIUS disdained. lioheri Fiiltoi). In September, 181)7, the famous Clermont, one hun- dred and sixty tons, was completed. Monday, September 10, was the day appointed for a gnuid trial trip to Albany, and by noon a vast crowd had assembled on the wharf to witness the performance of what was popularly called " Fulton's Folly. " Fulton himself declares that, at noon on that day, not thirty per.sons in the city bad the slightest faith in the success of th(! stejimboat ; and that, as the boat was putting off, he heard many " .sarcastic remarks." At one o'clock, however, she moved from the dock, vomiting smoke and sparks from her pine-woocl tires, and c.-isting up clouds of spray from her un- covered paddle-wheels. As her speed increased, the jeers of the incredulous were silenced, and soon the departing voyagtrs caught the sound of cheers. — CvcLorEDiA op Buh.., p. 157. 2307. . ,m>i Fitch. It n.uially requires several generations to p<'rfect a great in- vention. The steamboat was still very imper- fect ; it frequently got out of order and made no money. Poor John Fitch formed another com- pany, and began another steamboat ; but t]w faitli and the money of his coadjutors gave out before it was finished. He petitioned Congress for help. He sought the aid of State legisla- tures. He even went to France. All was in vain. No one believed the steamboat would ever pay, and few oould see in this poor scare- crow, this pallid, gaunt, and ragged Yankee, one of the ablest natural mechanics that ever lived. He used to slink, in his dirt and rags. about Philadelpliia, an olijcct of compassion to some, an(l to others an object of derision and contempt. Hut start the darling topic of the steamboat, and th(( whole man was changed. Fire sjiarkled in his eye, elo((ii('nce tlowcd fioni his tongue. Uisiiig to his full stature, and lifl- iiighisloiig, lean arm, he would exclaim : " You and 1 will not livi; to see the day, but llie time will {'ome when steamboats will be pnfIajesty's usual clemency. While he was talking, he perceived a person standing at a window in the room, sUaking his head, and rolling himself about in a strange, ridiculous manner. He concluded that he was an idiot, whom his relations had ])ut un- der the care of Mr. Richardson, as a very good man. To his great surprise, however, this fig- ure stalked forward to where he and Mr. Rich- ardson were sitting, and all at once took up the argument, and burst out into an invective against George II. — Bosweli.'s Johnson, p. 35. LI 274 GENIUS. 3310. . SiimudJohnxoi) . One in- stniuc of his iihscnro and pHrticiiiarity, us it is rhiinu'tcriHticoC the nmn, may In; wortli rclatinf^. W'lien hcand I took a iourney loffcllicr into thu West, wi! visited liic late i\Ir. Hanio,t f. Na- poleon, having thus made his arrangements for the terrilic contlict of the ensuing day |lhe batlh* of.Ieiiaand Aucrstadt |, retired to his tmt. about midnight, and calmly sat down to draw up a )ilan of study and of discipline,/"/' Madiiim Cuiii,- jkih'h fciNiiti' KcliooL — AiuioTr's Nai'oi.kon IJ., vol. 1, ch. ;{.■). 2:i:tl. GENIUS, Proof of, Ihninmin Fniiildin. The author of the first treaty maiie between the Inited States and a foreign nation [was the •sonj , . . of a nianiifactiireriif soap and candles ; . . . the walls of acandleshop were too narrow for liisasi)iring genius. At the age of twclvi' he was apprenticed to his brother to learn the art of ])rii!ting ; but the brother beat him, and he ran olT to New York. There he found no employ- ment. In 17!i;i he repaired to I'hiladelphia . . . and rose to distinction. . . . He founded the first circulating library in America ; became a man of science; edited Paor liicluird'x Ahixnii/r ; originated the American I'hilnsophical Society ; di.scovered the identity of eleclrii ily and light- ning ; made him.self known to bolh liemi-plieres ; esjKni.sed the cause of the jiatiiols ; and devoted t\w unimpaired energies of his old age to per- fecting the American liiioii. The name of Franklin is one of thebriglilest in the hi.story of any nation. — HiDiwrii's U. S.,eli. 41, p. 330. 2332. GENIUS, Remarkable, /'oijaiiiin Fntnk- Un. The genius of Dr. Franklin shone witli a l)ecidiar lustre. At ilie gay court of Louis XVI. lu! stood as the rc])resentati\e of his country. No nation ever hail an ambassador of greater wisdom or .sagacity. His rei)Utation for learning had preceded him ; the dignity of his demeanor and the sim])lieity of his niMiiners added to his fame. Whetlu'r as i)hiliiso](lier or diplomatist, no man in that great city of fashion was thu eipial of tli(^ venerable Anieiiciui j)alriot. His wit and genial humor maile him admired ; his talents and courtesy commanded resju'it ; his l)atieiice and iierseverance gave him tinal suc- cess. — Hii>i'.\Tirs Hist., ch. 41, p. 321). 2333. GENIUS, Resources in. Cwsar. Re- source in ditliciilties is the distinction of great generals. He had ob.served in Iw'itain that the coast fishermen u.sed boats made out of frames of wicker covered with skins. TIk; river banks were fringed with A\illi)ws. There wi're hides in abutidance on the carca.sses of the animals in the cam]). Swiftly in these ves.sels the swollen waters of the Segre were crossed ; the convovs Avere j-escued. The broken bridges were rei)air- cd. The communications of the I'ompeians were threatened in turn, and they tried to fall back over the Ebro ; but they left their position only to be intercepted, and after a few feeble .strug- irles laid down their arms. — Ficoi:ue'.s C.ksaij, ih. 22. 2334. GENIUS, Rewards of. Dr. Morton. [Practical us(.' of etlier was discovered by him.] This great discovery brought ui)on the iliscover- er, during the rest of his life, little but vexation and bitterness. As the ])roiess coulrt not be pat- ented, he wasted many years and many tliou- .sands of dollars in trying to induce Con.gress to make him a grant of i)iiblic money He did not succeed ; and although he received considerable sums from hospitals and medical colleges in rec- ognition of his right, he became at last a bank- GENU'S. 077 nipt, nnd llic HlK-rilTluld hin (.slate. ]Iin cin!!!:!!- BtaiiccH iiflcrwartl improved, l)iil he died upon lii.s farm in iMassachuselt.s, a tVw yearn a^'o, u fomiiaralively poor man. — CvihorKDiA ok 15i()(i., !>. (>4^. Si:iJI5. GENIUS, Subjects for. .Virt»„. Myh. Keiinicot relalealfrey, while .John upon the riiiht was mounted on a horse remarkable for his beauty and rich aceoutrements. Thus, two monarchs were at the .same time prisoners in London — David of Scot- land and John of France. — Tvtleii's Hist., Book (5, eh. 12, p. 1!)!). 2337. GENIUS, Successful. Turk. Orkhan, the ('hief of a petty tribe of Turkish shepherds, came to eoiKjuer without artillery that capital of Nice, which .'iOO.OOO Latin crusaders, com- manded by the tirst jirinces and the first captains of Christendom, had not been able to conquer after seven weeks' storming, with all the ap- pliances of Europe. — LA.MAli■^•l^;l•;'^s Tlukkv, p. 2 1."). 23;i!i(. GENIUS, Superstition of, Smnud Jnhn- ann. It njipeared to iiiesonu! suiierstilious habit which he had contracted early, and from which he had never called upon his reason to disentan- gle him. This was his anxitius care to go out or in at a door or passage by a certain number of steps from a certain point, or at least so a.s that cither his right or his left foot (I am not certain which) should constantly make the tirst actual movement when he came do.se to the door or pa.ssage. Thus I conjecture ; for I have, upon innumerable occasions, ob.served him suddenly stop, and then .seem to count his steps with a deep earnestness ; and when he had neglected or gone wrong in this sort of magical movement, I have seen him go liack again, put himself in a pro|H-r posture to begin the ceremony, and, having goin; through it, break from his abstraction, walk briskly on, and join his companion. — UoswKi.ii'rt .JOU.NSON. 2330. GENIUS, Time for. Ririnil. bn the re- vival of letters tlie youthful vigor of the iinagi- natioii, after a long repose, national emulation, a new religion, new languages, and a 11. w world, called forth the genius of Europe. — liiiiiioN'a Ko.MK, vol. 1, eh. 2, p. 72. a3.|0. GENIUS, Timely, ham' Xnrtun. In no other mind lu^ve the demonstrative faculty and ihe iiuluetive faculty <'o-e.\isted in . . . supremo c.xcelleiiceand lurfcct harmony. Perhaps in an age of Scotisis and Thomisls even his intellect iiiight have run to waste, as many intellects ran l() waste which were inferior onl> to his. Ilapiiily, the spirit of the age on which his lot was cast gave the right direction to his mind ;and hi .iiiiid reacted with tenfold force on the spirit of the age. In the year KIH.") his fame, though s))leiidi,l, wa.s only dawning ; but his genius was in the merid- ian! — ^Macailav's E.Mi., ch. ;{, p. yHJl. «3.| I. GENIUS, Toils of. Virnil. Seven years the poet is said to have expended in the comjxi.si- tionof the ttcorgics, and tin y could all be jirint- cd in about seven columns ol an ordinary news|)a- |)er. Tradition rei)orts that he was in the habit of composing a few lines in the niorning, and spending the rest of lli»^ day in polishing them. Cami)bell used to say that if a jioet made ono good line a week, he did very well ; but Moore thought that if a poet tlid his duty he could get a line done every day. Virgil seems to have ac- c()mj)lislied about four lines a week ; but then they have lasted eighteen liundred years, and will last eighteen hundred years more. — Cvcuu'EDIA UK l?i()oil bless you." 'I'his rennu'kable answer was etTectual : "for," said .lolin. in allusion to the alTair, " I coidd not strike again, and at night I said to the monev, ' Instead of my eating you, you will eat me v'" 33»'H. . KvhihH(<1. Before his con- venion l{ev. JIatthias ,Ioyc(! was a fearfully wicked man. When fifteen years old he came near munlcring the child of his master with a pair of shears ; when nineteen he ran from home to enlist on a man-of-war, and niado an attempt to kill himself. He becjuue a gam- bler, and attempted to murder a young man whom he had led into vice ; he sank into drunkenness which nearly causerl his death. \\v was drawn by the crowd to hear Mr. Wesley preach, who obtained great power over his mind by (uie of his simjile and characteristic acts of tenderness toward a child. He says : " What endeared him still more to me was .scteing him stoop down and kiss a little child that sat on the stairs of the puljiit." For thirty years he was a jiure, de- vout, and successful minister. — Stkvkns' Mktii- ODIH.M, vol. 3, p. 303. 3353. GESTICULATION a Specialty. Ancient Actors. The ancient actors used in their perform- ance a great deal of gesticulation, which was requisite, from the immense size of thoir thea- tres, in order to su]ii)ly the defect of the voice. ... A violent and strongly marked gesticula- tion M'as therefore in some degree necessary ; and this led to a very extraordinary praciice in the latter period of the Homaii theatre — namely, that there were two persons employed in the representation of one character. Livy, the his- torian, relates tho particular incident which gave rise to this practice. The poet Livius Andron- icus, iii acting upon the stage in one of his own ]ila}'s, was called by the plaudits of the audience to repeat some favorite; passages so frcipiently, that his voice became inaudible through hoarse- ness, and he reciuested that a boy nu'ght be al- lowed to stand in front of the musicians and re- cite the part, while he himself performed tho con.sonunt gesticulation. It was remarked, says the historian, that his action was much more free and forcible fi-om being relieved of the hibor of utterance ; and hence it l)ccame customary, adds Livy, to allow this practice in monologues, or soliloquies, and to require both voice and gest- ure from the same actor only in the colloquial parts. We have it on the authority of Luciau that the same practice came to be introduced upon the Greek stage. Formerly, says that au- thor, the some actors both recited and gesticu- Gll'JST— GIFTf^. luted ; l)ut ns It wiiH tiliscrvc'l tlmt the coiillnuiil motion, l>y ullcctin;? tlic biculliinir o, ".ho aclur, W'UH an iinitedinu'iil tc (li.stinct roiliition, it wan jiiil^Ci'd bettor to niaktt ono actor rccito ami anollier j,'cMti(ulutc.— Tvn.Kii'a Hiht., liooli '2, ch. tt, p. aou. 93A3. OHOBT, An Impro^lied. OUrrr Oohh mnit/i. At unotluT of thcso nicclingH tlicro was nil eurncst disputt! on tlio (jiicHiion of >rli"Hts, fionu! lu'lnj? tiini iK-iicvcrH in tlic posHibilily of departed spirits rctundnjj to visit tlieir friends iiiid familiar haunts,. Ono of tiie dis|)iitants sei sidl tlio next day for TiOn(ion, l)ut tlio vessel ])ui hwk tlirougli stnwsof weatlier. His return was unitnowa except to ono of tlio lielievers in >;liosis, vlio concerted with him a trick to he played olT on tho opposlto party. In tlio eveninjr, at a meeting or tho stiideiits, tlic! discussion was re- newed ; and ono of tin* most strenuous oppos- crs of ghosts was asked whether he considered himsolf proof against ocular demonstralioii ? Ho porsistod la his scofHng. Homo solonin proc- ess of conjuration was performed, and tho coin- rado silpi^'ised to ho on Ids way toLonthm made liis appoarance. Tho effect wius fatal. Tho un- beliover fainted at tho sight, aiul ultimately went mad. — Ibvino's Golixs.mitii, eh. 4, p. 81). 3354. GHOSTS, Belief in. Sdinud Jo/iiikoh. Of Jolin Wesley, ho said : "He can talk well on any subject." Bohwki-i- : " I'ray, sir, what has lie mado of his story of tho ghost V" Johnson : •' Wiij', sir, ho believes it ; but not on sulllcient authority. Ho did not tak(Himo enough to ex- amine tho girl. It was at Newcastle, where the ghost was said to liavo appeared to a young woman several times, mentioning something al)out the right to an old house, advising ap])ll- cation to be made to an attorney, which was done; and at the same time saying tho attorney Would do nothing, winch proved to be tho fact. ' Tills,' says John,' is a proof that a ghost knows oxir thoughts.' Now (laughing) it is not neces- sary to know our thoughts to tell that an at- lorney will sometimes do nothing. Charles Wes- ley, who is a more stationary man, does not be- lieve the story. I am sorry that Jolin did not take more pains to Inq^uire into tho evidence for it." Miss Sewaud (with an incredulous smile) : " What, sir ! about a ghost V" Johnson (with Boloma vehemence): "Yes, madam; this is a question which, after five tliousand years, is yet undecided — a question, whether in theology or philosophy, ono of ^ho most important that can come before the human understanding." — Bos- WELL'8 JOILNSON, p. 382. 9355. OHOSTS) Fear of. Tii Siiim. [When a death occurs], after a day or two tlio coflln is reiiioved, not through tho door, but through an opening specially made in the wall, and is escort- ed thrice around the house at full speed. In order that the dead, forgetting tho way through which he has passed, may not return to molest the liv- ing. — General GitAiiT's Tuavels, p. 382. 3356. GIFT, A dangerous. Samuel Johnson. Tom Hervey had a gretit liking for Johnson, and in his will had left him a legacy of £50. One day he said to me, " Johnson may want this money now more than afterward. I have a mind to give It him directly. Will you bo so food as to carry a £50 note from me to him V" 'his I positively refused to do, us he might, per- ha|)S, have Uikk ked me down for insultinjj Idni, and liave at'terward put the note in his pocket. Hut I said it' Hervey would write him a letter, and enclos(! a 15(> note, 1 should take cure to deliver it. — H U«,,„ll),. Tli.' Kifl^* %vlii('li 11 ricli mill Kciiiroiis iiiiiii'nii oT I'l'lojioii- iirsiiM prcHi'iilnl to tlir |'!iii|ii'ror Itiisil, her iMio|il- I'd .son, wri'i; iloiilitlc.Hs I'liliricnlni in llic («ri'i inn looiiiM. |)iinii'lls lii'stovvi'il II I'lirpi'l of (liK'Uooi, of a ituMi'i'ii wliicli iinitiiii'il ihi' xpols ol a jn'ii- «'oi'k ^ tiiil, of a inai;nitii(l(' to oviispirad llii' lloor of a new {■liiinli, rici led in tlii' Iriplf naiiu' of ('llri'^t, of Mirliai'i tlii' tiiiliMnui'l, ami of llii' ])ropliil ICIijali. Siic pivc six liiiiidird i)ii'('c,s of hilk and linen, id' various iisr and dcnoniinalion ; till' siliv wan painli'd svitii Ilir TMiaii dye, and ndoi'iird hy tint laiiors of llir nccdlr ; and liii' lint'ii was.so cMinisili'ly tliif, llial an niliri' pine niij,dit Itc rolled in llie hollow of a iiine. — (Jiii- JKI.NW Uo.MK, ell. 5:1. *ik':f^iA'i. OLOEY departed. n,>ilii,iii,si\ In tlie court of a I'oiliiLriiese kin^- llieeonipasH wa.s tlrst Kcriously studied, 'riiere, too, were construeled llic tir>t tallies of tlie sun's declinations, for sail- ors' use ; and there wa." lirst disclosed the modern mode of takin;; ohsei vations id' the sun. \\y I'ortuu'uesc naviiiiitors the islands lyinj; oil' (he .\frican coast — the A/ores, .Madeiras, Cape \'erdes, and others — were, discovered. l'o>-tu- giiese sailors first ventured down alonj; the coasl of Africa ; lirst visiti'd Ihc ne;;ro in his native home ; first saw the elephant ; IIinI l)rou<;lit to ]Ourope pepper, ivory, and pild dust, from Ihe hhorcs (d' (Juinca ; lirst, planted the cro.ss ujion those distant coasts ; first saw that remoter head- land which was afterward named the Cape of (jood Hope ; lirst douhled the cape, and so reached liy sea the East Indies. 'J'hcsc were jrreat .'ichievcmenls, second in importanco only to Ihe discovery id' a new continent, and surpass- in. ( .V.iresi- laus. till- r..aceda'monian kiii\s; fiiit their siiiialion upon luieveii ^'roiind, and the number of them, someliincg three or four erected in the .same place, ^ive tio countenance to that Idea ; . . . was orobablv to commemorate or record either public events in the hislory of the nation, or to be rei^isters of the .season as alTccled by the perindical inuiida- tionsiif the .Nile. . . . Iliil neither the ane nor the biiilderH of those slriietiiies are known will di'nr d' certainly ; a Just reward, as I'liiiy any well vanity of siu h undertakings. — ■ 1 mitv {• )l IK I, ch. •», p. :tH. remarks, of the 'I'vTi.iiii'rt Hist ii:i4tO. GLORY to God only, ('r»mir,ll. |('rom well, in announcini; the victory at the battle of Naseby to Ihe S|)eakcr id' the House of ( 'om- inoiis, "added ;| ".Sir, this is none other but the hand of (ioil, and to Him alone <;ive the glory, wherein noneare tohhaie with Him." — Kniuiit's Emi., vol. 4, ch. :t, p. -fJ. 'j:i«7. GLORY, Military. 'I'nij'iii. Trajan wmh ambitious of fame ; and as long as inankind shall continue to bestow more liberal a|)plaiisi> on their destroyers than on their benefactors, the lliirsi of military glory will ever be the vice of the most c.valled characters. The praises of Alexander, Iraiismilted by a succession of poets and historians, had kindl' d a dangerous cmiila- lion in the mind of Trajan. Like him, the liomaii emperor undertook an expedition against the nations of the East ; but he iMmenled with a, siuh that his advanced age .scare, y left him any hopes (d' ci|ualling the renown of the son of I'hilip. ^'et the success of Trajan, however transient, was rapid and speciou.s — Gmno.N'H HoMK, ch. 1. il!t((M. GOD, Conception of. Aimricnii TiKlidiii*. The (lOil of the savage was what the ineta- jiliysician endeavors to express by the word xnh- stdiirt'. TIk! red man, unaccustomed to gencrali/.a- lion, obtained noconeeption of an absolute sub- stance, of a. self-existent being, but saw a divinity in every power. Wherever there was being, mo- tion, or action, there to him was asjiirit. . . . When he feels his jiulse throb or his heart lieat he knows that it is a spirit. . . . Faith in t\w Great Siiirit . . . infused itself into the heart of the re- motest tribes. — B.nnckokt'h U. S., vol. il, ch. 22. mmO. . (Inieral La llir,: [.Joan of Arc found rough soldiers in the army of Charles VII. I These lirigands, it is true, hit n]ion strange means of reconciling religion and rob- bery. One of them, the (Jascoii La Hire, gave vent to th'^ original remark ; " Were (}o(l to turn man-at-arms. He would be a ]ilundcrer ;" and w hen he went on a foray, he olTcrcd uji his little (}ascon ]>raycr without entering too mi- nutely into his wants, conceiving that Ood would take a hint : " Sire (Jod, I jiray thee Ut do for Lii Hire what La Hire would do for thee werl thou a captain and wert La Hire (Jod." — ..Miciii;- ],i:t's.Io.\n ok Aitc, p. 12. iiSrO. GOD, Existence of . AtluiKfs. [During the Heigii of Terror the French were declared to be a nation of atheists by the National As- send)ly ; but a brief experience convinced them that a nation of atheists could not long exist, liobcspierre then] proclaimed in the Convention that belief in the existence of a God was neces- .sary to those princijilcs of virtue and morality OOIV 281 u|Min wliii'li tli)< n'pul)li(' wiiN foiinilod ; and on llui Ttli of May llic iiallDiml icprcsrmallvrM, wlm hud w) liili'lv prostnilt'd IlH'iiiwIvfM licforn the (JdddcsN of Itnt.Moti, viili'd l)y uccliuiuUinn tliitt " lli(t Fmit'li pt'dplc a('kii(i\vl('dK>' tlx' ixlHttiui' of till) Siipri'iiH' li*'ii'<, and the iiitiiKirtallty of Ihc Hoii'."— Sti iiKNiM FiiANci;, cli. 'il, ^ (I. !|:|TI. OOD our Tather. h'l/i/iiUiiiiK. Alcxaii dcr lilt! (in-alwciil io linir I'sanuiiu, an K^vp- tian ]>liili.H(ip|icr ; an*! tlm Haying of Ids llial plca.s('d liini most, was llial all nxii ant ^uv- «Tncd hy (}(id, for in cviTylliin^' llii-' which rules or ^ovi-rus Is divim-. Hiil Alexander's own maxim was more a^^reealilo to sound phi- losophy ; III said : "Ood is llie ronimon Father of men, Iml more parlieulurly of the jj^iiod and the virtuous. "--I'l.irrAiirnH Ai.kxandki' anr'J. OOD, Flfit for. Thomaii M<>ri\ Youni,' as he waM. More no Hooner ipdtled the univer- sity than ill) was known throu^dioiit Hurope as one of tlie foremost (ij^ures in the new move- .iieut. ... In a hi^^her, beeause in a sweeter nnd more jovalile form than Colet, More iHtlii' repre.sinliitive of the reli;;ious tendency of llu' new Icariiinjj of Hnj^land. The youiij? law Htudent who lau>;hed at the superstition and asceticism of the monks of Ids day wore a hair slilrt next his skin, and schooled hfmself by i)en ances fur tiie cell he desired amon;j llie Carthu- sians. It wan characteristic, of tlie man that ainonj; all the piy, j)rotli^nile scholars of the Italian Uenaissance, he chose as the ol)jcct of his admiration the disciple of Savon. »rola. IMco df Mirandola. Free thinker as the bi;,'ots who listened to his darin;; speculations termed him, his eye would brii^hleii and his ton^fue falter as he spoke with friends of heaven and the after- life. AVlicn he look ofllce, it was \ -'th the open stipidation, " First to look to God, i i • after God to the kini;."— Hist, ok Knu. l'i:oi i.i;, JJ T)!!). 3373. OOD, Ideas of. P/iilosopfws. Of tlu^ four n\ost celebrated schools, the Stoics and the IMatonists endeavored to reconcile the jarring in- terests of reason and piety. They have left us the most sublime proofs of the e.xistenci! and perfec- tions of tlie first cause ; but as ii was impo.ssible for them to conceive tlie creation of mat*- r, tlie •workman in the Stoic philo.soiihy was not sii'll- cieiul" distin^uislied from the work ; while, on the contrary, the sjiiritual God of I'luto and his disciples resembled an idea rather than a sub- stance. — GiiiiioN'8 Ho.Mi;, cli. 2. S37.I. OOD, Ignorance of. Sif/e. [Zayd, one of the s.'iijes of Alecca, j broke ojienly w ith the re- liji^on of his country ; lie blasphemed heroically lhe,u;o(ls(if the Khoreisliitcs ; he wished to travel into foreinn lands and to take counsel of their sap's. His family caused him to be kepi by force at IVIecca, closely watched by his wife Saphyil. He si<;lied under the constraint he was thus sub- iecteil to. He was sometimes overheard, with his back airainst the wall of the temi)le, to .say with liitterness to the unknown (tod who was ajLjitat- ing liis conscience : " Lord, if I only knew how thou wouldst be .served and adored, I would obey thy will ; but I am in i;;norance. " . . . He theli pro.strated his face apiinst the ground and moist- ened the placo with his teats. — Lamautine's TUUKEY, p. 00. 3375. GOD inviiible. Rcmiled. [The Ishma- clite Arabs have a tradition, which says Abra- ham was coneealiil in a cavki when an infant, iH'cause of the persecution of Niiiirod. Tliere hi) wasl nurncd b., the angels, grew in strength ".:id intellect in his cavern. His ilrst egression from it was by night. The tlrmament of Clialdea, tilled witli luminous creatures that lioated In tliit ether, revealed to him (Joil. Only lu^ was not yet able to dlstiiiguish Him from Ills works. A star resplendent beyond the otliers first arrested hlsda/./.lcd eyes; "There is my God !"i'.\clalm I'd he to himself. I'rcseiitly liie star descended and disappeared in the hori/.on. " No," said he, "that cannot be the God whom I adore." So with .several other constellations. Afterward tliti moon arose' ; " There is my God," cried he. And it .set. " No, it is not my (Jod." In fine, the sun arose majestically in the Fast, at the bor der of the forest. " Here, truly, is my God," said he; "it is large and ila/,/.llng beyond all others." The sun acconiplished his career, and went down in the liori/.on, leaving the mantle of night imon the earth. " That is not still the Giul I look tor to adore," muttered pensively the in- fant destined foi' the adoration of the divinity in- visible, immovable, and eternal. He returned to his cavern to seek his (Jod in his own sold. — LAMAIiriNK'K Tt'llKKY, p. 41. 337«. OOD, A political. Knxl TniUon. The re- ligion and government of Thibet form one of the most exiraordinary phenomena in the history of mankind. 'I'he kingdom of Thibet is governed by a young man personating a living god, who is called tlie Great Lama, or l)alai Lama He re- sides in a (lagoda or temple uiion a Tiioiiiilaln, wherc^ he is seen continually sitting in a cross- legged posture, wilhout iipeakingor moving, ex- cejit .sometimes lifting his hand, when he ap- jiroves of tlie addre.s.Hcs of his votaries. He ap- iicarH (■) be a young man of a I'air com[)lex' mi, between twenty and thirty years of age. Tiot only tlie people of Thibet, but the neighboring jirinees, resort to the shrine of the lama, and bring thither the most inagnitlcent jire.sents. Tl. , lama is both the national god and the sovereign. He ap])oiiits deputies under him, the cliie: of whom is called the Tipa, who manages the tem- poral alTairsof the kingdom, which it isbeneatli the dignity of the lama ever to attend to. The creation of this |)rince or god is kept a most, mysterious secret by the jiriests. VViien it istlio niisforlune of this ])oor image of divinity and sovereignty to fall sick, or to losi^ his youthful a|)peirance, he is jnit to death by the jiriests, who have alsvays another youiif, man whom they have privately educated and iiroiti'rly trained ti> supply his ])lace. Thus the religion of the lama is nothing else than an artful contrivanco of the Jiriests of Thibet to engross to themselves the sovereignty and absolute government of the country. — 'rYTi.Kii's Hist., Book 0, cli. ^'6, J). ;{:i:i. !2377. OOD, Presence of. Mahmni't. Three days .Mahoincland [AiiJ hiscomjianion worecoii- cealed in the cave of Thor, at tlie distance of a league from Mecca ; and in the do.se of each even- ing they received from the son and daughter of Altubeker a secret supply of intelligence and food. The diligence of the Koreish exjdored every haunt iu the neigh' orhood of the city ; they arrived at the entrance of tlie cavern ; but the providential deceit of a spider's web and a !) 2S'< GOD— GODS. pip( oil's nest is< supposftl to convinre ti.i'm that tlic place was solitury and inviolatf. " \\v nro o..ly t',.-o," Haul the fr"ml)lingAl)iiJ)ckcr '■ There is a t.inl," "-epiied the proi)liet ; " it is God him- self." Nosooiier was (!>'■ pursuit abated thiui the two fugitives issu"d from tlie rock and mount- ed the'rer.nels. — Giijuon's Komi:, eh. 50. 33r§. . Huron Ohi<'<' [Breba'uf, the Jesuit mi.i.iiona'-y, visited the luu )ns.] He- fore you eanie to this eountrv (the great warrior Aha.sistari) . . . would .say, When I have incur- red tlie greatest jicrils, and have alone eseaj)ed, I have .said to myself, " Some jxjwerful spirit has the guardianship of my '.,id iincousciuusly adored. — Banchokt's U. S., vol. 8, ch. 20. 3»70. GOD required. The S'r.tl. [Timour the Tartar desired a universal eonipust, .sayin;r the earth was too small for more than one master.] " It is too small c satisfy the ambition of a great soul." " The ambition of a great soul," said one; day to him the Sliftik of Samarcand, " is not to be .satisfied by the jDssession of a morsel of earth added to another, but by llic possession of God, alone sulHeiently great to till up an inflnite thought." — La.m.\iitine'8 Tuhkkv, p. 310. 2:)!60. OOD, Severity of. Sfandinavians. Odin . . . was their j)rincipal divinity ; ... to him they attributed every character that could in- spire fear and horror, without any mixture of the amiable or merciful. He is called in the Edda the terrible and severe God, die father of car- nage, the avenger, the deity who marks out tho.se who are destined to be slam. This terrible God was held i > be the creator and father of the uni- verse. — T\ n.Eii'sliisT., Book 5, ch, 6. 2381. OOD, Son8of. ClirinUam. How decisive a proof is this of Croniwe'I's genius, this enlisting the reiigious enthusiasm of the country on the side of the Parliament ; thus fronting the idea of lofty birth with Divine ancestry -loyalty to the king with loyalty to God — imnionse possessions with heirship to a Divine inheritance — and obe- dience to the laws and prerogative of the mon- arcli with obedience to those truths engraven on the " tables of .stone," but Avrittcn by the D.'vine Spirit on " the fleshly table of the heart," in the heroism of di.sciplineand faith and prayer. — Hood's Ckomwell, ch. 6, p. 100. 23S2. GOD, Views of. Comforting. On one occasion he reouiied a Saxon peasant to repeat the Creed. He began, "I believe in God the Father Almighty," when Luther .stopped him and asked, " Wli.it is Almighty ?" The peasant replied, " I do not know." "You arc right, my dear fellow," responded Luther ; " neither I nor all the learned men can tell v.hat God's power and might is. But do you continue to believe in all simplicity that God is )'o\ir beloved and faith- ful Father, who as the Only Wise can and will help your wife en the ."hurcli bells were .sounding for prayer. — Decisive Battj.es, § 373. 23S5. GOD, "Win of. CniKaderH. From tha synod of Plaeentia, the rumor of his great design had gone forth among the nations ; the clergy on their return had preached in every dioce.se tlio merit and glory of the deliverance of the Holy Land ; and when the pope ascended a lofty .scaflfold in the market-place of Clermont, his elo- quence was ad(hes.sed to a well-prepared and im- patient audience. His topics were obvious, liia exhortaHon was vehemem, )'■■ success inevitable. The orator was interruptec' .he shout of thou- •sands, who with oiu^ voici nd in their rustic idiom, exclaimed aloud, " God wills it, God wills it." " It is indeed the will of God." replied the pope ; " and let this memorable word, the in- spiration .surely of the Holy Spirit, be forever adopted as your cry of battle, to animate the de- votion and courage of the champions of Christ. His cross is the .symbol of your salvation ; wear it, a red, a bloody cross, as an external mark, on your breasts or shoulders, as a pledge of your sa- cred and irrevocable engagement." The proposal was joyfully accepted ; great numbers, both of the clergy and laity, impie.s.sed on their garments the sign of the cross, and .solicited the pope to march at their head. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 5&, p. .543. 33S6. GODS, Dercent from. Spuriov.i. Thero was a woman in Pontiis who gave it out that she was pregnant by Ai)ollo. . . . When she was deliv- ered of a .sun . . . gave him the name of Silenus. Lysander took this miraculous birth for a foun- dation, and raised all his building upon it. He made choice of such a.s.sistants as might bring the story into reputation, and ]iut it beyond sus- picion. Then he got another story projiagated at Delphi and sjircad at Sparia, that certain an- cient or.'icles were ke])t in the private registers of the priests, Avhicli it was not lawful to touch or to look upon, until in some future age a per- son should arise who could clearly prove him- self the son of Apollo, and he was to interpret, and publish those oracles. The w.y thiLS pre- pared, Silenus was to make his appearance, as the son of Apollo, and demand the oracles. The priests, who were in combination, were to in- (juire into every article, and examine him strictly as to bis birth. At last they were to pretend to GODS— GOODNESS. •.'S3 bo convinced of his divine pnrenfajre, and to sliow him tiie hooks. Silenus tlu'ii wuh to read in public all thoHc projilu'cies, particulii. ly that for which thu whole design was set on toot — namely, that it woulil be more for tiie lionor and interest of Sparta to set aside the present race of Itini^s, and choose others out (-f tlie best and most worthy of men in the commonwealth. But when Silenus was grown uji, and came to undertidte his part, Lysarnler liad the mortitica- tion to see his piece nuscarry by tlit; cowardice of one of the actors, whoso heart failed 1dm just as the thing was going to be put in execution. However, nothing of tliis was discovered while Lysander lived. — Phitaucii's Lys.vndek. aSir. GODS, Great. Peritudsion— Force. [The- mistocles said to t!io Adrians when he wished i>, exhort money fi;om them :] lie brought two fods along with him — PcrsiKtuiuii and Force. 'hey replied Ihey had also two great gods on their side — Poverfi/ and Dexptiir, who forbade ♦hem to satisfy him. — Plutauch's Tiik.misto- CLE8. S3§§. GOLD, Craze for. Emifirantt to JdineH- town. [Second lot of emigrants.] The new- comers were chiefly vagabond gentlemen and goldsmiths, who, in spile of the remonstrances of Smith, . . . believed they had discovered grains of gold in a glittering earth. . . . "There was now no talk, no hope, no work, but to dig gold, wash gold, refine gold. " Newport, the com- mander, . . . believed himself immeasurably rich, as he embarked for England vvith a freight of worthless earth. — Ban'ckokt's Hist, ok U. S., ch. 4. 33§9. GOLD, Delusion of. Londoners. One of Frobisher's ships . . . proceeded to the north- west [seeking a passage to India nortli of Hud- son's Strait] , . . .he came upon an island winch he supposed to i)e the mainland of Asia ; to this lio gave the name Meta Incognita. N(n-th of this island he entered the [Frobisher's] Strait, . . . carryin. 9405. OOVEENMENT, Complex. Holland. t William of Orange meciitated an invasion of England.] It seemed very dotil)tful whether he would he able to obtain thenssistancc of a single 1)attalion. Of all the ditticulties with whicli lie liad to struggle, the greatest, though little no- ticed by English historians, arose from the con- stitution of the IJatavian republic. No great .so- ciety lias ever existed during a long course of years under a polity so inconvenient. The States- General could not make war or peace, could not conclude any alliance or levy any tax, without thecon-sentof the StiUesof every province. The States of a province could not give such con- sent witliout the consent of every municipal- ity which had a share in the representation. — AIacaulay's YjSv,,, ch. 9, p. 381. 2406. GOVERNMENT, Concentrated. Beif/nof George III. [It was resolved to tax and otherwise oppress the American colonies.] It would seem that the executioi; of so momentous a design must liave engagefl the attention of the whole peo- ple of Eagland and of the civilized world. But so entirely was the British Government of that day in the hands of the few, and so much was their curiosity engrossed by what would give influence at com-t or secure votes in the House of Com- mons, that the most eventful measures ever adopted in that country were entered upon with- out any ob.servation on the part of historians and •writers of memoirs at the time. The ministry it- self was not aware of wliat it was doing. — Bax- ckoft's U. S., vol. 5, ch o. 2407. . LouLhXIV. Louis imbibed the most extravagant ideas of the nature and extent of the royal prerogative. . . . He aimed to concentrate in himself individually all the powers and functions of government. Tlie sov- ereign, in his view, was . . . the fountain and author of all law and all justice. This theory he was accustomed to express in the well-known apothegm, "The State is myself."— Students' FUANCE, ch. 21, ^ 1. 240§. GOVERNMENT confused. Xcw Jvmy. It was almost impossible to tell to whom the jurisdiction of the tc rritory rightfully belonged. So far as the eastern province was concerne(l, the representatives of Carteret claimed it ; the Governor of New York claimed it ; Penn and his associates claimed it. As to the western province, the heirs of Byllinge claimed it ; Lu- cas, Laurie, and Penn claimed it ; the Governor of New York claimed it. Over all these stood the paramount claim of the English king. From 1689 to 1693 there was no settled "form of government in the territory. And for ten years Uiereafter the colony was vexed and distracted with the presence of more nders than any one province could accommodate. — Uiui'ATii's U.S. ch. 24, p. 207. 2400. GOVERNMENT, Dangerous. Deeemnrs. Whatever we may judge of the designs of the.so decemvirs, it is certain that they endeavored to maintain their authority by extreme violence, and as certain that they became almost immediately the objects of ptublic indignation. From their first appearance in tin; forum, they were i)re- ceded by twelve lictors, who constantly carried the fasces armed with axes. 'I'heir suite was commonly composed of a numberof the most li- centious i)atri(ians ; j)rortigates loaded with debt orstained with crimes ; men whose pleasure lay in every siiecies of disorder, and who contributed a desperate aid to those ministers whose i)ower protected them in their lawless excesses. . . . Such was the miserable situation of Home tmder her new governors, that many of the princii)al citi- zens betook themselves for refuge to the allied states. — Gibbon's HoMK, Book 'A, ch. "., p. 336. 2410. GOVERNMENT, Demoralizing. Bad. The horrid practice, .so lannliar to the ancients, of exposing or murdering their new-born infants, was become every day more frequent in the prov- inces, and especially in Italy. It was the effect of distress ; and the distress was princiiially oc- casioned by the intolerable burden of taxes, and by the vexatious as well as cruel f)rosecutionsof tlie officers of the re vemie against their insolvent debtors. The le.s opulent or less industrious part of mankind, instead of rejoicing in an increase of family, deemed it an act of jiaternal tenderness to release their children from the imi)ending mis- eries of a life which they themselves were unable to support. [Such was the condition of the Ro- man people early in the fourth century.] — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 3, p. 94. 2411. GOVERNMENT, Destitute of. New Jcr- sri/. For twelve years the whole province was not in a settled condition. From .lime, 1()(^9, to Au- gust, 1692, ea.st New Jersey had no goverimient whatever, being, in time of war, without military officers, as well as without magistrates ; and af- terward commissions were issued by two sets of proprietors, of which each had its adherents ; whil( a third party, swayed by disgust at the confusion, . . . rejectedthc proprietaries alto- gether. — Bancijokt's U. S., ch. 19, vol. 3. 2412. GOVERNMENT detested. C/tdrlc.i IT. The roar of foreign guns was heard, for the first and last time, by the citizens of London. In the council it was .seriously proposed that, if the en- emy advanced, the Tower should be abandoned. Great multitudes of people assembled in the streets, crying t)ut that England was bought and .sold. Tlie houses and carriages of the ministers were attacked by the populace ; and it seemed likely that the government would have to deal at once with an invasion and with an insurrec- tion. The extreme danger, it is true, soon piissed by.— Macaclay'sEno., ch. 2, p. 180. 24151. GOVERNMENT, Dictatorial. Gustacua III. He declared that, in future, the king alone should have power to convene and dissolve the legislature ; that the king should have the abso- lute command of army and navy, and the power to appoint and remove all officers, military, na- val, and civil ; that,, in case of necessity, of \i I m 28G GOVEHXMENT. wliicli the kill!,' iilonc was to lie the judirp, he Bhould impose iii.xes witiioiit coiiHiiitiiif^ (he Hen- iite ; tiiiit IIk; Senate should discns.H no subjects cxee])! tliose i)roposed by the itiiiir ; but tiiat no oirensive war sliould \)v. uiKh'rtaken without their eonsent. He tlien declared the Senate dis- solved, and its niemliers dismissed from all their cmiiloyments. lie concluded liy takiiiira psalm- book from his 'jiocket, and ;;ave out a tlianks- givini: hymn, \vhich the whole assembly rose nndsani;. . . . The kind's triuiniih was complete. In two davs Sweden, from lieini; the most strict- ly limited monarchy in Europe, beeaiiu! one of the most alisolufe. — C'YtLorKUiA ok JJiou., p. 34;{. 34 M. GOVERNMENT difficult. Smfs. Tliouijh file Scottish Parliament was obsequious, the Hcoftish ]ieople had always been siii,!,ailarly tur- bulent and un^^overnable. They had butchered their first James in his bedchamber ; they had repeatedly arrayed themselves in arms nirainst James 1 1. ; they had slain James III. on the the field of battle ; their disobedience had broken the heart of James V. ; they had dejxjsed and imprisoned Mary ; they had led her son captive ; and their tem]ier was still asuntractable as ever. Their liabits were rude and martial. All alon;.f the southern liorder and all alonij between the Highlands and the Lowlands ranired an inces- sant and predatory war. — Macaul.^y's Eno., cli. 1, p. 87. aj 15. GOVERNMENT, Discordant. Arrr. [Un- der the C'rusaders.J After the loss of .lerusalem, Acre, which is distant about seventy miles, became the metrojiolis of the Latin Christians, and was adorned with strong and .stately build- ings, with aqueducts, an artificial port, and a double wall. The population was increased by the incessant .streams of pilgrims and fugitives ; in the pauses of hostiltty the trade of the East and "West was attracted to this convenient sta- tion ; and the market could ofTerthe produce of every clime and the interpreters of every tongue. But in this contlu.x of nations every vice was propagated and practised ; of all the disciples of Jesus and >Ialiomet, the male and female inhab- itants of Acre were esteemed the most corrupt ; nor could the abu.se of religion be corrected by the diseiiiline of law. The city had many sov- ereigns, and no government. The kings of Jerusalem and Cyprus, of the house of Lusig- nan, the jirinces of Antioch, the counts of Trip- oli and Sidon, the great masters of the hospital, the temjile, and the Teutonic order, the repub- lics of Venice, Genoa, and Pi.sa, the pope's leg- ate, the kings of France and England, assumed an independent command ; seventeen tribunals exercised the {Kiwer of life and death ; every criminal was protected in the adjacent quarter ; and the perpetual jealousy of the nations often burst forth in acts of violence and blood. — Gib- bon's Home, ch. 59, p. 46. 2416. GOVERNMENT disgraced, Georr/e Vil- Hers. George Villiers, afterward Duke of Buck- ingham, on whom the king, in the space of a few years, lavished all possible honors, , , . was devoid of every talent of a minister ; he was headstrong in his passions, imprudent, impolitic, and capri- cious. He was(listinguished by a romantic spirit, which led him into the most extravagant excess- es ; and the indulgence of his favorite passions had their intluence even upon the public mea-s- ures of the nation. He projected an absurd exi)erojected match with the Infanta .seemed to be the least object of Buckingham's journey, and it aecordiiiirlv was never concluded. — Tytleu's Hist., Hook"C, ch. '-'!), p. ilDS. 2417. GOVERNMENT, Disordered, lidgn of C"iiniiii(liiM. The negligence of the public ad- ministration was Iietrayed, soon afterward, by a new disorder, which arose from the smallest beginnings. A spirit of desertion began to pre- vail among the troops ; and the deserters, instead of .seeking their .safety in flight or concealment, infested the highways. Jlaternus, a private sol- dier, of a daring boldness aliove his station, col- lected these bands of robbers into a little army, set open the prisons, invited the slaves to a.ssert their freedcmi, and plundered with impunity the rich and defenceless cities of Gaul and Spain. The governors of the lU'ovinees, who had long been the spectators, and perhajw the partners, of his depredations, were at length roused from their sujiine indolence by the threatening com- mands of the emperor. — Giuiio.n's Rome, ch. 4, p. 107. 2418. GOVERNMENT, Divine. lim/ol. It was gravely maintained that the Supreme Being re- garded hereditary monarchy, as oppo.sed to other forms of government, with peculiar favor ; that the rule of succession in order of primogeniture was a divine institution, anterior to the Chris- tian, and even to the Mosaic dlspensiition ; that no human power, not even that of the whole Legislature — no length of adverse pos.session, though it extended to ten centuries, could de- prive the legitimate prince of his rights ; that his authority was necessarily always despotic ; that the laws by which, in England and in other countries, the jirerogative was limited, were to be regarded merely as concessions wliich the sovereign had freely made and might at his pleasure resume ; and that any treaty into which a king might enter with his people was merely a decraration of his present intentions, and not a contract of which the performance could be de- manded. [Reign of James I.]— Macaulay'b Eng., ch. 1, p. 66. 2419. GOVERNMENT, The earliest. Monar- chy. We may, therefore, fairly presume that a limited monarchy was the earliest form of reg- ular government among the ancient nations. The scriptures, as well as the profane historians, bear evidence to this fact. A republic is an idea too refined and too comi)lex for a rude people to form ; and despotic monarchies arise only after extensive conquests, and a great enlargement of empire. — Tytleu's Hist., Bookl, eh" 1, p. 20. 2420. GOVERNMENT, Economical. Washing- ton. When Washington came to the Presidency, I ' I GOVEHNMENT. 287 OIK! of till! tti'sl acts WHS to nanu' tli(!yoiinK West Iiidiiiii — tlicii l)iit tliiity-thri'C! yctirn of ajic — to tlie most (lilliciilt post in his adiniiiistratiou — tliat of secretary of tlie treasury. All)ert (Jallatiii, wlio hecaiue serretary of tlio treasury twenty years after, said tliat Alexander llanullon had so reirulated the business of the ofHe(! as to make it a sinecure for his successors ; and I have been informed that as late as 1800 the l)usiness continued to he done upon the plans and meth- ods estalilished by Hamilton at tlie liejjiiuiinjj; of the government. From this position, after four years of .service, he was compelled to retire, lie- cause the saliiry woidd not su])i)ort his fauuly. — Cvci.orKDr.v ok Bioo., p. 474. a4i)l. OOVERKMENT, Farcical. CuitKhintiiie. Home of these otlicial ensiij^ns were really e.\- liihited in their hall of audience ; others jireceded their pompous march whenever they appeared in public ; and every circumstance of their de- meanor, their dress, their ornament- and their train was calculated to inspire a deep reverence for the reiire.senlatives of supremi! ma.jestv. By a philosophic ol)server, the .system of the Uoman govenniient might have been nnstaken for a splendid theatre, tilled with players of every character and dejj^ree, who npeated the languaue and imitated the passions of leir original moilel. —Gibbon's Homk, ch. 17, p. 108. 2422. GOVERNMENT, Fraudulent. Cromirdl'n. After a debate of three (lays the Parliament, of whom a great majority were now most sincerely desirous of an accommodation, jiassed a vote, by which it was declared that the king's conces- sions were a reasonable foundation for the House to proceed upon in the .settlement of the king- dom. The vote was no .sooner heard than (/'romwell marched into London, surrounded the House of Commons, and suffering none to enter but his own party, excluded about two hundred of the members. Thus there remained about sixty of the independent party, sure and unani- mous in their intended measures. The vote agreeing to the king's conces.sions was now re- scinded, and another passed, declaring it treason in a king to levy war against his Parliament, and appointing a high court of justice to take trial of Charles' treason. This vote being .sent up to the House of Lords was rejected without a dis- senting voice. But this mockery of a Parliament was not thus to be stopped in their career. The next vote was that the Commons of England have the supreme authority of the nation, inde- pendent of either king or peers. Cromwell him- self was ashamed of the glaring illegality of the.se proceedings, and apologized for his con- duct by declaring that lie had a divine impulse that the king hail been abandoned by Heaven. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 30, p. 408. 8423. GOVERNMENT, Genius tor. Alfred the Oreat. Alfred divided all England into coun- ties ; the.se he subdivided into hundreds ; and the hundreds again into tithings. Ten neigh- boring householders formed a tithing, a fribourg, or decennery, over which one man was appointed to preside, called a titliingman or borgholder. Every householder was answerable for the con- duct of his family, and the borgholder for the conduct of all within his district. Every man was punished as an outlaw who did not register himself in some tithing ; and none could change their habitation without a warrant from Iho titliingman or borgholder. When any i)ersoii was accused of a crime, the borgliolder was siunmoned to answer for iiini ; if he declined to become his security, tli(! criminal was committed to prison till trial. H" he escajied before trial, the borgholder was subjected to a penalty. The borgholder, in deciding disjiutes or small law- suits, summoned his whole decennary or titning to a.ssist him. In matters of greater importance, in appeals from the decennary, or in controver- sies arising between memliersof ditl'erent decen- naries, the cause was lirotight liefore the hundred, which consisted of ten decennaries, or one hun- dred families of freemen, and which was regu- larlj- assembled every four weeks for the decid- ing of cau.ses. Their method of deciding de- serves particularly to be noticed as being the origin of juries, that inestimalile jirivilege of Britons. — 'I'ytlkk's Hist., Book 0, ch. .'5, yi. 110. 2424. . RirhiUeu. The factious no- bility began to excite new disturbances, which Louis Xill., who was now of age, hail neither the discretion nor the aliilily to compose. These commotions were increased by religious dilfer- ences, for the Protestants, who had enjoyed an unmolested traniiuillity under Henry Iv., and for a while under the minority of Louis, were now exjwsed to fresh per.secutions. They wens obliged to take up arms ; and a political and ti religioits war raged with (Mpial violence at tlw; same time. The king, amid these commotions, was obliged alternately to bribe his own ser- vants ami to negotiate with his rebel nobility. While public affairs were in this situation Mary de Medicis had the address to bring the new favorite Hichelieu into the council, against the inclination of the king and his favorite counsel- lors ; and in a very short time this great jwliti- cian completely gained the contidence of his royal master, and signallv displayed hissjilendid abilities in quieting all disorders and raising the French moniirchy to a very liigh pitch of splen- dor. The Cardinal de Hichelieu entered on his ad- ministration with that vigorous activity which marks a bold and daring spirit. . . . Hichelieu was a man whose genius was truly astonishing. He was negotiating at one time tcith all ami af/ninut most of the sovereigns of Europe. ... A formidable cable at court was .secretly undermin- ing his power. Gaston, Duke of Orleans, the king's brother, detested the Cardinal de Hiche- lieu ; Mary de j\Iedicis was jealous of that very power which she had contributed to raise ; and most of the nobility were his secret enemies. This illustrious man, wlio.se intrepidity was equal to all situations, suppres.sed these cabals in a manner which astonished all Euroi)e. The mo.st surprising circumstance in the whole of these transactions is, that Cardinal de Hichelieu found himself able to make such exertions of the most despotic power while the vation were his ene- mies. He surmounted all opposition ; and while the genius of most men, even of great abilities, would have found it sutHcient occupation to wage war against those cabals and factions which were continually meditating his downfall, this extraordinary man not only completely foiled the schemes of his enemies, but found means to raise the kingdom of France to a most flourish- ing condition at home, while he extended her H if H-y 288 GOVERNMENT. florv fuid influence over all Europe.— Tyti-eu'h IiHT., Hook «, eh. 82, p. 443. 3.ia*. GOVERNMENT, Growth of. j\Wcmv}/. What fiction ran be more ah.sunl and ineredihle than to .suppose aii)i;;n()rant and rude youth, tlie leach'r of afi.r ' of lianditti, or tlie chief of a troop of slicplnnis, ininiediatcly after lie had reared tlie turf walls of his projected city, call- ing together his followers, and delivering a ltd)or- od and methodical oration on the naturi; of thi' difTerent liinds of government, such as he had heard existed in Greece and other nations, de- siring Ids liearers seriously to weigh the advan- tages and defects of those ditferent political con- stitutions, and modestly concluding with a dec- laration tliat he is ready to accede with cheerfid- ness to whatever form they, in tlieir aggregate wisdom, may decree V Oil this ahsiu-d tietion Dlonysius rears the .structure of a finely attem- perecl constitution, all at once framed and adopt- ed by this troop of barbarians. [Uomulus found- ing Rome. 1—Tytleu'wH ibt., Book 3, ch. 2, p.303. 34<26. GOVERNMENT, Imperfections of. Brit- inh. The English long enioyed a large measure of freedom and happine.s.s. Though during the feeble reign of Henry VI. the State was torn first by factions and nt length by civil war ; tliou^h Edward IV. was a prince of di.s.soluto and impi''"'ous character ; though Richard III. has generally been represented as a monster of depravity ; though the exactions of Henry VII. ca\ised great repming, it is certain that our ances- tors, under those kings, were far better governed than the Belgians under Philip, surnanied the Good, or the French under that Louis who was styled the father of his people. — M.\c.\i:lay's Hist., ch. 1, p. 35. 34'2r. GOVERNMENT, Impracticable. Jtim^s If. James was the instrument of his own misfor- tunes, and ran headlong to destruction. In a government where the ]K'oi)le have a determined share of power and a capacity of legally resist- ing every mea.sure which they apprel\end to ))e to their disadvantage, every attempt to change, in opposition to their general desire, the religion or civil constitution of the country, must be im- practicable. The Roman Catholics in England were not at this time one hundredth part of the nation. How absurd, then (a.s Sir William Temple told his sovereign) — how contrary to common-.sense was it to imagine that one part should govern ninety-nine who were of opposite sentiments and opinions ! Yet Jame.s was weak enough to make that absurd and desperate at- tempt. The nobility of the kingdom, by natur- al right the counsellors of the sovereign, were obliged to give place to a set of Romish priests, who directed all liis measures; and James, as if he was determined to neglect nothing which might tend to his own destruction, began his reign by levying, without the authority of Parlia- ment, all the ta.xes which had been raised by his predecessor ; he showed a further contempt of the constitution and of all national feeling by foing ojwnly to mass ; and though in his first 'arliament he .solemnly promised to observe the laws and to maintain the Protestant religion, he, at the same time, hinted in pretty strong terms that if he found them at all refractory or back- ■ward in granting .such supplies as he should re- quire, he could easily dispense with calling any more such assemblies. — T ytlku's Hist., Book 0, ch. 30, p. 424. 343M. GOVERNMENT, Indiscreet. JomcM T. During two hundred years all the sovereigns who had ruled England, with the single exception of the unfortunate Henry VI., had been strong- miiwh'd, high-spirited, courageous, and nf jtrincc- ly bearing. Almost all had ])ossessc(l abilities above the ordinary level. It was no light thing that, on the very eve of the dc( isive struggle be- tween (air kings and their Parliaments, royally should l)e exhiliited to the world .slaiiuiiering, .slobbering, shedding unmanly tears, trembling at a drawn sword, and talking in the >lyle alter- nately of a ImlToon and of a pedagogue — >Ia- c.\ri..\Y's Eno., eh. 1, ji. 08. 2429. GOVERNMENT, Insulted. Cithrn Oe- lU't. The Jacobins of Fiance had belli iided the king and abolished the monarchy. Citizen Ge- net was .sent by the new French reiniblic as minister to the Lnited States. , . . He was greet- ed with unbounded enthusiasm. Taking advan- tage of his popularity, the ambassador lieganto abuse his authority, fitted out iirivatecrs to prey on the commerce of Great Britain, ]ilaiined ex- peditions against Louisiana, and allliough the President had already i.ssued a i)roclamation of neutrality, dcmandecf an alliance with the gov- ernment. AVasliington and his Cabinet firmly refused, and the audacious ministcT threatened to apjmtl to the p'ople. In this outrageous con- duct he was sustained by the Anti-Federal party, and for a while the government was endangered. But Wa.sliington stood unmoved, declared the course of the French minister an insult to the; sovereignty of the Lnited States, and demanded his recall, and Genet was supersetlet!. — Rid- PATii's U. S., ch. 46, p. 368. 2430. GOVERNMENT without Law. A im-ri- m)i Indumn. There can be no society without gov- ernment ; but among tlie Indian tribes . . . there was not only no written law — there was no traditionary ex]iression of law ; government rested ujion opinion and usage, and the motives for u.sage were never emlx)died in language. No ancient legislator believed that huinnn .society could be maintained with so little artiticc. — Banchoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22. 2431. GOVERNMENT of Majority, Wiotle Td- nnd Colony. All the powei^s of the colonial government were intrusted to the people. A simple agreement Avas made and signed by the settlers, that in all matters not affecting the conscience they would yield a cheerful obedi- ence to such rules as the majority might make for the public welfare. In questions of religion the individual conscience should be to every man a guide. When Massiichiisetts objected that such a democracy would leave nothing for the magistrates to do, Rhode Island answered that magistrates were wellnigh useless. — Ridpath's U. S., ch. 22, p. 194. 2432. GOVERNMENT, Menace of. Charles TT. The moderation of this assembly [the Parliament of 1640] has been highly extolled by the most dis- tinguished Royalists, and seems to have caused no small vexation and disappointment to the chiefs of the opposition ; but it was the uniform practice of Charles — a practice equally impolitic and ungenerous — to refuse all compliance with GOVERNMENT. 289 the (k'sircs of liis jH'oplc till those desires were cxpre.ssed in ii lueimcing tone, — Macaui-ay'h En(j., eh. 1, p. 8I». aj'ja. GOVEENMENT, Military. CromircU'H. Ill th(! .siiiiirner ol 1047, iihoiil twelve inoiitliH alter tiic lust fortress of the Cavaliers had suh- initte;i>mpous absurdity of Locke's perform- ance. From March until, July of ItiGO the phi- losopher worked away in the ])reparation of his fraud niiiihi. . . . Political rights were made de- pendent upon hereditary wealth. The officers ■were put beyond the reach of the people. There were two grand oixlers of nobility. '^i''here were dukes, earls, and marquises ; knights, lords, and esquires; baronial courts, heraldic ceremony, and every sort of feudal uon.sense, . . . for a few col- onists who lived on venison and potatoes, and paid their debts iu tobacco. . . . After twenty years . . . they concluded that an oniplro . . . was impossible. — UiurATii's L'. S. , ch. 27, p. 22.'5. a4;i7. GOVERNMENT, Moral. Optimimn. The fashionable i)hilo.sophy then was tliat of 1'o|M''h " Ivssay on iMan ;" ... it was continually (pioted in society. It was very common to hear such expressions as, " \Vhal<'ver is, is right ;" " Partial evil is tlat general good ;" " This is the best of possible worlds ;" "Each creature is as happy as is consistent with the happiness of the whole." Sentiments of this kind we now call "Optimism." In the niid.sl of all this shallow talk calm; tin; tidings of an appalling catas- trophe [the eartlaiuakeat Lisbon], which struck every soul with amazement and terror, as if to show the futility of all human attempts to form a consistent theory respecting the goxcrmnentof the univer.se. — Cyci.oi'ioiua ok IJiod.,]). 31. a 138. GO-TERNMENT, Municipal. Ori;/!,, of. In the next place, the towns or boroughs, which were then lied down by a .sort of va.^isuiage and clientship to the nobles, began now to purcliiiv)- their immunity ; tind instead of being entirely governed by thes(\ nobles, to whom the magis- Irati's Were no more than .servants and slewarils, while they exerei.sed themselve.s the suj)remo civil and criminal authority, and imixised what taxes or exactions they thought lit, the towns now acquired a right of choosing their own mag- istrates, who were resiionsibk! to tla; jiublii- ; they freed themselves from those arbitrary im- positions, and were governed bv their own mu- nicipal statutes, subordinate to the public laws of the king(h)m. Thus the mnnici])id government began, in many of the towns of Europe, to take the place of the feudal. — TvTi-iiu's Hist., Book «, eh. 10, p. 10."). 343». GOVERNMENT needless. North Ciro- linn. The people, without molestation, enjoyed their wild independence. It was the liberty of freemen in the woods. " North Carolina," like ancient Home, was famed "as the sanctuary of runaways ;" .seventy years after its origin Spotswood descrilH's it as "a country when; there is .scarce any form of government ;" and it long continued to ))e said, with but slight ex- aggeration, that " in Carolina every one did what was right in his own eyes, ])aying tribute neither to Gotl nor toCa'.sar." — Ba.ncuokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 19. ai40. GOVERNMENT, Neglect of. Pirnte.<^. During the recess of WIT) Eliot travelled to the West. As he pas.sed along, news reached him of the cruel mischief iiiHicted by Turkish pi- rates, who, from under forts and castles left helii- less and unguarded, sprung on English ships. The western .sea, witli all the villages lining its coasts, was entirely at their mercy ; all trade was interrupted, aiuf the numlwr of Christians cai)tured to Iw sold into slavery during the outrages of three months could not l>e less than twelve hundred. There were wailings for fa- thers and sons, for brothers, for husbands and wives. jMeantime the ships of the nation lay in harbor, men and provisions on board, and government careless of the intlietions on its sub- jects. — Hood's Ckomwei.l, ch. 3, p. 57. a441. GOVEBNMENT, Nominal. Monarch of England. The king reigned, but by the theory of the constitutiou was not to govern. He ap* 290 OOVEHNMKNT. pcnrcd in tlic Privy Covinril ftn oroiislons of slHli; ; ')iit Oiu'on Anne wmh the last of tlic Kn^;- lisli iiioiiiinTiN toiiltciid tlii'dchalcH of tlic^ lloiis(> (if Lordn, or to idcsiiU? at ii iiiccliu;; of tlie min- istry. — Hancuokt'h U. S. , vol. 5, cli. :{. a-M'J. GOVERNMENT, Odloui. Rump Purlm- nil /it. 'Pile Ion;; pailiiinicnl of live years' dura- tion, christened, l)y one of those- eontenipluous desi;;nalions which mark jiopuiar disifust, TV/c Jtmiii), a term sii;rj,'ested l)y its apparently inler- mlnahle sessions uiion tht! henclies of Westmin- ster, had thoroii<,dily wearied out the peoph; of En;j:land. 'I'he lonj,' liaran,i;uesof the Puritans, the hi^foted di.scourses of the saints, the personal unpoitularity of the demaKo,i,'ues, the anti-social absurdities of the F^eveliers, the nuirder of an innocent and heroic monarch, which penetrated the conscience of the nation with remorse, tlu; imposts and slau^hterH of the civil war, finally, the heaviness of that anonymous tyranny which tile people endured more impatiently than tin; autocracy of a irlorious name — all these eom- liined objections fell i)ack in accunudated odiinn and ridicule on the Parliament. — La.m.uitimc'h C'homwkm,, j). 57. 34-13. OOVEKNHENT, Outrages of. Virf/iiiia Culoiii/. An aristocratic party which had arisen in tilt! colony obtained control of the House of Ihirffc.sses. . . . J^pi.scopalianism was a^ain es- tablished as the State relif^ion. A jjroscriptive ordinance was passed ajjainst the Baptists, and tlie i)eace-lovin;f Quakers were lined, persecuted, and imi)ri.soned. JJurilensonu; taxes were laid on personal property and polls ; the holders of lar^e estates weree.\em])t, and the ])()orer people nttlicted. . . . The biennial election of biu'i^esses was abolished, so that tlu; (t.xisling assend)ly con- tinued indefinitely in ])o\\er. . . . The tyranny outdid England ; . . . tin ji came open resistance. — JiiDPATii'M U. y., eh. 12, p. 111). 3444. OOVEBNHENT, Paradoxical. liqmhlic. It may, indeed, be confidently asserted that there never was that government called a republic, which was not ultimately ruled by a single will, and, therefore (however bold may seem the par- adox), virtually and substantially a monarchy. The only diilerence between governments, with respect to the political freedom of tlie subject, consists in the greater or the smaller number of restraints by which the regulating will is con- trolled. — Tytler's Hist., Book 2, cb. C, p. 210. 3445. OOVEBNMENT, Patriotic. Ckomencs. lie began by the judicious measure of attaching the army to bis interest, securing the conrtdence and allegiance of all the jirincipal officers, and dextrously removing from command .such as he judged to be unfriendly to the revolutionary de- sign. Several of the richer citizens, and even some of the Epbori, from whom lie expected op- position, were on various pretences banished or put to death. Trusting to the ready co-operation of the lower orders, he then a.ssembled the peo- ple, and detailing the great benefits to be ex- pected from a complete change of .system, pro- claimed the abolition of all the debts, and begin- ning by divesting himself of the whole of his property, made a new partition of the lands of the republic, and restored the ancient plan of ed- ucation, the institution of the public tables, and, in a word, as nearly as possible, the long-fcrgot- ten regimen of Lycurgus. Cleomenes was hailed the Ht'cond f.ninder and father of his country, and (Jreece resounded with his praise. — TvT- i.KUs llisr., Hook 2, ch. U, \h 2(H). 3440. GOVERNMENT, Fowerleii. Colon;/ of Vii'ijiiiiii. The biiigcsNcs had many privileges, but very little ])owcr. 'fhey might discuss thu alTairsof the colony, but could not control them ; l)ass laws, but cculd luit enforce them ; declaro their rights, but could imt secure them. . . . No law was binding un'il ratillcil iiy the cnmpany in England. Only one great bcnetit was gained — the freedom of debate. Wherever tbtit is recog- nized, lil)erty must soon follow. — HiiU'ATii'.'* U. H., ch. 11. p. lit). 3447. GOVERNMENT, Provisional. Fli;iht of Jiiini'n II. '{"he pccis rcpiiired to (Jnildhall, and were received there with all honor bv llic mag- istracy of tiie city. In strictness ot' law, they were no better entitled than any other set of per- sons to assume the executive administration. Ibit it was necessary to the public safely that there should be a provisional government", and the eyes of men naturally turned to the heredi- tary magnates of the realm. The extremity of the danger drew Sancroft forth from his jjalace. He took the chair; and under his presidency the new Archbishoit of Y(irk, live bishojis, and twenty-two temi)oral lords determined to draw uj), subscribe, and publish a declaration. [They took the res|)()nsibiliivy \Uv i)oor to tiic ricii. Tills jirit'vancf! hccanic at Icnj^tli ho p'licral, from tlu- fictiut'iuy of the niililaiy cainpai^nM, in which every Holdicr was ohlijicd to wrvc at liis own chari^t'M, and from the ravages comndltcd on the lands liy Ihi' hostile armies, which reduced the poorer sort entirely to hej^ijary, that the ])l(!lieians liegan to look updn their order as horn to a slate of iiereditary servitude. Hence tliat desperate measure of ahandonin^ the city and encampini^ in arms upon the Moim Sircr. All that the peo- ple at this time (h'sircd was not i)ower, liut a ri'- lief from o|)|)r(>ssion and cruelty. And had this just claim Ixien readily listened to, and a relief granted to them, if not by an entire aliolition of tlie debts, nt least by rei>ressing the; enormous iLsury, and taking away tlie inhuman riglits of slavery and of cori)oral ]«uiishment, this peo- ple would, in all i)robability, have cheerfully re- turned to order and submission, and tlie Roman constitution might long have remained, wliat wc; liave seen it was at first, aristocratieal. Hut a torrent imprudently resisted will in timtMiccpnro that impetuous force which carries everything before it. Tlie jiatricians, sensible that they had pushed matters to a most alarnnng extreme, and now thoroughly intimidated, wen; oliliged to grant the demand of creating jiojiular magis- trates. — Tyti.kh's Hist., Booii 3, ch. 3, p. 310. 3151. OOVEBNMENT, Bidioalona. mmlUury Monavch)/. Of tlie various forms of government wliich have prevailed in the world, an hereditary monarchy .seems to present the fairest scope for ridicule. Is it possible to relate without an in- dignant .smile tiiat, on the father's decease, the property of a nation, Hive that of a drove of oxen, descends to his infant son, as yet unknown to mankind and to liimself ; and that the bravest warriors and the wisest statesmen, reliiuiuishing tlieir natural right to empire, approach the roy- al cradle with bended knees and iirotestations of inviolable lidelity V — Gibbon's Humk, ch. 7, p. 18. 2452. GO'TERNMENT, Rights of. New York Culony. [New York had licen recontpiered from the Dutch, and Sir fjdmund Andros ap- pointed governor.] Tlie principles of arbitrary government wen; openly avowed. Taxes were levied without authority of law, and the appeals and protests of tlie people were treated with de- rision. The clamor for a popular ns.sembly had been so great that Andros was on the point of yielding. . . . The Duke [of York wrote] . . . popular assemblies were seditious and dangerous ; that they only fostered discontent and disturbed the peace of the government ; and, finally, that lie did not see any use of them. — Riupatii's U. 8., ch. 20, p. 174. 2453. OO-TERNMENT, Ruinous. Roman. The agriculture of the Roman provinces was in- sensibly ruined, and, in the progress of despo- tism, whicl) tends to disappoint its own purpose, the emperors were obligeil to derive some merit from the forgiveness of debts or the remission of tributes, which their subjects were utterly in- capable of paying. According to the new divi- sion of Italy, the fertile and happy province of Campania, the Hc«'no of the early victories and of tlu! delicious retirements of the citi/.eii.s of l{f)mc, ext4-nd*(l between the .sea an, tlie leading me:i of New liaveii held a convention in a huni, uid formally adopted the Milile as the coiisliiu- ;ion of tlie Slate. Everything was conformed to the religious standard. Tlie government wa.'* calh'd the IIou.se of Wisdom, of which . . . [sev- en men] were the .seven jiillars. N(»ne lint church-members were admitted to the rights of citizenship. — Hidi-.vth'h U. S., ch. 21, p. 1^8. 2455. GOVERNMENT, Spirit of. ]Io i, o r— Fear — Virtxe. The author of the "Spirit of Laws" [Dr. Adam Fergu.son], a work whicli must ever be regarded as the ])roduction of a most enlightened niiinl, has built a great deal of jilausible and ingenious reasoning on this gen- eral idea, that the tlirei! distinct forms of govern" ment, the monarcliical, the despotic, and the re- publican, are inllucnced by three separate i»rin- ciples, upon which the whole .system in each form is constructed, and on which it must de- ))end for its .support. "The ininciple of the monarchical form, " .says ^loutesiiuieu, " is //<*/<- or; of the despotical,jr;Y»/'; and of the republi- can, virtue :" a jiosilion which, if true, would at once determine to which of the three forms the lireference ought to be given in speculating on Iheir coni])arative degrees of merit. — Tytleb's Hist., Book 2, ch. (),'p. 218. 2456. GOVERNMENT, Strife in. English Boroihi. For the tirst and last time in her his- tory and their outrage.' the stern rule of the Norman kings had saved her. Castles sprang up everywhere. " They filled tlie land with castles," says the terrible an- nalist of the time. "They greatly opijressed the wretched jieople by making them work at the.se castles, and when they were finished they filled them with devils and armed men." In each of these robber-holds a petty tyrant ruled like a king. The strife for the crown had bro- ken into a medley of feuds between baron and baron, for none could brook an equal or a supe- rior in his fellow. " They fought among them- selves with deadly hatred, they spoiled the fair- est lands with fire and rapine ; in what had been the most fertile of counties they destroyed almost all the provision of bread." For, fight as they might with one another, all were at one in the plunder of the land. Towns were put to ransom. Villages were sacked and burned. All who were deemed to have goods, whether men or I iry England w as in the hands of the baronage, id their outrages shov ed from what horrors 293 OOVEUNMENT-OIlATITrDE. Wdincii, \vc?-('ciirrl('il olT and llunu'inlodiiii^^coim mill tortiiii'd (III lliry yielded iintlieir weidtli. No >f liiiMtlier I'ictiire of II nation's nilMcry lias ever been |)ainled. . . . "They lianp'd ii|) men by llieii' feel and smoked them with foul smoke. Some were lumped ii|) hy their Ihiimlis, others by the head, and iiurnini: IhinLrs were hiinj; on to their feel. Thev pill kiiolled strin^^s iilioiit men's heads, and ■wrillied them till they went lo 'he brain. They put men into |)risons where adders and snakes and loads were erawliiiK, and so Ihey Inrmented them. Some Ihey Jint into a chest, sliorl and narrow, and nol deep, and thai had sharp stones Avithin, iind forced men therein so that Ihey broke all Iheh' liialis,"— llisT. ok K\(i. 1'|';()IM,i;, ^ l:ii». a 1.17. GOVERNMENT, A itrong. CronnrdfK. While he lived his power stood linn, an object of miiiLi'leil aversion, admiriilion, and dread to his subjects. Few, indeed, loved his ;;overn- ment ; but lliose wiio haled il most haled it less than Ihey feared il. Had il been ii worsi; frov- ernmeiit, it iniLrht, perhaps, have been over- thrown in spile of nil its streiiii'lh. Mad it been a weaker liovernmenl, it would c.'rtainly have been overllirown in s|)ile of all ils merils. Hut il had moilcralion enoiii;!! lo absiain from thosi! oppressions which drive men mad ; and il had a force and eneru:y which none but men driven mad by oppression would venture to encounter. — Ma( Ai i.Av's Kn(i., ch. 1, p. i;ii>. ^\!iH. GOVERNMENT, Succession in. Amer- iciiii Iiiiliiiiix. The succession (le|)endcd on birth, and was inheriled Ihrouifh tlu' female line. Even amon.i' the Narraiiansells, lh(( colleauiio of Canoniciis was liis nephew. This rule of descent, wliich s|)runi; from the ireneral licentiousness, and was known throui;hout various families of tribes, was widely observed. — Uanciioft'h L'. 8., vol. W. cli. 23. a.|5ft. GOVERNMENT, Triiles in. Time of the Jicroliitiii/i. Durin;; twenty years the chief em- l)l()yment of busy and iiifxenious men had been to frame consliliitions willi tirst mai^ist rates, without tirsi ina^islrates, witli hereditary senates, with senates appointed by lot, with annual sen- fltes, wilh ])erpelual .senates. In these plans iiothiiiic was omitted. All the detail, all the .lo- inenclature, all the ceremonial of the innifjjinary f,a)vernnienl was fully set forth, Poleiuarchs anil riiylarchs, Trilx'sand Gala.xies, the Lord Arclion and the Lord Strategus ; which ballot-bo.xes were to be jin^en and which red ; which balls were to be of gold and which of silver ; which magistrates were lo wear hats and which black velvet caps wilh peaks ; how the mace was to l)e curried, and when the heralds were to uncover ^-these and a liundred more such trifles were gravely considered and arranged bv men of no common c.'ipacity and learning. — ^^Lvcai^i.ay's ExG., ch. Ii, ]). 878. 2460. GOVERNMENT, Unfitted for. nirfuird I. Richard I., surnamed Cceurde Li(m, had all those (pialitics wliich gain the admiration of a romantic age, but few that could conduce to the happiness of his subjects or command the appro- bation of posterity. The whole of his reign was a tale of romance, intrepid valor, imprudence, and misfortune. AH Europe was at that time infected with the enthusiasm of the holy wars, and Richard, immediately upon Ins accession, prepared to signalize himself in an expedition to Palestine, which IiIh coniciencc, or rather hiM roinanlic turn of mind, represented to him iiHtiiu oidy Held of real glory for a ('hristlan princo. Lllile regardful of the Inti'rests of his people, he raised an immense sum of money, by all tht) various methods of arbitrary eid'orceinent, and forming a league wilh I'hilip Augustus, King of France, who possessed somewliiil of hisowndls- po.^ilion.lliough wilh less generosity, I he I wo sov- ereigns agreed lo join Iheir forces in an cx|H'dl- lion iiLrainst the inlldcls.— Tvti.kii'h Hist., Hook (1, ch. S, p. III. a 101. GOVERNMENT, Venal. Fonvlnnth Vnv- h'diiii III. A.I). IT74. E.\cess had impoverished many even of the heirs of the largest estates, and lords as well as commoners olTcred them- selves at market ; so that "if America," said I IJi'iijaminl Franklin, " would save for three or four years the money she spends in the fash- ions and lincries and fopperies of lliis country, she might buy the whole I'arliainenl, ministry and all. |This was the Parliament lo which the Colli inenlal Coimrcss appealed.] — UancHokt's f. S., vol. 7, ch. H(. 3't«il. GOVERNMENT, Weakness of, Uomit)!. Cicero. . . (old Caliliim that under the powers whicli the Senate had conferred on him he might order his instant e.xecution. H«! detailed Cali- line's j)ast enormities, which he had forgolU'ii w hen lie sought his friendship, and lie ended in bitlding liim leave the city, go and join Manlius and his arniv. iS'ever had Cicero Ixcn greater, and never did oratory end in a more absurd con- clusion, lie tiared not arrest Caliiinr. llec(,n- fessed thai he dared not. There wiis m<>i a doulit that Catiline was medilaling a revobiiion — but a revolution was precisely what half llie world was wisliii.g for. Itighlly read, tho.se sounding paragraphs, tlio.se moral denunciations, those apjieals lo history and jjatriotlc sentiment, wcro the funeral knell of the Roman Commonwealth. — FiK)i;ui;'s C.ksah, ch. IL 2463. GRADUATION, Dishonorable. ITiigh jAfillii: He was becoming a big, wild, insubor- dinate bov. . . . After a .severe tight and wrest- ling-iualcli wilh his schoolmaster, he left .school I smarting under his defeat]. — SxilLKs' liiuj;K RioouAi'iiiKs, )). yi. a4«.|. GRATITUDE expressed. Cfiarlca IF. Richard Penderel, Charles introduced to his Court, .saying, " The simplest rustic who serves his sovereign in the lime of need to the utmost extent of his ability is as deserving of our com- mendation as the victorious leader of thousands. Friend Richard," continued the king, "I am glad to .see thee; thou wert my pre.server and conductor, the bright .star that .showed mo to my Bethlehem, for which kindness I will engrave thy memory on the tablet of a faithful heart," Turning tothe lords, the king .said, "My lords, I pray you respect this good man for my sake. Ma.ster' Richard, be bold and tell these lords what pa.s.sed among us when I had quitted the oak at Boscobel to reach Pit Leason." [When Charles had been defeateci he was aided in mak- ing his escape to France by Penderel.] — Hood's Cko.mwell, ch, 13, p. 174. 3465. . Samnel Johnson. Amid this cold obscurity, there was one brilliant cir- cumstance to cheer Inm — he was well acquaint- OUATrnDK— C}|{KATNF>M. 2'J3 { f/init has been often bestow- ed, and sonu^times deserved ; but Charlemugni >.s the oidy prince in whose favor the title has been indissolubly blended witli thi' name. 'I'bat name, with the addition of miint, is inserted in the Uo- niun calendar; and the suint, liya rare felicity, is crowned with the pridsesof the hisloi'ians and ])hilosophers of an enlightened age. His raif, merit is doubtless enhanced by the barbarism of the nation and the times from which he emerged ; but the iijiiKin lit magnitude of an object is like- wise enlargc' >r. licai'd, Ml till' pMi'ticiilai' di'siii' uf his lalliiT ; liiitwithstMnilln',; which, he wuiild .soiiii'tiiiii's rc- ]i('at It til Ids I nrli' Sli'wart, wliii tiild him it was liaitoiuns to rtlatr it. — lluou'tt C'uoMWKi.l., I'h. :.', p. ;il. il'l75. GREATNESS, End of. S„li,:iian. . . . [He was defeatiul liy Uienard the Lion. | Soon after died llui illustrious Salii- (lin, leavini; hehind him the character not only of one of tlie most heroic, hut of one of the best of jirinces. In his last illness, instead of the im- perial ensiirns which used to adorn tlie pites of Ills palace, he ordered a windin;;-slu'ct toheliuiif^ iij), while a slave proclaimed, with a loud voice, " This is all that Saladin, the conciueror of tlu; Kast, has olitained by his victories !" 1I(! be- queathed by his last will a larj^e sum of money to be distriiiuted equally among the jioor, wlieMi. j'r they were .Mohammedans, ('hristians, or.Jitws, intending, as Voltaire well remarks, to teiuh, by his beijuest, that all men are brethren, and that when we assist them wo ought rot to iniiuiro what they luiicvr, but what \\w\ feel. This great Erince died in the year 110.').— Tytleks lliax., ookO, ch. », p. 103. 3476. OBEATNESS, Fictitious. Alfomo (V Al- buquerque. Three hundred and fifty years ago it was as familiar and famous as the names of Napoleon, Wellington, and Washington now a:e. He was generally spoken of as the fireat "Miquerque ; .sometimes as the " Mars of Portu- . and to tins day the Portuguese regard him ilie greatest man of their greatest age. He was certainly one of the most .successful of con- querors, ancl e.\(!elle(l all the commanders of his time, e.\ce]>t Pizarro and C'orlez, in battering down other peojile's towns, and carrying olT their gold, silver, and diamonds. On one occasion, we are told, his booty amounted to a sum equal, in greenbacks of to-day, to 1100,000,000 ; but no historian has taken the'troublc to inform ns what olTence the people of Malacca liad conunitted, that they should be sid)jected to this heavy tine. At that day all Christians apjwar to have iK'en fully convinced that the heathen had no rights which Christiani were bound to respect. — Cyclopedia ok Bioo., p. 311. 3477. OBEATNESS of Goodness. Como de' Medici. Perhaps there never was a family which lieNcrvedlM'tte-of mankind tliiin thilt of tlie Mi', lived as a |>rivate citi/ ri of Florence, wllhoiit courting rank or titles, though the weallli which he had inquired by rommirce might havo niiHed him toa level with ilie most powerful of tliu European princes. The use he made of his riches Was to relieve the 1 r, to perform tliii most splendid mis of pulilie inunitleeiice, to embellish and In rellne his country, and to promote the cultlvalion of the Hcleiices and tine arts, by inviling to Ploreiice from every quarter men eminent for their learning and laleiits. He died dislingulshed by no diadems nor splendid epithets of honor, but known by that most honorable of human lilies, the Fiilher oJ'/u'm (Jountru. — TvTl.Kii'rt Hikt., Hook 4 mid eiijfles (if ('iiri<|iieHt, ill order tliiit lie inlvflil du//.ii! Iiy the t'uiiie of his ureut tiilliliiry dleliitiirs|il|>. 'fit mir liidiKiniiil liuiniiiilly NuiHileiiii looks like u poor, m'Ifex- Hir^^eriitiii^ elilld, eoiilruHled wllli the liiriiier of Hi. Ives. Muiimluy well iiolntsoiit how ^rt'i'l'V it would hiive heel) to the (iiterestsof CrolllwellM itniitltioii to h.ive pluiiu:ed his coniiiry Into ii V;>'eut i'liiropeiiii war, mid how fertile wi're the (K'easioiis for siieli ii wiir ! And hiid he eoiistl tilted hiniself the iirined IIS he wiis the peaceful protector of I'rotestanllsin In lliirope, like miother Oiistiiviis Adolphiis, how prompt at his <'all for such II cause would have leaped up Hint inl^fhly iiriiiy of which he was the chief, and which had regarded his voice, through so many well foii;;ht fields, as the very voice of the l^ord of lIoNts speaking to men. lie had no such am liitlon ; (nily to serve his country as hest he could, and i'rotestantisin always, in all peaceful Hlncerity. — IIood'hCuomwki.i,, eh. 14, p. \M. illMl. GREATNESS, Proof of. /{of„rt Iliirns. Great iiieii. >freat events, jrn.ui epochs, it has been «aid, ffi'ow as we recede from them ; and the rate at whiih they grow In the estimation of men is in some .sort a measure of their greatness. Tried hy tills standard, ihiriis iiiuhI he great in (hred ; lor during tlio eiglity years that have jiassed since his death men's interest in lli(> man iiimself and their estimate of his genius have lieen steadily increasing. Kach decade .since he (lied has produced at least two liiographies of him. — Sii.Miii'H MiMiNrt, eh. 1, iilMil. GREATNESS recognized. RirhiUiu. Al- though it was by no means intended to liesiow on Uichelieii tlie tlrst place in the administra- tion, he had not been sl.\ inontlis in otllce before Ids Hiiprenmcy was fully understood and recog- lu/.ed by the king, the council, the court, and tlie whole nation. Kvery departmi'iit of the i)id)li(; service soon felt the irresistible energy of Iii.s character, and his ((.xtraordinary capacity for the great task of gcjvernnient. — Stl'UKMTm' Fit.VNrK, ch. 1», t5 T). a4S3. GREATNESS, Threefold. Frnnm T. " Tliree of this inonareli's deeds," says Marsiial Tavannes, "have justly procured for him the title of Great : the victory of Marigniino, tho res- toration of letters, and liis single-liaiuU'd resist- ance to the condiined powers of Europe." — 8tui)ents' Fu.vnck, ch. 14, s; 16. 34§iestM. Without tlioso monuments of his real glory, nosterlty iiiight have agreed In bestowing on liiiii an e|iitliel synonymous to that by w lilcli Ik; is yet known among the bramins of India — Ihe tuiijhtij Mur- u. aiieeting One of her children has given a most account of her last moments, and of .lelTerson's grief at her death. " For four months," mIio says, " he was never out of calling ; when not lit lii'r bedside, he was writing In a Hiiiall room which opened (lose at the head of her ImmI. A inoinenl before the closing scene he was led from the room almost in a state of lii.sensibil''y by IiIh sister, who, with great dltlictilty, got him into his library, where he fainted, and remained so long insensible Ilia* they feared he never would revive. The scene that followed I did not wit- ness ; but the violence of his emotion, when almost by .steiillh I entered his room at night, to this day I dare not trust myself to describe. Ho kept Ills room three weeks, and I was never a moment from his side. He walked almost in- ces.santly, night atid day, only lying down occa- sionally, when nature was conii)letely exhausted, on a ])allet that had been brought in during his long fainting tit. When at last he left hi.s room, he rode out, and from that tinu* he was luces- .santly on horseback, rambling about the moun- tain in the least fre(|Ueiited roads, and just a.s often through the woods." — Cvci.oi'KUIA of Bioo., p. "i'iT). 34H7. GRIEF, Fatal. Aiiii.ro\rffi. Artaxerxe.'i .soon after died of a broken heart. Darius, his eldest son, together with fifty of his natural brothers, had conspired against their father, but their designs were defeated, and they were all put to death. Oclius, the third of his lawful .sons, succeeded him This monster had made his way to tlu^ throne by murdering his elder brother, and to secure his jwi.s.session he mur- dered all that remained of liis kindreil. — Tvt- i.i: It's Hist., IJook 2, eh. 3, p. 108. a4S8. GRIEF, Public. Jcriimlcm taken. In lly? Jerusalem was surrendered to Saladin. Then went forth deep laineulation tliroughout Europe. A jwpe died of grief. A king wore .sackcloth. Other sovereigns trcndiled for the .safety of their own po,ssessions. — IvNiuur'a Exa., vol. 1, ch. 21, p. 304. 9489. GROVES, Worship In. Ancienta. Tho only temples iu Germany were dark aud uncicut 296 OUUMBLINO— GUILT. provi's, conscrnitod by tlic rcvon'tiro of siiroccd- i HIT grncnit ions. Thrir secret ,t;looni, the iinii,4- iiied resldeiict' of (in iiivisilile jiower, liy preHeiil- iiif^ no distinct. oi)ject of feiir or worsliip, iiii- j>r('ssed tiic mind with ii still dceiuT sen.-e of reiij^ioiis iiorror ; mihI tlu^ ))riests, rude and iljit- eriile as they were, had l)een lauitiit by experit-nco the vise of every artifice that could preserve and fortify impressions so well suited to llejir own interest. — (Jihhon's itoMH, ch. U, p. 2T0. tl'lfN>. GRUMBLING over Failures. X,Ii*on. [Uv. missci; ilie Fn-neli llee' carryin!,' Honaparte to Egypt; when ho relurntnl vo Sicily to refurnish, there was gi-eat complaint, in England.] Jour- nalists talked of naval nusni,inag"ment and of worn-out cai)tains who we.-e hanging about the Admiralty asking for employ ; marvolled at the rashne's ol Lord St. Vincent [aihniral) in sending so young a coimiandor n\t(m so great im enterprise. — 1'Cnigiit'b Eno., vol. 7, ch. !J<>, p. ar).^. 11491. GUARD, Ingigrnlflcant. Corfrz. Vela.s- quez, the governor of Cuba, jealous of that suc- cess which lie was informed had attcuidcd tlu; Spanish arms in Mexico, sent iin army of 800 men to suiiersede Cortez, and to assume the gov- ernment of the country. This intix-pid man, leaving his concjuest-s to be sccuitxl by foiirscore of his .soldiers, attacked wHh the rest of his troops the army of Ye''vsquez, defeated them, and forced them to submit to his command lus their genenU. At his return to ]\Iexico lie found his Spanianls besiege*! in their quarters. The Mexicans had attempted to set at liberty their captive monarch, and on the sijht of the Spanish army pouring down upon them in immense juimbfjrs they attacked them with the most des- perate fury. A horrible carnage ensued, which Mor'"zuma himself endeavoreirulations for buying .•iiid selling, enforced by the universal machinery of guilds. This organization was as complete as that of the milita } .system of feudality ; and as the lord controlled his tenant and received his feaity, the tenant commanded his socman, end the socman his serf, so the chief of a guild niled over his company, and his company over their apprentices, and their aitprentiees over their servants. — Knight's Exo., vol. 1, ch. 2'2, p. '622. 3495. GUILT, Division of. As.w.<>»U(S. [By the enemies of Mahomet.] His deuth was re- .solved, and they agreed that a sword from each tribe should be "buried in his heart, to divide the guilt of his blood and battle the vengeance of the Hashemites. An angt;! or a spy revealed their conspiracy ; and flight was the onlj' re- .source of Mahomet. At the dead of night, ac- companied by his friend Abubeker, he silently escajied from his house ; the assassins watched at the door, but they were deceived by the tig- ure of AH. who reposed on the bed, and was coveretl with the green vestment of the apostle. — GiuuoNS Home, ch. 50, p. 124. 2496. GUILT, Evidence of. S/idden Death. [In 1053 Edward (III.) the Confessor was ban- queting at Windsor.] At the king's banquet sat Godwin [a poweiful Saxon noble], in the house where his daughter was agsiin the queen. Edward in a dispute hinted that the earl was ac- cessory to the death of his brother Alfred. He stood up to aver his innocence, and fell speech- less to the earth. Other writers say that he in- vokai Heaven to choke him by the bread which he was alwut to swallow if that guilt was his ; and tiiat he was choked.— Knight's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 13, p. 171. HABIT— IIAIIt. ;i97 SI49r. HABIT, Power of. Cmlizntwn. [Tlu; onrly Orooks were (•iiiiiiil)alH. ] Necessity only, in the m<).st siiviif^t' nations, codld at first get tlie U't- ter of the stronu'esl in.stinet ; hut that ono(! over- come, a iialiit is soon a((|uire(l, and will not Ik' laid aside as long a.s sulisislence remains in any (lejrree precarious. — Tytlkk's iIi«T., Book 1, chV 7, p. (iO. 9'I9>«. HABITS, Personal. John MilUm. His hahit in early life had been to study into into the night. After he lost his sight he changed his hours, and retired by heaven in that crown of wisdom on the brow of a boy. They conceived it the augury of a con- summate intellect , with a heroic heart. He prid- ed himself on this disgrace of nature as a priv- ilege of heaven. These white hairs on the cheeks of twenty set off the lustre of his complexion, and impressed a strange, but rather agnteable than ungraceful, character upon his beauty. — LaMARTINE's TUKKKY, p. 305. 3500. HAIB, Hanly. Cutting. As it was then the custom for such as had arrive are informed that Alexander of Macedon, having made the same observi'tion, ordered his Mucedo- nian troops to cut olf their beards, these luing a ready handle in battle. — I'i.i;takch'h Livi;.s. 330I. HAIB, Pride in. Ronian Emju-ror Ju- lian. His body was (M)ve; od with hair ; the use of the razor was confiiiecc:mi(ii fiiitlifiil minister.] — Stk- VKNs' Methodism, vol. ;}, p. 240. SiSII. HAPPINESS compared, SamuelJolin- gou. I iiiciitioiicii Ilimie'.s notion, tlmt all wlio are liapiiy are eijiially lia|)i)y : u little niLss with a new gown at a ilancing-.scliool ball, a jieneral at the head of ii vict(jri()us army, and an orator, after havinjLC made an elocjuent .speech in u great B8.sembly Joiinhon . " Sir, that all who are hap- py arc efpially llappJ^ Is not true. A pea.sant and a philosditlier may be equally satinfied, but not equally Imppy. Happiness consists in the mul- tipiieity of agreeable consciousness. A peasant has not cajiacnty for having equal happiness with a philosopher." — Boswell's Johksok, p. 141. SSL'S. HAPPINESS, Constructive. Samiiel JohiiKon. Pound St. Paul's church into atoms, and cousrider any single atom ; it is, to be sure, good for nothing ; but put all the.se atoms to- gether, and you have St. Paul's Church. So it is with human felicity, which is made up of many ingredients, each of which may be shown to be very insigniticaut. — Boswkll's Johnson, p. 121. 3516. HAPPINESS, Domestic. linrpi of James II. [The Duke of Monmouth was banished at the time of the coronation of .lames II., his rival for the throne of England.] The prospect which lay before Monmouth was not a bright one. There was no probability that he would be re- called from banishment. On the Continent his life could no longer be j)assed amid the splendor and festivity of a court. ... He retired to Brussels, accompanied by Henrietta Wentwortli, Baroness Wentworth, of Nettlcstede, a damsel of high rank and ample fortune, who loved him piissionately, who had sacrificed for his sake her maiden honor and the hope of a splendid alli- ance, who had followed him into exile, and whom he believed to be his wife in the sight of Heaven. Under the soothing influence of female friendship his lacerated mind healed fast. He seemed to have found happiness in obscurity and repose, and to have forgotten that he had been the ornament of a splendid court and the head of a great party, that he had commanded armies, and that he had aspired to a throne. — Macau- lay's Eng., ch. 5, p. 496. 9517. HAPPINESS, Receipt for. Plnto'K. The maxim of Plato is, that tbe man who would be truly happy should not study to enlarge his es- tate, but to contract his desires. For he who does not restrain his avarice must forever be poor. — Plutarch's Sertorius. 351§. HAPPINESS in Simplicity. Quakers. When Peter, the great Russian reformer, attend- ed in England a meeting of Quakers, tlie .semi- Ixu-barous philanthropist could not but exclaim, " How happy must be a community in.stituted on their ]irin("iples !" " Beautiful !" said the phil- osophic Frederick of Prussia, when a hundred yciM's later he read the account of the govern- ment of Pennsylvania ; " it is perfect, it it can endure. " — B.vncroft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 16. 2519. HARANGUE, Incessant. Bon a parte. [When Lord Whitworlh was .sent as British am- bassador to Bonaparte, in 1803, he asked an ex- planation of French aggressions, made in viola- tion of treaty agreement.] Bonaparte harangued him for two hours, Lord Whitworth in vain try- ing to ])ut in a word. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 7, cli. 24, p. 420. 25il0. HARDSHIPS, Military, liomn)) Lirihn- ariiH. Besides liicir arms, which tin; legionaries scarcely considered as an encuinbran''e, they were laden with their kitchen furniture, the instruments of fortitication, and tla^ j)rovisioii of many days. Under this weight, whieii would oppress the de.ica'y of a moclern sol- dier, they were trained iiy a regular step to advance in ai)out six hours near twenty miles. On the ai>pearance of an enemy they threw aside their baggage, and by easy and rapid evo- lutions converted the column of march into an order of battle. — Giuhon's Ko.me, ch. 1, p. 19. 2531. HARDSHIPS, Success by. C/iaiinrei/ Je- rome. [The inventor of machine-made Yankee clocks.] After working awhile at the dials, he started with two others on a tour to New Jer.sey — they to sell the works of clocks, and he to make the cases for them. They travelled in a lumber-wagon, and carrie*^. their own provi- sions. By this time the clockmakers of Connec- ticut had so systematized their business that they could sell a pretty good clock that stood seven feet high for $40. [Formerly costing about $150.] Chauncey Jerome worked about fifteen hours a day that winter at case-making. ... He well remembers passing through New York, and seeing the crowds of people walking up and down Chatham Street stopping a man to ask him what was the matter. At New Haven — where he afterward lived in a splendid mansion — he walked about the streets eating bread and cheese, and carrying his clothes in a bundle. — Cyclopedia OF BiOG., p. 312. 2533. HARMONY, Pear of. Ancients. A.s the writers upon physics say that if war and dis- cord were banished the universe, the heavenly bodies would stop their course, and all genera- tion and motion would cease, by reason of that perfect hannony, so the great Lawgiver infused a spirit of ambition and contention into the Spar- tan constitution, as an incentive to virtue, and wished always to see some difference and dispute among the good and virtuous. — Plutarch's Agesilaus. 3533. HARVEST, A lost. Golden. Antigonus conceived some suspicion of Mithridates from a dream. He thouifht he entered a large and beautiful tield, and .sowed it with filings: of gold. This produced a crop of the same precious met- al ; but coming a little after to vi.sit it, he found it was cut, and nothing left but the stalks. As he was in great distress about his loss, he heard some people say that Mithridates had reaped the golden harvest, and was gone with it toward the Euxine Sea. — Plutarch's >Iarcus Crassus. 2524. HASTE, Defective, Art. It is said that when Agiitharcus the painter valued himself upon the celerity and ease with which he dis- patched his pieces, Zeuxis replied, " If I boast, it shall be of the slowness with which I fini.sli mine." For ease and speed in the execution seldom give a work any lasting importance or exquisite beauty ; while, on the other hand, the time which is expended in labor is recovered and rejiaid in the duration of the performance. —Plutarch's Pericles. 800 HASTE-IIEARING. a.iaa. haste, Needlei«. Admiral Ih-akc. A niiitcli lit bowl.s was lii'liis; played, in wliicli Draki' and oilier liii^li olficers of the Heel \ve;e cnpijft'd, when ii small armed vessel wan seen ninnlnu: before the wind into Plymonth harlior with ail sails set. Her commander landed in \\\w\e, and ea,i;;erly souj^ht the place where the Enfjlish lord admiral and his captains were standing,'. His name was Fleminu; ; he was the master of ii Scotch privateer ; and he told the English otHcers that he hail that .nornint; seen the Spanish Armada olT the Cornish coast. At this e.vciting information the captains began to hurry down to the water, and there was a shout- ing for the .ships' boats ; but Drake coolly checked his comrades, and insisted that the match should be played out. He saitl that there was plenty of time both to win the game and iHjat the Spaniards.— Dkcisive Battles, ^ 398. 3536. HATRED, Savage. tYench rn. Italians Mary de Medicis disgusted the French, in the first place, by her partiality to her coiuitrymen, the Italians. Concini, a Florentine, a high fa- vorite of the queen regent, was advanced to the jlignity of a marshal of France — a sulHcicnt rea- 8|)le in iiabits of cleanliness and comfort, and to j't'olong the du- ration of life in village and in city, in the plea.s- ant fields and in the dose fiiclories, — IvNKiliT's EN(i., vol. 8, ch. 10, p. 393. 2VJ0. HEALTH, Heroism without. William in. WilliiiM 111 ... . Inula thin and weak body. . . . He we tirst place, the child contracted amid this rural and pastoral life a sounder health and more mascu- line habits ; and secondly, the affection that grew up l)etween the child and the nomadic family wherein he had been suckled and had commenced his life gave to the powerful fanuly to whom he owed his blooil an indissoluble clientage among the tribes of the country. — Lamaktune's Tun- KEY, p. 55. 3531. HEALTH by Travel. Wa.'j;c.— Gihiion's .Maiiomkt, p. 30. aS'll. HEAVEN, Division of. Siralcnhoru. The infinite variety of heaven thus arranges itself, in general, into I wo kingdoms ; si)ecil1cally into three }iea veils ; and in particular, into innuinerableso- <'ieties. The t\vo kingdoms are respective!}' called celestial and spiritual. The angels forniing the celestial kingdom are characterized bv their ex- ceeding love of the Lord and of g()0(fiiess ; and the angels who form tin; spiritual kingdom are distinguished by their exceeding love of their neighbor and of truth. The celestial angels are immensely wiser than the spiritual, and their blessedness is ineffable. Specifically there are three heavens, perfectly-distinct, called the first lieaven, the .second or middle lieaven, and the third or highest heaven ; or they may be called external, internal, and inmost; ornatural, s])irit- ual, ami celestial. . . . The external, tirst, or natural heaven, is formed of those who, from a principle of obedience and duty, live in a(;- cordance with the Divine will. The second, spiritual, or middle heaven, is formed of such as love truth, delight in things intellectual, and at the same time are in disinterested love to the neighbor. The inmost, third, or celestial heav- en is formed of those who, full of love to the Lord, are in innocence. — Wiutk's Swedkn- BOKG, eh. 13, p. 104. 3543. HEAVEN, Materialistic. Bomcell. I re- member, many years ago, when my imagina- tion was warm, and 1 happened to be in melan- choly mood, it distressed me to think of going into a state of being in which Shakespeare's poetry did not exist. A lady whom I then much admired, a very amiable woman, humored my fancy, and relieved me by saying, "The first thing you will meet in the other world will be an elegant copy of Shakespeare's works present- ed to you." Dr. Johnson smiled benignantly at this, and did not appear to disajiprove of the notion. — IJosweli.'s Johnson, p. 387. 2543. HEAVEN, Views of. AdopUiUon. "Grace and Peace in Chrid. My deah little Son : I rejoice to hear that thou art learning diligently and praying faithfully. Continue to do this, my son, and when I retnm home I will bring you some beautiful toys, representing an annual lair. I know of a delightful garden in which many children are found, dressed in golden clothing ; they gather beautiful apples, pears, cherries, and plums ; they also sing and leap, and are happy ; they have beautiful little horses, ^th golden bridles and silver saddles. There- upon I asked the man, whose garden it is, to whom these children belonged. He answered, ' These are the children that love to oray aiul learn, and that are i)ious.' Then said \. 'My dear sir, I too have a son, named Johnnie Lu- ther; could not he also come into this garden and eal such beautiful apples and pears, and ride such little horses and jilaywilli these cliildren ?' And the man said, 'if he loves U) pray and to study, and is pious, In shall likewiNC go to heftvcn, and with him Lippus and Jost (sons of .Melanchlhon and ,loiias|. And when tlicy all return they shall have tilVsand tlutesaiid dniins, and all sorts of siriiiircd iiislrunieiits ; liicy shall also dance, and shoot with small (tuns hows.' And he showed mea beautiful plot in the garden .set apart for dancing ; there I saw hanging real gold(;n fifes and dniins, and tine sihcr cross- bows. IJiil it was (|iiile early, so that the chil- dren had not yet eaten their meal. Hence I could not wait to see them dance, and I saiil to the man, ' 1 will hurriedly go and write my little son Jolinnii! all about tliese things, so that ho may pray diligently, study well, and be pious, and also come into this garden. IJut he has an aunt, Lena, whom he iiiiist take along with him.' Then the man rejilied, ' Let it be so ; go and write him all about it.' Therefore, my dear little .scm Johnnit!, kce|) on studying and jiraying, and tell Lippus and Jost that Uiey also study and jirajA, and then you will all together come into this garden, llerewilh I cominendtheeto Almighty God. Greet Aunt Lena with a kiss from me. Thy dear father, ^Martiuus Luther." — Rein's LuTiiEU, ch. 10, p. 149. 25'll. HEAVEN visited. }raIiomet. His dream of a nocturnal journey is seriou y described as a real and corporeal transaction. A mysterious animal, the Borak, conveyed him from the tem- ple of Mecca to that of Jerusalem ; with his com- panion Gabriel he successfully ascended the seven heavens, and received and repaid the salu- tations of the patriarchs, the prophets, and the angels, in their respective mansions. Be.yond the seventh heaven ^lahomet alone was i>ermit- ted to proceed ; he passed the veil of unity, ap- proached within two liowsliots of the throne, and felt a cold that pierced him to the heart when his .shoulder was touched ]>y the hand of God. After this familiar though important con- versation he again descended to Jerusalem, re- mounted the Borak, returned to Mecca, and per- formed in the tenth part of a night the journey of many thousand years. — Giuhon's Mauomet, p. 26. 2545. HEAVEN, The Warriors'. Sravdinarians. The way in which the departed heroes pass their time in Valhalla, or in the palace of Odin, is de- scribed in several places of the Edda. They have every day the plea.sure of arming themselves, marshalling thenuselves in military order, engag- ing 'a battle, and being all cut to pieces ; but wlien the stated hour of repast arrives their bodies are reunited, and they return on horse- back safe to the hall of banquet, where they feed heartily on the flesh of a boar, and drink beer out of the skulls of their enemies, till they are in a state of intoxication. Odin sits by himself at a particular table. The heroes are served by the beautiful virgins, named Valkirie, who officiate as their cup-bearers ; but the pleastires of love HEKnL?:sSNES8— HKHKSY 303 ?iouH belief anioin; the Heandinavians, arising? from a native ferocity of eharaeter, had a stronji efTeet on their national manners and on the conduct of individuals. Placing their sole deligiit in war and in th(! slnugliter of their enennes, they iiad an absolrte contenipt of danger and of bodily pftin.— Tvti.kk'h Hist., Hook ">, ch. 0. 35'IG. HEEDLESSNESS, Lobs by. doUhmith. I went to Cork and converted mv horse, which you prize so nuicli higher than Fiddleback, into <'ash, took my pas.sago in a ship bound for America, and at the .Hiune time \mm\ the caiitain for my Ireight and all the other expenses of my voyage, liut it .so happened that the wind did not answer for three weeks ; and you know, mother, that I could not command the elements. j^Iy misfortune was that, when the wind .served, 1 happened to be with a party in the coiuitry, and my friend the captain never inipiired after lue, b\it .set sail with as much indilTerence as if I had been on board. — Iuvind's Goldsmith, ch. a, p. 33. 3547, HELL necessary. Prendent Aiuhrw Jack- son. [Here is| his famous reply to a young man who objected to the doctrine of future pun- ishment. "I thank God," said the youth, "I ]iave too much good .sen.se to believe there in such a place as hell." " Well, sir," .said General .lack- son, " /thank God therein such a place." " Why, general," asked the young man, " what do you want with .such a place of torment as hell ?" To which the general replied as quick as lightning, "To ynit such ra.scals as you in, that oppo.se and vilify the Christian religion." The young man said no more, and soon after found it con- venient to take his leave. — Cycloi'euia of Bioo., p. 538. 354§. HELL, Temporary. Mohammedtn. Ac- cording as the shares of guilt or virtue shall pre- ponderate, the sentence will be pronounced, and all, without distinction, will pass over the sharp and perilous bridge of the abyss ; but the inno- cent treading in the footsteps of Mahomet will gloriously enter the gates of paradise, while the guilty win fall into the tirst and mildest of the .seven hells. The term of expiation will vary from nine hundred to seven thousand years ; but the prophet has judiciously promised thatftiHiis disciples, whatever may be their sins, shall be saved by their own faith and his intercession from eternal damnation. — Gibbon's Maiio.met, p. 30. 2549. HELP, Fictitious. Julian the Apostate confiscated the whole property of the church ; the money was distributed among the soldiers ; the lands were added to the domain ; and this act of oppression w as aggravated by the most un- generous irony. '" I siiow myself," sjiys Julian, " the true friend of t'le Galileans. Their admi- rable law has promised the kingdom of heaven to the poor ; and they will advance with more dil- igence in the paths of virtue and salvation when they are relieved by my assistance from the load of temporal possessions." — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 23, p. 454. 3550. HELPERS, Dependence on. "Atixili- aries." The safety and lionor of the empire was principally intrusted to the legions, but the pol- icy of Rome condescended to adopt every use- ful instnuncnt of war. Considerable levies were regularly made among the in-ovincials. who had not yet deserved tin; honorable distinction of Romans. Many dejM'ndcnt princes and com- muinlies, dispersed round the frontiers, were permitted for a while to lidld their freedom and security by the ti'iuuc of inilitMry service. Even .select troojjs of hostile bjirbarlans were frc' •lently compelled or iiersuiidcd to coiisuine their daiiiicrous valor in rcniule climates, and for the bciielit of tin; Stale. Alllhese were includ- ed under the general name of auxiliaries ; and howsoever they might vary accordiiur to the dillerence of limes and circuni-taiices, their nuni- iters were seldom nuich iideiinr to tlinsc of the leirions themselves. — Giiibo.n's 1{u.mi;, ch. 1, p. 17. 3551. HERITAGE of Disposition. Frnhvirk U. Frederick, it is true, by no means reliiKpiished his hereditary jirivilcge of kicking luid cudgel- ling. His j)ractice, however, as to that matter diilered in som(! important respects from his father's. To Frederick William the mere cir- cumstance that any jiersons whatever, men, women, or children, Prussians or foreigners, were within reach of his toes and of his cane, appeared to be a sufficient reason for ])roceeding to l)elal)or them. Frederick retpiired jirovoca- tion as well as vicinity ; nor was he ever known to inflict this ])aternal species of correction on any but his born subjects. — Macaci.ay's Fked- EKICK THE GUEAT, p. 25. 3553. HEREDITY, Failure of. Earthquake of Li»hon. It was this catastrophe which was the means of calling into exercise the latent be- nevolence of John Howard, who is now styled in all lands and tongues " the ]ihilantlir()pist." The father of this benevolent being was noted for his penuriousne.ss. — CvcLorEUiA ok Biog., p. 31. 3553. HERESY fined. Thviatixts. [During the persecution of the Donalists by the Catho- lics, a] regular scale of tines, from ten to two hundred jiounds of .silver, was curiously ascer- tained, according to the distinctions of rank and fortune, to pmiish the crime of assisting at ii schismatic conventicle ; and if the fine had been levied live times, without subduing the obsti- nacy of the olfender, his future ))unishment was referred to the discretion of the Imperial court. By these .severities, which obtained the warmest approbation of St. Augustin, great numbers of Donatistswere reconciled to the Catholic Church ; but the fanatics, who still persevered in their op- position, were provoked to madness and despair, the distracted country was filled with tumult and bloodshed ; the armed troops of Circumcel lions alternately pointed their rage against them- selves, or against their iidversaries ; and the cal- endar of mart3'rs received on both sides a con- siderable augmentation. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 33, p. 373. 3554. HERESY hunting. Roger Williams. The l)ani.shnient of Roger Williams, instead of bringing peace, brought strife and dissension to the people of Massachusetts. The ministers were stern and exacting. Every shade of popu- lar belief was closely scrutinized ; the slightest departure from orthodox doctrines wa.s met with the charge of heresy, and to be a heretic 804 IIKUKSY— IIKIU). "Wan to iH'conic Mil oiilcast. Hllll. Ilu' iidvonitcs of fr('r(i|iiiii()ii inultipli)'(l. 'I'lu' flcri^'y, iiolwiili- htaniliiiir llicir ^Tcat iiilliiciicc aiMoii); ilic |M'i>|>Ii-. fell, iiiMcurf. licliirioiis (Ifhnlcs iH'caiiic tlic or «lt.'r of tluMlay. Kvi'ry scrinoii had to 1)mh.s llic or- deal of review and (Tilicisui.— Uioi'.vtu'h L'. S., ch. i:», p. \-ix. tl.tA.I. HERESY, Madneii at. Pfiilip It. Philip rclunied in lrimii|)ii to Spain, where IdH active ndnd, now at ease from forei^jn disliirl)- Hiices, hciian to he dis(|ideted on the scon! of re- liirion, and he laid (hiwn alixed resolution toex tirpale every species of lieresy from his domin- ions. Tlie In(|Misitioii was invested with all the pleldtlldi' of till! powers of ])ersecnlioli. Ft is -wonderful how much llie s|)irit of this tyrant i;oin( idcd wilh that of his consort, Mary of Kni;- land ; (inly Mary iiurni the Protestants at once, ftnd I'liilip prepared them for that ceremony liy racks luid torliires. 'I'lie Kinu: of Spain, hearini,^ that there were some heretics ina valley of Pied- mont, linrdcrinif on tlu; .Milanese, sent orders to the (jovei-nor of Milan to despatch a few troops that way, and eonchided his order in two re- inarkahle words — " ahorcdd fodon" — hanij them all. lieini: informed that the same opiidons were entertained hy some of llu! inhahilants of ("alaia'ia, he (U'dered one half to he /in.iif/cd and the other /iiiriK'/; the consequences of these cruelties were winit he did not foresee — the loss of a third pari of his donnnions. — Tvn.Kii'.s ilisr.. Hook (1, eh. 2(», p. ;i(12. aSStt. HERESY, Suppression of. /?// Lain. rVill- iain III. olilaiued the passa,i,''e of an act oi Par- liament] hy which it was provided that if any person who had i)een educated in the Christian reli.irio", or had made profession of the same, should by writing, preachiiijj, or teachin;; deny the Holy Trinity, or deny the Christian religion to be true, or the Holy Scriptures to he of divine aiithoiitv, he should for the first olTenct; he dis- qualitied for any office ; for the .second, be ren- dered incapable of bringing any action, of pur- chasing lands, or of being guardian, e.xecutor, or legatee. He was, moreover, to be subject to tliree years' imprisonment. With the exception of the part relating to the denial of the Holy Trinity, " the law still remains unrepealed or unmoditied. " — Iv-NIOut'sEno., vol. i5, ch. 13. 4557. HERETICS terrified. CnicU,i/. [In 1166 altout thirty (jrermau men and women liad settled at O.xford, who.se] lives were i)erfectly blameless ; and their ojjinions, whatever they might he, wert- not very attractive, for they had obtained only out; proselj'te, a woman of Inunhle station. ['I'hey were bi )Ught bef,>re theS3'nod.] They answen.-d ])erversely and erroneous!}' con- cerning tiie sacraments. . . . This was the first ebulliticai of heresy in England since the differ- ences of the days of Augustin. An example was to be made ; and tlie wretched exiles were brand- ed, whipped, and turned out naked and ble(;d- ing into the fields, in the depths of winter. None dared to succor them, none to pity, and the}' all miserably perished. — Kmoiit's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 20. 3«(oS. HERETICS, Vengeance against. Corjm. [In 1.*m6 the commissioners of Cardinal Pole] not only burnt all the English Bibles and other heretical books, but went through the farce of making a process against the body of Peter Martyr's wife, wiio had lieen buried in one of tho churches. They coidd find no wltnesse" who had heani her utter any heresies, for she couhi speak no EnglisI'. Sounder the direction of tho cardinal they transferred her body to a (hmg- hill upon the plea that she had been a nun, and had died exeomnuinicaled. A scene eipadly dis- gusting was i)er|)etraled l)v I'ole's commission- ers at Candiridge. They laid the churchen of St. Mary's and St. Michael's uialer interdict, lie- cause the bodies of Ihi'great reformers, Hucerand Fagiu.^', were buried in them. 'I'he dead were then cited to apjiear ; but not ainwering to the summons, they were judged to be obstinates her- etics, and Iheir bodies were to lie taken out of their graves and delivered to the secular jiower. (hi the (till of Feiiruary these bodies were pulilic- ly burnt, according to the ancient ceremonies, which i{ome had found so etTectual in the case of WyelifTe.— K.Mdin's E.No., vol. U, ch. 7, p. KM). tl55». HERMIT, Mysterious. yU Xt'iif/iini Fn'h. His assiuued name was Abbot. He occupied ii hut on Ooat island. His ajiiiearance and accom- |ilishnicnls indicated that hi' iiad onc(> been fa- vored by fortune, but he would never give any clew to his past hislorv. He was wont to write in Englisii, Spanish, Italian, and Latin, and to destroy the compositions as soon as made. Tho island becam(s too nuieh friMpienled for him, and he removed tc the niaiidand. It was ids habit to bathe Ihri e times a day in the river ; one morning in the year IH!)') tlm ferryman saw Abbot's clotlies lying on the bank, but no trace of their owner. He never afterward made his apjiearanee, and no doubt was drowned. — Af- im-kton's Cvci.oi'Ei)i.\, "AnnoT." 3360. HERO, Patriotic. William Wallace. In this state of uiuversal despondency aro.se William Wallace, a man who deserves to be numbered among the heroes of antiijuity With no advantages of birth or fortune, conscious of his personal merits alone, with an invincible s])irit, a courage <'([ual to tlie greatest att<'inpts, and every reiiuisite (piality of a eonsuniniate general, he undertook to retrieve the lioiior and the lilK'rties of his country. A few patriots joined liim in that glorious attempt, and ids con- fessed suiieriority of merit liestowed on liim the rank of their chief and leader. Taking advan- tage of an expedition of llie Engli.sli mon.ircli into Flanders, while the government of Scotland had been intrusted to an imperious viceroy, Wallace, with ids associates, began liostilities by an assault upon some of the strongest cas- tles whicli contained English garrisons. Of these they made themselves masters by force or by surpi-ise. — Tyti.i-;u'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 13, p. 191. 3561. HERO, Unsurpassed. Miilep Moliie. [De facto king of Fez and Jlorocco.] This Mu- ley Moluc was a prince who, in some circum- stances of character, was equal to tlie greatest heroes of ancient Greec«! or Home. There does not exi.st in Idstory a nobler instance of intrepid- ity or greatness of .soul than what tliis man ex- hibited in his dying moments, in that remark- able engagement. Moluc was in full possessios of the empire of Morocco at the time when Ids dominions were invaded by Don Sebastian ; hut he was fast consuming witli a distemper which IIEUOKS-IIKUOISM. 005 lie know to Im^ lnciimJ)l<>. Htt prcparod, liow- cver, for tlin rcccpticm of mo formldulilc iiii «'iic- iiiy. II(! WHS indeed ri-diicrd to micli wcukncss of t(ody, tliat on ilw day when tin- last di'dnivc btiUlo was to 1)0 foiit^ht l'<^ did not expect to live so lonj; hh to know tiie fate of tlie entrajje- nienl. lie; planned liininelf tlie order of liattle, and heiiiff carried on a litter tiirouirli tiie ranks, endeavored, l)y his voiet! an,'esiure, to ani- mate Ins troops to tlie \itniosl exeilions of oour- aj;e. Conselons that tii(! fate of his family and of his kingdom depended upon the isHiie of tliat day, he ^nivo orders to Ids principal ollleers, that if he died during tla; emxai^emcint, they should conceal his dealli from the army, and that they Hliould from time to time; ride up to tho litter iii Avhi(;h he was carrit^d, imder pretence of reeeiv- inj; orders from him as usual. When tho battle had continued for some time, Mukiy Mohu; i)er- ceived with great anguish of ndnd that his troops in one quarter began to give way. He was then near his last agonies ; but collecting what re- mained of strength and life, he threw himself out of the litter, rallied his army, and again led them on to the elmrge. C^uite exhaustwi, he fell down on the Held, and being carried back to his litter ho laid his finger on his mouth to enjoin secrecy to his olHcers who stood around him, and e.xpired a few moments after in that |,;'sture. [The MiM)ra were victorious.] — Tytlkhu IIist., Book 6, ch. 28, p. 868. 3563. HEROES, Dsad. Turks. In their pub- lic perils the Turks make invocation to the name of Solyman. He appears .sometimes in battle athwart the smoke of the cannon, mount- ed on 11 white steed and surrounded by divini- lied heroes. [Solyman was marvellously Hucce.s.s- ful in the concpiest of European cities.] — La- MAUTINK's TlTRKKY, p. 283. 3563. HEROES for Freedom. Tormnint L' On- rcrtiire. [Toussaint L'Ouverture, a colored man, ]iad the military genius and the political sagac- ity to establish the civil and military dominion of free negroes in the island of St. Domingo ; he be- came the undisputed head of the government. Was conciuered and taken to France by order of Bonaparte.] — Kniuiit's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 24, p. 418. 3564. HEROISM, Admirable. Lafayette. The young and high-spirited Manpie.ss de Lafayette, afterward so celebrated in the Revolution, equip- ped a ship at his own expense, and proceeded to join the army of the American patriots under General Washingtou. — Students' Fuance, ch. 24, § 20. 3565. . PrUve Conde. [In 1509, on] the 13th of ^larch, Coligny [one of the Protestant leaders], with the rear guard only of his army, was surprised by the Duke of Anjou near Jarnac, on the Charente. Conde, sum- moned to the rescue, galloped to the scene of action with 300 cavalry, but found the admiral's troops already overpowered and in disorder. The gallant prince, thcigh he had been wounded in the arm the evening before, instantly headed an impetuous charge, and at the moment of engage- ing received a kick from a vicious horse, which fractured one of his leg. " Nobles of France !" he exclaimed, " behold in what a condition Louis of Bourbon goes to battle for Christ and his country !" His horse was soon killed under him, and the prince fell Helpless in the midst of the enemv. A desperate contliet took |ilac»i around his body, but his deleiiders wcrt! borne down by numliers aiid slain almost to a man. Conde at lengtli surrend'Ted hi.s sword. — Sti'- uk.nth' FitAN( k. ell. Itt, 5^ H, p. 3;ts. 3566. HEROISM, Patriotic. /{.if/„nt. ['i'lu> commander of the army of Fnincis I, against tlie Milanes(> was defeated, and in a eoinliat on tlx; Sesia [lu'l received a severe wound, vvliiclicom- ]M'lled him to resign the command to the Cliev- alier Bayard and lla^ Count de St. I'ol. A d<'s- perale siruggle followed, in the course of wldcii the noble Bayard, having resisted for some timo the whole streiigtli of Ihe enemy, anil thus se- cured the retreat of Uw French army, was mor- tally wounded by a musket-shot in the loins, lb; caused himself to lie [tlacetl at the foot of a tree, with his face still turned toward the enemy, and in this position calmly prepared himself for death. The Constable Bourlion rode up soon afterward, in hot i)Uisuit of his flying country- men, and addressed the expiring liero in words of resjH'Ctful sympathy. " I am no object of compassion," returned Bayard ; " I die as bo- comes a soldier and a man of honor ; it is your- self who are to be pitied — you who have tlie misfortune to be tightinir against your kiiur, your country, and your oath." — Studk.nth' Fuanck. 3567. HEROISM, Persistent. Afohammcdan. Till! Mohammedans were invading, with 3000 soldiers, the territory of Palestine, that extends to the eastward of Ihe Jordan. Tlie holy ban- ner was intrusted to Zeid. . . . Zeid fell, like a .soldier, in the foremost ranks ; the death of .laa- far was heroic and memorable ; lie lost his right hand ; he Bhifted the .standard to his left ; tho left was severed from his body ; he embraced the standard with his bleeding stumps, till he was transfixed to the ground with fifty honorable wounds. — Gihhon'h RoMK, ch. TiO. ]). 141. 356M. HEROISM in Suffering. Lord yeUon. [Nelson was wounded in the balt'e of the Nile, and was carried below to the cock-pit.] Theetfu- sion of blood being very great, the wound was held to be dangerous, if not mortal. The sur- geons left their wounded to bestow their caro upon the first man of the fieet. "No," said Nelson, " I will take my turn with my brave fellows."— Kniomt's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 20^ p. 356. 3569. HEROISM, Tarnished. licnediH Ar- nold. In the midst of tlu; general gloom tho country was shocked by the rumor that Benedict Arnold had turned traitor. And the news, though hardly creditable, was true. Tlic brave, rash man, who on behalf of the patriot cause had suffered unfold hardships and shed his blood on more fields than one, had blotted the record of his heroism with a deed of treason. [lie was promoted to major-general.ship for gallant be- liavior. Marrying an extravagant wife, he] en- tered upon a career of luxury and extravagance which soon overwhelmed him with debt and bankruptcy. In order to keep uji his magnifi- cence he began a system of frauds on the com- mi.ssarv department of the army. His bearing toward the citizens was that of a military des- pot ; the people groaned under his tyranny, and charges were preferred against him by Congres.s. . . . By a court-martial ... he was convicted on two charges, and by order of the court was 3(10 IIKHOISM-FIISTOUY. mildly rcpriiniiiulcd liy WMMliiii;rtnM. I'rnfcs.s iiiLT uiilxxiiiilcii pittriolistn, I he ii('lnivi';lit. Jjiw- rciicc oii)>;lit not to havcac^ccptcd the lianlrr, for IiIh ('((idptncnts were incoinplcti^ and Ids crew illassorli'd, Nick, and half mutinous, liui Ik- was youiiK, tl"' favorite! of llio nation ; tired ■with api)laUHc (over Ids recent .successes), lie ■went uiiliesitatiii^xly to meet Ids foe. . . . TIk; *altle \vas()l)stiiiale, brief, dreadful. In ii short time every otllcer who could direct the move- ments of the Chesapeako was eitlier killed or wounded. The hravi' youii'.; liawrcnco was Htruck with 11 musket liall, and fell dyin^ on the Moody deck. Astlwy Itore himdown t!io liatcii- way he pive in feelile voice Ids last iieroic order — ever after the motto of the American sailor — " Jhiii'l (/iiY II)) the. hIu'p !" The Hritisli wer(! already leapinj; on the deck, and the tlai; of En.uland was hoisted over the shaltt'red vessel. — Hidp.vth'h U. H., ch. 50, p. 4()«. tl57l. HETEBODOXT, Evidence of. PliottKH. [The patriarch of Coiistantinoplel a.ssiiined the title of (KriiDifnii'iil or General I'atriarch, and accused all the western l»ishoi)s of heresy, not oidy for adherinu; to the lioman pontilT, liut for various hcterodo.v articles of doctrine and un- christian practices, siu'h, for example, as usinj; unleavened bread in the sacrament, eating cheese and v^nH in Lent, shaving their heanls, and lastly, tliat they prohibited priests to marry, and separated from their wives such married men as cliose to go into orders. The last of these articles, lie allcsj'ed, gave rise to the mo.st scan- ilalous immoralities. — Tytleu's Hist., Book (J, ch. 6, p. »"). 3573. HISTORY, Divisions of. Anctfiit ami Modtrn. A reniarkablo revolution now awaited the emnire, wliicli, from a slender iM'ginning, effected a surprisiuifclmnge on tlie great theatre of human affairs. Tliis was the rise of Mahomet and liis relif/ion. But here we ttx the termina- tion of ancient liistory, and the commencement of the modern. Previous, however, to our en- tering upon this second ancl most important part of our work, we sliall consider, with some atten- tion, the manners, genius, laws, and policy of those Gothic nations who subverted the Roman empire in the West, and, establishing themselves in every quarter of Europe, are justly considered, at this diiy, as tlie parent stock of most of the modern European nations, [a.d. 575.] — Tyt- LEKs Hist., Book 5, ch. 6, p. 26. 2573. HISTORY, Fictions of. Of a ncien t Bri- tain. [From history of his times, l»y Ijaonicus Chalcondyles,] the most .singular circumstance of their manners is their disregard of conjugal honor and female cha.stity. In their mutual visits, as the first act of hospitality, the guest is welcomed in the embraces of their wives and daughters ; among friends they are lent and borrowed without shame ; nor are the islanders offended at this strange commerce and its inevi- table cou.sequences. Informed as we are of the customs of Old England, and assured of the virtue of our mothers, we may smile at the crc' -the • • ■ dulily, or resent the Injustice, of the (Jreek, who must have coiifoundecl a modest salute with a ( rimiiial emiirace. Hut Ids credulity and Injiis tice may teach an Important lesson . to distrust the ac<'ounls of foreign anil remote niitlons, and to suspend our belief of every tale that deviates from the laws of nature and the c'lariicter of man.— Oiiiiio.NH Kd.mk, ch. Diamond, Diamond! thou little knowest the mischief tliou hast done," is not true. The candle was left by his own carele.s.s- ness in such a position that it set fire to the i)a- pers without the iiiterventicm of a dog — an ani- mal he never kept. Nor did he contemplate his I0.S.S with the slightest api)roach to philosophic calmness. On the contrary, it almost drove him out of his senses, and it was a month before he had regained his tranquillitv. The story nl.so of his using his wife's finger, m a lit of absence of mind, to press down the tobacco in his pipe, is liable to two slight objections: 1, he never had a wife ; 2, he lievcr smoked. Being once asked why he never smoked or took snuff, ho answered, " I will not make to my.self any ne- ce8.sities." — Pahton's Nkwton, p. 93. 3576. HISTORY, Influence of. Nicola Riemi. The study of history and eloquence, the writings of Cicero, Seneca, Livy, Cre.sar, and Valerius Maximus elevated above his equals and contem- poraries the genius of the young plebeian ; he perused with indefatigable diligence the manu- scripts and marbles of antiquity ; loved to dis- pense his knowledge in familiar language ; and was often provoked to exclaim, "Where are now these Romans ? their virtue, their justice, their power ? why was I not born in those happy times ?" [He becania the deliverer of Rome.] — GinnoN'8 lioMK, ch. 69, p. 447. 3577. HISTORY misinterpreted. Cromwell's. We cannot readily find the instance of another ])ersonage in history whose acts and memory have been the subjects of sncli conflicting theo- ries as those of Cromwell. The iinpliiIosoi)hical and paradoxical verdict of Hume, the historian of England, that he was a fanatical hypocrite, may now be dismissed ; we suppose that by all parties it is dismis.sed, with the contempt to which it is only entitled, to the limbo to which it properly belongs, with many other of tho in FTISTOUV ;i(t7 vcnlli ts tills writer vititiircd to iiiimoiiik-i' In IiIh liistiiry. Ilimics clniriirtrr us mi lilsiorlmi Iiuh niitdiily Imtii Ioiii.' nIiici- liiipciicliril, liiit, liy Mr. Ilrodic, ri'lliiiii'c ii|ioii In xcnuily Ims Itcin en- tirely (li'Hiroyi'il ; mill even the Qmirti il;/ lii ni w nimiy years Hiiiee disiiiietlv nJiowed in lidw inmiy lll.stmiees Ills prejiidlees liav'c perniilted lillii to distiirl evideiiee, and even to ^arltU! do< iinieiits. — Iloolirt t'UoMWKI.I., il,r of Florida. [He withdrew from the Senate when his State seceded, and said in partin;^:) " 'I'lie State of Florida. . . had decided to rec'all the powers she had delc/^aterl (o the Federal Ooverninent, and to assume the full exercise of iier soverei^jn ri;;hts as an independent . . . community." At what piirticular period in th(( history of tlio Amer- ican continent Horichi had enjoyed " sovereij^n rights," by wiiat process siie had ever " delegated powers to the Federal Government," or at what time she liad ever been an "independent . . . commuiuty," Mr. Yulee evidently preferred not to inform tlie Senate. [Florida was not one of the original States.] — Bi.aink'h Twenty Yeaus, cli. 11, p. 244. 33iO. HI8T0BT, Partiality of. ThomnHCrmn- itell. The liistory of this great revolution, for it is nothing less, is tlie history of a single man. In the wlioie line of English statesmen there is no one of whom we would willingly know so much, no one of whom we really know so little, as of Thomas Cromwell. When he meets us in Henry's service he had alr(;ady passed middle life ; and during his earlier years it is hardly possible to do more than disentangle a few fragmentary facts from the nuiss of fable which gather round them. — Hist, of Eno. People, § 556. 2581. HISTORY, Providence in. Bdttle. The French were defeated at Turin, and the whole country was abandoned to the emjieror ; while in the mean time his son, the archduke, was pro- claimed at Madrid ; and Phili|) V., on the point of losing his kingdom, had thoughts of evacuat- ing Si)ain altogether, and establishing his do- minion in America. This desperate resolution, howi'vcr, was changed upon the victory of Al- manza, where the Duke of Berwick, the natural son of .lames II., defeated the imperialists with their allies, and restored the spirits of the despond- ing monarch. — Tyti.eu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 34, p. 466. 35§3. HISTORY, Rewritten. Oliver Crmnwell. The evident contradictions of the historians of his own and other countries who had Invariably exhibited him as \\ fantastic tyrant and u nielo- dramatic hypocrite, induced Mr. ( 'arlylc to think, with justice, that iN'iiealh these disconlani com poneiits tliere miijlit be found another ( 'loinwell, a being of nature, not of the iniaitination. (iuld ed by tliat Insiinci of truth mid logic in which Is comprl.sc(l thegeiiuisof erudite dls<'overy, Mr. Carlyle, himself possessing the spirit of a secta- rv, and delighting In an inde|H'ndcnt course, un- (lertook to search on, and examine all the cor respondence burled In the depths of pulillc or private archives, and in wliicli, at the ditrirenl tiatesof his doinestic, military, and political lift*, Croniwell, without thinking that he should thus paint himself, has in fact ilone so for the study of posterity. Supplh'd with theses treasures of Inilli and revelation, .Mr. Carlyle shut himself up for some years in the .soliluileof the country, that notiiing might distract his thoughts Iroiii his work, 'i'heii having collected, cliissi'd, studied, commented on, and rearrangeil these volumi- nous letters of his hero, and having resuscitated, as if from the tomb, the spirit oi' the man iiikI the age, he comniitled to Europe this hitherto unpublislied corresiiondenee, saying, with more reason than .lean .lacipies Kousseau, " {{eceive, and read ; behold the true Cromwell !" — IjA.mah- Tl.NE'rt CilO.MWEM., p. 1. ilANS. HISTORY, Romance of. JhnWir I.„tr». Arietta's i)reity feet twinkling in the brook made her the moiiierof William the Con((ueror. Had she not tl us fascinated Duke Robert, tlie Lib- eralof No'-mandy, Harold would not have fallen at Hastings, no Anglo-Norman dynasty could have ari.sen, no British empire. 't\w retlection is Sir Francis l'alij;rave's ; and it is emphatically true. If any onesliould write a history of " De- ci.sive loves tliat have mat<'rially intliienced the drama of the world in all its subseciuent scenes," the daughter of the tanner of Falaise would de- .serve a conspicuous place in his pages. — Deci- sive Batti.es, i5 273. 3384. HISTORY, Slandered by. Chrixtiann. "Nero," says Tacitus, "exposed to accusation and tortured with the mo.st ex(}uisite penalties a set of men detested f()r their enormities, whom the comnum people called 'Christians.' Chris- tus, the founder of this .sect, was executed during the reign of Tiberius ])y the Procurator Pontius Pilate, and the deadly sujierstition, supjiressed for a time, began to burst out once more, not only throughout Judtea, where tlu; evil had its 1 lot, but even in the city, whither from every quarter all things horrible or shameful are drift- ed, and tind their votaries." The lordly di.sdain which prevented Tacitus from making any in- (piiry into tli(^ real views and character oi the Christians is shown by the fact that he catches tip the most baseless allegations against them. He talks of their doctrines as savage and shame- ful, wlien they breathed the very spirit of peaco ami purity, itecharges them with beinganimat- ed by a hatred of their kind, when their central tenet' was an universal charity. The masses, ho says, called them " Christians ;" and while he al- most apologizes for staining his page with so vulgar an appellation, he merely mentions, in passing, that, though innocent of the charge of being turbulent incendiaries, on which they were tortured to death, they were yet a set of aofl IIISTOHY-IIOMK. guilty and iiiruiiioiiM N<>cturi<'M, to lie cliiHNt'il witli till' IdWist ilri'UM of Homiiii iiliiiliiuU. — Kmi- kak'h Kaki.v Dayh, I'll. ;i, p, :u. SIAMA. HISTORY, Volumlnout. S/„ihii/„,iir. Till' ciitalomir of woiks iilioiil Sliiiki'spcun' in ijio ItrillMli Mii<4runiroiisists. I iitii tolil, of foiir folio volumi's. Tlir iiuTir cutulojjni' ! Wr liavi' in tliis city Mi'Vi'i'iil colli'ilorsof Slmlti'Hpi'iiim JiliTiiliiri', oni' of wlioni has u:ol. toi^rtlicr a sviiolu ri.oni fiiil of hoiks, nninlH'iini;, prrliaps, two tlioiisand voliiini'M, all of wlilrli ri'lali-, In sonin way, to Hliaki'spi'iiii'. Nrvi'iMlirli'MH, tlir siilistuni'i'of what wi' ri'ally know of llii! man ami Ills lilV ran lio Htati'd in oni' of tlirsi' slioit iirllrli's. — Cvi'l.oi'K DI.V OK liioii., p. 2'A. 'l^'iMO. HOAXES, Suooeii by. Wiin/iinf/fon frn- in;/. llrviiiK's humorous Huliri', " 'I'lu; City of Nisv \ork."| AsliMH'niloiiH iioax, It was laiinih- cil with ii-siTJi's or small hoaxi's, thi; llrst of wliirh npiH'aii'il in llii! Kiriumj /W of OiIoIiit 2<*>, IHOt). ill till' shajio of II para;;i'a|ih niirratiiiK tlu! ilisa|)pi'ai'aniu! iroiii his loil^ing of a small, iflilcrly fri'iitli'iiian, hy tlu; nami'of Ivnickctbork- er. lie was slati'il to hi) ilrcsswl in an olil hlack coat iinil a corki'il hat, ami it was intimatcil thai thi'io wiM'uMomi' ira.sons forhi'lii^viniii thai ho was not ill his ri;r||| nilml. Orcaltinxicly wasfi'll, ami any infornialioii coni'iTninfr him woiilil hiMhank- fully rccr'vi'il at the (N)liimhian Ilotol, MiiIImt- ry Strci't, or al tho oHIci' of tlm impi-r. This fci'lcr was fnllowi'd in a week or two hy a com- iiiiinication from "A Traveller," who professed to have seen him. . . . Ten days later (Novem- lier (Uli) Mr. Seth Handiuside, "landlord of the Iiidcpendeiil ('oluml)ian Hotel, inserted a card in the same paper, in which \\" declared that there had heen tonnd in the room of the missiiifj man, Mr. Diedrich Knickerhocker, t curioUHkind of ti irri'tfrn lumh, in his own himdwritinjjf ; and lie wished the editor to notify him, if he was nlive, that if he did not return and pay olT his Mil for hoard he would have ti- dispose of his hook to satisfv him for the same. The hail look. . . . Till! "History of New York," which was pnhlished in this city on the (Jtli of Decemlier, 1H09, was u success in more ways than one. Its whiiu and satire am u.sed the lovers of wit and liumor, and its irreverence toward the early Dutch .settlers of the State annoyed and angered their descendants. Between the.se two classes of readers it was much talked ahout and largely circulated. — Htoddaud'h Iiivinii, p. 28. aSSr. HOBBYIST ridiculed. Columbus. Dur- ing all this time he was exposed to (;ontiiiual scoffs and indignities, heing ridiculed by the light and ignorant as a mere dreamer, 'ind stig- iniitized hy the illiberal as an adventurer. The very children, it is said, pointed to their fore- heads as he jiikssed, being taught to regard him as a kind of madman. The summer of 14M() pa.ssed away, but still Columbus was kept in tantjilizing and tormenting suspense. — Iuving's Colu.muls, Book 2, ch. 4. 35SS. HOLINESS, Fictitious. MxfiomH. Such were the calm and rational jirecejits of the legis- lator ; but in his jirivate conduct ^lahomel in- dulged in the appetites of a man, and abused the claims of a prophet. A special revelation dis- pensed him from the laws which he had imposed on his nation ; the female sex without reserve was abandoned to his duHire.s ; and this singiiiar prerogative excited the envy rather than the Ncaiidal, the veneration rather lliaii the < nvy of the devout .MiisMiilmans.— ({iiiiion'h Uomi;, ch. 50, p. 111). *Mnn. HOLY Spirit profMied. M,ilin,n,l. Thii piety of Moses and of Christ rejoiced in the as^ suriiiice of a future prophet more illuMtrioiii than Ihcnis'lves ; the evangelic |)romlM' of the I'araclele or Holy Ohosl was pretlgurid in the name and aci omplished in the jiersoii of .Ma lioniel, the greatest and the last of the ii|>oslles of Ood.— Uiiiiio.N'rt Hii.Mi.;, ch. .")(», ji. KIU. ilAftO. HOMAGE, Diiguiting. .I,im<^ II. |.\il- da.the pope's niiii'!". was consecrated archbishop of a tlctiliollsbi^llopril J Adda, wearing the robes of his new olll.e, Joined the circle in the (lueen'a apartnienis. .lames fell on his knees in the iires- ence of the whole court, and implored a blessing. In spite of the reslriiiiils im|)oscd by cliipietle, the astonishment and disgust of the liystanders could not be concealed. It was long, Indeed, since an Knglish sovereign had knelt to iiioiial man. — Ma( ailavh Knii., ch. H, p. 24)». 9A9I. HOMAGE uniurpaiied. SiiudhI .fnlniivm. His respect for the hierarchy, and i)articiiliirly the dignitaries uf the church, has been more tiiaii once exhibited in llic course of this work. Mr. Seward saw him nresented to the Archbishop of York, and described his bow to an archbishop as such a studied elaboration of homage, such an (extension of limb, such a llexion of Imdy, as have seldom or ever been equalled. — Boswkm-'h •loilNSON, p. 401. ilftft'i. HOME beautified. Sir WnltcrScntt'H first. Ills first country home was the cottage at La.s.s- wade, on the Esk, about six miles from Edin- burgh, which betook in 170H, a few months after his marriage, and retained till 1H( (. It wasajjretty little cottage, in the be iiilillcalion of which Scott felt great jtiide, and where he cxerci.icd himself in the small beginiiingsoftlio.se tastes for altering and planting which grew so rapidly ujion him, and at last enticed him into caslle-building and tre(!-culture on a dangerous, not to say ruinous, scale. One of Scott's intimate friends, . . . Air. MorritI, walked . . . withScott fou.'yearsafterlio had left il, and was taken out of his way to seo it. " I have been bringing you," he said, " where there i.'i little eiiou.ijh to be seen, only that Scotch cottc ■ ; but thou.ifh not worth looking at, I couin II )t jiass it. It was our tirst country house w!iti i.ewiy married, and many a contrivance it had It make it comfortable, t made a dining- tablc for it with my own hands. Look at these two miserable willow trees on either side the gate into the enclosure ; they are tied together lit the top to be an arch, and a cross made of two sticks over them is not yet decayed. To be sure, it i.s not /■ uch of a lion to show a stranger, but I wanted to .see it again myself, for I assure you that after I had constructed it, mititiiiid (Mrs. Scott) and I both of us thought it so fine wo turned out to see it by moonlight, and walked backward from it to the cottage-door, in admi- ration of our own magnificence and its jiictu- rcsijue effect." — Hl'tton'sLikk ofScott, ch. 7. 3503. HOME, Common. Ilimun. The hou.ses of private citizens, and even those of the higher cla.s.ses, were of a very moderate size during the times of the republic. Tlic; Romans appear to ; ! n(»MK-ll()NKSTY. noo hnv<> llvi'd miicli in lli«' (>|M>n iitr, nit ii Kn>at imrt of llii'lr liuililiii^'H lontiMii'd of vcstibulcH iiml |)i>rtir(iM. 'I'lic lioiixcs wrrc ilcliiclii'il friiiii null oilier. Itllil nsiiillly <>f nlic llodr. 'I'llc llitTrrrlil ii|iiii'tiii*'iiN had ciii'li u xin^li'ilnor, cnli'iiiiK troiii tilt' jiiillii yorixiilico. 'riicM'inmilininlH, cxicpl till' tn'i-lii'iiinii or liiill, wliirc llity mU al imiih, wore >f'''i<''"lly miiiill, imd Unfilled mdy I'y one MniMi'i' window iiciirtiic cciliiiK'M. 'I'ln' inridliir)' ol till' linii^c iiMii its dr('oriltii)iiM wrl'i- Niiiiplc, llir W'ldJH tiriiiinii'iiti'd witli frcMco pidiilitii; in a liulit 1111(1 chi'i'ifid Mty|(>. 'I'lic larger houses iiad eacii a pinien lieldnd for tlic ciildvallon of veireta blex, Mild u few trees to yield a refresidnic slmde ill Niiniiner.— Tyti.ku'h IIiwt., Hoolt (I, cli. 0, p. 4 1:.. ilAOI. HOME deierted. f.omlontrii. The cof- fee lioiise wiis (lie Ijondoii t's lionie ; . . . Iliose will) wislied to tind a p'titleiiuiii eoniinoni v aslved, not wliellier lieiived in Fleet Street or ( liaiieery Lane. Iiiit whether he frei|iiented the Oreciaii or the Hainliow. [HeiKn "f t'harle.s ll.J— Macau- I- I'ATn's U. S., ch. 44, p. 480. 2601. HONESTY auamed. OUcer Goldmmth. The company was of u fumiliur, unceremonious 310 HONESTY. kind, (Iclifrhting in tliut vory fincsfionahle wit wlilcli consistM in playing' olT prnclical joixcs upon cacli otiicr. Of one of tiicsv Goldsmith was made tiic butt. Coniinir to the club one niirlit in a hacliney <'oach, lie tfave thecf)achnian by niis- taiii! a guinea instead of a shillinf;, ■which he set down as a dead loss, for there was no likelihood, lie said, that a fellow of this class would have liie lionesty to retr.rn the money. On tlio ne.\t club evening lie was toid a iKTson at tlu; street door wi.shed to speak with hin\. He went forth, but soon returned witli a radiant countenance. To his 8urpri.se and delight the coachman had actually broujjht back the guinea. While 1: ; launched forth in praise or this unlooked-for piece of lionesty, he declared it ought not to go uiiiviwarded. Collecting a small sum from the club, and no doubt ii>creasing it largely from his own purse, he dismissed the Jehu with many en- comiums on his goo(i conduct. He was still chanting liis praises when one of the club re- (juested a sight of the guinea thus honestly re- turned. To Goldsmith's <'onfusion it i)roved to be a counterfeit. The universal burst of laugh- ter which succeeded, and the jokes by whicli he was n.ssailed on every side, showed him that the wliole was a hoax, and the pretended coachman as much a counterfeit as the guinea. He was .so di.sconcerted, it is said, that he soon beat a retreat for the evening. — Iuving's Golds.mith, cli. 19, p. 128. 3603. HONESTY confessed. Shorel. [When James H. sent his Jacobite emis.siuy to seduce the commanders of tlie British navy, he report- ed that Sir Cloudesley Shovel was incorruptible. " He is a man not to be spoken to," was tlieem- is.sary's tribute.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 21, p. 382. 3603. HONESTY of Conviotions. Wm. Pcnn. A.D. 1671. Never fearing to openly adrivate i)atrini()ny, that it might i)e evident wliether he were ennched or impover- ished by the service of the State. He thought hiuLself entitled to a stipend of three jiieces of gold, witli the sufheient maintenance of a single camel and a black slave ; but on the Friday of cacii week he distributed the residue of his own and the publit- money, tirst to the most worthy, and then to the most indigent, of the 3Ioslems. Tlu; remains of his wealtli — a coarse garment and live pieces of gold — were delivered to hi3 succe.ssoi', wlif) lamented with a modest sigh hl» own iiial)ility to equal such an admirable iuodel. — Giuiion's Rome, ch. 51, p. 173. 3606. HONESTY, Promotion by. Pompcy. Hia- tory has dealt tenderly with liini on acc(»unt of his misfortunes, and has 'ot refused him de- served admiration for (pialilies as rare in his age as they Avere truly excellent. His capacities as a soldier were not extraordinary. He had risen to distinction by his honesty. The pirates who had swept the ^Mediterranean liad bought their impu- nity by a tribute paid to senators and governors. They were supi)ressed instantly when a command- er was sent against them wlK)m they were ima1)le to bribe. The conquest of Asia was no less ea.sy to a man who could resist temptations t(j enrich himself . The worst enemy of Pompej' never charged him with corruption or rapacity. So far as he was himself concerned, the restoration of Ptolemy was gratuitous, for he received noth- ing for it. His private fortune, when he had the world at his feet, was never more than moder- ate ; nor as a politician did his faults extend be- j-ond weakness and incompetence. — Fkoude's C^SAii, ch. 23. 3607. HONESTY, Public. liahj. [Early in the sixth century Italy, being a] country possess- ed of many valuable objects of exchange, soon attracted the merchants of ihe world, whose beneficial traffic was encouraged and protected by the liberal spirit of Theodoric. The free in- tercourse of the provinces by land and water was restored and extended ; the city gates were never shut either by day or by night ; and the com- mon saying, tiiat a purse of gold might be .safely left in the fields, was expressive of the conscious security of the inhabitants. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 39, p. 27. 360§. HONESTY in public Life. Olhrr Crom- trell. [Cromwell the Protector left no wealth to his family, notwithstanding the high positions which he occupied and ihe opportunities of en- richment at the expense of the State.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 4, ch. 14, p. 217. 3609. HONESTY punished. Greek Emperor Theodore Lnscans IT. On a march in Bulgaria he consulted on a question of policy his princi- pal ministers ; and the Greek logothete, George Acropolita, presr-^ied to offend him by the dec- laration of a f ■ t and honest opinion. The em HONESTY— HONOR. 311 pcror half unsheathed his cimcter ; but liis more deliberate rage reserved Acropolita for a baser punishment. One of the first ofHeers of the eui- l)ire wa.s ordered to dismount, stripped of his robes, and extended on the ground in the pres- ence of the prince and army. In this posture he was ehastiseil with so many and such lieavy blows from the clubs of two guards or execution- ers, that when Theodore commanded them lo cease, the great logotiieto was scarcely al)le to rise and crawl away to his tent. After a seclusion of some days he wna recalled by a peremptory mandate to his seat in council ; and so dead were the Greeks to the sense of honor and shame, that it Is from the narrative of the sufferer himself that ■we acquire the knowledge of his disgrace. — Gib- bon's lloME, ch. 62, p. 144. «6I0. HONESTY, Scarcity of. riato. [Plato was invited to lecture before I)ionysi\is the ty- rant.] Justice was the. . . topic ; and when Plato a.sserted the happine.s. of the ju.st and the wretch- ed condition of the unjust, the tyrant was stung ; and being unable to answer his arguments, he expressed his resentment against those who seem- ed to listen to him with pleasure. At last he was extremely exasperated, and asked the philoso- pher what bu.siness he had in Sicily. Plato an- sv.'ered that lie came to .seek an honest man. " And so, then," replied the tyrant, " it seems you have lo.st your labor." — Plutaucii'b Dion. 3611. HONESTY, Unquestioned. WasJiing- ion's. So noted for excellence was everything bearing his brand, that a barrel of flour staniiied " George Washington, Mount Vernon," was ex- empted from the customary inspection in the West India ports. — Custis' Washington, vol. 1, ch. 2. 3613. HONOR, Appeal to. Pmnan Emperor. Gallienus often displayed his liberality by distrib- uting among his officers the property oi his sub- jects. On the accession of Clauaius an old woman threw herself at his feet, and complained tliat a general of the late emperor had obtained an arbitrary grant of her patrimony. This gener- al was Claudius h'-aself, who had not entirely es- caped the contagion of the times. The emperor blushed at the reproach, but deserved the confi- dence which she had reposed in his equity. The confession of his fault was accompanied with im- mediate and ample restitution. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 11, p. 334. 3613. HONOR, Dangerous. Emperor of Rnne. [The preceding emperors had been murdered each in their turn during fourscore years.] The troops, as if satiated with the exercise of power, again conjured the senate to invest one of its own body with the Imperial purijle. The senate still persisted in its refusal, the army in its request. The reciprocal offer was pressecl and rejected at least three times, and while the obstinate mod- esty of either party was resolved to receive a mas- ter from the hands of the other, eight months in.sensibly elapsed ; an amazing period of tran- quil anarchy, during which the Roman world re- mained witliout a .sovereign, without a usurper, and without a sedition. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 12, p. 367. 3614. HONOR, Debts of. Gambling. [The German barbarians were deep gamblers.] Their debts of honor (for in that light they have trans- mitted to us those of play) they discharged with the most romantic fidelity. The desperate game- ster, who had staked his person and lilM-rty on a last t'o-ow of the dice, patiently sulimittcd to the decision of fortune, and suffered himself to be bound, chastised, and sold into remote slavery by his weaker but moreluck}- antagonist. — Gib- bon's Ro.MK, ch. 9, i>. 201. 2615. HONOR, Humility with. r.ord Byron. lie was a schoolb(>v, ten years old at the time, living in Scotland with his mother, who had an income of £135 a year, equal to about $25 a week in our present currency. All at once came new.s that Lord IJyron, the grand-uncle of the boy, was dead, leaving no heirs to liis title and esfa'es ex- cept this poor widow's son. Imagine the effect upon a forward, sensitive, bashful, imaginative boy — painfully ashamed because he had a lame foot. It .seems that he was jnizzled at first with his new lordship. The day after the news arrived he ran up lo his mother, and said, " Moth(.'r, do Jou .see any diiTerence in me since I became lord t see noae."— Cyclopedia ok JJioo., p. 289. 3616. HONOR misplaced. 3A(/->/- J ;/^//v. [Hav- ing been executed by Washington as a confessed spy,] his king did right in offering honorable rank to his brother, and in granting pensions to his mother and sisters, but not in raising a memorial to liis name in Westminster Abbey. Such honor belongs to other enterprises and deeds. The tablet has no fit place in a sanctuary, dear from its monuments to every friend to gen- ius and mankind. — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 10, ch. 18. 3617. HONOR, National. Romani*. [During the reigns of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius] the Roman name was revered among the most re- mote nations of the earth. The fiercest barba- rians frequently submitted their differences to the arbitration of the emperor, and we i.re informed by a contemporary historian that he had seen am- bassadors who were refused the honor which they came to solicit, of being admitted into the rank of subjects. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 1, p. 10. 3618. HONOR, Test of. John 11. the Good. John was sent back to his dominions on promise of a large ran.son ; but he was without finances, without soldiers, for they refused to obey him, and without credit ; yet he had a strong principle of honor, for, being unable to .satisfy the condi- tions of his liberation, lie returned to England, surrendered himself once more a prisoner, and died soon after in London. Note. — It was a no- ble maxim of this prince, " That if good faith should be totally forgotten by the rest of man- kind, it ought still to find a place in the breast of lirinces." It has, however, been conjectured that John's strongest motive for returning to England was a passion he had conceived for the Countess of Salisbury, one of the most beautiful women of that age".— Tytlek's Hist., Book 6, ch. 12, p. 199. 3619. HONOR, Vanity of. Queen Mari/. [Mary Queen of Scots, in her illness, was subject to great melancholy, which she expressed often by the exclamation,] I could wi.sli to be dead ! — Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 9, p. 144. 3630. HONOR in 'War. Napoleon. [When he escaped from exile at St. Elba the army wel- 315 HONORS. corned him, and Louis XVIII. ik-d. At the Tuil- cries, in Napoleons former cabinet, were found] a portfolio . . . contiiining the priviitc and con- lidential papers of the kiiiL'. Tliey weni safe in the kecpin/;^ of Napoleon ; liis pride of character and delicate sense of honor would not allow him to pry into these disclosures of the private life of his enenues. He ordered them all to be sealed, and to be sent by a despatch to their owner. — AimoTTs N.\roi-EON B., vol. 2, cii. 26. i262 1 . HONOBS, Bardemome. Gra it t—A Jfomo. [When (Jcneral Grant visited Alfonso, King of Spain,] Grant spoke of the .sympathy th<^ death of his wife created in America. The king said . . . they had been very happy together, and she had helped him bear the burdens of the kingly office, which were extremely irksome to him Grant replied that the eight years of his Presi- dency had been the most liara.ssing and weaiy ones of his whole Hfe. — Genkual Guant's Tkavei.s, p. 2.")9. 3633. HONOBS, Compulsory. Sntnrninvs. [lie was apjiointed to command the Ea.stern Empire under Emperor Probus.] That general, a man of merit and experience, was driven into rebellion by the absence of his sovereign, the levity of the Alexandrian people, the pressing instances of his friends, and his own fears ; but from the moment of liis elevation he never entertained a hope of empire or even of life. " Alas !" lie said, " the republic has lost a u.seful servant, and the rashness of an hour has destroyed the services of many years. You know not," continued he, ' ' the misery of .sovereign power ; a sword is per- petually suspended over our liead. We dread our very guards, we distrust our companions." [He was "soon destroyed.] — Gibbon's Komk, ch. 12, p. ;iS3. 3623. HONOBS demanded. Cromwell. Not an iota of the honors due to a crowned head would he disj)ense with when negotiating, as the Protector of England, with the proudest mon- archs of Europe. Spain yielded, with little hesi- tation, to accord to him the same .stjde as was claimed by her own haughty monarchs ; but Louis [XIV.] of France sought, if possible, some comi>r()inise. His tirst letter was addres,sed to " His Most Serene Highness, Oliver, Lord Pro- tector," etc., but (,'romwell r(;fused to receive it. The more familiar title of " Cousin" was in like manner rejected, and Louis and his crafty min- ister, the Cardinal 3Iazarin, were compelled to concede to him the wonted mode of address be- tween sovereigns: "To Our Dear Brother." " AV'hat I" exclaimed Louis to his minister, " shall I call this ba.se fellow my brother ?" " Ay," rejoined his astute a(lvi.ser, " or your fa- ther, if it will gain your ends, or you will have him at the irates of Paris !" — IIoou's Cbomwell, ch. 16, p. 21.J. 3634. HONOEJ, Miserable. Aged Emperor Tac- itus. The glory and life of Tacitus were of short duration. Transported, in the depth of winter, from the soft retirement of Campania to the foot of Mount Caucasus, he sunk under the unaccustomed hardships of a military life. The fatigues of the body were aggravated by the cares of the mind. . . . The angry and seltish passions of the soldiers . . . soon broke out with redoubled violence, and raged in the camp and even in the teat of the aged emperor. His mild and amiable character served only to inspire contempt, and he was incessantly tormented with factions which he could not a.ssunge and by demands which it was inii)o.s.sible to .satisfy. . . . His last hour wjus ha.stened by anguish and disappointment. It may be doubtful whether the soldiers iml)rued their hands in the blood of this innocent prince. It is certain that their insolence was the cause of his death.— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 12, p. 373. 3635. HONOBS, Premature. IMirar. [Tlie Wa.shington of the States of Colombia.] Spain renewed the war, and Bolivar was called again to the supreme command. Three n.ore bloody cam- paigns were necissary before the Spaniards were Avhollyand finally expelled from the soil of Co- lombia, by which name the confederated republics were called. In 1825 Bolivar once more abdicat- ed the dictatori-hip. An equestrian statue having been decreed him by the corporation of his na- tive city, he declined the honor, saying, "Wait till after my death, that yoi; may judge me with- out prejudice, and accord to me then such honors as j-ou may deem suitable ; but never rear monu- ments to a man as long as he is alive. He can change, he can betray. You will never havetliis reproach to make to me ; but wait a little long- er." — Cyclopedia ok Biog., p. 490. 3636. HONOBS resigned, Diocletian. It was in the twenty-first year of his reign that Diocle- tian executcil his memorable resolution of abdi- cating the empire, an action more naturar '■ to have been expected from the elder or the you* cc Antoninus than from a prince who had n ^ver ])racti.sed the ks.sons of philosophy either in the attainment or in the use of supreme power. Dio- cletian ac(iuired the glory of giving to the world the tirst example of a resignation, which has not been very frequently imitated by succeeding monarchs. . . . [He Avas only fifty-nine.] It was time to put an end to the painful struggle which he had sustained during more than a year, l)etween the care of his health and that of his dignity. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 13, p. 441. f a great empire. He resolved to pass the remainder of his days in honorable repo.se, to place his glory beyoncl the reach of fortune, and to relinquish the theatre of the world to his younger and more active as- sociates. — Gibbon's Ro.me, ch. 13, p. 441. 363§. HONOBS, Unexpected. Miss Sallie Tfto7)ipso)i. [A ]\Ia.ssachusetts girl, daughter of " Count Rumford."] Rumford assumed the com- mand of the Bavarian forces, and by liis firmness and presence of mind prevented either French or Austrians from entering ^lunich. The considera- tion in which he was held is illustrated by the fact that t'ie elector made Miss Thompson a countess of the empire, conferring on her a pen- nONOUS— HOSPITALITY. 313 BJon (if JL'200 a year, witli lilu'ity to (iijoy it in any fdiiiilrv wlicrc she lui^lit wisli to reside, 'nil' New I'^iiijlaiKl girl, lirougiit up in tlie quiet lido ■ t Concord, transplanted tlienee to Ijon- , but always to /yt blest." He asserted that the prettetd was never a happy state to any human being ; but that, as every ])art of life of which we are conscious was at some point of time a period yet to come, in which felicity was expected, there was some happiness produced by hope. Being pressed upon this subject, and asked if he really was of opinion that thovigh, in general, happiness was very rare in human life, a man was not sometimes happy in the moment that was present, he answereil, "Never, but when he is drunk." — Boswkli.'s Joii.NsoN, p. 248. 2632. HOPE a Treasure. Pcrfl.WnK. [Alex ander the Great was generous to his friends.] Though his provision was . . . small, he chose, at his embarkation, to inquire into the circum- stances of his friends ; and to one he gave a farm, lo another a village ; to this the revenue of a borough, and to that of a i)ost. Wlien in this manner he had disposed of almost all the estates of the crowd, Perdiccas asked him what he had reserved for himself. The king answered, " Hope." " Well," rejilied Perdiccas, " we who share in y(mr labors will also take part in j'our hopes." In consefjuence of which he refu.sed the estate allotted him, and some others of the king's friends did the .same. — Pi-utaucii'b Al- KX.V.NUKK. 2633. HORSE, An honored, fii/ WaiihiugUm. The charger whicli bore him wiieii he received the -iv.-oni of the vaiaiuished [Cornwallis] . . . was a chestnut with a white face and legs, and was called Mil)«»t. . . . After the war was over it was never mounted more, but . . . well cared for. . . . It died of old age at iMounI Vernon many years after the lievolution. — Cl'STis' Washinhton, vol. l.ch. 2. 263'!. HORSEMEN, Expert. Sri/t/iiiois. The Scythians (>f every age have been celel)ratod as bold and skilful riders; and constant practice had .seated them .so lirmly on horseback, that they were supposed by strangers to ])erform the ordinary duties of civil life, to eat, to drink, and even to slecj), without dismounting from their steeds. — Gihhon's Komk, ch. 26, p. 9. 2635. HORSES, Care of. Woxfiinf/ton'ii. The President's stables at Philadelphia were under the care of German John, and the grooming of the white chargers will rather surprise the mod- erns. The night licfore the horses were . . . t(i be ridden they were covered entirely over with white paste, of whicli whiting was the principal component i)art ; then the animals were swathed ill body-clothes and left to sleep on clean straw. In the morning the composition had liecome hard, was well rubbed in, and curriicurisin, but was held to be done incomi>linienf to the entertainer, that his guesf.^ might be enabled to carry off a greater sar paid a vi.sif of reconcilement to Cicero by inviting himself to sup with him, he took care to let Cicero know that he had taken a vomit beforehand, and was resolved to make a most enormous meal ; and Cicero tells us he kept his word, which, for his own part, he took very 314 IIOSI'ITAF.ITY. kindly, imd as a mark of Cipsars hijjh iiolilc- ncss. — Tyti, Kit's Hist., Hook 4, cli. 1, p. 4!'M. il640. HOSPITALITY without Charity. Kiif/- IM. [An lUilian travrllcrof \'M) ridicules p^iijj- lish osU-ntation in fcastin^r. | They lliink that no greater lionor can Im' confcrrcil or n^ceivcd than to invito others to cat with tlieni ; and they would sooner give five or six ducats to provide an entertainment for a person than a groat to assist him in any distress. — Kniout'h Eno., vol. 2, ch. 15. aeil. HOSPITALITY, Courtly. Uuis XIV. [To James II., (lie fugitive king of England.) Saint G(;rmain's liad now been selected to he tlu; abode of the royal family of England. Sumptu- ous furniture had heeii hastily sent in. TIk- nursery of the Prince of Wales had been canv fully turnislied with everything that an infant cohIiI require. One of the attendants presented to the ((ueeu the key of a superb casket which stood in her apartment. She opeiu-dthe casket, and found in it six thousand pistoles. On the following day James arrived at Saint Ger- main's. Louis was already there to welcome him. The luifortunate exile bowed so low that it seemed as if he wius about to embrace \\w knee^ of his protector. Louis raised him, and embraced him with brotherly tenderness. The two kings then entered the (pieen's room. ' ' 1 lere is a gentleman," said I.,{)uis to Mary, " whom you will be glad to .see." Then, after entreating his guests to visit him next day at Versailles, aiKl to let him have the plea.surcot showing them his buildings, pictures, plantations [he gave him £4r),000 sterling a year and £10,000 for his out- lit]. — Macaul.vy's Enc;., ch. 10, p. 55.'). 2642. HOSPITALITY, Duty of. Abruhdw. [The Arabs have a tradition tlial the] first time Al)raham vi-sited Mecca he stopped at the door of Lshmael and called him by his name. Ainara, the wife of lshmael, came to the door. " Where is lshmael ?" incjuired the patriarch, without dis- moimting. " lie is hunting," replied Amara. " Have you nothing to give me to eat ? for I cannot come down." " I have nothing," said Amara; "this country is a desert." "Very well," rejoined Abraham ; " say to your husband Inat you have seen a stranger, describe to him my figure, and tell him that 1 recommend him to change the threshold of his door." Amara, on the return of lshmael, acquitted herself of the message. Her husband, offended that she had refused his father hospitality, repudiated her, and married a woman of another tribe, named Sayda. Al)raham returned some time after to visit his son. He was absent. A j'oung, slim, and gime- ful woman came to the threshold of the door to make reply to the stranger. "Have you .some nourishment to give me ?" asked Abraham of his daughter-in-law, without making himself known or dismounting from his horse. " Yes," Siud she in an in.stant. ■ And going into the house, she returned soon after, presenting to the traveller some cooked venison, milk, and dates. Abraham ta.sted the edibles, then blessed them in .saying, " May God multiply in this country tliese three species of nutriment." — Lamahtine's Turkey, p. 44. 3643. HOSPITALITY, False. Rmian. PIos- pitality was formerly the virtue of th(! Romans ; and every stranger who could plead either mer- it or misfortune was relieved or rewaided by their generosity. At |)re.sent, if a foreigner, i>er- haps of no coiitemptil)le rank, is introduced to one of i\\v |)roud and wealthy senators, he is welccmied indeed in the first audience with su( h warm jjrofe.ssions and such kind in(|uiries thai he n^tires, enchanteil with flui atTabilily of his illustrious friend, and full of regret that he bad so long delayed his journey to Rome, the native seat of manners, as well as of empire. Secure of a favoral)le reception, he repeats his visit the en- suing day, and is mortified by the discovery that his person, his name, and his country arc al- ready forgotten. If lie still has resolution to jiersevere, he is gradually numberc ! in the train of dependents, and ob«Minsthe permi.ssion to pay his a.ssiduous and unprofitable court to a haughty patron, incapable of gratitude or friendslii[), who scarcely deigns to remark his presence, his departure, or his return. — Giuhon'h Rome, ch. 31, p. 2.5(5. '2ii. His li'enerous humanity to the miserable was idmusi beyond example. The followinj;- in- stance is well attested : t'ominif home late one ni^ht he found a \n}ov woman lying in the street, so nuich exhausted that she could not walk ; he took her ujion his back and carried her to his Inaise, where he discovered that she was one of those wretched females who hud fallen iiUo the lowest state of vice, jioverty, and di.sease. Instead of harshly upbraiding her, he had her taken care of with all tenderness for a long time, at a considerable expense, till she was restored to health, and endeavored to put lier i!ilo a virtuous way of living. — Bosweli/s Johnson, \). 'yiil. 2660. HUMILIATION, Abject. Lord Clorcn- iliiii. The viceroy had .scarcely returned to Dub- kin from his unpleasing tour when he receiv- ed letters which informed him that he had in- curred the king's .serious displea.sure. His Majesty — so the.se letters ran — expected his .ser- vants not only to do what he commanded, but to do it from the heart, and with a cheerful countenance. The lord-lieutenant had not, in- deed, ri'i'used to co-operate in the reform of the army and of the civil adnnnistration, but his co- operation had been reluctant and perfunctory. His looks had betrayed his feelings, and ever}'- body saw that he disapproved of the policy which he was employed to carry into effect. In great anguish of mind he wrote to defend him- self ; but he was sternly told that his defence was not satisfactory, ite then, in the most ab- ject terms, decl.ured that he would not attempt to justify himself ; that he acquiesced in the royal judgment, be it what it might; that he prostrated himself in the du.st ; that he implored pardon ; that of all penitents he was the most sincere ; that he shoidd think it glorious to die in his .sovereign's cause, but found it impo.s.sible to live mider his sovereign's displeasure. Nor was this mere interested hypocrisy, but, at lea.st in part, luiafl'ected slavi.shness and poverty of spirit ; for in confidential letters, not meant for the royal e\e, he bemoaned himself to liis family in the .same strain. lie was mi-serable ; he was crushed ; the wrath of the king was insupport- able ; if that wrath could not be mitigated, life would not be worth having. The poor man's terror increa.sed when he learned that it had been deternnned at Whitehall to recall him, and to appoint, as his successor, his rival and calum- niator, Tvrcomiel. — Ma(Ai:i.ay's Eno., ch. 0, p, i:).'). 26slic and tender nature. His indiscreet mention of women and divorces was deeiily resented by thv jealous Tartar ; in the feast of victory the wine was .served by female cupbejirers, and the sultan be- held his own concubines and wives confounded among the slaves, and ex])osed without a veil to the eyes of intemi>erance. To esca|)e a .similar indignity, it is .said that his successors, except in a single instance, have abstained from legitimate miptials. — (tiinioNs Ho.mk, ch. ()"», p. 209. 2662. HUMILIATION by Defeat. Itovinmat ('iiiKfiiini. The Samnites, surprising tluaii in a narrow defik! near that town, had it in their l)ower to cut t'lem off to a man. Pontius, the general of the Sanmites, made the whole Roman army, with the consuls at their head, naked and disarmed, j)ass imder tli" yoke. . . . When the dreadful ceremony began, and when they .saw the garments torn from the backs of the consuls, and tho.se men whom they had been accust;)os- ed toward the court. Hut th(; new soverei;,'irs mind was liaunted hy an ai)prelieiision not to l)e niontioned, even at this distance of tiin(\ with- out HliaiiKMind indignation, lie was afraid that liy Huminoning the Parlianient of England he might incur the dispieasiire of the King of France. — Ma( ai!i..\y'8 Eno., cli. 4, p. 42:}. il6<{6. HUMILIATION, Painful. .1 ttnluH. [Formerly Em])eror of Home. J When the ' ioths, two years iiflt'r the siege of Home, eslahlished their (piarters in Gaul, it was natural tosu])pose that their inclinations could be divided only be- tw(M!n the Emperor Ilonorius, with whom tliey liad formed a recent alliance, and the degraded Attains, whom they reserved in their camp for the occiusional puri)ose of acting the part of a mii.sieian or a monarch. — GiiiHoNs Ho.mk, ch. ai, p. 306. titter. HUMILIATION, Proof of. rmhan Gnnt- let. The Homans in their triumphal ])rocessions exhibiteen so rashly interpreted ["Is there no one to d(]i\-er \\w from this turbulent ])riest V" P'our knights af- terward assassinated Becket |; and he wasscourged with a knotted cord. He spent the niir'it in ii dark crypt, and the next day rode fasil/.g to London. — Knioiit's Eno., vol. l,ch. 21. p. 301. 2«70. HUMILITY, Christian. St. lin-nnrd. In siieech, in writing, in action, Bernard stood liigii above his rivals and contemjioi'aries ; his coin- jiositions are not devoid of wit and eloin.rnce ; and he seems to have preserved as nuicli rea- son and humanity a may be reconciled with the character of a saint. In a seculi.r life he would have shared the seventh i)art of a private inheritance ; l)y a vow of poverty and penance, by (^losing his eyes against the visible world, by the refusal of all ecclesiastical dignities, the abbot of Clairvaux became the oracle of Europe and the founder of one hundred and sixty convents. Princes and pontilTs trembled at the freedom of his ai)ostolical censures ; F'rance. England, and Milan consulted and obeyed his iudgment in a schism of the church ; the debt was rei)aid by the gratitude of Imiocent II. ; aiulhis successor, Eiigenius III., waslhe friend and disciple of the holy Bernard. It was in the proclamation of the second crusade that he shone as the mis. sionarv and propiiet of God. — GinuoNs Ho.mk, ch. 39, p. 13. 2«ri. . Godfiri/. [When tins Cru.saders had taken Jerusalem the] unanimous voice of the army proclaimed Godfrey of Bouil- lon the first and most worthy of the champions of Christendom. His magnanimity accei>ted a trust as full of danger as of glory ; but in a city where his Saviour had been crowned with thorns, the devout pilgrim rejected the name and en- .signs of royalty ; and the foiinih'r of the king- dom of JerusaleiTi contented hiniself with the modest title of Defender and Baron of the Holy Sepulchre. — GiitnoN's Ho.mI':, ch. W, p. ")!).■>. 2073. HUMILITY, Mohammedan. M'l/ioniH. His apparel was that of the \)oov — the coarsest cloth of shecji's wool, Ihe cinc^tures woven from camel's hair ; he rejected, as an article of luxury and vanil}-, the white turbans of Indian cotton worn by his warriors. He lived upon dates and the milk of his sheeii, which he did not di.sdain to milk himself. He but rarely made use of the hand of his slave for Ihe most disagreeable ser- vices of the hou.se. He went to fetch water from the well, swept and wa.slied the boards of his Hoor. Seated on the ground, upon his mat of straw, he mended himself his sandals and s'litch- ed his worn garments. — La.maktf.ne's Turkey, p. ir)2. 3673. . MdhomH. The good sense of Mahomet despised the pomp of royalty; the 318 HUMIMTY-irrsnAND. Hposilc of (iixl Miil)iiiilicil 1(1 llic menial oIHccm of llic I'aiiiilv : lie kindled tlie lire, HWept tlie (Iiior. milked llie ewes, iind mended wilii liis own li.'iiids his shoes and Ids woolen pirinenl. i>isdidnin^ the peiiiuK'e and nier, anil read a chapter with great relief. — Kay.mond's Lincoln, p. 744. 2679. HUNGER, Insatiable. Oold Seekers. A man came in one morning and reported that his comrades were some miles distant in the des- ert country, dying of starvation. [.lohu A.] Sutter instantly loaded a few of his best mule!) with provrsions, and despatched iliem to flie re- lief of the |)erishing baixl, under the tr|||(hince of two Indians, 'j'lie starving parly wiw so large Ihat the supplies were insulllcient. After ( onsuming the provisions, they killed the mules and ate them : then they killed the two Indians and devoured them ; and even after that, when some of Iheir own numbei' fell e.vliausted, lliey ale them. — ('v( i.orKDiA ok Mioo., p. 524. il6N0. HURRICANE, Ominous, I ion a parte. At St. Helena, . . . on the oih of .May, 1H21, died Napoleon Bonaparte. ... A hurricane swept over the island as he was dying, shaking houses to their foundalion and tearing up the largest trees. We cannot avoid thinking of the similar phenomenon that attended the death of (!rom well. . . . To Najioleon the war of the elements .seemed as if " {\w noi.se of battle hurlled in the air," and he died uttering the words, I'ete d' Ar- w(V'. — Knkiiit's Fn(i., vol. 7, cli. 10. a6W I. HUSBAND, Dignity of the. Apr the III ndiition. ] I'nder William's personal govern- ment Parliament di.scus.sed the (piestion of the future rulers of the realm,] Tin; prince, true to his promise that he would leave the .settlement of the governnient to the (."onviintioii, had muiii Inined an impenetrabh; reserve, and had not suf- fered any word, look, or gesture, indicative either of satisfaction or of displeasure, to escape him. One of his countrymen, who had a large share of his contidence, liad been invited to tlie meet- ing, and was earnestly jiressed by the peers to give them .some information. He long excu.sed hiin.self. At last he so far yielded to their urgency as to say, " I can only guess at his Iligline.ss' mind. If you wish to know what I guess, I guess that he would not like to be his wife'fi gen- tleman usher ; but I know nothing." " I know .something now, however," said Danby. " I know enough, and too much." — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 10, p. 501. 26M2. HUSBAND, A good. Caio t/ie Cemor. lie used to .say that they who beat their wives or children laid their sacrilegious hands on tlu; most sacri'd things in the world ; and that he lirel'erred the character of a good husband to that of a great senator. — Plitakcii's Cato. 26M3. HUSBAND governed by Wife. Gex>rge II. In C^ueeii Caroline George [II.] for ten years of his reign had such an adviser and friend lis few .sovereigns have ever been blessed with. She possessed the rare wisdom — ditticult even in private life, but far more difluuilt in the relations of a king and bis consort — of governing her hus- band without appearing to govern. She never offered an opinion when any matter of State was di.scussed between the king and his ministers in her presence ; but her opinion was ever certain to prevail. — Knkjht's Eno., vol. 6, ch. 4, p. 59 26S4. HUSBAND vs. Lover, queen. Elizabeth. Among those who chiefly distinguished them selves in these Spanish ex])editions was tlie young Earl of E.s.sex, a nobleman of great courage, foiul of glory, and of a most enterpri.sing disposition. He posse.s.sed no less the talents of a warrior than of a finished courtier ; yet his impetuosity was a])t to exceed the bounds of prudence. He was haughty and utterly impatient of advice or con- trol. Elizabeth, then almost sixty years of age, IILSIJAND— IIYPOCHISV. :iio WUN smitttMi with tlic |H'i'N()iiiil cliariiiHof tliisiic- coiiiplislicd youth ; lor it was peculiar to tlu' ({Urcii, that thoii^di hIic had always rcjcclcd a liushuiid, she was passionately I'oikI of haviii;? a lover. I'lie tlattery of her courtiers iiad persuad- ed her that. tlii)u;;h wrinlcled and even deform- ed, siie was yet youu^ and lieautiful ; and she was not seiisihle of any disparity of choosin;; Kssex for her partner in all the masks at court. — Tytlkii's IIist., IJook (I, eh. 2H, p. '.Wfi. 'iVMA. HUSBAND, Preoedenoe of. iiiii/n »/./riiiiis II. (ilis daujfhter Mary was wife of \Villiam of Oraii^fe, who drove .lames from tlw throne. 1 On the present occasion, however, she judired that the claim of .lames to her oliedience ou^ht to yield to a claim mon; sacred. And, indeed, all divines and uid)licistsa>^ree in this, that when the daughter ol a prince of one country i.s mar- rieil to a |)rin(!e of anothercountry, she is hound to forj^et her own people and her father's house, and, in tlu; event of a rupture hetween her hus- hand and her i)arents, to side with her hushand. This is the undouhtecl ride even when the hus- hand is in th(^ wronfi ; and to Mary the enterprise which William meditated ai)peared not ()idyju.st, but holy. — M.V(aiii,.\y's Eno., ch. tt, p. 880. 26«tt. HUSBAND, Servitude of. BdmiriuH. [After his conquests of Italy and hi.s victory over the Persian) Belisarius repo.sed from Ins toils in the hif^h station of general of the East ami count of the domestics ; and the older con- suls and patricians respectfully yielded the prec- edency of rank to the peerless merit of tht- first of the Komans. The first of the Komans still sid)mitted to be the slave of his wife. [See more lit No. 1949.]— GiiinoN's Komi;, ch. 4:5, p. 20!J. a«Sr. HUSBAND, A vicious. Of Mary Qweii of iScoU. The consort of Mary nnide an ill re- turn to her affection ; he was ii weak man, an abandoned protligate, and addicted to the mean- est of vices. Pleased as she had been at first with his person and external accomplishments, it was impossible that her affection should not at length have giv(;n place to disgust at a char- acter so worthless and despicable ; and Darnley, enraged ut her increasing coldness, wa.s taught to believe that he was supplantt^l in the queen's affections by the arts and insinuations of a favor- ite — a despicable one indeed — the musician Kiz/io, whom Mary bad promoted to the otHce of her secretary. ... A new plot was devi.sed by Morton and Lethington, of which the weak and vicious Daridey was made an active instrument. The (jueen was then far advanced in her preg- nancy, when, as she was one evening at supper in a i)rivate apartment of her i)alace, along with the Counte.ssof Argyle, while her secretaryKizzio and some other of her domestics were in waiting, the Earl of Morton, with one hundred and sixty men, took possession of the palace ; a few ruffians in arms broke into the apartment, Darnley him- self showing the way by a private staircase ; they overturned the fable at which the queen sat, and seizing the secretary liizzio, who clung for protection ',o the garments of his mistress, they stabbed him to the heart, and thence dragging him into the ante-chamber, laid him deailwith numbe'less wounds. — Tytlek's Hist. , Book (J, ch. 28, p. 886. 36§§. HUSBANDRY, Changes by. Caliph Omar. He r«quested tliat his lieutenant would plac«' Ix'fore hi.i eyes the realm of Pharaoh .ind the Amalekites ; and the answer of Amrou c\ hibits a lively and not unfaithful picture of thai singidar <'ountry. " () commander of Ihefailh ful, Egypt is a compound of black earth ajid green plants bet ween a pulverized nioiuitain and a red sand. . . . According to the vici.ssitiides of the seasons, the face of the cnimlry is adorned with a «///■rofession ; and his out- look was altogether dark. It yielded to the rem- edies towhichhypochondria usually yields — air, exerci.se, sunshine, cheerful society, congenial occupation. It came with Jai:uary and went with May. — Smith's Cowpku, ch. 1. 2602. HYPOCRISY, Brazen. Pope Adrian VL [After the capture of Rome by the emperor no IIYPOCRIHV-IDKAS OIiailcN V. Ilu'l liclnlcHs pope wiis trt'iilcd with croHs indignity, anil cloNcly inipriMimi'd in llic ("iiHtlc of iSl. An>;cl(). ChailcM, with ^{lolcHqiic hypocriny, profcsHfd the deepest distress at liie luisl'ortiities of tlielioly t'atlier, and onleicd piili lie pniyers in all tlie cliiirelies of Spain I'oi- Ids delivcranee. — Stii>i:nt.s' Fkanci;, eii. 14, ^ 10. tli,a),,irtr. [In H;;ypt lie s«)iii,dil to eoneiiiate tlie people l»v pid)liHliinK ;| " We Kren<'liin<'n are true Miissiil- inaiiH. I lave not we destroyed the p;hts nf Malln because these niadnieti U'lieved that God hitd called them to make war upon Mussul mans?" After olitainini; possession of Cairo, " ' Tlie Favorite of N'ictory ' was seated in the prand mos(|ue at the Kensi of the I'rophets, sit linp cn)ss-l('pp<'d as he repeated the words of tlu! Koraiii and editled the sacred college by his piety."— KNroiiT's Kno., vol. 7, ch. '20, p. !jr>4. aittOI. HYPOCRISY expoied. ClmrliK II, Two papers, in which were set forth very concisely tlie arguments ordinarily used by Roman Cuth- nlics in controversy witfi Protestants, had been found in Charles's Htrong-l)ox, and appeared to be in his handwritir.g, Thes(! papers James sliowed triumphantly to several Protestants, and declared tliat, to his'knowledpe, his brother had lived and died a Koman Catholic. One of tlu; [HTsoiis to whom the mami.scripts were exhibited was Archbishop Sancroft. lie read them with much emotion, and remained silent. Huch si- lence was only the natural effect, of a strupj,dc between res|)('ct and vexation. — Ma('.\ii,.vv's EN(i.,ch. «, p. 41. 36!>». HYPOCRISY in Friendship. Diih-K Or- Icdiin — Jiiirf/inidi/. These rivals pave every out- ward token of restored contldence and anuty, even sharini; the .same couch at nipht ; but the ex- treme care which each bestowed in fortifyinp his hotel, and puardinpapainst surprise, bet raycn the deep distrust concealeil beneath the mask of rec- onciliation. — Stuuknth' Fhanck, ch. 11, $i 7. a604{. HYPOCRISY invited. PiiriMnx. One of the first resolutions a(iopted by Uarebones' Parliament, the most inten.sely Puritanical of all our jiolitical a.ssemblies, was that no person should be admitted into the pulilic .service till the House should be Hati.sfied of Ids real godli- ness. What were then considered as the signs of real godliness, the .sad-colored dre.ss, the sour look, the .straight hair, the nasal wliine, the speech interspersed with quaint texts, thealihor- rence of comedies, cards, and hawking, were enyily counterfeited by men to whom all relig- ions were the same. The sincere Puritans soon found themselves lo.st in a multitudt , not mere- ly of men of the world, but of the very worst sort of men of the world. — MAtAii.Av'sENO., ch. 2, p. 15.5. 2097. HYPOCRISY, Religious. Dnh'H (Meaiix — Burgundy. On the 20th of November, 1407, the two cousins heard ma.ss and partook of the holy .sacrament together at the (rliurch of the Augu.stins. Never was there a blacker instance of sacrilegious liypocrisy At the very moment when he thus profaned the mo.st solemn rite of Chri.stianitv, Jean sans Peur liad deliberately doomed his enemy to a bloody and violent death. — Students' Fkanck, ch. 11, J^ 7. !I69W, . lioiiiini I'hilitHofihirii. View ing with a smile of pity and indulgence tlH> various errors of the vulgar, they diligenlly practised the ceremonies of their fathers, devout Iv frei|Ueiited the temples of the gods, and some times ('(indescending to act a part on the theiiiie of superstition, they <'oncealed theseiitiinentM of an atiieist under the sacerdotal rolH's. Ucason- CIS of such a teiii|ter were scarcely inclined lo wrangle about their respective modesof faith or of worship. It was indilTereiit to them what shape the folly of the multitude might chr)oseto assume ; and they approiiihed with tlu! .sanii' in- ward contempt aial the .siuiie external rever- ence the altars of the liibyan, the Olympian, or the ('a|iiloline .lupiler. — Oiiiiion'h Uo.vik. ch. 'J, I.. :<7. a0. HYPOCRITE, Epitaph of the. (htek EnijHror. [The Kmperor Alexius was by the clergy esteemed a Christian. I Hut the sincerity of his moral and religious virtues was suspected by the persons who had pas.sed their lives in his familiar contldeiue. In his last hours, when he was pres.sed by his wife Irene to alter the succes- sion, he raised his head, and breathed a pious ejaculation on tin- vanity of this world. The in- dignant replj' of the empress may be inscribed as an epitaph on his tomb : " You die, a> you have lived — A iiYrociiiTii !" — Giuhon's Ho.mk. ch. 48, p. «20. arOI. IDEAS, Penalty for. ,/<^/( /< Milton. Proud, reserved, self-contained, reju'llent, brood- ing over his own ideas, not easily admitting into his mind the ideas of others. It is indeed an erroneous estimate of Milton to attribute to liim a hard or au.stere nature. He had all the (juick .sensibility which belongs to the i)oetic temiiera- ment, and longed to be loved that liemiglit love again. Hut he had to pay the penalty of all who Ix'lieve in their own ideas, in that their ideas come between them and the persons that ap- ])roach them, and constitute a mental barrier which can only be broken down by .sympathy. And sympathy for ideas is hard to find, just in projiortion as those ideas are profound, far-reach- ing, the fruit of long study and meditation. Hence it was that Milton did not as.soci(Ue read- ily with his contemporaries, but was affable and instructive in conversation with young persons, and those who would approach him in the atti- tude of disciples. — Pattison's Milton, ch. 11. \3 IDLKNKSS-KJN'OHANCK. yci ilTOil. IDLENESS, Burden of, Sii.irtoiiH. The ill>>il>ilt 1111(1 illlH li\l' litV III' till' S|IMI'lllllS WIIH ll<'- (■iirilin;,'ly ii pi'iiti'liial siilijni of rnilli'iy to llir rest of llir Ori'fks, mikI to iioik' nioi'r timii lo lln* liii^y, iCHllcss, iiliii voliUili' Aliu'iiiaiiM. To lliis iiiii'iiovi' .Kliiiii iiw'iitloiiH a willlcisni of A lei iiiailfx. xvh, II sonic J70:i. IDLENESS puniihed. Iti'fiunni. Stiinlv liruir.irs , . . sliMJI III' set at work at the kiii'j's (■hur;:i'>'. soinr I'l Dover, anil Noine al llie iilace where the W'n'.er hath lirokeii In on Hie laiiil, anil other more I'laces. Then if they fail lo iilleni'ss, the idk'r shall lie had Itefore a justice of the pi ace and his fanll written ; llieii if he he taken idle auain in another place, he shall lie known where his dwelling is, so at t lie second mcniion he shall lie liiirncd in Ihe hand ; and if he fail the third time he shall die for it. |lii ITililt it was wlii])pinK tor the llrst olTence, whipping for the second otTence, aiid| the iijiper part, of the gristle of the right ear clean cut olT. (For the third olVeiice, iinprisonincnt in the iail,| and al the next (|iiarter sessions, if indicted of wander- ing, loitering, and idleness, and found guilty, '• he shall have judgment to snlTer pains uikI execution of deal has a felon and as an enemy of tlicCominonweiilth." — Knioiit's K.N(i.,vo1. 'i. ch. -n. p. 842. tITO'l. . AthiiiM. It was a punish- alile crime at. Athens to lie idle, and every citizen wius coinix'lled to industry and to the utmost ex- ertion of his talents. It was not enough that each should choose himself a particular iirofcssion. The court of Areopagus iiupiired intoaiul ascer- tained the (>xtenl of his finids, thcMimount of his expenditure, and consecpiently the measure of his iiidustrv and economy. — Tyti-kiih Hist., Hook 1, ch. I'O, p. 108. 2170.5. IDOL, A helpless, nrnhniin. The pa- goda of Sumnat was situate on the iiromontory of .f Chiirlixll. Divines will) were the boast of the uiiis'ersilies and the delight of the capital . . . leaned toward constitutional |)rinciples of gov. eminent, lived on friendly terms with I'res bvlerians, Independents, and Haptists, would gladly have seen a full toleration granted to all I'rotestaiil sects, and would even have consent- ed to make alterations in the Liturgy for the purpose of conciliating honest and candid Non- conformists. Hut such latitudinarianisin was held in horror by the country parson. He was, in- deed, prouder of his ragged gown than hissupcv riorsof their lawnand of theirscarlel hoods. 'I he very consciousness that there was Utile in his worldly circumstances to distinguish him fnnii the villagers to whom he preached, led him to liold immoderately high Ihe dignity of that .sa- cer(h)lal ofllce which was his single title to rever- ence. — .M.\('aiii..\y's Kno., ch. ;{, p. ;{10, tl70M. lONOBANCE confessed. Saniini Jofin- sDii. A few of his detinitions must be admitted to be erroneous. ... A lady once asked him how be came to detine J'dnieni the knee of a horse : instead of making an elaborate defence, as she expected, he at once answered, " Igno- rance, inadaiu, i)nre ignorance." [Author of Dictionary, etc.] — Hohwem.'h .Johnson, p. 71). •J709. IGNORANCE, Folly of. WcM lndi,i,)n. They gave their own island of ILtyli priorit)' of existence over all others, and believed that the sun and moon originally issued out of a cavern in the island to give light to the world. This cav- ern still exists, about seven or eight leagues from Caiie Friiii(;ais, now Cape Haytien, and is known by the name of La Voute a, Minguel. It is about one hundred and llfly feel in (h'i)tli, and nearly Uie same in hei/rbt, but very narrow. It receives no light but from the entrance, and from a round hole in the roof, whence il was said the sun and moon issued forth Intake their places in the sky. — luviNd's Com Mills, Hook (5, ch. 10. 27IO. IGNORANCE, General. J{>'if/)iof(!/iiirl'-n II. The clergy had also lost the ascendency which is the nalural reward of superior mental cultivation. Once the circumstance that a man could read had rai.sed a presumption that he wa.s ill orders ; but in an age which proiluced such lay- mt'U a.'j Willium Cecil ami Nicholas Bucon, Hoget Si'i KJNOUANCR. r Atchimi iiml TlnmiMM Smltli, Walter .Mildniiiy nnil KriiiiclM \Viilsiiii;|ii)ni, tliirr wuh no miHuii for ('iklliii>; iiwiiy |iri'liiti's rinin llirir tliiiriscM lo nr^oliikU' iri'iktii'M, to Miiiu'riiiUtiil the llnuncfM, or loiuliiiini.sUir JiiKllct'.— Macai'i.ay'h KNt»., cli. !J, iiril. IGNORANCE, Osographioal, ('>ii>t (;iii<'kiiliomiiiy iCivcr. It wmm ^I'licially Ix'tirvnl liy IIk' pcoplr of .liiiiii'slowii that liy K'>'' Iliis xtrcaiii tliry could rcacli tlir I'acltIr Ocnin. Siiiltli knew well I'liciiiifli till' aliMiirillty of such Hit opliiioii, lull hiiinori'it it Ih'cuiisc of the op nortiiiiity it j,'avc him to explore new tcrrilory. The reHl'iiiii;lit (ti;; iiiiau;liiMry i;<>l*<»l hunt ry an U. s. map Ihe I'oiirs*' of tliii river. — UiiirATiiH eh. W. p. IN) tiri'i. IGNORANCE, Impodimonti of. Colm,, thin, I'lMie eoiiiiHcllors of the Kill;; of Spain iiriici a;,'ainsi u westward voyage of discovery. | Tie' (loetriiie of antipodes, . . . ineoiii|)ali^ile with the historical foundations of our faitli, . . . would he to maintain thai there were nations not di- Nceniled from Adam ; ... in Ihe l'salm.s Ihe heav- I'lis are said to lie exiended liki' a hide -thai is, ■ . . eoveriiii.; of alenl ; . . , lliey lirou;,dil up the chimera . . . of Ihe insupporlalile Ileal of Ih ■ torrid zone. . . . Kveii j^rantinu; this could he passed, tlu'y observed that the circumference of the earth must he so;;real as to recpiirc at least, three years to the voyai,'e, and lliose who shoulil undertake it must perish of hunger and IliirsI, from Ihe impossihility of carryin;; pr()visi()iis for so hail,' a period, lie was told, lai the aulhority of Hpii'uriis, that admiltiiiu: Ihe earth to li ' spherical, it was only inhahilahlein the iiortheni hemispliere, and in that section only was cano pied liy th(^ heavens; that Ihe opjiosiie half was a chaos, a ^ulf. or a mere waste of water. Not the least ahsurd ohjection advanced was, ih;ii Nhould a ship even succeed in reachiiiii', in this way, Ihe extremity of India, slie could m'\er iicl hack a^f.iin ; for the rotundity of the u:lol)c would present a kind of mountain, up which il would he imp(is-;il)le for herlosail willi the most favor ahle wind, — luviNo's ("<»m:miu's, Hook 2, eh. ;{. ar I :». IGNORANCE, Lois by. A,'// ,// p t i a n i*. While sucli was the state of alTairs in the Kast, the Venetiaii-t, who had hitherto eni,'rossed the whole trade from India, hy means of the I{<'d Sea and thi' port of Alexandria, .soon perceived that this most lucrative commerce wan on Ihe point of anniliilatioii, and that every advanlaLTc of the Indian trade must now he transferred to the I*oilu;j;uese. Various c.xix'dient.s were Ihouirhl of to ohviate tli(!S(! impendiiiii misfortunes It was tile interest of the Sultan of Eirypt to concur with tile Venetians in sui>port of a trade from which lu! as well a.s thev liadch'rived ijreat lien- elils. A plan was meditated for some time of cutting' tlirou.i,di the Isllimus of Sui'/,. and tlius joining the Mediterranean and liie Ked Sea ; hnt tlie Ejjyptians were iippreliensivo tliat their low and liat country mij^lit bo drowned alto;,'etiier in tiiis attenii)t, an(i tlierefore the i)roject was aliandoned. [ad. 151,s.) — Tvti.kh's Hiht., Hook 6, ell. IH, p. 270. 37 11. IGNORANCE vs. Negligence. Smnud Jo/ui-wn. [At school.] 3Ir. iluiiter, the head- master, accordiii'.' lo Ills account. " wii.s very severe, and « roii); headedly severe, lie iiM'd, ' said he, ' to beat us uiimeiVifully : and lie did not disiin^riiish iN'lween ignorance and nc^ liKciiec ; for he W(Miid Im'iiI a boy e((Uitlly for not knowing; a tiling, iim for lu'^lo'liiifx lo Know il, lie wduld link a iNiy a iiueMlioii, and if ho did not answer it he wiiiild beat liim, wllhiait coiisiilerin;; whether he had an opitorluiilty of knowing'- how lo answer il. For Instance, he would call up a boy and ask liini Latin for a candlestick, which the boy could not ex|iect lo li«' asked, .Now, sir, if a boy could answer every (piestion there Would be iio need of a inasler lo leach him, lloswKi.i.H JoiiNKON, p. 7, 471.1. IGNORANCE, Night of. h'n'/l.iml. Alter I he example of ( liiirlema^ne, the Kn^lisii .\ It red, posicriia' to liim nboiil fifty years, intriMliiced auioiii; the An^lo Saxons a taste for litcnilure, of wlii<'h he himself, a most aecomplished char- acler, poss.'ssed a remarkable sliare, lie en- courii;red learninjf, not only by liisown example, but by founding seminaries and rewiirdinv Ihe labors of inp'iiious men. iiut lliese favorable appearances were blasted no less by the iniio- raiice and barbarism of his successors than by Ihe continual disordei'Hof Ihe kin;;dom from th(> Danish incursions ; and from Ihe aire of .\lfred lo the Norman ciuiipiest there wa.s in Knirlatid a loiiu' ninlit of the most illiberal ij;n"/> of .\> ir nixl/i. I'I'lie Duke of Newcastle, tllC! Secretary of Ihe Treasurv under (Jcorire II., was an ii,'no- rant ollicial.J 'lie had heard that :t(),()OI) i-'rench had marched loCape Hreton. " Where di 'ley net IransporiK?" was asked. "Transports -d lie I " I tell you they marched by land. land lo the island ofCape Hrelon I" " \\ is Cape Hreton an island '!" It was pointed out on llie map; and the deli/riited minister, liiiir;:'in;^ his informant, c.jaculaled, " Kj^ad I I'll ^n di- rectlv and tell the kiii^ thai Cape Hreton is an island."— K.NHiirr'H Enl/,r of Xdrriml/r. For nearly four and twenty years he reiiinined iiiini'sler for Hritish America ; yet to the last Ihe statesman who was so deeplv versed in the statistics of elections knew little of tlie con- tinent of which he was the guardian. Head- dressed letiers, il used to be contideiitly said, to " Iht island of New Fiifjland," and could not teli but that .Jamaica was in the Mediterranean. Heaps of colonial memorials and letters I'cmain- cd unread in hisolllce; and a paper was almost sure of ne.Lflecl unless noineaiiciit remained with him to see it opened. — Hanchoft'h U. S., vol. 4, ch. 1. i27IM. IGNORANCE, Professional. Non/. Most of the shi|)s which were afloat were commanded h\' men who had not luu'ii bred to the sea. . . . (treat fleets had been intru.sted to the direction of Iliipert and Monk ; Rupert, who was re- nowned chiefly a.s a hot and dariiiir cavalry oflicer, and Monk, who, when he wanted his sliij) to tack lo larboard, moved the mirth of his crew by eallin<; out, " Wheel to the left I " Hul about this time wi.sc men bei^an to perceive thai the rapid improvement, both of the art of war and of the art of navi^ition, made it necessary to draw a line between two professions wliicii KJNOKANCK— n.M'STIlATIONS. .Ti;i bad llillll'itu liri'll ruliliillllili'tl. -.M.\t Ari.AV'i* KN«l.,rli. !(, |i ,';i) tfTlft. lONORANCE rtmovid. K n ropfii n ». " Willi (Mild iliiiii;ilir.' siiy-, M, (;n>^url. " lllii( tllilt ili^'i'iiJiiiiM |ii'ii|i|i' III wliixii Kiiropr is Itiilclil- l'j;()ver and over the passaf,'e of tlie Bible which de( iires that .loslitia eoniinanded tlie sun mid moon to stand still, mid they olieyed hin). in vain Galileo reiniiid(Hl them that the itiltle also Hiiys tliat the heavens are solid and are polished like a mirror i '" brass ; in vain ho pointed oiii that Uie. Imi;riia;re of tho Bible is invariably eon- foruKMl to the stale of .seieiice at tlie lime when it was written. Tlie assendtled priests only shruir- >ted thcirHlioulders at his reasoning;, or interrupt- ed him with derisive mid contemptuous hIiuuIs. — (Jy(!I,oi'i;i)ia oi' Bioo., p. 'idU. aril4. lONOHANCE, Sapentition of. Aiiwiilx. The ancients, who had a very faint and imper- fect kiiowledj^c! of the j^real lU'iunsula of Africa, were .sometimes teini)led to believe that the tor- rid zone nuisl ever remain dcslilute of inlmb- itants ; and they sometimes amused their fancy by llllin;; the viicmit sptici; with headless men, or rather monsK^rs ; with horned and clov(!ii-footed satyrs ; with fabulous centaurs, and with human pyjjmies, wlio waj^'cd a bold and doubtful war- fiirea^fiiinst the cranes. — Giiuion's Uo.mk, e way and the nIiiIc of llit'ir rill lilies : mid niicIi wiih llie stu- pidity of llie pi'iiple. Ihiit, III llie xitdil of Ilie first cily or ensile bevoiid Ihe limits of their kiioMl edge. Ihey Were reail_\ In ask vvhellur that was nol the .It'rusiilein, the lerm and objei t of ijuir labors.— Giiiiin.NM Komi;, ch. r»s, p. ,VtV' 4735. ILLEGITIMACY reipected. HV///„mM« Ciiiiiiiii inr. Il iipprmcd In I'ldwrnd ii.ore iid- vlsalile to iiiiiiiiiiiile for his succes«iir Vlllimn, Miike of .Niiriiimidy, ii prince wliose powi i , repii- lulion, mid ;{real abilities were Niijllrient to sup port any destination which lie iniglit iiinke in his favor. This celebrated prince was ihc naliiral son of Uobert, Diikeof .Nornimidv. Ii.\ ilie daugh- ter of a furrier of KalaiNe. Illeglliinni y in IhoMf days Was iiccounled no slain, and lil^ iulhcrleft him, while yel a minor, lull lo his w hole doiiiin ions, ill' had loslruggle with an mroifanl nobil- ily, s<'veral of whom even advamed claims to Ills crown ; but he very curly showed a getiiuH capable of asserting and vindlcaling his rights, mid soon became Ihe terror bolliof hi^ icbellioUH subiecis and of foreign iinadeis. — 'i'vri,i';it'H Hist., Book 0, ch. .1, p. 115. 3730. ILLITERACY comp«niated. r,./. Will idiii W'lm/iiiK/toii. |('oloii('l Tarliloii \\Msnmdc a prisoner with Cornwallis' ariiiy. | Because of his cruel and reseiilful disposilion he was most hi'iirlily despised by the repuliliiaiis. . . . Tiirleton spoke of Washiiiglon as an illiterate fellow, hardly able to write his nmiic. " .\li, colo- nel," said Mrs. .Iouch, "you oiiglil In know bet- ter, for you bear on your jiersoii proof lliat he knows very well /imr to miikr Inn murk." [He had been .severely wounded in his hand | — NttTK IN Ct'STIs' WAsillMiTON, Vol. 1, (II. tl. 3737. ILLUSTRATION by Analogy. I!n: Sain- ntl JoliiiKoii. .lohiison prepand a reply to his as.sailmits, in wliich he drew an cialiiirale par- allel between Julian and .lamo, llicii Duke of York, .hilian had during many year- inelend- ed lo abhor idoliilry, while in liearl an idolater. Julian had, to serve' a turn. o< casioiially atVecled_ respect for Ihe rights of ((mscience. .lulian had imnished cities which were zeidoii^ for the true religion, by taking away tin ir niuniiipal jirivi- leges. Julian had, by his llallereis, licen called the Just, .lames was provoked beyond endu- rance. Johnson was prosecuted for a liliel, con- victed, and condemned lo a tine, w liicli he had no means of iniying. He was, Iheicldre, kept in Jail ; and it seemed likely llial hi"- conline- meht would end only with his life. — .M.u aiu.av's E.No., ch. «. 373«. ILLUSTRATION, Information by, P'tinU iiKj. One step farther in this process is the ex- l)ression of ideas liy painting. When the Span- iards arrived in .Mexico, the inhabitants of llu; .sea-coasts .sent inlelligence lo their emperor, Mon- tezumii, by a huge cloth, on which they had care- fully depicted everything they had seen of the appearance and jirogre.ss of the invaders. — Tvr- i.Kit's Hist., Book 1, ch. 3, p. 26. 3739. ILLUSTRATIONS, Use of, Ahrahaiu Lincoln., ^luch has been said of Mr. Lincoln's habit of telling stories, and it could scarcely Im^ exaggerated, lie had a keen sen.se of the humor- ous and the ludicrous, and relished jokes and anecdotes for the amusement they afforded him. Bui story-telling was with him rather ii mode of pp 1' DSS su IMAOK— IM.VOIXATIOX. Htiitinu: Miiil il lust rat iii.i; factH mid opinions limn aiiylliiii;; else. 'I'licrc isii ifi'oit (litTi'irncc anion^ TiKin in till' manner ol' expressing; their tlioufjhts. Home are riijidiy exact, and 'Xivv everythinj^they w.y V. iojjical form ; others exjjress tiiemseives in Hjjiires and liy illustrations drawn from nature or iiistory. Mr. I^incoln often ^ijavecK-arnessand f()rc<' to ids ideas by pertinent anecdotes and il- lustrations drawn from daily life. — Uaymonu's Lincoln, ch. 21, p. 7'H). 'i740. IMAGE, Supernatural. Tmaur of (Jlivint. 'I'll.' perfect impression of 1 lis face on a piece of inen. | The iman'e of Kdessa was preserved with respect and ifiatilude ; and if tin- Armenians re- j(!cte(l till,' l(!i;end, the more creihiious Oreeks adored the similitudes, which was not, tlxi work of any mortal pencil, but the inun(!diate creation of the divine orii^inal. The style and sentiments of a iiyzantine hynm will declare how far their worship wasreu>oved from the j^rossest idolatry. " How can we with mortal ey<'H contemplate this imai,'e. whose celestial sphsndor the host of heav- en presumes not to behold ? He who dwells in heaven colld(^scen(ls this day to visit us by His V(!nerah!c ima^jje ; He who is .seated on the cheru- bim visits us thi.-' day by a picture, which the Father has delineated with His immaculate hand, which W: has formed in an ineffable manner, and which we .sanctify by adorini^ it with fear and love." Before the end of the.sixtli century these images, nnulr witlwitt haiuh (in Greek it is a sin- gle word), were propagated in the eanip.s and cit- ie.s of the East(;rn em])ire ; they were the obj(!Cts of worship and the instruments of miracles ; antl in the hour of ilanger or tumult their venerable presence could revive the hope, rekindle the courage, or repress tlu; fury of the Roman le- gions. — Umjuon's Uo.mk, ch. 4!), p. 0. arJll. IMAGES in Churches. .ID. 800. The jjublic religion of tl'(! early C/'athoiics was vmi- formly .simph; and .spiritual ; and the first notice of the u.se of pictures i.s in the censure of the council of Illiberis, three hundred years after the Christian era. At first the experiment was made with caution and scruple, and the venerable pict- ures were di.screcstly allowed to instruct the ig- norant, to awak(!n the cold, and to gratify the prejudices of the heathen pr'>selytes. By a .slow tliough inevitable |)rogressioii the honors of the original were transferred to the co])y; the devout Christian pra^'cd before the; image of a .saint ; and the Pagan rite.s of genuficiction, luminarii!s, and incense again stole into the Catholic Church. The scruple.s of rea.son or piety were silenced by the strong evidence of visions and miracles ; and tht! pictures which speak and move anil bleeil must be endowed with a divine energy, and nia> be considered as the proper objects of religious adoration. . . . The use and even the worshii) of images was firmly established before the end of the sixth century. . . . The first intro- duction of .symbolic worship was in the venera- tion of tlieca'ossand of relics. — Gihuon's Ko-mk, ch. 49, p. 2. 2732. IMAGES, Worship of. A.D. 843. I shall only notice tiie judgment of the bishops on the coni[>arative merit of image-woi-ship and morality. A monk had concluded a truce with the demon of fornication, on condition of inter- nipting hi.s daily prayers to a picture that hung la his cell. His scruples prompted lam to con- sult IIk' abbot. " Hatlierthan abstain {nm\ ador- ing Christ and His .Mother in their holy inniges, it would be belter for you," replied \\w casuist, "to enter every brothel and visit every pros- titiite in the citv." — CiniioNH Kome, ch. 4i), p. !{H. 2r3:i. IMAGINATION, Active. /iiiKi/ini. He saw evil spirits in monstrous slia])cs, and tiend.s blowing llames out of their nostrils. "Once," .says a 'aographer who kn<'W him well, and had heard liie story of his visions from his own li|)s, " he (ireamehenomena of sleep. . . . ^Irs. Shelley informs us that the mere elTort to remember dreams of thrilling or mysteri- ous imitort .so disturbed his nervous system that he had to reliiKpiish the task. At no period of his life was he wholly free from visions which iiad the reality of facts. Sometimes they occurred in sleei>, and were prolonged with painful vivid- ness into his waking moments. Sometimes they seemed to grow out of his inten.se mediiation, or to present tlu'iiiselves before his eyes as the pro- jection of a ])owerful inner impres.sion. All his .sensations were abnormally acute, and his ever- active imagination confused the borderlands of the actual and the visionary. — Sv.monds' Shei,- Li.;v, ch. 4. IMAGINATION— IMMOUTAF.ITY 325 arar. imagination, Uisled by the. IliKlori- mu>. 'I'll*' iiiiairiiiatioii is a j;rt'at (Icccivcr. We liavc! a curious cxainplc of lliis irulli in the dil- fercnt accounls wiiicli have conic (lowu to us rc- spt'ctiii;;Uica|)i)caraiicc of (iciicral VVasliinirloii. JoHiah Quiiicy ami his wife l)otli saw (liis illus- trious nmn, and holli W(!rc persons of eminent intelli Polo as lying opiiosite Cathay, in the Chinese sea, and he construed everything to accord with the account given of those ojiulent regions. Thus the enemies which the natives spoke of .is com- ing from the north-west he concluded to be the peojile of the mainland of Asia. — Ikvino's Co- i.UMiii's, Hook 4, ch. 1. 2743. IMITATION, Fameless. Feninm-e Coo- per. He had never given any indication of pos- sessing a talent for literature. ... He was read- ing aloud to his wife one of those tedious and trivial English novels which were so common before Scott and Cooper supplanted them. Weary of tli(> s]iiritle.ss delineation ot inane char- acters, he said to his wife, with a yawn, " I can write a better novel than that myself." ..." You had better try," replied she, and thought no more of it. It was a liapjiy and a timely sug- gestion. He was young, energetic, with plenty of ambition, and nothing to do. Without tell- ing even his wife of his intention, lie began to write a novel, which he named " Precaution," and which, after a few weeks of secret toil, he had the jileasure of submitting W his wife's in- spection, and reading it to a (-ircle of fric nds. It is a curious thing, but he produced merely a loierable imitation of the very kind of novel with which h(! had been .so much disgusted. . . . This partial failure was the event which roused him to a consciousness of his abilities. He now abandoned English models, and formed the .scheme of jiroducing a .story of American life, a tale of the Kevolution — the classic period in tii»! history of the infant nation. The " Spy" was the result of his labors — the first and greatest of a class of novels now to he numbered by thou- sands. — Cvci,oi'i;i)i.\ (»F Bioc, p. 73.T 2744. IMITATION unappreciated. \.rt. [Age- .silaus, the Lacechemonian king,] .)eing asked to go to hear a man who mimicked the nightin- gale to great iwrfection, he refused and said, " I have heard the nightingale herself. "—Plu- TAKCU'S AciKSILAl'S. 2745. IMMORTALITY, Belief in. Poet Shelley. Whatever Shelley may from time to time have said about the immortality of tlie soul, he was no materiali.st, and no believer in the extinction of the spiritual element by death. Yet he was too wi.se to dogniatii'.e upona jiroblem which by its very nature admits of no solution in this world. " I hope," he said, " but my hopes are not un- mixed with fear for what will bcfail this inesti- mable sjiirit when we appear to die, " On another occasion he told Trelawny, " I am content to see no farther into futurity than Plato and Bacon. Mj' mind is tranquil ; I have no fears and some hopes. In our present gross material state our ( 32*3 IMMOirrALITV— I.Mi'OSITIOX. 111 III . ffl faciiltifs iiH! expire of lnin<^er upon the body of its inasti In order that lie should I)C furnished witli liis lal)- itual iii^hi,, ■./■/,■ in the rei^ion to wlucb deatli had iutrodu.ed him. — Ij.vmaktink's Turkey, j). 4(). ar-ir. IMMOETALITY, Hope of. IMcif//!. Sir Walter Ualei^di, tlie night before his deatli, wrote tlicse lines on a blank leaf of his Bible : " E'en sueli is time ; wl.o takes in trust Our youth, our joys, and all we liave, And pays us but with age and dust ; Who in the dark and silent grave. When we have wander'd all our ways, 8iiut.s uj) the story of our da^-s. But from this earth, this grave, tbi.s dust, Tlie [.ord will raise me up, I trust." — Ksioiit's En(4., vol ;5, eh. 24, p. Hid. 274$. IMPATIENCE, Disagreement by. AL.r- ^iiuli'r Ilaiiiiltdii. This impalieiu^e and discontent led finally to a rupture between (Jeneral Wash- ington and his aide-de-camp. . . . Hamilton bim- ^self has related : "Twodaysago. . . tlie general find I ])asse(>. ar«0. IMPOSTOR rewarded. Tittix 0,if(s. A worthless ini|)()st(>r, one Tilus Onles, wiio bad more liiaii on<'(! ebiini^ed iiis reli,i;ion, now set the wbole nation in a ferment by the discoverj' of a pretended i)lot of the Catliolies. He assert- cil tbat the pojx', claiming; tiie soverei^nt}' of Enicr- ily would be true to them.selves in seeking to n;- store the throne after bisdecea.se. He shed tears of joy as he surrendered back the Duke of (ilou- cester to tlie arms of the .jailers. — Lamahtink's Ckomwici.i,, 1). 40. • ar«'l. IMPRISONMENT, Long. John Ihin- yan'H. Such was the world-famous imprisonment of John Hunyan, which has been the subjecl of so much elo()uent declamation. It lasted in :\\\ for more than twelve years. It might have ended at any time if he woidd have pronnsed to con- fine his addresses to a ]>rivate circle. It did end aft(!r six years. He was relea.sed under the first declaration of indulgence ; but as be instantly recommenced bis preaching, be was arrested again. Another six years went by ; he was again let go, and was taken once more immediately after, preaching in a wood. This time he wa.s detained but a few months, and in form more than reality. The policy of the goverimient was then changed, and he was free for the rest of his life. — Fkoiuk's Hunyan, ch. 0. a765. IMPROVEMENT opposed. Elian ll<>,re. Like all the other great inventors, Mr. Howe found that when he had comi)leted bi.s machine his difficulties had but begim. After he bad brought the machine to the point of making a few stitches, lie went to Boston one day to get a tailor to come to Cambridge and arrange some cloth for sewing, and give Ins opinion as to the quality of the work done by the machine. The comrades of the man to whom he first applied dissuaded him from going, alleging that a sew- ing-machine, if it worked well, must neces-sarily reiliice the wbole fraternity of tailors to beg- gary ; and this proved to be the unchangciible conviction of the tailors for tlie next ten years. It is probable that the machines first made would have been destroyed by violence but for another fixed opinion of the tailors, which was. that no machine could be made that would really answer the purpose. — Cyclopedia ok Bioo.. p. 688. a766. IMPROVEMENT repressed. Social. [In the beginning of the eighteenth century] the facilities possessed by the people of pass- ing from one occupation to another occu])a- tion were very linnted, anil the power of what we term rising in the world was equally re- stricted. In the locality in which a lal)orer was born he generally remained to the end of his life. . . . The severe enforcement of the laws of apprenticeship kept a man for- ever in the jiarticilar pursuit for which he had served seven years of drearj- education. — Knkuit's Encj., vol. .5, ch. 4, p. 48. a767. IMPTTLSE, Success by. Si/lla writes in his Connnent^iries tliat his instantaneous resolu- tions and enterprises, executed in a manner dif- ferent from what he had intended, always suc- ceeded better than those on which he bestowed I J INAUOrUATlOX— INCONSISTKNCV. 32{» tlid tnost time iinil forcllmuirht. It iH plain too from tliiit siiyiiitr •>!' I'i'*. Ilml 1"' was Imrii ratlicr I'or fortune tliaii war, lliat, lie iitlrilitilcd nioi'o to fortune tlian to valor. — Pi,i'T.\it(ir's Syi.i.a. ar««. INAUGURATION, Joyful. Wj;ston, who was to administer the oath, on the left. When the chancellor was ahoul to lie;j:in, the secretary of the Senate held up the Hil)le on its crimson cushion ; and while the oath was read, Washinir- ton laid his hand uijon the open hook. When the readint? was finished, he said, with threat so- lemnity of mannei-, " I swear; so help nieOod I" After which he bowed and kis.sed the hook. Tlu! ehancellor then, wavini^ his hand toward the iHiople, cried out, " Loiifj IiveGeori,'e Wash- inj^ton, President of the United States !" — C'v- ci,ori:i)i A OK Hiod., nce. Hut one conviction he had. He int»!:ided, if he was to live at all, to liv(^ mas- ter of himself in matters which belonged to him self. Sylla might kill him if he so pleiixed. It was better to (lit; than to put away a wife who was the mother of his child, niid to marry some other woman at a dictator's bidding. Lift^ on such terms was not worth keeping. — Fkoude's C.KHAIl, ch. 8. ii7M9. INDEPENDENCE necessary. Airhbhh- <>/) Aimiui. The boldness of Anselm's titlitude not only broke the tradition of ecclesiastical .sei-vitude, but infuscnl through the nation at large a new sjiirit of independence. Tlu^ real chara(;ter of the strife appears in the jirimaU'S answer when his remonstrances against the law- less exactions from the church werc! met by a (hfinand for a jiresent on his own promotion, and his first offer of i.WO was (lontempluously re- fused. "Treat me as a free man," An.selm replied, "and I devote myself and all that I have to your service ; but if you treat \\w, as a slave you .shall have neither me nor mine." A burst of the red king's [William] fury drove the archbishop from court, and he finally decided to (juit the country ; but his example liad not b(H!n lo.st, and the close of William's reign found a new spirit of freedom in England with which the greatest of the conqueror's sons was glad to niaketerm.s. — IIisT. OF Eno. Pkoi'i.e, ^ 116. il700.INDEPENDENCE proclaimed. American. On the 7th of June, 1776, Hichard Henry Lee, of Virginia, offered a resolution in Congress declar- ing that the united colonic^s are and of right ought to be free and independent States ; that they are ab.solved from all allegiance to the British crown ; and that all political connection between them and Great Britain is and ought to be dis- solved. A long and exciting debate ensued. . . . On the 1st of July Lee's resolution was taken up, and at the »une time the committee's report was laid before Congress. On the next day the original resolution was adopted. During the 3d the formal declaration was debated with great spirit. . . . The discussion was resumed on the 4th, and at two o'clock in the afternoon of that memorable day the Deci.auation ok Amer- ican Independence was ado|)ted by a unani mous vote. — Ridpath's U. S., ch. 39, p. 309. 2701. INDEPENDENCE, Profitless. ty a whip- |iin;^ of three hundred tlmusand stripes. lliH example was followed by many jx'nitents of lioth .sexes ; and, a.s a vicarious sacnlice was ac- (■e|H(;(l, a sturdy disciplinarian mi^dit expiate on his own haclt liie sins of his lienefactors. These compensations of the |)urse and the iMTsctri in- troduced, in the eleventh century, a morcr honora- ble mode of satisfaction. — GmiioN'rt Ito.MK, cl». M, p. .-il. tINOI. INDULGENCES, Cargo of. I'nixif. [In ir)9:i 'Phomas White, of lioniTon, captured in a Hpanisli vessel two ndllions of papal bulls for indul>,'en( es.J — Knkiiit's K.no., vol. U, ch. 17, p. 2(17. ilMO'i. INDULGENCES, Papal. Ti'(zo all manner of ])unishment which thou ou^ht- est to suli'er in puri^atory. And I restore thee to the sacraments of tin; church, and to that inno cenc(! and purity which thou liadst at thy bajt- tisni ; so as. at death, the t^ates of hi'll shall be shut against thee, and the j^ates of paradise shall be laid open to receive thee. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen." — Kiit/i'.i Ilist. »/ S'litlnutl, Introd., p. 4. — NoTi; I.N TvTi. Kit's iliHT., Hook 0, ch. 2(), p. 2!»1. ilHOJ. INDULGENCES, Sale of. Chiirch-hiilld in;/. A |)roje(!t had likewi.se been set on foot by luH predecessor, Julius II., whi(-h Leo keenly adopted, and wldcih reipnred a i)ro(ligious sum of monev to carry it into execution. This was the building of St. Peter's Church at Uoine, a fabric which it was intended should surpass all the inagniliceiit structures that had ever been reared i»y the art of man. For the construction of this nol)le edifice, and to supply the luxuries of In.s court, Lcio X. had recourse (to nse an ex- fir(!.ssion of Voltaire) to one of the keys of St. 'eter, to opf.'ii the cotfers of Christians. Under the pretence of a crusade against the Turks, he instituted tlinnigh all Cliristendom a .sale of in- dulgences, or releases from the pains of purga- tory, wliich a pious man might purchase for a small sum of money either for himself or for his friends. Pul)lio olHces were appointed for the sale of them in every town, and tliey were farmed or biased out to the keepers of taverns and bag- nios. Their elHcacy was proclaimed by all tlie preachers, who maintained that tlie most atro- cious oll'ences against religion nught be expiated and forgiven by the pvircha.se of a remission. A Dominican friar of the name of Tetzel, a i)rinci- p:il agent in this extraordinary anil most abomi- nable merchandise, was Avont to repeat in liis public, orations this blasph(>mous as.sertion, "That he him.self had .saved more souls from hell by these indulgences than St. Peter had converted t(j Cliristianity l)y his preaching." — TvTi,KEis IlrsT., Hook (5, ch. 20, p. 291. "2^01. INDUSTRY, Education in. SaviuelJohn- 8on. At the iim where we dined the gentlewom- an .said that she had done her be.st to educate her children ; and, particularly, that she had never sufTered lliem lo bea moment idle. .loiiN- HoN : " I wish, madam, vou would edueale me too, for I have been an iille fellow all my life." " I am sure, sir," said she, "yon have not been idle." .loHNso.N : " Nay. madam, it is xcry true ; and that gentleman there" (poiiiliug In me| " has been idle, lie was idle at Fdinburgb. His fa- ther sent him to (iliisgow, where he continued to be idle, lie then came to London, where he has been very idle; and now he is going to i'treelit, where h.' will be as idli' as ever." I asked him privately how he could e.vpnse me so. H, INDUSTRY, Report of. Emiplnn.K. [The law'l of .VmaMJs ordained every individual to appear aiUMially lieforea particular ina^iNlrate mid ^nve an aeenunl of his profession and the manner in whieli he aecpiired his suhsistence. A capital punishnient. it is said, was decreed iiKaiiiHt the person who could not show that he procured it l»y honest, means. We shall oliserve H similar treatment of the Athenian repuhlic. —Tyti, Kit's llisr., MooU 1, ch. l, p. MH. iiMIO. INDUSTRY sacrifloed to Pride. (Uiavlrs I. |l)uriii;;thc reiij:n of Charles I, | all shops in Cheapside and liomliard Street, e.\cei)t those of the p)ldsiniths, were commanded to he shut up, that lhe>;i'cat avenue to the cathedral niiirht not exhiliit any trace of \ ul.irar industries, and that when forel^fiicrs went to see the Lord Mayor's j)rocessioii, they mii;ht not he olTerided liv hutch- t'l'.s' stalls and "fripperies." — Knkiiitw Eno., vol, ;{, ch. -M. p. 42.">. ii»9 1 1 . INDUSTRY, Standard of. Lfr|)re.s.s()rs. — li.v.MAHTiNK's Tikkky, p. Hll. ail a. INDUSTRY, Virtue by. Cornrtivr. It was reported l)^' Hannibal that, in order to i)re- serve his troops from the dangerous temptations of idleness, he had obliged them to form larger plantations of oli\-e trees along the coast of Africa. From a similar princii)le, Pr()l)us exer- ci.sed his legions in covering with rich vinr'vards the hills of (jtaul and I'annonia, and two consider- able spots are described, which were entirely (lug and planted by military labor. . . . One of these . . . by conv<'rting into tilliigo ii large and unheaithy tract of marshy ground .... An army thus employed constittited ])erliapsthe mo:.t use- fid a.s veil as the bra\'est i)()rtioii of Roman subjects. — Gmuo.Ns Komk, ch. 12, j). U.S."). a8i:t. INEXPERIENCE, Mistakes from. Rr- trcat. [y\t th(! beginning of the civil war the Parliament's troops were defeated in a skirmish at Worcester. A witness .says:] " The lieuten- ant commanded us to wheel about ; l)ut our gentlenuTi, not yet well understanding the dif- ference between wheeling about and shifting for themselves, their backs being toward the cnei..y whom they now thought to be close in the rear, retired to the army in a very dishonorable man- ner." — Kmoiit's" Kno., vol. 4, ch. 1, p. 8. •JMII. INEXPERIENCE, Presumption of. I Yiiiilh. /Kinilius having joined Nasica, marched ill good order against the Macedonians. Hut when he saw the disposititai and number of their forces he was uslonished, and stond still to consider what was pro|)er to be done. Ilereiipoit the young olllcers, eager for the engagement, and particularly Nasica, Hushed with iiis success al Siouiit Olympus, pres.sed up to liim, and begged of him to' lead them forward without delay. .Kmilias only smiled and said, " My friend, if I was of your age I should certainly do so ; but the many victories I have gained have made iiic observe the errors of the vaiii|uished, and forl)id me to give battle immediately after a inareli to an army well drawn up, and every way pre- pared. "—I'i.it.micm'w J'i.Mii.irs, ilMIA. INEXPERIENCE removed. //// ljmi>. " Vere you ever in a battle T asked the I'rincr of Conde of the young Duke of (Jloucester, son of Charles I., who had joined him as a volunteer [to engage in the battle of " the I)f)wns," befont l)unkirk|. The prince answered in the nega- tive. " Well," returned Conde, irrijated by the inca])acity and obstinacy of the Spaniards, "in the course of half an hour you will see us los«» one." I lis words were fully veritled ; the Slian- ish army was totally overthrown, anil dis|)ersed in all (lircctioiiH, — Stidknth' Fhanck, ch. ::.'(), ai luxty l')vcil infaiU.s IciuUHly, ami nl tin- wiiiH' time loved God My tlicMc x<'"d iiiifrtis they Hie ediieiiled mid l)idii|rhl up iiilil Ihiy iil Iniii u Niiiliilile iige, when Ihey lire InuiHferied lo other teiuhirs. They /^row up and lieeoine youii^ men and women ; ari! iiiHtnieleil in wis- dom and trained in (lie ihities of ti;e lieaveniy iil'e ; and wiien tlieir ehaiaeler is fully (level oped lliey hecome Hcttled in some society, either of the celestial («r spiritual kingdom, la apree- iiieiit with their inherited >r|i|iltis or disposition. — Wiii'ik'm SwKDKMioiio, eh. lU, p. 115. ilMlft. INFATUATION, DeitruoMve. .Wro. Nero liecame deeply enamored of I'opiiii'a Sa- hiiiii, the wife nf Ills friend Otlio, and one of tlii^ most cruel and cold blooded lnlrl>;iiers amid the uhanihined society of Uoman matrons. Nero was deeply smitten with her infantiU^ features, tlio soft comple.xlon, which was preserved by daily buthin^r in wartu asses' milk, her iiHsumetl moilestY, her ffcnlal conversation and spritfhtly wit. was ('Specially enclianled with her soft, a.'iindant hair the envy of Uomiiii beauties, for wlii(!ii lie invented tlu^ fantastic, md to Uo- man writtTs the supremely ludicroiiH, epithet of "amber tresses" 1 loin the day that he first Haw PoppiiH a headlon;,^ deterioration is tracedile in his character. She established a complete inthieiu'o over him, and drove him by her taunts and allureineiils to that crime which, oven iimonj^ his many enormities, is the most damning blot upon his < haractcr — tin; murder of his mother. She li\cd in dally dread of assassination, ller watchfiilne.ss evaded all al- teiupt.s at poisoniiif?, and she was partly protect- ed against tlicin by the current fiction that she had fortified herself by the use of antidotes. Plot.s to murder lier by the apparently aecidi nl al fall of till! fretted roof in one of the chambers of her villa were frustrated by the warninj^ which slie received from her spies. At last Anic(!tus, a freeiliiian, admiral of lie fleet al Misenuni, promised Nero to .secure her end in an unsu.spicious manner by means of a shiii which should suddenly fall to piecres in mid-sea. Nero iuTited her to a baiujuet at Wnw, which was to be the wiifn of their public reconciliation. De- clining, however, to .sail in the pinnace which liad Ih'cii surreptitiously fitted up for her use, she was carried to her .son's villa in licr own lit- ter. [The weighted canopy was made to fall, but shcescaju'd] . . . Iiolts were withdri.wn, and the ship fell to pieces, but she swam ashore, and was soon afterward as.sassinatcd. — Farilvii's Early Days, p. 25. a§30. INFATUATION of Pride. Jomfs IT. James was bent on ruining hinis( If, and every attempt to .stop him only made him rush more eagerly to lii.s doom. VVlien his throne was secure, when his people were submissive, when the most ob.Hcquious of Pnrliaineiits was eager to anticipate all his reasoiiabli! wishes, wlieii foreign kingdoms and coinmonwealtlis paid emulous court to him, when it depended only on himself whether he would be the arbiter of (Christendom, he had .stooped to be the slave ami the hireling of France. And now when, by a series of crimes and follies, lie had succeeded in alienating liis neiglibors, his subjects, his sol- diers, his sailors, hischiklren, and bad left hiin- H4'lf no refuge but the protection of FratKf, he was taken willi a tit of pride, and determiniHj lo assert his independence. That help whUh, when he did iinl want it, he iiad accepted with IgiioininioiiH tears, he nou , when it was indlN- iiensable to him, threw eontemptiiously away. I (living been abject when he might, with |>ro- prictv, have been punctilious in niaintain'ing hU dignity, he became iingralefully haughty at a moment when haughtiness must bring on liim at once derision and ruin, lie resented the friendly intervention which iniglit have saved lilm. Wiih e\er king so used '/ VVas he a child, or an Idiot, that otiiers must think for liiin ':' — Macahi-ay'k Hni. , ch. », p. 41(1. !i)»4 1. INFECTION feared. I't" iiMlif roliiiiicN, lie yet (Icvoiilly, tlii)ii>(ti willioiit ftiriii, uiIIiitimI Id icIIkI"" — Hani lioKTM U. 8., vol. !J, «'h, an. 'iM'JA. IirriDELITT, Ltadar in. Vo/hiiir, In III! iijfi' (if HC{'pli(i--ni lie wiiN till' prince (if Hcttf- fcrs : wlii'ii pliiliisdpliy lidvcn^i inund MuldoiiM, lie «'X('<'ll('(i In ri'tlcctinK Hie Itrilliiinlly li( cntidnN iniini (if III!' inlclliifcnl iirishici'iicy. His ^rcitl wdt'lis were wi'iiicn in ri'lircincnl, ImiI lie wmn liiinxcif III)' xpdiliMJ cliild df siM'icly. lie Munnoi liiiiisi'jf in JN li^riit, iind (iii//.i('(| if liy cdnccnlnil iri^r lis riiyH, lie wiih IIh iddl, iiml cdnrlcd ils iddliilry, . . . Tlic cdinplaccnt (•iiirlicr (if miv crcii^ns and ministers, liecduld even sliiiid iind Willi for smiles III Ihe Idllel of I lie Kreiiell kind's mlHlresM, or pidstnile himself In liallery hefdic (lie Sennramit of ilie norlli ; willing Id'slini his eyes on llie Horniws of the masses, If the jfreal Wdidd Itnl fuviir men df letters. ... lie praised ()edr;;e I. df i'ln^dand as a .sajre and a hero, wiei rn led Ihe world liy his virtues ; . . . when the i''reneli kin^tookii prostlinte for a nustress, . . . extolled Ihe monarch's mistress as .-m adoralile K^crla. — M,\N(i{oKT'rt I'.S., vol, Ti, ch. '-i. ilNiie. INFIDELITY, Metaphyiioal. Ciuxil- unit. Atheism is a fdlly df the metaiihyHi- cian, not tlie folly of human nature, Of siiv~ ii^e life, ItopT Willlanm declared that h<* had never found oik; native American who denied Ihee.xulence of (iod ; in civilized life, when it vva.s said of the court o' Krederick that the place of kin^f's alheiHt was vacant, Ihe ullie was fell as the most bitiiiK Harcasin. Infidelity trains the victory when hIu; wrestles with hy| icrisy or with superstition, lait never when its aniajfoiusi is reason. — H.xnchokt'h l'. S., vol. 1, cli. 10. aiNar. infidelity, Perll of. S,imiid,lohn- mu. Hume and other sceptical iiniovators are vain men, and will f^ralify themselves at any exp(!nse. Truth will not iilTord suHicicnt food to tlieir vainly, so they have hetaken them.selvcs to error. Truth, sir, is a cow which will yield such [leople no more milk, and .so IIk.'V are ^one to milk the bull. If I could liave allowed iny- solf topralify luy vanity at the cxinnse of truth, what fame mi^ht 1 have ac(|uired ! Kverythinj^ which Hume has advanced aicainst Christianity had passed throuirh my mind long hefon; lu; wrote. Always rememher this, that after a .sys- tem is well .settled upon positive evidenc'c, a few partial olnections ought not to shake it. The human mind is .so limited that it cannot take in all the parts of a subject, so I hat there may be objections raiscid against anything. There an; objections against a plenum, and objections against a niriniiii ; yet one of them nuist cer- tainly 1)(! true. — BoswKM.'s Johnhon, p. 123. a§2!l. INFIDELITY, Secret of. SnmudJohn- ■:on. [To (teneral Paoli. | The general asked him what lu; thought of tli(( Hi)irit of inddelity whi(;li was .so ]irevalent. Johnson: "Sir, this gloom of infidelity, I hope, is only a transient cloud pa.ssing through tin! bcniisplien;, which will soon b(! (ii.ssipated, and the sun break forth with his usual splendor." " Vou think, then," said the general, " that they will change their in'inciple.s like their clothes. " J()iiN8f>N : "Why, sir, if they bestow no more tliought on ])rinci- pl<.;a than ou dress, it must be so." The general said that a great |iM't of the fa-sliidnable In- lldellty was owing to a desire of Hhowing cour- age. Men who have no opiidrlunltleN of Hhow- ing It as to ihlngH In this life, take death and futurity UN obJcctH on which lo display it. .loiiNHON : "That In mighty fddllsh idTectiitlon, Fear Is one of the iiaMslons of human nature, of which it is Inipdssilile Id divest it. N'ou reinein- lier that tile Ijnpei'oi- Charles V., when he read ujidM tin; tdinlistdiie df a iHpanisli nobleman, ' llere lies one who never knew fear,' witlllv said, 'Then he never snulTed a candle with his lingers.' '—HoHWi;i. I, 'm .loiiNHoN, p l(i;i. •iMJO. INFIDELITY and the State. Iiiiiii,><,» III l''nniii . Thus scipticisni proceeded uncoil s( Idusly in the work of destructidn, Invalldalini; the past, yet iinalile In (onslruct the future, for good government is not the creation of seep- lleisni. Fler garments arc red with blood, and ruins lu'e her dellglil ; her despair may slim iilate to Vdliiptuousness and revenu;e ; she nev(>r kindled witli the disinterested love (if man. — H.VN( iKih r's V . S,, vol. .T, ch. 'i. 'JM.'IO. INFIDELITY, Weakneia of. .\,ii>ol>»n I. X whole generation had grown ii|) In France without any knowleilg(; of Chrisiianily. Cor- ruption was univeisiil. A new seel sprang up, Theophilanlhropisis, who gleaned as Ihe baslsof their syslein some of llie moral precepts of the gospel, di vest cd of I lies) d ill me sanctions of Chris tiunily. I Napoleon said of them :| . . . "They eaiiaccoiniilish nothing; . . . Ihe,\ are mere act- ors. . . . 'Ihe gospel alone has cxhiliiled a colli- plele assemblage of Ihe principles nf morality divested of all absurdity. . . . Do you wish to see Unit which is really sublime ? Repeat Ihe Lord's Prayer. .Such enthusiasts an; only to be encountered by Ihe weapons of ridicule. ' — Aii- llOT'l's N AI'OI.KON H., vol. I,ch. J). awSll. INFIDELS, Treatment of. S,n,iiid,Min- noii. Dr. Adams had distiniruished him.self bjr an alile answer to David Hume's " K.ssay on Miracles." He told ine he had once dined in coin pany witli Hume; in London ; that IIuiih; shook hands v i him, and said, " You have treated iiK? iiiuc.. i»etter than I deserve ;" and that thej exchanged visits. 1 took the liberty to object to treating an infidel writer witli smooth civility. Where there is a conlroversy concerning a |)as- sage in a classic author, or concerning a (lueslion in anti(piities, or any other subject in which hu- man hapiiincss is not deeply interestctd, a man may treat hisantagoni.st with jioliteness ami even resjiect ; but where Ihe controversy is concerning Ihe truth of religion, it is of such vast imporlancu to him who mainlains it to obtain the victory, that the j)er.son of an oi)])onent ought not to l)e spared. If a man firmly believes that religion is an invaluable treasure, he will consider a wri- ter wiio endeavors to deprive mankind of it as a rob/ji-r ; he will look upon him as w//«//«, though tiie infidel miglit think liimself in the right An abandoned |)i'ofligale may think that it is not wrong to debauch my wife ; but shall I, there- fore, not detest him V and if I catcli him in mak- ing an attempt, shall I treat him with politeness ? No, I will kick him downstairs, or run him through the body — tliat is, if 1 really love my wife, or have a true rati nillv III! Hit' i-likiix. Ciiiiirriiti iif Locliirl wun ijiinliiriil. lie WiiM lh„i, I. Iniri'ilitilciis it iiiiiy iip|ii'iir, NiipDJiMin, wliili' IIiiim (li'llironini; tlii'iii |ilii' NoiiM iiF (liiti'li's I v., KiiiKof Spain, iiiiil ('oniprlliii)r llirin to luri'pt a rrMiilcnci- in r\ ilcunil incoiiif froni liiiiiHijf I, piincij hui.Ii anas ci'nili'iirv ovcrllii-ir initiilM, llial tlii-y iM-catiir his warm mliiiii'i'rHiinii fririiilM. 'riiiy rxiiltril in IiIm Miirci'HMivii victorii'H, anil ci'lciirati'il tlirin willi illiiiiiliiitlioiiH anil lionllri'H. Notliiri>; in Niitio li'iiiiM wlioli- cari'i-r inori' Ntrikini^ly lliiiii litis I'xIiiliilM Ills I'Xtraorilinary powiTs. — Aiiiiicn'M N.\i'iii,i':<(N H. , vol. 2, I'll. I. il*t'l4. . SiiikiIcoii'h Aititi. Miiriit WHS U) Napoli'on u boily nT ten tliiinsanil liorMr- iiicii, I'vcr rraily for a rrsiHtlrHs rliarK<' ; Fjiiiiich wiiHuplmlaiix of infantry, liriHtlinir with liavonrls which iicilhrr artillrry nor ra\alry confil liat trr iliiwn ; Aii^rrrati wun an arini'il coliiinn, iii- vincililc, hiack, iIi-iimi', inasMy, iin|)i'tuouM, rrsiHt- liHM, iiiovini^ witli jiipmlir tirad wIicicvit thi- fiiigiT of till- (•oiiiiuiTor poinliil. These were linl theineinhersof NapoleoHH lioiiy — the liinlisolte (liciit to the mijrhty soul that .swayeil Miein. — Aiuuitt'h Nai'oi.kon M., vol. I, eh. 14. UnnH. . \V,{li;onies of heredi- tary >fout, was now the hojie of the Knjrlisli world (when the Whij; aristoiraey had failed to conipier ('aiia(la|.— Hanchokt'h U. S., vol. 4, eh. 11. tlM!IO. . (teorf/e Wiinliinfitou. So powerful were the President's views in deter- mining tlu; actions of the people, that .letTersoii, writing to Monroe at Paris, said : " (Joiifiress lias adjourned. You will see by their proceed- ing's tlu^ truth of what I always told you — , namely, that one man outwei^dis them all in : intlueneg over the people, wlio support his .judf^ment iifiainst their own and that of their re])res(!ntatives. Repul)licanism resigns the j ves.sel to its pilot." — Kidi'.vtu'h U. S., eh. 4U, p. :J71. I awar. . Julius dmir. [U\n sol- i diers had been styled " lirothcrs in iirins." In ; consequence of mutinous conduct he called tliem " (juirites" — plain citizens.] The familiar j word was now no lon.ircr heard from him. " You i say well, ipiirites," he answered; "you have' labored hard, and you have suffered much ; you desire; yiour discliarj^e — you have it. 1 dis- charge you who are present. I discharge all who liave served their time. You shall have your recompense. It shall never be said of me tlial I tniiile use of you w hen I was in daiiger, iiiid was ungrateful to you when (he p< rll wiim pust." " (juirili'H " he hail culled tliein ; no longer Ito iiiiiii legiiiiiarii'H, pnuid of their uehievemeiilN, and glorying in Ihclr great commander, but ' ipilriles "— iilain ciii/.cns The sight of ('n'stir, the familiar form and voice, the • .irds, every seiitenre of which they kiiew that he meant, cut them to Ihe heart. They were humbled, they begged to be forgiven. They said Ihi'V would go with him to Africa, or to Ihe worlilH end lie dill mil at once accept Ihiir peiiilencu. — Fmii iiKK C.KHMi, I'll. '^4. •JMiiM. INFLUENCE, Poithumout. I'<>„i,l,in- tiiii\ If ( 'oiiNtiinline reckoned among the favors of fortune the death of his eldest son, of his nephew, and perhaps of his wife, he enjoyed an uninlerriipled How of private as well as iiublic felicilv till the thirliclli year of his reign— u period which none of his iircdeeessors, since Augustus, had been permitted to celebrate Constanlinc survived that solemn fcsliviil aliout ten months; and at Ihe mature age of sixly four, after a shorl illness, he ended his memoralilc life ... in Ihesuburbsof Nicomedia, whither he i.ail retired for the bcnetit of the air, and with the hope of recruiting his exhausted strength by the use of the warm batliH. The excessive ilcm- onslralions of grief, or at least of mourning, surpassed whntever had been practised on iiiiy former occasion. NolwitbHtanding Ihe claims of Ihe Senalc and people of ancient Koine, tlin corpse of the deceased emperor, according to his last request, wum Iraiisporled to the city which was destined to preserve the i:ame and memory of its founder. The bodv of ('onstaii- line, adorned with Ihe vain symliols of greiit- iicss — Ihe purple and diadem— was deposited on a golden bed in one of the apartments of the palace, which for that purpose had been s|ilen- diilly furnished and illuminated. The forms of the court were strictly maintained. Kvery day, at the appointed hours, the principal oMIcers of Ihe state, Ihe army, and the household, a|)- proaeliing Ihe jierson of their Hovereign with bended knees and ii com|iose(l countenance, offered their respectful homage as .seriously as if he had been still alive. From motives of policy this Ihealricul reprcsenlation was for soiiu! tiiiH^ continued ; nor could llaltery neglect the op|)orlunity of remarking that (^onstaiitiiu! alone, by the peculiar indulgence of Heaven, had reigned after his deiilh. — Omuion's Uomk, ch. IH, I). 17;). ilM:t9. . Ndimlfiii, f. (Napoleon hud requested that after his dealli his body should be buried in France. It was denied. | The aristocrats of Kurope feared Napoleon even in his grave. The governor could not consent, nolwithstanding the most affecting supplications on tile jiart of Madame Bertrand, to allow even the stomach and heart to be removed. — Aiuiott's N.M'oi.KON !{., vol. 2, ch, i{4. 2S40. . Nouredditi. Some yciirs aftiT the sultan's death an oi)prcs.sed subject called aloud in Ihe streets of Damascus, " () Noureddin, Nourcddin, where art thou now '/ Arise, arise, to pity and protect us ! " A tumult was aiiprehended, and n, living tyrant blushed or trembled at the iiiime of a departed luouarph. — Gihhon's Komk, ch. 59, p. 17. .138 INFLUENCE-INGKNL ITV aS.ll.INFLUENCEsac^ifloed. .liniu'n n. |Hnv 111 proj^rcss throuj^li Kiinland. | On tli(^ mud till! royiii train was joini'd by two courlicrs who in temper and <)i)iiii()nH dilTered widely from eucli otiier. [ William | Penn was at Chester on a pastoral tour. I lis pojiularily and author ity amoiif^' his hrethren had .ireatly declined since he had hecomt a tool of the kint; and o!' the Jesuits. Me was, however, most ;;raci())isly received by .lanu's, who even condescended to •JO to tli(! C^u;dned as to the powc )f the nation Hgt.inst wli"cli he had been fo(Mish enough to lift his hatche*. Returning to his own people, ne advised tl.jm that resistance was hopeless. The warriors then .abandoned tht? dis])uted lii:ids, and retired into Iowa. — Ridpatii's L. S., ch. 44, I). 480. 28 1 1. INFORMi: .ION, Pleasing. AhmJmm Tdnrohi. When the tekgram from (hnnbvrland Gap reached Mr. Lincoln that "firing was heard in the direction of Kno.wille," he remark- ed that ho was "glad of it." Some person jires- ent . . . could not .see vhy. ..." Why, you .see," res])()nded the President, " it reminds me of Mistress Sallie Ward, ;i neiglibor of mine, who had a very large family. Occasionally one of her mimerous i)rogeny would be heard crying in some oiit-of-the way ])lace, upon which .Mrs. Ward would e.xclaim, ' There's one of my chil- (iren that isi;'t dead !' "—Raymond's Lincoln, 28-15. INFORMERS rejected. Ri>}iM\t Eiiipv- ror Vcupunidn. \'(!sp!usian wus among those few ])rinces whose ''liaracter has changed for the belter on their arrival at enii)ire. Augustus, from ii, vicious and cruel man, became, if not a virtuo.is, ill many irspcct.''. an admirable, prince, Vespas^m had ingralii'.ted him.self !)y the most servile llaMery with Caligula and Claudius, and raised himself by degrees from the meanest sta- tion to rank and distinction. His ciiiinicter before he ciunt; to the empire was at the best an equivc^cal one , but no sooner did he mount the throne than all tli.'se .suspicions were at once showu to be unfounded. He irave u general I ])ardon to all who had been found in arms i against him. He allowed ever}- citizen, pro- vided he spoke only of his own grievaiKH-s, to have free access to his i)er.son, but dcu-lared war against that ilc? racct of pensioned informers winch had m\.. 'plied so exceedingly during the preceding reign.--TYTi,Kii's Hist., Book 5, ch. 1, p. 4i)l. 2§.|«. INGENUITY vs. Difficulties. A uuiiMkh. rTransp(,:-iing E;ryplian obelisks to Rome.] riio.se inimeii.se ma.ss«'s, consisting of oiU! entire block of granite, were hewn in the (piarries of l'l)|>er Egypt, whence they were conveyed bv water to the ])lace where they were to be erectecf. Thecontrivaiice f( a- transporting them is describ- ed by Pliny, ami is e(pially simple and ingenious. The Nile runs near to the base of those iiioun- laiiis where! the ipiarrics are situated. A canal was cut from the river to the spot where the obelisk lay, and made to pass under it, .so as to leave the stone .■iup])orted by its two extremities resting on either bank oi' the canal. Two broad boat.s were then loaded with a great weight of stones, .so as to sink iliem so deep in the water as to allow them to pass freely under the obe- lisk ; when immediately ur.der it. the htones were thrown out ; the boats, of consecpience [rai.sed and lifted the obelisks]. — Tytleu's lIisT., Book 1, ch. 4. ]). ;«). 28'!r. INGENUITY, Practical. nn,j. Frank- lin. When the scientitic world began to inves- tigate the wonders of clecLricity, Franklin e.\- ci'lk'd all observers. ... In the summer of 1752, going out into the fields, with no instrument but a kite, no companion but his son, lie es- tablis'ied his theory by obtaining a line of con- nection with a thunder-cloud. Nor did he cea.se until he had made the lightning a household liastime, taught Ids family to catch the subtile fluid in its inconceivably rapid leaps between the earth and the sky, and (;ompelled it to give warning of its passage by the harmle.-.s ringing of bells.- Banckokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 28. 284§. INGENUITY of Savages. Hatchets. Tlie North American Indians, having no iron, u.se stone hatchets in cutting down tlie largest trees. They found, says Charlevoi.x, in his " Trav- els in Canada," a very hard and tough species of flint, which by great labor they sharpened for the head of the instrument. The di(li(;ulty lay in fastening it to the handle. They cut ou the to)) of u young tree, and making a transverse slit, insert the stone into the opening. The part.s of the tree growing together close so tirnily upon tlu! stone that it is impossible to move it. Then they cut the tree of such length as they judge suliicient for the handle. — Tyti.kk's Hist. , Book 7, ch. 3, p. 81. 2849. INGENUITY, Success by. Cohnnhm. On the 18tli of Septenilier, . . . .ibout two hundred leagues from the island of Eerro, Columbus for the first time notic'ed the variation of the needle, a phenomenon which had never before lieen re- marked. He perceived about nightfall that the needle, instea.d of ]i()inting to the north star, varied about half a iioint, or between five and si.x degrees, to the north-west, and still more on the following morning. . , . The variation in- creased as he advanced. [Il was feared the}' were entering another world, and the compass would lose its virtues,] Columbus tasketl his science INGRATE— INGRATITUDK. 3;)9 and iiififiiuity for rcasonH with whicli to iillay tliL'ir terror. He oh.servfd that tlie direction of the jieedie was not to tiie polar star, hut to some Hxed Mild invisible jxjint. The variation, there- fore, was nil! caused hy any fallacy in the com- pass, hut liy the iii()vei!>enl of the north star it- self, which, like the other heavenly hodies, had its chanjrcs and revolutions, and every day de- sorihed a circle round llu^ pole. The hi^h opin- ion whii'h the pilots entertained of Cohiinhiis its a profound astrononier pive weii,dit to this theory, and their alarm subsided. — Ikvi.no's Goi.ilsMiTii, Hook ;{, ch. 2. 2S50. INGRATE, Cowardly. Rcif/ii of J„n„n fl. (.laiiics IJurlon had I'ccn eiiirai,^'d in the Itye House Plot, hut cs'':iped hy the aid of an \\\Hn\ Christian named Eli/.iilieth (lauiit. He jiad reludled under the Duke.of .Monmouth, and tied to the home of a ])oor barber niiined John Fernley. | He knew tliiit a reward of tlOO had been olfered liy the Kovernmenl for th(! appre- hension of Miirton ; but the honest man was in- capable 1)1 betraying one wlio, in extreme p( "il, had come under tlu; shadow of his roof. The an- yer of .lames was more strongly excited aijainst those who liarbored rebels than against the rebc'ls tlu'inselves. He liad publicly declared that, of all forms of treason, the hidiiiic of traitors from his venjicaiice was tlaunost unpardonable. Hiir- ton knew this. He delivered himself up to tin- ^•oxcrnmeiit, and he f^ave information airainst Fernley and Elizabeth Gaunt. They were hrou,i,^ht U) triid. Tlie villain who.se life they had preserved hail tlu' heart, and the forehead to ap|>ear as tlie princijial witness airainsl them. 'I'hey were convicted. Fernley was sentenced to the iratlows, Elizabeth Gaunt to the stake. — JM.\i"ai:l.\v's Enci., ch. 5, p. G15. 2§5 1. INGRATITUDE, Base. liichelii-u. Louis XIII. owed all his success for eighteen years to the wonderful genius of Richelieu ; when that most noted statesman of his day died, his cold- hearted remark was simply this, " Tliere is a great politician gone !" — Stuuexts' Fiiance, ch. 19, t;i7. 2§5!2. . BriitMH. What Brutus is chietl}' blamed for was liis ingratitude to (,'a'sar. He owed his life to his favor, as well as the lives of tho.se prisoners for whom he interceded. He was treated as h'« friend, and distinguished with p.'irticular marks of lionor ; and y(!t lie imbrued ids hands in the blood of his benefactor. — Pi,i- TAUCii's Buiyri's. 2§53. INGRATITUDE, Filial. Sons of lien n/ TI. Prin(;e Henry [eigiiteen years old], at the instigation, it is believed, of his father-in-law [Louis of France], set uj) a pretension to divide the royal power with bis fatlier, and demanded that tin; king should resign to liini eitlier Eng- land or Normandy. In the same spirit Richard, the boy of lifteen, claimed Aiiuitaine, becau.se lie had performed homage to Louis for that duchy ; and the other boy of fourteen, Geotfrey, claimed the imniediat(! possession of Brittany. The re- bellious sons tied from tlu^ court of their father to the French king, and their mother .soon fol- lowed. — IvNKJirr's Eno., vol. 1, ch. 21, p. 2!»9. aSS'l. INGRATITUDE, Official. Janux IL [The Roman ( alholic king sought to overthrow the Auirlicau Church bv illegal and violent means. I There was no prebendary, no rector, no vicar whose mind was not haunted by the thoughls that, however (|uiel his temper, how- ever obscure his situation, lie might, in a few. months, he driven from his dwelling liy an arbi- trary edict, to beg in a ragged cii.ssock with his wile and children, while his freehold, secured to him by laws of immemorial anti(|uily and by the royal word, was occupied iiy some apostate. This, llieii, wastlu' reward of that heroic loyalty never once found wanting through the vicissi- tudes of fifty tempestuous years. It was for this that th(( clergy had endured spoliation and IH-rsecution in the caii.se of Charles L It was for this that tiiey liadsii]iported Charles II. in his hard contest wifli the Whig oi)posilion. It was for this that they had stood in the front of the battle against tlio.se who .sought to despoil .lames of his birthright. To their fidelity alone their o])l)ressor owed the power which he was now employing to their ruin. — .Macai'lay's Eno., ch. 8, 'p. '281. 2S55. INGRATITUDE, Political, dm-uni Dr. mocfdCj/. EpaminondMs and I'elopldas, on their return to Thebes, were accused of ha\iiig retain- ed their command four months beyond their commissions while engaged in the Peloponncsian expedition. This, on the specious ])retexl of a strict regard to military duty, was adjudged to be a cai)ital olTence, and the people wi'rc on the ])oiiit of condemning to death those men who had not only rescued their country from .servitude, but rai.sed the Tlieban name to the highest pit(.'h of glory. Epaminondas undertook to defend the conduct of Peloi)idas by taking the whole blanu; upon himself. '• I was," said he, " tlu; author of those measures for which we stand here accu.sed. I had indulged a hoi)e that the signal success which, under our conduct, has attended th(\ Tlie- ban arms would have entitled us to the grati- tude and not to the censure of our country. Well ! let jiosterit}', then, be informed of our crimes and of our jiuiiishment ; let it \w. known that Epaminondas led your troops into the heart of Laconia, which no hostile ])ower till then had ever jienetrated ; that his crime was that la; abased the glory of Sparta, and brought her to thebriiikof ruin ; that he mad(! Thebes the most illustrious of the; Grecian States ; let it be in- scribed on his tomb that death was the reward which his country decreed for these; .services." The Thebans were ashamed <)f their own con- duct ; the judges dismi.s.se(l the charge, and tlu; people atoned for their ingratitude hy the strong- est expressions of jiraisc; and admiration. — Tyt- i.Ku's Hist., Book 2, ch. 8, p. Ki.). 2§56. . Athenidhx. [When Theniis- tocles, the distinguished Athenian general, was young] his father, to dissuade him from accepting any publi(; employment, showed him .some; old galleys that lay ,vorii out and neglected on the sea- shore, just !is the iiopulace neglect their leaders when they have no furlh(;r service for them. — PuTAKtll's TlIK.MISTOCI.KS. 2857. INGRATITUDE, Shameful. FniiiclH Ba- con. I In KiOl, on the trial of the Earl of Essex for rebellion, Francis Bacon was oiu' of the (lueen's counsel enii)loyed against him.] He was bound to Es.sex by n common obligations. The generous earl had given him an estate, be- cause he could not procure for him a lucrative % i •MO IXHEUITANCK— INHUMANITY. )i|)|)i>iiitin(>tit,. Khscx liiul stru^^lcd a^ainsl tlic ill-will of the ("I'cilM loiulvancc Bacon's I'ortiiUL's, ill season and out of sciusoii. Yot iii)oii tli(' trial Hacon said slronirc'r things a^^ainst liis friend than were ur^^ed by his liitterest adversaries. [He made tliesc^veresi eoiiiparisoiis, whieliawak- Mied a jreiieral indignation. lie afterward wrote; an " Apoloitv" of his coiidiict on this trial. J — Knkhit's Kno., vol. I!, eh. 18. p. 2H!). it85«. INHERITANCE, Household-goods, h'li;/- linid. C'oinnion utensils were transmitted from generation to ^reneratioii John IJaret, of liury, in 14(1!{ l)e(|iieatlis to his niece ... "a frreat earthen ])ot that was my mother's." Wives had a life interest in "stiilT of household," which was heiiueathed to (h'sceiid, after the de- cease of the wifi', article by article, to rel- atives and fricMids. Tile riches so handed down are such as pottle i)ot and a (piart ])ot, a pair of tonj^sand a pair of bellows. Hoger Itokewoode . . . becpieallis to his son Hobert . . . a bra.sspot, two brass jiaiis, si.\ pewter dishes, four saucers, and three platters of pewter, a feather bed, a l)air of sheets, and a i^air of blankets. , . . Tlu! delicieney of lioiisehold comfort is sulHcient- ly shown by such minute (lescri]>tioiis of old and mean chattels, of little value now, but then estimated in proportion to their scarcity. — Kmoiit's EN. INHUMANITY of Man. h'i,f/lM. Anrcn- torn. (Jur Eiiiclisli ancestors were less humane than their posterity. The discipline of work- shops, of .seliools, of private families, though not more efficient than at present, was infinitely harsher. Ma.sters well born and bred wore in the habit of beating their servants. Pedagogues kiKiW no way of imiiarting knowledge but by beating their pupils. Husbands of decent sta- tion were not ashamed to beat their wives. The unplacability of hostile factions was such as wo can scarcely conceive. ^Vhigs were disiif)sed to murmur because Strafford was suffered to di(! without seeing his bowels burned before his face. Tories reviled and insulted Iliissell as his coach ]ia.ssod from th(; Tower to the scaffold in Lin- coln's Fields. As little mercy was shown by the l>opulaco to sufferers of a humbler rank. If an offender was ]nit into the pillory, it was well if he escaped with life from the shower of brick- bats and paving-stones. If he was tied to the cart's tail, the crowd pressed round him, implor- ing the hangman to give it the fellow well, and make him howl. (Jentlemen arranged parties of pleasure to Hridewell on court days for the ]iur- pose of seeing the wretched women who beat hemp there whipped. A man pressed to death for refusing to jiload, a woman i.uiiM'd for coin- ing, excited less sympathy than is now f(.'lt for a galled horse or an over-driven ox. Fights, coin- pared with which a boxing match is a retined and humane spectacle, were among the favorite di- versions of a largo jiart of the town. Multitudes a.ssombled to see gWidiators hack each other to pieces with deadly weapons, and shouted with delight when one ()f the combatants lost a linger or an eve. — M.\(aui,ay'h Ivno., eh. Il, p. ;}!)4. tiM6l. . Sjuniidnlx. The conduct of the Spaniards toward the inhabitants of these new-discovered ''ountries, and the cruellies ex- ercised by them under their first governors, fur- nish a subject which it were to be wished, for tlu! honor of humanity, could be forever veiled in oblivion. Heligion and jiolicy were the pre- texts for the most outrageous acts f)f inhumani- ty. Avarice, which the more it is fed is still the mon; insatiable, had suggested to some of these rapacious governors that the inhabitants of the New World had discovered to the Spaniards but a verysnuill proportion of treasures, which were inexliaustible. The missionaries encouraged the idea, and insinuated, at IIh; same time, that the most jiroper method of obtaining ;;n absolute authority over these new subjects was to con- vert them to the doctrines ot Christianity, for which i)urpose the priests were to be fiirinshed with every authority sufHciont for the extirjja- tion of idolatry. The favorite; instruments of conversion employed in the.se jiious piirjioses were the rack and the scourge. While some, to escape these mi.series, put an end to their life with their own hand, others. Hying from their inliii- ma:i per.secutors into tlu; woods, were there hunted down with dogs, and torn to ])icees like wild beasts. In a little time Ilisiianiola, which contained three millions of inhabitants, and Cu- ba, that had above six hundred thousand, were ab.solutelv depopulated. — Tytlkk's Hist., Book «, eh. 31," p. ;5(W. 2»«a. INHUMANITY, Professional. Jrffm/x. As judge at the city .s- ;sions ho exhibited tlie sapu; jiroiieiisities which afterward, in a higher ])ost, gained for him an unenviable immortality. Already might be remarked in him tlu; most odious vice which is incident to human nature — a delight in misery merely' as misery. There was a fiendish exultation in the way in which he pronounced sentence on offenders. Their wee]i- ing and ini])loring seemed to titillate hir i volup- tuously, and he loved to scare them into fits, tiy dilating with luxuriant amplification on all the details of wliiit they were to suffer. Thus when ho had an opi)ortunity of ordering an unlucky adventuress to be whipped at the cart's tail, " Hangman," he would exclaim, " I cliarg(;you to pay particular attention to this lady. Scourge her soundly, man ! Scourge her till the blood runs down I It is Christmas — a cold time for madam to strij) in ' See that you warm her shoulders thoroughly I" — Mai'Ai:i,ay's EN(i., ch. 4, p. 41 K. 2§6». INHUMANITY, Revenge for. Jirif/n of (VkiHcs II. The prisons were hells on earth, seminaries of every crime and of every di.soase. At the assizes the loan and yellow culprits brought with them from their cells to the dock an atmosphere of stench and pestilence which .sf)metimes avenged them .signally on bench, bar, and jury. Hut on all iliis misery society looked with profound indif'rence. Nowhere could be fouiKl that .sensitive and restlo.ss compa.s-^ion which has, in our lime, extended a powerful ])rotection to tlu; factory child. — Macaulay's En(i., ch. 3, p. 3ii)i<:'s C.Ks.xu, ch. 2'2. 2M6«. INJURIES, Redressing, Kiiinht.H. The Gotluc kings had the higiiest pride in redressing wrongs and grievances ; but in this honoral)le employment the wrongs they conunitted were often greater than those they redressed, and in the vindication of the honor or fame of a nus- tress a real and most atnxtious injury was fre- quently committed in revenge for one purely ideal. Their religion, too, was of that extraor- dinary cast, that, though jirnfi'iKcdli/ supcirior to all other duties, it always in reality acted a I)art svibordinate to military fame and the honor of tlu; ladies. It iscont'essed by one of theirgreat- est encomiasts, M. i St. l*alaye, that their de- votion ('onsisted cliictly in the nliservance of .some external ceremonies, and tl ' the greatest otl'ences might lie easily e\i)iated iv a j>enance or a i)ilgriniag( which furiushed an agreeable oi)portuiMlv for I'W adventures. — TvTLl'Ml's IIiHT., Bo(ik t), ch. '), [). 1««J. 2§<(7. INJURIE. Reparation of . Laws. A.n. 600. [Hy lh(^ lawso '^thelbert, one of the early IJritish kings,] it wa not held that (himages, to use a familiar word ot explanation, were to l)e ])ai(l without resjiect of persons, but that a bishop was to be ((iniijeii.sated elevenfold, and u clerk threefold of (lie vid\i(! of any stolen prop- erty. The amends, atonement, or indeniidfica- tion was ca'ied " hot." The king's " bot" was always Ihe largest, excejit in the case of the bi.shop, who had twofold Ingher compensation for theft than even tlie king. If a man slew another in the king's " tiui " (dwelling with lands api)ertaining), he was to jiay 50.'*.; if in that of an " eorl" (jarl, noble), V2n. The slayer -the olTender becaiiU! En(i., vol. 1, ch. T), The rude jii- of the "hlufa'ta" (loaf-eater, domestic) ot a " ceorl " (churl, freeman, not noble) was to atone for Cm. The; mutilation of an "esne" (slave) was to be coiniiensated to the owner at the full worth of the slave. The penalties to personal injuries to freemen are among lh(; inost curious of these dooms. It was not "an ey(! for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." but tlie eye had a pecuniary value, and so had the I tooth. The evil conseciuence of the intliction, I and not the motive of the otTender, regulatcil ! the amount of the amends. Thus if the ear was struck olf, the " hot" was I'is.; but " if the other ear hear not, let the ' bnt ' be made with 2rw." In all cases of default of jiayment the rciinedy was prompt and elfective- a penal slave. — K.NKiirr's p. 70. tISttS. . lioiiiaiis. risprudence of the decemvirs had confounded all hasty insidts, which did not amount to the fract- ure of a limb, by condcinniiig the aggressor to the common jjcnalty of twenty-five d.sKt'n, Hut the .same denomination of money was (-educed, in three centuries, from a poumi to the weight of a half an ounce ; and the insoi<'nce of a wealthy Roman indulged himself in the cheap amusement of breaking and satisfying the law of the twelve tables. Vcratius ran through the streets striking on the face Ihe inoffensive pas- .sengers, and his attendant lairse-bearer immedi- ately silen( Cvl their clamors by the legal tender of twenty-five pieces of coi)])er, about the value of In. — Oihhon's Ko.Mi;, ch. 44, p. ;5T0. 2S69. INJURIES, Sensitiveness to. Voltaire. His fame had raised him uj) enemies. liis .sen- sibility gave them a formidable ad\antage over him. They were, indeed, contemptible as.sail- ants. Of all that they wrote against him, noth- ing has survived except what he has him.self l)reserved. But the constitution of his mind re- sembled the constitution of those bodiesin which the slightest scratith of bramble or the bite of a gnat never fails to fester. — M.\c.\ulay's Fkko- i':itiCK TiiK Gi{ic.\T, p. 58. 'i§rO. INJURY, Mutual. (%irl,'.<< I.— Rupert. Prince Ru])ert has often been called the evil ge- nius of Charles, but it would ])erhaps Ixi (luite as true, if not more so, to designate (.'harles as tlie evil genius of Rupert. There is, no doubt, a not unnatural |)rejudice against tlu^ i)rince, as a foreigner, commanding the royal army against the arms of the Parliament and the peo{)le. — Hood's Cito.MWKi, I,, ch. !), p. 128. 2171. INJUSTICE with Cruelty. C alii a a. [After the battle of Marathon one] of the bar- barians happening to meet [Callias, the torch- bearer,] in a private place, and probably taking him for a king, on account of his long hair and tlie fillet which he wore, prostrated himself be- fore him, .and taking him by the hand, showed him a great ipiantity 'if gold that was hid in a well. iJut Callias," not less t:ruel than unju.st, took away the golil, and then killed the man that had given him information of it, lest he thing to others. — Pi.u- sliould mention the T.VUC'Il's AUISTIOIOS. 2172. INJUSTICE reproved. Puritaun. a.d. 10(17. The Mohawks committed ravages ncjir Northampton on the Connecticul River, and the \ i m M-^ LN.Il STICK— INQUISITION. general court of MaKsuchiisclts luldrcsswl them 11 iottcr : " We never yet did any wron^ to you or any of yours" — such was the iau^ua^'e of the Puritan diplonuitists — " neither will w(! take any from you, hut will rij^ht our people ac- cording to justice." — Bancuokt'h U. S., vol. 2, ch. 14. asra. injustice, stigma of. Cirffo. Cice- ro iinagiiu^d that the world looked upon him as its saviour. In his own (^yes he was another Honudus, a second founder of Home. The; world, unfortunately, had formed an entirely (lifTerent estimate or him. The prisoners had been killed on tlu^ 5th of Deeemher. On tiie last day of tluiyfNir it was usual for the out-go- ing consuls to review the events of their term of oflice before the Senate ; and Cicero had i)re- pared a speecii in which he had gilded his own performances with all his eiocjuence. M(!tellus commenced his tribunate with forl)id(ling (Mce- ro to deliver iiis oration, and forbidding him on the special ground that a man who had put Ro- man citizens to death without allowing them a hearing did not himself deserves to be heard. In the midst of the confusion and ujiroar which followed Cicero could only shriek that he had saved his country, a declaration which could have been dispensed with, since he had .so often Insisted upon it already without producing the assent which he desired, — Fhoudk's C^sau, ch. 12. a§r4. INNOCENCE, False. "Bet Flint." Poor Bet [a woman of the town] was taken up on a charge of stealing a counterpane, and tried at the OKI Hailey. Chief Justice , who loved a wench, summed up favorably, and she was accpiitted. After which Bet said, with a gay and .satisfied air, "Now that the counternane is v>y own. I shall make a petticoat of it." — hos- WKM-'S JOHNSO.N, p. 4(51. a§75. INNOVATION resented. Pcfcr the Grmt. Meantime the aliscnce of tlu^ Czar had given occasion to somi.' disturbances in the empire. The spirit of iimovation wliich he had already slK)wn, and the further fruits expected from bis foreign travels, gave great disgust to a l)ar- barous people wedded to their ancient man- ners. The ambition of Sophia fomented these dis(iuiets, and tlu' Strelitzes bad determined to place that ])rincess upon the throne. At this important juncturi' Peter returned to Russia ; he found it necessary to make a most .severe ex- ertion of his i)ower ; and he took that opportu- nity of entirelyMinnihilating tlial dangerous body of tlu; Strelitzes who by this revolt furnished him with a just pretext. " Tliey had marcthed in arms to Mo.scow. The regular troops of the Czar, headed by Gordon and another foreign ollicer, attacked and totally defeated them ; a vast number was slain ; their leaders who were taken prisoners were broken ujion th(! wlieel ; two thousand were hanged ujjon the walls of Moscow and on the side of the high roads, and the rest banished with their wives and children into the wilds of Siberia. Thus the whole of this formidable body Wiis destroyed, and their name abolished forever. The astonisluid Rus- sians beheld this dreadful example with silent terror, which paved the way for an easy sub- mission to all those innovations which the Cziir afterwards made in the constitution, police, lawH, and customs of his empire. — Tvti.kk'b Hist., Hook 6, ch. ;{5, p. 47«. ilM76. INNS, Attractive. Kiit/lin,)/. In the seventeenth (H'ntury England ai)ounde(l with ex- cellent inns of every rank. The traveller .some- times, in a small village, lighteil on a public house such as Walton has descrihed, where the bric:k floor was swept clean, where the walls wen? stuck round with ballads, where liie sheets smelt of lavender, and where a blazing tire, a cup of good ale, and a dish of fronts fresh from llu* neighboring brook were to be procured at small charge. At the larger hons(w of entertaiimient were to be found beds hung with silk, choic(! cookery, and claret e(pial to the best which was drunk In London. The innkee))ers too, it was said, wei'(! not like other innkee])ers. On the Continent the landlord was the tyrant of those; who cros,se(l the threshold. In p]ngland he; was a servant. Never was an Englishman nii)re at home than when he took hisea.se in his iiui. . . . The liix.'rty and jollity of inns long furni.xlicd matter to our novelists and dramatists. Johnscm declared that a tavern chair was the throne of human felicity ; and Slienstone gently complain- ed that no private roof, however friendly, gave the wanderer so warm a welcome as that which was to be found at an inn. — ^Iacail/Vv's En(;., ch. 3, p. !}.")9. aS7r. INQUISITION, Abominable. In Spain. A wise and vigorous though a .severe adminis- tration characterized the beginning of the reign ot Ferdinand and Isabella. Spain Wii>- ;it this time in great di.sorder — the whole cf)untiy Avasa prey to robbers and outlaws. Even the nobility lived by depredation, and defendc'd tliem.selves in their castles against every legal attempt to re- strain their violence. The new nionarchs of Cas- tile and Arriigon determined to repress these enormities. The castles of the i)ir!iti18. 2SrS. INQUISITION, Romish. Fmux,'. With a view to consolidate the eoniiuest, the Inquisi- tion was formally established at Toulou.se by a council held there in November, 12'2i), the office of in(iui.sitors being intrusted to tlie order of the Dominicans, or Friars Preachers. . . . Its pro- ceedings took place in .secret ; no advocates were permitted to plead, no witnesses were produced. INSANITY-INSINCKIUTY. 343 The ()hj(!(t WHS to extort llic coiifcssioii of ciiiiic tliroii^li tlic inortil ami pliysicul |)rostratioii of tlic iiiiscnihlc vicliin ; and to tliiscml the iiiosi ini(|ui- toiis and revolt iii.n' incaiH wecc eiiiploved with- out scruple ; the most siiiitle trickery, the most unl)hishiiiir deceit, the most ruthless torture. On certain occasions, which soon liecame fre(|uenl, the Holy Olllce puhlishcd its sentences aiul intlict- ed ilspunishnients. Ol Ihe latterthere were three dcfjrecH ; those who had made absolute suhmis- sion, and were deemed the least criminal, were adniitt(!(l to penances ; those who had not f;:iven eompl(!to satisfaction (tla; most numiTous class) were immured for lite in prison ; those who stuh- hornly rcifused to confess, or who relapsed after confession, werr; committed to the tlames. — Sti- DioNTs' Fkanci:, eh. U, tj 2. 2879. INSANITY, Capacity with. (!,<,r!/r 11 f. At the moment of passlnji the Stamp Act , (Jeorf,^!' III. was cra/ed. . . . [lie had) tauij;ht the world that ii hit of i)archment hearin^j IIk; si^^n of his hand, scrawh'd in flie flickerinii lij^ht of clouded reason, eoidd, under the British constitution, ilo the full legislative otllee of tli(! Uinj^. Had he heen a private man, his sijinature coidd have driven validity to no commission whatever. — Hanc'uokt's U. S., vol. T), eh. 11. 2§M0. INSANITY feared. Samuel .Miiinoi,. To .lohnson, whose su])renie enjoyment was the exercise of his reason, thedisturhancc^ or obscura- tion of that facidty was the evil most to Ik; dread- ed. In.sanity, therefore, was the object of his most dismal apprehension ; and he fancied him- self seized by it, or a])])roa(hin,i; to it, attlu? very time when he was Kivin^' proofs of a niori! than ordinary soundness ami vij^or of judgement. — HosWHI.l/s .loll.NSON, ]). l:J. 'inni. INSANITY, Moral. CainhiixcH. [The Persian monarch and son of Cyrus.] His con- duct was such as to bear every mark of iu.saiiity. In an inconsiderate (expedition aurainst the yEthi- opians, \\{' thnjw away the greater part of his army. Fifty thousaiul men, sent into tlKMleserts of Ammon, |)erished throu,ij;h fatijj^ue and fam- ine. With a deliberate puri)o.se of wantonly ex- asi)eratin!>: th(! Egj'ptians, who were (lis])()sed to the mostpeatu'ablesubmission, { "am byses ordered the mauiiilicent temple of Thebes to be ])illagc(l and burnt. At the celebration of the festival of Apis, at .Mein|)his, he stabbed the sacred ox with his poniard, ordered tli(i priests to bo .seouryed, and massacred all the i)eople who assl.sted at the sacritice. He ]iut to death his brother Smer- (lis, because he dreamed that he saw him seated on the throne ; and when his wife and sister, Meroe, lamented the fate of her brother, he killed her with a stroke of his foot. To prove his dex- terity in archery, he pierced tlu; son of his favor- ite Prexaspes thouu'h the heart with an arrow. — Tytlkk's Hiht.; Mook 1, eh. 11, p. 116. 2882. INSANITY, Perils from. Sir Wilier Scott. At Ihe a,i!;e of einhteen months the boy had a teethinj:;'-fever, ending? in a life-long lame- ness ; and this was the reason why the child was sent to reside with his grandfather ... at Sandy- Knowe, near the ruined tower of Smailholm, celebrated afterward in his ballad of " The live of St. John," in tlu^ neighborhood of some tine crags. To these crags the housemaid sent from Edinburgh to look after him used to carry him uj), with a design (which s.ic confessed to the housekeei)ers) — due, of course, to incipient in saidly — of miu'dering the I'hild thereand burying him in Ihe moss. Of course the maid was (lis- nd.ssed. — Hitton's Likk ok Scott, eh. I. 288JI. INSANITY, Religious. WWiom ( o,r- per. [His life had become an almost endless round of devoliomd exercises, without recrea- tion.] His mod(M>f life under [Hev. .lohn] New- Ion was enough to account for Ihe return of his di.sease, which in this .sense may be fairly lidd to the chargeof religion. He again went nnid, fan- cied, as before, that he was rejected of Heaven, ceased to pray as one helplessly doomed, and again att(>!npled suicide. Newton and Mrs. Un- win at first treated I he disease as a (liaboli(;al visi- tation, and " with deplorable consistency," to borrow Ihe phrase used by oiieof their friends in Ihe case of Cowper's desperate tdistinence from prayer, abstained from calling in a i)hyBician. Of this, again, their religion must bear Ihe reproach. In other respects they behaved admirably. Mrs. Unwiii, shul up for sixteen months with her un- hapi)y partner, tended him with unfailing love ; alone she did it, for he could bear no one else about him ; though, to make her i)art more try- ing, he had conceived the insane id"a that she hated him. Seldom has a stronger jjroof been given of the sust;iining jiower of alTection. — SMITir'S ("OWI'KH, ( li, ii. 2884. INSANITY, Royal. O'eorf/e III. jlle was incapacitated for Ihe duties of his jiositloM, at various times, from insanity ; during the last nine years of his life he was in a demented con- dition.]— Knk hit's ENd. 2885. INSENSIBILITY to Suffering. Wmi, p. 610. 2886. INSINCERITY, Blemish of. Jiili>i.'< Or- mir. So ended Cicero, a tragic combination of magnificent talents, high aspirations, and true desire to do right, with an infirmity of purpo.se and a latent insincerity of character which neu- tralized and could almost make us forget his no- bler (lualities. ... In (.'icero nature half n!ud(e a great man and left him uncom])teled. — Fnouoic's C^:s.\R, eh. 27. 2887. INSINCERITY of Jesuits. DisHem- hUnej. [When, in loHO, tlu; Jesuits invaded Eng- land, they maintained that (iueen Elizabeth was not only a heretic but also a usurper, and that the pope had a right to (le])rive her of her crown. | Gregory XIII. opcened the door for the evasion of this cliarge by granting to Romanists permis- sion to di.ssemble. under the color of an expla- nation, "that the bull should be considered as always in force against Elizabeth and the he- retics, but should only be binding on Catholics when due execution of it could be had" — that is, that they should obey till they were strong enough to throw off their allegiance. — Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. VI, p. 180. ■I .' ';! ( Ml r !■■" ♦j44 INSOLKNCE— INSULT. I ■( i ilMMM. INSOLENCE, Consummate. .liffiriiH. Th(! rcii('i;ii(li' soon found a [mlroii in llic oIkIimuIc and n!VcnL?cfiil .James, but was alwiiVH rc^^anlcd witli scorn and disirust l)y ("liarlcs, wliosc t'anlts, ijrciit MS llicy wiTc, liad no allinity with inso- lence and cruelty. " Tiial man," said tliekin^, "has no learnini;, no sense, no manners, and more im|>uilence liian ten carted streetwalkers." Work was to he done, liowever, which could be trusted to no man who reverenced law or was sensible of shame ; and thus JelTrevs, at an a^e at which a barrister thinks himself' fortunate if he is em|)loye(l to lead an important cause, was made chief justice of the Kinj;'s Hench [by .lames II. |. — Macaii.ay's IOmi., cli. 4, p. 420. 2MM0. INSOLENCE, EcclesiasticaL l'oi>e (hr//- oi-ji \'ll. [Heinir deposed by the pope,] Henry [1I.|, now reduced to extremity, was forced to dc^precate the wrath of that power which he had formerly ao much despised. Attended by a few ulse, -which directed and even compelled his march to the gates of Home. — UinnoN's HoMi:, ch. :5I, p. 240. 2»».|. INSPIRATION, Professed. Jonu of Are. The sorceress was eighteen years of age ; sin- was a beautiful and most desirable girl, of good height, and with a sweet and heart-touching ■.oice. She entered the s])lendid circle with all humility, "like' a poor little shei)herdess,' distinguished at the first glance the king, who had purposely kept him.self amid the crowd t)f courtiers; and although at first Ik; nniintained that he was not the king, she fell down and em- braced his knees. Hut as he; had not been(;rown- I ed, sheonly styled him dauphin. " Gentle dau- i phin," she addressed him, " my nameis.Iehanne ! la Pucelle. Tin; King of Heaven sends you i ^^()rd by me that you shall be con.secrated and crowned in the city of Hheims, and shall be lieu- tenant of the King of Heaven, who is King of France." — .Miciiioi.kt's ,J()\n oi' Aiic, \y 9. iSMOS. INSPIRATION, Proof of. .ha,, of Are. Charles (lesigneiily dressed himself far less richly than many of his courtiers were apjiartilled, and mingled with them when .Joan wiis introduced, in order to see if the Holy Maid would address her exhortations to the wrong jierson. Hut she instantly singled him out, and kneeling before him, said: " Most noble dauphin, the King of Heaven announces to you by me that you sliall be anointed and crowned king in the city of Uheiins, and that you shall be His vicegerent in France." His features may i)robal)ly havel)een .seen by her previously in portraits, or hav(> been described to her l)y others ; but she herself be- lieved that her Voices inspired her when shead- dressed the king ; and the rejiort soon si)read ai)road that the Holy Maid had found the king- by a miracle. — I)i:cisivi<; Hatti.ks, s^ 874. •2896. INSULT more than Injury. AnthK. The nice sense of honor wliich weighs the insult rath- er than the injury sheds its deadly venom on the (piarrels of the Arabs ; tlie honor of their -wom- en and their heurdx is most easily wounded ; an indecent action, a conteini)tuous word, (;an be expiated only by the blood of tlieofrender ; and INSULT— INSULT8. 345 such in tliv tlieniselves, tiioughl that the old man would lie easily ju-o- ])itiate(l by an alih'rman's gown, and by some compensation in money for llii! projicrty which his grandsons had forfeited. . . . Killin wa.s ordered to attend at the palace. He found u brilliant circle of noblemen and geiitlenien as- sembled. James iminedialely came to him, spoke to him very graciously, and concluded by .saying, " 1 have jiut you down. .Mr KiMiii. for an alderman of r^onduii." The old man looked tixedly at the king, burst into tears, and made answer, "Sir. 1 am worn out; 1 am unlit to serve your Majesty or the city. And. sir, the death of my poor boys broke my heart. That wound is as fresh as ever. I shall carry it to my grave." The king stood silent for a minute in some confusion, and then said, " Mr. Killin, I will tind a balsam for that sore." Assuredly James did not mean to .say anything cruel or in- solent. . . . They are the words of a hard-heart- ed and low-minded man. unable to conceive any liiceration of the aiTections for whicli a jilace or a pension would not be a full compeii.sation. — M.\c.\ui,.\v's Eno.. ch. 7, p. 'iVl. 390-1. INSULTS, Argument by. Satnnd ,l>ihu- X'Di'k. The great lexicograiilier, sjioiled liy the liomage of s<;ciety. Avas still more prone than (ioldsmith to lose tenii)er when the argument went against him. He could not brook ai)pearing to lie worsted, but would attempt to bear down his adversary by the rolling thunder of his peri- ods ; and when that failed, would become down- right insulting. Boswell called it "having re- course to some sudden mode of robust sophis- try ;" but Goldsmitli designated it much more ha]ii)il)'. " There is no arguing with Johnson," .said he, "for when /tin pidol tnix.'HK Jire, he knocks you (hum, irith tlw butt ind of it." — HiViNO's Goi.DHMiTir, ch. 19, p. 127. 3905. INSULTS with Misfortunes. Jamts II. [When his i)erversity had ruined all his ])ros- pects, lie I'alled a council of eminent men. Eng- land was now invaded b} William of Orange.] Then Clarendon rose, and, to th( astonish- ment of all who remembered his loud profes- sions of loyalty and the agony of shame and .sorrow into which he liad lieen thrown, only a few days before, by the news of his .son's defec- tion, broke forth into a vehement invective against tyranny and popery. " P^ven now," he said, " his Majesty is raising in London a regi- I vi 346 INTKrJ.KCT— INTKMPKIlANCi:. Ij:i I f •i I iiu'iil iiilu wliicli IK) Pnilcslanl is iidmiltcd." " Tliiit is not Inic," cried . Fumes, in jrreiil a;,dlii tioii, from the iiead of tlie lioard. Clareiidoii IM-rsisted, and left liiis olTensive to|)ie only to Dans to a topic still more olTensive. lie accused tlie iinfortnnate kini; of piisillaidmity. Wiiy retreat from Salislmry '.' W'liy not try the event of a 1 little '! Could peojile liehlamed for siil)miltiiij,' to the invader when they saw their soverei;,fii run away at the head of ids army ? James felt these insidls keenlv, and rcinemliered themlon^. — ,Ma(\ii,.\v'k Kn(i., ch. II, p. IM-J. aOO«. INTELLECT clouded. ./«//<.//.■<. His le- pd knowledge, indeed, was merely such as he had i)ieked up in practice of no very hi>,di kind ; hut he had one of those ha])pily-c()nstitute(l in tellects which, across labyrinths of sophistry and throuj.di masses of immaterial facts, ;ro strai/^dit to the true itoint. Of his intellect, however, he seldom had Ihi' full \ise. Kveii in civil c:ii:;-es his malevolent and despotic tcmjH'r peri)etually dis- ordered his judj^ment. . . . ilis looks ,ind tones Inid inspired terror wIk'Ii he was merely a youn.ij advocate struit;:;lin;j into practice. Nilw that la- was at the head of the most forinidalilc ti'i])unal in the realm, there were few indeed who did not tremhle hefore 1dm. Kven when he was .-^dier, liis violence was sulllciently frifihtful ; hut in general his reason was overclouded and his evil j)a.ssions stimulated liy the fumesof intoxication. Ilis evenings were ordinarily given to revelry. People who saw him only over his hollle would liave sui)i)osed Idm to lie a man gross indeed, sottish. — .M.\(Ati..\Y's Kn(!., ch. 4, \). 418. aOOr. INTELLECT, Dullness of. ,T,>ln, Ihir- (ird. .John Howard, therefore, was a decidedly illiterate man. lie spelled very incorrectly, and expressed himself on ])ap(T in the most awk- ward and ungramnnttical manner. He was jn-ohablv 11 dull boy, us he was rather a dull man. There is no (piestion that, in |)()int of mere intellect, he was not much above the aver- age of English tradesmen. — Ovci.ui'KUI.k oh' BioG., p. ,V2. SOON. INTELLECT, Farsimonions. La (it Grec/in. The Greeks of Constantinople, after purging away the impurities of their vulgar sixjech, acquired the free use of their ancient lan- guage, the most happy coinjjosition of human iut, and a familiar knowledge of tiiJfN>f>. INTELLECT, Uncultivated. Aim rim u Jiiiliiiiin. The red man has aptitude :il indtatioii rather than invention ; he learns easily : his natu- ral logic is correct and discriminaiing, and he sei/.cs on the nicest distinctions in comparing objects. Mut he is detlcieni in the |iower of im- agination to combine and bring unily into his lloating fancies, and in the facidty of abstraction to lift himself out of the dominion of his imme- diate (-xpcrieiice. lie is nearly destitute of ab- stract moral truth — of general principles ; and as a conseipicnee e(|ualling the while man in the .sagacity of the senses, and in judgments resting on tlieiii, he is inferior in reason and the moral i|ualities. — H.wcitoK'r's llis'i'. i>v I'. S,, vol. U, ch. '.'I'. !l«IO. INTELLIGENCE, Poverty of. Siniiid Jiihiisdii. Speaking of a dull, tiresome f(-llow, whom he chanced to meet, he said, " That fel- low .s(-(-ms to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong one." — Hohwki.i.'s .Ioiinso.n, p. 177. tiffll. INTEMPERANCE, Ancient. " X»ni„iii (it'iitt)'iin II." [In l()ll(»| the" wealthy curh-d dar- lings" pas.scd their time- in l)an(pieting and drunk- enness, in idle talk and gainblinn'. — Knkuit'h Kno., vol. 1, ch. Id, p. 221. ilOlil. . All. Ill mil r. Alexander, as soon as he retired from the funeral i>ile jwhen! an [iidiaii prince named Calanus had bei-n con- sumed], invited his friends and otlicers to supper, and, to give lite to the carou.sal, promised that the man who drank most should be crowin-d for hi.s victory I'romachus drank four measures of wine (about fourteen ((uarts), and carried oil' the crown, which was worth a talent, but survivt-d it only thrc(^ days. The rest of the guests, a.s Charles tells us, drank to such a degree that forty-one of thein lost their lives, the weather coining upon them extreiiu^ly cold during their intoxication. — Pi.i'r.vHcii's Alkx.x.ndku. 2913. INTEMFEBANCE a fine Art. Ci/niM. [Cyrus wrote the Laccda-monians for assistance. In his letter he] spoke in very high terms of him- s(-lf, telling them he had a greater and more jirincely heart than his brother ; that he was the better ])hilosoi)her, being instructed in the- doc- trines of the Magi, and that he could drink and bearinon- wine than his brotlu-r. — Pi.it.vkcii'h AUTAXKKXKS. 2914. INTEMPERANCE, Blight of, Ki/i/,ir Al- I'tii /'ill-, [lie was engaged to marry oik- of the most brilliant young women of N(-w England. After the bans W(-re jaiblished hewas.se(-n] reel- ing through thestreclsof the (it v which wasthe lady's home ; and in the evening that should have been the evening before the bridal, in his drunkenness Ik- committed at lu-r house such outrages as made necessaiy a summons of the l)oli(-e. [He was afterward found in the street.s of Haltiinore dni'ik and dying, and closed his life in the li()si)ilal.| — S.mii.ks' Dkikk JiioouA- riiii:s, p. :541. 2915. INTEMPERANCE, Burdens of. Baijit- min FvimkUii. [He took a young Boston friend with him on his return to Philadelphia.] On the journey [young] Franklin discovered that Ilis friend had become a slave to drink. He was sorely jilagued and disgraced by him and at last the young drunkard had spent all his m-y, and INTKMl'KllANC i:. 347 had no way of i;rttin>r <>ii •>'•( l)y Kruiikliirsuld. | . . . He sliaicd his purse willi'liim till it wuh cmiily, iiihI tlicii licpm on hoiiio iiioiu'y which lie litui Ik'cii iiili-iiHicd wilii for uiioliicr, iiiul so i ifol iiiin to l*hilu(lrii)hiii, when' he slill iissi.stcd ! him. It WHS sfvi'ii years liet'ore Friini<]iii coiilil ' IMiy olT all Ihe delil.— Cvri.oi'KDi.v oi' Uioti., p. i:i(». 'JOKt. INTEMPERANCE destroys Character, I)i>-ii "a spirit of lift; in every- thing;," there was a ))arish feast, which the church-wardens had prepared for hy an ale-l)rew- inp [called ('hurcli-ale| ; and the profit that was made by lillini; the black-jacks of thi; jovial countrymen was applied to tin; repairs of the church. Fancy-fairs hav(! superseded Whilsun- iiles. — Knkjht'h Eno., vol. ;{, cli. H(, p. 'lTy\. 301A. INTEMPERANCE oommon. Kwiluml. 1598. [Stubbes .suys| every country, city. town, village, and other places hath abundance of iil(!houses, taverns, and itms, which arc so frauifbt Avith nndt-worms night and day that you woidd wonder to .sc(' them. [Kidght says| there were ])unishments for low debauchery, such as the drunkard's cloid\. Against this growing sin. which was creeping up from \\\v peasant and mechanic to tiie yeom.an and thi^ courtier, the preachers lifted \\\\ their voices in the jiulpil, ami not always in vain. — Knuwit's K.vo., vol. U, ch. 16, p.' 242. 2919. INTEMPERANCE in Court. Trial ,>f Strafford. [On the trial of Stratford l)y Parlia- ment it is .sjud thiit| after ten o'clock bottles of beer and w'xnv. were going from mouth to mouth without (•u])s. — Knioiit's Hn*;., vol. ;{, ch. 28, p. 450. 2930. INTEMPERANCE, Crime by. F,„0. aOiW. INTEMPERANCE, Custom of. h'nf/hi,!,/, 1742. The Duke of Newcastle gave a great diimer at Claremont to his colleagues. The ser- vants, as was cnstonuiry at this period, all got drindt. — Kniout's Kno., vol, (1, ch. 7, p. 108. 49'J:i. . Lorihof Monors [Kcigu of Charles II. j His table was loailiMl with coarst! plenty, and guests were cordially welcomed to It ; bill, as the habit of drinking to excess wa.s general in the class to which he belonged, and as his forhme did not enable him to intoxicati; large assemblies daily with claret or canary, strong beer was the ordinary bevcranc The ([uanlily of beer consunK'il in those das s was in- deed enormous : for beer then was tothcndddle and lower classes not oidy all that beer now is, liul all that wine, tea. aiKranletil spirits now are. It was only at grent, houses or on great occasions that forciiin drink was placed on the board. The ladies of the house, whose l)usin(ss it had com- monly been to cook Ihe re|)ast, retired as soon as the dishes had been devonreil, and li'fl the gen- tlemen to their ale and tobacco, The coar.so jollity of the afternoon was often jirolonged till Ihe revellers wcri; laid under the table. — ,M.\- iAi;i..\v's Hnu., ch, M, p, 29!i. a92'l. INTEMPERANCE, Debased by. Xopo- li'oii, I. "The Knglish," said he, " apjiear to prefer the bottle to the society of their ladies, as is ex(wnplilied by dismissing the ladies from the table, and remaining for hours to diiidi and intoxicat(! themselves. Were I in Kngland, I slnaild certainly leave the table \\ilh the ladies." — Aiuioi't's N.vi"oi.i:oN H., vol. 1. ch. 7. 2923. INTEMPERANCE, Diseased by. .1'/- i/iikIuh (uiLriii-i. His death was occasioned bva very painful and lingering disorder. His body, .swelled by all intemperate course of life to an unwieldy corpulence, was covered with ulcers, and devoured by innumerable swarms of those insects which liavi' given their name to a most loatlisoiiK! disease.— (Jimho.n's Ho.mk, ch. 14, p. 470. 2920. INTEMPERANCE in Eating. Holinuni. Soliman [the Mohan niiedan i aliph { died of an in- digestion in his camp near Kinnisrin or Chalcis in Syria, as he was [ireparing to lead against Con- stantino])lc the remaining forces of the East. XoTK. — The caliph had emptied two l)askets of eggs and of tigs, which he swallowed alternately, and the repast was concluded with marrow and sugar. In one of his pilgrimages to Mecca, Soli- man ate, at a single meal, seventy pomegranates, a kid, six fowls, and a huge quantity of the grapes of Taycf. If the bill of fare be correct, we must admire theaiipetite rather than the lux- ury of the sovereign of A.sia. — (tIUHOn's Ko.mk, ch. 52, p. 280. 2927. . Sdinitd JohhKoi). It must be owned that .Johnson, though he could be rigidly (ibxtcniiotin, was not a U tiijx'nttt' man either in eating or drinking. He could refrain, 34H intkmi'i:han( K J' I .} I)itt lie ('i)iilil iiol nsi> inodcralcly. lie lold iiir tliat \u; IiikI IuhIciI two dayM willioiit incdiiviii' iciK'c, and thai lie liad iirvi-r hcrii Iniiiirry Iml (iiicc. 'I'lii'v wild liclicld Willi wonder liow niiirli lie I'al ii|M>n ail occa.Hidiis when Ids dinner was to Ids laMie, I'liidd nol easily riiiieeive wli.il lieiiiilsl have meant liy hunger ; and not ipnly was lie i-e niarl\aliie I'or the extraordinaiv (|iiantity whicli lie eat, lint he was, or all'eeled to lie, a man of u very nice discernnieiit in t lie science dl cook- I'ry. — |{(iswi:i,i,'s .loiiNsdN, p. |:!(). tlOilM. INTEMPERANCE, Example of. /''->/■ t/>r Viiii/i;/. ['{"lie S|iartMiis had many slaves called Ileloles, Sometimes they I made them drink nii til they wen; intoxicated, and in tlial condilioii led them into the iiiililic halls, to show the Ndiiiii; lueii what drunkenness was. They ordered them to simr iiieitn sontrs and to dance ridiculous ilanccs, lint not to niedrematuie inleinperance. ]— (tiniidNs Ito.Mi;, ch. 41, 1), 1 ti». 99:11. . Af<.r,n,il,rf/i<' droit. One i9:i0. INTEMPERANCE throuKb Hosmtality. Trnitiiiii. \\\ the ( iimmeiic<'ment of 11. i eiiili- teenth century I the li.irbarous hospitalitv that in- duced •' gentlemen to think it was one ot the lii. Thirty of the English were tdinahawked, . . . The retiri nieiit . . . U;- came a iianic and a rdiil. — UiDi'ATii'ri U. 8., ch. 84, [), ^70. 4911. INTEMPERANCE, Power of. Wm: The intemperate thirst of strong licjuors often INTKMl'KKANi K. 349 ur^cd I he Imrlmriiiii to Inviiili' tin- pri)vii». cs on whicli art or imliiir imil liolnwcil lliusc miicli I'livii'd pri'sciits. 'I'lic 'I'iMciiii who li»iiii\i'l IiIm coiiiiti-y to the Ccllic iiiilioiw Mllraclcil lit'iii into Italy liy llic |i|-os|ic('t of tlic lidi I'l ^ and (|i lii'iolis \\iiii'-<, llic pi'oilllrtiolis of u III >|)li'r cliriiMlr. And ill the HaiiK' iiiaiiiii'i' llic (ii'i ;iiaii aii\ili:ii'ir'*, invllcd into I'rtiiicc (liiriiiir lli((i\il wars of llic Nixici'iitli cciiiiwy, wi ' allured liy llic promise of plciilcinis (piarlcr-i in llic prov- inces of ('liainpa;,'nc and l'.ui.;iindy. Drunken- iicHs, ilie niosi illilicral, Inii hdI ihe most daiiircr- oiis of (Hir vices, was somclimes caimlile, in ii less civjii/.cd stale of mankind, of occasjonin;,' a lialtle, a war, or a rcvniiitioii.— (liiiiioNH HoMt ell. )>, p. UC.'), ilflltl. INTEMPERANCE prolonged, IHoui/nin^. The reins of that moiuiKliv wiiicli i>ioiiysins vainly called adamaiilinc fell .i;radiiall,\ from llic loos(> and dissolute hand llial li< 1.');{ Colonel Hutchinson, M.l'., ill Ihe i)arl of tlie country wiien; lie lived | procured unnecessary ale houses to he put down in all llic towns; and if any one that he heard of suiT'ered any disorder or delcuichery in his house, ji(! would not sufTcr him to lirew any more. He was a liillc severe against drunk enness, lor which the lirunk.irils would some- times rail at him. — IvMoirr's Km;. , vol. 4, eh. 1 1 , p. 172. 'ifM5. INTEMPERANCE renounced, Xortmiiht. Tiiey renounced that lirulal iiilcinpcranct' to wliich all tiie other liranclies of tlie frreat (Jer- mail family were lo') much inclined. The polite lu.xury of the Norman presented a strikiiiir con- trast to the coarse voracity and drunkenness of his Saxon and Daiiisii iieiirlibors. lie loved to display his iiia^Miiliceiice, not in hiiire piles of food and hou-sheads of slronu; drink, hut in lari^e luid stalely oditices, rich armor, ^.allant horses, choice falcons, well-ordered tournaments, han(piels delicate ralli r than idMindant, and wines rem.ii'kalije lathci for llieirex(piisil(! flavor tlian for tin ir intoxicatini,'i)owcr. — .M.vc'Ai:l.vy's E.fci., ch. 1, ]). 11. a» l«. INTEMPERANCE, Revenue from. St„t<'. [The national debt of (Jre.it l?rilain washciiuii hy iiorrowinij ten millions of money to carry on the war of VVilliaiu 111. .•'irainst Louis XIV. The loan w;is secured liy| ' An Act for irrantin^ to llu'ir nia,jesties certain r .te.s and duties of excise ipon beer, ale, and other li(]m)rs."— Knkuit'k K.-^a., vol. T), ch. 10, p. l.'iti. 2ft 17, INTEMPERANCE, Shameful. Itfinnof JameH ll. There w(!retwo I'ldlcstanl incmhers i)f the cabinet who took no decided jiart in the sli. j/fiie. .lelTi vs was lit thai time t(»rtiired liy a cruel intiTtial iiialadv wliicii liad been i\)i)iv\\- vate(ralK'e. A' a dinnir which a wealthy alderm.'iii uiivc *o some of tin li adinir incmliers of Ihe p)\ei(imt'iit, Ihe lord inasiircr and the lord cliaiiccllur wire so ili imk llml 'hey t-'ripped llienisclvcs almo-i --iMrk linked, and were with diUlcully prevented licim climbiiijf up a sij,'u po- to drink his .Majesty's heallh. — NIa ( MI.AV's ,,.\(i , ch .|, p. (l! a9'IM. INTEMPERANCE, 8hamele». bh^jM. Noble Mril'.iis, m|i to the i nd of tin iuhteeiitli eeiiliiry, Ihoiijiiii ii m disjrrace to a genllcinait to be led reclini: jioni'' oy the watchman, or to fail under the ImI 1e. whilst iiiiiarin,nn-,' from iiis liii|rer as by Ihc band and ras- Hock wliich he wears, — Knk'iut'h Kno., vol. .'i, ell. HO, ;> HIS tiOlft. INTEMPERANCE endanger! the State. Ihitlh tif (ii riiKiiitoirii. The dclas- in thearri\id of theammuiiilion waj^ons was pr^dii' tiveofthc most serious CI. ii-c([uenees in the .k lion of the HUi reedin^r (la_\ |to the Americans|. The trcii- end olllcer to whom the blame of tlii- delay is allaclied was afterward discovered in a state of intoxication, lyiiif,Mii Ihc'ornerof a fence. |ln the midst of the battle Ihc aiiiinunilioii f.iiled.] lie wasbrouiiiil loii court martial and caslinred. — C'rsTis' AVasiiinoton, vol. 1, ch. l. ilOAO. INTEMPERANCE, Strange. Turturn. The wiiiesof a lia|)pierclimale are the most irrate- fiil jirescnt, or the most valuable com mod ily, that can lie oll'ered lo the Tartars ; and the only ex- ample of their industry seems to consist in the art of extracting from mare's milk a fermeiiled liipi' r. which possesses a very sironji' power of into ication — OiiiiioNs Ho.mk, ch. 'M. ]>. *>. 2ft '> I . INTEMPERANCE, Suppression of. //// Li'f/is/iit 'II. I In IT.Vi, I o suppress the c\ ils of] drinkiiii; ^in, additional duties wen iniposcil from time to time ; and the consumiilini. of ihi liipiid tire became ,'iaduaily diminishei I not so niiicli, perhaps, by the operation of tlu duties as by the fj;enenil improvement of a'U classes of society. Drunkenness in the time of (Jeori^e 11. was the vice of Ihe lii^di as well as the low. When it became adis^rrace for a jrenlleiiuin lobe drunk, it iniLilit reasonably lie cxpcriid that Ihe artisan would .see that his own character and liis own liai)pine.ss were compromised by drunken- ness. — Kxiiiirr's Knc, vol. (i, ch 1'? p. I'.tl. 2ft52. INTEMPERANCE. Victim of S'url'hin. Tlie same ni^dit i which Sheridan had elect i ilied Parliament with his cloipiencc he miiihl have been picked up drunk in the streets. — Knioiit's Enc.., vol. 8, ch. '11, p. 402. 2ft5:t. . /iWm; //?///■;/.«, havili'Lrotle from his jjloULdi to become the siioilcd i iiild of Hdinburirh society, fell into habits of intem- perance. — IvNKinr's K.\<;., vol. .S. eli. 7, j). 110. 2ft5-l. , Rolurt IhniiH. Early in the month of .laiiiiary, wlwn his health was in the course of iini)rovemeiit. Hums tarried to a lat<' hiair at a jovial party in the (Jlobc tavern. Hefore returning home, he unluckily remained .:i^*»#;4i!,i ^.A-JjmmBPm. J-ioO INTKMIMlUANrE-TM'Ol.KIlANCK. for Homi' lime Id tin- oiicri ulr, iiml nviriHiwncil li\ till' clTcctH of llic lii|unr III' liad iliiiiik, fill UHlrr|>. . . , A fiiUil clilll piiM'Irali'kl his liKiii'H ; III' rriirllril Ikiiiic willl llli' niiiIs of u rlirilllliltir fi'viT iilrciiily in ]iomm<'h,sIiiii of IiIm wcukriiril fnilili'. Ill this littlr liniilrlll, itllil IIdI ill llir tircssiiri' iif pKViTty it illHrrpiitr, iir wuiinclnl ri'lliiK'* or 'I hrukrii hnirt, truly liiy tlir iletcr- inliilii^' niiisi' of till' sillily Mliortriinl iliivs of txir iiiiIIkiiiiI piM't.— Wii villi' a llriiNs, ( li. t. ilOAA. . h'il!/tl<'Uianliki' of iiii'ii, ri'inarUahly neat in his |i<'r.son, ili'ifant, ami orderly alxml his work, and w liollv uni'Xi rptioii- alilc ill I'ondurt and ili'inrannr. Itiit in a weak nioinrnt, 1i'iii|plrd, prrliaps, \ltifin. The third cause of theci\il war was /Ac triiiil of iiiti rroiirm' Ixtwerti the jh'ojiIi' of the JSorlh nntlt/ic StHitli. 'I'Ik! great railroads anil thorough- fares ran I'^ast anil West. l']migration tlowed from the East to the West. Helweeii the North and South there was little travel or interchange of opinion. From want of acquaintance thepeo- 1)1(', without intendingit, Ivcanie estranged, jeal- ous, suspicious. Tliey misjudged each other's motives ; they misreiircHcuilcd each other's heliefs and |)uriii- they suspected each other of dis- honesty and h. !. Hefore the outhrcak of the war the people oi the two .sections looked upon each other almost in the light of dillerent nation- alities.— HiDi'.vrn'H U. S., eh. 62, p. 4H9. 2ft5«. INTEREST prohibited, liiinn ofllmry yill. It is worthy of notice that in this reign, likewise, the interest of money was first fixed hv law in Hngland. While this continued an arhi- trary matter— that is to .say, while the prohihi- tions of the canon law were in full force, which, as we formerly remarked, condemned all interest as illegal and contrary to the exjiress command of 8crii)ture — its exaction, heing kept secret, was beyond measure exorbitant. Twenty and thirty per cent were, iu the fourteenth century, uc- < niiiited a tnoderale rate of iisani e Henry VIII , by a Ntalule passed in the year b'ltH, for the pun- Ishinenl of usury, limited the li'i;al inlcreMt to tell per cent, at which rate il continued till after the reign of t)ueeii Kli/.aheth.—TvTi. Kit's Miht., Hook A». INTERPRETATION unreetrloted. My- tlioloijii. As the tiiiditioijs of pagan mythology were variously related, the Mnered Interprt'ler* were at liberty to select the most convenient lircumstances ; and as they Iraiisj ited an ariil- trary cipher, they could extract from rehend eacli other." " How was that ?" I .said, with iwlon- ishment. " Simple enough ; I didn't under- stand a word of French ; the mar-lial doesn't know a word of i'lnglish. llehowid tome; I bowed to him. He extended his hand to me ; I extended mine to him. Then all was over." — Tu.WKI.S OK (JkNKU.VI. (JU.V.NT, Jl. HS. ilfHd. INTIMIDATION Buccesaful. C(ti>lrrlmMini( liin, p, mi. "ittWi. INTOXICATION, BeiponiibiUty for, Munlit. I Mi'li'^jiriiiH, ilic jrrnil Koinan ^ji'ni'ral, was (iisiin^niisli.d liy ills llriiinrHs anil Mrvrrily. 'I'woof till- lliiiH, who in II ilninkm ipiari'r! Iiai Hliiin oiii' of tln'ir fi'llow Moidlrrs, wni' insianlly .show II to till' army siispcndi'd on a lofty ^dlilirt. The nalional iijfiiilv was icscnli'd liy thriiToiin Iryini'ii, wii.i iljsclaiinrd tin servile laws of the empire, aurl asserted the free privileife of Seylh- ill. wlieit' ;i .small line was allowed to e.xpiale the hasty sallies of inteinperance and nnifer. Their ( oinplainls were specious, their i Imnors were loud, and the Itomans were no! averse to the ex- ample of disorder and im|)iiiiily. Hut the risin;; sedition was appeased hy (he aiithorily and elo- ipieiireof the ir,.|ii>riti ; and he represented to the assenihled troops the ()lili;,nilion of justice, the importance of discipline, ihe rewards of pieiy and virtue, and llie unpardonalile i.>'iiiil of miir' der, which, in his apprehension, was a,i;L;raviiled rather than excused i)y the vice of into.xication. — (JllllioNS Uo.Mi;, ell. 11, p. l','l. ilfMMK INTRIGUE, Oeniui for, C.iron ([,■ Ih;ni- 7iiiirr/iiiin. ,\.i). 1774. " Is there," said lie tliroiinh De Sartines, Ihe head of the ])oHce |lo Louis | X\'I., twenly yearsof aj,'e, and ahsolulc inoiitirch , of Kraiicel, " anythin;^ which the kinjj; w ishes to i know alone and iit, once — anythiim which he I ■wishes done quickly and .secretly, here am I, who have at his service a head, a heart, arms, and no loni^ue." — M.v.Nc:ii(ii'"r's r..S., vol. 7, eh. 1. ilOOr. INTRIGUER, Saocesiful, SinnlivhuKl [Secretary of Slate under ( 'liarles II.] Liiis Cvs,!,: The \'eiielj had ciilieeied every ship Ihal they or I heir allies possessed loilefeiid themselves, 'they had two hundred and twenty .sail in all — a force, considering ils charaeler, extremely for midable. Their vessels were loo slrong to be rundown. The galleys carried turrets; but Ihe liows and sterns of the N'eiieli were still too lofty to be reached elTcclively by Ihe Uoinall javelins. The IJomans bad the advanlagi' in speed ; but that was all They loo, however, had their ingenuities. They had studied the conslriiclion of the Hiclon ships. •They had pro\ided sickles with long handles, with which they proiioscd to catch the halyards which held the weight of the heavy leather sails. It was not diliicult to do. if, as is probable, the hal yards were made fast, not to the mast, but to Ihe gunwale. Sweeping rapidly alongside they could easily cut them ; Ihe sails woulil fall, and the vessels would be uiimana.Lreable. — Fuoidk's C.ksah, ch. I."), ilOri. INVENTION appreciated. n,>,nrb.,mi. [Dr. Kdinund Cartwrighi, a clergyman, invented Ihe power-loom in 17H4 ; and in 1807 I'arlianieni granted him t'l(),00()| for the good service lu' had rendered Ihe public by his invention of weaving. — Kmoiit's K.nu., vol. 7, ch. It, p. 54, aOrti. INVENTION, Benefit of, (' Is it necessary tlia' a mac! in: slionld imitate the liand '.' -May there not he was the crisis of the inven- tion Till idea of usintc two thrcii's, and form iiiff a stitch liy the aiil of a shnttle and a cnrvcd needle, with the eye near the ])oinl, soon occurred to him, and h^ felt that lie \\\A invented a sewimj;- machine. It was "i the month of ( »ctoher, lH-14. that l:e was able to convince liitKsilf, by a rough model of wood and wire, that such a nnichine as lie had j)roie('ted would sew. — Cvci.oimcdia OF Biod., p. (5S(t. 2975. INV£NTION, Discouragement in. Jihuck Watt. I ha\c now hrouuht the entrine near a con- clusion, yet ' am not an idea nearer that rest I wish fo: than i was fcuir vciirsago. However.] am resolved ;o do all I can to carry on this husi- ncsh, and if it does not tliiive wiiii me I will lay asidf! 'hf! burden I cannot carry. Of all tiiintrs in life there is nothing more foolish than invent- ing. — S.MiLKs' JJuiKK Hr()(ii{Ai'itit:s, J). ;J(). 2976. INVENTION, Failure of, G,;.r!ie Waxh- in[lton. We tind in liis diaiy many such entries as thesi' : "Spent ti.c greater part of the day in making a new jilougi: of my own inventio:;." " Peter (my smith) ami I, after several ctTorls to make a i)loiigli after a new model, jiartly of my ! g^fnious^miiK own contriving, wen fain to give it over, at least for tlie present." — Cvci.oi'kdia oi-' litoo., p. 12. 2977. INVENTION, Genius for. A},r. 42. 297«. . Vhituxf. Tlie Chinese hase had a inanufactur- of glass for two tliou- one iiot<' from another. Hut he acce])ted the oll'er. He studied the philosophical theory of music, and found that science would be a .substi- tute foi his want of an ear. — S.mii.ks' iJitiiCF Bi- o(;i{Ai'iiii;s. ]). ! I, 2950. INVENTION, Great. Spinulnrj Ma- chine. [Hiciiard ,\rkwriglit, born in I'reston, I']nglan(l. a barber by trade, invented the spin- ning-machine in 17(in.] 'l"en years after the date of his tirst patent liis enterprise ^s as regarded by man V as adoutitful no \ city. [His right to his in- ventions was ((nitested, and his mono])oly invad- ed Ml every side.] In October, 177!>. a mill wliK h he had erecterK('. Tliere is no instance on record, I believe, of a great invention eoni]ileted by . . . one man. L'sually an invention of first rate im])ortance is originated in one age, and lirotight to perfection in another ; aiily so simple a matter as a pair of scissors — one u\ the oldest of inventions — was the result of the cogitations of many ingenious minds, and lias uiuh'rgone imiirovements from the days of Pharaoh to those of Hogers it .Sons. The most remarkable case o' ra])id invention with which I am acquainted is that of the sewing-machine, which, in twenty- tive years, has bet'ii bnnight to a ])oint n(.! dis- tant from perf<'ction. But. then, HioiistiiK/.s of in- liave exerted themselves upon it ! In the Pateni Othce at Washington no' less than thirteen hundred dc ices and iinpnn-. ments have been patented relating to this beriutiful contri- vance. — C'yci.oi'kuia of Bioo., '.. 604. Gjxnd years; they have made pajx'r of the bjun- boo from time immemorial ; and they invented tlic art of iirintinu' in tlu; lime of .lulius C'u'sar. Tlie u.sc of gun])ow(kr they Innc jiossessed be- yond all memory, but they employed it only in oriiiimental fireworks. They lane been great ob.servers of the heavens, and prolicients in as- tronomy, from time immemorial. They were acfjiiainted witli the eomjiass, but only as a mat- ter of curiosity, not applying it to navigation. — TvTi,i:i{'s Hist., Book fi, ch. 24, p. 34(1. 2979. . Ju-ii ]V,ilt. A :Masons' lodge in Glasgow desireil to have an organ, and he was ;isked t(/ build it. He was totally desti- tute of a musical ear, and could not distinguish 29§2. INVENTION, Preservation by, Gnrk Fire. The invention of the tlreek fire did not, like that of gunjiowder, jiroduce a total revolu- tion i:i tli(! art of war. To these liipiid combus- tibles the city and empire of Constantine owed their deliverance ; and they were employed in sieges and sea-tights with terrible ellect. — Criii- hon's Home, ch. 53, ]>. 3(i7. 2983. INVENTION, Saved by. Tl„ Slat,-. Tlie only hope of .' alvation for the Greek Em])ire and the adjacent kingdoms would have been sonu? more powerful weapon, some dit.'overy in tne art of war, that should give them a d''cisi\e su- ju'riority over their Turkisli foes. Such a wea])- on was in their hands ; such a discovery had been made in the critical moment of their fate. The chemists of China or Euroi)e had found, by cas- ual or elaliorate experiments, that a mixture of saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal iiroduces, with a spark of fire, a tremendous exjilosion. It wa.s .soon ol)served that if the expansive force were compressed in a strong tube, a ball of stone or iron might be expelled with irresistible and de- structive velocity. The precise era of the in- vention and ai>plication of gimi)owder is iinolved in (ioubtfnt traditions and e(|uivocal language ; yet we may clearly discern that it was known before the middle of the fonrteentli century ; and that before the end of the same the use of artil- lery in battles and sieges, by sea and land, wa*' faiiiiliar to tiie states of Germany, Italy, fcjpaia INVENTION— IN VESTIOATIOX. 353 France, and Kii^hmil. — Gihuon's IJomk, cli. (ir), ]). 2Hi». SM»N.|. INVENTION, Useful. Ch.Knwqi ,hrome . Ill' iiivciilcd llic (Ileal) l>i'a.ss cIik'U, as now made, lie it was wlio invented the inu-eiiioiis maeiiinery liy tiie us(! of wiiieli tiiose clocks can ' lie ninnut'actui'ed fora tenth of the sum for which they could lie produced liy hand. He it was who first sent Yankee clocks to foreiirn countries. He it was wlio tirst made these clocksat anylhiiii;' like \ the (ireseiii rate of s]>eed or on aiiytliini,^ like the present s ten niillions of i'locks, and he has hroiiiiht the machinery for inaiciiiL' them to such ii i)oint tiiat si.\ men can make the wheels for one thousand clocks in ten i hours— C'vci.oi'iMii.v OK Hiod. p. 210. j 29<«»."i. INVENTION, Useful. Pit!r.>,i. [Dr. •lolni Uoehuck, a iiliysician at I5iiinin!,diain. uas i the tiist to smelt iron liy i)it-coa!. He also in- ' vented the process for converting!; cast-iron into lu'dlcalilf ii'oii. j — K.Mdiir's Kml, vol. 7, cli. li, 11. 5.-). •2«!«t«. INVENTION in Youth. Tin ".I/''//-." ISaniuel Croinpton was sixteen years old when, 111 ITIiU, he invented the " mule," which ('c;j:iij;e(l the whole course of cotlon-spinninir.] — Kn'cht's En(!.. vol. 7, ch. '(, p. 4(). I 21»««»;'. INVENTIONS, Co operative. Arkirn§)!«. INVENTIONS and Politics. ( '"Itoi, Gin . [One of the subordinate causes of the civil war] was the invention of the cotton liin liv . . . Kli Whitne>. in 17!):i, . . . of Massacliuseits. . . . The industry of the cotton-irrowiii;:: [States was jiaral- yzed liy the tediousness of iireiiariuLC the suiple I'or niiirket. .Mr. Whitney undertc.ok to remove the ditliculty, and succeeded in invcntinn' n uin which astonished the lieholder liy the rajiidity and excellence of its work. From iieiiii: iirotit- less, cotton liecamc the most ])rotitalil( of all the staples. . , . Whitney's siin added a thousand mill- ion dollars to the revenues of ;he Southern Stat s his' in jiroportion to the increased ]irotitalileiie.ss of cotton, slave-lalw-r hecame im- ])orl.int, slaves valualiie, and the system of sla- very a lixed and (lee])-rooted in>tilution. — ^Kiii r.vTu's V. S,, ch. iV2. ji. 4s7. 2080. INVENTOR by Accident. Sunn/,! F. Ii. J/"/-.vc. Durinu the voyauc of the packet ship Sully, from Havre to New York, in Octolier, \KVl, a conversation arose one day in the cabin upon electricity and maixnetism. Dr. Charles S. .I.ickson, of Boston, deserilied ;iii experiment re- cently made in Paris with an clectro-inairnct, by means of which I'lectricity had been tninsmitled throULjh a n'reat leiiii'tli oi' wire, arranucd in cir- cles around the walls of a larire apartment. The transmission had heen instantaneous, and it .icemcd as tlioui;h the tlii,dit of electricity was too rapid lo be measured. Amon-;' the ijroup of passengers, no one listened more attentively to Dr. .lackson's recital than a New York artist, named Samuel Finley Hreese .Morse, who was returnini^ from a three years' residence in Europe, whither he had irone foi- im|irovement in liisiirt. " \\'liy," said he, when the doctor had tinished, " if that is so, and the |ireseiice of electricity could be made visible in any desired part of Iho circuit, I see no reason wliy intelliLrence mii,d:t not be transmitted instantaneously by electrici- ty." " How convenient it would be," added one of the passenirers. " if we could send news in that manner I" " Why can't we '.' " asked Morse, fas- cinated by the idea. From that hour the subject oc( upied his thought- ; and he benan f. amM). INVENTOR, Trials of the. .Inhi, Fih-h. In all the records of iincntion there is no story more sad and alTectiiii; than his. Poor he was in many senses — jioor in purse, ])oor in appear ance, jioor in spirit. He was born jioor, lived poor, dieil poor. ... If there evei' was a true inventor, this man was one. He was one of those eaiicr souls who would, litevally, coin their own tlesli to carry their ])(iinl. He only uttered the obvious truth w hen he said, one d;iy, in a crisis of his invention, that if he could net tlOObycut- tinir otT' oiu; of his Iclts, he \^duld uladly ;;ive it to the knife. . . . In I 7it(» he had the lii'st steam- boat ever con.slnuted that answcicd the puriiose of one. — ('v(i.oi'i;i)i.\ ok Hioo., p. 147. 2ft»l. INVENTOR '.vronged. FAi Whit my. [The cotton nin added a tlioiisand million dol- lars to tlu- rc\('nue of tiic Southern States. — Uii>- I'.XTH.] How much did the inventor ^ain by it? Not one dollar ! .Vssociatini,^ himself with a maa of cajiital, he went to Connecticut to set up a manufactory wf cotton ifins. I?ut the simplicity of the machine was such that any i,'-ood mechanic who .saw it could make one ; and lonir liefore Whitney was i-eady to supjiiy machiiu's of his own m.akiiiij,' there were ^reat munbers in o]i(>ra- I in all ovei' the cotton States. His patent proved to be no iirotection to him. If he brouirht a s\iit for its infrinircnient, no Southern ,iury would ;^ive him a verdict. lie struiTirled on auainst ad- verse intlnences for tift. yci.rs. In IHOS, when \ his jiatent expireil, he ir.|ve up the contest, ;iiul withdrew from the business a poorer man than , he was on the day when he went, with his hand- ful of cotton-i)ods, into Mrs, (ireeii('s basement. |Se(> Nos. bll3, 8115.] — Cv( i.oi'Kn.v uk Bioo., p. It'll. 2»»2. . John Kii.i. [.lohnKayis supiiosed to have invented thetiist spinnimr-ma- chine. about 17(10, in YorUsliire, Kni^dand. He invented the " tly-shuttle. ' by which a weaver could weave twice astasias before.] He was mobbed out of the country, and die(l in a foreign land. — K.Nioiti's K.N(;., vol. 7. ch. ;!, p. 14. 299;i. INVENTORS remunerated. Shnrhi. It was ten years before lloulton •■uid Watt derived any profit from the discovery [of the steam cn- iiiiic made by the latter. They had to strui^itle ' against common in'cjudicej. — Knkuit's K.N(i., 1 vol. 7, ch. :{. 2ft9l. INVESTIGATION opposed. Fimini-utl. ] [Durinu- the reiun of Charles II. ] lV]ns record,'? ! that in the lord treasurer's accounts there was a sum unaccounted for of over two millions ; and i that it was thou,i;ht that over t'400,()00 of the i money voted for the war had nxme into the privy lr[! 354 I N V KSTIG ATION— .IE ALOUSY jMiiNc. IFc tlicii siiys iliiit 11 notion (<( n conunis- sion In inspect tlicaccniinis " makes t lie kinij mid cdurt mild, tlie kiiii; liiivinn' ^i'.cn urder to my lord eliiimberliiiii to send to the playiioiises and lirotli'Is, to liid all the Parliament men that wens there lo jro to the I'arliaineiil pfeseiitly." The times were altered since the\ were to lie soiiii'ht for in eliurehes and conventicles, — Knkuit's Kno,, vol. I, ch. {.">, p ','24. '2Mh'i. INVESTIGATION resented, /onl Chir- iiit/iiii. I Ueiu'ii of ( 'liarles 11. | The i;d\criiment enira,i,7Ml with the rnited l^rovinc's. The House ef Commons readily voted sums uni xampled in our history — sums exceedini;- tlio'^e wliieii had sup|)orte(l the armies and fleets of Cromwell at the time when his power was the terror of aM the world, I5ut such was the evtravaiiaiice, dis- honesty, and incaiiacitv of those who had sue (•ceded to his authority, that this liheralitv proved wor.sc than useless. The .sye(.i)liaiits of the court, ill-(iualitledt) contend au'ainst theiifcat men who then directed the . ■inns of llollanil — ML^'iinst such a statesman as De \VU\. and such a commaiuh'r as De Riiyter — iiiiide fortunes rapid- ly, while the sailors mutinied from very iiiiiiiicr, while the dockyards were un,ij;uiirded, while the sliijis Were leaky and without, riu'iri"!^'- I' was at leiiii'th determined to abandon all schemes of of feiisive war ; and it soon appeared that even a de- fensive war wie a task too haid for that adminis trillion. . , . Mill when the Commons liciran to in((uire in what maimer the money voted for the war had lieeii wastiMJ, ar.d to e.\aiiiiiie into the maladministi-alion of tic navy, he l''inied with indiy:iiation. Such iiupiiry, a<-cordini; to him, was out of their pnivince. — .M \c \ii,.\v's Est; . eh. 2, \<. lT!t. 2900. INVESTIGATION, Startling. Criill: Mdhilicr. Tl:<' Credit Mohilicrof America was a joint stock company, or.uani/.ed in istlij for the purjiose of facilitatiiiL!; the construction of public works. In IStiT another company wliicii had un- dertaken to build the I'acilic Kaiiroad purehas( d the charter of the Credit Mobilicr. and the cap ital was iucivtased to .f8.7.")(»,()(l(l. |Ii was very prolitable ; , . . the st>;;'k rose rapidly in value. | In IST'J a lawsuit in Peimsyhania, developed the startlim;' fact that much oi' \\\r stock . . . n-iis .nritid hjl iiK iii/k rs nf ('iinijii ks, \ suspicion that those members hail voted corruptly on the leiris- lation atTectiiiLT the i'acilic Railroad at once seized the |>ublic mind, and led to a contrressiotnil investiuation, in the course of which many scan dalinis transactions were brouLiht to liirht. — Hid- I'.vnis U, S,, eh. (IS, p. ,-)(:(). 29»r. INVESTMENT, Timely. \, '/■ Ynrk. a. n. Ki'Jt!. Hitherto the Diilcli had no title to owiier- .-hipof the land. [ I'etcr| .Minuit |tlic leaderof tlic I )utcli idloni-ts] siiceecded at once in ])urelu; -iiii;' the i--land of .Manhattan from its native projiric- tors. The price paid was (id i^uildcrs — about ."t!"-?.") — for more than twenty thousand acres. — i;.\n ciioi-'T's U. S., vol. 'J, c!i. 1.-). 5J09W. IRON, Importance of, Eh. 7i), .104)0. ISOLATION, Safety by. (u n/„ni Siatrs. I In their early history | (liemost formidabh Slates r)f (jrermany airected to encompass their territo- ries with a wide frontier of solitude and devas- tation. The aw fill distance jireserved by their neii,dibor.s attested the terror of their arms, and in some measure defended them from the dan- trer of unexpected incursions.- -Gihiio.n's Ro.mk, ch, !>, |i. 27.-). :MMH. itineracy, Ministerial. .Uit/iodint. [The tirst Methodist psachers in America ehaimcd th'.ji- circuits every six months.] In IS(M the (iciieral Conference limited the jieriod of jiastoral .service to two successive yeifs to the saiiu^ cliaruc ; hithc'to there had been no re striclion, ai'd some had l)e<'ii three years in one appointnicnl. In ls(l-l the limitation was ex- tended to three years.-- ^i- .KNs'M. E. CmiK'ii, vol, 4, p. 17!). aOihi. JEVLOUSY, Appeal to. \'u/t.,ir,'s. [He was invited tortideat Frederick's coiirt. His malice occasioned hesitation.] Fn .lerick, with Uicat dexterity. atTccted iiidilTerence, and seemed inclined to i; ,iisf( r his idolatry to liaculard d'Aiuaud. His .Majesty excii wrote some bad verses, of which the sense was, that Voltaire was a settiiiu- sun, and that Arnaiid was rising'. (!ood- iialurcd friends s"oii carried the lines to Voltaire, 1I( was !m his bed. He jumped out in his shirt danc'Ml about the room with iiil^c, and sent for his passport a;id his post-hi;.'ses ]aiid went to Prus- sia]. — .Mac.m i.w's Fiu;i)i;m(.K iiik (tkk.ai', |). (12. ;'MM>:t. JEALOUSY, Cruelty of. ('oi,ti/io,/iis. ()\u' e\-eiiirm-, as the emiieror was retur',in^' to the palace tlrounii a dark and narrow portico in the amphitheatre, an assassin, who waited his [las- satre, rusheil upon him with a drawn sw(,rd, loudly exclaiminir, " 77/i S< tmtt >« inh j/ini tluK." 'V\\v menace |)revented the deed ; the a.ssassin was .s( izi'd by the guards, and immediately rc- \ caled the auih.irsof the conspiracy. It had been formeil, not in the State, but w ithin the walls of the iialacc. Liicilla, the emperor's sister, and widow of Lucius \'crus. impatient of the second r.'ink, and jealous of the reiu'iiiiii;' empress, had armi'd the murderer iiLrainst her brother's life — GiiiHo.Ns Ro.mk, ch. t, p. 11)4. JIOO-l. JEALOUSY. Extensive. F,ii,iJ. Abdal- lali was the most iieautiful and modest uf thf .k •Rl .IKAI-OrSY— .IKSIITS. .).)y Aniliiaii yniilli ; mid in llic lirsi imltIiI, wlini lie (■onsiiiniiialid his ni,'ii'iiM;,''c wilii Aiiiina, nf llic iiolilc lacc (if tiic ZaIirilcM. tun liuiKlrcil viri^iiis arc said to liasc expired ot jeMluiisy and despair. ', — OlIlIloNs HoMK, ell. :>(), p. 100," :|'>. JEALOUSY, National. KihjIIsI,. [In 17^0 liie pe(i|)le of Kliiriaiid v.cre i^ciieraliy unit- ed witii tile ii'overmiieiil in tiie priisee\ili(iri of tlie war au;aiiist llie Aiiierieaii cnioiiies. France liad conic to llieiraid, and prejudiee in KiiLrlaiid was vc''- stronif against tliai counlry, | Hartley writes , to Franlclin : " 1 verily liejicxc, soM-rcal is'tlie jeal- ousy between lOnuiand and France, that, tliis co\intry would li;;iil lor a straw to the last man aiiil llic last sliillinu' rallier than lie dictated to 1 hv France."— KNK^urs Kno., vol. 0, ch. 2K, ' p". I'JS. I :tOO<(. JESTING, Danger of. I), m. r.iliziiKj. 'I'hcspis l)ei,raii to clianuc tlic fonn of tragedy, and the novelty of the IhitiL;' allracled many spec- tators ; for this was before any iirize was pro- posed for those that excelled in this respect. So- , ion, who was .always williui,'' lo hear and to learn, i and in his old aire more inclined to anytliini,'' that miij:lit divert and cntcrt.ain, iiarlicidarly to music and <;()od fellowship, went to M'i' Thespis him- self exhibit, as the custoni of the ancient jioets was. When the i)lay was done, hi calleil to 'i'hesijis, and asked him if he was not ashamccl to tell so many lies before so i;re;U an a,ssi'nd)ly Tiicspis answered it was no iircat matter, if he spoke or acted so in jest. To which Si! on re- plied, sfvikinu; thcHTound violently with 1- ^talV, " If we encourasxe such jesting as this, w i sh.all (piickly tind it in our conlr.acts and ai;reemenl'-." — I'l.rT.xin us Sol. ON ;«>07. JESUITS abolished, Kiijlitu nth CNtuni. Hooks were wi'ittcii witiioiii number to expose their arlitic'c and ambilion. Their frauds, their vices, and even alrociou-; crimes were loudly jiroclaimcd ; and it was tn'gcd, with great reason, that the doctrines which they taught and the maxims they inculcate(l wer'MMpially pernicious '.1 religion, to civil govcrnmciit, and !o all the interests of society. The --ovcrciiins of the dit'- fereiit Catholic kingdom^, liy (lci;rces, began to ])erceivc thai their power and even jiersonal se- curity was in danger, and the .lesiiits were suc- cessively expelled from France, from Spain, from Forlugal, and from Sicily ; and such at length was the intluence of the house oi' Uour- lion with the Holy Sec. that the order was en tirely suppressed .and abolished in ITT^i. — Tvr I. Kit's llisr. , I.ook (i. ch. 1!», p. "JS.-). ;IOON. JESUITS, Achievements by, J >/■■9. JESUITS, Assassination by, II, urn IV. A daring attemiil |was| made upon his life by ii voung .Icsuit named Chastel, whowiaindcd him ill the mouth with a dagger as he re cntcri'd I'aris from .\iuiens. This crime wiis imputed, with or without rc.'ison, lo the instigation of the King of Spain ; it furnished ground for an exemi)laiy ( iiastisement of the order of the Jesuils, who were sentenced to banisliment from the kinij;doiu within fifteen days by a decreeof the I'arliament of Paris, (lie was killed by ii monk.] — Sti:- DKNTS' Fli.XNCK, ch. IS, ^ 7. ' «OIO. . Willunn of Oraiinr. Will- iam, Prince of Orange, had fallen beneath tho blow of an assassin, hired, it is more than sus|)ecl- ekcd,| ■ Why woidd you have killed me ','" •■ l!ec!iu--e yon arc excommunicated by the pope," was the re|)ly. "How so V" said .lames. ■ i;\ery Maundy Thursday Ihe jiopit (lolli excommunicale all heretics who are not of Ihe Church of Rome." is the ex])laliation. [Various bodies of Roman Catholics were mo\'- ing on that perilous ,Tth of November to Dun- church, which was the place of rendezvous, by arrangement. I They were all followers of tlic Jesuils. There wci'c none of Ihe conspirators who belonged to the more loyal body of Catlio- A ;5.j(i .IHSl .ITS. lies, vlio were jj;ui(l('il liy llic scciilnr pricslliood. — Knkiiit's Kn(i., vol. :i, cli. 21, p. :VJfl. SOI-I. JESUITS, Popularity of. Kiulidfiith <'<■!!- t'lri/. Il WHS not strung;-!' lliiU people of nil ranks, uimI especially people of the lii;j:lies( nmUs, crowded to tlie eoiifessioimls in the. Jesuit tem- ples, for from those confessiomils none went dis- contented ;iw;iy. There the priest wiis all liiini;s to , all men. lie sIiowimI just so much rif^^or as nMi:lii not drive those who knelt at his spiritual triliiinal to the Donnnican or the Franciscan Church. If he had to deal with a mind truly de\out, h(! spoke in the saintly tone of the prim- itive fathers ; hut with that very laru;e ])art of mankind wiiohave reiiirion enoujih to makethem uneasy when they le ])rivileires. It was soon perceived that, if confined to their cloisters, their utility would be too nuich circumscribed. They were allowed to mingli' in the world, and to take a share in all the active concerns of public life, which it was their duty to inlluence and direct assiduously tow.ard the ureal end of establish- inir the ])ow(!r and authority of the iiopedom ; and this end, it nuist be owned, they most zeal- ously promoted. Under the conunand of a .su])erior, or ijencr.d of the order, whose instruc- tions thu}' were bound to receive with imi)licit submission, they dis])er.sed themselves over the ^^reatest jiart of the ,ii;l()l)e. l?y the most insinu- atiiii; arts they courted the favor and wrought themselves into the contidence of stal; >:Mien, of civil and ecclesiastical u:overnors, and of sover- c'v^w jirinces ; and operatini; on all to the same purpose, and rcirularly communicati:!^' their in- telliireiice to their head, from whom the\ r^'ceived their instructions, the whole Catholi • world was in a m.uiiier directed by one ureat and |)er- vadini;- system of ])olicy, which cetitred \\\ the fstablishment of the pope's sui)reme 'ieni|,o- ral and spiritual jurisdiction. — Tvri,i;i{'s Him'.. Book *1. ch. 1!). ]), -JM.-.. «Oir. JESUITS, Kesuued by, Pai>,trii. In tie si.xtccnth century llie pontilicate. exposed to new danirers more formidable than had ever before threatened it, wi'.s saved bv a n(;w I'elinioua order, which was animated by intense enthusiasin and orj^anized with exipiisite skill. When tiiu . Jesuits came to the icscue of the jiapacy, they found it in extreme ])eiil ; but from that mo- ment the tide of battle turned. Protestantism, which h.id, durinji' a whole iiencndion, carried all before it, was stojiiied in its progress, and rapidly beaten back from the foot of the Alpsto the shores of the Baltic, — .M.\(Ari,.^v's E.NO., ch. (}, ]). 5(1. ttOIH. JESUITS, Self-sacriflce of, Ihmnilfnre. When in our tinu' a new and terrible ])eslilencc jiasscd r, p. 'A. 3010. JESUITS vs. the State. Tn Kiiubnid. [The .lesuits invaded England in l.")8(), for the purjiose of restoring it to the Roman faith. It was a ])rinci])le with them that the \io\w had a right to (le|)rive kings of their crowns, which could not be doubted. They were severely pun- ished when they obstinately maintained the pope's bidl deitrivinif the(|ueen of the crown.] — IxNifiiiT's Eno., vol. ;i, ch. VI, p. ISO. 3. .')2. iiKr^'Z. JT:2^titS, 'Victories of. Fir t i ( ion s. The nughty victories »vliich he [the .Jesidt] boasted that he had .achcved in the c.'inse of the Chun h were, in the judunient of many illustri- ous mendiers of that Church, rather apparent than ri'al. He ..ad, indeed, labored with a won- derful show of success to reduce the W(>rld under her laws, but lie had done so byre' '.'■■' her laws to suit the temixT of tin; w •id. in stead of toilimr to elevate human n i;.i ■• ( 1". ,n;\vi:M{Y— .lov. ;r)7 n()()l(' Kfaiidiini Uxod by divine ])rc(cpt iind ex iiiiii)lc, Iw liiid lowered ilicstiiiKi.ird till it wiislie- iieiilli tile iivernire level of ImiiuiM niitiire. lie irloried in nudlilndes of coiiverls wlio had lieeii l)iil)li/ed ill llie I'eiiiote regions (if the Hast ; liut it WHS reported that truiii some of these eoiiv.Tls the filets on wliicli tile whole Iheolou'V of the (ios- jiel de|)eiids had lieeii ( iiiiiiin,i,dy eoiieealecl, and that others were i)eriiiitted to avoid iierseeiition hy tiowiiiLf down before the iniaijesof false irods, while internally repeatini;' I'aters and Aves. — M \( Ai lay's IOn(!., ell. (!, p. •">:!. ItO'I'.i. JEWELRY, Passion for. Jlmri/ VII. [It is said] his desire for the ae((uireineiit of jew- els seareelv kr.ew anv hounds; and on them ahaie he spent tllO.O'oO. It appears . . . that this investment of money in jewels was a pai't of the lial)iliial prudence of the kini^.- — KsKiiir's Eno , vol. 2. eh. 15, p. 2:m. :t02.;li mountain track, upon wliicli the snow lay to the depth of two fe' t. Late at niirlit, exliausted ivitli thcii- hjuff joui'iiey, and iieiietrated with the cold, they reached the house, to find the tires all out, and the ser\. Ms all u'one to their own cabins for the niirht. Not a liiihl was burniiiij; ; not a spark of lire was left ; not a morsel of food couid be found ; and not a creature? was in the house. This was a .sorry welcome to a bride and bride- j,n'oom ; but they were youni.: and merry, and jnade a jost of it. — Cvci.di'KDIa ok Hioo., p. I'Jl. ;iOar. journey. Tireless. T, i,(h (',i,f>in/, A matron of Peloponnesus, who had cherislied the infant fortunes of Hasil tlie Macedonian, was excited by tenderness or vanity to visit tlie great- ness of her ado|)ted son. In a journey of tive hundred miles from I'atras to ('onstanlinojile, her n'^i' or indolence declined the fatio-ue of a horse or cjirriai,^e ; the soft littt'r or bed of Dan- ielis was transpiiiied on the shoulders of ten ro- bust shu'es : and as llicy woi'e relieved at ea^.y distances, a band of three hundred were selected for the performance of tliis seivic(.'. She was entertained in the Myzantine palace with lilial reverence, and the honorsof a (lueeii. — (iiiilioN's Ro.MK, eh. ");(, p. ;{,")•,'. JlO'iW. JOY of Discovery, dii/ilm. He invent- ed the theinioineter and improved the compass. Hearing' one day, by chance, that some one in Holland hail invented a contrivance by which distant objects could be .seen as tluaiirli they were near, he entered upon ii cour.se of experi- ments which, in a lew days, resulted in the eou- slruction of a teleseo|ie. At once he bciran to use the new instrunu'iit in the study of thelic.'iv- ens. To his boundless wonder and deliL;ht, ho discovci'cd that the moon, like the earth, had lier mountains and her \alleys : that the planet .lu- l)iler went his I'caind accompanied bv four moiais; thai the Milky Way was comiiosed of innumer- able stars ; and that there were spots upon the sun. — ('v(i,()1m;i)IA ()!•■ Hiod., [i. 'M'i. 30!2». JOY, Fatal, h'.rjilorrrs. Dias had sta- tioned a small store-ship in one of the bays on the coast of (Juiiiea, which he left in charp' of a purser and a su'.all crew. Duriiu,'' his lony' ab- si'iice disease had reduced the number o|' this little band, until none remained but the purser and twoorthrce sick, despaiiiiii:' sailors. When at last the purser saw in the dist.anci' the wcU- ' known vessel of his cominander, such was the I shock of his joy that he fell dead ujioii the deck of his v'cssel. — ( 'v( i.oi'KDiA oi'' I5i(>(;., ii. 2b6. I I :i030. JOY intoxicating, ^WUiiKjini,. [When j W( llinjiton was pursuinulhe routeil French from i Waterloo, he rode witli the advanced jruard. ] '■ Colonel llervey. who was with him, advised liini to desist, as the country was irrowinir less open, and hemiuht be fired at by some stra tillers from behind Ihehedi^fes. " Let them tire away, " he re- jilied : " the battle is wcin, and my life is of no val- I ue now." — Knioii'i's K.N(i., vol". 8, ch. 2, p. !30. \ !10;J I. JOY, Public, HcinnofJamesn. [Ac- (piittal of till' se\-en bisliojis who refused to join the kin.i;- in overt hrowniir the Protestant faith.] The jury a|)i)eared in their box, and there w.a.s a breathless stillness. Sii' Samuel Astry s]ioke. " Do you tind the defendants, or any of them, j^uilty of the misdemeanor whereof they are im- lieaciicd, or not f^uilty V" Sir Ho4' (Jrcal i$iiliiiii| ii.s " tlic.Iultilcu" — the titliclli Miiriivcrsiiry of (lie a. •cession lo tlw; throne of (Jror!i;c III. — Knkuit's Eng., vol. 7, ell. :2i), |). ,-)•,>(!, :tO:t:i. JUDGE, Dishonorable. H(/;/ii of . /nines Jl. Ii was, iiiilccd, ncci'ssary to ijo very low down ill tile \v'^i\\ profession before men couid be found willinj;' to render siieli services as were now re(iuired. Tlie new c'liicf jiisiice, Sir Holi- crt Wriixlit, was iirnorant to a proverl) ; yet i;r. norance was not ids worst lauit. His vi("es Juid ruined him. He jiad resorted to infamous ways of raisini,' money, and had, on one occasion, inade a false atlldavit in order to olitain |)osses- sion of t'5()(). Poor, dissolute, and shameless, he had !)(■( nine oiKMif tlu! parasites of JetVreys, who promoted him and insulted him. Sw'cli was the man who was now .selected hv James to be lord chief justice of Entjland.— M.vcAi- l.vy'sExo.. ch. 8, p. 'ZrvA. 30.'t'l. JUDGES despised, Athfiiinnx. Aiiachar- sis liaviiiir seen an assemhiy of llie |)eople at Athens, said he ina.i xitriirined at tliin. Unit in Urecw irusf nirn. filcaded cdnneK, tinil J'ooIk (tctcr- miiu'd them. — 1'i,i;t.\U('ii. 3035. JUDGES, Impartial. IhirUj (ireekx. They were chosen from amouij the wi.sest and most respectable of the citizens, and in the latter times consisted principally of such as had en- joyed the diuiiity of archons or chief mairis trates. They held their meetini,rs in the open air. upon au eminence in the middle of the city, and determined all ciiu.sts durinif the ni;,dit ; for tlie.se two reasons, as Athena'us informs us, that neither the number nor tin' faces of the judfri'S l)eing known, there nufi^ht be no attempts to corrupt them ; and that, as they neither saw the plaintltT nor defendant, their decisions minht be quite iiniiartial. — Tyti.kh's Hist., Book I, ch. 0. p. Tw. 3036. JUDGES, Justice by. Aiu'ie.nt Persiitim. The soverei^rn. in certain causes of importance, .sat himself in jud^nusnt ; thou;.?h in the ordinary admini.''Tr;tti(j'n of justice there were a certain number of judi;('s cliosen, on account of their acknowled^''ed wisdom ,ind probity, who made regular circuits throu;;^li the provinces, and at- tended the s(jverei;:rn in his slated visitations of lii-' dominions. These held their offices for life, ))Ui wer( removable in cases of malversation, j The story is well known of the jud,i,'e who, ! Ijeiiii; iruiliy of corruption in his hiifh function, ', \\A< by Camliyses condemned to be ttaved alive, and his skin liunii; over the seat of jii(I;;;ment. — TvTi.i.ii's Hist., Hook 1, ch. 11, ].. 121. 3037. JUDGES, Partisan. Reiy/nofJainesIf. Vast numlicrs of those unhapi)v jirisoners who , were taken ,ifl<'r the defeat of .Monmouth were i hanired without any form of trial ; and the e.\e- [ (Table Jiidire .Jellreys tilled the kintrdoir. with ; daily executions under the sanction of justice. ]\Iany of these trials w(Te attended with the most ini(iuilous procediire ; but all appiicalions to lh(.' king lor jianlon w<'re checked by a '■ ,'he Areo|)agus were chosen from among the m osI respectable of the citizens, and were gcncrallv such as had dis(h;irged the ollice of archon. 'In, most scrnpnloiis allenlion was paid to character in the election of tin judges. 'I'he slightest imputation of immonn a sin- gle act of indecency, (tr even of in 'oniing levity, was sullicient to dis(|nalify froiii 'lain- ing a seat in that tribunal, or to forfeit a place after it laid been conferred. To be found in a tavern was such a stain on the character of a judge that it Wiis deeme(l a snilicieiit rea.son of exclusion from that ollice. " Let no .\reopagile," says the Athenian laws, " compose a comedy." That judge was justly thought to have prostitut- ed his character who had stooped to employ his talents in ftu'iiishing a frivolous amusement for the ])eople. — Tvti.ku's Hist., Hook 1, ch. 10, |>. 102. 3030. JUDGMENT, Dishonest, ./mnen II. [James wished a justilicitioii I'or a|i|)ointing ("atholics to otlice contrary to law.| .lones, the chief justice of the ( 'ommon I'leas, a man who I had never before shrunk from any drudgery, ! however cruel or servile, now held in the royal j closet language which might lia\'e become the ' lip.s of the purest magistrates in our history. He was plainly told th.at he must give up eithei his opinion or his ])lace. "For my place," lie answered, "J care little. I am old, and worn out in the servic(,' of the (Town ; but I am mor- titie(l to find that ytviv Majesty thinks me ca|ia- bleof 'ivinga judgment whi'h none but an igno ranlor a iishonest man C(»uld give. ' " 1 am deter mined," said the king, " to have twelve judges who will be all of my mind as to this matter." "Your Majesty," aiis'vend .Tones, "may find twelve judges of your mind, l)Ut hardly twelve lawyers." He was dismi-^seil. — .\I.\(".\ri..\Y'.s En(i.. ch. fi, ]). TO. 3040. JUDGMENT, Duplicity in. Fniiu-i.s North. [ Loi'd (Juildford i He had .sense enough to perceive from the thsi liiat Oates ,ind Hedloe were impostors ; but the Parliament and the country were gi'eatly excited ; the government had yielded lo the ])ressure ; and North was a man not to risk a good place for tlie sake of jus- tice and humanily. Accordingly, while he was in secret drawing up a refutation of the \\ hole romance of the I'opish I'lol.ln declared ii pul)- lic that the truth oi the story w.is as plain as tlu; sun in hea\en. and was not ;ishained to br(.w beat, from the seat of judgment, the unfortunate Koman Catholics who were arrai.iiiied bilorc him for their lives. — M.\( .\ri,.\v's Kno. , ch. Ii, p. 2Tu. 3041. JUDGMENT by Experts. Frrdoirlc tha (I rent. It nc\cr occuired to him that a body of men whose lives were passed in adjudicating on ((Ueslion^ of civil riglil were more likely to form correct opinions on su( li (|uesiions than a prince whose attention was divided between a thoii.sand olijects, aiul who had probably never read a law-l)ook through. The resistance oji- po.sed to him by the iribimals intlained him to fury. He reviled his chancellor He kicked the shins of his judges. He did not, it is trui', intend to act unjustly, lb' tirinly believed that he Was doing right and detiiiding the cause of the poor against the wealthy. Yet this well- JL'DOMIONT— .IIUV. 359 tin'iint iiicddliiitr proliiilily iliil fur nmri' liuriii tliiin nil llic (■x|)losi()iis of liJM evil piissioiis tliir- iiii;- till' wlidlc of his loll!,'' rci^ii. — Macaii.ay's Fki;i)i;i(I( K tiik (Jukat, p. i>l. :tOri. JUDGMENT, Mistake of, t!,"r;/r III. fU('ori;c III. informed ids sec icliuT, Lord Norlli, liniiiciliiitciy lifter " tlie Mostoii leu parly," llmt Geiierid (iiii;e wiis wiillnij lo reliirii lo Mosloii and (piell llie dislurliiincc. | Four rcniiiieiils seril to lioston wiil, lie liiinks, lie siitlleieiil lo pre- Veiil iiiiv disliirliiiiice. — Knkiht's Kn(i., vol. ((, cii. 'i-i. p. ;{;!!». :iOi;i. JUDGMENT, Partiality in, AVv//// ';/ Jitincs II. Nolle of the Eiinlisli iiol)les enjoyed n lunger ineii.iire of piihlic fuvor tiiiiii Cluirles 8iiclved the Itestoralion. He had heeii tiie terror of the city watch, had passed many nii!;hts in the roundhouse, and had at least once occupied a cell in Newiratc, His i)assioii for Hetty .Morrice and for Nell (rwyiiii, who always culled liiin her Charles the First, had ,u;iven no sinuU uinusenieiit and scandal to the town. Vet, in the midst of follies and vices, his couraijcous spirit, his line understandinir, and his nutur.'d goodness of heart hail liecii conspicuous. .Men said tliat the excesses in which he indulged were coinmoii hetweeii him and the whole race of gay young cavaliers, hut that his .symiiathy with human sufTering and the generosity with which he made ri'paration to those v/hoin his freaks lia was conscious of his danger, lie editied his l)retliren by the hu- mility of ids virtue or penitence. " If there be i any man," said the ajxistle from the pulpit. ' " whom I have unjustly scourged. I submit my ' own b.ick to the lash oi' retali.'ition. Have I as- | persi'd the reputation of a .Mussulman'.' let him proclaim nni faults in the face of the congrega- tion. Ha^ iny one been (lesi)oiled of his goods '.' the little thai I possess shall coiu|)ensate the l)riiicipul and the interest of the debt." " Yes," replied a voice from the crowd, " I am entitled to three drachms of silver." Mahomet heard the c was in gloomy agitation, and said, " I'll have no more on'l." — HoswKi.i.s .Ioii.n- S(»N, p. ,')2-I. .10 ir. JURISPRUDENCE, Origin of. llniunt. Romulus, Num;i. and Servius 'rulliiis arc cele- brated as the mo--l ancient legislators; and each of them claims his peculiar jiart in the threefold division of jurisiuudeiicc. The laws of marriage, the eclucation of children, and the authority of |)arcnts, which may seem to draw their origin from Hiidnr itself, are ascribed to the untutored wisdom of Romulus. The law of iKitions and ot reli.irious worship, which Numa introduced, was derived from his nocturnal converse with the nymph Egeria. The ciril law is attributed to the exiu'i ienee of Servius ; he balanced the rights anil fortunes of the seven classes of citi/eiis, and guarded, by fifty new regulations, theobscrv.ance of contracts and the i)unishment of crimes. — Gin- ISDN's Ro.MK, ch. 44, p, ;i()l. aO-IN. JURY coerced, h'n'nn of .hmifx II. [Alice Lisle was aciiised of high treason for sheltering rebels defeated with the Duke of Mon- mouth.] The jury n tired, and remained long in consultation. The judge jirew impatient | It was Jeffreys.) He could not conceive, lie said, how, in so |)lain u nounccil. Jcf- fr» ys g.ive directions that Alice Lisle should be lairned alive that very iifternoon This excess of barbarity moved the i)ity and iiidigiiutioii even of that class which was most ili'\oted to the crown. — .M AC \ri.A V s I-^Ni. cli •">. ]> "i!*."), 30I0. JURY, A determined. Ibiuu ^f .In men II. I Trial lit the sc\iii bi>hops of ih" ( 'liiu'i h of Kngland who refused to aid the king in tlicoMr- tlirow of the Rrotestant faith | It wasab.solutc ly nece.ssaiy to watch the otlicers who watched the doors, ior those otHcers were sujiposcd to be in the interest of the crown, and might, if not carefully observed, have furnished a courtly juryman with food, wliii h would have enabled him to starsc out the other ele\en. Strict guard was therefore kept. Not even a candle to light a l)ipe w.is permitteil to enter. Some basins of water for washing were suffered to pass .at about four in the morning. The jurymen, raging with I wppw 3(;o JUHY— JUSTICE. thirst, ROOM iMiijicd nu the wliolc. fJrcat nam- tiers of people \vulkeeeches, and had taken full notes, wished to ar^nie the (piestion. Arnold declined, lie was not nsod, he (hij,^;j;e(lly said, to reason in>f and de- liatin^r. His conscience; was not salislled ; and he shonid not accpiit Iho hishops, " If you eonio to that," K'dd Austin, "look at nie. *I am th(! hirgest and slron;,'est of the twelve ; and heforc 1 find such a petition as tliis a liliel, here will I slay till I am no l)iiri,n'r than .a toliacco pipe." It was ei.v in the morninj^ liefort! Arnold yielded. [Seo more at No. ;{0;tl.J— M.\cai:i,av'h Eno., ch. H, p. 95;!. 3050. JURY imprisoned. F»r Verdict. [In I,")')!, on the triidof Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, the judp's and coimsel heaped accusation upon accusation, jierplcxed him with (piestions, and urgently exhorted him to confess Ins ^rnjit. Tlicy read over pirhled evidence; not taken in open court, and reepiired him to answer each se])arati) diarize as produced. The talent and energy of Throckmorton produced a surprising result. He was aeiiuitted.j 'J'he court Immediately after the Iriid conmutled the jury to prison. Four made a sulimission, and were released. Kight re- mained in conlinemeiit for many months; and when lirought hefore the council in the Star Chamher were sentenced to tlu; ])aymentof enor- mous fines. It was mon; than a (;entury licfon; the infamous system was discontinued of j)un- ishing juries for verdicts in State prosiicutions that were not agreeal)le In tlu; crown. — Kntoht's EN(i., vol :!, ch. 4, p. (17. 3051. JURY limited. " Thr,,- Dai/x:' [f)ur ing the " Keign of Terror "] a resolution was . . . passed in tlie ( > invention authorizing tlie jury, when three days )iad hecn s|)ent in the investiga- tion of a ca.se, to declare tiieiii.selves .sati.s/ied, without waiting for furtlajr ]»leadings ; llii.s lifa mouH justifh'ation was at once; acted upon, and the Girondist.s were sentenced to death.— Sti;- DENTS' Fu.VNCE, ch. 27, ^ 1. 3052. JURY perverted. Bii Chniij. In 1683 . . . the sherills could pack tiie jurymen upon Stat(! trials ; the jurymen would he exhorted from every pidjjit to helienc, ui)on authority of the Scriptures, that, asall rt'sistance to authority was asin, tlie sup|)ort of authority in all its desires was a virtue. When u suhject stood at the liar, in- dicted for treason or misdemeanor of tia; king's command, it, was necessary for the country's peace that IIk; crown sliould have it.s wished-for verdict.— K.MoirT's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 28, p. 809. 3053. JURY, Unterrified. Trial ,,f William Pentt. A. 1). 1670. He was arraigned for having spoken at a Quaker meeting. . . Amid angry ex- clamation.s and menaces, lie proceeded to plead earnestly for the fundamental laws of England ; and as he was hurried outof court, still reminded the jury that " they were his judges." Dissatis- fied with the first verdict returned, the recorder Leap»-(lupon the jury (!very opprobrious epithet. — " We will have a verdict liy tlKihelpof God, or you .shall starve for it." " You are Englishmen," «aid Penij, who had agaiu been brought to tlic bar ; " mind your privilege, give not away your right." ... At last tiie jury, wlio had received no refreslimenls for two days and two niglits, du tiio third day gave their verdict, " Not guilty." The recorder fln<'d them forty marks apiece Inr their independence. — IJANiuoK'r'H U. S., vol. i, ch. 16. 305.1. JUSTICE by Combat. Ooiil. The triala by single combat grailually obtained superior credit and authority among a warlike people wiio could not believe that a brave man deserved to HiifTer, or that a coward deserved to live. Both in civil and criminal proceedings the plaintiilor lU'cuser, iIk! defendant, ()!■ even the witness, were exposed to moi'tal challenge from the antagonist who was destitute of legal jiroofs ; and it was in- cumbent ou them either to desert their cause or ])ublicly to maintain their Inaior in the lists of liattle. They f(aight either on foot or horse- back, according to the custom of their nation ; and IIk; d<'cision of the sword or lance was rat- ified by the sanction of Heaven, of 'he judge, and of the people. — tJinnoN's Ho.MK, .h. \W, p. 5i)6. 3055. JUSTICE, Even. AriMiilrn. He wa.^ carrying on a prosecution against his enemy, and after he had brought hischarge, the judges wer(( going to pass sentence ; without hearing the per- son .accused, he rose uj) to his assistance, en- treating that lie might be heard, and lia\e tlie privilege; which the laws allowed. — Pi.UTAUCii's AUIS'I'IOKS. 3050. JUSTICE exceeded. Rijazet. [Frendi l>rinees who had been taken caiitive by the Ot- toman Maja/et I. wen; the witnesses of his zeal for ju.stiee. I In their ])re.senci', and at his com- mand, the belly of one; of his chamberlains wa.n out o])en, on a comiilaint against liim for drink- ing the goat's milk of a poor woman. The strangers were astonished ])y this act of justice, iiut it was the ju.stiee; eif a sultan whoeliselainsto balance llu' we;ight of evielenee' e)r to measures the ele'grces of guilt. — GiuuoN'rf Ko.ME, ch. 64, p. 24!.' 3057. — . TluophiluK. [The Roniim e'lnpe'ror.] A poor weinian threw herself at the emperor's fee>t to ceimjilain eif a jiowe'rfiil neigli- beir, the; brotluT of the; empress, wiio iiad rai.se;d his i)alae;i'-wail le) siicli an ine'onvenieiit lu'ight, that her humble dwelling was excludeel from light and air ! On the; proeif eif the f.e't. in.stead e)f granting, like an ordinary Judge, suflie'ient or ample; elamaws to the- iilainfifT, thi' soverelji/rf; ad- juelge'd to her use' and be'iie-fit tlu' jialaei- and (ho gremnd. Nor was Theeiphllus content .villi this e'xlravagant salisfaelion ; his ze'al converini a civil tres])ass inloa criminal act ; and llie unfort- unate patrie'ian was slrijjpe'el anel sceiurgeei In the publie; jilae'e of Constantinople'. — GnJuoN'H Ko.ME, ch. 6H, p. r>!i:{. 305§. . Kinpcror Julimi. [The pyinperor Julian was supe'rieirj to llu' last te'inp- tation of virtue)iis niinels, sui ineliscre'el auel in- te'inperate ze'al feir justice ; he- re'slraineei, with calmness and elignity, the warmth of an aelvo- cale who pro.se'e'uleel, for exleirtiein, the pre'si- dent of the Narbonnese jirovince. " AVho will ever be found guilty," exclaimed the ve'he'nu'iit I)e'l[)liidius, "if it be e'lieiugh lei eh'ny V" " .Vnd who, " rejilie'd .Julian, " will e've-r be "innocent, if it be suflie'ient lu afllrni 'l" — Gibuon's Ko.mk, ch, ly, p. •Hi. JUHTK'E. 301 3050. JUSTICE by Force. Sir FnniriH Itnth. [Wliilc t'jitra;ji'(l in llic mImvc Iriidf, the Spaiiiiinls uttackril till' lli'i't will) wliicli lie Mailed. I ('ii|iliiiri I)ral<(' swcncdcd in icscuinj; lii>< siiip lioiii tlic fdc ; lint lie I'cai'lu'd Kn^dand a ruinrd man. Al- tliinijili the Kinifot' Spain was alrrady nicdilalinL,'' the ('(in(|ii('vl (if Kn^land, tlic twci natiiinH were Hiill at iiraci', and Captain Drake tlierelon' ap- jilied t(i tile Spanish ({(ivernineiit {'(ir the restdia- lion nt the pidperty uiilawfidly seized. His de- mands lieinif disreiiarded, he swnre In take liy Idree what liad lieeii denied t(i his .sdiieiialinns. Ts'ever was un nalh lietler kept. In 177'2 he cnn trived to eipiip and arm tWd small vessels, iind (ililained I'l'din the (|iieeii a Cdnimissidn such as was lecpiisite Idfliis imrpdse. .Idined liy II third vessel in the Sdwth Ameiicaii waleis, he sudden- ly descended iijidM the (iiasts of New (ii'anada, lihindered the settlements, hiirril tlie Spanish .shipping', and held the whdle rcuion at his met- cy. He i-etuined to IOni;laiid laden with a pm- (liitidiis liddty--eniiiii;h td make him one of the richest private persun; ill iMirnpe. ( 'vci.(iri;i>i \ Ol' HlfKi. p. it.'iS. !MMM>. JUSTICE, Governmental, liouiiin. |Ivirly in the si.xth ceiilmy the .lews were insulted in persiin, their] eirects were pilla;;ed. and their synatiduues were liurnl liy the mad pupulace (if liavenna and lidine, iiitlameil, as it should seem, liy the nidst frivdidus (ir exiiavat;iint jire- tences. The ^'dvernmeiit which cduld ncLrlect, ■would have deserved such an dUtrai^c. A lei:al iiKpdry was instantly directed ; and as the au- thdrs (if the lunuilt had cscjiped in the cniwd, the whole community was cdndeiiuied Id repair the daniaiiC ; and the olistinate liii;(ils, who |-e- fuse(| their contriliutions, wer(! whipped Ihrouiih the streets liy the hand of the c.Kecutioni'r. 'I'liis simple act df justice exasperated the discdn- tent (if the Calholics, who applauded the merit and patience df these hdly coid'essdrs. — (JiiiiioN's KdMl'-,, eh. :«», p. ;ti :I00I. JUSTICE honored. ('.innU thr. tinKt. [Canute. . . . the lirst Danish kin^c of Ijiiiland, 111 his leiler to| " Jill the nations of the ICnf^lish," . . . has one jiassauc which may maki? us lie- licve thai power and |iidsperily are not alua\s corruptiiijj;- — "And now he it known unto you all that I have dedicated my lifi- to Odd, to i,niv- crii my kinirdoms with justice, and to oliserve the rif;ht in all things. If in the time that is past, and in the vidlcnce and carelessness of my ydulh, I have \'i(ilaled justice, it is my intenlidn, liy llu' help df God, to ir.ake full compeiisalidn. 'i'heretore I lici; and coiiuuaiid those to whom I have intrusted the ndvernmeiit, as they wish to preserve my Lcoodwill, and sa\'e their own souls, to do no injustice either Id poor or rich. Lei those who are udlile, and IIkisc wIki are iiot, (■((ually (ilitain their riirhts, accordiiu;' to the laws, from which no deviatidn shall he allowed, either from fear of me, or throuirh favor '.o the jidwerful, or for the purjiose df supplyin.ii' my treasury. I want ud lUdnev raised hy injustice." [\.\t. lU;r).] — IvNKilir'S |-LN(i., Vdh 1,' eh. 11, p. 108. 30«a. JUSTICE, Impartiality of. limiutn. Tar- juin was at this time in Kiruria. where he ]ire- vaiied on twd df the mcist ]iowerful cities, Veil and 'l'ar(|uinii, locs|iousc his cause. These Stales W-'ut amba.ssadors to Home with a formal re(iuisi- lidti that the exiled prince mi^dil lie allnwed in return. . . . Tin purpose they gained hva lilier- alempliiymeiit ot liriliesand promises. The con- Hpiracy , however, was detected ; and il was foil iid that among' the chief jicrsons concerned wcicihe tWd s(ins of Urutus and the nephew s of ( ullati- mis. An example was now exhiliiied, severely virtuous indeed, hut which the necessity of cir- cumstances re(|uire(l and jiislilied. Hriilus him- self sat in jiidgmenl upon his twd sons, and (oii- ;t,i(l,r. It is sai. I that in the first years df his reign, w hen .apital causes were liroiight liefurc him, he used to slop one df his ears with his hand, while the plaiiililT was opening the indiclmeni, thai he might reserve it perfectly iinpre judiceil for heariiii;- the di fiiid- aut. — >'nr.\H( us Ai,i';x a.ndkh. J10«W. JUSTICE, Mockery of. /'^i/^-il. |Inl.M(l, when An hliishoii Craninerl came liefore the coin- missioners, he was cited toap|ieaial Koine with in eighty days, there to answer the charges against him. This was one of the moi'kerics of the Kajial rule in Kiigland. There were prison- walls lietweeii tli(^ arcldiishopand Koine, and at the I'lid of the time he was declared coiitiiiua- cious. — K.NKiirr's Kno., vol. :{, ch. (i. iiOMi. JUSTICE for Money. hji/iiti^i i,s. A hundred of the principal Alexandrians came to Italy with a remonstraiice (ag.aiiist the apjioint- nieiit of Ktdlemy to the Kgyplian throne] ; and had they brought iiKinev with them they iiiiLilit have had a respectful hearing. l!ul they had liniughl iidiie or not enough, and Ptolemy, se- cure of his patron's supiiort, hired a party of banditti, who .set on the deiiutatioii when it land- ed, and killed the greater part of its members. — Fkol'De's C.ks.vu, i:li, 15. 3y llif crown. .Mcny was olTcrcd to .sonii' prisoners on eonws, con.senled to pay ,i; I *),(»()(»'- f rebels imdiT till' I )ulve of Monmouth. | .lelTreys reached Dorchester, the |)rin(ii)al rovvn of the coiintv in which Monmo'itli hail landed, and the judicial massacre licf^aii. The court was InwiLT, I y order of the chief-justice, with scarlet ; and this inno vaMoii seemed to the multitude to indicate a bloody purpose. It, was also rumored that, when th(! i'ler!.;yman who i)reached the assize se'T.Kai enforced the duly of inercv, the ferocious mouth of tho judi;e was distortcil by an ondnous ;rrin. The.se thin;;s made men auL!:ur ill of what was to follow.— M.vc.vL'i.AV'rt Enu.. eh. 5, \). 5U(l. 3««9. JUSTICE, Partiality of, I'rof, .s,v,y/. The- mistocles, who was an aj.creeai>le compaiuon, ,','aiiu'd many friends, and became respectable hi the stremrlh of his |)opularity. Thus when he Avaslold that he woidd ^'overn thi' Athenians ex- tremely V 11, if h(! wouiil but do it without re- fil)ect of jiersons, he said, " Alay I never sil ou !i tribunal where my fiieiids shall not find more favor from m. Theri? is still \\sm\ a short letter of his to Ilydreins the Carian, which is u])roof of wh.at wv. Iiavesaid : " If Nicias is irmo- cent, itc(piit him ; if he is not imioeeiit, acquit him on my .account ; however, bi; sure to acquit liim. " — 1'li T.Muu's Aui:siL,\( s. 3071. JUSTICE, Poetic. ConUiinl Woh,!/. Un- der ('rom\\cil the coercion of juries and liie juanaifemeiitof jiidp's rendered the courts mere niouthpiece.s of the royal will; and where even till! shadow of justiii! Jiroved .in obstacle lo Woodshed. Tarliament was biought into play to ■[lass bill after bill of attainder. " He .^liall be judired by the bloody l,i\\ she has himself made," ■was the cry of the couik il at the moment of his fidl, and by a siiiLMdar retribution the crowniuLr injustice which he soui,dit io introduce e\'en into the practice of attainder — thecondemnation of a man without heariiiL: his defence — was oidy jirac- tise;iMli(jn of a wroiiu' as done, not to the individual man, but lo the people al larjfe, ill another custom of larly dale, 'riic ])rice of life or limb was paid, not by the wroiiif-doer to the man lie wronged, but by the family or iioiisi? of tin- wron;^ doer t,, tin! family or house of the wronj^ed Order ami law were thus made to rest in each little ^roiip of people upon the blood-bond which knit itn families together. — Hist, ok K.Nti. Pkoi'I.i:, JS 12. 3073. JUSTICE. Satisfaction of. Mit h o m ,■ t. [When near hist'iul. .Mahomet J made an ciTort to obtain himself the peace and pardon of the liv- ing before pri'sei ling hiin.self befori- his .liidge. Sustained beiii ilh the arms by his two cherished disciples, Abulx'ker and .\li, lu; trailed liiniH'lf along to the |)ulpitof the ino;(pie. .iiid .said, witFi a fi'ebl(! voici' : " Miissul lans ! if 1 have ever maltreated iinv among you, let him now comy and .striki> me in turn. If I have olTeiiiled any f)f you bywiiid, let him return insult for insult. If I have taken from any his jiropcrty, let him take ad that I jiosscss upon thee.arth. Andlhoso ail' not vain words; let no one, in doing hiin- .self justice, a|)prehend my resentment. Hesent- ment and anger are not "in my chaiacter." A I'lan dared to step from the crowd aiul claim of iiim IV concealed debt. " Help thys( If," .said Iho prophet; " it is better to blush in this life be- fore men, for one's in justice, than to blush in tliH other world before tfod." — L.vmaiitink'h Tiu- Kl;^ p. 148. 3071. JUSTICE, Systematized. V/inrltmni/iif. Slill further to harmonizi! the dLscordaiit pails of his empire, Charlemagne divided thejirov inceH into dill'ereiil districts, each of which cont.aiiied several eounlies. He abolisheii the ancient cus- tom of governing thein by dukes ; and in their place he a|)poiiited three or four royal riivoys, ( ailed M/'xti Diitiiiniri, to govcri each jirovincu or Mixfidtirinn, obliging thei 1 to an e.xact visita- lion of it i'very tlii'i^ nu iiiiis. These envoys held lour courts in the year for the iidministra- lioii uf jusliee ; and llie arrangement in which the business of lliese «l('r(liiii< WMM liirlitcd II)) as fin' a ^rrut drlivcninci', iiml cliililii'i) nm iiluni; llu" cahitU '«lh*iiiing for Joy llial llic ihvil WMH (Irud. Kvi'n K.ijiiIIhIm ex- ; tli< old '•oldicrN ot Ilir C'oiiiinon\M ;dili l(» arn^ Soon lln' caiiital lic>,'mi lo t'ccl tlw riilsiTl*'- of M hlockadc. - MsfMi.AY'"* Kn(1., r. (iiti NeV( rllieless IlieU' \\(|i in him Hot only fori I', coiirauf, liMrnin;^ /• al Inr doini; ;footl, hut i;reat kindness, and even l( nderiK ssof hearl. '■ I see in III i- world," 111 Miid, " two In ips of hu- iiiaii hiip|)iii( ss and mis( ry ; now. if 1 i mi lake hut the sinallest hit from one heaji and add it to till- other, I carry a point ; if, as I !_o limne, a child lias diiipped ahull penny and hv fiivini^ it aiiollier 1 can wipe away its tears I feel 1 have (lone something." — Smitii'h (owi'kk. cli. 3. 30rf«». KINO of Fanatics. ,1 'h u Uocrold. [The A nali.MpIists. I 'I'll \ surprised mid took posses- si(.i! of theiityof >(unster, when- they preaelicd their doclrines ili such elVi it thai the peopli', inspired willi fimzy, exiielled their bishop, luiil declared lli:il they would ha ve liootliei r iVi riior than (lod Almiirlily, Malllii;is, who was ilieir chief proiiliet, liaviiiir lieeii killed in a .sally from the town upon I'h troops of the hishop w\io had laid siei;r of il .lolin Horeold. a joiiiiieymaii tailor, who had been (lisiiiii^iiislied by the iiaiiu; of Jack of Levden, can id himself, with urcat ceremony, folic imointed kiiiLT, and appointed twelve a|ioslles to jiroclaini his som vciLiii author ily over all the lower (teiinaiiy * me of his fa vorite tenets was poly^faiiiy ; and liesetamost il- lustrious example himself by marryin;; fourteen wives. One of his wives lia\im,' expressed .some doubt a.s to his divine mi' ion, Moeeold iiiiiie di- alely cut oil' her head, and the thirteen others danced round her body with lrims])i)rls nl joy. 'Munsler lieiii^ closely "in ie,iie(l, this 'aiialic de- fended the city obstinately for Iwi he nioiiths ; but he fell at ienirth a \iiiiin totlii uaeheiy ■ sci'ie of his own followers, and hi- ( nemies . jHit liiin to death wiili . . . crucltv. — 'I^'ri.i is Hist,, Uookti.di. ','(), p. 2!^' f^OrO. KING, An infant, ././wc.v. , Wlini >.iry abdicated the throiir , ,|' Sioilanu. .lainrs, liri- infant son, was borne I., the lli.i,di Cliunli of Slirliii,!,^ : the abdi<'at''onol hismotiier \\ i> read ; KiK-x preached ; the child was (towiumI ; the lords took the oaths of allegiancr ; and 'he in- fant of thirteen mciitlis was carried hack to his cradle.] — Kmoht'h Eno., vol. :i, ' h. 10, p. 152. :iONO. , Of Fnitii'r mill h'lif/'onil. lieiiiy \'. . . did in the Ihirly fourthyearol his lip', one of llir niosi lieriiii' princes Ihal iai'T swa,\oft as lall'eta .sarsenet, which fell so becau'- he iii'ver washed his iiands. bill rubbed 1 ' igeis' ends <|uili' slightly wllli the wet end ii a napkin ; his leg', were very weak, .soiu have thought thiough some foul play in his yonih, and the weakness made him ever leaning on other people's slioul ders, :ind his walk was evi'r ciri ulai Hoods ( KoMw i:i.i rh. ;.'. p. :n :iO(«tJJ. KINGS unhappy. II /7//<('y; ///. He . , told the Duke of Hamilion '• he wished lie were a thousand miles from Pngland, and that he had lu'V'i been king of if." I He was iiiuioyed by the u.ipatrioljc bickerings in Parlianiiiit. J — IvMi.ui s Kn'/. When Tiiiy w .■ l.:k' II. some of till' Tro,jans, having es- caped and gained their dps. put to sea. and hi'ing (IriM'ii by the win.; 'jion the coast of Tii cany, ciiiiie to an iinelio, m tin- river Tibei ; , here llieir ^^ ives beiiu'; much t iliuncd, and no longer able lo bear the hardships ol the sea, one of them, superior to the rest in birth and pni- deiice, naini'd Hoiiia, proposed Ihul they should burn the tliet ; . . . lliis beiii.'; ellected, the meii at first were much exaspera; cd, Iml aflei ward, through necessity, fixed tin ir seal on the Pala- tine Hill, and in a short lime things succeeded be- yond I III It I'Xpectatiou; for the coiinlry was good, and liii pei)|)le hospitable ; . . . t htrefoie, licsiih' otlief honors ]iiiid to Koina.they' illed their cit\ , as she was the ciiiise of its beitm laiih, after her name. Hriire too, ■sve are infotn.ed.tlie custom iiro.se for the women to saliile I lieir relations ami husbands w ilh a kiss, beeausi those women, when they had burned liiesliips, u.sed such kind ot en- dearments to appeasi' the leseiitlilent ■ '' their iius- ban. -Pi I iaiu ii-^ KoMrt.is. neee«lings on the s<'rutiny and lo inr^ueuce] Uie high 'miliff in cirtain relurns of tin ioliabitunts of Westniinsier AVbeu he was IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I I^^BM |2.5 Jf lii 122 S l£ 12.0 1.25 i 1.4 I m ^^^ m y ?" Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WERf^TER.N.Y. MS BO (716) 877-4503 i am ^o Lc? ? ^ > I 3r.4 KNIGHTHOOD— KNOWLEDGE. hroiiglit to tlio l)ur to receive his sonipnco of dose coniinittiil to Newgale lie refused to ]rds, "In the name of God, St. Michael, and St. George, I make thee a knight. Be valiant, lirrdy, and loyal." — Tyt- LEU'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. It), p. 107. 30§7. KNOWLEDGE desired. Samud Jolin- son. He observed, " All knowledge is of itself of some value. There is nothing so minute or inconsiderable that I would not rather know it than not. In the same manner, all power, of whatever sort, is of itself desirable. A man ■would not submit to learn to hem a niflloof his "wife, or his wife's maid ; but if a mere wish could attain it, he would rather wish to be able to liem a ruffle." — Boswei.l'b Jounsox, p. 250. 30§S. KNOWLEDGE, Eagerness for. T/is Poet Shelley. No student ever read more assidu- ously. He was to be foimd, book in hand, at all hours ; reading in season and out of season ; at table, in bed, and especially during a walk ; not only in the quiet country, and in retired paths ; not only at Oxford, in the public walks, and High Street, but in the most crowded thorough- fares of London. Nor was he less absorbed liy the volume that was open before him in Cheap- side, in Cranbourne Alley, or in Bond Street, than in a lonely lane or a secluded library. — Symonds' Shelley, ch. 2. 30§9. KNOWLEDGE, Happiness by. Socrates. "With regard to the pursuit of knowledge, Socra- tes held that all science was contemptible which did not tend to the happiness of man, by the regulation of his conduct in society ; that the most beneficial wisdom is to be intimately ac- quainted with ourselves, to see our errors and defects, that we may be enabled to amend them. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 3, ch. U, p. 208. 3090. KNOWLEDGE, Humility for. IHrirui. [Hev. Thomas Coke, LL. !>., a graduate of Ox- ford,] found in Devonshire an untutored but intelligent Methodist, a cla.ss leader of tlie rus- tics in the neighborhood. The nature of faith, justilication, regeneration, and the cvidenceK \s hich attend them — the " unsearchable riches of Cliri.''t" — were themes iipon which the clergy- man found ho could be instructed by the un- lettered pea.sant. Ihuicknowledged that he owed to him greaUT obligations "with respect to the me \ns of finding i)eace with God and trancjuillity of mind than to any other person." — Stevens' M. E. Ciii'HCii, vol. 2, p. l.W. 3091. KNOWLEDGE without Learning, reter Cooper, LI.. I). With no jiroclivity to classical or philosojiliical learning, he was through life a diligent student of human Mfl'airs, and nothing that concerned tlu; well-being of his fellow-men escaped his notice, from liis nearest neighbors to the mightiest clianges in the conditions of nations. So that, while he could not be called a man of learning, he was pre-eminently a man of knowledge, lie was an untiring student of nature and art ; the mingling of those twoiiiiulc \ip his wliole life ; they culminated at last in the Institute, which represents their blending. — Life of Pi/rEii Cooi'eu, nv Lkstkh, p. 12. 3092. KNOWLEDGE, Limitations of. Aristo- tle. A great body of his writings is 3-et pre- served, and is sutlicient to warrant our estima- tion of Aristotle as one of the most vigorous and comprehensive geniu.scs that ever the world has produced. . . . The vanity of Aristotle prompt- ed him to aim at universal knowledge ; and pro- fessing to embrace the whole circle of the sciences, he only manifests the more signally his superficial knowledge in many departments, and his presumptuous ra.shncss in deciding ques- tions beyond the reach of liuman intellect. These palpable defects have injured his legitimate repu- tation in these branches of science in which he is truly excellent. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 2, ch. 9, p. 275. 3093. KNOWLEDGE, Progress of. Aristatle. ]\Ir. Lewes makes a remark conceriiin\^ Aristo- tle : " It is the glory of science to be con.stantly progressive. After the lapse of a century, the greatest teacher, on reappearing amcng men, would have to assume the attitude of a learner. Tlic very seed sown hy himself irould hare sjirvng vp into a forest to obscure the view. But he who rejoices in the grandeur of the forest must not forget by whom the seeds were sown. His her- itors, we are richer, but not greater than he." This is a just and bcauti^'ul passage. There is not an intelligent boy or girl in a well-conduct- ed school who could not set Aristotle right on a thousand points of science, Avhocoidd not laugh at many of his mistakes ; and yet it is not less true that he was one of the greatest intellects that has ever appeared among men. — Cyclope- dia OF Bioo., p. 5r)3. 3094. KNOWLEDGE, Promotion of. Jared Sparks. [Dr. Jared Sparks went from the car- penter's bench to the Presidency of Harvard College.] He was a Connecticut boy, born as long ago as 1789, and as poor as any boy tliat reads this book. He earned his living as soon as KNOWLEDGE— LAHOR. 305 he was strniii; ciiouu'li to wiold a hoc f)r drive a plnuLrli-liorsc, hy W()t'Uiii}.v "" h rouifli, stony ConiH.'Ctiiiit fjiiiii ; iind wlicii lie liud urowii to be 11 pretty stout lad, lie was («c,isii)iially cin- jiloycd ill a saw-imil of tiic iiciiriiliorliood. Wlicii tlic I line caiiic for liim to Icani a laisiiicss lie i apprenticed himself to n carpenter, and he work- ed diliirently at this trade for two years. ^VIlen lie was twenty years of ai^e he was still hiiin- meriiitr, plaiiinic, and niorlisini; as a car|)enter's appi'entice. Hut durinj; all liiis time, whether worUinir on a farm, or in the saw-mill, or in tlu^ carpenter's sho]). he sjieiit his leisure hours in readiiiir and study, ilr had a most extraordina- rv thir>t fo -nowledw. — (.'yii.oI'KDI.v ok IJioci., ]'). (il!t. aO«.>. KNOWLEDGE, Sacrifices for. nc/tjfi- tiiiii Friiiilliii. IJeiijaniin heinn' a printer's ap- prentice, lie was more and more iiuz/le(l to Lcral- ify his love of kiiowjediic. Hut one day he hit, li|)oii ail expedient that hrouLcht in a little cash. By readinu: a vei^etariaii hook, this hard, calcii- latini,' Yankee lad had been led to tiiink that jieopje could live better without meat than with it. ,'iiid that killiiiii; innocent animals for food ■\va> ci-uel and wicked. So he abstained from meat allo.L,^ellier for about two years. As this led to some iiiconvenieneeat lii.s boardinii-house, lie made this eunniiiij; proposition to his master : " (jive me one jialf the money you pay for my Ixjai'd, and 1 will board myself." The master (•onseiitini;-, the apprentice; lived entirely ui^on .such thiiiirsas hounny, bread, rice, ami potatoes, and found that he could ai tually live upon half of the half. What did the calculating; wretch do with the money ? Put it into his money-box ? No ; he laid it all out in the improvement of his mi'. 1. — Cyclopedia ok Bioo., p. 129. :t096. . John Fitrh. [The inventor.] Finding an old arithmetic in hisfather'.s house, he studiecl it in the evenini^s till he had mastered it. He heard one day, when he was eleven years old, of a wonderful book called Salmon's Geoirraphy, which, he was told, would i^ive him inform, dion about the whole wcjrld. But, alas ! the price was ten shillings. After vainly entreating his father to buy it for him, he hit upon a i)lan for raising that enormous sum himself. There were somt; lauds ii]ion his father's farm, too high to b,; reached by the plough, which wen' not cultivat- ed. His father consente(i to let him jilant po- tatoes theie, and to have the jiroduce him.self, jirovided he worked the land oidy on holichiys, or after his regular work was done. [The prod- iice came to ten shillings, the book cost twelve shillirigs, and his father made him jiay for the set'd potatoes. So he incurred a debt.] — Cyci.o- I'KDiA or BioG., p. 148. 309r. KNOWLEDGE, Theft of. Stilpo. Deme- trius [the Macedonian general, having taken the city of Megara. was] satisfied with expelling the gairison, ;uid declared the city free. Amid ihes. transactions, he bethought I'liuiself of Stil- po, a pinlosojiher of gn at rei)utation. who sought only the retirement and tran([uillity of a studious life. He sent for him, and asketl him whetlier they had taken anything from him. " No," said Stilpo, " I found none that wanted to steal any knowledge, " — Plutaucu's De.methius. 309§r LABOE vs. Capital. Enijlnnd. The couimou people of that age were not in the habit of meeting for public discussion, of haranguing, or of petitioning Parliament. No news])aper pleaded their cause. It was in rude rhyme tlial their love and hatred, their exultation and their distress, found utterance. A great i)ai't of their history is to be learned only from their ballads. One of the most remarkable of 'he popular lays chanted about the streets of Norwich and Leeds in the time of Charles II. niiiy still be read on the original broadside. It is the vehement and bitter crv of lalior against cajiilal. It descrilies the gooii old limes when every artisan emi)loyed ill the woollen manufacture lived as well as a farmer. But those times were i)ast. Sixi)encea > Charitn. [In ls:Jl the laborei's of England] belie\-ed, as they had long lieen encoura,i;e(l by the magistrates to believe, that the parish was liouiid to tind work and ]>ay wherever there was no protitable woi'k to be done. | In England was the jiarish gravel- Jiit.] The gra\el-i)it lowered the wages of all agricultural labor, by confounding the distinc- tions between industry and idleness, between strength and weakiK.'ss, between dexterity and clumsiness. All the moral (lualitications that made one laborer more valuable than another were broken down. And so when the weekly ])ittance for unprofitable labor was doled out by the overseer of the poor — when the farmer e(pial- ized the rate of wa.ijes by reducing his plough- man and carter almost to the level of the gravel dig,gers, and sent their wives to the overseer to make uj) by allowance the just payment of which they were defrauded — the peasantry took to liurn- inir ricks and breaking machines. — Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 16, p. 287. 3100. LABOR, Deliverance by. "Apron." The Saracens confess a loss of T">()0 men ; and the battle of Cadesia is justly describeil by the epithet.') of obstinate and atrocaous. The .stand- ard of the monarchy was overthrown and capt- ured Ml the tield — a leathern apron of a black- smith, who in ancient times had arisen the de- liverer of Persia ; but this badge of heroic pov- erty was disgiused, and almost concealed, liy a profusion of precious irems. — Giuhon's Bo.me, ch. .51. p. 179, :1101. LABOR, Evening. Knf/Ii.sh—Irixh. Tlu; Irish laborers close the day witli a game on greasj' cards, or lying stretched befoi'e the tire. In England, whentlK; labor of the day is over, it is usual for men to betake themselves to some other labor of a different kind. In the northern ])arts of that industrious land the inhabitants meet, a jolly crew, at one another's houses, where they merrily and frugally jiass the long dark winter evenings, .several families bj- the .same light and b}' the same tire working at their dif- ferent manufactures of wool, tiax. or hemp, company meanwhile mutually cheering and pro- :w,c, LABOR. voUinif loliilior. In ccrlaiii (itlicr pints yciu iniiy Hcc. on 11 sniimii'r's cvcriitii;', the coiiiindii liihoi- ciN silliiiiT mIoiil;- lliL' sirct'ts (if m towti or villni;!', e.'icli ill liisowii ildiir, Willi ii I'usliioii li{ lure liim, iiiiikiiii;' hdiicliicc, iiiiil ciiniiiiLi; more in iiii cvcii- inu's i)iisliiii(' lliiin iiii Irish liinii'v would in ii wholly (liiv. Aliis I lor tlic lioiic-liicc niiikci-s. Their inidislry wiis iiliuost ('.\liiii,niisiic(i l)y tiie iiicxonilijc iiiiicliiiic (liic liol)liiii-iicl-i'nitii"c) in |H(i!>. — i{i;uKi:i,KV, IN K.NKiUT's Emi., vol. 5, eh. 2, ]). 1!». ^102. LABOR, Expensive, (iiorf/c, Wiim/u'ii//- liiii. lie (^w•Il('ll one iiiindrcd iind one cows, imd yet liml to liuv luillcr soinclinics for tiic use of ills fiiinily. \V'oMld the rciidcr like to know th(! rciison ? ' Ociicrid \\'iishin,i,'-ton himself tells ns. He Miention.-f in his diiiry tliitt one inoniin;^ in Fehnmry, 17()0, lie went out to whei'e " my ciu-- IM'iiters " were jiewiii^ — the snid ciiriienters ho- intX hlaek skives. " I found," he wrote, " thiit, four of them — niimely, Georu;e, Tom, Mike, and youii^ Hilly — liii'l only liewed one hundred imd twenty feet sine*! yesterdiiy ill ten o'eloek." Sur- jirised ill this meiif^re result of ii diiy's hihor of four men, liesiit down to .see how they nmniiired. Under tlie s]iell of the niiister's eye they worked fiistcr, l)ut still in ii wonderfully hunfi-lintr imd diiwdlin^ manner. He records thai, after they hiid prepsiredii loii; for cut ting int o leiifrt lis, "they si)ent twenty-tive minutes mori! in gelling the crosscut saw, stiinding to consider whiit to do, sawing the .stock in two phices," etc. He found that the four men had (lone exactly one man'.s work the diiy liefore, sup])()siii. I hey could work no fiistcr Iliiin they liiiil done; whiU; he watched them, i.nd tliiit one intelligent, active laborer could do iiboiit ii.s nnich hewing in two diiys as they would in a week. Ilerewe hiive tlie rt'iison why a man possessing one liundred anil one cows had to buy butter. —Cyclopedia ok Bioo., p. 13. 310.3. LABOR, Forced. Defence. [In antici- ]iiition of a French desi'cnt upon the coasts of Enghmd,] there is astiituleof 1512 for the speciiil erei'tion of bulwiirks from Plymoutli to Land's End, luid in all other landing-pliiees. . . . To as- sist their country against inviision neces.siirily deniiinds some persoiiiil pi'ivation from the high iind the lowly. But the government which en- iicled thiit iill thcinliabitiinis of the niiirilime dis- tricts sliould be compelled to work ill such bul- warks, with tJieir own instrumenls, find to re- ceive no compensiilion for their toil, was a gov- ernment thill hesiliited not to rob tlui i)oor of their only capital, their power of liibor, to spi'ro the rich, wiio.se properly Wiis chietly imperilled by the ]5r()liiil)le iissiiults of a ho.stile force. Those who ciime not to work iind to stiirve, at the summons of the mayors iind cousttibles, were to be committed to prison. The Imilders of the pynimids, with their scanty fiire of onions and Ui'.ilic, were in ii liiip]iier condition than the free Enii-lish under Henry VIII. — Knight's Exci., vol. 2, eh. K,, p. 'JliT.' JIO'l. LABOR honored. .Vintliniii TAhfidn. I In ls:i() Thoiuiis Lincoln moved to .Miieon Co., 111. j He immediiitely erected ii logciibin, anil with the iiid of his son, who was now twenly- one, ])roceede(l to fence in his new farm. Abra- ham had little idcii while . . . mauling the rails . . . he was writing a Jfiige in his life which would be read by the whole nation years after- ward. . . . During llie sitting of llie ){epubliciin State Convention, at Decatur, ii biiuiier iillaehed to two of these rails . . . Wiis brought into Iho assembliige, and forniiilly |)resenled to that body, iiiiiid ii scene of unpiii'iilleled enlhusiasin. . . . They were in deiiiiind in every State of the Union. — U.w.mond's Li.ncol.n, ("h. I, p. 23. 3105. LABOR by Impressment, Eihrurd lU. In Kill* his letteis-piilent went forth lo jiress hewers of slone, ciir[)enters, and other iirtilicerH ; iind tlu^ same priiiciph^ of imiiressing workmen Wiis]>ut in force twenty years. — IvMiiiiTs E.Nit., vol. 1, ch. ;{(), p. 46!). 3100. LABOR lost. Amhihm. After tifteen years of such a life as this [forest life| he piiid a visit to his relations in Philiidelphiti, ciirrying w ilh iiini two hundred of his designs, the result of his laborious and perilous waiKlerings. Being obliged to leave Philadelphia for some weeks, ho left these in a box ill the hou.se of one of his re- liitions. On his return, what were his horror and (lesi)air to discover Ihat they were lobilly destroy- ed by mice ! "A jioignant flame," he reliites, ■' ])ierce(l nij' brain like iinsirrow of tire, iind for .sevend weeks I wiis prostrated with fever. At length physical and moral strength awoke wilh- in me. Agiiin I took my gun, my giime-bag, and portfolio, and my jiencils, and plunged once more into the dent lis of my forests." — Cyclopedia op Bioo., p. 104. 3107. LABOR, Machinery relieves. Chtinfies. [The Yorkshire clothier, about the clo.se of the •seventeenth century, kei)l] his one horse to fetch home his wool and his provisions from the iiiiirket, to Ciirry liis yarn to the siiiimers, his manufaclures to the fulling-mill, iind, when fin- ished, totliemaiket to be sold. — Knuuit'sEno., vol. .'), ch. 3, p. 27. 310§. . Mining. I)e Foe says : " We Siiw the poor wretch (ii leiid miner in Derby- shire] working and heaving him.self up with dif- licully. . . . lie wa.-; clothed all in leather; had a Ciip f)f tlK> .same witiioul brims, and some tools in a little basket, which he drew up with him. . . . Beside his basket of tools he brought up with him about three (juartersof a iimulred weight of ore." [He, worked sixty fiithoms deep. He as- cended by aiinrrow,S(iU!ire opening, in the iinglcs of which pieces of wood were inserted.] Such was mining in the diiys before theslciim-engine. — Knkjht's EN, ch. 2, p. 21. 3109. LABOR misapplied. Gimt Wull of China. [Generiil (iriint visited if, and said :] " I believe tliiil the labor expended on this wall could liavi! built every railroad in the United States, every Ciuiiil iind liigliwiiy, iind most if not all our cities." — (Jeneual Grant's Tuav- in.s, p. 404. 3110. LABOR oppressed by Law. England. A.D. 138S. [In \\\m it wa.s] euiuted " thiit he or she which u.se lo labor at the plough and cart, or other lidior or service of husbandry, till they he of the age of twelve years, from thenceforth sliiill abide at the same labor, without being put to any my.stery or handicraft ; iind if iiny cove- iiiint or bond of iipprentice be from henceforth luade to Ihe cimtniry, the same sluill be holden for none." Another eniiclment of the.siime Par- liimienl is to the ellect thai artiticers and meuof LAHOU. ;}( 1 1 (•riit'l, scrvMiils and ii|i|irciili<(s, slmll lie coin pcllcil Id serve in llie limvesl, In ciil, ^iillier, iiMil liiinLT in llie corn. . . . Male iind reiniile M rviinis inid Inliorers ure not to depitit nl tlie end of their term, to l^o to iinotlier pliice, without let- ters tesliinoniiil \iiider the kinu's seal, intrw-ted Tor Hint piirjiose to some irood niiin of the hun- dred, rape, wapentake, city, or horoiii^h ; w.aii- derin;:: without such letters they were put, in the stocks.— K.Nrdii'r's KN(i., vol. 2, eh. 1, \). Ki. 31 1 1. LABOK oppressed, liii Lmr, [In i:m] the Statute of Laborers was ]i;iss<'d. Its ])re- amlile read : " Mecause a ^reat part of the peo- ple, and esjx'cially of workmen and servants, late died of the ])e.stilenee, many, ■seeiiii,'' the ne- cessity of masters and (jreat, scarcity of servants, will not serve unless they may receive e.yessive waircH." . . . It was enacted " That every ahle- hodied man and woman, not hciiifra merchant or exercisinff any craft, or having'' estat(^ or land, should lie houuden to serve, whenever re(pdred so to do, at the wafies accustomed to he ;j;iveii in the t'veiitieth year of the kiiifr, and in live or six years ne.xt hefore. If any man or woman, free orhond,. . , would not, he or sh(! should lie com- mitted to tlu^ next jail." It also cnaited that lahorer.s (lei)artiiig from their .service should be imiirisoned, and that those masters whi) consent- ed to fjive tlio higher wages should he liable to be midcted in double the amount paid or prom- ised. The statute then goes on to ajiply the same regiilatioiiH to all arliticers — saddlers, skinners, . . . cor'lwainers, tailors, smiths, car] ten- ters, masons, tylers, shipwrights, carters. . . . No jierson sin ild give alms to such as might be alile to lal)or, . . . under pain of im])risonmeiit. Hut llie laws of nature were too strong for the laws of policy. Two years later we have an- other statute. ... A scale of wages is then set for laborers in husbandry ; and the wages of car- ]ienters, ma.sons, tylers, and others concerned in iiuilding are also fixed. The i)riiici|)lc of con- fining th(! laborer to one locality is established by enacting, with the exception of the inhabitants of Stafford, Lancashire, Derby, Craven, and of tlu^ Welsh and Scotch inarches, who may coiiu; and go to other places in harvest time — "that none of them goetli out of tin- town where lie dwelleth in the winter, to serve the summer, if he may serv in the same town." — IvM(;nT"s E.N(i., vol. 1, ch. 30, p. 471. 31 la. . Fi.ird Wd'/rx. [About ir)9T Parliament enacted that rates of wages were t(> be settled annually by the justices in sessions as- sembled. Tlu! rate so settle. 271. 3113. LABOR, Profitless, ('ii'tim. This ])od, wliicli is about as large as a hen's vgiX, bursts when it is ripe, and the cotton gushes out at the fop in 11 beautiful white flock. If you examine this flock closely, you discover that it contains eight or fen large; seeds, much resembling, in size and shape, ilie seeds of a lemon. The fibres tif the cotton adhere so tightly to the seeds, that to get one |iouiid of elc'in cmIIiiii, without wast- ing any, used to re(|uire a whole day's lalior. It was this fuel that rendered the laisiiu;- of cotton so little prolilable. and kept the Southern Slates from -liiuing in the prosperity enjoyed liv the Slates of the Norlli, after the elose'nt' the Uevo- lulionary War. When the geiillemeii | w Im were visiting .Mrs. (Jreeii| had been com i'i>iiiL;- for some liiiie, the idea wiis started that perliaiw this work could b'' done by a machine. .Mrs. (ireelie then reinarkecl : ■ ( ienlleliieli, apply to my young friend, .Mr. ^Vhitney ; hi can make anything," Few words have ever been s]ioken on this globe that have had such iiiipoitani and memoralile coiisecpieiices as this simi'le observa- tion of .Mrs. Nathaniel (ireeiie. [See No. '.il)i»l. ] — CVCI.OI'KDI.V CIK Hioo,, p, 1.")!), 31 II. LABOR prolonged. Ft>iir/,>/i llmii-s, [By a statute of M!t.') it was re(Hiired that| from the middle of .March to the middle of Seiiteinber every laborer and artificer was to be at his work before five o'clock in the morning, and lie was to .lejiart not till between seven and eight in the evening. In this season he was to have half an hour ff)r breakfast, an hour fordinni'r, and half an hour for his " noneinefe ;" and from the mid die of 3Iay to the middle of August he was to have half an hour for sleej) in the day. From Se])tember to March he was to be at his work "in the springing of the day, and dejiart not till nidit of the same dav." — Kxkiiit's Eno. , vol. -2,' Ch. 7, p. 113. 3115. LABOR reduced. Hi/ Mtirliii„n/. [Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, and invited in- siieclion. i The gentlemen saw, with unbounded wonder and delight, that one man, with fhi> young Yankee's engine, could clean as much cot ton in one day as a man could clean by hand in a whole winter. The cotton grown on a large ]ilaiilation could be sejiarated from the seed in a few days, which hefore reipiired the constant la-^ bor of a hundred hands for several months. — Cyci.oi'kdi.v ok Hioci,, p. 101. 3II«. LABOR, Remarkable. ,Mi) Wi.-lci/. lie ]ireaclied 42, 4(H) serinoiis after his return from (Jeorgia — more than fifteen a week. [He died in the eighty-eighth year of liisa,ir<', after preaching the gospel for sixty-four years.] Ilis public life . . . stands out in tlie history of the world un- ((ues1ioiiiibly])re-eniiiient in religious labors above that of any other man since the ajtostolie age. — Stiovkns' ,M. E. Cmiicii, vol. 2, p, 2'JO. 3117. Labor respected. Xi/jioIki/, T. [At St. Helena.] Some slaves, witli heavy liurdeiis on their shoulders, came toiling up the narrow jtath. ^Irs. Balconibe, who was on her vctyage' to Eng- land from Bombay. ... in rather an angry Uaie ordered them to keep back. But the emperor, making room for the slaves, turned to ^Irs. Bal- conibe, and said, mildly, " Respect the bur- den, inadame." — AnuoT'r's N.vi'oi.ko.n B., vol. 2, ch. 30. 3ll$i. LABOR, Success by. .fmiK.ftdini (olim;/. Many circumstances inqieded (lie progress of the oldest Viririnia colony. The first settlers at .Taines- fown were idle, improvident, and dissolute. < )f the one hundred and five men who came ... in the sjiring of 1(507, only twelve were common la- borers. There were four carjienters and six nr eiirht masons and blacksmiths, but the lack < f ;3(;8 I.AIJOU— LAND. I li i nifclmnic-i was coiiipciisiitcd liy ii lniiu; lisl of t'lii'iyt'iirlii ^'■(■iillciiicii. . . . 'I'lic ])n)si)('ct of pliiiiliiiu Ml) .'. iiiciicim Slate (111 llic .Iiimcs lUvcr WHS iKil at all ciicoiivaLriiiir. — IJidi'atii's V . S., ell. 1». 11. !t."i. llJaiicniti adds: " One liall' of tlic (•(iliiiiv iKlislicd hcl'oic ailluiilli." \'i>l. 1, cli. 1.] ;ii 10. LABOR, Wages of. Snnil/. |Iiillirl)c. li-iiiiiiim- (if Ilic ciirlitcciilli cciilnrv, llic avcrau;!! \vau:c |iai(l t(ia farm lalidrcr was Tm., without food. Fifteen iKnmds was tlie averam,' yearly iiicoi".'.:' (if the lalioriiiii' iiian's family. Some consider l.v. to have had a iiurcliasini;- |)ower (•(|iial to '2n. at liic iireseiil timi'.J — KsKiiir's I'^no., vol. 5, eh. l, [1. .■)(). itl^O. . SlIlllHli JllhllKOII. iiiir the wau'es of day-laliorers is wroiiLC does not make them live lietter, but only Rais- for it. makes tliem idler, and idleness is a ve'y had thinu' for human nature. — MoswKi.i.'s .Ioiinson, p. 48"). S12I. LABOR, Youthful. Th'irlow M'lnl. .My first employment, when about ei^dit yeai's ol(l, was in lilowinn' a blacksmith's bellows for a .Mr. Ueeves, who nave mesi.\ cents ii day, which con- iributed so much toward thesupi>(irt of tlie fam- ily I slood upon a b().\ to enable me to reach tlu,' Jiiiiuile of the bellows. ... I trot a situation as cabin-boy on board the .slooj) Uani^^er ... in my ninth veiir. — Likh ok Tin ui.ow \Vi;i;i>, vol. 1, ch. 1.' 31'i2. LABORER honored. The, Aliil"/<>iii/inii.i. The l'h(enici,ins luid sulfered uuuh op])ression under the Persian yoke, and were thus triad to be emanci|>ated from its tyi'iuiny. Strato, the Wuvj: or irovcrnor of Sidon, attempted in vain [o maintain iiis jirovince in its allcLiiunee ; lie was deposed, and Alexander havinjr allowed his fa- vorite lIe]ih.'i'stion to (lisjiose of the crown, he conferred il on Abdolonynms, a man of great worth and virtue, and of illustrious and even royal descent, but whom nii.sfortunes had re- duced to seek a subsistence liv manual labor. — TvTi.KUs Hist., 15o()k2, ch. 4, p. 184. itl'iil. LABORER impoverished. Kiif/IM. The laborer of the eigliteenth eentiiiy never ato wheaten bread. , . . Tea and sugar, the comforts of the modern cottage, were wholly for the rich. Fresh meat was eaten only twice a week by half the working people, and never tasted at all t)y the other half. The salt to cure the flesh of his hog was very dear and frightfully imwliolesome. . . " V.'ooleii clothing of eveiy .sort was far dearer then. Linen was almost beyond the reach of his wif" and children. There were no cheap calicoes for their shirts, no smart prints ecpially cheap for their frocks. His hovel, with " onechimney," was unglazed, and its thatched roof and battered walls otlVred the most miserable shelter. Furni- ture he had none beyond a bench and a plank on trestles, an iron pot, and a liasin or two. he had the ague, and his children died of tlu! small- l)ox without medical aid. . . . He had not the slightest chance of going out of his condition through education. . . . His children were shut out of any broader \ lew of life than that of their native hamlet ; for charity .schools, fi'w and mean as they were, . . . were only established in some favored towns. The farmers and the small fre(!- holders were, with the exception of their greater command over the necessaries and comforts of life, at no great elevation above the husbaudmau, who worked for wages. — K.Moii'r's Kno. , vol, .*>. ch. 4. :iltll. LABORERS despised. /?// \'>nn(iiis. The Normans brought into Kngland a contempt for the laboring people, the .serfs, liie villein, . . , which did not exist in any hiicIi degree befon; the Norman coiuiuest. The peasant was . . . in every respect in bondage. His foreign inast.T plun(lere(| him and held Jiim in contempt. . . . The humblest cabin and the coarsest fare were thought almost too good for the villein. '■ WI13' should villeins eat lieef or any dainty food?" asks one of the Norman iongleiirs. — Rkkiiit's En(!., vol. 1, ch. 2-2, I . :!•,'.'). ;iri5. LABOPERS ignored. .Uhi/iki Clmrtn. Such were the stipulations in favorof the higher orders of the State, the barons, the clergy, the landholders, and freemen. Hut that part of the peojile who tilled the ground, who constituted in all probjibility the inajo.''ty of the nation, .seem to have been very lightly considered in this great charter of freedom. 'I'liey had but one singleclau.se in their favor, which stipulated that no villein or rustier should by any tine be be- reavid of his carts, his ))louglis, and instruments of husbandry ; in other respects they wen; con- sidered as a part of a ]M'()i)erty belonging to aii estate, and were transferable along with tin; horses, cows, and other movables, at the will of the owner. — TvTi, Kit's Hist., Hook 6, ch. 8, p. 14!». 382«. LAND, Division of. Bincjivinl. One certain cfTect of the crusades must have been great changes in territorial i)roi)erty through- out the kingdoms of Europe. Tlie nobility and barons who went on those expeditions were obliged to sell their lands to defray their charges. The lands ])asse(l into the hands of other jiropri- etors, and their formi'r masters, such of them as ever returned to their country, had expended the whole of their fortunes. 'Tliis tluctuati(m of jiroperty diininished the weight and influence of the greater barons, and weakened the aristocTat- ical spirit of the feudal system. The lands of a single lord were likewise divided among a num- ber of smaller jiroprietors, for few individuals were then opulent enough to have purchased en- tire lordships. This would nece.s.sarilv diffuse a spirit of independence, and bring men nc'arer to an efiuality of jiroperty. — Tyti.ku's Hiht., B(X)k 0, eh. 10, p. lOo. 3127. LAND, Ownership of. Eiiijlai.d. A landi'd proprietor w ho held an estate under the crown by knight service — and it was thus tliat most of the soil of England was held — had to l)ay a large fine on coming to his property. He couhl not alienate one acre without purchasing a '.icense. AVlieii he died, if his domains de.se^end- cd to an infant, the .sovereign was guardian, and was not only entitled to great jiait of the nnit.s during theniinority, hut could recinin; the ward, under heavy ix'iialties, to marry any jierson of suitable rank. The chief bait wdiicli attracted a needy .sycojihant to the court was the lio]>e of ob- taining, as the reward of servilitj- and (lattery, a royal letter to an heiress. Tlie.se abuses had per- ished with the monarchy. — Macaul.vy's Eno., ch. 2, p. 143. 312§. LAND, Unimproved. Rfifin of Charles II. The arable laud and pasture laud were not LANDS— LAN'! UAOK. 3<;!> supposed by the bent, pf)litic(il iiritlinicticiiiiis of that age to iiinouiit to imicli more lliir litill llic ■a of the kiP"(loiii. 'I'lic rcmaiiulcr \\m-< 1>i'- licvcd to consist of iiiofii', forest, and fen. 'I'liese coiuj)Mtiilionsar('stniiigly contirniiMl liy tlie road- hooks and niai)s of tlie seventeeiitli century. From tliose hooks and nnips it is clear that many routes wiiicii now pass throiitrii an ( iidh'ss s\ie- C't'ssion of orciiards, hay-lields, and lieaii-tields, thi'ii ran througli notliiiu; hut iieatii, swamp and warren. — ,M.\(aii..vy's H.N(;., cii. -i. p. ^IKt. 31'iO. LANDS, Hereditary, ilnii,t,ampridiu.s informs us, |)ermitted the lieirs of the grantees to enjoy their possessions, f)n tlic ex- press condition of their following the profession of arms, ("onstiuitine tlic Great in like manner made gifts of land to liis ])rineipal oflieers, per- IM'tual and hereditarv. — Tyti.ek's Hist., Book G, ell. 2, ]). 6"). 3130. LANGUAGE, Adaptation of. Gird- and Jioiiion. The two languages exercised at tlie same time their separate jurisdiction tliroughout tlie empire ; the former as the natural idiom of science ; the latter as the legal dialect of i)ublic transactions. Those who tinited letters with busines.s were e(iually cf)nversant with both ; and it was almost impossible, in any i)rovince, to find a Itoinan subject, of a liberal education, who w.is at once a stranger to the Greek and to the Latin language. — Giubon's Komk, ch. 2, p. 47. 3131. LANGUAGE, Contempt for. BitUle of IldntiiKjfi. When the English fall the Normans sliout. Each side taunts and deties the otlier, yet neither knoweth what the other saitli ; and the Normans say the English bark, because they un- derstand not their speech. — I)i:( isivic U.vtii.ks, § a'2T. 3132. LANGUAGE and Manners. Romaux. So sensible were the Itomans of the influence of language over national manners, that it was their most serious care to extend, with the jtrogress of their arms, the use of the Latin tongue. — tJui- ISO.NS l{o.ME, cli. 2, p. 44. 3133. . Eiirhj. Language, in the early ]ieriods of every nation, is in a very rude condition, and it is in tiiis imperfei'tioii and ap- jiarent barrenness of the language that we shall tind one cause for the lofty tone assumed by the poetry. The words are few, but they are invari- ably expressive. They are descriptive of the strongest pa.ssion.s, of the deepest feelings of the human heart — of patriotism and valor, of grief and joy, of triumph and despair, of love and hatred : of such feelings as are l<> be fotuid among every uncultiviifed people — when nature is certainly comparatively in a savage stale ; when none of those fantastic and aititicial ideas, and therefore none of tlio^e low and invipid ex- jiressions have been introduced, which invariably aeconi|),iny the proeessof luxury and relinement. In tlir' ancient languages of a rude peoiile we tind no redundancy of expletives, no unnecessiiry wonis, no unmeaiiing synonymes, because lan- guage is fdrnuMJ t(( describe what ])asses in the minds (ir before the eyes of those who use it. Even in tlieir common discourse, and still mure in their war-songs, or their solemn harangues, the speakers were actually com])elled to be ner- vous, concise, and freciuently metaphorical. The high-llowii and figurative style must have then become as much a matter of neces.siiy, owii i to the barrenness of the language, as tlie etTeet of taste or imagination. AV'heii man first found liim- .self in society, the Almighty, in the language which He created for him, did not furnish him with what was calculated to delineate the minu- ter feelings of the heart, or the more det-ailed and delicate scenery of nature, but with that broad and bolder ])encil which could descrilie those conflicting passions which then tore his mind, or those awful solitudes with which he wasthen surrounded. — Tyti. Kit's Hist., Book 4, ch. :J, p. 42G. 3131. LANGUAGE, Origin of. Kinmid J»hn- Soil, TaJkingof tlieorigin of language. Joiin- so.N : " It must have come by inspiration. A thousand — nay, a million of cliildren could not invent a language. While the organs are i)liable, there is not undi'rstandingeiiough to form a lan- guage ; liy the time that there is understanding enough, the organs are become still'. \N'e know tliiit after a certain ag(! we Ciuinot learn to pro- nounce a new language. No foreigner who comes to England when advanced in lifi; ever lironouiices English tolerably well ; at least, such instances are very rare. When I maintain that languag(! must have; C(mie b\- inspiration, I do not mean that inspiration isrecpiircd for rhetoric, and all the beauties of language; for when onc(! man has language, we can conceive that he may gradually form nioditkatioiis of it. I mean only that inspiration seems to me to be necessary to give man the faculty of si)eech ; to inform him that he may have sjx'ci'h ; which I think he could no more tind out without inspii-ation than cows or hogs would think of such a faculty." — Boswkll's Johnson, ]). 49.'). 3135. LANGUAGE, Paradisaic. l\n. Next to this care of the mother, or the female tutor, in instilling the rigid princii>le of p;rtriotic virtue, a very remarkable degree of attention a])pears to have been bestowed by the Romans in accustoming their children to correctness of lan- guage and purity of expression. Cicero informs us that the Gracchi were educated non tain iii. f/rotiio (/'Kim in scrmone iiiatn'K. And in speak- ing of Ctirio, who was one of the best orators of his time, he a(hls, that without possessing the rules of liu-- art, and without any knowledge of the laws, he had attained to eminence merely 370 LAUOHTEU-LAW. I 1/ ii ' I from till' clf^iiiio! iiiiil piirilv of lli^ iliclion. Tliis Mifciiiioii (i) the liiiiifiia^fc of i-liildii'ii uiiiy nppciir, iii llicsc iiioiicrii (l,iy-<, iiii iilisiiril iiiiil UHolfss rcrmciiU'til. Aiiioim- (he Uoiiiiins it was not flioiiLclii so. 'riicy wci'c Well uvviirc liow iiuicli till' niiiii is iiilluciiciMl liy llic earliest iiii- ])r(ssi()tis and lialiilsof infancy. Tlicy suspected, and not willionl jiisi ;;roiinils, thai liii'y \\ lio he canic familiar with I he ianiiiiaiic and expressions of liiiir slaves were likely lo he inilialed al>o in tlieir vices, and lo liecome reconciled to their ideas of servility and dependence. That tirhniiHii upon which this people so mucii prided them selves in the more advanced periods of the com- monwealth was nolhimr else than a certain man ly eleirance, which distinniiishe(l the Roman citizens from those nations whom they account- ed liarl)aroiis. — Tyti, Kit's Ilisr,, IJoo'k ((, ch, ;i, p. \'i:.\. ;ii:i7. LAUGHTER, Importance of. Ltfuriiint. Jiycurirns [ilie lawLrivci') . . . (•edicated a little statue I . the u'od of laughter in each hall, lie considered facetiousness as a seasoniiii; of the hard c.vcrcise and diet, and therefore ordi'fed it to laki' place on all proper occasions, in their conunoii entci'taiiunenls and i)arties of ])leasure. — I'l,lT.VI{( IIS LVCI IKWS, 3 1 ;|«. LAW, Above. Junuxll. Itwas(h'ter- mined that the nuncio should tro lo court in .solemn proces-iinn. Some persons on wiiose (ihedieiice the kiiiic had counted showed, on this occasion, for the first lime, siu'iis of u iiiiilinous spirit. Anionic these the most conspicaious was tile second temporal peer of the realm, Charles Seymour, commonly callccl the proud Duke of Somersel. lie was, in truth, amiiniii whom the jiride of liirlli and rank aniounted almost to a dis- ease, .. . .Some meiiiliers of his f.imily iinplon.'d liiiii not to draw on himself the royal (lis|)leasi.re, •nit their entreaties jiroducod no elTcct. 'i'hu kiiiT liimself e.\|)ostiilated. "I thouu:lit, my Kird,' .said he. ■■that I was doin^r you a ijn'al lionor in ai^iiointinn' you to escort the minisierof the first of all crowned heads." " .Sir," said the duke, '■ I am advised tiiat 1 cannot obey your iSIajesty without breakiiii,'' the law." ■' 1 will make you fear me as well as the law," answered the kiiiu'. insoleiilly. " Do you not know that I (im nhove the law ':" " Your Ma,jesty inav he iihove the law." re|)li('d .Somerset, ■•hut f am not ; and while I ohey the law I fear notliim;'. " The kiiii;- turned away in hii^li displeasure, and Somerset w.is instantly dismissed from liis posts in the household and in the army. [.James soon after was a fuiritive and an e.xile.] — ]M.vt'.VL'i,.\Y's Eno.. ch. S, ]). -.J.-)!). 3i:i». LAW, Delay of the. Jflni ILimpdni. [In Ki:}!) '■ .loliii Hampden. I'>s(|.," refused to pay an illeiral tax of iJl.s. i'xl. " There were six weeks of solemn ])leadinLr in the Exche(iuer ('liamher before all the jiid,L-es— the ij;reatesl cause that ever was tried in Westminster Hall — followed by many months of judicial deliberation, before the kinir's v\\x\\\ to enforce the tax of ship-money was udjudiicd to he lawful. llamiKleii refused to pay 2U.'«. assessed upon Iiis lands. The formal pleadinirs upon the writ occu])ied five months l)efore the (piestion came to he argued. The speeches of the crown lawyers and of Hamp- (len'.s counsel occupy one hundred and seventeen pages iu Kusliworth's fulio volume. After these protracted arLCuments before the jud>;es, three terms were oecupi<'d by them in >,nviiij; their opinions They were not iiitreed in tlieir jud^j- meiil. It was tiiiallv decided that the lax was lawful.] — KNKiirr's'lvsd., vol. ;i, ch. -iW, p. Vi'i. :tl'IO. LAW, Ignorance of. lionnniM^ It wa.s reckoned dishonorable for any persoi nf the pa- Iriciaii rank not to have thoroughly .studied tlie laws and the constitiilion of his coiinlry. In one of the laws of the Koniaii ])andecls an anecdote is recorded of Sulpitius, a gentleman of tli(^ pa- trician order, who had occasion 'o resort for ad- ' \ice to C^uinlus Mucins Scievola, liieii the ino.st eminenl lawver in Home. — Tyti, Kit's Hist., Mook i, ch. ;i, ]). 4•^^. I 3111. LAW levels all. Kinpi ror Jiilinn. Dur- ing Ihe games of llw circus he had, imprudent- ly or designedly, iierformed llie manumission 1 of a slave in the presence of the consul. The ; moment he was reiniiided that li<' had lres])a.s,sed on the jurisdiction of inmlhir iiiagislrale, he con- demned himself to pay a line of leii pounds of gold ; and cinliraced this public occasion of dt;- claring to Ihe world that he was subject, like the rest of his fellow-citizens, to tlii! laws, and i even lo Ihe forms, of the republic, — Uidhon's Uo.MK, ch. 'i-i. p. 40:?. 'AlVi. LAW, Majesty of. Pnihrtinn. The poor- est man in his collage may bid detiance to all the forces of Ihe (•rowii. It may be frail ; its roof may shake ; tlie storm may enter it ; hut the King of England ciinnot enter it. All his pow- er dares not cross the threshold of that ruined tenement. [Speech of ('liatham.j — Kniomt's E.NO., vol. 1, ch. \-i, p. 10(5. !tl'i:i. LAW, Mockery of. ItonmnK. The gov- crniu's of the provinces being chosen from those who have been consuls or pra'tors, were neces- sarily members of the Senate. I'eeulalion and extortion in these high functions were otTences in the theory of gravest kind; but the olTeiid- cr could only be tried befori! a limited number of his |)eers. and a governor wlio had plundered a subject State, .sold justice, pillaged temples, and stolen all that he could lay hands on, was safe from punishment if he returned to Rome a millionaire and would admit others to a share in his spoils. The provincials might .send deputa- tions to complain, but these complaints came before men who had themselves governed prov- inces or else aspired to govern them. It had been proved in too many instances that the law which professed to prot(!ct them was a aiere mockery — ^''uoidk's t'.Ks.vu, ch. JJ. SIM. LAW, Novice in. Piitrirk Heni-y. He married at eighteen ; attenii)le(l trade ; toiled .successfully as a fanner; then with buoyant mind resolved on becoming a lawyer ; and an- swering (luestions successfully by "the aid of .six weeks' study of Coke upon Littleton and the stat- utes of Virginia, he gained a license as a barris- ter. For three years the novice dwelt under tin; roof of his father-in-law, an innkeeper, , . . ig- norant of the .science of l;iw, and slowly learning its forms. — Banc itoKT's V . S., vol. .'), ch. 9. i^. 31 17. LAW, Sacredness of. S>rriit)'n. lie was .sentenced, after an imprisonment of thirty days, tculrink the juice of hemlock. That lime he spent as hecame the hero and the ])liiloso])her. His friends had ]ire|)ared the means of iiis I'scape, and earnestly endeavored to persuade him to at- tempt, it ; hut he convinced them that. it. is a crime to violate the law, even where its sen teiice is unjust. — TvTMMj'rt Hist., Hook 2, eh. '2. p. ir)(i. :tl'|H. LAW, Supremacy of . AV(V,«(07/. [Charles H., in l<)7;i, in detiaiice of law, made the " Dec- laration of Indulu'ence."] ]Mr. Alderman ],ove, one of the memhers [of Parliament] for the ( ity of London, opposed the declaration. A inemher said to him, " Why, Mr. Love, you area Dissent- er yourself; it is very uiif^rafeful that you who receive thehenelit should ohject a,u;ainsl"th(! man- ner." llere])lied ; " I amu Dis.senter, and tliere- hy uidiappily ohnoxious to the law. The law ai^ainst the Dissee.ters I slioidd he triad to see n;- l)eal"d hy the same authority that made it ; hut while it is a law the kinj^ cannot n.'iieal it hy proc- lamation ; and I had much rather see IIk; Dis- senters sufTer from the riiror of the law, though 1 sutler with them, than see all the laws of Eng- land trami)le(l undertlu; foot of tlu; iirerogative, as in this example." — Knioht's E.vu., vol. 4, ch. 1!>, \^. ;{',>(). :tl l)>. LAW suspended, R'>n>f. It had long heen the rule at Uome that no oHicer of justice or fhiance could enter the dwelling iidiahited hy the minister who represented a ('atholic State. In process of time, not ordv the dwelling, hut a large precinct round it, was held inviolalile. . . . At length hidf the city consisted of ])rivileged districts, within which the papal government iiad no more power than within the Ijouvre or tlu; Escuri;il. Every asylum was thronged with con- trah.md traders, fraudulent hankrupts, thieves, and assassins. In every asylum were colleetecl magazines of stolen or smuggled goods. From every asylum rutlians sallied forth nightly to plunder and stiih. In no town of Christendom, consequently, was law so impotent and wicked- nes.M HO audacious as in the luielent capital of re- ligion and civili/.ation. On thissuhject Innocent felt as hecamea i)riest and a prince. He declared that he would receive no and)a.ssa(lor who in- sisted on a right so destructive of order and mo- rality. - .Macai i.av's E.No., ch. !t, p. Kr,*. IllSO. LAW, Teohnicallties of the. Pih/rim h'litliirx. I Long sought a patent ot thi' London Company for a home in the American wilder- ness.) At last, in KHit, its meiidiers, in their open court, writes on<' of the I'ilgilnis, " demanded our ends of going ; which heing related, they said the thing was of Ood, and granted a large pat- ent." lieing taken in the name of one who failed to accom|iany the ex]ie(lition, the patent was never of the least ser\ice. — Ma.N( noi'Ts l' S., vol. 1, ch. H. :tl5l. LAW, Unprotected by. /{n'f/ii nf J,niie» If. I Protestantism had heen suppressed and Ca- tholicism ]iromote(l in Ireland.] Those who had lately heen the lords of the island now cried out, in the hitterness of their souls, that they had he- come a prey iinil. Tar(piin'.us .'^u|)erl)us had trampled on all the con- stitutional restraints i\m] on all the regidatioiLS of the i»rece(ling sovereigns. He h;id n< v^ as- sendiled the senate, nor called together ' (!>• peo- ple in the Coniitid. He is e\cn said ro have de- stroyed or hroken the taolets on which the laws were written, in order to elVace all rememhrancu of them. It was necessary, therefore, after his ex- ]iulsion, that new tahlels should l)e framed. — Tvti.kk's Hist., Hook 3, ch. ;5, p. 309. 315 1. LAWS disregarded. Anwrintii Colon iin. [Th(^ Importation Act of Parliiunent was jiassed in 17:53.1 ExorhitanI duties were laid on all the sugar, molasses, and rum iinporte^l into the col- onies. At first the ])ayment of these unreasonahle customs was evaded hy ihe merchants, .and then the statute was openly set at naught, m 1750 it was futher enacted that iron-works should not he erected in America. The manufacture of steel wa.s specially forhiddeii, and the felling of pines ^^s^ 37' I, A us. ». ''' i (us( till I'ur Kriirlisli ship niiists) diitsidc \ Ids cjii- Zclis liy irritti n hlim, irliirh in iill n kihi'Im n si iiihlnl n/iidtr.s' inhx, (iiiil iroiili/, liky tlain, milji niliiiKjIi iliid huh) thr piior mill inii/,\ irliili' tin' rlrli iiiiil jHiiri rj'iil iiisilfi li''iik(' thrii\i(ili tlmn. To lliis So- lon replied : " .Men keep llieir iiureeineiil.s when il is .'111 iidviinliiire to liolh piii'lies not to hrenk them;" and he would so frame his laws as to make it .'\ ident to tlie Atlieiiiaiis that it would lie more for their inlei'est to ohserve than to trans- gress them. — I'l.riAKcn's Solon. « 1 5«. LAWS, Obsolete. Kufuvcl. Henry VII. enforced olisolete laws, ill order toolitain nionev from the wealthy London merchants, in which false witnesses, called promoters, ncre systemati- callv einplovcd. — Knkiiit'h Eno., vol. ij, ch. IT), J). i\\. ;il57. LAWS, First printed, HihjIiukI. [In 1-1S4, 1 for the lirst time, tin; laws to hi' oheved liy the Knglish )ieople arc enacted in the l-jiirlisli tongue. Mut hcyoiid this, they are the first laws in our land which were ever ])rinled. — Knioiit's K.\(i., vol. •,>, ell. l',», p. •,>(Kl. !tl5§. LAWS, Proposal of. Atln ninns. It wan ft singular iicculiarily of the constitution of Athens, and, as Plutarcii informs us, likewise of Thelics, that after a law was voted and passed in the assemlily of thr peojilc, the proposer of the law ini_,lit ha\'e t)cen oiiited. which for almost all oll'eiices were c,Mi)ital ; even those that were convicted of idleness were to suffer death, and such as stole i r>nly a few a])plesor potherbs were to be ])uiiish- cd in the same inaniicr as saci'ilciiious ])crsons and murderers. Hence a sayiiin- of Demades, who lived lonir after, was much admired, that Draco wrote his laws not with ink, but with blood. And he himself being asked why he made death the i)uiiisliinciit for most oireiices, answered, ' Small ones deserve it, and I can find no i.M'eat- er for the most heinous." — Pijt.vkcii's Soi.u.n. 3B<(0. P^;i)ljitiiin. The ]ienal laws of H.L^ypt were remarkably severe. Whoever had it in his power to save the life of u citizen and neglected that duty, was punished as hi.s murder- er -ii law which we must presume admitted of much limit.'itioii, neeording to circumstances. It appears to have been from the sniie nioii\c u\ preserving the lives of the eiti/ens, that if a per son was found murdered, the city wiihiii whose liouiids the murder had been eommitled \\,is obliiicd to enibalm the body in the mo»l eu^lly manner, and be-tow on il the most sumptuniis funeral, i'crjiiry was justly held a capital crime ; for there is no otfem c prodiictixc of iimre perni- cious conscipicnces to sneiety. ( 'aluiiininli irs were condeiniied to the same iiunishmeni \\ hicli the calumniated person either had or mi ^ lit have siilfercd, had the calumny been belic\ed. The citizen who was so base as to disclose the secrets of the State to its enemies was punished li\- the cutting out of his tongue ; and the forger of pub- lic instruments or private deeds, t he counterfeit er of the current coin, and the user of false weights and measures, were condemiicd to have both their hands cut off. Tlie laws for the ))reseivation of the chastity of women weie extremelv rigid : emasculation was the imnishment of him who violated a free woman, and burning to death was the punishnient of an iididterer. — Tvii.i;i{'s Hist., I5ook 1, his mouth, observed, with much satisfaction, that the viper could no longer hiss. — Giuuon's lloMK, cli. 33. p. 399. 3168. LAWYERS imprisoned. For Deceit. [The statute of 1375] provided that no sergeant or pleader slioukl use deceit to beguile the court, under pain of inipri onment. — K muii i s IIm... vol. 1, ch. •.'.■). p. :!.s,"). 3I6». LAWYERS, Patriotic. .V-"- )-/•/ ad, 17, ch. 111. 3irO. LAWYERS, Special. I{n)/i, nf .' nnrs 1 1. Sa\v\cr had been siilVeicd to retain his siiiiaiie and tiie ecclesiastical councils.— 'I'yti.ek'h Hist., Hook (5. ch. 4, p. 9."). 3ira. LEADER, Matchless, Ifiiin/ ClrMe. -Ul.MNi;'^ 'I'WKMV VkaIIH 111.' ('liN()HI>S, vol. I, i>. KIH, :i I r:i. LEADER, Noble. John Wnil/m./,. In (lie \eiii' |(l:t() iiliiiilt llil'i'i' liilliilreil iil' llie lievi I'lll'lliin raillilles ill till' kiiiuiliini ealiie Id New Kiij.''ImiiiI. Nnl iiiheiiliirei'-*, iml vnpilioiidH, were lllese linive peiipii', liiil virlilniis, well cilu Cllleil. cnlirilireiillHlilell fUliI Wiillleil, wliii fiireiili Hlii'liee' siike lel'l eiiliil'iilttlllle liiirile-^, W Itli nil ev |)eeliilinn iil' I'el urllinL^ It WHS mil llie leiisl ol' llieir ;{(iiii| rnrlillli' In elmuse a imlile leailer. Il ever It lllilll wan worlliy In lie lli'lil III |ier|ielllal reiiieiiiliraiire. Ilia! niaii Was Jiiliii \V iiilliri >|i, (iiiveriKir 1)1' .Masxaeliiisells. Miirn a ruyalisl. lie cliei'islieil llie |iriiii'i|i|es III' ri'|iiilili('aiiisni. iiiiii sell' an I':|iiseii|ialliiii. lie ilicse nlllletioii Willi the I'lirilaiis. Siirnninileil with allliieiKe ihkI eninrnrl, lie lel'l all to sliai'e l!ie ilesliny nf llii' |iel'seeiiteil l'ili;riliis. < 'aim, iMUilenI, and iieaee alile, lie jiiiiieil llie /eal of an enllillsiast willi tiiesiililiine I'ailli nl'a iniiil\ r.~-l{ii)i'.\ tii'h {' . S., eh. l;!. p. \'M. :»ir I. LEADER, Uni.atural. //--/,/. 'I'lie tail, it seem.s, one ilay i|iiaiielleil with the head, and instead of lieiii;; I'oieed always to I'ollow, in Kisleil thai il should lead in lis luvii. Accord in^fly, the tail undertook llie eharue, niid as il moved I'orward al all advenliires, ji toreilsell' ii. a terrilile manner ; and the head, wliieli was thus olilined, auaiiist, nature, to follow a ;iuide thai eould neither see nor hear, siillered likewise ill iis turn. — i'l.i r.MK ii. :»I75. LEADERS, Change of. Ii-ii,un,^. Mv the lUlhol'lhenionlh |.luly, lWil| the w hole Con I'el- erali' army had relired w ithin the del'eiieesot' At Inula. This si roll j^liold of I he ( on federal 'V was a I. once liesien'cd. Men' were; the ;ii'i'al niaehine- sliops, foundries, ear-works, and depots of sup- ]ili('S, uiioii the |)ossession ot which so much dc pi'iided. Al the very lic^iniiin|idf the sieiic the cautious and skilful (}eneral .lolinston was super- seded liy the r.'isli hut darinir (Jeneral.l. H. Hood, h wastlie iiolicy of Ihc hitler to Ii;;lit .'it whatever liazard. On the lidtli, t»2d, and L'Sih of .Fidy he made threcdespcrati! assaults on llii! I'nion lines around Atlanta, hut was repulsed with dreadful losses in each en,i;a,i;eiiieiil. In the three (tontlicts the Conlederatcs lost, more men than .lolinston had lost in all his masterly relrealiiii; and ti^dit- ing liclwecn Clialtanooii-.'i and Allanla. For more than ii monlli the siei>'e was iu'esscd with great viiz:oi'. At lust, liy an incautious move- nienl, Hood separated his army; Shi'rnian thrust a column helweeii the two divisions ; and the imiiiediale evacuation of Atlanta followed. On tlie'~dof Septemher the I'liion army marched into the cai)liired city. Since leuvinir Chatta- nooga General Sherman liad lost fully :50,0()() men ; and tlio Confederale losses wen^ even greater. . . . [On the l.")th of Decemher General Ilood was defeated at Nashville. |. . . The Con- federale army was ruined, and the rash general who had led it to destruction was relieved of his command. — Uioi-atii's V. S.,cli. GO, p. 520. .1170. LEADERSHIP, Omen of. 7'ar(/>iin. Tar- quin, during some of his wjirs, had vowed to erect a temple to .lupiter, .Juno, and .Minerva ; Imt he lived only to see the work begun. Inilig- ging for tlie foundation of this structure, on (he lop of the Tarpcian Hill, the >kull of a man wim found a very ordlniiry occurrence, Inil wlihli llicaugnr-* declared to lie u presage thai Uoliir was one day to I: 'come the head, or mistress, of the iini\erse. The new t> tuple wtis Iroiii tills ilicidelil called ('iiiiitnliuiii. — Tvil. Kit's Hlsf,, Mook :i, ch •.', p. •Jtiii. .'Iirr. LEARNING (Uihonored. ./.'//,. v // IH,. proposed one .\lillioiiy l''iiinier to he I'resiilelll of .Nhigdaleil College -llie wetlllhiest in Kllg land. I This man's IM'i' had lieeii one series of shainelill ads. He had lieeii a inemher of llie I ni\ersity of ('aiiilirldge, and had escaped e.\ pulsion oiih' liy ti linieh retreat. He had then joined the I )isseltteis. Then he had none to 0.\- foi'il, litiil enlei'eil liiniself at .Magdalen, and had soon liecoine iiotoi'ioiis there for every kind of vice. Ilegelierallv reeled into his colleue al night speechless with lliiilor. He Wiis celelir.iled for liavinu' hetided a (lisgracefiil riot at .\liiiigilon. He had lieeii a consitinl fieipieiiter of noted haunts of lilierlliies. At length he had turned pander, had cMieded even the ordiliiiiy \ ilelies.s of his vile calling, and had received nioiiev from dissolute young geiillemim commoners tor ser- vices such as it is not good that history shoiilil record. This wretch, however, had |irelended to I urn papist. His apostasy iitoiud tor all his viccf ; .'tlld, thou :ll slid It youth, he Wiis selected to nil(! a grtive and religious Miciely in vv liii h the scan- dal given liv his dcprtivily was still fresh. — .M.\- (■Ari..\Y's IIno., eh. w, p. :.'itiliiiiK. |Tlie I'urilans were not distinguished for any capri- cious dislike of music, after the rtinlings of Sluhhesand I'ryime, nor of secular knowledge.) No man wiis more eager llitiii Cromwell himself to protect learningiind learned men. Hesoughl out scholars for puhlic em]iloynieiils. . . , His house was as reniarkalile for its retined amiise- nieiits as its (le<'orou.H piety. The love of iinisio wtis with him almost ti passion, as it wa.s with Milton. — Knuiiit's Knu., vol. •), ch. 11, p. \7-\. :il70. LEARNING honored. r'ultir letirning, from which Kdmund found it hard to wean him- self. At liist, in some hour of dream, the form of his dead mother tioatcd into the room, where the teacher stood among his matheinaliciil dia- giiims. " What tire these V ' she .seemed to .say ; and, .sei/ing Edmund's right hand, she drew on the pidm (lirei! circles inlerlticed, each of which hore (he name of a jierson of the Christian Trin ity. " Be these," she cried, as the tigure faded awiiy, "thy ditigrams henceforth, my son." — ihsT. OK J'J.Nd. Vv.OVi.K, ^ l(i4. 31*1. LEARNING, Superficial. Sam >id John- son. He defended liis remark ujjon the general i,i:AUNiN(j-i,K(asi,Ari(»N, .ITft Ivl- -11 Oll- of iry, 111!', iiii- II III (•r(! lia- •y; oil ich I'in- Icd insiiDIi Icni'v III' I'lliii iiiImii In Scolliiiiil, atul ciui tliiiicd Id nil' lliiiinlliiiillrlly of lijx willy xnyin;; on III)' IriiniitiL; nl' Ihr Sroii'li ; "'t'lii'lr li'iirniiiu; Is llkr lii'ciiil Inn Im'h|('P'i| low p : i".t'i'y rniiiivi'l' II Hull', liiii no niitn ^I'Hii full meal." " 'I'lu'ri' \>." Hiiiil III', " In Scollanil a illlfiiNlon of Iranilni:. a ccrlain |iiirliiin of li wlilrly ami lliinlv .Hpri'iiil. A inrnlianl liiisas iniiili li'iiriiin^r as oncof llirlr I Irr^v." -IIdMW |;|.I.'m .lollNMON, |». 'jril. :il»»'*. LEARNING, Wide. Siwu.l .lohi,m,„. 'riir Iwo years wliicli lir sjiriil at lionir. aftiT lilx iclnni I'ldin SloiiilniilKi', lie iiassi il In wlial Iw llioil'.Mll iilli'llrss, anil was srolilnl liy Ills fallirr fill' Ills want of sli'iiiiy ii|i|illi'alion. Mr iiiIkIiI. |>i'i' haps, liavi' sliiilicil niorr assjiliioiisly ; Imi || imiy III' iliMilili'il wlii'llii'i' sui'li a initiil as his wa:'. imt niiii'r riii'lchi'il liy I'liainin^ iil lai';i:i' in Ihr IIi'Mh of iili'i'aliirr llian If il hail I' 'cii ronllni'il lo any siriirli' spill, 'i'lir iiniiliiiry lirlwi m limly anil niiiiil is vi'i'y ^r,. II,. Ill), 1111,1 t||,< piiralli I will liolil as lu ilirii' fooil, lis wril as any oiliiT parllinlar. 'I'Ih' llr-h of aiiiinals who fiiil , vrnrsivcly isallowi'il to liavr a liiirhi'i' llavor llian lliiil of tliosr w ho arr coiipcil lip. May Ihcrc no! lie iJm' sainr illlTii'- I'liiT lu'lwccn iiii'ii who ri'iiil ii^ Ihrir la.'-lr pt'oinpls, anil nicii who ai'c coiillni'd in ci'lls ami rolli'^rcs to siatcil tasks '.' — iU)s\vi';i,i,'H .Ioii.nhon, II. 10. !| I H'.l. LEGACIES, Christian. Ixiiijn of i •«„M,i i, Will. Ki^jht yi'iu's afti'i' Ihr I'dirl of Milan, Con slanllm' ^.tiiiiIi'iI to all his siilijrits llir friT and uiiivi'i'sal piTiiiission of lirqiii'iithinn' llirir foil iiiii's to till' Holy Calliolir Orrrli; and tlirir di'Viiiil lilii'i'iilily, wliii'h diiiinir tlirir lives was rliccki'd liy lii.xiiry oravarici', llowi'd wllhiii)ri)- fiisi' slri'iini 111 till' hour of llii'ir di'iilli. i'lic wi'iiltliy ('hristiiins wrri' t'liroiira^rrd liy llii' i'\ anipli' of I'li'ir sovi'ri'iiin. An alisoliili' inoniui'h, who is rich williont put 'Miuiny, may hr I'haiilii- Ml' without nirrit ; a.'i ('onsianliiii' loo ci, ^iIy lii'licvi'd that lie shiiind pu.'chasi' Il r favor of lli'iivi'ii if hi' inaiiitaiiii'd llii' iilli' v.\ the I'.vpcnsi' of the iiidustrions, and ilisirilnili'd iinioii<;- Ihc saints till' wealth of Ihi' i't'[)iil)lii'. — (iiitiiu.N's ito.MK, I'll. ^'0, p. 'iHTt. ill Ml. LEGACIES, Eagerness for. Itiniinii*. A.I). 40K. 'i'hi' pi'os|)('(l of uain will ur,i;i' a riili and ^^iiuly si'iiator as far as .ipoli'to ; every scii- liineiit of arroi^'anee and dijrnily is siihdued hy the hopes of an inheritance, or even of a Icpicy ; and a wenlthv childless citi/.eii is the most |)ow- crful of the Uoinans. The art of oliiainiiifj; the sii;natiirciif afavorahle test anient, and sometimes of hiustcnini:; the nioinenl of its execiilioii is per- fectly iinderslood ; and it has hiippeiied that in the same lionse, tliinii;li in dilTereiit ajiiirtmcnls, a hiishand and a wife, with the liuidalilc desiirii of ovcrrcachin.ii: cadi other, have simimoiied their respeetive lawyers to declare, at Ihc .same time, their mutiial iiiit contradiclory iiitcniioiis. — (Jiiiiti)N's UoMi:, eh. ;il, p. 'i'^S). 3IM5. LEGACIES, Enriched by. Cii-i ro. While so many unjust and c.\traviii;aiit wills were every daydiclatcil hy (•unninL;;aiid subscribed by folly, il few were the result of national esteem and virtuous gratitude. Cicero, who had so often de- fended the lives mid fortunes of his fellow-citi- zeus, was rewarded with leijacies to the lunount of il hundred iiiid seventy thousand jiounds; nor do the friends of the younger Pliny seem ty lllive belli less vcM'rolIN to llial amiable orator. - OiiiiKiN s Uo\ii:, I h (1, p mil :il*»4l. LEGISLATION, Complicated. /.".v- I '/nil/." When the bill to ai'''.iil .Missoiul as n Slate was llnall\ , in .lanuary of iM-.'ii, lii(iuu;iit before ('oii^ncsM, the iiieasure was opposed by those who had desired the cMlie-ioii of shivery hut III that linie the ti:'\\ fl'i e Stale of .Maine \MlH iiskinu' for ailmission inio the rnion ; and lliosn who favored slavery in Missouri iletermined to exclude .Maine unless .Missouri should also bo iidiiiiltcd. .\fii r another ani^rv di'batc, which lasted till the llllliof {''ebruaiy. the bill couplin;; the two new Slates toj;i'thei' w iis m I uall\ Jiasscd. - Uii.rAriis I S . ill .VJ, p, I'.'l :ilt«»». LEGISLATION, Corruption of. !/«//(- Il, m III' I' II II, lull 1,1. I In Kill Ihc " indigent eoiir- tiers' In the House of Commons Wile thus de- scribed by i.iii'd Shiiflesliury as supposed : ] 'i'licir Vole are piibliclv saleable for a guinea and ii diiincl' cMiy day 111 'he week, unless the jjousi) be upon money, or a ininisierof State , for that is their harvesi ; and linn llicy iiiiikc their earn- in vs suit I he work they are about, w liii h incli'ie.'t till III most eoiisianlly as sure clients to the court, 'i'lie only lliiiin' thai we arc obliued lo them for is, that they do nulliin^ gratis, but make every lax as well cliari;eiible lo Ihc court as biirdeii- siiiiie lo till' country, and save no m.'in's neck but thev break his purse. — Kmoiii's I'.no., vol. \, eh. ■','(», II. '.Vl\. ;»l MM. LEGISLATION, Fanatical. " lliiiihi.iiin' /'iirliiiiiii III " \i\ ( roMiw ell, llius liceoliie abso- lute niasier of the wliole power, ci\ il and mili- larv, of till' three kiniriloins, lhoii>;ht il necessary to leave Hie nation some shadow, some iihaiiloni of libcrt)-. .'I was proper that there should lie the appearanee of a pai'liamcnl ; and he therc- foie, liy the III I vi'c of his council of oMieers, siiin- inoiied one hunoi'd and twee , ciiilil persoiiH troni the ditVereiit towns and couiilies of Kiii;- laiid live from Scillanil and six fro ,i Ireland — to assemble at Westminsier, willi power to exer- cise lc;iislative authority for lit .,ii nionths. 'i'licse. who Were chietlya set of low fanatical mechanics, Aiiiibii|itisls, and Ini.i'peiidcnts, \\i re in scoiii denominated !iy the people imreboncs' I'arliamciil, from the name of one of their most violent and active membei's, I'raiscirod Uare- boiies, il leather seller. '{"his ass'inbly. whoso shameful iiiiioraiice, nieaiiiicss, and absui'dily of conilui'l rendered llieni useless and coi;tcin|itiblo both to Cromwell and the nation, \olunlai'ily dissohed lliemselves by it \ole after a session of five inonllis. — 'I'vi i.iin's llisr., Hook li, eh. liD, i:. 414. JIlMft. LEGISLATION by Packing. Olinr Vnnn- irrll. Amid these successes abroad the Protcc- lor found his .situation at, home extremely un- casj-. His |)arliami'iits were refractory, and he was obliiicd lo have recourse to the violent metliod of cxcludiii.L;-, bv a iruard at llic door, such of the inembcrs as lie knew to be disalVect- cd loliiin. At leiiirlli, by usin^' e\ei'y art to in- tlueiice the elections and to lill the house with his sure friends, he .uot oiii' parlianient so per- fectly to his mind that a vote was ]iro|iosed and jiassed for investing Hie Protector with the di,"' nity of kiiKj. and a eommittee was aiipointed to confer witli liiiu on that subject, and overeoino any seruplcs wliicli lie uiiglil have on tliiit seore. 3r6 LEGISLATION— LEVITY. i But troinweil's scruples wlto not violent ; he hiid ixher objections iliaii what, procci'deil from his own iucliniili(>ns. He dreadeil the resent- ii'cnt of the ariuv. — Tvtleu's Hist., ]5ook (i, eh. [iD, p. 41.-). :II90. LEGISLATION ridiculed. nri/M Pi;,- hUntioit. j .Manul'actiM'i.'s were t'orljiddt a in the coloides. Men said :] " C'atcldntj a mouse within his Majtsty's cilonies with ;i traj) ol' our own making will he de med, in thu ministerial cant, (in inl'amous, atrocious, and nefarious crime." — IJ.V.NCHOFTS U. ti. , vol. T), eh. 11. 3MJ>1. LEuISLATION, Special. Einpevor Ju,s- tiniitii. [That ho mi;j;ht marry a prostitute,] a law was promulgated in the niiiiu; of the Em- peror Justin, which aljoiished the riuiil iiuis])ru- .k'uce of antitjuity. A yli.rious rci)enlauco (the words of the edict) wis left open for the uidiapin- females \> h > liad prostitutetl their persons on the theatre, and they were perim'.ted to contract a leyal uinou with the most illustrious of the Ro- mans. Thisiiiduli^eiice was s])eedily followed hy the holemn nuptials of Justinian and Theodora ; her dignity was graduall}' e.\altcd with that of her lover. — Giuitox's Romi:, ch. 40, j). ;j3. 3198. LEGISLATION, Strange. Andrew Jack- son. In ITOG he was elected to the Hou-^e (jf Representatives from tlie new State of Tennessee. Here his turbulent and wilful disposition mani- fested itself in full force. During the ne.\t year he was pronKjted to the Senate, wliere he remain- ed a year, trit/ioiit iiidkiiiij a spwrh or aintiiiij roposed to himself. From JIarch, 10:2!), io April, lo4(), the houses were vr\ convoked. Never in our history liad there been an iiUerval of 'deven years be- tween Parliameiil and Parliament. Oidy once liad there been an interval of even half that length. — Macavl.w'.s l-lsv,., ch. 1, p. 81. 319-1. LEGISLATION unintelligent. Stamp Act. [Of the Stamp Act, which occasioned the Revjlutiouary War,] Walpole says : "This fa- mous bill, little undersood here at that time, was less attended to." [Knight .says there was] only a feeble debate and one division. It was jia.s.sed in the House of liords without a de- bate ordivision. — Kxicsht's Eng., vol. C, ch. 17, p. 21-2. 3195. LETTER, Decoy. Washington. Wash- ington had written a letter to . . . Lafayette, then in Virginia, which he caused to be inter- cepted. \i\ the letter he remarked that he was pleased with the i)robability that Earl Cornwal- lis would fortify either Portsmouth or Old Point Comfort, for icero he to fx upon Yorktown, from its great capabilities of defence, he might remain there snugly aiiduidiarined, tmtil a supe- rior British fleet woidd relieve him Avith st''ong re-enforcements or embark him altogether. This fated letter quieted the apprehensions of the British commander-iu-chief.— Custi3'Wai?iii:no- Tox, vol, 1, ch. 6. 3i9«. LETTER from Heaven. Tlie Popc'ii. !Th(! i)opc aided his usurpation of the crown.] Vpin prepared to discharge his obligations to the see of Uoine, of which he was reminded l)y a most e.xtraordiui rv Uld rfroni lieavcn. written by pope Stephen HI., the succes.sor of Zachary, ill ihrcliii racier of St. J'ller . Irged by this invo- <(iiion, he pa.ssed the Ali)s, iind compelled the Kill" of the Lombards to cviicuatt- the greatei part of his territories. His con(iucsts ])ut him in posscssi(,n of a great i)art of Italv. — Tvri.Eii'h Hi.vr , Book 0, di. :.'. p. (J(i. 3197. LETTERS, Civilization by. Germans. The Germans in the i'.g<' of TacitUH were unuc- (luainted with the use of letters ; and the use of liii"rs is the i)rincipal circumstaiu'c thai distin- guishes a civilized people from a herd of savages, iiicaiiabie of knowledge or retlec'ion. Without an artificial hell) the memory soon dissi]mtes of corrupts the ideas intrustetrto her charge ; and the iioliler facidties of the mind, no longer .suj)' jilied with models or with materials, gradmdly forget their jiowcrs ; the judgment becomes feeble and lethargic, the imagination languid or irreg- ular. — Gimi()N"8 Ro.MK, ch. 9, ]). '2ol. 3198. LETTERS, Mystery of. Captain Johr, Sntitli. [When a jirisoner in the hands of the India'is] he managed to write a letter to his countrymen, telling them (d' his cajjtivity and their jieril |from attack], asking certain articles, and re(|uesting that those bearing the note should be thoroughly frightened before their re- turn. This letter, which seemed to liave such niystnloc power of carrying intelligence to a distance . not lost on th(! Indians, who dread- ed the A\ "r more than ever. When the war- riors bearing the epistle arrived at Jamestown and found everything jtrecisely as Smith had said, their terror and amazement knew no bomid?- . all thought of attac'king the settlement waa givea up. — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 9, p. 100. 3199. LEVITY, Characteristic. French. Tho pa.^sioi) for religious Avarfare was not yet extin- guished \n Europe ; a new expedition was fitted out in the ;ear 1203, under Baldwin [I.], Count of Flanders, consisting of about 40,000 men. The ()'>iect of this crusade Ava.s different from all the rest, and its leaders, imder tiie cloak of a holy war, proi)osed, instead of extirpating the intidels, to dethrone the Emperor of Constanti- nople. . . . Baldwin and his army . . . laid siego to Constantinople ; iie took it almost T.dthout re- sistance. The cru.sad(/rs put all that ojjposed them to the sword ; and it is remarked, as strong- ly characteristic of a spirit of national levity, that the French, iinmediately after a scene of massacre and pillage, celebrated a splendid ball, and danced with the ladies of Constantinople, iu the .sanctuary of the church of St. Sophi'\. Thu j Constantin()i)le Avas taken for the first time, sack- ed, and plundered by the Christians. — Tytleu'b Hist., Book 6, ch. 9, p. 161. 3200. LEVITY contrasted. French. A civil Avar Avas kindled in Paris, of Avhich the object Avas the removal of the Cardinal Mazarin. The fortune and the poAver of this minister naturally excited envy, and gaA'c rise to cabals to pull him doAvn ; and the maladministration of the finances, the distresses of the State, and the oppression of the people, by a variety of new taxes, Avere suf- ficient to render these discontents universal. The _J -^ LEWDNESS— LIBERTIES. 3:r I'urliiinictit, whic^h saw edicts i)ionomicoil for taxes, williout beiii)?, as usual, continued l)y theui, expressed au open and violent ilisapi>rol)a- tiou of M.i/.ai'iu's nieiisures. . . . 'i'lu- gay liu- luor of tlie Freneli, that spirit of levity whicli turns excrytiiiML,' into ridicule, was never more conspicuous than in this nar — a strong contrast to the temper that characteri/cd those civil com- motions, whicli almost, at this very time, had drowned Eui'land in blood. The grievances of the English ])rom])ted to a .serious, a gloomy, and a desperate I'csistance, ■which emliroiied tlii! whole nation, anil ended in the destruction of the constitution. Tin' grievances of the French kindleil the civil war of the Fronde, hut afford- ed to this volatil(! people nothing more than the occasion of an agreeable (confusion, and a tit suh- _iect for lampoons and ballads. The I'arisians marched out to attack tin; royal army adorned with Illumes of feathers and tine no.segays ; and wlieu till' i-cgiment of the Coadjutor de Hetz. who was nominal Archbisho)) of Corinth, was defeat- <'d by the Hoyalists, they called this engagement the first epistle to the Corinthians. The women had us active a share in these proceedings as the men ; and the Duchess of Longueville actually ])revailed on the great Tureiine to leave the king's jiarty, and revolt with his army to that of the rebels. — Tvti.k.i's Hist., IJook (i, eh. 34, [i. 454. 3201. LEWDNESS, Habitual. Charles IT. Jle did not merely indulge his jia.ssitms ; liis neck bowed to the yoke of lewdness. Jle was attached to women, not from love, for he had no jeali.usy, and was regardless of intidelities ; nor entirely from debauch, but from the pleasure of living near them, and sauntering in their coin- ])aiiy. His delight — such is the record of the royalist Evelyn — was in "concubines, and cat- tle of that sort ;" and up to the last week of his life he sjiem his time in dissoluteness and listen- ing to love-songs. — Banc'Uokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 11. 3202. LIAR, Proverbial. livi. 184. 3203. LIBEL, Trials for. WiUimn U<>i,r. The three trials of William Mone are among the most remarkable in our [British] constitutional history. They iiroduced more distinct effects upon the tempc'r of the country than any ])ublie proceedin;''S of that time. [Tliej^ taught tin; government that the ditfusion of knowledge is the best correlative for a seditious and irreligious press. William Hone was a bookseller, who vended liis wares iu a little shop in the Old Bailey. On the 18th of December, 1817, he is liroiiglit for '.rial to Guildhall us u libeller. He had wriUtu a series of political satires, lie was a well-read man, of renmrkable ability, but ho made a financial failure of every enterprise which he undertook. His clothes were threadbare. And being too poor to hire coun.sel, he plead for himself before the .jury, and defended himself against the iirosecution by the uttorney-geiieraL He was charged with writing a jiarody on thu Catechism, the Ijord's I'rayer, anil the Ten Com- mandments, The offence was a Hbel. lloim read in defence ]iaroilies, written bv authors, from jMartin Le.ther to the editor of />7((r^/n««/'.* Mn(litziuv, He was acipiittcd. The lord chief- ,justice was mortified at his acipiittal.] Heswori! that, at whatever cost, he would ])reside in court; next day hiiiKself, .so that conviction nught bo certain. [He was charged with writing] a pro- fane libel on the Litany. (The .jury acijuit- ted him. The loid chief-justice the next day brought him to answer to an indictment for] publishing a jjarody on the creed of St. Atliana- sius, called " 'i'lie Sinecurest's Creed." [Horo was again ac(|uitt('d. He became very jxipular with the ma.sses, and his writings had an immeuso sale.] — Kn'out's Eno., A'oI. 8, ch. 5, p. 80. 320J. LIBEEALITY, Cloak of. (Jommodnx. [The infamous Roman emperor.] To divert the public envy, Cleander, under the emperor's name, erected baths, porticos, and places of ex- ercise, for the use of the people. He flattered liimself that the Romans, dazzled andumu.sodby this apiianait liberality, would be less att'eeted by the bloody .scenes which were daily exhibited ; that they would forget the death of Byrrhus, a senator to whose superior merit the lateempero" had granted one of his daughters ; and that they would forgive the execution of Arrius Antoni- nus, the last re|>iesentative of the name and vir- tues of the Antonines. — Gusiion's Ru-MK, ch. 4, p. lO'J. 3205. LIBEEALITY in Opinions. John Tr<.f- U'll. [When \\'esley was eighty-six years of ago heboa.sted that the Methodi.st Church] " requires of its memliers no conformity, either in opinions or modes of worship, hut barely this one thing, to fear God and work righteousne.ss." — Stevens' Mi-niouis.M, vol. 2, )). 888. 3206. LIBERALITY uncertain. Charh-a I. He relied, indeed, chietly, for ])eeuniary aid, on the munificence of his opulent ndlierents. Many of these mortgaged their land, pawned their jewels, and broke up their silver charges and christen- ing bowls in order to assi.st him. But experienco has fully jiroved that the voluntary liberality of individuals, even in times of the greatest excite- ment, is a i^oor tinancial resource when com- ]>ared with severe and methodical taxation, which jiresses on the willing and unwilling alike. — M.v- e.vri,.\v's E.Mi., ch. 1, p. 10(5. 3207. LIBERTIES demanded. 'SLiiina Charin. A ch uter very fa\oraMe to the liberties of the people, and tending t abridge the power of the sovereign in many capital articles, had been granted bv Henry 1. A copy of this charter, which ha'l never been followed hy any substan- tial effect, came into the possession of Langton, who, in a conference with .some of the jirincipal barons, proposed that, on the ground of theso concessions from his predecessor, they shoiilil insist that John should grant a solemn coulirma- tion and ratiticatiim of their liberties and jjrivi- k'ges. The burous bound themselves with an 3:8 LIHERTIES— LIHKHTY. ? i' ■ oath to support tlii'ir cliiinis by n vifrorous and steady pcrKevcrancc. An application was drawn up and pri'seiitcd to tlie sovcrcigti, who, uinvill- in;; to yichl and yet unable to refuse, a])peah'd to the holy see. The pojie [Innoeent III.] liad now an interest to su])port hi.s vassal, and he wrote instantly to En^^land, recpiiring by his supreme authority that ail confederacies anionjj; the baroiis which tended to disturb tlu; jieace of the kinLTdoni sliould bo iinnieiliately i)ut an end to. This requisition met with its just disrejrard. The associated barons had taken the most etlect- ual measures to enforce their claims. They had asseuible,i.^ XV. Libertinage nui.st be observed in an old man, to learn all its ba.seness. It takes the ex])erienee and daring hardihood of sensual age to be thor- oughly ilepraved .... In the old voluptuary .sensuality springs from infidelity in the moral existence. . . . The absolute King of France, now that he was growing old, abandoned himself to unbounded dissoluteness, and while he trembled before the unknown future, and dared not hear death named, he filled his remaining days with lewd ])leasin'e, in which Richelieu, a i)rotligate of seventy-two, was his coun.sellor. — Bancuoet's U. S., vol. 6, ch. 48. 3211. LIBERTY, Celebration of. P^iris. [In 1790] it was resolved that the anniversary of the taking of the Bastile .shoidd be honored by a mag- nificent festival in the Champ de Mars — a grand federation, to which deputies should come from ev;'ry on(! of the eighty-three departments of Prance. To i>rei)arean immense amphitheatre for this gathering, . . . 12,000 workmen were em- ]iloyed. But they worked too slowly. All Paris then went forth to dig and to move earth — all classes, men and women, coming in the early morning . . . and returning home by torchlight. [Three hundred thousand ])er.son8 were j)re.sent on the 14tli of July, seated on the grass, in the mid.st of a pouring rain. All swore to be faith- ful to the nation, the law, and the king. The king swore to maintain the constitution.] — Kmoht's Ex(1., vol. 7, ch. 10, p. 188. 3212. LIBERTY, Champion for. L.tfayette. In spite of the remonstrances of England, Amer- ica, and the friends of lil)erty everywhere, La- fayette remained a prisoner. To every demand for his liberation, the Au.strian Government re- plied, with its usual .stupidity, that the liberty of Lafayette was incompatible with the safety of the governments of Europe. He owed his liber- ation, at length, to Gcnerid Bonaparte, and it re- (pured all km great authority to procure it. When Lafayette was presented to Napoleon to thank him for his interference, the First Con.sul said to him : " I don't know what the devil you have done to the Austriaiis^, but it cost them a mighty .struggle to let you go." — Cyclopeuia of Bioo., p. 484. 3213. LIBERTY, Cloak of. Cnmiiuds. [Dur- ing the Heign of Terror the] enthusiastic an;' noble-hearted Madame Roland was led to the scaffold. . . . On i>assing before the statue of Lib- erty, which was erected at the Place de la Re- volution, she apostrophized it in the memorable words, "O Liberty ! what crimes arc conunitted in thy name !" — Students' France, ch. 27, si; 4. 321-1. LIBERTY, Defence of. EnrjUxh in Ire- laud [James II. .sought the overthrow of Prot- estantism.] Already the designs of the court began gradually to unfold themselves. A royal order came from Whitehall for disarming the population. This order [the viceroy in Ireland] Tyrconnel .strictly executed as respected the English. Though the country was infested by '»' LIHEKTY ;}ri) ir- -» I'd ,4. >('- ot- lirt yal tlio '1] ho predatory bands, a Protestant fiontli-nian could scarcely obtain permission to keej) a brace of pistols. The native peasantry, on the other hand, ■vvero sufYi'red to retain their weapons. — M.vc.m- lay'sHng., ch. «, p. 12H. 3215. LIBERTY, Delusive, lionum^. The in- fatinited Komans now believed themselves a free j)eople, since they had no lonirer to tiirht for their lil)erty. It was the |)olicv of Auj;iistus to keep up thin favorable delusion, by extraor- dinary marks of indtd^cnee and munitieence. He pratitied the peo])!- by continually amusinj;' them with tlieir favorite ^ninies and spectacles ; lie aflected an extreme rcijard for all the ancient jiopular customs ; he ju'etended the utmost def- i'erence for the Senate ; he re-established the Co- mitia, whidi tlie internal commotions of tliej,^ov- ernment had prevented from beinu; rci^ularly held; he flattered tlus jieoplcwith the ancient rifjjht of electini; their own magistrates ; if he jire.sented candidates, it wasonly togive asini])le recommendation, under reservation that they should be judg;ed worthy by the ])eople, and the peoi)le, on their jiart, could not but rei,rard as the most certain symptom of desert there commen- dation of so gracious a prince. It was in this manner tliat Augustus, by the retention f)f all those empty but ancient appendaj^es of liberty, concealed the form of that arbitrary monarchy which he determined to maintain. — Tvti-ei:'s Hist., Book o, ch. 1, p. 470. 3216. LIBERTY, Devotion to. Lafayett,-. By the time he had left America, at the close of the war, he had expended in the .service of Con- gress 700,000 francs — a free gift to the cau.se of liberty. One of the most pleasing circumstances of Lafa3'ette's residence in America was the af- fectionate friendship which existed between him- self and General Washington. He looked up to Washington as to a father as well as a chief, and Washington regarded him witli a tenderness tru- ly paternal. Lafayette named liis eldest son George Washington, and never omitted any op- portunity to testify his love and veneration for the illustrious American. Franklin, too, was much attached to the youthful enthusiast, and privately wrote to General Washington, asking him, for the sake of the young and anxious wife of the marquis, not to expose his life excejit in an important and decisive engagement. — Cyclo- I'EDIA OF Bioo. , ]). 479. 3217. LIBERTY in Disguiee, Burhariann civilized. The western countries were civilized by the same hands which subdued them. As soon as the barbarians were reconciled to obe- dience, their minds were opened to any new im- pressions of knowledge and politeness. The language of Virgil and Cicero, though with some inevitable mixture of corruption, was so univer- sally adopted in Africa, Spain, Gaul, Britain, and Panonia, that the faint traces of the Punic or Celtic idioms were preserved only in the moun- tains, or among the peasants. Educatiim and study insensibly inspired the natives of those coimtries with the sentiments of Romans ; and Italy gave fashions, as well as laws, to her Latin provincials. — Gibbon's Kome, ch. 2, p. 45. 3218. LIBERTY, Emblem of. Liberty Pole. A. p. 1770. [After three repulses the British "sol- diers cut down the citizens' pole in New York.l The Sons of Liberty, purchasing a piece of land near the junction of Broadway and Iiowery, erected a I>iberty Pole, strongly guarded t>y iron baiiils and bars, (leei)ly sunk into the earth, and inscribed " Lilierty anil Property." — Bancuoft'h U. S., vol. 0, ch. 4!1. 3210. LIBERTY endangered. F'/f/itiir Shwe Ldir. It allowed the j)ersuiial liberty of a man to be peremptorily decided iiy a I'liited States commissioiier, acting with aiisolute ]iower and without api)eal. For a claim excefding %'H) in value, every citizen has the right to a trial by jury ; but by this law the body, the life, the very soul of ii man, possil)ly a free-born cit- izen, might be consigned to ]ieri)etnal enslave- ment on the fallible judgment of a single ollicial. . . . TluMommissioiier, . . . in the event of hia remanding the alleged fugitivt^ to slavery, re- ceived a fee of $10, and if he adjudged him to be free, only $•■>. — Blaine's Twenty Veaus of CONdHESS,']). i)8. 3220. LIBERTY, Enthusiasm for. L>tf,iyeUe. Decembc -, ITTti. When [Deane.l the American commissioner, told Lafayette ]ilaiiily that the credit of his goveninient was too low to furnish the volunteers [from France] a transport, " Then," .said the young man, " I will ])urcliase one my.self." ... At iiis own cost he bought and .secretly freighted th(! Victory, which was to carry himself, ilic; veteran I)e Kalb, and twelve other French otiicers to America. ... At the age of nineteen it seemed to him an amusement to i)e presented to the king against whom he was going to tight. — BancuoKi's U. S., v.jI. 'J, ch. 10. 3221. LIBERTY, Government for. Romnn. [When tlie consuls were elected] they immediate- ly exercised an act of jurisdietion, by the manu- mission of a slave, who was brought before them for that purpose ; and the ceremony was intend- ed to represent the celebrated action of the elder Brutus, the author of liberty and of the consul- ship, when he admitted among his fellow-citi- zens the faithful Vindex, who had revealed the consjiiracy of the Tanpiins. — Giisbon's Home, ch. 17, p. 111. 3222. LIBERTY lost. Athenians. The aver- sion to restraint assumes the same external ap- jiearance with the love of liberty ; but this cri- terion will enable us to distinguish the reality from the counterfeit. In fact, the spirit of liber- ty and a general corruption of manners are so totally adverse and repugnant to each other, that it is utterly impossible they should have even the most transitory existence in the same age and na- tion. When 'riira.sybulus delivered Athens from the thirty tyrants, liberty came too late ; the man- ners of the Athenians were irretrievably corrupt- ed ; licentiousness, avarice, and deiiauchery had induced a mortal disease. AVIien Antigonus and the Achican States restored liberty to the Spar- tans, they could not enjoy or preserve it ; the si)irit of lilierty was utterly extinct, for they were a corrupted people. The lilierty of Rome could not be recovered by the death of Ca'sar ; it had gone forever with her virtuous manners. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 4, ch. 0, p. 465. 3223. LIBERTY, Love of. Unconquerable. Such was the result of the Flemish war — a mem- orable struggle, as proving for the first time that it was possible for a .small feudal State, if well organized and animated by a fervent love of lib- 380 LIHERTY. crty, lo resist successfully the will of a despotic iiuzerain, and lobiiiulile tlie [irideof a great mili- tary kingdom. — Sicdknts' Fuance, eh. U, t- 15. ;Wa.|. LIBEETY, Martyr for. Sir lie mil Vane. TE.vcciitcd hy CliarleH II., a.d. Kifi'J.] " Mlcsscd be Ood !" exclaiiiu'd lie, as lie bared his neck for the a.xe, " I have kept a conscience void of of- fence till this day, and have not descried the righteous cause for which I suffer." That cause was democratic liberty ; in the history of the vorld he was tlu! first martyr to the principle of the |)arainount powerof the jieoplc. . . . 'J'he manner of his death was the admiration of his times. — H.snckokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 11. 3225. LIBERTY of Mountaineers. 7?// A rms. [In Giiul.J Of the native barbarians, the C'elti- berians wen; the most powerful, as the C'antu- l)riaus and Asturians proved \\\v. most obstinate. Confident in the strength of their mountains, they were the lust who submitted to the arms of Itome. and the first who threw off the yoke of the Arabs. — GiimoN's itoME, cli. 1, p. 22. 3226. LIBEETY, Personal, llaheas Corpus. The famous u(;t of llitheox CorjiiiH was likewise the work of this Parliament — one of the chief securities of Engli.sh liberty. \W this excellent statuK^', the natiire of which we shall hereafter more fully consider, it is prohibited to send any one to a jirisoii bej'ond seas ; no judge, under severe penalties, must refuse a prisoner a writ of hidieas corpun by which the jailer is directed to produce in couit the l»ody of the prisoner, and to certify the cause of his detainer and imjjrisijn- ment ; every prisoner nuist be indicted the lir.st term after his connnitment, and brought to trial in tlie subse(iucut term. A law of this kind, so favorable to the liberty of the subject, takes place in no government except that of i3ritain, and even of itself is a sufHcient argument of the su])erior- ity of our constitution to that of all other gov- ernments. — Tytleu's 1Ii8T., Book 6, ch. 30, p. 422. 3227. LIBEETY, Proclamation of. Abraham Liuciilu. On the 1st of .January, 1^03, the Pres- ident issued one of the most imi)()rtant documents of modern times — the kmancii'.vtion ruoci.A- MATiox. The war had been begun with no ■well-defined intenticm on the part of the govern- ment to free the slaves of the South. But the President and the Itepublican party looked with disfavor on the in.stitution of slavery ; during the progress of tli(! war the sentiment of abolition had grown with great rapidity in the North ; and ■when at last it became a military necessity to Strike a blow at the labor-system of the Southern States, the stc]i was taken with but little hesitan- cy or opposition. Thus, after an existence of two hundred and forty-four years, the institution of African shivery in the I'lnted States Avas swept away. — HiDrATii's U. S., ch. G5, p. 511. 322§. LIBEETY protected. Eleventh Centu- rjf. At a i>eriod when the feudal oppi'cssion was at its height and the condition of the common- alty, through the greater part of Eurojx-, was in the lower stage of degradation, one of thesesmall Christian kingiloms exhibited the example of a peopk- who shared the sovereignty with the jiriuce, and wi.scly limited liis arbitrarj" govern- ment by constitulional restraints. This was the kingdom of Aragon, in which not (jnly the rej)- resentatives of the towns had a. scat in the Cortes, or national assiini)lies, l)ut an officer was elect- ed by th(! people, termed a .Insti/.a, wlio was the supreme interpreter of the law, and whose rectiti- nued duty it was to jirotcct the rigJits of the pco- ])le again.st the encroachments of the crown. This officer, whose person was .sacred, was <,ho- .seii from among the commoiu'i's ; In; had a right to judge wheth(!r the royal edicts were agreeable to law before they coid(l be carried into cfTcct ; and while the king's ministers were answerable to him for their conduct, he wa.s resjionsible to the Cortes alone. This great officer had likewi.so fill! privilege of receiving, in the name of the j)coi)lc. the king's oath of coronation ; and dur- ing this ceremony he held a naked sword, point- ed at the breast of the sovereign, whom lie thus addressed : " We, your etpials, constitute you our .sovereign, and we .solenudy engage to obey vour mandates on condition that you protect us m the enjoyment of our rights ; if otherwise, not." — Tyti.ku's IIisT., Book G, ch. 7, p. 12G. 3220. LIBEETY by Eeaction. William the Coitquentr. William, in short, through the whole of his reign, considered the English as a coiuiuer- ed nation. Under the Anglo-Saxon government X\\i' people had enjoved a very consideral)le por- tion of freedom. The greater l)ar()ns, jK'rhaps even some of the landholders, liad their share in the government, by their place in the VVittenage- mot, or as.senU)ly of the States. Under AVilliam the rights and privileges of all the orders of the State seem to have been annihilated and overpow- ered by the weight of the crown ; but this very circumstance, unfavorable as it may appear to the people's liberties, was, in fact, the very cause of the subsecpient freedom of the English con- stitution. It was the excessive power of the crown that gave rise to a spirit of luiion among the ptiople iu all their efforts to resist it ; and from the want of that spirit of union in the oth- er feudal kingdoms of the continent — a sjiirit which was not excitecincts of the royal palaces, the Church of the State, the Church of the great ma- jority of the nation, was forbidden to explain and vindicate her own principles. The sjjirit of the whole clerical order rose again.st this injus- tice. — Macaui.av's E.ng., ch. G, p. 84. 3231. LIBEETY, Eeligious. Colony of Mary- land. The foundation of Maryland was peace- fully and happih' laid. Within six months it had advanced more than Virginia had in ps many years. . . . Every other country in the world had persecuting laws. " I will not" — such was the oath of the Governor of Maryland — " I will not by myself or any other, directly or indirect- ly, molest any i)erson professing to believe in I.llJKIiTY— LinUAUIKS. 3Sl Jesus Christ, for or in rcspoct of religion." — JBancroft'h U. S. , vol. 1, ch. 7. 333il. LIBERTY secured. Mnr/na Chm-tn. With resjject to the jx-oplo, ihv following were the principal cliiiises euleuliited for their benettt. It was ordiiined lliiit nil tlie privileges and inumi- idtie.s granted by the king [John I.] to his bar- ons should be also granteil by the l)arons to tlieir vassals. That one tni(jht and one mtitmire should be observed throughout the kingdom. That merchants should be allowed to tran.sact all busi- ness without !)eing exposed to any arbitrary tolls or impositions ; that they, and all treemen, should be allowed to go out of^the kingdom and return to it at ]>lea.sure. London, and all cities and bor- oughs, shall preserve their ancient liberties, im- munities, and free customs. Aids or fa.xes shall not be required of them, except by th(,' consent of tlu^ great council. No towns or individuals shall be obliged to make or sujiporl bridges, un- less it has been the ininiemorial custom. The goods of every freeman shall be disposed of ac- cording to his will or testament ; if he die intes- tate, his lieirs at law shall succeed to them. The king's courts of justice shall be stationary, and shall no longer follow Ins person ; they shall be open to every (i,,t', and justice shall no longer Ikj bought, refused, or delayed by them. The sher- iils shall be incapacitated to determine pleas of tlie crown, and shall not put any person upon Ids trial from rumor or susjjicion alone, but upon the evidence of lawful •witnesses. No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or dispossessed of Ins free tenements or liberties, or outlawed or banished, or any way hurt or injured, vrikssby the U'Ajdl jiidf/nu'itt of his peers, or l)y the Idw of the 1(111(1; and all Avho suffered otherwise in this and the former reigns shall be restored to their rights and possessions. livery freeman shall be lined in proportion to his fault, and no fine shall be levied on him to his utter ruin. — Tvtleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 7, p. 14!). 3233. LIBERTY of Speech denied. The Com- mons. [In ir)!)3 the lord-keeper rei)]ied to the Commons in the name of the ([ucen, when they asked for liberty of speech.] Privilege of sjjeech is granted, but you mu.st know what privilege you liave : not to speak every one what lie li.st- etli, or what cometh into his brain to utter that ; but yo\ir jirivilege is aye or no. Wherefore, Mr. Speaker, her Majesty's pleasure is, that if you perceive any idle "heads, which will not stick to hazard their own estates, which will meddle with reforndng the church and trans- forming the Commonwealth, and do exhibit any bills to such purpose, that you receive them not, until they be viewed and considered by those who it is fitter should consider of such things, and can better judire of them. — Kniuht's En(j., vol. 3, ch. 17, p. '2m. 3234. LIBERTY vs. Tyranny. Romdii Sen- ator Boethius. In the last gloomy season of The- odoric [the Gotiiic King of Italy] he indignantly felt that he was a slave ; but as his master had only power over his life, he stood without arms and without fear against the face of an angry barbarian, who had been provoked to believe that the safety of the Senate Wiis incompatible witli his own. The Senator Albinus was accused and already convicted on the presumption of hoping, as it was said, the liberty of Home. " If Albimisb(!crinunal," exclaimed the orator, " the Senate and myself are all guilty of the same crime. If we are innocent, All)inus is equally entitled to the protection of the laws." These laws nught not have puiushed the simple luid barren wish of an unattainable l)le.ssing. but they would have shown less indulgence io the ra.su confession of IJoelhi'is, that, had he known of a conspiracy, the tyrant nevershould. The atlvo- cal(! of Afhiiuis was soon involved in the danger and j)erhai)H the iruill of his client. — UiBuoN's lio.MK, ch. 39, p. 35. 3235. LIBERTY, Unexpected. Ucorye Wnnh- iiKjtoii. .\.i). 1774. [Addressing a royal ollicer, he sai. 3237. LIBERTY by Vigilance. British. In the Middle Ages the state of .society was widely dilferent. Rarely and with great difliculty did the wrongs of iii(livi('uals come to the knowl- edge of the public. A man might be illegally confined during many months in tlu' Castle ))osed the proj;- ress and contiiuiauceof Ejryptian literatiu'e, thi.s second library of Alexandria was l)urnt, about t'i,!,dit hiuidred years afterward, when the Hara- cens took possession of Eirypt. Tlui Ixjoks were taken out by order of the Caliph Omar, and used, for six months, in supplyinjr the tires of the jiublic liaths. " If these l)0()ks," said Omar, "con- tain nothing ])ut what is in tl.c Alcoran, they are of no use ; if they contain anything not in it, litey are of no consequence to salvation ; and if Anything contrary to it, thev are damnable, and ouirht not to be suffered.'' — Tytleu's Hist., Book 2, ch. 5, p. 192. 3241. . Cousin ntinoph'. [The roj'al college oi Constantinople was burnt in the reign of Leo the Isaurian. In the i)onipous style of the age, the president] of that foundation wa.s named the Sun of Science ; his twelve a.ssociates, the professors in the different arts and faculties, were the twelve signs of the zodiac ; a library of thirty-si.x thou.sand five hundred volumes was open to their inquiries ; and they coidd show an ancient manu.script of Homer, on a roll of parch- ment one hundred and twenty feet in length, the intestines, as it was fabled, of a prodigious ser- pent. IJut the seventh and eighth centuries were u period of discord and darkness ; the library wa.s burnt, the college was abolished, the Icono- chusts are represented as the foes of antiquity ; and a savage ignorance and contempt of letters has di.sgraced the princes of the lleraclean and Isauriau dynasties. — Gmuox's Komk, ch. 53, p. 378. 3342. LICENTIOUSNESS authorized. Mnhom- ct. In his adventures with Zeinel), the wife of Zeid, and with Alary, an I-^gyiJtian captive, the amorous prophet forgot the interest of bis rc])u- tation. At the house of Zeid, his freedman and adopted son, he beheld, in a loose luidress, the beauty of Zeineb, and burst forth into an ejacu- lation of devotion and desire. The servile, or grateful freedman understood the hint, and yield- ed without hesitation to the love of his benefac- tor. But as the filial relation had e.xeited some doubt and scandal, the Angel (Jabriel descendcil from heaven to ratify th(! deed, to anmd the a(lo|)tion, and gently to reprove the apostle for dislrusling the indulgence of his (}od. ( )ne of hifJ wives, llafna, the tlaughler of Omar, surprised him on hei' own bed, in the embrace of [.Slaryl his Egyptian captive ; she promi.sed secrecy and foi'giveness ; he swori! tiiat he would renounce the possession of Mary. Both parties forgot their engagements ; and Gabriel again descended with a chaptei' of the Koran, to absolve him from his oa'.h, and to exhort him fi'cely to enjoy his cap- tives and eoncidiines, without listening to tho clamors of his wives. In a solitary retreat of thirty days he labored, alone with Mary, to ful- fil the commandH of the angel. "When his lovo and revenge were satiated, he siminioned to his jiresence his eleven wives, reproached their diso- liedience and indiscretion, and threatened them with a sentence of divoi'ce, both in this world and in the nexl ; a dreadfid scnience, sin.e those who had asceiideil the l)ed of the prophet were forever excluded from thehoix'of a second mar- riage. — GmnoNs Ko.mk, ch. TiO, p. l.")(). 3343. LICENTIOUSNESS, Fashionable. .Viloii. A.I). 1T!)7. [Napoleon had con(|uered Italy and Austria, and was the most famous man in Eu- rope. After the war, with .losephine he resided for a time at Milan.] Eveiy conceivable temp- tation was at this time i)re.sented to entice Na- poleon into habits of licentiousness. . . . Tho corruption of those days of infidelity was suck that the ladies were jealous of Jo.sephine's exclu- sive influence over her illustrious sjiouse, and they exerted all their jjowers of fascination to lead him astraj'. — Ahuott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 9. 3344. LICENTIOUSNESS, Literary. John Dry- den. Not a line tending to make virtue contempt- ible or to infiame licentious desire would thence- forward have jiroceeded from his pen. Tho truth unhappily is, that the dramas which he wrote after his pretended conversion are in no resi)cct less impure or profane than those of his youth. Even when he professed to translate he constantly wandered from his originals insearcii of images which, if he had found them in his originals, he ought to have shunned. "What was bad became worse in his versions. "What was in- nocent contracted a taint from passing through his mind. He made the gro.sse.st satires of Juve- nal more gro.ss, interpolated loo.se descriptions in the tales of Boccaccio, and polluted the sweet and limpid poetry of the Georgics with filth which would have moved the loathing of "Virgil. — Ma- caulay's E.no., ch. 7, p. 184. 3345. LICENTIOUSNESS, Pontifical. Clement VT. Clement was ill-endowed with the virtues of a priest ; he i)osse.s.se(l, however, the spirit and magnificence of a prince, whose liberal hand dis- tributed benefices and kingdoms with equal fa- cility. Under his reign Avignon was the seat of pomp and jileasurc? ; in his youth he had sur- passed the licentiousness of a baron ; and the palace — nay, the bed-chamber of the pope, was adorned or jJoUuted by the vi.sits of his female favorites. — Giuhon's Home, ch. 66, p. 294. 3346. LICENTIOUSNESS prevalent, li^ign of Charles II. [After the overthrow of the Puri- tans] meu flew to frivolous amusements and to criminal pleasures with the greediness which W LICENTIOUSNKSS— LIFE. 383 Inii^ luid oiiforccd iiljstiiiciicc niituritlly nro- . 3217. LICENTIOUSNESS, Kegal. r.ouiM XV. "When the personal altrac'ions [of Me.rchiones.s of Pompadour) bcLjan to wane, she had the; ad- dress to maintain her empir*; over the kim;, by sanctioning, if she did not actually suirgest, tlw^ infamous establishment called the Pare au.\ (,'erfs, whicli was neither more nor less than a .seraglio, after the fashion of the Oriental mon- archs, formed l)y Louis in a beautiful retreat be- l()n";ing to Ids unstress near Versailles. The fa- vorite thus secured herself against the rise of any dangerous rival who nuglit disputi' lier suprem- acy ; i)ut thrivate in the French army carries in his haversack the baton of a marshal, so it is a necessary ingredient of the dream on Parnassus, that it "should embody itself in a form of surpassing brilliance. What distinguishes Milton from the crowd of young ambition, nu- daxjuiriitit, is the constancj' of resolve. He not only nourished through manhood the dream of youth, keeping under the importunate in- stincts whicli carry off most ambitions in middle life into the pursidt of place, jjrotil, honor — th(^ thorns which spring up and smother the whnil — but carried out ids dream in its iniegriiv in old age. He formed himself for this achieve- ment, and for no other. Study at home, travel abroad, the ic na of political controversy, the imblic .service, the practict! of the domestic virtues, were so many parts of the schooling which was to makeii poi t. — P.vttison'h .Mii.tun, di. 111. 32SI. LIFE, Changes in. Sninnil Tfoiisfon. His separation from his friends at tin- steamboat, was a touching scene. He was a young man, for he had not jiassed his tbirly-liftli year. He was in the vigor and strength of early manhood. Hi; had tilled the highest stations, and lieeii crowned with the liighest honors his State could give. They knew the history of hi.s early life, and they fell pride in his cliaiiicter. He was literally a man of the jieoiilc, and they hioked forward to his future advancemciil with id! the ])i'i. 379. 3353. LIFE attests Character. Ilumhl,: On the decea.se of Zeiio, the emperor, Ariadne, the daughter, and mother, and the widow of an em- peror, gave her hand and the inii)erial title to Aiiastasius, an aged domestic of the palace, who survived his elevation above twenty -seven years, and who.se character is attested by the acclama- tion of the people, " Heigii as jou have lived ! " — Gihbon's Ko.me, ch. 39, p. 5. 3354. LIFE, Choice in. Parahle. The Arabs express this liy a ])arable that incarnates, as is their wont, the Word in the recital. KingNim- rod, say they, one day summoned into his i)res- ence his three sons. He ordered to be set before them three urns under seal. One of the urns was of gold, the other of amber, lue third of clay. The king bade the eldest of his sons to choose among these urus that which appeared to him to contain :| 3H-t MFK. 1 ! the trciiHiiro of Kri-atcKl price. The eldest elioHe the viiH(> of j^old.oii wliicli wiis wrillen tlie word Kni}nr« ; he opened it, and found il full of lilood. 'I"he second took tlu! viinc of itniher, whereon wiih Avrilten the word (llori/ ; he opened il, atid found it full of the allies of men wh(>lmd nmde ii f^^reiit Hcnsation in the world. 1"he third son look the only reniaininj; vase, tlu' clay oik; ; he opened it, mill found it ((uite empty ; hut on the bottom tin; potter had inKcrihed tin' name of (i'xl. " Which of these vas<'.4 wei^dislhe most '/" asked th(> kinif of his courtiers, 'I'he men of amliition replied it was tin; vase of trold ; the poets and (ron((uer' ors, that it wan Uw amher one ; the .sat;es, that it was the empty vase, because a sinifle li'tter of tin* name of (4od was of more W(-i;i;ht than tln^ entii-(! ;,;lobe. AVe are of the o])inion of the saifes. We believe that the /greatest things are ^^reat but in I Ik; ])roportion of divinity which they contain. — L.\.\rAiniNKH TlHKKY, p. 3(i. 3il55. LIFE, City. Smiuid JoJinxon. I suir- j,'estc(l adotibt, that if I were to reside in Londoii, tlic ex()uisille computation to estimate that two millions of JMiropciuis, in these expnlilicns, wen* buried in the Last.— Tvti.ku's llisr.. Book (J, ch. 10, p. l(r». 3ilAf>. LIFE, Farewell to. Jo/u) Q'linri/ A<}(im.<>. Tlu' last words < if .lohn (^\dncv .Vdanis are said to have Iwen, " 'i'his is the last of earlh ; I am con- tent." — AmICIIICA.N C'V( I.OI'KDIA, ".Ioh.n t^t i.t- C V A 'JAMS. ' 3il«0. LIFE forfeited. /?,// Ntf/hr/. Edward rtibbon's . . . nialadv was dropsy. cnmplic4ilcd with otlu'r disorders, lie had most siraiigdy neg- lected a very danginius symptom for upward of thirty years, not only having failed to lake medi- cal advice about il, but even avoiding all allusion to it to bosom friends like; liord ShctHcld. Jhit longer concealment was now impossible. Ho .sent for the eminent siM'gcon Fanpihar. . . . Thus, in conse(picnc(' of his own strange self-neglect and imprudence, was exlinguished one of tlu> most richly-stored nunds that ever lived. Occur- ring when it did, so near the last summons, (Jib- bon's prosiu'ctive ho])e of contimied life " for ten. twelve, or twenty j-ears" is harshly pathetic, ami full of that irony which mocks the vain cares of men. But, truly, his forecast was not irrational if lie had not neglected ordinary precautions. — AIomiisoNH (iinnoN, ch. 10. 3'iOI. LIFE, Future. American T:iii;J»'t'( Itnn,*. Uoliert Iturns, in the course of naiure, might yet have been living ; bill his short life Was spent in toil and peiniry ; and he died, in the prime of hi>« manhood, miserable and neglected ; and yet al- ready a lira ve mausoleum shines oxer hisdu>«t, and more than one splendid nioniunent has been reared in other places to his fame ; the street where h ■ languished in poverty is called by his name ; the highest |ieisonage-* in onr literaluro have been proud to appear as lii< eommeiitalors and admirers, and here Is the sirtli narrative of his /,///■ that has lieen given lo the world !— (.'aiii.yi.k'h MniNs, p. \'i. •'IU7I. LIFE, Object in, I'liilnnoplnidf KiiimvuH. It proposed . . . the allainmeiit of a perfect tran- (|ulllily of mind. The term by which he niaikeil theobjecl of his liliilosophy ciiiillibliled much 10 increase the number of his disciiiles. " The su- preme happiness (if man," said Kpiciiriis, " ((in- sists in jiltdKiiir. 'I'd this centre tend all his de- sires ; and this, however disguised, is the real ob- ject of all his actions. Tlie purpose of philos- ophy is to teach whateNcr best condiiees to II111--0 laws. N'ice therefore was folly, and virtue llio onlv true wisdom," — Tyti.kk's Hist., Hook 2, ch.")», 1). 27)». :I47'J. LIFE, Opening in, Ahnihum /Jumlii. When nineleeii years old Alirahain I.incoln, moved iierhaps e(|ually liy the desire to earn an lionest livelihood, in the shape of " ten dollars a month and found," and by ciirivsily to sec morn of \hv world, inad(> a trip down the .Mississipjii to New Orleans in a tlatboat. He went in coin- pany with the son of the owner of tlu; lioal, who intrusted a valuable cargo to their care. — Hav- mond'h Li.\( I i! m \m who f(»llf,ii Millnii. A S(< inin^r iilifr, I)MI really liani at wurlt, in liis fatiur s iiuiise at ilnrton. 'I'lie iiuiination wliieli lie liail L:i\('n of liis purpose in the sonnet . . . Iiail lieeonie, in Kill, "an inward prompt inir wliieli urows daily upon me, lliat iiy lal)or and intent siu to lie my portion in tills life, joined with the sironi; propensity of nature. I miirlil perliaps leave somethinjf so writ- ten to after times as tliev sIkiiiUI not \villini,dy let it die." — I'attihon's .Nlii.ro.N, eh. 'i. :M77. . /'(///• Cini/K r. Cooper Insti tule is that evenin;f school which I'etcr Coo |ier resols'ed to founil as lomj; airo as |H|(), when he was acoach niaker'sappi'cntice looking; aliont in New York for a |)lace where he could >^et in- slruetion in the evenin,l,^ liiil was unalih^to tind it. 'I'hniutrh all his career, as a caliinet-makcr, irroccr, manufacturer of ulue, and iron founder, lie never lost si^dit of thisolijeet. If he liad a fortunate year, or made a successful speculation, he was uratitied, not that it increased Ids wealth, liiit liecausc it liroutdit, him nearer to the icali- /alion of his dream. — ('y( i.oi'Kdia oh' Hioo., 1 1. 577. .l'J7M. LIFE, Qualifloation for. h'iecretarieH, with whom ho reml and answered the mullitu7!>. aawi. LIFE, Rules of. Sindni/mrf/. His" Rules of Life" [were] : 1. often to read and meditate on the \\ ord of (tod ; '2, to submit everything to tlie will of Divine Providence ; ',\, to observe in everything a proiiriety of behavior, and to keep the conscience clear ; 4, to discharge with fidelity tlie functions of my em]>loyment and the duties of my odice, and to render myself ia all things useful to society. — Wiiitk's Swkdem- HOHd, di. 7, 1). 01. 3!2M2. LIFE, Secret of. J".ii,ih Qiii/in/. It con- cerns us all to know the secret of such health and longevity as this. His father died very young, and his mother in middle life. Nor had any of his iiaternal ancestors lived beyond .seven- ty-four. ... In the first jiliicc, he was strictly temperate in the use of intoxicating drinks, almost to total abstinence. At breakfast and at night lie ate moderately and of plain food. At dinner, which he had the good sense to eat in the middle of the day, lie ate heartily of whatever was set before him. He discovered, many years i LIKE. 387 apt, liow imiMntimt pcrfrct cltiinlliu'SN Ih lo llic lircMTvalion of liciillli, itiid he iiiailc a fmiiicnt use (if the lialli lull, tlic llixli IhiimIi, imd the liair HldVcM. lie was ail fxcti'diinrly carlv liHcr, lli' was aildiclcd In no vice wlialivcr. Ills life was hlaiiii'li'ssaiid clin-rfiil. lie iiidiilp'd iKiiictif llic |iitHNi(iiis wliicli was))' tlic vitality and pci'vcrt tlir cliariictcr. All Ids (ilijccts wcrr such as a ratjuiial mid vii'tiKiiis mail cniild luiisuc witlmiit self I'c pruacli, and with the a|i|iriiliatieaeefiilly and iminli'SMly as a iliild jjnes t(i s|ee|i. lie was an eniiiieiitlv liandsdine man, fi'din youth Id ex- treme did iiii:r. His line set of teetll he kept en tire until his death ; and this, iid ddiilit, had much Id (Id with preserviii>; the health nf his liddy iiiKi the priipdi'tidiis df his enuntenanee. (Sie No. ;t2S7. J— ('Y«'i. home \\ ith him to his hotel, (irder supiier. and spend half the, iii;;ht in telling stdriesand sinLciiij;son;:s, 'I'o mii/ man this will he fatal in lime ; liiil when the niirhtly carouse follows an (!veniiiij;'s jierfdrinance hefore an iiudience, and is succeeded liy a railniad joiir- ney the next day, the wasl(! df vitality is fear- fully rapid. Five years (if .such a life tinished jKior Charles Hniwiie [Arlennis \Viird|. lie died in Jjdiidon, in lH(i7,a.ued thirty-lliree years ; and he now lies buried at, Iho hoiiil' of his" childhddd in Maine. . . . ih; was luit a deep drinker, lie was iidt a man df stnuiif aiiiietites. It was IIk! nii^hts wasted in cdiivivialily, which his system needed fdr sleep, that sent him Id his j^rave fdrty years liefdre his time.— (^Yn.di'KDi.v uv I5i(i(i.. p. 748. 3il8'l. LIFE, Simplicity of. IhtrkinxKhinnn. The hardy liackwoddsinan, clad in a hiinliii^ shirt and deer-Hkiu le^^^inirs, armed with a rille, a powder-hdrn, and a pdiicli fdr shdt and hiillets, a hatchet and a hunter's knife, descended the iiiduntains in the ()uest of nidn* distant lands, which he fiirever imagined Id he richer and Idvc- lier than thdsi! ho knew. Wherever he (i.xed his hall, the hatchet hewed loirs for his cahin and Mazed trees df the forest kept the recdrds of his title-deeds.— U.vnchokt's U. S., vol. 7, ch. \'>. 3iili5. LIFE, Start in. AlcrdiuUr Sf,p/„n.>>. The iiidst part of his younirer days had lieen passed in the (irdinary farm lalidrs ("if aSduthern jilantatidU. His earliest ])ractice in these laliors ■would seem to have been incorn-dnippiiiir, an art in "which ho soon liocanH! an e.\i)ert. At tlu- ai^e of eleven he commenced jtlouuhiiiir, and liy the followinj; year was one of the rcfrular iildu^licrs on the farm. Ah ho also ran all tlio ernuids, was mill-hdv, sliop-hoy, and did, in fact, all the little jobs that fall to a lad .so .situated, it -will readily be perceived that his opportunities for schooling; mu.st have been few and far between. — Nouton's Like of Alexandeu Stephens, ch. 1, p. 1. 33§0. LIFE, A Bucoesiful. Washington Ir- ving. The life of Washington Irving was one of the brightest over led by an author, lie discov- ered his genius at an early age ; was graciously (^iiiiicy . (luriiii; welcdtned by his cduntrynieii : iinswere(l tho literary cdiiditidii nf the peiidd when he iip- peare(r : Wdii easily, and as easily kept, a distin- guished iilace in the republic (if lellcrs ; wan ^'enerdiisly rewarded fur his work ; charmed lii.H cdnlempdraries by his amiability and mndcHty ; lived Idiig, wisely, happily, and died at a ripn did age, ill the fuiiicss of his powers and hiit lainc,— Stdiidviid'h Iuvi.mi, p ((. ;itl«7. LIFE, Training for, .Aw'r/// (,>>u'iiri/. Ildrn in 177".', and died in IStiJ ' Ninety Iwdvears (if hap|iy, prdspcrous, luid virtudiis life ' lldW was it that, in a wurld sd full of the -ick, the miserable, imd the unfdrtuiiiite, .lo^inh should have lived sd Idiiir. and eiijuycd alnidsl the wlidle df his life, unintcrrupli'd liap- piiicss and prdspeiity '.' Let us see. , , . Left an orphan at .>-d early an age, his education was sui>eriiiti'iided by one of the best mollicrs n bdV ever had ; and this was the llrsi cause lidth of the length and of the happiness df his life. Tlii.s iidinirable inother was .sd cnrefiil lest her fdiid- nessfdr herdiilyson shdiild cause her id indiilgo him Id his harm, that she even rcfriiiiii li from caressing him, and, in all that she did for him, llidught of his welfare llist, and of her dwn pleasure last, (ir iidt al all. Td harden hiiii, sho used Id have him taken fi'din a warm bed iit winter, as well as in summer, and cariicd down to a cellar kitchen, and there dipped three times in a tub df cdid water. She even accustoiiie(l him to sit in wet feet, and endeavored in all ways to tdUghen his iih\sical system ai;iiiiist tho wear and tear of life. [See N("). y~'8:3.J— CvcLO- rKDi.v OK Hioti., p. 749, itiinn. LIFE, Uncivilized. [ii(fi,ni. Li mid- winter of 17()M-4 the town of Dcertieid was de- stroyed. . . . Forty-seven of the 'iihaliilaiits wero tdiiiahawked. A hundred and twehc wero dragged into captivity. The prisoners, many of them Wdineii and children, were obliged to march to Canada. The snow lay four feet deep. The pcKir wretches, haggard w ith fear iiiid stjir- vatidii, sank ddwn and died The deadly hatchet hung ever abdve the heads of the f'-eblo and the sick. Eunice! Williams, the tninister's wife, fainted by tla; wayside ; in the presence of her husband and tivecai)tive children her braiim were dashed out with a toinahawk. Those who survived to Ihv end of the journey were after- ward ransomed and permitted to return to their desdiated hdines. A daughter of Mr. Williams remained with the .savages, grew uji among the Mohawks, married a chieftain, and in after years returned in Indian garb to Deerlield. No en- treaties coidd induc(! her to remain with her friends. Tho solitude of the Wdods and the so- ciety (if her tawny husband had jirevailed ov(!r tho charms of civilization.— Uiur.vrii's L'. S., ch. 17, p. ir)4. •lilSB. LIFE Unhappy. SdimielJohnson. IIo used fre(iuently to ob.serve that there was more to bo endured than enjoyed in the general con- dition of human life ; and frequently quoted those lines of Dryden : " Strange cozenage 1 none would live pa.st years again, Yet all liopo pleas\ire from what still remain." For his part, he said, he never pa.ssod that week in his life wliich ho wor.ld wish to repeat, were II 888 MFK-r.KJIIT. nn nn^t'l to iiiiikc the propniKitl td liliii. — Moh- WKi.i.'s Johnson, p. ITH. :M00. life, a uieful. Sir Ifnmphni Ihirji. Il was Diivv will) iruvi' llir ifrnil iiii|iiiN<' to \\\ir\ niltni'iil I'licriiisli'N a liniiirh of m( ii'iicr wliiili li.is iilri'Mily ri'Vnhitinni/i'il rnriiiiii;; in llic Old World, Mild whlrli is di'xtilii'd to Ih' I|i<> Iiimiki's lifNt lliiiid ill llir Nrw. It wiiM III' w lio iipplicil <'lii'tniNiiy to till' ml of tiiniiliiL'. It wii>4 li< who diHcoMTi'd tliiil iliiiiiioiid Is tiotliiii^ liiit ci'vstiil li/.ril (liiii'i'iiiil. Mild III' wlio found out how to rouvcrt whiskey iiilo IdIci'mIiIc liraiidv. Ills dl.scovrriis ill liiilvMiiisiu mid clcclricll y were xlrikinu mid xmIiimIiIc, and tliry have Iti'iii fur Ihcr dcvi'lopnl liy his crlclinitt'd pupil and friend. I''ai'aday. ... Of all his invcnlioiis, tin' oiiu wliirli III' and his ('oiilciiiporaiirs valiiid most wa- till' Mitrlv lamp, lo pirviiil the cxplo- hIoii of till' damp in minrs. This lamp, which is mcirlv II laiilcrn made of wiiT u:au/.i', was the ii'siill ol an cxliaiistive invcstiuatioii of the nn- lure and ('oni|iosition of ihi' I'.xplo^ivi; >;as. — (vi i,<»i'i;i)iA oi.' Miod., p. HOI. :WOI. LIFE, Valuoof. lnHnhl. |\Vit!iili(' lioinans. I .\((c)riiinL;- to the stiaiii,^' jiiri-ipni- (h'nci' of till' times, the ;ruilt of hlood iiiiirht he redeemed liy a tine ; vet the \\vz\\ priee of nine liundreil pieeiji of t;(ild ileelareH ii just sense of the value of a .simple eili/.eii. I^ess atrocious injuries, a wound, ii fr.'icliire, a Mow, an oppro lirioiis word, were measured with scrupulous and alnio-t ridiculous (lili!:eiice ; and the pru- dence of the leuisjalor eneiairaired the iiiiiolile practice of luirteriiiL;- honor and revenL''e for a peeuniarv couipeiisalioii. — (hiuio.v's idi.Mi:, eh. 4."i, I., li:.. _ :WO'i. LIFE, Vanity of. Trhn,>],h,d PmrcH. $uiii. I'I'he uieat .soldier I{elisa''ius| obtained The honors of a triumph, a ceremony . . . \\liich fiiicicnt |{ome, since the reiirn of 'I'ilierius, had reserved for the (('^v;//(•/'((/,l( arms of the Ciesars. From the palace of IJelisariiis the |irocessioii was cnii.iucled Ihroi jrh the principal .streets to the hipiiiKliome. . . . The wealth of iiMlions was displayed, the trophies of martial or ctlcminate luxury ; rich ariror, ;^oldeii thrones, and the chariots of slate which had lieeii used liy the Vandal queen ; the massy furniture of the royal liaiupiet, the splendor of jirecious stones, ilie cleiraiit forms of statues and vases, the more suhstanti.il treasure of uold. ... A loni; train of the nolilcst N'andals reluctaiilly c.\|)osed their lofty stature and manly countenance, (ielimer [the ca])tive Vandal kiiitr| slowly advanced : he wa.s clad in a imrplc rolie, and still maintained the majesty of a kiiiir. Not a tearcscajied from liis eyes, not, a siijh was heard ; hut his pride or piety derived some .secret ciai.solation from the words of Solomon, which he repeatedly ])r<)- nounced, V.smtv I \ a.nitv ! ai,i, ih vanity ! Iii.stead of ascendini,' a triumi>hal car drawn hy lour horses or elephants, tlie modest compieror marched on foot at tlic licad of liis hrave com- panions ; his jirudenct! miirlit decliiu! an lionor too conspicuous for ii suhject, and his inairna- nimity 'nii,dit justly disdain what laid been so often .sulli. d hy the vilest of tyrants. — Giijuon's H<).\iK, ch. 41, p. 131). 3a»3. LIFE, Vision of. Strong nud Weak. Truly airectinL,^ is the iuia!,'iuuiy spoctucle, so "iitlly conjured up, of Cnunwdl nnd IiIh hrldo sliindliiu hy the allar of St. (JHi'm' Church, ('ripiili'Kate, . . . Tl. -soft hand of Kll/alielh- lh« rouuli, Mtronj; hand of Oliver; lli<-hand hoi liii^ that Utile one In its ^rnmp was to deal death- Mows on liattle llelds ; Il wiin to nIu;ii it mon- arch's death warniiit : il Was to ^riuip the trun- cheon of royalty and power; Il wa.H to fold till) purple of hovereiifiily over the shoulilers ; Il was to Wave hack an olTered //it«." The steeple of liow Church, erect- ed in \i)V2, had lanterns, " which were meant to liave been jrlazed," says Stow, " and lights placed niirhtly in them in the winter, whereby travellers to the city ini^ht have the better sight thereijf. M(»irr-r,iTKi{.\Ti im; 8Hl> mill not to inl-'i nf their wnyi(." 'I'lm iniiyor i'otniiiiindi'd it mitiiry cikrlicr tliiU liiiitrnis uml HkIiIm mIiuiiIiI In' hiim|i<'iiiIi'i rcviiiu' tioiiH III' iinicli frri'iiirr I'linir. An iii>;riiiiiiiH iini' Jrciiir. iiiiniril Kilwiii'il ll^lllill^^ iiliiainril IcttiTH piitriit. ninvryini; In liiiii, liir ii Iri'iii iif yciirH, tlir t'XrIllsivr ri)(lit III' lltrllllMtf lll> liHlliliill. Ill' lin- ilrrtiiiik, I'lir II iiKHliTiilr ('iinNiiliTiitioii, tn placi' u liu'lit lirl'iirc I'vrry tenth liiinr, on iiKiunlesH nlKhtH, I'riiiii Mirhiu'hniiH In Lmly Day, uml t'rnin h\\ Id twelve (if the ciiick. 'I'Iiiimc who now see the capital all tlie year rniinil, frimi dnxk to (lawn. Iila/.lnj; with a Hplenddr ('(inipared with whicii the llhiniiniitionH for Lallo^MH' and Itleii- heiin wiiiild have liioked pale, may perhiipH .smile til think of llemin>;'s liintenis, whicli ^dimnier- ed feelily hefore one house in ten during a small jiiin of one iii|,'hl III three. — M.m ,vi i.ay'h Knrotraet- ed allegory, is dry and tedious upon the wliole. The merits of the Paradise Lost have lu ii .so admirably illustrated by Addi.son in the Spcctd- tor, and the W(jik it.self, as well as his criticism, are so generally known, that it becomes entirely luinecessaiy in this place to bestow much time in characterizing it. Coinpnred with the great epic poems of antiquity, the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the ^Eneid, the Paradise Lo.st has more ex- amples of the true sublime than are to be found in all those compositions put together. At the same time, if examined by critical rules, it is not so perfect a work as any one of them ; and there are greater instances of a mediocrity, and even sink- ing in composition, than are to be found in any of those ancient poems, imless in the sixth book, which is almost one continued specimen of the sublime. It is but seldom that the poet sustains liimself for a single page without degenerating into bombast, false wit, or obscurity. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6, ch. 36, p. 493. 330§. . John Driidiu. In the end of the seventeenth century lyric poetry in Eng- iand was carried to its highest jwrfection by Dryden. The ode on 8t. Cecilia'.^ Day has never eince been eijualled ; and it may even be pro- nounced equal to the best lyric compositions of antiquity. The genius of Dryden, as a iioct, was universal. As a satirist, he has the keen- ness without the indelicacy of Horace or .luve- nal. In this species of composition his Mack- tlecknoe and Absalom and Achitophel have never been surpassed. He excels Uoileau in this re- spect, that the .satire of the French poet is too general, and therefore falls short of its great purpose, which is to amend. The author who makes mankind in general the subject of ids cen- sure or of his ridicule will do no good as a re« former. Dryden, as a fabulist, displays a very hapi)y turn for the poetical narrative, and though the subjects of his fables are noi his own, thev are in general well chosen. The merit of hfs dramatic jiieces, though considerable, is not very high. He certainly ])ossesse(l that invention wliich is the first (pialily of a drannitic poet ; but he is very deficient in the expression of pas- sion, and in his finest scenes wv, are incline I more to admire the art of the poet than to par- ticipate in the feelings of his characters. — Tyt- LKua Hist., Book 0, ch. 30, p. 490. 3300. . Shtikctpeare. The merits of Shakespeare have often been analyzed, and are familiar to every person of taste. He cannot be measured by the rules of criticism — he under- stood them not, and has totally disregarded them ; but this very circvunstance has given room for t'-.ose beauties of unconfined nature and astonishing ebullitions of geinus which delight and surprise in his productions, and which the rules of the drama would have much confined and rejiressed. I know not whether there is not something, even in the very absurdities of Shake- speare, which tends, by contrast, to exalt tho lustre of his beauties and to il'-vato his strokes of the sublime. — Tyti-ek's Hist., Book G, ch. 36, p. 490. 3310. LITER ATUBE, Honors of. Milton. [Sec No. 3307. J The neglect of the merit of 3Iiltoi during his own life is suflidently known. Hume, in his History of Eiigland, nii-ntions an anecdote which strongly marks the .small regard that was had for this great poet, even by that party to whose service ho had d ?voted his talents. White- locke, in his IVIemorials, talks of one Milton, II blind man, irho was employed in trandaling a treaty irith Sireden into Latin ! — Tytlek's Hist. , Book 6, ch. 30, p. 494. 3311. LITEBATURE, Importance of. Fame. The vigor with which Attila wielded the sword of Mars convinced the world that it had been reserved alone for his invincible arm. But the extent of his empire affords the only remaining evi(icnce of the numbc. and importance of his victories; and the Scythian mouarch, however ignorant of the value of .science and philosophy, might perhaps lament that his illiterate subjects were destitute of the art which could perpetuate the memory of his exploits. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 34, p. 397. 3312. LITERATURE, Opporttinity of. Alex- ander Pope. External conditions pointed to let- ters as the sole path to eminence, but it was pre- cisely the path for which ho had admirable quali- fications. Tho sickly son of the Popish trades- man was cut off from the Bar, the Senate, and tho Church. Physically contemptible, politically ostracised, and in a hinnblo social po.sitiou, ho could yet win this dazzling j^rizo and force his way with hi? peu to the highest pinnacle 3f con- temporary fame AVithout adventitious favor, and in spite of manj' bitter antipathies, he was to become the acknowledged head of English lit- erature and the welcome comjianion of all tho most eminent men of his time. Though ho could not foresee his career from the start, he worked a? vigorously as if the goal had already been in sight. — ilEVEii's WouDswoiiTU, ch. 1. LITERATURE— LOAN. 391 3313. LITERATUBE, Fleasurei of. C/iarlcit James Vox, [When Fo.x, the jififiit orator and iimn of tlie world, witlidrew, disatrvclcd, from the o-xcilcments of politics and from his place in Par- liaiiU'Ut, 111' t'mi)loyt'(i his tinu; in] rcadinj; the Iliad; wriHnu of Prior, and Ariosto, and Dry- den, and La Fontaine ; tfoini,' throu,t,di Lucretius regularly ; and taking up Chaucer upon his ne- ])he\v's suggestion. It is pleasant to .see how lit- erature can rill up an aching void, however creat- ed. — Knkhit'h Eno., vol. 7, ch. :20, p. 'iM. 33 II. LITERATURE and Poverty. Somuel Jdhnmni. Dr. SanuielJohnson . . . came to Lon- don, a literary adventurer, in 17:57. Ho was long destined to hear the ])overty and to encounter the supposed degradation that surrounded the jiuthor who wrote; for sul)sistence — the successor of the author who wrote for i)refernu'nt. [He swallowed the scrai)s f rom the liookseller Cave's table, hidden behind a screen to conceal liis rag- ged clothes.] — Kmuut's Enu., vol. 7, ch. 5, p. 85. 3315. LITERATURE, Preservation of. Mimk- ery. However ai)surd to the eyi. of reason and philo.sophy may appear the iirinciple which led to monastic seclu.sion, the obligation.s which learn- ing owes to those truly deserving character.s wiio, in ages of l)arbarism, preserved alive, in their secluded cloisters, the emi)ers of the literary spirit, ought never to be forgotten. The ancient classics were multiplied by traiisciipts, to which undoubtedly we owe the]>reservation of such of the Greek and Roman authors as we now possess entire. Even the original labors of sonic ( i those monkish writers are po.s.sessed of considerable merit, and evince a zeal for the cultivation of let- ters, which does them the highest liouor. — Tyt- liEU's Hist., Book G, ch. 16, p. 245. 3316. LITERATURE, Profligate. Reiati of Charles II. Tlie profligacy of the English plays, satires, songs, and novels of that age is a deep blot on our national fame. The evil may easily be traced to its source. The wits and the Puri- tans liud never been on friendly terms. There was no sj-mpathy between the two classes. Tliey looked on the whole sy.stein of luiniaii life from different points and in different lights. The ear- nest of each was the jest of the other ; the pleas- tires of each were the torments of the other. To tlic stern precision, even the innocent sjjortof the fancy, seemed a crime. To light and festive na- tures the solemnity of the zealous brethren fur- nished copious matter of ridicule. — Macaulay's Hist., ch. 3, p. 370. 3317. LITERATURE, Recompense of. Alex- ander Fope. Between 1715 and 1735 Pope com- pleted the Iliad and the Ody.ssey. Never was literary labor in those times ni ire al)undantly rec- ompen.sed. Pojie received nearly .£9000 from liis subscribers and his publisher as liis clear gain from these undertakings. — Knioiit's Exg. 331 §. LITERATURE, Restoration of. Arabs. It is generally admitted that the Arabians were the first restorers of literature in Europe, after that extinction which it suffered from the irrup- tion of the barbarous nations and the fall of the "Western Empire. About the begimiing of the eighth century this enteriirising people, in the course of their Asiatic conquests, found many manascripts of the ancient Greek authors, wliich they carefully preserved ; and in that dawn of mental improvement which now began toaiipear at Bagdad, the gratification which the Arabians received from the perusal of those manuscripts was such that they reepiested their calijilis to pro- cure from the Constaiitinopolitan emperors tho works of the best Greek writers. These they translated into Arabic ; but the authors wiio chief- ly engaged their attention were; those who treat- ed of mathematical, metaphysical, and physical knowledge. The Arabians conlinuecl to extend their coiKpiests and to communicate their knowl- edge to son e of the P^urojH'an nations, which af that time were involved in the greatest ignorance. — Tytlku's Hist., Book 6, ch. 10, p. 344. 3319. LITERATURx'^ ridiculed. Crusaders. [They pillaged Consuuitinople. ) To exjiose the arms of a jieople of .scribes and scholars, they affected to display a jien, an inl horr, u. 1 a hheet of paper, without discerning that the instrument* of .science and valor were alHr. feeble and useless in the hands ot the modern Greeks. — GinuoN'a RO.MK, ch. 60, p. «3. 33aO. LITERATURE, Vicious. Ileif/iiofCharh.* IT. Of that generation, from Dryden down to Durfey, the cominon characteristic was hard- hearted, shameless, swaggering licentiousness, at once inelegant and inhuman. The infiuence ot these writers was doubtless noxious, yet less nox- ious than it would have been l"id tliey been les^ depraved. The jioison which they administered was so strong that it was, in long time, rejected with nausea. None of them understood the dari' gerous art of associating images of unlawful pleasure with all that is endearing and ennobling. None of them was aware that a certain decorum is essential even to voluptuousness ; that drapery may be more alluring than exposure ; and that the imagination may be far more powerfully moved by delicate liints which inijiel it to exert it.self than by gross descriptions wliich it taker; in pas- sively. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 3, p. 373. 3321. LITIGATION, Period of. Fifte enth Century. One of tlie most remarkable features of society in this period [a.d. 145G-1485] is tho incessant litigation. Every gentleman had soma knowledge of l.iw, and liis knowledge never rust- ed for want of practice. — Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. 7, p. 109. 3333. LITTLE THINGS, Importance of. Span- ish War. [Tlie Duke of Wellington wrote in his despatches from Portugal to the government ;] The people of England . . . will not readily be- lieve that important results here frequently de- pend on fifty or sixty mules, more or less, or a few bundles of straw to feed them. — Kmgut':* Eno., vol. 7, ch. ;'0, p. 538. 3333. LITURGY opposed. Scots. Charles [I.] and Laud determined to force on the Scots thu English Liturgy, or, rather, a liturgy which, wherever it ditfereil from tliat of England, differed, in the judgment of all rigid ^'rotestant.s, for the worse. . . . The first performance of tho foreign ceremonies produced a riot. The riot rapidly became a revolution. Ambition, patriot- ism, fanaticism, were mingled in one headlong torrent. The ^^■hole nation was in arms. — Macaulay-'s Eng., ch. 1, p. 88. 3334. LOAN, A hopeless, Samuel Johnson. The heterogeneous composition of human ua- 393 LOBBYIST— LOST. ture was rcumrkiiMy cxcinjilifli'il in Johnson. His Hberiility in siviiiK hU money to persons in distress was extniordniary. Yet tliere lurlted about liini a i)r()pensity to paltry savinjr. One day I owned to him tliat " I wius occasionally troubled witii a fit of utirrowiwun." " Why, sir, ' said lie, " so am I. /hit I do not tdl it." lie lias now and then borrowed a shilling of me ; and when I asked him for it again .seemed to be ra- ther out of humor. A droll little circumstance once oc(!Urred : as if he meant to reprimand my minute exactness as a creditor, he thus address- ed me : " Boswell, lend me sixpence — iiot to be rep(ikl."—lioHWKi.u'6,]oiiSHON, p. 4H9. 3323. LOBBYIST, A'succesBful. Mmrus Cras- «?/."». As he despaired of rising to an etpiality with ]iim [Pompey] in war, he betook himself to tlio administration ; and by paying his court, by de- fending the impeached, by lending money, and by assisting and canvassing for persons who stood for otHc(^s, he gained an authority and in- fluence equal to that which Pompey acquired by liis military achievements. — Plotauch's Mak- cus Chabscs. 3396. LONGEVITY, Caases of. John Locke. Wlienever it was pos.sible he preferred the quiet life and pure air of the country to the many at- tractions which the capital must have offered to u man with his wide acquaintance, and with so many political and literary interests. In diet ho practised an abstemiousness very rare among men of that age. His ordinary drink was water, and to this habit he attributed not only his length of years, but also the extraordinary excellence of his eyesight. Till recently a curious relic of Locke's wat^-r-drinking liabits was preserved in the shape of a large mortar of spongy stone, which acted as a natural filter, and which ho used to call his brew-hou.so. lie was assiduous in taking exercise, and was specially fond of walking and gardening. In the latter years of his life lie used to ride out slowly every day after dinner. [He had feeble health from his youth.] — Fowleh's Locke, ch. 7. 3327. LONGEVITY by Prudence. Pe(cct a similar release, and might look forward to return erelong to their homes, full of spoil and glory. — AUNoLu's Hakmual, j). 9. 3330. LOSS, Inevitable. Buttle of Sedgemoor. rHebcUion of the Duke of Monmouth against .lames II.] The . . . divisions of the royal army were inniotion. The Life Guards and Blues cami? pricking fast from Weston Zoyland, and scatter- ed in an instant some of Grey's horse, who had attempted to rally. The fugitives spread a panic ainr)ng their comrades in the rear, who liad charge of the ammunition. The wagoners drove off at full speed, and never stopped till they were many miles from the field of battle. l^Ion- niouth had hitherto done his part like a stout and able warrior. He had Ik'ou seen on foot, pike in hand, encouraging his infantry liy voice and by example. . . . But the struggle of the hardy rustic* could not la.st. Their jiowder and ball wore spent. Cries were heard of "Ammunition ! for God's sake, ammunition !" But no ammunition was at hand. — Macaulav's Eno., ch. 5, p. 564. 3331. LOSSES, Disparity in. Battle of Neiir Orleaihs. Earthworks had been constructed,, and a long lino of cotton bales and .sand-bag.s thrown uj) for protection. On the morning of the memorable Htliof .lanuary the British moved forward. They went to a terrible fate. The battle began with the light of early morning, and was ended before nine o'clock. Pakeiiham hurled column after column against the Ameri- can p(^sition, and column after column was smit- ten with irretrievable ruin, .lackson's men be- hind their brea.stworks were almost entirely .secure fnmi the enemy's fire, while every dis- charge of the Tennes.see and Kentucky rifiestold with awful effect on the exposed veterans of England. Pakenham, trying to rail}- his men, was killed ; General Gibbs, second in command, was morfiilly wounded ; General Keene fell disa- bled ; only General Lambert was left to call the shattered fragments of the army from the field. Never was there in a great battle such disparity of losses. Of the British fully 700 were killed. 1400 wounded, and 500 taken prisoners. The- American loss amounted to 8 killed and 13 wounded. — Kidpatii's U. S., ch. 51, p. 418. 3332. LOST, Seeking the. Sir John Franklin's Cre^D. This prolonged .search for a handful of men presents a curious contrast to the reckless- ness with which hunitin life is frequently risked «nd dostroj-ed. Wo kill 40,000 of one another in a great battle without the slightest remorse ; but if a poor little child goes astray in the woods, the population of half a dozen towns engages eagerly in the search for it, day and night, till its fate is ascertained. Thousands of England's people are permitted to perish every year for want of food and care, and no one regards the fact ; but let a few men be lost in the polar ice, and the resources of the empire are lavished in the endeavor to rescue them. Such a creature is man ! — Cyclopedia of Bioo. , p. 400. LOT— T.OVE 3'.t3 3333. LOT, Choice by. Tiirkmitnu. The vic- torious 'I'urkmims iinincdiatcly iirocccdcd to the clfction of a kiiiji' ; and if tlio prohahlc laic of a I^alin liisloflan (IcscrvcM any credit, they detcr- iniiied l)y lot tlu! clioice of their new master. A )iiiiiil)er of arrows were successivi'ly iiiscrilx'd witii the name of a tril)c, a family, and a candi- ilate ; they were drawn from tlie hiindle l)y tli(( liand of a child. — CJiiihun's Komk, ch. Ttl, 1). r)()7. 3331. LOTTERY, Profitable. PcUr Oxyper. In liis seventeenth year, .stirred with a higher am- bition, the hoy came to New York to start in life for liinLself. lie had aocnmulated .|1() of his own money, and, thinking to augment it rapidlv, lie invested his capital in a lottery ticket. lie lost it, of course, as millions of older fools have since. But he never regretted it, and he often recalled the fact with good-humor and thankful- ness, for he .said it was " the cheapest piece of knowledge he ever bought." — Lestku's Life of Peteii Cooper, p. 12. 3335. LOVE, The abode of. " Agnpemone." In 1246 the Rev. Henry Prince, a curate of Char- linch, Eng., united with several members of his church in founding an establishment near Spa.\- ton, called by them the Agapemono. They possess a long file of elegaat buildings, -where they live professedly in the most refined pleas- ure. The cusine is admirable. The " turn-out" in the afternoon consists of ii graceful barouche drawn by four thorough-bred grays, preceded by outriders and bloodhounds, aiul accompaniell by a mounted escort. Thus dashingly "the family of love" was wont to take the air. . . . Without care, in a beautiful spot, amid sound of music, delicious cookery, and all tlio.se appli- ances which to the sensualist makes even nature more delightful, they lived in their ease in much enjoyment, and mocked at the religious commu- nities outside their extensive walls for their seriousness and their cares. They ro le out on fallant hor.ses, they followed the hounds with ecu delight, played at all manner of manly sports within their own grounds, and took espe- cial joy in a game peculiar to England, called " hockey," which they i>layed on Sundays to the disedification of their neighbors around. Their projierty is considerable and in common, and, strange to relate, all their converts liave been from among tiie wealth}'. The relations between the sexes are not of a grossly .sensual nature, as might be inferred from the title of the sect. . . . They enter upon matrimonial unions while the attraction lasts, or until a new one supersedes it ; but one partner at a time is all that is allowed to any one. They profess to be Trinitarians, and hold to the Apostles' Creed. They now declare that they do all things for the glory of God. . . . They renounce prayers, but sing hymns of praise. — Am. Cyclopedi.\, "Aoapemone." 3336. LOVE, Aocidental. Sir Walter Scott. One Sunday, about two years before his call to the bar, Scott offered his umbrella to a young lady of much beauty who was coming out of the Greyfriars Church during a shower ; the um- brella was graciously accepted ; and it was not an unprecedented con.sequencc that Scott fell in love with the borrower, who turned out to be Margaret, daughter of Sir John and Lady Jane Stuart Belches, of Invernay. For near six years after this Scott indulged the hope of marrying tliis lady, and it does not seem doiililful that the lady herself was in ])arl respo'isiide fur this im- pression. — III tton's Like of Scott, ch. 3. 3337. LOVE, Active, (liirrne M'hitffrbl. Tho device of Wiiitclicld's seal was a wini^cil heart, (soaring ai)ove the globe, and the iiinito, .l,i?/vt jutani UK.— So IT 1 1 KV. 333N. LOVE, Battle of. l.»ir)v. [Aidonous, king of the Molossians,| named hiswilV Proscr- ]>inc, his daughter Core, and his ddir ('crhcrus; with this dog he (■oinmaiided all his daughter's suitors to light, iironiising her to him tluit should overcome him.— Pi.LTAiuii's Theseus. 3330. LOVE, Changed by. Amithn- JMi/. Cato the Censor used to say the .soul of a lover lived in the body of another. — Pi.i:t.\iuii. 33-10. LOVE, Conjugal. Ndi^ilcon I. "While the.se scenes were conspii'ing [in opening tho Italian campaign] Napoleon did not forget tlu! bride he had lef in Paris. Though for seven days and night.s he had allowed himself no (piiet meal, no regular rejiose, and had not taken olf either his coat or his liooLs, he found time to .send fre(juent and most all'ectioiiaie. though very short, notes to Josephine. — Aiuiott's >ia- roi.EON B., vol. 1, ch. 4. 334 1 . LOVE, Disappointment in. h'nnciuHko the Pole. lie left liis native country from a disap- pointment in love ; and devoiing himself to freedom and humanity, in the autumn of ITTtt he entered the American army as an otliccr of engineers. [He wa3 a grand .soldier, and fill in t!iewar.]— Banchoft's U. S., vol. !». ch. 19. 3342. LOVE, Infatuation of. M,irn Sti/nrt. Du Chatelard [her page], surprised a second time hidden behind the curtains of the (luciii's bed, was sent to trial, and condemned to death liy tiio judges of Edinburgh for a meditalcd treason. With a single word Mary might havccoiiimuted his punishment or granted him ])Mnlon, hut she ungenerously abandoned him to the executioner. Ascending the .scaffold erected before the win- dows of Holy rood Palace, the theatre of his mad- ness and the dwelling of the (pii'( ii, he faced death like a hero and a poet. " If," said he, " I die not xoithoiit rcproar/i, like the Chevalier liay. ard, my ancestor, like him I die, at least, irWiout fear." For his la.st prayer he recited Uoiisard's beautiful Ode on Death. Then, casting his last looks and thoughts toward the windows of tho palace inhabited bv the charm of liis life and the cause of his death, "Farewell I" he cried, " thou who art so beautiful and so cnie] ; who killest me, and whom I cannot cease to love !" — Lamartine's Quekx of Scrc striking imag(! of a .sudden, violent, irresistible, uncontrollable I)assion, than that under which I found him aboring. . . . Between his old feeling toward Harriet [his wife], //v«h irJiomheirdH not thcnni'p- arnted, and his j)assion for Marj', he .showed in his looks, in his gestiurs, in his speech, the state of a mind '.suffering, like a little kingdom, the nature of an insurrection.' His eyes were l)lood- shot, his hair and dre.ss disordered. He caught lip a bottle of laudanum, and .said, ' I never part from thi.s.'" — Symonds' Siiklley, cli. 4. 3346. LOVE vs. Prudence. Af/mltnis. [Age- silaus was very ardent in his friendships. ] There were, indeed, times when his attachments gave way to the exigencies of state. Once being ob- liged to decamp in a hurry, he was leaving a favorite sick behind liim. The favorite called after him, and earnestly entreated bim to come back ; upon which lie turned and said, " How little consistent are love and prudence !" — Plu- tarch's AUESILAUS. 3347. LOVE, Eeligion of. Kdjwleon I. [Na- poleon said to Montholon at St. Helena :] " Al- exander, Ca'sar, Charlemagne, and mvself have founded empires ; but ujion what did we rest the creations of our genius ? Upon force. Jesus Christ alone founded His empire upon love ; and at this moment millions of men would die for Him. I die before my time, and '■ • ])ody will be given back to worms. Such is tin fate of him who has been called the great Napoleon. What an aby.ss between my deep misery and the eter- nal kingdom of Christ, which is proclaimed, loved, and adored, and which is extended over the whole earth ! Call you this dying ? Is it not rather living ? The death of Christ is the death of a God !" — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, cL, 14. 334§. LOVE, Romantic. Oeoffiry Rndd was a mad poet, who fell in love with the Countess of Tripoli, Avlioni he liad never seen, and who, being afterward blessed with a sight of her, dropped down dead for joy. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 0, ch. 16, p. 248. 3349. . Smiviel JohnHon. A young woman of Leek, in Staffordshire, while he served his apprenticeship there, conceived a vio- lent passion for him ; and though it met with no favorable return, followed him to Lichfield, where she look lodgings oiiposileto the hou.se in which he lived, and indulged her hojieless Hame. When he was informed that it so preyed upon her mind that her life was in danger, lu; with a generous humanity went to her and ofTcred t ) marry iier, but it was then too late ; her vital jxnvcrwas ex- hausted ; and she actuallv exhibited one of the very rare instances of dying for love. She was buried in the cathedral of Lichfield ; and lu>, with a tender regard, i)laced a stone over her grave. — Boswell's Johnson, p. T). 33A0. . Poet Shdh]/. Nearly the whole of the winter was spent in Naples, where Shelley suffered from depression of more tlian ordinary dc])th. Mrs. Shelley attributed this gloom to the state of his health ; but Jledwin tells a strange .story, which, if it is not wholly a romance, may b-tter account for the poet's mel- ancholy. He says that so far back as the year 1816, (m the night before bis departure from London, "a married lady, young, liand.somo, and of noble connections," came to him, avowed the passionate love she had conceived for him, and projioscd that they shoidd fly together. He explained to her that his hand aiul heart had botli been given irrevocably to another, and, after the expression of the most exalted senti- ments on both sides, they parted. — Symonds' Shelley, ch. .'). 3351. LOVE, Shadow of. WdsJiiiir/to)} Trring. He had passed through troubles which had deep- ened his knowledge of life, having lo.st his fa- ther, who died shortly before the completion of " Salmagundi," and liis mother, who (lied about ten years later, and whose death was still fresh in his memory. Between these two sorrows came the tram-dy which darkened his young manhood, anclwas never forgotten — the death of Matilda Hoffman, the young lady to whom he was attached, who clo.sed her brief existence at the age of eighteen, while he was composing the amusing annals of Mr. Dicdrich Knickerbocker. — Stoddard's Hiving, p. 35. 3353. LOVE, Supremacy of. Domestic. [Queen Elizabeth required obedience. A domestic an- ecdote illustrates this principle of her conduct. Harrington says] the queen did once ask my wife in merry sort, " how she kept my good-will and love, which I did always maintain to be iruly ^ood toward her and my children." My Moll, in wise and discreet manner, told her High- ness "she had confidence in her husband's un- derstanding and courage, well founded on her own .steadfastness, not to offend or thwart, but to cherish and obey ; hereby did she persuade her husliand of lier own affection, and iu so doing did command his." " Go to, go to, mistress," saith the queen ; " you are wisely bent, I find ; after such sort do I keep the gof)d-will of all my husbands, my good people ; for if they did not rest assured of some special love toward them, they would not readily yield mc such good obe- dience." — Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 18, p. 284. 3353. LOVER, A fallen. Hernando Cortez. Spanish girls were kept almost as secluded, and guarded almost ivs carefully, as the ladies in the harem of a Turk. Therefore, when a young man fell in love, instead of ringing the door-bell «; LOVER— LUCK. 305 < and scndiiiif in liiscnnl, he often niudcn rope lad- irns. For several years love-making was his cliief amuse- ment, or rather his most serious business. His brother tells us that he was in the .secret of half the love all'airs of the jiarish of Tarbollon, and was never without at least one of his own. There was not a comely girl in Tarbolton on whom he did not ('ompose a song, and then he made one which included them all. — Wii.vikp's Hlkn8, ch. 1. 3355. LOVER, A youthful. Lord Byron. Whenlirst heimagim (llnniself the victim of the tender passion he was onl}' eight years of ago ; jind he cherished so fond a recollection of liis infant tlame, that when, at the age of sixteen, his mother carelessly tohl him that Ids " old sweet- heart, Mary Duff," was married, he was nearly thrown into convulsions, which so alarmed his mother that slieavoided mentioning the .subject to him ever after. At twelve he thought himself madly in love with a beautiful cousin. " I could not sleep— I could not eat — I could not rest," he afterward wrote. The last of hi.s boyish pa.s- sious, which .seized him when he was fifteen, be- fore it was possible for him to have been really in love, was not so violent as his first ; but he always spoke of it as something exceedingly serious. The lady was much older than himself, and very properly regarded and treated him as a school- boy. — Cyclopeuia ok Biog., p. 291. 3356. LOVERS, RivaL ThomnH Jefferson. Mrs. Martha iSkelton [had many lovers, and] among all her lovers he was the favored swain. The story goes that two of his rivals arrived at the same moment at the widow's house, and were .shown into a room together. It happened that, at that moment, 3Ir. JefTerson and Mrs. Skeltonwere singing and plaj'ing together, their voices being accompanied b}' her harpsichord and his violin. The song was a tender and plaintive melody, and they performed it as two lovers might be expected to execute a piece of music which enabled them to express their feel- ings to one another. The rivals listened for a few moments, and then retired, to return no more on the same errand. — C'yclopeuia ok Bioo., p. 221. 3357. LOYALTY esteemed. Cromwell. "We think this is the moment to .say a few words upon that other ever ditlicult ]iroblem, What were Cromwell's intentions with reference to himselT and to Charles [L] ? "We cannot see that there is foundation for any other thought than that Crom- well especially intended to i)reserve English law ; and to him, we dare .say, a king was not more siicred than a man, and a lawless king not so .sacred as an obedient and law-keeping man. — Hood's Ckomwell, ch. 14, p. 179. 335S. LOYALTY, Unreserved. Wuhm Wind- lifim. [After his defeat Charles L was] conveyed to the residence of a widow named Windham, who had lost her husband and three eldest sons in the c luse of Charles I., and with un.shakcn devotion now offered her two surviv'rg ones to the successor of the decapitated moiii..ili. She received Charles, not asa fugii've butas a king. " When my husband lay mh hi>- death-licd," said she, "he called to liim our live sons, anoii :.hr. [Alex- ander the (treat, after the coiuiuest of Persia,] found that his great otlicers set no iiounds to their luxury, that they were most I'Xtravagantly deli- cate ill their diet and jirofuse in other respects, insomuch that Agiion of Teos wore silver nail* in his shoes ; Jjconatus had many camel loads of earth brought from Egyj)t to rub himself with when he went to the wrestling-ring ; Pliilotai* had hunting-nets that would enclose tlies])aceof a hundred furlongs ; more made use of rich es- .seiices than oil after batliing, and had their grooms of tlu! bath, as well as chamberlains who excelled in bed-making. This degeneracy he re- jirovcd with all the temper of a philosopher. — PM'TAUCII. 336T. LUXURY misplaced. Tioimih.'*. [The Romans under Pomi>ey were defeated at Phar- salia by Ca'sar.] The camji itself was a singular picture. Hou.ses of turf had lieen built for the luxurious patricians, with ivy trained over the entrances to shade their delicate faces from the simimer sun ; couches had been laid out for them to repo.se on after their exi)ected victory ; tables were spread with ]ilate and wines and the daintiest prei)arations of Roman cookery. Civsar commented on the .scene with mournful irony. "And these men," 'le said, "accused my pa- tient, suffering army, which had not even com- mon necessaries, of dissoluteness and profli- gacy !" — FitounE's C^KSAK, ch. 22. 336§. LUXURY, Nauseous. Tobarro. [At Cu- ba Columbus and his men] for the first time witnessed the use of a weed which the ingenious caprice of man has since converted into an uni- ver.sal luxury, in defiance of the opposition of the senses. They beheld .several of the natives going about with firebrands in their hands, and certain dried herbs which they rolled up in a leaf, and lighting one end, put the other in their mouths, and continued exhaling and putting out the smoke. A roll of this kind they called a tobac- co, a name since transferred to the plant of which the rolls were made. The Spaniards, although pre]iared to meet with wonders, were struck Avitii astonishment at this singular and apparent- ly nauseous indulgence, — Iuving's Columbus, Book 4, ch. 4. 3369. LUXURY and Poverty. Roman. Every age in its decline has exhibited the spectacle of selfish luxury side by side with abject poverty ; of— " Wealth, a monster gorged '3Iid starving populations ;" but nowhere and at no period were these con- trasts so startling as they were in imperial Rome. There a whole population might be trembling lest thev should be starved by the delay of an Alexandrian corn-ship, while the upper cla.s.se3 were squandering a fortune at a single banquet, drinking out of myrrhine and jewelled vases worth hundreds of pounds, and feasting on the LUXUHY-MAC'IIIXEHY, 397 briiiim of ponrncks nnrofane harmony of pounds, and to view with lndilTerenc(! the most finished productions of human art. Gay njjpar- el, niauiiiticcnt houses, and eh'jrant furniture were supposed to uinte the double ,i,nult of jiride nnd of sensuality ; a simple and mortitied ajipear- imc(^ was mure suitable to the C^hristian who was certain of Ids sins and doubtfid of his .salvation. In their ccnsiu'es of luxury, the Fathers are ex- Iromely nunutc; and circumstantial ; and amoni,^ the Viii'ious articles which excite tlieir i)ious in- dignation, we maj' enumerate false liair, i,^ar- ments of any color except white, instruments of music, vases of j^old or silver, downy pillows (as Jacob reposed his head on a stone), white bread, foreinn Avines, public salutations, the usi^ of warm l)atlis, and the practice of .shavini^ the Iteurd, widch, according to the expression of TertuUian, is a lie iigainst our own faces, and an impious attempt to imjirove the works of the Creator. — CTrnnox's Rome, ch. 2H, p. 548. 3371. LUXURY, Senseless. liovum Feast. The exi)ense ridiculously bestowed on tliese enter- tainments, and the labor employed in collecting the rarest and most costly articles of food, ex- ceed all belief. In this, as indeed in every otlier species of luxury, there was the most capricious refinement of extravagance. Suetonius mentions « supper given to Vitellius by his brother, in which, among other articles, there were two thousand of the c^hoicest tishes {Uctmimornm pis- dum), seven thou.siind of the most delicate birds — one dish, from its size and capacity, Wius named the cpgis, or shield of Minerta. It was tilled cliiefly with the livers of scari (a delicate species of lish), the brains of pbe!is invaded Southern Europe.] He wished, at (lie expense of the emperor, to repose in a golden bed. 'I'hc wealth of Constantinople and the skil- ful dilU'cncc of her artists were instantly devot- c(l to the gratilication of his j'a|)rice ; l)ut when the work was (Inished he rejected with scorn a l)resent so unworthy the majesty of a great king. — GiiinoN'rt HoMi;,"ch. 40, ]>. 4415. 3373. LYING, Polite. SomtidJohnsan. [His study) seemed to be very favoralile for retire- ment and meditation, .lohnson told me that he went up thilher without mentioning it to his ser- vant w hen he wanted to stud}' secure from in- terruption ; for he woidd not allow his serviuit to say he was not at home when he really was " A sei'vanfs strict regard to truth." .said he, " must l»c weakened by such a practice. A plii- losers have spread them over the whole earth. — Cyclopedia ok Biou., p. 209. 337.5. MACHINERY a Means. >. MAGNANIMITY, Admirable. Trial of Sir lli'urt/ I'liiir. Ih; had asked for counsel. " Who," cried the .solicitor, " will dare to speak for you, uidesH you can call down from th(! jj;ih- liet the headsof your fellow traitors 't" " 1 stand sinjrle,' said Vane ; "yet, heinif thus leftalonc, I am not afraid, in this irreat presence, to hear my witness to the tjlorious cause [of popular liher- tvj, nor to seal it with my hlood." -B.vnikokt's C. S., vol. 2, ch. 11. 33§0. MAGNANIMITY, Noble, (icneral ll'hcrt E. Iac. [At the battle of Gettysburg an Knglish ofHcer .says :] I saw General Wilcox como up to Inm, and explain, almost crying, the state of hi.s brigade. General Lee immediately shook hands ■with him, and .said, cheerfully, "Never mind, general, nil this /kih/ji'cii >iii/fldendrairoiis. His throne is of massy j;'old. Whenever he ap- jiears in puhlic he is surrounded liy his courtiers, ids iruards, and his allendanls. Their siiears, their shields, their cuirasses, the bridles aiui trap- jiinirs of their horses, have either the substance or the appearance of p)ld ; and the liirne splen- did boss in the midst of their shield is encircled Avith smaller bosses, which rei)resent the shajte of the human eye. The two nniles that draw the chariot of the monarch are jierfcctly white, and shinirii:^ all ovci- with >;old. 'I'he chariot itself, of ])ureand solid ;;;ol(l, attracts the admiration of the sjiectators, who contemplate the i)uri>le curtains, the snowy cariM't, the size of tlu' precious stones, and the resplendent plates of j^old, thatjrlitter as they are a!,dtated by the; motion of the carriage. The Imperial i)ictures are white, on a blu(! j.n'ound ; the eniix'ror ajjpears seated on his throne, with his arms, his horses, and his iruards beside him, and his van(piished enemies in chains at his feel." — (timioN'H liovii;, ch. '.\'i, p. W2.i. 331^5. MAIDEN, A military. liom,iii. |I)auect of the glorious prize. At the pressing .solicitation of liis brethren Abdallah withdrew liis jx-rson from the field ; but the Saracen.s were discouraged by the retreat of their leader, and tin; repetition of these e((ual or unsuccessful contlicts. — Giu- bon's Uo.mk, ch. 51, p. 2:}7. 33§6. HAILS detained. licif/n of Janus IT. [James was trying to coerce Parliament to grant political relief to th(! Roman Catholics.] While the contest lasted, the anxiety in London was in- ten.se. Every report, every line from Edinburgh, wa.s eagerly devoured. One day the story ran that Hamilton had given way, and that the govern- ment would carry every point. Then came in- telligence that the Opposition had rallied, and was more ob.stinatc than ever. At the most criti- cal moment orders were sent to the post-otHce that the bags from Scotland should be tran.smitted to Whitehall. During a whole week not a single private letter from Ijcyond the Tweed was deliver- ed in London. — Mac.m'l.w'sEno., ch. 6, p. 114. 33§7. MAJOEITY.Euleof. Condemned. Their idea \\\m people of the north] of government may be briefly stated as the sovereignty of n u7id)er.H. . . . According to the interpretation oi the Yankees, the body politic o\ight simply to have a political organization to bring out and enforce the will of the majority. . . . The Northern idea was mate- rialistic : it degraded political authority, because it despoiled it of its moral offices, and represent- ed it as an accident determined by a comparison of nunilMTs. It destroyed the virtue of ndnori- lies ; compelled them to servile aci|uicscence ; . . . it laid the foundations of a despotism more terri- ble than that of any single tyrant ; destroyed moral courage in the |)eople ; b'rokcdown all thu barriers of conservatism, and Hid)stiiutcd the ])hrasc, " tfic nuijoritji tniis( i/nn rn " for the con- science and Justice of sociciy. — i'or. laud's Skc- ().M> Vi;.\ii ohTiii'; W.Mt, ( li. lit, p. 'Jlt'J. 33MM. MAJORITY, An unconquerable, I'Jiif/- liiiid. [.lames II. Houglii the overthrow of the Ivs- tablishcd Church and the promotion of the Ho- man Calholic faith. | 'I'hc proportion which they liore to the population of LngJMnd was \( ly nuicit smaller than at present. . . . Forty nine tlftielh.s of the inhabilanis of the kingdom, forty nin(> llf ticths of the property of \\\v kingdom, almost all the |)olitical, legal, and mililary ability and knowledge to be t'oiMid in the kingdom, were Protestant. N<'verlhclcss, the king, under a. strong infatuation, had dclcrmiiicd to use his vast patronage as a means of niaking proselytes. To be of his Church was, in his view, the tirst of all (pialiticalions lor otllcc. To be of the national Church was a positive (lis(|ualili(ation. — M.\tAU- l.Av's Kno.. ch. M, p. -Jl!). 33M}». MALIGNITY, Parental. To Fndn-ir/c the (irml]. He askcil pu/.zling ipu'stions, and )rought forward arguments which sciincd to savor of something diirereiit from pure Luther- anism. TIk' king suspected that his son was in- clined to be a hei'ctic of some sort or other, whether Calvinistor atheist, his .Majesty did not very well know. The ordinary malignity of Frederick William was bad eiuaigh. He now thought malignity a i)art of his duty as a Chris- tian man, and all the conscienc(! that he had stimulated his hatred. The tlute was broken, tin* French books were sent out of the palace, the jirince was kicked and cudgelled and jiuUed by the hair. At dinner the plates wi're hurled at his head ; sometimes he was restricted to bread and water, sometinu's In- was forced to swallow food .so nauseous that Ik; could not kceji it on his stonnich. Once his father knocked him ilown, dragged him along the floor to a window, anil was with ditflculty prevented from strangling him with the cord" of the ciu'tain. The (pieen, for the crime of not wishing to see her son mur- dered, was subje(!ted to the grossest indi.f.nities. The Princess Wilhelmina, who took her broth- er'spart, was treated almost as ill as Mrs. Brown- rigg's apprentices. Driven t()des])air, the unhap- l)y youth tried to run away ; tlien the fury of the old tyrant rose to madness. The ju'liuc wa.s an officer in the army ; his flight was therefore desertion, and, in the moral code of Frederick William, desertion was the highest of all crimes. [Execution would have followed but for the in- tervention of others.] — Macaulay'sFkedekick THE Great, p. 13. 3390. MAN civilized. Chamjes in America. [See No. 3398.] Man is still in harmony with na- ture, which ho has subdued, develojied, and adorned. For him the rivers tliat flow to remot- est climes mingle their waters ; for him the lakes gain new outlets to the ocean ; for him the arch spans the flood, and science spreads iron pathways to the recent wilderness ; for him the hills yield up the shining marble and the endur- ing granite ; for him immense rafts bring down 400 MAN-MANFIOon. I i I tl (he fdrcstM of ilic liiicriiir ; for him llii' nmrls of till! city (.'iiilicr (lie |)ro(iii('c of itii ('iiin('<<, iiiui lihriirlcM (dllcl. MANdeflnod. /'A/A<. Plato liail delliied .tiaii lo lie a two IcLTMed aidnial. witlnait featli- vVH. DJonciK s |iliicked llie fealliers from a cock, and said. IJeliuld I'lato'sman! — 'I'vti.ku'h Himt., Hook ■:. ell. t», p. 27(». ;i;U»«J. MAN degoneratod. I'lis/n/fn/. \T\ inoiir llie Tarlar \ i.siled llie rnins of liaalliec. | of uhicli lie ascrilieil the conslriictioii lo demon.s aiai u'eiiii. not. iieine able to conceive Ihem liii man. |ilii'-l. MAN, Mission of. /*. The Stoics Relieved the universe lo he Ihe work of a . . . JJeinir wliijs(^ providenci^ conlinuall.v rei;ul:ites the whole, ... so as to produce the Lrrealesi, ])ossil)le siiin of ireneral f^ood ; so they reiiarded man as a prineipid instrument in tlie hand of (lod to accomplish thalirreat ])urpo.se. T\n\ Creator, therefore, . . . had .so framed the moral consti- tution of man, thai he Muds hisown chief ha])i)i- nes.s in promotint; thu welfare and happincKs of Ins fellow-creatures. In tlu; free! con-sent of iiniii to fidtil this end of his heiiiK, l»y accoiiiino- datiiitr his mind to the divine will, and llui.s eii- deavorini; to discliarue his pari in society with cheerful zeal, with perfect inleirrity, with inuidy resolutifin, and with an entire resiirnation to the decrees of Providence, lies Ihe sum and essence of his duty. — Tyti.ku'k Hist., Hook 2, ch. 9, p. 27fl. Jl3f)5. MAN, A monster, llomquirtc. [Mr. JeH'ersoii] has i;iveii his testimony airainsl the ciiaracter of Na|>oleoii : . ,. " If fie could seri- ously , and repeatedly atHrm tliat lie had rai.sed liimself to power without ever liavinir commit- ted a crime, it proves that he wanted totally the seu.se of riirlit and wroiiir. If he could consider the million of human lives that he had destroyed, or caused to lie destroyed ; tlie desolations of countries, by i)liuiderini,'s, burnings, and famine; tlic detlironemeut of lawful rulers of the world, ■witliouttlie consent of their conHtituenta, to place his brothers and sisters on their thnmes ; the cut- ting up of established .societies of men, and jum- bling them di.scordantly together at his caprice ; tiie demolition of the fairest hopes of mankind for the recovery of their rights and the ameliora- tion of their condition ; and all the numlierless train of his other enormities — tlie man, I say, who could consider all Ihese as no crimes, inunt liave been amoral monster, against whom every liatid should iiave been lifted to xlay him,"— t^I (>Ti;i) KII(*M 'I'l ( KKIIK " LlKK OK JkKKKII- hoN," I.N K.MoiiTH Kno., vol, M, di. 10, p. 170. n:iftO. MAN or a Mouse, A. linhnt .\f»rnM, of VUiliiiUljiUiii. I The lliiaiK iai helperof Washing- ton during the Uevolution afterward engaged in immense speculations, and was ruined.) Wash- inglon . , , remonstrated, observing ; " Vou am old ; you had better retire, rather llian engau'e in suche.Melislve concerns." Morris icplied, " \'our advice is proof of that wisdom and prudeiicu which govern all your words and actions ; but, my dear general, t can never do things In Iho small ; I miisl be lithif r. MAN, Origin of. \V,>i( ImlnniH. [.Seo No. :J7l)t). I They b(lie\('d that mankind issued from a . . . cavern, Ihe large men from a great aperture, the small men from a little cranny. They wcic for a lon.Lf limedesliluleof wnmen, but wiuidering on one occasion near a small lake, they saw certain .".iiimals among Ihe branches of the trees, whi
  • ; wine, anil niitiii^ Hiibrlrty as tlii' lii;;li('sl nf i|Ualltii'H when ilrscriiiini; any new |irii|)|i'. fir wan an allili'tc In early life iiilniiralilc in all manly fNcri'lMcs, ami cspci'lally In rldin^r. In (iaiil, an lian Ix'cn saiil alrcaily, lir roilc a rcinarkiilijc lidrnc, wlihli m: had l)rrd liinisclf, and wlii( li wniild let no one lint Cii'sar nionnt Idni. From IiIh boyhood it was oliHcrvcd of lilm that he wan the trncNlof I'ricnds, thai he avoided (piarrclH, and was most easily ajipeased when olTended. In iminner he was ipiiel and gentleman-like, with the natural courtesy of hi^,di lireedini,'. On an occasion when hi! was dining Honiewheri; the other ^nn:slH found the oil too rancid for them. Casar took it with out remark, to spiiro IiIh entertainer's feelin^fs. When on a journey thri)ii;,'h a forcNl with liis friend Opplus, luuanie om- ni^dit, loaliut where theru was II HiiiKle lied. Oiipins lieln^ unwell, ( 'ii'siir /tlept iiii the ground. — Finn DK'K C-KHAll, ch. '2M. :M0I. manhood deteriorated. Aurii'iit (inriY. \.\.i). !<«»(. I Corinth, Ar^'os, Hpiirlii, yielded without reMlMtance to the iirniH of the n. And yet, this running wild ainoim' the Ind- ians, sleeiiing on IIk! ground, chasing wild game, living in the forests, and reading Homer's Iliad withal, seemed a ])retty strange business, and people used to .say that Sam Houslon would either be a grea' Indian chief or die in a niad- hou.se, or be governor of the Slate — for it was very certain that some strange thing would over- take him ! — liKHTKll'H HolSTON, p. IS. 3405. MANHOOD, Honeet. Cnnmnll, Wo may have loo little ceremony as \vell as loo much. It does not matter much, but we do rather like our .servant to tap at our study door before coming in, although we do not carealiout her handing our letters on a silver salver. AVlieii andiassad()rscro\vded Cromwell's <'ourt from all the States of Europe, someof them, in deference to the usualities of royalty, desired to kiss his hand ; but, with manlv dignity, he retired back, two or three stejis higher, to his throne, bowed to the depiUation, and so closed the audience. A man, we see, who will not bate an inch of his nation's digniiy, nor wear more than his man- hood for his own. As he would not adopt tho designation, so he wotild not permit himself to ])lay at being i\ king. — lloou's C'hu.mwell, ch. 15, p. 109. 3406. MANHOOD, Model. Georpf Waxhington. His faculties were so well balanced and com- bined that his constitution, free from excess, was tempered evenly with all the elements of ac- tivity, and his mind resembled a well-organized commonwealth ; his passions, which had the in- tensest vigor, owned allegiance to reason ; and with all the fiery (luickne.ss of his spirit, his im- petuous and nuissivc will was held in check by consummate judgment. He had in his compc- 40'i MANIIDOD-MANKIND. fiilinll It Cllllll Ulll( ll ^'ItVl' llilll ill llllillll'llls (if lil),'lit".i.\ tVit llllir ill IiIm sii|ijM'rs, anil in tlic priiiic of his life was ratlirr sli'iKicr tliaii ollirrwisc, Imt as slrai>{lit us nil arniw. Mis form was well proiiortioiicil iihil «'vciily licvclopnl, so Hull III' cairiid Ills lalliicss irraccfiillv, anil IooImmI stril^iiiKly wrll on liorsc liaik. 'I'iicri' liiis nrvir licrii a iiiorr aclivc, sin «'\vy tlifiirc llian liis wlini lir was a yoiini; mail ; it was only in latiT lifr llial liis inoNt'incnts licniiiH' slow and (li;,'iiilU'(l. — ('Ycl.orKDlA oK lildii., p. 1). :MUM. manhood recognlied. AnnVnt Gir- imins. Civil jioviTiimi'iil^, in llirir (list insinu tion, lU't' vohinlary assoriations for miitiiui ilr- fi'nrc. 'i'o olilain llii' ilrsirrd end, it isahsohilr ly lU'ct'ssary that racli individnal slioiiiil conci'ivi' himself olili^r(.,| III sul>init his |irivat(' opinions and iii'lioiis lo llii' jiiduincnl of Ihi' Ltrratcr mini- hrr of his associali's. 'I'lie (iirman Irilirs wrro conlrnti'il Willi Iliis nidi' liul lilicnil onilini' of ])olitiral socii'ly. As soon as a youth, Imrn of free piuriils, had allainril llic aur of manhood, 111' was inlrodiii't'd inlo Ihc ;rrn<'ral I'oiiniii of his coiinlrymi'ii, soli'innly invi'slcd wiihashlrld and spiiir, and adopli'd as an cinial and worthy incmlirr of tlic inililarv ('ommonwvalth. — Giii- honV |{i).mk, ( h. 1), p. i(i4. 3'I00. . Ani'iiiit (lii'inmiH. Tin' povi'rnmciit of thi' Oi'rmanic nalions, where a vast luimlier of i' 'tached tribes were each under the coinmami '>f an independent chief, and tin; condition of individuals, whose almost constant occupalion was war, were a necessary cauHc of that exclusi"'(! ref^ard which was i>aid lo the pro- fession of arms, iit coniparison with which every other employment was esteemed meiui iiiid un- .imiiortant. It was customary in many nations that the first introduction of youth to "the occu- pations of manhood was attended with jjeculiiir ce'emonies and distinguished solemnity; and th IS, among the German nations, it was ex- tremely natural that the youth should Ik; intro- duced with particular ceremonies to that military nrofession in which he was to he engaged for life. The chief of the trllie, under wlio.'e ban- ner all his va.s.sals were to tight, bestowed, him- flelf, the sword and armor upon the \ 'nig sol- dier, as ti murk that, being conferred !; - him, they were to be used at his eomm. ti'i, and for his rurvice alone. — Tytleu's Hist., iiook 0, ch. 10, 1). KST. 34 1 0. M> NHOOD tested, Wlllinm of Ornnge. If his battles were not those of a great tactician, they entitled liim to be called a great man. No di.saster covild for one moment depriN— him of his firmness or of the entire po.s.session of all his faculties. . . . lie was proved by every test ; by war, by wounds, l)y painf\d and de|iressing mnl- ndies, by raging seas, by the imminent and con- stant risk of as.sassinatio'n, a risk which has shak- en very strong nerves, a risk which severely tried even the adamantine fortitude of Crom- well ; yet none could ever discover what that thing was which tlie Prince of Orange feared. His advisers could with dUHculty induce him to tiike any preeinitlon agiiiiist Ihe pislnls and .lag- gels of ciiiiHpiralors. Did Niiilors were ainii/ed at the I oiiiposure which he preserved amid roar- ing breakers mi a perilmiH coast. In liutlle IiIh bravery made lilin conspicuous even among teiiH of Ihousaiids of brave warriors, drew forth the generous applause of hoslile armies, and wim never i|neslioiieil even by the iiijlislice of himllle factions. During his tirsi campaigns heexposed himself like a man w ho sought for death ; wim always foremost In the charge and last in there- treat ; foiii;lil, Mword in liiind. in the thickest press : and with a musket ball in his arm and the blood slreamlng over his cuirass still stood his ground and wii\eil his hut under the holtesl lire.— M.\( Ai i.AVH K.Mi., ch. 7, p. 154. :ill1. MANIA, Popular. CninmhrH. (In1(mn| the pea 'ani shod his oxen like horses, and, yok- ing llieiii to a cart, migraled with his wife and children ; and llie children, wlieiie\er they ap- ii-oai'hed a town, arts ot Christian Kii- rojH'. . . . As Ihey passed through the pojiulous cities of (termany the spirit of fanatical haired . . . incited the multitude lo |iilliige and ina.ssa- ere the .Jews.— Knkiht'm Kno., vol. 1, ch. 10, p. 'i'ZH. »'llil. MANKIND diitruited. ('harhs H. wuh addicted beyond measure lo sensual indulgence, fond of sauntering and of frivolous amu.semeiits, incapable of .selfdenial and of exertion, without faith in human virtue or in human attachment, without desire of renown, and without sensibil- ity to rei>roacli AceoriUng to him, every per- son Wis to be bought. But some jx'ojjle hag- gled more about their price than others; and when this haggling was very obstinate; and very .skilftd, it was called by some tine name. The chief trick by which clever men kei)t up the price of their abilities was called integrity. The chief trick by which handsome women kept up thei)riee()f their beauty was called modesty. . . . Thinking thus of mankind, Charles niiturally cared very little what they thought of him. Hon- or and shame were scarcely more to him than light and darkness to the blind. — MACAtLAv'H Eng., ch. 2, p. 150. 3'II3. MANKIND, Inequality of. Fi(xmwl Ji>him»i. On his favorite subject of suliordina- tion, .John.son said : " So far is it from being true that men are nalurally eejual, that no two jieople can be half an hour togetlier but one shall ac- (juire an evident sijjieriority over the other." — Boswkll's Johnson, p. 142. 3414. MANKIND, Froaperity of. Age. If a man were called lo tix the period in the hi.story of the world during which the condition of the human race was most happy and i)rosperous, he wovdd, without hesitation, name that which elajwed from the death of Donutian to the acces- sion of Conmiodiis. The vast extent of the Ro- man Emi)ire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of virtue and wisdom. — Giu uon's Rome, ch. 3, p. 95. MANNKIlS-MAMFAi TIUKS. 40.1 ill 1.1. HANKERS, B.unt. lti,»i,n,n. Tlii> lililiilrii'Hx of In-t iiiitiiiiiri \mih ('\>'tii|ililli'i| In his i'l'li'linili'il aiiswiT III Ali'Miiiilcr ttic (inal, wliu, roinliii; In visit tlir iiliiinxniilicr, ami tlmiitiK' liiiii m'atnl ill his lull, lisl^i'ii it' lie ciniiii iln liliii any fiiviir, " ^'ch," smIiI liic iitlicr, " siaiid friiiii liciwciii inn iiiitl tlic «.mi." — 'rvTi.i;uM Mist,, M'xili -i. v\\. it, |) •.Tl. :ill"/'.'/' /■!>.'' Ih, (J>i„ fill-. .\ 1). Hint. Alioiit two years and a half from the day w lien Cromwell wfiit on his knees to kiss Hie hand of the voiiiig boy who was Duke of York, tlie Lord, wdo sent ("jeorge Kox into Iheworlil, forbade him to put otf Ids hat to any, high or low, and he was reipiired to ///(/ and • "t all men and women, w ilhoiit any respect to i h or poor, lo great or miiiiII. — ll.\.N( imi'r's I'. S., vol. 2. ch. 1(1. 3 l*J I. MANNERS, Unrefined. John.son. lie observed ; " The great in Kriivee live very mag niticeiitly. but llie rest very miseralily. There is no happy middle state, as in Knglaml. The shops of I'aris arc mean ; the meat in the mar- kets is such as would be sent lo a jail in Kng- laml ; and Mr. Tlirale jiistiv observeil that the cookery of the French was forced upon them by necessity ; for they could not eat llieir meat, un- less they added same taste to it. Tin Freiicli are an indelicate people ; they will spit upon any place. At iMadaniu 's, a literary lady of rank, the footman took the sugar in his lingers, and threw it into my cotTee. I was going to put it aside : lait hearing it was made on pvu'pose for me, I e'eii tasted Tom's tingers. The same lady would needs make tea a i'Ani/liiiiie. The sixait of the teiijiot did not pour freely ; she bade the footman i)low into it." — IJoswkm "s Johnssun, p. 2M. 34'Ja. MANNERS, Urbane. (%irl,H TI. The moriung light began to peep through the win- dows of Whitehall, and ('harles desired the at- tendants to pull aside the curtains, that he might have oiu! more look at the day. IIi remarked that it was time to wind \i\\ a clock which stood near his bed. These little circumstances were long remembered, because they |)roved beyond dispute that, when he (hulared him.self a Hoinan Catholic, ho was in full pos.session of his facul ties. He apologized to those who had stood roiuid him all night for the trouble which he had cansed. He hacl been, he .s.iid, a most uncon- scionable time dyii\g, but he hoped that they would excuse it. This was the last glimpse of that e.X(piisit(! urbanity, so often found potent to charm away the resentment of a justly incensed nation. — M.\cali.ay'.s Eno., oh. 4, p. 408. 3423. MANUFACTURES, Exhibition ol. Bos- ton Common, a.d. 1754. At Boston a society was formed for promoting domestic mamifact- ures ; on one of its anniversaries three hundred young women appeared on the common, clad in homespun, seated in a triple row, each with a spinning-wheel, and each busily transferriug tlie 40-4 -MANLFACTIRES— MAIliaAGK flux from tho distaff to the spool. — Bancrokt's U. S., vol. 4, th. 4. 34ill. MANUFACTURES fostered. FlniiMi. Al'lLT the estiililisliMUMit of tiic ltciU mart of UriiiTcs, the FlcininjfH hcjriiii to apply llicir whole industry to the eslai)llvhnient of maiuifactiircs, mid Baldwin, Ihc j'oun;^ (,'onnt of Flanders, eii- <:oiiraired this si>irit by ()estowiu,>( [)rivilfires and iinniunitius nn the nierehant.s an(l nianufaclur- crs. His successors, however, i)ossessed a very different spirit ; tlu^y recalled these immunities ; and the eonse(|U(;iic(; was, that the niainifaetur- ers left Flantlers and .setlleil in Hi'ahant, where the dukes of that i)i'ovinee slK.ved them for some time all manner of favor. Tliis, however, did not long continue. The revocation of their immunities, by some impolitic, sovereiirns of tliat province, banished tmde and manufactures from Urabant, as it had done from Flanders. — TvTi.Eit's HrsT., Book 6, eh. 17, p. 262. 3125. MANUFACTURES, Monopoly in. Jfaf- icrs. In the land of furs it was found that hats were well made ; the Ijoiidon company of hat- ters remonstrated ; and their craft was protected l)y an act forbiddini? hats to he transjiorted from one i>lantation to anotlier. . . . " None of the ])lantations should nuinufacture iron Avares of any kind whatsoever ;" and the house of jx'ers added a clause prohibiting every "forge gf>ing l)y water for making bar or roil iron." — B.^x- croft'w U. S. 3 1*6. MANUFACTURES restricted. Jim/n of Ch((rl('H II. As early as the reign of Eli/abefh there had l)een loud complaints that whole for- ests were cut down for tiie puqiose of feeding the furnaces, and the Parliament had interfered to prohibit the manufacturers from burning timber. The manufacture consecpiently lan- fnished. At the close of the reign of Charles I. great jiart of the iron which was used in tlie country was imported from a))road. — M.\- CAiJL.w's E.NO., ch. 8, p. 296. 3-127. MARCHING, Prodigious. Spartans. Af- ter the battle Iiad been fought [at ^Marathon], hut Avhile the dead bodies were yet on the pround, the promise-d re-enforcement from Spar- ta arrived. Two thousand Lacediemonian spearmen, starting immediately after the full moon, had marched the hundred and fifty miles between Atlier.s and Sparta in tlie Avonderfully sliort time of three days. Though too late to share in the glory of tlie action, they requested to be allowed to inarch to the battle-field to he- hold the Medes. They proceeded thither, gazed on the dead bodies of the invaders, ami then, praising the Athenians and wliat they had done, they returned to Laceda>mon. — Decisive Bat- tles, ^ 4«. 342§. MARINER, Famous. Discover)/ of Amer- ica. The enterprise of Columbus, the most mem- orable maritime enterpri.se in the history of the ■world, formed between Europe and America tlie communication which will never cease. — JJakchoft's Hist, of U. S., ch. 1. 34iS9. MARINERS, Cautious. Portufiuese. Till the middle oi the fifteenth century none of the aationsof Europe had ventured to sail out of the eight of tlieir coasts. Their vessels were tiat-bot- tomed and extremelj' shallow ; and as they fol- lowed in their navigation every turning of the coast, which exposed them continually to shifting and contrary winds, it was not unusual that a voyage, which would now 1h' i)erf(ir:iied in a few mo iths, lasted at that time four or five viars. We have already remarked the very limited knowledge which the Greeks and Komans pos- sessed of the habitable globe. The Eastern Ocean was known only byname, and the Atlan- tic scarcely attempted out of tlw siglit of the coast of Euroiie. It was sui>posed that all to the west was an immense extent of ocean. — TvTT.i:n's Hist., Book 0, ch. IH, p. 266. 3'I30. MARKSMAN, Royal. Coinmoilns. The Emperor Coinniodus. elated with i>raise which gradually extingiiisheil the innate .sense of shame, resolved to exhibit bc'fore theeyesof the I{oman jieople those exercises which till then he had decently confined within the walls of his jialaee, and to the presence of a few favorites. On the appointed day tlie various motives fif tlattery, fear, and curiosity attracted to the amphithe- I atre an iiinumerafile multitude of spectators ; and some degree of api)lause was deservedly he- stowed on the uncommon skill of the imiH-rial performer. Whether he aimed at the head or heart of the animal, the wound was alike certain and mortal. With arrows whose i>oiiit wa.s shaped info the form of a crescent. C;.nmodus often intercepted the rapid career, and cut asun- der the long, bony neck of the ostrich. A {>an- ther was let loose ; and the archer waited till he had leaped ujxm a trembling malefiictor. In the same instant the .shaft flew, tlu; beast dropped dead, and the man nmiained unhurt. The dens of the ampliitheatre di.sgorged at once a hundred lions ; a hundred darts from the unerring liand of Commodus laid them dead as tli<'y ran rag- ing around the Arena. Neither the liuge liulk of the elephant nor the scaly liide of the rhi- noceros could defend them from his stroke. ./Ethiopia and India yielded their most extnior- dinary productions ; and several animals were slain in the ami)hitheatre, which liad bevn seen only in the reiiresentations of art, or perhaps of fancy. In all these exhibitions the securest precautions were used to protect the person of the Koman Hercules from the desperate spring of any savage, who might possibly' disreganl the dignity of the enii)eror and the sanctity of the god.— Gib'")n's Ko.me, ch. 4, p. IIH. 3431. MARRIAGE, Ceremony of. From (he Romans. Our marriage ceremonies are all Ro- man — the ring, the veil, the wedding gifts, the groomsman and bridesmaids, the bride-cake. — Knight's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 3, p. 49. 3433. MARRIAGE cheap. Ale.rander Keith. [The liev. Alexander Keith, scK)n after the pas- sage of the Marriage act, liad the reputation of marrying vorj' cheap.] Many came to Ik? married when they liad half a crown in their pockets and sixpence to buy a pot of beer, and for which they had pawned some of their clotlies. . . . Hi.s motto was, "Happy is the wooing thiit is not long a-doing." . . .Six thousand a year were married at his chapel. — Knight's Eng., vol. 6, ch. 12, J). 194. 3433. MARRIAGE, Choice in. SeimuelJohn- soii, Boswem, : " IVay, sir, do you not sup- pose that there are tifty women in the world, with r.iiy one of whom a man may be as happy, a' \ith any one woman in particular?" .loiiN- MAHHIAGE. 405 «(>N : "Ay, sir, fifty fliousaiul." Hohwem, : " Then, sir. you arc not of opinion witli sonic wild iniiiiiinc tlnil ccrlaiu men and certain wom- en are made for eacli otlicr, and tliat tlicy can- not l)c liai)iiy if they niis.s their counteri)arls." JoUNHoN : "To 1h! sure not, sir 1 believe .iiar- riapes would in j;eneral be as hap]!)', and often more so. if they were all made by the Lord Chancellor, upon a due conKideration of the characters and circumstances, widiout the]tarlies Jiavinir any choice in the niatter." — JJIi a How- ard. In liis twi'iity-tiftli year liuliail a long anil dangerous illness. When he was first seized he was living in lodgings near Jjondon, where he fnneied lio was not treated with the attention Ins case demanded. He conse(juently removed to the house of a widow, wlio was herself a ennlirmed iiivaliil, and tifty-two jears of age. This ladv, who pos.ses.sed a small independence, nui>ed him during many months with sucli ten- der care that he felt toward her an unbounded gratitude, and u])on his recovery he olFered her his hand. . . . This singular marriagt; between ii man of twenty-ti ve and a woman of tifty-two was productive, as Howard always averrecf, (if noth- ing but hai)i)iness. After two years and a half of trancpiil felicity the lady died. — Cyci.oi'Kuia OK Bi()(i., p. !}!}. 34*16. MARRIAGE, A forced. Princem Anne. [In 1490 .>[a.\imilian, King of the l?oniaiis, want- ed the Princess Anne, the rich lieiressof Francis, and with her the duchy of Brittany ; and sIk? entered into a contract of marriage with him.] Charles of France now jiut forth his i)retensions to the liand of the lady. The contract was void, lie said, becau.se Brittany was a lief of France, and the lord could confrol the marriage of an Jieire.ss who was his va.ssal. The argument was .sujiported by the emphatic presence of a French army ; the princess, who resisted till resistance was no longer po.ssible, was forced into a mar- riage which she hated and into tlie conclusion of a treaty whidi placed the province, so long independent, under French rule. — Knkuit's E.NG., vol. 2, ch. 18, p. 217. 3447. MARRIAGE, A fortunate. John Adtmn. He was admitted to the bar, and, returning to Jiis father's house, endeavored to set up in the practice of liis profession. His father lived then at Braintrec, a small and obscure town fourteen miles from Boston, where there wa.s very little chance for a young lawyer. For some years his gains were small and his anxieties severe. It was not until after his father's death that his circum- stances were alleviated, and he was enabled to marry. His marriage was one of the most fort- unate ever contracted in tliis world ; for not only was the lady one of the most amiable and accomplislied of women, but, being a member of a numerous and influential family, she brought to her husband a great increase of business. He was then twenty-nine years of age. — Cyclope- dia OF Bioo., p. 175. 344§. MARRIAGE, Happy. Pder Cooper. In 1814, before the war ended, he contracted that ex- quisite marriage wliich gave him lifty-flve years of domestic happiness, as complete, as unalloyed, as mortals can ever hope to enjoy. It is believed !)}• members of his family that during that long perio'' of time there was never an act done or a word spoken by either of them which gave pain to the other. They began their married life on a luimble scale indeed. AVhen a cradle became necessary, and he was called upon to rock it oftener tl«in was convenient, he invented a self- rocking cradle, with a fan attachment, which he patented, and sold the patent for u small sum. — Cycloi'edi.v of Biog., p. 572. 3149. MARRIAGE in Heaven. Sicedenhorg. Bwedenborg, in his treatise on Conjugal Love, lirst speaks of marriages iu heaven, lie shows that a man lives a man after death, and that a woman lives a woman ; and since it was ordained from creation that the woman should be for tho man, and the man for the woman, and thus that each should be the other's, and since that lovo is innate in both, it follows tiiat there are mar- riages in heaven as well as on earth. !Marriagw in tlie heavens is the conjunction of two into one mind. The mind of man consists of two [larts, the understanding and the will. When these two jiarts act in unity, tliey are called one mind. Tho understanding is jiredominant in man, and tho will in woman ; but .n tlie marriage of minds there 's no predominance, for the will of the wife becomes also the will of the husband, and the understanding of the husband is also that of the wife ; because each loves to will and to think as the other wills and thinks, and thus they will and thi'.k iiiutuallj' and reci])rocally. Hence their conjunction ; so that in heaven two mar- ried partners are ;iot called two, but one angel. — White's Swedknuokc!, ch. 22, p. lUl. 3450. MARRIAGE, Ill-chosen. Catherine of liiiKsiii. [She was the daughter of a German lirince, and married Peter, a dissipated, vulgar, cowardly Russian jirinccj On arriving at JIos- cow, in her fifteenth year, she was presented to her future husband, and, it is said, conceived for him so jirofound a disgust that she fell sick, and was unable to reappear in public for several weeks. She submitted, however, to \- "• fate, and, after being baptized into the '!;•"< I '" vch under filename of Catherine, slv v.ab jnarried to the imperial prince — he lieingj-Lventeen years of age, and she sixteen. Seldom has there been a more ill-assorted union. Catherine was bora to command, Peter was born to serve. Slio was a young lady of wit, information, and good breeding ; he knew no pleasures beyond those which lie could enjoy in ccmimon with the be- sotted otticers of the Imperial Guard. — Cyclo- I'EDiA OF Biog., p. 403. 3451. MARRIAGE, 111 mated second. Loui, n\ that his daughter should be married to so ..ild and worthless a man as Burns ; compulsion of his daughter to give up Burns, and to destroy the document which vouched their marriage ; Burns' despair driving him to tho verge of insanity ; tho letting loose by the Armours of th» terrors of the law against him ; his skulking for a time in concealment ; his resolve to emigrate to the West Indies, and become a slave-driver. . . . In September of tho same year Jean Armour became the mother of twin children. — Siiaikp's Blkns, ch. 1. 3459. MARBIAOE, Kingdom for. Ea(ly money was paid away — £3(K)0. Next went tlie bank si ock and fishery shares— £1 000 more. Then, £1500 wort h of tijulRT was cut from the estate and sold. Ne.xt, £8000 were raised by a mortgage on the estat«', and all i)aid to creditors. Finally, when they had been married less than two years, the <'state was sold, and all the money which it yielded was poured into the bottomless pit of Captain Byron's debts, except a, small sum ue- cessarv to secure Mrs. Bj'ron the annual pittance named above. "When he had wrung from her all that she i)ossessed, and even made away with jiart of her little annuity, he abandoned her and went off to the continent, leaving to her care their only son, a boy three years of age. . . . She loved him to the last. — Cvclopkuia ok Biou., p. 290. 3466. . CJdvalry. The old days were passed, when the kiught knelt at the feet of his lady-love, and went forth to the tourna- ment to challenge men to produce her equal in beaut}' and virtue. The knight now ascertained what portion the lady's father woidd give, and he bargained for the uttermost crown. The mother made no hesitation in speaking boldlj' to a powerful jierson for a daughter, " to get for her one good marriaire if he knew any." [a.d. 14.-j(M485.]— Kmght's Enu., vol. '2, ch. 8. p. 123. 3407. MARRIAGE without Money. Tlifmis- todcK. Two citizens ('ourtiug his daughter, he preferred tlu; worthy nuui to the rich one, and as.signed this reason — he had rather she should nave a man without money than money without a man. — PuTAiuir's Cickuo. 346§. MARRIAGE, Morals in. Humvel Johv- son. " In religion men and women do not con- c(!rn them.selves nmch about difference of opin- ion ; and ladies set no value on the moral character of men who pay their addresses to them ; the greatest profligate will be as well received as the man of the greatest virtue, and this by a very good woman, by a woman who says her jmiyers three times a day." Our ladies endeavored to defend their sex from this charge. MARRIAGE. 409 but he roiired them dowa. " No, no ; a lady will take Joimtlmii Wild uh readily aa St. A\i.stiii, if lie hius three-iH'nco more ; iind, what is worse, her parents will give her to him. Women have a periM!timl envy of our vices ; they are less vicioiirt tliiin we, not from ehoice, bnt because we restrict thcni ; tliey are the slaves of order and fashion ; their virtue is of more consetjuence to iifl than our own, so far as concerns thia world." — Bowwkj.l's Johnson, p. 522. 34(19. . Needful. When a propo- .sal was made to Oliver Cromwell that Charles [II.] should marry his dauffhter, the l-h-otector objected his " d«'l)auched life" as an insuiwra- ble ditticulty. — Kniuht's Eng., vol. 4, eh. 14, p. 2;n. 3470. MARRIAGE, Kame by. Charles IT. Charles, wiiile a wanderer on the Continent, had fallen in at the Hague with Lucy Walters, a Welsh girl of great beauty, but of weak undcr- .standing and dissolute manners. She became his mistress, and presented him with a son. A sTispicious lover might have had his doubts ; for the lady had several adnnrers, and was not sup- posed to l)e cruel to any. Charles, however, readily took her word, and poured forth on little .lames Crofts, as the boy was tlien called, an overflowing fondness, such as seemed hardly to belong to that easy but cool and careless nature. Socm after the Restoration the young favorite, who had learned in France tlie exercises then considered necessary to a line gentleman, made his appearance at Whitehall, lie was lodgcnl in the palace, attended by pages, and permitted to enjoy several distinctions which had till then been conlined to princes of tlie blood royal. He was married, while still in tender j^outh, to Anne Scott, heiress of the noble house of Buccleuch. He took her name, and received with her hand E)ssession of her ample domains. — Macaulay's NG.. ch. 2, p. 233. 3471. MARRIAGE, Promoted by. By Govern- ment. Majorian, the liomau emperor, conceived that it was his interest to increase the number of his subjects, and that it was his duty to guard the purity of the marriage-l)ed ; but the means which he employed to accomplisli these salutary pur- poses are of an ambiguous and i)erhaps excep- tionable kind. The i^ious maitls, whocon.secrate'E'8 Tl'kkey, p. «4. 3473. MARRIAGE by Proxy. Anneof ffrittn- ny. The yoimg duchess, . . . besieged by contend- ing sintors for her hand, was at length induced, by the counsels of l)unois,to favor tin? pretensions of Maxinulian of Austria; and a marriage b('- tween them was secretly solenmized by proxy in the summer of 1400, all forms being carefully ot)Herved on the occasion which could tend to make the contract binding and irrevocable. — Sti'dents' Fuance, ch. 12, § 13. 3jy.|. . Pt-inre ArtJiin: In 1490, when [Pinnce] Arthur had reached his twelfth year, tli«' marriag(! ceremony was performe.] Her impatience of long and hopeless celilMicy urged her to embrace a strange and desjierate resolution. The name of Attilu was familiar and fornudable at (Jonstan- tiuople ; and his fre(juent embassies enterfaine*! a perpetual intercourse between his cam]) and the imperial palace. In the pursint of love, or rather of revenge, the daughter of Placidia sac- riticwl every duty and every prejudice, and of- fered to deliver her person into the arms of a barbarian, of whose language she was ignorant, whose figure was scarcely lumian, and whose religion and manners she abhorred. By the min- istry of a faithful eunuch she transmitted to At- tila a ring, the pledge of her affetlion, and earnestly conjured him to claim her as a lawfid spouse, "to whom he had been .secretly betroth- ed. These indecent advances were received, however, with coldness and disdain. — Gibboks Ro.ME, ch. 35, p. 431. 3477. MARRIAGE of Relatives. MuhJle Ages. The subserviency of . . . [liobert II.] to the domi- neering spirit of the popedom had its natural ef- fect in exciting the holy fathers to further exer- cises of authority. Robert had been exconunu- nicated for marrying his relation ; and his.graud- son, Philip I., was excommunicated for rlivorc- ing a lady who was his relation, to make waj' for a mistress. Of all the sui)erstilions of these times, it was not the least prejudicial to the wel- fare of States that the marriage of relations, even to the seventh degree, was prohibited by the Church. Henry, the father of Philip I. of France, to whom almost all the sovereigns of Euroix; were related, was obliged to seek a wife from the barbarous cmjiin^ of Russia. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 7, p. 123. 347S. MARRIAGE repeated. Julius Camr. It is characteristic of the manners of the age that Julius Ca'sar had married four times, Augustus thrice, Tiberius twice. Gains thrice, Claudius six times, and Nero thrice. Yet Nero was the last 410 MARRIAGE, of the Ciraars, even of the adoptive line. No (ie.scend«nt,s hud Hurvived of tlio ofTspriii/f of so many unions, and, as Merivaie sa^s, " u large [)roporti()n, which it would he tedious to culcu- ate, were the victims of domestic iealousv and jtolitic assassination." — F.vuuau's Laiily Days, ch. 1, p. 13. 3479. HARBIAOE, Repetition of. ContUmmd. The primitive ideas of tlie merit and holiness of celibacy were preached hv tlie monks and en- tertained by tlic Gre(!ks. Marriage wius allowed as a necessary means for the projjagation of man- kind ; after the death of either ^)arty the sur- vivor might .satisfy, by nueroiid union, the weak- ness or the strength of the Hesh ; but a third marriage was censured as a state of legal forni- cation ; and n fourth was a sin or a .scamlal as yet unknown to the Christians of the East. — Giu- bon's Rome, ch. 48, p. (502. 34§0. MABRIAOE, 'Roma.ntio.Gnri/ialdi.Onco, when in a melancholy mood, after seeing six- teen of his beloved Italian comrades perish by shipwreck, he thought to relieve his sadness by marrying. Ho caught sight in a window of a graceful female form, lie knew not who she was, nor to what family she belonged ; but something t./ul him that slu; was the destined woman. A friend introduced him that very day, and ere many weeks had rolled by he was her husband. In many a rough campaign she marched by his side ; on many a voyage she shared his cabin ; and she died, at last, of fa- tigue and exjiosure in Italy, leaving three chil- dren to mourn her loss. The great, soft-hearted Garii)al(li has ever since reproached himself bit- terly for having taken her away from her safe and hap])y home to share the lot of a soldier of liberty. Over her dead body, he says, he prayed for forgiveness for the sm of taking her from liome. She, however, had never rei)incd, but really seemed to enjoy the life of battle and adventure which herhusbanil led. — Cycloi'KDIA OF Bi6(j., p. 495. 3I§1. MARRIAGE, Second. SmntidJohiiaon. A gentleman who had been very unhappy in marriage married immediately after his wife died. Johnson said [to Dr. Maxwell] it was the triumph of hojie over experience. — Boswell's JoiiNsox, p. 177. 34§3. . Samuel, TohiiHoii. When I censured a gentleman of my acquaintance for marrying a second time, as it showed a disregard of his first wife, he said, " Not at all, sir. On the contrary, were he not to marry again, it might be concluded that his first wife ha. The Russians, who liavt; liorrowed frr)m the Greeks the greatest part of their civil and eccle- siastical policy, preserved, till the last century, a .singular institution in IIk! marriage of the Czar. They collected, not the virgins of every rank and of every province — a vain aiirineipal no- bles, who awaited in the jialace the choice of their sovereign. It is afflrmed that a similar method was adopted in the nujitials of Theophi- lus. With a golden apple in his hand, he slowly walked between two lines of contending l)eau- ties ; his eye was detained by the charms of Icasia, and in the awkwardness of a first decla- ration, the prince could only ob.serve that, in this world, women had been the cau.se of much evil. "And surely, sir," she pertly replied, " they have likewi.se been the occasion of much good." This affectation of un.sea.sonable wit (li.splea.sed the imperial lover ; he turned a.side in di.sgust ; Icasia concealed her mortification in a convent ; and the modest .silence of Theodora was rewarded with the golden apple. — Gibbon's Ro.ME, ch. 48, p. 594. 34§6. MARRIAGE, Sensational. Luther. The wedding ceremony took place in the custo- mary manner. Bugenhagen pronounced them man and wife, and added God's blessing. The wedding-rings of Luther and Catharine, the gift of a friend, have been preserved in the Museum of Brunswick. They are artistically made, and bear the inscription, " AVhat God hath joined together, let nf)t man put asunder." ... In a fortnight thereafter the usual wedding festivities were lield, to which Luther invited his parents and friends. From the imiversity liUther re- ceived a finely engraved silver tankard, now in p niiin- l)or, were troubk'd about bis act. — Rein's Lu- TUEii, cb. 15, p. I'M. 34S7. MABBIAOE, A splendid. Priurf I{,i- wrt. In l(U3tlu! inarriaiff of Eli/.iibclb of Kni^- lan(l, tlio diiiif(btfr of Janios I., was solciimizcd, in bcr sixtticnlb year, witli llio Pruicc Palatine, tbc Elector of Hoiieniia. If wo niiiy j\id,i;i' from conleniporaneoiis elironicles, tbc beauty of tliis only surviving sister of (Jbarles was sinjiidar ; hIh! was called tbo " Pearl of Uritain" and tbe " Queen of lI(;artH ;" Avbile tbe cbarniing sym- metry of lier form and features are said to bave been enbanced by tlm cx(iuisile play of soft ex- l)ression over lier face. It bas been said tbat iiistory t)orrows tiic colors of romance wben sbe ])aintH tbis fair young princess on tbe morning of ber marriage, as sbe passed along to tiu' cbapel over a gallery rai'^'il for tbe i)urpose, glowing in all tbe ligbts ol loveliness and maj- esty, arrayed in wbite, ber ricb dark bair falling over ber sbouldcrs, and on lier bead a crown of pure gold ; one band locked in tbat of ber i)r()tber diaries, and tbe otlier leaning on tbe arm of tbe old Earl of Nortliamptf)n ; ber train of noble bridesmaids followed on ber steps. Jt is said tbat England bad never seen tbe e(iual to tbe sumptuous siilendor of tbis marriage ; tbe bravery and ricbeswere incoiuparable, tlu; gold, tbe silver, tbc pearls, tbc diamonds and every variety of jewels. Tbc king's, queen's, and prince's jewels were valued alone at £900,000 sterling. Tlien came magniticent nuiscpies, and tbc mock tlglit upon tbe Tbames ; and tben some gay mascpic reprc^senting tbe marriage of tbc Tbames and tbe iibinc ; and at nigbt fire- "work.s ))lazing over London. For tbe niarriagc; ■was very jtopular, and was sup])osed to be a good omen for tbe cause of Protestantism. — lloon's C'KOMWKi.i., cb. 9, p. 128. 34§g. MAREIAGE, Surprise by. Jofui Mi'I/on. In tbc early part of tbc summer of 1048 Milton took a sudden journey into tbe country, " no- T)ody about liim certamly knowing tbe reason, or tbat it was any more tlian a journey of reeiv- ation." lie was adsent about am()nlb,'and wben be returned be brougbt back a wife witb liim. Nor was tbe bride alone. Sbe was attended " by some few of ber nearest relations," and tbere was feasting and celebration of tbe nui)tials in tbe bouse in Aldersgate Street. . . . Milton, witb | u poet's want of caution, or indifference to ' money, and witb a lofty masculine disregard of tbe tem]ier and cbaracter of tbe girl be asked to sbare bis life, came bomc witb bis bride in tri- imipli, and beld feasting in celebration of bis basty and ill-considered cboice. It was a be- i ginning of sorrows to liim. — Milton, ijy M. ( Pattison, cb. 5. 34§9. MARRIAGE, Uncertain. Iibidam,"sbe said at last, " I may not call you, and mistress I am loath to call you ; however, I tbank you for your good cheer.'* — llinr. ok Eno. Pkoi'iIe, 5; 70;{. :i4f»0. MARRIAGE, Unendurable, .hhn Mil- ton. In bis tbirly-tiftb year, just as tbe civil war Avas actually beginning, be went into tbe country, telling iio one the object of tbe jour- ney. A moiitli after be returned home a mar- ried man, bringing his wife with him. Sbe was a good enough country girl, tbe daughter of an old friend of Alilton's father, but as unsuitable a wife for Jobn jSIilton a> any woman in Eng- land. She was rather stupid, very ignorant, fond of i)l('asure, accustomed to go to country balls and dance with gay young ollicers, ^lil- ton wasa gia\e, austere student, absorbed in the weightiest ])ul)lic topics, and living oidy in his books and in bis thoughts. Tbe jioor girl found hisbor r so intolerably dull, tbat, after a sliort trial ol it, sbe asked 'cave to go home for a siiort visit, and, being at home, sbe ixisitively refused to go back, lie was not less disgusted with ber ; and bis stilTcrings leading him to study tbe great (piestions of niarriag ■ and divorce, lu; came to the conclusion tbat divorce ougbt to be about as free and about as easy as marriage. He j)ul)lisbed divers panii)blets on tbis subject, tbe substance of which is tbis : tbat wben man and wife, after a fair and full trial, find tbev cannot live together .a jicace, and holli deliberately clioosc to sei)ai'ale, there ought to be no legal olistaclc to their doing so, provided always tbat ])ropcr jirovisioii be made for tbe sujiport and education (jf tbe children. — C'Yt i.oi'KUi.v ok Uioo., J). 170. 3491. MARRIAGE, Unequal, ^^imnid John- fi'>ii. A young lady, who bad married a man much ber inferior in rank, being mentioned, a (|ueslioii arose bow a woman's relations should behave to her in such a .situation. ... 1 con- tended that she ouulit to be treated with an in- llexible steadiness of dis])leasure. . . . Johnson : " JIadam, we must distinguish. Were I a man of rank, I would not let a daughter starve who had made a mean nnirriage ; but baying volun- tarily degraded herself from tiie station which she was originally entitled to hold, I would sup- port her only in tbat which .she hcself bad clio- .sen, and would not ])Ut her on a level witb my other daughters. You are to consider, madam, that it is our duty to maintain tbe subordination of civilized society ; and when tbere is a gross and shameful deviation from rank, it should be l)unislied so as to deter others from tlie same perversion." — Uoswki.l's Joiinj^on, p. 241. 3492. MARRIAGE, Unfit for. SninidJohn- so7i. ^larriage is tbe best state for man in gen- eral ; and every man is a worse man in propor- tion as he is unfit for the married state. — Bos- wkll's Johnson, p. 282. 3493. MARRIAGE, Unhappy. Shakespenre. Now we come to tlie great calamity of Shake- speare's life. One of bis father's friends was Richard HatliaAvay, a substantial farmer near Stratford, who had a daughter, Anne, eight years older than Shakespeare. When he was a l)oy of eighteen and she a woman of twenty-six 412 MAHlUAOK-MAHTVIt. thi'y were nmrricd ; and five nuuith.M iiflcr llicir tirst child wit-i l)i)i'ii. No one wlio iitiH iiiiicli kiiowlcdj,^!' (if liuiimn iiMliirc iiccils any evidence that such a nianiai:" was a ceaseless misery and ttlianie to liini as U>u^ as lie lived. 'I'he inaiiy ])as.sai;es of his woriis in which unl'avoralile views are iriven of the female charai.'ter reveal the nielancholv Iriilh. 'I'lnt ill-slarred couple liad three children, .Susamia, Haninel, and Judith, all of wliom were horn lii'fon! Ilie father was tweiilvone — the two last-named beim; twins. . . . 'I'here is a ^xmI rea.sou to believt! that from his tweiity-llrst year he had never been a hus- liand to his wile, and really had no lu)me. — C'VCl.OflCUIA (IK HlOd., p. ^7. 3'I9J. MARRIAGE, Uniafe. ^f wlien he lield the baby in his arms at the altar ; he was a rising naval officer when, to the name altar, Ik^ led the blooniinj^ briile. — C'vci.o- I'EDIA OF JJioo., p. UHO. 3'l«>«. MARRIAGE, A wicked. Mnry Queen of Seats. [Hothwell assassinated Darnley, her husband. Hee Xo. 2188.] She only refused Hoth- "vvoll one tlung — tlie tutelage anil guardianshi]) of her son, who was kept at iStirling. Violent and noisy quarrels took place about tliis at lloly- rnod, even on tho evening lieforo the marriage of the widow and her husband's a.ssa.s.sin. The French ambassador heard the turmoil. Both- well insisted, and the (jiieen, determined to re- sist, called loudly for a dagger wherewith to kill herself. " On the day after tho ceremony," ■writes tho ambassador, " I perceived strange clouds on the countenances both of tho queen and her husband, which she tried to excuse, .say- ing that if I saw her sad it was because she had no reason to rejoice, desiring nothing but death." — LaMAUTIXK's MaHY Ql'HKN OF ScoTs, p. 30. 3497. MARRIAGE, A worthy. John Ada, n». A few days after .John .Vdams had been pre- sented to George III. and (^ueen Charlotte, his wife and daughter wer(^ obliged, by the estab- lished eli(|uette, to take ])art in a similar cere- mony. Mr. Adams luid an advantage over al- most all tho revolutionary fathers in possessing a wife who was fully his etjual in understantl- ing. The wives of Washington and Franklin were most estimable ladies, but thoy had no intellectual tastes, and would hardly have held their ground in a conversation upon literature or science. ]SIrs. Adams, however, -vvas really a very superior woman. Besides having an ample share of Yankee .sense and shrewdness, besides being an excellent manager and housckeeiier, she was fond of books, poHwsM'd considendih) knowledge, and wrote letters (juite as sprightly and ( ntertaining, and much more sensible and instructive, than those of Aladame de Sevigno or Lady .Mary Worthy Alontagu, who an! so fa- mous for tlieir letters. When we read her ex- cellent eiiistlcs, we can hardly believe, what is nevertheless true, that she was lM)rn and bred In a country |)arsonag(! in New England, and never went to school one day in her life. !Sh(! owed her excellent education wholly to her parents and relations, and to her own remarkable (piick- ness of mind. — Cyci.oi'kuia of JJioo., p. 180. 3498. MARRIAGES, Mixed, liomanit. A Inst regard to tin; purity of descent preserves the, har- mony of public and private! life ; but tin; niixturo of idreign blood is the fruitful .source of disorder and discord. Such had ever been the opinion and practice of the sage Itomans ; their juris- |)rndeiK;e pro.scribed the marriage of a citizen and a stranger ; in the days of freedom and virtue a .senator Would have scorned to match his daugh- ter with a king ; tho glory of iMark Antony was sullied by an r^gyptian wife; and tho Emperor Titus was coni|)elled, by populur censurt', to dismiss, with reluctance, the reluctant Berenice. This perpetual interdict was ratitied by the fab- ulous Kiuiction of tho great Conslantine. — Giu- uon's Uo.mk, ch. 51, p. 359. 3199. MARRIAGES, Roman. CiiitiomH. Ex- j)erience hns proved that savages are the tyrants of the female sex, and that the condition of woman is usually .softened by theretinements of social life. In the hope of a robust jirogeny, Lycurgus had delayed the season of marriage ; it was fixed by Nunia at the tender age of twelve years, that the Boman husband might educate to his w ill a ptire and obedient virgin. According to tho custom of anti(iinty, he liought his brido of her i)arents, and she fulfilled the cm'niption by ]nirchasing, with three pieces of (()pi)er, a just introduction to his house and liousehold deities. A sacrifice of fruits was offered by the ]M)ntiffs in the ])re,scnceof ton witnesses ; the contracting parties were seated on thesaniosheeivskin ; they tasted a .salt cak(! af fir or rice ; and ihiseonftr- iriition, which denoted the ancient food of Ital}', serv(.'(l as an emblem of their mystic union of mind and body. But this union on the side of tho woman was rigorous and unecpial ; and she re- nounced the name and worship of her father's hou.so to embrace a new servitude, decorated oidy by the title of adoption, a fiction of the law, neither rational nor elegant, bestowed on tin; mother of a family (her proper appellation), the strange characters' of sister to her own children, and of daughter to her husband or master, who was invested with the plenitude of j)aternal pow- er. By his judgment or caiirice her l)ehavior was a])pr()V('d or censured or cliastis»'d ; ho ex- ercised the jurisdiction of life and death ; and it was allowed that in tho cases of adultery or drunkenness the .sentence might bo jjroperly in- tlicted. She acejuired and inherited for tho solo jnolit of her lonl ; and so clearly was woman de- fined, not as a pernou, l)ut as a thing, that, if tho original title were deticient, she miglit be claimed, like other movables, by the ii»e. and possession of an entire year. — Gibhon's Komk, ch. 44, p. 345. 3500. MARTYR, A false, lieiejn of ,T,inm IT. [Rochester, the Lord Treasurer, had .sat ina tribu- MAHTYU— MAUTVItS. 4i;i f mil wliirh prrHccutod the EsfubliHhcd Churcli ; to N)iV(! Ills otDcc III' iifTccIrd to (li)ulit lirr ortlio- tloxy. ISccOmcc, Love of. No. iWT4. | Vet he was extolled by the i^reiit body of clmnhmeii us if he hud been t\w bravcHt. and purest of inarlyi's, Tiie Old and N(!W 'rcHtainenlH, the Marlvroloirjes of HusebiiiH and of Fox, were runsacked to lliid imrallels for hin heroie jiiety. llewnn Daniel in tlu^ den of lions, Shadra(th in tlu^ llery furnace, Peter in the dnnj^eoii of Herod, I'anI at the bar of Nero, Ij^natiuH in the amphitheatre, Ijilinier at the HUike. — MArAiJi^.vvs Kno., eh. (1, ]). 144. .1501. MARTYR, A sinful, /."i-d Cfntirhill. The most remarkable letter was from ('hurehill. It wim written with that nalin'alelo((Menee which, illiterate a.s he wa.s, he never wanted on jrreat oc- casions, and with an air of inafrnanimity which, perfidious as he was, he coidd with sinjiular dex- terity assume. The Princiws Anne, he said, had commanded him to assmo her illustrious rela- tiv(!s at the Hague that she was fully resolved, by God's help, rather to lose her lifirthan to be guilty of apostasy. As for himself, his places and the royal favor were aa nothing to him in compari.son with his religion. He coiiclnded by declaring, in lofty language, that, though he could not jiretond to have lived the life of a. saint, he .should 1)C found ready, on occa.sion, to die tlut death of a martyr. — Macaulay'b Enu., ch. 7, p. 240. 3503. MARTYRDOM coveted. Quakerit in MdKHoc/tiiKrttn. Some of the (Quakers were ex- travagant and foolish ; they cried out from the windows at the magistrates and nuinster.s that passed by, and mocked the civil and religious in- .stitutions of the conntry. They riotonsly inter- rupted jtiiblie worship ; and women, forgetting the decorum of their sex, and clainung a divine origin for their absurd caprices, smeared their faces, and even went naked through the streets. [Yet] ... a fault against manners may not l)e punished by a crime against nature. — J3an- cnoKT'rt U. S., vol. 1, ch. 10. 3503. . Earli/ Chnstuius. We can more easily admire than imitate \\w fervor of the first Christians, who, according to the lively expression of Sulpicius Severus, desired martyr- dom with more eagerness than his own contem- jOTraries solicited a bi.shopric. . . . Some stories are related of the courage t)f martyrs, who actu- ally performed what Ignatius hatl intended, who exasperated the fury of the lions, jiressed the ex- ecutioner to hasten his oflice, cheerfully leaped into the fires which were kindled to consume them, and discovered a sensation of ,103' and l>lcasure in the midst of the most exipiisite tor- tures. — GimioN's RoMi:, ch. 16, p. 41. 3504. MARTYRDOM, Devotion to. John Knox. Knox was the Savonarola of Edinburgh ; as overbearing, poptdar, and cruel as he of Florence, he .stood alone between the people, the throne, and the Parliament as a fourth power, repre- senting .sacred sedition — a power which claimed a place side by side with the other powers of the State ; a man more to be feared by the queen be- .lause his virtue was, so to speak, a kind of fa- natical conscience. To become a martyr or to make martyrs for what he believed to be the Cituse of God were to him indifferent. lie was ready to give himself up to the death, and why should he hesitate to devote others to the scaf- fold ?— Lamaktinm:'m Maiiv Qfi;i:N* ok Scots, p. 11. 3505. MARTYRDOM, Eminence hj. T/iomrimate's brains on the ground. " Let us be oiT," he cried, tri- umphantly ; " this traitor will never rise again." The brutal murder was received with a thrill of horror t.liroughout Christendom ; miracles were wrought at the martyr's tond), he was canonized, and became the most i)oi)ular of English saints. The stately " martyrdom" which rose over his relics at (.'unterbury seemed to em- body the triumph which his blood had won. — Hist, ok Enoi.isii Peoi'LK, i^ liiH. 3506. MARTYRS, Fanatical. DanatMn. Many fanatics were possessed with the horror of life and the desire of martyrdom, andtheydc'cmed it of little ni nient by what means or by w hat hands they perisi d, if their conduct was .sanctified by the intentid.i of devoting themselves to the gloiy of the true faith and the hope of eternal liai)i>i- ness. Sotneflmes they rudely disturbed the fes- tivals and profaned the temitles of pagaiusm with the design of exciting the most zealous t)f the idolaters to revenge tlie insulted honor of their gods. They sometimes forced their way into the courts df justice, and compelled the affrighted jiidge to give orders for their im- mediate execution. They frequently stopjied travellers on the public highways and obliged them to inHiet the stroke of martyrdom, by the promise of a reward, if they consented, and by the threat of instant death, if they refused to grant so very singular a favor. When thej- were di.sjippointed of every other resource, they an- nounced the day on which, in the presence of their friends aiid brethren, they should ca.st themselves headlong from someloftv rock ; and many precipices were shown which had ac- quired fante by the mimber of religious sui- cides. In the actions of these desperate enthu- siasts, who were admired by one party as the martyrs of God and abhorred by the other as the victims of Satan, an impartial j)hilosopher may discover the influence and the last abu.se of that inflexible spirit which was originally de- rived from the character and prificiples of the Jewish nation — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 21, p. 363. 4U MAHTYIIS-MASSACUE. . I % E i ff»07. MARTTR8, Firit. AV///*//. (Iiiir):.:. .Tolin Ko^'crs wmh liiirnt at the Hliikc in Siiiitli- lli'ld, li.'iwn'iict! Siiuiitlcrs was liuriit at Coven- try, .luliri Hooper was Imrnl at (lloiiceHier. ami Kowlaml 'I'avlor was hnrnt at lladlei^'li. TlieMc Were four ol' the tlrst I'roleHtanl rnartvrs l)iirnt in Knf^laiiil. | — Knkiiit's K.Nd., vol. U, eh. (I, p. 7l». »aO«i. MARTYRS, Miiiionary. .hsuit l',-in>lH. Hreliieiir was set ajiart on a sealTolil. '{"hey (llie Mohawks) cut his lower lip and his nose, applied bnriiin^r torches to his hody, Imrned his jfuins, and thrust hot iron down his throat. The deli- <'ate lialleniand was stripped naked, and envel- oped from head to foot with hark fidl of rosin. Hroujj:ht into tht; iiresence of HrelKnif, he ex- claimed, " We are made a spectacle nnto the world, and to an^'els, and men !" 'I'he ])ine bark was set on tire, and wlieii it was in a l)la/.e l)oilin!r water was poured on the heads of hoth the n.lssjonaries, 'riie voice of Lallemand was choked liy tln! thick smoke ; but the tin; havinif Biiapped (lis bonds, he lifted his hands to heav- en. Mrebouf was scalped while yet alive, and iists of Bokha- ra, Samarcand, and Herat wore incapable of re- solving. " Wlio are the true martyrs, of tho.so who are slain on my side, or on that of my ene- mies ?" But lie was silenced, or satisfied, by tho dexterity of one of the cadhis of Aleppo, who replied, in tho words of Mahomet him.self , that tho motive, not the ensign, constitutes tho mar- tyr ; and that tho Mo.sloms of either party, who light only for tho glory of God, may Reserve that sacred appellation. — Gibbon's Kome, ch. 65, p. 262. 3511. MARVELS, Age of. Age of Thesevit. It is principally on tlie ago of Theseus that the Greeks have indulged their vein for the marvel- lous. Kverlhing issiipernatni and every great ' man is either a god or a tiemi u'od. The most probable source of this I conceive to be that the princes, who had then iK'fome n^ally powerful, I and exercised a high control over their sidijects, I taking advantage of the superstitious character I of the times, and of the people's credulity, as- j Humed to themselves a divine origin, in order the belter to supixirt their new authority. Hav- ing at all limes the priests under their influence, they could do this with great facility, by institut- ing" religious rites in honor of their divine jiro- genitoi's ; and if they could thus prevail so far as to pass with their contemporaries for the otT- spring of the gods, it is no wonder that the sue- I ceeding ages should retain the same idea of them. i — TvTi. Kit's HiHT., Book 1, ch. H, p. 70. 3514. MASQUERADE, Deadly. Chnrhi* Vf. Till' young monarch was unfortunately sei/eil with a deprivation of his intellects, which broke out in the most dreadful tils of madness. 'I'he ' ignorance of men in those ages attriliuted this fa- tal but natural calamity to the elTccts of witch- I craft. .\n Italian lady, the wife of his brother, ' the DuUc of Orleans, was accu.sed as the author of his misforliincs, and the suspicion was in- creased by a very strange accident. In a mas- [ (luerade at court the king ajipeared in the garb of a wild man. coxcred with leaves, which were stuck xvitli pitch upon a clo.se habit of linen, I and he led in chains four other .satyrs, dres.sed in tlie saiiK' manner. The Duke of Orleans, who ' held a burning torch, apiiroaclied accidentally too near these combustible knights ; one of the I habits took (ire, and tlu! four satyrs, who were I four of till,' jirincipal nobility, were burnt to I death. The king e.scai>ed with life, but was I .seized with a dreadful tit of fren/y. To relieve him, they .sent for a magiciaii from "Moiitpelier, and he liecaiiu! .somewhat better. 'l"be fact wa.s, his (li.seaso had lucid intervals, and in these he sometimes resumed the management of his kingdom — which was of the worst conseiiuence to Franco, for no measure was ever juirsued to an end or with stability. — Tvtlek'h Hist., Book 6, ch. 13. 3513. MASSACRE, Evidence of. Louis TX. The Oriental writers confess that Louis might have escaped, if he would have deserted his sub- jects ; he was made pri.soner, with the greatest part of his nobles ; all who could not redeem their lives by service or ransom were inhumanly nia.s,saered ; and the walls of Cairo were deco- rated with a circle of Christian heads. The king of France was loaded with chains. [Attack of C^ru.saders on Massoura.] — Gibbon's Romk, ch. 59, p. 43. 3514,. MASSACRE, General. Goths. [Tli(> Goths invaded Thrace.] After a long resistance, Philippoiiolis, destitute of succor, was taken by storm. A hundred thousand persons are report- ed to have been massacred in the sack of that great city. — Gibbon's Ko.me, ch. 10, p. 291. 3515. MASSACRE, Immense. Lmidon. Sue- tonius Paulinus, under tho Emjieror Nero, . . . [was sent against Britain.] Tho Britons, more exasperated than intimidated, were all in arms, and, headed by Boadicea, Queen of the Iceni, had attacked several of tho Roman settlements. Sue- tonius hastened to the protection of London. The Britons, however, reduced it to ashes, mas- MAHHA(,'HE— MAHHKrt. 41fi anrred Uk; itiliiililtiintH thiit rcmnincd in it, ptit- till); to (IcKth 7(),(XH) of tli(- ItoiiiiiiiH iitid tlu'ir iil- llcH. SiictoiiiiiH ri'vciigcil lli('s«! loMMcs liy a (iccl- «iv(! victory, ill wlilcii MO, (KM) Uriloiis ffil in tiio fli'lci. Hoiidiccii, to cscaix! Hliivtry or uii l^no ininoiiM (ii'iilli, put an cikI to iicr own iifi; l)y poi- son. — Tvti.kk'h liisT., Uoolt (J, ell. T), p. lt)l. !IA 10. MASSACRE by Mob. Pam. A.n. 14IH. On tiic I21I1 of .liiiii> . . . till' pcopir liroke open X\w prisons iind private lioiiscs wiicrc the Armaj,'- lilies were eontlned, |aiidj iiiaMsaered l-'iOO vie- tiniH in one inornliiK. — ivMoiiTM Eno., vol. 2, ell. T), p. (18. »A I r. MASSACRE of Patriot!, lim^m. On the 'itliof March u more serious dilllciiltv occurred in lioston. An altercation had tal hours, without discrimination of strangers, of nalivcH, of age or sex, of innocence or ii\\\\\ ; llu^ most moderate accounts state the niiinlMi' of the slain at 7000, and it is atil ,ned by some writers that more than IT), 000 viclins were .sacriliced to the maiicH of Bolhcrlc. I'l'heodosliis was the emperor who commanded it. |— OinitoNs Homi;, eh. 2(1, p. 114. :i.VJ I. MASSACRE, Wholesale, .u/niroi. fWar between the I'arthian and Koman emiilres. | The sai'k and conllagration of Seleiicia, with the massacre of !i00,000of the inhabitants, tareished tlu^ glorv of the Itomaii triumph, — (Jiiuid.n'h RoMK, ch. 8, p. 242. SIAilil. MASSACRES, Religious, Fnnrfi R,r. olntidii. ['I'Ik^ Ucvolutioiiisis, on the 2d of September, 171(2, massacred 200 priests at lilt! Church of De Cannes. | Throughout that night of horror the city which two huniired and twenty years before had been polluted by the mas.Hacn^ of St. Bartholomew, at the command of a crowned bigot, in the name of religion, was again polluted by a mas.sacre as frightful, at tli(^ command of furious demagogues, in the name of Liberty. At tli(^ jirison of Abbaye, after a few murders in tlu! afternoon, a general slaughter look place as night drew on. (The jirison of La Force was emiitied in the same man- ner.] — Knkuit'h En(1., vol. 7, ch. 12, p. 220. 3S33. MASSES aroused. The. Ihi^olutidn. That no act of his [Charles I.l should be wanting to justify the oi)position of liis enemies, he went next day to the House of (Jommons, attend- ed by desperadoes — " .soldiers of fortune" — arr' ed with partisan, pistol, and sword, to seize the members denounced. Tills scene has been .so often described that it were (piite a work of su- pererogation to describe it again here. Let all lie summed np in a word. Reconciliation be- tween the king and the Parliament was now im- possible. The privileges of the House had been violated in a manner in which no monarcli had dared to violate them Ix'fore. And xiich a par- liament ! — men of the most distinguished cour- age and intelligence in the kingdom. The mem- bers he sought had escaped through the window. They fled in lia.ste to the city. Thither the most distinguished members of llie House fol- lowed them. They were protected by the Com- mon Council from the king, whohini.self follow- ed them to the city, demanding tlieir bodies ; but in vain. He was his own ofHcer, both of military and police ; but as he went along, the growls of " Privilege, privilege — privilege of Parliament," greeted liim everywhere. One of the crowd, bolder than the rest, approached his carriage, shouting, " To your tents, O Israel !" The king had given tlie last drop to fill up the measure of contempt with which he was regard- ed. He had struggled with his Parliament and 410 MAHSKrt-MATKIlNITV. lir Wfti* miHticic.'wfiil. lIiTP was a hint fur n\u\\ iiK'ii III act upon ; and |M-tilir)nH fnun 'II luirtNiif llic lunil {kiiii'imI in, fi'dni vaHt iMMJirH nf llic jm-o- |>l<', (ly tiu; 'arliainrni : from coMnlifH, citirH, Iowiin, par- IhIich, tmilcs ; till* iMirtcrs |M'litioiiiMi ; tlic wairr men (u liter ratx, ('liarlcNcaileii tluinl itrlitinnrd. And we may jratluT liie Ntale of doiueHiie < f of miiiliid miixie, flairs wavin^r from tlie iiiaNllieuds of all the vesHi'N on the river, tlie inantH covered with HJioutini; HiiilorN, Mini the luiijj pi'iM osMJoii of city har^res — for at lliiit day inoHt ^real tiiiimithai prix-esNions took place on tlie 'I'liamcH ; and wliiie the five inemlNrH step |M'd into the llowMe, the ilous)' tislnj; to rei-eive Miem, Charles lied to Hamjilon Court, nor did lie Nee IiIn palace at WliileliNll airaiii until he he held it Hs a priHoner, antl nleiiped from its lian- (luetiiijc liouHi) to the MalVold. — Huoo'h Ciu>m- ■\VKi.i., ell. 4, p. IM). ffAtll. MASSES overlooked. Jh/ IliMon'oiiH. 'Nolhinjj liiiM yet lieeii nnid of the j^reat body of the |N'ople — of tlume who held the ploiii^li and tended llie oxen ; who toiled at the looms of Nor- wich and N({uared the I'oiilaiid Niotie for Ht. Paul's ; nor can very much Iw said. The most liumeroiiH class in precisely the class res[>eclinij which we have the most meairrc information. In those times |of th<' Uestoriition] philanthropists did not yet re|;ard it as a sacred duty, nor had demn>ro>;ues yet found it a lucrative trade, to ex- imtiate on the distress of tin; lahorer. History was to > much oc('U)>ied willi courts and camps to span a line for the hut of the jieasant or for the ^jiirret of the mixhanie. — Macailay'h Enu., til. :i, p. :w.'). SAX'}. MASSES, Power of the. St„mp Art. The Isl of Novemlier came. ( )n that day the Stamp Act was totakeelTeet. DuriiiLT the summer j^reat (juantitie.s of tlie stamped jiaper had heeii pre- pared and sent to America. Ten bo.xes of it were wd/ed liy the ik'ojiIc of New York, and o])eiily de- Ktroyed. In ('onne^-ticut the stanip-()tlle(!r was fhreateiii'd with haii^iiiLf. In Boston liou-ses •were destroyuer weJeshipjied to Eivirland,uiid every stamp otlicerin America was oblifred to resif;n or leave tlie country. Hy the 1st of November there were wiarcely stjunps eiiou^^li reniainiiiij: to fiirnisb af- ter times with sikjcIiiK'Hs. The day was kept as a day of mourning. The stores were <'losed ; flails were hung at half mast ; the bells were toUen ; t'tUgies of the authors and alienors of the Stamp Act were borne about in mockery, and then burn- ed. The peojile of New Hampshire formexl a funeral prooes-sion and buricul a coHln Ixyiring the in.srription of Liberty. A cartoon was eirculat<'d liintingat union as thi; remedy for exl.sting evils. Tlie picture rejjreseuud a siiako broken into sec- tions. Each joint was lalK^lled with the initials of a colony ; the head was marked " N. E." for New England, and the title was " Joiii, or Die!" — lliDPATiis U. S., cli. 87, p. 291. Sft'ie. . BoKton Tea Party. On the 16th of December the dispute was settled in a memorable manner. There was u great town meeting, ul which seven thousand people were Hcmhled. Adams and (jiiincy r<|Nike to the mul- titudes. Kvening <-ame on, and the meetiiiu' wim iilioiil to adjourii when u wiir-wluMio was heard, and nlMiiit fifty men, disguised as IndiMiis, pasNett the door lA tlie Old South Church. The crowcl followed to (JrilUn s wharf, where the three tea- ships were at anchor. Then ever\ tiling; became • piii't. The dls)fuised men qiiicklv boarded flm Vessels, broke oiien the three hiiiidreil and forty chests (d' tea tliat composed the cargoes, aiirl IMilired the contents into the sea. Such Wjis tlio MoHtoii Tea i'urlv. — {{idi'atii'm \ . S., ( h. \M, 1), :.'lt:,. 3A'J7. MATERIALISM oorrectoit. Jl, i,!,iiiiiii Fill Ill/ill. lie has been culled the I'epreseiitatiVM of materiiilisiii ; and yet Mheii he llioiiKht on re- ligion, his mind |Missed beyond reliance on sectd to faith In God ; when he wrote on ]ioliti(s lio founded the freedom of his country on principle* that knew no change ; when he turned an observ- ing eye on nature he pas.sed always from tin; ef- fect to the cause, from individual appearances to universal laws. — UA^c iiorTM I'. S., vol. a, • h. :.':j. ».1)IM. MATERNITY, Mlniculoui. AV/V/n of JniiifK II. [It was sus|K'eted that Calliolic.Iftnien intended to produce asi»uriou8 lieir. 1 The folly of some Homan Catholics conflnned the v^ilgar prejudice. They spoke of the nuspiciout4 event as strange, as miraculou!«, as un exertion of tlio same Divine power which had niada Sarah |)roud and hafipy in Isaac, and had given Samuel to the prayers of Hannah. Mary's mother, the Duchess of Alodeiia, had Intel' died. A short time hefore her deiitli she lia(' was Raid, im- plored tho Virgin of lioretta, ^'erveiil vowa and rich offerings, to besto^ . MATERNITY, Paulon of. nnli'tn .S/i/.iir. TIk* M|im\v luvi'H lirr chilli with iitsiiiullvt' pan hIoM ; mill if hUv iliM'N mil maiiifcNl it hy lively CHrt'HttfH, lirrtciiiicriH'NN is rciil, wakrt'iil, iiiul coii' Mtunt. Nil MuviiKc inolhcr rvrr IniMtcil licr I)iiIm' to H hirciinK iiiii'Mtt : no mmvmk*' niotlicr i-vcr |Uit HWikV her own rliliil to Miirkli' that of ahollier. — Uan( HoKTM r. H.. vol. II, «h. 2'i. :iAaO. MATHBMATIOB, Aoouraoy In. AV/.y/i titiii*. 'I'll)' arts anil srirncrH arr iiiilfcil no inti- | innti'ly conni'i-li'il, liiat Iht-re can It** no ^rcat prr>v'r)'>4N in the one wilhuiit ii proiMirtionai ail i VHiMi'incnl in tin' other ; as, fur example, arilil- I te«'tiire, whlcii rei|iiii-esa knowleiljfeot >fe«)inetry ; anil the laws of mechanics ; Hie working of metals, 11111111;. which presiippose iin iicipiaint ance Willi cliemicMl principles. " When we see," wiVM .Millot, " tile l'])ify III inns surveyini,' Iheir lamU ; with precision, tlisirilxilini; Ilie waters of the Is'ileliy niiinlierless ciinals, measiiriii;; with exact- I ness ihe increase of Ihe river, making anil em- ploying various species of machinery, ineasiirinL; time, and calciilalin;; Ihe revoiiitiuiis of the stars, I we mnsi suppose tlieni to have altaiiieil aeon- > Hideraliki prollciencv in tiie science of miilhe- inalics. 'I he I'lt'ypifans unilerstooil Ihe (Uvision of the zodiac inio twelve siitns, which ar^fnes , H coiisidcriilile advancement in astronouiv." — Tvti,i;ii'h llisr,, Mook l,ch.4, p. IV. ».i:il. MATHEMATICS, Defloienoy in. South Ami riiui UK. 'I'lie Aliipoiiians, a Irilie of South Anurican Indians whoinhaliil a district in I'ara- guay. can go no further tliim three in counting. — Ai'i'i.KroN's ('v( i.tH'Ki , " Aiiiro.MANrt." IW.Vi. MATHEMATICU, Oeniui for. /Ai-uh Col burn. During this tirst year of his exiiiliition he .solveil such questions us the following, in periods of time varying from thriH) soconds to one minute: " How manv M'conds are therein aOlM) years?" Answer : 6;J, 072, IMK»,()(K). "How many strokes will a clock strikf; in 2(M)() years 't" Aaswer: li;},HH(),(M)t). "What is the pnaluct of 12,225, mulliplieil hy 122:j V" Answer ; 14.- »51,17.">. "What is the wpian! of 1441I ?" An- swer : 2,091), tlOl. " In seven acres of corn, with 17 rows to each acre, 04 hills to each row, 8 ours to each hill, and li")!) kernels to each ear, liow many kernels are there?" Answer: 9, WW, 200. Practice gave him greater facility. The next year he juTformed such i)rol»leins as these : " How many hours are there in IHll years?" Answer (in twenty .seconds) : l,'),Htt4,;iU0. " How many seconds in 11 years?" Answer (in four fieconds) : ;j4(i.S9(l,()00. ' ' What sum, nniltiplied by itself, will produce 998,001 ?" Answer (in three seconds) : 999. " How many hours in 38 years 2 months and 7 days?" Answer (in six seconds) : ;5:U.488. . . . The number 4,294,967,- 297 was proposed to him to find the factors. Now, certain French matheinaticians had assert- ed tliat this was a prime inind)er ; but the Ger- man, Euler, had discovered that its fat^tors are 641 and «,700,417. This wonderful boy, then aged eight years, by the mere operation of his mind, named the factors in about twenty sec- onds. — CvcLorKui.v OF Hioii., p. 83. 33»3. MATHEMATICS, Precocity in. Zerah Colhuim. [When a little boy si.v yearsof age, in Lis Vermont home, his father, having overheard him sny, " Three liines twelve are thirty-six,"] talf in jokelica3Kev3 him: " How much is 13 T/iitrh'nijf, I The linker 'J'he cobbl<>r Ho at hiHt ik ietv All ltiiieNtt7?" The boy iniitanlly gave the correct anawcr, I2B1. " I could not liavo been iiuiro Miirprlsed," Ihe fiitlu-r uiM-d to itay, "if a man liaii Mpruiig out of the earlli and mIoimI erect lie- fore me." . . . The boy who could not t4'll a 4 from a 9 |ioMNeKs be had mixed a grain of tlatlery willi a bushel of truth. Thackeray tells us that he was Itorii lo hniil oul snobs, ascertain dogs are trained to llnd truMles. — Thoi.i.oI'Jc'h TlLVCKKUAY, ch. 2. :ia:iA. mechanics deiplied. Airhmnki. Kinglliero . . . enlrented him to turn his art from abstracted notions to matters of .sense, and to niaki! his reasoidngs more intelligible to the generality of mankind, applying them to the uses of common life. 'J'he lirsl that turned their thoughts to mechaiiirx, a branch of knowledge which came afterward to be so much admired, were Eudoxus and Archytas, who thus gave a variety and an agre«'able turn to geometry, and confirmed certain jiroblenis by sensible experi- ments and the use of instruments, which could not Ik! demonstrated in the way of theorem. That problem, for example, of two mean pro- portional lines, which cannot be found out geo- metrically, and yet is so neces.sary for the solu- tion ofotherquestitms, they solveil mechanically, by the assistance of certain instniraents calletl vit9olabeH, taken from conic sections. Hut when Plato inveighed against them, with grwit indig nation, as corrupting and debasing the excellence of geometry by miiking her «le.slAltliH, who tilled thi! ground, were answerable for the produce. — Plltaucii's Lycukous. 3937. MECHANICS, Hereditary. Emt Indian. The tribe of mechanics is branched out into as WAMM 418 MECHANICS— MEDDLING. many sulKllvlslons as theco nro trndea, and no man is allowed to relinquish the trade of his fore- fathers — a ver3r singular system, which, as we formerly mentioned, prevailed likewise among the ancient Egyptians. Besides these four prin- cipal classes [viz., Bramins, soidiers, husband- men and meclianics,] or tribes, there is a fifth, that of tlie pariahs, which is the outcast of all the rest. The persons who compose it are ei.,- ployed in the meanest ottices of society. They bury the d'jad ; they are the scnvengers of the town ; and so much is their condition held in detestation, that if any one of this class touches a person belonging to any of tlie four great castes, or tril)es, it is allowable to i)ut hini to death upon the spot. All these clas,ses, or castes, are separated from each other by insurmountable barriers ; they are not allowed to intermarry, to live, or toeattogetiier, and whoever transgresses these rules is banislied as a disgrace to his tribe. — Tytlkk'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 23, p. 337. 353§. MECHANICS, PatriotiBm of. Carpen- ter s of Boston. A. D. 1774. [The port was closed, the capital removed to Salem, and the city occu- pied by British troops. ] All tlie while the suffer- ings of Boston grew more and more severe ; yet in the height of distress for want of employ- ment its carpenters refused to construct barracks for the [British] army. — Bancboft's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 10. 3539. MECHANICS, Patriotism of. Carpen- tera of Phihtikiphia. a. n. 1774. [The Continent- al Congress convened in Pliiladeli)liia.] Tie members of Congress, meeting at Smith's tavern, moved in a body to select the place for their de- liberations. Galloway, the Speaker of Pennsyl- vania, would have had them use the State House, but the carpenters of Philadelphia olfered their plain but spacious hall ; and from respect for the mechanics, it was accepted by a great majority. — B.\ncuoft's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 11. 35'>0. . Civil War. [They were of {greatest service to Parliament in the war of the ievolution. ] The men of London taken from the loom and anvil, from the shops of Ludgate or the "wharves of Billingsgate, stood like a wall. . . . Prince llupert himself led up the choice lior.se to charge them, and endured their storm of small shot, but could make no impression upon their stand of pikes. . . , The contempt of the CavaUers for the " base mechanicals " was one great cause of the triumph of the Roundheads. . . . They had an ever-present belief that they were doing " the Lord's work ; " and whether starving in a fortress or ridden down by men in steel, they woukl not be moved. " With dread of death to flight, or foul retreat." — Knight's Eng., vol. 4, ch. 2, p. 24. 3541. . Apprentices. [In 1643, at the time of the Revolution, the mechanics' appren- tices in London were ardent in their endeavors for the destrrctlon of despotism.] — Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 30, p. 489. 3542. MECHANICS, Practical. Jam^a Watt. The mechanical dexterity he acquired was the foundation upon which he built the speculations to which he owes his glory, nor without this manual training is there the least likelihood that he would have become the improver and almost the creator of the steam-engine. — Smilbs' Brief Biographies, p. 4. 3543. MECHANICS, Taate for. Sir haar New. ton. From cliildliood Newton exhibited a re- markable tal"nt for mechanics. His favorite playthings wen; \\\,i\v saws, hammers, chi.sels, an(l hatcTiets, with which he made many curious and ingenious machines. There was a windmill in course of erection near his home. He watch- ed the workmen with the gn-iitest interest, ar.l constructed a small model of the mill, which, one of his friends said, was " as clean and curious a l)iece of workiiianslii|) ns llic original." He was dissatisl'cd, however, with his mill, because it would iK.t work wlien tlicro was no wind ; and tlierefore he added to it a contiivance by which it couhl be kept in motion by a mouse, lie made a water-clock, the motive jjower of which was the droiiping of water upon a wheel. Every morning, on getting out of bed, the boy wound up his clock by suppl^'ing it with the water re- (juisiteto keep it running for twenty-four hours. — Cyci.oi'kdia ok Bioo., p. 247. 3544. MECHANICS, Wages of. ThirttcDth Ccn- turn. The daily ])ay of carpenters, masons, and tylers wa.; 3f/. with keep, and 4^/. one half pen- ny without. — Knight's Eno., vol. 1, ch. 27, p. 408. 3545. MEDDLING, Destruction by. Flood. [West Indians to Columtjus.] They .said that there once lived in the island a miglity caci(iue, who slew his onlv son for conspiring against him. lie afie.'ward < ollected and picked his Ixmes, and preserved them in agourd, as was the custom of the natives with the relics of their friends. On a .■fubs(uiuent day tlie cacitpic and his wife open- ed the gourd to contemplat the bones of their son, when, to their astonishment, .several fish, great and small, leaped out. Upon this the ca- ci(pie closed the gourd, and placed it on the top of his liouoC, l)oasting that he had the sea shit up within it, and could have fish whenever he plea.se(l. F.;"ir brothers, however, who had been born at the same birth, and were curious inter- meddlers, healing of this gourd, came during the absence of the cacique to peep into it. In their carelessness they suffered it to fall upon the ground, where it was dashed to pieces ; when, lo ! to their a.stonishnient and disnifiy, there issued forth a mighty flood, with dolphins, and sharks, and tumliling porpoises, and great sjxjuting whales ; and the water spread, until it overflowed the earth, and formed the ocean, leaving only the tops of the mountains uncovered, which are the present islands. — Iuving's Coi.ujiuuy, Book 6, ch. 10. 3546. MEDDLING reproved. Bishop Burnet. [The intimate friend of William Prince of Orange, whose invading army had just landed in England.] As soon as Burnet was on shore he hastened to the prince. An amusing dialogue took place between them. Burnet poured forth his congratulations with genuine delight, and then eagerly asked what were his Highness' plans. Military men are seldom dispo.sed to take counsel with gownsmen on military matters, and William regarded the interference of unprofes- sional advisers, in questions relating to war, with even more than the disgust ordinarily feltbj' sol- diers on such occasions. But he was at that moment in an excellent humor, and instead r f signifying his displeasure by a short and cutting reprimand, graciously extended his hand, and m. MEDIATION— MEDICINE. 419 answered his chaplain's question by another (juestion ; " Well, doctor, what do you think of predestination now ?" The reproof was so del- icate that Bvirnet, whose perceptions were not very fine , diil n<)t perceive it. lie answered with pieat fervor that he should never forjjet tlie signal manner in which Providence had lavored their undertaking. — Macaulay'b Eno., ch. 9, p. 44G. 3« 17. MEDIATION rejected. Jv'is terrible. The effect of the insane attempt to sub- jugate Englanil by meiuis of Ireland was that the Irish l)ecame hewers of wood and drawers of ■water to the English. The old projirietors, by their effort to recover what thi-y had lost, lost the greater part of what they had retained. The momentary ascendency of popery produced such a .series of barbarotis laws against pojjcry as made the statute-book of Ireland a proverb of infamy Ihroughotit Christendom. Such were the bitterfruitsof the policy of James. — Macau- lay's Eno., ch. G, p. 120. 3548. HEDIATOB, Temporizing. William Pcnn. [Magdalen C-'ollege had rcfu.sed to elect to the presidency the nominee of James II. 1 The king, greatly incensed and mortified by his defeat, (juitted Oxford. . . . His obstinacy and violence had brought him into an embarrassing position. He had trusted too mujli to the effect of his frowns and angry tones, and had rashly staked, not merely the credit of his administration, but his pv rsonal dignity, on tlic^ is.svie of the contest. Could he yield to subjects wliom he liad men- aced with raised voice and furious gestures ? . . . The agency of Penn was employed. He had too much good feeling to ajiprove of the violent and imju.st proceedings of the governnicnt, and even ventured to express part of wliat he thought. James was, as usual, obstinate in tlie wrong. Tlie courtly Quaker, therefore, did his best to .sedtice the college from the path of right. He first tried intimidation, liuin, he said, impended over the society. The king was highly incensed. The case might be a hard one. 3lost people thought it so. But every child knew that his ISIajesty loved to have his own way, and could not bear to be thwarted. Penn therefore ex- liorted the fellows not to rely on the goodness of their cause, but to submit, or at least to tempo- rize. Such counsel came strangely from one who had himself been expelled from the univer- sity for raising a riot about the surplice, who had run the risk of being disinherited rather than take off his hat to the princes of the blood, and who had been sent to prison for haranguing in conventicles. He did not succeed in frighten- ing the Magdalen men. [Sec No. 1843.] — Ma- cai'lay's Eng., ch. 8, p. 274. 3549. MEDIATOR, Unfaithful. JmtmlT. Un- liapi)ily, James, instead of becoming a mediator, became the fiercest and most reckless of parti- sans. Instead of allaying the animosity of the two populations, he intian.ed it to a height before imknown. He determined to reverse their posi- tion, and put the Protestant colonists under the feet of the popish Celts. To be of the estab- lished religion, to be of English blood, was in his view a disqualification for civil and military employment. He meditated the design of again confiscating and again portioning out the .soil of half the island, and showed his inclination .so clearly that one clasa was soon agitated by ter- rors which he afterward vainly wi.shed to soothe, and the other tv hopes which he afterward vain- ly wished to re: train. But this was the smallest jiart of his guilt and madness. He deliberately resolved, not nu'rely to give to tlu; aboriginal inlial)itants of Ireland tlu; eniin; i><:s 'ssion of their own country, but also to use them as his instruments for setting uj) arititrary govcrnir.irit in England. — Macai:i,ay's Enci., ch. 0, p. 126. 3550. MEDICINE, Advance in. IJar/n »fCholice. The great i)lague of ltJG5 induced tliem to consider witli care the defective architecture, draining, and ventilation of the capital. The great fire of 1060 afforded an opjjortunity for effecting eX' tensive improvements. The whole matter was diligently exannned by the Royal Society ; and to the .suggestions of that body mi:st be partly attributed the clian; which, though far short of what the public welfare required, yet made a wide difference between the new and the old London, and probably put a final close to tho ravages of pestilence in our country. — Macau- lay's Eng., ch. 3, p. 381. 3551. MEDICINE, Aversion to. Oeorgc Wank- in(/U>ii. His illnes.ses were of rare occurrence, but particularly s(!vere. His aversion to the uso of medicdne was extreme ; and even when in great suffering, it was only "oy the entreaties of his lady and . . . Dr. James Craik that he could be prevailed upon to take the slightest ])rcpara. tion of medicine. — Custis' Wasuinotox, vol. 1, ch. 2. 3552. MEDICINE discarded. Xaiioleon I. [Las Casas writes:] "Tlie emperor has no faith in medicine, and never takes any. He had adopted a peculiar mode of treatment for himself. When- ever he found him.self unwell, his plan was to run into an extreme the opposite of Avhat had happened to be his habit at the time. This ho calls restoring the e([uilibrium of nature. If, for instance, lie had leen inactive for a length of time, he woukl .sud.lenly ride about sixty miles, or Imnt for a whole day." . . . [Heals'osaid :] " My remedies are fasting and the warm bath.' — Aubott's Napolkon B., vol. 2, ch. 30. 3553. MEDICINE, School of. Fint. The treasures of Grecian medicine had been commu- nicated to the Arabian colonies of Africa, Spain, and Sicily, and in the intercourse of peace a'ld war a spark of knowledge had been kindled anu cherished at Salerno, an illustrious city, in which the men were lionest and the "women beautiful. A school, the first that arose in the darkness of Europe, was consecrated to the healing art ; thi conscience of monks and bishops was reconciled to that salutary and lucrative profession ; and a crowd of patients, of the most eminent rank and most distant climates, invited or visited the physicians of Salerno. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 56, p. 462. 420 MEDITATION— MELANCHOLY. 3554. MEDITATION, Peculiar. Swedenborg. Swedcnborg was gifted witli jieciilinr powers of respiration. From early childhood, when on liis knees at prayer, and afterward wlien engaged in profound meditation, he found that his natu- ral respiration was for the time suspended. . . . He writes : " My respiration lias been so formed by the Lord as lo enable me to I in the inwardly for a long period of time, withoi ihe aid of the external air, my respiration beiiiu directed with- in, and my outward senses, as well as actions, still continuing in their vigor, which is only pos- sible with persons who have been ko formed by the Jionl. 1 have also been instructeil that my l)reathiiig was so directisd, without my being uware of it, in order to enable me to l)e with spirits, and lospeak with them." — W'iiitk'sSwk- jjKNMioito, ch. 8, p. 67. 3555. MEDIUM, Fraudulent, f'oiin/crfiitinr/. The account was as follows: " On the night of the 1st of February many gentlemen eminent for their rank and character were, bv the invi- tation of the Hcv. Mr. Aldrich, of Cierkenwell, assembled at his house, for the examination of the noises .'iupi)oscd to be made by a departed spirit, for the (leteclion of some enormou:' crime. About ten at night the gentlemen met in the chamber in which the girl, .supposed to be disturbed by a spirit, had, with proper cauti(m, l)een put to bed by several ladies. . . . The supposed spirit had before jiublicly promised, by an ailirmative knock, that it would attend one of the gentlemen into the vault under the church of iSt. John, Cierkenwell, where the bodj' is de- posited, and give a token of her presence there, by a knock upon her coffin ; it was therefore determined to make this trial of the existence or veracity of the supposed .spirit. AVhile they were inquiring and deliberating, they wore summoned into the girl's chamber by some ladies who were near her bed, and who had heard knocks and scratches. When the gentlemen entered the girl declared that she felt the s])irit like a mou.se upon her back, and was required to hold her hands out of bed. The company at one o'clock went into the church, and the gentlemen to whom the promise was made went with another into the vault. The spirit was .solemnly reipiired to perform its promise, but nothing more than siience ensued ; the person supposed to be accu.sed by the spirit then went down with several others, but no ef- fect was perceived. ... It is therefore the opinion of the whole a,ssembly that the child has some art of making or counterfeiting a particu- lar noise, and that there is no agency of any higher cause. " — Notk in Boswki-i-'b Joiin.son, p. 112. 3556. MEEKNESS, Christian. Viirrowned. [The Crusjidcrs having taken Jerusalem and made it a I..atin kingdom, offered it to] Godfrey de I}()uillon. That excellent iirince accepted the high honor conferred ujiou him, but refused, in his j)ious humility, lo wear a diadem of gold and Jewels where his Kedecmer's brows had In-en acerated liv a crown of thorns. — Students' rK.\NCfc;, cli. 7, ^ 17. 3557. MELANCHOLY, Characteriitio. Aho- riginis. The red man was, at his best estate, an iinsocinl, solitary, and gloomy spirit. He was a man of the woods. He communed only with .liimsclf and the genius of solitude. He sat apart. The forest was better than his wigwam, and his wigwam belter than the village. — KiD- I'ATU's U. H., ch. 1, p. 45. 3558. MELANCHOLY, Depreiied by. Charles V. The last years of Charles were the most tu- multiious and tlie Ica.st succes.sful. The load of cares, and the difficidties whicli surrounded him on evcrv side, at length entirely overpowered liim. The vigor of liis mind was broken, his animal spirits were exhausted, and, in a state of despondency and melancholy dotiige, he abdi- cated the empire, and renouncei>id Jolin- noil. The " morhid melancholy" \vhich aviis lurliing in his constitution, and to which we may nscrihe those |)Hrticuhirities, . . . gathered Huch strength in his twentieth year as to alHii i, him in a dreadful manner. VV^hilo lus was at LiehHeld, in the cudlege vacation of the year 1729, he felt himself overwhcilmed with a horri- ble hypochondria, with perpetual irritation, fret- fulness, and impatience, nnd with a dejection, gloom, and de.sjjuir, which made existence mis- ery. From this dismal malady he never after- ward was perfectly relieved. — BoawELi/s Joiin- 80N, p. 11. 3563. MELANCHOLY, PhiloBophy of. Unfaih- onhiUe. Ileraclitus, whose disposition [was] the reverse of that of Democritus, accounted every- thing a matter of melancholy. He seems to have been endowed with the austere spirit of a Car- thusian ; for, rejecting the chief magistracy of his native (dty. Ephesus, on account of the in- corrigible vice'of its inhabitants, he betook him- Belf to tl'e desert, and fed upon roots and water, making the beasts his companions in preference to man. lie wrote a treati.se on Nature, in which he made flre the origin of all things ; but this fire he conceived to I)e endowed withnnnd, and to be jiroperly the niiiinn iiiuikU, or the Di- vinity. His writings wer" purposely obscure, whence he got the epithet of . . . the dark phi- losopher. It is said that Euripides having sent this treatise on Nature to Socrates, the latter, with his accustomed modest}', gave it this char- acter, that all that he could understand of it seemed good, and that what li A surpassed his understanding might likewise be .so. — Tytleu's Hist., Hook 2, cli. 9, p. 266. 3564. MELANCHOLY, Religious. Gomie Fox the QjKtkrr. a.d. 1644. The mind of Fox as it revolved the question of human destiny was ag- itated even to despair. . . . Abandoningljis tlocks and shoemaker's bench, \\o nourished his inexplic- able grief by retireil meditations, and . . . sought in the gloom of the forest for a vision of God. He questioned his life; but his blameless life was ignorant of remorse. He went to many "priests" for comfort, but found no comfort from them. . . . Some advised him to marry, others to join Cromwell's army. . . . His restless spirit drove him into the fields, where he walked many nights ... in misery too great to be de- clared. Yet at times a beam of heavenly joy beamed upon his .soul, and he reposed, as it were, serenely on Abraham's bosom. — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 16. 3565. . Puritans. We may think of Cromwell standing in the market with his fellow-tradesmen, and striding through those fields, and by those roadsides, and by the course of the stream, then sedgy and .swampy enough. AVliat thoughts came upon him, for was he not fighting there the same battle T.uther fought at Erfurth ? He was vexed by fils of strange black hypochondria. Dr. Simcot, of Hunting- don, "in shadow of meiuiing, much meaning expressions," intimates to us how nuich be suf- fered. He was oppressed with dreadful con- sciousness of sin and defect. lie groaned in spirit like I'aul, like liiter saints — Hunyaii. for instance. The stunted willows and sedgy water- courses, the Hags and reeds, would often echo back the mourning words, " Oh, wretched man that I am !" "What concejition had he of the cours(! lying before him ':' What knowledge I'livl he of the intentions of l'rovi(lenc(> con- cerning him ? Life lay before him all in shad- ow. For fifteen years he appears to have had no other concern than " to know Christ and th(« power of His resurrection, and the fellowsbiixif His .sulferings." — Hood's Ckomwki.i,, ch. 2, 1). 44. 3566. MELANCHOLY resisted. S,nn nrl John- son, .lohnson, ujion the first violent attack of this disorder, strove to overcome it by forcible exertions. He frecjuentlv walked to Birnnng- ham and back again, and tried many other ex- pedients ; but all in vain. His expression con- cerning it to me was," I did not then know how to manage it." His distress became so intolera- ble, that he ajiplied to Dr. Swintin, ]ihysieian in Lichfield. \\v mentioned to nu^ now, for the first time, that he had been distressed by melan- choly, and for that reason had been obliged to' fiy from study and meditation to the dissipiiting variety of life. Against melancholy he recom- mended constant occupation of mind, a great deal of exercise, moderation in eating and drink- ing, and especially to shun drinking at night. He said melancholy people were ai)t to fly to in- temperance for relief, but that it sunk them much deejx'r in misery. He observed that laluning men who work hard and live sparingly are sel- dom or never troubled with low .spirits. — Bos- wei.l's Johnson, p. 12. 3567. MELANCHOLY, Royal, qneen Eliza- h'th. From the death of Essex the (|ueen, now in the .seventieth year of her age. seemed to los(; all enjoyment of life. She i'ell into profound melancholy ; she rctlccted then with remorse on some past actions of her reign, and was at times under the mo.st violent emotions f)f anguish and despair. Her constitution, enfeebled bj age, very soon fell a victim to her mental disepiietude ; and I l)erceiving her end approaching, she declared that the "succession to the crown of England should devolve to her immediate heir, .lames VL of Scotland. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6, ch. 28, p. 394. 356§. MEMORIALS, Enduring. Languarje. It is one of the surjirising results of moral pow- er that language, composed of fieeting sounds, retains and transnnts the remendjrance of past occurrences long after every other has passed away. Of the labors of the Indians on tlie soil of Virginia then; remains nothing so resjtecta- ble as would be a common ditch for draining lands ; the memorials of their former existence are found only in the names of the rivers and mountains. — Bancuoft's V. S., vol. 1, ch. 6. 3560. MEMORIALS, Odd. Old Shoes. [In 1612 Thomas Coryat,] having walked over many countries of Europe, hung up iu his parish I ' 422 MEMOUY— MEN. church as a memorial the one pair of shoes in which he liad trudged nine hundred miles. — Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 22, p. 347. 3*70. MEMORY, Blunderc of. Goldmnith. One relates to a venerable dish of i)eas, served up at Sir Joshua's table, which should have been /rreen, but were anv other color. A wag sug- geste(l to Goldsmith, in a whisper, that they «h()uld be sent to llanunersmith, as that was the way to tnrn-fiii-yrctu ('l\irnham Green). Goldsmith, delighted with the pun, eiuleavored to repeat it at Hurke's table, l)ut missed the point. "That is the way Xo niiike 'cm green," said he. Nobody laughed. He ptsrceived he was ut fault. " I mean that is the road to turn 'em green." A dead jiause and a stare ; " whereup- on," adds Heauclerc, "he started up disconcert- ed and abruptly left the table." — Iuvino'sGold- s.MiTii, ch. 34, p. 201. 3571. MEMORY, Excellent. SitmndJohmon. He was uncommoidy intpiisilive ; and his mem- orv was so tenacious that he never forgot any- thing tiiat he either heard or read. Mr. Hec- tor remembers having recited to him eighteen verses, which, after a little pause, he repeated verbatim, varying only one epithet, by which be improveil the line. — Boswell's Johnson, p. 9. 357a. MEMORY, Extraordinary, roet SheUey. His i)owers of memory were extraordinary, and the rapidity with which he read a book, taking in seven or eight lines at a glance, and seizing the sense ui)ou the hint of leading words, was no less astonishing. Impatient speed and indiffer- ence to minutiie were indeed among the cardi- nal qualities of his intellect. To them we may trace not only the swiftness of his imaginative flight, but also his frequent .satisfaction with the somewhat less than perfect inartistic execution. — Symonds' Shelley, ch. 2. 3573. . ^[llUam ITT. William HI. had a memory that amazed all about him. — Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 5, p. 60. 3574. MEMORY, Marvellous. Nnjwleon T. Ho received all letters, read them, and never forgot their contents. ... So retentive was his mem- ory, that scenes over which he had once glanced his eye were never effaced from his mind. He recollected the respective produce of all taxes through every year of his admini.stratiou. — Ab- bott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, ch. 3. 3575. MEMORY, Patriotic. Abraham Lin- coln. [He closed his lirst inaugural address, amid the threatenings of civil war, in these words :] " The mj-stic cord of memorj', stretch- ing from every battlefield and i)atriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Un- ion, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." — K.\ymond's Lincoln, ch. 6, p. 169. 3576. MEMORY trained. Ahraliam Lincoln. [He became a storekeeper and postmaster.] He was still employing every opjiortimity offered him to improve his mind. He had mastered grammar, and occupied Ins leisure time in gen- eral reading, taking care to write out a synop- sis of every book he perused, so as to fix the contents in his memory. — Raymond's Lincoln, ch. 1, p. 26. 3577. MEN, Angelic. Swedfnhorg. The heav- en of angels is formed from the human race, all angels having lived the life of men, and nona having been so created ; and as the perfection of heaven increases to eternity with the increa.se of regenerate men from the world, it follows that the earth will never cease to exist, nor men to live and be born upon it. The worhl is tlie sem- inary of heaven. Heaven depends upon the world for its growth, increa.se, and perfection. Heaven coidd not exist without worlds. — AVhite'sSwedenuohg, ch. 12, p. 95. 357§. MEN vs. Animals. Napoleon T. The night after the battle of Jia.ssano. . . . Napoleou rode over the plain, . . . covered witji the bodies of the dving and the dead. . . . Suddenly a dog simuig t'rom beneath the cloak of his dead mas- ter, and rushed to Napoleon, as if franticly im- jiloring his aid, and then rushed back agam to the mangled corpse, licking the blood from the face and the hands, and howling most piteously. Napoleon was deeply moved. . . . IMany years afterward he re.'narked : " I know not how it is, but no incident upon any field of battle ever pro- duced .so deep nn impression upon my feelings. This man, thought I, lies forsaken of all but his dog. ... I had with tearless eyes beheld . . . thousands of my countrymen .slam, and yet my sympathies were almost deeply and resistlessly moved by the mournfid howling of a dog !" — Ahuott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 6. 3579. MEN, Courting great. Samm'lJohnnon. I talked of the mode ado])ted ])y .some to rise in the world, b\- courting great men, and a.sked him whether he had ever submitted to it. Johnson : ' ' Whj', sir, I never was near enough to great men to coiu't them. You may be jirudently attached to great men , and yet independent. ^ on are not to do what you think wrong ; and, sir, you are to calculate, and not pay too dear for what j-ou get. You must not give a .shilling's worth of court for slx])ence worth of good. But if j'ou can get a shilling's worth of good for sixpence worth of court, you are a fool if you do not pay court." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 141. 35§0. MEN, Periods of Great. Discoverers. Coi)ernicus, the son of a Prussian .surgeon, was born in 1473, ten years before the birth of Lu- ther, and thirteen years before the discovery of America. Great men appear to come in groups. About the same time were born the man who rev- olutionized science, the man who reformed re- ligion, the man who added another continent to the known world, and the man who invented printing. So, in later times, "Watt, the improver of the steam-engine, Hargrave and Arkwright, the inventors of the spinning machinery, began their experiments almo.st in the same year. — Cy- clopedia OF Bioo., p. 204. 35il. MEN, Providential, Great. Crommll. Doubtless, as we have often heard, great men are tiie outbirths of their time ; there is a prov- idence in their appearance, tiiey are not the ])roduct of chance ; they come, God-appointed, to do their work among men, and they are im- mortal till their work is done. We should not, perhaps, speak so much of the absolute greatness of the men of one age as compared with the men of another ; they are all equally fitted to the task of the dav. Let the man who most hates tliw MEN— MERIT. 423 memory of Cromwell ask not sonuuli what Ibc hiiul iiiul the law were with him, as what tiiey must inevituhly have been without him. Ue- move llie leadin^^ man from any time, and you break the liurmony of the time, yon destroy the work of that a;^e ; for an aj;e cannot move with- out its >;jreat men — they inspire it, tliey urge it forward, they are its priests and its prophets and its monarehs. Tlie hero of a time, therefore, is the liistory of a time ; he is the focus where in- lluences an; gathered, and from wlience they Hhoot out. It has l)een said that all institutions are llie projected siiadow of some great man, he has absorbed all the light of his time in himself ; per- liaps he has not created, yet now he throws forth light from his name — clear, steadj- i)ractical light, that shall travel over a eenturyf his name shall be tlu^ synonym of an ep(X'h, and shall in- clude all the events of thut age. Thus it is with Cromwell. — Hoou'h Cuumwei.l, ch. 1, p. 20. 35Sil. . (Jluiiiemdniie. []M. Guizot .says :] " Why a great man comes at a ])articular epoch, and what force of his own he puts into the develoi)ment of the world, no one can say. This is a secret of I'rovidenee ; but, nevertheless, the fact is certain." Such a man does come to put an end to anarchy and social stagnation — a terrible and often a tyrannical jiower. Such a man was Charlemagne. He drove back tlie bar- barian forces that were pressing forward against the establishment of European civilization by liis power as a coiupieror. lie reduced the .s(;attered elements of authority and justice into a system by his skill as an administrator. He gave the grape of the .south to the shores of the llhine, and otherwise extended the domain of fertility, as a jihysical imi)rover. He raised up the real civilizing power of knowledge to render his triumphs (,f war and jieace of jiermanent utility by his zeal as a t)atriot and his zeal as a student. — Knight's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 6, p. 75. 35§3. MEN, Imaginary. Ainerlcdnn. The earliest books on America contain tales as wild as fancy could invent or credidity repeat. The land was peopled with pj'gmies and with giants. The tropical forests were said to conceal tribes of negroes ; and tenants of the hyperborean regions were white, like the polar bear or ermine. Jacques Cartier had heard of a nation that did not eat ; and the pedant Lafitan believed, if not in a race of headless men, at least that there was a nation with the head not rising above the shoul- der. — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 22. 35§4. MEN, Large. King Frederick William. The ambition of the king was to form a brigade of giants, and every country was ransacked by his agents for men above the ordinary stature. These researches were not confined to Europe. No head that towered above the crowd in the bazaars of Aleppo, of Cairo, or of Surat could escape the crimi)s of Fretlerick William. One Irishman more than seven feet high, who was ]iicked up in London bv the Prussian ambassa- dor, received a bounty of nearly £1300 sterling — very much more than the ambassador's salary. This extravagance was the more absurd because n stout youth of five feet eight, who might have been procured for a few dollars, would in all probability have been a much more valuable soldier. — Macaulay's Fjiedeuick the Gkeat, p. 8. 3fti3. MEN, Miiplaoed. Jamea TL— Raleigh. On a cold October morning, in 1(510, a great crime was perpetrated. . . . That line old English gentleman, Sir Walter Raleigh, was brought forth to the scaffold in Palace Yard. Perhai)3 the reader is scarcely able to repress the feeling, even now, of abhorrent indignation that such a miserable ])ie(^e of loath.some corru|)lion as James should have been able to order the death of so great and magniuiinious a man. It was f)n the 29lh of October, when the olllcers went into his room to tell him that all was in readi- ness for his execution, they found him smoking his last pip(; and drinking his last cup of sack, remarking to those who came to fetch him that " it was a good li(iuor, if a man might stay by it." He said he was ready, and so they set forth. — Hood's Ciio.mwki.i., ch. 2, p. 37. 3580. MEN, Self-made. William Piit. [TTo was first vice-treasurer of Ireland, and shortly after promoted to be paymaster-general.] Pitt, without wealth or high birth, had made Inm- self the marked man of his time .... In livo years he raised a dispirited nation to an uni)re- cedented height of honor and power. — Knight's Eno., vol. 6, eh. 12, p. 179. 35§7. MEN, Similarity in. BahcR. A story is told, how nnmy years since, before the age of railways, a nobleman and his lady, with their infant child, travelling in a wild neighborhood, were overtaken by a snow-storm and compelled to seek shelter in a rude shepherd's hut ; when the nurse, who was in attendance upon her lord and lady, began mulressing the infant by the side of the warm tire, the iidiabitants of the hut gazed in awe and silence at the i)rocess. As the little one was disrobed of its silken frock and line linen, and rich dress after dress was taken away, still the shepherd and his wife gazed with awe, imtil, when the process of undressing was completed, and the naked baby was being wa.shed and warmed by the fire, when all tlie wrap- l)ages and outer husks were peeled off, the shep- iierd and his wife exclaimed, " Why, it's just like one of ours I" Rut it is a very difficult thing to understand that kings and queens and princes are just like one of us when their state robes are off ; and thus the adventures of f ugitivo Charles [II.] derive their interest and sanctity from the sui)posed importance of the person, and the worship with which he is regarded arises from the sense of the place he fills, and his es- sential importance to the future schemes of Al- mighty Providence. — Hood's Cuomwell, ch.l3, p. 169. 35§§. MERCY, Provision for. AhraJiam Lin- coln: His doorkeejters had standing orders from him, that no matter how great might be the throng, if either senators or representatives had to wait, or to be turned away without an audience, he must see, before the day closed, every messen- ger who came to him with a petition for tho saving of life. — Raymond's Lincoln, p. 736. 3589. MERIT, Evidence of. nnlcr. lie who is born in purple is .seldom worthy to reign ; but the elevation of a private man, of a peasant, perhaps, or a slave, affords a strong presumption of his courage and capacity. — Giubon's Rome, ch. 52, p. 325. 3500. MERIT, Force of. Poet Terence. Ter- ence made liis first appearance when Ca'ciliua fill I »fiP 424 Mint IT— MINI). „ 4 i! r n WHS lit tlitt Lcijjlit, of Ills rcpiitiitioii. It is said tliiit, when ho olTcrwl his first ^liiiy totJu! /Kdilcs, tlu-y Hcnl liini with it to r'li'oilius for iiis jutij,'- mciit of llie ])icc('. Ciucilius wastiu'initsuiSpcr ; iiiul us (lie youiiuf Imnl was very incuiily dressed, lie was l»id to sit l)eliiiid on a low slool, and to read liis eoiiipositioii. Seareely, liowever, had lu! read a few sentences, when t'a'ciliiis desired liini to approacii, and placed him al tlie tahio next to liiniself. lIisre|)iitalion arose at onee to such a heii,dil that his " Eunueliiis," on its first appearance, was puhlielv performed twie(! eacli day. — TvTi.Kii's llisr., iJoolc 4, cli. ;{, \^. 4'.M. 3501. MERIT, Ignorance of. Sunurim. [At the saeltinir of Madavn in Persia.] From tlie re- mote islands of tiie Indian Ocean a larut- jjrovi- sion of campliire had been imported, whicli is employed with a mixture of wax to illuminate the iialaees of the East. Htnmgers to the name and pro])ertie9 of that odoriferous Rum, the Sar- acens, mi.stnking it f or salt, minified the campliire in their bread, iiiid were astonished at the bitter- ness of the taste. One of tlie apartments of the palace was decorated with a carpet of .silk sixty cubits in leii^^h and as many in breadth ; a jmr- adis(! or jjarden was depictured on th(i gniund ; the flowers, fruits, and shrubs were imitated by the figures of the gold eniiroidery and the col- ors of the precious stones ; and the ample sipiare Avas encircled by a variegtited and veriiaiit bor- der. The Arabian general persuaded his sol- diers to reliiupiish their cdaim, in the reasonable hope that the eyes of the caliph would be de- lighted with the splendid worknianship of na- ture and industrj'. liegardless of the merit of art and the pomp of royalty, the rigid Omar di- vided the priz(! among his brethren of Aledina ; the i)icture was destroyed ; but such was the in- trinsic value of the materials, that the share of All alone was .sold for 20,000 draui;s. — GiunoNs lio.ME, ch. 51, p. 187. 3«'(94. MEKIT, Nobility by. Mipoleon 1. [The Austrian] Emperor Fnincis . . . was extremely anxious to prove the illustrious descent of his prospective son-in-law. . . . Napoleon refu.sed to have the account published, remarking, " I had rather be the descendant of an honest man than of any petty tyrant of Italy. I wish my nobil- ity to commence with myself, and derive all my titles from the French people. I am the Ru- dolph of Hapsburg of my family. 3[y patent of nobility dates from the battle of Mon'tenotte." — Abbott's Napoi-eon B., vol. l.cli. 1. 3593. MERIT, Partial. Sannid Johnson. ITe talked very contemptuously of Churchill's poet- ry. . . . "No, sir, I calleil the fellow a block- head at first, and I will call him a blockhead ptill. However, I will acknowledge that 1 have a lM>tter opinion of him now than I once had ; f ;)r he has shown more fertility than I expected. To iMJSure, he is a tree that cannot ])roduce go.^l fruit ; he only bears crabs. IJut, sir, a tree that producesft great many cnibs is better tiian u free which produces only a few. " — Boswell's Joiln- SON, p. 11.'). 3594. MERIT, Promolionby. Anr)lo-Sa.mnn. The Saxons, who enjoyed the same liberty with all the ancient Germans, retained that political freedom in their new settlements to which they liad been accustomed in their own country. Thttir kings, who were no more than the chiefs of a clan or tribe, jiossessed no greater authority than what is commonly annexed to that charac- ter in all barliarous nations. The chief, or king, was the first among the citi/.ens, but his author- ity depended more on his i)ersonal abilities than oil his rank. " lie was even so far considered as on a level with the ])eople that a slated jirico was fixed on his head, and a legal tiiU! was levied on his murderer ; which, although proportioned to his station, and su|)erior to tJiat ]iiiid for the life of a subject, Avas a sensible mark of his suliordination to the communily." — Tvti.eu'h Hist., Book, 0, eh. (I, ji. 117. 3595. MERIT, Supremacy of. Napoleon I. [When twenty-six years of age lie Avas made commandqr-in-chief of the army of Italy, Avith veteran offleers under him.] There Avere many A'ery beautiful and dissolute females in Nice, . . . Avlio, trafllcking in their charms, Avere living in great wealth and voluptuousness. , . . Their al- lurements Avere unavailing. . . He had no relig- ious scruples to interfere with his indulgences. ..." I pursued a line of conduct in the highest degree irreproachable and exemplary. . . . My siijiremacv could be retained only by proving myself a lietter man than any other man in the army. Had I yielded to human weakncs.ses I .should have lost my ixjAver." — Abbott's Napg- LKON B., vol. 1, ch. 4. 3590. METAPHYSICS, Contempt for. Xnpo. lion I. [After overcuiniing the Austrian army] li(! entered the celebrated university [at Pavia], accompanied by his military suite. With the utmost celerity he moved from cla.ss to class, asking cpiestions Avith such rapidity the profess- ors could hardly find time or breath to ansAver his qu(,'stions. "What cla.ss is this?" he in- quired, as he entered tlie first recitation room. " The class of metaphysics," was the reply. Na- jioleon, Avlio hiid but very little respect for the uncertain deductions of mental philosopli}', ex- claimed, very einpliatically, " Bah I" and took u pinch of snuif. — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 5. 3597. METHOD, Regulated by. John Wcftlq/. "John Wesley's conversation is goorils.] The moment ho was relieved from all .solicitude, and belield him- .se'f i:i a knoAvn and tranquil sea, the excitement suddenly ceas(;d, and mind and body sank ex- hausted by almost .superhuman exertions. The very day on Avhicli he sailed from Mona he was struck Avitli a sudden malady, Avhich deprived him of memor}-, of sight, and all his faculties. He fell into a deep lethargy, resembling death itself. His crew, alarmed at this jirofound torpor, feared that death avos really at hand. Tliey abandoned, therefore, all further prosecution of the voyage, and spreading their sails to the cast Avind so prevalent in those seas, bore Columbus back, in a state of complete insensibility, to tho harbor of Isabella [from Avhence he had sailed]. — luviNii's Coi.rMBis, Book 7, ch. 7. ; MIND-MINISTKUS. 425 3A90. . WUliavi Prince of Onnige. Till' uudiirily of IiIh spirit wiis lli(< tnoio rcnmrk- iihlc hctiiiiHc Ills piiysical orpmizulioii was ua- usimlly dclicati'. "From ii child li(( had hccii weak and Hickly. In the prime of maiiluxxl his complaints had bet'ii a^rgravated by a severe at- tack of small-pox. lie was asthmatic and con- sumptive. llissU'nder frame was shaken by a constant hoar.se roni^h. He; could not sleep unless Ills head was propped by several pillows, and could scarcely draw his brenlh in any but the purest air. (fruel headaches freiiuenllv tortured him. E.xertion .soon fatigued him. 'f ho i)hysi- cians constantly kept up tho hopes of his enenues by ti.\ing some date beyond which, if there were anything certain in metlic-al science, it was im- possible! that his broken constitution could liold out. Y'jt, through a life which was one long di,seasc, the force of liis mind never failed, on any great occa.sion, to bear up his suffering and languid body. — Macaulay'sEno., ch. 7, p. 155. 3600. MIND, Entertainment of. Dr. Campbell. tDr. Campbell is t^iken to dine with a citizen of iOndon. He .says :] I'll do so no more, for there is no entertainment but meat or drink with that chvss of people. — Knight's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 6, p. 113. 3601. MIND, Infirmities of. Univerital. It is a very ancient remark, that folly has its corner in the brain of every wise man ; and certain it is, that not the poets only, like Ta.sso, but the clearest minds — Sir Lsiuic Newton, Pascal, Spi- noza — have been deeply tinged with in.saiiity. . . . It was at iea.st naturid for Bradford and his con- temporaries, while they acknowledged his [Koger Williams] power as a preacher, to esteem him \msettled in judgment. — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 1, ch. y. 3602. MIND, Surroundings of. CrominU. Robert Cromwell, father of the future sovereign of Pingland, brought up his fanuly in iKjverty. . . . The poor, rough, unyielding nature t)f this 'moist country, the unbroken horizon, the muddy river, cloudy sky, and miserable trees . . . were calcu- lated to sadden the disposition of a child. The character of the scenes in which wo are brought up impresses our souls. Great fanatics generally l)roceed from sad and sterile countries. JVlahom- et sprang from the scorching valleys of Ara- bia ; Luther from the frozen moiuitains of Lower Germany ; Calvin from the inanimate plains of Picardy ; Cromwell from tho stagnant marshes of the Ou.se. As is the place, so is the man. — La.mautink's Cko.mwell, p. 5. 3603. MIND, Undeveloped. lieigii of James IT. [The Roman CJatholic country squire.] The disabilities under which he lay hail prevented his mind from expanding to the standard, moderate as that standard was, which the minds of Protes- tant country gentlemen then ordinarily attained. Excluded when a boy from Eton and Westmin- ster, when a,' Jiith from Oxford and Cambridge, when a man from Parliament and from the bench of justice, he generally vegetated as qui- etly as the elms of the avenue which led to hi.s ancestral grange. His corn-tields, his dairy and his cider press, his greyhounds, his fishing-rod and his gun, his ale and his tobacco, occupied almost all his thoughts. W^ith his neighbors, in spite of his religion, he was generally on good terms. They knew hint to be imambitious and inoffensive.— Maiai'i.av's Eno., ch. 8, p. ;i()0. 3601. MIND undisturbed. SuDnirl Johnson. When a person was mentioned who .said. "I have lived tlfty-one years in this world without having had ten minutes of uneasiness," he exclaimed, "The man who says so lies; lie at, tempts to impose on human Credulity." Tho Bishop of Exeter in vain observed that men were very didVrent. Ilis Lor- trine with Parker, or to calculate with Frobisher the chances of a north-west pa.s.sage to the Indies. The versatility and many-sidedness of her mind enal)led her to understand every pha.se of the intellectual movement about her, iind to tix by a .sort of in.stinct on its higher representativ":. — Hist, ok Eno. Pkoi'i.k, ^ 710. 3606. MINDS, Narrow. Chnnieteristie. Defoe, in general no illiberal judge, complained of tin; inconveniences of Bristol — its narrow streets, its narrow river, and " also another narrow — that is, the n\inds of the generality of its people." — Knight's Enu., vol. 5, ch. 1, [). 7. 3607. MINISTERS constrained. Mtihomet. Aboutaleb, dreading the calamities which woidd attlict the peoi)le through the civil war which the obstinacy of his nephew was about to i)ro- voke, besought the deputies to wait, and sent to call Mahomet. " Avoid then. ".said he to him in their presence, with a tone of rejiroach and ])a- ternal pain, " to bring upon thee and thine the calamities that now inenance us." " Oh, my lui- cle," replied iMahomet, .sadly, " I would wish it were in my powitr to obey tiiee without a crime ; but though the sun were made to descend upon my right and the moon upon my left, to compel me to sileni'O, iinil though death were .set before me face to face, to intimidate me, 1 would not give up the work which I am ordered to at- tempt." In speaking these words he wept Avith regretat not being able to gratify his uncle, and being inevitably cast oil' by him in C(jnse- quence. He made some stejis to leave the as- sembly ; but Aboutiilel), affected by his counte- nance and edified by hiscoiwietion, .said to him, " Come back, my brother's son." >lahomel ap- proached him. " Well," said the uncle to him, " go on prophesj-ing what thou wiliest, never — I vow it here before thy.self and thy accti.sers — shall I abandon thee to "thine enemies." — La.mak- tine's Tl'ukey, p. 70. 360§. MINISTERS, Discreet. Pugans. [Ju- lian the Apostate endeavored to elevate the pagan religion of the Romans. lie said :] When they are summoned in their turn to officiate before the altar, they ought not, during the appointed num- ber of days, to depar". from the precincts of the T 426 MINISTERS— MINORITY. ■ i; temple ; iKir hIiouKI h Hiiif^le day he; HufTered to eliil)se without tlie priiyer.siiii(ltlit'Hii(;rifiee wlileli tliey are obliged to offer for the proNperity of llio Stnte and of individuals. The e-xercise of their sacred funeliouM retpiires an iininaeulate purity, both of mind and Itody ; and even when they are dismissed fromtlie temple to the occupations of common life, it Isincumoent on them to excel in ditcency and virtue the rest of their fellow- citizens. Tile priest of tlie gods should never l)e seen in tlieatres or taverns. His conversation sliould he chaste, Ids diet temperate, his friends of honorabl(! rep\itation ; and if lu; Hometimes visits tht! Forum or the I'alace, heshoidd apjiear only as the advoi'ale of those who have vainly Kolicit(,'d either justice or mercy. His studies should be suited to the sanctity of his profession. — Uihhon'h Uo.mk, ch. 28, p. 426. 3600. MINISTERS, Salary of. £.10 ^^£72. Fin 1(1H8 eminent cler'.'-ynien's income was £72. 'i lie lesser clergymen £ht).J— Kniout'h Enu., vol. 0, ch. 3, p. ati. 3610. . Pxidin Tohacco. [In 1754, in the colony of Virginia, tobacco] was themeas- iire of value, and the i)rincipal currency. Pub- lic otHcers, ministers of the church, had their salaries paid at so many annual i)oun(ls of to- bacco. — Kniohth En(i., vol. 6, ch. 13, p. 207. 361 1 . MINISTERS, WiveB of. Butka in IMI. [Her duties were to see that his dairy was kej)! sweet, his wool convertetl into useful raiment, his strawberry plants trimmed and wat(.'red, ajul his bees hived in due season.] — Knight's Enu., vol. 2, ch. 2», p. 4H8. 3613. MINISTERS, Work of. Lai/. It mav be aftirmed that not only was Methodism found- <'d in the New World by local i)reachers — by Embury in New York, Webb in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, Strawbridge in Maryhuul, Neal in Canada, Gilbert in the West Indies, and Black in Nova Scotia — but that nearly its whole frontier march, from the extreme north to the Gulf of Mexico, has been led on by these hum- ble laborers. — Stevens' M. E. Ciilucii, vol. 2, p. 139. 3613. MINISTRY, Call to the. lit/ a Text. Two of the early Methodists, who.se names were Owen and Carpenter, had freepient conversa- tions about their duty to proclaim the go.spel. Thev agreed to .settle the (juestion by opening the ISible and following the lead of the first pas- sage which i)reseiite(l itself. Owen opened the IJible, and the first sentence his eyes fell upon was, " Woe is me if I preach not the gospel." Carpenter .said, "I cannot." Owen said, "I will ;" the thing with him was settled. — Ste- vens' M. E. Ciiiiicii, vol. 2, p. 334. 361 'I. . MetlmUats. [At tlie third Weslej'iin Conference three tests were given to decide the question for tho.se who felt called to ])reach the gosiicl.] "Have they gifts, grace, and usefulness '.' First : Do they know God as a pardoning God V Have they the love of God abiding in them ? Do they drisire and seek nothing but God ? Are they hoij in all manner of conversation ? Second : Have they gifts (as well as grace) for the work ? Have they (in some tolerable degree) a clear, sound understand- ing ? Have thej' a right judgment in the things of God V Have they a just conception of salva- tion l)y faith ? And has God given them any degree ot utterance ? Do they speak justly, readily, clearly ? Third : Have they fndt 't Aro any truly convinced of sin, and converted to God by their preaching 't As long as the.se Ihreo nuirks concur in any, we believe," alllrmed tho Conference, " that he is called of God toprea(;h. Tlie.se we receive as a HuJfficUnt proof that he is moved thereto by the Holy (Ihont ;" a deeisiou which has never been es.sentially modified [liy the Methodist Church]. — Stevens' Mktiiouis.m, vol, 1. p. 310. 3615. MINISTRY, An early. Iter, lliehard Wdtnon. This eminent theologian of W«'sleyan 3Iethodism entered the nnnistry when sixteen years old. He was remarkable in childhood for the precocity of his faculties. — Stevens' j^Ietu- ODis.M, vol. 3, p. HI. 3616. MINISTRY, Expelled from the. Rer. S(t))iuel ,/ohiiMon. it was resolved that, before the |)unishment was intlicted, .lohn.son should be degraded from the i)riesthood. The prelates who had been charged by the ecclesia.stical com- mission with the care of the diocese of London cited him before them in the chapter liouse of Saint Paul's Cathedral. The manner in which he went through tlu; ceremony made a deej) im- ])ression on many nnnds. When he was stripped of his sacred roi)e, he exclaimed, " You are tak- ing away my gown because 1 have tried to keep your gowns on your backs." Tin; only part of the formalities which seemed todistresshim was the ])lucking of the liible out of his hand. Ho made a faint struggle to retain the sacred hook, kissed it, and burst into tears. " Y'ou cannot," he said, " deprive me of the hopes which I owe to it." [He had written tra(;ts against Uomau- ism.] — Macailav's Enu., ch. 0, p. 09. 3617. MINORITY, Power of. Jt iiK'ili"'' 'I't' Vdici- of (lie nation ; theni will Ix" nine in ten apiiiiNt you !" " Very well," Buys Cromwell; "but wlmt if I should disarm thu nine, and |)ut tho sword in the tenth man's liand — would not thai do the business V" — Note IN Tyti.ku'm IIiht., Hook «, eh. HO, p. 410. 3010. MINORITY, Freiumptuoui. Aniicrinf/ Knijliiiid. TIk! lure to James was tins ha id of the Kn>,dish khiK'n dau^jhler, iMarj^niret Tudor. For five years the neKoliations dra,ir^;ed wearily nlonjr. 'I'lie biller hale of llie two neoples block- ed the way, and even Henry's ministers objected that the knjflish crown mi>;ht be made by tlie match the herilii>;e of a Scottish kinj;. " Then," tliey said, "Sc((lland will anne.x England." " No," said the king, with shrewd sense; "in Buch a ca.so England woidd annex Hcolland, for th(! greater always draws to it thu less." His steady jiressureai last won the day. In 15021110 marriage! treaty with th(! Scot king ^vas formal- ly concluded; and (piiet, as Henry trusted, se- cured iu the north. — Hiht. ok ENd. Peoim.k, g 500. 3030. MIRACLE, Fraudulent. Weeping Vir- gin. At Lorello llien; was an imago of tlio Vir- gin, which the ('hurch rei)resented as of celestial origin, and which . . . .seemed to shed tears in view of the perils of the Papacy. NaiJoleon sent for the sacred imago, o.xposed the deception, by yvhich, through the instrumentality of glass beads, tears ap|)eared to tlow, and miprisoned the priests for (leluding the people with trickery ■which tended to bring all religion into contempt. — Ahhott's Nai'olkon B., vol. 1, cli. 7. 3031. MIRACLES, False. JMphic Pricxts. The town of Delphi, famous for it.s oracle, wa.s a tempting object of plunder, from the treasures accumulated in its temple. These were saved by the laudable arlirtco of the jmests. After or- dering the inhabitants of the town to qtiit tlieir liouses, and fly \vith their wives and children to the mountain's, tlieso men, from their .skill in that species of legerdemain winch can work mir- acles upon the rude and ignorant, contrived, by artificial thunders and lightnings, accompanied ^vith horrible noises, ^vllile vast fragments of rock }iurled from (ho precipices gave all the appear- ance of an ('arlli(|uake, to create such terror in the assailing Persians [under Xerxes], that they lirmly believed the divinity of the place liad in- terfered to i)rotect his temple, and tied \vith dis- may from the sacred territory. — Tyti.eh's Hist., Books, ch. 1, p. 134. 3023. . Mahomet's. TJic votaries of ^[alioniet are more assured than himself of his miraculous gifts, and their confidence and credulity increase as they are further removecl from the tinu; and i)lace of his spiritual ex- l)loits. They believe or affirm that trees went forth to meet him ; that he was saluted by stones ; that water gushed from his fingers ; that he fed the hungry, cured the sick, and raised the dead ; that a beam groaned to him ; that a camel com- plained to him ; that a shoidder of mutton in- formed him of its being ])oisoned ; and that both animate and inanimate nature were ecpially sub- ject to the apostle of God. — Giubok's Mahom- et, p. 25. 3023. . Mahomet's. A mysterious animal, the Borak, conveyed him from the temple of Mecca to that of .Jerusalem ; with hist companion Gabriel he; successively ascended X\n\ Heven heavens, and received and repaid the sal- utations of the patriarchs, the ])ropbets, and the angels, in their resju'ctlvt! mansions. Be- yond the seventh heaven Mahomet alone was perndtted to proceed ; he passed llu; veil of uni- ty, aiiproached within two l)ow shots of thc! throne, and felt a cohl that pierced him to the heart when his shoulder was touched by the hand of (iod. After this familiar thoUL'ii Im- portant conversation he again descended to .le- ru.salem, rem-deacon, one of these glorious sufferers, who is now lodged in the palace of the Emperor Zeno, and is respected by the devoiit emi)re.ss." At Conslantinoi)l(! wo are astonished to find a cool, a learned, and un- excei)tionable witness, witliout interest and without passion. -iEneas of Ga/a, a Platonic ])hilosopher, lias accurately described his own oiiservations on these African sulTerers : " I saw them myself ; I heard them speak ; I diligently iiKjuiied by what means such an articulate voice could be formed without any organ of speech ; I used my eyes to examine the report of my ears ; I o|iened "their mouth, and .saw that the whole tongue had been coniiiletely torn away by the roots — an operation which the jihysicians geiier- allj' sujijiose to be mortal." The testimony of yEiieas of Gaza might be confirmed bj' the su- perfiuous evidence of the Emperor .lustiiiian, in a perpetual edict ; of Count Marcellinus, in his chronicle of the times ; and of Pope Gregory I., who bad resided at (Jonstantinople as the minister of the Roman pontiff. — Gibuon's Rome, ch. 85, p. 557. 3025. MIRACLES, Modern. Pasenl. Pascal was fully iiersuaded that miracles were still jiei- formed in this world. One of his nieces was af- flicted, for three j'cars and a half, with a flstu'ia in the tear-gland of one of her eyes, wliich the most eminent surgeons of Paris pronounced in- curable. The mother of the child, acting upon ^mm^ 4--IH MIRACLES— MISSION. IIk- lulvlco of PuHonl, l»M)k Ikt ton rlmrcli wIuth WHS prcsiTvcd what was ciillrd " llic holy lliorn" — tlial U, oiic of (lie tlioniM of Clirlm's crown of tlioniM. 'I'lic llstiilti was llu'ii so liad tliiil iiiiiltcr ran from ii, not only tliroii^li tlic rye, liut fioiii the nose and nioiilli. " Ncvcrlliclcss," slic sjiys, " llir child wuscnrcd, in a nionicnt, Ity thcloiicli of the lioly Ihorn." — C'vt i.oi'KDIa ok Hiou., p, lo:». :i«il;yplian and Syrhm monks were considered tlw favorites of lieaven, and wen? aceustomeil to curt! inveteriitiMliseases willi u loucli, ii word,] or ii (lislant mes.sa>>;e, and to expel tlie most oltslinatit demons from tlie souls or l)odie.s widcli tliey pos- HcsHcd. 'I'liey familiarly accosted, or imperious- ly eommanded, tlie lions and serpents of the des- L'rls ; infused ve>;elation into a sapless trunk; Husp<'nded iron on (Ik; surface of tho water ; passed the Nile on tlio hack of ii crocodile, and refreshed themselves in ii fiery furnace. These t'.\travaj,'ant tales, wliich display tlu! fiction, witli- out the genius, of poetry, lnivoserif)UslvalTected the reason, the faith, and the morals of the Christians. — (Jinnos'hi Homk, cli. U7, p. MO. »6ar. MIBTH, 111 timed. Cromirdl. [Trial of Charles 1.] Another of his relations, (!olonel Injjoldshy, entered the hall accidentally while the olHcers were sifrninif the sentence' of the I'ar- liament, and refused to set his nanu! to an net that his conscience disapproved. ( 'rom well rose from his seat, and claspinjj Injjoldshy in his arms, as if the death-warrant of the kinu; was II camp froli(\ carried him to the table, aiid^niid- in^ the jx'ii in his liand, forced him to siirii. with n laiii^'h and a joke. When all had alHxcd their names, Cromwell, as if unable to contain his joy, snatched the i)en from the lin;jers of the ia.sl, dipped it anew in llie ink, and smeared the face of his next neijjhlior, citlierthinkiiiiror not thiid<- inir that in that ink hi; beheld the blood of his kin^^ — La.m.vktink'm Ckomwki.i,, p. 44. ;i6*i§. MISFORTUNE, Born to. Chovhit L There were many unfortiuiale circunihtances which combined to brin^ about the unhap|iy doom of Charles I. Hi; was unforlunale in his own nature, in liimself ; it was ludiappy that one with ii nature so weak and ii will so stroni; should be called upon to facc^ men and circum- stances such as he f(jund arrayed auainst him. Hut we have always thounht tint most unfortu- nate in the life ut Charles t > have been that he was the son of his fatiier. The name of .lames I. has become, speakinir on the best authority, .syn- onymous with every sentim "Ul of contempt. It is ((uito doubtful whether i; sinirle feature of character or a sinjrle incident in his liistory can command unchallenired regard or res|)ect ; that about him which does not provoke indiirnation excites laughter. His conduct as .sovereiirn of his own country, of Scotland — before he succeed- ed to the throne of Euirland — was such as to awa- ken more than our sus])icion, beyond doubt to rouse oui- abhorrence, ile has been handed down through history as a f^reat investigator of tlie mysteries of kingcjaft ; but tlie record of the criminal trials of Scotland shows that he chioHy «'.\erci.sed his sagacity among tI.ose mysteries for the imrpose of procuring vengeance on those mon.sters of iniquity who had sneered at his per- son or undervalued his abilities. Whenever his own person was reflected on he followed the dif lin, \\. 4."). 3«:ia. MISFORTUNES, Effect of. Fmhriek the (Ivtiit. (Hy till! misfortunes y. His face was so haggard and his form so thin that when on his return from Hobeniia he passed throu.ub Leipsic, the people hardly knew him again. His sleep was broken; the tears in spite of himself often started into his eyes ; and the grave began to present itself to his agitated mind as the best refuge from miseiy and dishonor. ... He always carried about with him a sure and speedy poison in a small glass ca.sc ; and to the few in w Ikjiii he placed confldence he niado no mystery of his resolu- tion. — MaCAULAY'S FllKUEKICK TllK GKKAT, p. i'O. 3033. MISSION in Life. Willi'ini Princf of OrtiHf/e. (He had be«'n invited to invade Eng- land, to rescue it from tyraiiii}' and Catholicism.] Hundreds of Calvinislic iireachers proclaimed that tlie same jxiwer which liad set apart Sam- .son from the womb to be the .scourge of tlio J'liilistine, and which had called (Jideon from the threshing-tloor to smite the Midianite, had raised up William of Orange to be the chnm- MI88I()N-MIHHION8. 4^iU |)ion of nil fr*M> imtionHiiiid of nil piinMliurclicH ; nor \\{in tliJH iiiitioii without intliicnrtton Ills own initui, To tlie conddiiu-d wliii li tlic Ih-roii; fit tallHl plttct'd in liislMMfh (U'Mliny iin)rou;;ht him safe tw land ; and that, on twenty fields of hattle, tlie cannon-i)alls passed him to tlie rii^ht and kit. — .Mac at lay's Km,., cli. 7, J). 170, .1«:M. mission mitjudged. Sfnin;/,ri>. \Kbvj; Louis l'liilip|)e and ills hmtliers visited America, and went W est in disguise.) In a log-tavern of a sln^rle apartment, wherein thc^ guests slept on the llixir and llie landlord anl his wife on the only lied-ilead, the duke overheard the landloiil, in llie ni>(ht, sayin/r to his wifo what a pity it was that three such i)r(imiH(n>j youiiLr men should lie roaiuinj; aliout the country witli- oul olije( I, insleail of liuying land in that settle- iiieiU and estalilisliinjr themselves respectably. — Cvn.iii'i;i)iA oi' Mioo., p. 501). HWM. MISSIONABIES, Disooveriea by. Caih- oli<\ Y(!ars het'ore the I'ilifrims anchored within Cape Cod. the Uomaii C hurch had heen planted, by niissi. diaries from France, in tlie Eastern moiety of Maine ; and Le Caron. an miambi- tious I'^ranciscan, iIk^ companion of Cliam|ilain, luid penetrated the lands of the Mohawks, had passed to the north into the huutinsjj-jjrounds of the Wyandots, and, bound by his vows to the life of a lie;;!far, had, on loot, or iiaddliii!; a bark cannoe, trone onward end still onward, taking alms of the savages, till he reached the rivers of Lake 11 iron. — IJa.ncuokt'h I'. S., vol. a. eh. liO. 3«;i«. MISSIONARIES, Heroism of, JrHuih. Immediately ' n its institution liii'ir missiona- ries, kindled with a heroism which delitid every danger and endured every toil, made their way to the ends oft lie earl h ; they raised the endilem of man's salvation on the .Mofuccas. in India, in Ju- lian, in ('ochiii Cliina ; they penetrated Klliiopia, ami reaclied llie Abyssinians ; tbe^' planted mis sions among Uie Callres ; in California, on llie banks of the Maranhon, in th(,> jilains of Para- guay, they invited the wildest of barbarians to the civi'li/ation if Ciiri.stianitv. — Banciiokt's L'. S., vol. ;3, eh. »0:t7. MISSIONABIES, Zealous, IHxh. Pat- rick, the liisl mis onary of the island, had not been half a century dead when Irish Christianity Hung itself with a'litiy zeal into battle wiiii the mass of heathenism which was rolling in upon the Christian world. Irisli missionaries labored among the Picts of the Highlands and among the Fi'isians of ilu; nortliern was. An Irish mi.s- .sionary, Columba, foiuided monasteries in Bur- gundy and the A|)ennines. The Canton of St. Gall still commemorates in its nanu' another Irish mi.ssionary, before whom the spirits of Mood and fell lied wailing over the waters of the Lake of Constance. For a lime it seemed as if the courM' of the world's history was to be chaiigcd ; a.M if the older (VIlic race that lioinan anil 'Jer- man had switpt In-fore them had turned to the moral coiiqueHt of their coniiuerors ; as if Ci-ltic and not Latin Christ iaidly was to moidd the . missions by Conquest, luiilnir. The king |of Portugal), entering warmly into his [Alfonso d'Albui|uer(|ue| views, gave him a se cret (■ommission as (Jovernor in-Chief of the In- dies, wjib powers almost ab>niute, and with orders to go out merely as ciii>tain of one of tlu; ships of a fleet, and, on reaching India, to pro- duce his commission and a-suiiK! the suiiremo command, lie set sail in l.'iOtl, in the tlfty- fo\irt|] year of his agi', commanding oiu! vessel of a tleet of fourteen .sail. His coinmi.ssion ex- pressly stated that the king's tirst object was tlui spread of Christianity, and that to this end all ollieis were to be striclly .secondary. (India was not Cliristiani/.eil by an armed tleet,]— ('vti.oi'i-,- DiA OK BiiKi., p. ;{i;{. !I«40. MISSIONS destroyed. In.hipiin. Polit- iciil tenets, it may !■■ believed, had mingled them- selves with religious notions, and the emperor was very .justly appreliensi\(' that this fervor sliowfi by the S]ianiards and Portuguese for the conversion of his subjects was but a preparative totheirdi'signsagainst the empire itself. . . . Still, however, the indulgenee of the emperor allowed theses foreigners a free trade till the year 1ISH7, when a .Sjianish sliiit happened to be taken by the Dutch, near the Cape of Good Hope, on board of wliicli were found letters from a Portu- guosi? ollicer to the court of Spain, containing the project of a conspiracy for dethroning and putlingto death the Emiierorof .lapan, and sei/.- ing the government. The Dutch were jealous of th(^ lucrative trade carried on by tlw Spaniards in this country, and immediately conveyed in- telligence of this conspiracy to the court of .la- lian. The Portuguese olticer was seized, and confessed the whole design, lie was immediately put to death, and the emperor, in a solemn as- .seinl/ly of his nobles, iironoiinced an c^dict for- biddiiiix. on ]iain of dealli, any of his subjects leavin;: the kingdom, and commanding that all the Spaniards and Portuguese should be instantly cxiielied from .lapan ; that all Clnistiau converts should b(^ impri.soned, and olTering a very high reward for the discovery of any jiriest or mis- sionary who slioukl remain in his dominions. The Christians actually rose in lU'ins, and were mad enough to attempt resistance, but they were overpowered and expelled to a man. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 0, eh. 24, p. 250. 3tt4l. MISSIONS develop Science, Columbus. [Discovery of unknown lands.] A deep re- 43U MI8HI0NH— MODKHTV. I IltrloiiN w'DlliiK'nt iniiiKli'tl with IiIm incilitntlonM, IIMli ^liVC Ihl'llt lit liniCN li lillUI llf NII|HT>«lil|l)||, liiit il wiiNof u siiltliiiK'uiid lofiy kind ; III' ItMiki'fi il|M>ii lilinsi'lfiiM NtainliiiK in tlif liiiiiilor lli'iivin, clioHi-ii rniin iiiiiiiii>( iiii'ii for tlir iici'oiiiiiliNii ini'iil (if its IiIkIi |Mir|iiiNi> ; lie rnid, us lir niii) ixmi-il, Ids <'ollli'lil|iliit('ii dlHcovi'rv fnl'i'tiild ill lliily Writ, and Mliadnwcd lurtli diirkly in liii> iiiysilc rcvi'lalions of llir pioiilicls. 'rin'ciidsitf till! carlli wci'i' Id lie liruiiirjit lii^rllii'r, and ail iia tiniiM Htid liiniriii's and lanKiiaKi"^ iiniD'd iiiidtT the liaiiiii'i's of till' Iti'dccinci'. This was to Ik' the triiiinpliani consiiininalion of Ids niicriirisc, liriiiKiiiK III'' rciniitc and niiknowti rr^ionsof liic earth into coiiiiniinioii willi Chri-^tian Kiirii|ii' ; carrying the IIkIiI of Hk' inic faith into luniixht mI and pa^an lands, and pitlicrini^ their coiiiil- Icss nations under the holy iloniinioii of the cliureh. . . . Coliiinhiis llrst roneeived an en- thusiastie idea, or rather made a kind of iiii'iilal vow, which remained more or less present to his mind until tlie verydayof hisdeatii. lie deter- mineil tiiat, should his projected enterprise he Hticcessfnl, he would devoti^ llie profits arising from his anticipated discoveries to a crusadi^ for the rescue of the holy sepulchre from the jiower of the inlldcls. — IiiviNd's C'uiAMitt s, Hook 'i, ch. 4, f). SKMtl. MISSIONS, Suooeiittil. Ti) .lip,in. The Siianiards, soon after they olitained the sover- eignity of I'orlupil, availed theiiiHelves of the discovery of these islands, and liejian to carry on an immense trade to the coast of Japan. The | tliipanevo' wens fond of this intercourse, and the , ♦■inperor encourajicd it ; hut this favoralile dis- jHisition was nothinij: more than an incentive to | th(! amhition of the SpMhiards to ainiat tluMthso- lute soverei;jnty of the countrv. For this pur- pose they hepm liy their usuaf rnodiMif einpluy- inj? missionaries to convert the idolatrous .Iiipan ese to the Christian reliifjon. Le^^ions of jiriests ■were sent over, and so /ealous were they in their function, that toward th- end of the sixteenth century they hoasled that the iiumher of their new converts amounted to no less than (t()(),!Ki'>. tSee iMisslons Destroyed.] — TviLKii's III- , Jook fl, ch. 24, p. 2.")(). 364:i. MISSIONS to be sustained. MdrilU' B. Cox. [lie was alioiit to einliark as a missionary to Liheria, and die a martyr's death.] Ton stu- dent of the Wesleyan Univi-rsity he remarked, " If I die in Africa, you must come and write i my epitaph." " What shall it he ?" asked his youuf,' friend. " Write," he replied," ' Letathou- saud fall hefore Africa be given up.' " fin less than tlvc months after his arrival, in IHiW, he sle])t in an Ciujucir. African grave.] — STiiVioNs' 31. E. 36-14. MISSIONS, Zeal for. T)i: rhoimis Coke. [A friend remonstrated with Dr. Thomas Coke when he proposed to go to India at his own ex- pense una there estahlish Weslevan mis.sions, he being nearly .seventy years old, ] He replied: " Iain now dead to Europe and alive for India. God Himself has said to me, Go to Ceylon I I wouUl rather be .set naked on it.s coa.st, and with- out a friend, than not to go. I am learning the Portuguese language continually." — Stevenb' Methodism, vol. 3, p. 330. 3045. MISTAKE, Encouraging. Columbus. The great mistake with Columbus and others will, sliared Ills oiiinloiiM wiin not coiiciTnln^ tho llgiire of the earth, but in regard to IIm nI/c, Ho bi'lieviil the uorld to Ih' no morelhiiti ten thou* Hand or twelvi> tliiaisaiid miles in circumference. Hetlierefore conlldenlly ex|M'cled that after sail- ing about three thoUMiind mileM to the wesiwaril he should arrive at the Kasi Indies ; ami to do that was the one great purpose of his life. — Uijii'Arii's I . H., eh. 3, p. M. 30 liir>u>, lii> wiiNiitoiici! Holicilcil III iiiiiki' an ex- iillHlliiii of liiiiiMcIf, or, iiM wi! Niiy, " HI ri'iit Ji ovutioii." Il*> iiKxIfMlly iiNki'd to li<< fXcUMi'il. Niicli itii cxlilliilloii, III' Hitlil, witN not nrci'MMiirv, iinil I mild Hot lirl|) tint <'iiiini> ; nor woiilil tlii- Ainiririin |ii'o|>li', lii> tlioiiKlit, isli'i'in liiiii tlin less Imtiiiisi' lie viili'tl IiIh Morrows In iirlvmv. All lir iiNki'd witM to Ihi iiIIowi'iI to ntrii liU living liy lionrMt liiixir, iinil rrnitiin iiniliT llii' iiroli'ctlonof till' Aini'ririiii tlii^ until the llnii'Niioiililronii' fur ri'iiiwiii;; till' iitli'Mipt vvliirli IrciiMon hail fric^trat- I'll only tor II liiiir. Kroiii hi'ln^ ti ^I'lirral in roininanil of an army, Oarilialili lii'caiiii'a Stati'ii IhIiiiiiI ranilli' inakrr, anil hooii ri'Miiniiil his old calling of nmriiu'r, — Cvci-oi'KUlA o*" Uiuu., l*. 4tMt. :|l'l ""d ii bill of c.xchantro for ,€2.'>,00<).— Kniuht's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 14, p. 230. 3053. MONEY, Changed Value of. Dinroml. [The relative value of money in the lifteenth century was fifteen times ^M'eater than at the present day.] — K.nkiht's Eno., vol. 2, ch. H, p. 121. 365.1. MONEY, Corrupted by. James If. Ba- rlllon [the French ministerj received them civil- ly. Rochester [priinc-nunister of James II. 1, grown bolder, proceeded to ask for money. " It will be well laid out," ho said ; "your master cuunot employ his revenues better. Kejiresent to him strongly how important it is that the King of England should be dependent, not on his own people, but on the friendship of France alone.". . . liarillon hastened to communicate to Louis [XIV.] the wishes of the English Govern- ment ; but Louis had already anticipated them. His first act, after ho was apprised of the death of Charles, was to collect bills of exchange on England to the amount of 500,000 livres, a sum equivalent to about £37,500 sterling. [See Kxcuws, IgnomlnioiiN, No. lOTM, |— Macallav'* Knii., ch. •!, p, 42.5. 3«AI. MONEY, Dangert of. Sju,rl,». Xen- ophon acquaints us that when l.yHander liad taken Athens he i iit to Sparta many rich spoiU and 470 talents of silver. The coming of this huge mass of wealth created great dispuies at Hparta. Many celebrated l.yMander's praises, anii rejoiced exceedingly at this good forliine, as they < iilled it ; others, who were betler aci|Uainted with the nature of things, and with their coiisti- tulion.wereof quiteanotheropinion ; lliey looked j upon the receipt of this Ireiisiiie asaii open viola- linn of Hie lawsof Lyciirgus ; and Iliey exprissed I their apprithensloiis loudly, thai, in process of time, they might, by a change in their manners, pay inllnllely more for this mnmy than it was I worth. The event Jiistilied their fears. — Pi.i • j TAiirirs Lvt I mil H. I 3055. MONEY debated. WtthTron. [Lyctir- giis, (he LacediemoiiiMii lawgiver, wishing to pro- duce an equality of wealth,] stopped the cur- rency of the gold and nilver coin, and ordered that they should make use of iron money only : then to a great quantity and weight of this lie assigned but a small value, so that to lay up 10 miiiiv a wlioli' room was reqiiireil, and to reinovo it nothing less than a yoke of oxen. When this became current, many kinds of injuHtice ceased in Lacedieinon. Who w ould steal or take a brilx', who would defraud or rob, when he could not conceal the booty ; when he could neither be dignilled by the iiosucssion of it, nor, if cut in j)ieces, be served by its use 't For we are told lliiit when hot they quenched it in vinegar to make it brittliMinil iinmalleable, and consequently unlit for any other service. In the next place, he ex- cludeil unprotitable and siipcrlluous arts ; indeed, if he had not done this, most of tliein would have fallen of themselves, when the new money took place, as the manufacturers I'ould not lu; dis- |iosed of. Tlu.'ir iron coin would not \w^- i» th') rest of (Jreece, but was ridiculed and despised, HO that the Spartans had no means of purchasing any foreign or curious wares ; nor did any mer- chant-ship unlade in their harbors. There were not even to be found in ail their country either sophists, wandering fortune-tellers, keepers of infamous hou.ses, or dealers in gold iiiul silver trinkets, because there was no money. Thus luxury, losing by degrees the means that cher- ished and supported it, died away of itself ; even they who had great i)ossessions had noadvantago from them, since tliey could not Ix; displayed in public, but must li(^ u.seless, in unregariled re- positorif«. — Pl.UTAlUIl'S LYCUUCiLH. 3050. MONEY declined. Penmon. Halifax. . . offered a pension to [Alexander) Pope, .saying that nothing should be demanded of him for it. The young poet had not earned an indepen- dence, and was in feeble health. " I wrote," he says, "to Lord Hiilifax to thank him for his most obliging offer, .saying that I had consid- ered the matter over fully, and that all the differ ence that I could find in liaving and not having a pension was, that if I had one I might live more at large in town, and that if I had not, I might live happily enough in the country. So the thing dropped, and I had my liberty with- out a coach." — Knight's Enu., vol. 5, ch. 26, p. 416. ! !| 432 MONEY. aOAT. MONEY depreciated. " Clifyped." The millt'd nioiicy (iisappcuri'd almost n.s fast as it wus iuiiiidd, and tlic liaiiuncred money was clipped and pure;' more and more, till it was often i. * worth half or even ii third of the sum for which it passed. At Oxford, indeed, ii huuilred pounds' woilh of the current silver n)oney, which ought to have weighed four hundred ouncs. wils found to weigh only a hundred and sixteen. Every mouth tlu) stall! of things was becoming worse and worse. The cost of conuncHlities was con- .staiilly rising, and every i)ayment of anyanumnt involveil endless altercations. In a bargain not only had the prici of the article to be settled, but also the vidue of the money in which it was to lie paid. — Fowi.Jin's Lo.kk, ch. C. St05M. . " Clipjwl and pared." All counnenial transactions had become disar- ranged ; no one knew v hat he v, as really worth, or wiiat any conunodity might cost him a tew moullis hence. Macaulay, who has given u must gnii>hic desrrijjtion of the linancial condi- tion of the country at this time, hardly exaggx'r- ates when he says, " It may be doubted whether all the misery which had been inllicted ou the Enirlish nation in a (fuarter of a century by bad kings, bad ministers, bad parliaments, and bud judges was c(|\ial to the misery causecl in a sin- gle year by bad crowns and bad shillings." — FoWI.Kll's Lv.CKE, ch. G. _ 3f a Xew Eng- land woman, knew how to worlv with her own bail Is, .so that the small resources, which men of the least opulent class would have deemed a very imi'.i'rfect sui)p(:rt, A\ere sutlieient for his .simple wants. Vet such was the union of dig- nity with economy, that w lioever visited him saw around him every circumst;;nci' of propri- ety. — lJ.\NCR(>i'"r's U."S., vol. 5, ch. 10. .'ittOl. MONEY, Earning. Ahr/iham. Liiifoln. I was about eighteen years of age. 1 belonged, you know, to what they call down youth the " scruba" — people wiio do not own slavcnarc no- bo')at to take produce to market. Two men engaged him to t^ike them.selve.s and tlieir tnmks out into tlio stream to the steamboat.] I sculled them out to the steamboat. They got on board, and I lifted up theii heavy trunks, and put tliem on deck. . . . Each of them took from his pocket a silver half dollar, and threw itou the tloorof my boat. [He exi)ected oidy two or three bits.] 1 could scarcely believe my eyes when I saw the money. ... I could scarcely credit that I, a poor boy, bad earned a dollar m less than a day ; . . . tho world seemed wider antl fairer before me. I wa3 a mori! hopeful and confident l)cing from that time. — H.\Y.M()M>'8 Lincoln, p. 754. 3««2. MONEY expensive. (%irh's T. ITe was reckless in his extravagance, he woidd li.sten to no advice, his embarrassments increa.sed daily ; he did not like i)arliaments, and without parlia- ment how could he obtain a iiarliamentary grant ? So he ordered the sheiiifs of all tho comities to demand of all persons of substance, within their re^ipective limi's, a free gift propor- tionate to the necessities of the king ; the .sher- iffs al.so were ordered to take strict cognizance of all iiersons who refused to contribute, and tho names of such given in to the Privy Council were marked out for ])eriH'tual harrying and hostility by the court. He did not gain much by this obnoxious and arbitrary scheme — only about i'.jO.OtX), it is .said ; but it lost him the confidence and the affection of the entire nation. — llooD'a cuoMWK.,L, ch. 2, p. yy. 3663. MONEY, Love of. Ji irs. Immediately after the coiKpiest of Granada he [Ferdinand of Spain) expelled all the Jews from the kingdom — a most impolitic ste|), which dei)rived Spain of about 150,000 inhabitants. The greatest jiart of these look refuge in Portugal, and carried with them their arts, their iudu.stry, and tleir com- merce ; the rest .sailed over into i^.fiica, where they were still more inhumanly u.sed than in Si)ain. The Jloors of that country are .said to have rijiped open their bellies in order to search for the gold which they wen; su])po.se(l to he.v con- cealed in their bowels. — Tyti.eu'sHist., BookC, ch. 14, p. 21i). 3664. MONEY, Meanness and. lie n r y I IT. [King Henry III. made the royal oflice a trade.] History presents him in scarcely any other light than that of an extortioner or a lieggar. . . . The records of the exche([uer abundantly show that for forty years " there were no contrivances for obtaining money so mean or unjust that he dis- dained to ])racti.se them." . . . 'I'he pope had more than an equal share of the spoil. — Kniout's En(i., vol. 1, ch. 24, p. i3(Jl. 3663. MONEY, Paper. MnivifneUirfd. [John Law, a Scotch adventurer who had mad(! a fort- une at the gaming-table, proposed to retrieve tho immense j)ul)lie debt of France by the following system :] Indetinit(,' issue of jiaiier money, which was to be substituted for the pri'cious metals as the circulating metlium. Gold and silver, he ar- gued, have no real, but only a conventional value; the supply of them is limited, and cannot be in- creased at plea.sure. If, then, their value can be transferred to paper, which can easily be is.sued toany desired amount, itisevident that national wealth may be augmented to an almost incou- l\ MONEY. 433 ccivable extent. A bank was opened in 1716, hut at first only as a i)rivate enterprise. Its suc- <'ess was rapid and complete ; and in December, 1718, tlie regent converted it into a royal banlt, tlie State becoming the projirie^or of tlie wliole of its twelve hundred shares. — Stcdknth' France, ch. 23, g 4. 3A66. MONET, Paper. AHxigiKitK. To meet the urgency of the moment, the corporation of L'aris contracted to take a certain portion of the [estules of the church, all of wliich had been contisca- led, and] wliich was to be resold in course of time to privat'j individuals ; other municipalities followed this example ; and as I'lcy were unable to p;iew England was now thoroughly aroused. In order to pro- vide the Ways and means of war, a colonial con- gress was convened at N'^w York. Here it was resolved to attempt the ('oiupicsl of Canada by manhiu!,' an army by way of Lake Champlain against .Montreal. At the same; time .MassaehuselH was to eo-o|HTate with the liind forces liy send- ingafieet. by wayof the St. Lawrence, for the re- duction of Quebec. . . . Vexatious delays retard- ed the expedition until the miditle of October. Aleanwhile an Almaki Indian had carried tlio news of the coming armament to Fronlenac, Governor of Canada ;and when the tlcet came iti sight of the town, the castle of St. J.ouis was sd well garrisoned and provisioned as to bid dcli- ance to thi; English forces. The oppoitunity was lost, and it only remained for IMii|)ps to snU back to Boston. To meet the cxj - - of ihi.'i unfortunate expedition, Massaehu!' . »; olilig- ed to issue bills of credit, whic! ,., aide £ legal tender in the paynu^nt of d( '-uiiwa^ the origin of ^>rt;>6'/' moiici/ in Auic i< ' - -lCii> i-ATiis U. 8., ch. 16, p. 149. 3670. MONEY, Power of. Polltind. [Ivssex having olTended Queen Elizabeth slus refused to renew his patents for the valuabic m>)nopoly of sweet wines when they expired, saying,] la order to manage an ungovernable beast, he must be stinted of liis jiroveuder. — Kmuiit's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 18, p. 285. 3671. . Samvel Johimon. In civ- ilized society jwrsonal merit will not serve yoii so much as money will. Sir, you may make tho experiment. Go into the street, and give oiio man a lecture on morality, ami another ashilling, and sec which will respect you most. If yoa wish only to support nature, Sir AMIliam Petty fixes 3'our allowance at £3 a year ; but as times are much altered, let us call it £<>. This sum will fill your belly, shelter you from the weather, and even get you a strong lasting coat, suppos- ing it to be made of good bull's hide. Now, .sir, all beyond this is artiticial, and is desired in. order to obtain a greater degree of respect frniii our fellow-creatures. And, sir, if .i'GOO a year proeurea man more conseciuence, and, of course, more happiness, than £6 a year, the same i)ro- portion will hold as to £6000, and so on, as far as opulence can be carried. Perhaps he who has a large fortune may not be so hai)py as ho who has a small one ; but thai must proceed from other causes than from his having tin; large fortune ; for, art^'iis pnrihus, he who is rich in a civilized society nuist be happier than, he wlio is poor ; as riches, if projwrly used (and it is a man's own fault if they are not), must bo productive of the higliest advantages. Money, to lie sure, of its(4f is of no use, for its only use is to i)art with it. — Boswell'b Johnson, p. 121. 3©ra. . Didim JuUnnus. [lie had purcliasctd tlic throne of the Roman Empire at auction.] He had rea.son to tremble. On the throne of the world he found himself without a friend, and even without an adherent. The guards- themselves were ashamed of the priuco whom their avarice had persuaded them to ac- cept ; nor was there a citizen who did not co:isider • n I I 434 MONEY. f 1 - i '\\ k 1,11 his elevation witli horror, ns the last insult on the Konian name. The nobility, whose conHpicuous fttjition and ample possessions exacted the strict- est caution, dissembled their sentiments, and met the adeoted civility of the emperor •with smiles of complacency and jirofessions of duly. But the peojjle, secvu'e in their inimbers and o'b- sciu-ity, gtw'ii a free vent to their i)assions. Tlw. stre(,'ls and iv,il)lie places of Jtomc! n-sounded ■with clamors and imprecations. The enraged multitude alTronted the jjcrson of Julian, reject- «'d his liberality, and, conscious of the; impo- tence of their own resentment, they called aloud on the legions of the frontiers to assert the vio- lated majesty of the Uoman Empire. — Giuuon's Ku.ME, cii. 5, p. 129. 3073. MONEY, Pressure for. LW/fnt Due d'Orltini.i. 'I'here had been a very large annual «leticit for fifteen successive years, which had been made uj) by selling olllces and borrowing money. When the regent took the reins of ])Ower, he found, 1st, an almost incalculable debt ; 2il, 80(>,0UU,0()() francs then due ; M, an empty treasury. Almost every on(! in Paris, from princes to lackeys, who had any i)roperty at ail, held the royal paper, then worth one foiirtii its apparent value. "What was to be done ? They tried the wildest expedients. The coin Avas adulterated ; new bonds, similar to those we tall " preferred," were issued ; men, enriched by .speodating upon the necessities of the govern- uieiit, were S(iueezcd until they gave up their millions. If a man was very rich, and not a nobleman, it was enough ; the Bastile, the i)il- lorv, and contiscation extracted from him the wherewith to sujijily the regent's drunken or- gies, tlie extravagance of his mistresses, and the ]iay of his troops. 8eryants accused tlieir mas- ters of possessing a secret hoard, and were rc- Avarded for their perlidy with one half of it. Kich men, trying to escape from the kingdom with their propertj', were liunted down and brought back to prison and to ruin. Once they .seized fourteen kegs of gold coin, liidden in fourteen pipes of wine, just as the wagons were crossing the line into Holland. One great capi- talist escaped from the kingdom di.sguised as a hay-peddler, Avith his money hidden in his liay. The whole number of persons arrested on the charge of having more money than they Avanted Avas 6000 ; the number condemned and lined Avas 4410, and the amount of money Avrung from them was 400,000,000 francs. — Cyclopedi.v ok Bnxi., p. 4o3. 3674. MONEY vs. Merit. Mors. 'Many ficti- tious descendants of Mahomet arose after his death. One of the Fatimite caliphs silenced an indiscreet question by draAving his cimeter : " This, ".said Moez, " is my pedigree; and these," casting a handful of gold to Iiis soldiers — " and these are my kindred and my children." — Gin- aiON"s UoMK, ch. .'5, p. 1(5(5. 3675. MONEY vs. Religion. BuHi. A fleet was necessary for the reduction of Rochclle, Avliere the C'alvinists, Avho then suffered great persecution, Avere attemjiting to imitate the exam- ple of the Hollanders, and throw off their sub- jection to the crown of France. The cardinal found it impossible to fit out an armament with that celerity which Avas necessary, and he con- cluded a bargain Avith the Dutch to furnish a fleet for subduing their Protestant brethren. An opportunity thus offereid)lietrea.sure, and the direction of its fleets and armies." — Banckokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 19. 3677. MONEY, Serviceable. Incitement. The A'alue of money has been settled by general con- sent to express our Avr.nts and our property, as letters Avere invented to express our ideas; and both these institutions, by giving a more active energy to the poAvers and passions of human na- ture, have contributed to midtiply the objects the\' Avere designed to represent. The use of gold and silver is in a great measure factitious ; but it Avould be imjjossible to enumer!'*e the im- l)ortant and A'arious services Avhich agriculture and all the arts have received from iron, when tempered and fashioned l)y the ojjeration of fire and the dexterous hand of man. Jloney, in a Avord, is the mo.st univer.sid incitement, iron the most powerful instrument, of hiunan industry ; and it is A'cry difficult to conceive by Avhat means a people, neither actuated by the one nor second- ed by the other, could emerge from the gro.ss- est barbarism. — Gibuon's Home, ch. 9, p. 2G0. 3678. MONEY, Throne for. Boman. After the atrocious nuu'derof Pertinax, the Pnvtorian guards treated Avith Suli)icianus, the emperor's father in-law, for the bestoAvment of the throne. . . . He had already begun to use the onlj' ef- fectual argument, and to treat for the imperial dignity ; but the more prudent of the Pra'to- rians, a])prehensive that, in this private contract, they should not obtain a just price for .so valu- able a commodity, ran out upon the ramparts, and, Avith a loud voice, proclaimed that the Ro- man Avorld Avas to be disjiosed of to the best bidder by public auction. This infamous offer, the most insolent excess of nulitary licen.se, dif- fused a iniiversal grief, shame, and indignation throughout the city. It reached at length the ears of Didius .Julianus, a Avealthy senator, Avho, regardless of the public calamities, Avas incUdg- ing himself in the luxury of the table. His wife and Ills daughter, hisfreedmen and his parasites, easily convinced him that he deserved the throne, and earnesth' conjured him to embrace so fortu- nate an opportunity. The vain old man hasten- ed to the Pra}torian camp, where Sulpicianus Avas s' ill in treaty Avith the guards, and began to bid against him from the foot of the rampart. The unworthy negotiation was transacted by faithful emissaries, Avho passed alternately from one candidate to the other, and acquainted each MONEY— MONKERY. 435 of them Willi thf offers of his rival. Siilpicianus had already iiroinised a donative of .lOOO drachms (above £100) to each soldier ; when Julian, eajj;er for the prize, rose at onee to the sum of O'ioO rca(i themselves likewise over a great part of Africa, and in the west they penetrated within the hish- oi)ricof Itome, and soon hecame very numerous over all Italy. — Tyti.kk's Hist., IJiIok 0, ch. 3, p. 8!$. 30N0. MONKS, Artistic. Enfilinh. [Diinstan reiiuinil thai the monks should] (h'dicate the hours spared from the service of religion to the l)ursuits of Icarninjj and the arts. . . . They would he the artists of their lime — the architects and the painters, [a.d. 958-1)75.] — Kmout's Eng., vol. 1, ch. to. p. 143. 3«Sr. MONKS, Wealthy. Itahf. 8t. Benedict, who introduced monachisni into Italy, was tlit; founder of that jiarticular order called Hene- dictine, which has distinguished itself in most of the countries of Europe by thcand)itionof many of the brotherhood, as well as by the enormous wealth which they found means to accumulate ; and, we ought to add, by the laborious learning Avhich some of them displayed. Benedict was an Italian by birth ; h(^ had studied at Home, and soon distinguished him.self by liis talents as well ns sui)erior sanctity. An aifectation of singu- larity, probablj', made lum retire, when a very young man, to a cave at Subiaco, where he re- mained for .some years. Some neighboring her- mits chose him for their head, or sujx'rior ; anil the donations which they received from the ile- vout and charitable very soon enabled them to build a large mona.stery. There])utation of Ben- edict increased daily, and he began to perform miracles, which attracted the notice of Totila, the Gothic king of Italy. The number of his fra- ternity was daily augmented, and it became cus- tomary for the rich tomaki! I. ugo donations. . . . Benedict, finding his fraternity grow extremely immerous, .sent colonies into Sicily and into France, where they Jlirove amazingly. Hence they transported themselves into England ; and, in a very little time, there was not a kingdom of Euro))c where the Bene(lictineshad not obtained a footing. — Tytlku'b Hist., Book 6, ch. 3, p. 84. 36§§. MONOMANIA, Rashness of. John Brown. On tlu; <[uiet morning of October, 1S5!(, with no warning whatever to the inliMl)itants, the United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry was found to be in the possession of an invading mob. . . . By the oi)cning of the second day a force of 15(H) men surrounded the arsenal, and when the insurgents surrendered, it was found that there had been but 2'i in all. Four were still alive, including their leader, .John Brown. . . . He conceived the iitterly imjjracticable .scheme of liberating the slaves "of the South by calling on them to ri.se, jnitting arms in their hands. . . . Governor Wise stated that during the fight, while Brown held the arsenal, with one of his sons ly- ing dwid beside him, another gasjiing with a mortal wound, he felt the ptdse of the dying boy, used liisown musket, and coolly conunand- t'd his men, all amid a shower of bullets. . . . While of sound mind on most subjects, Brown had evidently lost his mental balance on the one topic of .slavery. — Bl.^ine's Twenty Ykaks ok CoNORKss, vol. 1, p. 155. 3689. MONOPOLIES encouraged. niiiii^ to control ii Hiiiull iiitiTcst in the great Cooix'rlron Works tit Tri'iiloii nmiiy years u^o, [to Mr. L<'st(ir,] he said, " I do not feel lantations, or toanyotlicr place whatsoever." The policy was continued by every admini.stration. "Should our . . . commercial control be denied," .said the elder Pitt, seventy years afterward, " I would not suf- Jer even a nail or a horseshoe to be manufac- tured in America. ' — Banckokt's L'. S., vol. 8, ch. 1». 3600. . Art of 1072. Parliament . . . resolved to exclude New P^ngland merchants from competing with the Englisli in the markets of the Southern plantations. . . . America was [later] forliidden not merely to manufacture those articles which nught comi)ete with the English in foreign markets, but even to supply herself with those articles which her i)osition eii- al)led her to manufacture with success for her own wants. — Banckokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 11. 3700. . Acw Amstt'nJam. A.n. 1029. The colonists were forbidden to manufacture any woollen or linen or cotton fabrics ; not a web might b(; woven or a shuttle thrown, on penal- ty of exile. To impair the monopoly of the Dutch weavers was jiunishable as perjury. — Banckokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 15. 3701. MONOPOLY, Powers of. Snxiior Win- (lorn. [Gartield's Secretary of the Treasury,] in a letter to the Anti-monoijoly liCague, at their ]iublic meeting at the Cooper Jnslitute, on the 21st day of Febnniry, 18H1 : " I ri'peat to day, in sul)stance, words uttered seven years ago, tliat ' there are in this cotmtry four men who, in the matter of taxation, possess and frefjuently exer- cise powers which neither Congress nor any of our State Legislatures would dare to exert — pow- ers which, if exercised in Great Britain, woidd sliake the throne to its very foundation. These may at any time, and for anv reason .satisfactory to themselves, by a stroke of the pen, reihice the value of jiroperty in the United States by hun- dreds of millions. They may, at their own will and pleasure, disarrange and end)arrass business, depress one city or locality and build another, enrich one individual and ruin his competitors, and, when complaint is made, coolly reply, "What are y('U going to do?"'" — Lestek's Like ok Peteu Coopek, p. 54. 3703. MONOPOLY resisted. Gorcrnmental. The encroachment was, as usual, patiently borne, till it became serious. But at length the (jueen took upon herself to grant patents of monopoly by scores. There was scarcely a family in tlie realm whicli did not feel itself aggrieved by the oppression and extortion whicli this abuse natu- rally caused. Iron, oil, vinegar, coal, saltpetre, lead, starch, yarn, skins, leatlier, gla.>-s. could bo bought only at exorbitant prices. 'I'hc lIou.se of Commons met in an angry and tlctormined mood. It was in vain that a courtly minority blamed the sjieaker for sulTering the acts of '.he (jueen's Highness to be called in ([ucstion. The languages of the discontented party was high and mena(s ing. and was echoed by the voice of the whole nation. . . . She, [(^ueen Elizabeth.] however, with admirable judgment and t('nii)er, declined the contest, i)ut herself at the head of the rtform- ing pally, redressed the grievance — Macau- i.ay's Enu., ch. 1, p. 59. 3703. MOODS, Reaction of. WiUiom Coirpfr. It was, ])erliaps, while he was winding thread that Lady Austen told him tlu^ story of John Gilpin, i le lay awake at night laughing over it, and next morning ])ro(luced the ballad. It soon became famous, and was recited by Henderson, a popular actor, on the stage, though, as its gen- tility was doubtful, its author withheld his name. 4.3H MORALITY-MORALS. He uftcTwiinl fanciwl tliat tliis wondi'rful i)i('ro of liuiiior hud bt'ou writtc^n in ii mood of IIk! deepest depression. Probuljly hv had written it in an interval of Idgh si)irits l)et\veen two such moods. — S-MiTii's CowPKii, eli. 5. 370'l. MORALITY, Conventional. Shdhy'g Fitthir. Mr. Tiniotliy Hiielley was in no sci'ise of tiio word a had man ; hut lie was everytliini^ wliieh the jioel's father o\ight not to liave lieeii. . . . His relif;i()us opinlou.s might bu summed lip In ('lough's epigram : "At ehuroh on Sunday to attend Will serve to keep the world your friend." His morality in like manner was purely conven- tional, a.H may be gathered from his telling his eldest .son that he would never pardon a mhalli- aitrc, but would i)rovide for as many illegitimate children as he choose to have. — Sy.monds' Shkl- LKY, ch. 1. 3705. MORALITY denied. Ii»man Catlwlic. There was among the English a .strong convic- tion that the Roman Catholic, where the interests of his religion were I'oncerned, thought himself free from all the ordinary rules of morality — nay, that he thought it meritorious to vicjlate those rules, if, by so doing, he could avert injury or scaiulal from the cliurch of which lie was a member. Nor was this o|)inion destitute of a show of reason. It was impossible to deny that Itoman Catholic casuists of great eminence had written in defence of equivocation, of mental res- ervation, of perjury, and even of as.sassination. Nor, it was said, liad the speculations of this odious school of sophi.sts been barren of results. The massacre of Saint RartholonK'w, the murder of the tirst William of Orange, the murder of H<'nry III. of France, the numerous conspiracies ■uiiich had been formed again-st the life of Eliz- abeth, and, above all, the gunpowder treason, •^vere constantly cited as instances of the close connection between vicious theory and vicious practice. It was alleged that everyone of these crimes liad been ^iromjited or ap])lauded by Koman Catholic divines. — ^Lvc.^u lay's Exo., ch. 6, p. 6. 3706. MORALITY, PhilosopMc. Socrates. Soc- rates founded all his morality on the belief of a God who delighted in virtue, and who.se justice would reward the good and punish the wicked in an after state. Of consecpience, he believed in the immortality of the soul. He held that there ■were intermediate beings between God and man, ■who presided over thedilTerent i)artsof the crea- tion, and who were to be honored with an in- ferior worship. He believed that virtuous men ■were particularly favored by the Divinity, who more esjiecially manifested "his care of them by the constant presence and aid of a good genius, ■who directed all their actions and guarded tlieni by secret monitions from ini]icn(ling evils ; but on this subject, as he declined to exiiress himself ■with precision, it has been reasonably conjectur- ed that he alluded merely to the influence of conscience, -^vliich extends its power to the vir- tuous alone, and deserts the vicious, abandoning them to the just consc([uences of their crimes. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 2, ch. 9, p. 207. 3707. MORALITY vs. Refinement. IJome. [Era of the destruction of Corinth and Carthage.] This •was the era of tba commeucemcut of a taste for the fine arts at Rome, to whicli tiie knowl- edge of Asiatic luxuries liad successfully jiaved the way. " How happy for mankind," says Ab- be Milfot, "could a nation be distinguiHlie(l at once for its virtut! and its retinement, and be- come polished and enlightened while it retained a purity of morals 1" Rut thisisa lieautiful im- pos.sii)ility.—TvTi. Kit's Hiwr., Rook 3, ch. 9, p. 884. 3708. MORALITY, Shallow. Chrinil. [Rev. William Grimshaw, before his conversion, was curate of Ilaworth, in Vorksliire. J He liad stud- ied at Cambridge, and wnt from the university to his clerical duties, corrupt in his morals and unsound in his opinions. Content with tlie per- functory performance of his parish duties, ho considered himself a fair e.xamiile of the clerical manners of the times ; es])ecially as it is said that lie refrained, as much as possible, from gross swearing, unless in "suitable company," and when he got drunk would take care to sleep it off before lie went home. — Stevens' 3Iktu- ooisM, vol. 1, p. 258. 3700. MORALITY preserves the State. Ro- vinits. That the extinction of the liberties of tlio Roman peoph; and the downfall of the com- monwealth were owing to tliecorrui)tion of tho Roman manners, there cannot be the smallest doubt ; nor is it diflicull to point out in a few words the causes of that corruption. The ex- tent of the Roman dominions toward the end of tiiereimbliciiroved fatal toils virtues. While confined within the bounds of Italy, every Ro- man soldier, accustomed to a life of liardship, of frugalitv, and of industry, placed his chief happiness in contributing in war to the preser- vation of his country, and in peace to the main- tenance of his family by honest lalior. A Stato of this kind, which knows no intervals of ease or of indolence, is a certain jjreservative of good morals, and a sure antidote against every spe- cies of corruption. But the conquest of Italy ])aved the way for the reduction of foreign na- tions ; for an immense ac(juisition of territory — a Hood of wealth — and an aciitiaintance with tho manners, the luxuries, and the vices of the na- tions whom tliev suluhied. — Ty'tlek's Hist., Book 4, ch. 6, p.'4G8. 3710. . Txomans. If the morals of the people be entire, the spirit of patriotism per- vading the ranks of the State -vxill excite to such exertions as may S(Jon recover the national hon- or. Of this triith the Roman State afforded at one time a most striking example. When Han- nibal was cariying everything before liim in Italy, when the Roman name was sunk so low that the allies of the republic were daily drop- jiing off, and the Italian States seemed to .stand aloof and leave her to her fate, there was in tho manners of the people, and in that patriotic ar- dor which can only exist in an uiicorrupted age, a spirit of recoiivalescence, which speedily operated a most wonderful change of fortune. — Tyti.eh's Hist., Book 4, ch. 0, p. 4(5.j. 3711. MORALS by Chastisement. Ednnind Rich. Edmund, hand in hand with a brother Robert of his, begged his way as poor scholars were wout to the great school of Western Chris- tendom. Here a damsel, heediess of his tonsure, wooed him so pertinaciously that Edmund con- sented at last to an assif^natiou ; but when ho MORALS— MOTHER. 439 appeared it wns In company of gravo aradcml- cal ottleiuls wlio, as the maiden declared in the hour of penitence wliidi followed, "straight- way wldpi)ed tlie offending Eve out of lier." — Hist, of Eno. Pkoi'le, ^ 164. 3713. MORALS degraded. Ari'sformri/. For years liad it been whispered that the House of Austria should unite itself firmly with tlie House of Hourl)on, and now the Empress Maria The- resa, herself a hereditary (pieen, a wife and motlier, religious even to bigotry, by an auto- graph letter caressed endearingly the Marchion- ess de Pompadour, once the French king's [Louis XV.] mistress, now the procuress of his pleasures, to win lier intlucnct! for the alliance. — Bancuokt's U. S. , vol. 4, eh. 13. 3713. MORALS examined. Athenian. Offirial.i. The Areopagus, l)y an in([uiry termed dokuiKtuin. in(juired into the life and morals of all who held otHces in the State, and such as could not stand tlie scrutiny were not only incapacitated forem- l)loy, but (Uidared infamous. Such was the iiward likewise against a son who should refuse to support his indigent parents. — TYTi.iiu's Hist., Book 1, ch. 10. 3714. MORALS, Exceptional. Xi-w Enyhind Colonies. t)ne might dwell there " from year to year and not .s(!e a drunkard, or hear an oath, or meet a beggar." The conse(iuence was uin- versal health — one of the chief elements of i>ub- lic happiness. The average duration of human life, ascomjiared with Europe, was doubled. . . . 'Jjhey are the parents of on ■ third of the whole white population of the; United Stales. . . . Each family has multiplied on the average to one thou- tand souls. — Banchokt'b U. S., vol. 1, di. 10. 3715. MORALS, Grounds of. Diirrse. The Jihilosophers of Greece deduced their morals from the nature of man, rather than from that of God. They meditated, however, on the Di- vine nature, as a very curious and imi)ortant upeculation ; and in the profound incpiiry they displayed the strength and weakness of tlie hu- man understanding. — Giuhon's Rome, ch. 2, p. 35. 3716. MORALS, Importance of. Politirs. No nation has afforded a more sMiking examjile than the Romans have done of the necessity of good morals to the preservation, of politieal liberti/ and the happiness of the people. This is a doe- trine of so much importance, that it cannot be too seriously considered nor attended to. Un- like, in this respect, to many other political truths Avliich are interesting only to statesmen, and those who conduct the machine of government, tliis truth is of im])ortance to be known and con- sidered by every single individual of the com- munity ; because the error or fault is in the con- duet of individuals, and can only be amended by u conviction brought home to the mind of every private man, that the reformation must be begun by his own virtuous and i)atriotic endeavors. . . . \irtue is necessary, and indispensably necessary, to the existence of every government, wliatever be its form ; and no human institution where men are assembled togeth'-r to act in concert, liowever limited be their numbers, or however extensive, however wise may be their govisrnors, however excellent their laws, can possess any measure of duration without that powerful ce- ment, virtue in the principles and morals of tlio people. Quid lef/es sine nuirilius rami' iirofiri- unt, is a sentiment ecpially a)>plicalil(> lo all gov- ernments whatever. — Tvti.ku'h Hist., Hook 0, ch. <1, p. 461. 3717. MORALS, Rule in. 77/ ales ta ugh t. " Neither the crimes of bad men, nor even llicir thoughts, are concealed from tlie gods. Health of boily, a moderate fortune, and a cullivated mind are the chief ingredients of happiness. Parents may expect from their children that obedience which they themselves ])aid to their parents. Stop tin; mouth (>f slander by pru- deiK V . Tak(! cart; not to commit the same fault yourself which you censure in others." — Tyt- Lkk'h Hist., Rodk 2, ch. U, p. :;.'61. 371§. MORTALITY remembered. Aijineovrt. [At the; l»attle of Agincourt, the Knglish being tail OIK! to ten against the Frciicli, liefon; the action began) they knelt down, invoking the protection of God ; and each man |)ut a small piect! of earth into his monlh, in remeinbranco that they were formed of dust and to dust should return. [They gained a c((ini)lete victory, with small loss lo tlieinsflvcs, but with a terrible destruction of the French.] — Knkuit's Eno., vol. 11, ch. 4. 3719. MORTIFICATION by Failure. lieifpi iiy \voul(i run away from lier ami laiiLfli at lier. . . . |)r. (ilemiic, tlic master of Ins .seliool, . . . denied liim llie privilej^e of jroini,' lioine on Satuniay ; wlierenpon Mrs. Hyron, indiicnant at l)eini,Mleiirived of t lie society of her son, wonid yo to the seliooj, and pour out smh a storm of iiiveelive in the doctor's jiarlor liiat liio hoys in the school room would hear her, to tlie trrcat shniiK! of tlieyoun;^ lord. The schoolmaster once overlieard a hoy say to him ; " Byron, your motlier is ii fool." " I know it," was his sul reply. — Cyci-oi'kui.v ok Hioti., p. 21*1. 3733. MOTH£B, Influence of a. Frnnns T. [When Francis 1. of France] had reached his twenty-lirst vear, he was still in completo suh- jection to liis uiother. — >4ti:»ic\ts' Fiianck, di. 14, i^ I. 374J. MOTHER, A patrljtic. SpnrUin. The Persians siill continued to maintain a formidahle jirmament upon tlu; sea, and tlie operations of the (JreeUs were now exerted to clear the ^1"]i;ean and .Mediterranean of thoir hostile scjuadrons. 'I'lie united fleet of Oreeco was commanded hy Aristides and Paiisanias ; the latter a man of liiirli liirtli and authority, uncle to one of tlie Spartan kinijs, and rcfjent diirini; his ne]>hew's iniiiont5', hut himself infamou.s for l)etrayin,!jf Ins <()untry. He had privately despatched letters to Xer.xes, oU'erinj; to facilitate to him the conquest of Greece, and demandinjr his dauj^hter in mar- riage as a reward of this siifiial service. Fortu- jiatelv his letters were intercejitcd. The traitor Hod t'or jirotection to the temple of Minerva, a sanctuary from whicii it was judjred impossible to force him. His mother showed an example of virtue truly J;acodtemonian. ISlio walked to the irate of the temple, and layins^ down ii stone before the threshold, silently retired ; tlie signal was understood and venerated ; the Ejihori jravo immediate orders for buildinjra wall around the temple, and within its i)recinct8 tlie traitor was starved to death. — Tytlku's Hist., Book 2, eh. 1, p. l:iM. 372>>. . S(im Ilovston's Mother, [lie enlisted //( the nniks, diirinir tlie war with Lni;- l;ind, and his friends deemed liim disijraced and ruined. | Hut his mother irave her consent as slie stood in the door of her cottu.tre, anil lianded lier boy tlie musket : " There, my son, take this," she said, "and never disijrace it ; for remember, ] had ratliir all my sons should till one honorable ;:rave than tlial one of th(!m .should turn Ids back on an enemy. Go, and remember, too, tliat while the door of my cottajje is open to all brave mi'ii, it is always shut asrainsl cowards." He was soon promoted to be a seri^eant. — Lics- Ti:ii's lloi sTo.v, p. 21. 3720. MOTHER, Power of a. Xapoleon L lie was thus induced, in his day of power, to brini,^ biick a wayward nation of tliirty millions from cheerless, brutalizinij, comfortless unlielief, to tlieconsolinir, ennobling, purifying inthiences of t'liristi'iiiity. AV'hen, at the eoinmancriod iirost! Tiberius and Cains (Jraechus, two brothers, of jilebeian blood by tlieir father's side, but ennobled by civic honors, and on their mother's side, by descent from the illustrious Scipio Africanus. Their mother, Cornelia, w, wont to stimulate their ambition by this generous reproach : " Why, my sons, must I ever be called the daughter of 'Scii)io, rather than the mother of the Gracchi '/" — Tvn.Kii's Hist., Hook 4, ch. 1, p. W't 37>20. MOTHER revenged, A. llunmh Du»tin. A.!). 1(>!)7. [She wius captured at Haverhill, N. II. , her home burned, and babe killed. See No. 1 17. She] and her nurse and a boy from Wor- cester tind themselves on au island in tlie Merri- uiac, just above Concord, in a wigwam (x^cupied by two Indian families. The mother planned escai)e. " Where would you strike," said the boy, Samuel Leonardson, to his master, "to kill instantly ?" and tlui Indian told him where luid how to .scalp. At night, while the; household slumbers, tlie captives, two women and a l)Oj', each Avith a tomahawk, strik(! vigorously and fleetly, and with wise division of labor ; and of the twelve .sleepers t"n lie dead ; of oiu^ squaw the wound was not mortal ; one child was spared from design. The love of glorj' ne.xt asserted its power ; and the gun and tomahawk of the murderer of her infant, and a bag lieaped full with scalps, were choicely kept as the trophies of the heroine. The three . . . descended to the Kmrlish settlements. — I}a.n('Koi<'t's U. S., vol. 'A, 3730. MOTHER, A ruling. Of R,>man Em- peror A/t'.i'iiiKlcr. The jiride and a\arice of his mother cast a shade on the glories of his reign ; and by exacting from his riper years the same dutiful obedience whidi she had justly claimed from his unexiierienccd youth, Mamiea exposed to public ridicule both her son's character and her own. [See Woman, Dominion of, No. 0052. | — GiitnoN's Home, c." '', p. 184. 3731. MOTHER, Ik ^-rowful. Kinff rinliyf War. Writes Mary Howland.son :.. . " Some in MOTIIKIl— Ml UDKH. 441 th« h()UH« w«)n> flj^litltiK for llicir llv(« ; otherit wiillowiiij; in hlcxMl ; tin- Iioiiho on fire over our IkwIh. ... I took my cliihlrcii to k<> forth, . . . liiillctH tlyliiK Uilck ; oiut went. tlirouf,'li my h'uU: luullliroii^'li my |)oor cliiUI inniy iiriiiH. " . . . An Indiiin mits.HiKrc followtd. " Tlicn! remained notiiin;; to me tint oik; jioor wounded lialie, Down I muHl sit in liie.snow, witli m^HJek child, t lie picture of death, in my lai), Not the leuxt ( rumli of refrcHhin;; eimu! witldn either of our mouths from Wedne.sihiy to Huturthiy rd;,'ht, ex- <('pl only II little cold water. . , . One Indian, then a second, and then a third would come and tell me. Your master will quickly knock your ermilted to marry again ; but slietliat took another huHbaud U-foro that term was out was obliged by his decree to Haeritt<'e a cow Willi culf.— Pj-i;taiu'ii'h >iuMA. 3737. MOUBNINO, National. Axi>itHHinatlon of l.iiit-dtii. In the great cities of the land all liusiness instantly stopped ; no man had the heart to think of gain ; tlags drooped lialf-mast from every winged messenger of the sea, from - HJ^ii and refused to coniiiiunicale it, iinniedialeiy <'oii('(;ired tile ii:i\vorlhy suspicion that his silence iirosc! from his own concern in ilic conspiracy. On no other ^'rounds I'idlotus wius |)iil to the tort lire, and, in tlu^ ui;iitiy of pain, uttering some lliin;; that hore the aiipeuraiice of coiif>sMin>r Ids olTence, wliit'h was iiolliin;^ more llian a venial jiieco of ne>rH>jenec, he was, liytiie coiiuuaiid of Alexander, stoned to death. Hut tliis was not enough. Thi^ at,'ed I'ariiicnio, whom the kiiij^ «'oncluded to lie eitli<'r an accomplice; in the <'riine of Ids son, or at least to li<; inca|)alile of ever forjfivinj; his ])unishineiit. was, by the saino command, assas.sinated in Ids tent. — Tvr- J.Kii'8 HiHT., Hooli 2, ch. 4, p. I!M. .1713. MURDER of the Innooenti. h'/nt/ liirh- iird II f. Kiiward I\ . , at tlie ajjo of forly- two, jwas) ])oisoned, as is supposed, liy his lirolher Itichard, I)ule tlu! voic(' of the nation. 'I'he crafty t} ■with affected scruples and w itli nnich a"p| ,N'lJoJin.i"n. fJoi.i)- HMirii : " The greatest musical iierformers have but small emolument.s. <}iardini, I am told, does not get above seven Inmdred a year." .loiiNsoN : " That is, indeed, but lilllc foraman to get wlio does best that which so many en- deavor to do. There is nothing, 1 think, in which the jiower of art is shown so much as in playing on the fiddle. In all other things we can do Notmihing at tirst. a bar of iron, if yi h, la Any man will forgo on give him a hammer ; iiol mo \M'll as a smith, liiit tolerably. A man will .saw a piece of ivooMWF;i.i,'H .loiiNso.N, p. 208. 3715. MUSIC condemned. S/mrfnr- Timo- theus the Aliiesian [was) a celebrated Ihihyram- liii' poet and musici.m. Ileaddcd even a twelfth string to the liar|), for which he was severely | un- islicd by the sage Sparlaiis, who concluded that luxury of sound would « (Tiiiiiiiate the jieople. — i'l.i tAin ii'rt AdiN, Lanohounk'h >Joti;. 3710. MUSIC, In. aifinary. Dminhin. Quick- witted, of tenacious memory, a ready nnd lliieiit s|>eaker, gay and genial in address, an arti>^t, a musician, he was at the Mime time; in indefati- gable \>ork<'r at iHioks, at building, .il handi- craft. A-i his sphere bej.'-an to widen we see him followed by a train of pupils, hu.sy with lit- erature, writing, harping, iininting, designing, One morning a lady summons him to her house to design a rob. 250. 37.10. MUSIC a political Power. I'opular Siiij/. lit) 1(IM7 ijonl W Imrldii nuhlishcd ti noiij^ ridiculing Ivlii^ liinxs II. luid Tyrconiii!!, th<' lord (Icpuly. ) " I'lu' wliwlciiruiy,' s»yn Murni't, " iind at iiiHl iIk! inopjo of t)otJi city iiud rouiilry, ■wen- .tiiii^iiifr ii [II I |i('l,ually." W'lmrtoiiuftcrwai'd boasted tlial lie had rliynied.IaiMi h out of hindi millions. !!(• had pnxiuci'd a mmi^ like iiiatiy oilier son^s, of woiidrouH popularitv, with little intriii.sic inci It was wliinilrd aiidsu j; in every street in Ids — Knkmit'h E.nu., vol. 1, ill. 'M, p. 410. 375 1 . MUSIC, Power of. .lA/ /•// (^umi ,>/ S;,t.-:. Tjove for Ihc art had iinl'ortunati'ly led to an un- due |)rel'erene(! fortlic .ii'list. 'IIkto Im in niu.sl' an attractive lanj^uaj^c without words, which uii <'onsciously creates svinpathy, and which j^ives the nuiHJcian a powerful inllueiice over the iinajri- nation of women of cultivated minds. The de- licious, iinpassionc)!, or heroic notes of the voice orof theinstruinent seem to hreiillie m soul in unl- flon with those suhliine or touching chord.s. The music and the musician heconie, in it were, one. Hizzio, after hiivinj^ merely furnisheil her with amu.seinent in limes of sa in^ hereonlidani, und lier favor .Hpcciliiy became manifest to all. The musician, rapidly elevated by her from his servile |)osiiion lolhesummil of credit and honors, became, under ihe name of Hccrclary, Ihe reitfiiin^ favorite and the minister of lur policy. — LAM.Mtri.NK's .Maiiv, p. 12. 375a. MUSIC in Strife, (yairlf^ XIT. Tie liad ii fleet l)lockadin;i; the jiort of Oopi'iihaitcn, and an army Ihuiiderin^' at its >;ates. " What is that whistlinf? noi.se I luai overhead ?" asked the; kiiif^, as lie was d'^^cmbarkinj^ on Ihe Dan -li hliore. " It is Ihe inusket-balls, sire," said \j\ orticer. " Good !" .said the kin;,' ; " that sliall In my music henceforth." — Cvii.oi'kdi.v uk IJioo., p. Am. 3753. MUSIC, Taste for. It.ili,i/is. In Italy, •writes Steel(!, a cobbler may be heard working' to an opera luiic ; and " there is not a laborer or }iiindi(Taft man that, in tlie cool of the evenin;;, does not relieve himself willi solos and sonatas." But, "on Ihe contrary, our honest eouiilrymen have so lillle incliuiilion to music, that liiey sel- dom Ix'tiin til siim till they are half drunk." — K.nkuit's K.Mi., vol. ,■), eh." 27, p. 4:il. 3754. MUSIC unappreciated, (irncval ilrdiit. \\\ Banirkok i i Siain.) A jruard of lionor i>re- sciiled arms, the baiidi)layed the " Slar-Spanuied Hanner," whicli wastlie tirst time Ihey had heard tliat air in Ihe East, all the other bands they had encountered laboriii!^ under Ihe delusion that our iiaticnul air was " Ibul (\)lunil)ia." As Ihe ;,'en- eral does not know one tune from another, it never made ni ich difTerence so far as he was con- '.erned. — Gknk'i.\i< Gu.\nt'h Th.wki.s, p. 3tt4. 3755. MUSIC, Undignified. A/'iMuhM. In the course of his education, he willin<;ly took the les- sons of his masters, but refused learning to play upon the liute, -which ho looked upon as a mean art, and unbecoming a gentleman. " The use of the plectrum upon the lyre," he woidd say, "has liolli iL' ill it thai di»orderN the features or form ; bill :i man is hardly to be kiK'wn by his most in- limale frieridH tvlieii he plays o(xin ihe tliile He- sides, ihi' lyre does not hinderihe inrformer from Hpeakiiig or accompany iiig it wilha miiii» ; where- as the Iliile so eliifimc the inoulli and the breath Mint it leaves no iM)ssibilily of siteakiii:; ' — I'l.u- AIU IIS Al.rilll \I)K,M, 375 'h Cv- fiir. His .soldiers . . . bad deserved admirably v»'ll, l>Ml they Were uiifortii; iilely overconscious of their lui I'il's. Ill inleiitioned olllcers liii' ' taught them to I'xik fore.\lravaganl rewaiils. '1 m ir e.\- pi tntioiis were not fiiltllled ; and \\ hen llie> siip- p(i (1 llmi their labors were over, tin v received orders 111 |ii'i pure for a campaign in Alrlcii. . . . They mutinied. . . . The soldiers of the favored Tf'iiih . . . dciiiMiided siH'eeh of ( 'u'.nar. He bade them come lo hiiii iiikI, with his usual fearless- ness, told ihem lo bring Iheir swords, . . . [Iii- slead of c;illiiig them " brothers in arms," as usual, he tailed them "cili/(ns," which was a ilismi.ssjil from ser\ ice. j Again passionately they implored to beiillowcd |o eontinue \\ ith him. He relented, but not entirely " Let all go who wish to go, icsaid ; " 1 will have none serve with m(\ who serveunwillingly." " .VII, all !"they i ried ; "not one of us will leave you"- md not one went. The mutiny was the greatest ]ieril, per- huiis, to wliii'h Cie.sar hiid ever been ( xjiosed. No more was saiii.— FuoroK's C.-ks.mi, eh. 14. 3V57. MUTINY, Cruel. Sir Ihiun lliuhon. In Ihe summer of UHK a shij), called th(! Disrovery, was given to llud.son ; and with a vision of tfio Indies tlltting before his imagination, he left Eng- land, nev( r lo return. The route to China was at last reve.'ded. So believed Ihe great capt;iiii anil Ills crew , but sailing fail her lo the west, the inhospitable shores narrowed on the more inlios- I>itable sea, and Hudson found liimself envi- roned, with the t('rrors of Avinter. in Ihe frozen gulf (Hudson's Hay) of the North. With unfal- tering courage he bore up until his provision.s '.\ ere almost exhausted ; spring was at hand, and the day of escai)e liad already errived when the treacherous crew broke out ii mutiny. They .seized Iluil-uiiand his only son, with seven other faithful sailors, threw Ihein into an ojien shallop, and ca.st Ihem oil among the icebergs. The fate of the illustriiHis mariner has never been knowii. — KiDi'ATii's r S., ch. 8, p. i)3. 375§. MUTINY by Disappointment. Second V<>!/ii(/e. [A lillle colony was jilaiited in the West Indies.] Hernard Diaz dv. Pisa, a man of some imporlance, who had held ii rivil ottiee about the court, had come out s\\\\ theexpedilion as comp- troller ; lie seems to have ])resunuil iiixai his of- licial ])i)wers, and to have had i .irly di.'Terenees with the admiral. Disgusted with his employ- ment in the colony, he soon made a taction among ilie diseontenled, iiiid pro]io-ed that liny should lake advantage of liie indispositiun of Columbus to st'ize upon some or all of the live shijis in tlu! harbor, and return in them to Spain. It would be ea.sy to justify their clandestine return, by ])referring a complaint against the admiral, rej)- resiMiting the fallacy of Ids enteri)rises, and ac- cusing him of gross deceptions and exaggerations in his accounts of the countries. [The conspiracy was discovered in due season.] — luviNo'a Co LUMBus, Hook 6, ch. 7. 444 Mrrrw-XAMK. 1' r p ■ li! »ra». IIUTIKY,R«forraby. ///•////.// AW/y. iirciiiirt' for wa. 'I'lic MiiilorM vf IiIm lliiK>>lii|>. Ilif Itoyiil tJcorjri', iiislnid of ^Vl'tKllirlK' aiK lini- niii up the Nliroiids mid pivo »lin'C( Ihtim. 'I'licHlKMitM wcrccclKK'd from cvi'iy >>hip itt Siilllicad. 'riios('rlic«'r»4, sooflcii tilt' prrl iidi' of viclury, wcrr Nomids VM'll I'idcidiid-d In strike terror into tin- licnrl of tlic iNildcMl ciiiiliiiii. Tlicy Wire llu'sitfimNof iimliny. . , . Alllioiijfli the coiiiiiiiiiidH of i)i(' iidiiiirid lo put to niii were H[iene(l so often, that mankind have a;?reed to think them not fortuitous." I talked to him a preiit deal of what I had seen in Corsica, and of my intention to publish an account of it. He encouniLced me hy snyinLr, " Vou cannot i;o to the liottom of the suliject ; but all that you tell u.s will he new lo us. t;iv(! us as many anec- dotes as you can." — IJOHWKl.l/a.IoiINHON, p. 1-12. 3r«'2. MYSTICISM, Methodi of. Mon/.rn/. A lioly iihhe, superi(jr of thousiinds of monks, ex- pluined : " When you are alone in your cell, shut the door and sit in a corner. Elevate your imaf^nation al)ove all transitory iind vain things ; r(;st your beard and your chiuuiM>n vour breast ; turn your eyes and thouifht.s toward the middle of your belly where the navel is placed, and Hearrh for llic lu-ut of Hid mmiI. All will ml firA appear to you dlHorder, obNoirity, confuNion. Hut If you perm-vere nij^hl iinddiiy, you will ex. perleiice n dellcimis pleiiMiire. Krolll llir liionient the soul di^coveiN tlie place of the heart, It en- Joys ii mystic and ethereal lllnininalion. "- Lkm- ■UiriNKH Tl'llKI.V, p 2'J«I. »r,frn/.t. .Teffreys had (lone his work, and returned loclaim his re- ward. He arrived at Wind.sor from the West, leaving carniiL'e, mourninir, and leiror behind him. The haired with which he was re^ardcHl in .Somersetshire has no parallel in our history. It was not lo beijuencheil by liiiK! or by ])olitical ( hanircs, was Ion;,' transmitted from jieneration lo fceiieration, anpidace, and found that she could not .safely venture! herself amonj^ the dcvscendautu of those who liad witiu-ssed the bloody a.s.si/.es. Hut at the eourt Jeffreys was cordially welcomed. Ilewasa judge after hi.s master's own heart. — Macailay's Enu., oh. 5, p. 010. J1768. NAME, Difference In. ViiimporUint. When tht» muljassudors of AiUiochus [the Great J NAMK-NAMKM. 44A nprcMfilnl to llu AiimaiiM how initiDroim the kiii^'M fi)rc«'H Wirt', hikI, to iiiako ihciii ii|)|H'ar Mill iiiori' Ml, r(>('k(>n('f 111)' x>'"i>t itiiinU'r of iIIhIii'm, and t'\|M-i'.>«Mliiu; iiiv wondi r Imw lif could fiiriiiHli IiIh lulilc wiih niuIi a vuKt variciy, ' lU; not iitii'iiMy niHiiit thai,' Nald my frii II i, ' tor It is all Iio^^'h tl("*li ; and tlii'dlir< r- • iin- Ih only in lli<^ drt'HNin|( and tlic Maiici'.' In like niiiiHIl lie llol aMt< forci'M. Ill llicHt iilki'inrn, tlirMii liallicrdict's and rnirHKslciH , for tlicv an- nil Syrians, only dl-iin- KiiiNlwd liv till? Irlllini< arms liny Itcar.'- I'l.i - T.\ii( ii'rt I-'laminiim. :|7. NAin: (kltlAed. Coiii/wrorx. 'I'lii- odi- oiiH namo of conqiKTorH was Moflcnrd into llir niiUI and frinidly ii|>iirllation of iUri/niHl/i of lli« KoiiimiM ; and tlinnd to tlic |m', as Morgan ap Williams, or Hichard ap Morf^'anap Williams. — IIooh'hCiiom- WKr.i,. ch. 2, p. 2(1. :IT7A. NAMES, Coinoidenoe in. r„ir»». In the middle of the thirleiiilh cent.iry, however, arose a genius of singular eminence, who, pit^rc- in^ at onci- through the thickest cloud of igno- rance and barbarism, sccmcil formed to enlij;ht- eii Kuropc. This was |{o>rer Ihicon, an Kn>{lish Francis( an friar, who In variety and extent «if >;enius is entitled most deservedly to the lii)^hest rank in the nnnals of Kuropean 'literature. llu was acipiiiinteil with all the ancient la!i|;ua;.,res, and familiar with the works of their liest au- thors. At that time, when every pretender to knowledi;e dri'W his creed of .science from th(5 works of Aiistolle, and servilely adhered to hi.s do;;mas and opinions, the ;;enius of lio^^er Hacon saw the insiitliciency of that pliilos(i[iliy ; and he be<;im to apply himself with iiiilefatipible indus- try to that method of invest ij;al ion by ex|i«Ti- nient, and by the observation of nature, which was afterward, at the distanct- of four centuries, so hapnily pursued and so strenuously recom- mended by an illustrious philosopher ot the same name, Francis Hacon, Lord V'eruiam. In thi^ " Opus Majlis" of Roofer Hacon he declares that if it had been in his jiower, he would have burnt the whole worksof Ar\s\t)\U' qniu Kirnni nlndium non t'nf iiixi tfniiH>rin (iinitoiio, (t (•iiiisii errori/i, et III iiltijilii-iiti'o if/iii>r(ui(iip. Accordiiifily, this ^reat man, applyini!; him.self to the improvement of philo.sophy by observation and experiment, dis- tin^^iiished hfmself by some of the most imjior- tant discoveries in astronomy, in optics, in chem- istry, in medicine, and in mechaniis. — 'I'vTi, Kit's Hist., Hook (1. ch. HI, p. 21(i. :I77«. NAMES, High sounding, //* Cnnt^m. The streets are narrow and common, but they have hi;;h-soundiii^ names, IIk; Hroadwiiy of Canton beini^ called " Henevolcnce ;" others are named " I'eace," " Hri^ht Cloud," " I.onj^evi- ty," " Early-Hestowed Hlessin^^s," " Kverlasling Love," " One Hundred (Jrandsons," " One Thou- .sand Grand.sons," "Five Happinesses," " Ue- frcshint,' Hreezes," " Accumulated JMcsslnjrs," "Ninefold Bri!?htiiess,"etc. — Genkk.m.Gh-XNt's Tii.WKi.s, p. as)7. .1777. NAMES, Influence of, C ^rcrnment. The title of kinj^ had armed the Romans a;;;unst Ills life. Au^fustus was sensible that mankind is »m< jf^mmmm 44 G NAMES— NATION. povcrtK'd l)y names ; nor was lie (Icccivcd in his i'xpcrlation that Ww Sciialu and iXMiplc would i-mliniit to slavery, provided they \V( ic res])ect lidly assured tiiai they still enjoyed their ancient I'reedoni. A f'eehle Senate aii(l enervated peoplo <'lieerfully ac(|uieseed in tlie pleasini; illusion, as Ion;; as it was supported tiy tiie virtue, or even hy tlie I'rudenee, of tlu^ sueeessors of Aui^nislus. — Giimion's Komi;, eh. IS, p. 87. J177W. NAMES, Memorizing. Sniinul Johmo'ii. Nothini; is ii, )re coninion than to mistake sur- names when w<' hear them can --sly uttered for the first tinu;. To prevent tins, he used not onlv to proi: 'unce them slowlv and distinctly, hut to take the trouble of s])ellini; them — a ])ra(lie(! whicli I have often followed, and wiiieli 1 wish "Were general. — Hoswki.i/s Johnson, p. 48i). 377f>. NAMES, Unimportant. ]'irfan wassuccec(!ed by AM, the son-in-law of Mahomet. '^['Iiis jirince, whose name is to this day revcre(l by the ^Mohammedans, inherited, in many respects, the genius of his fatlicr-in-law. . . . The genius of tlio Arabians, tired liy en- thusiasm and invigorated by coiupicst, seemed now in the train of carrying everything before jt. It is wonderful what may be a(;hieveil by a people who arc once in the track of glory. Na- tions, in fact, seem to have; their ages of brill- iancy, when all is life, and vigor, and enterprise ; and these pcrhajis [jreceded, and again to be fol '{'he principu^ corrupted. The lowed by, an era of inanimation, weakness, and degeneraiy. In this splendid jieriod of the his- tory of the Saracens, their coiKpiests were in- credible. Within half a century from the lirsl ojieiiiiig of the career of Miihoinet they had raised an empire more extensive than what n?- mained, at this time, of lh(> dominion of the Ito- mans. — Tytlkk's Hist., IJook (5, ch. 1, ji. TA. 37§:i. . Moors. Spain was at this time chietly pos.sessed by the .Moors. The Chris- tians occupied about a fourth part of the coun- trv, and that the most barren of tin; whole. . . . The Moors jxis.sessed the rest of the (;ouiitry, coin])reliending Portugal. Their capital . . . was the city of Cordova, a most delightful residence, wliieh they had adorned with every embellish- nient of art and magniticeiice. The.se Arabians wcn^ at this time, perhaps, the most retined and polished jieojile in the world. Eu.xury and pleasure at length corrupted the princes of the Moors, and their dominions, in tin; tenth cen- tury, were split among a nuniber of petty sovereigns. — 'i'vTi.i;K's Hisr., Hook (i, ch. 7, p. l-J.').' !I78.|. — . Kiifihuid, 17.->i). EiTemina- cy, vanity, luxury, rajiacily. uni\('rsally pre- vaile(l. Uclinion was d"s])isi'd of honor was lost or total national capacity was lowered. The national si)iritof defence was ini])aireil. — Kniout's Enc;., vol. (). ch. 14. p. -Z\-:i. 37W.1. NATION, Heterogeneous. Roitir. Romu- lus. . . built his city, having sent for per.sons from Hetriiria, who (as i;, usual in .sacred mysteries), according to stat'd ceremonies and written rules, were to order Mid direct how everything was to be done. Fivst, a circular ditch was dug about what is now called the Comitium, or JIall of Justice, and the tirst-fruits of everythin,^ that is reckoned either good by ii.se or neces.sary by nature were cast into it ; and thiii each bring- ing a small quantity of the earth of the country from whence he came, threw it in promi.seuously. This ditch had the name of Mundus, the sanu; with that of the universe. — Pi.utauch'b Komu- Li s. 37§6. NATK N, An inconsiderate. Feare d. [William Fitl and Edmund Hurke were Eng- land's famous statesmen.] In 1791 Pitt invited Hurke to dine with him. After dinner Burke was earnestly representing the danger which threatened the country from French [revolu- tionary] principles, when Pitt said, " Never fear. Mr. Bi;rk(^ ; depend on it, we shall go on ns we are till the day of judgment." " Very likely, sir," replied Hurke; "it is tlie day of no judg- ment that I am afraid of." — Knkiiit's Enu., vol. 7, ch. 11, p. 207. 37N7. NATION, Prospective. Nun Frnnrc. In the month of January, ir)24, Vcrrazzani left the shores of Europe. His llet't consisted at first of four vessels, but tiiree f)f them were dam- aged in a storm, and the voyage was undertaken with a single ship called the Dolphin. . . . The whole coast of New Jersey v.as explored, and the hills marked as containing minerals. The harbor of New York was entered, and its safe and sj)acious waters noted with admiration. At Newport, K. I., W-rrazzani anchored lor fif- teen overics. 'I'lie name of New France was now uiveii to tlu; whole country whose sea coast had been traced hy the adveii- tiiroiis ( rew of tli(.' Dolphin. — KiDi'.vrn's {' . S., cli, 5, p. 70. 37»«. NATION rescued, A. Jhi/tir ,(t l,iu- t/icn. [Frederick the (treat an'ainst the Aiistri- aiis, after suireriiii; yreat disasters. His enemies eomliined airainsl I'riissia. (ireat was the val/iti/,M. It appears that their original scat was on the ( tttawa Uiver. At tlu! beginning of the seveiitcentli cen- tury the .\ lgon(|uiiis numbered fully a ijuarter of a millio.i. The tribes of this great family were nomadic in their habits, roaming from one hunt- ing grou!id and river to another, according to die exigencies of fishing and thiM'tiase. Agri- culture was but little esteemed. They were di vided into many subordinate tribes, I'acli having its local name, dialect, and traditions. When the first Euroiiean .settlements were planted the Al- gon(|uin race was already declining in numbers and influence. Wasting diseases destroyed whole! tribes. Of all the Indian nations, th(! Algonquins suffered most from contact with the white man. Befon; h'" iggrcs.sive s])irit, his fiery rum, and his destru tive weapons, the warriors were una- ble to stand. Tlu; race has withered to a shadow ; only a few thousands remain to rehear.se tln! storv of their ancestors. — Uidi'ath's I'.S., ch. 1, p. 42. 3703. NATDKE vs. Art. Sumud Johnson. BoswK.i.i, : " I am well assured that the iieojile of Otalieite who have the bread tree, the fruit of >vliich .serves them for bread, laughed heartily when they were informed of thi! tedious process necessary with us to have bread — iiloughing, sowing, [.arrowing, r'^aping, threshing, grinding, baking.' .Ioii.nso.n ; " Why, sir, all ignorant savages will laugh when they arc told of the ad- vantages of civilized life. \Vere you to tell men who live without houses how we |)ile brick upon brick, and rafter uiion rafter, and that after a lious(! is raised to a certain height a man tum- bles off a scaffold and breaks his neck, lu! would laugh heartily at our folly in building; but it does not follow that ir. n are better with- out houses. No, sir," holding up a slice of a good loaf, "this is better than tlut bread-tree." — Bos. WKi.i.'s Johnson, p. 21ti. 370 1. NATURE, Demands of. Itxiac Xeirton. Early in his college career Newton would spend a whole nigh', ii, the solution of a mathematic.al ])roblem, and would greet him [his friend] in the nuirning with a joyful salutation, seemiiij; to be H 448 NATUUE-NECESSITV. iiiiii p 11 as much rcfrcsliod hy liis micccHfl ns if lie lind Hpcnt tlip ni'^lit in .sleep, ilc would leave his dinner uulnsted on Uk; tid)]c, hour after hour, winle 111! iirooded over .soino iniillieniatieal ditii- cidty, and at len;j;lli order tlm disjies io l)e ic- moved, not l)eing aware tlial lie had no diiuier. Xature will not susp.'nd her laws even in lavor of her most illustrious inte^ri^'-eter. Tlu^ lilooni faded from hisehe"ks; his digestion hecauie im- paired, and a .serious illness tlirealeued his life. jle took warninu, as he remarked, and " learned to go to lied netime.s." — Pahtcjn's Xkwi'on, p. 7!>. 3705. NATURE depreciated. Snitnul Jo/m- Kon. We walked in the evening in (Jreenwieh Park. He asked me, 1 sui)po.se, by way of try- ing my disposition, " Is not this very tine V" Having no e.\(juisite relish of the beauties of na- ture, and being more delighted with " \\\v, busy hum of men," I answered, " Yes, sir; but not ♦'(pial to Fl(!et Stre<'t." JoirNsoN : "You arc right, sir." — Boswkli/s Johnson, p. 127. 37»«. NATURE, Irreprestible. A ndirir Jack- son. The new Presi were connected, by an invisilile chain, with the moral and meia- physical opinions of the humi.n mind ; and the mo.st sagacious divines coidd distinguish, accord- ing to )h(^ color of their respective i)rejudices, that the establishment of heresy tended to jno- duce an earthquake, or that a deluge was t'^ inevitable conse((Uenceof the prog, 's.- of sin and error. — GinBON's Home, eh. 'ZiS, p. 2. 37»8. NATURE, Relief in. Edmv d B >/>•/,, . It is srill atouchiiig j)iftnre to the historic imag- ination to ff»llou hiiu fr:)iu the I'cat auC. violi-nce of the Hou.se, where tipsy stpu'res derided the greatest genius of his tim:', down to th" calm shades of Beacoiislield, where he would with his own hands give food to a starving beggar oi- medicine to a jieasant sick of the :igue ; where he would talk of th(! weather, tlu; turnips, and the hay with the team-men and th(^ inrm-ba.iitT ; and where, in the evning stillness, he would pa. e the walk under the trees, and retlect on tlx- state of Europe and tla^ distractions of his coun- try. — Mokt.i:y's Bi:uKE, cli. (>. 37»». NATURE, Secrets of. Tin;/>, of f/uirlcx IT- The great Work of interpreting nature was jierforniecl by the English of that age ;.s it had never before been performed in any age by any nation. The spirit of Erancis Bacon was abroad — a spirit admirably compounded of aud;uity and sobriety. There was a strong persuasion that the whole world was fidl of secrets of high mo- ment to the happiness of msm, and that man had, by his ]\Iaker, been intrusted with the key which, rig!'*ly used, would give access to them. There was, at the same time, a conviction that in phys- ics it was impossible to arrive at the knowledge of general lawsexcei)t by the careful observation of particular facts. — Macaulay's Eng., eh. 3, p, 381. 3NOO. NAVIGATION undeTeloped. A.D.'i^). So imperfect in those times was th(! art of navi- gation, that orators have celebrated the daring courage of the Romans, who ventured to set sail with a si(U'-wind, and on a stormy day. — Giii- itoN's Ito.MK, ch. l;}, p. 412. 3«0I. NAVY, A formidable. TorinnMr Ar- iiiiidii. Queen Eli/abet li, who openly espoused tlie eausi- of the Hollanders, had, by one of her ailiinrals. Sir Francis Drake, taken and plun dered some of the Sp. "ish settlements in Amer- ica. To revenge tlit se injuries, Philip [If.] pre- ])ared for an invasion of the kingdom of Eng- land, and ei|uipped the Invincibh! Armada, the most formidable navid armament that liad ever been raised by any single nation. This immense armament consisted of 150 large ships of war. manned by 2(),(M)0 soldiers and upward of 8()()() seamen, besides: 2(KK) galley-slaves, and armed with ;5()(K) jiiecps of cannon. To co-operat<^ with this prodigious naval force, 30. 000 men v/ere to be conveyed in transports from Flanders, and ii general insurrection was expected of all the Cath- olics in Britain to dejwse Elizabeth, and place her cousin, Marv of Scotland, ujion the throne of England.— tyri.Eu'a Hist., Book (i, eh. 2«, p. :](i9. 3S0tf, I'^AVy, Needof. Peter the G rent. He next turned his attention to the creation of a navy. His father, in pursuance; of the same de- sign, had ( au.sed one s'lli) to be built for him in Holland ; Imt that one ship, the whole navy of Russia, had been burnt, and in all the empire ttierc were but two men capable of navigatin;'- a shi) . "eter sought out these two men, one of whom ].io\c(I to be a man of great ability ; and him the (/.ar promoted to the post of chief con- • ':,•', ii deity, but Smith stood grindy with his musket across the i)ro.strate idol, and would grant no terms until six unarmed Indians had loaded his boat with corn. Then the image was given up, beads and hatchets were liberally distributed among the warriors, who ratified the peace by performing a dance of friendship, while Snnlh NECROMANCY— NEWSI'ArKHS. 440 II. and lii8 iiieii rowed up the river with a bout-load of BUppliuS. — ItlDl'ATU'B U. B., cli. 0, p. 98. 3S04. NECBOMANCY, Proof of. •'Familiar Spirit." Dr. John Dvc, an a.Htroiogerand magi- cian, who went on (.'asliiig nativitii-s and raising spirits till the days of James I., had come into re- put« in the mid(flc of the .sixteenth century ; and lie got into trouble, according to his own account, through being suspected of " endeavoring, by en- chantments, to destroy Queen Mary." In .lime, 1.').').5, some persons were apprehended, " that did <'alculate the king's and queen's and "uy lady Elizabeth's nativity ; whereof one Dee aiMi Davy are accused, that they shoidd have a j'amiliar spirit." The fanuliar si)irit was i)clieved in, be- cau.so ou(; of their accusers had " immediately upon the accusatit)n both his children stricken, the one with i)resent death ami the other with blindness. "—Kniout's Enc;., vol. iJ, ch. 7, p. !.>7. 3S0A. NEGEO, Blood of the. B"Mt(>/i 'Sramtrri'. [British .soldiers provoked a([Uiirnlin the streets of Boston, imd were despised and insulted iiy the mob. J Thnic persons were killed, iimoiig tlicm Altu('ks, the midatlo. . . . who at the tim(; was ((uietly leaning on ii long stick. . . . Eight were wounded, two of them mortally. <>f all the eleven, not mon than one had had any share in th(i disturbance. ^B.XNCKOKr'H I. H., V(jl. (i, ch. 4;i. 3§06. NEGROES in 'War. {mrn'ran CohnuVM. [In Parliament, a i>. 177."), Lyttelloii, formerly Oovernor of SotUh Carolina, favored coercion, and] explained the inherent weakness of the So\ithern colonies, and with obvious salisfuction intimated that "if a few regiments were sent there, the negroes would imbrm; tbeir hands in Iheir masters' blood." — B.vncuoft's U.S., vol. b>, id J»h n - *o?i. Such wah the beat and irritability of bis blood, that not only did he jtare bis nails to the (juick, but scraped the joints of his fingers with a i)enknife, till they .seemed (jnite red and raw. — BoHWEi.i.'s Johnson, p. 4H!i. 380S. NEUTEALITY enforced. J^Vnirh Jiii- olutidii. [When LouisXVI. was caitlured by the revolutionists and returned to Paris, jilacards were posted announcing.] Whoever shall ap- l)laud the king shall be Hogged ; wboexcr sbidl insult him shall b(^ hanged. — Kni(;ht's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 10, p. ~'0:}. 3M09. IIEUTRALITY, Nominal. Ahilmma. .Most deslruc^live of iill the (Jonfedenile vessels was the famous Alabama, built at Liveri)ool. Her commander was Captain Kapbiiel Senunes, the same who bad cruised iu the Sumter. A majority of tb(^ crew of the Alabama were Brit- ish subjects ; her armament waseiuirely British; and whenever occiisiou recjuired the British Hag was carried. In her whole ciireer, involving the /•. Valentine Mott. The barber of Dr. .Mott at once began to speak of the awful news of that n\orning. The doctor, who had beard nothing of it, was overwhelmetl with the intelligence. He turiu'd as pale as death. Uising from his chair, hestuggered to an adjoining room in search of his wife. "My dear," said he, " 1 have received such a shock ; I'resid(;nt Lincoln has been murdered," Having uttered these words, hi; .sat down, .-itill deadly l)ale, and so feeble that hi; coidd scarcely keep ids .seat. He was soon .seized with acute jjains in the back, and apjieared t,) be overtaken, all at once, with the wciikness usually attached to fi)ursc()re. Fr< in that time; he contimied h> grow feel)l('r every hour, and after lingering ten days brcallicd Ids last — a \ictim()f the same lilow that r(il)b((l tlie n.ilion ()f its chief. — Cv- ( 1,(J1'E1)1.V OK BlO(i., p. Wl't. 3SI1. NEWS, -Writer of. Ihrinnin KA^Aim. His liraiu, which was his eslale, had as regular and (litYereiil jiroducts as other men's land. From the liegiiudng of November \mtil the open- ing of the campaign he writ pami)hlets and let- ters !o meuUjers of Piirliament or friends in the coiuUr}'. But .sometimes he woidd relieve; his ordinar}- rciiders with a nuirder, and lived com fort a My for a week or two upon strange and lamentable accidents. A litth; before the arndes took the tield his way was to open your attention with a prodigy ; ano., ch. 26, p. 4(';3. 3812. NEWSPAPERS, Colonial. American. In 1740 th(! numbi r of newspapers in the Eng- lish colonies on the Continent had increased to eleven, . . . one in South Carolina, one in Vir- ginia, three; in Peimsylvania, . . . one iu New York, and the remaining five in Boston. The sheet at lirst used was but of lh(! foolscap size ; and but one, or <'ven half of one, was issued weekly. Tlu; pujicrs sought su|)|)ort rather by modestly telling the news of the day than by engaging in coidlicts ; they bad no political the- ories toeid'orce, no ri'volutions in faith to hasten. — B.\Nci{oi'";'s U. S., vol. 8, ch. 2;5. 3813. NEWSPAPERS deprecated. Ih/ Additton. [.Vt theopeniiijr of the eighteenth cenluryj news- papers nndtii)lied. But even Addi.son could not; see that they wi-rc ciipable of becoming great in- stnunents of pulilic; good. He says the peophr are made poli:i( ians l,y the publication of State matters I)y the oress ; and adds, "One cannot bid, be sorry that such a pernicious machine is erected ainoiu,'' IhciU. " — IvNUiUTS IvNO., vol. 5, ch. 4, p. 01. 381-1. NEWSPAPERS, Primitive. neir/n of Ciiarldt IT. At the clo.se of Lis reign no new<- ])aper w.'is suffered to api)ear without his allow- ance, and his allowance was given exclusivelv ~ .1 450 NEWSPAPERS— NON-RESISTANCE. to tlie London GmelU. Tlio London QazetUt came out only on Mondays mid ThurMduys. The contents genemlly were 11 royal jiroclamation, two or thre(! Tory addresses, notices of two or three promotions, an account of a skirnwsh between the imperial troops and the Janissaries on th(( Danube, a descri])tion of a hiciiwayman, an an- nouneenieiit of a errand C()ck.-ti<;hl between two ])ersons of honor, and an advertisement otferini,' u reward for a strayed doy. 'I'lie whoh^ made up two paj^es of moderate size. . . . Tlie most important parliamentary debates, tlie most im- jiorlant State trials recorded in ourliisiory, wen' ])assed over in ])rof(;'nd silence. — .M.vcai i,.\v's Emi., ch. 'A, p. ,'Xi'l. 3S15. NEWSPAPERS, directed by. Tlir T.it- J( r. VX'uv ])ros])e( tus of tli(^ TkUi i\ which aj)- peared on the Vl\\\ of April, ITOlt, "professed to teach 'politic jiei-soiis what to think.'"] — Knioiit's En(i., vol. ,"), ch. 20. 3§10. NIGHT, Activity at. llannn the Cuihu- (finian. [Voyatfc of African discovery. ] lie ob- served from his tlcet, that in th(! daytime there was nothinjjT to be seen upon the land, but all was stillness and silence ; but in the night he heard the sound of various nnisical instnunents, and saw a g'reat number of tires lighted alon;; the coast ; and we know that such is the apjiearance e' a great part of the western coast of Africa at .his day, that the .savages in the daytime retire into the woods to avoid the heat of the sun ; that they light great tires in the night to disperse the beasts of jircy ; and that they are extremely fond of nmsic .-md dancini^. — Tvti.ku's Hist. , IJook ;5, ch. 8, p. 3."")!). 3S 17. NIGHT, Desire for. Willuiiiton. [At the l)attle of AVaterloo his army was beginning to give wav. I As he saw his lines melting away hi, repeatedly looked at his watch, and tlien fixed his gaze on the distant hills ; and jis he wijied the perspiration which mental anguish had extorted from his brow, he exclaimed, " Would to heav- en that Bluch":' ;;; night would come 1" — Au- ijott's Nai'oi.kon 15., vol. 2, ch. 27. 3§l§. NOBILITY of Appearance. Xumitor. [Romuh'.s was taken prisoner in battle.] When the youth was conducted to his house, Nundtor wiis greatly struck with his api)earance, as ho was very remarkal)le for size and strength ; he observed, too, his jircsence of mind and the steadiness of Ids looks, which had nothing .ser- vile in them, nor were altered with th(^ .sense of his present danger ; and h(! was informed that his actions and whole behavior were suitable to what he saw. — Pi.'taiu'u's Komllus. 3§l». NOBILITY n.mored. Co/ifi.mou. Pom- pey had resolved ti; cl.a.stise the Ilimereans for sittempting to supjjori .lis enemies, when the or- ator Sthennis told him would act uniuo'.'.v if lie pas.sed by the jxTscn that was guilty, and punished the innocent. Poiajiey asked him who wa.s the giulty person, and he aii.swercd, " I am the man. I persuaded my friends, and compelled my enemies, to take the measures they did.' Pomfiey. delighted with his frank confession and noble spirit, forgave him first, and afterward all the people of llimera. — Plutauch's Po.mi'KY. 3§2C. NOBILITY, Patriotic, ."^ylhi. Sylla . . . came to Prreneste, where at tirst he tried the in- habitants, and had them executed singly. lUit afterward, finding he had not leisure for such for- malities, lie collected then» to the number of twelve thousand, and ordered them to be put to death, excepting only one who had formerly en- tertained him at his hou.se. This man with n noble spirit told him hv would never owe his lifo to the destroyer of his country ; luid voluntarily mixing with the crowd, he die(i with his fellow- citizens. — Pl.tTAKCIl's Svi.i.A. ;|W2I. NOBILITY recognized. /"'//.-< /A'. [Lo\i- is IX. was ca|>lui'ed by the Sari-.cei;s. J He dis- ])layed in his adversity an unshaken firmness, digiuty, and magnanimity, Avhich extorted the iidmiration even of his .savage captors. The .Sar- acen sultan soon showed himself dispose(. ,■ '" that ago had maintained tl.iii i. ixe, eh cf S . ■' or con- tracl. no excess oi" L.ue'. . !ai)niii,. ci licen- tiousne.ss, on ''tc part "'' ■' ii,d''f"v i.^; u ould justify his jioji'e in witi,-';'''iiig r: u_, .orce. ""■■'''t'WS'! NONSENSE-NUMBERS. 451 Some of them had dclij^litod to exhibit the doc- trine of non-resistance in a form so exaijgc alcd as to shock common-sense and Ininmnily. Tliey frequently and emphatically remarked tl'.it Ne- ro was at tlu; head of the Roman Gov( niment when Saint Pawl inculcated the duly of ol/i'ln/.? maj!;istrat(!H. Tlu! inferentie which they drew was that, if an Eni^lislj king should, without any law hut his own ])lcasure, pcrsetiute his subjects for not worshipping idols, should lling themto th(! lions in the Tower, should wraj) them up in ]iiteh(.'d cloth and set them on t\\v. to ligl.. xip Saint James' Park, and should go on with thesi- massacres till whoh^ towns and shires were left without one inhabitant, the survivors would still be bound meekly to submit, ann;1 Johiixon. Mrs. Tbrale disputed with him on the merit of Prior. Ho attacked him powerful- ly ; said lie wrote of love like a man who had never felt it ; his love-verses were college verses. . . . Mrs. Tbrale stood to lier gun with great courage, in defence of amorous ditties, wliicli Johnson despised, till he at last silenced her by saying, " Aly dear ladj', talk no more of tils. N()n.seiise can be defended butbyiioiiseii.se." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 1G2. 3836. NOVELS, Contempt for. Xapa'fo)!, T. His contempt for works of liction — the wtiole cla.ss of novels and romances — amounted almost to indignation, lie never could endure to see one reading such a book. . . . Once, when eni- jieror, in passing through the .saloons of his pal- ai^e, he found one of tlie maids of honor with a novel ill her liands. He took it from her, gave lier a severe lecture for wasting her time in such frivolous reading, and cast the volume into the flames. \V hen he had a few moments for diver- sion, lie not unfrequently employed them in look- ing over a book of logarithms, in Avhi? li lie al- ways found recreation. — AnitoTT^s Nai'oi.eox B.,'vol. 1, ch. 10. 3§27. NOVELS, Reading of. Excitement. [The Windsor blacksmith] got hold of Richard- .son's novel of " Pamela ; or Virtue Rewarded," and used to read it aloud in the long summer evenings, seated on his anvil, and never failed to liave a large and attentive audience. When the happy turn of fortune arrived which brings the hero and heroine together, and sets them livinji- long and happily accordnur to the most approved rules, the congregation were so delighted as to raise a great shout, and procuring tlu; church keys, actually set the parish bells ringing. — Kmoiit's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 5, p. 88. 382§. NUISANCE, Perpetuated. Jiei'jii of ChdHes II. Saint James' 8(juare was a recep- tacle for all tlu! olfal and cinders, for all the dead cats and dead dogs of Westminster. At one time a cudgc^l-player kept the ring there. At another time an impudent squatter settled liimself there, and built a shed for rulibi.sh un- der the windows of the gilded saloons in which the first magnates of the realm — Norfolks, Or- monds, Kenls, and Pembrokes — gave banquets and balls. It was not till these nuisances had lasted through a whole generation, and till much had been written about them, that the iuhabi- tniits applied to Parliament for permission to put up rails and to plant trees. — Macai.i.ay'b Eno., ch. 3, p 'i\\\. 3»3». NUMBER, Small. liidieuUil. [When T;ucullus, with a small army, encamped before! the army of Tigranes, he) made use of that celo brat.'d exiiression, that if they came as ambas- sadors there were too many of them ; if as sol- diers, too few. — Pia;taii(ii's Liicm.rs. 3M30. NUMBERS, Disparity of. Crtez. Ve- 1ms((uc/., the Si)anish (Jovenior of Culia, jealous of the fame of Oorlez, had desputclicd a f()r dc Xarvacz, the same who wa-i after- ward (lovernor of Florida. His forces ((insisted of more than l'.2(K) well-armed and well-di.scip- iined soldiers, besides lOOlt Indian servants and guides. But the vigilant C'ortez had mean- while been informed by messengers from Vera Cruz of the movement which his enemies at home had set on foot against him, and he deter- mined to sell his command only at the price of his own life and the lives of all his followers. He therefore instructed Alvarado, one of his subonlimile ollicei's, to remain in the capital with a small force of 140 men ; and wilii the re- mainder, nuniliering less than '.iOO, he hastily withdrew from the city, and jirocecded by "a forced march to encounter l)e Narvaez on the sea-coast. On the night of the '.iOth of May, 1530, while the soldiers of the latter were quietly asleep in their camp near Vera Cruz, Cortez lairst upon them with the fury of despair, and before they could rally or well understand the terrible onset, comjielled the whole force to sur- render. Then, adding the general's skill to the warrior's i^rowess, he succeeded in inducing the eoiKiuereii army to join his own standard ; and with his forces thus augmented to six times their oriirinal numbers, he began a second time hismarch toward the capital. — Riopvth's U. S., ch. 4, p. CO. 3131. NUMBERS, Disparity in. Sohlien. Fol- lowed, as it is said, by 2,000,000 men, Xerxes, the descendant of Cyrus, invaded Greece. Thirty thousand xMiers, under the i onimand of Alex- ander, the .son of Philip, who was intrusted by the Greeks with their glory and revenge, were sutlicient ti> subline Persia. — Gihuon's Rome, ch. 8, p. 2-21. ati'Vi. . MiuriitiiiH — C'lDifitdiitine. At the head of about 40,000 .soldiers, he marched to encounter an enemy whose numbers were at least four times superior to his own. But the armies of Rome, placed at a. secure distance from danger, were enervated by indulgence and lux- ury. Habituateil to the baths and theatres of Rome, they took the field with reluctance, and were chiefiy composed of veterans who had al- most forgotten, or of new lev((es who had never ac^ld. once more taken by surprise, and notiible to deny his former words, approach- ed the missal, iind laid his hand on it, not know inglliatlhechest of relic-s wa.s beneath. . . . When Harold rose from his knees tin? duke made him stand clo.se to the chest, and took off the ])all that had covered it, and showed Harold upon what holy relics be liad sworn ; and Harold was .sorely alarmed at the sight. [See No. 3830.J— Ueci- sivK Hatti.ks, t; 284. 3841. OATH, A test. Jliuniof Chnrlfgir. The terrors of popery were now re\ ivcd, and the loud- OATIIS-OUKDIKNCE. 453 psl complaints rrsoiindod from all ((uartcrH of flio kingdom. A bill wivs hrouKli'- Into I'arlianiciit for imposing a toHt oath on all wIiohIkhiM enjoy any piib]i(M)l!lc(!. They wcru oblii^cd to take tlic; sacrament in th(! cstaMlshcd chiirdi, and to al)- jiiro till' (ioctrinc of transulistanlialion ; and. in (•on.sc(|ii('ncc of liiis new law, to wliicli the kinij wiuH obliged to giv(! his consent, his iirotlier Janice, l)uk(! of York, lost his ollice of liigli ad- miral. — Tyti-ku'h lIiHT., Hook (J, eh. JK), p. 421. !l8'ltl. OATHS, Strange estimate of. JorinH. Ity his advice and example [the I'ra'torian prefect) the principal otilcersof tii»^ State and army wen; obliged to swear that, williout listening, in aiii/ cir(!umatancca, to iini/ conditions of peace, tliey would still persevere in perpetual and implacable! war against the enemv of the repul)lic. This ru.^ii engag(!mcnt oi)pose(i an insuperabhi bar to all future negotiation. The ministers of llonorius were heard to declare that if they had only in- voked the name of the Deity, they would consult the public safcity, and trust their houIs to the mer(;y of Heaven ; but they had .sworn by th(! sacred hcnil of the emperor hiniself ; they had touched, in solemn ceremony, that august seat of majesty and wisdom ; and the violation of tlieir oath would expose them to the temporal penalties of sacrilege and rebellion. — Gijjhon's Ko.mk, ch. 31, p. 37(5. 384;i. OBEDIENCE, Absolute. <\iniifore him in the court of peicrs, and answer the complaints and accu.sixtions of his Gascon va.s8als. " We will not fail," replied Edward, " to obey the order of the King of France ; we will proceed to Paris, but it shall be with ba.ssinet on our head ; and 60,0(K) men to bear us company." — Students' Fu.vn'CE, ch. 10, ^ 16. 3§45. OBEDIENCE, Hlnlsterial. }fa?imn€t. [Mahomet was at one time almost imi vernal ly reprobated.] He preached all day when every man, woman, and child flouttMlhim as an impos- tor. One day he returncid home silent, pro.strat- ed, discouraged, wrapped his head in his cloak, lay down upon a mat, and fell asleep. Inspira- tion, still more obstinate than the i)opular iiulif- ference, revisited him during his slumber. Ho heard a voice crying from his heart to him, " (> thou who envelopest thyself in thy manllc! to sleep, arise, and go preach." \U' arose with tlio day, and went out to i)reacli as if he had the day before made a harvest of converts. — Lam.vu- TiNE'rt Tiiuki;y, p. «0. 3§.|6. . Xiilluia IhiD'/H. [VVheu Rev. Nathan Hangs, D.D.,] wasa young preach- er, he became despondent because' of the; nunu'r- ous ditllculties he experienced and the absenco of d(!sired success, and resolved to abandon tlio ministry. A signitlcaiit dream relieved him. He thought he wa.s woiking with a pickaxe on the lop of a ba.salti(! rock. His nuisciilar arm brought down stroke after stroke; for he)urs, but the; roeik wius hardly ineU'nte'el. He-saiel te>him- se'lf atlast, " It is u.sele-ss ; I will i)ie'k ne) more." Suelelenly a strangeT of dignitie'd mie'u ste)e)el by his side' and spe)ke te) him. " Ye)U will pick no more V" "No me)re'." " Were ye)U ne)t se't to this task?" "Y'e-s." "Anel why abanele)n it V" "My we)rk is vain ; I make; ne) impression on the) re)ck." Solemnly the stranger replie'el, " What is that te) yeiu ? Ye)ur duty is to pie'l:, whether the reie'k yielels or ne)t. Ve)ur we)rk is in yo\ir e)wn hanels ; the re'sult is neit. \\'e)rk em 1" He» re'sumed his task. The; lirst, ble)W was give-n with almejst supe'rhuman feire'e', anel the; re)ek lle-w inte> a the)u.sanel jiie'ces. He awe)ke!, pursue-il his way baek with fresh ze-al ami cneTgj', anel a gre'at re'- vival folle)weel. Frean that elay he' ne've*i' hael e've'ii a " teMn]itatie)n" te> give >ip his e'emuni.ssiou. — Stkvkns' M. E. Chi.hck, vol. 3, p. 4H.'). ;I8'I7. OBEDIENCE, Monkish. Km/pliat). The ae'lions eif a monk, his weirels, anel e've-n lii.s the)ughts, we're' de'termiueel by an intle'xil)le' rule, eir a e'a])i-ieie)us supe'rior ; tlie: slighte'st eilTence'S weTc e'orre'Cti'el by elisgrace e)r cetntine'me'Ut, ex- trae)relinary fasts, or ljle)ejely flage'llation ; anel eli.se)l)e'die;tice, jnurnuir, e)r di'lay we're- ranke'el in the catale)gue' of the most he'ine)us sins. A l)linel submission te) the; ee)intiianels of the abbeit, he)W- cve'r absurel, e)r e-ve'ii eriminal, tlu'y might .se-em, was the ruling prineiple', the; first virtue' e)f the Egyptian monks; anel tlie'ir ])»tience was fre- epiently exe're'iseel by tljc me)sf e'xtravagant trials. The'y we're elirecteel to re'move ane'neirmoiis roe;k; assiel\ie)usly \o water a barre'u .steiff that wa.s plantcel in the; gre)und, till, at tlie' e'uel oi threu years, it she)ul(l ve'getate'aiulblejsseau like' i-i tree ; te) walk inte) a liery furnae'e', e)r to cast their in- fant into a ele'e'p peinel ; anel se'veral saints, e)r madmen, have licen itnme)rtali/.e'el in me)nastic story by tin'ir tlie)Uglitle'ss nnet fe'arle'ss obedi- enee'. — GfunoN's Rd.vii;, eli 37. p. ij'i\). 3848. OBEDIENCE, Outward. iMynHi/. [In IGOl .Janu'S II. was urgcel by llie le>yul High- lanelcrs whe) had coiitiiuieel inarms fe)r him after the accession e)f William e)f Orange lo.seiiel them re;enforcements. His Majesty re'plieel that] hi.s abilities to assist were exhausteel by the' pressing nee;e.ssitie;s e)f Ireland. If the'y coulel slanei out no longe'r he recexumeneletl "an outwarel com- pliance." — KNKiiir's ENei., vol. .I, ch. 9, p. 132. 3849. OBEDIENCE, Perfect. Ahoubeker. Abou- beker. the sucex'ssor of Mahomet, befe)re pursu- ing along to Lebanon and the sea his missie)n anel his conejuest, wrote to Amrou, one of the; f 454 OHSCURITY— ()( ( UPATION. most HiihmiHslvc of IiiMdiHciplcH ; he ordered him to levy H nuinlxT of warriorM imioiij^ tlie trilx's, and to coiidiict them to DamiiNciis, to swell tlie torrent, of Ishimism. Anirou, who governed in Iieaee Imm .slicplieni trihen, received tills order ^vltll pain ; liiil iie did not liesitatc! to oliey. " I am," said lie, In Ids answer lo the caliph, "one of tlie arrnwH of Islaniisni ; (Jod has placed the how In thy liand ; it Is for tliee to launch the arrow to what destination tliou inayesl choose." — L/VMAiniNKH Ti'uki;y, p. lO."). 3»»0. 0B8CUEITY deiired. Napohon. [When Louisiana was ceded to the; I'liilcd Slates hy France,) tlu; upriijhl and coiiHcientlous Marhois . . . Was especially anxious . . , that no ani- hijTUous clauses should hv. Introduced into the treaty. lie eoniiuunieated Ids troubles on this point to the First Coiisid, advisin;; him that it Heenied inii)oMsil)U! to construct the treaty .so as to free It from obscurity on Ww important matter of lioundaries. Far from exhihiting any sym- pathy with Ills faitliful ndiuster's solicitude on this point. iJonaparte (piietly informed liim that " if an obscurity did not already exist, it would perhaps be good policy to put one in the treaty. . . . The acipiisition of Hpanisli Ameri''a may have been expected, or at least dreamed of by lllm. — 1}I-.\INK'H TWKNTi' Ykah8 ok ('o.nohksm, p. 10. 3S5I. 0B8EEVATI0N, Acute. [ih„'h:wtith. rCharles II. was .seeking to escape to France.) rills secret, so lace of an iiour or two, to per- suade him from his will and npiietite, tmt I could never bring to pa.ss to di.ssuade him there- from.— Kxtciirr's pjxci., vol. 2, cli. 17, p. 279. Jlia.l. OBSTINACY, Extraordinary, .himex IT. It is j)robaJ)l(! a motion for opening a negotiation with .James wo ild have been made in the Con- vention, and would have been supported by the great boily of Tories, had he not been on this, as on every other occasion, his own worst enemy. Every post which arrived from Saint Germaiil's ])rought intelligence which damped the ardor of his adherents. He did not tliink it worth his while to simulate regret for Ids past errors, or to promise amendment. He put forth a mani- festo telling his iieoi)le that it liad l>een his con- stant CM re to govern them with justice and mod- eration, ,i/id tliat tliev had been cheated into ruin hy imiiginury grievances. The ofTcct of his folly and obstinacy was that those who were most de- sirous to see him restored to his throne on fair cr)iiditions f(!lt that, liy proposing at that mo- ment to treat with him, they shoidd injure the cause wlilcli they wished to serve. — Macaulay'h Enu., ch. 10, p. r)((7. SIMA'I. OBSTINACY, ImmoTable. Jropf)sed to sanctify the whole re- mainder of tli(> year, that no further bu.siness might t>e transacted in it. Yells drowned his voice. The mob rushed upon the steps ; Bibu- lus w.'is llirown (hjwn, an(i the rods of the lie- tors were broken ; the tribunes who had betray- ed their order were beaten. — Froude's C/I':sau, ch. i;i 3§57. OCCUPATION, Changes in. Peter Co- per. At first blush, this fretiui nt change of bu-ii- ness would seem to indicate instability of pur- ^ OCKAN— OFFICK. 455 poHc. lie wiiH Ihirtyllirt'o vcarM old when h« l)()Uju:lit the tfUiv factory, iukI Imd been in buxi- now for liiiiiMolf nine years, «-han>;in>f from car- liaKe-niaiier to wooUencanler, and from woui- Icncarder lo inventor, then beconiin^r a caltinel- nmlier, only to contiimt! tlie l)u.sine.sH one year, \vlieii lie sold out to open a j^roeery Htore, eon- limiinir it only twelve inonlliM, and llnally sold out tiilH business to carry on a >;lue factory. .Six elian^'es in nine years Imve very seldom niadc! anybody rich, but the proof of bis wisdom was evident ciioukIi. for every movement was for tin' better. He bail be(!n steadily increasing his ac- ( iinndatioiis. This lust cbnnirc? was to lie per- manent. — Lkhtkk'h LiKi': ok I'ktkii Coopkh, p. 10. •IMftN. OCEAN God's Barrier, The. A Sunnrn. [In the coniiuest of Africa they reached ilitf Atlantic. I 'I he career, thouj^h not the /eal, nf Akbah wa.s checkeil by the prospect of abound- less ocean. He spurred his iiorse into the waves, and raisin^j^ Ids eyes to lieaven, exclaimed, with tinstone of afanatit;, " Great God t if my course Avert! not stopped by this sea, I would still go on, to the unknown kingdoms of tlie West, ])reacli- iiig the ludty of thy holy name, and ptitting to the sword the rebellif)us nations who worsldp any other gods tlian Thee." Yet this Moham- medan Alexander, who sighed for new worlds, was \mable '.o preserve his recent con:|. 0D0B8, Dangeroni. I'^nifll of CnmeU. The .\rabs disdaini'd the naked bravery of their ancestors. Instead of wagons, they were attend- ed by a long train tif camels, mules, and a.sses ; tli(! multitudi! of these animals, whom they be- decked with Hags and streamers, appeared to swell the pomp and magnitude of tlicirliost; and the horses of the enenty were often disordered by the uncouth tigure and odious smell of the cam- els of the Kast. Invincilile by their i)al!enc(! of thirst and heat, their spirits were frozen by a winter's cold, and the consciousness of their pro- pen.sity to sleep exacted the most rigorous pre- cautions against the surprises of 'he night. — Giu- iion'h Ko.mk, ch. .'>;}, p. ;}T(). .1N6f thu trt'iiMiiry during hiM udinlnlHlrulidii hud liccn examined nnd approved. As liiu leprcNcn- tativi'M of tiio towns had U'cn found tlic most luunaiui^^cahlo part of tlui rarliiinieni itwaHde- tcrndncd to niuliu. A Niniiiar change liud recently Iteen elfeeted In Ena;latid liy judicial DcMtenceH, liiit in Hcotland a simple mnndati- of the prince waM Ihought mitllcient. All elections «if iruigistruteH and of town councils wen; pro- ]til)itent cause alleged fr)r 8t;niling the degraded of- llcer a bowstring along with Iho order for Ids dismission. — TYTLEu'a IIiht., Hook ti, ch. 1,1, p. 213. 3N07. OFFICE, Conditlom for. TteignofJnmcx jr. The president of the college [M;igdalene] died. One of the follows, Doctor Thomas Hmith, jtopidnrly incknamed Itabbi Bnulh, a distinguish- ed traveller, book-collector, antiepmry, and Ori- entalist, . . . a.si)ired to tlu! vacant post. ... lie had long been intimately acipiuiiited with Par- ker, Bishop of O.xford, and Loped to obtain by the interest of that prelate a nwal l(>ttcr to the college. Parker promised to do his best, but .soon reported that ho had fcmnd difllculties, 'The king," he .said, " wid recommend no person who Is not a friend to lu.s Majesty's religion. What can you do to i)leasuro bim as to that matt ^r ?" Hmith answere< ! that, if lio became president ho •would exert hu self to promote learning, true Christiauity, and loyally. "That will not do," paid the bishop. "If ho," «dd Smith, ninn- fully, "let who will be pr"sident ; I can prom- ise nothing more." — AIacaiii-ay's En(1., ch. 8, p. 2B0. 3§6i. OFFICE declined. Jtoi/alti/. At length rromwell, with much reluctance, wa.s obliged to refuse that dignity which he most anxiously de- f*ired, and had talien such uncommon measure."} to attain. To console him for hi.s mortifying dis- appointment, the Parliament confirmed his title of Protector, to which they added a perpetual Tcvenue, and the right of appointing hi.s success- or. They gave him authority likewise to name a house or peers, and he i.ssued writs to sixty anembers, among whom were five or six of the old nobility, some gentlemen of family and fort- ime, and tho rest officers who had risen from Ihe meanest professions. But none of the old no- Lility would deign to accept of a seat in this mot- ley assembly ; and by naming so many of his mends to sit in the upper hou.se, the Protector found he had lo.st the majority in the IIou.se of Commons, which now began to dispute and op- pose all his measures, Enraged ut his di;iap- poinlment, he hantlly dii««olved (his Parliammt, as he had done neveral of Ihe precedlu/.' — Tyt- i,i;nsHiHT., Book 0, ch. :«». p. 417. :tM«1>. OFFICE, Dlilike for. Ami/ rath IT. t/ifl Turk. The sultan, Amuralh II , wns a i>rlnco of a singuJiir character. No man was bet tei qual- illed to inereUM(> the ^' andeur of IiIn empire, and n(> one was so fond ot a life of (pdet and retire- meiil. lie twice r< signernh(nn T.ineoln. Jh'o one of his Tiredecessors, not even AN lushlngton, encounterecf di(ll(Mdties of ('(pud nuigidtude, or was called to jHrfdim duties of cfpud responsibility. He was first elected byiv minority of llu' iK)pular vote, utid his election wa» regarded by a majority of tin; peoph; as the inmie- diale occasion, i' not the cause, of civil war ; yet upon hini devolved the necessity of carrying on that wai . /ind of cond)ining and wielding the en- ergies of the nation for its successful pro.secu- li(m.— Uav.monu'8 Lincoln, ch. 21, p. 71.">. 3S7I . OFFICE by FayoritUm. Duke of Uuck- inqham. The demerits and defects of Bucking- ham, nowcsiH'cially, became daily more obvious, and roused in the ndndsof all noble Knglishmeu growing indignation. \Vo have already spoken of the a.scent of this man to power — it is unllko anything in (-ur hi lory : he .simply had the gra<'0 and beauty of a woman, without a woman's pre- science and tact. lie delighted in deix-ndents and suitors, never got beyond the court, and could not luiderstjind the peoph;. He could not comi)rehend that the reign of favorites was pas.s- ed, and the reign ftf statesmen begun ; and (hat, as Eliot says, " the old f nius of the kingdom in reawakening." Having verv litdo of the .states- man himself, he seems to have looked with cov- etous (^e and hand on the trains of the bucca- neer, whil(r utterly unpi >s.se8.sed of the buccaneer's grasp and strentrth. — Hood's ('komwkll, ch. 'i, p. 61. 3873. OFFICE, Honorary. John Uoirard. In the year ITTU John Howard was appointed high sheriff of the county of Bedfordshire, in which he resided. In England the sheriffs are appoint- ed by the king, and he usually .selects one of tho leadmg gentlemen or noblemen of the county, who holds theofllce one year. The disagreeublu duties of the i)lace are performed by under-sher- ilTs. Twice a year the hiL;li .sheriff, clad in showy robes of his ofilce, rode out of town in his car- riage, and escorted to the town-hall, nmid the jiealing of bells, the judges who came to hold tlia semi-annual court ; and in the evening he gavu a ball, which was attended by the judges, tho lawyers, and the principal families of the coun- ty. He ai.so occasionally entertained at dinner tlie gentlemen of the neighborhood ; and thcso were all the duties which custom and public opinion demanded of the high sheriff. As ho receive-i lia|)|iliH'NH wliiili (.mid lie- loiiK to 11 priviiU' Niiilioii. Ho wiilkt'tl tlmmjjli tli(! Hfrct'ls (if HoDic. willuiiit jfuiinl oralti'iiduiil, ftH i\ 'iirlvMUi fndivi.iiiil, tiiiirc w^'ure in llic 1(>\«' an i «ITr<'ii(iii of lii^ .iilijfclx limn in tlic Mtn nt^lli of nn iiiipt'iial rctinii'' I Ir lived witli IiIh fricml- on tiTMiM of till' mk/kI, f.'iniiliur intrriiiiirNf ; L tihariul in nil their iiniUHcnifint^ ; and tlicn* ^\as l)ctwi!t) Hiiid to liuve been truly hap- py.- rvTi. Kit's MiHT., JJook ... (!h. 1, r 4»fl. 3N7/t. OFFICE, Love of. lifi'tja of ., im,.i II. To the iiinilanne (if thi! sincere friend df \\w F.Mt«l>llHhed Ciiiiich [ialf lord lreiiN>irerJ Hix h- »;.stor luid, indeed, very .slender l.iitnH. To Havo Ids place, he had .Hal in that liiliiinid which had been ille>;iilly createiilit her ortho- doxy, had listened with tint ontward Hhowof do- cility to toucherH who < : led herNchlMnKUicaland heretical, and liad oITi i .mI to cooperate -treini- ou.sly with her deadliest enemleH in theirdesijrns against her. The hlj^hcHt prai.sc to which he w h entitled wii.s tliis, that Ik; had shrunk fmni tli(; CX«'ei-dili^ wii kediie.s.s and l)aHeii("-s of ))iilili( ly abjiirin;^, for Im re, tlu; relij^ioii in whii li he had I'l'en hronj^lil iii>, which he liellcvcd to he Iriie, Old of whi> li lie had lorn; made an oHteiil .iIoiih l)rof(WMioii. -Mai Ai;i. ay's i;n(j,, cIi (1, p 144. !lfi7A, . lititjn if Janu'n IT, [!'> uii; )intod by tlie king on the \\i ,| of iH.sioii.H| liocheNter, di.sai)proviiif,'aiid iiiurmurin.!;. consenicd to Herv(<. .Much as he liad to endure at conrt, hi; could not bear to ipiit it. !Miich as lie loved tin; Church, he coiilil uoi bring himself tn Miicritice for her ^-ike his wliiic s .iff, his patronage liii salary ol' .UHOOO a year, and the f;ir larger uidlreel eiiioluiiicnts of hisol- Hcc. lie excused his eonduet to others, and per- haiw to him.self, by i)leadiiig that, as a commis- wioiier, he ndght be able to |)revent much evil, and that, if he refused load -^nme ])ers(iii le-^sal lached lot''(! Protest .iit religion would be fiimd to replace liinj. . . . The king offered Uoclie-ler a simple I lioice, to iiroimiince thebishoj) [C\>mp- ton] gidlty, or to (piit the treasury. Uochester was bai)(; enough to \ ield. — Ma( \i;i,.vv's K.\<; , ch. «, p. 89. 3^76. OFFICE purchased. Kinp, rorClniuUuH. At llie tinie when t.'aliicula was i)ut to death. Claudius, his uncle, and he lirolher of (Jerman iciiH, a man whose weak .uiil childish d piwition liad never cherished an andiitious thought, had concealed liim.self in a corner of the palace for fear of assassination. \ -oldier acciiientallv dis- covering his retn.'at. salutccl him emi)eror. iV'hilc Claudius wa.s tremblini;!', hegginL; his life to be spirrcd, some others coming up, thev put him in a litter and carriei! him to the camp of the pne- torian guards. Tuere, as yet afraid, and uncer- Illegally apiM)i High (Join mis> tain of hlfl falo, he prondwd to ra«"h of the «ol- dierx a larije grntifleailon, and received in return their (Hdh- of allegiance. Tlie people ajiproved the choice, and the Henalc was obliired to conllrni it. Thus wiks the empire litniijlif fur the fimt timn -a [iriicllce which We shall set! beeoiuelii fnluro ' vh'emely .-ominon. ClaiidinH .'tt the ai.'!- of fifty ' iM Hllll achild; hiscounlcnaii< >' was that of an idiot, and his mind, naturally weak, had never received lh(; Hinallest llnelnre td' ediiiation.- Tvri.Ku'rt Hist., Hook Ti, ch. 1, p. 4n( riwrr. . S,/lf,'. Heirothiin -Ifeh-ct. ed pnetor, pardv by his iissidullles luid partly by his money. \Vliile Ik; bore that of^ei', he hap- pened to be provokefl at Ca'sar, and lac(! at h'asl f^rty miles from the city, with w ii >M4> inhabitants he niu^t not ht; conm^cted in the ihird canonical degree of blood or allianee. The election vus annual ; a severe scrutiny w^ instituted in' Uie conduct of the departing sen- iilor ; noi . iilii lie b«; n v ailed to the .sameotHt U till aft. r tlif expiration of two years. A lih'-ral salary "t :t the Capitol. — T^ n,Ki(>> Hihi'., Hook.'i.ch. 1, p 4U1. 3NS0. . Fiireiml. Afl(!r liavinc es- tablislied an apiicuriince of order in tlie several departnuints of the State, Augustus, to conip'.eto till! larcc, atriictc. 1 a wisli to abdioii.' Ids author- ity, and return i.> the rank of a iinvate citizen ; bill this was a piece of gross atfeetalion. He Con suited Meca-nas, however, and Marcus Agrippii, \\ li(;ther he ought to follow his iiicilination. . . . This seeming moderation, howev(!r. increased tlie jiopularity of Aiurusius, .and even naved the way for an extension ol his power — Tytlku s Hist , Hook 5, ch. 1, p. 477. 3WWI. . policy. In the seventh yenr 'f his consulnte A iguslus again pretended a de- sire to abdicate, and he actually informed the S«'natetliatlie had resigned all autlnTity ; Ian he was now secure of the consequences of this avow- al From those mercenary voices which had, no doubt, been bt-hind the scenes, well inii'iej • > ^, ^r^:^.. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) 1.0 I.I il.25 |5o ■^~ B^B U£ 1^ 12.2 m IS. 12.0 ■UUu U 111.6 % v Hiotographic Sciences Corporaiion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145&0 (716) 872-4S03 "^^ >.^ -0'^ °:;<^^:^^ 'ie, ch. 60, p. 56. 3§97. OFFICE, Unsought. Ahuheker. After a reign of two years the aged caliph was sum- moned by the angel of death. In his testament, with the tacit approbation of his companions, ho bequeathed the sceptre to the firm and intrepid virtue of Omar. " I have no occasion," .said the modest candidate, " for the place." " But the place b;iSocca.si(m for you," replied Abnbeker, who expired with a fervent prayer that the God of Mahcmet would ratify his choice, and direct ■BCBnSI 401/ OFKICER— OMKNS. I tlie Musmilmiins in the way of coiKord nnd obedi- ence. — GruHoN's ItoMK, ell. 50, \). I'A. 3§9N. OFFICER devested, An. r^>ril Olurn,. don. Wlicii tile Diilcli tied wiis id tilt; 'rii!iiiic<, it wiw ii^^iiliiMl liu! clmiuuillor timl tius ruf^i- of llu! populiico wiwciiietly dirt'ctcd. His windows •wero hroiten, llic trees of iiis pirden ent down, mid a gihbet sel up JK^fore IiIh door. Hut nowhere wiw lie more delcHted thiin in Ihe IIoiiH(M)f (joni- nionH. — Macaui.ay's En(i., cii. 2, p. \h:\. 3§01>. OFFICEE dishonored, Ln-d Chivendon. [His predeee.sHor, TyreonncI, had nioro inilii- encension and violation of statutes. With much condemnation, however, a vote of five subsidies was granted to the king ; but the tiir.e when the collection was lo be made or the bill introduced was not mentioned. The House imniovalily resolved that both were to depend on the good faith of the king. It was the great- est grant ever made in Parliament. The secre- tary, on behalf of the king, proceeded to thank the House, but coupled thanks of Buckingham [himself] with thanks of the king. Sir John Eliot lea])ed up, and taxed Mr. Secretary with intermingling a subject's speech with the king's mes.sage : "In that House they knew of no other distinction but that of king and subjects." Whereupon many of the House made exclama- tion, " Well sjToken, /Sir John Eliot.'" — lloou's Cromwell, ch. 3, p. 72. 3905. OMENS, Ancient. Romans. Livy savs : " At Falerium the sky was seen to open, and in the void space a great light appeared. The lots at Prienesfe shrunk of their own accord, and one of them dropped down, whereon was writ- ten, 'Mars brandisheth his sxrord.' " These lots were bits of oak, handsomelv wrought, with .some ancient characters inscribed upon thom. When any came to consult them, the coffer in which they were kept was opened, and a chiW, having first shaken them together, drew out one from the rest, wliich contained the answer to OMENS— OPINION. 461 tlio querist's demand. As to the lots being shrunk, which Livy mentions, and wliicli whh considered aa a bud omen, no doubt the prie.sts Jiad two sets, ii smaller and a greater, which liiey played upon the people's HuperHtition as they pleased. Cicero says they were very little re- garded in his time. — Pll'takcii's Livkh, Lano- uoknk'h Notk. »90«. OKENS, Annoyed by. CluirUs T. [When 'Chaiies I. was on trial, he wtus leaning upon his slair, which hiui a golden head. It broke oir on a sudden, and he confess'd to the Hishop of liondon that it made a great ini|)ression upon him. He was beheaded.] — K.Moin's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 7. p. 107, 3f>0T. OMENS, Presage of. Roukihs. Now West with fear and confusion, de.serteumana. Tlie United States, in consequenco of favoring circumstances growing out of Eu- ropean complications and the bold and complete Btatesmansliip of Jelferson, obtained a territory larger in area than that which was wrested from the British crown by tho Revolutionary war [for $ir),(t()0,()(»O]. It seems scarcely credible thiit the accjuisition of Louisiana by Jefferson ■was denounced with a bitterness surpassing the partisan nuicor with which later generations liave been fan.iliar. No abuse was too malignant, jio epithet too coarse, no imprecation too sjivage to l)e employed by tho assailants of tho great philosophic statesman who laid so broad and tleep the foundations of tiio country's growth und grandeur. — Blaink's Twknty Ykaks of C'ONUKESS, p. 8. 3030. OPPORTUNITY, Waitlngr for. " 3/a/^ mbeom^.." It was reported that when Pompe- diuH Silo, an o(lic(!rof the greatest eminence and iiulhority among the allies, said to Marius, "If you are a great general, Marius, come down and tight us," he answered, " If vou are a great general. Silo, make me come down and fight." Pl.UTARCIl'8 MaRU-8. 3931. OPPOSITION, Beneflto of. ChrUtianity. The Christian doctrines were not more vigorous- ly combated by tho secular arm than by the pens of the heathen philosophers. Porphyry, a tJyrian by birth, and a man of great abditics, "Wrote a long and most laborious work again.st Christianity ; and Philostratus, one of the most eminent rhetoricians of that age, contrived a new method of attack, which was by drawing artful comparisons between tho life and doctrines of Christ and those of the ancient philosophers. These attacks, however, were, on the whole, rather .serviceable than dangerous to the cause ■of Christianity, since tiiey excited the zeal and aibilities of many of the ablest Fathers of the C;hurch to defend its doctrines, and oppose, by their writings, the malevolent efforts of its ene- mies. Tho works of Origen, of Diony.sius, Uishop of Alexandria, and of Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, are rcail at this day with much pleasure and profit ; and at the time they were ■written contributed, in a most eminent degree, to the advancement of religion. — TYTLEu'a liiBT., Book 5, ch. 4, p. 6. 3932. OPPOSITION of Folly. Street LigJitt. Jleming's scheme was enthusiastically applauded and furiously attacked. The friends of improve- ment extolled him us the greatest of all the ben- efactors of his city. What, they a.sked, were the boasted inventions of Archimedes when com- pared with tho achievement of the man who had turned thtr nocturnal sha4iefl into ncKm-day ? la spite of ihese eloquent eulogies, the cause of dark- ness was not left undefemled. There were foolg in that age who opposed the introduction of what was called tho new light ns strenuously as foola in our age have opposed liic introduction of vac- cination and railroads, as strenuously as fools of an ago anterior to the dawn of history doubt- less opposed tho inlnnluction of the plough andof alphabetical ■writing. — Macaulay'b Eno., ch. 8, p. 837. 3933. OPPOSITION, Help by. remeeutum. In 1070, when the act against conventicles was being re-enacted, for the overthrow of Noncon- formists, Waller, the wit of the House of Com- mons, said of the Dissenters : " Tliesc people are like tho children's tops : whip them, and they stand up; let them alone and they fall." — Knuuit'sEno., vol. 4, ch. Ji), p. 810. 393-1. OPPOSITION, Impolitic. Taxation. We may observe that in this last jlTort to j)re8erv{j their expiring freedom tins Romans, from tho npi)rehension of a tribute, had raised Maxentiua to the throne. He exacted that tribute from tho Senate imder the name of a f rec* gift. They im- plored tho assistimco of ConsUmtine. He van- quished tho tyrant, and converted tho free gift into a perpetual tax. — Giuuon's Ro.mk, ch. 14, p. 484. 3935. OPPOSITION, Political. Pi-emlent Ty- ler. Tho next niciusure — a favorite scheme of tho Whigs — was the rechartering of the Bank of tho United Stjites. The old charter had expired ia 1836, but the bank had continued in operatioa under tho authority of tho State oi Pennsylvania.. Now a bill to recharter ■was brought forward and passed. The President interposed his veto_ Agam the bill was presented in a modified form, and received the assent of both Houses, only to be rejected by tho executive. By this action a final rupture was produced between the Presi- dent and the party which had elected him. Tho indignant Whigs, baffled by a want of a two- thirds majority in Congress, turned upon him wi'h storms of invective. AH the members of the cabinet except Mr. Web.ster resigned, and ho retained his place only because of a pending dif- ficulty with Great Britain. — Riupatu's U. S., ch. 10, p. 441. 3936. OPPOSITION ^i«pared. rolitics. [Ca?sar sought advancement to the consulship.] Tho Senate had made up their minds to tight the bat- tle. If Caesar went to the assembly, Bibulu.v their second consul, might stop the proceedings. If this .seemed too extreme a step, custom provid- ed other impediments to which recourse might be had. Bibulus might survey the heavens^ ■watch the birds, or the clouds, or the directioa of the wind, and declare the aspects unfavorable j or he might proclaim day after day to be holy^ and on holy days no legislation was permitted.. Should these religious cobwebs bo brushed away, the Senate had provided a further resource la three of the tribunes whom they had bribed. Thai they held themselves secure, and dared Csesar to do his worst. Ca;sar on his side was equall/ determined. — Fboude's C-esar, ch. 13. 3937. OPPOSITION, Proof by. Samvel Jolin- son. Ilia "Taxation No Tyranny" being mea- OPPOSITION— OllACLE. 4r,r) tioiKdl, h(! siilil. " I think I huvc nf>t. liccn itttacU- p(I cnouffli for it. AllHck Im I lie reaction ; I ntv- «-r tliiiik I Imvc lilt hard iiiiIcmn it rchoiinds ." HoswKij, ; " I don't know, sir, wlialyoii would be iit. I'Mvc or six hIioIm of .small iirnis in every newspaper, and repealed cannonading; in pam- phlets, nui,'hl, 1 think, satisfy you."— HoswKi.i.'rt Johnson, j). '2\\. .lOnw. OPPOSITION uieleu. ^W//.^. Tiie troops of (.'olias and Snerid expected the approach of th(! jrreat Fritiii'ern [the leader of the revolted Goths), ranged themsel"e,s >inder ids Htandard, and si;rn,i|jy,(.([ tlieir ardar in tiie me^e of lladri- an()pl(!. Hut the resistance of tlie ^arri.son in- formed the barl):irians thai in tln^ attack of rei;. idur fortilications tin; eltorLs of unskilful eour- nge are .seldom elTectual. Tiieir f^i'ueral ac- knowled>?ointnient on tlu; adjacent coun- try. — OiUHON'rt U().MK, ch. 2(!, p. ;. 171)3. Such was the Ireland of Ihelrisit — acon- (piered people, whom the victors delighted to trample upon, and did not fear to provoke. Their industry within the kingdom was prohibited by law, and then they wen^ calumnii.led ii naturally idle. Tlieir savings coiilil not be invested on eciual terms in traile, manufactures, or real prop- erty, (Hid they were called improvident. Tlin gates of learning were shut on them, and they wen; derided as ignorant. In the midst of pri- vations they were cheerful. SiilTering for gen- erations under acts which offered lirilM's to treachery, their integrity was not debauched: no son ros«! against his father, no friend betrayed his friend. Fidelity to their religion, to which alllictions madt! them cling mori' closely, cha.s- tity, and respect I'or the ties of family, remained characteristics of the down-tHHldeii race. . . . Kelief was to come through llie coiitlicts of the; North .\mericMn colonies with (ireat Hritaiil. — HAN(itoi.'T's U. S., vol. 5, ch. 4. 3945. ORACLE corrupted. Atliniiiin. The ^lacedonian loudly complained of tlus Athe- nians as having tir.st commenced hostilities ; and tlie artful dis.semblcr | Philip], still further to l)reserve a show of moderation, re(|tiestcd a re- newal of Uw peace. A negoliatioii fortliat pur- pose was prolonged by him for two years. I)e- moslhem.'; still raised his voice for war. It was upon this occasion that, the Athenians having con.sulted the Delphian oracle, wliii'li advi.sed them to make pea<'e, Demosthenes, in an ani- mated harangue, oiM'idy insinuated that the ora- cle was corrupted, by declaring that the Pytliid PliiUirpkM. The elo(iuence of the orator pre- vailed over the counsel of the hireling prve.ste.ss, and the Athenians took the field in great force, joined by the Thebans and their other allies. — Tyti.eh's Hist., Book 2, ch. 3, p. 174. 3940. ORACLE, Deceptive. Grecian.. A hol- low oak in the forest of Dodona, in which it wns pos,sible for a man to conceal himself while the aperture was artfully closed tip, was likewise f;.- mous for its oracles, and the imposture was n,) 400 OltAC'LK— OUATOUV. I< J ■•.. (loiilit rfiuiilly Ix'in'ftciul to Its priests and ullcnd iiiitM, 'I h('>'«' wiTf cDiiiiiionly MK'ii of some nil, wlio hail inu'i'iuiily ciidiil;!! Id iVaiiu' ciiiiivin'iil aMMWrr.s lo 111!' (|iicHllniiH ilial were put lo lliciii ; anti if llic iiii|iiii'rr iravc siirli runslnii'iion lo llic rcspoiiMi' as was mo^i aLrri'i'iililr lo liiiiisi'lf, il was p'lii'rally pos.sililc fur lln( pricsls lo coii.slriic il aiTordini; lo llic fvcnl Siranirc ! Ilial iiini slioiilil cviT lii'licvc Ilial if llic Dcily sliuuld sloop lo liold intercourse widi Ids erealures, lie would use the mean tricks and suMerfuj^cs of aju^'}j;lcr. Y<'t llics(' oracles of the Orccks were for many Hires in lii^li rcpnii.lion, and had cxIcnHive jio- lilical eonseiiucnce. — Tyti,i;u's IIiht., IJook 1, ch. 7, p. or.. 51917. . Dilphir. \ cavern al Ihc fool of Mount I'arnassiis, near I)clphi, was re- inarkahle for cxhalini; a incphiticr vapor, which, like that of Ihc Oroltodcl ('aid in Italy, had llii' clfcct of stupefyiiiif and sli^fhtly convulsinic an; licrson who came within its almosphere. Some ini^enious men had the address lo turn lhi>' nat- ural phenomenon lo their own advanla,i;e and the ])rolil of the n(^i!,dil)orhooo'. A temple was built on the spot lo Apollo, the >rod of divination. A jiricsiess was i)rocurcd whom hahit soon enabli il to \nidcr;r'> the experiment without daiiLTer ; the ravinir expressions which the priests probably iii- .strucled her lo utter, and which they inler|)retcd us they Ihoufiht fit, were received by the jMopU^ as oracles, and her visible convulsions j^ave ain- jile testiiiKMiy to their beinjy the elfcct of inspira- tion. — Tyti.iok's Mist., Hook 1, ch. 7, j). O"). 39l«. OBACLE, Equivocal. I),lp>it>. Such was the state of Persia when Philip prepared for Ids jtreat enterprise by sendiiiij; his lieutenants Altalus and Purmenio into Asia. As usual be- fore all ex|)editioii8 of imijorlance, he consulted the Delphic oracle, and received the following response, equally applicuhle to the prosperous or unsuccessful event of the war : 77//; bull is ready crowned ; his end np]>rc>nr/it'ii, and he mill soon be ancrifici'd. " The prophecy," stud Philip, "is quite clear: the bull is the monurcli of Persia." The prediction speedily found its iic- foniplishnient, but Philip luniself was the vic- tim.— Tyti,ku's Hist., Book 2, ch. 3, p. 177. 3940. OSATOB, The great. Demosthenea. De- mosthenes, the prince of the Grecian orators, . . . had no advantages of birth or education. His fa- ther, a sword-cutler, or, lus Juvenal has termed him, a hlacksnuth, I 'ft him an orphan at the age of seven, to the care of profligate guardians, wlio robbed him of his small patrimony. But he pos- sessed that native geinus which surmounts every disadvantage of birth or .situation. Ambition ])rompted him to the study of oratory ; for, going one day to the court to hear the pleadings in some cause of moment, he was so impressed with the eloquence of Callistratus, and so tired by the poptdar applause l)estowed on that orator upon his gaining tin.' suit in whicdi lie had plead- ed, that he determined from that moment that this should be his road to eminence and distinc- tion. Xo man, in this arduous course, ever .struggled with greater natural obstacles, or more happily overcame them. His voice was harsh and uncouth, his articulation indistinct, and his gestures awkward and constrained ; but, sensible CIS, he broke forth al once the most distinguished orator of his age — 'I'x ri.Kii's Hist., (loi»k 'J, ch. :i, I). 171. :i9AO. ORATOR, Untucoeuful. Wtishini/I<>n Tn'. iiKj. The new niinistcr was called on to attend the dinner w liich the cili/.cns of New York gave Dickens, at which il was decided that he must preside, and where he did preside, with much trepidation, making one of the shortest dinner speeches on record. "There," he said, as he concluded his broken .sentences by proposim;; the health of Dickens, as Ww. gui'st of the nation — " there ! I told you 1 should break down, and I've done it. ' — Stoduaiid's Juvino, p. 40. 39AI. ORATORS, DangeroQi. Soawr Ji-mnn*, [writing in favor (d' the Stamp-lax, saidj : One method indeed has been hinted at, and but one, that might render Ihc exercise of this power jiist .and legal, which is the introduction ol represen- tatives from the several colonies into that body. But 1 have lately se<'ii so many specimens of the great powers of speech of which these Amer- ican geiitlemen are possessed, that 1 should bo afraid the sudden importation of so much elo- (pience at onc(! would endanger llu^ safety of Kngland. It will be much cheaitcr for us to pay their armv than their orators. — B.vnciiokt's U.'S., vol. ,'),"cli. 11, 395a. ORATORY, Audience for. William Pitt. It was tlu! great William Pitt, the great com- moner, who had vaiupiished French marshal.* in Germany and French admirals on the Atlan- tic ; who had conqucn^d for his ('ountry ono great emi)ire on the frozen shores of Ontario, and anotluT under the troi)ieal sun near tlin mouths of the Ganges. It was not in the nature of things that popularity such as he at this time enjoyed should he permanent. That popularity had lost its glo.ss before his children were old enough to understand that their father was a great man. He was at length nlaced in situa- tions in which neither his talents for administra- tion nor his talents for debate appeared to the best advantage. The energy and decision which had ennnently fitted him for the ilireciion of war were not needijd in time of peace. The lofty and spirit-stirring eloquence which had made him supreme in the Hou.se of Commons often fell dea(l on the House of Lords.— Macau- lay's Pitt, p. 1. 3933. ORATORY despised. Samvel Johuaon. He would not allow nuieh merit to Whitefield's oratory. " His popularity, sir," said he, " is chiefly owing to the peculiarity of his manner. He would be followed by crowds were he to wear a night-cap in the pulpit, or were he to preach from a tree." — Boswell's Johnson, p, 162. 3954. ORATORY disregarded. Pulpit. [In tho middle of the eighteenth century the eloquenco of the English clergy] was of the tamest charac- ter. A foreigner describes their sermons : "Tho pulpit declamation is a most tedious monotony. The ministers have chosen it through respect for religion, which, as they alflrm, proves, de- fends, and supports itself without having any occasion for the assistance of oratory. With regard to the truth of their assertion, I appeal to themselves and to the progress which religioa OUATOUV-OSTENTATION. 4(J7 iliiis liifi-'oiitoil mako<) in Eiiffliind."— KNtuiiT'a K.Nd., v«,.. 7, ell. (J, i>. no. nOAA. ORATORY, TMte in. SdiiiwI ^»fin»on. Talkini; of onilory, Mr. Wilkes dcscrilM'd it h.s accimipimifil wilii all lliti (Iiiiiiiih of pocticiil ex- picssioii. .loiiNMo.N : "No, sir; oriitory is tlio power of lieiiliiij;; down your iiilversary's ur^u- nients. and piiltinL; better in their place. " VVii.KKs : " Hut lliis does not move lln^ pas- HJons." .loiiNHoN : " lit: iniist lie a weak man wlio is to be (SO moved." Wii.KKs (nan.in^ni eel- cbruted orator) : "Amid all the brilliancy of 'h imaKiii>ili<»>< ""d tlie exiibcranci^ of his ■wit, there is u stranf^e want of Iduli . h was ob- Hcrvc'd of Anelles' Venus, that lier llesh seemed as if slie had been nourished by roses ; bis ora- tory wouhl sometimes make one suspect that ho eats j)otatoe.s and drinks whiskey." — Uoswkm.'h Johnson, p. 4,nii/.(! the authority of Fletcher, who, nevertheless, ordered the .sol- diers under arms, and proceeded to read his com- mission as colonel. " Heat the drums !" sli(»uted ('aptain W'adsworlh. wlio stood at the lieaii of the comjiany. "Silence!" said Fletcher; the drums ceased, and tin; readiiif^ b(%'an aifain. " Drum ! drum ! ' cried Wadsworth ; and a second time tlie voice of tlie reiidcT was drowned in the uproar. " Silence I Silence !" shouted the enraged governor. Tlie dauntless Wadswortii stepped before the ranks and said, " Colonel Fletcher, if I am interrupted a^'ain I will let tlie sunsiiine through your body in an instant." That ended the controversy. Benjamin Fletcher thought it better to \k) a living governor of New York than a dead colonel of the Connecticut militia.— UiDPATii's U. S., cli. 21, p. 191. 3957. ORDERS neglected. Marithal Key. Ney was ordered to advance immediately with 40,000 men and take po.s,session of [Ciuatre-Brns, there- l)y preventing Bluclier from re-enforcing Wel- lington with liJO.OOO men]. . , . Had Ney brought iij) liis force to cut off the retreat of tlie Prus- sians, as Napoleon had ordered and expected, not one of the enemy would have escaped, and " Waterloo" would not have been. [Ney ar- rived near the place, and there rested his weary army bj' a short sle(;p, unsuspecting the activitj' of Bluclier, who soon j)os.sessed it. Ney was so sure of it, he reported that] he was actually in possession. — Aubott's Napoleon B., vol. 2, th. 27. 395S. ORDERS simple. LordMUnn. [When Lord Nelson infornu'cl the commanders in his fleet of his plan for the battle of Trafalgar, he stated few .signals would be given. One direc- tioa was worth many cmburra.ssing orders :] No man could do wrong who placed his ship close alongside of that of the enemy. — Knight's Eng., vol. 7, ch. 2r), p. 44ti. 3959. ORIGIN, Humble. JhnBunyan. "1 was of a low and inconsiderable generation, my father's house being of that rank that is meanest and most de<«p|.spd of all families In the land." " I never went to sehofil, to Aristotle or I'lato, but was brought up in my father's iiouse if a very mean coiu ition, among a compmy of poor countrymen." " Nevertheless, I b'l'ss (}od that by I Ids door Hebroui^hl me into tlie world to par- j take of the grace and life that is by Christ in Hix j (}os|)el." This is the account given of hiinself ; and his origin bv a man whose writings have for two cci.luries afTecled the s|iiritual opinions of the ICiiglish race in everv part of the world moro I powerfully than any book or books, except tho Bible. — Fiioi UK's fliNVAN, ch. 1, p. 1. I 3900. ORGANIZATION, Perfect. S<>n,-t;i of JiHiiH. 'V\w, establishment by Loyola was con- temporary with the Iteformation, the progress of which it was designed to arrest. . . . Its nuim- bers were, by its rules, never to become prelates ; . . . their vows were ])overly, chastity, ab.s'>lulo obedience, and a constant rea\-(»STUA(iSM. rn'i i' ti ii rt()rk>' iiml licnln ; tho pnrmlisc <>r prirk « iix rcplcri- | l«*h<'(l with phi'iiMiiiil-t, pciM'oc ks, (iHiriclifs, rue- | linckM, uiiil w ilfl Ixiiirs. mikI tin' riDlilc u'litiir ol' lions , IUhI tilftTH WllM Hnllli'lillli'H tlirilcil liiuMC for tllr j holder plntsiiri's of tii<> cliasi'. Niiir linmlrcd ami sixty «>li-plianlH wcri' iiiiiliitikinril for llic iihc or spli-iiilorof tlic iriTiil kiiii;; his |t-nt<4 and liM^j;it;.'n I Wfr»' curried into the lirld by I'J.IMM) ^rcif caniclH j Mid H()(N) of a Htnallir ai/.c ; and Mn- ro\ al NtnltlcH I were ttlli'd wiHi ♦MMM) tniilcM and liorHcs, nnioni; wlioin llic iianirs of Slichdi/. and Harid are re- j iiowned for llieir H|M'ei| or lieaiily. Six tl.oiiHand /,'llards .siicressively nioiuited liefore the |Mdar(' | ^itlex ; llie Merviee of the interior aparlnicniH was j (M'rfortned hy I'J.IHM) sluves, and in the nninl)er , of ;tlMM) virufins, the fairest of Asia, sotne liappy i ronellhilie rid^llt console her master for the 111(1! I or th(! indilVerence of Sim. The various (reas- | nrcs of >;'al. Tlw! vice of flattery, and perliiipMof tlelion, is not ashamed to compute tiiu :i(),(M)<) rich iian^'iii^rs that adorned tin; walls ; thu 4(),/,i7»f,n>. " .V;/ Son, he (4KH." Amon;;lhe Macedonians | w ho went with AI(;xaiider to JV-rsia) Philota:., the son of Parmenio, had jjreatcr authority; i r he was valiant and indefali;;abi(! in the field, but he. . . utTectcd an ostentation of w(!alth and a magiutl- cenc(! in his dress and t,al)Ie that was above the condition of a subject. Beside, the loftiness of his port was altou:ether extravatrant ; not tem- pered with any natural graces, but formal and uncouth, it exposed him both to hatred and .sus- l)icion, insomuch that Parmenio otie day said to him, "My son, be less." — l'i,i:i vitt it's Ai.kx- andkk. 3»6d. OSTENTATION, Kuinous. Anthrmixs. The .solemn iiiaULfuration of Antliemius [as em- peror of Home] was followed bv the mii^tials of lu.s (Iftui^hter and the [)atriciaii Flicinu'r ; a fortu- nate event, which was considered as the tirniest .security of the union and luii)piiicss of the stale. The wealth of two empires w.is csKjiitatiously displayed ; and many senators compli'ted their ruin by an expensive effort to disguise their poverty. All .serious busine.s.s was suspended durini^ this festival ; the courts of ju.stice were shut ; the .streets of Kome, the theatres, the jilace.s of public and private resort, resounded ■with hynufueal son^s and dances ; and the royal bride, clothed in silken robe.s, with a crownon lier head, was conducted to the palace of Rici- mer, who nad chan^^ed his nnlitary dress for the habit of a consvd and a senator. — Gihbon's Kome, ch. M, p. 491. 3967. OSTENTATION, Vain of. Romania. " But this native splendor," sjiys Ammianus, " is de- graded and sullied by the conduct of some no- bles, who, unmindful of their own dignity, and of that of their country, a.ssume an unbounded license of vice and folly. They contend with I each ofluT In the rmpfy vanity of titleii and mir- names, ai'd hmenl and respect, From a vain ambition of perpetu- ating their tneinory, they affect to ninltiiily their likeness, in statues of bronze and niarbk- ; nor are they satisfied uidess those statues are covereil with plates (if gold ; an honorable di-linction, tlrst granted to Aeilius the consul, after he had subdued, by his arms and counsels, the power of King .Xntioehus. The ostentation of display- ing, of magidfying, perhaps, the rent roll of the estates which they po,s,sess in all the f)rovinces, from the rising to the setting sun, provokcM thu just resentment of every man, win. recollects that their poor and invincible ancestors were not distinguished from the meanest f)f the soldiers by the delieacy of their food or the Hplendr)r of their apparel, liut the modern noblc.<< measun* their rank and consecpience according to the lofli- tiesH of their chariots atid the weighty magnifi- cence of their dress. Their long rolies of silk luid purple float in the wind ; and as they are agitated, by art or accident, they (xca.sionally discover the luider garmentM, IIk; rich timicH, • nd)roidered with the figures of various aidmal.v. . . . If at any lime, but more cHpccially on u hot lo .sail, in 'heir paint- ed gall( vs, from thf! Lucrine Lake t(. their ele- gant vili.is on the .sea-coast of I'uteoli and ( ayela, they compare their own expetii I ions to the march- es of Casar andit as to fall imder cither of those descrip- tions, and to offend by too nuich jiopularity, any individual of the j)eoi)le might demand an ostracism. The ceremony was this : every citizen who chose took a xhcll or piece of tile, on which, having written the name of the per.son in his opinion the most obnoxious, he carried it to a certain ])lace in the fori n, which was enclos«'d with rails, and had ten gates, for ten trilM's. Officers were apixnnted to totint the miml)er of h/u'IIk ; for if they were fewer than six thousand, the vote did not take place. . . . Thus we find, in thecours<; of the history of this republic, that virtue, without the imputation or suspicion ot ()1'T('AST-PA(J.\NISM 4(i0 iimliltlmin vl(!wn, wiiM fr<>»|ii('nlly i\\v vlrtlni of IIiIm iMTiiicioiiM law. Il wiiN cniMi^'i Unit AiIm tiM hy liiM virtiK'M liml iix'riliMl tlie ^loiiuiis riii tlii'l of Jimt; that cpillitt, in llic lytN of tlir Atliciiiitn iN'opIc, wiiM Hiilllcirrit crini)'. VVIicii Aristiili-K liitiiHcIt' wuh |>iiM.Hiii^ liy, nii illilcriilc riiHli<' r<'i|iii'HU'il liirii Id writi' upon hJM hIhII Ihr niinicol ArMiiJiM. Wliy, wlml liiitin, rny tricnil, .siilil llir (iiIkt, has AriMtidi'M ilonc ymi '; None in till' wiirlii, ri'iilicii (lie rjown ; init I lialr to lii-ar cviryl'ody <'ali lilm tin' Jiixt. 'i'liiii'Vilidrs, Ironi wlioii. Alin'iis liaii ncclvcd Ilic inosl erni- ticnl st'ivici'M, at li'Mtrlli llir viclini ol' (iMinici.sin. ('otnpoMrd in liin cxilr liint liisiory in wiiicli lie ri'cordN llic fume of jiis iin^fralcfid coiinlrv.— TVII.KU'.-* lllHI-.. Ilouk 1, (il. I(», p. 101. :iftrO. OU fCABT for Religion. IIV///>///, r,,in. ,A.i>. 1(1)17. In Irt'land . . . llic undying' (irrsol' rnlliUHlasni at once lila/.<'(i up williln liiin, ami lie rcnounci'd rvcry liopir for tin- path of inl<'|ri'ilv . . . " wiicn iilMtut two and Iwcniy ycar.t of up'. . . . 114'turiiin;.^ to Ktiji^land, lie encountered liillcr in(M'kiei;r« and wot ninjjs, tlie invecl'ves of llic prieHlM, tiie Htrani^cneMHof all his old eoiiipanions, . . . and liiH father, in iiiip'r, turned hini penni leas out of dwors, 'riie oiitiiast, saved from <'X- tn-nu' indi^^unce liy a mother's loudness, bccaiiK' an author ; ... in the heyday of youth was eon- Hi^ned to a lon<; .ind close im|irisoinnent in the Tower. Mis olTcnce was heresy. — U.v.mkokt'm I'. H.. vol. 2, eh. 1(1. it»7t OUTRAGE, Horrible. A/hoin. |'i'he liomlhtrd kin^, a. i>. 57!!. | AII>oin fell a sacrilit e to doincsJic tnjHson and female roveii;;e. In a l)aliu;e near Verona, which had not Itecn "nfcled for tlie liarlnirians, he fettsted the comnanions of his ur.ns ; into,\ication wits ihe n'ward of valor, Ktid 11 kin^ himself was tempted, liy appetite or viiiti. , , to excc('d the ordi;iii;y measure of his int<>mpcraiu'f. After draining many capacious howls o Hhii'tian or Falernian v.ine, he called for (heskuil of C'unimund. tlu- nolilest and most ])recious ornuiiu'iit of his sidehoard. The cup of victory wasacce|)ted with horrid ajiplaus- by the < ircle of the FiOmhurd chiefs. " Fill it ajfnin witli wine,"excluimed Ihe inhuman con(|ueror — " lill il to Ihe liri II : carry this /robic) to iIk; queen, and reijuest in n.y name that .she would rejoice with licr father." In an ai^oiiy of ^rief and ra^^-, IJosamond had streiiLttli to utter, " I.el the will of my lord he olieyi d !" and, toucliinu' it with her lips, pronounceil a silent imprecation, that the insult .should he washed away in the lilood of Allioin. — (iiiJitoN's Ito.MK, ell. •1.'), p. ;{i»7. 307'2. OUTRAGE, Reaction of. J'»in of Arc. The arms of Charles (V'I1.| piiiusl more advaii- tajfe hy the d(!atli of this heroine than, jierhaps, they had done by her life ; for this jiiece of cru- elly contributed to render th*i f^ovenimeiit of the Mnj^lish extremely odious, CharleH was every day makitifj some new con((uest. thoujrh it cost liim fifteen year.s before he made Iuk entry into Pari.s. and almost as many more before the Enj;- ]i.sh were entirely driven out of France. — Tyt- j.Ku's Hist., liook (I, cli. Hi, p. 200. 3073. OUTRAGE reeented. Parent. Appius [one of the decx-mviri], sittiiijf in judj^meut in his tribunal, had cast hi.s eyes ujnjn a younj'; woman of uncommon beauty, who daily pussid throi.^h the forum, on her way to the public schools. Vir- ginia, a maiden of ttfteen years of a^e, was the diiUKliter of a plelielun, a centurion, at that llni» absent with the armv. Appius had been inforinvd of her situatio' , she wiim bctrolhed to IcIIIun, formerly one of the tribuneH, then serviii^r a^odiist the enemy, and their inarriap- was to be cele- brated as mooii as therampaiirn vsasat an end; an oliMMcle which MTved only to iiicreuxe the |iasHion of this tla^itious ma^'-i.sti'ate, w ho deter- mined, at all hazards, to S4'cui'e her as his prcv. After many fruitlcMs allen'ols to corrupt tfui tidelily of those domestics to whom Vil'^inius had left Ihe charge of his daughter (for she had lost licr mother), Appius devised a scheme v\hi< h he thought could not fail to put Virginia entire- Iv wilhin his power, licemiiloycd MarciiHClaii- iliiis, one of Ills dependents, an iid'ainoiis hint shameless man. to claim the M'Mn<; woman as his own ])roperty. Marcus pretended that hIid was the < laughter of one of his feiiiaU slaves, who had r old her when an infant to the w lie of Vir- ^iiiius, v\ ho had no (liildren. lie then'fore pn-- teiiduil to reclaim w hat was hisown, aiul altemi)!- ed by force to carry her home to his lioiiw. [ ller father reiui'iicd from the army to jtrotect her. Jle proved ber parentage.) Ajipius was not toUi tins foiled. With the most unparall'led elTront- t'ly, he stood forth as a witness as we'l as ii judge, deilaring that it was consistent w th IiIh own knowledge that the jilea of Marcus was true, lie therefore gnv(! his final sentence, that the slave should be delivered up to her lawful master, and ordered his olllcers to enforce, with- out delay, Ihe eACcution of his decree. The sol- diers were removing Ih-ciowd, and Marcus, to- gether vsiili the iictors, was advancing to seize Virginia, who clung for protection aroumi the neck of her father. " 'J'liere is," .said he, " butono way, my dear cliild, lo savi' thy honor and jire- s«'rve thy lilu'rt"." Then seizing a knifes from the stall of a buulier — " Thus," said he, striking her to the heart — " I'lus 1 send thee to thy fore- fathers, unpolluted .iiid a free woman." 'i'licn turning to the iril al of Appius, " Thou mon- ster !" cried he, " with this blood I devoU; thy head to the inf< rnal goroving Ihe morals of mankind. The only al- tribules wliich distinguishele of their govls was, therefore, an incentive to rirc in.slead of rirtite ; and those riles with which niaii,v of them were worshipiK'd, and which were conceived to be jieculiarly accejita- ble to them, were often the grossest violation.s not onlvof (itirnri/ but of hitiitunity. — Tyti,er"b Hist.. Hook 1, di. 1, p. 1 3975. PAGANISM overthrown. 7?y Alaric. The songs of Homer ami the ftune of AchiUos hud 470 PALNTEU-PANIC. !i probably never reached the oar nf the illiterate barbarian ; arifl the ('/iriKtian faith, which he ha('. devoutly embraced, tai!|j;ht him to despise; the !maf,dtii;ry deities of Uoiiie and Athens. The invasion of the Uoths, instead of vindicatint? Hic- honor, contributed, at least accidentally, to ex- tirpute the last remains of ])aga:nsm ; and th(( luysteri.'K' f ("eres, which had subsisted eit;ht<'en liundred yeurs, did not survive tiii' deslructioii of Eleusis atid the ''alandties of Greece. — Uin- jjon's Uomk, ch. :5(), p. 19.j. 307tf. PAINTER, Celebrated. lln/noUh. Sir Joshua Ueynolds was th" lirst Enu;lislini:in who added the praise of the elegant arts to the otln r /^lories of his toimtry. — ICmuut's En(;., vol. 7, ch. 4, p. 67. 3977. PAINTING illustrates. Samuel Juhn- »»i. V/hen 1 otwerved to him that ])ainting was so far inferior to poetry that the story, or even TATu's L*. S., ch. .').■), p. 8;J7. 39S0. PANIC, Financial. riiHed Stafe», Ifil^. In the autumn of 1H7!5 occurred one of the most, disastrous fiiianci'il panics known in the history of the United States. The aliuin was gi vc.i by tho failure of the great banking-lioust^ of Jay (Jooko ^ (.'onii)any, of Philadelphia. Other "failures followed in ra])id succession. Depositors every- where hurried to the banks and withdrew their money and securities. Business was suddenly ])araly/('d. and many months elajjsed before con- tidcnce was sulliciently restori'd to enable mer- chants and bankers to engage in the usual trans- actions of trade. The primary cause of the panic was the fluctuation in the volume and value of the national currency. Out of this had ari.sen a wild spirit of speculation, A'hich .sapped the foundations of business, destroyed financial confidence, and ended in disaster. — liiDPATu'a U. S., ch 68, p. .^O. 39SI. . Eixjland. In September and October [of 1847] there had been such a })re.ssure upon the merchants and trader's as hafl n;;t 'i en experienced since the great jianic of 182 "Mercantile houses in London of the high- est inence suspendiil their payments. Cor- responding disasters occurred at Manchester, Liverpool, and Glasgow. All the usual accom- modation in the money market was at r.n end. In October the alarm spread into a general panic: the crash of eminent houses in London went on ; in the country not only mercantile firms but banks were failing ; the fviuds fell rapidly ; the exchequer bills wereataingh rate of discount. — Knight's En(K, vol. 8, ch. 30, p. 552. 3982. PANIC, Needless, licign of Charles IL [The infamous Titus Oates announced a Popish plot.] The capital and the whole nation went mad with hatred and fear. The penal laws, which had begun to lose something of their edge, were sharpened anev.'. Everywhere justices were busied in .searching houses and seizing pa- pers. All the jails were filled with papists. London had the aspect of a city in a state of .siege. The train-bands were imder arms all niglit. Preparations were made for barricading the great thoroughfares. Patrols marched \\\y and down the streets. Cannon were jilanted round Whitehall. No citizen thought himself safe unless he carried under his coat a small flail loaded with lead to brain the popish ass'xssins. — Macaulay'8 Eng., ch. 2, p. 219. 3983. PANIC, Night of. Fliyht of Jamex TL Ju.st at this time arose a whisper which swelled fast into a fearful clamor, passed in an hour from Piccadilly to White Chapel, and spread into every street and alley of the capital. It was said that the Irish whom Feversham had let loose were marching on London, and massacring every man, woman, and child on the road. At one in the morning the drums of the militia beat t" arms. Everywhere terrified women were weep- ing and wringing their hands, while their fathers mi PANIC— PAUA1)18K. 471 iiiul husbands were ('(juippinf; themsolvcs for lijjht. Ik'forc f.vo tl\e capitf.l wore a face of stern preparedness which niijrht well have daunt- ed a real enemy, if stuh an enemy had been ap- ])roachinf>;. Candles were blazing; at all the win- aramours or their adulterous offspring. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 6, ch. 4, p. 101 3917. PAPER, Wealth by. //) FJi/i/pt. Fir- mus, the friend and ally, as he i)r()U(lly styled liimself, of OdenathusaiKl Zen the eyes of the Tartars the four paradises piomi.sed to their nation. They took plea.sure in traversing them and halting thereby turns.— Lamahtink'8 Tlukky, p. 325. 3990. PABADISE, Language of. Ai/nhirrnn tfie Permtn. At his conuuand the most cele- brated writers of Greece and India were trans- lated into the Persian language ; a smooth and elegant idiom, recommended by Mahomet to the use of paradise ; though it is branded with the epithets of savage and unmusical by the igno- rance and presumption of Agathias. — Gibbonu Rome, ch. 42, p. 216. 1 I m in PARADISE— PARDON. W i »90I.PABADIS£, Haaaalmani'. Fire. The >IusKiilinai)s born in the mountains and vallevM of Asia, the sons of Hhephcnls, have brought with Ihein into their very palaces the memory, the images, the passion of rural nature ; they love lier too much to beileek her. A woman, a horse, a weapon, a fountain, a tree — sueh are the five paradises of the children of (Jthmaii. — L.vm.au- tink's Tuhkkv, p. IT). 3992. PARADISE, Seninal. Mohnminedan. It is natural enougli tliat an Arabian proi)het sliould dwell with rapture on the groves, the fountains, and the rivers of i)aradise but instead of insjiiring the blessed lidiabitantSTritlui liberal tust« for harmony and s(;ience, conversation and friendship, he idly celebrates tlie pearls end dia- monds, the rolK.'s of silk, palaces of marble, dishes of gold, uv\\ wines, artiliclal dainties, numerous attendants, and the whole train of sensual and costly luxury, which Ix'conies in- sipid to the owner, even in the short period of this mortal life. Heventy-two Jlourix, or black- eyed girls, of resplendent beauty, blooming youth, virgin purity, and exquisite sensibility, will be created for the use of tlie meanest l>e- liever ; a moment of pleasure will be prolonged \n a thousand years, and his faculties will be in- creased a hundrc'd-fold, to render him worthv of his felicity. Notwithstanding a vulgar prejudice, the gates of lieavenwill be open to both sexes ; but Mahomet has not specified the male com- panions of the female-elect, lest he sliould either alarm the jealousy of their former husbands or disturb their felicity by the suspicion of an ever- lasting marriage. This image of a carnal para- dise lias provoked the indignation, perhaps the envy, of the monks ; they declaim agaiust the impure religion of Mahomet ; and his modest apologists are driven to the poor excuse of figures and allegories. But the sounder and more con- sistent party adhere, without shame, to the literal interpretation of the Koran ; useless would be the resurrection of the bod3^ unless it were re- stored to the possession and exercise of its worthiest faculties ; and the union of sensual and intellectual enjoyment is requisite to com- ]>Iete the happiness of the double animal, tlie jierfcft man. — GuiBON's lioin:, vol. o, cli. fit), p. 119. 3993. PAKADISE, A strange. Mohammedan. The sieges and battles of six campaigns had con- sumed many thousands of the Moslems. They died with the reputation and the cheerfulness of martyrs ; and the .simplicity of their faith may be expressed in the words of an Arabian youth, when he embraced, for the last time, his sister and mother : "It is not," said he, " ihe delica- cies of Syria or the fading delights of this world that have prompted me to devote my life in the cause of religion. But I seek the favor of God and Ilis apostles ; and I have heard, from one of the companions of ilie prophet, that the spirits of the martyrs will b lodged in the crops of green birds, who shall iste the fruits and drink of the rivei-s of par se. Farewell, we shall meet again among tht groves and fountains whicii God has provided for His elect." — GiBiiON's Home, ch. 51, p. 216. 3994. PAKDON declined. Remhttwnists. a.d. 1776. Patterson, . . . the British adjutant-gen- eral, was allowed to enter the American camp. . . . lie asked to have his visit accepted as the first advanc(! from the commissioners for restor- ing peace, and a.s.serted lliat they had great Dov/- ers. " From what apju^ars," rejoined Wa.shing- ton, "they have power only Xo grant pardons; having committe(l no fault, we need no pardon ; we are only defending what we (Uk'Hi to Ik; our indisputable rights." — Bamhokt's U. 8., vol. 9, C.i. 1. 3993. . By the Luwreut. [When Lord Howe arrived olF New York in July (1776) he addressed a letter to Dr. P'ranklin as "his worthy friend," al.so odlciai dispatches, which were conciliatory in their design.] Frank- lin replied in like spirit of former fnendsliip, but said as the dispatches only showed that Lord Howe was to offer pardon upon submission, he was sure it must give his lordship pain to bo sent so far ui)on so hopeless a business. — K.MdHTs KN(i., vol. 6, ch. 23, p. 272. 3996. PABDON, Hopeless of. Ayloffe. [Ay- loffe was engaged in the Scotch reliellion under the Duke of Argjil.] He was taken prisoner, and carried to Glasgow. ... A story was current among the Whigs that the king [James II.] wud, " You had better be frank with me, Mr. Ayloffe. Y'ou know that it is in my power to pardon you." Tlien, it was rumored, the captive broke his sul- len silence, and answered, "It may be in your ]K)vver, but it is not in your nature." He was executed under his old outlawry before the gate of the Temple, and died with stoical con>posure. — Mac.\ul.\y'8 Eno., ch. 5, p. 527. 3997. PASSOK made Odious. James 11. No English .sovereign has ever given stronger proofs of a cruel nature than James II. ; yet his cruelty was not more odious than his mercy ; or, per- haps, it may be more correct to say that his mer- cy and his cruelty were such that each reflects infamy on the other. Our liorror at the fate of the simple clowns, the young lads, the delicate women, to whom he was inexorably severe, is increa.sed when we find to whom and for what considerations he granted pardon. — Macaulay's Enc;., ch. 5, p. 607. 399S. PAEDON, Plea for. Kapokon I. [Gen- eral Lajolais had been condemned to death for participating in the Bourton conspiracy to as- sassinate Napoleon.] His only daughter, four- teen years old, who was remarkably beautiful, . . . without communicating her intentions to any one, set out alone and on foot for Bt. Cloud. . . . By her youth, her beauty, her tears, and her woe she [gained access to Josephine and her daughter Hortense]. . . . Napoleon had said . . . iK'titions must be in writing. . . . They contrived to introduce her to the presence of Napoleon as he was passing through one of the apartments of the palace. . . . The fragile child, in a delirium of emotion, rushed before him, precipitated herself at his feet, and exclaimed, " Pardon, sire 1 pardon for my father !" Napo- leon, suri)rised, . . . exclaimed, " I have said that I wish for no such scenes. . . . Leave me, miss !" 8o .saying, he turned to pass from her ; but the child threw her arms around his knees, and . . . with tears and agony ... in eveiy feature . . , exclaimed, " Pardon ! pardon i pardon 1 it is for my father !" " And who is your father ? . . . Who are j'ou ?" "I am Miss Lajolais, and my father is doomed to die." ..." Well, my child 1 PARDON— PAUIIICIDE. 473 yes ! For your sake I will forgive your father." . . . Till' .sui)pliiint fainted tmn fell to the tloor. [In i)ris()n she fell upon her fatlier's neck, unal)le to speak. Hhc fell into uneon.seiou.sne.ss, and when revived was a liopeless maniac.] — Ab- bott's N.vi'OLEON B. , vol. 1, ch. 27. 30fM>. PARDON, Forohase of. Emkncc. [.v.n. 14.")(i-148r).] One testator wi.slies that a Latin .sen- tence should be written " on the forepart of the iron aiu>ut my grave," with " the day and the year of the Lord of my departing from this world, and the pardon that I purcha.sed to be written therewith." — Knkhit'h Eno., vol. 2, ch. H, p. 127. 4000. PARDON without Reformation. Goo- erniiK lit. (!apt. .John Nutt was one of the most daring sea-devils of that lawless time. He was an untakable man, and he had several pirate ships, lie commenced his career ps gunner of a ves.sel in Dartmouth harbor boimd for the Newfoundland .seas. Coming to Newfoundland, he collected a crew of pleasant fellows like him- self ; they seized a French ship, also a large Plymouth ship, then a Flemish sliip, and, with these gay rovers, he played otT his depredations on the fishing craft of the Ntnvfoundland seas, and came back, too strong for capture, to the western coasts of England. Arrived there, this worthy played oiT new devilries : lie tempted men from the king's service by the iiromise of higher wages, and — what, alas ! might easily be jiromisf'd in those dreary days— mon; certain pay- ment ; he hung about Torbay, laughed at threats, .si'otTed at promises of pardon, although more than one offer liad been made conditionally. The whole western country was in a state of dread, and municipalities poured their entreaties upon the council and upon Eliot in his ofBce of vice- admiral. . . . [The pirate was pardoned and honored, the faithful admiral was dishonored by the government. It was the work of bribery.] — Hood's Cromwell, ch. !}, p. 50. 4001 . PARDON by Sympathy. Ahrnhnn Lin- coln. A poor woman from Philadelphia had been waiting, with a baby in her arms, for three days to see the President. [Her husl)and had de- serted, and was sentenced to be shot.] Late in the afternoon of the third day ... lie heard the baby cry. " He . . . rang the bell. ' Daniel,' said he, ' is there a woman with a baby in the anteroom ?' I said there was, and if he would allow me to .say it, I thought it was a case he ought to .see, for it was a matterof life and death. Said he, '8endlier at once.' . . . The President pardoned her hus- band. As she came out from his presence her eyes were lifted and her lips moving in prayer, the tears streaming down her cheeks." Said Daniel, " I went up to her, and pulling her sliawl, said, ' Madam, it was the baby that did it ! '" — Hay- MONu's Lincoln, p. 737. 4003. PARENT, A disappointed. John Howard. For seven years ho lived in the country with his wife. Nothing was wanting to his happiness but children, which, for seven j'ears, were denied him. Then a son was born, who filled uj) the measure of his joy. A few days after the birth of this child he left his wife in the morning to go to church, she being apparently as well as could be expected. On his return lie found her indisposed, and a few minutes after, as he was handing her a cup of chocolate, she fell back upon her pillow, and immediately breathed her last. . . . The boy, whom he had obtained at the price of his hajipiness, was a large and healthy child ; it lived to be the consoler of his .solitude, but finally the siiame and mi.sery of his old age. — CvcLoi'KDi.v OK Bior, , p. 40. 400.1. PARENTS, P, mr of. liomnn. The fiaternal power was instituted or confirmed by {omulus himself ; and, after the practice of three centuries, it was inscribed on the fourth table of the Decemvirs. In the forum, the Senate, or the camp the adult son of a Uoman citizen enjoyed the jiublic and private rights of a pernon ; in his father's house he was a mere //(///, 1, England could have spared neitlier. If, in lier institutions, freedom and onler, the ad- vantages arising from innovation and the advan- tages arising from i)rescription, have heen com- l)ined to an extent elsewhere uidiuown, we may attribute? this liappy peculiarity to the strenuous cu)ntlicts and alternate victories of two rival con- federacies of statesmen — a confederacy zealous for nutlioriiy and anliiiuity, and a confederacy zealou.s for lil)erty and progress. — M.\t'Afi..VY's En(i., ch. 1, p. iU. 4016. PAETISAN, An effective, lltv. Jonathan fiwift. The Rev Jonathan Swift, of all party writers that (.'ver influenced public opinion, was the most unscrupulous, the most unjust, the most iineharifable, but incomparably the most able. — KNtcMiT's Enu., vol. 5, ch. 24, p. 809. 4017. PARTISANS by Contagion, rarliaincnt. [Swift humorously wrote :] 1 wish you had been here for ten days during the highest and warm- est reign of l)arty and faction that I ever knew or read of, upon the bill against Occasional Con- formity. It was so universal that I observed the dogs ill the streets much more contumelious and quarrelsome than usual ; and tlie very night before the bill w(!nt up, a committee of Wliigand Tory cats had a very warm and loud debate upon tlie roof of our house. But why should we wonder at that when tlu; very ladies are split asunder into high-churoli and low, and, out of zeal for religion, have hardly time to say flieir prayers ?" — Knight's Eno., vol. 5, ch. 17, p. 2G8. 401 §. PARTY honorably changed, [.ord Falk- land. [Lord Falkland, who fell in the battle of Newberry, has been defended against the charge of aposta.sy from his friends in these words by Arnold :] A man who leaves the popidar cause when it is triumphant, and joins the party op- po.sed to it without really changing his princi- ples and becoming a renegade, is one of the no- blest characters in history, lie may not have the clearest judgment or the firmest wisdom ; he may have been mistaken, but as far as he is concernecl personally, we cannot but admire him. But such a man changes his party not to con([uer, but to die. . . He protests so strongly against their evil that he chooses to die by their hands ratlier than in their company ; . . . tliis man is no ren- egade, no apostate, but the purest of martyrs; for what testimony to truth can be so pure as that which is given uncheered by any sympiilhy, given not against encmit's, amid applauding friends, but against friends, amid un])itying or half-rejoiciiii: enemies '.' ,\nd such a martyr was Falkljiiid :— KNKiiiT's End., vol. 4, ch. 2,'p. 24. 4019. PASSION, Parental. John JjHr. Mr. Locke never mentioned him but with great re- spect ami alTection. His father used a conduct toward him when young that he often spoke of afterward with great approbation. It was the being severe to liini l)y keeiiing him in much awe and at a distance 'when he was a boy, but iela.\iiig, still by degrees, of that severity as he grew up to be a man, till, he bein;,' become ca- pable of it, he lived perfectly wfth him as a friend. And I remember he 'has told me that his father, after he was a man, solemnly asked his pardon for having struck him once in a l)a.ssioii when he was a bov. — Fowi.Ku's Locke, ch. 1. 4020. PASSION corrects Passion. Napoleon I. Napoleon jiii his early manhood) excluded him- self entirely from haunts of revelry and .scenes ot dissiiiationand from all those di.ssolute courses in which tlie young men of tho.se days so recklessly plunged ; he adopted this course not aiiparently from any conscienti(nis desire to do that which is right in the sight of God, but from what has , been called " the expulsive power of a new affec- tion." Ambition seemed to expel from his mind every other passion ; . . . animal passion even was repressed, and all the ordinary pursuits of worldly pleasure became in his view frivolou.s and contemptible. — AunoTT'B N.U'oleon B., vol. 1, ch. 3. 4021. PASSION, Savage. Alexander. C'litus, a general of great ability, and to whom Alexan- der owed his life in the liattle of the Granicus, stood deservedl}', on these accounts, in high fa vor and esteem with his sovereign, who particu larly prized the ingenuous simidicity of his man ners and the honest freedom with which he was accustomed to utter his opinions or proposa his counsels Amid the mirtli of a banquet while the .sycojihant courtiers, in extolling to the skies the achievements of their jirince, were drawing a deiireciating c()ini)arisoii between the merits of Philip and of liis son, this brave Mace- donian liad, with honest indignation, reproved their meanness, and warmly sujjported the fame of his ancient master. Alexander, in a transport of rage, seized a javelin from one of the guards, and hurling it at the breast of C'litus, struck him dead upon the .spot. The atrocity of the deed was instantly felt by the king, and, in the agony of remorse, he would have turned the weapon again.st his own bosom, had not the attend- ants forcibly jirevented him. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 2, ch.'4, p. 192. 4022. PASSION simulated. Becomes Real. ^■Esop, we are t<)l(l, wlien lie was one day acting Altreus, in the i)art where he considers in what manner he .should punish Thyest-is, being work- ed up by his passion to a degree of insanity, with his sceptre strvick a servant, who happened suddenly to pass hy, and laid hi'Ai dead at hia feet. — Plutaucu's C:cfuo . 47G PA8SI0N-PATIENCE. I' fit-'- '- hi fl 1 40'-13. PASSION, Violent, i^imiid Johnson. It lijis iK't'ii coiitldciilly ri'liUcd, witli many em- iM'llislimnit.s, tliiilJohiinoii one day knocked ()s- lioinc down in his siiop with a folio, and put ids fool upon In.s neck. Tiic .siinpli' truth I had from .loim.son him.sclf. "Sir, lie was imperti- nent to me, and I l)eat him. Hut it wa.s not in his shop; it was in my own cliamher." [()sl)orne •was hispul)lisher.J — Hoswkm/s Johnson, p. ;}8, •flOtl'l. PASSIONS concealed. William, I'rinrv of OntHije. lie was horn with violent i)assions and (juick sensilulities ; liut the streiiirth of his emotions was not sus|)e('ted liy tlie world. From the multitude his joy and his ;,n'ief, his alfectioii aind ids resentment, were hiIott, observing this in- trusion, turned to the student, and asked him, ■with the most innocent expression of counte- nance : "Are you the father of this child ?" Tliun ders of ajiplause and laughter greeted this in- genious rebuke, during which the intruder re- turned to his place crestfallen. — Cyclopedia of 3io(;., p. .529. 4027. PATIENCE abused. Perieleti. When a vile and abandoned fellow loaded him a whole day with reproaches and abuse, he bore it with patience and silence, and continued in public for the despatch of some urgent affairs. In the evening he walked slowly home, this impudent ■wretch followiug and insulting him all the way with the mo.st .scurrilous liuiguage. And as it was (lark when he came to his own door, lie or- dered one of his servants to take a torch and light tlie man home. — Pi.ltaiu'Ii'h Pehri.kh. 40a«. PATIENCE, Christian. .)farti/r. [1Mie edict of Diocletian against the Christians] was torn down by the hands of a Christian, wiio iiliic('H, iiivcDiiii); !i('w (liMlicM, mill liir- iiiu: cooks lit iiiilii'iird (if MiiliiricH, the linrliMriiiiiH were 111 llic ^'iilcs of Iliily. — Kiii»i'i>K's Ckmau, ell. 4. 10 lO. PATRIOTISM in Death. Thv y,>ui,'/<,- I'i/t. (When Williiiiii I'ill was on liis dciilli lied, slidilly utter Niiiiolcoii's viclorie.M at I'liii iukI Aiislerlit/, the last, words wliicli lie .spoke, ulioiit liairaii lioiir lieforc li(> lirenllied Ids last, were,) ' .Mv coiiiilry I Oh, my country !" — IvNKiiir'H i;.\«i., vol. 7,"ch. 25, p. 'j.')!. lOII. . Mm IlitnijxUii. [" () Lord, save my hi liiiic country !" were i\w last words of Hampden, who was wounded in a llnlil ai the lietfiiuiliiii; of the civil war.) — KNitniT't) Kno., vol, I, I'll, I. ■lOI'J. PATRIOTISM, Deeds of. atriotism, and his /renins for com- mand, that wrouj^hl these marvels. The [jrate- ful kiim desired to bestow upon him some .splen- did reward, which (larihaldi tirndy refnsin;^, the kill,!,' preparcil for him a ])leasinf^ surpri.sc at his rocky home. After an ahsence of nearly two years, (Jarihaldi returned to Caprera in Novem- ber, 1H(((), to spend thcMvinler in reiio.se. When lie a])proaclie(l his home, he .saw no object that he could rccoifiu'ze. His rou^li and tangled farm had been chani^^'d, a.s if by enchantment, into ck',L!;ant liroimds, with road.M, i)at lis, lawns, gar- dens, shrubbery, and avenues. His cottage was gone, and in its i)hic(! .stood a villa, rc|ilet(! with every coivenience within anarlieular love which I cherish for the people of (Colombia." — (.'yci.oi'KUI.v uk Hioo., 1). 4!)(). 40tfi. PATRIOTISM a Duty. T.iircdmnoniam. The discipline of the liaceda'monians continued after they were- arrived at vi'ars of malurity, for no man was at liberty to live as he ph'ased, the city being like one great camp, where all had their slated allowance, and knew Iheir public charge, iiicli niiiii roni'liKliiKj lluit he mm horn not far liiiiiM If, hid for hix countrji. Hence if they had no i)articiilar orders, they employed them- selves in inspecting the boys, and teaching them something u.seful, or in learning of lho.se tliat were older than themselves. — Pi,iT.\ucii. •10 16. . Lord Nilmn. [When Lord Nelson was bearing down upon the French and Spanish (leels off ('ai)e Trafalgar, with his men- of-war arranged in two lines, as previously do- signed, li(! asked ('ai)tain Hlackwood] whether a signal was not wanting. Wiien Hlackwood an- swereci that lur thought the whole fleet knew what Ihey wen; about, up went the signal which conveye(l the immortal words, " England e.xpeets every "man to do his duly." — Kmoht's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 2."), p. 447. 4047. PATRIOTISM, Educated. Uomnm. To inspire thai .severe; and rigid rirlnc which can al()n(!sui)porl a democratic form of government, and to iiiculeale that exclusive love of our coun- try before which, in tliei'- early ages, every pri- vate (jr person, d feeling was constrained to bow, was flu; first !ui(l niostsucred duty of these noblo matrons. The circumstances in which the com- monwealth was situated in its earlier ages made this absolutely necessary. It po.sse.s.sed iioiu! of those artificial modes of defence so generally em- l)loyed by the modern nations. The improve- ments of modern warfare, which substitute skill so often in the place of vahu- — the fortifications of our modern cities, which render them, in some measure, indeix-ndent of the personal exertions of those who defend them — had not been intro- duced among this virtuous people. Tliose re- finements, also, in the arts and manufactures which exchange the little enjoyments of private comfort for the higher feelings of p\d)lic happi- ness, and even tiiat progress in the sciences which, however excellent in its general conse- quences, encourages certainly a spirit of exclu- PATRIOTISM. 4T» iilon iiioHl iiiu-oiif^ciiiiil to |>uhli<; fxcrlioii— lilt tlicsn were citlicr iiiikiiown or dt'HpiHi-d in tlic Hcvcrcr lilacs (if llic Itninuii ic|)ul)lic. — Tyti-ku'h Hist., Hook 4. j;ainsl, llie kinii- \vit)i a fresli army of (10, 001) men ; and I'hilip, strnck \\'\l\\ adnuratioii of tlieir patriotism and daiint- less hravery, resolved to abandon tiie contest and conchidc! a peace, — HriDKNTK' IIiHrouv ok FllANCK, cli. 0, ^ U. 'IOI». FATBIL ISM, Enthuaiastio. Ihnxlirt Arnold. Tile coiidilion of Hiir^coyne f^rew more Jind moH! critical. On all sides the linesof (tatcH wer(! closing around him. Mis .siipi)lies failed ; his soldiers wen? i)iit on partial rations; Ids Ca- nadian and Indian allies deserted Ids Htandard. Hut the British fjcneral was couraj^co'i.s and r<'s- ()lut(! ; hcstrcnjj;then('d his defences and Haltered his men with th(! hop<' that (»eneral Clinton, who now commanded the British army in New York, woidd maki; a diversion in their favor. On the 7tli of October he hazarded another battle, in which he lost his bravest ollicers and nearly TOO l)ri vales. Th. ITT'). On the \'t\\\ day of .Vpril they adjourned, expecting a long and de.s- |>erale war with . . , (Jreat llritain, yet with no treasury but the goodwill of the people ; not a soldier in actual service; hardly ammunition enough for a parade day ; as for arlillery, hav- ing scarce more than ten cannon of iron, four of bni.ss, and two coliorns; with no executive but the committee of .safety, . . . no distinguished general to take command of th(! provincial troops. — Han(1ioI'"1''h I'. S., vol. 7, ch. 2(1. 'I05». PATRIOTISM, Finance and. l'ol,,,'t .)fi)rrin. .lanuary, 1777. |To relieve Washing- ton's deslitulion of funds in the darkest days of the war, |vei-y early on New Year's morning Uobert .Morris { having contributed much of his own fortune] went from house to house in I'hil- adelphia, rousing peojile from their beds to 'lor- row money, and early in the day he sent Wash- ington !ft.")("l,()(IO, with till! message, " Whatever 1 can do shall be done for the j^ood of the service ; if further occasional supplies of nioni'y are nee- may tie] essary, you either in a Ha.nciiokt's pulilic or V. S., vf)l. i». upon my exertions private capa'.'ily." — ch. 14. 1054. PATRIOTISM, Indifferent. (IMon tit I'niiiinnciil. [Sec No. 4241). | lie never rose to the level of the ordinary citizen or even jjartisan, who takes an exaggerated view perhaps of the importance of the politics of tin- day, but who at any rate therebv shows a sense of social soli- darity and the claims of civic communion. Ho called himself a Whig, but he had no zeal for Whig principles. He voted steadily with Lord North, and (piite a])proved of taxing and coerc- ing America into slavery ; but he had no high notions of the royal prerogative, and was luke- warm in this as in everything. With such ab- sence of passion one might have exjiected that he would be at k'ast shrewd and sagacious in his judgments on politics. But he is nothing of the kind. In his familiar letters he reserves generally a few lines for parliamentary gossip, amid chat about the weather and family busi- ness. — Mouui.son'h GinnoN, ch. 0. 4055. PATRIOTISM, Longing of. Pil;irims. The love of nativii land is a universal i)assion. The Puritans in Holland did not forget — could not forget — that they were Englishmen. Dur- ing their ten years of residence at Leyden they did not cea.se to long for a return to the country which had cast them out. Though ruled by a heartless monarch and u bigoted priesthood, England was their country still. The unfamil- iar language of the Dutch grated harshly on their ears. They pined with \iiirest, con.scious of their ability and willingness to do something which should convince even King .James of their patriotism and worth. — Uiui'atii's U. S., ch. 7, p. 89. 4050. PATRIOTISM, Memorial of. Bunker Jlill. The year 1842 was noted for the comple- tion of the Bunker Hill Monument. No enter- l)ri.se of a similar character had, in the whole liistory of the country, called forth so much pa- triotic enthusiasm. The foundation of the no- ble structure was laid on the 17th of June, 1835, 480 PATRIOTISM. ' tlw (•oriicr-Htoiic l)ciii>; put Into l\n ])lui'o by tliu VfiKTiiMc Jiiil'iiycttc. Dimlcl Wclistcr, llicii ynuii^ in years and I'anir, dclivtrrd llic oration of llic (lay, wiiiii' 200 {{('voliiliitnary veterans, to of tlieni survivors of tlie liattle fou>;lit on that liill crest Just llfty years liefore, ^ lliered Willi tlu! tlironi; to liear liiin. liut llie wori< of erection Avent on slowly. More than iJll.')0,0(K) were ex - peniled, and seventeen years elapsed liefore the crand sliaft, coinineniorative of the heroes, living; and dead, was tlnished. At last the work was done, and the nii),'hty eoluinn of (^uiney irran- ite, thirty-one feet scpian; at tlii' liase and two hundred and twenty-one feet in hei^dil, stood out suliliinely iiL(iiinsl the clouds and sky. It was deemed titling, however, to postpone tho dedication until the n 'xt uniuversary of the liat- tle, and |>reparationH were made aceordin>;ly. On the ITlh of .June. IH-Ki, an inuneiise multi- tud(M)f |)eople, including most of the {{evolution- ary soldiers who had not yet fallen, giithered from all parts of th(^ repultlic to witness the lin- piising ceremony. Mr. Webster, now full of years and honors, was chosen to deliver tlu! ad- dress of dedication, a duly which Ik; performed in a manner so touching and ehxpient as to add new lustre to his fame as an orator. The cele- bration was concludeil with a imhlic dinner given in Faneuil Hal!, tlu; tradh; of American lib- erty. — lliDi'ATilH U. S., eh. TtO, p. 443. /lOSr. PATRIOTISM, National. Putrirk Hnu ri/. .\.n. 1774. [At the Colmdal Congress in Phil- adelphia.] " Jiiitish oppression bus elTaced th(! boundaries of the ac vend colonies; the distinc- tions between Virginians, Pennsylvaniuns, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American." — Ban- chokt's U. 8., vol. 7, ch. It. 40.'i§. PATRIOTISM without Pay. George WikTi- infiton. [When George Washington accepted his commission from the Continental Congress, as commander-in-chief of the American army,] he said no peo\miary consideration could have tempted him to accept this arduous emjiloyment, at the expense of his domestic ea.se and happi- ness ; he had no desire to make a profit by it. He would take no pay. He would lieep an exact ac- coiin,t of his expenses, and those he doubted not would be discharged. — Knioiit'h E.no., vol. 0, ch. 23, p. 356. 4050. PATRIOTISM, FossibilitieB of. Anurican ColoniiH. " How is it ])ossiblc," asked the pur- tisunsof autliority, " that a i)eople without arms, ammunilion, money, or navy should dare to brave the foremost among all the ])owers on earth ? . . . Americans are neither disciplined nor capable of discipline." — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 10. 4060. PATRIOTISM, Preservation of. Span- ish Armada. [Wlien the magnificent Spani.sh armada was preparing for a descent upon the shores of England, the patriotism of the people was signallj' displayed.] A long course of pro.s- perous indu.stry might be suppo.sed lo have un- fltted those who had been winning the spoils of peace for the defence of their country at a time of great national danger. . . . But the ancient spirit was not dead. In the midst of many dif- ferences of opinion among Protestants connect- ed with the discipline of the Church, and with Romanists living under severe laws, there was to be, in another year, such an outburst of |)alriot- Ism as woulil manifest that the love of country was above all divisions of creed. That glorloua inaidfestation of national spirit in l.'iHN was also to show that a iicopli' does not necessarily bc- (•om(( weakeiKMl In character by a long course of jirospcriiy. but that the ac(umulations of peace are the real resources of war. It is not the dif- fusion of comforts and luxuries that renders a nation unwarlike and anathetic. It is the tread- ing (Mil of true nationality by lawless rulers— tlm Rhuititig lip of all the foiiniains of independent thought by slavish superstition — that destroy the i)atriotism of a people, and make them incapii- lile of defending Iheir homes. — Knioiit'h En,„. can find in the town ; and thcn^you will lie innsi certain to find Lord Cornwallls and tho Hrlllsh heachpuirlers." — (Ii'htih' VVAsm.NOTo.N, vol. 1, eh. 14. •KNtT. . lifMliiin in Vuyiniii. a.d. 1(IT<1. As th.J— H.vncuokt'h U. 40 Greek emperor. A fearless citizen dropped from the walls, passed tlicintrenchments, accomplished hisconunlssion, and fell into the hands of the harharians an ho was returninj? with th(f welcome news. They conunanded him to assist their enterprise, and deceive his countrymen, with tho assurance that ■wealth and honors should lie the reward of his falsehood, and that his sincerity would he pun- ished witli inunediate death. Me afTect(Ml to }'ield, hut as soon as he was conducted with- n hearing of the Chri.stians on the rampiirt, " Friends and brethren," he cried, with a loud voice, " be lx)ld and pntient ; nuuntainthe city ; your sovereign is informed of your distress, aiul your deliverers are at hand, f know my doom, nnd commit my wif that are carefid of our safely to take heed how we comndl ourselves to armed nudlltudes, for fear of treaihiry ; but I assure you' do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people. Let tyrants fear! I have always so behaved myseu that, under (Jod, I have placed my chiefesi strength and safeguard in the loyal Ik arts and good-will of my sulije( ts ; and, therefore, I am come among you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and dis- port, but being resolved, in the nddsl and heat of the battle, to live or die among you all. to lay down for my (lod, for mv kingdom, and for my peo|)l(> my honor and myl)loo(l even in the dust. 1 know I have the body but of a weak and fee- bli- woman, but I have the heart and stonnich of a king, and of a King of Kngland too, and think it foul .scorn that I'arma, or Spain, or any prince of Kuropc should dare to invade the borders of my realm, to which, rathi'r than any dishonor shall grow by me, I myself w ill take up arms, I my.-ielf will be your general, judge, ami reward- er of every one'of your virtues in the field." — Dkcihivk'Hatti.k.s, ^ 412. 4071. PATRIOTISM itlrred. Simup AH. A.n. ITOr). Friday, the first morning of Novcndier, broke ujion a people unanimously resolved on nullifying the Stamp Act. From New Hampshire to the far South the day was introduced by the? tolling of nuitlled bells ; minute guns were tired and iXMuiants hoisted at half mast, or a eulogv was pronoiuiced on liberty, and its knell soundecf; and tlwii again the iKite changed, a.s if she were restored to life. . . . Kven the cliildren at their games, though lu.dly :'.lile to speak, caught up the general choruB, ..." Liberty, property, and no stamps." — HanciioI'T's U. S., vol. .'}, ch. 19. 107a. PATRIOTISM, Surrender of. New York Merchtnitt. a.d. 1770. [They recalled their de- cision to abstain from importing anything from Kngland, and limited the restrictions to tea.] " Send us your old liberty jiole (iron-bound and iron-barrecl, deep set near junction of Broadway and Howcry — once cut down by British soldiers,] for you have no furtheru.se for it," said the Fhil- adelphians. The students at Princeton burnt the New York merchants' letter by the hands of the hangman. — Banchokt'h U. S., vol. 0, ch. 44. 4073. PATRIOTISM, Unseeming. SertoriuK. [In conse(iuenceof the distractions of the empire, Ik! was, while in Spain, comiielled to tight against the Romans. Y'et, in fact,] he was a true lover of his country, and his passion to be restored to it was one of the first in his heart. Y'et, in his greatest misfortunes, lie never departed from his dignity. On the other hand, when he was vic- torious, he would make an offer to Metellus or Pompey, to lay down his arms, on condition he might be permitted to return in the capacity of a private man. He said lie had rather be the meanest citizen in Rome than an exile with the command of all the other countries in the world. — Plutakch'h Skktouius. 4074. PATRIOTISM, Unielfl8h.i?/.<«//ja/rA'. He adopted it as the aim of liis public life" to snatch Germany from Austrian oppression," and to gather round Prussia, in a North German Con- federation, all the 8tat«8 ' ' whose tone of thought. W^m^' AH-i PATUKvriMM-PATnONAOE. *S II llu^ion. niiiniicr-^, ami liilcrcNlM" wcic In Imr- )ii(inv will) iJMiHc (if I'ruxNlii. " Til iitlalii this ('Mil, ' lie iiiicc Niilil III ('(iMvcrNalltiii, " I wiiiilil lillivr Jill ililllHi'lN -exile, the hcmIToIiI ilnelf ! WIlMl iniltter it' thev hiin;; rile, |il'nviileil tliel'iipe li> wliii'h I Mill liiiiiir liinilH this new Oeriiiiitiy tiriiilv til ilie I'i'iissiMii lliriiiie I" -('v(i,i)i'i;i)i V OK Mum., |i. (liC). 40TA. . tltinnil lldil. Diirinu' the AliierieMll l{e\'ii|iiliun, \\ lljle ( ti'liei'iil Iteeii Was ]il'i'xiileiit III' ('iiliKi'esM, the Mritlsli eiiliiiiil.vNiuii' ei's iilTereil him ii lirilie iif l(l,(l(Ht ^niiiieiiM to ile sel't the eiiilse of IiIh eiiiinli'v. IIIm I'elily wax, " (leiitlcMieii, I Mill poor, vi'iy poor; hut your kin>{ is not rich eiioiiju'li to Iniy nie." -lOrO. PATRIOTISM, Vlolom. S<;,U'lim,;>. Samuel .lohnsoii . . . \mim oiilra^reoiiM upon IiIh HupiMisltion that, Miy countryiiien " loved Heoi land heller Ihaii IriiVli," savinv:, " All of llieni-- nay, not all, hut ilnmit ol' ihein — woiilil conic up and attest, tiiiythin^; for the honor of Scot- land. " — HoHW Ki.i.H .loiiNHoN, p. i>;i7. 'fOrr. PATRIOTISM, Violent. KmU-mvutft',m Slum p Art. A.ii. ITIiri. |<«oveinor| ( 'olden him- self retired within the fori. . . . In the evening II viimI, lorch-li^hl proccsHion, carryinjr a HciilTold iiiid two Imajrcs — one of the pivernor and the other of the devil — came from the tields — now the park— (low n Hnmdway, to within ten . . . feet of tlic fort, knocked at its pitc, broke open the (.governor's coach-hou'se, look out his chariot, car- ried the imap'supon it roiuid town, and returned to hum them, with his own carriatrcsniid sleighs, liefore his eyes on Howlinj,' (Jreen, under the gaze of the garrison on the nimiiarlH, and all New York gathered round. — H.vncuokt'h U. H., vol. T), eh. 1!». 'IOr«. PATRIOTISM of Woman. "<'iip/,iiii MoL 1)1." She wiis the [Irish] wife of a nuilrosH in Proctor's Mrtillery. At one of the guns . . si.v men hud been killed or ■wounded. It was deemed an unluc'vy gun, and nuirinurs arose that it should he . . . ahandoned. At this juncture, while f'aptain Mollv was serving some water for the refreshment of the men, her hushand received a shot in the head and fell lifeless under the wheels of the piece. The heroine threw down the pail of water, and crying to her dead consort, " Lie there, my darling, while I revenge ye," grasped the ramrod the lifeless hand had just re- liii(|uislied, sent honu! the charge, and called to the matro.sses to jirime and fire. . . . She kept to her ))ost till night closed the aclion. — CrsTis' WA8UiN(iTo\, vol. 1, eh. T). 40r9. PATRIOTISM of ■Woman. Ljidoi Ihir- ruh. After the battle of tJerinanlown Wasliing- toii took u|) his headiiuarters at Whilcmarsii, twelve miles from Philadeliihia. AVinler was aiiproaching, and the piitriots began lo suffer for food and clothing. Howe, knowing the dislre.ss- od condition of the Americans, delerniined to ] nurjirise their camp. On the evening of the 2d i of December lu^ held a council of war, and it ! M'as decided to march against Washington the , following night. Hut Lydia Darrah, at whose house the cinmcil was lield, overheard the jilan I of the enemies of her c(Mmlry. On the follow- ing morning she oblained a liassport from Lord IIowo, left the cilv on the ijrclence of (johnj to mill, rode rapidly U. 'he American lines, and sent inforniatloii of the impending attack lo WiinIi Inglon. Hiiii'ATirH I S.cli. IK, p. !I'J7. lOMO. PATRONAGE, Age of. An!/hS,i.rnni>. j'',\i'll the iiilialiitMiils of low lis plMci'd IhcliiM'lM'X under the prolecliun of Noiiie parlli'iiliir noble- man, Mild feeling the lies of IIimI conileclloll IMol'i' strongly lliiiii any other, were micusIoiiiciI lolunk up to his piilroiiMge as Ihal of a sovereign. 'I'lie lawscNcn favored these ideas, \ client, though a freeiiiMii, WMs Nupposed mo much to belong li; his pillion, that his murderer was obliged to pay a line to Ihe latter, as a conipeiisatlon for his loss, in like manner as he paid a line to the master for I the murder of iiHlave. — Tvti.ku'h IIiht,, Hook (I, I eh. (I, |>. III). 'IO«(l. PATRONAGE, Dlvliion of. ,/,ui,eeliinilion, seinm to have fell that the piirtiality with which hoii ors and emoluments were heaped on Koniaii < 'alh olics might not unnaturally e.\cite Ihe Jealousy of the nation. . . . One of I'eiin's schemes wait that a law should he pa.sNed di\ iiling the palroii' age of the crown into three e(|ual parts, aiiLv- (•aii„\v'h Kn(i., ch. 7, p. 222. 'lOMil. PATRONAGE, Governmental. Ainrrirnn Ciiliiiiim. In IIM Ameriea had been called " the hospital of Hngland," the places in the gift of lluM'n wn being tilled "with broken MeinbeiH of Parliament," of bad, if any, principle, valets de chambre, electioneering scoundrels, and even livery servants. — Kmoht's Kno., vol. (i, ch. 20, p. :il"o. 40W3. PATRONAGE, 111 timed. I.onf Chrntrr- fcld'H. I After completing his dictionary, Samuel tlohnson wrote:] Seven years, my lord, liavi; now jia.st since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door (he had been kept waiting while inferior men were given au- diencej, during which time 1 have beeri pushing on my work through dillleultics, of which it is useless to complain, and liase brought it at last to the verge of ]ndilication, without one act of assistance, oiu! word of cncoMragenicnt, or one smile of favor. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before. Is not a pa- tron, niy loi'd, one who looks with unconcern on M mail struggling for life in Ihe water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help'/ The notice which you have been jileased lo lake of my labors, had it been early, had been kind ; but it has been delayiul till 1 am indifferenl, and cannot enjoy it ; till 1 am solita- ry, and cannot impart it ; till I am known, and do not want it. — Moswki.i.'s Johnson, p. (58. 'tOM-l. PATRONAGE, Immense. C(iit//»/« /A I low nliNtiimli'ly Jidiii't WilMili'li't'lllitird In lictliiw nil tlir tiii'iiilit'i'H iif IiIh own I'liiirrli ii Mlmr<' nl' imtroniiui' altntri'ilier oiil ol' |irii|i<>rlliiii to llicir tiiinilHTM mill iiii|i()rtiiii('<- U |ii'i>\n| liy llir ill MiriU'lloiiM wliirli. ill rxili' mill oil! uir<', Ix' ilnsv ll|> fur the umiitmicr (if Ills Mull. It Ih iiii|iiissilili- to rt'iid witiiniil iiilii;;l<'ii pJlN mill ili'riiinii iIkimi' I'lTimiims iif II liiillil nil wlilrli nil tiir iliHi'ipJiiii' of rx|M'l'ii'lirr mill iiiiM'l'>. — Uidi'.vtii'h r. S., eh. 'J.-), p. 2011. .•0**S. PEACE, Disgraceful. .)f"iit<'ziiiii>t. For inontlis there was iilniost iiicessanl lijjhlin^r in and around the city ; and it hecaine evident that the Sp.'iniards iiiiist, ultimately he overwhelmed and destroyed. To save himself from his peril, Corti!/, ado|)teil a second sliameless expedient, more wicked than the first. .Moiite/.uina | who had been captured by Cnrte/.] was coinpclled to ;^i) ii|)oii the top of the paiace in front of tlie f^reat. square where the licsieirers were /fathered, and to counsel them to make jicace with the Spaniards. For a moment there was universal silence, then a murmur of vexation and ni^'e, and then .Monte/.uma was struck down by I'-e javelins of his own subjects. In a few days Ik? died of wretchedness and despair, and "for a while the warriors, overwlielmcd with remorse, aliandoned the conllict. Hut with the renewal of the Htrife (Jorte/. wasobliired to leave the city. Finally a jjreat battle was foui^ht, and the S|)an- isli arin.s and valor triumphed. In the crises of th(> atnij.;i;le the sacred Mexican banner was struck down and captured. Dismay seized tlie liost.s of puny warriors, and they tied in all di- rections. — UiDi'.VTn's V. S., ch. 4, ]>. (il. 4089. PEACE, Evidence of. Rtif/n of Cfutrlrs ir. There were still to lie .seen, on tli" c.ipes of the sea-eoa.st, and on many inland hills, tall posts eurmountx'd bv barrels. 'Oneo these barrels had In'I'II illled ^\illi pilch. Wall liiiien had Im'cii Mi-t round llii'i.. in NenNons nf danger, and, \\ilhin a few liniirs after a Spani~h will had been d '•i nv- ered in the ( 'liminel, nr after a IIiousmihI ScnitUh iniiHH troo|N'rN had erossed the Tweed, tin sls.'iial tires were bla/.ln>f fifty miles ofT, and wlmlr mini, ties were risltitf in arms Mnt many mhis had now elapNcd since the beaeoiis had lieeii lighted, and they were reKiinled rather as eiirioii-* relies nf micieiil mmiiiei'H ihmi as parts nf a machinery necesMiiry In the siifelv of the State, .M,\(\l- i,,\v'k Kmi., ch :i. |i, V!7I, KMM). PEACE, Tear of. rn,„i>,//. "Itllnrn hope nf iieaie ? ' he |('a'sar| wrote, in reporlinif w hat had passed. "So far as I eiin^'iilher from his very full expressions to me, he does not desire il. I''iii lie tliinUslhus: If Cii'sar be made consul, even after he has pmicd from his army, the con- Ntifution will be at an end. ! thoii^dit, when In* was Hpeakinjr, of the iineertalnlies of war ; but I wiiM relieved to hear a man of courage and ex- iterlencetalk liken statesmiin of the dmiKersof an IliMineere .seltlemellt. Not only does he not .seek for peace, but he Heeins to fear it."- l''iii)ri)K'H C.Ks.Mi, eh. 20. 'I. The agents of the rniteil States were .lolin t^uiney Ailanis, .Fames ,\. Hayard, Henry ("lay, .loimthan Uiissell, and Alberr(}allatin. Several inontliH were spent in nei'^otlafions, and on the 24111 of Decimber, |H|', a treaty wasa;,'reed toand si>;n- cil. In Kn^laiui the news wasreceivd with deep satisfaction ; in the riiited States with a deli);lit boi'deriiiK on madness. liefore the lerms of settle- ment could be known, the |ienple broke forth in universal jubilee. Nobody Htnpiied to impiiro whetherthe treaty was ^'ood or b.'iil, bonnralile or dishonoralile. 'I \w Federalists found abundimt reason fur rejoiciiiLr that a war which they had liersistcnlly oiipnsed as impolitic and unjust was at an end. The Democrats sent up a ilniibli) hu/./.a, shout in;,Mlrst for .lackson'H victory and af- terward for iieaee. Nor could the country well be bi.'imed for rejoicing that a conllict that had cost tlie I'liited States lllHIJ vcHsels and more than IH.OOO sailors was ended. The war cloud rolled away like an incubus from the public mind. — HiDi'.VTHs r. S., ch. 51, p. 414. lOOii. PEACE, Messengers of. Amrriritnlnd- idiiH. That the words of friendship inij,dif be transmitted safely tlirou<.di the wilderness, the red men revered the peace-pipe, 'i'lie pervon of him that trayelled with it was sacred ; he ■ ould disarm tlie youiifi warrior as by a siiell. and se- cure him.self a fearless welcome in every cabin. — li.vNCUoKTH r. S., Mil. ;i, c'l. 22. 'I093. PEACE, Perpetual. Fimrh rmttii. ""We h.'ivc thrown the liatclut," said the Mohawks, " so hi;rh in the air, and beyond the skies, tliat no arm on earth can reach to brin.u; it down." — M.x.ncuokt'h r. S., vol. ;!, ch. 20.' J09-I. PEACE, Pledges of. \i'HI!,(ia Pmn. [On beu;inniiiu- his dulies as chief inat;istrali',] a ;;reat conference was appointed with the native chiefs. . . . Peiin, accompanii'd by a few unarmed friends, clad in the simple garb of tlii' t)uakers, cami! to the appointed siiot. . . . The chieftains, al.so unarmed, sat in a semicircle on the ;;round. . . . Standing before them and speaking by an interpreter, he said : " My frieuds, xvc have met j^»^%.«. 484 PEACE— PENALTY. ! I on the broad pathway of good faitli. Wo are all one flesh and blood. Bemg brethren, no advan- tage shall be taken on eitln^r .side. When disputes arise we will settle them in council. IJetween lis there shall bo nothing but oip()se(i that tliev should instantly decide their disputes with their swords. This challenge was refused. Then the high-spirited i)eer forgot tlic re.spect which he owed to the place where he .stood and to Ids own character, and struck Colepepperin the face with a cane. ... A criminal information was filed in the Iving's Hench. . . . Tlie judges wait ed in a hody on .Iclfreys, who insisted that they should impos(^ a fine of not less than i;!50, ()()(). — Macai :i,ay'h E\(i., ch. 7, p. 2151. 4103. PENANCE, Failure of. Krpcriment. Barlley (_'am])l)('ll, an Trish Papist, l)ecanie ])ro- foundly awakened with anxiety for a helter faith than popery had taught him. lie called on hi, priest, who could not understand his difliculties. lie .said many prayers, submitted to severe pen- ances, ohtainecl abso' ition, but found no relief to his troul)led conscience. lie made a i)ilgrimage of forty Irish nule.s to St. Patrick's purgatory, at Loughbery, in Donegal County, where it was supposed all sins could l)e expiated. He went through the required ceremonies, and received absolution from the otHciat ing priest ; but his con- .science was more disqiueted than ever. Before he left again he applied to the priest. " Did not I give you absolution ?" asked the latter. " You did, fathar." " And do you .eny the authority of the Church ?" " By no means ; l)ut my soul is in mi.sery. What .shall I do V" " Do 1" said the priest, " why, go to oed and sleep." " Sleep !" exclaimed the awakiined man ; " no, father ; i)er- haps T may awake in liell." Tlie priest threaten- ed him with a horsewhip. The penitent hastened to a retired place, threw himself on the ground, and, with tears and groans, prayed for light from God. There lie found peace in believing on Christ alone. He returned to the numerous pilgrims who were performinjj their prescribed penances upon bared and bleedmg knees, . . . and exliorted them to seek God through Christ, assuring them that they should obtain peace, as he had. — Ste- vens' Methodism, vol. 3, p. 411. 4104. PENANCE, Eoyal. Jlain/ IT. He was alarmed l)y sin irruption from AVilliam, King of Scotland. Ueturniiig to England, he found the ancient leaven of (lisafTcction, on account of Becket's murder, revived, and violently ferment- ing in the breasts of his suljjects. To conciliate their minds, he resolved on expiating his alleged guilt by the most solemn penance and humilia- tion. He walked barefooted tlirough the city of Canterbury, and, on arriving at the cathedral, pro.strated himself on the ground before the tomb of the martyr, and passed a day and night in fast- ing and prayer ; not sjitistied Avifh this mortifica- tion, he submitted his bare shoulders to be scourg- ed by the monks of the chapter. Absolved now from all his ofTences, reconciled to the church and to his .subjects, he i)repared to revenge the depre- dations of the Scots. — Tytlek's Hist., Book 6, ch. 8, p. 143. 4105. PENITENCE, Royal. Roman Emperor Theodoxius. The public penance of the Emperor Theodosius has been recorded as one of the most honorable events in the annals of the church. According to the mildest rules c " ecclesiatical dis- rocnrat()r Pontius Pilate." — Oiu- JiON's Ko.MK, eh. 10, p. 17. 4141. PERSECUTION, Severe. In Scotland. John lirown, a i)()or carrier of Lanarkshire, was, for his sini^ular i)iety, commonly called the Christian carrier ; . . . blameless in life, and so peaceable! that the tyrants could find no ofTence in him except that he absented himself from the public worship of the Episcojialians. On the Ist of May he was cutting turf, when he was seized by t.'laverhouse's dragoons, rapidly exam- ined, convicted of noneonformit_v, and sentenced to death. It is said that even among the sol- di(;rs it was not easy to (ind an executioner, for the wife of the ])()or man was present. She led one little child by the hand ; it was easy to see that she was about to give birth to another ; and even tho.se wild and hard-hearted men, who nicknamed one another Heelzebuband A])ollyon, shrank from the great wickedness of butchering her husband before her face. The jiri-soner, meanwhile, rai.sed above himself by the near prospect of eternity, prayed loud and fervent- ly as one inspired, till CMaverhouse, in a furv, shot him dead. It was reported by credible wit- nesses that the widow crietl out in her agonv, " \Vell, sir, well ; the day of reckoning will come ;"and that the murderer replied, " To man I can answer for what I have do;u; ; and as for God, I will take Him into mine own haiul !" — Macaulay's Kx(i., ch. 4, p. 464. 4142. PERSECUTION, rfhameful. Scotland. Margaret ]\Iaclachlan and Margaret Wilson, the; former an aged widow, the latter a maiden of eightecMi, sulfered death for their religion in Wigtonshire. They were offered their lives if they would con.sent to abjure the cause of the insurgent Covenanters, and to attend the Episco- pal worship. They refused, and they were sen- tenced to be drowned. They were carried to a spot which the Solway f)verrtows twice a day, and fa.steneil to .stakes fixed in the .sand, between high and low water mark. The elder sufferer was placed near to the advaiKMiig flood, in the hoi le that her last agonies might terrify the young !'i' into submission. The sight was dreadful ; i)Ul the courage of the survivor was sustained by an eiitluisiasni as lofty as any thai is recorded in martyrology. She saw the .sea draw nearer and nearer, but gave no sign of alarm. She prayed and sang verses of p>-:;lnis till the waves choi.cd iier voice. When she had lasted the bitlerncss of ileal h, she was, by a cruel mercy, iinboiiiid and restored to life. \Vlien sin caiiu! to herself, jiitying fritnds and neighbors implored her to yield. " Dear Margaret, only say <»od save the king !" The jioor girl, true to her stern theolo- gy, gasped out, " .May God save him, if it be (}od's will !" Her friends crowded round the presiding olllcer. " She has .said it ; indeed, sir, she has .said it. " ' ' Will she lake tlus abjuratiou V" he di'iiianded. " Never I" she exclauned. "I am (!lirist's; let me go !" And the waters clo.sed over her for the last time. — Macai'I.ay's Eno., ch. 4, p. 40."). 4143. PERSECUTION from Superstition. Pa- fjaiLs. If the emiiire had been afflicted by any recent calamity, by a plague, a famine!, or an unsuccessful war — if the Tiber luid, or if the Nile had not, risen beyond its banks — if the earth had shaken, or if the temperate order of the .sea- sons had been interrupted, the svijierstltious Pa- gans were convinced that the crimes and the im- piety of the Christians, who were spared by the excessive l(!nity of the government, had at length provoked the divine justice. It was not among a licentious and exasperated j)()i)ulace that the form., of legal jjroceeilings could be observed ; it was not in an amphitheatre stained with the blood of wild beasts and gladiators that the voice of compassion could be heard. The impatient clamors of the multitude denounced the Chris- tians as the enemies of gods and men, doomed them to the severest tortures, and venturing to accuse by name .some of the most distinguished of the new sectaries, required with irresistible vehemence that they should be instantly Hpi)re- hended and cast to the lions. — Gn hon's RoMK. ch. 1(5, p. 28. 4144. PERSECUTION, Terrible. Louw XIV ar/(iin.' and said : " You see, my friends and fellow-soldiers, how much greater an; lli(! cITects of perseverance than those of force, and that there are many things invincible in their collective capacity aiul in a state of union which may gradually be overcome, when they are once separated. In short, perseverance is irresislibh.'. My this means time attacks and destroys the strongest things upon earth. Time, I .say, who is the best friend and ally to those that have the discernment to use it properly, and watch the op- portunities it ])reseiits, and the worst enemy to those; who will Ix- rushing into action when it does not call them." By such symbols as Ihcso Seitorius ajiplied to the senses of the barbarimis, and instructed them to wait for proper junctures and occasions. — Pi.iT.Micn's SKuro nil's. 4150. PERSEVERANCE, Obstinate. Cnisaders. The enthusiasm of the first crusade is a natural and simple ev(!nt, whiU; hope was fresh, danger untried, and enterprise congenial to the spirit of the times. But tlu; obstinate perseverance of Europe may indeed excite our pity and admira- tion ; that no instruction should have bei'ii drawn from constant and adverse experience ; that the same contidence should have repeatedly grown from the same failures ; that six succeeding gen- erations should have rushed headlong down the precijiice that was open before them ; and that men of every condition should have staked their public and private fortunes on the desperate ad- venture of iws.se.ssing or recovering a tombstone two thousand miles from their country. — Gm- itoN's Ro.MK, ch. 59, p. 12. 4151. PERSEVERANCE in Oratory. Benjamin Disraeli. There was some curiosity respecting his ^/e/^M^ as an orator. . . . The gentlenu'n of the I Iou.se of Commons expected that Disraeli would make a fool of him.self ; and he did notdisappoinl them. His first effort was a ludicrous failure — his maiden speech being received with " loud bursts of laughter." The newspapers .siiid of him that he went up like a rocket and came down liko a stick. . . . Writhing under the shouts of laugh- ter which had drowned so much of his studied eloquence, he exclaiiued, in almost a savage voice, "I have begun several times many things, and hav(! often succeeded at last. I shall sit down now, but the time will come when i/oii will hear me." — S.MILKS' BhIEF BlOOH.MMltKS, p. 234. 4152. PERSEVERANCE rewarded. John Fitch. He did persevere. We cannot begin to relate tlio obstacles he encountered. A considi-rable volume would scarcely afford the recjuisite space. Poor, ragged, and forlorn, jeered at, i)itied as a mad- man, discouraged by the great, refu.sed by the rich, he and his few friends kept on, until, in 1790, they had a steamboat running on the Dela- ware, which was the first steamboat ever con- structed that answered the j.urpose of one. It ran, with the tide, eight miles an hour, and six miles against it. — Cvci.oPKniA ok Bigg., p. 151. 4153. PERSEVERANCE, Scotch. Samuel Johnson. He mentioned a circumstance as char- acteristic of the Scotch. " One of that nation," said he, " who had been a candidate, against whom I had voted, came up to me with a civil salutation. Now, sir, this is their way. An Eng- f ifl 402 PEUHEVEUANCE— PIIILANTIIUOPY. lisliiimii would Imvi- .storuiuhcd it , iind iKU'n Hiilky, imd lU'vcr Imvc liikcii fiiillicr notic*! of you ; but iiHcotcluniiii, Hir, lliou^^li you vote uinftct :i liiiu's against liiiu, will accost you with eiiual coniplais- ancf after each time, and tlio twciilu'tli time, sir, lu! will get your vote." — Hoswkm/h .Iounhon, p. 4;{!}. n, without any furtlier action thereon, be laid upon the table, without l)eing debated, printed, or re- ferred." — Hl.mnk's Twknty Yeahs ok C'on- (tUKss, J). 24. 4 1 «0. PETITION, Immense. CfiartixU. [On the lOth of April, 1H4H, Mr. Feargus O'C'onncr l)resented to the House of Oommons the peti- tion of the (.'hartisis, which was said to have re- ceived 5,7()0,(K)0 signatures.]— Knioht's Enci., vol. H, ch. 30, p. fwO. 4161. PETITION, Right of. Early Abolition- iK(.t. These apostles of universal liberty liesieged Congress with memorials jiraying for such legis- lation as would carry out their designs. . . . Heprescntativcs from the slave-holding States . . . .sought to deny them a hearing, and declared tliat the mere consideration of their propositions by Congress would not only justify, but would in- evitably procijiitato a dissolution of the Union. Undaunted by any form of oppo.sition, tlie Aboli- tionists stubbornly maintained their ground, and linally succeeded in creating a great popular ex- citement by simply insisting on the simple right of petition as in.separable from free government and free citizenship. [John Quincy Adams was their champion for the right of petition.] — ie's 'IWEN Blaine' 3. TV Ykaus ok Congkess, p 416a. PETITION, Tender. For Strafford's Life. Men vote unanimously with tlieir party, from fear of each other, for mea.sures which, when taken singly, they would abhor to think of. Man in a ma.ss is no longer man — he becomes an element. To move this deaf and cruel ele- ment of the House of Commons, Charles [II.] used every elTort to flatter the pride and touch the feeling of these tribunes of the people, lie wrote a most pathetic letter, bedewed with his tears, and sent it to the Parliament, to render it more irresistible, by the hand of a child, his son, the Prince of Wales, whose beauty, tender age, and innocence ought to have made refusal im- possible from sulijects petitioned by such a sup- pliant. — Lamautine's Ckomwell, p. 14. 4163. PHILANTHROPY, Example of. John Howard. [He built neat cottages, which ho let to his tenants on conditions favorable to virtue and good order.] One was, that the tenant should go to church once every Sunday ; another, that he should never go to the ale house ; another, that he should never gamble ; . , , children PIIILANTIIUOPY— PHYSIQUE. 498 pc) to school ; . . rent iihoiit |10 ii year. . . . One of IiIm nci>^liI)orM, loo, ohncrviiip; wliiit iiii ex- cellent etTect a clean and nrojuir dwelling' liuil upon the inoralH of a family, followed Ids ex ample, and liuilt a considerahU! munher of cot- tajicM ; HO that, in ahont, ten years, the whole village was reladlt, and, from heiiig ono of the meanest, dirtiest, and most iiidiealthy jilaces in the county, it Ix-came the j)rettieHt, ijleasantest, anil most salid)riouH village in that part of Kng- liind. — ('Y(i,orKi)!A OK liioo., p. H7. 1101. PHILANTHROPY, Experimental. John /fiiiriird. In one prison tliere were <'ight cells, sixteen stejjs helow the surface of llu; earth, in si/.e thirteen feet hy idne, without window or lamii, and ventilated oidy l)y a funnel. Info these damp, cold, and noisome cells not a ray of lijrht ever ixiuetraled, and " in tlH^n," siyn Howard, " poor creatures were confined, day and night, for weeks, for months together." After only a few days' confinement in one of them a man would come out vellow, emaciated, and almost out of his senses, lloward was never content nu'rely to ascertain the existence of sucli dungeons ; ho went down into them himself, re- mained in them an hour or more, conversed with their wretn ('iiii''l;inliiiii|)lc ^'iivc, mh wc 111,'iy imtiinilly mi|i|»()s(', \tvy M^niil iiiiciisiiicxs to till' I'llll|Mrnr AI('\ilH. I'lsri'jlclil piilitji'iiili MM III' wiis, III' riiiMiil il iin|)i>Msil)lr III pi'i'Vt'nt ciintiiiiiMl ililTrrrlH'i'-i mill il ;;l'i'iil ilcitl iif liloiiihlinj. Tjir Cni-'.'iilci's iiniii;'iiii'il llial tlii' piety iiiiil iiii'i'il of till' uiiiii'i'liikiii'^r ;;ti\(' tlii'iii a just clnitii to lir iiiaiiiliiiiini mill Miippiirtcii ^riiliiitniiHly liv nil wliip prnCi'ssi'il llit'iiisi'lvi's III lirClirislJmiM. 'Vlicy liriiiivi'il with insiilTiTiililr iiisiiiciicc and folly ; mill iiiatli'i's cmuc at Icii^Mli to Hint cxlrciiiily, thai it wat seriously ])ri)pos('(l liy these newCni- sailers III lie;;iii operations against llie inllileiN liy llie ili'striietion of ('oiiMlmitiniiple, the capital of the (llirislian worlil in the east. — Tyti-Ku'h Mist,, Hunk ((, eh. 1), p. ITiH. 'I in. PIETY, Manly. (luMnriiHXIT. Eiiropo tlrHl learned from liiin the iMipnrtaiice of infan- try. All (Jerniaiiy was astoniHlied at the striel discipline which, at tho first, so creditably dis- linifiiished the Swedi.sh army within their terri- tiirie.s; till disorders were punished with the ut- MioHl H(!verity, particularly iinpielv, theft, ^fani- Itlin;;, and duelling. The Swedish articles of war enfor(;e(l friigality. In the camp, the king's lent not excepted, neither silver nor gold wi. , to he seen. The general's (iye looked as vigilantly to the tnorul.s as to the iimrtial liravery of his soldiers ; (tvery regiment was ordered to form round its chaplain for morning and evening jirayers. In all thesi; points tlio lawgiver was also (in example. A sinceri^ and ardent piety ex- alted his courage. K((Uiilly free from thecoiirso inlidelity which leaves tho jtassions of the har- Itarian without control, and from the grovelling superstition of Ferdinand, wlm humbled himself to the dust before the Supreme {{eiiig while he haughtily trampled on his fellow-creature, in the height of his success he was ever a man and II Christian ; in the height of his devotion, a king and ii hero. — Thikty Ykaus' Waii, i^ 230. 4175. PIETY, Ostentatious. Sahidin the Grand Vizier. In faith and jiractice he was a rigid Mus- sulman ; he ever de])lored that the defence of religion had not allowed him to accomiilish IIk- l>ilgrimiige of Mecca ; but at the stated hours, live times each day, the sultan devoutly i)raye(l with his brethren; the involunliirv omi.ssion of fasting was scrupulously repaid ; and his peru- .sal of the Koniii, on lior.seliack between tho ap- proiichingarmies, may be (piotedasa proof, how- ever ostentatious, of piety and courage. — GiiJ- ho.n's Ko.mk, eh. .V.t, p. 23. 4170. PIETY, Practical. Pcrmnn, Itdifiiou. Such is till! system of cosmogony contained in these books of tho Zendavesta, u])on which the whole religion of tho ancient Pttrxi was founded. The ])ractical part of this religion consisteil. (irst, in acknowledging and adoring Ormusd, the principle of nil good, by n stric't observance of purity in Ihouglit, words, and actions ; sec- ondly, in showing a ])roporli()nal detestation of .Vhriinan, his productions, and his works. Tho most acceptable .service to Ormusd was ob.scrv- iiig tho procoi)ts of the Zendavesta, reading that work, aud repeating its liturgies. Tlio chief among its forms of prayer are addressed not di- rectly to Ormusd, but throujjh the medium of his greatcMt work**, the niiii, the moon, and NliirH. -TvTi.KiiH liisr.. Hook 1, cli. 11, p. Vi\. ■Iirr. PIETY, Privato. ('romirrlVH. Sir .lolin Ooodricke used to relale a remarkable aniidiile, which we should piobalily assign to the siege nf Kriaresboroiigh Ciislli', in l!lt4, and which was liild him when a boy by a \ery old woman, who had formerly attetiiled his molhcr in the capacity of midwife, " When Croinwell came to lodge in our house, in Knaiesliornugh," said she, " I was then but a young girl, 1 laving heard much talk about the man, I Innkeil at hint with wonder, Meiiig ordered to take a pan of coals and air his bed, I could not, during tho iiperalioii, forbear peeping over my shoulder sev- eral limes to observe this extraordinary person, who was seated at the far side of the room unty- ing his giirters. Having aired the bed, I went out, and shutting the door after me, slopped and peeped through tlii^ keyhole, when I saw him rise from his seat, advance! to the bed, and fall on his knees, in which attitude I left him for some time. When returning again, 1 found him still at prayer; and this was his custom every night .so long as he stayed at our house ; from wliich I concluded lu^ must bo a good man. . . . Mow manv of us writers and readers would stand the test of the keyhole ?" — Hood'h Cuomwki.i,, ch. 1, p. 24. 4ir«. PIETY for Profit. r< World iinil iniik)' iiinisi'lf llic Ncrviiiil of (iiiij ; III' will llnil iliiisi' tliri'i' thing's in Iliin." Lam mhink'm Ti kkkv, \< ITT JlM'i. PIETY, Baorifloeiof. T" Mil r„l,n,il>tiH. 'I'lii' ^ii'iirrous Mitiril III' I-mIhIIii whs nikinilli'il. It sii'ini'il IIS 11, I'lir till' (list (line, the hiiIiJ.'i'(, linikc upon lii'i' ininil in its I'nil ^:i'iinili'ni', anil hIic ili'i'liirrii lii'i' irNoliilion lo iiiiilrrltlkr llir rtl trrprisc. 'I'lirrr was still ii nioiiicnt's hesitation. 'I'll!' kin^' lookril rolilly on tin- alTiiir, ami the royal llnaiicrs were alisolntciy ili'tiiiii-il liy llu' war. Soinr time must In- ;j;ivrn to ri-plrnisli tliciii. ilow niiild slif ilraw on tin i xliaiiMtcil treasury fur a nirasiirr to which the kin^r was ailvi-rsi' ! SI. Aug*'! walihi'i! this suspense with treinlilin^ an.xiety. The ne.\t iiionieni reassiireil him. With an enthusiasm worthy of herself anil of the eaime, Isahclla exelaimeil, " 1 uniler- take the enterprise! for mvownerown of ('aslih?, uiiil will plcdf^e my jewels to raise the ni ce.ssary funds." This whm the pmudesl moment in the life of Isahi'lla ; it stumped her renown forever as the patroness of the discovery of the New World. — IiiviNUH (!oi,i'.Mnuw, Hook 'i, ch. (J. JIH:!. piety, Sincere. <'r»„iir,/f. [Kliot War- burton. I " And, " says that lively and pre,judiceil ■writer, "if all the lettcirs of thednik ("roinwell could have lieen opened, what would they have revealed ?" Well, they idl have hern discovered, all liavt! heen i)i)ened ; and we suppose never, in the history of man, has there been prcisenled such II transparent wholeness. It is diii' mirror of simple nobleiieHH ; every little note, and every family epistle, and every letter to the state olll- eers— all reveal the same man. " A single eye, and a whole body full of li^iht.". . . We have ])i(!tun's ^iveii to us of his household. ri)on the occasion of the si^iuiig of the treaty oi p(«ce with Holland, the ii-i'bassador j^ives an aceonnt of his reception at the Pr()te(;tors Court. How calm and ipiiet and dif.'nified the account of that rece])tion ! MuHic. ir.deed, was ])layin^ while they were diniiij;, but after that the Protector gave out a hymn ; and us he handed the book to the ambassador, he told him "that was the best pai)er that had i)assed between them as yet." Dignified and beautiful is the account of tlii! gentle behavior of the Protector to the wife and daughter of the ambas'ador. Then, after a walk on the banks of a iver for half an hour, the prayers in the family ; and so the evening closed — very much, indeed, such a simple even- ing as we and our friends might spend to- gether. — HO(»l)'8 C"KO.MWKI,I,, ch. 1"), J). 197. '1184. PIETY, Supremacy of. Xatural Affcc- tumx. [When Home was taken liy the Gauls the vestal virgins attempted to escape.] They took, however, with them the choicest and most .sacred things they had, and tied with them along tlu' side of the river, where fiUcius Albi- nus, a plebeian, among others that were making their escajie, was carrying his wife and children and some of his most neee.s.sary movables in a wagon. But when he .saw the vestals in a help- less and weary condition, carrying in their arms the sacred symbols of the gods, he immediately took out his family and goods, and put the vir- gins in the wagon, tlml tliry might make their escape to some of the (Irecllin lilies. This piety of ,\lbilius, iind the Venenition he expressed for the uoils at so iliinuerons a ,)uncture, ilcMcrveH to be rein nil 1 1 Pi.i r\iii MS (' vMiii.i s. II«A. PIBACY, Anoient. Ennlii,!, Like the gillleyN of the Middle .\gi's, such boats could only creep cauiioiisly iiloii/; from hnrbor to liiir- bor in rough wnillier; but in sniunlli water their swiftness lilted tliem admirably lor the piracy by whii h the men of these tribes weie al- ready making themselves dreaded, lis Hat bot- tom enabled them to beach the vessel on any tilting coast ; and a ste|i on shore at once tran.s- formed the boatmen into a war band. Prom llio tirsi thedaringof the Knglish race broke oul in the secrecy and Nuddeiuiess of the pirates' swoop, in the llerccness of their onset, in the careless glee with which they Hci/eil either sword or oar. " Foes are they," sang a Roman poet of the time, " tierce beyond other foes and cunidng mh they are tierce ; the sea is their school of war and the storm their friend ; they are sea wolves that prey on the pillage of the world I". . . The piracy of our fathers had thus iirought them to the sliores of a land which, dear as it is now to Knglishmeii, had not as vet been Irodden by Knglish feet. — Hiht. ok I'-nii. Pkoim.k, ?i 24. 4180. PIRATES, Connivance with, (ioirni- iiifiit. The buccaneers, encouraged by the Sen- ate's coiudvance, were more daring than e\er. They had become a sea conununity, led by high- born adventurers, who maintained out of their plunder a show of wild magniticence. Thenars of \\\v. galleys of their commanders were i)lateil with silver ; their cabins were hung with gor- geous laiM'slry. They had bands of music to play their triumphs. They had a religion i their own, an Oriental meilley called the Mys- teries of Mitliras. 'I'hey had captured and pil- laged four hundred considerable towns, and had spoiled the teini)le of the (Irecian gods, 'i'hey had maintained and extended their depots, where they (lisi)osed of their i)risoners to the slave- dealers. Roman citizens who could not ransom them.selves, and could not conveniently be sold, j were informed that they could go where they ! pleased ; they were led to a j)lank iiro.jecting I over some ves.sel's side, and were bidden depart — ! into the sea. — Fi{oi:i)k'h t',Ks.\it, ch. 10. j 41 Sr. PIRATES, Period of. I{»wi(n.^. Crjte was completely in their hands also, and they had I secret friends along th(! entire jMediterranean I sliores. They grew at la.st into a thousand sail. divided into s((uadrons under separate com- manders. They were admirably armed. They roved over the waters at their pleasure, attacking islands or commercial jiorts, ])luiideriiig temples and warehouses, arresting every trading ves.sel they encountered, till at last no Hoiiian could go abroad on business save during tlie winter storms, when the .sea was comiiarativeiy clear. They llaunted their .sails in front of Ostia itself ; they landed in their boats at the villas on the Italian coast, carrying olT lords and ladies, and holding them to ransom. They levied blackmail at their pleasure. The wretched provincnals had I)aid their taxes to Rome in exchange for prom- ised defence, and no defence was provided. The revenue which ought to have been spent on the protection of the empire a few patricians wero 4 fi :i 400 IMTY-PLEAHL'UE. i ilivlillii>( unions thi'tnwIvfM. Tin* pinitcH limi 4'vi'ii iiiiii'tH ill ilttTiniit InIiiiuIs, wlicnt tliclr prlsDiicrs \v<>r<' hiiIiI to tlir Mlavi'-dt'ulrrN ; uiiil for tlflnii yntrM iiolliiiiK wiin doiit' orrvcii uttciiiptctl til put Mil i'ikI to MO prcpoMlcroiiM (III t'lioriiiity. 'riiri'Hsi' with wiiicli liics<' liiicciinccrs of tlic old world were cvciitiiiiiiy MiipprcsMc(<> niiiiis liud iM't-ii sent n'ifiiliirlv from ('rcic to moiih' of tiu! iiioMt disiiiijrnisii,.,! iiiriiiiMrM of tlie aristocriicy. — I'lUll DKN Ckhah, ell. If. 'llhMt, PITY reveried. F<>i'lhili(jiiirr. Iiii martyr ; Tlio Callioiic Ji'mpcroi'l SiKisiiioiid lias aripiircd tiic iioiiors or a Maim aii(i martyr; liiit t!i('liaiid< of tile royal Haiiil were Mtaiiicd witl<. tlic lilood of liiM iiinoci'iit Moii. wlioiii lie iiiliiiiiiaiily Macritlicd to till' oridi'aiid rcsciitiiii'iit of aMtcpiiiotlirr. lit; Mooii dlMcovcrcd iiiM error, and licwailfd the ir- rcparaMc loMM. While Si^'isiiioiid ciiiliraced llie i'orpMc of tile iinforliiiiate yoiilii, lie received a Mevere adiiioiiitioii from one of his iiltendatitM : " It iM not ids situation, () i^iiijL,' I it is tliiiK? wliirli deserves pity and laiiieiitiilion." — Giiiiio.n's Uo.Mi;, eh. 38, ]). TiHO. 'I I Mf>. PLAGIARISM a Felony. I/,ii/irm. 1100. PLAGUE, Desolating. Wiilinprmd. It was the inevitable coiise((uence of rapine and oppres>ion, which extir|)ale , tifteeiitli year of .luslinian was not checked < r alleviated by any diirerence of the .seasons, in time, its first ma- liirnity was 'ibated and dispersed ; the disease jilieriiately languished and revived ; but it was not till the end of a calamitous period of lifty- two years that mankind recov<'red their healtli, or the air resumed its pure ; .d salubrious qual- ity. No facts liiive been preserved to sustain an ftccount, or even a conjecture, of the numbers that perished in this extraordinary mortality. I only find that during three months live, and at length ten, thousaml persons died each day at Constantinople ; that manj' cities of the East ■were left vacant, and that in several districts of Italy the harvest and the vintage withered on the ground. The triple scourge of war, pesti- lence, and famine afflicted the subjects of Ju.s- tinian ; and his reign is disgraced by a visible de- crease of the human species, which has never lH>en rcpHlriHl In unnie of tho fiiln'Rt countriuii ot the glulie.— Oiiiiion'h Udmk, ch. -13, p. 2U7. '•10)1. PLXAIUKI In Benevolenoe. J»hn ll, being tliere and having the king's author- ' Ity and commandment, doubted not to mim* all I tilings siitllcienlly furnislied and perfected.— i K.Moiir's Kn(i,, vol. 3, cli. 1(1, p. 205. 'IIO'l. PLEA8UBE, Domoralliing. Homant. The people of itome, viewing, with a secret pleasure, tli(> humiliation of tlie aristocracy, de- manded only bread and public shows, and were Hiipplied Willi both by the liberal hand of Au- gustus. Tlu; rich and polite Italians, who had almost universally embraced the philosophy of Epicurus, enjoyed the present blessings of ease and traiupiiility, and sulTered not the jiieas- ing dream to be Interrunted by the memory of their old tumultuous freedom. — Oiuuon'h UoMli:, ch. 3, p. 74. 'IIOA. PLEASURE, Devotion to. Turentines. Pyrrhus brought to thi! aid of the Tarentincs [against tlu; Uoman.sl an army of 30, (KK) men. lie was astonished that a war. In which they wer(! a principal party, did not, in the least, Inter- rupt the amusements of that frivolous and (lis.so- lut(^ people. They gave; him some magnificent festivals, and tiieii purposed to leave him to fight, while tliey continued their entertainments. This conduct, justly exciting both c(mtemi)tand indignation, Pyrrhus ordered the theatres to bo shut up, dosed the public as.semblies, where the Tarantines idly con.sumed the time in frivolous talk, and mustering the citizens, enjoined a con- tinued and rigorous exercist; to every man who was cajiabie of bearing arms. So severely felt was this duty, that it is .said a large number of the inhabitants actually fled from their country rather than .sulTer a deprivation of their usual pleasures. — Tvtlek's Hist., Book 3, ch. 7, p. 3r)5. 4106. . Alexander. Arrived at Ecbatana, Alexander celebrated his entry into the ancient capital of Media with magniflcent games and festivals, In which every refinement of luxury was contrived that could flatter the .senses or feed the voluptuous passions. Whole days and nights were consumed in riot and debauchery, in which the meanest soldier vied with his prince in the most unrestrained indulgence. — Tytleh's Hist., Hook 2, ch. 4, p. 193. 4107. PLEASURE, Extravaganoe in. Hunt- ing. [Malck, the distinguished Turkish general,] « I'LKAHUUK-IM.KASlHKrt. 407 both III pnicii iind tii wiir wim in itilion nml in till- titlil , . . lliiiitliiK ^vim llir itlnixiiri-, mill I'Vi'ii till' piiMHliiii, of tlif Miiltiiii, iiiiil IiIh triiiii COIlHlHlitl of IT.tMK) liorsi'S ; liilt lifter l||i> nillM- Marri' iif ilTlirklHll rliilHr. fur rmli plrccof piliic III' lli'slitwril II pli'i'i' of |;iilil oil till' poor, U Hlijt;||t Ulolli'llKlll, III till' I'Xpi'llMi' of the pi'opli', for the <'OHl llllli nilHcllil'f of till' IIIIIIINCIIII'Ilt of klllK^. OlIIIIIINH UoMK, I'll. 5, p. (i'il. 'II9N. PLEASURX, HarmUii. S,tmii,l John- Don. " Is mil fiiiriii/is.i jiltiiniiri' vrry tiiiiii' V" .IiiiiNKiiN : " Niiv, ulr , liiiriiiii">M pli'iiMiiri' Im tlir lilf^hi'Hl |iriilsi'. I'lriiHiiri' Ih h woni of iliiliioiix import ; pli'iisiiri' is in ^'iii'iiil iIiiii^'i'Ioiim, and pi'miciouM lo virtiii' ; to lir iililr lliiTrfori' to fiir- ii'hIi pli'aMiiri' tliat is liarniirHs, pliiisiiri' pure ami iinitlloyi'd, is iiH ^ri'iit a povvir as man can pos- M«'HH." Tills was, pi'rhaiis, aHinKi'nloiisaili'fi'iici.' as roiild III' miulr ; still, liowcviT, 1 was not Hatisllcil. — Hohwki.i/h Joiinhon, p. 411. 'llfM). PLEASURE, Interruption of. Titllij/- nind. 1 .VfliT llic I'xiii' of Napoleon I. Ilie allied KoviTi'i^fiis werii in coiif^ii'ss at Vienna, with Kcvi'ii liiindred amlms,sadorM. Tliey were relieved in tlieir toils liy feasting; and diinciiiK. I 'riilley- rand WHS . . . makiiiK Id^ toilet for a iiall. . . . His liands weio wet with perfnmerv ; . . . two barliers went curling Ids hair. Ills niece . . . run into llie room wllli a iiotii, . . . marked se- cri^t and in haste, rallevranii, looking up from tlie midst of liisciirliiijf irons, powders, and per- fumes, reiiiiesti'd his nieco to open and read the note. Sliuuidso, and, turning |)ule, he exclaimed, " llwivens 1 ilonapurte has left Kilia t What is to becoino of my ball this evening V" ... " If a thunderbolt," says Allison, "had fallen in tlii^ midst of tin; brilliance as.senililed in the im- perial ball-room at Vicnnii, it could not liavo ex- cited greater coiiHternation tliaii this simple an noiincement." — Auhott'h NAroi,EON IJ., vol. 2, ch. 26. 4il00. PLEASURE, Puiion for. Athenians. In addition to tliese symptoms of decline, luxury was extending her baneful intlucnce, in enervat- ing and corruiiting the patriotic spirit. A taste for tlie productions of the tine arts and a pas- sioimte pursuit of jileasure had, in tlic Athenian republic jmrticularly, entirely supplanted heroic virtue. Poets, musicians, sculptors, comedians, were now the only great men of Attica. Wliile the bewitching dramas of Sopliocles and Eurip- ides cliarmed the ears, and the sculpliires of Phidias, of (}lycon, and Praxiteles fa.scinated the eyes of the refined and voluptuous Athenians, military glory was forgotten ; and the defence of the state," no longer the care of its citi- zens, was coinniitted to mercenaries, wlio filled both its lieets and its armies. — Tyti.kh's Hist., Book 2, ch. ;}, p. KW. 4201. PLEASURE, Periloui. Frederick V. SThe ele(!tor i)alutine of Bohemia.] Instead of levoting hini.self with untiring energies to the affairs of ins kingdom, Frederick 'wasted his time in amusements ; instead of filling liis treas- ury l>y a wise economy, be squandered his rev- enues by a necdleas theatrical pomp and a mis- f)laced munirtcence. With a light-minded care- essness, he did but gaze at himself in his new dignity, and in the ill-timed desire to enjoy his crown, ho forgot the more pressing duty of se- curing It on hU luMid. — TmiiTv Ykakn' Wah, S5 liM. iSlOtf. PLEASURE, Pnnnlt of. A.V ie u r u ». The iiliiliiiKijiliji too of the piigiin world was but ill ciili'iilated lo supply the pliiri' of religion in Ilie letlni'ineiil of morals. The doctrines of Kpicuriis, which were highly prevalent at Ilie lime of the liirtli of CliriNt, by repreMentiiig pleasure as Ihe cliief good, by iinpoHing no re- Ntraiiit on llie indulgence of tlie piisMion>, and limiling III! hapiiini'NN to ilie enJoymi'iitN of ilie present life, teiiiled to corriipl and degrade hii man naliire to a rank lillle superior to lliul of Ihe lirutes. — Tyti, Kit's Hisr., Hook 5, ch. 4 ji. a. 'lilOn. PLEASURE in Slnninf. Samuel John- son Isaid to Miss Ailuiiis:| "You put me in ininil of l>r. Harrowby, the plivHician, wli" was Very fond of swine's llesii. (••■ day when he was eating it lie said, ' I wis'' I nmih a .lew.' 'Why so?' said someliody ; 't., li ,''h are imt allowed to eat your favorite iniat.' ' Hecimse,' said he, ' I shoiiM then have the i;ust of eating it, Willi the pleasure of sinning.' ' — Hohwki.I.'h .loilNHO.N, p, U'i'i •I'JOI. PLEASURE, Vitiated by. Andronieui, [A (Jreek prince. I Androniciis llie younger was touched with remorse, or fatigued with business, or deceived by negotialioii ; iileiisure rather tliaii lower was his uini ; and the license of mainlain- ng a tliousaiid hounds, a Ihoiisand hawks, and a thousand huntsmen was sutllcient to sully his fame and disarm hisambiliin. — UiniioN'sItoME, ch. «;}, p. IHO. 4ilOA. PLEASURE, Watering place. Kni/land. The passion for drinking mineral waters and for bathing in medicinal springs sent llie fashionable worid.in tlie beginning of tluM'igliteeiith century, to u round of idleness and dissiimtion, of card- nlaying and dancing, at the crowded cottages of runbridge W^ells and tlie tishing liovels of Scar- borough. — Kmiiiit's Eno., vol. .'), ch. 1, p. 10. 4906. PLEASURE, Weariiome. C/iarles IT. [(diaries II. became celebraled for his prodi- gality and devotion to mere iileiisure.J Burnet writes; . . . Tiie king, who was often weary of time, and did not know how to get round the day, liked the going ti. the House [of Parlia- ment] as a plea.sant divirsion ; so he went (ion- stantly. — Knhiht's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 17, p. SO."). 4tl07. PLEASURES condemned. Puritans. It was a sin to hang garlands on a Mny-polc, to drink a friend's health, to tly a hawk, 'o hunt a stag, to jilay at che.ss, to wear love locks, to put starch intoa ruff, to touch the virginals, to read the Fairy Queen. Kules such as these — rules which would have appeared insupportable to the free and joyous spirit of Luther, and contempt- ible to the serene and philosophical intellect of Zwingli, threw over all life more than a monastic gloom. — Macai'lay's Eno., ch. 1, p. 76. 4a0§. PLEASURES, Expeniive. Metropolitan. [In Borne and Constantinople, the two capitals of the Roman Empire] the annuol games of the theatre, the circus, and the ampliithcatre cost £4000 of gold, (about) £160,000 sterling ; and if so heavy an expense surpassed the faculties or the inclination of the magistrates themselves, the sum was supplied from the Imperial treasury. — I Gibbon's Rome, ch. 17, p. 118. 498 PLEASURES— POET. '1200. PLEASURES of Seme. .]fofiiunnmIaii. ]SIiih(nnL'l used often tosiiy : " The tilings .n this world thiit ar<' most ii.i^rccaMc to my heart and .senses an^ children, women, and perfumes ; hut I have n(!ver tasted complete happiness hut in prayer," — Lamahtink's Ti'UKKy, p. 153. 4210. .Vit/ioiiict. Perfumes and women were the two sensual enjoyments which his nature retjuired, and his religion did not for- bid ; and Maliomet utlirmed thai the fervor of his devotion was increased hy these innocent l)leasures. The h'at of the climate intlamesthc hlood of the Arabs, and their libidinous com- plexion has been noticed by the writers of anti((- iiity. Their incontinence was regulated by the civil and religious laws of the Koran ; their in- cestuous alliances were blamed ; the boundh.'ss license of polygamy was reduced to four legiti- mate wives or concubines ; their rights botli of bed and dowry were e(piitably determined ; the freedom of divorce was discouraged ; adultery was condemned as a capital olTenco ; and forni- cation, in either sex, was punisluMl -with a hun- dred striix's. Such were the calm and rational l)recei)ts of tiie legislator ; but in his private con- duct .Slahomet indulged the api)etites of a man, and abused the claims of a prophet. A special revelation dispensed him from the laws which he had imposed on his nation ; thi! female .sex, without reserve, was abandoiu i to his desires ; and this singular [irerogative excited the envy rather than the scandal, the vtiiieration rather than the envy, of the devout Mussulmans. — GiB- lioN's Mauo.mkt, p. 54. 4211. PLEASURES, Wasteful. Poet Shelley. Peacock [his first friend] also notices his habit of floating paper boats, ami gives an amusing de- scription of th(! boredoni suflfered by Hogg on occasions when Shelley would stop by the side of pond or mere to float a mimic navy. The not altogether apocryphal story of his having once constructed a boat out of a bank-post-bill, and launched it on the lake in Kensington Gardens, deserves to be alluded to in this connection. — Symonus' Siri:i,i,KY, ch. 4. 4212. PLEDOE, Temperance. Father Mathcw's. Father Malhew's wonder-working pledge was as follows : " I promise, with the divine assistance, •lis long as I continue a member of the Teetotal Temperance Society, to abstain from all into.xi- cating drinks, except for medicinal or .sacrament- al purposes, and to prevent as much as i)ossible, by advice and example, drunkenness in others." When the.se words had been slowly uttered, Fa- ther Mathew, with uplifted hand, pronounced a brief prayer: "May God bless you, and give you strength and grace to keep your promise." To which he sometimes added, .is he made the sign of the cross : "In this sign alone you may hope to persevere and conquer." — Cyclopedia ofBioo., p. 111. 42i:i. PLOT, A fictitious. The Popish Plot. Titus Gates, a clergyman of the Church of Eng- land, Imd, by his disorderly life and heterodox doctrine, drawn on him the censure of his spirit- ual superiors, had been compelled to quit his benefice, aiul had ever since led an infanir>us und vagrant life. He had once professc' himself ti Roman C.-itholic, and had pas.sed soi • ■ 'ime on the v^'ontinent in English colleges of the -derof ■Tcsus. In those seminaries he had hear much wild talk about the best means of bringing Eng- land back to the true Church. From hints thus furnished he constructed a iiideous romance, re- .sembling rather the dream of a sick man tiian any transaction which ever took place in the real world. The pope, he said, had intrusted the government of England to the Jesuits. Tiie Jes- uits had, by "ommi.ssi()ns under the great seal of their society, appointed Calholi(^ clergymen, noblemen, and gcntleincii to all the highest oflices in Church and State. The papists had burned down London once. They had tried to burn it down again. They were at that moment planning a scheme fcr setting fire to all tiie shipping in the Thames. They were to rise at a signal and nms.sa- ere all their Protestant neighbors. A French army wasat th(! .same time to land in Ireland. All the leading statesmen and divines of England were to be murdered. Three or four schemes had been formed for assassinating the king. He was to be stabbed. He was to be i)oi.soned in his medicine. He was to be shot with silver bullets. — Ma- caii.ay's Eno., ch. 2, p. 218. 4214. PLOT, Imaginary. Negro. In the year 1741 occurred ..." V'.c Negro Plot " [in N. Y.] Slavery was permitted in the province, and u"- groes constituted a lar^e faction of the popula- tion. Several destructive fires had occurred, and it was believed that they had been kindled by incendiaries. The slaves were naturally distrust- ed ; now they became feared and hated. Some degraded women came forward and gave infor- mation that the negroes had made a plot to burn the citj', kill all avIio oppo.sed them, and set up one of their own number as governor. The whole storj' was the essence of absurdity ; but the peo- ple were alarmed and ready to believe anything. The reward of freedom was offered any slave who would reveal the plot. Many witne.s.ses ruslied forward with foolish and contradictory stories ; the jails were filled with the accu.sed ; and more than tliirty of the miserable creatures, with hardly the form of a trial, were convicted and then hanged or burned to death. Others were transported and sold as slaves in foreign lands. As soon as the supposed jieril had passed and the 5xcited people regained their .senses, it came to be {loubted whether the whole shocking affair had not been the result o<" terror and fanaticism. The verdict of after times has been that there teas no plot at a;;.— Ridpath's U. S., ch. 20, p. 182. 4215. POET respected. Pindar. The Tlie- bans, on a false report of his death in battle against the Illyrians, had exjielled the Macedo- nian garrison, and put to death Its commanders, Amyntas and Timolaus. Alexander offered par- don to the city on condition of absohite submi.s- sion, and the clelivering up of the principal offend- ers. The Thebans were obstinate, and the con- sequence was that Thebes was taken by storm, and abandoned to the fury of the Macedonian troops, who plundered and destroyed it. Six thou- .sand of the inhabitants were put to tlie sword, and 30,000 sold to slavery. The priests, however, with their families, were treated with reverence ; and while the .streets and fortifications of the city were reduced to a mass of ruins, the conqueror showed his respect to the memory of Pindar by preserving from destruction the great poet's liouse, which was still occupied bj' his descend- ants. — Tytleii's Hist., Book 2, ch. 4, p. 178. POET— POKTRY, 490 4310. POET, Terroriiing. Il>bn-t fhinis. The liirmer.sand tlu; well-lodo i«'Oi)l(! welcomed him gladly, and were proud that siu .1 a man had come to he a dweller in their vale. Yet tlu" ruder country lads and the lower peasantry, we are told, lookedOii him not without dread, " lest heshoiild pickle and preserw them in sarcastic son;,'." "Once at ti penny wedding, when one or two .villi young lads ((uarrelled, and were about to tight. Burns rose up and said, ' Sit down and—, or else I'll hang you up like polato-hogles in sang tomorrow. ' They ceased, and sat down as if their noses had been" hleeding."— SiiAiitf's BtUNs, ch. 5. 4217. POETRY, Bad. Criticiml Philo.venns, who was hin\selt' an excellent poet, attemiited to undeceive Dionysius in the favorable opinion he had of his own abilities, but was sent to the Quar- ries for the liberty he took. However, the next 33. PROSTITUTE, A distingaished. T/ieod,,- r. avoided by all who wislied to escape eitlier the scandal or the temptation. The satirical hist'i rial) has not blushed lodcscribe the n.'iked scenes whicli Theodoi'M was not ashamed to exhibit in the llieatre. After exhausting the arts of .seii^ii- 111 pleasure, she most ungratefully murmured against tlie parsimony of nature. [She beciiinc the wife of the lioman Kniiieror .lustinian j — (•iiinoNs Ud.Mi,, ch. 40, p. ."id, I5:ri. PROTECTION of Industry. ('binAin;,. When the cultivator waiit<'ii to obtain the best price for his wool, that legislation that wa- al- ways protecting one class against anollier clasn, !o the injury of both classes, ordained the expi.r- latioii of wool should be liam|>ered witli re^tric tioiis ; " because that sullicieiit plenty of tlie >;iid wools may continually abide and reiii.iin williin the said realm, us may competently and rea-'on ably serve for the oc<'upati(ui of clolli-makers." ( )f necessity much of the sutlieiciil jileiity became superabundant stock ; and the price of wool wai beaten down by the limitation of tlie market. |a.I). U'iO lAH'i.] — KNioiir's IOno., vol. ',',cli. 7, p. lOH. tatta. PROTECTION of Manufactures. p:iir,. lish. The rural interests of i-liigland lia'.i>*i prohibited tlie importation of Irish cuttle. Tiie Irish farmers took to breeding sliecp. .iiid wool being abundant, woollen manufactures siirani; up. The CJommons imiiloi'cd tliekin.g " to enjoin all those he employed in Ireland to use their lit most diligence to hinder tlie exiiortutiou of wool from Irelund, except imported hillier, and for diseouruging the woollen und eneouniging the liiKiii manufacture in Ireland."' — Ivnkiiit's Em.. . vol. •), ch. 14. p. 214. 4.'i:i«. PROTECTION by Secrecy. At/iaii,isi'/.i. [During the persecution by the Arian jmrty.] He wus once secreted in u ilry cistern, wliicli he had scureely left before! he wus betrayed by tlietrea<'h- ery of u female slave ; and he wusoncc conce.iled in a still moreextruordinury asylum, the house of u virgin, only twenty yeui's of uge, and who was celelirated in tli.' whole city for her ex<(iiisite beauty. At llie lioiirof midnight, as she relateil the story many .veuis uflervvurd, she was sur prised by the appeanince (>f the archbishop in a loose undress, who, advancing with hasty steps, conjured her to ufTord him the i)rotection wliiili he hud been directed by a celestial vision to seik under her lios]>itable roof. The pious muid ac- cepted und preserved the .sacred pledge wliicli wus intrusted to lier prudence and courage. Without imparting the seci-et lo any one, .she in- stantly conducted Athaiiasius into her most sc cret chamber, and watched over his .safety with the tenderness of a friend and the assiduity of a .servant. As long as the dan.irer continued, she regularly supplied him with hooks and jirovi- fi.'JG IMto'lKCTlOX-l'HOTKHTAXTISM. II If ' NJdiiN, wiisIm'iI IiIn fi't't. inaniiu;i'lin'-i' cliiirnis inj^rlit cxciir tlu' iiiosi iliiiipTdiis t'liio ti()ti>. -OiiiiKiNH UuMi;, ell. :.M. |>, ;i.'i','. IA:I7. protection for the Weak. ,l,im,H Oljlt lIlDlli III' Sl'jcclcil as 111!' silc 111 Ills Hcltlr iiiiMil \\u- IiIkIi IiIiiIT dm wliicli now sfiimls llir rily I'l' Savaiiiiali. Ilt'ii', nii (lie lirst day i.l Krli riiai's , ui't'c laiil llu' r<>iiiiilaiii>iiH iif tlu' nlilcsi Mnu:liHli liiwiisiiMlliiil' llii-Sa\atiiiali Uivcr. liniail sirccl-i wiTi' iaiil mil ; a |>iil>li<' si|iia!'i' was rr- sci'vnl in rath ijiiarli'i' ; a liraiilil >il villau:i' of Inils aiiil liiiarij Iiiiiihi'-^ laiiit aiiinn;;ilir |)iiii' tires ap- pi'ai'i'il as llii' rajilal of a new coiiiiiiuii wrallli, vvlli'l'r lllrll \S I'lT Mill iniprisitlicil t'linlrlil. 'roiiin cliirlii, cliii'l' III' llic Vaniacrans, laiiir Iriuii lii> caliiii halt' a mile ilisiaiil In nit his Iii'iiiIht ( );;Ii' lliorpi'. Thrri' was a picasaiil riiiil'i'mirr. " IIitc is a pri'si'iit I'mt yiiii," saiil the ml man In Ihi' wliiii' man. '{"hi- prrsnil was a Imllalii rnlii' paiiiti'ilnii Ihi' inviili' with llu' hrail ami I'l'athi'rs (if an rairlr. " Tlic I'i'iiIIhts arr snl'l, ainl si^riiily Invi- ; Ihi' liiilTaln slvin is llii' I'Mililcm i>f jji'dIic- linn 'riii'ii'fnri' liivc us anil pi'iilri'l lis," said till' nil! rhii-ftain. Siirh a plea cnuld mil hi' Im.I on a man like O^ili'thnrpc — HiDi-Aiii's V . S.. eh. •,'!», p ',';{». 'l.'ilW. PROTECTOR needed. I'n>tc»l,intx. Mail Cmmwi'll hri'ii on Ihr Ihrnni' nf Kii'Hand when l.niiis XI\'. dari'il In ii'Miki w ' had lict'ii calli'd Ihc Iirt'Viii'alilc Kilicl nf N, s, and li> this ai'l In iiiautrnrali' a prnlnicl' 'I and hnirilili' rciifii nf li'iior, till' rcvncalinii w aid ni'vcr have taki'ii pJMi I', nr that apjiaritinn, vvliich Ma/arin always drradcd Ir^t he shniild ^i r, wniilil have liucii lii'hclil — ^namcly, ('ininwi'll al the i,nit<'s nf I'aiis. — IIood'h Chomwkm,, cli. 1(5, p. 'i\A. .|5;|». PROTECTION, A strong. (Him- ('r,.„i. irell. It was at tin' very pi'iiml of llii' mas.sacrc nf till IMi'dmonli'sr that a treaty with France had been iii.iliii'eil, after Inni; and ledinus nefrntiatinii. One demand after .innlher had lieeii cniieedcd to ('ronuvell liy iiinijs and his crafty adviser, the (-'ardiiial .Ma/,aiin. .Inhn .Millnn, Oliver's pri- vate and fnreiirn secrelary, h.al cniuliicted the ne;.||itiatinM In a sucei'.ssfid issue, and the French ambas.sadnr waited with tin' treaty ready fnrsit;- natiire, when Crninwcll learned of the suireriiii:s nf the N'audnis. lie rnrthwilh desiiatched an ainliassiidnr, nn their lirhaif, In the Ciiiirt of Turin, and refused tnsii,'n the treaty with France until tlieir wrnni^swere rediesseil. The French amhasMidnr was astonished and iiidi.ifiiant. He remonstrated with Cromwell, and uri;eil that theipieslinn Imreiin eonneclinn with the terms nf the treaty ; nnr cnuld his soveriiiin interfere, on any plea, with the suhjectsnf an inde])eiidei!t State. Mazariii look ('ven hnMer u:rnund. He did not rniiceal his sympathy i- itii the elTnrts of the Duke of Savoy to coerce these Protestant lehi'ls — declared his cnnviction that in truth " the Vaudois had intlicled a hundred times wnrsc- iiuelties on the ("atlmlics than they had sulTcrcd Irnm them," and altnif(^ther tnnk up a very hitch and haughty position. Croniwell remained un- moved. New pi'otestatiniis met with no lictter rcr. ptioii. He told hi- .Ma.jesty nf France, in reply to his assurances ni the impo.ssibility of iii- tcrfcrinu, that he hud itlreiuly allowed IiIh own tl'onpN to he einplnyet! as tile tools nf the |N. ciitors ; which, thnu>;h very much like kIvIm^ his Chrl^llan .Ma,|esty the lie, was luil without ilselTeei. Crnniwell Would not move from the ^iicred iliiU he had a.ssumed to him.'M'll. as Ilia defender lit the persecuted I'l'ilestaiits of Kui'o|h>, The French amliassadnr ap| Sn d fnran audiencu In lake his leave, and was lu.ide welcoiiU! to ^o. l.ouiN and .Mii;rarin had lioth to yield In his wishes III last, and lierame the unwilling., Milvncutes of thchirelii Hiif the valleys. — Hooh'm Cuom wki.i,, eh. Ml, p. 'Jl.-i. lA 10. PROTESTANTISM, Advance of. /'nnin: I \ II. I'"i(li latir. The I'rnlestant npinlnnsl were piipularaiiMin^ the meichani i lass. The nnlilesso was fast III rninlllK Hu^'Uennt. .\ I the court itself the nnlile feasted nstei -atiously on the fllHt- daysof the church, and Hocked to the I'rotcHtaiit pnachiiijis. The cleriiV thcinselvcH .seemed shaken. Hisln ps openly alijund thenldir faith. Cnliirnv's hrother, I he Cardinal of ( 'hat i lion, cel- eliraleil the enmmuninn insleail nf mass in his iiwn episcnpiil church at iieainais, and inarriid a wife. Sn irresistilile was the lunM'iiient, that CMihai'ine saw no way of prescvinj; France In ('athnlicisin liiil liy the biiirest i oncessions ; and in the summer of l.'tli' slie <'alled on the pope to allow the removal of ima^''es, the administraiinii nf the sacrament in both kinds, and the almli- linn of iirivatc ina.sses Hri- demands were out- slrii)peil by thii>e of an assembly of depulies from the states which M"t at I'milnise. These called fnr the coiitlscatii.ii of church pri)|M'rly, for freednm of cnnscience and of wnisliip, and, ahnve all, for a national coniuil in wlii' h every question sli.iild he d'lidcd by "the word of (iod." Fiance seenu il on the ver^c of becnm- in^f Protestiiiit ; and at a mnmeiit w hen Protes- tantism had won England and Scotland, and ap- peared In be fast wiimin.ic sduthern as well as iinrtherii (iermany, the ai rssinii nf France wnulil have determined the 1 1 iuiniih of the l{ef- nrmalinn. | I' rsecutinn nf I'ldlcstants follow- ed l—IIlsr. ni. Fmi. Pkoi'i i;, ^ T'-'li. 4511. PROTEST AN TI8M, Overthrow of. P,'r- ^(Cutiiiii. Al Uoine the news of this I'.ieat blow iLciveii by the massacre on St. IJarilinlmnew's Day I was hailed with extra vaizaiit manifestations lit joy ; the Pope [(Jrefcory XI 1.] and cardinals Went in state to return thanks to Heaven fortius signal mercy, and medals were struck in its hniinr. Philip 1 1 . extolled it as one of Ihc most ineiiioralile triumph of ChristianMy, compared il to the splendid victnrv of liCp.iiito. and Imast- eil that the total ruin im T'rotestaiitism was now tinally assured, \c\erlheless, this threat wicked iiess, like all state crimes, was quite inetTectiial for the ])nrpiise toward which it \\ as directed. The Huiruennts had Insi their alilesl leaders; they were stunned, cnnfminded, sosili()n to address the kiiiL' in bolder and more importunate laiiLTuaire than al any former period of the (Mintest. . . . The full and public c.Mrcise of the refnrmed rclif^ion was aulliori/.ed llunughout the kinydnm ; the PRoTKHTANTfHM— IMtOVlDKNCK. 537 Piirlluiiit'tiU wcrf toconNiHl of uii ('(|iii«l niKwlKT of I'rott'Htitiit itiiil CuHiolic JikIki-s , all hcdu (mi's |)as.s('il a;/iiiiiHt tin I (ii^iiriuils wcl'r iiiuiiillcil, and till' InsiirKcn wcri; piDiioiiiKi'il in liavi' acli'il for III)' K'X"! I tl>u kiiii; anil kinf^iloiii ; t'lulii towns were pliu . (1 In thi irliamlH for an nii llniii'il porioil ; anil ilic Stalt-sOc inr il wrrr to lie coiAokril vllliin mIx months. Sik i wrrctlu' comliiions of llic " I'caci'of >f"iisii'nr, as it was Icrnn 'I which was Mi>,'n('(l ontlii'dili of May, 157(1 — lisH than fonr years aflrr thai fritrjiifnl niassacH' liy whirii it waH hoiwd that llic ifuij;'!!' not faction wonlil Im- tinatly cvtirpati'il from Krancc. SrirDlvNTu' Fu^n ..IT. S'J. 49 li. PROTESTANTISM, Protectors of. p:>,arl and consecrated for the defenceof i'rotestanlism ajjainst tlie encroachments anil cruelties of l*o pery. This idea lar>;cl\ cnlereil into the mind of the Protector. He saw the -itate of I'hinppe, he felt for its wrunjfand lacerated condition. In his a.i^e lie was th(! hmI\ Protestant. Jirince; the so-called ProleslaiU statesmen were in leai^ne with Kome. He raised his hamici ai^ainsl the Vatican, declared his side ami his convictions, and made the tyrants and diplomaiisisof FiUrope (piail and shrink hefore the shadow of hi.-, power and the terror of his name. In the history of I'rotestantism he occupies tin disliiij;;uislu'il place, in the very fore;;riiund. 'I lat we are en- titled to .say thus much of him is proveii hy a reference; to his own words, as well as to "the hetter (evidence of his deeds. — Hoods (Judm- WKi.i., eh. 1(1, p. 217. 4513, PROTESTATION, Absurd. Tiiaour tlh Tartiir. [To his Syrian captives. | " Youseemc here," continued 'rimour," a poor, lame, decrepit mortal. Yet- hy my arm hastlie Almiijhty heen pleased losubdue the kini,nloms of Iran, Tonran, and the Indies. I am not a man of lilooil : and God is my witness that in ail my wars I liavi never heen the a.i^.n'ressor, and that my enemies have always heen the authors of their own calam- ity." Durinj^ this j)eaceful conversation tlie streets of Aleppo [in Syria] streamed with hlnod and re-echoiMl with tlie criesof mothers anilcii. I dren, with tlie shrieks of violated virj^ins. — Gin- HONs HoMK, eh. ()."). |). 2(i'^. 4511. PROTESTATIONS, Characteristic, ('ills. The Cells at all times have been fond uf enipliat i' |)ri)testalioiis. Tiie youuir heroes swore a soi'inii o.'ith lliat they would not .see wife urcliil- dre 1 or parenis niori' till tliey had riililiii twice throui^h till' Roman .irmy. In this mood they encountered Ciesar in tlie valley of the Vin- j^eaiiiie, ;i I'iver which f.ills into the Saone, and tlicy inei liie fate wiiic li necessarily befell them when their un;j:ovi'rnal)ie multitudeseny:a,iied the legions ill ihc o|)eii tield. They were defeated with enormollM Iohn ; not they riding,' through the UomuM army, bn» tlieiiiselveH ridden over and he VII down by ih Oermaii liorsenieii and scut (lyiii); for fift.v iiiiKs over the hills into Alice St. Kellle. — Fllol liKH C>«.ui ell. I!) 4AI»1. PROVIDENCE, Dellvarancc bT. (U>n„. Inm, I Four richly laden \ I'lietiaii >,nilleys were attacked by Columbo the yoiiiijrer, m ir the I'oi tu>?ui ^(! roust. I A (1. sjierate i'iiKiiK''""'iil i""k place ; the ves.sils ^(rappled each oilier, and the crews foiiiiht I imI to hand, and from ship to ship. The battle Listed from inoriiin^ until even ili>?, with jrn ill earnatreon li. Ii sides, The ^ ■ ssel commanded by Colundiiis wa> enKa;;edwiih ii liu.ije Venetian K'dley. They threw liandTrri!- nades and other llery nnsiiles, and the i,fallcy was wrapped in tlames. The vessels wcie fasten- ed tot't'iliir by chains mid jfrapplingiroii -. and could (Mil be separated ; both were involved in one coiitlauiatlon, and 't over the neighborin.g tribes, and desolated almost the whole seaboard of New Engliiiid. . . . There \\\",v the liaces of a pre- vious population, but not one living inhabitunt. — BA^'CKOKT's U. 8., vol. 1, ch. 8. 638 IMIOVIDEN'CK. -•A 10. PROVIDENCE, DUpMal of. Fnr nIxIv i: \, Till! viiyiijfi! was Inn;; jtml prrllinis. tliri'o (liiyi* tin; Mhip wii.s InilTi'li'il hy ntoriiii iiiid (Irivi'n. It liiul Ik'c'ii llin iiilciitliiii or liin IMI^riiiH ti> riiiiiiil llii'tr <'i)l(iMy' ill llic Ix'iiutiriil ('i)iiiitry of tlii^ KikIsiiii, bill, tliii tciiipcst ciirricil tlicnuiiit.ot' tlirlr course, anil lliodrst laiidMci'ti was IIkmIi'mo- into ('a|Ht (!<>{liMli crown, iiml covi>niiiite(l t();;ellier to iivo in peacn nml har- mony, with cipial rii'lils to all, oliedlcnt to JiihI, laws inan.t;iiii(i. Mneli wasllie Hliiipli) lint, Hitliiiniii consllhiiii>n of tho oliie--; New Kniflami Stale. A iiohler (locunieiit in not, to lie foniid anuiiii^ the reconisof the world, 'i'o this iiistrnnieiil, all the heads of families, forty- one in nniiilier, solemnly Net their names. An cleelioii was held ill which all had im cipial voice, and .loll II Ciirver was unarimonsly chosen ^'overiiorof ll.i)(!ol()iiy. — Uidi'ath'h U. S., cli. 7, |t. IM. 'W50. PEOVIDENCE.Olftiof. F'X-nif,». "Did you never retlect williin yourself," says Hoose."' " V'oii aro in the; riiiflit ; and fur this wi! oujrht to render them conlinued praises and tlianlisirivini^. Tliey liav(M»rdained tliattli(! sun, tliat lirii^dit and luminous slur, should preside over tlio day to distiiu^uish its dillerenl jiarts, and tliat its li,i;ht should servu not only to dis- cover tho wonders of nature, but to dispense! over every part lifo and lieat ; and at tlie saiiui timo they liavo commanded tli(! moon and stars to illumino tlic uii^lil, which of itself is dark and oliHcure. Is there anylhini? more worthy of ad- miration tliaii this variety and vicissitud:' of day and nij^lit, of liiiht and darkness, of labor and rest; and all this for tlio convenience and f^ooil of man V" HocTates enuinerat(!S in like manner the intlnito advantii,£i;(!S wo receive from liro and water for tlm necessaries of life. . . . "All the.so thiiifjs," .said Eutliydemus, "m.ik(! mo doubt whetlier tlui^ods have any other employ- ment than to shower down their (j:ifls and liene- flta upon mankind." — IIollin'h Hist., Hook 9, ch. 4. g 4. 4551. PROVIDENCE In Hiatory. Ji<:if/>i of Jdiacs ir. I See No. 45.")S. I Thci;d judgment of God. Not only was the King of lOngland, as lie had ever lieeii, Rtupid and ])erverse, but even the counsel of the politic King of France was turned into foolisli- ncss. Whatever wisdom and energy could do, W'lllliim did. Tliom< obMtacle<4 wlilcli no wUdom or encri^y could ha>e overcome, IiIh ciieriilL'i thenisclveM Ntudioiisly removed, . , , l.oiiis. by two oiiposlti! errors, raised ai^aiiiNt liiiiiMcIf at Miiro llie resentment of both the reli>fioiis iiarlieit .M tweeii which Wesiern Miiropi" was divided. Ilavinif alienated one ^rreat Hcction ofi hiisten- doin by iierHi'cutIng the lliiiriienols, lie alienated another liy insulting the Holy Hee. Tliesr faiiltH he cotnmitled at n coii|uiicliire at w hicli no fault (iiuldbo <'ommitled \\llli impunity, and under the eye of an opponent second in viirilan. e, mi- L'acity, and eiiiTgy to no stiiteMman whose mem- ory history lias preserved. William saw with slerii delight his ailversiirics lolling to cli'ar awav obstiulo iifti'r olisiade from his palli. While they raised against thenisclveH the cn- milyof all sects, lie labored to concilialeiill, Tho great design which he mediialed he wiili exipil- sile skill presented to dilTeri'tit governineiits In dilTereiit liglils ; and it must lu' added that, though these liiihts were dilTerent, none of Iheiii was false. — .M.vi'AiM-.vv's Kno., ch. 1), p. HHl, KM. tliu ]{ev. liarnabas Shiiw went from PnOVIDENCE-PROWESS. fi30 EnulAnd n« n nitMHtonnry to Hio Afrti-nnN. Ar rising at ( 'ik|i<< Town, I lie >;iivi'tiiiii<'nt |>riililliltr<| \i\h liiIiorliiK tlicrc, iiiid with liU ilrvolid wife Im Ntnrtctl fur llio hi'ttlluii trilNM In (hi! liiti-rlor. \ wit^iiii iiiiil V('ri< tliriruiiitlt, 1111(1 lint know- in^ wliiilici' llicy went ttuy (iiiitlniit'd lliiir wcury Joiii'iii'v , iiiiirs 1)11 tint rvciiin^ of tlio twL'iily Mcviiiiri day lli'y nut ti party of llotlcii- tolM, liccDiiipiiiiii'd liy II t'liicf, wild i'ii('aiii|M'd mar tlit'in. Mliiivv i inniniiiiiriitcd wlili tluni, and to IiIm Niirprlxo learned that, liiivln^ lieard of IIhi "(lieat Word, " llie chief wan Kohi^ to Ciipi'Towii to Meek II ChriNliaii intNNioniirv for hii |Mto|)h>. lie ha t already travelled two liiiiidred ndleM, and lliero went yet nearly thre- liiindred iM'fore he eoiild reiieli ('ape Town, wlieni it wiiH ciTtain lid could olitalii no iireaclier. . . , llail oitlicr party Htiirted hut half an hour earlier on ItH Journey they must htivit missed each oilier. — Htkvknh' .Mktiiodihm, vol. !t. J). Hti:i. 4aAA. PROVIDENCE, Protecting. Wi/liomof Oriinr/fi. | Ity soljeilatioii of I'roiestanlM lie In- viided Kn^daiid. I 'Plio iliseniliarkalion had hard- ly been elTei ted when the wind ro->o iiij:ain, and Hwelled into ii llerce jjaio from the west. Tlio nu'iny |nnder .lames IF.], coming; In jmrMiit down tlu) Channel, liiid lieeii Htopped ]iy tint Haiiio chiin^u of went her whii h enalileij William to land. DnrliiLC twixlays Hut kin^r's licet lay onnn unrullieii sen in wi^dit of Hiik liy Head. .\l, 1cii;;tii|AdmlnilJ Dart mouth wasiiliki to proceed. lU'. piLSHcd tho IsU) of Wight, and ono of his HhipH ciuiu) In Might of tho Duti h topmasts in Torlmy. .Inst at this moment hi^ ua.s encoun- tered hy the tempest, and compelleil to tako shelter in tlu; harbor of I'orlsniouth. . . . 'i'hn weather had inileed served tlaj I'rotestant cause so well that some men of more piety than judg- ment fully lielieved the ordinary laws of nature to have heen suspended for the preservtilion of llip litierty and religion of England. Exactly ii hundred years hefon>, tliey wild, tlu; Armiidft, in- vincilihihy man, had hecn scattered by the wrath of (Jod. Civil freedom and dixino truth were again in jeopardy ; and again the obedient cle- menl.s had fought for the good cause. The wind had lilown strong from the cast while the prince wished to .sail ilown the Channel, had turned to the south when he wished to enter Torbay, had Hunk to u calm during the disembarkation, and, lus soon a.s tho disembarkation was comiileted, had riseu to a siorm, and liad met tho pursu- VTH in tho face. (See ISO. iHd'i.] — Macaui.ay'b Eno., oh. y, p. 417. 4A56. FBOTIDENCE, Special. Prfsrri'fttion. Richard Roddii, ii Cornish miner, was saved from fludden death while on his knees in prayer. He had knelt but about two minutes when the earth gave way above liim ; a large .stone fell befoni him and roaclied above; Iiis head ; miotherfellat biH right hand, and a third on his left, each, like the first, being higher than liimself ; a fourth fell upon these about, four inches above him, and sheltered him. Had lie bi'en in any other post- ure he would have beiin crushed. — Stkvknh' MKrnoDis.>f, vol. 2, p. 148. -1557. PBOVIDENCE, Submission to. Sorratiti. lie cites an e.vcellent jirayer, from a poet whose name has not come down to us : *'(}reat Ood, give us, we beseech thee, those good things of which wo stand in need, wliethcr we crave them or not ; and remove from iim all thoM> which nnty be hurtful to us, even though we implore thetil of Thee. "--Koi.l,IN'« lIlHT., vol. I, llook t), ch. 4, p. '.m. MUn. P10VIDE5CE, Tnut In. II7///W/;. , /•i//<.-rt tif Oniii;/i\ A^ the time of nlrlkiiig the great blow tirew near, the anxiety of William becamo Intense, Kroin common eyes lii-< feelings wero concealed by the icy tranipiillits of his demean- or ; but his wliolo heart was open to lleiiiiiK k. The preparations wen; not iiulle complete. Tlni disijrn was alreadv suspected, and coulil not lon>^ be cnncealed. 'I he King of I'Valice or the city of Amstenlam might Ntlll friisliale the wholo iilaii. If l.ouis were to send a great force into Itrabant, If the faction which hated the stadt- holder were to rals<' Its head, all w. is over. " .My sullerlngs, my disquiet," tho prince wrote, " aro ilreadful. 1 hardly hi'o my way. Never In any life did I HO much fi'cl the need of (Jod's guiil- aiici'."— [See No. -l.'irM. ] Macai'I.av'h Knu., ch. 0, p. 412. 4AA9. . Ahnihaiti. T.inroln. I Fare- well aildress tohis neighbors at Mprlngtielil. HI., Eebruiiry U, iMdO. lie was soon to be inaugu- rated over a broken Union.] My Friends ; No one not in my |iosilioncan a|ipreciate thi> sadnen.le, which far Kiirpas.ses the ancitjnt glories of the Capitol, has lieen since erected hy the Chris- tian pontilTs, who, deriving their claim of uni- versal dominion from an liumble flshernnin of (Jalilee, have succeeded to the throne of tho Cu'sars, given laws to the barbarian coniiuerors of Home, and extended their spiritual jurisdic- tion from tho coast of the Haltie to the sliores of the Paeitie Ocean. — (JiiutoN's Homk, ch. 1, p. 18. 4561. PROWESS, Military. TJwna;; General Bclmtrinn. At the head of one thousand hor.se, the H(mian general sallied from the P^laminiaii gate to mark the ground of an advantageous po- silion, and to survey tlie camp of the baiba- riaiis ; but while he still believed tlicin on the other side of the Tiber, he was suddenjy en- compassed and a.s.saulted by their numerous squadrons. The fate of Italy depended on his life ; and the deserters pointed to the eouspicu- m 54(t rLLrn-PLNISILMENT. iV t oils Ikiisc.ii l)iiy, with a wliitii fare, wliicli he nidc III! that, iiiciiioraljltMla^ . " Aitii at the Imy liorsc," \va.s llic universal cry. Every l)i)W was licnt, ('Very javelin was diree'ied against tlial I'a- lal <)l)ji'ct. and the comiiiaiid was reijcaled and oheycd l)y llioiisands who were ii^nioraiil of its real motive. The holder haihariaiis advaiKcd to the more lioiioralile eomhat of swords and spears; and the praise of an enemy has graced fill 'all of Visandus, the s.andani hearer, who maintained his foiv losl station, till he was j)iereed with thirteen woniids, perhaps hy tln^ iiaiid of lielisarius himself. 'I'iie Kornaii jren- oral was Strom;-, active, anil dexterous ; on ever\' side he di.schar;j;e(i his weiiility and mortal stroUcs; his faithful laniards imitated his valor, imd defended his person ; and the Oolhs, .aflei' llie loss of a, thousand men, tied hefoic the arms of a iiero, 'rii(y were rashly pursued to their camp ; and the Romans, oppressed liy inulli- tiides. inad(! a gradual, and at len^^th iipreeijii- tate retreat to the ijates of the city; thcf^ales were shut ajr.'iiusl liie fuurilives ; and the puhlie terror was increa.sed hy the; re|)ort that Heljsii- rius was slain. Hiscounlenanee was indeed dis- liijured hy sweat, dust, and hlood ; his voice was hoarse, his stren^^tli was almost, e.xliausled ; but his uiicoiKiueralile sjjirit still remained ; he imi>arted that spirit to his despoiidimr eompaii- ions ; 'md their last des|)erat(! charge was fell hy the llyim;- harharians, as if a new army, vigor- ous ,ind entile, had been poured from "llie city. The Flaminian gate was thrown open to a real (riuin|>h, . . . 'V\h' exami)l(^ of Heli.sarlus may be added to the rare examples of llc'ery IV'., of Pvrrims, and oi Alexander, — Giuho.n's IIo.mk, v(\. 11, p, Kil, 45<>'2. PULPIT, Conservatism of the. Politirn. I In Ki'Jt), in the great contests between I'arlia- nient and (Mnirlcs I.,] the ])ri'tensioiis of th(^ *\. t: \ PUNISHMENT ineffective, Capital. //((//■,,/ii/. [In l.')i)!) tliell was punished by hani.;- inv; ; thieves wcri; often hun^^ twenty to;,'ethcr upon one ^allows ; neverthcliss thieves were in every plac(\ A traveller lia.s recorded that] peoi)lo are tal.■);{, 1570. PUNISHMENT of the Innocent. f/u'i,a. 'I'hci'e is nolhinn' more barbarous in the pro.secn- tlon of crimes in China than that custom, bor- rowed from the Scythians, by which all the re- lations of a crinunal, to tin ninth degree, ari^ sub- jected to the sal"." ]iunislunenl as the olTender lumself. 'I'hc h,.sban 1 sullers for the f,ndlt of his wife, the father for that of In.s children. Where the falhei- is dead, the eldest .son is re- sponsible forall the younu^er, and each for lach. 'rvri.Kii's Hist,, Hook (J, eh. :24, p. ;5-t7. •1571. . (niildirn. The intluence of the eunuch Eulropius was unbounded with [Arcadins] his sovereii;n ; but thouudi courleil. as we may su|)i)ose, like all other minisiers, by the parasites of tlu- court, he was deservedly de- tested by the people. .V striking monument of his fears from the popular odium, and the appre- hension of undergoing that fate which he merit- ed, appears in that most siuiguinary of the Ito- man statutes, the law of Arcadins and Honorius, for the i)unishmenl of those who should conspire the death of the emperor's nuiusters. A eapital punisiiment was inllicled on the olVender Jiim .self ; ills declared that his children shidi be per- petually infamous, incapable of all inheritance, of all oHice or em|)loyment ; that they shall lan- guish in want and nd'sery, so that life" itself shall be a punisiiment to them, and death a consola- tion. — Tv ri.Kits Hisr., Hook 5, eh. 5, p. 14. •Lira. PUNISHMENT in Tind. T/khoik. [The- .s(!us, the founder of Attica,) ])Ul a period to the cruelties of Damastes, surnamed I'rocrustes, making his body lit the ni/.c of his own beds, as he had served strangers. Thesi' things- he did in imitation of Hercules, who .always returned iipo/i the aggressors tin; same; sort of Ireatmenl which they intended for him ; for that hero .sacrilieed liiisiris, kilh'd Antivus in wreslling. Cygmis in single combat, luid brck" the skull of Termcrus, whence this is called the 'I'ermerian nuschief ; for Termcrus, it seems, destroyed the pas,sengers he met, by dashing his head against theirs. 'I'hns Theseus pursm'il his travels to punish abandoned wretches, who sulTered the same kind of death from him thai they iidlicled on others. — Pi.t- T.\ii(ii's Tiii;sKcs. ta^'i. PUNISHMENT, Parental. Li/t/irr. The l)arents reai'cd their .son Mar'ni in the fear of (}od and in the love of good works. Hut their di.sci- l)line was strict and severe, asthey themselves en- dured hard toil in gaining a livelihood. •' My fiitlier," relates Luther, " on one occiisiou Hogged me so severely that I ran awav, and was embit- tered against him until he gracltially regained my all'ections. ( )n another occasion inymolher. be ( anse of a mere luH, whi|i|)ed me so hard thai 'Ik; blood Mowed. Hei' severe and earntsi Irealmcnl of me led me to enter a cloisU'r and become a, monk. IJut in their hearts they meant it well witli me, and made but one nuslake, in that they did not discern the dilVerent disposilionsaccording to which all |)nnishments should be adnurnslered. Koi- \,(' ought to punish so that the a|i|>le go hand in hand with the rod." — Kioi.n's JiiTHi:i{, ( h. )i, p. 1!). 1571. PUNISHMENT, Partiality in. RmiKtn^. The malefactors who replenish our jails are iIki oulcastsof society, and thecrimes lor w liich they .sutler may be commonly ascribed to ignorance, poverty, and brntid appclit<'. For the perpetra- tion of sinnlar enornntics, a vile plebeian nught ! claim and abuse the sacred character of a mem- j ber of the republic ; but, on the proof or suspi- cion of guilt, the slave or the stranger was nailed ! to across; and this strict and summary justieu ! nught be exercisec' without restraint over the I greatest part of the populace of Home. — Uin- i noNs Ko.Mi.;, eh. 44, ]). \Vi'.\. ! '1575. PUNISHMENT, Retaliation in. IV.w- I (I'ltlin. The Visigoth code provides that for every j oll'ence for whi^h there is not a special slalutory I punishment the ikviki iii/icii/.f slKudd lake jilaec^ It was a very ample e.vtension of this retaliation, that he who wilfully set fire to a house was burnt hinistlf. If a judge, corrupted by bribery, con- denuied an innocent man !o imnishment, he suf- fered the lik(! i)unishmenl him.self.— 'I'vi i,i:ii's Hist., Hook 5, eh. 7, p. 45. 'I57«. PUNISHMENT, Rule of. lio„uia /.air. A sin, a vice, a crime, are the objects of theology, ethics, and jurisprudence. Whenever their judg- ments agree, they corroborate each other ; but a.s fte- ;is they (lifTi'r a prudent legislator ajipie- ciates the guilt and )tunishment according to tin; measure of social injury. On this ]irinciple tin; most daring attack on the life and jiroperty of a jirivate citizen is judged less atrocious than tlu; crime of tteason or rebellion which invades thu iiiiijruti/ i'i the re])ublic. — (InuioNs Komi;, eh, 44, p. i{77. 4577. PUNISHMENT necessary, Severe. < 'ivia- inlL [Cromwell jnstitied the lerrilile and w holc- . .de slaughter of the royalists at Drogheda and NVexfoni by stating that it would prevent the ef- fusion of Idood in the future. An enlightened and truly pio\is iniiuster writes of this Irish cam- paign :| ■' For nine years a most insam wai' ban been raging. Cromwell, by nuTciftd severity, concludes it in tune months." — Kniout's Fmi , vol, 4, eh. S, p. 1'j:i, 457*. PUNISHMENT, Severity in. llnmaii. h'l/i/xr'ir Anftliiiii. A single instance will servo to display tlu^ rig. r and t'ven cruelty of Aurt:- lian. One of the soldiers had seduced the wifu of his liost. 'I"he guilty wretch was fasteiad to two trees forcibly draw n toward each othci-, and his liml)S were torn asunder by their sudden .sep- aration. A few such examples impressed a .sal- utary consternation. The punishments of Aure- lian were terrible, but he had seldom occasion to j)unish more than once the same offence. — Giii- uon'b Rome, eh. 11, p. 340. 'A-i PUNISIIMKNT— QUAC'KEliY. m ; ■ISrO. PUNISHMENT, Terrible, /ii/ Vqu-rH. [Ill puiiisliinciil for sedition, the Uoiiiiiiis shut iii)l one {'jiiiis liilliiiH in ;i ciisk witli xipcrs iinil other serpents, iinti left iiini to perish in tlnit cruel nmnner. — Pi, rr Mien's 'liiiinuis OnAccms, 'I5M0. FUROATORY, Compensations in. Mo- hitmditn. Tile nood and evil ot' cMch .Mussiil niiin will he aeeuriilel v weitclied in ii real oral U'lforical halaiiee ; and a singular mode of coin- lieiisatioii will lir allowed for the payment, of in juries : the aLf^ressoi' will refund an e(piivalent (if his own .!j:oo(1 jflions, for the heiietil of the person whom he lias wronii-ed ; and if lie should lie destitute of any moral property, the weii^hl of his sins will be loaded with an adequate share e last jire martyrs, and tire there- fore |ireseiveil from hell ; but iiiiis;, i li as they ' li;ive disolieyed their p.-u'cnts commands, are not deemed worllcvof he;i\-en. — Am. ' 'v< I.oi'kdi.v, ' " At, Ait.M-. " [ 15S2. PURITAN, Description of, H.i.jlish. \ 'Yhv extreme I'uiiian wasal on-c known from , other men by his n'ait, his ^;arb, his lank hair, i the sour solemnity of his face, 'he up'urned ' while of liis ey<'s, the nasal twinuj; with which lie spok", and, above all, i y his p ■, uliai dialect. He employed on every occ,'isio,i the iinai,fery ' and style of Scri|)ture. i lebraf-ms violently, introduced into the !']iu;lish lai.ruam', . . , and . ;il)|ilie(l to the cominoii concerns of Kmilish life, wi're the nio ! --trikinM- peculiarities of lliis cant, i which moNc'd, n, : wiihoiit cause, thi' derision both (if prcl.iiisis and libertines. — M.\c.vri,.\v's j .IOn(... ( !i. 1 , ji. 7t!. ■|.»n;{. PURITANISM vs. Chivalry. .\nr Eniii)i- mill. [lie is better known as Rumford, the Yaidcee count, who became distinguished for his elTorts in behalf of the; poor.) 1I(! con- tractcil an unfortunate marriage with a brill- iant wealthy French widow, which embitter- ed his closing years. She was wlioUv a woman of the drawing-room. Ih; was an inventor, a l)hil()soiiher, and a lover of order even to fanati- cism. An infuriate " incompatibility" was raj)- idly develoi)ed. One of their (piarrels he has himself recorded : " A large jiarty had been in- vited I neither liked nor api)rove(l of, and invit- ed for the sole purjiose of vexing ine. Our house (near Paris) was in the centre of the gar- den, walled aro\in(i, with iron gates. 1 put on my hilt, walked down to the porter's lodge, and g:r ' him orders, on his jieril, not to let an}' one in. jlesides, I took away the keys. Madame went down, and when the company arrived slie talked with them — she on one side, they on the other, of the' high brick wall. After that she goes iind ])ours boiling water on some of my beautiful (lowers." — ■ CvcLOPEDi.\ ok Bioo., p. (ir)!). 15i>l. QUARREL, Degrading. Mtltoiin. Poets :uid ai'tisis, more susceptible than practical men, seem to live a life of jierpetual wrangle, . . . Ben .lonson, Dryden, Pope, Voltaire, llousscau, be- labor their enemies, and we see nothing incon- gruous in tlieir doing so. It is not .so wlien the awful majesty of Jlilton descends from the em- pyrean throne of contemiilation U) use the lan- guage of the gutter or the fish markrt. The l)atlios is unthinkidile. The universal intellect of Bacon shrank to llu.' paltry pursuit of jilace. The disproportion ix'tween the intellectual ca- paciousness and the moral aim jars u[ii'n the seii.se of tiliiess, and the name of Bacon, wi.sest, meanest, has passed into a proverb. Milton's fall is far worse. It is not here a union of grasj) of mind with an ignoble ambition, but the plunge of the moral n.'iture it.self from the higliest heights to that despicable region of vulgar .scurrility and libel which is below the level of average gentility and education. The name of Milton is a .sy. .onym u m 1 4 1 1 1 5 ! vlH i;i IS i 1 r. 1 »| ['! i 1 M\ Qr.VRREL— RACE. for aultliinity. lie liiis endowed our lanjiuiiRO with the loftiest jind iiolilent jioctry it poss> shch, Mtid liie Slime man is found eiuployiuj^ speech lor the most uiiworlliy purpose to wiiicii it cmm lie put, tliiit of defiimiiii;- and \ ilifyin,!j: a jxTson- id enemy, and an eiuiuy so mean that barely to have been mentioneil hy Milton h.ad heeti an iion- or to him. | i le defamed Mollis, 11 ])am))hleteer. ] — Mii.ToN, iiv M. I'.\ri iso.N, eh. 10. •Ii>«.'». QUARREL, A needless. J>a,l. IHe- tvveen ComiiKidores l)e(alurand Barron. ) The word lieiiiLC Lciveti, they tired .so e.xaclly tou:ether that it sounded like tlie rejuirt of one jiistol. Harron fell, badly wounded. Decatur wa.s about 1'> !all, but was ciiiiuht, and staLTirered for- ward u few steps, anil sunk down close to Har- ron ; and, as they lay on the ground, both e.\- jiectinj^ to die, they conveised together as fol- lows, as near as could be collecled : " f^et us," .said Harron, " make friends before we meet in heaven. Everythini; has been conducted in the most h()noral)le manner, and 1 fori,dv(( you from the bottom of my heart." " I have never been your enemy," Decatur replied, "and I freely forgive you my death, thouiji;!! I cannot fortfivV' those who stimulated you to seek my life." "Would to God," said" IJarron, " that you had Paid as mucli yesterda}' !" According to one witness, Decatur added: " God bless you, Har- ron," To which Harron rei)lied, " (lod bless you. Decatur." [Decatur dicfl and Harron sur- vived. | — C"yci,i:i>ia of Hkk;., p. !);{. 'I596. QUARREL provoked. SiimiidJo/iuso/i. When my mother li\cd in London, there were two sets of j)eople, those who gave the wall, and those who took it — tlu; jieaceabh! and the (luarrelsome. When I returned to Lichfield, after having been in London, my mother asked mo whether I was one of those who gave; the Avail, or those who took it. y»ir, it is fixed that every m,an keeps to the right ; or, if one is tak- ing the wall, another yields it ; and it is never a dispute. — I}()swi;i.i,'s*JoiiNso\, p. 25. 4597. QUARREL. Shameful. Fredi-rick the Girdt. [Voltaire was greedy. Frederick was parsimonious. Voltaire was his chosen friend and guest.] It is hiuniliating to relate that the great warrior and statesmai; gave orders that his guest's allowa'i;;- ;,r sugar and chocolate should be curtailed. It is, if possible, a still more hu- miliating fact that Voltaire indemnified him- self by iiocketiiiir the wa\ candles in the royal antechamber. — >Lvc'.\i:r-.vv'8 FiiicuKuit iv Tin-: Gki;.vt. 459». QUESTIONS, Test. Alexaruhir'H. In the course of [one of his Persian , expeditions he took ten of the (ri/mnomtji/iiKts, who had beep jirincipiJIy concerned in instigating Habbas to revolt V.S these ten were reckoned the most acute .and cincise in theii ,ui^. :•■••<. he jiiit the most dilHculi questions to them that could 1 ■ thought of, ail 1 at the same time declared he would put the firs' person that answered wrong to death, and after 1 im all the rest. The oldest man aiuong them -vas to be the judir . He de manded of the first which \\ere most numer- ous, the living or the dead. lie answered, "The living, for the dead no longer exist." The second was asked whether the earth or tiie se.a produced the largest animals. l](> .answered, " Tho earth, for the sea is jtart of it," Tlu; third, wliich is the craftiest of all nnimals. " That," said he, " with which man is not yet aciiuainted." Tlie fourth, what was Ids reason for persuading Sabi)as to revolt. " Hecause," .s.iid he, " I wished him either to live with honor or to die as a coward deserves." 'I'lie ti!'t(i' had this (|ueslion put to him, " Which do \i,a think oldest, the day or the night?" Ilean- swered, " The dav. by one day." As the king apjieared surprised at this solution, the philoso- pher told him abstruse ((iiestions must have abstruse answers. Tin ?i addressing himself to the sixth, he demanded, " What are the best means for a man to maki; himself loved ?" Ilo answered, "If pos.sessed of great jiower, do not make yourself feared." 'i'he seventh was asked how a man migiit become a god. He answered, " Hy doing what is iin|)o.ssible for man to do.' The eighth, " Which is strongest, life or death V" " Life," said he, " because it bears so many- evils." The last yuestion that lie i)Ut wa.s, " How long is it good for a man to live V" " As long," said the iihilosopher, "as he does* not iirefer death to life. " Then turning to the judge, he ordered him to give sentence. The old man said, " In my opinion tliey have all an- swered one worse than another." " If this is thy judgment," said Alexander, " thou shall die first." " No," replied the philosopher, " not ex- cei)t you choo.se to break your word ; for you declared the man that answered worst .should first sulTer." — Pi.tr.vuni's AM':x.vndeu. 4599. QUESTION, Unanswered. Simonides. The answer he gave; ii i)rince who asked him what God was is nuich celebrated. That prince was lliero, King of Syracuse. The [loet desired a day to consider \.\w (piestion proposed to him. On the morrow he asked two days; i.nd when- ever he was called upon for his answer, he still doubled the time. Tlie king, surprised at this, behavior, demanded his reason for it. " It is," rc- ])lied Simonides, " because; the more I consider the (piestion, the more obscure it seems. Quia q'unito di'iitiuH CDiixidtro, tdiito mihi rctt tidetur tilKtciirior." — Roi.i.in's IlrsT., Book 5, art. 9. 4000. RACE, Antipathy of. Rckin of Jamen TT. [Roman (Catholic troops from Ireland were brought into England to aid the king in the overthrow of the Protestant faith.] Neither [English] oflicers nor soldiers were dispo.sed to l)ear patiently the preference shown by their master to a foreign and a subject race. The Duke of Berwick, who was colonel of the Plight 'i Regiment of the Line, then (juartered at Ports- mouth, gave orders that thirty men, just arrived from Ireland, should be enlisted. TIk' English soldiers ileclared that they would not serv with these intruders. John Beaumont, the lieutenant- colonel, in his own name and in the name of five of the captains, ])rotested to the duke's face against this insult to the English army and na- tion. " We raised the regiment," he said, " at our own charges, to defend his .Majesty's crown ill time of diuiger. We had then nodiiliculty in l.rociiringhunilredsof English recruits. We can easily keep eveiy company full without admit- ting Irishmei- '"'.'•: *iur fore do not think it consistent "iili (H.r . :•".; i ;,ive these strangers forced ()•; •.■,:- i mi '.•<■ !■(- : M-. A'c may either bo ])eriiutteil u< CO :. .uid lii.'!' ,:*' 'ir own nation, or ■• iay d.: a •: ,,:;r :Mia>,; .sir is." Berwick RACE-RAILWAYS. 545 sent, to Windsor for directions. Tlic king, groiitly exasiK'nitcd, instantly iicsputcluid ii troop of horse to Portsnioiitii witli orders to lirlng tlio six rcfnu'tory odlcers before lilni. Tliey reiused to nnilie any s\il)niission, and tiiey were sen- tenced to he casliiered, tlie higliest punislinient tliataconrt-niarliiil wastiien competent tointlict. Tlie wiiol(( nutioii ai)piauded the disgraced olll- cers.— MACAn.AYs Eno., ch. 9, p. Hi)7. 4601. BACE, Dislike of. Sttmmi Johimm. [lie was fond of ridiculing Scotclinien.] Il(! would not allow Scotland to derive any credit from Lord Manslield, for he; was educated in England. " .Much," said he, " may l»eniad(M)f a Scoichman, if he he r^n/,/iiix»ii. [He bad undertaken to complete bis dictionary in three years.] Ada.ms : " But, sir, how can you do this in tliree years V" .Ioiinson : " Sir, I have no doubt that 1 can do it in three years." Ada.ms : "But the French Academy, which consist.'', of forty members, took forty yi.irs to compile their dictionary." .Johnson; " Sir, thus it is. This is the proi)ortion. Let me see ; forty times forty is .sixteen hundred. As three to 'sixteen linn common between tlie England to wliich John hud iK'en diused bv Philip Augustus and the England from which tlie armies of Edward IIL went forth to coiuiuer Frimce. — Macaulay's Eno,, ch. 1, p. 17. 4606. RACES, Inequality of. Celts— Saxoim. There could not lie e(piality lietween men who lived in liouses and men wlio lived in sties, be- tween ini'ii wlio were fed o.i iiread and men who were fed on jiotatoes, between men who spoke tlu^ noble tongue of great philosophers and poets and men who, with a perverted i)ride, boasted tliat they could not writhe tlieir mouths into chat- tering such a .jargon as that in wliicli the; " Ad- vancemenl of Learning" and the " Paradiso Lost " were written. — Macaii.ay'h Eno., ch. ii, p. 12.1. 4609'. RAID, Successful. (Iintntl Sroncvian. While these great and decisive events were tak- ing place in the Carolinas, the famous cavalry raid of (Jeneral Stoiieman was in progress. About the middle of March be set out from Knoxville with a force of six tbousaiKi men, crossed tlin mountains, captured Wilkeshoro, and forced his way aci'oss the Yadkin at .laiiesville, . . . tho general object being the destruction of public ])roperty, the (aptuic of Confederate stores, and the tearing up of railroads. Turning to tlic north, the troopers traversed tlie western end of North (,'aroliiia, and entered ( 'arroll County, Vir- ginia. At Wytbeville the railroad was torn ui>, and then the whole line was destroyed from tlie bridgi! over New Itivcr to within four miles of LyiK liburg. Chrisiianshurg was cai)lured, and the track of the railway obliterated for ninety miles. Turning first to Jacksonville and then southward, the ex|)e(liti()n next struck and de- stroyed the North Carolina Railroad l)etween Danville and Greensboro. . . . Afte.r a tight with Ferguson's Confederate cavalry, the Fed- erals turned back to Dallas, where all the divi- sions were concentrated, and tho raid was at an end. During the ])rogress of the expedition six thousand prisoners, forty-six pieces of artillery, and immense (|uanlities of small arms had fallen propiirtfon of an Engl'ishVnan to a i '"•'> "'•' '"""•'* "'" '"^tDiieman's men ; the amount -Boswkli.'h Johnson, p. 47. tired, so iy the Frenchman. ■- 4604. RACE ridiculed, Samuel Johnxon. Mr. Arthur Lee mentioned som(! Scotch who had taken i)ossession of a barren part of America, and wondered why they should ihoose it. John- son : " Why, sir, all harrcnucss is comparative. 'I'lie Srr>fi-h would not know it to be barren." l^oswKi.i, : " Come, come, he is llatleriiig tin,' En'^lisli. You have now been in Scotland, sir, and say if you did not see meat and drink enough there." Johnson: "Why yes, sir ; meat and drink enougli to give the inhabitant.-! sufticicnt slreiiLrth to run away from home," All these ipiick and li\-ely sallies were said sjiortively, (luitein jest. — Boswki-i.'s J()HNr;oN,p. ;ill. 1605. RACES, Amalgamation of. it'nvt Jin't- iiiii. Early in the fourteenth century the amal- gamation of the races was all hut complete ; .Old it was soon made manifest by signs not to !)*■ mistaken, that a peoi)le inferior to none exist- iiiii ill the world had lieen formed I)y the mix- ture of three branches of tho great '{"eutonic family with each other and witli tlio al'original Britons. Tliore was indeed scarcely anything in of property destroyed and tlie damage otherwise; done to tho tottrring Confederacy could not bo estimated. — Kini-ATii's U. S., ch. 66, p. 5130. 460N. RAILWAY, The first. InEmjland. On tho 1.1th of September [ls:i()] the lirst railway for tho conveyance of i)assengers was opened, the carriages being drawn liy a locomotive en- gine, at th(! speecl of a race-horse. — Knight's Eno., vol. 8, ch. 14, y>. '-Ms. 4609. RAILWAYS, Slow. Sl,„r,f than Ca- naln. [In \H2') it was stated in the House of Com- monhthat] tlie exi)eriment of conveying goods on a railway had been tried, and bad completely failed. The best locomotive! engine that could be found had been .selected ; and the average rate on a i)laiie surface was not three miles and tliree (juarters jier hour, wliich was slower tlian canal convevanco. — Knkiht's Eno., vol. 8, ch. 14, p. 2'>H. 4610. RAILWAYS underestimateri. FJngland. [Before a committee of the House of Commons] Telford a.'d otiiers expressed an oi)inion tliat with tlio improvement of the locomotive the speed upon a railway might be fiftecu miles, and m 046 RAIMENT-REACTION. f; ;!! i r ■ ■ '1 , ■!>' s ,« i ■ :: ■ i ■ 1 ifif t'vcii twenty tiiilcsiiii hour. Tlu'sc opinions were ciillccl " liic trroMs '■.Miiriicnilif)!!^ of llic powcrsot' tlic liic()iM()liv<' Miciini ('iii,nii{. ;" luid il was con- ( tended liiat even it' siieli ii s|)e('d eoidd he at- ! taine(l, III'' daiiLi'eiNot' ImrsliiiLf i)(>ilcrsan(l linilien wli('el>< would lie so tfrcal llial we should as soon e.speel thai " people would as soon sulTer , tlieniselves lo lielircdoir upon one of Contrreve's rieoehel rockets as l(» trust tlieniselves to the ' nierev of siieli a machine ^^roin^r at such a rale." ' ..." As lo those persons wlio s|)eculale on ! niakiiif^ railways u'eneral Ihrouudiout llie kin;.'-- | (join, and supersediiii;- all the canals, all tlu^ wag- ons, mail and stau'e coaelies, p to Italy, and was wrecked near .\(|uileia. 'I nee, . . .'pullingona pilgrim'sdis- gnise, he i 'Ived to make his wav. on fool, lhrout:h (Jei mv. He was discovered, however, at Vienna, In [lipoid, Dnke of Austria, and thrown into ]irisoii by the command of the em- pei'or, Henry \'l. No sooner was Uichard's situation known to his subjects, than they vied with each other in contributions for his ransom, which was lixed at an exorbitant sum by I he em- peror, and opposed with every artilice of the meanest iiolicy by tin; king of France!. His brother John, likewise, who in his absence had en(lea\-ored to usurp the government of Eng- land, is said to have iiad a conference with I'hilip, in which thc^ ])crpetual caiilivily of Hichanl was agreed upon, while Ik^ him.self w, is lo be secured njion \\\<' English tiirone. These cabals, liow- ever, were unsuccessful. Hiehard obtained his liberty on payment of a ransom I'ciual lo about .tliOd.boO sterling, which his subjects levied hy llie cheerfid contributions of all ranks of tlu^ Slate. On his return lo his dominions he was received with the utmost transports of delight and .satisfaction. Hichai'd had given his sub- jects no real cause of alfeclion toward him ; iluring 11 reign of ten years lie was hut four nionlhs in the kingdom ; but il is the disposition of the English lo revere heroism and to com- miserate misfortune. His traitorous Iirolher, after some submission, was received into fiivor. — TvTi.i-.u's Hisr.. Hook (i. ch. 8, p. 115. 46l»1. RAPACITY, Royal. lIinrylTT. He sent t'./rtli iiupiisilors of the forests, who not only ruined all Ihosc' who had encroached uiion tho forest borders, but also imiioverished many, even those of noble birth, " for a >ingle .small beast, a fawn or hare, although straying in an out-of- the-way place." The Jews, according to the cus- tom of tlicai;c, were lawful l)lunder. and Henry, as regarded them, did not de])art from the pious u.sag(; of his father. Rut he did more than any of his predecessors in the spoil of the Israel- ites, He sold them as he would a farm to his brother Kichard. — KNi(iiiT'.sEN(i.,vol, 1, ( h. '^4, p. ;5(i;]. I61(i. RAP£ .atempted. Joait af Arc. [Soon to be burned by the British.] The iinforlunate prisoner, (les|)oiled of licr man's dress, had much lo fear. Brutality, furious hatred, vengeance, might severally incite the cowards to degrade her before she perished, lo sully what they were about to burn Besides, they might bo tempted to varnish tli(ar infamy liy a i/hhou of .v^^/c, according to the notions of the day — by de- [iriving lierof her virginity, they wduld iindoulit- edly destroy that secret power of which the Eng- lish entertained such great dread, who. perhajis, might recover their courage when they knew that, after all, she was but a woman. According to her confessor, to whom she di\ulged tlic fact, an Englishman, not a common soldiei , but a fioitli iih(i(, )i lord, iiatriotically devoted himself lo this execution, bravely undertook lo violate a girl laden with fetters, and, being unable to ctTect his wishes, rained blows upon her. — ■ Muiiki.kt's Jo.w ok Akc, ]v T^,'^. 4617. REACTION from Excess. Guix.x. [Twelve Inuidred Pio*estants had been butchered 1{KA<;TI()N— KKI}KI,I-I()N. 547 at Ainl)<>i'\' lriiiiii|>h pro- (liK'cu !i ypccdy rciiclion in t'livor of I he pcrscciitcil W'ctiiricM. The niilioii rcLrunlcd llic iiiiiHsucrc with (liMLTiist ; iiiul tile ('iiiviiiisis, instciul of lii'inir ill- tiiiiidiili'd iWid crushed, eoiitiiiiied to^'iiiii u'roiiiid, and loiiilly demanded venireiiiice for tlie blood of their inariyrcd iirelhreii. — S riDiONTs' Kuanci:, eh. I(i, ^ :{'. I«l«*. REACTION, Moral. h',.s/orafi,>i, „f Cliarlis IT. Tile Uesloraliori was a moral calas- troplie. It. was not lliat tlierc; wanted ^ood men amon;; tile I'inirclimen — men as piiais and virlii- ouMastlie I'lirilans whom liiey displaced ; lait till! Royalists came back as the ])arty of reaction — re- action of tlie spirit, of tlu! world airainst asc<'ti- cisni, of self-indul[fence a^rainst duty, of material- ism ai^ainst idealism. For a time virtue was a l)ul)li(' lau,!.fhinjj^ stock, and the word " saint," thi; iiii^iiest e.\|)r('ssion in the lanjfuai^e for moral perfection, coinioted everything; that was ridicu- lous. 1 do not speak of tiie j;allaiUries of \V'hite- liall. . . . 'I'he style of court manners was a mere incident on the surface of social life. "^I'lie nation- al life w.is far more profoundly tainted by thedis- C'ouraijcmcnt of all ijood men, which jx'netrated every shire and every p.arish, than by the distant rei)orts(>f the loose behavior of Charles II. Ser- vility, meanness, venality, time-serving, and a disbelief in virtm- dilVuscd themselves over the nation like a pestilential miasma, the depressing inlluetic(^ of which was heavy, even ujion those .souls which iiidi\idu:dly resisted the [loison. The heroic age of Kngland had ])assed away, not by gradu.'d di'cay, by imperceptible degeneration, but in a year, in a single day, like the winter's snow in Oreuce. — P.\ttih()n's Mii.rox, eh. 12. .|«IJ). . Ilinaof aiuiHiH IT. The theatres were clo.sed [by the Puritans]. The play- ers \\ii\n' Hogged. The ])ress was put under the guardianship of austere licen.sors. The Alu.'fCH were banished frian their favorite haunts. . . . The Restoration eniaiici])atcd tlwaisands of nunds frcan a yoke which had become insupportalilc. The old tight reconuncnccd. I)ul with an animosi- ty altogether new. . . . 'I'lic war between wit and I'uril inism soon became a war between wit and morality. 'I'he hostility excited by a grotescpie caricature of virtue diil not spare virtue herself. — .Macaim.vv's l'].\(i., ch. IJ, i>. ;i71. " 4«!l0. READING, Effects of. Ahnih((in. TAn- ralii. (The books read by the youthful Lincoln wiTc R.amsay's Fafeof Washington, Weems' lalV of Washington, .Esop's Fables, and Runyan's Pilgrim's Progress. It is (piitc prol);d)le that the quaint phraseology of these last two volumes, and tlieir direct and forcilile illustrations, may have impressed uiwn the productions f)f Mr. Lincoln's ])en that style which is one of their most ])ecidiar and favorite characteristics. — Raymond's fjiNcoi.N, ch. I, p. 2'i. 4(i!2l. READING ROOMS necessary, XhjhiIcoh T. He had, w hen a younLi man, [jasscd montlis in Paris without a home, with an empty jjurse. and almost without a friend. He was tlaai in the habit of visiting a small reading-room in iIk^ P;i- lais Royal, where for a few .sous he coidd, in the chilly days of winter, read the daily jouiMials, and enjoy the warmth of a tire. . . . [He became P'irst Consid.] He was afterward urged, as a matter of State policy, to shut up these reading-rooms. To tins lie replied ; " No ; I will never do that ; 1 know too well the com fort of having such a itlace to go to ever to deprive others of the same re- source." — Aiuio'rT'H Nai'oi.kon M.,vo1, l,ch. l(i. 'KW'i. REALITY, Power in, Omminll. It is something striking to corilrasi the t«o men going down to the same House. Charles was a king, and he went to arrest the members and to assert that there was no law in ICngland save his will ; but he went as king Ninniiidl. Cromwell went with no royalty about him, yet he went as king Ileal ; and he, loo, went for the still nioreama/.- ing ])uri)o.se of daring that whole House, and turning it out into the streets. | Ry dissolving Parliament at the head of hissoldiers, |— Hood'k CuoMWKi.i,, ch. Ki, p. 177. 4«a:». REALIZATION, Joys of. ('ohimhu.i. Tin; land was now clearly .seen about two leagues dis- tant, whereu|)on they took in sail and lay to, waiting impatiently for the dawn. The thoughts and feelings of Columbus in this little space of time must have been tunndtnous and intense. At length, in s])il<^ of every dilliculty and dan- ger, he had accom])lislied his object. The great mystery of the ocean was revealed ; his th(M)ry, wliich had been the scolT of sages, was trium- phantly established ; he had secured to hini.sclf a glory durable as the world itself. It is dillicull to conceives tlm feelings of such a man, at such a moment ; or th(^ eoniectures which must have thronged upon his mind, as to the land before him, covered with darkness. — Ikvi.no's CoM'.m- iii's, Rook ;i, ch. 4. 46»i/|. REASON, Worship of. Firnrh Hn-ol,,. timi. During the revolution a beautiful opera girl of licentious habits was conveyed, in most imposing ceremonial, to the eliurch of Notre Dame. There she was elevated ui>on an altar, aiid i)resen1ed to the thronged a.ssemblage asth(3 (joddess of Reason. " Mortals, ' said Cliau- mette, "cease to tremble before the powerles.s tliundersof a god whom your fears have crc.ated ! There is no (lod. Henceforth worshi|) none but Reason. Here I ofTer yoii its noblest and jairest image. Worship only such divinities as this." The whole assemblage bowid in adoration, and then r(;lired to indulge in .scenes which tin; i)en refiis('a to record. — [Foot-not(,' in] Ahuott's Natolkon R., vol. 1, ch. H). '1029. REBELLION, Constructive. ■jinperor Afi(.n'/iiilifut. Ma.ximilian, after the death of lii.s father, was elected em))eror in the year 141*8. This prince, who was an al)le politici.an. laid the fouiKlation (if the permanent greatness of tlie German eni|)irc. by procuring the enactment of that celebratiMl constitutional law, which eslab- lislies a ]jeri)elual peace between the whole of the States conijiosing the (Jermariic body, whicli Stales, Ijcfore that time, had lieen at constant vari- ance u])on every trivial n])[)osilion of in'crests. Thenceforth every such contest was to lie treated as an act of ri'hiUii/ii ivjui i(.-. ]). :27'). 46>2(i. REBELLION prevented. .'i liillowerM, lie was seized and instantly helieiiiled. This example of liarliiirons riirop did not deter Ills siii'cesHor, William, Karl of' Doiiijjlas, from pniseeiilin^^r tin- same and)itioiis |>lans ; and Ills fate was ecpiallv severe, and yel more iinjiis titlalile. In a eoid'erenee willi Mie yoiini; moii nreli he was iciproaelied l»v him with formiin,^ roniieelioiis with the I'aelions nohilily which Were danLL-erous lo Ihe pulilic peace and j^overn- iiieiit of the kini,nlom ; the kinj; recpieslinu; him to dissolve these associations, |)oiii,das peremp- torily refused. "If yon will not," said tlieyoiin^if James|II.|, "t'lisshall ;" and di'awinu,' his daj^ gi'r, he instantly slalilied him to the heart. This iictioii, unworthy of a prince, was uinversally <'ondenuied liv his sulijects. — TvrM'.u's Mist., Book . '.'Itl. KWr. REBELLION, Small. Ithoilr hl,i,Hl. A propo>illou was made lo chantfe the conslilution of Ihe Slate, [under whicli) \\\- rii^ht of sulTraire w;is restricted to those who lu'Id a certain amount of properly. On Ihat issue Ihe people of Rhode Island were nearly unanimous ; hut in res|M(l to the iiiiiiuiir t)f aliro;;alinif Ihe old charier there Was a serious division. One laclion, called Ihe " Law and Order i)arly," |)roeeedini^ in accord iince Willi Ihe former conslitiition, chose Samuel W. Kiiiii' as i^ovcrnor. The other faction, calleil the " SutTra.i!;e party," actinu; in an irrei^ular wav, eleclcd Thomas VV. Dorr. In May oi' ISHMioth parties met and ori^anized their rival ffovcrn- , inents. Tlu! " f>awaiul Orderparly" now under- ' took losui)pr( ss the faction of Dorr. Tlie latter resisicd, and mide an attem|)t lo ca))tur<' tlie State aiseiial l{ut tlie militia, undci Ihedirec- ■ tioM of |\ ill . soliicers, drove the assailants away. A iiionlh laic/ Hic ,idlirry unjust exaction. A i)ateiil for the manufacture of soaj) was sold — a very sad iilHiclion indeed, for in addition to the costly price from the existence of the monoiioly for which tlO.OOO had been paid, the linen had been hurni'd, and the flesh as well, in the wash- \iv;c. so that \\u'. city of I,ondon was visited hy jin insurrection of women, and the Lord Mayor was reprimanded by the kiim' because he irave them hissvmpathv.— Hood's ( 'KoMWKi, I,, ch. 4, p, S4, 4629. REBELLION, The 'Whiskey. Pmim/l- vani-ii. During tlu' summer and aiilumn of "■.794 tlie country was muidi disturbed by a dilli- culty in western Pennsylvania, known as the whiskey insurrection, llojjing to improve the i revenucH of the )?(iv('rnnn!nl, ('onj^rcHS had, lhn!« years |ireviously, imposed ii tax on all urdtMit spirits distilled in the I'liited Stales, Wliilo [citizen 1 (}eiiel | f roni France I was at I'ldladei- pliiii, he and his partisans incited Ihe people of the dislillin;; re^noiis to resist tlie lax collectors. The disatfecled rose in arms. W'asliiiiition issued two proclamations warnin^r t||,. insurp'iits lo dis|ierse ; but insleail of obeyiiiii;, tliey tired upon and caplured the ofltcers of the j;overnmeiil 'I'lie I'residenI then ordered (Jeneral lleiirv lee to eiili-r the rebellious dislricl with a sufllcicnt force lo reslore order and enforce Ihe law. When the troops n'liehed I he .scene of the disturb- ance, the riolers had already scattered. Tho insurrei lion was a political rather than a social onlbieak ; Ihe anti FederalistH were in a major- ity in the dislillinjr rev:ion, and the whiskey-ta.v was a measure of IIk' Federal party. — Hiui'ATII'h U. H.. ch. 4(i, 1). ;t(lH. •Ic, p. IHO. 40:iA. RECOMPENSE, Honorable. Ahnihiiiii Liiii'iilii. I When a lioy he liorrowed a l.,ife of VVashin).c'<>ii. 1 I)iirin;r a severe sloi n lie improved his leisure hy reading; his liook One ni;.dil he laid it down carefully, as he tlioii^'ht, and the ne.\t morning he found it soaUcii throiiirh ! The wind had chanLCe.iiil the i'arlia- meiit held their lilierlies hy li ..ration, not hy riyht ; and when the iioiise recorded its very dilTerent coinictioii in a resoliilion on its jour nals, the imhecile old kin^ (•;unc up from 'i'lieo- bald's in a passion, j^ot loi^ethcr w pri\y council and si.\ of the judj^es, sent for the Conunons' journal, and ivi n dared lo Icar out the rei^istrv. lie then instantly dissolved tiie ilouse hy ])roc lumation. — iio<)i)'s Ci{o.mwi;i,i,, ch. ;i, ]>. 54. oii them. . , . and iKcominandeil their licads to he sliuck olT, and would hear no man in tiieir behalf for mercy. 'I'hen the (piecii ( I'liilipiia], hein^jrrcal with child, kneeled down and said, "(Iciitle Sir, since i passed the sea in mucli peril. I iuive desired iiothiiiu'of yuu ; there fore, i now I'eipiiie of you, in the honor of tlie Son of the VirL,nn Mary, and for the love of me, that you will t.ike mercy of these six hurL''esves." The kintr beheld the (piecn, and stood still awliih^ in a study, .ind then said, " Ah, dame, i wouldi you liad been now in some other place ; hut I cannot deny you. i j^ive tliesc men to you to do. \our pleasure willi them." And tlw six liur- ires.ses were hrouul'.t into the (picen's chamber, newly clotlied ; and she irave them to eat at thcir leisure, and bestowed upon each six nobles, and! caused them to he taken Ihroui^h the host in safe- Iv, and set at lihcrty. — K.NioHf's E.nc, vol. 1, c'h. :«), p. -1115. 4«40. REFINEMENT, Characteristic. Allw- niaii.i. in the war against I'hilipof .Macedon, one* of the couriers of that jirincc was inleice|)led. and his dispatches seized ; tliey oi)encd all tliL- letters which he carried, except those w rilten by i'hilip's queen. Olympia. to her husband. 'i'he.M- the AthciiiaiiN transmitted imincdialely to I'liil- ij). with the seals unbroken. In tlie same war, i'liilip was suspected of havinj,' disti'lbutcd bribes amoni;- the Athenian orators. Tlieir liouses were ordered to he searched ; hut with sin;j;ular rc;,-ard to decorum, they forbade to break into the hou- ■ of Calliclt's, because he was then newly imirrie I. i T 5r>() UEFINKMKNT-HKPOrniATlON. I fi ^i i: 1 Kii I';' III Miicli WHS ciTtiiliily llic imltiriil clinnu'liT nf \\w Alliriihiii.H — ;;ctii roiiM, (l<'('(>rit, Inuiiuiic, mul pol- iHllcil— Tvii ku'h \\\h\ Hook I, eh |(» p. 107. Ultt, EEFINEMENT, Ml^ui(«r«(l. .!///< /vw// liiiliiiiia. 'I'lic inliiiliilimlM ol ilii> jinini'nsr cdiiti Iirtll — if \vi' cxcriil llioM' (.' .M('xi(() uilil I'rni, wliirh were ('(iinpariilivcly nlincil jimi liixiirioiis Mill ions —were Irihcs nl' vviiiidi'iiii^f huvu^^ch, uihI !illril\ iiiiHccpiaiiili (I Willi iilinosi every ml ol' civili/ed lil'e. 'I'iiey were riiilieil, e\eept ii Hiimll COM riiiir round (lie middle ; llieir sole oeeiipa (ion was the elnisi . and u hen the :i aban- doned villiiin who canir into court with a hand- ful of gol'i was a.ssured of impunity. " Rich men, " .says Huetonius, " were never deterred from crime by a fear of forfeiling their es- tates; Iliey had but to leave Italy, and their ))roperl\ was secured to them." — FitouDi'fs ' ' lOS.Ml, ell. 2'). 40 1». REFORMATION, Political. llwrnnit. [After Ihe death of the infamous einix'for (.Join- modus] the ex|>enseof the household was imme- diately reduced to one half. All the instruments of luxury I'ertinax <'xp()sed to piil)lic auction — gold and silver plate, chariot- of a siiiiiular con. stru(lion,a superlluoiis wirdrobeof silkand em- broidery, and a great number of beautiful slaves of both SI \es ; exccptiiigonly, with alleiitive hu- manity, those who were boiii in a sialic of free- dom, and hud bei'ii ravished from tlu! arms of their weepinii; |)arents. .Vi (he same time that h, obliged llie worlliU'ss favorites of the tyrant ti, resign a jiart of their ill-golleii wealtli, he .satis- lied tlie just creditors of the stale, and unexpect- edly discharged the long arrears of honest ser- vices, llr removed the oppressive reslii(t(ions which had been laid upon commerce, and grant- ed all the uncultivated lands in Italy and (ho provinces to those who woidd improve thctii, with an exemption from tribute during teu years.— Gibbon's Home, ch. 4, p. 121. UIOFOKMATION-UKFOIIMKKS A.') I 1(I50. BEFOBMATION, 811«nt. w/Vi/. It is rcinuii ilili' lliitt llic Iwo ^ti'iiIi'nI iiikI iikiiI siilii turv -M- III niVdliilioiis wiilcli liavf liikiii placi 111 Vinji iH'l— lliiil rcvoluiinii wliicli, in tlic iliir ti'ciilli I t'litiiry, |iul iiiiriKl Id llii' tyiaiiiiy nt' mi linn over niitioa, iiml tiiiii rcvuliillori \\liii ii, n fi'w ' iit'niiiiiii < liilir. put an cml In ilii'pi'ii|i Illy 111 man In iniin— wnr Hil<'iill> ami liiipcr (•(•ptililv t'lTcilnl Tlicy Hinnk coiiii inpurary i>l»- Ncrvcr-i vvllii no sui-prisc, and linvr • civrd fi'um liisl.iriariH a very Ncaiily inrasiiic ..l alli'iiliiin. J'licy wiTi' lil'iaiijlit altiMil iirilliiT l)\- IrLii^lalivc ri-nilaliuii iii>r liy iiliyHJcal I'orci'. Moral caiisi's li.iisclcs.sly ilTilrnl, ((rsl, llii> (lisljliclion liclwicil Noriiiaii anil Saxon, and ' n tin* dixliiirlinii Ix- I WITH iiiiisiiT ami slave N'oiir can vciiiiiri' to li\ III!' pri'i'isi- inoim-nl ai wjiich clllnr distim' lion ccascil. ... It would lie most unjust nol to ackiio\vliMli;c tli:ii Ilii' i liicC aj^ciit in Ihcsc lu > irriMit (li'llvi'i'am r^ was ' ,i,'ioii ^Mai'.\iii,a\ s Kn(1., ell. I, i> 'J I. t^^^t. reformation, lolent. n.hijhiiH. in the year Wi. Ilic I'lnpri I- Iao. ilic jsauriiii, win di'sjrous orcxlirpatiiii!; ids |iimm( •worsln i| idol- atry, wliicli lie vrry justly (■oiisldcrcd asdi-n'moe f'ul to (.'liri.slianity ; lint his incasuri'S were too violi'iit III- liiirnt anddrstroycd all the paiiitiiii; in the I'liunlu's, and lirokc to pieces lie statues 'I'lic people were llij^illy e.\Ms|)eraled, and ii. it tempti'd to enforce liis reformation by piiiii.-.|i incnl mill { 'rseciition, wlii' li had no hciuticial eirei I \\ I I, Kit's Misr., r. M.k (I, ell 3, ].. S-J. 'l«.Vi. REFORMER by Accident, Tln//// h'uo.i\ The ccliihratcd .loliii Knox > ived , . . from Oeiieva, wliere he hud imbili. d tlu doclrines of ('alviii, of which liis ii.tiiiral disjiosilion titled him to hi; » most /ealous and intrepid promote I'liis roformer was possessed of a very cousin eralile shaio ot l(!arnin>^'. and of iincoiniiion acutenesH of iimlerslinidiiiK- He was a man of rijUfid virtiie, and of a very disinU'rcstcd spirit ; but tii.s niaxiins (as Dr, |{obcrt->oii remaiks) were too .severe!, and the impetiiosit\ of his temper wiwoxccs.sivc!. His cli)(|uciice was lillcd to rouse and to iiifiainc'. His tirst public api>ear.iiice was al I'erll', wlieie. in a vi;r\ animated serin,„iiii>i f'(i,rli/lc. His iiliniou coiiNisis in loiiLriii-.--, his socialism ^ phra.ses wiihoiit |)laii ; is politics are alto^r, |)|,.|- lu'j^ative. Hcclearh noii^li sees what, is wroic,'', but lie fails to poin. out what is riirht, or wliai we mui,'Iii to siibsiilute in place of the wioiig which be wi ,dd do away witli. He is batUed when lie sits down to propose remedic-- He lia*i none lu oiler, but yoes ou ussailing, HcoiirKitiK. I'lxl l>i>l"i>t{ er, a prophet, a poet Smu.is' Kiiikk ItiouH.vi'lliKH, P 'jrii. tM.i. REFORMERS corrupted, h'-n! of //, ,/. /'iril. When (ill |.")I7| il w a alle;.'((i llial Henry N'lll. had promised the Karl of I (en lord i lie lev- eliues of six ^ooil pii'beiids, the disinterested sincerity of (In I'naectoi in scekinif a further reformation of i'eli<:ion miirht well lie doubled — K.NiiiiirH Kni.., Mil :\. ' Il I, p. :{. HMH. REFORMERS, K> ;lish. /wV, .W. . // /// t'.n- liiri/. 1. 1 1 ill II J low. I I'd i I I , . ; published his book "On I'risniis,' and sow i-d the seed which re\o- liilionl/ed prison disei|,||ne. In ITKti. Ciiplain Thomas Coram obtained a charter fur the first foundllni^r hospital, haviiij; seen infants exposed in the '■ rer'ts and left to perish by their nmiaiii- rid iiiotliers. About the middle of Hie ei;r|iteeni|| century, .luiia^ llaiiway, by personal elTorl, se- ciired the esi ililishmeiit of llie .Maj;dalene .Vsy- Intii, and also the Marine Smieiy ; the latter of which proposed to lake di^'iissed bovs mit of till sli els, and educate llicm tor thcsen'e .n's life. |{olicit Uaikes in 1181 wasstrucKi the 'I'^fradi'd condition of I lie rhildrci) in IIicm. imrbs ■ ' the ( ily of (Jlouce ' r. | No b. iietltto society It jfreater than thai [iroduced h\ (he | iuliiil ex leiision of tijucatioii to the hiiMiblesI i la.ss(>s of the community | tliiiai^h his enib-tivors. He lli ---t introduced Suiidav schools in 17^1, Mm h was done by Whitetield ilid Wesley 1 'i'ln liuhl III eratiire of forty years overllcws with lid.nile of Melliridism. Tlie pr\ k hers were p> lb>d by Mi>- mob ; the converlH \\ re held up to cvecration a.s faiiiitics or liypocrili s Yet MelhiMlliin held the Lcronnd it had /rained. It had jro'i^' f'"''li '" "' ter the words of ttntli to men little above ihe beasts that pi lish, and it had brmu'ht them lo reifiird theiiisi Ivfs as akin to liuniHiiily. The time would come when its earnesincss umild iiwakeii ilie Church itscM' from it^ somnolency, and the ediicaied I'lasses would nut be asliiined lo be rclitfions. There was v\iM enihii- sni pn()iii,di in sonieof the followi i sof Whiteliciil and Wcs'ey ; miie)i seit seekini; ; zeal ver/fin;! u|x-n profaiii iiess , moral conduct Hti;i, lively oppo,s<'d to jiious profession. Mul these earnest mm lefft a mark iijion lb; r time wliich can never be ef- laeed The obscure yoiim; stiideiils at Oxfi rd, in ITiili. who were first called " SacrameniHriims," ilieii " Bible Moths,' and fin.i!'\ " Metliu'di.sfs." prodiu'cd ti moral revolution in KnglaiM which probably saved \is from the fate of nations whol- ly abaiidoneil to their own de\ i( IS. - Kmoiii'h ftso , vol. 7, ch. ]). 111). UM*7. REFORMERS, Falte. S,'iu.;i. Tin phi losoplicr Seiieii could write of ihe d\ji\ of conferrimr bem lils, hut was practically ;i ffripin;; usurer. — IvMoiir'^ Ivvo. vol. 1. ( h. '■\. p. 4(1 'I6>^S. REFORMERS, Self-condemned. /''////.>/- (iinj/. While liic leiicis mI I.uilur vmi-c rapidly uainiiiiz: ^roiind in flu N. :th, the lollowiiiff fad will coiiviiici us thai he wrojj^ated i< ■ himself itn mithority very little shori of thai .ii the pope in ."V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WiST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) S73-450a c> •-»j ? fe ^' O^ ^ 653 RKFLOE— UFINFORCKMKNTS. followers, was holdinj; ii kind of synod at Wit- tenberg, for the regulation of all matters regard- ing the ehnreli. 'I'lie l.mdgrave i)reseiite(lj<) him a petition, setting forth his ease, in which In,' r.t the same lime insinuated, that in ease Luther and his doctors should refuse him a dispensation of l)olygamy, he would, perhaps, be obliged to ask it. of the pope. The synod were under considerable dinieuity. The interest of t'le landgrave was too forinidal)le to tie di-regarded, and at the same time, to favor him, thi y must assume to them- selves a power of lirciking a law of Scripture. The temporal consideration was UK^re ])owerful than the sjiiritU!!! one. They agreed to give I'hiiip a dispensation for polygamy, and lie ac- cordingly married hi'' Favorite, even with the eonseiil of his former wife. —TvTi, Kit's Hist., Book «, eh. -M. p. -im. 4650. EEFUGE, Sanctuary for. Fifteenth Cen- tury. The clergy are tliey who have the su- preme sway over the country. . . . They have provided that a number of sacred places in the kingdom should serve for the refuge and escape of all deiin(|uenls ; and iKjoiie, were he a traitor to the crown, or had he practi.seci against the king's own person, can be takiMi out of these l)y force. And a villain of this kind, who, forsome great ex- cess that he has committed, has been obliged t(> take refuge in one of these sacred places, often goes out of it to brawl in the public streets, and then, returning to it, escai)es with impunity for every fresh otfenee he may have l)cen guilty of. This is no detriment to the purses of the priests, nor to tin; other ))erpelual sanctuaries. lJut(,'verv church is a sanctuary for forty days ; and if "a thief, or murderer, who has taken refuge in one, cannot leave it in safety vluring tho.se forty days he gives notice that he wishes to leave England. In which case, being stripped to the shirt by the chief magistrate of the place, and a crucifix placed in his hand, he :s coixlucted along the road to the sea, where, if he finds a ras.sage, he may go, with a "God speed jou." liut if he should not find one, he walks into the sea up to the throat, and three times asks for pa.ssage ; and this is repeated till a ship ap- jiears, which comes for him, and so he departs in safety. — Kn to ht's Exo., vol. 3, ch. 15, p. 244. 44(60. REFUGE secured. In Anierini. Crom- well was (lead The Conunonwealth totten'd and tell. Charles II. was restored to the throne of his ancestors. Tidings of the Ilesloration reached Boston on the 37th of July, KitiO. In the same vessel that bore the news came Edward Whalley and William GolTe, two of the judges who had pa.ssey throughout the little plantation ; only the iiresi- dent was at heart as much grieved as gladdened, for he saw in the character of the new-comers ue RELIC— RELICS. 553 promise of anything hut vexation and disaster, llcre wore thirty-four geu'li'incn at the liead of tlie list, to hegin v' itli ; tlien ciiinc j^old-huntcrs, jewellers, en^'nivers, adventurers, strollers and vai^^ahonds : nianj" of tlieiii had more husiness in jail llian in Jamestown. To add to Smith's clia- ;^rin, this company of worthless creatures had been sent out contrary to his previous protest and injunction. lie had urged Newport tohring over oidy a few iiuhistrious mechanics and la- borers ; hut the love of gold among the members of tlie London Company had prevailed over coin- mon-sens(! to send lo Virginia anotli(;r crowd of proiiigates, — Riui'atu's U. S.,ch. 9, p. 103. 'IG67. RELIC, An auspicious. " The Holy fMim." [The Crusaders were reduced to great distress when besieged by the 'i'urks in Anti- och.] Of the diocese of .Marseilles, there was a priest of low cuniung and loose manners, and his name was Peter IJartliolemy. He ]>r( siMited him- self at the door of the co\nicil-chamber, to dis- close an ap|)arition of St, Andrew, which had been thrice reiterated in his sleep, with a dread- ful menace if he presumed to suppress the com- mands of Heaven. " At Antioch," said the apos- tle. " in thechurch o'l my brother, St. Peter, near the high altar, is concealed the steel head of the lance that pierced the side of our Redeemer. In three days that instrument of eternal, and now of temporal, salvation will be manifested to his disciples. Search, and ye shall fnd ; bear it aloft in battle, and that mysti(; weap')n shidl i)en- etrate the souls of the mi.sereants." The poi)e's legate, the bishop of Puy, alfected to listen with coldness and distrust ; but the revelation was eagerly accented by Count Raymond, whom his faithful subject, in the name of the apostle, had chosen for the gimrdiiui of the holy lance. The experiment was resolved ; and on the third day, after a due preparation of prayer and fasting, the priest of Marseilles introduced twelve trusty spectators, among whom were the count and his chaplain ; and the ciuu'ch-doors were barred against the impetuous multitude. The ground was opened in the appointed place ; biit the work- men, who relieved each other, dug to the depth of twelve feet without discovering the object of their .search. In the evening, when Count Raj'- mond had withdrawn to his post, and the weary assistants began to murm\ir, Bartholemy, in his shirt, and without his slioes, boldly descended into the pit. The darkness of the hour and of the j)lace enabled liim to secrete and deposit the head of a Saracen lance, and the first sound, the tirst gleam of the steel was saluted with a devout rapture. The holy lance was drawn from its re- cess, wrapjied in a veil of silk and gold, and ex- posed to the veneration of the Crusaders. — Gib- bon's RoMK, ch. 58, p. ,')86. 4((0§. RELICS, Bogus, lidif/ious. Luther . . . directed a vii.'::)r()us attack upon the Archbishop Albert oi Mayence, brother of the Elector of Brandenburg. This church dignitary, in need of money, had again set up the traffic with indul- gences in the city of Ilallc, establishing a great shrine of relics, and inviting all to visit the same. He had collected a multitude of glorious relics, about nine thousand in number. Among these were remains of saints, a portion of the body of the patriarch Isaac, rcnuiants of manna, pieces of Moses' burning hush, jugs from the marriage feast at Cana, .some of the wine wiiich Christ made of water on that occasion, thorns from Jesus' martyr crown, one of the stones with which Stephen was killed, and many other glo- rious relics. Against all this abomination Luther wrote a treatise entitled, "Against the Jdnl in Halle," and sent it to Wittenberg for [lublica- tion. — Rkin's LiTiiKH, ch. 10, p. i»7. 46«9. RELICS, Fictitious, dirdli'. f Mary Mag- dalen's girdle was found in a monastery, and sent to Lord Cromwell in l.'ilj.'j.]— Knkmit's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 2;i, [). ;5(J(5. 4070. . I'nijUiihlv. I Erasin\is de- scribes, in his Collo(iuies, the exhibition of relics in l.lOi*.] The joint of a man's tiiiger is exhib- ited to us, the largest of three. 1 kiss it ; and then lask, " Whose relics were these V" He savs, •' St. Peter's." '■ The Apostle ';'" lle.said." Yes."" Then, observing the size of the joint, which might have been that of a giant, I remarked Pet''r must have been a man of very large si/.e. [What looked like ground chalk mixed with the white of an egg was shown to him as the ndlk of the Blessed Virgin. At tin; shrine of St. Thonnis at Canterbury he saw in the sacristy a box of black leather which contained some torn frag- ments of linen which were once w(mii by St. Thomas. He was also shown thi^ up|)er part of a s'loe which was bound wilii a brass rim, and in it was a piece of glass i'e.--end)ling a jewc 1, whi( li might b(^ kissed forasmalh i)iii. It was ihe shoe of St. Thomas.] — Knkjut's Enci , vol. ;2, ch. 1.'), p. 24fi. 4071. . ReligiouH. In the I'cign of the younger Theodosius, Lucia i, a iiresliyter of Jerusalem, . . . related a very singular dream, which, to remove his doubts, had been repeat- ed on three successive Saturdays. A vener- able figure stood lu'fore bin), in the; silence of the night, with a long beard, a white robe, and a gold rod ; announced himself by the name of Gamaliel, and revealed to the astonished presby- ter that his own corp.se, with the bodies of his son Abibas, his fri(.'n(i Nicodenuis, and the illus- trious Stephen, the tirst martyr of the Christian faith, were secretly buried in the adjacent held. He added, with some imi)atience, that it was time to release himself and his companions from their obscure pri.son ; that their a))pearance would besalutarj' to a distressed world, and that they had made choice of Lucian to inform the bishop of .Teiusalem of their situation and their wishes. The doubts and dithculties which still retarded thi.-s imjjortant disctovery were succes- sively removed by new visions, and the ground was o))ene(l by tlie bishop, in the presence of an inmmierable nudtitude. The collins of ( Jamaliel, of his .son, and of his friend were found in reg- ular order ; but when the fourth coflin, which contained the remains of Stcpli> ::, was shown to the light, the earth trend)le(l, and an odor, such as that of Paradi.se, was smelt, which instantly cured the various disea.ses of seventy-three of the assistants. The comiianions of Stephen were left in their peaceful residence of Capharganial.'i ; hut the relics of the tirst martyr were transport- ed, in solemn procession, to a cluu-ch constructed in their honor on Blount Sion, and the mi- nute particles of those relics, a drop of blood, oi the scrapings of a bone, Averc acknowledged, in almost every province of the Roman world, to .3; 'it 554 RELICS. I 1 1 possosH a (liviiio and miraculous virtue. — Gut- BON'a IloMK, cb. 2S, ]). l."tfS. tWZ. -. liiliuioxx. TliczLNi!, per- liii[)M the avarice, of ilic i Icrujy of Jerusalem, . . , fixed, by uii(|uoslioii:il)le Iradilion, llu- s(;(Mie of oacli memorable eveiu. They cxbibiti'd Ibe iii- .slrumeiils wbicb bad been used in tlie passion of ClirisL ; tlu^ nails and Ibe lance tliat liad pierced His bands, His I'eel, and His side ; Ibe crown of thorns that was planled on His bead ; Ibe pillar a wbicb |[e was scouri^^ed ; and, above all, Ibey sbowedlbc cross on wbicb H('sulTer(,'d,and wbicb Wius duiC out of Ibe (Nirlb in Ibe reii^n of Ibose l)rinci'S who inserU'd Ibe syn)l)ol of (Jbrislianity in lb(! banners of tlu! Roman lej^ions, Sucb nur- acles as S(M'ine(l necessary lo account for ils ex- traordinary preservalion and seasonabh; discov- ery were grailuidly propagated willioul o|)posi- tion. Tbo custody of tbo true croxs. wbicb on East(!r Sunday was solemiilN' exposed lotbe peo- pl(^ was intrusted to tiio bisliop of Jerusalem ; ami lie alone migbt gratify tlu; curious devolion of tbe pilgrims by tlie gift of small pieces, wbicb tbey (Miebascd in goldor gtmis, r.ndc.'irried away in tViuinpb lo tbeir respective countries. IJut as this gainful brancbof commerce must soon bave been annibilaleil, it was found convenient lo sup- po.se tbat tlie marvellous wood poss(!ssed a se- cret power of vegelalion, and tbat itssubslance, tbougb conlinually diminisbed, still remained en- tire and unimiiaired. — oriBUON'a Uomk, cb. ;i3, i;. 4;M. 4673. . CroirnofThovnx. [Bald- win II., empercr at Conslanlinople, claimed to possess lilt! crown wbicb Inid been iilac(!d on tbe bead of Cbri.st.] It bad formerly been tlie jjrac- tice of tbe Egyptian debtors lo deposit, as a se- curity, Ibe mummies of tbeir parents ; and botb tbeir bonor and religion were bound for Ibe re- d(!niplion of tbe pledge. In Ibe same manner, and in Ibe ab.sence of tbe emperor, IIk; barons of Komania borrowed Ibe sum of Ibirleen tbousand one bundled and lliirty-four pieces of gold on tbe credit of tbe boly crown. — GrisHON's Ro.me, ch. 61, p. Vll. 467'l. . liiii'fiioits. Tbe ambassa- dors of Uccared, Ibe first Catbolic king of Spain, respectfully olFered, on Ibe tbresliold of tbe Vat- i(;an, bi.s ricli presents of gold and gems ; tbey ac- cepted, as a lucrative excbange, tlu! bairs of SI. John tbe Haptist, a cross wbicb enclcsed a small pi(!ce of tlie true wood, and ak(!y tbat contain- ed .some particles of iron wlii(!li bad been scraped from tbe cliains of St. Peter.— -Giuuon's Uomk, cb. 37. p. 563. 4075. . IteligioHS. [Tbe Roman empress Eudocia became greatly devoted 1'^ re- ligion.] In tbe Holy Land, her alms and pious foundations exceede(l Ibe munificence of tbe great Helena; and though Ibe public treasure might be impoverished by Ibis excessive liberality, she enjoyed the cons-ious satisfaction of retui-ning to Constaminoitlc with tbe chains of St. Peter, the right arm of St. Stephen, and an undoubted picture of tbe Virgin, painted by St. Luke. — GruBONs RoMK, cb. 83, p. 3o6. 4676. BELICS, Honored. Religious. [In the thirleeiilb century the Venetians received the crown of thorns from Constantinople. It was borne in a silver shrine, enclosed in a golden vase. It was afterward conveyeil to France.] The courl of Prance ad\anced as far as Troyes, in Chamiiagne, to meet with devolion this ines- limable n'lic ; it was borne in Iriuni])!! through Paris bv Ibe king himself, barefoot, ind in his shirt. 'I'be success of this Iraiisaction templed the Latin emperor lo olTcr, with Ibe same gener osity, the remaining furniture of his chapel ; a large and aulbentic portion of Ibe true ero.ss ; the baby-linen of liie Son of (Jod, Ibe lanc(!, tbe s|)onge and Ibe chain of His jmssion ; the rod of .Moses, and part of Ibe skull of SI. John the Hap- tist. For tb(! reception of these sjiiritual treas- ures, twenty Ihous.ind marks were exiiended by St. Louis on a stately foundalion, Ibe holy chap- el of Paris. —Gibbon's Romk, (;1i. 61, p. I3U. 4677. RELICS, Sacred. Ucinn of Tlnodomia. In the age which followed Ibe conversion of Con- slaiiline, the emperors, the consuls, and tlu; gen- erals of armies devoutly visited the S(!i)ulcbres of a lentmakei and a fisherman, and their v(!n- eral)le iiones were deposited under Ibe altars of Christ, on which the bishops of the royal city conliimidly oflered the unbloody .sacrifice. . . . The bodies of St. Andrew, St. Luke, and St. Timothy had repo.sed near three hundred years in the oliscure graves, from whence tbey were transported, in solemn pomp, to the church of the a])osilcs, which tlu; niagniticcince of Constan- tine bad founded on Ibe banks of the Thracian Hospbonis. About fifty years afterward, the .same banks were honored by the presence of Samuel, the judge and prophet of tbe peoph; of Israel. His ashes, deposited in a golden va.se, and covered vrilh a silken veil, were delivered by the bishops into each other's bands. The relics of Samuel were received by the people with the same joy and reverence which they would have shown lotbe living proiibel ; the highways, from Palestine to the gates of (\)n.stantinople, were filled wiliiaii uninterrupted procession ; and the emperor .Vrcadius himself, at tbe head of the most illusi rious me-nbers of ilie clergy and senate, advanced to meet his extraordinary guest, who had always de.served and claimed the homage of king.s. — Gibbon's Romk, ch. 3H, p. 1.56. 467§. BELICS, Superstitious regard for. lioiws. [In IOC"), Harold II., King of the Anglo-Saxoas, swore lo support William the Norman in his contest for the crown of England ; but he swore with a mental reserviition. He .stands] between two ornamental pedestals, upon tbe top of which he places the ends of his fingers. He is swear- ing upon common reliipiaries, as he thought ; such as jiarisb priests in England kept upon tlieir altars, to command tbe faith of ignorant boors. He swears. Hut und(!r the relicpiaries are hidden, by a cloth of gold, the bones of saints and holy martyrs. William tb(;n commands the cloth to be removed, and Harold turns pale when he knows the super.sanctity of the oath which ho has taken. — Kniobt'sEng., vol. 1, ch. 13, p. 174, 4679. BELICS, Virtue of. Chvintian. a.d. 643. Tbe shrines of Ibe apostles were guarded by miracles and invisible terrors ; and it was not without fear that the pious Catholic approached the object of his worship. It was fatal to touch, it was dangerous to behold, the bodies of the .saints ; and tlio.se who, from the purest motives, presumed to disturb the repo.se of the sanctuary were affrighted by visions, or punished with sua- RELTGTON. 555 • a dislance from tlieir cures. There were .some who drew from their beiietices incomes of little less than a thousand a year, without ever performing any spiritual func- tion. — MAC.\ui.Av"rt Enu., ch. 6, p. 122. 4685. RELIGION, Burdunsome. Trijles. Two priests of the btist families of Home, Cornelius Cethegus and Quintus Sulpicius, were degraded from the priesthood ; the former becau-^e he did not present the entrails of the victim according to rule; and the latter because, as he was sacrificing, the tuft of his cap, which was such an one as the Flamini's wear, fell oil. An, RELIGION a Conflict. Diinlil!) of Man . The relii^ious history of man is essentially the same in all ages. It takes its rise in the duality' of ids nature. lie is an aidmal, and as an aid- nial he desires bodily pleasiu'c, and shrinks from liodily ])ain. Asa being capable of morality, he is eonsci(jus that for him there exists a right and wrong. Something, whatever that something may be, binds him to choose one and avoid the other. This is his religion, his relig.itio, his ob- ligation, in the .sense in which the Romans, from whom we take it, used the word ; and obliga- tion implies .some superior power to which man owes obed.ienee. The contlict between his two dispositions agitates his heart and perplexes his intellect. To do what the sui)erior power re- ipiires of him, he must thwart his inclinations. He dreads puiushment, if he neglects to do it. He invents methods by whic^h ho can indidge his api)elites, and finds a substitute by which he can proi)itiate his invisible ruler or rulers. He offers sacrifices; he institutes ceremonies and observ- ances. — FuouDES Blxvan, ch. 2. 4691. RELIGION, Confusion in. James 11. The king early put the loyalty of his Protestiint friends to the proof. While he was a subject he had been in the habit of hearing mass with closed doors in a small oratory which had been fitted up for his wife. He now ordered the doors to be thrown open, in order that all who came to jtay their duly to him nught see the ceremony. When the host was elevated there was a .strange confusion in the antechamber. The Roman Catholics fell on their knees ; the Protestants hurried out of the room. Soon a new pulpit was erected in the palace ; and during Lent a series of sermons was preached there by popish divines, to the great diseomposiwe of zealous churchmen. — Macaii.ay'h Eno., ch. 4, p. 438. 4«fMI. RELIGION, Coniolation of. Cha, ■!,.-< I. Hisliop Juxon, who attended him to the last moment, as ht^ approached the block, .said to him, "Sire, there is but one ste]) more, a sh.u'p and short one : Keir.end)er that in another second you will ascend from earth to heaven, and that there you will tind in an inlinite and inexhausti- ble joy the reward of your .sacrilice, and airown that sliall never itass away." " .My friend," re- plied Charles, interrui)ting him with perfecl com- ])osure, "I go from a corruptible crown to an iiu'orruptible one, and which, as you .say, I feel convinced I shall pos.se.ss forever without trouble or anxiety." — Lamahti.mc's Cito.MWioi.i., j). 4s. 46»5». RELIGION, Contradicted. Abraham [.in- colli. Two ladies from Tennes.see came before the President, asking \\w, release of their hus- bands, held as prisoners of war at .lohnsoc's Island. ... At each of these interviews one of the ladies urged that her husband was a re- ligious man. . . . When the President ordered the release, he .said to this lady : " You say ymr husband is a religious man ; tell him when you meet him that J say I am not much of a judge of religion, but that in my oi)iiuon the religion which sets men to rebel against thegoveriunent, because, as they think, that government does not sutlk'ieiuly help xoine men to eat their bread in the sweat of othi'v men's faces, is not thi' sort of religion u])on which people can get to heaven." — Rav.mond's Lincoln, p. 735, 4691. RELIGION, Courage by. Rcifin of Janus IT. [Protestant rebels under the Duke of Mon- mouth.] The number of the rebels whom Jef- freys hanged on this circtut was three hundred and twenty. . . . They were, for the mo.st part men of blameless life and of high religious pro- fession. They were regarded by them.selves, and by a large proportion of tiieir neighbors, not as wrong-(ioers, but as martyrs who .sealed with blood the truth of the Protestant religion. Very few of the convicts professed any re])entance for what tlu-y h.id done. Many, animated by the old Puritan spirit, met death, not merely with fortitude, but with exultation. . . . Some of them composed hymns in the dungeon and chanted them on the fatal .sledge. Christ, they sang, whilQ they were undressing for the butch- ery, woidd soon come to rescue Zion and to nuike war on Babylon, would set up His standard, would blow His trumpet, and would requite His foes tenfold for all the evil which had been inflicted on His .servants. — Macaclay'b Eno., ch .'), p. .TOS. 4695. RELIGION, Decline of, Samuel John son. BoswKi.L : " Is there not less religion in the, nation now, sir, than there was formerly ?" John- son : "I don't know, sir, that there is." Bos- WELi. : " For instance, there used to be a chap- lain in every great family, which we do not find now." Johnson: "Neither do you tind any of the state servants which great families used formerly to have. There is a change of modes in the whole department of life." — Boswei.l's Johnson, p. 16('». 4696. RELIGION, Devotion to. Columbxs. Throu'j'hout his life he was noted for strict at- RELIGION. P67 tention to the ofticesof religion, olwerving rigor- ously tiie fasts and cereinonics of llic cimrcli ; i nor (lid hi.s piety consist in mere forms, htK par- look f that lofty and solemn enthusiasm with ^vlli(•ll his whole eliunu'ter was strongly tincl- mvd. — Ikvinos Coi.iMHi s, eh. 4. •«97. BELIOION, Discord in. Kf/iz/itiitnu. [A n.iiural cause of) discoi'ds among themselves was till' variety and ditferem-cof the olijcctsof relig- ious worsiiip in the dilVereiii provinces of tlu^ kintrdoni. 'fhe same animals that were regard- ed in one province with the most superstitious reverence were in another the objects of de- testation and al)horri'nee. In one (piarter they lamed the crocodiles, adorned them w th gold and iew 'Is, and worshipix'd them ; in another • hey Killed those animals without mercy. In one l)ri)viiice the most sacred anim.al was a dog ; in .•mother they reckoned dog's tlesli the most deli- eatr- food. (Jats were adored iti one district, aiel rats in another. From these ditrerences ar ■>(• per|ietual and violent animosities ; for tliere are no contentions so rancorous as those ■which s])ring from tlu; most trilling dilfcreiK .s in religiou.s worship or opiiuon. " Tlie multi- tude, " says Diodorus, " have been often inflamed into tlie highest i)itjcli of fury on ac^cc.unt of the sacrilegious murder of a tlirinccat." — Tyti.eu's Hist., Book l.ch. 4, p. 4*3. 4«»». RELIGION disguised. P,(:/ans. The temples of the Roman lOmpire were deserted, or destroyed ; but the ingenious superstition of tlie Pag.ins still attempted to elude the laws of Theo- do^ius, by whicli all sacrifices had been severely prohibited. Tlie inhabitants of the country, wiiose conduct was less opposed to the eye of mali<'ious curiosity, disgui.sed tluiir religious, under tiie appearance of coneiciiil, meetings. On the liays of solemn festivals they assembled in great numbers under the spreading sliad(! of Miinc consecrated trees; sheep and oxen were sl.iughtered and roasted ; and this rural enter- tainment was .sanctilieil by tlie use of incense, and by the liymns which were sung in honor of I lie gods, lint it was alleged that, as no part of the animal was made a burnt-olTering, as no al- tar was provided to receive the blood, and as the jirevious oblation of salt (!akes and the conclud- ing ceremony of libations were carefullj' omit- ted, flieso festal meetings did not involve the guests in the guilt or penalty of an illegal .sacri- fice. — GiHiioN's UoMK, ch. 2S, p. 148. 46ft9. RELIGION, Diverse Views of. Romans. Til • various modes of worship wliich prevailed ill the Roman world were all considered by the people as iMpially true ; by the philosopher, as e(iu:illy false ; and by the magistrate, as eipially useful. And thus toleration produced not only mutual indulgence, but even religious concord. — (jrinnoNs RoMK, cli. 3, p. 34. 4700. RELIGION, Duplicity in. Reign of James II. The dispensing power was . . . employed for the purpose of enabling Roman Catliolics to hold ecclesiastical preferment. The new .solicit- or readily drew the wa.rraiits in wliich Sawyer had i-efiLwd to be concerned. One of these war- rants was in favor of a wretch named Edward Sclater, who had two livings, which he was de- termined to keep at all costs and through all changes. He administered the sacrament to liis parishioners according to the rites of the Churcli of England on Palm Sunday, 1686. On Easter Sunday, only seven days lati^, lie was at mass. — Ma( .\i'i,.\Y's En(i., ch". 0, p. 79. 4701. RELIGION, Effects of. I'lintaimm m. MrrUmdxticiKin. Ecclesiastical tyranny in of all kinds th(^ worst ; its fruits are cowardice, idle- ness, ignorance, and poverty, i'uritanism was a life-giving spirit ; activity, thrift, intelligence, followed in its train ; and as for courage, a cow- ard aiul a Puritan never went together. " lit; that prays best and preaches best will tiglu best" — such was the judgment of C-"romwell, the greatest soldier of liis age. — Uancuokt's U. 8., vol. 1, ch. 10. 4702. RELIGION, Effort in. Mitriin Luther. Filled witii awe and reverence, he had come to Rome, and liad liojied to find jieace for his soul. " I was oneof tlio.se frantic saints in Rome ; I ran about all the churches and crypts, and believed all their shameless, impudent lies. 1 also read nia.ss, perhajis ten limes, and I very much re- gretted that my father and mother were still alive, for I should have been delighted to deliver them from imrgatory with my ma.sscs, and with other precious works and many prayers." On ( liis knees li(! creiil up Pilate's stairca.se, the.S'(V<;(« \ Stitctd, or holy stairway, which was said to have I been brought from the judgment hall to Rome and jilaccd in the chapel of St. John's Church of the Lateral!. Luther did tliis in order to receive indulgence. And yet lie felt, in doing such a i work, as if a voice in thunder tones werti crying j out to him : " The just shall live by faith" (Rcjin. I 1 : 17). — Ukin's LuTiiEU, ch. 4, p. ;{8. 1 4703. RELIGION, Excitement in. Karli/ Met/i- Oilints. [Gnuit excitement, with extraordinary physical ellects, fre(piently attended tlu^ preach- ing of Wesley and "NVliitefield.] The mo.st singular fact about them is, that for a consid- erable time the superior ardor and elo(pience of Whitetield did not produce them, while under the calmer and more logicr.l preaching of Wesley people drojiped on every side as if thunderstru(;k. j It is also noteworthy . . . that at this time not one of his texts, as recorded in his journals, was ; of a .serious or territic diaracter, lait they were, j as in most of his life, selected from the great and precious jiromi.ses. . . . [\V^esley made a special investigation of the remarkable physical effects occurring at Newcastle.] He found, first, that all persons who had been thus affected were in per- fect health, and had not been subject to convul- sions of any kind. Second, that these new affec- tions had come u])on them in a moment, without any ])revious notice, while they were cither hear- ing the [ireaching, or thinkingon what they had heard. Third, tliat they u.sually dropped down, lost their strength, and were seized with violent pain. Tlieir feelings were described differently. Some said they felt as if a sword was running through them ; others thought a great weight lay ujion them. ... "I can no more," said he, "attribute them to a natural cause than to the Spirit of God." — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1, pp. 136, 188. 4704. RELIGION, Extremes in. Pm-ifiinisin. [In 1653 the Puritans fasted on Christmas and feasted on Ash Wednesday.] They took this course upon ihe old principle, that the greater was the remove from Roman Catholicism, the I 5:) 8 RELKHON. rcli; Moll. — nciircr wns tlio approach to inic Knuiiit'h I<]n(i., vol. 4, cli. 11, p. 1* 'I705. . Sifuntl <'riin,i,l,\ \\ Iciii^lli tlu'V appeared before Jerdsaleiii ; and tlumirli famine, siekiiess, and /;r(;af losses, oven l)y llieir victories, iiad reduced llieir immense army to fwenly tiioiisan• made of common stone. The liberality of the Alcma'onida' was not altogether a free bounty ; neither was their magnilicence toward the god of Delphi a pure elTect of religion : jiolicy wan the chii'f motive. They hoped by thi.s meaTi-: to acipiire great influence in tin- tem|)le, and i( iiap- penecctation. 'i'he money, which they plentifully poured into the hands of the priestess, rendered them absolute? masters of th(! oracle, and of the pn'ti'iided god who pnjwid- ed over it, and who for the future became their echo. ... As often therefore us any Spartan came to consult th(! priestess, whether upon hin own affairs or upon those of the Stale, no prom- ise was ever made him of the god's a.ssistance, but upon condition that the liacedii'monians should deliver Athens from the yoke of tyranny. This order was so often rejieated to Ihein by the oracle, that they resolved at last to make war against iUv Pisistiatida', though they were under the strongest engagementsof friendshiiiand hos- liifality with tlieni : herein preferring the will of God, says HcnMlotus, to all luiman eon.sidera- tions. — Hoi.i.in'h Mist., Mook .'"», i^ 8. J70». EELIGION and Gold. Jlmthen. fin the besieged city of Tyre there was a hra/.eii statue of Apollo of enormous size.] During the siege, in conse(pience of a dream which one of the citizens had, the Tyrians imagined that Apollo was determined to leave them and go over to Alexander. Imniedialelv they fastened with a gold chain his statue to Hercules' altar, to prevent the deity from leaving them. For thes(! jieojile were silly enough to believe that after his statue was thus fastened down, it would not bo possibli! for him to make his escape, and that he would be; j)revented from doing so iiy Hercules, the tutelar god of the city. — Hom.in's Hist., Book 15, ^6. -17«»». RELIGION graded. Pythafjoras. In imitation of the Egyptian priests, Pythagoras l)r()fe.s.sed two different kinds of docti'ine, the one accomiiiodated to vulgar use, and the other re- served for the private ear of his favorite disci- ples. The object of '.he former was morality ; the latter consisted of many mysteries which we are i)robabl3' at no loss for being very little ac- ([uainted with. Five years of silence were req- uisite for preparing his scholars for the partic- ipation of these secrets. These disciples formed among themselves a sort of community ; they lived all in the same house together with their wives and children ; they had their goods in common, and their time was parcelled out and appropriated (o various exercises of mind and body, ^lusic was in high esteem with them, a.s a corrective of the ]iassions ; and they had one kind of music for the morning, to awaken and excite the faculties, and another for the evening, to relax and compose them. The notion which Pythagoras inculcated of the .soul's transmigra- tion through dilTerent bodies made his disciples strictlv alistain from animal food. — Tyti.kk's Hist.1I Book 2, eh. 0, p. 2(i;J. 4710. RELIGION, Husbandman's. Cutos Praj/er. It is in a ceremony called Solitaiirilia , and'according to.some Suori'tdiinliti, in which the country jieople made a jirocession round their lands, "and offered libations and sacrifices to ccr- UELIUION. 559 hctikli to iiif, my fiimily, and all my (loiucsiics.' ■pniacli is it tliat Cliristiaiis, tiiiil ol'lcri tain kimIh, ..." Father Mars," said tlic sn|)i)liaiif, " r liiimlily impldi'i' and cnnjuic yoti to Ix' lU'ii- pilidiiM and t'av(irai>l(f to me, my family, anil all my domi'Mlics, in rcf^ard to tlic occasion of the present procession in my lields, latals, and es- tate ; to prevent, avert, and remove from us all diseases, known and iird I. of France. . . . What gave weight to sentences of (his kind, which would otlierwi.se have been held in derision, was that policy of the pojies by which they took care to level their ecclesiastical thunder against those who had enemies powerful enough to avail themselves of the advantages which such sentences gave them against the party ex- communicated. Henry, it must be owned, thought of rather a mean revenge against the pontill. lly liis orders, a rultiiin .seized the pope while he wjis performing divine service, and after bruising and maltreating him, confined him to prison. The pontiff, however, soon recovered his liberty, and a.sseml)ling a council at llomo, pronouiu'ccl a formal sentence of deposition against the emperor. — Tvri.KiiV Hist,, Mook tt, eh. 7, p. 127. 4714. . LoidH AT. "The most Christian king" of France . . . eau.sed an attrac- tive woman to be taken from public licentious- ness, consecrated by the sacrament of marriage as the wife of a French nobh'inaii, and then in- stalled in his own jialace as his mistress. In re- turn she adored royalty and sided against the philosophers .... An abandoned female who ])leased the fancies of a corrupt old man became the symbol and the support of absolute power.— lUNinoK'r's I'. S., vol. (I, ch. 4H. 4715. RELIGION by Legislation. Romans. [The Fiiniieror (Jratian was celebrated for his piety.] 'I"hi' con.science of the cred\lous iirinee was (lireeted by .saints and bishop.'i, who i)ro- cured an im|)erial edict to punish, as a capital otTence, the \iolation, the neglect, or even tlio ignorance of the divine law. — UiiiiioN, vol. 3. 4710. RELIGION, Legislation against. /<-#- iiita. As the intluence of the .lesuit.s gave to France i;s only power over the Five Nations, the legislature of New York, in 17(11), made a law for hanging every Pojiish i)riest that should como voluntarily into the prn\ ince. " 'I'lu-law ought forever to continue," is the commentary of the historian, wholly unconscious of the true nature of his remark. — H.\N(HoI'T'.s U. S., vol. 3, ch. 21. 4717. RELIGION, Licensed. Ih/ King John. [There is a warrant of King .John's, dated from Normandy, in the early partof his reign, in which he says: I Know ye, that we have given license to Peter IJuillo to enter into any religion that he pleases, — Knkjut'k Eno., vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 340. 47 IS. RELIGION, Melancholy. C r o w w e 1 1. This passion [of the times] in the ardent and gloomy disposition of Cromwell almost pro- duced a di.sease of die imagination. He trembled for his eternal salvation, and dreaded lest he should not sacrifice enough for liis faith. He re- jiroached himself for an act of cowardly tolera- tion in permitting Catholic symbols, such as tlie cross on the summit, and other religious orna- ments, left by recent Protestantism, to remain upon the church at Huntingdon. He was im- pre.s.sed with the idea of an early death, and lived under the terror of eternal punishment. vVar- wick, one of his contemporaries, relates tliat Cromwell, seized on a particular occasion with a fit of religious melancholy, sent frcfiuently dur- ing the night for th(! phy.sician of tlie neighlior- ing village, that he might ti.'k to him of his doubts and terrors. He as.si.stv'd as,siduously at the preachings of those itinerant Puritan minis- ters who came to stir up polemical ardor and an- tipathies. — L.\.\t.\l{TINK's (,'ROMWKI.l;, p. 6. 4719. . Anabajitixts. [Hooker said of the Analiaptists :] Every word otlierwise than severely ancl sadly uttered" seemed to pierce like a sword through "them. If any man were pleas- ant, their manner was fervently, with sighs, to repeat those; words of our Saviour Christ, " Wo« he to you which now lituqh, for ye. shall lament." — Kni(;ht's Kno., vol. '3, ch. 16, p. 24.5. 4720. RELIGION, Misplaced. Military Cru- saders. The power of Constantine was distract- A60 RELIGION. 'i;i <'il l)y II Tiirkitli war , tlic iiiiiid of Henry wax tVchIc and irrcHolutc ; and llic pnpc, itiHlrud of p'passinir \h(' Alps with a (JiTinan army, wan acci)nipani('(l only liy a L'liard of seven litindred Swidiians and some voliinleers of liorrajne. In Ills lonu: |iro;fress from Manlna to Iteneventum, a vile and pnimisciioiis mnltitude ot' Italians was enlisted under tlie holy standard : tlie priest and tlie idhlii'r slept in tlie same tent ; tlie pilxcs and (•rosses Were inierndnu;led in the front ; and the martial saint repeated the lessons of his youth in the order of march, of eneam|>ment, and of eoinlial. — (JiitnoNH IIomk, . IT'Jil. RELIGION, Hiiunderatood. /Vv»'/< A. (/(itc. 'I'iie leirale addressed jjitherin a itraeious tuid fatherly manner, and in the name of the |>ope plairdy demanded of him tliat Ik; leeant Ids errors and |)romise to ahstain thereafter from the pro- muli^ation of all views that ndght, distract the Church. Two articles he slioultl recall and witli- dra\'' ; First, the denial that the "indulgence- treasure " of the ( 'hurch is the merit of our Lord Jesus Christ; secondly, his maintenance that a person who wishes to receive the Lord's S'lpper nuist id)ove all thinjrs possess the faitli and tiie in- ner conviction that his sins will lie forgiven him. Hereupon a discussion ensued between Luther and [Cardinal] Caj<'tan. The attendants of the latter audibly littered when they heard the ex- planations of the Au,!::ustinian moid^, so stranj^e iind curious did they seem to the Italians. In vain did Luther appeal to the Hibh; and il.s dec- larations concerning faith. — Kkin'h Luthkk, ch. ,'), ]). 53. .ir*ia. . Puntans Critkiml. If, from the outside i)ecidiarities which so easily ex- cite the Hucerof the superficial ob.server [.see No. 47;}1 1, W(! took t(, ;li(! genius of the s('clit.self, Puri- taiusm was religion struggling for the peojile. "' Its absurdities," says its (ineiny, " were the .shel- ter for the noble principles of liberty." It was its otllce to engraft the new institution.s of jxipu- lar energy upon the old European system of feu- dal aristocracy and popular .servitude ; the good was ])ermanent ; the outward emblems, which were the signs of party, were of transient dura- tion. — B.\Ni:ii()i'"T's U. S., vol. 1, ch. 10. 47'23. BELIOION, Mockery of. Roman Em- peror .\fir/iinl. Hut the most extraordinary feat- ure in the character of .Michael is the profane mockery of the religion of his countrj-. . . . A buf- foon of the court was invested in the robes of the patriarch ; his twelve inetropolitan.s, among whom the emperor was raidced, n.ssumed their ec- clesiastical garments; they \ised or abused the .sacred vesst'lsof the altar ; and, in their bacchana- lian feasts, the holy communion was admini.stered in a nauseous compound of vinegar and mustard. Nor were these impious spectacles conccsaled from the eyes of the city. On the day of a solemn fes- tival, the emperor, with his bisliops or buffoons, nxle on asses through the streets, encountered the true patriarch at the head of his clergy ; and by their licentious shouts and obscene gestures dis- ordered the gravity of the Chri.stian procession, — Gibbon's Romk, "ch. 48, p. 596. 4724. BELIOION without Morality. Arme- nian. [Archbishop Isaac was earnestly solicited by the Armenian nobles to sanction the removal of their unworthy king.] He deplored the man- ifest and Inexcusable vices of Artasires, and de- clared that he should not hesitate to accuse him before tin; tribunal of a Christian emperor, who would punish, without destroying, the sinner. " ( »ur king." conlimied Isaac, " is too nuich ad- dicted to licentious pleasures, but he has Ixu'n nurilled in the holy waters of baptism. H(! is li lover of women, but he does not adore the tire or the elements. He nniy deserve the reproacli of lewdness, but he is an undoubted Catholic ; and his faith is mire, though his nniimerH are tiagitious. I will never con.seiit to abandon my sheep to the rage of devoin'ing wolves ; and you would soon repent your rash exchange of the in- llrmities of a believer for the specious virtues of a heathen." — (Jhuion'h Uo.mk, ch. liiJ, p. '.WO. 4745. BELIOION, Motives in, ll,',ithnL The devout polytheist, though fondly attached to his niiiional rites, admilled with implicit faith the ditVerent religions of the earth. Kear, gratitude, tmd curiosity, a dream or an onten, a singular disorder, or a distant .journey, perpetually dis- posed him to nndtiply the articles of his belief, and to enlarge the li.s't of his protectors. — GlH- HoNs HoMK, eh. 'Z, p. 'M. 4720. BELIOION needful to the State, Moral- itji. [Seven years after the abolition of the (Com- monwealth aed the restoration of the i)rolligate Charles II., the historian writes :] The infamous .■orruplion of the higher classes was eating into the foundation of England's greatness. Her jjco- pl(! were losing that masculine simplicity, that liearty devotion toi)ul)lic and private duties, that religious earnestness — intolerant, no dovd)t — but rarely sinudaled by the followers of Calvin or the follow ers of Arminius in the greatest heat of their contlicts ; the English were losing that nationality whos(! excess may be ludicrous, but whose utter want is despicable. — Knkiht's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 17, p. 295. 4727. . PatriotiHm. [Their] motive [for favoring the Ileformation] was their [the peo- ])le's] avowed hatred of the religion which Aus- tria ]irotected, and their enthusia.stic attachment to a doctrine which that House was endeavoring to extirpate by tire and sword. Their attachment was ardent, their luitred invincible. Religious fanaticism anticipates even the remotest dangers. l"]nthu«iasm never calculates its sacrifices. What the most i)re.ssing danger of the State could not effect with the citizens was effected by religious zeal. For the State or for the prince few would have drawn the sword ; but for religion, the mer- chant, the artist, the peasant — all clieerfully tlew to arms. For that State or for the jirince even the smallest additional impo.st would have been avoided ; but for religion the people readily staked at once life, fortune, and all earthly hopes. It trebled the contributions which flowed into the exchequer of the princes, and the armies which marched to the field ; and, in tlie ardent excitement produced in all minds by the peril to which their faith was exposed, the subject felt not the pressure of those burdens and priva- tions under which, in cooler moments, he would have sunk exhausted. The terrors of the Span- ish Iiupiisition and the massacre of St. Bar- tholomew's procured for the Prince of Orange, the Admiral Coligny, the British Queen Eliza- beth, and the Protestant princes of Germany supplies of men and money from tlieir subjects, UHLKiloX. r.ci L'Ct to a (Ici^rcc which nt present Is liieoiierlviil)le. — TiiiUTH Vkakh' Waii, ^11 JT'iM. RELIGION, Oooaiion of, MukI, n/. Kvcii Mceplicism i-* tllllde lo supply Mil ilpnldify fur Hii perHliiiiiii. Tlie i^rciit ami iii('ihle > Kiriil of the iiiiiscr^e eludes Ijie iiKpiiry of iiiiin. Where reiison eiimiol iiislniel, eiislom iiiiiy he periiiitli'd to i^iiiile ; and every iialion seems to eoiisiijl llie dielales of priliieiiee hy a faillifill atlaeiinieiit to Ihosr riles and opiiijoiis wliieli have received the sanction of aires. If lliose imes have lieeii crcvviied with ;;lory and prosperity, if the devout pi'ople liaM' Ireipielilly olit:iilled llie hlessinijs which they iiave solicited at lln' altars of the ;rods, ii must appear still more ad\ isalile to pc'i'sisl in the same salutary praeliee, and not to risk th(^ unUnown perils that may attend any rash innovations. — (JiiiitoNs Homi;, eh. 'JH, I). i:r>. .|T'i». RELIGION, Oppressive, ('ntmn/ of Murii- land, '{'he clause for Illicit v in Maryland extend- ed only to Christians, and was introduced hy the jiroviso that, " Whatsoever person hIiiiII IiIiis- j)lie,Me (lod, or shall reproach or deny the Holy I'rinity, or any of the 'I'hree I'ersoiiH, thereof, shall he punished with death." — Hanchokt's U. S., vol. 1. eh. 7. 'ir;»0. RELIGION, Natural. raijunH. A fa- mous lej,dslator, Zaieucus hy nimu! . . . r('(iuires ahove all tliiii;;s, of the citizens, to lielicve and he tirmly jierHuaded that there are _t;o(ls ; and adds, thai the hare castiiiLC up our eyes to the heavens a 11(1 conlein plat ill,!.; I heir order and tieauty are suf- licieiit to conviiic(^ us that it isimpo.ssihieso won- derful a fahri(! could have heeii formed liy iiu're chance or human power. As the natural conse- (pieiiee of this helief, he e.xhorts men to honor and revere the ijods as the authors of whatever is^iod and just ainoni; mortals ; and to honor them, not merely hy siicritices and splendid ^ifts, liut by ii eircuiiis[K'ct. conduct, and hy purity and iiuio- cence of manners, these? lieinjr intinitely inorc! ffraleful to the deities than all the saerilices thai can heolTered. After lliise.xordium, so ]ire!:'naiit with reli;;ion and piety, in which hedescrilies the Siiprenie iJeiiii; as the primary source whence all laws tlow, as the chief a\ithorily which coiii- iiiands oheilieiice lo them, as the most powerful inotivt' forour faithful ohservancu of them, and as the i)erl'ect model to which mankind oufrht to conform, he descends to the particulars of those! duties wliich mi'ii ()W(> to one another, and lays down a iireci'pl which i.s very well adapted to ]>reserve peace and unity in society by enjoininjj the individuals who compose it not to' make their haired and dissensions [)erpetual, which would evince an unsociable and sava.tre disposition, Imt to treat their enemies as men who wculd soon be their friends. This is earryiiii^ morality to as j^retit a iierfection as could be expected from lieathens. — lioi.UN's Hist., Hook 7, eh. !3, S 1- 4738. RELIGION paradoxical. Pnritahs. This wa.s the Puritan belief in England in the seven- teenth century. The reason starts at it, but all religion is paradoxical to reason. God hates sin, yet sin exists. He is omnipotent, yet evil is not overcome. The will of man is free, or there can be no .guilt ; yet the action of the will, so far as experience can throw light on it.s operation, is as much determined by antecedent causes as every other natural force. Prayer is addressed to a Heing imsumed to he oninlsrient, who known belter what is good for us than we can know ; who sv'cs our Ihoiiirhls without re(|uirlng to hear them in woi.ls ; whose will Is fixed iiiid cannot be clianv'ed. I'rayer. therefore, in the eye of reason, is an Impertinence. The Piiriliin theol- ogy is not more open to objeciion on the uroiind of iiiiieasoii.'ibleiiess than the Catholic llienlogy, or any other which regariN man as answerable to (iod for his conduct. \\ ■ must .jiidue of a creed by ils ell'eclson character, as we |udL;e ' f the wholesoineiiess of food as it conduces to bodily heallli. And the creed which swept like a w,'i\e tliroiiirh Miiglaiid at thai time, and ree- ommeiideil itself to the noblest and most powrT- fill inlellecls, produced also in those who iicce|)t- eil it a horror of sin. and enlhusiasin for jiisticrt, purity, and manliness, which can be |iarallele(l only in the first age of Christianity.— FuorDK's Mt'NVAN, ch. 'i. 'irst'i. RELIGION, Peculiarities in. I'ltvitans ill At ir HiKjhiiiil. They were opposed to wigs ; they could preach ii.i:aiiist veils ; they deiioimcecl long hair ; they disliked the cross in the banner, as much as the people of Paris disliked the lilies of the Mourboiis, and for analogous reasons. They would not allow Christinas day to be kept sacred ; they calleil neither months, nor days, nor seasons, nor churches, nor inns by the names common in England ; they revived Scripluro names at christenings ; . . . ])rohibited frivolous fashions in their own dress; and . . . c hecking extravagance even in woman, frowned on her hoods of silk and her scarfs of tiffany, extended the length of her sleeve to the w risi, and limited its greatest width to half an ell. . . . They mar- rii'd without a minister, and buried the di.'ad without a i)rayer. — liANCKoKr's L'. S., vcjI. 1, ch. 10. 4T!I!I. RELIGION, Persecution of. /.'i'riiil tliniiH', ili'piisi'il tlii> imlrijiri'li in llic iniilsl of lih triiiin|>li ; iiml it ciniiicil of tlic rliiircli l)i'in;r culled at Mils tiiiii', ill itiiinr, i'linliiis wiiH llimilillioiisly ('iiiiilrtilliril to ijii pcil- unci' I'lir Ills iisiii'|iitti ulillily, pi'rvalli'il oil III!' cinpi'i'itr to rciiisiiiic him a-< palriarcli. ami In' was now ili'clarcil iiinoci'iil li.V lour liiimlri'il liis||o|is, tlini' liiimln'dol' wlioiii were llic saiiir men who hail lict'orc Mi>;n('il hi-i comlrmmitioii. 'I'IiIm in a (lis^rntcct'ii! picliiri' of (li'pravily ; Init coiiTii'iii'i- ami rcliuioii arc too weak loi'omli.ii a;;aiiisl Slate |)olicv. — 'I'yii.ku'n MiHT , IJooU (I, ch. •», p, It"). 47:iA. BELIOION and Politioi, Aurinit l{<> iniiiiH. 'V\w iiomaiis hIiowciI a spirit of lolcralion to the I'cli^Moii-toiiiiiioiis of olher mitions, liccaiise th(;y foiiml iiothiiii; in tiiesc which aii: "il al Ihi^ sultversinii of iheir own rclii;ion, nor nnythin^ of that /.cal of nmkin;jj converts which ho re nmrkahlv ilistinj^iiiMheil the votaries of Ohris- tiiinily. 'riie reli;rioiiof the Itonmns was inscp.i- riibly inlerwoven with their system of ;rovern- ment. 'I'lie Christian^, liy exiioslnij; the iilisiiril- ities of their system of wurship, in elTcct iimlcr- mined the falirie of their political constilulion ; niid hence they were not without reason consid- orcd hy the; Itomaiw as a dan^jeroiis hody of men, whom it liecame the interest of the empire to suppress and extermiiiate. llciict! thosi! op- prohrioiis epithets with which they have lieen slii^matized hy tlu^ Itomiin writers, and hence those crnel persecntioiiH which they underwent from the emperors and their dei)Utics in the provinces, — Tvti.kii'h Hist., IJook 5, ch. 4, p. !J. .«T:I«. religion, Power of. l)nii,h in Ihit- itin. Their relii,don was that of the Druids, the uncertainty re^^ardini,' whn.se jMirticMdiir tenets is universally acknowledtci'd. It is, however, generally agreed that they tutighl tlie helief of one (Jod, O('iitorof the iiiuverse ; of tiie liiniteil duration of tile world, and its dcsti action hy tire ; of tlie immortality of the human soid, and its transmigration through dilTerent liodies, in which the just and the wicked met with a retri- bution for tlu'ir conduct in Ww present state ; but on these doctrines, as general principles, tiiey weined to have reared an ii'uneiisosuperstructuro of fable. Their worship was polluted by the horrid prtictico of human sacritico ; and thi; chief olllci! of their priests was to divine future events from the; tlowing of the blood of tlu; victim, or the jxisturc in which he fell after receiving the fatal blow. The inlluence of this religion was .so great as to extend over every department of the government of the Urilons. TIk; Druids W(!re not oidy the priests, but the judges, ('ivil and (irinunal ; and the bondage in which they held the minds of the p(!ople was so strict as to supply the place of laws. The Romans, after the conquest of Gaul, found it impossible to rec- oncile to their laws and institutions the nations whom they had subdued, while this religion sul)- sisted, and in this instance were obliged to de- part from th(;ir usual principles of toleration. They abolished the religion of the Druids by the severest penal enactments. — TYTiiKK'sHisT., Book 6, ch. 4, p. 108. JTSy. BELIGION, Preparatory. Wci^t Indians. Columbus at tirst indulged in fhe error that the natives of Huyti were destitute of ull notions of religion, and he had conseiinently flattered him Nelf that il would he the easier to Introduce into ilieir minds the doctrines of ('hrisliaiiity ; not aware that il is more dilllc.dt to light up the llni of devotion in the cold heart of an iilheiHt tinkii to direct the lliime to a new objeri, when It Ih already enkindled. 'I'bereare few beings, how- ever, so destitute of rellection as not to Ih! im- pressed with the conviction of an overniliiiK deity. A nation of atheists never exislci. Puritanism gave New Kngliiid its worship and its schools ; the Itonian church created for Canada iLs altars, its liospitals, and its .seminaries.- -HANciioi-'T'rt U. S., vol. ;{, ch. at). IT'IO. RELIGION, Progreislve. MuhomH'ii. The illiterate character and ignoranei! of Mii- homet. In his younger days, Icavi! no doubt that, in the composition of this work, Ik; niiiHl have hi'.u :ible a.ssistanls ; but as he was po8H(!8.se(i of strong natural talents and a brilliant imag- ination, the chief merit was, in all probabil- ity, his own. The |)roduction of the work in small and detached jmrcels was a iiighly politic measure ; for liy leaving it in his power to add to it from time to lime, according as he wius fa- vored with new revelations, he had it in his power to remove or explain any errors or inconsisten- cies, the detectioii of which might otherwise have been fatal to his imposture. — TvTi, Kit's lIiHT., Hook (i, ch. 1, 1). W. -1741. RELIGION, Revolution in. Britain. Henry VHI., the Caligula of Britain, in a tit of anger against the Church of liome, changed the religion of his kingdom. This was the greatest act ')f ab.solute authority ever exercised by one man over an entire nation. The caiirice of ii king became the conscience of the peoi)le, and teiiiponil authority subjugatc'd their souls. The old Catholicism, repudiated by the sovereign,^ was abandoned to indiscriminate pillage anil derision, with its dogmas, liii'rarcliy, clergy, monks, monasteries, ecclesiastical pos-se-ssious, territorial fiefs, hoarded riches, and temples of worship. The l{oman Catholic faith became u crime in the kingdom, and its name a scandal and reproach to its followers. National apostasy was as sudden and overwhelming as a cl") of thunder; the ('atholic nation had disappeared beneath the English nation. — fiAM.\KTiNE'8 Ckomwki.i., p. 7. 4742. RELIGION ridiculed. Enf/laiid [Early reign of Queen Mary.] 'I'lie restoration of the IIIM.IOION. 60.') old worHliip wiiH f()||ii\v'<' ">•' liallails wliicli Wrri' (■licillati'd ill liKickriy nf the Illiis>«, llic piiliiplllrls wliji'li ntllli- I'i'oiil till' ('.kill's (iviT Hi'il, till M'llitiiMiH liniMiNidrs driipprd in tlir strrrls, till' lull I'Iniii's in wliirli tlir inn.t HiicrnI ai'lH id' till' (lid i'rlii;i/ J'lifii/iiiiiliiM. A riiiiiv;ini^ parly ol' ilic ('o|iiiiist.>i, . , . Iiaviii;; Htolin (In- daiiL;liti'r of I'owliatan, dcinandcd of Iiit I'iiIIht a I'an.soiii lolin Uolfi', "an lioncst and discrci't" yoiiiij; I'Iii^IIhIi- man, an ainialilc ciillinsia.st, . . ! dally, lioiirly, and, a.t it were, in his very .sleep, lieaiil a voii-e 4'ryin!.' in liis ears that Ik^ .should Htrive to make lier II ('liriHtiiin. . . . After ii >?real stnijr^le of mind and lielievin^ prayer.s, . . . winning; H i> favor of I'oeahoiiliis, he, desired her in mar- iiiiK^'. ... Ill the little (hiireh of .Jamestown . . . Opuchisco, her uncle, wave the bride iiway. — ll.\N(ll()l''r'H iliHT. Ol'' r. S., vol. I, eh. l. ' ■17 1 1. RELIGION, Ruled by. /hiriiix. |Ar laxeiMs, his son. I lleinj; near his father's lied when he was dyin^, he asked him, a few mo- ments hefore he exjiircd, what had lu-enthe rule 'i account of his rcliirions o|)in- ioiiH. Afterward he Iravelh^d on the Continent ; wius ajfiiiii a student at .Saumer ; returned to study law ;il London ; went to I'- land ; liecaiiu! a soldi('r ; heard the preaciiinj; of Lc;-, and was ('onv(Tle(l (') the (Quaker faith. His disappoint- ed father drove him out of doors, liut he was not to he turned from his course. lie ])ul)licly proclaimed tlu! doctrines of the Friends ; was Hrrested and imprisoned for nine luonlhs in the Tower of London. Being released, he repeated the otTeiice, and lay for half a ytNir in a dungeon jit Xewgale. A second time lilieratcd, hut de- spairing of toleration for his people in i'lngland, lie cast his ira/.e across tlie Atlantic. — Uidi'.vtii's I . S., ch. 2."), p. 210. i7Ui. RELIGION of Savages. Wixt TndutuK. It was .soon discovered tliat these islanders had their creed, though of a vague and simple nature. They lielieved in one Sui)reme Being, inhabiting the skj', who was immortal, omnipotent, anil invisible ; to whom th(!y ascribed an origin, who had a mother, but no father. Thev never ad- dressed their worship directly to him, but em- jiloyed inferior (Udties, called Zi'ines, as messen- gers and mediators. . . . They believed their Zcmes to be transferable, with all their powers, und often stole them from eiicli other. When the Spaniards came aniunK them they often hid their Idols, lest they shoiilii be taken aw.iy. 'V\w.y belli'V I that lliisc Zeines pn'sided over every object in iiaiiire, each liaviii;; a pariii iilar charg*! or government. They intlueiiced the seiison.H and the eleinentH, causing sterile or abundant years : exciting hurricanes and whirlwinds, and tempests of rain and Ihiiiider, or sending sweot and temperate breezes iind fruitful showerK. — iitviNo'K Com MUCH, Book (I, ch. 10. '17 IT. RELIGION, Seoulariied, liinii IV. Henry had now fully iiiiide up his mind to the important measure the "perilous leap," as hu expressed it -wllich lie saw to be indispelisidily necessary to the |ieaceable recognition of idn rights. A conference look place, . . . and after a deliberation of live iionrs the king declared himself perfectly satislled of the truth of the Ciitholie religion. Twodays later he pioieeded to St. i )eiiis, w here he was met at the door of the ehiirch by the .Vrehblshop of Bourges, with seven other prelates, Kallingon his knees, Henry solemnly aiijured his Calvinistic errors, and made inofession of the Catholic, Koman, and .\postolic faith, upon which the arelibisho|) absolved him provisionally, and restored him to the commiiiiioii of the ('hurch. — Si'idkntm' Fit.VNri;, ch. IM, < (t. miH. RELIGION, Si^nR of. .\r,i/i.,„„t. The ceremonies of circumcision, ablution, and the pilgrimiige to Mecca he n^coinmeiuled as (ex- terior 1111(1 visible signs, by which Uod desired tliat man should signify his belief of tlu! more speculative teiK'ts of his religion.— Tyti.kub IIiHT. , Book «l, ch. I, [). .')2. 47.|». RELIGION, Simple. S<;iii(Hiiriiicipl('S were the foundation ..f tiieir religion, and intlueiiced their whole 'induct. Tlie.se were, " to serve the Siii;.-eme Being with prayer and sacrifice ; to do no wrong or uiijuHt actions ; and to ho valiant and intrepid in tight." These Were the princi|)les of the ancient religion, wllich, although aceomyianied by a most wild and extravagant mythology, yet resting on thin jiure and simple basis, had a wonderful effect upon tli(! character and manners of tin; people. — TvTM.:ii's Hist., Book .'), ch. (I, p. 2H, 4750. RELIGION, State. Cilon!/ of Virr/inia. ,\.i). Uif(2. The Knglish Kpi.scoi>al Cliurcii be- came once more the religion of the State ; and tliou.irh there were not ministers in above a fifth ])art of the parishes, so that the church wiw scattered ... in the wilderness, yet the law.s demanded strict conformity, and reipiired of every one to contribute to the su])|iort of the Es- tablished Church. . . . No Nonconforini.st might teach, even in ])riviite, under pain of bi.rdshment; no reader might expound the catechisni or the Scri])tures. . . . Absence from church was for them [the Quakers] an offence, punishable liy a monthly tine of t20 sterling. — B.vncuokt 8 U. S., vol'. 2, ch. 14. 475 1 . RELIGION, A Statesman's. liUiiuirck. " I can only In le for forgiveness in a contidence upon the blood of Christ I As a statesman, I am not sufficiently disinterested ; in my own mind, 604 UKMUIOX— UENOWN. I ivm ratlic" rownnlly ; beciiUHc i; is not easy iil- WuyM to ;^('l tliiit {'IcaniCHS on llic (iiicstioiis coin- Mi-j; hd'orc me which grows upon liic soil of di- vine con. hiciicc . . . Ainonit tiic iniilliliidc of Kiniicrs wiio arc in iiccd of tlic mercy of Ood, I liopc ihal His grace will ii.tt deprive me of the stalT of hiiinl)le faitl'. in the midst of tiie dan- gers and doid)ts of i-iy calling." W'c o'oscrve also tl:at he had his children imili hapli/.ed and contirincd, and that, if he is uiiahli' to attend church, he usually has prayers read by some young "I'rgyinan ut h()n'«^ — ('YCi.orlcniA ok Hkki., p. ():il. 475*. RELiaiON, A suoceimful. Mahotiutan. The rapid success which attcmU'd the propaga lion of the reli;^i<)n of .Mahomet may he account- <^^\ for from a few natural and simpler causes. i'Ik tir.st df these was certainly that signal favor which attended his arms, and, as we shall iniine- ulat(!ly .see, those of liin succe.-isors. 'I'liemanial .spirit, whc". inl'ained by the enthusiasm <»f re- ligion, is irresistihlo ; tiiid while repeated victo- ries pcu'.suaded many of a divine interposition in favor of the I'rophet and his law, the terror of Ids arms inclined others .sulanissively t(; receive tliatreligicM which was propagated by the sword. Neither was it .surprising that a religion which adapted itself so entirely to the passions of men should find a number of willing votaries among the lu.'iurious natious of the East. — TYTLEit's Hist., Book 0, ch. 1, p. 53. 4753. BELIOION, Sunpression of. Jews. As soon as he | A'ltiochus' general) arrived in Jeru- salem, he began by putting a stop to the sacri- tices which were ollered up to the God of Israel, and SI \)!)ressing all tlie observances of the Jew- ish la\/. They i)olluted the temple in such ,'i manner that it was no ijiiger tit for tlie service of God ; profaned 'he Sabbatlis and other festi- vals ; forbid the circumcision of children ; car- ried off and burnt all the copies of the law wherever they could find ♦hem ; abolished all the ordinances of God in every part of the coun- try, and put to death who(!ver was found to have acted contrarv to the decree of the king. — Hoi.- LiN's Hist., iJook 19, ch. 3, ^5 8. 4754. RELIGION, Thoughtless. SamuelJohn- son. [IJoswKi.i;.] I told him that Goldsmith had said to ine a few da3's before, " As I take my shoes from the shoemaker, and m}^ coat from the tailor, so I take my religion from the priest." I regretted tiiis loose way of talking. Johnson : "Sir, lu! knows nothing ; he lias made up his mind about nothing." — Boswell's Jonxsox, p. 204. 4755. RELIOION, Toleration in. SamuelJohn- ton. Talking on the subject of toleration one day when some friends were with him in his study, he made his usual remark, that tiie State has a right to regulate the religion of the people, who are the children of the State. A clergyman having readily acquiesced in this, Johnsoa, who loved discussion, ob.served, " But, sir, you must go round to other States tlian our own. You do not know what a Brahmin lias to say for him- self. In short, sir, I have got no farther than this : every man has a right to utter what he thii:ks truth, and every other man ':>as a right to knock him down for it. Martyrdom is the test." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 433. I75<(. RELIGION, Vacillation in. Ih/iriff Kiiiij Charhx II. .Many attributed this apathy to conlcmiit for divine things, and many to the stii- ])or which often precedes death ; but thiTt; were in the i>aliice a few iicr.soiis who knew belter. Charles had never b.'cn a sincere member of the Estai)lislic(l ('liun'h. His mind had long oscil- lated betwc(Mi Hobbism and i>operv. When his lieailli was good and his spirits high, lu? was a scolicr. Ill his few serious moments ho was a Hoiiian Catholic, — M.\iai:l.\y'h Eno., ch. 4, p. 404. 4757. RELIGION, Value of. Tulhe State. The Uomans knew and valued tiie advantages of re- ligion, as it is connected with civil government. They encouraged the public festivals wliich hu- iiiaiii/.c the manners of the people. They man- aged the arts of divination, as a convcnieut in- struinent of policy ; and they respected, as the tirmest bond of sot'icty, the useful persuasion, that , either in this or in a future life, the crime of perjury is most assuredly ]iunislied by the aveng- ing gods. — Giuuon's Home, ch. 2, p. 37. 475S. REMEDY by Fire. Chinese. There is no science more cultivated by the Chinese than that of medicine, yet there is none in wliich their knowledge is so contemptible. There is not a j)liysician among them who knows anything of the internal structure of the human body. They determine the nature of all diseases by feeling the pulse, and the most usual cure for any top- ical affection is searing the parts afTected with a liot iron. The fooiisl- ilief of an tlixir ritir is predominant in Chi .nd is a great object of the researches of the. i)hy.sicians. — Tytlki{'s lIisT., BookO, ch. 24, p. 343. 4759. REMEDY, A strange. \VaiUng. In Abyssinia ... a favorite regime for fever is to surround the bed of the patient with old ladies of strong lungs, who howl and wail for several days together, lamenting the prospect of the .suiierer's deatli, and at the least sign of torpor the unhappy victim is instantly buried. — Ar- pleton's Cyclopedia, " Abyssinia." 4760. REMORSE. Persecutor's. Charles IX. Charles IX. on his death-bed suffered fearfully from the agonies of remorse in looking back on the atrocities which had disgraced his reign, and which, if not their original autlior, he had at least culpably sanctioned. His couch was fre- quently bathed in blood, a natural consequence of his disease ; and this was interpreted bj' many into a .sort of judicial retribution on his crimes. — Sti:i)ENTs' France, ch. 16. ^ 12. 4761. REMORSE, Royal. E(hrard IV. [The last few] years of his life . . . were not years of ca.se and jirosperity. The clironiclers say that his ren.orsc for the death of Clarence was con- stant and bitter [his brother, against whom he appeared in person, urging on the false cl irge of treason. He was found guilty and .sentenced to be executed, but was found dead in prison, supposed to be murdered by his connivance], and that he was wont to cry out in rage, "O un fortunate brother, for whose lit? no man in this world once make request!" — Knight's Eng. , vol. 2, ch. 11, p. 175. 470ii. RENOWN for Honesty. Aristidca. The greatest honor which the ancients have done to Aristides is the having bestowed on him the glo RENOWN-UKPENTANCE. 5G5 rUniH title of t/ic ,/iinl. IIl' jfiiiiicd it, not by one I);irticiiliir occiirrciifc of liis life, l)ut by tiie wliolu t'.'iior of 1 is coiKluct tiiid actions. — Uoi,- lin'8 Hist., IJoolv 0, th. 2, % lb. • r«:i. RENOWN of Infamy, h'rastnitiix. One Kroslralus had set tire to liic temple [of Diana at Kpliesii.s| on ]/urpose. IJeinj; i)ut to the tort- ure, in order to force him to confess his motive for eommittinij; so ii, famous an action, lie owned that it was with the view of niaUinj? himself known to posterity, and to immorlali/.e Ids uiiine, by destroyinii so noble a structure. The stjites- ^eneral of Asia ima,, ^ 1. trtil. RENOWN, Literary. Sninn,! .lnh„so,i. |()n the death of Dr. Samuel .lolmson.l in ITSt, it has been .said " it was not only the end of a re'gn. but tlie end of kingship altogetlicr, in our literary system. For King Sanuiel has had no successor ; nobody since his day, and that of his contenn)()rary Voltai.o, has .sat on a tlirone of Literature either in England or France." — G. L. c;it.viu, IN Knkiht's Eno., vol. 7, eh. 5, p. 8"). 4765. RENOWN, Noble. Pn-irhs. He was inf(!cted with the pestilence;. Heing extremely ill, and ruidy to breathe his last, the jjrincijial citizens, and siich of his friends as had not for- saken him, discoursing together in his bed- <:hand)er about his rare merit, they ran over his e.\l)loils, and (U)mputed the number of his victo- ries ; for wlule he was generalissimo of the Athe- nians, he had ertcted for the glory of their city nine tro])hies, in memory of as niiuiy battles gained by him. They did not imagine that Per- icles heard what they were .saying, because lie seemed to liave lost his senses ; bi\t it wr.s far otlierwi.se, for not a single word of their the de- scendaiitsof Van l{e!is.selaer,oneof theold Diitcli )iatrooiis of N(nv Netherlands, had held a claim on certain lands in the counties of Rensselaer, Columbia, and Delaware. In litpiidation of this claim they had continued to receive from the farmers certain tritiing rents. At last the farm- ers grew tired of the payment and rebelled. From 1840 until 1844 the (juestion was frequently di.scussed in the Xi'W York JjCgislature ; but no stilisfactory settleir.ent was reached. In the lat- ter year the anli-n-nt i)arty became so bold as to coat with t!ir uihi feathers tho.se of their fellow- tenants who made the payments. Oflicers were sent to apprehend tiu! rioters, and them they killed. Time and again the authorities of the State v.cre invoked to (piell the disturbers, and the (piestion in dispute has never been perma- nently .settled.— lliDi'.vrii's U. 8., ch. .^G, p. 444. 4767. REPARATION for Disloyalty. Aiimti,- vli.s. A.I). 1774. When it appeared that this *)lTer to Imrii the tea did not wholly satisfy tin; crowd, the owner of the brig . . . proposed to thnotc! that also to th',; tlam«s. The olTer was uccc|)led. The penitent importers and owner went on board, and in the ])ri'.scncc of a large inul- litude of gazers they tlu.'inscilves set tin; to the packages of tea J'-'Ii^O ])ounds], all of which, to- gether with the Peggy Stewart, her canvas, cord- age, and every ai)i>nr1cnance, was consuiiKai. [This brig brought tea from London, while the colonies refused to import it and pay thetea-tax, and the Continciilal Congress wasin session con- sideriiiir the whole subjei 1. 1 — HANt'KoK'r's I'. H., vol. 7, Ch. 1-2. 476N. REPARTEE, Apt. Join, ]V>xl,i/. "Sir," said a bluslciing, li.u ,i\i-,i man, who attemi)te(i to i)nsli agaiiivl .loliii WCsley and throw him down— "sir, 1 never make way fora fool." " I always do," replied Wesley, ste])i)iiig aside and l)assing calmly on. — Sti:vkns' Mktiiodis.m, vol. 2, p. 380. 4769. REPENTANCE, Attractive, ^f. A\)'). 477!!. EEPRESENTATIVE, Punished in. Kiii'i of Kntjli :hI. 'IMie kiuii: • ■ • is above the reach of all courts of law ; hut his tin'iiintfrH, his indis- pen.sahle instruments, are answerable for all the measures of irovernnienl. All misap])li(;ati()nH of the i)ublic money, .nil ruinous and imi)roper oxi)e(litions, idl abuses of jjower are charjj^eablo to tlu'ir account; and the Commons, the ;^uar- dians of the Consiiuilion, have a ri^fhl to impeach them at the; bar of the House of Lords. A min- ister impeached for misconchu t cannot pleud in excuse th(^ commands of the .sovereign, nor will it avail him, pleiidinij .^'llilty to the charge, to produce the royal pardon, ile nuist suffer as the author of those measures of ■■ ■•Inch he was the instrument : a noble and most effectual anti- dote against the evils of misgovernmcnt ! — Tyt- LKii's Hist., Book 6, ch. 31, p. 4:57. 477 I. REPRIMAND, Fictitious, hi Fayctk. [H(^ had comi)licate(l relations between France and Fngland by joiinng the American patriots on hi , return.] He was received in France with gr(;at distinction, which he anuisingly describes : " When I went to court, which had hitherto only written for me orders for my arrest, I was prescuited to the ministers. I was interrogated, complimented, and exiled — to the hotel where my wife was residing. Some days after, I wrote | to the king to acknowledge i^y./Vn/Z^. I received i in rci)ly a light reprimand and the colonelcy of i the lloyal I)ragoons. Consulted by all the min- ' isters, and, what was much better, embraced b^' ! all the women, I had at Versailles the favor of [ the king, and celebrity at Paris." — Cyclopkdf.v OF Bioo., p. 479. 4773. REPRIMAND of Kindness. Samuel Johmnn. He nuich regretted that \m first tutor was dead, for whom he seemed to retain the greatest regard. He .said, " I once had been a whole morning sliding in Christ-Church mead- ows, and missed his lecture in logic. After dinner he sent for me to his room. I expected a sliarp rebuke for my idleness, and went with a beating heart. When we were seated, he told me he liad sent for me to drink a glass of wine with him, and to tell me he was not angry with me for missing his lecture. This was, in fact, a most severe reprimand." — Boswei-l's Johnson, p. 71. 4776. REPRISAL, An Honest. Cr neell. An English merchantship was taken in >■ chops of the Channel, carried into St. ]\IaIo, and there con- tiscated [by the French] upon some groundless pretence. [The master of the ship, an honest Quaker, appealed to the Protector, who told his council that he would take that affair upon him- self. He examined the master, and then] he asked him if he could go to Paris with a letter. j The man answered he could. "Well, then," j says the Protector, " i)repare for your journey, I and come to me to-morrow morning." Next ! morning he gave him a letter to Caniinal Maz- arin, and told him he nuist stay but three days for an answer. "The answer I mean," says he, " is the full value of what y(ui nught have made of your ship and cu-go ; and tell the Cardinal that if it is not paid you in three days you have express orders from me to return home." The honest, blunt Quaker, we may suppo.se, followed his instructions to a tittle ; but the (!ardinal, ac- eon.ing to the maimer of ministers when they are any way pressed, began to .shuffle ; therefore the (Quaker returned, as he was bid. As soon as the Prot,('tor saw him, hca.sked, " Well, friend, have you gf)t your monc^y ?" And ui)on the man's answering he had not, the Protector told him, "Then leave your direction with my .secre- tary, and you shall soon hear from me." Upon this occasion that great man did not stay to nego- tiate or to exi)lain, by long, tedious memorials, the reasoiial)lenessof his demand. No ; though then! Wiis a French minister residing here, he did not so much as actpiaint him with the story, but immediately .sent a man-of-war or two to the Channel, wilh orders to seize every French ship they could meet with. Accordingly, the}' re- turned in a few days with two or three French prizes, which the Protector ordered to be innn(!- diately sold, and out of (he produce he jiaid the Quaker what he demanded for his .slup and cargo. Then he sent for the French IVlinister, gave him an account of what had hapi)ened. and told him there was a balance, which, if he pleased, .shoidd be paid in to him , to the end that he might deliver it to those of his countrymen who were the owners of the Fri^nch ships that had been so taken and sold. — Iloou's Cho.m- WEi.L, eh. IG, p. 211. 4777. REPROACH, Escape from. JVapoleon I. [During his l\gyptian campaign he with a party of scientitic men visited Suez. The tide rose twenty feet, and, coming suddenly, they were greatly endangered for a time. ] ' ' Had I perished in that manner, like Pharaoh," said Napoleon, " it would hare furnished all the preachers in Christendom with a magniticent text against me." — Abuott's N.m'oi.kon B., vol. 1, ch. 13. 4778. REPROACH, Gentle. Anaxagoms. [Being destitute he resolved to starve.] Pericles conjured him, in the strongest and mo.-.t moving terms, not to throw his life away ; adding, that it was not Anaxagoras but himself that was to be lamented, if he was so unfortunate as to lose so wise and faithful a friend ; one who was so capable of giving him wholesome counsels, in the pressing emergencies of the State. Anaxa- goras then, vmcovering a little his head, spoke thus to him : " Pericles, tliose who need the light of a lamp take care to feed it with oil. " Thi.s was a gentle and at the same time a keen and piercing reproach. — Rollin's Hist., Book 7, ch. 3, § 2. 4779. REPROOy, Meekness in. Dr. Taylor. [The martyr was burning at the stake.] One of the executioners " cruelly cast a fagot at him, which hit upon his head and brake his face that the blood ran down his visage. Then said Dr. Taylor, ' () friend, I have harm enough — what needed that ?' " One more act of brutality I UEPIi(KJF— REPUTATION. 567 hrouj^lit liis sufTcriii^H to lui end. " So .stood ho still without 'jithcr crying or moving, w 1th hi.s Imnd.s folded together, till Hoyce witli ii hulhcrd struck him on the heiid that the hrains fell out, and the dead corp.se fell down into the lire." — JIlST. OK J^NO. Feoplk, g 060. 4rSO. EEPBOOF, Undeserved. Dr. AriwhI. Omv lit [juleimm, when teaching a rather dull hoy, he .spoke rather Hhari)ly to him, when the pupil looked u\) in his face and said, " Why do you H|)eak angrily, sir ? iiidced I am doing tlui best that I can." Years afterward he . . . said, " I never felt so nnich in mv life — that look and that speech I hav(! never I'orgotten." — Smii.kh' HUIKK BlOORAlMIIKS, p. 70. 4781. BEPROOF, Undisturbed by. Wanhinu- fan. A g(Mitleman once slept at iVIount Vernon in the room . . . [nearby] lie overhearil, through the thin partition, the voice of Mrs. Washington. 1I(^ could hut listen, and it was a curtain lectun; which she was giving her lord . . . The great man listened in silence till she had done, and then, without a remark ujmju the subject in hand, said : " Now, good sleep to you, my dear." — CYC I-OI'KDIA ov Bioo., p. 10. jriS. BEPUBLIC in Decay. Roman. Thus bloodily ended the Civil War, which the Senate; of Home had undertaken against Cfesar, to es- cape the reforms which were threatened by his second consulship. They had involuntarily rendered their country the best .service which ihey were capabh; of conferring 111)011 it, for the attempts which Ciesar would have made to amend a system too decayed to benefit by the process had been rendered forever impossible by their jiersistence. The free constitution of the Kepublie had issued at last in elections which were a mocker}^ of representation, in courts of law which were an insult to justice, and in the conversion of the Provinces of the Empire into the feeding-grounds of a gluttonous aristocracy. In the army alone the lionian character and the Roman honor survived. — P^ikudk's C.^sau, eh. 35. 'I7§3. BEPUBLIC Presaged. ,Mn Cabot. In April the fleet left Bristol ; and on the morning of the 24th of June, at a point about the middle of the ea.stern coa.sl of Labrador, the gloomy .shore was seen. This was the real discovery of the American continent. Fourteen months elapsed before Columbus reached the coast of Guiana, and more than two years before Ojeda and Vespucci came in sight of the mainland of South America. Cabot explored the shore-line of the country which he had discovered, for sevend liundred miles. lie sujiposed that the land was a part of the dominions of the Cham of Tartary ; but linding no inhabitants, he wont on shore, according to the terms of his commis- sion, planted the flag of I']ngland, and took pos- .session in the name of the English king. No man forgets his native land ; by the side of the flag of his adopted countiy Cabot .set up the banner of the Rcpiildir, of Venice — auspicious emblem of another flag that .should one day float from sea to sea. — Rim'ATii's U. 8., ch. C,"p. 77. 4r§4. BEPUTATION, Blemished. Napoleon L The principal charges brought against Napoleon are the massacre of the [2000] prisoners at Jaffa, and the poisoning of the sick in the hos- jiital there, the execution of the Duke d'Eiighii 11, the invasion of Spain, the divorce of Josephine and the war with Russia. — AiiitoTTs Nato- I.KON B., vol. 2, ch. 12. 47§5. BEPUTATION, Changeful, llohcrt Burns. Burns thst came upon the world as a prodigy ; and was, in that character, entertained iiy it in the usual fashion, with loud, vague, tu- multuous wonder, siieedily subsiding into cen- sure and neglect ; till his early and most mourn- ful death again awakened an enthusiasm for him, which, especially as there was now noth- ing to be done, and much to be sixiken, has prolonged itself even to our own time. — C.vit- i.yi.k's BtuNs, p. 14. 4rS«. BEPUTATION, A deceptive. Chat I, it XI[. Old Dr. Franklin used to say that if a man makes a sheep of him.sclf, the wolves will eat him. Not less true is it, that if a man is generally xnpjxmd to he a sheep, wolves will be very likely to tri/ and eat hiin. Three kings, neighbors and all'fs of Charles, hearing on all hands that the young king was a fool, and know- ing that he was only a bo}' in years, concluded that it would be an excellent time to satisfy some ancient grudges against Sweden, and to wrest a few provinces from its territory. . . . .Sweden was alarmed. Her old generals were dead, her armies were unused to war, and the king was thought to be a boy — self-willed and incapable. [He proved one of the greatest generals of Europe.] — (;v(1,()I'koia ok Bkx;., j). 43.5. 4rsr. BEPUTATION, Evil. Eiu/lnnd. There was one province of our island in which, as Pro- copius had been told, the ground was covered with .serpents, and the air was such that no man could inhale it and live. To this desolate region thespirits of the deiiarted were ferried over from the land of the Franks at midnight. A strange race of flsliermen jierformed the ghastly oftice. The speech of the dead was distinctly heard by the boatmen ; their weight made the keel sink deep in the water ; but their forms were invisi- ble to mortal eye. Such were the marvels which an able historian, the contemporary of Belisa- rius, of Simplicius, and of Tribonian, gravely related in the rich and polite Constantinojilo, touching the country in which tlu; founder of Constantinople had assumed the imperial purple. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 1, p. 5. 4788. BEPUTATION, False. Aridkh'fi. Cal- lias, who was a near re'ation of Aristides, and the most wealthy citizen in Athens, was cited to appear before the judges. The accuser, laying very little stress on the cause itself, reproached him especially with permitting Aristides, and his wife and children, to live in poverty, at a time when he liim.self rolled in riches. Callias, perceiving that these reproaches made a strong impression on the judges, summoned Aristides to der^lare before them whether he had not often jtrossed him to accept of large sums of money, and whether he liad not obstinately' refused to ac- cept of his offer, giWng for answer that he had more reason to boast of his povert\' than Callias of his riches ; that many jjcr.soiis were to bo found who made a good u.se of their wealth, but that there were few wdio bore their poverty with mai^naniinity and even with joy ; and that none Inulcause to blush at their condition but such as had retluced themselves to it by their idleness, 508 REPUTATION— REQUEST. lliiir iiifcinpcranre, their pi'ofiision or dissolute (Diidiic!. Arislidcs declMred iIimI liis Uiiisiiiiiii UmI told nolliini;' liiil (lie Inilli : mihI iiddcd, that ii man wliose rraiiic ol' mind is siicli as lo siip- pfess every wisli lor siipcrlliiilies and wiio con- lines tlie wants of lil'e nillnn the nariowest limits, Ix'sides iis I'reeini; him from a Ihousand imi)iirliiiiate cares, and leavini:; him so much masler of his time as lo devote it entirely to Ihe liulilic. it approximates him, in some measure to the Deily, who is wholly void of cares or wants. Tlicre was no man in the assemhly but, at his leaving it, would have chosen to he Aris- tides, Ihouf^h so ])oor, ratiier than Callias with all his riches. — Uoi, I, INS Ilisr., Hook (5, g 17. 'irw». REPUTATION, Fictitious. Gnieml C/iarlix Lis and wealthy widow of the late Emperor Galerius the immediate; gratification of liis pas- sions by marriage.] On this repulse, the love of Maximin was converted into fury ; and, as wit- ne.x.sesand judges were always at his disposal, it was ea.sy for liim to cover his fury with an ap- pearance of legal proceedings, and to assault the reputation as well as the happiness of Valeria. Her estates were confiscated, her eunuchs and domestics devoted to the most inhuman tor- tures ; and several innocent and respectable ma- trons, who were honored with her friendship, sulfercd death, on a fal.sc accusation of adultery. The empress herself, together with her moth- <'r Prisca, was condemuetl to exile. — Gibbon's Home, ch. 14, p. 488. 4§01 . RESENTMENT of Patriots. Lord aiat- Itam. A.D. 1777. [In the House of Lords he said], " If I were an American as I am an Englishman, while a foreign troop was landed in my country, I never W(jutd lay down my - arms ; never, never, never." — B.vnckoft's U.8., vol. 9, ch. 2H. 4M0!*. RESENTMENT, Public. To Brituh Taj-, iitioii. [When the news of the Stamj) Act ar- rived at New York) it was not ea.sy to describe the manner in which the peo|)le were alTected. " I will wear nothing but hmnespun," exclaimed one citi/cn ; " I will drink no wine," echoed another, angry that wine must pay a new duty. "I projiose," cried a third, "that we ilress in sheepskins with the wool on." All expressed their resentment in the strongest manner. — Ban- ckokt's U. S., vol. 5, ch. 10. 4iO:t. RESENTMENT, Savage, (hrck Km- peror Theodore lAmcttrin. The cruelty of the em- jx'ror was exasperated by the i)angs of sickness, the approach of a premature end, and the sus- picion of poison and magic. Tlie lives and for- tunes, the eyes and lind)s, of his kinsmen and nobles, were sacrificed to each sally of pas- sion ; and before he died, the son of Vatace.s might deserve from the people, oi', at leitst, from the court, the appellation of tyrant. A matron of the family of the Palaologi had provoked his anger by refusing to bestow her Iwautcous daughter on the vile plebeian who was recom- mended by his caprice. Without regard to her birth or age, her body, as high as the neck, was inclo.sed in a .sack with several cats, who Mere pricked with pins to irritate their fury against their unfortunate fellow-captive. -~Gn!BON'.s Rome, ch. 62, p. 145. 4S04. RESENTMENT withheld. Ihhbern. Anytus was very fond of Alcibiades, and hap- pening to make an entertainment for some stran- gers, he desired Alt'ibiades to give him liis com- pany. Alcibiades would not accept of tiie invi- tation, but having draiii; deep with some of his acquaintance at his own house, he went thither to play some frolic. The frolic was this : \Ui stood at the door of the room where the guests were entertained, and seeing a gieat number of gold and silver cups ujion the table, he ordered his servants to take half of them and carry them to his own house ; and then, not vouchsafing .so much as to enter into the room himself, as .soon as he had done this he went away. The com- pany resented the affront, and said he had be- liaved very rudely and insolently to Anytus. " Not at all," Siiid Anytus, " but rather kindly, since he has left lis half, when he knew il was in his power to take tlie whole." — ri-irrAiicn's " Al.CIinADKS." 4«05. RESENTMENT of Wrongs. The THsh Gentleinon. [Being des|)()ile(l of their lands th(! old Milesian i)roprietor| seldom betook himself to any peaceful calling. Trade, indeed, Iw. thought a far more di.sgraceful resource tlian marauding. Sometimes he turned freebooter. Sometimes he contrived, in defiance of the law, to live by coshering — Ihat is to .say, by quartering himself on the olil tenants of his family, who, wretched as was their own condition, could not refuse a portion of their pittance to one whom they .still regarded as their rightful lord. Tho native gentleman who had beeii so fortunate as to keep or to regain some of his land too often lived like the petty prince of a savage tribe, and indemnified himself for the humiliations which 670 REHERVE— RESOLUTION. ihc dominant rnro innde him HiilTcr by gov-;rn- ing Jiis viisHiils (IcspoticaDy, Ity Jtccping ii rude liarcm, and by macldcninj; orslvipcfying hlnisi-lf daily wiili strony (iriiik. Politically he wiw iii- signifi( il. No statute, indeed, excluded hiiu Irom the House of C'oinmoiis ; but he had al- most as little chance of obtaining a seat then; as a man of color has of being (ihosen a senator of the United States. In fact, only one Pai)ist had been returned to tlu; Irish Parliamcsnt since the Restoration. — M.vcai'i.ay's Eno., ch. 0, p. 130. 4§06. BESEBVE, Social. Samuel Johnson. Though a stern, tntc-born h'nijlMmnn, and fully prejudiced against all other nations, he had discernment enough to .see, and candor enough To censure, the cohl reserve too common among Englishmen toward strangtTs : "Sir (.said he), two men of any other nation who are shown into a room together, at a house where they are both visitors, will inimediately tind some con- versation. But two l^nglishmen will probably go each to adilTerent window, and remain in ob- stinate silence. Sir, we as yet do not enough understand tlie common rights of humanity." — Hoswell's Johnson, p. 481). 4§07. BESIDENCE, Intolerable. lieiffn of Charles If. If the most fashionable parts of the capital could be placed before us, such as they then were, we should be disgusted with liieir squalid appearance, and poisoned by their noisome atmosphere. In Covent Garden a filthy and noisy market was held clo.se to the dwell- ings of the great. Fruit-women screamed, cart- »;rs fought, cabbage-stalks and rotten apples accumulated in heaps at the thresholds of the ('ouutess of Berkshire and of the Bi.shop of Durham. — Macwulay's Eno., ch. 3, p. 333. 4§0§. BESIONATION, Coercion by. Napo- leon I. [The Directory at Paris were alarmed when they learned that in one month Napoleon Jiad become the most famous man In Europe.] They determined to check his career. Keller- man . . . they consequently appointed his asso- • iate in command. . . , Napoleon promptly but respectfully tendered his resignation, saying, ' ' One bad genera) is better than two good ones ; war, like government, is mainly decided by tact." This deci.sion brought the Directory immediate- ly to terms. — Abbott's Napoleon Ii., vol. 1, ch. 5. 4§0». BE8IGNATI0N, Easy. Ahrahani Lln- coln. Being informed of the death of [the (Jon- federate] John Morgan, he said, " Well, I wouldn't crow over anj'body's death ; but I can take this as resignedlif as any dispensation of Providence." — Raymond's Lincoln, p. 750. 4S10. BESIONATION, Serene. Oriental. Al)- bassa, the sister of the Caliph of Bagdad, first lost her Imsband, then was driven from her pal- ace to live in extreme destitution. Her reply to an inquirer into her distress is a celebrated ex- ample of serene fortitude among Oriental mor- alists : " Once I owned a palace and .slaves, now I have b>it two sheepskins to cover mc. Heaven must have .seen cause to afflict me; I 1)0W to its dispensations and am content." — ArPLETON's Cyclopedia, " Abbassa." 4§11. BESIONATION, Strength for. Be- reatement. At the siege of Barcelona in fiOS, Captain Carleton witnessed the following affect- ing fact, which lie tells us in his memoirs : " I .saw an old offlcer, having Ids oidy son with him, a fine young nuvn about twenty years of age, going into their tent to dine. While they wero at diiuier, a shot took olT the head of the son. The father inunedialely rose up, and first look- ing down ujM)!! his heatlless child, and then lift- ing up his eyes to Heaven, while the tears ran down his cheeks, only said, 'Thy will be done.'" 4MI3. BESISTANCE, Popular. Janm IL IIo forced a Roman Catholic president uijon a Protes- tant college. [See more at Timothy llall. No. ii.l The Bi.shop of Oxford was cpiietly iiistalleil by proxy, but only two niembers of Magdalene C()lleg(! attended "the ceremony. Many signs showed that the spirit of resistance had spread to the common people. The jwrter of tlie col- lege threw down his keys. Tlie butler refu.sed to .scratch Hough's name out of the liuttery book, and was instjintly dismissed. No black- smith could be found in the whole city who would force the lock of the president's lodgings. It was necessary for the commissioners to em- ploy their own servants, who broke open the dodr with iron bars.— Macaulay's Eno., ch. 8, p. 277. 4§13. . Boatonians. a.i>. 170.">. The daybreak of Wednesday, the 14th of August, saw the effigy of Oliver [the king's stamp ottl- (;er] tricked out with emblems of Bute and [George] Grenville [late king's ministers] swing- ing on the bough of a stately elm, the pride of the neighborhood, known as the Great Tree, . , . near the entrance of tlie town. The pageant had been secretly prepared by Boston mechan- ics . . . after dark . . . images borne on a bier . . . they passed down the main street, marched di- rectly through the old State House, shouting, . . . "Liberty, Property, no Stamps." They. .. made a funeral pyre for his elflgy in front of his own house. [Oliver resigned his office.] — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 5, ch. 16. 4il4. BESISTANCE, Provoked. Legislation. In the A.ssembly which introduced the resolu- tion the ecclesiastical tithes, which, ... in the first instance, had been declared redeemable, were abolished, a few days later, without com- pensation. . . . Against this act of spoliation the Abbe Sieyes protested in a vehement and well-reasoned speech, and the debate was pro- tracted to some length ; but tlie measure was eventually carried by an immense majority. " You have unloosed the bull, M. I'Abbe," ob- served ^lirabeau to Sieves, " and you must not be .surprised if he makes use of his horns." — Stidexts' France, ch. 20, ^ 3. 4SI5. BESISTANCE, Wisdom in. Massachu- setts Patriots, a. D. 1774. Every where the rural poijulatioii . . . were anxiously weighing the i.s- suesin which they Avere involved. One spirit moved through them all. From the hills of Berk- shire to the Penobscot they debated the great question of resistance, as though God were heark- ening ; and they took counsel reverently with their ministers, and the aged, and the pious, and the brave in their villages. — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 7, ch. 8. 4§16. BESOLUTION, Success by. Patriots. [AVhen Dr. Franklin was exaiuined by a Com- KESPECT— UKSPONWIBIUTY. 571 >nitU!0 of the wlioU; House of Piirlinmcnt respect- ing the disposition of the. Aiiieriean cohmies, liesiiid, AmerieimsJ could do without dotli from Knghmd. " I am of opiuion, tiiitt hefor(> their old clothes are worn out they will havi; new ones of their own making. " Hut, " can I hey pos- sihly tind wool enough in North America V" he was asked. The answer showed the mettle of th(( people that he represented: "They have taken steps to increase the wool. They entered into general combination to eat no more lamh, and very few lamhs were kilh'd last year. This course persisted in will make a prodigious differ ence in the ((uantity of wool. The estahlish- ment of great maiuifactories is not necessary ; the people will all sj)!?! and work for themselves in their own houses." — Knkiht's Kxo., vol. II, ch. 18. 4M17. RESPECT, Beneficial. Sinnml John- Hon. To a lady who endeavored to vindicate her- self from blainc! for neglecting social attention to the worthy neighbors, by saying, " 1 would go lo them if it would do tliem any goo• Hnylfr was iiisiillcd liy tlic ral)lili-. Dc Will was lorn iti |iicci's iM'Tiirc I he jfultHd' the palaciMit' I lie Stairs- iiciicral at llic lla^'iH-. The I'lincc of (Maiiifc, who hail no slian^ in thi; i^iiill of liii! nini'dcr, hill wiio, on liiis occasion, as oil aiiDliicr laiiicnt uhlo occasion Iwciilv years lalcr, cxlcndcd to crimes pcrpclratcd in his causi- an indnljrciicc which has Icl'i a slain on ids ;i:lory, hccanic cliicf of liic (Jovcrnincnl wiilioiil a rival. — .Ma( At- LAV'rt IvNii., ell. p. 2(M. amiinsl I lie other ot arhilration t<> 'IM'i.^. RESPONSIBILITY, Knowledge gives. Al'ifxiiiiii CliiiniH. The claim of IIk; I'liiled Stales nifaiiist the Uritisli (}overiiniem for damaj^fcs done to American commerce liy Confederali^ ?aiii Mr. Seward remoiislraled with IhelJritish HUthorities, hut without ctfect. After tho war Oreat liritain liecame alai'ined at her own con- duet, and ^^rew anxious for a settlement of tin; ditllcully. On the 27tli of Feliruary, IHTl, ii joint hii;li commission, composed of live liritish and five Amei'ican statesmen, assemhied at Washiiintoii (ily. From the fact that the cruis- er Alabama had done most of the injury com- l)laincd of, the claims of the L'nileil Siatc's wen; called Till', Ai.aisama Ci.ai.ms. After much dis- cussion, the commissioners framed a treaty, known as the Treaty of Washimrton, by which it was a,u;ive(l that all claims of either nation loiild be submitted to aboard ic ap[)oinled by friendly na- tions. Such Ik court was formed, and intlie .sum- mer of 1872 convened at (fCneva, Swit/.(;rlaiid. The caus(' of the two nations was impartially heard, and on the 14th of September decided in favor of the United States ; Great Britain was obliged, for the wroiiirs tlut she had done, to jpay into the Federal treasury ^irj.rjOO.UOO. — UiDPATii's U. S., ch. G7, p. r).")(5. 4§a6. RESPONSIBILITY, Official. h'wpcror Jitliitn. The Ciusar had rejected, with alihor- rence, a mandate for tin; levy of an extraordi- nary ta.\ ; a new superiiidiction, which the j)ra'- feet had otfercd for his signature ; and the faith- ful picture of the i)iil)iic misery, by which he had been obliged to justify his refusal, olTended the court of Constaiitiiis. . . . After stating his own conduct, ho proceeds in the following terms : " Was it possible for the disciple of Plato and Aristptle to act otherwise than I have done ? Could I abandon tin; uidiai)i)y subjects intrusted to my care V Was I not called upon to defend them from tin; repeated injuries of these unfeeling robbers ? A iribune who deserts bis post is punished with death, and deprived of the honors of burial. W'ith what justice could I pronounce his sentence, if, in the hour of dan- ger, 1 m^'-self neglected a duty far more .sacred und fur more important ? God has placed me in this elevated post, His providence will guard and supi-ort me. Should I be condemned to Hutrer, I shall derive comfort from th'i testimony of 11 pure and ujjright con.science. "Would to Heaven that I still possesstnl a coun.sellor like Sallust ! If they think proper to send me ii suc- cessor, I shall submit without reliicliince ; and had much rather improve the short opportunity of doing good than enjoy a long and lasting impunity of evil."— GiiuIon's Ito.Mfc;, cii. lU, p. 'l\:t. IN'jr. RESPONSIBILITY of Power. Af/aiiiHt S/iinri/. The slavery agitation was ii iitwmti/ of the Northern theory of government. Duty i.i the correlative of power ; and if tiie Oovern- ment at W ashington, in Yankee estimation, was li consolidated organi/ation, with power to pro- mote the general welfare by any means it iniglit deem (XDedient, it was proper that it HJiould overthrow the hated institution of sjaviiry at the South. 'I'he central (lovcrnment was responsi- ble for its continiianci^ or existence, in propor- tion to its power over it. I'nder thcsi- circum- stances, the duty of acting on the subject of slavery \vas imperious, and amounted to amoral necessitV. — I'OM.AUDH SKCONI) YlOAIt OK TIIK Waii, c'Ii. 1;1, p. 2»4. 4M2M. RESTITUTION, Conioientioui. ('rom- in/f. Notice, also, that when he was at Cam- bridge he won some money at gambling : £20, t")(), L'llMI. All these sums now were returned as moneys upon no principle his own. — IIoou'h Ciio.Mwi;i,i., ch. 2, p. 47. 4>*«ff. RESTRAINT, Difficult, /.iitfin: [Ho was denounced as worthy of excommunication.) Concerning himself liUther .says: "I cannot deny that 1 am more violent than I ought to be ; they know that, and for that very reason ought not to have excited the dog ! How liard it is to lemi)er the heal and restrain the pen, thou know- est from ])ersonal experience. This is the reason why I iiave always been unwilling jjublicly to jiroclaim my cau.se. And the more I am disposed not to do so, the more I am compelled against my will ; and this liai)pens liecause of the severest; accusations which are heaped ujwn God's Word and myself. And so shameful has this been, that even if my pen and my imiieluosity had not car- ried me away, a heart of sioiu! would have been moved to lake up arms ; how much the more I that am imix'tuous by nature, a very dull pen !" — Uici.n's p. (W. 'IM30. RESULTS, Decisive. [When iS'elson found, after a long search, tin; French tieet at Alexandria, lie i)repared for bat- tie, and I exclaimed that before ! he morrow his fate would be a peerage or Westminster Abbey. — Knuuit's Kno., voi. 7, ch. 20, p. ;}r)5. 4i:tl. RESULTS, Far-reaching. KationaUty. Captain Argall was sent with an armed ves.sel to the coast of Maine. The avowed object of the voyage was to iiroteet the English tishermen who fre(iuented the waters between the Bay of Fundy and Cape Cod, but the real purpose was to de- stroy the colonies of France, if any .should bo found within the limit.s of the territory claimed by England [which he did]. . . . On his way back to Virginia he made a descent on the Dutch traders of JManhattan Island, destroyed many of their huts, and compelled the settlers to acknowl- edge the sovereignty of England. The result of these outrageous proceedings was to confine tho French settlements in America to the banks of the St. Lawrence, and to leave a clear coast for and pos.sess nf)t lilTlIKH, ch. 7, Adui.iriil Nclsoit. .-.^■ •^ UESrURKCTION-UKTHACTIOX. yn tlir KiiKlixl' lliijifriini Novii Scdtin lo Florida.— UiDi'ATns i:. S., I'll. U, p. Km. JNilil. BESUBRECTION hinted. //// .t//.'///>^. . fCiillicriitidu.-* wa.sdcfriilcil hy llir AlliciiiiiiiH niiir Ar^ituiN)!!. I When it wiih j^mtwii at Atlinis that till! d( people were iii^ldy eiirai^ed, and caiiHcd the ^ wlioh; \vei;;||t, of tlieir reseiidiieiit lo tall upon llios(! whom they deemed ^;iiilly "f that crime. The aiieieniM held it a ^reat otu- not lo jtrovide ', Hcpidtiireforlhedead; and wo may oliserve, llial, afler all their l)atlles, the first care of the con- (piered, nolwitiistandin<; the sen.se of tiieir mis- fortune and tiieir ^'real allli<:lion for a liloody de- feat, was to demand a snspension of arms i'rom the victor, it) order to pay the last duties to tlio.st; wlio hikd fallen in hatlle, upon which :liey l)e- lieved their hapi)iness in another life de|M'ndcd. They liH(i lilthi or no idea of tli*; resurrection of t ht^ l)ody; hut, howcsver, th(! l*a;;ans, by ;lu> soul's concrern for the body after tieath lie relij^ious rej;ar(! paid to it, and the zeal wiin which tliey reiKiered solemn honors (othe dead, showed that they had some confused notion of a resurrection, wliK^li subsisted amoni^ )d| nations, and descend- ed froTi tlu! most ancient tradition, Ihouph they could not clearly dislingidsh it. [The victorious jrenerals were sentenced to death for this neglect.] Kolmn's Hist., liook 8. ch. 2, ^ 5. 48a!l. EETALIATION, Popular. 1 1 rg i ii i n ColoninUi. [The Stamp Act wius passed.] Soon they re.solvcd that the act should recoil on En^- laiul, and began to hv. ])roud of frugality ; arti- cles of luxury of Hrilish maiuifacture were ban- ished, and tiireadhari! coats were most in ftush- iou. — Banckokt's U. 8., vol. 0, ch. lii. 4§3't. KETIREHENT, Beligious. Winiom Cow/wr. Mrs. I'nwin's influence produced the Moral Satires. ' ' The Task " was born of a more potent inspiration. One day Mrs. Jones, the wife of a neighboring clergyman, came into Ulncy to shop, and with lier came her sister, Ladv Austen, the widow of a baronet, a woman of the world, who had lived much in France, gay. sparkling and vivacious, but, nt the siuue time, full of feel- ing even to overflowing. The ajipiU'ition acted lik(^ inairicon the recluse. He desired .Mrs. Unwin to ask the two ladits to stay to tea ; then shrank from joining the party which he had himself in- vited ; ended by joining it, aixl, his shyness giv- ing way with a rush, engaged in anin\ated con- versation with Lad}' Austen, and walked with her l)art of the way home. On her an ccjually great effect appears to have been j)roduced. A warm friendship at once sprang up, and before long Lady Au.sfen had verses addres.sed to her as Sister Annie. Her ladyship, on her part, waa smitten ■with a great love of retirement. . . . That a ■woman of fashion, accustomed to French salons, should choose such an abode, with a pair of Puri- tans for her only .society, seems to show that one of the Puritans, at least, must have pos.sessed great powers of attraction. — S.Mcni's Cowpku, ch. 5. 4§35. BETOBT, A cruihing. Samuel John- ton. However unfavorable to Scotland, he uni- formly gave liberal praise to George Buchanan as a writer. In a conversation concerning the literary merits of the two countries, in which Buchanan was introduced, a Scotchman, imagin- ing that on this ground he should have an lui- doubted triumph over him, exelaitiied, " .Mi, Dr. .lohnsoii, what would you have said of Huchiin- an had he been an Knglishmitn '.' " " Why, Sir (said .lolmson, after a little pause), I shoultl nut, have said of ISuelianan, had he been an Hnijluili- mini, « hat I will now say of him as w St-olrh' iiKiii — that he was the onlv man of genius him country ever itroduced."— fiosw i;i,i,'h .Ioii.nmon, p. -IHT. -I»:i«. BETOBT, A •arcaitic. Ilirluiyd [. lUch ard . . . of Knglaiid was satiated with tlu! glory and misfortunes of his first adventure; and he presumed to deridcf tlu- exhortations of Fulk of S'eiully, who was not abashed in the presence of kings. " You advise nu'," .S4iid I'laiitagenet, " to dismiss my three daughters, jtridc?, avarice, and incontinence : 1 be(|ueatli them to the most *le- .serving ; my pride to the knights fen plars, my jivarice to the monks of ("isteaux, and my in- continence to the prelates. "—(JiiuioNS lio.Mic, ch. «(), p. m. 4N37. BETALIATION declined. Ih,j,n,t. |He was the great Ottoman general. ) No sooner was Tiniour informed that the captive Ottoman was at the door of his lent, than he graciously stei)ped forward to Receive him, seateil him by his side, and mingled with just reproaches a .v()otliingpity for his rank and misfortune. " Alas !" said th« emperor, " the decree of fate is now accomplished l)y your own fault ; it is tlie web which you have woven, th(! thorns of the tree which yourself have ]ilanted. I wished to spare, and even to assist, the (champion of the Moslems ; you bravcul our threats ; you despised our friendship ; you forced us to enter yoiu' kingdom with our invincible armies. Behold the event. Had you vantfuished, I am not ignorant of the fate which vou reserved for myself and my troops. But I disdain to re- taliate ; your life and honor are secure ; and I :.hall cxi)ress my gratitude tf) God by my clem- ency to man." — Gihhon'h Uo.mi;, ch. 05, p. 207. 4S3S. BETBACTION refused. Al,:rini(lfr II. RfjilifM. [Judge Gone of Georgia attacked Ste- jihenswith a dirk-knife because of threats sup- posed to have been made by the latter, who was a small man and a semi-invalid.] Stephens, half fainting, fell upon his back. The giant Cone was at his throat in a moment ; his bead, by a grip of iron, wa ■■ held against the crui'l floor ; the keen and blood-dripping knife was iicld aloft before him ready for the la.st fatal thrust, but .still the l)oor, pale face of the little hero was sciii-(>(l nnd Ik-IiI fast.— N(»iiton's A.,i:x. I(. HiKniKNH, cli. H, p. 'J7. '1M:I0. retreat, HhIv. fhittfr of SpurK. 'I'lic Fliijiflisliiiriiiy lulvanccif ill AuK'nst, 151:1, mul Milt down hi'fon! tin- wiills of 'nTouniiiH'. The;, were Ih'H! JoIiumI by tlu! (■(■(■(•iilrlc KiiipcroV Mftxiniiliiin, who, after contracting' to serve in tln! rankN an a volunteer, at tiie rate of UK) crovvim a ilay, Hoon coni rived to j^ralify hiw vanity hv as- HUinin^ till! direction of the o|K'ration.4 ot tlie NicKe. A French force was disjialched to relieve Teronainie, under the orrlers of the Duke of Lon- ^tueville. . . . TIk! two armies met on the 10th of Au;,'ust, between 'I'erouanne and HlanK's, when, after a brief enc( Kmpcror Maximilian and tied hastily from the ticld. I 'i"he French themselves, lauj^hinjf at the i)aiiic-slricken lli;;lil of their arniv, called this "The Jlallle of tin; S|)urs." — KNioirrtJ En(i., vol. a, ch. 1(1, p. 'v'(W. 48 J I. RETREAT imposdble. 11 1 Hie of Xv res. [The Saracens invaded Spain and overthrew the Goths. J Notwithstanding the valor of tlio [rjOOO] Saracens [under Tarik 1 they fainted under the weight of inidtitudes, and the plain of Xeres was oversj)read with 10,000 of their dead bodies. " My bretiiren,"8aid Tarik,to his surviving com- panions, "the enemy Is before you, tho sea is behind, wluther would yo lly ? Follow your general ; I am resolved either to lose my life or to trample on the prostrate king of the Romans." — Qiiibon'h Komk, ch. 51, p. 253. 4842. RETREAT, Muterly. Battle of Brook- lyn. At tirst tlie army seemed ruined. ... It seemed au easy thing for Clintoa and Howe to press on and capture all the rest. Yet, in a few hours, Washington brought together his shattered forces, reorganized his brigades, and stood ready for an as.sault in the trenches back of Brooklyn. During the 28th Howe, who wa.s a sluggish, sen- sual man, ate pudding and waited for a fitter day. On the 2t)th there was a heavy fog over island and bay and river. Washington, clearly perceiving that he coulil not hold Ins position, and that his army was in great peril, resolved to withdraw to New York. The enterprise was extremely hazardous, reqidring secrecy, courage and disjiatch. By eight o'clock on that memo- rable night every boat and transport that could be obtjiined was lying at the Brooklyn ferry. Then!, undercover of tlie darkness, the embarka- tion began. Washington personally superintend- ed every movement. All night with muffled oars the boatmen rowed silently back and forth, bearing the patriots to the northern side of tlie channel. At daylight on the following morning just as the last boat-load was leaving the wharf the movement was discovered by the British. They rushed into the American intrenchments, and found nothing there except a few worthless guns. After a severe battle which had cost him nearly 400 men, Howe had gained possession of I^>ng Island — and nothing more. General Greene, who wa^ ii ( ompetetit Judge, declared that Washingliin's nlnul was the iiumt masterly ho had ever read or heard of. — UiDrATu's U. S., ch. :«». |). ;il'.'. 4Ni:i. RETRIBUTION begun. Lord Comti^el- lor ,/iJ'rii/s. [.lanits II. had lied to France.] And now the diiv of retribution had arrived. The Trimmer [liiird Halifax | was walking through Wapping, when Ik; saw a Wdll-knowu face looking out of the window of an alehouse. He could not be deceived. The eyebrows, in- deed, had been shaved away. The drcas wax that of a conunon sailor from Newcastle, and wai black with coal-dust ; but there was no mistak* ing the savage moulh anurpose of reviuige, over hills and mountains ; through large cane swumps, full of grape vin(!S and briers ; over broad lakes, raiiid rivers, and deep creeks ; and nil the way endan- gered by poisonous snakes, exposed to the ex- tremities of heat and cold, to hunger and thirst" . . . often continuing from generation to gen- eration . . . tribe against tribe . . . jieace was restored by atoning presents. — Hanihokt's U.S., vol. 3, eh. 23. 4S49. REVENGE, Condeioension of. Maria The- resa. [The einpress-iiueen of Austria had been robbed of the province of Silesia by Frederick II.] Though the haughtiest of princesses, though the most austere of matrons, she forgot in her thirst for revenge botli tlie dignity of her race and the purity of her clmract(!r, and condescended to flatter the low-born and low-minded concubine, who, having iicijuired intiuenco by prostituting herself, retained it by prostituting others. Maria Theresa actually wrote with her own hand a note full of expressions of esteem and friendship to her dear cousin, the daughter of the butcher Poisson, the wife of the publican D'Etioles, the kidnapper of young girls for the Parc-aux-cerf» — a strange cousin for the descendant of so many emperors of the West ! — Macaui-ay's FitEU- KKICK TIIK GkKAT, p. 77. 4§50. REVENGE on the Dead. Park. The fall of his [Louis XIII.] odious favorite [Concini] was hailed with extravagant delight by the citi- zens of Paris ; the frantic populace disinterred Ids corpse, dragged it through the streets, tore it in pieces, and burned it to ashes. — Students' PRANCK, ch. 1ft. 55 d. 4I>I«I. . Ilanfjrd. |<)n Iho !«tth of .Tan. Willi, after the restoration id° CharleH I!., Kvelyn records| : " This day (O the stuiiendoii.H and inscrutable JudgnientH of (]od I ) were the carciiHses of those archreliels Cromwell, Urad- sliiiw (the Judge who condemned Ids majesty |('harles 1. 1, and Irelon (son-in law to the llNurp- er), dragged out of their superb tumlm in Westminster, anioiig tlie kings, to Tyburn, and hanged on the gallows there from nine in the morning till six at niu:lil,aiid then buried under that fatal and ignominious monument, in a deep pit ; thousands of peojile who had seen them in all their pridi' lieing spectatt^rs." — IvMoiiTri Kno , M.I. 4, (h. ITi. p. 'J IS. 4MA'J. REVENGE declined. Matthew Hale. A mini who had doix' Sir. Matthew Hale a great in- jury came afterward to him for his advice in the .seltlemeiit of his estate. Sir Matthew gave his advice very friinkly to him, but would uc cept of no fee for it ; and thereby showed, both that he could forgive as a ( 'hristian, iind that lie had the spirit of a gentleman, not lo take money of one who had wronged him so grievously. Wlieii he was asked how he could use a man ho kindly who had wronged liim so iiiiich, his an- swer was, he thanked (fod lie had Ic.irned to forget injuries. 4N53. REVENGE, Determined. WnmauH. [.Mary (^ueen of Scots had strong liatred--. \lurruy and hisailhereiils were I he objects of Iht wrath in ir)(17, and she declared she would rather piTil her crown than lost; her revenge.) — Knkiiit'h Eno., vol. !1, cli. 1>, p. lUl). 48S4. REVENGE, Dishonorable. Siepe of(htza. At length, after repeated assaults, tlii! city wa>» taken by storm, and its brave iiihabitants per- ished almost to a man. Tl ; governor, Uetis, whose noble dcifence of his country was worthy of the api)lau8e even of an enemy, was dragged round the walls of the city at tlie wheels of Al- exander's chariot. "The king," says (hirtius, " gloried that, in this instance, he imitated tlm example of his progenitor, Achilles, in the ven- geance he took on the dead body of Hector." — Tyti.kh'b Hist., Book 2, ch. 4. p. IHO. 4§95. REVENGE, Female. ParyHatis. [She was the mother of Cyrus. The captured family of Hydarnes, the Persian governor, were] (ieliv- ered to Parysatis, to do wilh them as that moth- er, exasperated to the last excess by the treatment either (l(>ne or inteniled against her daughter Hamestris, should think fit. That cruel princess began by causing Iloxana, whose beauty liad been the occasion of all this evil, to be sawed in two, and ordered all the rest to be put to death, except Statira, whose life she granted to the tears and the most tender and ardent solicitation.n of Arsaces . . . Such was the state of the affair at the death of Darius. Statira, as soon as her husband wi"' upon the throne, caused Udiastes [the assn.ssinator of her brother Teriteuchmes] to l)e delivered into her hands. She ordered his tongue to be torn out, and made him die in the most exquisite torments she could invent, to puni.sh the crime which had occasioned the ruin of her family. . . . Parysatis on her side took her revenge on the son of Teriteuchmes, whom she caused to be jioisoned ; and we shall see that Statira's turn was not very remote. History has not a more tragical scene, nor a more mou- .:<5 HKVKNdK. "■Ildll-* ('(>llll)li<'Ullnii of iicliillrry, liu'cst, iiriil iiiiirili'i' ; wlilcli, iil'trr liiiviii^ (ii'('UHiiini-' «f Chuvl, iii;e, and which took from him the pow tTof iiardoiiingthem. — .M.\('AI'i..\y'« Ksa., ch. ~. p. 1»1. •tn^n. BEVENOE, Implao/.ble. Wife of JiiA «>K lUou., p. 44. 'IKOI. EEVENOE, Pereonal. J(nin:i Ifamiltoii. Murray, guardian of tin; infant King .lames and diclalor of the kingdom, governed the unlia|)py country willi vigor and address. Hut a |)ro- sciibed geiilleman of good family, James Ham- ilton of I{()lhwellhaugli, wliost- wife Murray had left to die in misery and madness on the thresh- old of her own dwelling, which had been be- sIowimI by the n'geiit on Hclleiiden, one of his partisans," swore to avenge al onct? his wife and Ills country, (iallicring a handful of the earth which covered the bier of his wift?, he wore it within his ginlhr as an eternal incentive lo re veiige : and repairing in disguise to the small town of I, inlitligow, through which Murray had to jiMss on his return to Edinburgh, In; placcil<>(i lilx frlciiiU, tnriM llic |niI »rv Kikti'M, tlirow tli*> iiKiihcr inln the ncii. iiihI in liiiiniinly cut ofT the tioMr ami li|>Mi)f tlic xslfi' or <'nd(Miinatioti of one of thes(> unfortunate gran- dees. On the whole, tin- reveiiueH of tlu- Turk- ish empire art. very ineonsideralile. Hut. tlu* iih- soliite power of tlie sultan KupplicH that defect, and can execute very ^'real i)rojects at a small e.x jiciise. — 'rvTi,i;u'.s lIiHT., Hook 5, ch. i;{, p. 21!1. 'tM<(0. REVENUE, Mismanaged. liiifjn. of /ifori/f lir. A.I). 17((1J. Ileavv complaints were made that the system of makfiij; all the revenue ofTleeH in America sinecure places, had led to Hucli abuses that an American imiiual revenue of less than £3(X)() cost the eHtalilishment of the i'ustoms of (Jreut Hritain between .seven and eijrlit Ihoiisund pounds a year. — Hanchokt'h U. 8., vol. 5, eh. 5. 4867. REVERENCE, Ezoeuive. Olim/>iioii.i. "William I'itt ... is said to have knelt when he was with Qeorra II. in liis closet, and to have bowed .so low at the levee that his hooked nose was .seen between his legs. — KNKiiiTHE.sd., vol. 0, ch. 10, p. 252. 4808. RLrTRENCE, Maternal. /l/..w^/(/,/-. II.> used to send ma^iiilieent presents to his mother ; but then he never would let her have any concern la the allairs of tlio p)vernment. She used fre- quently to make very severe complaints upon that account ; but lit; always submitted to her ill-humor with great mildness and patience. An- tipater having one day written a long letter uguinst her, the king, after reading it, replied, " Antipater do(!s not know that one single tear shed by a motht^r will obliterate ten thousand such liAtcrs a.s this." — Hoi.i.in's Hist., Hook 1.'), 4869. REVERENCE for Farenti. Aurien/n. Cyrus the Oreat, in the midst of his con(|uests, and at the most brilliant era of his good fortune, would not accept of the advantageous offer made bim by Cyuxares, his uncle, of giving him his daughter in marriage, and Media for her dowry, till be had first advised with his father and moth- er and obtained their consent. History informs us here, that among the Persians, a son, how great and powerful soever he might be, n(!vcr (hired to sent him>M'lf lN>fore lih mother till lio had tIrMt obtaineil her leave , ,iiid that In d(» otherwise wiM <-oiiPtldered um u crime.— Hoi.i.iNit iliHT.. Hk 1(1, J^U. 48r0. RIVZRENOI, Religioui. (When the Itomans oll'ered their sacrilli cs, lf| one of tint horses that drew the I'hariots iiilled 'I'mjiir, in which are placed the Images of the gods, liap- Iteiied to stumble, or If the charioteer took tlui reins in his left hand, the whole proceHslon was to be repeated. And in later ages they liavti SI t about one Macrlllce thirty Ncvcral times on ac count of some defect or inauspicious appearancii in it. Hiicli reverence have the itomaiiM paid to the Supreme Hcliig. — I'l.i/rAiii ii. 4Mri. REVERSE!, ?eneflt of. 77/^ I'lunlinfi. The reverses which com|H'lled them, after along and bloody struggle, to reliiKjuish the hope of establishing a great contiiieiittii empire, went really blessings in the guise of disasters. 'I'lio spirit of the Kreiich was at last aroused. They began to opiMise a vigorous nalimml reHistaiicd to till' foreign con(|uerors ; and from tliat limn the skill of the Knglish ca|ilains and the cour- age of the I'lnglisli soldiers were, happily for mankind, cxerlcd in vain. After many desper- ate struggles, iind with many liiller regrets, our ancestors gavi^ up the contest. — Macaii.ay'ii Knii., ch. 1, p. 11». 4874. REVOLT inppreiied. S.lir.rn. the middle of the same month the .New brigade stationed at I'oinptoii revolted, movement Washington (luelled by force. eral Itobert Howe marclied to llie About Jersey ThU Oen- camp with llv(! hundred regulars and compelled twelve of the |)riiicipal mutineers to execute the two leaders ot the revolt. From that day order was completely restored. Tho.se insurrections had li good rather than a bad effect; ("ongress wa.>« thoroughly alarmed, and immediate ))rovisions were made for the better supi>orl of the army. An agent was sent to France to obtain a further loan of money. Hobert Morris was appointiul secretary of ftnanci^ ; the Hank of North Amer- ica wasorgani/.ed ; and, although the outstanding^ debts of the rnited States could not be paid, yet ere promptly met, lor Morris and his ("riends iiledgeil their private fort- all future obligations were promptly lines to sustain the credil of the government. HiDi'ATiis U. S., ch. 44, p. :»4(i. 487!!. REVOLUTION by Contagion. .1 mn-irn— Frdiicf. Shortly after the American Dedaratioii of Independence, signed on the 4tli of July, 1770, three deputies from the new Hepublic — Henjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee, and Silas Deano — arrived in Paris to solicit aid from France in the struggle agJiinst the mother country. Their presence created an extraordinary sensation ; and tli(^ enthusiasm thus])roduced was undoubt- edly one of the causes which contributed power- fully to the subse(|uent outbreak of the Hevolu- tion. — Sri dents' FitAXc k, ch. 25, ^ 2. 487 1. REVOLUTION, Instantanconf. Ptiri- tann. Calling a council of his olHcers, a remon- strance was framed, to be presented to the Par- liament, reminding them that it was averse to the spirit of a democracy that any set of magi.s- tratesshould be perpetual, and desiring that they might in. mediately think of di.ssolving, after is- suing writs for the election of a new Parliament. 678 REVOLUTIONS— RICHES. This applicntion, It may Iw imagined, met with a sharp reply, wliich was nothing more fliiin ■what Cromwell wislied and expe(;ted. Before liie smallest hint had transpired of Ids design, lie now presented himsr'lf witli three hundred soldiers at tin; door of the House of Commons. Leaving his guards witliotit, he took his seat for pome lime and listened t( their debates ; then, lisiiig hastily uj) : "I judge," said lie, "this Parliament to lie rijw for dissolution" (taking <.nc of the nu riiliers by the cloak). " Yon" m'u\ he, "an! a whoreniaster ;" to anollur, '" You arc ft drunkard," and (toa third), " You are an e.xlor- lioner. Tlr; Jiord lath done willi you, get you gone, you arc^ i,o longer a Parlianunt." Then, utampiiig with his foot, wliich was a signal for the soldiers to enter, " I/crc," saio he, ])oi;iting to the mace "Inch lay on tlu! table, " tak(; away that fool's hauble ;" then, ordering the soldiers to drive all tlu; members o"t of the house, he locked the door himself, j,,it the key into his pocket, and went home to his lodgings in Wliite- Jiall. Thus, by oimof the boldest actions record- ed in history, tin; famous Republic of England, which had subsisted four years and three months, was annihilated in one moment. — Tyti.kk's Hist., Book 6, ch. 30, p. 413. 4§75. BE'VOLUTIONS, Injustice brings. ///,«- tori/. [Fos.. in " Judges of England" says,] one of the primary causes of the great rebellion that overthrew the Government, and that cost the king his head, was the degradation of the bench of justice. — Knight's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 28, p. 447. 4§r6. REVOLUTIONS, Ketrogradive. Jien/-- ratioii of t'harhs II. Revolutions are of two kinds : tliey are eitl>er progressive or reactionary. A revolution of progress is often destructive, sweeping away much which should have been preserved. But such a revolution has a regen- erating force ; it renews the youth of a nation, and gives fne play to its vital powers. Lost limbs are replaced by new. A revolution of re- action, on the other hand, is a l)enurabing influ- ence, paralyzing effort, and levelling character. In such a conservative revolution the mean, the nclfish, and the corrupt come to the top ; man ticeks ea.se and enjoyment rather than duty ; virt- ue, honor, patriotism, and disinterestedness dis- appear altogether from a society which has ceased to believe in them. , . . The Re.storation of 1600 was such a revolution. — Pattison's Milton, ch. 12. 4§77. BE'WABD, Destitute of. Captain, Tohn Smith. Extreme sulTerings from his wounds and the Ingratitude of his employers were the fruits of his services. He received, for his sacritices and perilous exertions, not one foot of land, not the house he built, not the field his own hands had planted, nor any reward but the applause of his own conscience and the world. He was the father of Virginia, the true leader who first planted the Saxon race within the borders of the United F'ates. — Bancuoft'8 Hist, of U. S., vol. 1, ch. 4. 4§r§. SEWARD of Gratitude. General Or ant. During his visit [to New York, 1867], a purse of $100,000 was made up for him by the citizens. . Previous to this, Philadelphia had given him $30,000 ; Galena, a house and furniture, and Bos- ton a library. If he had been an Englishman, and rendered such services to his country as ho had to the Union, he would have received twice as much, and an estate and titled besides. — Hkadi.ky's Guant, p. 240. 'I<97ft. RE'WARD, Unexpected. By Al'-rontUr. This prince was naturally of a tender and hu- \\Y\w disjiosition, which made him sensible of the adliction of jiersons in the lowest condition. A poor Macedonian was one day driving lieforo him a mule laden with gold for the king's u.se : the beast being so tired that he was not able i either to go on or sustain the load, the mule- driver took it up and carried it, but with great dillicully, a considerable way. Alexander, see- ing him'just sinking under his burden, and going to throw it on the ground, in order to ea.se him- self, cried out," Friend, do not be weary yet ; try and carry it ((uite through to thy tent, for it is all thy own."— Roi.mn's Hist., Book If), § 12. 48S0. RICH, Duty of the. Epam.inondas. Though jioor himself, and without any estate, his very i)overty, by drawing upon him the es- teem and coniiuence of the rich, gave him the opportunity of doing good to others. One of his friends being in great nec"ssity, Epaminon- das sent him to a very rich citizen, with orders to ask him for 1000 crowns in his name. That rich man coming to his house, to know his motives for directing his friend to him upon such an er- rand : "Why," replied Epaminondas, "it is because this lionest man is in want, and you are rich."— Rom.in'8 Hist., Book 12, § 7. 4§§1. RICHES, Avarice with. Pythinn. [He was a Lydian prince residing at CeUena;.] He presented great Xerxes will- a sum equal to about £1,700,000 sterling. After such a conduct as this, who would not think that Pythius's pecul- iar characteristic and particular virtue had been generosity, and a noble contempt of riches ? And yet he was one of the most penurious princes in the world ; and who, besides his sordid avarice with regard to himself, was extremely cruel and Inhuman to his subjects, whom he kept contin- ually employed in hard and fruitless labor, al- ways digging in the gold and silver mines which he had in his territories. When he was .absent from home, hici subjects went with tears in their eyes to the prinee.ss his wifo, laid their com- plaints before her and implored her assistance. Commiserating their condition, she made use of a very extraordinary method to work upon her husband, and to give him a clear notion and a palpable demonstration of the folly and injustice of his conduct. On his return home, she ordered an entertainment to be prepared for him, very magnificent in appearance, but what in reality was no entertainment. All the courses and ser- vices were of gold and silver ; and the prince, in the midst of all these rich dishes and splendid rarities, could not satisfy his hunger. He easily divined the meaning of this enigma, and began to consider that the end of gold and silver was not merely to be looked upon, but to ho em- ployed and made use of, and that to neglect, as he had done, the business of husbandry and the tilling of land, by employing all his people in digging and working of mines, was the direct way to bring a famine both upon himself and his country. For the future, therefore, he only reserved a fifth part of his people for the busi- RICHES. 67J* ness of niiniii^^— Uoi.mn'h 1Ii(. RICHES, Uncertain. JHoni/.uun. It is certain tliat Dionysius, who had seen himself master of Syracuse, and of almost all Sicily, who had ])()s,sesse(i immense riches, and had had nu- merous tieets and great armies of horse and foot under his command ; that the same Dionysius, reduced no»v almost to beggary, and from a king Ijecome a schoolmaster, was a good lesson for persons of exalted stations, warning them not to confld« in their grandeur, nor to rely too much upon »lu!ir fortune. — Hoi.i.in's JIist., Book 10, ch. 2, § «. 4S90. RIDICULE changed. Jiy Piiritunn. From the Ueformation to the civil war almost every cavalier, gifted with a line sense of the lu- dicrous, had taken some opportunity of assailing the straight-haired, snuffling, whining saints, whochristeiKMi their children out of the book of Nehemiah, who groaned in spirit at the sight of Jack in the Grt^en, and who thought it impious to ta.ste i)lum and porridge on Christmas day. At length a time came when the laughers began to looli grave in their turn. The rigid, ungainly zealots, after having furnished much good sport (iuring two generations, ro.se up in arms, con- quereci, ruled, and, grimly smiling, trod down under their feet the whole crowd oi mockers. — Macai:l.\y'8 Exd., ch. 8, p. 871. 4§9I. RIDICULE conquered. Najwlenn T. [See No. 5088. His aristocratic school-fellows ridiculed his origin and poverty.] In conse- quence; of this state of feeling, he secluded him- self almost entirely from his i'ellow-students, and buried himself in the midst of his books and maps. While they were wasting their time in dissipation and in frivolous amusements, he con- secrated his (hiys and nights, with untiring assi- duity, to study. He almost immediately elevated kimself above liis companions, and by his supe- riority commanded their respect. Soon he was regarded as the brightest ornament of the insti- tution. — Abhott'h Nai'oi.kon B., vol. 1, ch. 1. 4S03. RIDICULE cures Cowardice. Arab. [When Mahomet approached Mecca with an ar- my of followers, the inhabitants rose en masse to resist him. J One of the olde.st of them having refused to nnirch on account of his corpulence, " Perfume thyself, "said his fellow-citizens, "for thou art but a woman." He blushed at the re- proach, and joineil the march.— liA.MAiiTiNE'a Tlkki;v, p. 100. 4M93. RIDICULE, Defended by. Ca'snr. This trea.son [of Cleopatra] opened Antony's eyes, and made him, when too late, give credit to what his friends had told him of the (jueen's perfidy. In thi t extremity he was for .signalizing himself by an extraordinary act of valor, capable, in his oi)inion, of doing him abuiuhuuu; of honor Ho sent to challenge Cie.sar to a single combat. Ca;- .sar made answer, that if Antony was weary of life, there were other ways to die besides that. — Uoi.MNS Hist., Book 24, ^ 8. 4§04. RIDICULE of Greatness. Julian. As long as the fame of the ICmperor Julian was doubtful, the bidToons of the palace, who wero skilled in the language of satire, tried the elflca- cy of those arts which they had so often prac- tised with sucicsa. They easily discovered that his simplicity was not exempt from affectation ; the ridiculous epithets of a hairy savage, of an ape invested with the purple, were applied to tlnj dress and person of the philosophic warrior ; and his modest despatches were stigmatized as tho vain and elaborate fictions of a loquacious Greek, a spectdative soldier, who had studied the art of war amid the groves of the academy. — Gibbon's KoMK, ch. 22, p. 370. 4§95. RIDICULE, Public. Rdgnof JamfsIL [A period of great agitation for the preservation of the Protestant faith from the aims of a Cath- olic king.] Tyrconnel [lord-lieut. of Ireland] had transmitted for the royal approbation the heads of a bill repealing the law by which half the soil of Ireland was lield, and he had sent to Westminster, as his agents, two of his Roman Catholic countrymen who had lately been raised to high judicial office : Nugent, chief justice of the Irish Court of King's Bench, a personification of all the vices and weaknesses whicli the Eng- lish then imagined to be characteristic of the Po- pish Celt ; and Rice, a baron of the Irish Ex- {.'hequer, who, in abilities and attainments, was perhaps the foremost man of his race and relig- ion. The object of tho mission was well known; and tne two judges could not venture to show themselves in the streets. If cer they were rec- ognized, the rabble shouted, " Roomforthe Irish ambassadors ;" and their coach was escorted with mock solemnity by a tnun of ushers and harbin- gers bearing sticks with potatoes stuck on tho points. So strong and general, indeed, was at that time theavei-sion of the English to Ihi! Irish, that the most distinguished Iloman Catholics par- took of it. — Macaulay's Enc, ch. 9, p. 896. 4806. RIDICULE punished. OfJiclii/ion. [When Methodism was first introduced into Reading, Penn.,] tliere was a shop in the neighborhood of the school-house where some young men used to meet together. One of the company under- took to mimic the Methodists. He went on to show how they acted in tluMr meetings. Ha shouted, clapped his hands, and then he would show how they fell down. He then threw him- RIDICULE-RIGHT. >81 wlf down on the floor, and liiy tlitrc as if aslfcp. His conipaniouH enjoyed the sport ; but after lie had lain for some tune tlicy wondered wliy he did not fret uj). They sliooli liiui in order to uwake hin». Tliey saw he did not bn atlie ; tiiey turned pale, tliey sent for apliysieian, wlio ex- amined the man and ])rononnied liim dead. Tiiis awful incident stopped ridicule and persecution. — Stkvens' M. E. C'liuiu 11, vol. 3, p. 429. 4S97. RIDICULE, Eeformation by. Lois. Al- fibiades and Nieias, wlio were j)ersons of tiie i^reatest interest in Athens, had each his i)arty ; i)ut perceiviilg that the people were goini; to proceed to the Ostracism, and that one of them ■was likely to suffer by it, they consulted tog(!ther, •ind joining interests, cau.sed it to fall upon lly- pcrbolus [who was a mean wretch]. Hereujion the people, full of intlignation at flncling this kind of punishment dishonored and turned into ridicule, abolished it entirely. — Pi.rTAHcirs A1118TIDE8. 4§98. EIDICULE, Bevolution by. Wdsh. Tiie Barons of Siiowdon, with other noblemen of the mo.st considerable families in Wales, had attend- ed Llewellyn [Prince of Wales] to London, when he came thither at Chri.stmas, a.d. 1277, to do liomage to King Edward. . . . Their large ret- inues were quartered in Islington and the neigh- boring villages. The.se places did not afford ndlk enough for such numerous trains ; they liked neither wine nor the ale of London, and though plentifully entertained, were much dis- pleased at a new manner of living which did not suit their taste, nor perhaps their constitutions. They were .still more offended at the crowds of people that flocked about them when they stirred abroad, staring .it them, as if they had been monsters, and laughing at their uncouth garb and appearance. They were so enraged on this oc- casion, that they engaged i>rivately in an associa- tion to rebel on the first opportunity, and resolved to die in their own country rather than ever come again to London, as subjects, to be held in such derision ; and when they returned home they communicated their resentments to their compatriots, who made it the common cause of their country. — Knight's Eno., vol. 1, ch. 25, p. 384. 4S99. BIDICULE, Unconscious of. George III. On the 9th of Januaiy, 1770, the Parliament was opened by the king [George III.]. With a sin- gular want of perception of the ridiculous, the first words of the royal speech were these : " My lords and gentlemen, it la with much concern that I find myself obliged to open the ses.sion of Parliament with acquainting you that the dis- temper among the horned cattle has lately broke out in this kingdom. ' — Knight's Eno., vol. 6, ch. 19, p. 300. 4900. BIDICULE, Unfelt. Diogenes. Diog- enes, the philosopher, when one said, "They tleride you," answered well, "But I am not de- rided," accounting those only to be ridiculed •who feel the ridicule and are discomposed at it. — Plutarcii'b Fabius Maximub. 4001. BIDICULE, Warning in. Wiitefield. In the days of Whitetield, Thorpe, one of his most violent opponents, and tliree others, laid a wager who could best imitate and ridicule Whiteflelds preaching. Each was to open the Bible at ran- dom, and preach an extempore sermon from the tiisl verse that presented it.self. Thori)e's three competitors each went through the game with imi)ious buffoonery. Then, slei)ping upon the table, Thorpe exclaimed, " I slinii beat you all!" They gave liini the IJible, and, by CJod's in.scru- table providence, his eye fell lirst upon this verse, "Except ye repent, yi^ shall all likewise perish." 1I<' read ;lie words, but the sword of the Spirit went through his soul in a moment, and he preached as one who scarce knew what he said. The hand of God hud hold upon him, and, intending to mock, he could only fear and tremble. Wlien he descended from the table, a profound silence reigned in the company and not one word was said concerning the wager. Thorpe instantly withdrew, and after a season of the deepest distress pa.ssed into the full light of the Gospel, and became a most successful preacher of its grace. 4903. BIGHT of M'.ght. Englixh K>n-h. [Ed- ward I. attempted to limit the independence of the ohl barons.] Immediately after his landing he appointed a commission of iiupiiry into the judicial franchises then existing, and on its re- port (of which the existing " Hundred-Rolls" are the result) itinerant justices were .sent, in 1278, to discover by what right these franchises wercs held. The writs of mio vnrrunio wen; roughly met here and there. Earl Warenne l)ared a rusty sword, and flung it on the justices' ttd)le. " This, sirs," lie said, "is my warrant. By tin; sword our fathers won their lands when they came over with the Conqueror, and by the sword we will keep them." — Hist, of Eng. Peopi.k, i^ 263. 4903. . William I IT. On the open- ing of the contest with France, William HI. . . . was false to the principle of liberty of the seas, — prohibiting all commerce with Franco — and to the protest of Holland gave no other reply than that it was liis will, and that he had power to make it good. — Banckoft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 21. 4904. (h'liis. To save its i)arty from Triumph of the fiukpen- n entire defeat, the House the excluded the army interposed, and "purged" of Commons. "Hear us, said th members to Colonel Pride, who expelled them. " I cannot spare time," replied the soldier. "By what right are we arrested?" demanded they of the extravagant Hugh Peters. " By the right of the sword, " answered the late envoy' from Mas- sachusetts. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 11. 490fS. BIGHT by Precedent. Xapoleon I. a.d. 1803. [The British suddenly attacked all French vessels of every kind, without previous declara- tion of Avar, and made prisoners of seamen. The First Con.sul retaliated by suddenly imprisoning all Englishmen in France.] The cabinet of St. James remonstrated energetically again.st Napo- leon's capture of peaceful travellers upon the land. Napoleon replied, " You have seized un- suspecting voyagers upon the sea. " England re- joined, "It is customary to capture everything upon the ocean belonging to the enemy, and therefore it is right." Napoleon answered, " I will make it customary to do the same thing upon the land, and then that will also be right. —Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 20. :bb 582 RIGHT— HIOT. II i;i 11 4906. BIOHT and Wrong. lioinidarieg. A good action is not distinj^uished fvoni ii bad ac- tion l)y niarii.s ho plain as those which dlstinfjuish a hcxaijon from a S(juare. Th'To is a frontier where virtue and vice fade into eacli other. Wiio has ever iu'en able to iletine tlie exact boundary between courage and rashness, between j)ru- (lence and cowardice, between frugality and avarice, betwc;en liberality and prodigality ? Who has ever bec^n :i")le to say how far mercy to offenders ought to be carried, and where it ceascis to deserve tlie name of mercy and becomes ft pernicious weakness V What casuist, what law- giver, has ever been able nicely to mark the limits of the right of self-defence ? All our jurists hold that a certain quantity of risk to life or limb justifies a man in shooting or stabbing an assail- ant ; but they have long given up in dcjspair the attempt to describe, in precise words, that quan- tity of risk. — MAc.vuiiAv's ENCi., ch. 9, p. 368. 4907. RIGHTS aiserted. Captain WiUiain Wadsworth. A. D. 101)3. [Fletcher, by royal com- mission, assumed to command Connecticut train- bands. The colonists claimed command of their own militia.] Hartford was . . . a community of farmers, the imnn.\ed progeny of Puritans. William Wadsworth, the senior captain of the town [was exercising his men]. Fletcher ad- vances, to assume command, onlering Bayard, of New York, to read his commission and the roy- al instructions. It is the fortune of our Amer- ica, that if, at any moment, the happiness of a state depended on the will of one man, that man was true to his duty. At the order of Captain Wadsworth the drums began to roll, . . . The petulant Fletcher commanded silence. " I will not" — such had been his words to the Governor of Connecticut — " I will not set my foot out of this colony till I have seen his Majesty's commis- sion obeyed." And Bayard . . . once more be- gan to read. "Drum, drum, I say!" shouted Wadsworth, adding, as he turned to the gover- nor of New York, " if I am interrupted again, I will make the sun shine through you in a moment." [Governor Fletcher retired.] — Ban- ckopt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 19. 490§. RIGHTS Ignored. i?ir7;(/fc/-. Charles II. •eemed to regard the British Empire as personal property, to be used for the benefit of himself and his courtiers. In order to reward the worthless profligates who thronged his court, he began to grant to them large tracts of land in Virginia. What did it matter that these lands hm' 'leen re- deemed from the wilderness and wcix < overed with orchards and gardens ? It was no uncom- mon thing for an American planter to tind that his farm, which had been cidtivated for a quar- ter of a century, wivs given away to some dis.so- lute flatterer of the royal household. Great dis- tress was occa.sioned by the.se iniquitous grants, until finally, in 1673, the king set a limit to his own recklessness by giving away the whole State. Lord Culpepper and the Earl of Arlington, two ignoble noblemen, received under the great seal a deed by which was granted to them for thirty- one years all the dominion of land and water called Virginia. — Ridpath's U. S., ch. 12, p. 11. 4909. RIGHTS, Importance of. "Squatter Sovereignty." In January of 1854 Senator Ste- phen A. Douglas, of Illinois, brought before the Senate of the I'liited States a proposition to organize the territories of Kan.sas and Nebraska. In the bill reported for this purpose a clause waa in.serted providing that the people of the two territories, in forming their constitutions, shmdd decide for tiiemneloeii whet"iU!r the new Statea should be free or slave-holding. Tnis was a vir- tual repeal of the Mi.s.souri Com promise ; for both the new territo'-ies lay north of the parallel of 30° 35'. Thus by a s'ingle stroke the old settle- ment of the slavery-question was to be undone. From January till May Mr. Douglas' report, ivnown as the Kansas-Nebraska Bdl, was de- bated in Congress. All the bitter sectional an- tagonisms of the past were aroused in full force. The bill was violently opposed by a majority of the representatives from the East and North ; but the minority, uniting with the Congressmen of the South, enabled Douglas to carry his measure through Congress, ancf in May of 1854 the bill received the sanction of the President. — RiDi'ATH'sU. 8., ch. 59, p. 472. 4010. BIGHTS, Maintenance of. By ExerciM. [When the British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and withdrew all the taxes except 3rf. on each pound of tea, the tea duties were re- tained] upon the principle that there must al- ways be one tax to keep up the right. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 6, ch. 20, p. 310. 49 1 1 . RIGHTS, Petition of. lieign of Charles I. [The bust Parliament but one before the Revolu- tion.] There were, to our minds, some extraor- dinary subjects of debate, especially on the king's claim to commit without cause shown on the face of the warrant. ' ' The greatest ques- tion," exclaimed Pym, " that ever was in this place or elsewhere !" Selden and Coke botli spoke upon it. " What," answered Coke, "shall I accept such law ? Shall I have a state of in- heritance for life, or for years, in my land, and shall I be a tenant at will, for my liberty I A freeman to be a t*;nant at will for his freedom I There is no such tenure in all Littleton." We follow with earnest interest those discussions ia which Elliot took so great and prominent a part, out of which came into existence the immortal Petition of Rights. These are great debates ; greater debates are not recorded in history. "Magna Charta is such a fellow," said Coke, "he will have no sovereign." The great char- ter of the people's liberties was upheld and strengtheneci by the Petition of Rights. — Hood's Cromwei,!,, ch. 3, p. 72. 4913. RIGHTS, Sentimental. Political. By an apparent contradiction not difticult to recon- cile, many of those who fought bravely for the right of the abolitionists to be heard in Congress by petition were yet enraged with them for con- tinually, and, as they thought, causelessly rais- ing and pressing the issue. They were willing to fight for the right of the abolitionists to do a certain thing, and then willing to fight the abol- itionists for aimlessly and uselessly doing it. The men who were governed by these complex motiveswere chiefly Whigs. — Blaine's Twenty Years of Congress, vol. 1, p. 24. 4913. RIOT, Night of. Flight of Janus IT. [William, Prince of Orange, with an army of in- vasion and an English army of welcome, waa drawing near to London.] When the night — the longest night, as it chanced, of the year — ap- proached, forth came from every den of vice^ . RISING— RIVALUY. 583 v-^ from tlie boar-giirdcn at Ilocklev, and from tlie labyrinth of tippling-houses and brothels in the Friars, thousands of housebreakers and hi^ii- •waymen, cut-purses and ring-droppers. With these were nungled thousands of idle appren- tices, who wished merely for Ihr; excitement of a riot. Even men of peaceable and honest hab- its were impelled by religious animosity to join the lawless part of the population ; for the cry of No >'opery — a cry which bus more than once endangered the existence of London — was the signal for outrage and rapine. First the rubble fell on the Roman Catholic places of worship. The buildings were demolished. IJenches, pul- pits, confessionals, breviaries, were heaped up and set on lire. A great mountain of books and furniture blazed on tlie site of the convent at Clerkenwell. Another pile was kindled before the ruins of the Franciscan hou.se in Lincoln's Inn Fields. The chapel in Lyme Street, the chapel in Bucklersbury, were pulled down. The pictures, images, and crucifixes were carried along the streets in triumph, amid lighted tapers torn from the altars. The proces.sion bristled thick with swords and staves, and on the point of every sword and of every staff was an orange. — Macaulay'8 Eno., ch. 10, p. 514. 4014. BISINO, Early. Washington. During the whole of both his public and private life he was a very early riser. . . . Whether as chief magistrate or the retired citizen, we find tins man of method and labor seated in his library from one to two hours before day in winter and at daybreak in summer. — Custis Washington, vol. 1, ch. 1. 4015. BITUALISH rejected. Catholic. Many felt a strong repugnance even to thinjjs indiffer- ent which had formed part of the polity or ritu- al of the mystical Babylon. Thus Bishop Hoo- per, who died manfully at Gloucester for his re- ligion, lon^ refused to wear the episcopal vest- ments. Bishop Ridley, a martyr of still greater renown, pulled down the ancient altars of his diocese, and ordered the Eucharist to be ad- ministered in the middle of churches, at tables which the papists irreverently termed oyster- boards. Bishop Jewel pronounced the clerical garb to be a stivge dress, a fool's coat, a relic of tlie Amorites, and promised that he would spare no labor to extirpate such degrading absurdities. Archbishop Grindal long hesitated about accept- ing a mitre from dislike of what he regarded as the mummery of consecration. Bishop Park- hurst uttered a fervent prayer that the Church of England would propose to herself the Church of Zurich as the absolute pattern of a Christian f oramunity. Bishop Ponet was of opinion that the word bishop should be abandoned to the papists, and that the chief officers of the purified Church should be called superintendents. None of these prelates belonged to the extreme section of the Protestant party. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 1, p. 47. 4016. BIVAL, A successful. Mari/ Queen of Scots, Mary had, after a few days of marriage, abandoned her transient fondness for the youth she imagined she had loved, conceived a cool- ness for Darnley [her hu.sband], and became again prodigal of everything toward Rizzio [an Italian musician and courtier], on whom she lav- ished power and honors, violating the almost sacred etiquette of the times by admitting him to her table i:. her private apartments, and sup- pressing the name of the king in public papers, substituted that of Rizzio. Scotland found she had two kings, or, rather, the nominal king dis- appeared to give place to the favorite. — Lamak- tine's Queen ok Scots, p. 19. 4017. BIVAL, An anioipeoted. Brother. A btawtiful female, a matron in rank, a prostitute in manners, had instructed the younger Andron- icus [.son of the Greek Ilmperor Andronicus] in the rudiments of love ; but he had reason to 8U.s- pect the nocturnal visits of a rival ; and a stran- ger passing through the street was pierced by the arrows of liis guards, who were placed in ambush at her door. That stranger was his brother. Prince Manuel, who languished and died of his wound; and the Emjieror Michael, their common father, whose health was in a declining state, ex- pired on the eighth day, lamenting the less of both his children. However guiltless in his in- tention, the younger Andronicus might impute a brother's and a father's death to the conse- quence of his own vices ; and deep was the sigh of thinking and feeling men when they per- ceived, instead of sorrow and repentance, his ill-dissembled joy on the removal of two odious competitors. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 63, p. 177. 40 1§. BIVALBT, BoBinesi. Fulton's First Steamboat. The Clermont was immediately put upon the river as a packet-boat, and plied be- tween New York and Albany until the close of navigation, being always crowded with passen- gers. Enlarged during the winter, she resumed her trips in the spring of 1808, aoid continued to run with great success, and with profit to her owners. It was long, however, before the river boatmen were disposed to tolera'c this new and terrible rival. At first, it is said, they fled in aflfright from the vicinity of the monster, fear- ing to be set on fire or run down by her. After- ward, regaining their courage, they made so many attempts to destroy her that the Legisla- ture of the State passed a special act for her pro- tection. — Cyclopedia of Biog., p. 159. 4010. BIVALBY an Obstacle. Politics. [Dur- ing the invasion of England by the Dutch, led by William, Prince of Orange, J a considerable number of peers . . . came, with Sancroft at their head, to present a petition, praying that a fri;e and legal Parliament might be called, and that a negotiation might be opened with the Prince of Orange. . . . Unexpected difficulties arose. Halifax became first cold and then ad- verse. It was his nature to discover objections to everything ; and on this occasion his sagacity was quickened by rivalry. The scheme, which he had approved while he regarded it as his own, began to displease him as soon as he found that it was also the scheme of Rochester, by whom he had been long thwarted and at length supplanted, and whom he disliked as much as it was in his easy nature to dislike anybody. Nottingham was at that time much under the influence of Halifax. They both declared that they would not join in the address if Rochester signed it. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 9, p. 465. 4020. BIVALBY, Talent vs. Uoney. Home. At the time when Pompey returned from his Asiat- ic expedition, Caesar held the office of praetor. The ambitious spirit of Pompey could brook &84 ROADS— ROHHKKV, lu'ither u superior nor iin pqiml. Crassufl, n nmn of mean tiilents, l)ut of a restless and lunhitious t^pirit, liiul, by nieuns of his enormous weaitli, giiined a very con.sideraltle party to liis interest ; Jor money at Home could always insure i)opular- ity, and thus render even IIk- weakest of men for- midable to the liberties of their eountry. Thus, with the greatest ineciualily of Uilents, Pompey )knd Crassus were rivals in the path of ambition ; and Ciesar, who at this time iwi)ired to the consul- ute, and was well aware that, by eourtinjj «^\elu• sively cither of the rivals, ho infallibly nuidethe other his enemy, showed tlie reach of his iioliti- vai genius by artfully elTeelin^ u reeoneiliution between ihnn, and thus securing tlie friendship of both. — Tytlku's Hist., JJook4, eh. 1, j). 400. 4931. BO ADS, Improvement of. Jifif/n of Cftarlea IT. It was only in tine weather that the whole breadth of the road was available for wheeled vehicles. Often the mud lay deep on the right and the left, and only a narrow track of firm ground rose above the quagmire. At such time obstructions and quarrels were frequent, and the ])ath was sometime.s blockeened, almost every day, that coaches stuck fa.st, until a team of cattle could l)e procured from some neigliboring farm to tug tliem out of the slough. But in bad seasons the traveller had to encoimter inconveniences still more serious. — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 3, p. 347. 4922. BOBBER, An honored. Jemiack the Cossack. About the end of the sixteenth century H Cossack chief of the name of Jermack, who followed the profession of a robber, and was the leader of a gang of banditti, was the means of adding to the Russian empire all that immense tract of country known by the name of Siberia. He had long infested the Ru.ssian borders by his depredations, till at last, being taken prisoner with the greatest part of his followers, and con- «lemned to suffer death, he threw himself upon the clemency of the czar, and offered, on condi- tion of receiving a pardon, to point out an easy conquest of an immense extent of empire un- known to the Russians. His offer was accepted, the czar approved of the exi^edition, and Jer- mack set out as the general of a regular army for the conquest of Siberia, then in the hands of the Tartars. This expedition was attended with all the success that could be wished. — Tytlek'b Hist., Book 6, ch. 34, p. 473. 4933. BOBBEBS, Honored. Reign of Charles II, It is related how Claude Duval, the French page of the Duke of Richmond, took to the road, became captain of a formidable gang, and had the honor to be named first in the royal procla- mation against notorious offenders ; how, at the liead of his troop, he stopped a lady's coach in which there was a booty of four hundred poun is ; ]iow he took only one hundred, and suffered the fair owner to ransom the rest by dancing a co- Tanto with him on the heath ; how his vivacious gallantry stole away the hearts of all women ; how his dexterity at sword and pistol made him a terror to all men ; how, at length, in the year 1670, he was seized when overcome by wine ; how dames of high rank visited him in prison, and with tears interceded for his life ; how the king would have granted a pardon but for the interference of .Judge Morton, the terror of high, waymen, who threatened to resign his ofllce un. Jess the law was carried into full effect ; and how, after the execution, the corp.se lay in sUite with nil the pomp of Ncutcheons, waxlights, black- hangings, . . . till the sanui cruel judge who had intereepled the mercy of the crown sent ()IHeerst()inlerce])tt!ie obsetjuies. — Macaui.av'h Eno., ch. 3, p. 350. 4924. BOBBEBS, Hunting, niood-homuls. The l)arislies were re([iiired to keiq) blood-hounds tor the purpo.se of hunting the freebooters. Many old men who were living in the middle of the eighteenth century could well remember the time when those ferocious dogs were common ; yet, even with such auxiliaries, it was found im- jjossible to track the robbers to their retreats among the hills and morasses, for the geography of that wild country was very imperfectly known.— Macaulay'b Eno., ch. 8, p. 265. 4935. BOBBEBS, Success of. Reign of Charlea- II. The public authorities seem to have been often at a loss how to deal with the.se enterpris- ing plunderers. At one time it was announced in tlie Gazette that several persons who were stronglj- suspected of being highwaymen, b\it again.st whom there was not suftlcient evidence, would bo paraded at Newgate in riding-dresses ; their horses would also be sliown ; and all gentle- men who liad been robbed were invited to inspect this singular exhibition. On another occasion a pardon was publicly offered to a robber if hu would give up .some rough diamonds, of immense value, which he had taken when he stopped the Harwich mail. A short time after appeared another proclamation, warning the inn-keepers that the eye of the government was upon them. Their criminal connivance, it was affirmed, ena- bled banditti to infest the roads with impunity. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 3, p. 355. 4936. BOBBEBY excused. Arabs. The .sepa- ration of the Arabs from the rest of mankind has accustomed them to confound the ideas of stranger and enemy ; pud the poverty of the land has introduced a maxim of jurisprudence which they believe and practise to the present hour. They pretend that, in the division of the earth, the rich and fertile climates were assigned to the other branches of the human family ; and that the posterity of the outlaw Ishmael might re- cover, by fraud or force, the portion of inheri- tance of which he had been imjustly deprived. According to the remark of Pliny, the Arabian tribes are equally addicted to theft and merchan- dise ; the caravans that traverse the desert are ransomed or pillaged ; and their neighbors, s'.nce the remote times of Job and Sesostns, have been the victims of their rapacious spirit. If a Bedoween discovers from afar a solitary travel- ler, he rides furiously against him, crying, with a loud voice, ' Undress thyself, thy aunt (>ny toife) is without a garment. " A ready submission entitles him to mercy ; resistance will provoke the aggressor. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 50, p. 87. 4937. BOBBEBY, Boyal. Henry III. The king rose above the meanness of the beggar [at times], to do the more legitimate work of the robber. " He seized by force on whatever was used in the way of meat and drink — especially wine, and even clothes — against the will of those ROMANCE— ROMANISM. 585 vol. 1, ■wlio Hold those things." — KaMoin 's En(» ch. 24, p. !*7 40dM. BOMANCE, Origin of. lioman TMn. qii'Kjf. We Imve scc^ii how prodiiijioiis wti.s the wiust(i of blood ill tlio.se expeditions [tlic Cni- Kiides], and how few returned to their countrie.s of those iiniiienHC swiiriiis wliich poured into liie j'iiiAt. liut those few who did return found in the; iidininition and up])lau.se of their counlry- mon a his^h n.'wurd for their labors ; tlieir pimses were .suni; by bards and miuHlrels, and their ex- ploits recorded in ii species of coinitosition un- known till this time, the celebrated old ito- nianees. This species of composition was so nnmcd from the Romance lanj^uagt;, in which the first of these works were composed. Latin was the vulgar tongue In France till the begin- ning of the ninth century ; then arcse a mixed dialect between the Latin and the Frank tongues, which was td to the (lames with great acclamation. — .Ma( ai;i,ay'h Eno., ch. 8, p. 359. 4934. BOHANISM against Liberty. Magna Vharta. John was comiieiled to yield to tjieir demands ; and on the 15th day of June, 1215, signed, at liunnymead, the ever memorable Magna Charta, the foundatii/i V. [In 1588,1 Poi)e Sixtus V^ nuide a solemn treaty with Philip II. [of Spain], and proniLsed him an enormous subsidy, to be paid when he had taken any English port. The warlike pontiff was equally ready with his spiritual weapons. He published a new bull of excommunication against Elizabeth, and called all Catholics to a crusade against England, as for a holy war against the Infidel. They came from all lands where the doctrines of the Reformation had never taken root, or had been extirpated — they came, needy adventurers with high-sounding names, ready to light for the true faith, and to have each a dainty plot of the English garden. They thought less of the plenary indulgences promised for their voluntary service than of the stores of wealth that would reward their valor, when the Jezebel, the accursed queen, should be hurled from her throne, and the pope should have bestowed her crown upon Philip or his nominee. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 14, p. 217. [See Cau.se, at No. 4929.] 4040. . Boniface VIIT., In August, 1296, Issued his famous bull " Clericis laicos," by which the clergy were forbidden to furnish princes with subsluios or any kind of pecuniary contribution without the permission of the Holy See, and any layman of whatever rank, demand- ing or accepting such payment, was ipso facU> excommunicated. — Students' Franck, ch. 9, § 16. 4941. fi!il)er-Snvereif/n . rinr cluri inno- cent III.] assumed the regency of Sicily during a minority. He decided between rival claim- ants to the imperial crown of Germany, first set- ting up one prince and then deposing him. He excommunicated Philip [II.] of France for an unlawful marriage, and compelled him to take back his repudiated wife. — Knight'8 Enu., vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 337. 4949. . Innocent III. [In 1208 Inno(>ent III. interdicted all the (iiurchcs of England. King John did not yieUi, and in 1813 he was excoir.inunicated. Inno(;ent proceeded,] absolving his va.ssals from their feulty, exhort- ing all Ohrlslian princes and barons to assist In (h'throning him, and exccmimunicating those who held any Intercourse with him. . . . All the ordinary operations of law were siis- |>ended. There was inij)unity for crime. There was no safety for property. [See No. 4035.] — Knioht's En(i., vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 341. 4043. BOMANISM vi. the State. Innocent Iff. [Innocent III. was pope in 1207 ; he wiui not satisfied with s|)iritual power,] unless ho could render that power an instrument for tho subjugation of every European state to a humil- iating sub.servleiicy. This principle, as express- ed by himself in a memorable letter, was that " as God created two luminaries, one superior for the day, and the other inferior for the night, which last owes its splendor entirely to the first, so he has disposed that the regal dignity should be but a reflection of the pai)al authority, and entirely subordinate to it." — Knioht'b Eno., vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 337. 4044. . Knr/land [In 1142] Mi- lo. Earl of Hereford, hius demanded money of the Bishop of Hereford to pay his troops. The bi.shop refu.ses and Mllo then seizes his lands and goods The bishop then pronounce-i sentence of excommunu.atlon against Mllo and Ills adherents, and lays an interdict upon tho whole country subject to the earl's authority. We might ha.stily think that the solemn curse pronounced against a nation, or a district, was an unmeaning ceremony, with Its " bell, book, and candle," to terrify only the weak-minded. It was one of the most outrageous of the nu- merous ecclesiastical tyrannies. . . . Under an interdict, all churches were shut. No knell wa-s tolled for the dead, for the dead remained un- burled. No merry peals welcomed the bridal processions, for no couple could be joined in wedlock. The awe-stricken mother might have her infant baptized, and the dying might receive extreme unction. But all public offices of the church were suspended. The whole kingdom was placed by the pope under edict [in 1208].— Knioht's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 18, p. 267. 4045. . Assumption. Dr. Llngard explains how the popes came to assume the power of deposing kings. They were at first contented with spiritual censures ; but when all notions of justice came to be modelled upon the feudal prin- ciples, it was maintained that sovereigns, who held their fees from God, became traitors by disobedience ; that as traitors they ought to for- feit their kingdoms or fees ; and that the pontiff, the vicegerent of God upon earth, had the right to pronounce sentence against them for the vio- lation of fealty. — Knight's Enu., vol. 1, ch. 23, p. 341. 4046. BOMANISTS, Alliance of. Oat7i. [Af- ter the discovery of the gunpowder plotj all Roman Catholics who had been convicted of recusancy, and all who liad not received the sacrament twice In twelve months in a Protes- tant church, were also required to take an oath of allegiance. In this oath the pretended power of the pope to absolve subjects from their obedi- 1W)MANISTS-1UIN. 587 ence wnM to Imj t;xprcs«ly rfiiounced. — KNKiirr'H En. -.VAH. 4047. E0MANI8T8 denounced. Croinifdl. fH(! siiys till' pritiiiplf] l>c>;ins id Ik* exploded tliiit people iiru for kiii^s iiiid churciies, mid Hiiiiits are fortiK! pope or elitirclniieii. He goes oil ill llii.H itnpitNsioiied strtiiii: " How dure you HHHtinie to eall tlies*! men your llockH whom fou have )ilunged into no liorrid ii rebellion in 1U;(1>, in the interests of Charles II., and Hgainst the (.'ommonwealtlij by whiih you liave made them and tlu; country almost a ruinous jieap '! and wiiom you liavc tieeced, and polled, and peeled hitherto and make; it your business to do so still. You cannot feed them, you |)oison them with your falstt, alioni- iimlile, aiiti Christian doctrines and practices. You keep the Word of Ood frrmi them, and instead thereof jifivo them your .scnsele.>*s or- ders and traditions. — Knioiit's Eno,, vol. 4, ch. 0, p. 120. 49 IM. B0HANIST8, Plot of. Amimntttion. [Inl8«0 ilwas arranged by the Homani.sts that an English offlcer by the name of Savage should assjissinate Queen Elizabeth, and c()nfederal<'s would liberate Catholic Mary Queen of Scots. The plot was changed. It was thought to be a plan of too mucli importance to be h'ft to the resolution of one man. It was arranged that si.\ should engage in that service. The government frustrated their plan, and the execution of con- spirators followed.]— Kxioiit's Eno., vol. 'i, ch. 13, p. 187. 4949. BOYALTT, Atrocity of. Constantino- pie. Con.'^tantinople ilscflf was for some ages the theatre of di.sgraceful resolutions, achieved by the most atrocious crimes. The attention dwells with horror on the bloody tragedies of this period : one emperor as-sassinated in re- venge of murder and incest ; another poisoned by his own wife ; a third stabbed in the bath by his servants ; a fourth plucking out the eyes of his brothers; a mother the murderer of her own son, that she might herself enjoy his throne. Of such complexion was that series of sovereigns who swayed the empire of the East for nearly two Inindred years. Under all these misfortunes Con.stantinople still remained the most populous, the most opulent, and the most polished city of Christendom, It was probably Indebted for its welfare, amid all these distresses, to its exten.sive commerce, the con.seqticnce of its situation, which gives it the command of two .seas. — Tytlkk'sHist., Book 6, ch. 4, p. 92. 4950. ROYALTY, Maternal. Knpolfon I. Soon after Napoleon's assumption of the impe- rial purple, he happened to meet his mother in the garden of St. Cloud. The emperor was sur- rounded with his courtiers, and half playfully extended his hand for her to kiss. " Not so, my son," she gravely replied, at the same time presenting her hand in return ; " it Is your duty to kiss liie hand of her who gave you life." — Abbott's Napoleon B.,vo1. 1, ch. 1. 4951. ROYALTIES, Miseriee of. Stilartn. During the period of their separate .sover- eignty over Scotland, but three of the race es- caped a violent death. The first of them who aspired to the crown of Great Britain was by an English monarch doomed to death on tlu; HcafToUl ; her grandson was beheaded in the name of the English i)eoi>le. The next in tint line, long a needy exile, is reniemlM-red chietly for his vices ; and as if a domestic; crime alono could avenge tht; national wrongs, .lames II. was reduced from royally to beggary by tlio conspiracv of his own children. — Ba.ncuokt'h U. S., vol :), ch. H>. 495tl. ROYALTY overthrown. Pulnre at Mildn. A.I). ITWIi. |Tlie Auslrians were de- feated at Lodi ; the Archd\ike Ferdinand and his duchess tied. | The moment they had de- parted republican zeal burst forth unrestrained. The tricolored cockachi seemed sudcUinly t(» hav(> fallen, as by magic, upon the hats and caps of the nudiitude, ... "A placard wafl upon the i)alace — "This house to let; for tlio keys api)ly to the French Comndssioner " [Na- poleon Bdnaparte].— Abbott's Nai'oi.kon B., vol. 1, ch. T). 4053. ROYALTY, Reiected. Statue of George III. The Declaration [of Independence] waH read on the l»th [of July] to e\ery brigade in New York City. . . . In the «'veidng a mob, comi)osed in part of soldiers, threw down tho •'(piestriun statue of George III., which stood in the Bowling Green, and the lead of which it was formed was cut in pieces to be run Into bullets. The riot offended Washington, and was rebuked in general orders. — Banchokt's U. S., vol. », v\\. i. 4954. RUIN, An ezpreiiive. Rome. [In tho fifteenth century.] This spectacle of the world, how is it fallen 1 how changed ! how ilcfacedl The path of victory is obliterated by vines, and the benches of the senators are concealed by a dunghill. Cast your eyes on the Palatine Hill, and seek among the shapeless and enor- mous fragments the marble theatre, the obe- lisks, the colo.ssal statues, the porticos of Nero 'a palace ; survey the other hills of the city ; the vacant space is interrupted only by ruins and gardens. The forum of the Roman people, where they assembled to enact their laws and elect their magistrates, is now enclosed for tho cultivation of pot-herbs, or thrown open for the reception of swine and buffaloes. The publ iC and private edifices that were founded for eternity lie prostrate, naked, and broken, like the linibs of a mighty giant ; and the ruin is tho more visible from the stupendous relics that have survived the injuries of time and fortune. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 71, p. 517. 4955. RUIN, Inevitable, lieirin of James IT. [At the trial of the seven bishops who refused to aid the king in overthrowing the Protestant (Uiurch.] The jury was sworn ; it consisted of persons of highly respectable station. The fore- man was Sir Roger Langley, a baronet of old and honorable family. With him were joined a knight and ten esquires, several of whom are known to have been men of large possessions. . . . One name excited considerable alarm, that of Michael Arnold. He was brewer to the palace, and it was apprehended that the government counted on his voice. The story goes that ho complained bitterly of the position in which ho found himself. " Whatever I do," he said, "I am sure to be half riuned. If I say Not Guilty, I shall brew no more for the king ; and if I say r>HH hl'in-ium:i{ Oiiilty, I mIihII brew no mnri- for iiiivlxMly cNc" I'l'llf IliaSHfS of tll(> IMMipIc hIiIciI wltll till' hjsli o|w. |— Macai'Lavh Knu., ell. M, p. ;H7. >l(i. RUIN, National. //// /''.f/Kiimiun. In ^riiioiiM nirii riiity pninl, mil ii varii'ty of iiitrr- mil liM well lis cxIiTiiul circiiiiiMliiiii'i's, ^vlli('|| liml llicir opcnilioii in pi'iMJiirin^' the (liillnc, iinil lit Icn^ctli tlir ruin of tliin iniinciisi' fnliric ; liiiltlu'Y iniiy lie all rrdiicrd lo one Nin^r|it Ih-ikI. 'I'lii; fall of ilii! Koniaii ( in|>iri; was Hit' incvilii- l)l(! clTrct of ilH ovcrj^rown extension. 'I'lie eoinnionweiiltli siiliHlsleil liy tlie virtuous and piitriotii; ardor of tliii citi/.eiiN ; but the passion for eonquest, wliieli at first found Nulllcient Heopo in the doniestit! war iinioni; the Italian Htiites, was, after their reduction, neeessarlly ex- tended to II distiinei-. Ueinote dominion ntlaxed the patriotic alTetition, which of necessity irnw tlio weaker, the niort! extensive! were its objects. The vices of the coiiipiered nation infected the victuriouH legions, and foreign luxuries corrupt- I'd thuir coininiiiiders. Kelllsh interest took the pliico of public virtue ; tlie (HMiple were enslav- ed by despoUs, who, regarding iw tlm first object the sticurity of their own power, found it often their wineHt ])oliey to abitsc; that martial s|iirit which was no less formiihiblo to the matter of the state than to its fonMgn enenues. Thus the military character of the UumaiiH wt-nt gradually to decay, because it was purposely depre.s.sed by the empitrors ; and thus their extensive ilotnin- ions, wanting their necessary support of brave, of virtuous, and of disciplined troops, fell an eiusy prciy to that tornjiit of barbarians which overwhelmed them. — Tyti-ku's Hist., Book 5, ch. 5, p. 21. JOAT. BULEB, A capable. KiUhnr. In 1494 Henry [VII. | took the country in hand. !Sir Ed- ward Poynings, a tried soldier, was despatched aa deputy to Ireland with troops at liis buck. English ollicers, English judges, were quietly sent over. Tlic lords of the pale \\vyi\ scared by the s(!i/.ure of their leader, the Earl of Kildare. . . . The time had not yt^t come when England wa.s .strong enough to hold Ireland by her own str(!ngth. For a while the lords of the pale must still serve as the English garri.son against the un- conquercd Irish, and Henry called his prisoner Kildare to his presence. " All Ireland cannot rule this man," grumbled his ministers. " Then shall he rule all Ireland," liiuglied the king, and Kildare returned as lord-deputy to hold the (ountry lo^'iilly in Henry's name. — Hist, ok EnO. f^EOI'LK, $^ 4»8. 495§. BULEB, Conceited. James II. James was always boasting of his skill in what he called kingcraft ; and yet it is hardly possible even to imagine a course more directly opposed to all the rules of kingcraft than that which he fol- lowed. The policy of wise rulers has always been to disguise strong acts under popular forms. It was thus that Augustus and Napoleon established absolute monarchies, while the public regarded them merely as eminent citizens investea with temporary magistracies. The policy of James was the direct reverse of theirs. He enraged and alarmed his Parliament by constantly telling them that they held their privileges merely dur- ing his pleasure, and that they had no more busi- ness to inquire what he might lawfull}' do than (he Deity might lawfully do Vet li'il bifore them. — .M.\( aui.av'h Kno., ch, ho 1. what qua" p. (IM. 4059. RULER, Embarrai' nI vx- ^tiinlnry Jiiittia) witli tin; ^rciitcNt Imitv. Ilin civil talcntN wore In »'V«'ry rcH|»c( t i'(|iial lo IiIm niilltiiry virtu(>fi. Ilo fixiiid llic kiiiKilnin in tli<< iiKiMt inlHcrutilu ooiiditioii to which uimrchy, ilo- nicNtic harhuriitiii, unil fi)rci);ii hoNtility coiilil re- duce it ; by the viilnr of his uriii/i. iind hy UU nbllltlcs itH II politician and law^rivcr, he hroii^ht ll to a ))ilch «(f einlncncc and kI'^V which, till then, Ktij^laml had never altaiiicd. The outlines of hlMadiiilrahln plan of political economy merit particular attention, im heiii^', in fact, the foiin- ,'arde(l as one of the wisest and In-Ht of men that ever occupied llie throneof any nation. — Tyti.kii'h liinr., Hook 0, ch. 5, p. I0l>. 'I06». . C/iKrUn \r,nUI. CharleM Martel jfoverned Fiaiu e for about tliirtv years with great wiHdoni, spirit, and ability. \U' was victorious over all his intestine foes ; he kept in awe the neighboring nations ; Ik- delivered Ids country from the ravages of the Saracens, whom lieentirely defeated bei ween 'I'ours and I'oictiers — thiisaverting the iinmiiient dangerof Malioin- etanism overs|)reMdiiig Western JMirope ; and he died hniiored and lauienled. — Tyti.ku'h Hist,, Hook ♦(, ch. 2, J). 51). 'flftOI. . Citinitc. Canute, from the extent 'if hi.s dominions, was one of the greatest moiiarchs of the age. lie was xovereign of Den- mark, Norway, and Kngland. Mis cluiracttT, as King of Kngland, was not uniform, llewa.s, in the first years of his reign, detested by his siib- jeclH, whom he loaded with the heaviest faxes, and exa.sp(!rated by numberle.ss acts of violence and oi)i)res.sion. In liis hifer years his admin- istration was mild and ('(piilabie. — Tyti.ku's lIiHT., Hook fl, ch. 6, p. 11:5. 4fNtA. BULEB, A horrible. J\V/y>. How lie sought to revive tlie flagging pul.se of exhausted pleasure by unheard-of enormities, and strove to make sliamu shameless by undisguised public- ity ; how lie put \o death the lust de.scen hint of Augu.HtuH, the last descendant of Tiberius, and the last descendant of the ('liiudii ; how he end- ed the bri(!f but heart-rending tragedy of the life of Octavia by defaming her inno(;ence, driving \wT to tlu! island of I'andataria, and there enforc- ing her a.ssiussination under circumstances so .sad as might have moved the hardiest villain to tears ; liow lie hiustened by jioison the death of Hurrus, and entrusted the vast power of the Pra-t irian command to Tigellinus, one of the vilest of the human race ; how, when he had exhausted the treasures amassed by the dignified economy of (-"laudius, he tilled his coffers by contiscating'the estates of innoc(!nt victims ; how \w caused the death of his .setjond wife, Poppiea, by a kick in- flicted on her when she was in a delicate condi- tion ; how, after tlie detection of the conspiracy of Piso, he seemed to revel in blood ; liow he ordered the death of Seneca ; how, by the exe- cution of Pae'vus Thrasca and Barea Soranus, he strove to extinguish the last embers of Roman magnanimity, and to slay " virtue itself ;" how wretches like Vatinius became the cherished fa- vorites of his court ; how liis reign degenerated into one perpetual orgy, at once monstrous and vulgar — into these details, fortunatclv, we neec". not follow his awful career. . . Probably no man who ever lived Iiiim crowded into fourteen yearM of life ho black u catiiUigiieof ininuitleit m thisCollot d'llerbolH u|miii uii imperial throne. — Faiiuauh Kaiii.y Days, ell. 'A, p. 2M, 1066. BULIB, An independent. Jamm T. •Tames was a tirin believer In the divinity which doth make a king ; but It must Heein tn>metliliif( Murprising that, however Hcotiaiid might how down graciously to such follies, Kngland should yield as compliantly to his will, ills reply to his first counsellors upon his arrival in Knglanil is well known: "Do I mak th(! .luiigi's? dn I mak the Hishops V then, (hid is w aims I I mak wiiat likes me, law and gospel." Coinment' ing upon this, .lolin KorHter, in his " Statestneu of Kngland," says, " h(> was not an absulute fool, and litliit more can be said of him." — llooit'tt CllOMWKI.I,, ( h. 'i,, p. ;{((. V»Wt. BULEB, A moniter. M,ih„mrt 11 f. Ma- homet II I., the successor of Aiuuiatli, began his reign like a monster, by strangling nineteen of his brothers, and drowning twelve of his father's concubines, on fhi! supposition of their being pregnant. Yet this barbarian supported tlu! dig- nity of the empire and exteiiih'd its dominions. — TvTi.KKH Ihsr., Hook (I, ch. 'Z'.\. p. iWO. 496M. BULEB, Natural, dni/ntl llraiit. His fallier being poor, as soon as riys.Hcs was able to li(!lp him he was put to work, to the neglect of his education. At the agi! of eight he was tiiiight to drive a team, and at ten was luicus- tomed to drive one from (Jeorgetowii — to which l)la(!e his father had removed — to Cincinnati, a distance of forty miles, and bring a load back. — HkADI.KY'H OKNKUAI, (jIlANT, \). 2(1. 4069. BULEB, Popular. Kinprror Adrian. On his return to Rome, his conduct was such as to ingratiate him with every rank of the citixens. He remiffcMl all the debts due to the treasury for the liLst .sixteen years, by burning flu- recordsand obligations. He bestowed lilieral presents upon tho.se amongst fheancifMit families who had full- en into indigence, and appointed new funds for the maintenance and edu<;atioii of the children of the jjoor. He then undertook a jjrogress through all the proviiu^es of the empire, rejire.ss- ing abuses, and sliidiou'Jy relieving the people wlierever he found the taxes too heavy or exor- bitant. He rebuilt many cities which had been destroyed or had fallen into ruin. Among the rest hi; rebuilt .leru.salem, which he named ^fjliit Ctipittiliiut. In these progresses through his do- minions, sf) careful was he in avoiding every- thing which might distress the provinces, that he \ise(l no equi|)age or show, but travelled on foot and lived with the frugality of a common soldier. This exemplary conduct made him be- loved and respect(ul by his subjects, as much as he was formidable to the enemies of the em- l)ire from his courage and resolution. His pop- ularity became so great that he stood not in need of the ensigns of power and autliority. The guards, and the fa.sces he deemed superfluous to him who made it his study to reign, not over the persons, but over the hearts of his subjects. — Tyti.eu's Hist., Book 5, ch. 1, p. 497. 4970. . Charlemagne. This great prince was no less respectable in his private than in his jiublic character. He was a man of Um 6UU UrLKIl-Hri.KUS. moHt uniinlil<> (tli*poHitli>nN, nml tlicrr never wiin K noveretKii to wlioiii IiIn Miil>Je('tN were iiuire itt bicheit friitii cotiNlilerulldii of |)i'rMr)niil re^iird. IIIh Hcrrctury iiikI liiMtnrian, KKinliiul, ^{vvh h iH-iiutlfiil |il('tiirc of liii ;hlerH, aeeordui^ to theNlmple manners of the times, were assiduous ly employed In the various laliors of housewife ry, particularly in spinnini; wool wllh the dls- tatT, For his children he indulpd in ail the af- fection of the fondest parent, and he liore the )>r(^nuilure loss of some of Ihem with less mn« nuidmity than nd^ht have lieeti expected from HO heroic a ndiid. 'rvTi.KU'ri IIiht.. Itook (I, <'h. U, p. 7!l. 40TI. R'JLER, A righteoui. Ihininh Kiiifi. A letter which (nut wrote after twelve years of rul*! to Ids Kn^dlsh sulijecls marks the >(randeur 4*f Ids character and the nohle ( onceptlon he had formed of kin^^ship. " I have vowed to Ood to lead II rl^ht life in ail tldnj^x," wrote tlie kin>r, "to rule Justly and piouslv my realms iinil hiiIi- IeetH, 1111(1 to administer Just Judgment to ail. f heretofore 1 have done iiujjfhl heyond what was just, tliroui,di headiness or neffHi^encc- of youth, I am ready, willi Ood'slKtlp, to amend it utterly." No royal ollleer, eitlier for fear of the kiii^ or for favor of any. Is to consent to in)\is- tlce, none is to do wronj; to rich or poor, "as they would value my friendship and their own welllxdiif;." \lv es,,e(ially denounces unfair <'Xactions : " I hiivi' no need that money he lieiii)ed lo^etlier forme'oy unjuHt (U'lnands. " " I have sent this letter heforf me," ('nut ends," that all the jH-ople of my realm may rejoicis in my ■well-doiii;; ; for ns you yourselves know, never have I spared, nor wil' I sjjare, to spend myself and my toil in what is needful and good for my jieople." {'nut's fjreatest gift to his people was tliut of peace. With him began the long inlernal trurciuil'ity which was from this time to be thi! keynote of the national history. [Hate, early in the eleventh century.] — Hist, ok Eno. Pko- PLK, 5^ 87. 4973. BULER, Ruinoui. ITmllim. After hi.<' enfranchisement from an oppressive guardian, John Pahi'ologus remained tliirty-si.K years ■:u\ helpless, and, as it should seem, the careless hi;i tjitor of the public ruin. Love, or rathe- I'l., was his only vigorous piLssion ; and in the • a- brares of tlie wives and virgii\s of the city, the Turkish slave forgot the di.shc/ior of the emperor «f the liomnna [of the Eastern empire]. — Giu- bon'8 Rome, ch. 04, p. 242. 4973. RULER, A ahameleu. Charles IF. A king might be pardoned for anuising his leisure with wino, wit, and beauty, but it was intolerable that he should sink into a mere suunterer and voluptuary ; that the gravest affairs of state Rhould be neglected, and that the public service should be starved and the finances deranged in order that harlots and parasites might grow rich. — Macaulay's ENO.,ch. 2, p. 177. 4974. RULER, A iplrited. CfiarlfsXlL [After the defeat of the Swedes at Pultowu 1 Charles, a fugitive, with n few followem, oroMwd th* river I>nelper, and nought an iiNylum in the (!(.• minions of the grand Ncignior, Ia'I us now mark the conduct of Charles In Hwedeii, where it was not known whether their king was dead or alive, the regencv had thoughtH of capitulating with thec/ar. When Chiirles heard of this pro- posal, he wrote to the senate that h(< would Ncnd them one of his boots to govern them. WithhiH fcelile train of followers, who amounted only to IHiM) men, he formed a small camp near Mender, from V hence he endeavored to prevail wiili tho court of Consiantinople to arm in his favor against llie Uusslans.— Tv ii.i.ii'h IIiht., Hook ti, ch. a.". i« iMd. J975. .1ULER, A lupflrior. l/n,ri/ VII. Tho lU'iiiv of Uichnionil sang a hvmnlnttud upon the held of battle |of llos\soi'lh I, and with thn loudest aci'lamations proclaimed him as jleiwy \'ll. King of Kngland. 'i'hisauspicinus day put an end to lln' civil wars between the houses of York and Lancaster. Henry, bv marrying the Princess Kli/.abeth, daughter of Edward IV., united In his own person the Interests and righlti of both these families. This excellent i)rince, who kiP'w how to govern as well a.s to coiupier, wasoneoflh«' best monan lis that ever reigned in Kngland. Thenation, uns too rigid, which, in IiIh latter years, degenen led even intoavarice ; and thougli his iixeswere not oppressive, \w left ia tlie treasury, at his death, .lo less than two mill- ions sterling. — Tvti. Kit's IIiht., Book ((, ch. 14, p. 22H. 4976. RULERS, Change of. " I'onthw'.H War." The French had won the affections of the sav- ages by their pliability and their temi)eiance, and retained it by religions influence ; they seemed no more to be masters, but comi)anions and friends. [The French weredriven out of Canada and liie west by the English.] More formidable enemies now appeared, arrogant in their j>reten- sions, .seotling in.solently at tho.se whom they su[)eiseded, driving awaj' their (Jatholic i)riestH, and introducing the traffic in rum, wliich tilt then had been eirectually ;)rohibited. [War fol- lowed.] — Hancuoft'h C S., vol. 5, ch. 7. 4977. RULERS, Ma-jy. Si j- Emperors . For the first, and indeed for the last time, the Uoman world was administered by six emperors. In tho West, Con.stantine and !Maxeutius affected to reverence their father Maximian. In the East, Licinius and Maximin honored with more real consideration their benefactor Galerius. The op- po.sition of interest and the memory of a recent war divided the empire into two great hostile powers ; but their mutual fears produced an apparent tranquillity.— Gibbon's Rome, ch. 14, p. 466. 49711. RULERS, Precise and parental. John Ilmcard. He began the education of his son aL lUr-EltH— HAHIUTII. 601 in. That pticratlou had ti«Tn Kn^iand, during h few years, allied on eipiul terms with France, victorious over Holland and Hpaln, the ndsl.'ess of the sea, the terror of Itonie, Ihu head of the Protestant interest. Her rv Kources had not dindnished ; and it ini^ht have iH^en expected that she would have heen at least an Id^hiy considered in Kuropi! under a legitimate kiiiK, strong in the alTection and willin^'oliedi- cnce of Ids Hid),|ecls, as she had heen under a usurtxT whose utmost vij^iianee and eiierffy woro reijuired to keep down a mutinous jiecmle ; yot ■hu had, in conse({uence of the imbecility and ineaiuK^ss of lutr rulers, sunk ho low that any (k>rman or Italian |)rincipalitv which brou^dit five thousand men into the Held was a more im- ]M>rtunt mumber of tin; commonwealth of nu- llouH. — Mai'AUI.ay'h Knu., ell. 2, p. 21'>. 49ftO. BULEBS, Beiponiibility of. IMtM. They might safely be tyrants within the i)recinct of the court, but it was necessary for them to watch with constant anxiety the temper of the country. Henry V'UI., for example, encoun- tered no opposition when he wished to Hend lluckingham and Hurniv, Anne Boieyn and Lady Salisbury, to Ww scalfold ; but when, without the consent of Parliament, he denumded of his i>uhiects u contribution amounting to one sixth of theirijoods, Ikj soon found it nec'essary to re- tract. The cry of hundreds of thousands was that they were Knglishand not French, freemen and not slaves.— Mai'AIM.ay'hEno., ch. l,)). !5H. 49§ I. BULEBS, Terrifying. Itomnn. All the vice, all the splendor, all the degradation of I'agan liome, seemed to be gathered uj> in the 1)er8on of [Nero] that emj)eror who first placed dmself in a relation of direct antagonism against Christianity. Long before! death ended the astute; comedy in which Aiigustus bad so gravely borne his part, he had experienccsd the Nemesis of Ab- Bolutism, and foreseen the awfid pos.sibilitiea which It involved. Hut neitlier he nor any one els»> could have divined that foiir such rulers as Tiberius, Qaius, Claudius, and Nero — the first a Banguinary tyrant, the second a furious mad- man, the third an uxorious imbecile, the fourth a heartless buffoon — would in succession afflict and horrify the world. Yet these rulers sat upon the breast of Rome with the paralyzing spell of a nightmare. The concentration of the old pri- rogatives of many offices in the person of one, who was at once Consul, Censor, Tribune, Pon- lifex Maximus, and perpetual Imperator, forti- fied their power with the semblance of legality, and that power was rendered terrible by the sword of the Prtetorians and the deadly whis- |MT f)f the Informem.- Fahkah'i* Kahlt Datb, ch. 2, p. II. •ONil. RULKKl, Unaduoattd. " ('rt»f>u,l Au." Ilu was one of the early rulers of a part of An- ou in Fran( e. | Alone of his race, Fulk tho iiiood waged no wars ; hU delight was to sit iti the choir of Tours and to lie tailed "canon." One Martiiunas eve Fnlk was singing there In <'lerkly guise when the French king, Loui^ d'Oulremer, entered the chureli " He sings liko a priest," laughed the king, as bis nobles pointed mockingly to the llgure of the count canon. Hut Fulk was ready with his reply. "Know, my lord." wroi(! the Count of Anjoii, "that a kin^ unlearned is a crowned ass " Fnlk was in fact no priest, butabusy nder, governing, enforcing peace, and carrying Justice to every corner of tin; wasted land. 'I o him alone of his race men L'avethe title of " thedood. '— liiMroUY ok Lno, I'Kol'l.K, S I'-i'-J- 'town. BUMORB, Welcomed. Iholfi of C/,.. <>« If. We cannot, therefore, wonder that wuu stories without nundier were re|>eMted and be- lieveil by the common ))eople. His MaJeKty'a tongue had swelled to the si/eof a neat's tongue. A <'ake of ileleteriouH powder I:ad been found In his brain. There were blut! Njxits on hi.s breast. There were black spots on his shoulder. Home- thing had been put into his snulTbox. Home- thing had been put into his broth. Homething had neen put into his favorite dish of eggs ana ambergris. The DucIichs of I'ortsmouth luid poisoned him in a cup of chocolate. The ipieen ha of God that it was para- di.se to me." There was nothing in it to sit on, and his only bed wa.s a heap of decayed straw. — Stkvk.ns' MirnioDis.M, vol. 1, p. 207. 5000 SACRIFICES, Ministerial. Bn: TIiok. Smith. He rode four thousand miles and preached four hundred sermons in one year, and laid many nights on wet cabin floors some- times covered witJi snow through the night, and his horse standing under a pelting storm of snow or rain, and|at the end of the year received his travelling expenses and four silver dollars of his sjilarv. — Stkvens' M. E. Ciiikch, ch. 4, p. 269. 5001. SACRILEGE, Infamous. JIakem the Turk. The temph; of the Christian world, the church of the Resurrection, was demolished to its foundations ; the luminous prodigy of Easter was interrupted, and much profane labor was exhausted to destroy the cave in the rock ■which properly constitutes the holy sepulchre. At the report of this sacrilege, the nations of Europe were astonished and afflicted ; but, in- stead of arming in the defence of the Holy Land, they contented themselves with burning or banishing tlie Jews as the secret advisers of the impious barbarian. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 57, p, 632. 5003. SACRILEOE, Sectarian. Sacking of Constantinople. The churches were profaned by the licentiousness and party zeal of the Lat- ins. [The Roman Catholics.) After stripping the gems and i)earls, they converted the chalices into drinking cups ; their tables, on which they gamed and feasted, were covered with the i)ict- iircs of (Christ and the saints ; and they tram- pled under fo'.it the most venerable obji'cts of the Christian worship. In the cathedral of St. Sophia the ample veil of the .sanctuary was rent asunder for the sake of the golden fringe; and the altar, a nKmument of art and riciicH, was broken in pieces and shared among the cap- tors. Their mules and horses were laden with the wrought silver and gilt carvings which they tore down from the doors and pulpit ;and if the beasts stumbled under the burden, they were stabbed by their impatient drivers, and the holy pavement streamed with their impiiro bl()t)d. A prostitute was .seated on the throno of the patriarch ; and that daughter of Belial, as she is styled, sung and danced in the church, to ridi(Mile the hymns and processions of the Ori- entals. — GniHoNS RoMK, ch. 60, p. Si'i. 500». SAFETY, Public. Inhiimnniti/. [Goth- ic youths were distributed through the emi)ire as hostages. They were tempt"d to cons])iro against their masters.] As soon as he [.lulius] had obtained the discretionary power of acting as he should judge most exiwdient for the good of the republic, he asseml)led the principal ofli- cers, and privately concerted elTeclual measures for the execution of his bloody design. An order was immediately promulgated, that, on a stated day, the Gothi(! youth should as,semble in the ca])- ital cities of their resi)ective jirovinces ; and as a report was industriously circulated that they were summoned to receive a liberal gift of land.s and money, the pleasing hni)e allayed the fury of their resentment, and, perhaps, suspended tho motions of the consi)iracy. On the ai)pointed (lay, the unarmed crowd of the Gothic youth was carefully collected in the scjuare or forum ; the .streets and avenues were occupii'd by \hu Roman troops, and the roofs of the houses were covered with archers and slingers. At thesjime hour, in all the cities of the East, the .signal was given of indiscriminate slaughter ; and the provinces of Asia wens delivered, by the cruel prudence of Julius, from a domestic enemy, who, in a few months, might have carried tiro and sword from the Hellespont to the Euphri- tes. The urgent con.sideration of the jiublic safety may undoubtedly authorize the violation of every positive b>w. — Gihho.n's Ito.Mic, ch. 26, p. 56. 5004. SAFETY, Selfish. Dariu). [When Da- rius fled with his routed army before Alex- ander the Great, he was in great peril of his per- .sonal safely.] Justin tells us, that when tho.se about Darius advised him to break down th« bridge of the Cydnus, to retard the enemy'.s pursuit, he answered, " I will never purchase safety to myself at the expense of so many thousands of my subjects as mu.st by this means be lost." — Pi-UTARCu's " Alexandek," Lanu- hoiine's Note. 5005. SAILOR, A gfteat. Sebastian Cahot. [By his great discoveries in America] he advanced the commerce of England . . . and was pensioned as the great seaman. — Bancroft's Hist, of U. S., vol. 1, ch. 1. 594 SAILOR— SAINTS. 5006. 8AIL0B, Trials of the. fi<(in. Jolimcn. lliH negro servant, Friincis IJiirber, having left liiin and been some time at sen, . . . u stale of life of which Johnson always expressed the utmost abhorrence. He said, " No man will be a sailor who has contrivance enough to get him- self into a jail ; for being in a ship is being in a jail, with the chance of being drowned." And at another time, " A n\an in a jiiil has more room, better food, and commonly better com- pany." — BoswELi.'s Johnson, p.'or). ftOOr. SAILOR, Youthful. Sir Francis DntKr. When he was about twelve years old he was reg- ularly apprenticed to the captain of a small ves- sel trading with Holland and France, in which lie took the i)Iaco of a cabin-boy. The cabin- boy of a ship in former times, like the yomigest api)reutice in a shop, was recpiired to do all the odd, disagreeable jobs, such as greasing the mast, washing the dishes, ftirling the topmast sail, coiling uj) the ropes, tarring the cable, feed- ing the ])ig. Young Drake performed his duties so well, learned his business so thoroughly, and won the contidence and affection of the captain to such a decree, that the captain, dying when Drake was eighteen, bequeathed him his vessel. The young man soon proved his fitness to com- mand. Having made one successful voyag<^ to the western ports of France, lie sailed next to Africa, and brought home a good share of the gold dust and elephants' tusks of Guinea. — Cy- ii.oi'EDiA OF Brod., p. 359. 5008. SAILOBS, Destitution of. Reign of Chinirs II. It does not appear that there was in the service of any of the Stuarts a single naval officer, such as, according to the notions of our time, a naval otHcer ought to be — that is to say, a man versed in the theory and practice of his (•ailing, and steeled against all the dangers of battle and tempest, yet of cultivated mind and liolishcd manners. There were gentlemen and there were seamen in the navy of Charles II., but the seamen were not gentlemen, and the gen- tlemen were not seamen. — Macaitlay's Eno., ch. 3, p. 284. 5009. SAILORS, Patriotic. EiifiUxh. [Charles 1. commanded Admiral Pennington to a.ssist Louis in fighting the Huguenots.] For the third time Pennington took his vanguard into the French harbor, and with him went, with des- perate reluctance, the seven merchant ships. One captain. Sir Ferdinando Gorges, broke through and returned, learning that the destina- tion of the fleet was Rochelle. Pennington and the rest doggedly obeyed the king's warrant, and delivered up the .ships and their stores ttrith- out their crews, Pennington declaring that he would rather be hanged in England for disobe- dience than fight himself or see his seamen fight against their brother Protestants of France. He quietly looked on while his crews deserted, leaving every ship, including his own, to be manned by Frenchmen, and came back to set himself right with his countrymen. The van- guard hastened away to Rochelle, and her can- nons, no longer manned by English crews, ac- complished the object of the " martyr king" and "Defender of the Protestant Faith!" — "open- ing fire against Rochelle, and mowing down the Huguenots like gras.s." The.se were the sailors of those dajs, and this was the English Govern- ment of those days. — lloou's Ckomwki.i., ch. ;>, p. 00. 5010. SAINTS canonized. % lope. The canonization of saints was practised by every bishop for twelve centuries ; at length, the num- ber growing out of all bounds, the i)ope8 thought it necessary to a.ssume the exclusive right of canonization. Pope Alexander III., one of the most profligate of men, was the flr.st who issued a solenm decree reserving to him.self the .solo right of making siunts. — TvTLKit'a Hist., Book 0, ch. 3, p. 85. 5011. SAINTS, Marks of. Joan of Are. In the space of a few years, before and after the Pucelle, every province had its saint — either a Pierrette, o Breton peasant girl who holds con- verse v.ith Jesus Christ, or a Marie of Avignon, a Catherine of Rod elle, or a poor shepherd, such as Saintrailles brings up from his own coun- try, who has the stigmata on his feet and hands, ami who sweats blood on holy days like the pres- ent holy woman of the Tyrol. — Michelkt's Joan, p. 1. 50ia. SAINTS, Pillar. Stylites. Among these heroes of the mona.stic life, the name and gen- ius of Simeon Stylites have beer, immortal- ized by the singular invention of an aerial pen- ance. At the age of thirteen the yi r ng ' i ' m deserted the profession of a shepherd : i i ' ■ himself into an austere monaster}', li icr .i long and painful novitiate, in which Simeon was re- peatedly saved from pious suicide, he estab- lished his residence on a mountain, about thirf}' or forty miles to the east of Antioch. Within the space of a mandra, or circle of stones, to which he had attached himself by a ponderous chain, he ascended a column which was suc' cessively raised from the height of nine to that of sixty feet from the ground. In this last ancl lofty station the Syrian anchoret resisted lh« heat of thirty summers and the cold of as many winters. Habit and exercise instructed him to maintain his dangerous situation without fear or giddiness, and successively to assume the differ- ent postures of devotion. He sometimes prayed in an erect attitude, wiih his outstretched arm.>i in the figure of a cro.ss ; but his most familiar practice was that of bending his meagre skele- ton from the forehead to the feet ; and a curious spectator, after numbering twelve hundred and forty-four repetitions, at length desisted from the endless account. The progress of an Ulcer in his thigh might shorten but it could not dis- turb this celestial life ; and the patient hermit expired without descending from his column. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 37, p. 539. 5013. SAINTS, Worship of. Introduction. At Rome the bones of St. Peter and St. Paul — or, rather, what they believed to be such — were re- moved from their graves one hundred and fifty years after their death, and deposited in magnifi- cent shrines. In the following a^.a Constanti- nople, which could boast no treasures of that kind within her own walls, had recourse to the provinces, and acejuired from them the supposed bodies of St. Andrew, St. Luke, ani St. Timo- thy, after these had been dead for three hundred yet'.rs. But these sacred treasures were appro- priated solely to the churches of the capitals of tl ri tn t(| HI cj nl al a{ b| PI af ol n ril ill hi :r.T::235zrssss SALAUY— SCANDALS. 595 tlu! empire ; other cities and their rhiirelies ])()r- rowcd i)ortioii.s of these older relics ; luid where the\ had not Intere.Ht to procure tjiese, their pri"sts had dexterity to discover relics of their •own. The possession of these bones was found to conIacau- lay's Eng., ch. 3, p. 288. 5015. SARCASM, Merited. "Leave the Tltarnes." [In lOKi James I, threatened ruin to the Londoners by removing his own court, and tl>e Court of Westminster Hall, and the Records in the Tower, because he was refused by the city a donation called a "benevolence." The Lord Mayor replied :] " Your Majesty hath power to do what you plea.se, and jour city of London will ob(;y accordingly ; but she humbly desires that when your Majesty shall remove your courts you would plea.se to leave the Thames behind you." — Knioiit's Eno., vol. 3, ch. 22, p. 357. 5016. SAVAGES, Ancient. Germany. [The Hcruli inhabited the dark forests of Germany and Poland.] Their names, the only remains of their language, are Gothic. They fought almost naked, like the Icelandic Berserkirs ; their bravery was like madness ; few in number, they were mostly of royal blood. What feroc- ity, what unrestrained license, sullied their vic- tories ! The Goth respects the church, the priests, the senate ; the Heruli mangle all in a general massacre : there is no pity for age, no refuge for chastity. Among themselves there is the same ferocity : the sick and the aged are put to death, at their own request, during a solemn festival ; the widow ends her days by hanging herself upon the tree which shadows her husband's tomb. All these circumstances, 80 striking to a mind familiar with Scandinavian history, lead us to discover among the Heruli not so much a nation as a confederacy of princes and nobles. — Mii.man's Note in Gibbon's Home, ch. 30, p. 16. 5017. SAVAGES, Gentle, ^^atirex of St. TlniniiiK. " So lovin^-, •<() tractable, so peaceable, are these people," says Columbus in his joiirnal, " that 1 .swear to your majesties there is not in the world a better nation nor a better land. Thoy love their neighbors as them.selves, and their discourse is ever sweet and gentle, and ac- companied with a smile ; and though it is truo that they are naked, yet their manners are dec- orous and praiseworthy." — IiiviNu's Columbus, Book 4, ch. 8. 501§. SAVIOUR, A false. Titux Outen. [Titus Gates, the infamous and unscrupulous false wit- ness who caused the death of those whom he ac- cused of connection with the " Popish plot,"] put on an episcopal garb except the lawn sleeves — silk gown and cassock, great hat, satin hat-band and rose, long scarf — and was called, or most blasphemously called himself, the Saviour of tho nation. Whoever he pointed at was taken up and committed, so that numy people got out of his way, as from a blast. The very breath of him was pestilential, and if it brought not im- prisonment or death on whom.soever it fell, it surely poi.soned reputation. — Knight's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 20, p. 337. 5019. SAVIOUR in a Name. Sri(X' for the re- maining six. Her jiroposal being rejected with scorn, she burned lliree more, and notwitlistand- ing, still insist(,'d on her first price. Taniuin, Kurprised at the novelty of the thing, put tlie hooka into the liands of the augurs to l)e exam- ined, who advised to iiurclm.se tliem at any rate. Accordingly lie did, and apjjointed two jiersons of distinction, .styled Duumviri, to be guardians of them, who locked them up in a vault uii '"r the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, and tin re the. [This remarkal)I(! poet hc^eame a dninkanl. 3lr. John Allan, u rieh merchant, adopted him. | When the hoy was not (juite seven years ot I «>,'e, he took liim to London ; and, in a villai^e near that city, ho placed tiie little orphan at a l)()ardin<^-school, where he left him for neatly live years. So far as is known, the child had not a friend, still less u relation, on that side of the ocean. Here was an eau'er, vivacious, and l)rol)al)ly precocious hoy, coniined in tlu; (U-.sola- tioa of an Enjiflish .school ; which is, generally speaking, a scene as unsinted to the ])r()|>er nurt- ure of the young as Labrador for \\w. breeding of canary-birds. Such a boy as that needed the tenderness of women and the watchfid care of an affectionate and wise father, I le needed love, home, and the minute, fond attcjiitiou which rare and curious plants usually receive, but which children seldom do, who are so much more worthy of it, and would reward it so much more. He needed, in short, all that he did not have, and he hail in abundance much that lie did not need. If the truth could be known, it would probably be found that Poe received at this school the germ of the evil which finally de- stroyed him. Certainly he failed to ac(^uire the self-control and strong principle whicli might liave saved him. — Cvci.orEuiA ofUioo., p. 788. 5033. SCHOOL, Trials at. Napoleon I. [The young aristocrats] sneered at the iilaiiiness of Napoleon's dress, and at the emptiness of his purse [when at school at lirienne, near Paris]. His proud spirit was stung to the (piick by these indignities, and his temper was roused by that disdain to which he was compelled to submit, and from which he could find no refuge. Then . . . was implanted in his mind that hostility, wliich he ever afterward so signally manifested to rank, founded not on merit, but upon the ac- cident of birth. . . . Thirty years after this Napoleon said, "Called to the throne by the voice of th(! people, my maxim has always been, ' A cnner open to talent.' without distinction of birth." — Ahbott's Napoi.kon Ji., vol. 1, cli. 1. 303 1. SCHOOL DAYS, Happy. Samuel John- son. He maintained that a boy at .school was the liappicstof human beings. I supported a differ- ent oiiinion, from which I have never vet vuri(;d, that a man is happier ; and I enlarged upon the anxiety and sufferings which arc endured at •school. Johnson: "Ah! Sir, a hoy's being Hogged is not so severe as a man's having the hiss of the world against liim. Men have a solic- itude about fame, and the greater share they have of it, the more afraid they are of losing it." — BoswEM.'s JoirxsoN, p. 124. 9035. SCHOOL-LIFE, Tedious. Shakespeare. There was in Stratfortl an ancient grammar school, where Latin and Greek were taught ; and taught (as I guess) in the ancient dull way ; for this school Shakespeare attended from about his seventh to his fourteenth year, ami he speaks in his plays of boys crceiiing ' uiiwillingly to school." and of their going from school with alacrity. There arc tiiirtccn passages in the works of Shakespeare expressive of the tedium and disgust which boys used to endure in the barbarous schools of the olden time ; wiiere- as, there is not one which alludes to school as a pleasant place. — Cvci.oi-icui.v ov J5io^ may not Ite buried in the graves of our forefathers, it was ordered in all the Puritan colonies, "that in every tov.'nship, aftiT the Lord hath increased them to the number of fifty householders, sliall appoint one to tea('h all children to write ancl read ; and when any town shall increase to one hundred families thoy shall .set up a grammar school, the masters thereof being al)l(! to instruct youth, so far as they mav be fitted for the uni- versity." — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 1, ch. 10. 5041. SCHOOLS, Chriitianized. Roman. [About the beginning of the third century the Church was in a prosperous condition.] Philo.s- ophy, her most dangerous enemy, was now con- verted into her most useful ally. The groves of the academy, the gardens of Epicurus, and even the portico of the Stoics, were almost deserted, as so many different scliools of scepticism or im- piety ; and many among the Romans were de- sirous that the writings of Cicero should be con- demned and supprcs.sed by the authority of the senate. The prjvailing sect of the new Plato- nicians judged it prudent to connect thcm.selves with the priests, whom, perhaps, they despised, against tlie Christians, whom tliey had reason to fear. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 16, p. 59. 5043. SCHOOLS, ExoellenM in. ^^/(^;uV>/t. The Attic schools of rhetoric and philo.sophy main- tained their superior reputation from the Pelo- ponnesian war to the reign of Justinian. Athens, though situate in a barren soil, possessed a pure air, a free navigation, and the monuments of an- cient art. That sacred retirement was seldom disturbed by the business of trade or govern- ment ; and the last of the Athenians wer<; dis- tinguished by their lively wit, the purity of their taste and language, their social manners, and fiome traces, at least, in discourse, of the magna- nimity of their fathers. In the subur))s of the city, the academy of the Platonists, the lyceum of the Peripatetics, the portico of the Stoics, and the garden of the Epicureans, were planted with trees and decorated with statues ; and the phi- losophers, instead of being immured in a clois- ter, delivered their instructions in spacious and pleasant walks, which, at different hours, were consecrated to the exercises of the mind and body. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 40, p. 106. 5043. SCHOOLS, Perverted. RcignofJairMsII. The king had already begun to treat Oxford with such rigor, that the rigor shown toward Cambridge might, by comparison, be called len- ity. Already University College had been turned by Obadiah Walker into a Roman Catholic sem- inary. Already Christ Church was governed by a Roman Catholic dean. Mass was already said daily in both those colleges. — Macaulay's Eno. , ch. 8, p. 261. 5044. SCHOOLS, Ragged. In Ij)tidon. A Scotch giirdener, Andrew Walker, attempted to weed "The Devil's Acre " [a di,itrict in London abandoned to tliieves, beggars, and pickpockets] , and in 1839 set up a school, in a stable, for re- claiming the wretched children who swarmed around him. This was the beginning of ' ' Rag- -KNUiur'H EN (DiiHfilc you," till'}' said, stcppiiif? over tlu; thrcHliold rrowl of this hateful faition. -^ >L\('Ai;i,Av'rt Em* , ch. 10. p. nttl. !HW9. SECTS, Aversion among. DoikUikU. If they obtained po.s.session of a church w hich had been used by their Catholic adversaries, they purified the unhallowed building' with the ,same /ealou.s care which a tem]>lc of idols nught have; rccjuired. They wanhed th(^ i)a\('menl, scraped I he walls, Inirnt the altar, which was commonly of wood, melted the con.seciiited plate, and cast the Holy Eucharist to the doffs, with every cir- cumstance of if^nominy which could provoke and perpetuate the animosity of religious fac- tiou.s.— Gihuon'h Homk, ch. 21, p. 2!)». A070. SECTS, Differences of. I'ermtn—Turk. 'Vhv national religion of the Persians is the Ma- hometnu, as reformed by Soi)hi. The slender dilTerence of opinions between them and the 'I'urks iath*; causi; of an aversion much stronger than (!ver subsisted between the Protestants and Catholics. If a l^rsian were washing his hands in a river, he would conceive himself contami- nalcni if he knew that u Turk had bathed in it. — Tytler'8 Hist., Ik)ok 0, ch. 23, p. 331. 5071. . Mdfjnijkd. [When the Greeks and Latins met to form a reunion of the t?aUiolic church in the fifteenth century they experienced great difHeulty and tlieir labor was ineflfective. ] In the treaty l)elween the two na- tions several forms of consent were propo.sed, such as might .satisfy the Latins without dis- honoring the Greeks ; and they weighed the acru- |)leH of words and syllables till the tlieological i)alance trembled with a slight preponderance in favor of the Vatican. It wa,s agreed (I nmst en- treat the attention of the reader) that the Holy Giiost proceeds from the Father and the Son, as from one principle and one substance ; that he proceeds by the Son, being of tlie same nature and substance, and that he proceeds from the Father and tlie Son, by one spiration and pro- duction. — Giubon's Rome, ch. 67, p. 32L 5072. SEDITION, Partisan. "Blues'' and " Qreens." [Against the Emperor Justinian.] A, nulitar' force, winch had been despatched to the aid of the civil magistrate, was tierccily encoun- tered by an armed multitude, who.se" luimbers and boldness continually increased ; and the ileruli, the wildest barbarians in Ihc service of the empire, overturned iho priests and their rel- ics, which, from a pi(ieen rash Iv interpoM-d to separate the liloody contli(>t The tumult was «?xasperalcil by this sacrilege ; the people fought willi enthusiasm in the ciium! of God ; the women, from the roofs and win- dows, showered Htones on the heads of the sol- diers, who dart(>d Hrebrands against the houses ; and the varions Mamis, which had Ihcu kindled by tin; hands of < 'ti/.ens and strangers, spread without control over Ihc face of the city. Tlio contlagration involved the cathedral of Ht. So- |)hia. tlie baths of Zeuxippus, a part of tlu; pal- ace, from the first entrance to the altar of Mars, and the long portico from the palace to the fo- rum of (dnstantine ; a large hospital, with the sick patients, was consumed ; many churchcH and stately edifices were destroyed, and an im- mense treasure of gold and silver was cither melt- ed or lost. From such scenes of horror and dis- tress th(' wi.se and v/eallhv citi/ens escaiu'd over the Ii(>s])horus to tlu- Asiatic side ; aiul during five days Constantinople was abandoned to the factions, whose watchword, Nika, ranquMi! has given a name to this memorable sedition. — (JiiinoN's UoMK, ch. 40, p. (M. 507:1. SEDUCTION avenged. Jloniuii h'liijifror ('iirinuH. Carinus jjosscsscd arms and treiusures siiflicient to support his legal title to the em- pire. Hut his personal vi(;es overbalanced every advantage of birth and situation. . . . A tribune, who.se wife he had seduced, ,seized the opportu- nity of rev(!nge, and, by a singU; blow, extin guished civil discord in the blood of Ww adul- terer. — Giiuion'h Home, ch. 12, p. 401. 5074. SEDUCTION by Promises. Henry VIH. " If it plea.se you," the king wrote at this time to Anne Boleyii, " to do the ofllce of a true, loy- al mistress, and irive yourself body and heart to ine, who have b n and mean to be your loyal servant, I pronii you not only the name, but that I shall make sou my sole mistress, remove all others from my affection, and serve you only." What stirred Henry's wrath most was (!atherine's " stiff and obstinate" refusal to bow to his will. Wolsey's advice that " your grace should handle her both gently and doulcely" only goaded Henry's impatience. — Hist, ok Eno. Peopmc, § 549. 5075. SEDUCTION, Panishment of. ConaUin- tine. The laws of Constantine against rapes not only to the brutal violence which compelled, but even to the gentle seduction which might per- suade, an unmarried woman, under the age of twenty-five, to leave the house of her parents. The successful ravisher was punished with death ; and as if simple death was inadequate to the enormity of his guilt, he was either burnt alive, or torn in pieces by wild beasts in the am- phitheatre. The virgin's declaration that she had been carried away with her own consent, instead of saving her lover, exposed her to share his fate. The duty of a public prosecution was intrusted to the parents of the guilty or unfortunate maid ; and if the sentiments of nature prevailed on them to dissemble the in,jury, and to repair by a sub- sequent marriage the honor of their family, they were themselves punished by exile and confisca- tion. The slaves, whether male or female, who were convicted of having been accessory to rape or seduction, were burnt alive, or put to death by the itiL'^cnioiis torture of pouring down their QO'Z SI:KKIN(}-SI;|,F AHNK(!ATlON. tlirdaUiiimanlilv of iiicltt'd It'lul. . . HiitwIiiM rvcr the (inciicc iiiH|iiri's Icns horror thuii thr pun ishmciil, tht; ri^or of iiciml law isolili^cd lo irivc way to tlic coiiiiuon frrlin^H of inankind. (Iiii IIONH lloMK, ell II, p Ht.'). 5076. SEEKING for Ood. ('r»mwdl. For my hi'h>V)>(i dauKlUrr, lr cool thy alTectioriM after (Jlirist. I hope he \l/ii/ /lunhand] will he an occasion lo intiame them. That which is hest worlliy of love in thy husharid is that of tlu! imap- of (.'lirisl he hears. lA)ok on thai, and love it liest, and all the rest for that. [ pray for thee and him; do .so for me. — Hood's ('lio\iwKM,, eh. 12, p. Ifll. 5077. SELF, Conquest of. Mulioniet. He in- stituted in each year a fast of thirty days, and Hirentiously recoiiunended the ohservance as a disciplint? which purifies the .sold and suhdues the ixidv, liS a salutary e.\creis(' of ohediencc^ to the will of Ood and his apostle;. Duriiij^ the month of Huniaihiii, from the risin^ij to the set- ting of the .sun, the Mussulman abstains from ealin;r_ mid drinking, and women, and baths, and perfumes ; from all nourishnuuits that can restore his strenj^th, from all pleasure that can •gratify liis .sen.ses. In the revolutions of the lunar year tlu; Hainadan coincides, by turns, with tlie winter cold and the summer heat ; and the paticMit martyr, without assua^^inir hif thirst with a drop of water, must expect tiie clo.se of a tedious and .sultry day. The interdiction of wine, jM'culiar to some orders of ])rlests or her- mits, is converted by Mahomet alone into a pos- itive and i^eneral law ; and a considerable por- tion of the i^lobe has abjured, at his command, Ihe use of that salutary though danjjerous licjuor. — GimtoN's M.mio.mkt, p. 2H. 507M. SELF first. Ihnoi-H. [Battle with Xerxes.] . When they came to the Isth- mus, and every otHcer (of the Athenians] took a bullet from the 'iltar to inscribe upon it the names of tho.se that had done the best ser- vice, every one put himself in the first place, and Themistocles in the .second. — Plutarcfi's " TnEMlHT0CI,E8." 5079. SELF, Mastery of. Alfred the Great. Scholar and soldier, artist and man of business, poet and saint, his character kept that perfect balance which charms us in no other Englishman save Shakespeare. And all was guided, con- trolled, ennobled by a single aim. " So long as I have lived," said the kmg as life closes about him, " I have striven to live worthily." Little by little men came to know what such a life of worthiness meant. Little by little they came to recognize in .Elfred a ruler of higher sind no- bler stamp than the world had wu'ii. Novor had il seen a king who lived solely for the g(HMi of his people. Never had it seen a ruler who set aside every personal aim to devote himself solely to the welfan; of those whom \w ruled. It was this grand self-mastery that gavt; him his power over the men about him. — Iiiht. ok En<>. Pko- n,i;, ;; «0, 50N0. SELF ABNEGATION In Oratory. /V miiMf/ienen. 'I'hal which j^haracterizes Demosthe- nes more than any other circumstance, and in which li(( has never been imitated, is such an aliMolule oblivion of himself, and so scrupulous and constant a Holicitude to sii|>presH all oslen tation of wit — in a word, such a perpetuid care lo coiitine the attention of the auditor lo Ihe cause, and not to the orator, that he never sutTers any one turn of thought or expression lo escape him which has no other view than merely lo please and shine. This reserve and inodera lion in so lliu; a genius as Demoslhenes, and in matters .so susceptible of grace and elegance, adds |)erfe(;tion to his merit, and renders him siii)erior to all praises. — Koi.i.in'h Hist.. Hook 10. s; 2. 50MII. SELF ABNEGATION, Patriotic. lieyu- liiM. I Attilus Uegulus led the Homan armv against the {'arthaglnians and was captured. | ('arthuge . . . began seriously to wish for peace. Ambas- sadors for that purpose were despatched to Rome ; and Uegulus was sent along with them [to encourage the negotiation-]. They exacted at the .saiiu! tinu; from him an o;ith that he would return to Carthage in case their should neither he peace nor an exchange of i)risoners. To the surprise of all, this great and generous man used his utmost endeavors todi.ssuad' his coun- trymen from agreeing to a j)eace ; a proposition which he represented as proceeding solely from the weakness of the enemy, whom, by continu- ing Ihe war, they would comjx'l to any submis- sion. But still further, he even dissuaded his countrymen from consenling to an (exchange of prisoniTs ; a measun- which he endeavors to con- vince them must be to their disadvantage, from this circumstance, that they had in their hands many of the best oflicers of \hv enemy, wlumi they Would be obliged to exchange against pri- vate men. His arguments prevailed, and the negotiation was broken olT. . . . The Ponti- fex Maximus, on being con.sulled on the validity of the oath he. had sworn to return to Carthage, gave it as his opinion that, il having been ex- torted by the ncces.sity of his situation, he was under no obligation to observe it. But the noble .soul of Uegulus could not admit of such eva- sion. Disregarding the entreaties of his friends, the tears of his wife and children, the urgent re- monstrance of the senate and of the whole Ro- man people, this generous and heroic man re- solved that the terror of consequences, how dreadful soever, should not persuade him to a violation of his honor. "lam not ignorant," said he, ' ' that death and the severest tortures are preparing for me ; but what are these to the stain of an infamous action, the reproach of a guilty mind ? I have sworn to return to Car- thage ; it is therefore my duty to go. Let the gods direct the consequence as to their wisdom shall seem best." To Carthage accordingly he returned, where, as he had foreseen, he siiffered Si;i,l'( (»,M,\IANI)-SKLF I'OSSKSSloN ()():< iKTiit'liinil iL'iiuiiiiniiiiiNcli'iiili 'rYii.KKH IIiht , Mook :<, < ii t). |i mu AOM4. SELF COMMAND a|f4lnit Faar. Wit liiiiii III. tMirdiiy wlicii W'llliiiin III vviin in llic Irniclu's llicfort' llic walls uf Niimiir| llic ilcpiity KoviTiior of tlic Kiiiik ol' Hiii;IhihI pliirrd liimH4'if ui liJN side. " Mr (Jodfrcy, " miiil llic kiiij^, " why do you cxpoMi* yoin'Nrlf '!" Tlic liOiidoruT rcplldl, ' Not l)ciiiK nion' cxposrd limn your Miijcsly, Hhoiild I lit- I'xcumililc if I hIiowimI inoif concern "'" VVillliini, who hud ii Npcciiil o'ljcction to men K"i'>K iN'yond their ( tin inJsHioi', replied. " I iiin in my duty iind there fore liiive II more reiiMormlde claim to preservii tlon " A cannon liall in a fi'W minutes llnish- od the eiireer of the ovcr-/.eiilous iiinuteiir. — Kniomt'h Knu , vol, .■>, cii \'i. p IHl »0M:I. 8ELFC0NTR0L, Bemarkable. huh- Friilrric. It is hut justice to this most respcct- ahle man to reliite an anecdote, told liy Uo>;er Ast'ham, preceptor to Queen Klizahelli, who, when in Oermany, was (lersoinilly accpiainted Willi him. I)uk(f Freileric was taken prisoner liy (Jharles V. in the hatlle of Mulher;;, and upon a representiition of some of his councillors that the exemplary punishment of so eminent a man would provi! of ijreat service in checking the [irogrossof the Ueformation, the ein|)er()r, for fretting his own ohli;;atioiis to him, condemned him to be heheuded, on a .scalfold, at Wilteii \wx\r. The warrant for his execution, sij^iu-d by th(! emperor's hand, was .sent to Duke Fn^d- eric the nif^ht liel'ore, and was delivered to him while hv was playiim at chess, with his cousin, the landjL^rave of Litlienheri;. lie read it over Httentiv(;ly, and then folding; it up, " | perceive," said he, " that I fall a victim to my religion, and that inv death is necessary to the emperor's schemes of distinguishing the I'rotcstnnt faith. Hut Ood will maintiiin his own cau.se. dome, sinner," said Ik;, ' take heed to your game ; " and then, with tlu; same composure as if he had received a private letter of little import^ince, he continued to play till he had defeated his antag- onist. It is a satisfaction to learn that the eni- l>eror, impressed, as is .said, by this admirable example of fortitude, gave immediate orders for a recall of the warrant, and ever afterward treated the elecitor of Saxony with the highest respect and esteem. — Tyti.kk s Hiht. , Book (t. eh. 19, p. 'im. 5084. SELF-DENIAL, Conception of. Anwr- ifan Indian. The Indian, detesting restraint, was perpetually imposing on him.self extreme hardships, that by penance and suirering he might atone for his offences, and by acts of self- denial he might win for himself the powerful favor of the invisible world. — Banokokt'b U. 8., vol. 3, ch. 32. 50Sft. SELF DENIAL, UnavaiUng. lio^. Wil- liam Bramwdl. \ lie wius inclined to piety from his childhood, but] an exemplary life could not satisfy the demands of his conscience. He sought relief by austerities, Avhich only exasper- ated his sufferings ; he would bow for hours with his knees bare on sand which he sjiread on the floor, confe.ssing his .sins and repeating his prayers. He spent his holidays meditating in the solitude of the woods ; he fasted and watch- <'d, and took solitary walks throughout the night. After protracted .struggles he received better views of failli, while partaking nt llie Lord h Supper at the church of I'ie«.t(.n - Sri-VKNH' .Mki'iioiuhm. vol 'i, p :tOU 5OM0. SELF DESTRUCTION, Working for. Mukiiifi AniiK. (In a.I> -tilt .\lari<' the Ooth plundered Koine lie was made master general of Kaslern lllyricuin | The use to which Alar ic applied his new command disiinguishcM tho llrm and Judicious character of his policy. Hn issued hisorilers to the four maga/iiies anirmanii- i factures of offensive and defensive arms, .Murgiis, Ulitiaria, Naissus, and Thes.saloiiica, to providi; his troops with an e«' raordinar} supply of shii^lds, helmets, swords, and sp<'ars . the unhap- py provincials were coin|M-lled to forge the in- struments of their own destruction : and the bar- barians removed the oidy defect which hai' sonx - limes disappointed the efforts of their «u)iirage. -Oiiuion'h Uomk, eh. ;{(!, p. IMH. 50M7. SELF OOVEBNMENT, Baaii of. hVam-e. France had tried Kepublicanism, and the exper- iiiK^nt had failed |and Napoleon became dicbi- tor). There was neither intelligence nor virtue among the people siiflhieiit to enable them to govern themselves. During ages of oppression th(!y had sunk into an abyss from whence tluty could not rise, in a day. to the dignity of free- men. Not one in thirty of the population of France could either read or write Religion, with all its reslrainlM, was scouleil as fanaticism. — AmtoTTs Nai'oi.kon H,. vol I, ch, 11} AOMM. SELF GOVERNMENT, Capacity for. MaxHarhiistitH. a.d, 1774. As the supervision of (royal) government disappeared, each man seemed more and more a law unto hitn.self ; and as if to show that the world had been governcsd too much, order prevailed in a province where, in fact, there existed no regular governnuint, no adiniiHstration but committees, no military offl- c(!rs but those chosen by Ihe militia. Vet never were legal magistrates obeyed with more alac- rity. — BA.NfitoKT's r. S., vol 7, ch. Ui, 50M0. SELF GOVERNMENT, Faculty of. Ho- mauH — h'lif/liM/i. Tit the student of political his- tory, and to the English student al)ove all oth- ers, the conversion of the Uoinan re|)ublic into a military empire commands a ixculiar interest. Notwithstanding many differences, the English and the Romans essentially rescinbU; oik; another. The early Romans pos-sessed tin; faculty of self government beyond any iH'ople of whom we have historical knowledge, with the one excep- tion of ours(!lves. — Fuouuk'h ('.«sak, ch. 1. ft090. SELF GOVERNMENT withheld. Vir- ginia Colony. The first written charter of a per- manent American colony, which was to be the chosen abode of liberty, gave to the mercantile corporation nothing but a desert tx^rritory, with the right of j)eopling and defending it, and re- .served to the monarch absolute h gislative au- thority, the control of all apiM)intments, and a hope of ultimate revenue. To themselves it con- ceded n(»t one elcf^tivt^ franchise, not one of the rights of .self-government.— Bancroft's Hist. OK U. S.. ch. 4. 5091. SELF POSSESSION, Brave. Admiral U Fort. One diiy, after a dinner of unusual ex- cess, he [Peter the Great] fell into a dispute with Admiral Le Fort, and was so transported with fury that lie rushed upon bim sword in hand. Mi Si;i,K I'lloTIK TKJN SKNMK. !.<< Kort, with iKlniirnlilr Nilf iiimM'HNion, harrd liiM Immohi to tlif Hirokc, and hIikhI inotiuiili'MM to rc('rlv(; it. TIm' c/.ar, driiiik mm In- wuh, wuk re culiiMi to liiiiiM-lf liy IIiIm iictldii, |>iil up IiIh Nwivnl, mill, UN Mton liM III' wikN II llitlc Niilicrrd, piililicly ii'^.ki'il \,v Fiirl'n |Miriliin for Ills violfiicr. " I uiii iryliiu. " Hiiit lir. " lo 11 rorni my loiiiilry, ami I mil not yi'l iilili' to reform myru'lf " — (Jvci.oi'k- IJI \ Ml lilou , |l CIO aO(»)i. IILF PROTECTION flrit. U'ur. Ore ciaii law;j;lvi'rN I wrre woiil lo| piiiiiMli liiiii who throws away IiIh NJiiclil, not him who Ioscn his swonl or Hpcar ; IIiiim iiiHlnirliii^ im that tint first rari' of rvi'ry man, fNiK'cially of rvcry jcov- iTiior of acity, on'oiiimanilrr of an army, Mhoiild he to defend hliiiHelf, and after that he is to III Ink of annoy iiif^ llieenemy — I'liitmu'iih I'iv l.lll'IIIAH AO0:i. SELF RELIANCE, Ezoellcnoe in. Dnr iln Ijianroitrf. I.oiiIm IMiiliptii' and lirolhers vIn iled . . . Mount Vernon. The amialtle Due dc Maneourt hore lii.s reverHesof I'orlwiK^ with jfreal mannanimily. lie used to .say: "In the days of my powir ai.d iillluenee, under the aneienl reilinw of France, I kept (Ifty servants, and yet my coal was never so well brushed as it i,s now." — (IliMTis' Wasiiinoto.n, vol. I, eh. 22. AOft'l. SELF RELIANCE, Suooeii by. (hiurnl Urant. \\U' proposed to pa.ss his ^un-lioatM nasi the formidaiile Imtleries of V'iekslmrji;. | When the idea heeaine known to those in IiIh in- tiiiiiicy, to his stall', and to his eorjis command eiH, it He«'med to lliein full of diinK<^r. To move hisaimy below Vickshur^ was l()se|mrate it from the North, and from all its supplies ... If fail iirt' ciinii! it was sure to lu^ overwhelmin/^. . . . Sherman, MclMierson, liopin, Wilson— all op posed his plan. | Ills persistence occasioned the lull of Vick.sl)urK. I -liiOADi.Kv'H Oiiant, p. 101. A09A. SELF SACRIFICE, Mapanimity of. Al eTtdiikr. |Wliv'n the army ot Alexander flu? Great was marching tigiiinst DariiLs, in cro.ssing the desert.s| they often suffered more for want of walertlian by fatigue ; many of the his old irieiid Holfe foi' niarrviiig an Indian girl. He wrote a letter to the Queen of Kng land, recommending the " Virginia I'rineesH" to her Slajesty, in which henseil the following lan- guage : "After some six weeks' fatting among I those Miivage courtiers, at the minute of my exe culioii, she ha/.arded the beating out of her own bruins to save mine; and not only that, but ho prevailed with her father that I was safely coii- diicled lo .lamestown " The trick succeeX )ii\\\ liidiun I'll of Kri^ "rillCI'MM" to liiwin^ Ihii- iii^ iiinoiig oC my cxc of licr own llllt, llllt HO Miifcly con- H'cccdcd to lion of the I'll rcci'lvcil till! IliHllOjl viiiK .liiincH HI, wlu'llior olfmici! ill use I After lontiiN, Hi(;k ii>r, hikI vol )unl>KI>lA Mngpilarity. vroiij; tlicn, ) iiiuku |H'o )ii do it liy » wronj^ in re a gcncrttl 1 every wise 1 docH cure ;>le stJire by tliem Btare nsidor how ingalMurd. room wilh- gcntleman mission of ns extreme wig, but u e night-cftp intiigo WHS '8 run after an of Arc. icret of her Msious, but iiHiaiun the cstion, and (vhich poli- 8c she cut. rles VII. to 9 his Icgiti- If, and she Im straight ig over the he cotona- 1. ilrud— (Jlllllo.SH h'/iiilir SfhiHil, wiiN fonndrd AI\ till I'pitlii'l uf /hx-itm, . . llllll iM'Iriiyi'd llie liiiitiiin uliile lliey iiKsiTti'il llir divliir niiliiri' of CliriHl. . . . They viiinly pri'ti'iiiliil tlmt lli*' iinpi'tri'i'lloiiN of iniiller are iiiroiiipalilili' with llie purity of ii re li'MtJiil Mulwliilire While tlie blood of riiriiHt yel xiiioUed on Mount ('ulviiry, the DoeeieM Invented llie linpioiiH and eMnivaguiit liypotheHU that, itixli'iid of IksuIiik from the womb of the VirKlii, I le had ileHeemled oil the hunks of the .Ionian in llie foi'iii of perfeet manhood ; that he had im |iusi'il on the NenseH of IIIm enemies and of His disi iples, and that (he ininiMlers of I'ilale had wasted their im|H)tenl ra^^- on an airy |)hanli)m. will) utiiniil to expire on the eross, iind after lliree days to rise from the liitlu:y. It would not do for Southcy to burn awuy to-day iu some white liaiiic of excitement the nerve which he needed for u.se tomorrow, lie could not afford to pass a sleejjle.ss niglit. If lii.s face glowed or his brain throbbed, it was a warning that he liad gone far enougli. His tibility to nervous exciicnient the more reiiuisite. ..." ''he truth is," writes Southcy, " tlijit though noiiic Ihtmoiii. wIiom' knowli'il|;e of me is Miircely skill dei'p, >>ieg(il the city of Melhoiie.) •Vsier of .\mphipolis iiad otTcied IiIk service to I'hilip as so excellent a marksman that he could bring dow n birds in their iiiomI rajiid tllKhl The monarch made this answer : " Well. I will take you Into my service when I make war upon starlings ;" which answer stung the cross how- man to the ipiick A repartee piovcs often of fatal consequence lo him who makes ii . and it is no small merit to know when to hold one's tongue. Aster having thrown himsell into the city, he let lly an arrow, on which was written, " 'I'll I'hilip's right eye," and gave liim a most cruel proof that he was a good maiksman , for It hit him in his right eye I'hilip >eiil him hack to; same iiirow with this inscription, " If I'hilip takes the city, he will hang up .\ster ," and accordingly he was as good as his word. A skilful surgeon drew the arrow out of I'hilipH eye with so much art and dexterity tliat not the least scar remained ; and thouuh he could not save his eye, he yet took away the blemish. Miit nevertheless this monarch was so weak as to he angry whenever any person ha|)peiii'd lo let slip the word Cyclops, or even the word eye, in his presence. — Uoi. I, INH Hisr., Mook 14, i 11. 510.1. SENSUALITY, Imperial. ('omm,Hlii». The Kmpcror Commodus valued nothing in hov- creiLrn power except the unbounded license of indulging liissensiial appetites. His hours were spent in a seraglio of three hundred beautiful women, and as many boys, of every rank and of every province; and wherever the artjs of se- duction proved inelTcctual, the brutal lover had recourse to violence. The ancient historians have expatiated on these abandoned scenes of prostitution, which scorned every restraint of nature or modesty ; but it would not be easy to translate their too faithful descriptions into th«« decencv of modeiii lanirua!;!'.— (imuoN's lio.viK, ch. 4, p. 111. 5100. SENSUALITY, Religious. l',i;/anii. The temple and the village (of l),'iphnc| were deeply bosomed in a thick grove of laurels luid cyiire.s.ses, which reached as far as a <'ircumlVr- enc(? of ten miles, and formed in the most sultry summers a cool and impenetrable shade. A thou.sand streams of the purest water, issuing from every hill, preserved the verdure of the earth and tlie teni])erature of theair ; the .senses were gratitied with harmonious sounds and aro malic odors ; and the peaceful grove was coiise crated to health and joy, to luxury and love. The vigorous youth pursued, like Apollo, tin- object of his desires ; and the blushing maid was warned, by lUv fate of Daphne, to slum the folly of unseasonable {;oyness. The soldier and llie'philosoplier wisely avoided the temptutiou roc SENTI.MKNT— SKI{FA(Ji;. (if this M'liMml |>iini(liH", where pleiiMwrc, ussum- 111^ tlie clmnieier of rclisrion. iiiiperceplilily (iJHHolved tlie tinniics.s ol' iiianly virtue. Hut the >;r()ves of Daphne continued lor nmny ajjjes to enjoy tlio veneration oi natives and Htruni^ers ; the privile!,'e.s of liii' holy i^round were enlar^red liy the inuniliccnce of Hucceedin;; emperors ; and (tviTy ;j;('neMilion added new ornaments to the splendor of tlii' temple. — (JiHiioNs U(..viK, the alderman, he was the ai>i)ot's nominee and v\ ceived the horn, the .symbol of his oUiee, at the abl'')t's hands. liikeail th most worthy agent for the West ; he had a profound genius for serviliti(!S, mean- nesses, and rascalities of every kind ; he was a man who could lick tlu^blackingoff agreal man's i boots iind swear that it was better than port ! wine ; it was he who otfcred the iT) to the I Frenchmen for their i'HO. We .see in him the ! cur constantly snapi)ing ound ,'d)out the heels , of P]li()t, and alwaj's wi'.liihe same sinuous .sanc- ! tily — his fragrant name is an ointment poured forth with a large flavoring of asafo'tida ; a truculent rascal, a genuine barnacle, a great , high-priest of the C'lrcumlocution OHlce, em- i bodying in him.sclf a premature aptitude of chicane and red tape, which might make him a study even in these modern days. The ra.scal does not seem to have got the worst of it. — Hood's Ckomwkll, eh. 4, p. 64. 5124. SEVERITY, Parental. Roman. [War with the Samnites.] The battle began ; and Titus Manlius, the son of the consul Tonpiatus, being challenged by a Latin captain, accepte, ch. 7, p. '.\'\'-\. J r.o8 SIIAMK— SKJNATUKK. Ht*Ili, SHAME, Coniumraate. Qifcn of SjMiiii. A.i). IHOH. [Princcj Fcrdiiiiiiul | who dl'mandcd tlie alulication of his iinbocilc father and disHo- hit(! mother, Charles IV. and Louisa Maria] was endeavoring to blazon abroad his mother's shame, and to bring Godroy [one of the king's body- guard] to trial as his mother's paramour. Napo- leon thus delicately suggested to him that, in diahonoring his mother, he di hut invalidate (he legitimacy of his own birti . . . The still more wretched mother retaliated, as jierhaps no mother (;ver retaliated before. She told her son to his face that he was of ignoble birth — that her husband wa^not his father.— Ahbott's Na- poleon B., vol. 2, ch. 1. 5130. SHAHJ3, Military. American Rerolution . [Major General Stupen wrote of the disorder and confusion in Washington's army at Vallej' Forge as he found it.] I have .seen a regiment consisting of thirty men, and a company of one corporal. [The men were only engaged for three, or six, or nine months, so that it was impossible to have a regiment or company complete.] — KNrouT's Eno., vol. (5, ch. 24, p. 383. 5iar. SHOUTxNG vs. Silence. Trojana—GrerM. It appears from Homer's accounts that the Greeks, in rushing on to engagement, preserved a deep silence, while the Trojans, like most other birbiuous nations, uttered hideous shouts at the moment of attack. — Tytlku's Hist., Book 1, ch. 8, p. 78. ri2§. SICKNESS cured by Gifts, The. Fif- teenth Centuri). Tlie('hur(;h held its empire over the will of the population, high and low, through the universal belief in the etHcacy of its crenio- nial ob.servances for procuring health and weal and the safety of souls. A luisband is .sick in London, and his anxious wife writes, "My mother behested [vowed] anotlier image of wax of the weight of you, to our Lady of Walsing- ham ; and she sent four nobles to the four or- ders of Friars at Norwich to pray for you ; and I have behested to go on a pilgrimage to Wal- sin^ham and St. Leonards." [a.d. i4.'5()-148().] — IvNKiirr's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 12"). 5129. SICKNESS, Friend in. Samuel Johnson. Mi.ss Williams told me he asked her to sit down by him, which she did ; and upon her in(|uiring how he was, he answered, " I am very ill in- deed, madam. I am very ill when you are near me ; what should 1 1)e were you at a distance ?" — BOSWKI.LS .loilNSOX, p. .519. 5130. SICKNESS, Information in. Amt<>tl< . Once, when he was si(;k, he .said to the doctor, " Do not treat me as you would a driver of o.xen or a digger, but tell me the cause, and you will find me obedient." — Cyclopedia ok Bioo.. p. 558. 3131. SICKNESS, Saintly. R-v. John W. Fletcher. A friend went to visit the heavenly- minded Pletcl'.er in his illness. He remarked : " I went to see a man withoiu^ foot in the grave, but found him with one foot in heaven."— Ste- vens' Methodi8.\i, vol. 2, p. 50. 5132. SIGN of Destiny. Mahomet. [The monk Djerdjis, at an interview] perceived a sign below the neck, between the shoulders of Mahomet, a sign regarded by the Arabs as the omen of a great destiny. — Lamahtink'sTukkev, p. .58. 5133. SIGNAL for Action. Aleranrifr. In drawing uj) his army and giving orders, as well as (exercising and reviewing it, hespanid Buceph- alus on account of his age. and rode another horse ; but he constantly chargiKl upon him ; and he had no sooner mounted him than the signal was always given. — Pi.utakcii's Alexandek. 5134. SIGNAL mistaken. Gildo the Rebel. Oildo was prepared to resist the invasion with all the forces of Africa. . . . He proudly reviewed an army of 70,000 men, and boasted, with the rash presumption which is the forerunner of dis- grace, that his numerous cavalry would tram- ple under their horses' feet the troops of Maaci'zel, and involve, in a cloud of burning sand, the natives of the cold regions of Caul and Germany. But the Moor, who commanded the legions ot Honorius [the Roman Emperor], . . . fixed his camp of 5000 veterans in the face of a 8up\" In the eighth year of his age Theodoric was reluctantly yielded by his father to the pub- lic interest, as' the pledge of an alliance vvhicli Leo, Emperor of the East, h 1 consented to pur- chase by an annual subsidy of three hundred pounds of gold. The royal hostage was educated at Constantinople with care and tenderness. His body was formed to all the exercises of war, his mind was expanded by the habits of lib(!nil cim- versation ; he frequented the schools of the most skilful masters ; but he disdained or neglecteKNTs' Pk.wci;, ch. 7. § 14. 5152. SIMONY, Papal. Pojm; VitiiUiis. [The pope Sylverius was tried on the charge of trea- son.] Accused by credible witnesses and flu; evidence of his own subscription, the successor of St. Peter was dt-spoiled of his pontifical orna- ments, clad in the mean habit of a monk, and embarked, without deliiy, for a distant e.xile in the East. At the emperor's command, the clergy of Rome proceeded to the choice of a new bishop ; and after a solemn invocation of the Holy Ghost, elected the deacon Vigilius, who had purchased the papal throne by a bribe of two imndred pounds of gold. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 41, p. 169. 5153. SIMPLICITY difficult. Samuel John- tan. Goldsmith said that lie tliouirht he could write a good fable, mentioned the simplicity which that kind of composition requinia, anil observed, that in most fables the animals intro- (luciid seldom talk in character. " For instance," •said he, "the fable of the little fishes, who saw birds fly over their heads, and envying them, petitioned Jupiter to Iw changed into birds. The skill," contimied he, " consists in making them talk like little ti.shes." While In; indulged him- self in this fanciful revery, he obs«!rved Johnson shaking his sides and laughing. Upon which he smartly proceeded, " Why, I)r. Johnson, this is not .so easy as you seem to think ; for if you were to make little fishes talk, they woiild talk lik(! whales." — Boswkli.'s Johnson, p. 310. 5151. SIMPLICITY preserved. Joan of Air. [.Sli(^ had predicted the (coronation of Charles V'll. at Rheims.] With his coronation the maid felt her errand to be over. " O gentle king, the pleasure of God is done," she (Tied, as she tlung lierself at the feet of Charles and asked leave to go home. " Would it were his good will," she; pleaded with th(! archbishoj), as he forced her to loni'iin, " that I might go and keep sheep once mow with my sisters and my brothers ; they wotild i)e no glad to see me aj^ain I" But the policy of the French court detained her. — Hist. OK Eno. Pkoi'le, t^ 432. 5155. SIMPLICITY, Koyal. Julian. [The iul(T of Gaul.] The simple wants of nature regulated the measure of his food and .sleep. Rejecting with disdain the delicacies provided for his table, he satisfied his appetite with the coarse and common fai(^ which was allotted to tlu; meanest .soldiers. During the rigor of a ({allic winter, lie never suffered a tire in his bed- clwiniher ; and after a short and interru|)led slum- ber, lie frciiuently ro.se in the midille of the niglit from a carpet spread on the floor, to des- patch any urgent business, to visits his rounds, or to steal a few moments for the jirosecution of his favorite studies. — Gibbo.n's Romh. ch. 19, p. 2Xi. 5156. SIN, Indulgence in. For ^fo)l<'l/. With more boldness than ever, the new Po[)e Leo had .sent, in 151G, agents through the world to sell in- dulgences, and the man chosen for Sa.xony, Tetzel Hm Dominican, and his band, were among the most zealous preachers of this iniqui- ty. " I would not exchange," said he, in one of his harangues, •' mj- privilege" (as vender of the papal IctttTs of absolution) " against those which St. Peter has in heaven ; for I have saved more souls by m}' indulgences than the apostle by his sermons. Whatever crime one nuiy have com- mitted" — naming an outrage upon the person of the Virgin Mary — " let liim pay well, and he will receive pardon. Likewi.se the sins which you may be disposed to commit in future may be atoned for beforehand." — Bunsen's Lutiieu, p. 9. 5157. SIN overlooked. Samuel Johmon. I stated to him an anxious thought, by which a sincere Christian might be disturbed, even when conscious of having lived a good life, so far as is consistent with human infirmity ; he might fear that he should afterward fall away, ;^nd be guilty of such crimes as would render all his former religion vain. Could there be, upon this awful .subject, such a thing as balancing of ac- counts ? Sup])ose a man who has led a good life SIN— SINS »;i siinplinty Hiirra, luiJl Mills iiitro- instaucc," who 8)IW 'ing tlicni, )irds. Tlic king tlictn ilgcd hini- (i Joliiison )on wliioli linson, this for if yon tvoiild talk p. 210. in of Arr. )f Charles a the maid [! king, th(! she tlung d leave to will," she (•e- le of the or, to dcs- is rounds, lecMilion of K, oh. 19, I !<■>/. With e Leo had I to sell in- • Saxon}', nd, were his iniqui- , ill one of 3(T of the use which ived more itle by his lavo coni- person of nd he will diieh you 3 may be LUTUEU, h/inon. I which a ven when so far as he might f, and be sr all his upwn this ng of ac- good life for .seven years commits an act of wickedn("is and instantly dies ; will his form(>r good lite have any etTect in his favor ?" Johnson : " Sir, if a nnm hius hul a good life for seven years, and then is hurried by pii.ssion to do what is wrong, and is suddcmly carried olT, deiM-nd upon it lie will have the rewanl of his seven years' good life : (lod will not take a catch of him. Upon this principle itichard Ha.xler believes that a suici(l(! may be savcid. ' If,' says he, ' it should be objected that what 1 maintain may (Jiicour- age suicide, I answer. I am not to tell a lie to preventit."' — lioswKM.'s Johnson, p. 41)1). 5158. SIN, Bemedy for. Amei-inin. JiuUdiix. That man should take up the cross, that sin should be atoiuMl for, are ideas that dwell in hu- man nature ; they were .so dilTused among the savages, that Litclercc] believed some of the apostles mu.st have reacluid the American conti- nent. — Bancuokt's U. 8., vol. ;{, ch. 2ii. 5150. SIN, Unpardonable. Willuint ('nwiier. (!owper tells us that "to this moment he had felt no concern of a spiritual kind ;" that " ig- norant of original sin, insensible of the guilt of actual transgression, he understood neither the law nor tlu; gospel — the condemning nature of the OIK!, nor llie restoring mercies of the other. " But after attemi)tiiig suicide Ik; wasseiz(!d, as he well might be, with religious horrors. Now it was that he began toa.sk himself whether be had been guilty of the unpardonal)l(i sin, and was presently persuaded that he had, though it would be vain to iiKpiire what he iniagin<(l the uiipardonabl(! sin to be. — Smitu's CowrKit, ch. 1. 5 1 GO. SINCERITY, Attractions of. Ittinn of WiUiain. and AiHit'. [All (-'atholic priests in parish(!S wen; [jrisoners at large, all otliei's were iianished by law. J The Catholic j)riest adjuring Ids religion, received a pension of thirty and afterward of forty i)ounds. And in spite ot tbi'se laws, there were, it is said, four thousand (Cath- olic clergymen in Ireland ; and the Catholic; worship gained upon th<' Protestant, .soatlraclivi? is sincerity when ennobled by persecution. — B.vnckoft's U. S., vol. r>, cli. 4. 5161. SINCERITY, Power in. ./iiUiim Gamar. He never misled his army as to an enemy's strength ; or if he misstated their numbers, it was only to exaggerate. In Africa, before Thapsiis, when his otlicers were nervous at the reporlc'd approach of Juba, he called them together, and .said briefly: " You will understand that with- in a day King Juba will be here, with the le- gions, 30,000 horse?, 100,000 skirmishers, and ;i()() elephants. You are not to think or ask (|uesti()iis. I tell you the truth, and you must prepare for it. If any of you are alarmed, 1 shall send you home." [Ills army never lost a battle while he W!is with them in person.] — F^uoudk's C/Ksau, ch. 28. 5162. SINGULARITY, Motive for. JJiof/ciws. As the character of this extraordinary person was differently judged of in his own time, some accounting him the wi-sest of men and othciis little better than a madman, it is no wonder that his estimation with the moderns should be equally various. It is not to be doubted that the love of singularity was a jrowerful motive of his conduct and opinions. He oi>])osed the<'om- mon-seii.se of mankind, and alTected a contempt ! even of reptitation, as he found that conduct a new iiKxle of ac(|iiiriiig it. — Tyti. Kit's Hist., Book 2. ch. I), p. 2(H). 5I6:|. SINNERS, Cruiade of. Fir.^t Vrnmiie. The French possessed more oj the spirit of ad- \(-nturi! than tin; Italians, 'riie design was no sooner propo.sed in a council held at Clermont, in Auvergne, than they took up arms with the most enthusiastic emulation. Tlie priiici|ial nobles immediately .sold their lands to raise money for the expedition, and the Church bought them at an easy rate;, and thus ac(|uire(l iininiiii.se ter- ritorial po.ssessions ; even the j)oorest barons set out upon their own charges, and the vassals at- tended the standard of their lords. Mesides the.s<', whom we nniy supi)os(? to have be<'n intluence(l by the piety of the dc^sign, an inir.iincrable nuil- titude, a motley as.semblag(! of beggars, slaves, malefactors, strumpets, debavicliees, and profli- gates of all kinds joined th(( throng, and hoped to tind in iliose scenes of holy carnage :ind desola- tion nujans of making their fortune by plun- der.— Tyti.ku's Hist., Book «, eii !), p. 154. [Notf:.] — Man}' even of these mis< niuits had their own motives of piety. Mr. (Jibbon'.'^. ob- I servationhas both truth and wit in it. • A« the voice of their pa.stor, the robber, the iiu endiary, the homicide, arose by thousands to redeem their souls, by repciating on the intidels the .same deeds whi(;h thc^y had exercised against their Chiistian brethren." — (JiiutoN, ch. (W 5164. SINS, Deliverance from. />'// hulnl- liciirex. This warning against ilie ()reacher3 of indulgences was justitied by good reasons. For in \\\v. neighborhood of Wittenberg, at the town of Jiiterbock, Tet/el, a Dominican monk, carried on his trafhc. There were livi'ly times at that place, as at an annual fair and market. The people danced and caroused, rejoicing that they wen? rid of their sins. And large mul- titudes flocked from Wittenberg lo patronize Tet/.el. — liKiNs LiTiiKK, ch. 1, (). !». 5165. SINS of Others. Join, /}i,,ii/,ni. Of himself he says: "Though I could sin with delight and ease, and take pleasure in iln' vil- lainies of my companions, even then, if I saw wicked things done by them that profes.sed goodness, it would make? my s])irit tremble. Once, when I was in the height of my vanity, hearing ont; swear that was reckoned a relig- ious man, it made my heirt to ache " — Froudio's BrwA.N. ch. 1. 5166. SINS, Tormenting, ./o/ni Buiinan. " My sins," he says, " did ,so offend the Lord that even in my childhood He did scare and af- fright me with fearful dreams, and did terrify me with dreadful visions. I have been in my bed greatly afflicted, while asleep, with appre- hensions of tievils and wicked spirit.s, who still, as I. then thought, labored to draw me away with them, of which 1 could never bt; rid. I wasafliicted with thoughts of the Day of Judg- ment inght and day, trembling at the thoughts of the fearful torments of hell fire. " When, at ten years old, lie was running al)out with his companions in " his sports and childish vani- ties," these terrors continually recurred to him, yet " he would not let go his sins. " — FuoroK's Bi'NVAN, ell. !. K 61-2 SISTKU— SLAXDKK. ftlttT. SISTER, A romforting. To Frederick thf Ureal. Amid (liHiiMlnms (Icl'cut in Imttie and iiicreaKiiii^ 1111(1 (^lUtrinincd foes, iii.s iii()tii(;r, " whom lie {(ivcmI most tciidfirly. " died. A few fri(!iid.s rcmiiiiicd fiiiliiful to him, ciiefriii;; liim by tlu;ir oorrfi.spondeiuie. "Oh, tiiiit IIciivoii on nil' iih)n(' !" " I would hiivo Bancuokt's U. Hiiid liis iif- h()rn(! tii(!m S., vol. 4, liud heaped all ills fectiontiti! sister ; ' with lirmness. ch. 12. 51ttM. SKILL misapplied. I'erpetind .\foti<>ii. iiichiird Arkwri^lil . . . hud ho little knowledjte of mcchanienl prineiples, thnt he took it into his head to invent ii perpeliml motion. So infiitu- atod was he, that he spent most of his tini(\ and soon all his money, in making expciimenls. Peace lied from his house, and plenty from his lM)ard. His wife very nulunilly re.scmled this infringmnent of her rights, and, on one unhiip py day, ovtireome with sudden linger, slu? broke to pieces his wheels and levers, and all the ap- paratus of his perpetual motion. Violenct! never answers a good purpo.so Ixitween people who live together in a relation so intimate — ncillKjr violence of word nor deed. Uiehard Arkwright could not forgive this cruel stroke; ; he separat- ed himself from his vife, and never lived with her again. — Cycloi-kijia of Hkki., p. 7(tH. A 169. SKILL, Proof of. Afaicr IlothnchilJ. The Landgrave's friend, General Estorlf, had noticed the accura(;y and good sense; of Maier Uothschild many years before, when the bank- er was a banker's clerk in Hanover. He recom- mended him for the po.st, and he wa.s summon- ed to the Landgrave's residence. When he arrived, it chanced that the mighty monarch was Sitting Uidly Injaten in a ganu; of chess, by eneral Estorf?. " Do you understand chess?" asked the Landgrave. " Yes, your Highness," .said the banker. " Then step up here and look at my game." Roth.schild obeyed, and suggest- ed the moves by which the game was easily won. It was enough. From that time to the end of his life he managed the finances of the Landgrave of Hesse. — Cyclopedia ofBioo., p. 567. 5170. SLANDEB, Defence from. Napoleon I. When I have been asked to cau.se answers to be written to them [.see No. 24] I have uniformly replied, " My victories and my works of public improvement are the only response which it becomes me to make. " — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 9. 5171. SLANOEB from Envy. John Bunyan. Envy at his rapidly -acquired reputation brought him ba.ser enemies. He was called a witch, a Je.suit, a highwayman. It was reported that he hftd " his misses," tliat he had two \vive'<, etc. " My foes have mis.sed their mark in tl'is, " he .said, with honest warmth ; " 1 am not the man. If all the fornicators and adulterer." in England were hanged by the neck, John Bunyan, the object of their envy, would be still alive and well." — Froude's Bunyan, ch. 5. 5172. SLANDEB, Fine for. |500,000. The late sheriff [of Loudon], Pinkington, having said, upon the duke's [of York, afterward James II.] return, " he had tired the city and was now come to cut their throats," he causeil him to be indicted, and the court assigned his Hoyal HighneHS £100, 000 for damages.— Knuiiit's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 28, p. IHO. 51 7:1. SLANOEB, Oppoiition by. John Wet- ley. When the count ry was in general commo- tion, octcusioned by threatened invasions from France! and Hpaiii, and by the movements of the Scotch Pretender. . . . all sorts of calum- nies against Wesley flew over the land. He had been seen with the Pretender in France ; had beiMi taken up for high treason, and wius at last safe in i)rison awaiting his doom. He was a J(;suit, and kept Boman |)riests in his house at London, llcwasan agent of Spain, whence In; received large remittances, in order to raise a body of twenty thousand men to aid the expect- ed Spanish invasion. He was an Anabaptist ; a Quaker ; had been prosecuted for unlawfully selling gin : had liang<;d himself ; and, at any rate, w.-is not the; genuine John Wesley, for it was w(!ll known that the latter was dead and Imried. — Stevens' Methodism, vol. 1, p. 199. 517-1. SLANDEB of Piety. Conxtantine. [After he becanit! a Christian.] The historian Zosimus maliciously a.s.serts that the cnijieror had im- brued his iiands in the blood of his eldest son before he publicly rtjnounced the g(Mls of Rome and of his ancestors. — Gibbon's Rome. ch. 20, p. 249. 5175. ;-. Riehard Baxter's. [Reign of James II.] In a Commentary on the New Testament, he had complained, with some bit- terness, of the jHTsecution which the Dissent- ers .sutTered. That men who, for not using the Prayer Book, had been driven from their liomes, stripped of their property, and locked up in dun- geons, should dare to utter a murmur, was then thought a high crime against the State and the Church. . . . An information was filed. Baxter begged that he might be allowed some time to prepare for hi^ defence. It was on the day on which Gates wius pilloried in Palace Yard that the illustrious chief of the Puritans, oppressed by age and infirmities, came to Westminster Hall to make this request. Jeffreys burst into a storm of rage. " Not a minute," he cried, " to save his life. I can deal with .saints as well as with siimers. There stands Gates on one side of the pillory ; and if Baxter stood on the other, the two greatest rogues in the kirigdom would stand together." — Macaulay'r Eno., ch. 4, p. 456. 5176. SLANDEB punished. By James I. On the 3d of August, 1596, John Dickson, an Eng- lishman, was indicted for uttering calumni- r>u8 and slanderous speeches against the king. The amount of his offence was that, being drunk, he had allowed a boat he was managing to come in the way of one of the king's ordnance ve.s.sels, when, being called upon by Archibald Gairdenar, one of his Majesty's cannoners, to give i)lace to his Majesty's ordnance, " he fyrst an.s.serit, that he would noclit vyre his boit for king or kasard ; and Ihairefter, niai.st proudlie, arrogantlie, shlanderouslie, and calumniouslie callit his Majestic ane bastard king : and that he was nocht worthieto beobeyit." The jury found him guilty, but qualified their verdict by admit- ting his drunkenness ; but their qualification did not avail ; the poor fellow was hanged. — Hood's Cko-mwell, ch. 2, p. 35. mm SI.ANDKU-SI.AVKUY. 013 rlamages.— no. , John Wm- icrnl commo- /iisions from !niL'nt8 of the H of oaluni- land. He r iu France ; , and wius at )m. lie was 1 his lioiiso at II, wlicncc! lio 01- to raise a \\ the (!X|)ect- nabaptist ; a • tmlawfully and, at anv 'esley, for it as dead and )1. 1, p. 199. ntine. [After 'ian Zosimus ror had im- a eldest son )ds of Rome i».MK, eh. 20, ;'•'«. [Reign m the New h some bit- the Dissent- ot using the their homes, dupin dun- ir, was then ate and the iled. Baxter )me time to I the day on e Yard that i, oppressed Westminster burst into a ^ cried, " to ts as well as on one side m the other, lorn would r up. The laws of iiropcrly hud l«'cn H<) urniiif^i'd thai <'HtHl I'M (•onid descend only Id tli(' oldest HOUH of fundlies. The eolonislH were poor, and chiirged their i)overly to tlie fact thai Hhive labor was forliiddt^n in tin; province. Thi.s l)e(anie tlie eliief (pie.stion wlucli a^'itated tlie peoph'. Tlie proprietary law.s j^rew more and more unpopular. I'lie statute exciudinj,' slavery was not rigidly enforced, and, indeed, could not he enforced when the people hiid determined to evade it. Whitetleld hims<'lf pleaded for the aliropition of the law. Slaves he^raii to \h' hired first for .short terms of .service, then for longer periods, then for a hinidn'd years, which was eipuvalent to an actual purchase for life. Finally, earjiocs of slaves were hrou,i;ht directly from Africa, and the primitive free-l«l)or s^'stem of Oeorfifia was revolutionized. — KiDrAiii's U. H. ♦•h. 2tf, J). 244. 5lf*5. SLAVERY of Captives. IlomniiH. The captive Harl)arians,e.\chani,dn,!forious instruments of agriculture. To confirm the general obser- vation, and to display the multitude of slaves, we might allege a variety of jjarticular insbinces. It was di.movered, on a very melancholy occa- sion, that four hundred slaves were maintained in a single palace of Home. The same number of four hundred belonged to an estate which an African widow, of a very private condition, re- signcid toiler .son, whiUishe reserved for lierself a much larger share of her property. A freed- man, under the reign of Augu.stus, though his fortune had suffered gn^at losses in the civil wars, left behind him three thousiind six hundre«l yoke of oxen, two hundred and fifty thousand head of smaller cattle, and what was almost included in the description of cattle, four thousand one hun- dred and sixteen shiv«;s. — Gibbon's Homk, ch. 2, p. .'52. 5193. SLAVERY of Prisoners. Reign oj JaiiiAis II. The number of prisoners [wlio had been rebels under the Duke of Monmouth] whom Jeffreys transported was eight hundred and fortj'-one. These men, more wretched than tlieir a-ssociates who suffered death, were distributed into gangs, and l)eslowed "n persons who enjoy- ed favor at court. The conditions of the gift were that the convicts should be carried beyond sea as slaves, that they should not be emancipat- ed for ten years, and that the place of their banishment should be some West Indian island. This last article was studiously framed for the jiurpose of aggravating the misery of the exiles. nik HI.AVKUY— SLAVES. 015 TMiU'HHlHT.. (F>iirin^' llio , tlid UoiiiuiihJ xitTiitlon, and rk(!(l and ev«n Krciit punish- tted »i f (111 It to li which th«'v mid carry ft IM'II'h (^AIl'H /'"■ Tlic con- lit i.s such II si inipoKsibIc iilil inherit ii ^nind si^ior •I'l^'iio. Till! tind through lylimtderivc Itifl thorc- iild inherit ii an ahHoltite 'IIl':1 "Thus e, horn to be kk'h Hist. , hViends. To 1 belongs tlio prevent tho gainst which — Knioht's '. In Rome. merchant or ire his work- re employed instruments [;neral obscr- le of slaves, ar insUmccs. icholy occa- ! maintained lime number ite which an )ndition, re- I for lierself ty. A freed- , though his e civil wars, indred yoke Kind head of included in nd one hun- t's ROMK, Reign oj s [who had )uth] whom iidred and 1 than their distributed who enjoy- of the gift ied beyond emancipat- ;e of their lian island, led for tho the exiles. 111 New Kiifrluiid or New .Icrscy they would liave found a popiilatioti kindly disposed to Ihcni, Hilda climatitnol iiiiluvoralih; lo their health anil \i^(ir. It was therefore (lileriiiined lliiil they should Ik* sent to colonies where a I'liritaii could hope to inspire littli! syiii|iatliy. ... It was estnnaled by .lelTreys that, on an averii;,'e, each of them, after all cliar;j;es were paiil, would be worth from ten lo llfteen pounds. Tliere was, lliercfori', much angry compel ll ion for jrriiiils. . . , More than on»! llflli of lliose who were Mlii|iped were Hung to the sharks before I he end of the voyage. — M.\caui,av's K.no., ('h. ."i, p. 002, tllOI. SL&VEBT, Punished by. Kni/laml. It was a class which sprang iiiiiinly from delil or crime. Famine drove men to " bend llicir Heads in the evil days for ini'al, ;" llic ddilor, uii- alile to discharge liisdeiil, Hung on lln' ground his freeman's sword and spear, took up IIk; la- borer's mattock, and placed his head as a slav(! within a master's bands. The criminal whosi; kinsfolk would not make up his line becaini; a criine-s«'rf of the plainlilf or llie kinir. Somi!- timcs a father pres.sed by need sold clilldren or wife In lK)ndiige. In any case, the slave bccami! part of the live-stock of bis muster's estate, lobe willed away at death with horse or ox, whosi; pedigree was kept ascarefiilly as bis own. His ihildren weri! bondsmcni like liimsclf ; even a freeman's children by a slave mother iiilu;rited the mother's taint. " Mine is the calf that is born of my cow," ran an Knglish iiroverb. Slave cabins clustered round the homestead of every rich landowner ; ploughman, shepherd, goatnerd, swineherd, o.vhenl, anil cowlmrd, dairymaid, barninan, .sower, hay ward, and wood- ward, were often slaves. It, was not, indeed, slavi'ry such as we have known in moilern times, for stripes and bonds were rare ; if the slave was stain it was by an angry blow, not by the lash. Hut his master could slay him if be would ; it was but a chattel the less. The slave bud no place in the justice court, no kinsmen to claim vengeance or guilt-line for his wrong. If a stranger slew him his lord claimed the damages ; if guilty of wrong-doing, " his skin jiaid for him," und(!r his master's lash. If he lied he miglit becha.scd like a .strayed beast, and when caught he might be flogged lo death. If tlu; wrong-doer wen; a woman-sliive she might be burned. — Ilisr. oi'E.No. I'koi'm;, $^ l.'). 519ft. SLAVEBY, Bepulsive. //( England. The Saxon race carried tlie most repulsive forms of slavery to England, where not half the popula- lion could as.sert a right to freedom, anil where liie price of a man was but, four times the price of an ox. . . . In deliance of severe penalties, the Saxons sold their own kindred into slavery on the continent ; nor could the tratlic be check- ed till religion, jileading the cause of humanity, made its appeal to the conscience. — Bancuokt's Hist, of U. S., vol. 1, cli. 5. 5196. SLAVEBY, Unchristian. Jiritkh. How great a part the Catholic ecclesiastics subsequent- ly had in the abolition of villanage we learn from the unexceptionable testimony of Sir Thomas Smith, one of the ablest Protestant councillors of Elizabeth. When the dying slaveholder asked for the last sacraments, his spiritual attendants regularly adjured him, as he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren for whom Christ bad ey come." Ih: mV" died. So successfully bad the ('hurcli used her formidable mairhinery, tlint, befon; the Kefor- niation came, she had enfranchised alinimt all the bondmen in the kingdom except her own, who, to do her iustiee, seem lo liavi! been very tenderly trealetl. — Macaiii.av'h En(1., ch. 1, p. -JU. 5197. SLAVES, Angelic, h'lif/liiih. Hut once masters of the llrltoiis, the Mcrnician Knglishmeii turned locoiupiiM' their Englisli iieighborH to the south, the iiieii of Delia, whose tirst king, AlUa, was now sinking to the grave. The strugglo tilled the foreign markets with English slaves, and one of the most memorable stories in our history sb wsusagroup of such captives as they stood in tilt; market-place of Itome, it may be in tilt! great Koriini of Trajan, wliii h still in its de- cay recalled [he glories of the liiiperial ('ity. Their white bodies, their fair faces, Iheir gold(;n hair, was noted by a deacon who passed by. "From what country do these slaves come Y" (Jregory asked the trader who broui;lil them. The slave-dealer answered. " 'I'bey are English," or, as the word ran in the Latin form, it would bcanit Uoiiie, "they arc Annies." The deacon's pity veiled ilself in poetic humor. " Not Ang'es, liut angels," Ik- .said, " with faces so ungel-liki! I From what counlry come they V" "The' said the merchant, " from Dcira. was the untranslatable word piny of llu; viva- cious Konian ; "ay, plucked from (Jod's iro and called to Christ's mercy I .\nd what is the nam(M)f their king ?" They told him, " yElla," and (Jregory seized on the word as of good omen. "Alleluia shall b(! sung in .Ella's hmd," ho said, and pa.s.scsd on, musing how theangisl-faces should be brought to sing it. — llisr. of Eno. I'KOII.IC, S 40. 5 1 9S. SLAVES of Disbelievers. ]'irf/initi. a.d. KiTd. Statute:. . . " All. servants, not beiii),'( Chris- tians, imported into this counlry by shijjping, shall be slaves." Yet it was added, "conversion to the ('hristian faith doth not make frei; 1" — Hanciioi overrun Itiily to the fool of the AlpH, ilefeutcilcoiiHulMunil prietorN, ciiptiired tin; ettKlt'Hof tin; h-^ioiis, waxled the I'liriiiN of the iio- hle I()T(Im, and for two years held his ^^rouiul apiiiiHtall that l{i)in(M;oiild de. — Khoi'dkh ('*- HAK, eh. y. ASIOI. BLAYES, White. In Virjiinia. The HUpply of wliU»! servaiilN heeaiiie a rej^iilar laisi- iiess, and a claxs of men. iiickiiained H|)irlt.s, used tod(;liide yoiin^ persons, Hervaiits, and idlers iiiliK'iiiliarkiiig for Anierlea, iih toa landof spon taneoiiH plenty. While servant.s eaiiie to he a usual artlol*! of trallle. They wen; sold in Kiij; hind to Ih) transported, and In Virginia wen; re- sold to the hljfiH'st liidder ; like negroes, they were to Ih? purchased on shiphoard, as men buy liorses at a fair. — H\N( hokt's Miht. ok U. S., vol. 1, ch. 5. SilOil. SLAVE TBADE oppoied. CoiUinfiiUil (loui/nmi. A.i), 1774. \Ve will neither support nor purchase any Hlave imported after the 1st day of beceiiibernext ; after wliicli time we will wholly di.scontiniKi IIk; slave-trade, and will neither lie concerned in it ourselves, nor will we hire our vessels nor sell our commodities or manufact- ures to those WHO are concerned in it. — Han- cuokt'h U. S., vol. 7, ch. IH. ASI03. SLAVE TRADE reipected. A'ew York. A.u. KMIl. We have seen Kli/.aheth (»f England a j)artnerin the commerce of which the; Stuarts, to the days of Queen Anne, were distinguished IHitrons ; the city of Amsterdam did not blush to own shares in the slave-shii), to advance money for the outtits, and to participate in the returns. In projjortion to i)()pulation. New York had as many Africans a.s Virginia, . . . They were; im- ported . . . often directly from (}uinea, and were sold at public au(;tion to tlie highest bidder. The average pric<^ was less than ^\A(\. — Hanciiokt's I'. S., vol. 2, ch. l.'i, 5204. SLEEP, Benefit of. IHnixmtion. It was a rule with Cato to have his slaves either em- ployed in tli(! h()us(! ora.sleep, and he liked tliosc best that slept the most kindly^ believing that they were better tempered than others thai had not so much of that refreshment, and titter for any kind of business. — PhtaUch's Cato tiii'. Cknwou. 5205. SLEEP at Command. Xopoleou I. "Dif- ferent affairs arc arranged in my head," said he, " as in drawers. When I wish' to interrupt one train of thought, i do.se the' drawer which con- tains that subject, and oju'ii that which contains another. They do not mi.x togetlier or incon- venience inc. I have; never been kept awake b}' an involuntary prfH)ccupation of mind. If I wi.sh for repose, I shut up all the drawers, and I am asleep. I liave always slept when I wanted rest, and almost at will," —Ahbott'h Napolkon IJ., vol. 1, ch. 5. 5206. SLEEP, Deficient. Josiah Qnincy. This excellent man carried one of his virtues to ex- cess — early rising. lie rose .so early in the; morn- ing that be scarcely had sleep enough ; so that, when he sat down during the day for ten min- utes, lie was very likely to fall asleep, John Quincy .Xdams was also addicted to excessive early rising One day thche two distinguished men w«'nl into .luilge Story's h'cture room to hear him read his lecture to his class in the law school. The judge received the two prchidenlM with his iiHiiul ixtlitencMs, and placed them on the platform by his side, in full view of the clawi, and then went on with his lecture. In a very few minutes both the presidents were fast iwlcep. The judge paused a moment, and poiiUing to the two sleeping gentlemen, uttered these wonls : " (lentlemen, you .see before you a melanchiilv example of the evil efTeets of early rising." Thfs remark was followed by a shout of 'au^diter, which elTcctually roused the sleepers, after whieli the judge resumed his discourse. — Cvci.oI'KDIa OK Mioii., |». 758, 5207. SLEEP, Exceptional. Sir W.ilter Srott. liasil Hail reports Scott's having told him , , . that " haviim once arrived at a cnunliy inn. he was told there was no bed for him, 'Noplaco to lie down at all '!' .said he, ' No ' said the pi'o- pie of the house ; ' none, <'xcei)t a room in which there is a corpse lying,' ' Well.' said he. ' I'id the person die (if any eontagi iu«« disorder 'i' ' ' Oil, no ; not at all,' said they. ' Well, then,' contin- ued he. ' let nil! have the other bed. So, '.said Sir WaltiT, ' 1 laid me down, and never had alR^tler night's sleep in my life." He was. Indeed, a man of iron nerve, — Huttonh liiKK ok Scott, ch, 4, 520W. SLEEP, Perlloue. Colum/iim Firnt I'oi/. ((f/e [(Coasting near St. Thomas. J (!f 'uu^'/iicr, ufl of Orleans [Louis Philippe| oiu- morn- ing of the master of the house. " 1 always sleep well," re|)lied (i' iieral Washington, " for I nev- er wrote (I word in my life which I had after- ward cause to regret." — (,'vci.oi'KiHA ok IJioo., p. .'iOH. 5il I !2. SLEEPERS, The Seven. Liumd. When the pjinperor Decius ])ersecuted the Christians, seven noble youths of lOphcsiis concealed them- selves in a spacious cavern in the side of an ad- jacent mounfain, where tliey were doomed to perish b\ the tyrant, wlin ravc! orders that the entranci! shoiihl be tlnnly st cured with a pile ot huge stones. They iinmediately fell into a deep slumber, which wa'^ miraculously proloii.ged, without injuring iIk |)owei's of life, during a IXiriod of one hundred and ciglity-.seven years. At the end of that time, IIk; slaves of A(lolius, to whom the inheiitaiice of the mountain had des(;ciide(l. removed tiie stones to supply male rials I'dr snine rustic editice ; the light of the sun darted into the cavern, and the Seven Sleepers were iicrmitted to awake. After a slumber, as they thought, of a few hours, they were pressc'd by till- calls of huiiirer, and resolved that Jain- bliclms, one of tiiei minber, should secretly re- turn to the city to inucha.se bread for the use of his companions, 'i'he youth (if we may still em- ploy that apiiellation) could no longer recogni/.e the once familiar aspect of his native country ; and his surprise was increased by the appearance of a large cross, triumiiliantly erectcil over the principal gate of Kphesus. His singular dress and obsolel(' language confounded the baker, to whom he olfered an ancient medal of Decius as the current coin of the empire ; audJumblichus, on the suspicion of a secret treasure. \\ as dragged before the judge. Their mutual iiKpiiries pro- duced the amazing discovi-ry that two centuries were almost elapsed since .Jainblicbus and his friends liad escaped from the rage of a pagan tyrant. The bishop of Ejiliesus, ilie eleruy, the iiiugisi rales, tlu'twople, and. it issidd. tlui Kmppr- or TheodoHius himself, hastened to visit tho cavern of the Seven Sleepers, who iK-stowed their benediction, related their story, and ut the same moment peact ably expired. (tinnoN, ch.K, 1 1. :w;j. •VJi:i. SLEEPERS in the Temple. In«. On the road iH^lween Oclylus and Tlialamia' ... it* the temple of Ilio. It is the eusloni of Ihosi) who consult her to sleep in the temple, and what thev want to know is revealed to I hem in a dream. — I'achanias. Aill'l. SMILE relented, A. '/'iiifnir the Tar titr. In his canij) b<'fore Delhi Tiinour miw.sa- cred ll)(l,0(M) Indian prisoners, who had HmiUil when the army of their countrymen appeared in sight. . . . The people of Is|iahan snpplieil 7(),]'■ Hioo., p. o8({. 5'ilfl. SMUGGLING fined. /:„;//{H). These sums wen; applied to the buildingof Oreenwich Hospital. — Knkiht's Eno., vol "i, ch. 14, J). '212. 5217. SOCIALISM illustrated. Samuel John- Hun. Sir, their is one Mrs. .Macaulay in this town, a great rei)iil>lican. One day when I wasat her hou.se, I put on a very grave countenance, and •said to her, " .Madam, I am now become a con- vert to your wav of liunking. 1 am convinced that all mankiiui are upon an eipial fooling ; and to give you an un([Uestionable proof, madam, that I am in earnest, here is a very seu.sible, civ- il, well-behaved fellow-citizen, your footman ; I desire that he may be allowe(l to sit down and (line with us." 1 thus, sir, showed her the ab- surdity of the l(!velling doctrine. She has never liked me since. Sir, vour levellers wish to level U18 rtOCIAMSM— HOCIKTV. ittneniih fur iu« tliriiiMflvrM , hill llii'Y ('iiiiniit lirar lirvi'lliiiK "/' tollioniM-lvrN 'riicy woiililiill liuvr Hiinui |N'o|i|i> iitiiiiT tlki'iii . wliv not, tlu'ii, liiivc •MIIIH- p4UI|lll> ikiHIVC tllL-m ? IIOHWKI.l.H .lullN M)N. |) 1V.M. Mtn. BOOIALini.Politiml. Cihiit (h;„rliu». yVUv Koniiiii Iriliiiiii. I He liroii^lit forwiird, itiiil nirrinl tliroii>i:li, wjili I'litliiiHiitslic <'lH|i|)iii^ III I'viTV pair of liitiiils it) Kiitiic llitil wi-rc Imni i!iir(l with hihor, \\ |)rii|Mi<4al Ihiil. then' nhoiilil lie |iiihlir ^nitmrii'M in thr city, iiuiintuiiiril ami tllii'd at till' riixt of till' Slati', mid lliat. corn Hiiuiild h« sold at. a rat(> arlitlcialiy cliraii to llic |>ooi' frcr cillzciiM Much a law Wiis iiiiicly Moclalislic. Tim pri viicf^c was coiilliicd to Itonir, Iwcaiisx in Uoino tiiiMOcctioiis were licid, and llic Uoiiian i oiiMlilii cncy wax tlut one depository of power. The ef- fiMl waH to pallier into llie city it inoii of needy, iineinpinye(F voters, llvinj^oii llie cliarity of tho Stale, lo crowd the circus, itiid to clamor at tlie eiections, availaitic no donht iinniediutely lo strenKtlieii the luinds of llie |)(ipular triliune, liut certain in llie loiii^ run lo sell ijieinselves to lliose wild eould iiiil liinlicMt for their voices.— Fkoi'dkh Cksak. ell. ;t, •Vi 10. SOCIETY, Bond of. Kunptianx. I'erjury wasalso )>unished willi death, liecausc lliatcriine ullacl^H iiotli llie ;;odH, whose inajeHiy is train- pled up'>ii liy invoking; their name ton false on* li ; iiiid men, liy lireakin^ theslr(>iij.resl tie of liumiin society — viz., sinceritv and veracilv, — itoi.i.iNs Mist , Hook 1, I'art i, di. 1, A'J'iO. SOCIETY degraded. CinrpirK TimcM. DruiikcnneMHiei^'iied in palace aiideoltaKcuiiki!. (iaiulilin^', cock-ll^htin^, iind bull-ll^'htini; wero the aniuseinenl.s of tlie people. I'olilical life, wliicli, if it had been pure and vif,'orous, )nii;lit have made \\\t for the iihsence of spiritual iiitlu- eiices, was corrui>t from thi! lop of the s( ;de to till! holtom ; its elTect on iiiilional cliarac Icr is portrayed in lloi^^'irth's " Klcclion." That proper- ty had its duties as well as ils rights, iioliody had y»'t ventured to say or think. Tlie duty of a pintleiuan toward hisown class was lo pay his dehUs ot honor and to light a duel wheiic"-. ; ho was challeii;.;ed hy one of hisown order ; t ird the lower cla.ss his duly was none. Thouf;h the forms of government were elecliv( — and (^'owper gives us a descrinlion of the candidate at elec- tioii'time ohse((U!onsly soliciting votes — society was intensely aristocraticr, and each rank was dl- videci from that helow it by a sharp line which l)reelude(i brotherhood or sympalhy. — Smith's | (/'OWI'KU. < h. 1. ft'lill. SOCIETY, Deliverer! of. RiforwtrK. [Hec No. 5220. | That the slave-trade was inicpii- toiis hardly any one suspec'ed ; even men who deemed themstJves religious took part in it with- out scruple. But a change was at hand, and a .still mightier change was in prospect. At the time of Cowper's death John Wesley was twen- ty-eight, and Whitetield was seventeen. With them the revival of religion was at hand. John- son, the moral reformer, was twenty-two. How- ard was born, and in less than a generation Wil- h.'rforce was to come. — S.mith's Cowpkh, ch. 1. 5233. SOCIETY, An effective. Knights of St. John. But the firmest bulwark f)f Jerusalem was founded on the knights of the Hospital of 8t. .lohn, and of the temple of Solomon ; on the siriinge iisMocialion of' a inonaMlic and iniliUirv life, which faiiaticiitm iiiiKht suggeMi, but which policy iiiiiHt approve. The llosvir of tho nobili ly o/ Kiirope UNplred to wear Ihe itomm nnd to pidfesM Ihe vowH of lliese res|H>ctahle orders ; their spirit and iliHeiplinc were IminortHi ; uiul the N|N'edy donation of twenty eight IhoiiManil farms, or iiiiinors, enabled them to support a reg- ular force nf cavalry and liifiintry for IhiMiefeiiea ot I'aleslilie (Jillllo.N s iboil;, Cli TiH, |). r»UM. 533:1. SOCIETY, Opposition to. IWt ShHby. " l.aoii and ( 'ytlina" was . . . representative of ita iiiilhor. All (lis previous cxperieiiccM and all his iispiralions~-his iiasHionate belief in friendMhIp, his principle of tlieeipialily of woiiHn with men, his demand for bloodless revolution, his eontl- detice in eloipieiice and reason lo move niitioiiN, his doctrine of free love, his vegctariiiniHm, IiIh haired of religious Intolerance and tyranny— aru blent together and concentrated in the glowing cantos of this wonderful romance. Tlie hero, l.aon, is himself ideali/.ed, the self which he im- iiL^ined when hit undertook his Irish campaign. Tlie heroine, Cythna, is the helpmate he had al- ways dreamed, llie woman evipiisiti'ly feminine, yet ciipiible of being tired with male enthusiasm. . . In the lirsl edition of the poem he made l.uoit and Cythna brotherand sister, not because he Im- lieved in the desirability of incest, but becuiiHehu wished to throw a glove down to socifHy, and In attack the iiilolerance of cusiom in it^ Hlrong- hold— Sv.moniim' SiiKi.i.KV, ch. 5. 5331. SOCIETY, Orderly. t'h/ino,ith Colon}/. House breaking and highway robbery were of- fences unknown in their courts, anil too little apprehended to be made subjects of severe ieg- islalion. — il.XNcmiKT'H V. S., ch. H. 5335. SOCIETY, Beaotion of. h'omr. [Time of Nero. I At the summit of the whole dccayinir .system — necessary, yet delesicd — elevated indef- initely above tlu; very highest, yet living in dread of the very lowest, oppressing a population which he lerrilicd, and lerrilied by tlie population he op|ires.sed, was an emperor rai.scd to liie divin- est pinnacle of autocracy, yet conscious that his life hung upon a thread ; an empc'ror who, in th(! terrible jihriLsc! of Gibbon, was at once ii priest, an atheist, and a god. — F.^uuak'h Eauly Days, ch. 1, p. 4. 5330. SOCIETY, Beformation of. Imjinrtiality. In I((I(H . . . societ ies for thiM'eformation of man- ners had for .some time been in activity. Their business was to lay informations before the mag- istrates of swearers, drunkards. Sabbath-break- ers, and other ofTenders, and to appropriate that portion of the fines whic:h were earned by com- mon inforiTKirs to purpo.ses of charity. The ob- jection which ever was and ever will be against the most honest exertions of such societie-s is, that they are not impartial in their visitations. Defoe said : " Till the nobility, gentry, justices of the peace, and clergy will be pleased to re- form their own manners, or find out .some meth- od and power impartially to punisli themselves when guilty, we humbly crave leave to object to setting any poor man m the stocks, or sending him to tlie House of Correction for immoralities, as the most unju.st and unequal way of pro- ceeding in the world." — Kniuut'b Enq., vol. 5, ch. Ki, p. 205. HOCIKTY-MOI.IHKIt OIU '■•I inlliutry I. >)iil whicli •f IIW IKllllll. riMM iiiiil to if'lo fmllTH ; •lorlul ; Hlilj ll IlKMISlllIti p|»<)it nic)f. llHMlcr*'ll('0 •N, |>. 5UM. ''">t ShfUiy, "•'itiviMiflta iiriil nil hia IriciidNliip, I Willi m«,||^ I, 'li-^ coiitl- Vf lllltioilN, '"'liMin, IiIn iiiniiy -aro lir kIdwIiij; I Ih^ hero, ii< ll 111- iiii. ainpai^r,!, hi' hiul 111- y f<'Milniiu., iitlniNJaNrii, Oltult* I,U(IU aUH«) lu! Ih). Im'ciiuho Ii«) x'l'-ly, mid iti* htrong- tfi ihlony. wcrc) of. too littlo Nt!V('r(! lo^r. ri'iiii(M)f : decay iiiff lied iiidef- K in (In.'ad ■opnititioii •'•piiliUioii ilui diviii- 1^4 lliiil Ill's r who, in it once a iH Eauly wrtiality. "of man - ^ Their thoiiia/^- th-brcak- riate tliat by com- Th(! ob- B against iotics is, litations. iustices id to re- ne meth- !msclves •bject to sending •ralities, of pro- voJ. 5, AOIIT. SOCIETY, Unbound. " War of IfU Htmft." The iiidlvlduul *m-iim- of jMiNoiial duly, th« politlciii I iinMcloiisiii'NM of tacli riti/.in that national order anH of an active, liuinbU-, consistent Christian, n^straining profanity in lii.s camp, wt^lcoming army i'oiporteurs, aeefui oeciipalions, he had, at more than forty years of age, accepted a commisNion in tlie Parliamentary army. No sooner had he beeonu; a soldier, than lu; discerned, with the keen glaiK'e of genius, what Essex and men like Essex, willi all their experience, were uiialile to |ier<;eive. lie saw precisely where the strength of the Royalists lay, and by what means alone that .strength could be overpowered, lie saw that it was necessarv to re( oiistruel the army of the Parliament, lie saw, also, that there were abundant and excellent materials for the pur pose — materials less showy, indeed, but more solid lliaii those of wliich tlie gallant sipiadroiis of the king were composed, it was necessary to look for recruits wlio were not mere nu;r- cenaries ; for recruits of decent station and grave character, fearing (iod and /.ealoiis for public liberty. With such men he lllle!ie exploits of anti(piil\'. — Tvti.kk's Mist., Look a, ch. !», ]). ;iT!5. 5*235. SOLDIER, Choice. Ilijknn;. The men [from the frontiers], painti'c! in the guise of savages, Wtre strong and of great cnchirance, many o*" fi in more than six feel high ; tliey wore I' -gingsand mcccasins and an ash-colored shirt With a double cape ; each one carried a rifle, a hatchet, a small axe, and a hunter's knife. Tlicy could subsist on a little pa'cli'Ml corn and giune, killed as they went along ; at night, \vra|)pe(l in their bl;inki'1s, liiey willingly madealrci' Ihcir canopy, the earth their bed. The rifle in Hieir bauds sent its ball, with unei- ring precision, adisiance of two or three hun- dred yards. Their motto was, " jjibcrty or Death." Tliey were llie lirst lro()])s raised under the authority of theC()ntin(!'ilid ('ongress,and . . . the best cor[)s iiiihe camp. . . . They taught the observing J^'rederick to introduceinto his service light bodies of shari)sbcoters, and their e.xani- j)le luus modilied thi^ tactics of Euro])ean armies, — HANciiOK'r's I,'. S., vol. H, ch. 44. 5236. SOLDIEB, Colonial. Mni/IM (igaind French. (3n tin; l)auks of Lake George [in nafSj 9024i)r'ivincials . . .assembled. There were the 600 New England rangers, dressed like woods- men, armed wilii a lirclock and hatchet ; under their rigiit arm a ])owder-horn ; a leather bag for bullets at t'lcir waist ; and to each oflicer a j)ock'jt compa.ss as a guide in the forests. — Banciokt'.s U. S., vol. 4, ch. 13. 521'?. SOLDIEES, Dauntless. Franks. "The Franks," .says the Emjicror Consl.intine, "are lK)ld and valiant to llie vcige of temerity ; and their dauntless spirit is supported by the con- tempt of danger and death. In the field and iu close onset they jiress to the front and rush headlong against the enemy, without deigning ., compute either his mmdiers or their own. Thi'ir ranks are formed by the Arm comiectious of consangiuidty and friendship ; and their martial deeds are ijrompled by the desire of .saving or revenging their dearest companions. In their eyes a retreat is a shamefid flight ; and flight i.s indelible infamy. — GinnuN's Komk, eh. niJ, p. !57;{. 5a3§. SOLDIERS, Defensive. Grfvk Empire. Neither authority nor art coidd frame the most important nnichine, the .soldier him.self ; and if theceremoniesof (/onslantine always suppo.se the saf(! and trium|>hal return of the emperor, his tactics seldom .s(;ar above the means of escaping a defeat, and procrastinating the war. Notwith- standing .soni(! transient success, the Greeks were st:nk i.i their own esteem and that of their neigh- bors. A cold hand and a hxpuicious tongue was the vidgar description of the nation ; the author of the tactiis was besieged in his capital ; aiul the last of the Ihirbarians, ^vh() trend)led at the nanu! of the Saracens, ov Franks, could proudly exhibit the medals of gold and silver which they had extorted from the feeble sovc^reign of Con- stantinople. — GiHiJONs Komk, ch. ");}. p. 3(59. 5239. SOLDIERS, Disobedient. James IT. The heads of the corporation, though men se- lected for olflce on account of their known Tory- ism, j)rotest( d against this illegal proceeding. The lord-mayor wa,s ordered to appear before the Privy Coiuicil. " Take heed what you do," said the king. " Obey me ; and do not trouble yourself either about gentlemen of the long roln; or gentlemen of the sliort robe." . . . The chapel was opened. .Ml lh(! neighborhood was .soon in commotion. (Jrcat crowds assembled in Cheap- side to attack tin; new mass house. The ,>rie.sts were ins\dted. A cruciflx was taken ;iit of the building and set ui) on the parish jiump. The lord-mayor came to (piell the tiunult, but was received witli cries of " No wooden gotis." The t rain-bands were ordered to disperse the crowd ; but they .shared iu the popidar feeling, and m\ir- miu's were heard from the ranks, " We cannot in conscience flight for ])o]>ery." — ^Iacm'L.w's I:n(.., ch. fi, p. !»;'.. 5240. SOLDIERS fearful. Ii<>n„fix. Such was the horror for the profession of a soldier, which had affected the minds of the degenerate Romans, that many of the vouth of Italy and the provinces chose to cut oft the Angers of their right hand, to escape from being ])re.s.scd into the service; and this .strange expedient was so commonly ])ractised, as to deserve the severe ainmadversion of the laws, and a peculiar name in the Latin liuiguage. They were called Murci, denoting a lazy and cowardly ])eison. — Gm- hon's lio.MK, ch. 17, p. 130. 5241. SOLDIERS, Graves of. Diroratnl. The first year of the war of Peioponni'sus being now ela])sed, the Athenians, during the winter, .volenmized ptd)li(! funerals, according to ancient custom, . . .in honor of those who had lost their lives in that campaign, a ceremony which they constantly observed during the whole course of tliat war. Fortius purpose they set up. three ila\s before, a tent, in which the bones of the ^>y the cor. field Will iu iiiid rush 111 ileignin^' their own. 'oniiectioiis and their ■ desire of '"11 pan ions. "i«-hf ; and KoMK, SULDIEH8. an deceased ( ili/.(;ns were exposed, nnd every per- Miiri strewed tlovvers, incense, |)erfunies". and other tiiinf,^s of the same iiind upon those re mains, 'riie-' afterward were put. o i carriaues, in cotlins made ot cyi)ress wood, evefy tribe Imving its |)articular'cotlin and caiTiaiie ; hut. in one of tiie latter a hir.iie empty cotlin was (tarried, in iionor of those whose Ixulies had not hee« found. 'I'iie pfoce.ssion marciied witii a grave, nia_)«'siic, ,iiid religious pomp ; a great, number of tiie inhabitants, lioth citi/.cns and I'or- ei.irners. assisted at this mournful solemnity. I The most reno»vned orators spoke al llu'ir graves. J--U01, 1, in's llisi., Mook 7. cli. :J. 5'il2. SOLDIERS, Invulnerable. .{■•prsona, sol)er. moral, diligent, and accustomed to reflect, had been induced to take up arms, nut by the i)ress\u'i' of want, not by the love of novelty and license, not by the arts of recridting ofUcers, but by religious and political zeal, nun- gled with the desire of distinction and i)ronio- tion. The boast of the soldiers, as we llnd it recorded in their solenm rtsolulions, was, that fhev had not been forced into the service, norhacl eidisted chielly for the sake ot lucre ; that they wiMo no ,jani/,aries, but freeborn Euglishnuiii, who had, of their own accord, put their lives in jeopardy, for the liberties and religion of Eng- land, and whose right and duty it was to watch over the welfare of the nation" which they ha(l saved. — M.vc'.\ui..vv's En(1., ch. 1. p. Il;{. 52ir. SOLDIERS, Nation of. tnniU. The chief was either hereditary or electe(l, or won his conuuand by the sword, '{"he ma.ss of the people weri! serfs. The best fighters wen; .self- made nobles, under the chief's authority. Every man in the tribe was the chicr's alisoiu'c sub- .jcct ; the chief, in turn, was bound t( 'c;t the nu'anesi of them against injury' ■ ii- out. War, on a large scale or a siui. .1 ul ' 'n the occupation of their lives. The s,,. 'vas i„)t admitted into his father's presence till .^ ^,•a.s old enough to be a soldier. When the call to arms went out, every man of the rcipnred age was (;.\pected at the nuister, and the l;ist comer was tortured to death in the presem ,■ of his comrades a.-; a lesson against backwardness. — FiiouDKs C.i;s.\u, ch. 14. 524!9. SOLDIERS, Notorious. WilKon'ii Zoiianai. [Colonel] Billy Wilson . . . boastiMl that when his regiment was moved off [from New York], it would be found that not a thief, highway- man, or pickpocket would be left in the city. — l'()i,i,AKi>'s FrusT Ye.vu ok tiik Wau, ch. 3, |.. 12. 5a4». SOLDIERS, Odd. Cronurdl's. The Pu- ritan soldiers of (,'romwell are arnn^d witli all kinds of weapons, clotlicd in all colors, and some- times in rags. Pikes, halberds, and long straight swords are ranged side by side with pistols and nuiskets. Often he causes his troops to halt that he nuiy preach to them, and fre(pu'ntly they sing ]).salms while performing their exerci.se. The captains iiri; heard to cry, " Pirnnit, Jive ! in the name of the Lord!" After calling over the nnister-roll, the otlicers read a portion of the New or Old TestameiU. Their ('olors are cov- ered with .symbolical jiaintings and verses from the Scriptures. They nuirch to the Psalms of David, while; the Royalists advance singing loose bacchaindian songs. Tin; license of tlie nobili- ty and cavaliers composing the king's regular troops could not prevail, notwithstanding their bravery, against these nnirtyrs for their faith. The warriors who believed themselves the sol- diers of God must sooner or later gain the vic- 'ory over those who are only the servants of man. Cromwell was the first to feel this con- viction. — riAMAKTINKS ChOMWP:I 1., p. ^l. 5250. SOLDIERS, Piety of. OromweU'n. Crom well bad foreseen the destinies of the contest, and from among the freeholders and tlieir sons in hif own neighborhood he formed his immortal troop of Ironsides, those men who, in many a well-fought field, turned the tide of conflict, men who ' j(;opar(li/.ed their lives on the high places of the field." These men were peculiarly moulded ; their training was even more religious than military ; they were men of position and ii'ii SOLDIERS— SOLITUDE. cliiiniclcr. Oliver preaclicd to them, pniycd with llicin, directed their vision to iill llie des- |)eriite iuid dinieult embroilinertts of the tiiues. Thes(! iiicTi were Puritans all ; Indepeiidciils ; men who, however paiiiftil it may hv, to f>ur more Olirintian notions, used their Hibh; as a inateidoek, and relieved their <;uard by revolv ing texts of Holy Writ, and refreshed tiieir «()>nage by draughts from God's Hook. — Hood's Ckomwicm., eh. 0, p. it;'). 9251. . Cromwcll'n. But that wliieh chielly distinguished the army of Crom- well from oliier arnues was the au.stero morality and the fear of God which pervaded all ranks. It is acknowledged by tlm mo.st zealous Royal- ists that, in that singular camp, no oath was heard, no drunkenness or gand)ling was .seen, and that during tlu; long domiinon of the sol- diery tile property of the peaceable citizen and the honor of woman were held sacred. If out- nvges were conunitted, they were outrages of a very different kind from tiiose of which a vic- torious army is generally guilty. No .servanl- girl complained of llu; rough gallantry of thts red-coats ; not an ounce of i)lat(! was taken from ilu! sho])s of tli(^ goldsmiths ; but a Pelagian sermon, or a window on which the Virgin and Child were painted, produced in the Pliritan ranks an excitement which it re«|uired the ut- most exertions of the oflicers to (juell. — Macav- I.AV's EN(i., cli. I, p. 114. 5352. SOLDIERS described, Poor. C<(to. "I do not like," he said once, " a soldier who moves his hands when he marches and Ins feet when lie lights, and who snores louder in bed than he shouts in battle " — Cvcr.oiMcniA ok Bi.xi., p. 4'-':.'. 525:t. SOLDIERS, Professional. Ldccda'tnu- iiiiin. 'I'lie allies of Spiu'ta likewise complained of Agesilaus, that it was not in any public; (juarrel, but from an obstinate spirit of prixate resentment, that hesouglitto destroy the The- bans. For their i)a)'l, they .said, they were; wearing tlicm.selves out. without any occasion, by going in such numbers upon this or lliat expedition every year, at llie will of a liandful of LacedaMiiomans. llei'enpoii Agesilaus, de- sirous to show llicin that the number of their warrioi's was not so gi'cat. ordei'cd all the allies to sii down ])roniiscu()Usly on one side and all the liaced.emonians on the other. This don(\ the crier summoned the trades to stand \\\t one after another, tlie potters tirst, and then tlu! braziers, the carpenters, the unisons— in short, all the me- chanics. Almost all the allies rose up to answer in one branch of business or otlu^r, but not one of the Ijacediemonians ; for they were forbi^inen who at this juncture iicce])led high military com- iiiands, Ilami)den alone ajtpears to have carried intotlu! cam]>tli(; ca])acily iuid strength of mind which had made him eminent in politics. — Macaui.ay's E\(j., ch. 1, ji. 1(W. 5257. SOLITUDE, Delight in. lUihiil Bo,>i„: Occupying the tirst <()ttage in Kentucky, in the sjiring of ITTO . . . [his] brother returned to till' .settlements for hor.ses and su])pliesof anunu- nition, leaving the renowned hunter " by him- self, without iireail, or salt, or sugar, or even a horse or dog." . . . He was no more alone than a l)e(; among the llowers, but communed familiarly with the whole universe of life. . . . For him tin; rocks and fcnintains, the leaf and the blade of grass, had life ; . . . the trees stood up,. . . myiiads of comi)anions. . . . Tlieiier- ]ietual howling of the wolves by night round his cottage, or liis bivouac in the brake, was his di- version. . . . He returned to his wife and chil- dren iixed in his purpose, at the risk of life and fortune, to bring them iis .soon as possible to live in Kentucky, which he esteemed a second Para- dise. — Banckokt's r. S., vol. Cell. 41. 525H. SOLITUDE. Moroseness by. ('lir>/.ii>iH»/ii. He maintained, fimii ■■mnc consideralions of > I; /.i^Ua SON— SOUCKUY. t>2;} Leiilth or iibKliiic'iicc, his . . . habit.s of Inking his repiuito hIoiic ; and this inlioHpitabIc custotii, wliidi bis enemies imputed to pride, eoiitrihuicd, at least, to nourisli tlie infirmity of a morose ancl unsocial humor. — OiimoN, ch. 3, p. 342. 5250. SON, A devoted. ConfuciuH. Just as ho was about to be promoted to the highest digni- ties of the empire, his mother, in tlie flower of her age, suddenly died. Inunisdiately, inaecord- anee with the ancient traditions, lie resigned his oHlce, and resolved to pay all the honors to his mother's memory which the most rigorous of the old customs demanded. After conveying the body to the siunmitof a mountain, wherc'the ashes of his father reposed, \u' secluded himself from society, and pa.ssed three whole years in mourning the irreparabU; loss which lie hud sus- tained, his only relief being the study of i)hi- losophy. — (Cyclopedia of Bioo., p. 409. 5360. SON like Mother. Ktiiperor Nft-o. Clau- dius, by the advice of his faithful councillors, his freednuin, married his niece Agrippina, the daughter of (Jcrmanicus, a woman equally vioio\is as Messidina, and more daring in her crimes. Her favorite object wiis to scciu'e the empire for her son Domitius .Enobarbus [Xcro] ; and, to gain the freedmen to her interest, she ma(le no scrujilc to prostitute heiself to them. In the prosec'ution of her scheme she employed banishment, poison, murder — evcny different engine of vice and inhumanity. She obliged Octavia, the emperor's daughter, to marry Domi- tius, whom sh(! now madi^ Claudius adopt, to the prejudice of his son Britannicus ; and Domi- tius was haiUul C;.sar, with the titles of Xero CldUilitis ViV.vir Druxiin Gernidiiicioi. . . . Agrip- pina, having i)y thesi; comiilicatcd crimes paved the way for llu! su(H'essi()n of her son to the throne, now tbouglit ])ro|)cr to make way for him l)y poisoning iier iiusband ; and (Maudius, after a reign of lourtcen j-cars, was thus carried off attlu'ageof sixtv-three. — TvTi. Kit's IIist., Book ."), cii. 1, [). 4S(i. 5201. SON, Eeconciling. T/iniii.slodcu. Ad- nu'tus, kingof tlif M(>los>iaiis, . . had nuule a re- quest to the Allicnians, vvliich being rejc^'ted with si i-n by Tliemistoeles in the time of his prospci ity and inlluence in the Stale, the king entertained a deep v I'ntment against him, and made no secret of In intention to revenge hini- s("', if evei- tlie Atlunian should fall into his However, while he was thus tlyingfrom ) place, he was more afraid of the recent f his countrymen than of the eonse- of an old (piarrel with the king ; and he went and ymt himself in his liands. powr placi envy queiu . thereto appear! :; before him as a suiiplicant ui a par- ticular and extraordinary manner, lie took the king's son, who was yet a child, in his arms, a«d kneeled down before the household gods. This manner of ofTering a petition the Molos- sians look upon as the most etfectual, and the only one that can liardly be rejecte(l. — Pi.u- TAHCII'S TUKMISTOCIJOS. 5262. SONG, Enamored by. Jo.vah Quiitri/. [While visiting his aunt in Boston lie met a young lady who made no impression on his mind till] she began to sing one of the songs of Burns with a clearness of voice and with a degree of taste and feeling which charmed and excited him beyond anything he had ever e\- perienccd. He immediately threw down the law papers wliich he had been examiniug, and re- turned to the company. Miss Morion .sang .several other .songs, to the great delight of all who heard her, and to the unl)ounded rapture of this par- ticular young gentleman. VVhen the singing was over, he entered into conversation withlier, and discovered her to be an inlellig(;nt, well-in- formed, unalTecled, and kind-hearted girl. Id short, he fell in love with her upon the spot, and when the young lady left Boston a week after, he was engaged to her. Some time elapsed, how- ever, before they were married. SIk^ was a young lady of liighly respectable connections and con.siderable fortune. The marriage was suitalile in all respects, and they lived together tifty-thrce liappy years. This most fortunate union was, no doubt, one of the main eaus(!s of tlu! singular peace and uninterrupted happiness of his life. — ('vci.oi'koia ok Bioo., p. T.'ii. 5a«3. SONG, Political. /.V///;, of JamM JT. I Irish Roman Catholic troops were brought into Ingland to aid the king in sujiplanting the Prot- estant religion.] Thomas W'li.arton had writ- ten a satirical ballad on the administration of 'i'yr- connel [lord-lieutenant of Ireland]. In this little poem an Irishman congratuliilesa brother Irish- man, in a barbarous jargon, fin the approaching triunqih of popery and of the Milesian race. The Protestant heir will be excluded. The Protestant oHlcers will be bi-oken. The (treat Charter and the praters who aiipcal to it will be han.ired in one rope. The good T.ijliot will shower com- missions on his coiiiili ynien, and will cut the throats of the Knglisii. These verses, which were in no respect al)o\(' the ordinary stand.ard of slreel poetry, had lor burden some gibberish which was said to have been used as .-i watch- word by the insurgents of ristei' in Hill. TIk- verses and the tune caught the fancy of the na- tion. From one end of Mnglaiid to the other all classes were coiisl.inlly singing this idle rhyme. . . . One of tile cb.ir.acteristics of the good old soldier is bis trick of whistling Ivilliliullero. Wharton aftei'ward boasted that he had sinig a king out of three kingdoms. Mut, in truth, the success of Liliibullero was the efl'eet, and not the cause, of that excited state of public fei^ling which i)ro(luced the Revolution. — Macaui.av's En(!., ch. i), p. :5()7. 5i26'l. SOECEKY condemned. Knf/laiid. a.d. 1440. I In 1440] the AVitih of Kye was buriied in Smitlilield for having, in former days, giv(!ri medicinis to Eleanor Coliham to make ftie Oiik(! of (iJoiK ("-ter love herand wed her. | The duk(;'s wife was lirought liei'ore an ecclesiastical com- mi.ssion by the ]iolitieal eiieniies of her husband, and] condenuied by the bisbojistoall th(! humilia- tions of ])enance in the .streets of Lonilon, on three several days. . . . She was contined at Calais and th(> I.sle of .Man for the remainder of her life. [Her otTenc(! was only this : she had con- sulted an astrologer] to know what should tail of her, and to what estate she sliouhl come. — Kmoeii's E\(5., vol. 2, ch. 6, p. 94. 5265. SORCERY, Fear of. B;/ Joan of Arc. The only question was whether thes(! beings were good or evil angels; whether she brought with her "airs from heaven or blasta from hell." This (piestion seemed to her countrymen to lie deeisivclv settled in her favor bv the austrra 624 SOItCEHY— SOUL. '1 sanctity of licr life, liy tlic liolincss of her con- versation, bill .still more Ity hi r cxcinpliiry atten- tion to nil the s(!rvices and rites of tht! (nmrcli. Tlie dauphin at tirst feared the injury that luij^lil be done to his cause if hv. laid liiniself open to th(f charge of having leagued himself with ii sorceress. Every imaginable test, therefore, was resorted to in order to set Joan's ortliodo.xy and purity beyond suspicion. At last Charles and ins advisers felt safe in accepting her services as tlio.se of a triK! and virtuous (,'hri.stian daugli- ter of the Holy Churcli. — Dkcisive 1J.\tti,i;«, 5'2«0. BORCEBY punished. Ilcnn/ VI. [He married liis mistress, Eleanor Cobhani ; she was charged with compassing th(! king's death by sor- cery.] Her judges found that she had made a waxen image of the king and slowly melted it at a fire, iipro(;e.ss which was held to account for Henry's growing weakness both of body and mind. The duchess was doomed to piiiianct! for her crime ; she was led bareheaded and bare- footed in a white i)enance-slieet through the stHiets of London, and then tlirown into i)rison for life. — Hist, of E.\(;. Pi:()1m,i;, t^ 4H(i. 5267. SORROW, A living. Mother of Wi'dti/. Susanna Wesley, ... in a letter to her brother, writes, with the anguish which only a mother can know, for the saddest sorrow of a child : ' () sir ! O brother ! liappy, thrice happy arc you ; happy is my sister that buried your chil- dren in infancy, secure from tcmjitation, .s(!cure from guilt, secure from want and shame, .secure from the loss of friends. Believe me, it is better to mourn ten children dead than one living, and I have buried many." — STfn'ENs' Method- ism, vol I, p. 59. 526§. SORROW, Sentimental. A'e/acv. ['I'he Persians invaded Greece.) He left Sardis, and directed his march toward the Hellesi>ont. Being arrived there, he Avislied to have the plea.sure of seeing a naval engagement. A throne was erected for liim upon an eminences ; and in that situation, .seeing all the sea crowded with his ve.s.sels, and the land covered with his troops, he at first felt a .secret joy ditfu.se it.sclf through Ins soul, in surveying with his own eyes the vast extent of his power, and considering himself as the mo.st liappy of mortals ; but retlecting soon afterward, that of so many thousands in a liun- lircd years' time there would not be one living soul remaining, liis joy was turned into griei'. and he could not forbear weeping at the uncer- tainty and instability of human things. He might have found another subject of reflection, which would have more justly merited his tears and afiiiction, had he turned his thoughts upon himself, and considered the reproaches he de- served for being the instrumentof .sliorteningthnt fatal term to millions of peophs, whom Ids cruel aml)iti()n was going to .sacrifice in an unjust and unnecessary war. [He had 1,8()0,()0() men.] — lioi.MNS Hist., Book 0, ch. 2, ^5 2. 5269. SOUL, Divinity of the. Pi/t/iai/orfi.t. Pythagoras regarded the human soul as consist- ing of two part.s — the oni; a sensitive, which is common to man and the inferior animals ; the other a ratiouiil and divine, which is ('omnion to man with the Deity, and is indeed a part of the divine nature. The first ju'rishes with the body, of whi(;h it is an iiisepar.ililc adjuiict ; the other survives and is immoilal ; Iml after the death of oiii.' body it entiM's into another, and so pa.sses through an endless series of transmigrations. It is punished by degradation into tiie IxkIv of an inferior animal. — Tvri, Kit's Hist., Book 2, I'h. «, p. 2(i:{. 5270. SOUL, Immortality of the. Soeraten. So('rates passed the rest of the day [his last day] with his friends, and conversed with them witli his usual . . . tran(|uillity. 'Y\w subject of conversation was most important, and well suit- ed to his ]>resent condition that is to say, the immortality of the soul. What gavt^ ocea.sion to this discour.sc was a (|ueslion introduced in a manner by chance, Whether a \vw. |)liilo.sopher ought not to desire and take i)ains to die ? This jiroposition, taken too literally, implied an opin- ion that a i)hili)soplicr might kill himself. Soc- rati'S shows that nothingis more unjust than this notion ; and that man, appertaining to God, who formed and jjlaccd him with His (jwn haiKl in the post he possesses, cannot abandon it with- out His pciiiiission, nor quit life without His order. ^Vllatisil, then, that can induce a philos- opher to entertain this love for death '! It can ])(• only the hope; of that liai)piness which he ex- l)ects in another life, and that hope can b(! founded only u])on the opinion of tlu^ soul'sim- mortalily. — Uoi.i.i.n's Hist., Book 9, ch. 4, g 7. 5271. SOUL, Mystery of the. Mahomet. [Ma- homet's wisdom was hsicd by the rabbins, who asked an answer to this ipiestion, " What is the .souI ':'" Mahomet demanded] three days to re- flect. He then rei)licd to the questions to the satisfaction of the rabbins. As to the definition of the soul, which does not fall under the .senses, and which cannot be defined by words all bor- rowed from material i)roperties : " The soul," said he, "is a mvsteiy, of which God has re- served to IlimscJt' alone the knowledge. Man can know only what God vouchsafes to teach him. " — L.v.MAUTiNKsTiiiKKV, p. 87. 5272. SOUL, Nobility of. Dor ins. Polystru- tus having gor.'.f aside to a fountain to quench his thirst, saw hard by a mean wagon, in which lay a wounded man, to ai)i)earance in tlie agonies of death. There was no attendant near. On approaching, he perceived that it was the king of the Persians, who lay stretched upon a skin, covered with wounds. AVhen Polystratus came near, he opened his eyes, and feebly asked of him a (h-aught of water, which when he had re- ceived, " VVIioever thou art," said he, " who hast done me this office of humanity, it is the last of my misfortunes that I can oiler thee no return. But Alexander will requite thee for it ; and may the gods reward him for that generous compas- sion which, though an enemy, he has shown to me and to my imforlunate kindred. Take," •saiil he, " this hand as the pledge of my grati- tude." So saying, he grasped the hand of Polystratus, and immediately expired. Such was the end of Darius Codomannus. ... Of this prince it may be truly said that he merited a belter fate. The tender and humane affections formed a strong ingredient in his nature. When we consider him strijijicd of his donnnions, his crown and life .sacrificed to the insatiable ambi- tion of an uiqirovoki'd invader — to forgive was much ; but an emotion of gratitude to that enemy, exprcs.sed with his latest breath, indi- w— — —■ son,— SPECX'LATION. r>2o tilt' (lentil of if soul which is scarcely tube jiaialleied. — Tyti, Kit's Hist., Hook '2, i li. 4, |). 1H9. 5373. SOUL, Seat of the. ArixMU. \\v in- t'oi'ins us that, in his opinion, tlu; scat of tlu^sonl is that portion of tlu; lirain called the i>iiiciil irliiiid, 11 small, solid mass of nervous mutter in tli(! midst of the lolx^s of the brain. The rea- son which this great philosopher gives for so lliiiiking is, that "all the other parts of the brain ar<; doiililc and thoug!il is single." Man's soul thus being in the head, he feels it necessary lo explain wliy we are i)rovidcd with bodies and linilis. Sinc(! the .soul is coniplclelj' enclosed within the skull, why should W(! b(! encumbered with such a gn^al mass (jf unspirilual matter'!' The gods foresaw, Ik; tells us, that the li(;ad, Ix'ing round, would roll down the hills, and couhl not ascend steep phuvs ; and lo prevent this, th(! body was added as a carrier and locomotive of the head. — Cv('i.oi'i:i)i.v ok Hioo., p. 500. 5274. SOUL, Superiority of the. William ITT. (William III. was for many years afflicted with the aslbina, and during the later years of his life was greatly opposed and annoyed by the partisan spirit in l-'arliament, which ignored his great servic(!s to England, and his recommenda- tions for the security of the .State. In the sum- mer of 1701 he apiM'arcd in tin; last stages of liodily feebleness, but the labors of the follow- ing autumn ni)pcared to improve his health. It wasa p(!riodof publicexigeiuy, arising from the aggressive attitude of France. William seemecJ to rise sujierior to bodily disease in i)repariiig for the conflict which was threatened.] It hasl)ceii admirably said liy Lord ^labon : "Let those who doubt the dominion of the soul over the bodily j)owers, who deny that ii strong mind can sway and strengthen and force onward a feeble suifering frame — let such observe whether in the last labors of William to form the Alli- ance, or in tlu' Alliance it.self when formed, they can discover any trace of sickness — one single mark of languor or decline." — KxKiiiT's En'(i., vol. 5 eh. 10, p. So;?. 5275. SOVEREIGN, An American. Geuenil draiit. I .Vflcr sixteen years of public service he proposed a lourof travel.] A government vessel, the Indiana, was placed at his disposal, with- out limit as to time. Tliis aiiiiouncemeiit awakened the liveliest interest in England, where lie was first to land, and it was agitated in ail the papers wlie!her the courtesi(;s tendered him should b(! those accorded to a sovereign ruler or a private eili/.en. Van Buren and Fillmore had both been received simi)ly as distinguished Amer- ican citizens. At length Lord Beaconsfleld ati- noiinced that he should be received as a sov- ereign. — IIl'.ADl.KV'S TlJAVKI.S OK Gi:\Kl(\l, <}U.\NT, p. 5. 5270. SOVEREIGNTY, Claims of. Sword nf Mars. It was natural enough that tlie Scythians should adore, with peculiardevotion, the; god of war ; but as they were incapable of forming (dthcr an abstract idea or a corporeal represen- tation, they worshipped their tutelar deity under the symbol of an iron eimeter. One of the shepherds of the Iluns perceived that a heifer who was grazing hiid wounded herself in the foot, and curiously followed the track of the blood, till li:' (li-c(i"vcr.(!, niDoiii;- \\\r ]> the point of an ancient sword, which Ik; dug out of the ground and presented lo Attila. That magnanimous, or rather, that artful, prince ac- cepted, with i)ious gratitude, this celestial favor; and, as tin! rightful possessor of tin; mrord of .\TarK, asserted his divine and indefeasibh- claim to the dominion of the earth. — (tiniioN's Momi;. ch. :{4, p. ;wo. 5277. SPECIALTY, Success by. T'Jw/irror Max iinian. Maximian was born a ix-asant, and, lik(! Aurelian, in the territory of Sirmium. Ig- norant of letters, careless of laws, the rusticity of his appearance and manners still betrayed in the most elevated fortune the meanness of his extraction. War was the only art which lie professed. . . . After the exaniph; of Marcus, lie gave himself a colleagiu! in the i)erson of ^Iax imian, on whom lu! bestowed at first the title of ('a>sar, and afterward that of Augustus. — (Jiii hon's IloMK, ch. li], p. 405. 527§. SPECTACLE, Magnificent. Clropotr.,. [She left her dominions to visit Antony in Cili- cia.] She .sailed alongthe river Cydnus in a most magnificent galley. The stern was covered with gold, the sails were of ])ur])le, and the oars were silver. These, in their motion, kept time! to the music of flutes and jiipes and harps. TluMpicen, in tlieclrcss and character of X'enus, lay under a canopy embroidered with gold, of tin; most ex- (juisite workmanship, while boys, lik(! painted Cupids, stood fanning her on each side of the sofa. Her maids were of themosi disiinguislied beauty, and, habited like tlu; Nereids and the (traces, assisted in the steerag(! and conduct of the vessel. The fragrance of bui'ning inccnsir was difTused along the shores, which were c()s-- cred with multitudes of people. Some followed the procession, and such nunilicrs went down from the city to see it, that Anlony was at last left alone on the tribunal. A rumor was soon spread that Venus was come to feast willi Hai- chiis, for the benefit of Asia. Antony sent to invite her to supper ; but she thought it his duty to wait upon her, and to show his polite- ness, on her arrival lu; comiilied, lie was aston- ished at the magniticence of the iireparations, but iiarlicularly at that multitude! of lights, which wer(! raised or let down together, anil ilisjiosed in such a variety of siiuare jind circu- lar tigurcs, that they all'orded one of the most pleasing spectacles that has been recorded in liistory. — Fi,i'r.\i!cii's An'ionv. 527!>. SPECULATION, Endangered by, •lll^trk p'ridiii/." In the autumn of iMii* occurrcil ilie most cxlraorilinnr}' monetary excitement ever known in the I'nited Stales, or ])eiliaps in the world. .V company of unsci-upulous speciiln- tois in New Vork City, headed by ,Iay Gould and James Fisk, Jr., succeeded in jircjducing what is known as a " coinir"in the gold market, and brought the business interests of the metrop- olis to the verge of ruin. During the civil war the credit of the government had declined to such an extent that at one time a dollar in gold was worth two hundred and eighty-six cents in ])aper curr(>iicy ; but after the restoration of the national authoritj' the value of jjajicr money ap- lireciated, and in the fall of IHtit) tlu; ratio of gold to the greenback dollar had fallen to about one hundred and thirty to one hundred. There were ;it this time, in the lianks of New York, - I 111' 6;iG SPECULATION. ! k tillirii iiiillidii (Inlliirs in irolil coin aiiil io the siil»-lrc!i.sury of llic United Sliilcs ii iiuiKlicd rnllliofis iiiorc. 'I'lic plan ol' (ioiiid atid FihIv was to ^et control, by purchase, of Die ;;realer part of the tifteeii millions, lo prevent the secre- tary of the trciisury from selling any part of the hundred millions under his authority ; then, hav- ing control of the market, to advance the price of irold l(j a fahuloiis ('i!;ure, sell out ail which tiny held theniselvi's, and retire from the Held of Hlaii^i'litcred fortunes witli their accunuilated millionsof s|)oils. . . . I Ijivinu; carefully arranifcd ;dl the prelimini'rics, the conspirators, on the l:ith of Sei)lcnd>er, heiraii their work of j)ur- chasiti;;; pold- at the sanw time constantly ad- vancing^ the price. I5y the 2',M of the moiUh they had succeeded in puttini,' up tlu^ rate to a hiuidred and forty. On the next day the jirice rose toa hundred and forty-four. The members of the consi)iracv now boldly avowed their de- lerminalioii to advance IIk^ rate lotwo hundrcil, and it seemed that on the mori'ow Ihey would [iMl the;"' thr(!at into execution. On the morn- ini,'' of the 'i4th, known as lUid-l,- Fvitlntj. the liiddin;^ in the Oold Uoom bcLran wiiii inlen.sc ( x- citement. The brokers of Fisk and <;iiuld ad- vanced the price to a hundred and lil'ly. a hun- dred and tifty-tive, and tiindly to a hundred and sixty, at which Hfj:ure they were oliliLreil to pin- chase si!veral millions by a company of mer- chants who had banded themselves toLTctlicr with the determination to tiijht the irold-^ani- blers to the la.st. Just at this moment came a despatch that Secretary Houtwell had ordered a sale of four millions from the sub-treasury. There wa.s an instantaneous panic. 'I'he price of ^;ol(l went down twenty per cent in less than ivs many nunutes ! The si>eculators were blown away in an uproar ; but they manui^ed, hy ac- cumulated frauds and corrujitions, to carry off irtilh them more than elvirii vdllion dollars, an the fruit of tluir ncfarioun giuae. Several months elapsed before the business of tlu! country re- <:overe(l from the effects of the .shock. — \iuy- I'/VTii's U. S., eh. 68, p. 55:3. 52S0. SPECULATION, Epidemic of. Kmjland, 1720. [Under Uie intluence of the gipuitic South Sea Scheme tin' spirit of speculation in 1720 l)ecame an e])idemic.] Companies of every character — water compaiues, fishery com- |)anies, companies for vai'ious maniifactures, companies for settlements and foreign trade — infinite varieties, down to companies for fatting hogs and importing jackasses from Spain — rushed into the market amid the iini\-crsal cry for shares, and inon; shares. ... It was calculated that the value of the stock of all the comi)anies . . . was twic(> as much as the fee simple of all the land of the kingdom, . . . and five times as nuich as the circulating medium of Europe. — • K.NKiiiT's Enuntry. With the reorganization of the Hank of the United States, in 1817, the improved facilities for credit gave rise to man}" extravagant sp('culations, gen- erally conceived in dishonesty and carried on by fraud. Tlie great branch bank at Haltimore was especially infested by a band of unscrupu- lous speculators, who succeeded, in connivance with the ollicers, in withdrawing from tlut in stitntion fully two ndllionsof dollars beyond its securities. President Cln-ves, however, of the Su perior Hoard of Directors, adopted a policy which exposed the |H'evailing rascality, aiid by putting an end to the system of uidinuted cren- its, gradually restored the busiiu'ss of the coun- try to a lirnier liasis. Hut for the timti l)»!ing tinancial affairs were thrown into confusion ; and the Hank of th(^ United States it.self was barely saved from susfu'nsion and bankruptcy. — Uii)i'.\rii'H U. S.. ch. r)2, |i. 411». S'iN'i. SPECULATION, Mania for, Fr a n c c. |.(i)hn Law had th(' management of the finances of France.] I)ukes and footmen, capitalists and shop-boys, ladies of the court and servant-maids, jostled one another in their eagerness to buy tlie favorit(; share of the moment. The iirovinces poured into I'aris tens of thousands of pe()])le i eager to join in the maddening game, and the mania s])rea(l at last to all the countries of Eu- rope. Kingsand pi'inces of distant lands bought shares in Law's delusive schemes, and in Lon don the mania ragcil almost as violently as at Paris. Money was Ijorrowed in Paris at tlie ralt^ of a ((uarter jier cent per quarter of an liour. the lender keeping liis eyes upon his watcli. Desk-room was let in the vicinity of the share-market for fifty francs a day. Shares, bonds, and coin changed in value fifty times in a morning. So i)opular was the magician who had conjured up this state of things, that large sums weri! given for places where he could be seen in passing, and it was a distinction to hv i\hU: to say, " I liave seen John Law." A poor old cobbler, who had a little shoj) in the street tiius suddenly invested with so much impor- tance, cleared two hundred francs a day by let- ting chairs and desks, and selling pens ami jiaper. Men made fortunes in a few days. Peo- l)le who were lackeys one week kept lackeys tlie next. Law's own coachman came to him one day and addressed Lim thus: "I am going to leave you, .sir. Here are two young men, both of whom, I answer for it, are excellent coacli- nieii. Take j'our choice, and I will keep the other my.self." . . . This madness raged in Eu- rope eight months, during which people thought th(^ age of gokl had come ; for, whiU; hundreds of thousands appeared to gain, ver}' few .seemed to lose. The constant rise in j)rice of shares and royal ])aper appeared to enricli everybody, and ruin nobody. . . . The reaction, I need not say, was terrific. When first the suspicion arose that all these fine fortunes were founded upon l)ai)er of fictitious value, it spread witli alarm- ing rapidity. By various adroit manceuvres Law checked the progress of distrust, but he could only check it. Tiie rush to " realize" grew in volume and intensity from day to day, until it became a universal panic— C'vciiOPEni.v OK Hioo. , p. 45,'). 52§:t. . KngUtHd. TIk; age of comi)anii's caiiu! very soon after the revolution. No sclieme of fraud, no delusion of folly, was transparent enough to make its yictims stay their headlong jjursuit of imaginary wealth. The mania never sio])pe(I. Several years after the ruin ])rodiiced by the infatuation of the South Sea Scheme, the management of conu)auics was m SI»K('ri-ATI()N'— SPKCl LATOK.-,. I tins spoken of : " We are so I'oiul of coinpmiiiN, it, is II wonder llml wo liiive not oiih slioex lilaekcd liy one, and iisel of directors made ricli at the expense of our very hiaekjjiianls." 'I'lie Iliictiiations, soon after the revolution, in tiie ])rie(! of sliares, not only of " new projects and sciienies proinisinj^ mountains of ;j;old," lint (.f the estahlislied Iradinjf companies, wvw so ex- cessive, that, the hiisinessof the Itoyal Kxclianne in its .stock-jol)l)in<^ depart nienl, miirhl i)e com- pared to the oi)erali(ins of a j;reat ,iranihlin;^ lioiise. — KNKiitr'rt i'lMi.. vol. .'i, ch. ;{, j). 41. ft^K I. SPECULATION, Oppression by. Fnni,;. I In 1772, diirinij IIm^ rei^cn of Louis XV' ,] the distress of the lower clas.ses wasffricvoiisly aiin'- mented hy a scandalous as.socialion called the " Facte d(t Famine," which produced arliticially an immense rise in the price of corn. The kins^ himself was a lari^e shareholder in this com- pany, which bought up \\h: fxi-nln in France, exported it,, and then re-inlroduccd it, at, an enor- mous i)rolit. The people were thus driven to the last exlriinity of misery ; luid yet no one vent- ured to r.iise his voice against this ahominabU! Irafflc, the slij^htest (u)mplainl btiiuf^ followed by c()iisic;nment to the dimijeons of the Hastile. — Stui)I-:nts' Fu.vnck, ch. 24, t- 2. 5aM5. SPECULATION, Prevention of. % Iav- idittioii. When (Jonji'ress convened [in Septem- ber, lH7i5], a bill aulhori/ing {\n\ issue; of trea>u- ry notes, not to exceed ten millions of dollars, was passed as a tem])<)rary expedient. More im- portant by far was tlu; mcasuri; jiroposed by the President, and brou^dit befori; Congress, under the iiaiiK! of " 'i'he Independent Tniasurj' ]5ill." Hy the provisions of this reniarkabh^ proj- ect the publi(; funds of the nation were to W kept on deposit in a treasury to be established for that sj)ecial i)urpose. It was argued by Mr. V^aii Bun^n and his friends that the surplus money of tlu; country would drift into the inde- pendent treasury and lodge then^ ; and that by this means the speculative mania would be ef- fectually checked, for extensive; s|)e(ulalions could not be carried on without an al)undant currency. It was in the nature of the President's ])lan to sejiarate the business of the United States from the gcMieral business of the country. The Independent Treasury Hill was ])assed by the Senate, but defeated in tlut House of Rep- resentatives. — UiDPATii's U. S., ch. ">(», p. 4;!M. 53§6. SPECULATION, Kuinous. ]rMK.s/i,pi. i^rhenw. A dividend of twelve per cent was foon declared ui)on tlu; shares, and iui incredilih; iiiipidse was given to the .sale, the anxiety to ob- tain them amounting to infatuation. In Octo- ber they reacheil the prc])o.sterous price of lO.OttO francs, twenty times tlieiroriginal value ; it is even said that at last they were not to be ])urcha.sed under eighteen or twenty thousand francs. Enormous fortunes were realized dur- ing the height of the ferment by speculators of all clas.ses — fi-om princes, generals, and prelates, down to jx'tty shop-keepers, clerks, lackeys, waiting-maids, and courtesans. A fl(.'titious and baseless prosperity overspread tlu; w'hole king- dom. But !i reaction wa^ inevitable. Such was the rage for obtaining the bank-pa]ier, that Law found himself unable to control its issue ; its circulation was increased to the jiorteutous amount of three thousand millions of francs, wlu-reas Ihi' wliolc valui! of the metallic coiiuigi' existing in France clid not exceed seven hundriMl millions. Toward the close of 171!) HUsi)i(aoii liegan to gain ground as to the solvency both of the bank and of the company, and many of tlu; largest shareholders prudently converted their shares and notes into investmenis in money, jew- els, and laiiiled ])roperty. The Prince ot' ( 'onii gave the signal for this assault upon the public credit by extorting from the bank three carl- loads of sih'er in exchang(! for his banknotes. Kvery exertion was now made by the regent and Law to arrest the downward moxcinenl. but in vain. Money i)ayments were forbidden for sums above 10i> ■ .,incs ; the currency of the banknotes was made objigatorv, and at last all |)aymenls in specie; were prohibited. Violent means were adopted to enforce these tyrannical decices ; but it was impossible to stem the; tide of reaction; the pidiiic; conlideiu'c was shaken UKire and more every day, and the hollownes.s of the whole system .soon becomini,^ manifest, a universal pan- ic ensued. — SrtDK.N'rs' I'^itANci;, ch. 2:i, $^ 4. 5'i)sr. SPECULATORS, Defeat of. Xaimh;,,, [. The state of the empire w;is now such that tlii' pulilic funds beLian to decline, Kngland, Spain, and Portugal \uslria, . . . Prussia, . . . long- ing foran o|)portunily to retrieve . . . fallen lorl- unes. [Russia was doubtful.] Specidators in the i)uhli(; fimds endeavored to excite a jiaiuc. The price fell froiu niiu'ly-four as low as seven- ty. Napoleon inunediately roused himself. . . . " I mean," said he, " toiuaktt k riniipaif/n di/niiiKf, the hcitrx." \\y means of judicious purchases, steadily executed for on0. SPEECH, Brevity In. (!iii>nd (Inint. I lie was enlerlained liy the city of Manclii'sier, Kn;r||ind, wliere Ik^ spoke lon>;er than usual. He connnonly used l)nl a very few words in an address. I in reply to a toast of IIk^ mayor, he said with a smile that KiiLilishmen had p)t inoH! and lonj^er speeches out of liim than his own countrymen, hut they were poorer, simply hecau.sc the}' irrn'. loiif/ir than he was accustom- ed to make. — llii.\i)i,t;vrt Tuavim.s oI'' Oiiant, p. 7. ftilOI. — ■ — . iiciitriil (Iniiit. One of Ids .soldier friends wlio is .said to bo almost as re- served as himself, was commi.ssioned to present, the ;reheral willianelei:autly cni^raved ;,rold cu]), in the nameof thesoldiei's v. ho liad .served under him. Th(! warrior was introduced into the; Grant household, heiwinij the cui). . . . He (piietl}' placed the cup upon ii sideboard, remarking, " That's Uu\ cup." 'Phi! President looked alii in a dreamy sort of a way, .ind .said. " Thaidv you." Th(!n h(! offered his comi)!inion inarms a ciufar. The two veterans s;it down, and facini,'' each other, smoked away ill silence, while the deputa- tion of soldiers outsi(h: wailed in vain for the speech which is usual on such occasions. — Tii.WKi.s ()!•" (Ji.;nI';i{,m, (Juant, p. Hi). 3292. SPEECH, DiBsembling, <'/io.sri».s. [The nilerof the Turks. | While thesuccessor of l)isa- biil celebrated his falhi'r's obse((uies, he was saluted by the ambas.sndors of the lOmpcror Tibe- rius, wiio jiroposed an invasion of I'ersja, jind sus- tained, with tirmiiess, the aiiLiry and perlia])s t lie just reiiroaches of tliat hauuhty barbarian. " You SCO my ten liniicrs," s;ii. 20it. 52»:t. SPEECH, Earnest. J»/(/h Milton. | .Mil- ton's plea for the eommon wealth :| " What I tiave upokeii is the lan^uanc of thai which is not called amiss the ^ood old cause. . . . Thus much I should, pc^rhaps, have said, thoui.'-li I were sure 1 sliould liave spoken only to trees and sloiies, and had none tocry tol)uf with the ]ii'opliet, ' O earth, cartli, prisoicr was l)rnujj:lit before the court toanswera chai'LTc of liiixli treason and other crimes, firought beforr liim. in the name of the i)eople of Eng- land, a voice was heard from the ^all(-ry : ' It -.a lie -not one half ol them." It ciiini) from Ijidy Fairfax. J—Knkiiiih K.Nd., vol. 4, ch. 7, p. HH'». A29tl. . .*v(/( of'CniHiiH. [CyniHcajii iired Sardis.l Tlu! only son (riesus had living wasdumi). I'liis youni; prince, seeing a Holdier, when the city was taken, ready to give the king, whom he did not know, a stioke upon the head witli Ills eimet<'r, made sucli a violent efTort and struggle, out of fear and tenderness for the life of Ids fallwr, that he iiroke the string of his tongue, and cried out, " S(»ldier, span' the life of Cnesus ! ■— UoM.iNs HiHT., Bookl,cli l.art. 1. 5200. SPEECH, Paiiionate. h'm/M'ivr Julia n. lie somel lines forgot the gravity of his Htation, askeonH. At the close of an audience which he ga\i' to some Alheiiian amliassadors, who were come to com- ])lain of soiiK! act of hostility, he asked wlietl • lie could do tliein any .service. " I'lie greatc-i, .service thou eouldest do lis," said Demochares, " would be to hang thyself." Philip [of Mace- don], willioul tin; least emotion, fliough he per- ceived that all the persons i)re.sent were highly of- fended, . . . answered, " (io tell ycair .superiors that those \\ ho da red to make use of such insolent langiiag<' are more haughty and less peaceably inclined than tlicv who can forgive tliein."— Hoi.i.in's Hist., Hook It, ^ S. 52»«. SPEECH, Responsibility in public. J' p. KMi. yriMcnpl •ml liviti^r li wildlcr, Mickinjr. till! Iicail 'trorl iiiKt >r llic lif.j n^' 1)1' liin Hu' life of I, int. 1. • J II lilt II. s Klalioii, ioilH, 1111(1 111(1 tile •nee Willi liiist IIk; Milt liiH I liini to >r of iiis cy vent- lii.s piis- 'liamc, as 'li --(Jiii- S1'KK( II-HIMUIT. U:4'.> ai.tl vvoiilil uii(i()iil)t(Mily liiivc (tircctcd tliciii loaciiiiit tlic ilcfoiiduiilH ; but Kiiu-li, too iiiixioiis to Ih> xrfcclly (listTi'ct, interfered, and ite;rK''•' leard. " If yoii wili Ik- licard, " Hiiid VVri^'lit, "yoiiHiiiili l)(! heard ; liiit you do not uiiderstiiiKl your own liilereHts." Tiie oilier eouiisel for tlie (iefeiicc iiiiuie I'Mticli Hit down, and l>(%'L;('d llie cliief justice to proceed, lie was aliout to do .so wlieii a incsscii^'cr came to tiie solicitorjreiieral Willi news iliat iiOi'd Sunderland could ]irovetli(t xiltlicalioii, and would coiik- down to tiie court niinediately. VVri^lit inalieioiisly told the coun- sel for llie (lefeiice that tliev Imd only lliein.selves to tliiink for Ww turn wlifcli things liad taken. The countenances of the ^reat multitude fell. Finch was. durin^r some hours, the most unpopu- lar man in the ' .)untiy. Why could la; not sit still, iw his hellers. Sawyer, PemlK'rton, and I*oI- lexfeii liad done 'I ills love of ineddliiift, his ambition tmnakiMi line speed,, iuid ruined every- thinj;.— ■M.\(Ain,Av's Kmi., ch. H, p. '.\U\. aaO I . SPEECH, Worthy. Iiidin n. ( 'li i,f < 'a „on- diet. 'Pakiii jirisoner at last , near the iJlackslone, a young man began to (juestioii him. " Child," replied lie, "you do not understand war; I will answer your chief." Mis life wasolTcred him if he would procure a treaty of peace ; he refused the olTer with di.sdain. . . . ("on(l(.'miied to death, he only answered, " I like it well ; I shall die before I speak aiiylhiii!; unworthy of myself." — n.VNCiioKT's U. S., vol. '-', ch. Vi. ft:tOil. SPELLING, Bad, (Iconie Wdnhinf/ton. Washington liim.self, befon; he becanu! a public man, was a bad sjieller. I'eoiih^ were not so par- ticular then in such matters astliey are now ; and besides, there really was no .seltled system of spelling a hundred years ago. When the general wrote for a " rheain of i)ai)er," ii beaver " haft," a suit of " eloalhs," and a pair of " sattin "shoes, there was no Webster unabridged to keep peo- ple's .spelling within bounds. — ("vci.oi'kdia ok Hkxi., p. !>. ASOil. SPELLING, Diverse. Hhnkexfiatre. In the first place, how did \w. ^w\\ his name ? When he wrote it, he spelled it in various ways ; but wlien he had it jirinti'd he spelled it Sli'ak- spere, or Shakesjx'are, and so did his intimate friend, Ben .lonson. In his own day, the name was spelled in thirty-three dilTerent ways : Slia.x- pur, 8ehakespeyr, Chacksiier, Shakaspeare, Schiikespeire, etc. — ("Yci.oi'KDiAOFHiod., p. 23. 5:iO'l. SPIES, Ensnared by, /iV ////t of Thfodo- ni'is. Tlie general who commanded the military and naval powers of tin? Tliracian frontier soon perceived . . . that the IJarliaritins, awed by the presence of his fleet and legions, would probably defer the passage of tlu; river till the ai)pr()acli- ing winter. The dexterity of the spies, whom he sent into the Gothic camp [of Alatlieu.s], al- lured the Barbarians into a fatal snare. They were persuaded that, by a bold attempt, they might surprise, in the silence and darkness (if tiienight, th(! slijepingarm;, of the Romans ; and the whole multitude was hastily embarked in a tteet of three thousand canoes. The bravest of I he Ostrogoths led the van ; the main body con- sist(Hi of the remainder of their subjects and sol- diers , and tlu! women and children securely fol- lowed in the rear. One of the nights without a moon had been selected for the execution of their design , and they had almost reached the houIIi em bank of the I)anube, in tlu; lirm coiitUience that thev should liiid an eiihy landing iind an un gnardecf cani|>. Hut tin- progress of ihi! liarbtt lial they s rnardecfcii riiins was suddenly stopinrd by an unex|H!(;UMi obstacle : a triple line ot vessels, strongly (;oii- necled with each oilier, and which formed an impenetrable chain of two miles and a half along the river. While they Hiruggled to force tlieir way in the une(|ual conllici, their right liank was overwiielined by the irri'sistible attack of u Heel of galleys, which were urged down the slreiim by the united impulse of oar.-i and of the tide. — Giiiiion'h Komi;, ch. 'JO, p. (ii. A30A. SPIES, Shameless. Ila;/ii o/Jiwwm If. .lolin liocke hated tyranny and persecution as a philosoiiher ; but bis intellecl and his temper pre served liim from the violence of a parli.san. . . . In one point, however, he was vulnerable, lie was astiideiitof Christ Cliurch in the l.'iiiversity of Oxford. It was determined to drive from that celebralcil college the greatest niaii of whom it could ever boast ; but this was not ea.sy. Locke had, at Oxford, abstained from e.\|>re.ssing any opinion on the polities of lliiMlay. Spies had been set about him. Doctors of divinity und masters of arts had not been ashamed to perform the vilest of all odlces, that of wiilchiiig the \i\w of a companion in order to report his words to his ruin. TIk; conversation in the hall had b(;en purposely turned to irritating topics, to the Kx- clusion bill, and to the character of the Karl of Shaftesbury, but in vain. Lock(! never lirokt^ out, never diss(;inbled, but niaintaiiKMl hu(;1i steady silenc(! and composure its forced I In; tools of power to own willi vexation that never man was so completi! a master of his tongue and of his passions. When it was found that treacherv could do nothing, arbitrary power wiw u.senui'i's si'(nr-s Sirateii- " I Imvc khowlctlKc of Ooil Itiit liy till' S|)iril. " KiK'li ipiiHon," Hiiys I'l'iiii, " kniivvH (tiid friuniin Infill lililc ilctnonslnitidii Id liiinsrlf. ami not (in Hit' sIcMiirr jifroiiiiils of niiri's jo licrc inlrrpi'i'tiiiJDns, nr jo llirn'. 'I'hc inslincl nf Drily is so niiliiiiil III man, lliiil lie ciin no inoii' lie witlioiit it, aixl III', tliiin he <'an Ih' without tin' most csMciitlal purl of himself."- Ma.nchokt'w l' H . vol. U», rh Kt A:I0M. SPIBIT8, OommunloatioQ with. hon/. In oni! of his Icllrrs, hi; says : lu'cii called to II holy oMlce liy the Lord Himself, who most ffraeloiiMly manifested Himself to me. His servant. In the year I7IH, when He oiH-ued my siffht to a view of the spiritual world, mul ifranled me the priviiei;e of conversing willi spirits and impels, which I enjoy \t\ this day. rrom that time I lie;;an to print and piililish vari oils areatia that have lieen seen l>y me, or revealed to me, as rcspeelinjf heaven ami hell, the slate of man after death, the true worship of (}oil, the spiritual sense of the; Word, with many other most im|)ortanl matters eondiieive to salvation and true wisdom." — VVihtk's Swkdkmuiiio, ch. H, p, ti'.'. Si'.tOn, . SiPfdcnhorn. The C^ueen of Sweden asked him whellier his spiritual inter- course was a science or art thai (oiild lie commu- nicated to others. He said : " No, it is the ^ift of the Lord." "('an you, then," said slie, "speak with every one deceased, or only with certain persons ?" lie answered, " I cannot ton- verse with iiM, hut oidy with such as I Imve known in this world, with all royal and priiicelj persons, with all renowned heroes, or >,'reat and 'earned men, whom I have known, eithi'r pei sonally, or from therr actions or wrilin.^fs ; con sequently, with all of ir/iom I ontht, form on iil(i( : for il may be snjipo.sed that a persoil whom I never knew, and of whom I could form no idea, I neither could nor would wish to speak witli." — WiiiTic's Swiodkniiouo, ch. 11, p. !)(). A:II0. spirits, Intercourse with. .\< w I'/o toiiMx. |()f the Alexandrian Ncliciols | Consuni iiij^ their reason in these deep liul uii.sulislanlial meditalions, their minds were e.vposed to illu- sions of fiini'V. They Haltered IhciiiM'lves that Ihcy possessed Ihe.sccrel of disenirai^inn' the soul from its coi'poreal prison ; claimed a familiar iiilercourse with demons and spirits; and, liy a very sini^iilar revolution, converted the study of philosopliy intolliiit of ma^ic. The.iiK iiiitsa^cs iiad derided the popular superstition. — (Jiuhon's Ko.MK, ch. i:i, p. 44!». 5.'{1 1. SPIRITS, Lying. Simhn/iori/. In In- diary, written about lliis lime, he says thai " spirits narrate thinu^s wholly false, and lie. When .sjurils begin to speak with man, care ^lloll|d be takiMi not to believe 11 I'ln ; for almost (ivcrythinj;; they .say is made u|i by them, and they lie ; .so that if it were permitted them to re- lute what heaven is, and how things are in lieaveri. they would tell so many falsehoods, and with such sironu: assertion, tli.at man would be astonished." — Wiii'ri<;'s SwKDEM'.oittt, ch. 8, p. H9. 5.11 '2. SPIRITS, Ministering. Sd.mucl ,Iohu- Hoti. The followiiiLT very solemn and afTecting pniyer was found .iflcr Dr. .lohnson's iircea.se: . ■ April !2rt. 17.VJ, beiiiK after 12 at ni^lil of the •.i.'ith. () iiord I (Jovernor of heaven und eai'ih. in whose liumN are embodied und departed spirits, if thou bast ordained the souls of the dead to minister to the living, and appointed my depaileil wife to have care of me, grant that I muy enjoy thegood elTects of her attention und ininistrution, whether exercised by iippeiir ance, impulses, dreuins, or in any other manner agreeable to thy governmeiil Forgive my pre sumpllon, enlighten my Ignorance, und however meaner agents are employed, grunt nu; tin blessed Inlluenees of thy holy Spirit, through Jesus ("hrist our liOrd ' .Vmen.' -Hoswi;i.i,'m .Johnson, p (\\ A:II». splendor, Palatial, Timour [On his leliirn from tiveyem- of compiesl, Tlmour| erected a palace of marble, lunsparent Ml ' ula ba.ster. which intercepted the cold and let lliniuiih a softened li;;hl to the aparlnieiiis. Oieek piiiiil ers brought from Hy/.anliuin painted its domes in fresco. j)re.senting colored page« of the history of his campaigns. He was seen there in all bis diversities of fortune, from the condition of a Tartar shepherd to that of sovereign of diaible Asia. He gave Ibis palace to oneof the daui;lili rs of hi■^ (lecea.sed .son, Miran Sctiah. niiined Ueg- lii/.i. La.m viniNKw Ti;iiivi;v, p. ill • A:II I. SPOILS, Abundant, liomnm. In the course of a lew years llie ricbesof Syracuse, of Caiiliagc, of Macedonia, and of Asia were ' 'cuight in lrinm|)h to Home, The In isiires of rseus alone amounted to near twi millions rling, and the Honian people, the soverei};n of so many nations, was forever deli verei I from the weight of tuxes. The iiicreasin!J" reven ae of the provinces was found -iilllcient I. did'ruy the ordinary cslablislimenl of war and iiovernment, and the superlluoiis mass ( f gold and silver was deposited in the temple of ,- ilurn, and reserved for any unforeseen eniergency of the Stale. — (Jiiuio.NH |{oMi;. ch. (), ji. 1M(». 5.115. SPOILS, Abundant. Pillogeof ('(mstan- /iiiiip/f. I My Crusaders. I Vet llie magnitude of the prize surpassed the largest scale (it experienet; oi' ex pel I a I ion .Vfier the whole had been e((ually divided bctwei ii the French and Venetians, lifly thousand mar- were deducted to satisfy llie ilebis of the ioinier and the demands of llu; latter. The residue of the l"'rciicli amounted to four hundred thousand marks of silver, iibout eight hundred thousand pouinK sterling ; nor can I lictler ajiiireciale the value of hat siun in the publi'- and private tiiuisaclions of the age, than by d. lining it as sescii times the nuul rev- enue of Hie kin!j:doni of England. - (irnnoN'H HoMi:, ch. (>(), ]). !M). 5!JI«. SPOILS, Dedication of. I'lonx. [When Aurelian the cmjieior retiiiiied from bis con- ipiests in the Fasl|, a considerable jiortionof his oriental spoils was coiLsecratcii to the gods of Itome ; the Capitol and everv other temple glittered with the olTerings of iiis ostentjitious piety ; and the temple of the Sun alone received above liftecn thou.sund pounds of gold. — Gin HONS RoMio, (;h. 11. 5317. SPOILS, Division of. Arabs. The Arab continued to unite the jirofessioiis of a nierchanl and a robber ; and his jietty excursions for the defence or the attack of ;> iiiravaii in-sensibiy si'our yi'ATK n.'ii "•Hvcii and ■ lllfllKIIT '•' iny pre i lii>\v«!V('r m«! lln; 'liroiiv'li "/', I"" 'l'i'ii()iir| III alii llin.ii(.i^li •^ iis. I what prodlL^loiis < Miiiiiari had aiisci ducted liy .scvi'ii iii't'|iai'i'ii|iH for the ('oiKjiK'st of Ai';diiii. rill- dlHlriiiMlioii of llic H|>oil was ni/'ii lulled b.V a divini' law . Ilir wlioli? wa-* failld'ni \ roUccicd ill (Mil' roiiiiiiori iiiaHH ; a llftli of i^oid :ind MJIvcr. the priHoiu'i'M and (nitlr. iii, movalilcs and iiniiiovalilcs, was rcscrvid hy tin propli' I for pliais and cliaiitahlc iisis ; the rciiiaindcr wiiN Hhart'd in adciiiiai' porti"'>s hy tlic Noldicrs who hud olihiiiicil till' vli'loiy or guarded lh>' ciinip ; tlu- rcwardN ol llirHJain devolved lo Iheii widowH uiid orphans. — (iiiiiioN s Mmiumi;i\ P :tM. a:! I M. 8P0BT, Magnificent. OiivnUd. [Ita.ja /.el. the Olloinan Mupieror, invited hoiik '>f his dislln;;iiislied l;iii i.s to a hunt in the valli ,< of This chase, which atlesis lo ina^j^nitlceiice llie family of II in so few years, was eon thoiiHMiel falcon curriers on horsehiick, and by miven thoiisiind i^nmekecpers of lh(Minperial forests of Olympus. The (io;;s were clad In honsinifsof purple, iiml wore collars ornamented willi precious stones. — Lam.mc iink'h TUKKI'.V, p. 'Jlll> li'.ll9. SPORT, Thoughtleia. .Uurrinf/c. In i:cd Ihcmselves as saviiffcs, in clo.se tittinjzidresseseoM'red with pileli and low to resemble li.iir. The youiiL; l)uUe "f Orleans, e.vcited, no doubt, by w ine, approiieln • I tln^se f^r()tes(pie li;rures with a lii^hled torch, and. eitluT accidentally or from wmilon lovi of inis^ chief, set their combustible idsiume in a blaze. The kiiiLT wa.s foiluiialely si.iiidiiiL;' iiparl, ainl the Duchess of lien V hurried him out of the hall. Four of the unlucky markers were burnt lodeiilh; one saved Ids life by llirowinn- himself into a lartfc (lib of Wilier which liappcncd to be nl I. II, i- (I }ftirtin. hxlliir. islle.J On one )!irly, but took iiivc been on a iiunt," he svrites to .Sp:ilaliii, " for the past two days, and have tasted of that bilier-swcet enjoy- ment of our nnlile lords! W'e ;,'i)t two rabbits and a ("ouple of |)oor parlridi^nvs. A worthy oc- eu|)atioii. in irulli, for idle people I I continued my thcursuit .scented its hivliim- |)lace. tirsi wounded, and then killed it. Thus the pope and Satan ra;.re in tlieircn'orts lo ruin saved souls, without coneeiniiiu Ihem.selves ;ibout mv labors."— Hkin's Ij-riiKit, eh. 10, 5:J2I. SPY, An infamous. Tnupfn: [InlKI7 James W'illan, a printer of l)ewsl)ury, proved hand. — S'iudknts' F'iixnck, < 5;t'iO. SPORT, Unenjoyed. [While secluded lit \Varti)ur-- ( occasion he joined .a huiilini,^ no ple.asiire in the spoil. " I he svriles to .Sp:ilaliii, " Hint II ^ov' Minciit Hpy nam< d OliV(^r,| who rep resented L niself um n deleuale frnm the rmiical.'- of tioiidon, h;id forHevcral limes, or tlu! Hpiice of two months, endeavored to siuiuce him inb acts of vIoleiM e iind siliialidiis (tf dimtrer luid that he liad espe(iiillv ur(.'i'd him to alU-nd ii I 'inj? of "deleCTlts. Ill wliiili nieetln/JT <»'ii men .vere arrested by a party of militiiry. [The Moy I .,'ciiiiie a leiiiptei | — K.shhit'h K^'J , vol ^ cii. Ti p. .SI. Si:t-J':t. STARVATION, D§pop»Ut«d by. Ituh/ The Uveiili \ ■ HIS of (he(iotlu( war eonsiini iiiMicd ilie di^iii'Hs and depopulalioii of Iliily \» earls ■■!• the loui'tli campaign, under tlu^ disci pline Ml 1,1 lisai'iiis iiliiiM'lf, tifly Ihoiisiind lalioi ers died of liiiiimr in the narrow region of Pice mini . and ,i si rid inlerpretalion of Iheevuierice of ['rocopius would swell the los-s of Italy uliovc the loliil -iiiii of her { ns, nt inliabihml -Otn IKi.s's l{u\l(.. \ mI, I H'.VM. STATE, Bereavement of the. Kimuu. niiniliin The 'I'liiban power evpired with IIiIn L^reat niiin, whom ('i(i'r(i .seems lo rank uhove all llie illusirious men ( t'arlicr lb only scenicd < oiupi'icnl loconducl 'liecnb iprjvc with any proim-c n! success. . . . The Frenci! peasants and inccliani(!s were not eager to em bark for a C(ainlry which h.-id nothing lietter Iban .savages and sno's . ... So the work of enlisting' voliinb ers went on nl\ i 'unlerfeiters and trailors wer<' denied Ihe privilege of ^: 'tiing tlieir liberty in Lie New World. — i{ii)r.\ i ii'h U. S., . h. .'■).■ !>. 7-i. H'Vi^. STATE, An honored. Vin/inia. Vii giiiia is |iroud of being c.illiil the inolher of |iresidcnls, ,ind she iias a right \- the name. Wasliinglon, Jell'crson, .Madison, .Monroe, and Il.irrison were all her sons. i'.ul she Iia.s many other illustrious children whose names would liave received no additional lustre from llic jiresi dential oflice. This is particularlv true of (Jeii- eral Sam Houston, the father and president of Ihe republic of Texas. Ifewas born on the 2(1 of .March, ITiW. inHockl)ridge('oiinty, ^■irgin^a. — LicrtTKii's Sa.m Hoisro.N, p. 1. 't >(t ;lil to lie, Nlill ii incdii itic wlilcli will curt) the «liMi-u.s<'«l ixirlN of tlir SluU' U lirtlcr timii till! Niir^'i'tv wliicli would iuii|Militti' Ihiin. Tlu! kiii^lils Imvc fiillcii oir fi'oiii till' Si'iiiitc. riiii iiohli! IokIh lliiiik till V till' III lii'iivcii wlii'ii tlii-y Imvn liiirlii'l in their |iowihIs llint w III riit mil of lliilr hands, mid tlnv Inivi-lhi' list Id ruli." — Klinliii, H l',KH\i{, ill. \'i. AililT. STATE, Protection of tha. /{// h'lhifutiou. IChiirondaM, the (liriiiiii lawgiver. | i'ri|iiii'i'd all < hildi'i'ii of lh<> rill/.i'iis til III' I'lliicati'd in |inllti! liti'i'iitiirit, tiin I'lTi'i'l of whirli in to noI'Ii'ii and I ivili/.(! till) ininiU of nii'ii, ins|iiriiii; llnin willi t'l-ntli-iirsH of inaiiiii'i's, and inrlinin^r Ihrin to virtiii! ; all which roiislimic tin- fi'lirily of a Stall!, and arc rcinally niTcssarv In rili/.cns of all ronililionH. Ill lliis view lie ii|i|ioiiiied Halarii's (paid hy tlii! Slate) I'or inasieiN and pr i)lors, in order that leariiini;, liy l)(\i\t<; loininiiniealed uratiiiloiisly, inl^dit be ai'i|iiii-ed hy all. lie loii- sidered i^noi'iinee aw tlui >;realest of evils, and the soiireo wheiiee all viees tlowed. — Itoi.i.iN'H llisT., Hoolt 7, eh, a, t; 'J. AS'iW. STATE, Sflourity of the. \iii>»l, on J. I III! wiliie.sHed the atlaeli of the iiiol) on Uie paiaei! of the 'riiileries. | Napoleon openly avowed liin eonviclion llial Fraiiee, without edii- lalioii and wilhout reiiirion, was not prepared for the Ucpiihlicanisin of llie I'liiled Stales. In thi.s .senliini'iil Lafayelli; and iiiosi of the ^visesl men of tlii! Freneh iialinii eoneiiried. ... In France at this linu; tliere was neither inlelli- t,''enee, relijjion, nor morality amoiij^ the masses. 'I'lieri! was no revereiiee for law, neitlier human nor divine. — Aumott's Nai'oi.kon H., vol. 1, .h. !.'. 5.'tii!>. STATE, Eights of the. j\iiUiproclainalion denying the right of any State to nullify the iaws of Congress. But .Mr. ('alhoun, the Vice-President, resigned his of- fice to accejit a seat in the Senate, where he might better defend the doctrines of his State. 'IMie President liaving warned tlie ])eople of South Carolina ai^aiiist pursuing tlie doctrines further, ,Mr. Cla,\ hiMighl foi \Miid and Heciiied the pas.HiiKc of a |< oiiiproiiiiHi'| bill providing I'tira gradual nduclioii of thediilli'Hcoiiiplaineil of, iinlil, at the end of ten years, they hIiouIiI naeh the ylandard demanded by tlio Huiitli. HiKf.xriiH I . S.. I'll. .VI, p. -ViH. a:i:io. states, Righu of. !?((. The ( 'oiifederii now Ntood in the pliici 'l'ii.riitii>n. .July. i;?f(. The Confederacy Jof the I'niteii HlHle«| ce of the crown iih th«' cen- tral aiillioriiy. . . . Il was laid down un ii fun diinieiiial aillcle that ' the I nited Htati's iiRsein- bled sliall never impose or li'vy any tax or du- ties, " evceiil for jiosiii u'e ; and tliiM rcHtrietion — MUcli was till! force of liabll —was accepted with out remark,-^ B.\.M IK iiTH I'. H., vol, 1>, cli. 1. •i:i;il. STATESMAN,Dangeroui. <'hnrl<»T(>wii- nihil. .\.it. ITtir. Iledied at theageof forty one, famed alike for incomparable lalenlNandextriime iiisiiilijliiy. (lie was called the weather cock. | . . . If his indiserelion forbade esteem, his good humordissipated hate. lie had been courted by all piirlies, but never possessed the conlidence of any. lie I'ollowcd no guide, and he Imd no plan of his own No one w islied him as an ad versa ry ; no one trusted him as an associate. He soinelimcs spoke with linjdness; but at heart he was as timid as he was \irsalile. , . . With pow- er, fortiine, alTeclioii, .iiid lionorH clusN'ring around him, he fell in llie bloom of manhood, the most celebraled statesman who has left noth- iu',' but errors to account for his fame. — Ban- iiioi'r'H I'. S., vol. (I, ch. !tO, H'l'l'l. STATESMAN, Degeneraoy of. Kixjlixh. Cowper lielieM'd that the public men of his time liad gi'own degenerate — "the age of virtuous politics is jiast." — KNioiri'H Kmi., vol. H, ch, 7, J). III. .'i;i:i:t. statesmanship, contemptible. Nn- pohiiii III. During tiie civil war the Kmperor Napoleon III. interfered in llie alTairs of Mexico, aiKl succeeded, by overawing tlie people with a French ariiiv, in setting up an empire. In the early part of is(i-l the crown of Mexico was con- ferred oil ^laximilian, the Archduke of Austria, w ho estalilislied his government and su.stained il willi French and Austrian soldiers. But the .Mexican President Juarez headed ii revolution ;igaiiisl the usuriiing ciii])cror ; the govcrnmeni of the I'liitcd States rebuked France for liaxing \iolal(il IlieMonroe Doctrine ; ^^apoieon, becom- ing alarmed, willidrew his army, and .Maximil i.iii was oxcrthrown. On the llilhof .lime, lH(i7. 111! was tried by court-martial and condemned to be shot, and six days afterward the sentence was carried iiitoexeculion. Tlie scheme of Napoleon, who had lioi)ed to jirofit 1)V the civil war and gain a foothold in the New "NV'orld, wa-s thus jusl- Iv brouirbt to sliamefiil contempt. — KiDrATii's r. s., ch. t;7, p. :ap>. 53:M. statesmanship, Foolish. Jdmenir. lie brouglit over Irishmen, not, indeed, enough 1o liold down the single city of London or the single county of York, but more than enough to excite till! alarm and rage of tlie whole kingdom, from A'orlliumberland to Cornwall, iiattalion .•ifter liattalion, raised and trained by Tyrctonnel, landed on the western coast, aiul moved toward the capital ; and Irish recruits were importwl in considerable numbers to till ii|) vacancies in the English regiments. Of the many errors which MM NTATKMMANSIIII'-STONK. 03a llic (111- riii, (1 it llic liiiii ■Ml iHi;- illi- iiil < llnir rrliulon. Of IIium' wlio liud >)iu < liccii most /:i'iiloiis for inoiiin ii\ , lie had ill ready iiiadc many rcltcis In licurl ; ut ill' niiuJil Hiill, Willi sonic clianci! of snci csm, |ii'i\i> ii|>|M-ali'd Id rlic patrlolic Npiril. of liis Miii|i'( is ikpiinst an invader for tiiey wen^ a ra( (! Insular in lein|iei' IIS atliie.s Were, indeed, in llial iijfc iinieiiNdniiiily iiiid iinainialily slidii;^. 'I'liey liad never lieeii aeciisloined to the eiailrol or iii (erl'erene( of any Hlranifcr. Tlie ii|ii)eMiiince of n foreii;!! nriny on Mieir noII iiii.,dit, iiii|iel llieiii 4-ven to rally round a l\in^ wlioin they had no n-KHoli to love. William niijfht perhaiis havi; heeii ahh; to overeoiiin this dillleiilty ; iiiit .laiiies re moved It. Not even the arrival of a lirinadi^ of Ijouis' musketeers would havd exiieled 8iieli rcMettlment and Nhaine as our aneestors fell wUrti they saw armed eoliimnsid' I'apists, just ar- rived from Diililin, movin^r in military pomp alonjf till) hiL!:ii roads. — .M.vc M'i..\v'k i;N(i., eh. )), p. \m\. A:i:t5. STATESMANSHIP, National. Williiim the Coni/iiiror. l're|(aialory to \V illiam's plan of rediiein;.; ICnyland entirely under tin; feu- dal ^rovernnieiit, Im found it necessary to en- pi^' in and complete a very ureal iiiiderlakiiii;. This was a ;?eneriil survey oi' all the Ivingdoiii, an account of its e.xlent, its |iroprieldrs, their tenures, and tiieir values; the (jiiiiiitity of meadow, pasture, wood, and aralile land wliich tliey contained ; tlio iiiimlier of teinints, cot- tagers, and servants nf all denominiitions wlio lived upon them. Commissioners were appoint- ed for tills piirpo.se, wlio, after six years em- ployed in tli(>. survey, l»roui;lil liiin an «'xa(l account of tho wiiole properly in th(> kinjj;dom. This momimeiil, called hiHtnimltuf lh>. The Athe- nians (l(!creed aliove liiice hundred statues to Demelriu,* Phalerwis. iliaiors thus jirodi- trally lavi.slied are no jiroofs of real merit, hut 1 li(3 effiTls of sorvilo adulation ; and Demetrius i'liulercus was culpable to a cousidcrahlu degree ill not (>pp(mlii){tlu>iu III IheiilmoHtor hii«|Niwer, if he really wiim in n condition to priivunl their lakiiij^ place. The conduct of Cato wiim miicii ipore prudent, in declining several inarkM of tlls> tinctldii which the people were desirous of >;nii'l- iii.i; him ; and wlien he was asked one day wli)' no statues had Ih'cii erected to him, when Uonut was crowded with so many others, " I had niiK-li nillier," said he, " iieople shiiiild in(|iilr(» why I lia\e none than wliy I lia\c iiii\." — |{i)i,i.iN'rt llisr.. Hook HI, S 7. Ail^M. STATUE, ImmenM. ,lyw-//'>. A )i\ff\\n- tic statue of Ajiollo, or the sun, seventy cillilH in liel^dit, wiiserected at the eiilrance oftlie har- lior, a moniimeiil of the freedom and the arts of (Jreece. After standing,' fifty six years, the co- lossus of KIkmIcs was overthrown hy an earth- ipiake ; hut the massy trunk and liiiLje fra;i?- mriils lay Ncaltered ei;;lit centuries on tint /ground, and are often descrilied as one of thd wonders of the ancient world. They were col- lected liy the dill!>'eiice of the Saracens, and sold to a.li'wish merchant of Fdessa, who 's said to havo laden nine hundred camels with the weij^ht «)f Ihe lirass metal ; an enormous weiif III, thou>
  • ii aching for ii President that I could look up to, and I've foiim! him at last in the land where we Ihoimht Ihero were none hut litllf i/idii/n." fTliedislinjjuished Sle]>hen A. Doiiirlas, of Illinois, was known »m Ihe " little <,'iant. "J— |{.vvMONi)'s I.i.ncoi.n, cli. ',), p. 105. 5:M0. STEAMBOATS, Firit, L, Ennlamt. Henry Hell laid liis .steam passuLre hoat I'liiiniii!^ on the Clyde in IHll. In a few veins steamlioals were plying on the Thames. — k.Moiir's IOno., vol. s, ch. 7, p. i:n. 5311. STOICISM admired, S.nI/,,,/. Kpic leliis showed how life could he sliiiplilied, in- deed, liy hringing it into ohedieiice to a perfect law. Instead of a (piietism liaiiiited 1/y feverish dream.s — duty, action, co-opcratiiai witli (Jod. " Twelve years ago," wrote Soiilhey in IHOd, " I carried Ki'iictelus in my pocket till my very heart was ingrained with it, as a pig's hones hecomo redder hy feeding him ujion madder. And Iho longer I live, and the more I learn, the more am I convinced tli;it stoicism, ]>roperlv understood, is till! liest and nolilcst of systems.'*' jVIiicli thai; Soiithey gained from stoicism lii^ kept through- out his whole life, tempered, indeed, hy tin; in- tluences of a Chiisiian faitli, liut not liwt. — Dowdkn's SorriiKV, cli. ~*. 531*2. STONE, A sacred, lloiiKtit, Empfror Jlixnitiiiiin y\iiloiiitiiin. Till! sun waH worshipped at Fniesa under tlio nanio of IClagahaliis [from two Syriae. words, Klpposing the king's ell'ort to rule by jireroga- tivej, and men 8 hearts failed them for fear with- out. Wiiile the lienu.nstrance was passing, a wild storm broke over London. AVind and hail, rain, lighlning, and thunder, the like of it was never known in the memory of living man ; the churchyard walls were broken down, the earth rent and torn from Ww. g'-aves, revealing, so it is said, the faces of the dead ; supernatur;il shapes in the mist hung brooding over the Thames, and the su])erstitious saw misty shape and storm and tempest bearing on and beating against tli(!hous(' of ihe Duke of 15uckiiighani, it." stairs, and its "vvalls. .Storms \.ire moving toward York House too. — Hood's ('uo.mwkm,, ch. ;5, p. OS. 53.10. STORM, Unequalled. Uoha-t Ihimx. In Februai-y of the ensuing year, 179."), his duties as (supervisor led him to what he describes as the "unfortunate, wicked little village" of Eccle- f(!chan, in \iinandale. The night after he arrived there fel' tla; hcavic'st .'■now storm known in Scotland within living memory. AVhen people awoke ne.\t :;:orning they foiuid the snow up to the windows of the second story of their houses. In the hollow of C'amiisiehillsit lay to the depth of from eighty to a hundred feet, and it had not «lisappoared from the streets of Eclinbiirgh on the king's birthday, the 4th of June. Storm-stayed at Ecclefechan, Hums indulged in decppotations iind in song-writing. — Sii.mkp's IJuhns, ch. 7. 5317. STRANGERS, Chilled by. At St. Kilda. Mi'.'aulay's " Hi.story f)f St. Kilda" was very well written, except .some fo|)pery about liberty and slavery. 1 mentioned to him that Macauhiy told me he was advised to leave out of his book the wonderful story, that, upon the approach of a stranger, all the inhabitants catch < nld, but that it had been so well authenticated, he determined to retain it. .Ioiinhon : " Sir, to leav(> things out of a book, merely liecause jieoitle tell you they ivill not be believed, is meanness." — Boswkli.'s Johnson, p. IS."). 53.|§. STRATAGEM, Credible. mvlnK. Kiu^i of Permit. At length, after a siege of twenty months, Darius won Ihe city by a tieii(li"rous siratagem. One of his captains, mutihiling his visage with hideous wounds, lied, as if for safe- ty, to the I5abyloni;uis, and olfered his services to avenge himself against Darius, who had used him thus inhumanly. The man was trusted by th(! credulous Babylonians with a high cnni- mand, of which \\v availed himself to open the gates to the Fersians. AV'itli aggravated meaniuss and cruelty Darius impaled alive three; thou- sand of the priiuipal citizens. — TvTi,i.i{'s Hist., IJook 1, ch. 11, p. 11(5. 5310. STRATAGEM, Dishonorable. Kivfj of Spain. Si-eing that King John 1 11. | still mani- fested an inclination for the enter])ri.se, it was suggested to him by the ISishoj) of Ceiita that Columbus might be kept in sus])ense while a ves- sel .secri'lly despalched in thedirection heshould ]ioint out niighl ascertain whether there Weic any foundation for his theory. I?y this means t:]\ its advantages might be secured, without commiltii.,., the dignity of the crown by formal negotiations about whatmight jirove amereihi- niera. King .John, in an evil hour, had the weak- ness to |)ermit a stratagem so inconsistent with his usual justice; and magnanimity. (Columbus was HMjuired to furni.sh, for the considcra'ioii of Ihe council, a detailed plan of liis proposed v(.y- age, with the r:harts and documents according to which he intended to shajie his cour.se. The.se being jirocurcd, a caravel was desiiatehed with the ostensible design of carrying provisions to the ('ai)e de Verde Islands, but with jtrivate instnic- tionsto pursue the designated route. Departing from those islands, the caravel stood westward for several '.iays. until the weather became .stormy ; when .li(! pilots, seeing nothing but an imiiiecs- ur.ible waste of wild, tumbling waves still ex- lending before them, lost all courage! and put iiack, ridiculing the ])roject of Columbus as o.\- tiavag.'int iiiid iiratioiial. This unworthy attempt to defraud him of his eiiterpri.se roused the indig- nation of Columbus, and he declined all oilers of King John to renew the negotiation. — Iitv- iNu's CoMMIUS, ch. 0. 5350. STRATAGEM, Success by. aiuards eould not tell whether his denial wa.s true or false. Tl >vas a council of war i.i the Si)anisli eainp. Oi^lethorpe's sti-ataiicm was suspected, l)ul could not lie proved. Three sliip.s had lieen seen at sea that day ; jierhaps these were the first vessels of the aiiproachinii; Mritisli lleets. The Spaniards were utterly per plexed ; hut it wa.-i fimdly decided to lake (>i:h- thorpe's advice, and make tin; attack on Fr<'d- crica. [They failed.]— Kior.xrii's l'. S., cli.'JK. 1). 242. 5351. STRATAGEM, Successful. Fill, I II i/. rWhen .M.irins had (lawpiered the people of konie, his fury was insatiahle. csi)ecialiy a^rainst, llu! proi'iincnt citi/ens. | t)n this occasion it was found that no obliyutions of fri"ndship, no rijihts of hospitality, can .stand the ..lock of ill- fortune. For there were very few wlio did not lietray tliose that had taken refni;(^ in their houses. The slaves of (Jornutus, therefore, de- serve the lii,L;hest adnuration. They hid their niiister in the hou.se, and took a dead body out of tlie street from amoni^ the slain, and iian^'ed it by the neck : then they put a uold riiii"' upon the finj^er, and showed the cori)se in that condi- tion to Marius' executioners : after wliicli they dres.sed it for the funeral, and buried it as their master's body. No omi suspected tlu; niaUer ; and Cornutus, after bcin^ concealed as loni; asii was necessary, was conveyed by those servants 'iito Oalatia. — Pi.i'rAucii'a (J.mus.M.muis. 5.152. STRATEGY despised. Pemaiix. In tight the ancient Persians displayed great ]»er- sona! courage. They esteemed it dishonorable to employ any stratagems in war, and never fought in the night, unless when aitat two reckonings : one correct, in which the true way of the shij) was noted, and which was retained in secret for his own government ; in tin; other, which waso])en to genci'al insi)ection, a numbei- of I(>agues was daily subtracted from the sailing of the ship, so that the crews were kejil in igno- rance of the real distance they had advanced. — liiviNo's ('t)i,UMiU's, Book 3, cli. 2. 5315. STREETS, Darkness of. /i'rA/// <'f Cli(ui(H IT. When the evening closed in, the dif- liculty and dangerof walking about London be- came serious indei d. The y^arrel windows were opened, and. pails were eini)ticd, with little re- gard to those who wcri! passing below. Falls, bruises, and broken bones \vere of constant oc- (•urrence ; for, till the last year oi the reign of Charles II., most of the streets were left in pro- found darkness. Thieves and robbers plied their trade with impunity; yet they were hardly so terrible to peaceable citizens as another class of lufflans. ll was a favorite amusement of disso- lute young gentlemen to swagger by night about the town, breaking windows, upseltincf sedans, beating (|uiet nu'U, and olTering rude care.s.ses lo pretty women. .Several dynasties of these tyrants had, since the Ilcsloration, dondneercd over the streets. Tile Muns and Tityre Tus hail given |ilace to the Hectors, and the Hectors had been reccnily succeeded by the SciMirers, At a later |)eriod arose the Nicker, the Hawcid)ite, and the yet more dreaded name of Mohauk. — M.viAi - i,.\v"s Hist., eh. ;i. p. Jioti, 5355. STREETS, Filthy, liiiim of ChnvliK U. The drainage was .so bad, that in rainy vvcather the giillers soon became Idrrciits ; , , , black riv- ulets roared down Snow Hill and l.udgate Hill, bearing to l'''lc( t Dilcli a \asi trilmtc of animal and vcLiclable tilth from the stalls of butchers and green grocers, I'his tlood was jirofusely thrown to right and left by coaches and carts. To keep as far from the carriage road as possi- ble was therefore the wish of e\ery pedestria;'. Tlu^ mild and timid gave the wall ; the bold and athletic took it. If two royslerers niet, tiny cocked their hats in each other's f;ices and i)iisli- ed each other about till tlu! weaker was slh>ved toward the kennel. H he was a mere bully, Ik; sneaked olT, muttering that he should lind a lime; if he was pugnacious, llu! eneonnler i)robably ended in a duel behind ^Montague House. — M.v cai:i,.\y's En(i., di. ;>, p. IW."). 535(i. STRENGTH, Consciousness of, Mi\roii- (hr. |.\t d;;ybreak he was asleep.) I'arnie- ni'>, having at last awakened hiiu, and seem- ing surprised to lind him in so calm and sweet a sleep, just as he was going to light a bat- tle, in whicli his whole fortune lay at stake: "How is it ])ossible," .said Alexander, " for US not lo be calm since tlu; enemy is coming lo de- liver himself into our hands V" Inunediately he took up his arms »noiinted Ids horse, and rode up and down the anks, exhorting the troops to inaintain, and, i: possible, to surpass, tjicir an- cient fa.ni^ and the glory they had hilhci'to ac- (pdred. Soldiers, on the day of battle, imagine they seivlhe fate of the engagement ]iainted in the face of their general. A'< for Alc.\;uider, he had never appearnl so c.-dni, so gay, nor .so res- I'l'dt; Till! serenity and .securily which they observed in him were in a maimer so many as- surances of the viclorv. There was a great dif- ference between the Uvo armies Willi resjiect lo nuinbers, imt niucli more so with rei,r;ir(l to cour- age. That of Darius consisted at lea>l of (iOO, ()()() fool and -1(1,1100 horse, and the othci of no more than 40.000 foot and T0t)0orM000 horse ; but the latter was all tire and strength ; whereas, on the side of ihe Persians, it was a prodigious assem- blage of men, not of soldiers ; an empty ]ihaii- lom rather than a re:d army. [Darius wistle- feated,]— Hoi, 1. UN's Hisr., iJook lo, < 8. 5357. STRENGTH by Piety. CniiiHrdl. Charles II. tied in hopeless disolatioii to France, toexist as the pensiored jiauper of the French king, Tho royal power was now fairly beaten down in Eng- land, Lit the malignan', sneercr, who has no words but commonplace abuse to bestow upon the great English hero, atiempt to realize! what the land would have been, must have been, with- out him, rent in factions, almost all eipially strong. An army then without a leader, dreamy speculators determined to impose their theories G30 sTHEXfrm-sTrvrooLE. .•^ m ill i m ;.' i ;m upon llii' kiiii^doin, mid mo inlli'i ii|)()t) tlic land the iiiiM'i'ic's (if iuiarch}', iinIii IIic Frcncli rcvolu- lidii ; III' I lie lioirors (if pcisccuiidii, ns in ISosldii iiiid llic New iMii^'liind SliiIcs. ( rdiiiwcll was llic |iducr lai^icd up liy I'roN idciicc Id sue Kn;;- !and lidni lliis. Never in liie liislory of the world liad a man a more dillicnll lasii to |)ertorm ; ImiI lie pert'orilie(l it, lieea'lse lie lii'dllj;'lit Id llie lasU, in aiidllidii to the ladsl remarkaliie eoml)i- nalidii III' mental nMjiosites ever assemliled to- uitlier in one man — loniiimj; a soii ol' m\tliie persoiiaiic, and remindini^ iisol' Tlieseiis or llei- eiiles—in addition to tliese, we say. lie hron^lil jiiety of the suliliinesi order, and sinnieness of jiiiriidse lofty as that of a I'eliiew prophet, lint con joined to ,i lari;'eiiess of toleration for all re- liirions dilfer nces, for which we know not where to tiiid a parallel. — ll()()i)> Ciio.M wi;i,i,, eh. \'i, 1 1, k;:!. 5:ir»«*. STRENGTH, Physical, /^it/,, mf IWs- iilciit ,/iJt'i i:-«iii. 'I'liis I'eler .lelfersoii was a ^dalit in stature and streni;tli. Jt is said of liiiii. that lie eoiild lift fi'om their sides in an uprii,dil ])o sition two hotrslieads of loliaeco at once, e;ieh of :i thousand ]iouiids' wei'ihl — ('V( l.c'i ui a of Jiloo., p. ;U(J. r>',l!iii. ■ . W.iKldiiijInii. The jiower of Washiiiiiton's arm was displayed in several iiiemorahle ii' ;taiiees ; in I's throwinir a stone from the lied of the stream to the toj) of the \al- iiral liridire ; another . . . across the IJappa- liamiock, at Fre(leri( ksliurir. . . . Numliers lia\c since tried this feat, hut none Innc t leared the ^vater. — t'lsris' Wasiiincton, \o1. 1, ch. 2."). 53(iO. STRIFE, Choice in. h'ncii/rs or (7iil- ihrn. '("he ;i:eneral voice of the kinirdum of Krane<' was now for jieace ; and the once liaui;h- ty Ldui.s [XIV.], now miserably liiunhleii, sent his minister to neijjotiatc in nerson at the Haj;ue, where he met with the nidsl niortifyiiii,' tn t- iiient frf)m Marll)(>r()Uii,li, Euiteiie, and tlieirrand jiensionary lleiiisius. They (kmanded luithiii:, less, as a condition of peace, tliiui that the kinu; of France should undertake, at his own chari.'-es, to dethrone his irrandsoii I'hilip, and even lim- ited him to the space of two neinlhs for the ful- lillinir of this eondiiidii. The spiiit of ti'C aiied Eouis broke out into the most just indiu^na- lioii at this inhuman and dishonoraltle iirojiosal. "Since," says he, " 1 must die tiijhtinij:, it shall b(,' with I line enemies, and not with my chil- dren." Il(! i're[)are(l, tlieref.ire, for a resobile continuance.' of that war which was only to in- volve Jiim in fresh misiortunes. | War with iMiirland. J— Tvri. toil's ilisr., Ilnok (i, eh. ;if, 1). 4()T. 5:i« I. STRIFE, Conjugal. I!,r<,„i-ilinll>iii. Tlie ancient worship of the Jtonums alforded a jie- c\iliiir tidddess to hear and reconcile the com- ])liiints df a married life ; but her epithet df ]'ir- ipliicii, the a]i|)e;iser of husbands, tof) clearly in- dicates on wliich side suliinission and repentance are always expected — tiiiiHONs Komi-;, ch. 44, J). 349. 5;i62. STRIFE, Family. Ahomiiiahlc. It be- in^ the seiisdii when the pilifiinuif^e attracted to Mjccii the Arabs from all jtarts of the desert, they agreed to post themselves ui)oii the route, to the cud of warninir the pilgrims against the novelties 'vliieli a jireleiidcd pro])liet, a nephew of Aboiitaleb, was dis.semiiuUiiig as a .schism in the Kaaba. " Let us also," they deliberated, " be agreed, before leaving the city, upon what We shall s.'iy .sep.uiitely to the ]iilgrims, so thai there may be no discrepaney between our sever- al reiiresentati'iiis. ' " Will we say that he is ;i di\ iiier '.' NO, ior he has neither the convulsive and incoherent accent, nor the language full of all'ected consonances of the disincrs. Shall we say that he is a madman V ISut his entire exterior insiiires dignity and relleclion. Shall we say lie is a poel ? IJiit he does not express hiiii--elf in \('i.s(. Shall we say, in line, thai he is a wizard '! Ihit he does not work nura- cles ; he |)raclises none of the mysteries of mag ie ; his sole magic lies in the eloinieiiee and the jieisuasidn of his lips. Let us .say, then, thai lie is .a jiublic enemy, wlio, by his arlilices, .sows disunion anidiig families, who poisons the alTec tions, who severs brother from brother, son froiii fiither, wife from liusband."— JiAMAifriNifs TntKi'V. 5:i«;i. STRIFE, Premature. Ilislu,), liNri,(t. rile wa:. the private chaplain of the w ife df Will- iam, I'rinee of Orange. The English were con- sidering the (p!" ■' in of tilling the throne niaih' vacant by the tliglit of James II. to France b\ ci ,.ning William of Orange and making Mary only f(ueen cdiisort, thoiigli sshe was the dinigh- ter of the fugitive king.) Said the Imive and honest divine : " It would he unseendy i;i me to oiipose any i)laii which may have your (oiinle- iiance. I ther^'fore desire to be s('t free, that I nniy fight the \. 'vess' bailie with every t'acid- ty It. at (lod has given me." " I tiiink, doetoa-," .said William, with characteristic cdoliie.'s, "that you I ai' belter slay where you are. It will sure- ly be tiiiH! for ydu to (juil me when 1 do some- thingdf which vdu disapprove." In a few hours the ^\ leiiK- which had excited jjiirnefs resent- ment was entirely given ';p, and all tlio.se who c(>"si(lered .lames as no IdUger king A\'ere agreed as to ilie way in which lliethnme must be tilled. \\'illian' and Marv must be kiiu;' and oueen.— aiacai i.Av's EN(i.\ ch. 10, p. rm. 5:tOI. STRIFE, Responsibility for. JanKsIf. T!;e seve'iteeiith century has, in that unhaj)i)y '•ountry, left to the nineteenlh a fatal heritage of 1.;,. ligna.it passions. No amnesty for the mutual •.vrongs iMtlicled by the Sax(>i! defenders of Lon- donderry, and by \\w Celli, defenders of Lini- .•rick, hasexcr been granted from the heart by either race. To this day a more than Sjiartan haughtiness alloys the many noble (jualitie.s which ch.iractcrizc! the children of the victors, while a lleldt feeling, coinpiainded of awe and hailed, is not too often discernible in the chil- dren of the van((uislie(l. Neither of the hostile e.'isles can justly be absol veil from blame ; bill tint chief blame is due to Iheshort sighted and head- slriiiig ])rince |.Iames 11.] who, placed in a situ- atidii in wliich he might lia'e reconciled them, emiiloyetl all his jiower to inllanie their animos- ity, and at length forced them to close in a. graji- jile fdr lifeand death. — .M.vcai i..\v's Eno., cli. (J, p. 117. .'>;M»5. STRUGGLE, Fierce. l' niell on hoaiil the licet of .loiies ;i()l) were either killed or wounded. — KiDi'vrii's I'. S , cli. fv,', 5:j«0. STRUGGLE, Hopeless. /l.i//f> nf i;-,,!. I rii'kxhiivij. N'i.u'iit c.iinc and elided the useless carna^^e. (Jeneral Buinside would have re- newed the battle, hut his division eominanders tinally dissuaded him, and on the iii;rlit of this loth [of December] the Federal army was si- lently withdrasvn across the Kappahaiinoek. The I'liion losses in this tcrilile conllict amounted to MOO killed, 9100 woundtMl, and 1().")(> jirisoiiers and missinj^. The Confederates lost in killed ri!)."), 4001 wounded, und ()•">;< niissinir and pris- oners. Of all the important movemenls of the war, only that of Freilerieksburf^ \\as under- taken with HO i>robability of success. Inder the plan of the battle — if jilaii it niijilil be called — nothing; could be reasonably e.\|H'eted but re]uilse, rout, and ruin. Thus, in ^joor.i and disaster In the Federal cause, ended llie ^^reat cainpaiL-Mi of 18IJ2.— UiDi'.vTii's IJ. S., eh. 04, p. ."JlO. 5367. STUDENT, Belated. Chiirlniui'jne. The literary merits of CliarlemaLrne are attested by the foundation of schools, the infoduction of arts, the work.s whicli were l)ubli^hed in his name, and his familiar '■onnection with the sub- jects and slraiu^ers wlioiit he invited to his court to (tdueate both the prince and people. His own studies were tardy, laborious, and imperfecl ; if he s[)oke J..atin and uiulerstDud Greek, lie de- rived the rudiments of knowledire from conver- sation rather than from books ; and in his ma- ture ai^e lh(! cni])eror strove to aciiuire the jiractice of wrilinii, which every [leasant now iearn.s in 'nis infancv. — OinnoNs Ko.mk, cii. tO, p. 47. 5::tf§. STUDENT, A royal. CIki rluii,t(i(i,\ Cliar- lemaf;'ne \'as an indefatiLftible student; and thi; im])uls(' of his jiersonal example, ])atronaLre, and superintendence ])rodueed elTccts which, considerin;,' tlu! circumstances of the times, are truly Wonderful, and redound to his eternal honor. History ])resents to us few inon^ strik- inj^ spectacles than that of tlie i^reat monarch of the \Vest, surrounded by tlii! (irinces and jiriii- <'e.sses of his family and the chief personaires of his brilliant court, all content to sit as learners at the feet of their An^lo-Sa.xon preceptor Al- cuin in the "school of the palaci;" ut Ai.xla- (,'hapellc. — SruDHNTs' Fu.vmk, eh. 5, jS 10, p. 73. 5369. STUDENTS, Folly of. (Inlihtnith. On one occasion we tiiid him implicated in an affair that came nigh producing his expulsion. A re- port wa.s brought to (allege that a scholar was in the hands of the bailiffs. This was an iiiMilt in which every gownsman felt himself iiivnheil, A number of the scholars Hew to aii: . ,:;iil sallied fortli to battle, lieaded l)v a harebrained fellow nicknamed (lallows W'alsh, noted fur his aptness at mischief and fondne»4 for riot. Th(^ stronghold of the bailitf was carried by storm, the scholar .set at liberty, and the deliii- ipient catchpole borne olT captive to the college, where, having no jiumi) to put him under, ttiey satistied the demands of collegiate law liy duck iiiL.' him in aii old cistern. Flushed with this signal victory, Oallows Walsh now h.irangued his followers, and proposed to break open .New - gate, or the Hlack I )og, as the inison was called, and elVect a gener.d jail delivery. He was an- swered by shouts of concurrence, and away went the throng of madeap youngsters, iully bent upon putting an end to the tyranny of law. They were joined by the mob of the city, and made an attack upon the jirison with true Irish [irecipitation and thoimhtlessness, never having provided themsehes with cannon to batter its stone walls. .V few shots from tlii! prison liroughl them to ilieir senses, and they lieat a hasty retreat, two of the townsmen being killed and several wounded. — InviMi's GoLUs.Mnn, ch. 2, p. 24. 5370. STUDIES, Ancient. /.'< /'/// ';/" Thonhivir. IHoelhius was :iii honored scholar.] For the bcnelil of his Latin readers, his genius ^ubmitted to teach the first elements of the arts and sci- ences of (ireece. The geometry of Kuelid, the music; of I'ythagoras, the arithnietic of >,'iconi- achus, the' mechanics of Arcliimedes, the as- Ironomv of Ftoleniy, tlu; theology of I'lato, and the logic of .\risi itte, with the commentary of Forphyry, were translated and illustrated by the indefatigable ])eii of the Uoman senator. And he alone was esteemed capabh'of describing the wontlers of art. a sun-dial, a water flock, or a sjihere which re|ircs(nted the motions of the lilanets. . . . Such con-pieuous merit w;is fell and rewarded by a lisi lining i)rince ; the dig- nity of Boi'lhius was adoiiied with the titles of consul and |)atriciaii, and his talents wvw u.se- fully emjiloyed in the im|ii)rl:int st.ation of mas- ter of tlie ollices. — (llluioN s Ko.Mi:, ch. ;!U, p. :{:i. 5:jri. STUDY, Devoted to. //c^ ./,//; ,>„/,. Upon the complelinii of his college (ouim'. he studied law for live years, wiih an a'-siduiiy mo.st unusual in the heir to a good estate. He had a clock in his bi'droom, and his \\\\v. in summer was to get up as soon as he could see the hands, and in winter he rose uniformly at live. Including the time |ia--sed in music and reading, lie usually siicnt fourteen hours of every day at his studies ; three of which, he tells us, were sometimes spent in iiraclising on the violin. There has .seldom been a young man of fortune who lived more jaircly than he. He neither practised the vices nor indulged the liassions of his class in the Virginia of thai daj'. He never quarrelled ; he never gambled. His mouth was innocent of tobacco. He never drank to excess. — Cvci.orKDi.v of Biuo., p. ;i47. 5372. . PrcHuknt Madisoji. Of all the public men who have figured in jiublic life in the United States, he was the most studious and thoughtful. The eldc'St .soii of a rich Vir- ginia planter, he was yet .so devoted to the ac- quisition of knowledge that, for months together at i'rineeion ('ollei^'-e, he allowed him.self but r,:!s STUDY— sriUlGATIOX. Ilircc liours' sleep out of ttie tweiily futir an excess wliich iiijiireil liis lietillli for all llie rest of !iis life. He iip|)e!ire(l to live wholly in tlie world of ideas, Diiiiiel Welisler reckoned liin> liie idilest expounder of the Conslitiition, and Tlioinas .lelTcrsoii pronounced him the liest head ill Virj^inia. Without l)ein;j: a hrilliant ora lor, he WHS an excellent ari.nunentative speaker, and always conciliated the feelinirs of his oppo nents liy the i;entlen more years of sclf-ediication, added lo the seven ye:>"sof acadciiucal residence, were not ton much for the meditation of projects such as Milton was already coiucivinir. Years many more tlian twelve, tilled witli isynxi events anil distract iiiijj interests, wen; lo ])ass over before tli(! liody and shape of " I'aradise Lost" -was i;iven to these iuiaLrininjrs. — Pattiso.n's 3Iii.- •roN, eh. 2. 5:jr.|. . John Milton. Until he was Ihirty-one John Milton was ii student, and noth- iiii; hut a student ; lirst, at home, at his fa- ther's side; next at u jrreal fjondoii frrununar- scliool ; then at C'ambridi^e I'luversity ; after- ward at wis fath(!r's house in the country ; and linally in foreij^ii countries. Durini; all this long period of )irei)arntion he was 11 nuist diliirent. <:irnest, and intense stuchint. He was jjrobahly the best Latin s^cholarthat ever lived who was not a native Roman of Cicero's day. — Cyci.(j- fKDI.V OK Ul()(J., p. 1G8. 5375. . Niijwlion I [His entire early life was devoted to intense study. When iweuty-lwo yeans oi age he was promoted to a tirst lieutenancy, and visited his native land on furlougli.] Upon returning to the lionu; of Ids «'liil(ihoo(l, to spend a few months in rural leisure, the first object of Ids attention was to jivepare lor Idniself a study, where he could be secluded from all interru])tion. For this jiurpose he se- lected a room in the attic of the house ... he l)assed days and nights of the most incessant mental toil, He sought no recreat'on ; he sel- dom went out ; he seldom saw anj, company. — .Vhuott's Nai'()i.i;<)N B., vol. 1, cii. J. 5376. STUPIDITY, Hopeless. liei;jn. of Janus If. [The invasion of England by William of < )range was welcomed by conspicuous men who deserted .James 1 1.] The imi)enetrable stujjidity of I'rince (jieorgi^ served his \\i:\\ on this oeca- .sioii better than cunning wo\;ld have done. It was his habit, when any n( ws was told him, to exclaim in French, " Fst-il p,')ssd)le ?" "Is it |M)ssibleV" This catchword W!'s now of gre.it use to him. " Est-il jjossilile V" \\:. cried, when lie had been made to understand thtii C'hurchid and Grafton [.lames' generals] Acre nussiuij:. And wIk.'U the ill tidings came from Warminster he a.gain ejaculated, " Est-i! jiossible '. ' . . . I'rince (ieorge and Ormond were invited to su]) with the king m Andover. The meal niust have been a sad one. The king was overwhelmed by his misfortunes. His son-in-law was the dullest of comiianions. " I have tried Prince George ^obe^," siuil Charles II., ' iuid I have tried him drunk ; and, drunk or sober, there is nothing in him." Ormond, who was llirough life laciturii and bashful, was not likely to be in high spirits at such a moment. At length the repast ter- nunated. 'i'lie king retired to rest. Horses were in waiting for the princiMUid Ormond, who, as soon as tiiey left the table moiuited and rodi; olT. I They deserted to the king's enemy.]— Mac.\l- i.av'h En(i., eh. 1), p. 477. 5:877. STYLE, Adaptation of. LulJirr. I would ha\c such a tra-.slalion as would de-,."ve to be read by all Christians, for I hoi)(>wi3 woidd be able to present to Germany a betti^r transla- tion than isthe Latin version. It is a great work, and worthy of our united labors, since it ought. everywiK're to be foimd and to conduiH) to tin? general welfiucMif the peoi)le. In two months liUlher had completed the translation of this New Testament. "I translated not oidy St. .lohn's (Jospel," says Luther, " but the entire New Testament, while I was in Fatmos fhi.H place of concealTnciit]. And now I'hilip (Nle- ianchthon) and I Iiave begiui lo polish it oiT, and with (Jod's help it will be a fine i)iec(! of work. I'^or my fellow-Gcrmaris was I born, and them will I serve !" And in order that Ik; nnght do this right well, Ik^ (juestioned the mother at home, the children in the streets, and tlu! com- mon laborer in the market. The terms of ooiu't .and ])idacehe could not use, sailantingthe Protestant, religion.] The Englishman . . . kiu'w that great numbers of Irish had repeatedly fled before a small Eng- lish force, iuid that the whole Irish population liad been held down by a small English colony ; and he very compiacently inferred that he was naturally a being of a higher order than the Irishman ; for it is thus that a dominant race al- ways explains its ascendency tmd excuses its tyrimny. That in vivacnty, humor, and elo- quence the Irish stand high among the nations of the world, is now universally acknowledged. That, when well disciplined, they are excellent soldiers, has been jiroved on a hundred fields of battle ; yet it is certain that, a century and a half ago, they were generally despised in our island as both a stupid and a cowardly peoi)le. And these; were the men wlio were to hokl England down by main force while her civil and ecclesi- as'ical constitution was destroyed. The blood of the whole nation boiled at the thought. — JSIacailav's Eng., ch. 9, p. 394. 5379. SUBJUGATION, Oppressive. Muhomet ]T. ih,' (Ircdt. Th(! (ireeks remained under the douiniou of the grand signior in a state of op- pre.-sion little short of slavery ; they were suf- fered, however, to retain their religion and their laws. They were allowed, paying a small trib- ute, to e rr.y on a little commerce and {cultivate their lands. The j atriarch's revenue's must, at least, have been considerable, a.s Ih ; ,>; <■'■ 1' installation, no less than 8()()() .l.io'r , r^.e iijif to the exche(|uer of tlu; grim i ■ ; . .li •:• ind in. other to the otlicers of the P.)ite. '1 . i;reit' -' subj(;ctioii the Greeks 1 .n^ been »' U' .' « J '» ri(i-jjim»«u? SUBLIMITY— SUCCESS. 030 the tribiito of cliildnMi. pAcry fnllicr lias been <(iinp«'ll('(l to give one of his sons to serve iiiMoii;^ the jaiii/.iirie.s or in liie serii;^lio, or to )my ii sum for his riinsoiii. — 'rvn.i.itH llisr,, Mooli 0, rli. i:{, p. 211. mtno. SUBLIMITY, Influence of. J'i/rL E. Cinudi, vol. 1, p. If.VL 5;W:». SUBSTITUTE, A happy, h rxrrution. (^ueen Mary, having dealt .severely with tlu! I'rotestants in England, aboiif 1 lit! latter eiitl t)f her reign signetl a commission for to take Iho .same course with them in Jrelaiul ; and It) oxe- ente the same with greater ft)rce, she ntiminates Dr. Cole t)nt! of the ctimmissioners. This dt)t!- tor coming with tht; commissitm to Chester, t>n his journey, the mayor tif that city, hearing that her Majesty was sentling a me.s.senger into Ire- laiitl, and lit! being a churchman, waileil t)n tlit; tloclor, who, in tlisct)iir.se with the mayor, takelh out of a cloak-bag a leather box, saying untt) him, " lieri! is a commission that will lash Ihi; heretics of Irelantl " (calling the Protestants by that title). Tilt! gootl woman tif the house, being Well alTectetl to tliti Protestant religion, anil also ha\ing a brother, nameil,lt)hn Etlmoiuls, t)f tiie same, then a citizen in Dublin, was much trou- bled at the tloctor's wonls ; but watching her ctinvenient time, while thi! mayor took his leave anil the tloctor eomplimenteil him tlown-stairs, she opens the box, takes the commission out, and ]>laces in lieu theretif a sheet of paper with a i)ack of cartls wrappeil ui> therein, the knavt! of clubs being faceil upiiermost. The tl()ett)r coming up to his chamber, sus])cctiiig notliing of what had been tlone, put up thi! box as for- merly. Tilt! next tlay, going to the watcr-siile, wi:;d and weather .serving him, he sails towartl Irelantl. . . . He i)resents the box unto the lt)ril tleputy, who cau.sing it to be t)peneil, that the secretary might reaii the commission, there was nothing save a pack of cartls, with the knave of chilis upiiermost ; which not tiiily startletl tlit* lortl tleputy anil otmncil, but the tloclor, who assuretl them he hati a commission, but knew nt)t how it was gone. Tht!n tht! lortl-tleputy matle answer, " Let us have another ct)mnii.ssit)ii, intl wewillshuflle the cartls in the mean while." The doctt)r, being troubletl in his ininil, went awav, anil returneil into Englantl. — Tvti.eu's Hist., Book 0, ch. 20, p. 30:5.^ 53§'l. SUCCESS, Changes by. ('i,liiiiil>n.'<. One can hartlly recognize! in the intliviilual thus matli! the companion of princes, antl the tlirme t)f gen- eral wonder antl admiration, tht! same ob.scnn! sirange'r wlit) but a short time beftiri: hail bt!en a ctimmon scoff antl jest in this very ctiurt, tle- rieleel by semff as an adventurer, anel pe(intt:il at by eithers as a maelman. The)se w he) liael treatetl him with contumely tluring his long course of st)licitation ne)w sought tt) clTact! the remem- brance t)f it by atlulatie)ns. Every tine wlit) hatl given him ,'V little colel countenance eir a ft!vv ct)urtly smiles now arrogaliel te) liimse'lf Ihei creilit of having beeii a ]ialroii anel eif having l)re)mt)te'el the tlisce)very of the New \Vorld. — luviNei's COM.MIUS, lJoe)k .'), ill. 7. 5!{S5. SUCCESS, Dangerous, liirdlry. It wa.s in 181!5, when, in consequence of the presence! of two large armies, a malignant ty])hus fever v.iged, and the sick became so numerous that it was necessary to diviile them among the citj- l^hysicians. Seventy-three cases fell to the share of Dr. Hahnemann, iill of who. 'i he treated on the homtecpaihic system, antl all of whom re- co\ercel, except, out! e)lel man. This ,«triking success, while it increa.-*ed the number of his dis- (;4o srccKss. * F'l (•i|il('S. iiilliiiiicil llic f\iry of liis cncmirs, niid lie cdiild not into IliL'sirccIs witlioiit Ix'iiii; hoot- ed at and iiisidlcd. ('o(np('ll('riiUze«rance ; but after enjoying his triumph a few days he found, to his dismay, that tlu; weakest acid, such as upple-.juice, orange-.juice, or vinegar and watei'. dropped upon his cloth, dissolved it into soil li'um ai;ain. — ('v(i.ui'i;i>i a ofJjKk;., p. 217. 3:iS9. SUCCESS deserved, Jioijamiii Frnnk- !iti in I'liihahliihiii . ( )n the deei) foundations of sobriety, frugality, and industry the young [run- away] journeyman |s<'venlecn years old] built his fortuiu'sand his fame ; and be soon (-ame to have a printing ( nice of his own. Toiling early and late, with his own hands he set types and worked at the press ; with his own hands he would trun- dle to tlKM)tIice in a wheelbarrow the reams of pajter which he was to use. His ingenuity was such that lie could form letters, make types and woodcuts, and engrave vignettes in copper. The assembly of Peiin.sj'lvania respected his merit, and chose liim its printer. — Hanchokt's U. S., vol. ;j, ch, a:j. 5390. SUCCESS, Disaster a, Qiicci Anne's Wtir. A.n. 1711. [An English sfpiadron, under Sir llovenden "Walker, ascended the St, Law- rence to Jitliuk (Quebec. 15y his iiu'onipctency and obstinacy] eight ships had been wrecked and ciglit hundred and eighty four men drowned. A council of war voted unanimouslv tliat it was impossible to proceed. " Hail we arrived safe a I (Quebec," wrote the admiral. " ten or twelve llioii- sand men must havt; been i to perisii of cold and hunger ; by the loss part, Providence; saved all the rest !" and he ev ''icd public hoiiors for his successful retreat, wluc I, to him seemed as glorious as a victory. — 15am kokt's L'. S., vol. ;(, ch. •,'!, .Wft I. SUCCESS by Duplicity. f.oiiUXl. lb- was a consummali' master of the arts of dissimu- lation and duplicity ; he made it tiK! main busi- ness of his life to overreacli and circumvent others, and accounted successful fraud thi' most eonsiiicuous proof of talent. Where his ]irede- cessors would ha\'e employed \ iolence, Louis trusted to cajolery, corruption, and pertidy. lb; understood lo perfection how to play oil' om; class of interest against another ; how to .scatter the seeds of division and estrangement so as to prolit afterward by the, di.seord he had foment- ed. Louis reali/,e(l his objects as ii sovereign by sacriliciiig without .scrupk; all his obligations as a man. — SriDKNTs' Fuanck, ch. 1~, 5i 1. S.TO'i. SUCCESS, Encouraging. Jhdtl, „f Tirn- (on. About the 211th of December the weather beeaiiK' very cold, and by the evening of the ^'itli the river was tilled with lloating ice. . . . Wash- ington's division succeeded in getting over, but the passage was delayed till three o'clock in tin; morniiii' All hooe of reaching Trenton before daybreak wr.s at an end ; but Washington, be- lieving that tilt! Hessians would sleep late after their revels, divided his army into twocolumns, and pres.se, I for,\ trd. One division, led by Sul liviin, passed down the river to attack the town on 1 he west ; the other, commanded by Washing- ton and (ireciie. made a circuit to the Princeton road The movement was entirely successful. Nearly a thon.sand of the dreaded Hessians threw down Iheirarni- and begged for mercy. JJefore nightfall Washington, with his victorious men and the whole body of captives, Avas .safe on the othei' side of the Helaware. The battle of Tren- ton loured the nation from despondency. Coiill deuce in the commander and liopein the ultima tc sincessof the American cause wen! evei'y where rt'vived. KiDi'.v Ill's I'. S,, c! "', p. IJU!. aiift'-t. SUCCESS, Fortunate. lioiimn Mmperor Umidriiis, The remainder of the reign of ilo- noi'ius was undisturbed by rebellion ; and it may be observed that, in the sjiace of five years, seven usiu'pers had yielded lo the fortune of a prince, who was himself inca])able either of counsel or of action. — OiunoNs Ho.mi:, ch. ol, p. 807. 5:i9-l. SUCCESS, Genius for. Frakiirk thf (irtdt. The net seemed to have closed eom])lete- ly r(juiid him. The Kussians were in the lield, ami were spreading devastation through his eastern provinces. Silesia was overrun by tin; .Vustrians. A great French army was advancing from the west under the comniaiul of Marshal Soubise, a [iriiice of the great Armorican houst; of Uolian. Berlin itself had been taken and pluiidcreil by the Croetians. Such was the sit- uation from which Frederick extricated himself, widi daz/.lin,^' .gloiy. in the sliort space of thirt.V days, [lie (leb'ated the French November.'). and the Austrians on Decembei 5. | — Macai- I.AV's FnKOKKICli. TIIK GUKAT, p. 9'7. HICCESS. 041 A39A. SUCCESS by Oentlenaii. Mimomirici*. i)\\ li low island of hiirrcii ffnciss-rock otT (lie west coiust of iScollimd lui Frisli refuv:*'*', Colmii- lia. had raisc^d the fatuous niissioii-Hlatioti of lona. It. was williiii its walls that Oswald in yoiilli found rcfuj^(!, and on his ucccssion to the throne of Northmnhria liu called for missionaries from anion;; its monks. The first preacher sent in nnswer to his call ohtained lillli^ success, lie rieclarcd on his return that amonur a people so htnbhorn and harharoiis as tlu^ Northumhrian folk Hu<;c(!.s.s was impossilile. " Was it their Mtul)l)ornlu^ss or your severity ?" asked Aidan, a lirotiier sitting hy ; " did you for>;et (Jod's word to jrive them tho milk (irst and then the meat V" Al! eyes turned on tlu; speaker as fittest to iin- derl:kke tlu! abandoned mission, and Aidan, sail- jni; at their hiddiiiir, fixed his bishop's see in the island [teninsula of Lindisfarne. 'IMience, from a monastery which pive to this spot ilsafler name of Holy Island, preachers poured forth over the iicathm realms, [lie had great succor. | — lltsr. oi<' Enu. 1'i;oi'i,i;, 5^ 50. ftJUMt. SUCCESS vs. HappinesB. <'i/rii.i. Cyrus wanted this kind of tjlory. He him>elf informs (IS, that duriiit; the wliole course of his life, Avhich was |)re1ty lonu;, the happiness of it was ne\'cr interruiited bv any unforlunale accident; and that in all his (Icsiirns the success had an- swered his utmost expectation. Hut heac(|uaints us at th(! same tinu! with another thintc almost incredibl(\ and w hich was the source of all that moderation and (!veiuiess of temjicr so conspicu- ous in him, and for which lie can never be sulli- cieiitly admired— namely, that in the midst of his uninterruiited jirosjierity he still ])reservcd in his heart a secn^t fear, proceedini; from the ap- ))reheiision of the changes and misfortunes that might happen ; and this prudent fear was not only a preservativ(! against insolence, Init even against inlem[)(;rate jo}'. — IkOi.i.t.s's III si'.. Honk 4, art. ;?, S ;5. 5397. SUCCESS, Jealousy of. ('ohnnhns. Co- liimfius sailed a second time, with a fleet of seven- teen ships, and returned after the discovery of the C'arili'iee Islands and of Jamaica. ]Jut his ^■neiiues, jealous of the reputation he had nc- "[iiired, laid prevailed on the court of Sjjain to iseiid along with his tle(,'t an olHcer, who, in the character of Justiciary might establish such rcg Illations in tlic new colonies as Avere most for the advantage of the S|)anish (tovernment This ■officer, on account of some ditTerences between Columbus and his soldiers, ]>Mt the admiral in irons on boani his own ship, and returned with liim a prisoner to Spain, Tlu; court, it is true, repaired this alTront in 1he best manner |>ossilile. — Tvn, Kit's Hist., Hook H, ch. 21, p. IJOo. aJWW. SUCCESS, Joys of. Cuhni.hiix. As he apppijicheil the shore, Columbus, who was dis- jMised forall kinds of agreeable iin[iressions was ilelight(Hl Willi the purity and suavity of the at- mosphere, the crystal transparency of the se;:, and the extraordinary beauty of the vegi'tation. lie beheld also fruits of an unknown kind U])on the trees which overhung the slicircs. On land- ing he threw himself on his knees, kissed the earth, and returned thanks to (Jod with tears of joy. His example was followed by the rest, who.se hearts indeed overllowed with the same iecJings of gratitude. . . . The fcelinL's of the (TOW now hurst forth in tlio most exiravagam transports. They had recentiv considennl them selves devoted men, hurrying forward todestruc lion ; they now looked upon them.selves as fa- vorites of fortune, and gave themselvcH up to thn most unbounded joy. 'I'hey thronged around the admiral with overllowing zeal, some embrac- ing him, others kissing his liands. Those who had been most mutinous and turbulent during the voyage were now most devoted and entliu- siaslic. — IiiviNo's Coi.f.Mius, Hook W, ch. 5. •5:100. SUCCESS, Lines of. (Inicnil Gntnt. [After lifleen years' military service he resigned ids commission, and became a farmer near St, Louis, I His farming did not seem to prosper much, for his ( rops were not enough to keep the farm going ; so he hauled wood in wint<'rto('a rondelet, and sold it by the cord. . . . Hut even this was not sullicient to su|>porl him comfort ably, and so he became collector of other peoples' debts. Hut he was such a poor hand at dun- ning . . . there ,s<'emed a very jioor lookout fiir him. [He succecdeiirsiie his fortune, and to enter Itome along with the fugitives, assuring him that in live days he might sup in the Cajiitol. It is not easy t(- conjecture what his reason was for not taking this step. Most jirobablv some deity opposed it, and therefore inspired him with this hesitation and timidity. On this account it was that a Carthaginian, named Harca, said to him, with sonu! heat, " Hannibal, you know how to gain a victory, but not how to use it. " — Pli;taiuii'k Faiui s Maxi.mis. 5101. SUCCESS a Necessity. Uerohition. The news of th<' ixecution of Louis XVf. was re ceived in Fran< c with awe; and terror, and ex- cited throughout P^urope an outcry of grief and indignation. Apart from its scandalous injustice and cruelty, tho crime was n garded, both at home and abroad, as an act of hostile defiance launched against all thrones and all establishe(l governmo'its ; it placed France in a position of universal aggression and antagonism, " There is no going back now," e.xclaiined [.lean Paul] Marat; "we must either prevail or perish!" And the anny sent a deputation to thank the Convention for having rcfluced themtoihe ucc^h- Ki'ti/oi coiKiucriiiL''. — Stidknts' Fkanck, cli. IT, .5102. SUCCESS overruled. Ahjnndrr. Ale.x- Miider/after having left i'atala, marched through the country of the OrilfO. . , . Here he was in such want of f)rovisioiis, that lie lost a gnat nuni her of soldiers, and brought back from Indi.'i scarce the ffairtli part of his armv, which had consi.stcd of lOO.OOO foot and io.OOO horse. Sickness, bad food, and the excessive heats had swept them away in multitudes ; but famine made a still greal<'r havor' among the troops in this barren ccaintry, which was neither iiloughed nor sowed, its inhabitants being savages, wIkj fared very hard, and led a most uncomfortable life. After they had eaten all the i)alm-tree roots that could be nu't with, they were obliged to feed upon tlie beasts of burden, and next upon their war horses ; and when lluy had no beasts 043 SUCCKHH. lA' «"■ HI. m' loft to rarry tlicir hiiffpiRo, tliry were forced to Itiirn tliosc licli hooIIm, for tlu; sake of wliicli tlic Maicdoiiiims liad run to llio cxlrcniitics of [\w. ••arlli. The pla^fiic, lli»( usual altciidaMt upon famine, coniiileted the ealamily of llie soldiers, and destroyed ^Teat mimhers of tliem. — IJoi,- j.in'h II18T., Hooli 1"), 5^ 17. AiOSI. SUCCESS by Ferieveranoe. Ikmontlir. ■iirx. The lirst essay of his elo(|Meiiee was a^^^aiii^i his guardians, wlioiu \\v. oi)li^ed to rel'und a part of his rortiiiie. lOneouraned hy this sue- '■ess, he ventured 'o s|)eak before llie people, l)Ul with very ill fortune. Me had a weak voice, an impediment in his speech, and a very short 'licalh ; notw ilhstandiiii; which, his periods were so lon^', that he was often ol)lii;-e(l to stop in ihe midst of them to take hreatii. This occasioned his heinir hissed hy th(! whoh; audience, from whence; he retired discourau:ed, and delcrndni'd to renounce forever a function of which he be- lieved himself inca|)al)le. <)n(! of his auditors, who, lhrou;;h ail these imperfections, had oli- served an excellent fund of ffeidus in him, and a kind of eJoiiia'nc(; wliich cam(! very near that of rcricics, H;ave liim new sjjirit from the f^ratc- ful idea of so i::lorious a resend)lance, and )ho good advice which la; added to it. lie vcntcred, tlierefore, to appear a second lime before the l)Oople, and was no better received than before. As la' witiidrew, hauirinj;; down his head, and in th(! utmost ciaifusion, Satyrus, on(^ of the most excellent actors of those times, who was his friend |trave liim encoura;jfeinent and advice). He stammci'ed to such a (lej^ree, that he coidd not i)ronounce some letters, anionic others tiiat with which Ihr' nam" of the art he studied be- gins ; and he w isso short-l)reathed that he could not utter a wlidle ])eriod without -i'i]ipin'/ lie at Iciiiilh overcanu' these olislacles by i>ultini;- small [)el)l)les into his iiioulh, uid iironouncinLr M!vera! verses in that mi. nner without interrup- tion ; and that even when walking, and going up steep and ditllcult plai ei ; so that, at last, no letter ni.aic him hesitate, and his biciilh held out through the longest ]ierio(ls. He went also to the seaside, and whili; the; waves were in the most violent agitati(jn he pronounced harangues, to accustom himself, by the cord'used noise of the waters, to Ihe roar of tla; jx'ople and Ihe tunuil- tuous erics of |)ubli(; assemblies. I)era)stlii'iies took no less care of his actions than of his voice. il(; had a largo looking-glass in his house, which .served to teach him gesture, and at which he used to declaim bcfon; he sjxike in public. 'Vo <'orrect a fault which la; had contracted by an ill liabit, of contiinially shrugging his sluadders, he i)raeti,sed standing upright in a kind of very narrow |)ulpit or rostrum, over which hung a lialbert, in such a manner that, if in the heat of action that motion escapc^d him, the point of the wea])on might serve; at (he same time to admon- ish anil correct him. — Hoi.lin's llisr.. Hook li!, 540-1. SUCCESS, Premature. Chitvhx (liMxhicin-. f oming to his shop one morning, an Irishm.an in his employ niet him at the door in high spirits, saying that h'j had found out the great secret and beaten a Yankee;, pointing to his trou.sers, which he had dipped into one of the barrels of .«;;ip. They were so nicely coated over with the jrli fining gum that for a moment Mr. Good- year thought that perhajis Jerry had blundered into the secret. The man sal down to his work on the top of a cask. On alleinpting to ri.se, 11 few ndnutes after, he feauid him.self glued to hirt seat, and his legs stuck tight together. He had to be cut out of his trousers, amid Ihe laugh- ter of Ihe bvslanders.— ('v< i.()i'ia)l.\ «)!•• llloo., p. VM7. ^KW. SUCCESS, Proof of. KU,ik ll>ir<\ .Ml the winter of INlt-l") .Mr. Howe W(* tluamh he laid a model before him. In April ho sewed a scam by his machine. Hy the iniildle of .May, li^i'i, 111' iiad completed his work. In luly he sewed by his machiii"' all the seams of two suits of woollen clothes — one suit for, Mr. Fisher anil the other for hiinscir, the sewing of both of which outlasted the (loth. — ( 'V( l.olM'JM \ oK Hioo., p. (iS'j. i>IO«. SUCCESS, Remarkable. Ci'-'l W>n\ l''roni the "Jtllh of .lune to the l^t of Deremlier [IHKIj (ii'iieral I'i'icc's army inarched over eight hundred miles (in .Missouri |, averaning 10, 1)00 men during the time. . . . They fouglil. live battles and at least thirty skirmishes. . . . Xot a week |>assed without I'ligagementsof soino sort. They st.irted wiihout a dollar, without n wagon or team, without a cartridge | having ritles, shotguns, etc. |, without a bayonet-gun. On the 1st of .Seiilember they had about eight thou- sand bayonet-guns, fifty ]iieccs of cannon, four lumilreil tents, . . . for nearly all of which they were indeliti'd to their own strong arms in batlh; and to the prodigality of the enemy. — l'oi.i..\iii)'s Kiiisr Vivvit oi' iiiK Wah, eh. 5, ji. IT):}. A407. . Goithfi. A man who, in I .irl V life, rising almost at a single bound into 111! iiighest re[)Ulalion over all Kuro|)c ; by grad- ual advances, tixing himself more; anil more! tirmly in the' reve're'iice of his eountrymi-n, as- cenels sile'iilly through nianv vie'issitueles to tin; siiiire'iiu' inlelle'ctual place' among thi'in ; and now, after half a e'entury, elistinguishe'el by eon- vidsions, polilie'al, moral, aiiel poe'tii-.d, still reigns, full of yciirs and honors, with a soft, im- ilispulid sway ; still l.iboriiig in his voc.ition, still forwarding, as with kingly bcnigniiy, vvhat- e've'r e'an ]irotit the; eultiiri uf his n.i/inn ; such a man niight .justly attraet our notiii', we're itonly by the singularity of his f'.riinii ('auivi.i;'s Goi'.TiiK, eh. 1. 540P. SUCCESS, Reputation by. l^(^•(////^'//«//. Whe'ii |Louisj Kossulh visiie'el the; loiiib eif Washington, he' stood sile'iit be'fore' it forse'veral minute's, ;nid the'iisaiel, as he turni'el to leave the; plaee', "How ni'e'evssary it is to be sueee.s.sful !' — Cvei.eu'KDi.v e)i'' Hiejei., p. IJOU. 5-I09. SUCCESS, Reputation by. Knt/lis/i Vnil rlic wliom nre happily niilt«!(l the (urvvi of a York- Mhlreiniiii willi tiic siiuvity of ii inuii of Kent or HuHMcx. — ('vci.oi'KiHA OK Hioo., p. :i()0. Alio. SUCCESS, Stepi to. />/-. Morton. I In tilt; (liscovcry of cllicr. | 'I'hc llioii^lil occtincil lo tin; yown;^ inuii one iliiy, tliitt ]i('rlmpH ii way ini;ilit !»<: (iiscovcrcd of Icswcniiij; liiiniiin scrisl- l)ilily to pitiii. lie liail not received it .scicnlillc ednculion, nor liail he more .icieiilllle knowle(l);'e llian an inlcllii^eiit. yoiin;^ niaii would naturaiiy posMcsM will) had pa.s>4eil Ihroiii^di tlie ordinary sejiools of a New l'iii;,dand town. Insleud of re- sorting; to lioolis, or eoiisiillin^ men of seleiice, lie liei^aii, from lime lo time, loexperiineiil with various well-known suhstanees, l-'irst lie tried draii^^hl.''. of wine and lirandy, sometimes to the inloxieiilioii of the piilieiit ; liiit iis soon as the instrument was applied, eonseioiisness revived, and Ion;; before the second tooth wiisoiil, the jm- lieiit, tlioii;ih not perfectly aware of what was ;;()in;; on, was roarin;; with iii;ony. lie tried laiidamim in doses of two hundred and three hundred drops, and opium in masses of ten ;j:raiiis, frcipieiilly renewing; the dose until the patient would Ik; in acondition truly deploralile. Dr. Morton records in his diary, that on one oc- casion h(' ^iiive a lady live hundred drops of lau- danum ill forty-live minutes, which did indeed lessen the |iain of Ih'! operation, hut it took her a wlioh- week lo recover from the cirects of the narcotic. — Cvci.oI'kdi.v oi'' Hioci., \). OJM. 51 1 1 . SUCCESS, Surprising, Uomous. I'l'lic first Punic war. | 'I hiis, the Homaiis, aftera war of tweiily-four years, henun under every disad- vaiita^fc, desiitiiteof liimnces, totally unprovided with a Heel, iiid, of course, i;;noraiit of naviita- lion, were, at leiiiilli, ahU; to prescrihe the most humilialimc terms to ( 'arthaire, the tirst iiiaritinu! power in liie «oild. — 'I'v riins llisi., Iliiiik II, ch. 9, p. ;];i. 5-112. SUCCESS vs. Tactics. .Wi/tohoi, /. [ After the battle of l.iidi| said an Austrian j^eiieiiil iii- dii^nantly :. . , " This beardliss boy oiiirht to have been heatcii over and ovi'r airaiii ; for w ho ever saw such tactics ! The blockhead knows nolliini; of the rules of war. To-da}' he is in our rear, to-morrow on our Hank, and the next day au:aiii in our front. Such ;!;ro.ss violations of the cstab lished principles of war arc insiiirerable." — An- jioTT's N-\r()i,i;oN B., vol. 1, ch. i). 5413. SUCCESS, Unenjoyed. JnHhs (' the wisdom and courage of miieh belter somi I eigiis, — .Macmlav's I'i.Mi., ch. 'J, p, (l.l, I 5II<(. SUCCESS, Well earned. Amlr.ir .1,1, „■ I Hon, On the day idler llie assassination of .Mr. I Lincoln, .\iidrew .lohiisoii took Ibeoalhof of- j lice, and became {'resident of the I'niled .Stales. I lie was a native of North Carolina, born in l!.i- Icidiouthe'-Mllhof December, IMON. Willi lioail i vaiilagcs of education, he jiassed his bo\ hood In ! poverty and ni'glect. In IH'^'li lie removed with his ' niolher to Tennessee, and settled at (iieeiiv ille. Here he was niarried to an intelligent lady, who taught him to wi'ite and ci|)lier. Hi re, by dint of native talent, force of will, and sireiiiilh of character, he llrst earned the applause of jiis b I- low-meii. — l.'ni'ATMs t'. S.,cli. (57, ]). ."ill 5117. SDiFERINOS, Unspeakable. Dr. .1/-.//. H(! was one of the eminent men ( iimniissioin-d by the government lo examine the prisoners of war whom .lelVersoii Davis had siaived and tort- ured at Andersoiiville, Salisbury, and Melle Ish'. On his return, he was asked whether the newspa- per reports of their condition were exaiigerateil. " .My dear boy," lie exclaimed, with horror de- jiicled on his countenance, "you can form no idea of the ]ioor, shrivelled, wasted victims. In the whole course of my surgical experience, iioi e\ce|)tiiig the most jiaiiiful oiierations on de- formed limbs, 1 have ne\-er sull'cred so ,,iuch in my life at the sii;ht of anything, I care not what It is. It unnerved me. I fell sick." This, re- member, was the testimony of a man who, for a period of sixty live years, had been in the eon slant habit of witnessing human siilTering in every form, who bad Urtd in the hospitals of the great cities, and who was a gentleman of un- impeachable veracity. —('v(i,oi'i;i>i.\ ok I'ido., p. \'\"l. 54: !*. SUFFRAGE, Perils of universal. /', I, r Slin/risidil . v.i). I(».")ll. I The eoliiiiislsdemand- edj •• that no new laws should be eiiacteil but witli the (uniseiil of the ])co]ile, that none shall be aii[)ointed to ollice but with the apiiidbation of the i)Co])le. ' . . . Stiiyvesant was taken by sur prise. He had . . . doubtsof man's caiiacily for self-government. . . . Hisrejily, . . . "Shall the peojile elect their own ollicrrs '.' If . . . the dec lion of magistrates Ik; left to the rabble, every mar. will vote for one of his lAvn stanij). The thief will vote for a thief, the sniiigglcT for a smuggler, and fraud and vice will become priv- ileged." — IJ.vncuoft's U. S., vol. 2, ch. I.'). 511». SUFFRAGE, Universal. Virtjinin. Vir- ginia was the lirst State in th^' world, composed of separate boroughs, diffu.sed over an extensive surface, where the government was organized on till' i)rincii)l(! of universal suffrage. All free- men, without exception, were entitled to vote. An attempt was once made to limit the right to lion.se-kec))ers ; but the public voice reproved the restriction ; tlu; very next ye.ir it wa.s decid(;d to be " hard, and unagreeable to reason, that U44 HLICIDK. 1 ■/ niiy iKTMoii hlioiilil puycrnial taxes, iiiiil yrl Imvn no votes ill fli'tlioiis ;" and tin- clcclonjl fnin- was rc'jtloretl. — HANruoKT'M I'. S., vol. 1, ell. (I. A 140. SUICIDE averted. \„ih,1>oii f. |IIc liiid liccii (lc;ri'a(l('(l in I'uiik nt'tcr iirrcsl i>ri fal.s<> cliarps. lit- soiii,dif. inililuiv crnploynicnt, unil wax M'l usido for IIk- favorites of tlic itoverii- nieiit, II(^ was iiiipoverislied. Iriiiiili iied, mid diHcoiiraiced. | rr;,'e(l hy animal iiistiiu t toes(a|ie ]iron|ieels so jjloomy, and from sorrows. I wan- dereil aloiii; the lianli. of tlie river, fei lini; tliat it was iinmanly to commit. Niii( ide. aixi yet im- idile to resist tie' temptation to (io so. In a lew more momeiit-i I slioiild liavi; tlirowii my>e|f into llie water, w lien I ran iij^aiiist an individual ili(,'s,sed like a simple iiieelianic. fit proved toiw ,1 former comrade in his artillery regiment.] lie iiad emi;rraled, and had returned lo France in , eh. 23. 5'l2:t. SUICIDE deterred. liaijovnn. Ahhott. [One of the most useful Methodist ministers dur- iii;;; his (."hristiaii "'fe was an e.\cee(lin>.fly wicked man in his pri'vio life, llelon^stru^fricd -v^jth an awakened conscience]. " .Satan sc^j^a'sted lo me that my day of uraee was over; tlien^fore I mii^ht jiray and cry, hut he was sure of me at last." In passiiiij thi'oui,di ti lonely wood iit iiifjlit he was templed to commit suicide ; but while iookiiiir for a suitahli! jilace forth(! deed. In was deterred liy an inward voi('e, which .said, " This torment is iiothini^ comiiared to hell." — Sri;- vi:nh' y[. E. Cm Hcu, vol. 1, j). ISIH. 5121. SUICIDE, Dyspeptic's. Mr. Bauielerk said [to Samuel ,lc)linson|: 3Ir. , who loved buttered inullins, but durst not eat them because they disai^rced with his stomach, resolved to shoot himself; and then he eat thi'ee buttered muilins for breakfast, befon; shootini:' him.self, knowin^jf that he should not betroubUd with iii- di.i^estion ; lie had two charf^ed pistols ; one was found lyinj^ charjred upon the table by him, after he had shcjt himself with the other. — Bos- WKi.i.'s Johnson, p, ^llO. 5425. SUICIDE, Escapu by. DtinoHthcufs. [llav- in.i,', in the downhill of (}reece, tied for t-.ww- tuary to the temple of Neiitunc. Soldiers came to arrest liiin. lie asked them to wait until he had sent his last mes.sa.s^c to his family.] Then he relJK I into the inner pari .>f the leniplo ; aiid takiiii; some papei, as if lie meant to wril4>, ho pMi liie pen in his mouth, and bit it ^i consider' able time, a.s he used to do when IhoUfrhlfii! about his (I ni|N)silion ; after which lie covered his hrail and jail it in k reclining posture. Tho soldiers who stood at the door, upiireheiidiii^ that he look these methods to |. d. ofT Ihe fulal stroke, laughed at him, and called him a coward. Arehias then ii|iproachiiig him desired him to ri^e, and began to repeal th«' promises of mukliig his iieaci! with Antipalei. Demosthenes, who by ihis time felt the operation of lh(! poison ho had taken strong ujion him, uncovered his face, jiml looking upon Arehias, " Now," said he, "you may act the part of Creoii in the play as soon iis you |)lease, and cast out Ihis carcu.ss of mine uiiburied. Kor my part, () gi.icious Ne|i- lune ! 1 (piit thy temple willi my breath within me. Hut .\nlipalerand the MaeedoniaiiM would not have scrupled to [irofaiie it with murder." 15y Ihis time he could scarcely stand, and there- fore desired tlieiii lo su|)port him. Jhit, in at- teinpling to walk out, befell by the altar, and expired with ag;-"an. — l'i.rT.\ucii. 5.|2«. SUICIDE, Gloriflcation of. Slolcimn. Its favoril, I heme was Ihe glorilieation of suicide, whieh wiser moralists hail severely reprobated, but which many Stoics belaudcci as the one sure refuge against oiipression and outrage. It wan a philosophy which was indeed able to la('erat(( lh( heart with a righteous indignation against the crimes and follies of mankind, but which vainly .'-trove to resist, and which .scarcely v\cn hoped t(jstcin, IIk; everswidling tide of vice and misery. For wretcbedne.ss it had no pity ; on vi( (• if looked wiih impotent disdain. — Fauuaii's Fahi.y Days, eh. 1, p. I). 5 127. SUICIDE, Mania for. Willlnm Cowprr. First he liought laudanum, and had g( mic out into the llelds with tlu^ iutention of swallowing it, wh"n Ihe lovcMd" life suggested another way of escaping the dreadful ordi ,>l. He might sell all he had, lly to France, change iiis religion, and bury him.self in a monastery, lie went hoiiutto pack up ; but while he was looking over his jKirt- manteau, his mood ch.iiiged, and he again re- solved on self-destruction. Taking a coach, he ordered the eo;u hman to drive to the Tower Wharf, intending to throw himself into the river. Hut the love of life once more interposed, under the giii.se of a low tide and a jiorter seateclon tlu! (piay. Again in tin; coach, and afterward in his chambers, he tried to swallow the laudanum ; but his hand was piiraly/.ed by " the convincing Spirit," aided by ,sca.sonabl(! inteiru])lion8 from Ihe presence of his laundress and her husband, and at length he threw tin laudanum away. On Ihe night before the day api)ointed for Ihe ex- amination before the Lords, he; lay .some time with Ihe ])oint of bis ])enkiiife jircssed against his heart, but without courage to drive it lioine. Lastly, he tried to hang himself ; and on Ihis oc- casion h(! .seems lo have been .saved not by the, love of life, or by want of re.solutinn, but by mereaccident. He had be( nine in.sensilile, when the garter by which he was suspended broke, and his fall brought in the laundress, who sup- posed him to be in a lit. lie sent her to a friend, to whom be related all that had i)as.sed. — Smith's Cowi'LIi, ch. 1. SIK IIM.-Sl PKKS'll HON. 1,1,-. AVjn. BUICIDE.PUiloMi no. .\firt,(i, I'liio. [("iiNiir Imd (IflVud'il ".•>• uriiiv of I'ltiiipcy iiiul Ciild near r lien | 'I'licsp.! ii-«()f Ills \\.i\\y vsi ic hut ('(|iim1 til liJH own, uiiiI vuiiui of Lis Iriciids ' riituiiiiif to liiiit u vviiili lor II (iiiicly ciiplliilii- lion. I iil'> ll vvitll Ills 11 Mlilh'lUH'r- I'liliicss, III- rciircd to his ii|, irtniciit, mill for ii •wliilr iircii|)ii'il liiiiiMiM ill pcriisiiiif I'liito's " I »iii- lo.'^l i|>. iiii'l iifli-r n short ri-- ;)o.s«!, inniilrjiiif wlicliicr his friends liail hiivcM lluMiis \es liy lli|;lil, mid liciii!^ Mssiiri'd lliiit • wiLS Well. Ill) ciilinly fell upon Idsswnnl. — 'I '^ i- i.Kii'H Hist., Ilook4,y hoili her hiishiind and her Iom r, and driven from Ik r fiitlior's Ik Pine, had drowned herself after a I rief Ntrui^^lc! with eircumstiince. However Slnlley may liiive felt that Ids . iiii.sciencn was free from Illume, how ever small an eleincnt of self reproach may Icivc minuled with liis prrief and horror, there IS no iloiihi that he siilTeii 1 most nciilely. His deepest jiroiiiid for remorse n'cms to have been the conviction that he hud driiwii Harriet into II sphere of thoii;4'lit and f( linir for which she was not (|u.'iliticd, and lliiil had it not heeii for lilin and his oiiinioiis, she miirhl have lived •a h.-ippy woiii:in in .some cninmon walk of life. < )nc of his l>iotjrapli( I -1 asserts that " Ik^ coii- liniKMl to l'(^ haiinliMl iiy certain recolleclioiis, partly rcnl ;iii(l partly iiuatfinative, which pursu- ed him ' .e an ()re.■^l(^."— •■sVMOMis' SlIKI.I.I.V, ch. 4. 5i:{0. SUMMER, Land of. .\ ./V,'. ('.iro/nm. In spite of l.ocUe'.s grand model and the Tii^- (••irorii w.ir. in spite of the ihrealeiicd Spanish iii'-asioii ' I 17(1, tlieiiiirtheni coliiiiy li.id tircM'ly piiispiii i 'riieillli llectllal devrlopiih lit of Ihe licoiile h.id not liri n iis rapid as ilic urnwih in iiiimhers and in wealth I.ilile aliiiilion li:id hccn ,L,M\( II to ([iicsiions III' M ' 1 ion. Thci' w.i-- no minister in the proviiH iinlil llii:!. 'I'wu years later the lirsL cliiin I, w.is Iniili. 'I'Ih lir~i court lioiise was erected in 17:2'^, and the piiiniiii: press did iiol lieijin its work until 17'>t, Uni the peojile wen; lirave and ])atrii)lic. 'I'Im y liAnl their counlry, and called ji Ij.e ■ Land of Sum mer. " In tiie farm house and the villaLje, alou:; the banks of the rivers and the Imniirs of the ]irinieval forests, (jh! spirit of lilurty jiervadcd every breast. 'The love of fi i duin was intense, and hostility lo t\ lanny a iii. \crsal jias'-i' ii. In till! times of Soihcl il was said of the North ("aroliiiians II, ii they would not ]iay tribiiti' ta/t lo ^'iMiH'.— Uii)i'.\'rii s r. S., ch. "-'7, p •2,!). 5I»I. SUMMONS, Exasperating. T/w. Blurh Prinre. The success of Henry of Trustaniara decided him to taki immediale action, and in 18(}'J he summoned ilie Black I'lini e, a.s Dukcof Aipiitaine, to meet the iijipeal of the Gascon lords in his court The prince w as maddened by the .summons. ' I will come," he i. plied, ' hi.t with helmet on head, and " ith sixty thon.sand uienntmy back." -Hist, oi IOng. Peoi'i^k, ^JiW. 5432. SUN, Worship of the. PiTs/aris. Tho Persians of every age have denied the iliarge, and explained Ih" cipiivocal c(>ndii(t. \\liicli iiiighl ap|M'ar to u>v c a color lo il The eh menls, iiinl more piirticiiliirly tire, light, and the huh, whom they called Milhra, were the objects of their reli' I'His revi eiice, liecau>c they coiisidcreil them as III' pun >i symbols, ihe nohlcsi |irodnc lions, and the most powcilul au'ciil'' of ihe l)i \ iiie power and nature. — (iiniui.s's Jvomi , ch. s. p. •,':; 5.|:i!|. SUNDAY, BurdeuHome. Sni,',l ./-/■ Kiiii. It WHS a heavy day with me whin 1 w \'. ,. boy. .My niolhcr conllncd nie on that day. uid niiide me read " The Whole 1 )iity nf Man.'' Itniii a trreat part of whiih 1 could derive no instrm lion. When, for instance, I had read the clnip ler on theft, whii h, from my infancy, I had hcoM taught was \'. iniig, I was ni> more convinced that theft was w i iiig Ihan befoie ; vo there was n.' ae( cssion of knowlcdj;!'. — lloi.vv Ki.i.'s .Ioiin- SON. p, I: ft l!M. SUNDAY SCHOOLS, Farmers'. .Inhn It'm j/ii ceding thirty years had |iroduced in.aliv work l"iincnof Milliiitiit talent to hec iine readers, \ liters, and spiakers in the vill.iL'i ineetings for r irliiimeniary IJclurm, . . . l!v such v.irious 1' Ills, aii.sioii.s listrtiei's at lii'-l,and then /i il .-- I'lOMlvtes, wci'i dr.avvn from the collages of (piiet nooks and iriiul. ,, to the weekly nail in ITS and discuss, s of ihe Hampden ilub--, — Knioim -. i;.\(i., V I. 8, (h. ."», p ;;; .Vl.'Ui. SUPERSTITION, Absurdity of. /'.'/-,»/ I Topi' I Ah'\aniler \T. . . . and his la > 'liir son. I a's.u' IJori-ia, conliiiii'd to practise cv. r\ ed'uii of ' 111 bilious villainy w ■ increase their pi wrr and aciiimnl.ito wealth. 'Ihe personal csiaii i.t the canlinals on their de:iili dixolvcd lo the pope, and many an nnliapj'V ( ardinal died siniiieiily dining tills ]ioiitilicaie. Horuiii. by force oi amis, made liim.sclf niasli i of the lerrilories of some of the iiehc'-t of the llali.an iiobh s l''i.iir ol them he invited to a Irii iidly coiifen me. under the most solemn prolesiations of aniica ble iiileiitions, and he massacred two of tlieiu by ambuscade. \'iti Hi. oiii! of these v\ i itched victims, is said to Iklvc entreated I'.ori'ia, his murderer, to ask of the jiope. his father, a plen- ary indulgence for him in Ihe iironicN of deiuh Such is tho deplorable weakness oi superstition that can attri'uite tothcinost iliandoned of men the ]iow< • of ]iardo!iing all itTcnees against the Deiiy vti.kk's Hist,. I..H,k (i, ch. 14. p. 2-'I. ft4a7. SUPERSTITION. Aid of. (V,eared under tlu; same intiuence ; it was even I)retended that olistinate wounds and cancerous idcers had been healed. These .strange phenom- ena increascul to such an extent that the Arcii- bishop of Paris published a brief in which ho attributed tlicin to the agency of Satan. — Stu- dents' FuANci;, ch. 22, ^ 5. 5456. SUPERSTITION removed. At Alc.r- andria. A great number of i)lates of dilTerent metivls, artificially joined together, composed the majestic figure of the deity, who touched on either side the walls of the sanctuary. The a.s- pect of Serapis, his sitting posture, and the scep- tre which .'»e bore in his left hand were extreme- ly similar to the ordinary representations of Ju- ])iter. It w!is confidently reported that if any impious hand should dare to violate the majesty of the god, the heavens and the earth would in- stantly return to their original chaos. An intrep- id soldier, animated by zeal, and armed with a weighty battle-axe, ascended the ladder ; and even the Christian multitude expected with some I anxiety the event of the; combat. He aimed i^ vigorous stroke against the cheek of Serapis ; the cheek fell to the ground ; the thunder was still silent, anil both the heavens and the earth continued to ])reserv(! their accustomed ordei- iiiiil traiKiuillity. The victorious soldier repeat ed his blows ; ili(;hug(! idol was overthrown and Itroken in ]>ieces, and tlu! limbs of Serapis were ignominiously draggeointed to one (piar- ter. See No. 5441.] He rec| nested that a letter should Ixiconveyecl to Jamestown ; and when it was known that he could so endue a piece of yn- per with intelligencf^ as to speak to his distant companions, he was beh<'l exceedini.'ly alarmed the whole nation, that hai(i ly any one would work or stii" out of their hou.ses. — Knhiut's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 11, p. IT"). 5460. SUPERSTITION of Soldiers. Spint.-<. [The Earl of Surrey writes from Scotland in 152;J :] About eight o'clock the horses of his company suddenly brake loose and suddenly run out of his field in such numbers that it causetinerva, and the form of Apollo from the fig- ure of Hercules." In short, this wise and phil- osophic emperor was, in matters of religion, one of the w(>akest, most bigoted, and supor.stitious of mankind. — Tvtlkk's Hist., l]ook 5, ch. 3, p. 519. aiiVi. SUPPLIANT, An abject. liciijn of Jamia II. [Uochcster, the lord-treasurer, Avas a Protestant whom the king propo.sed to dismi.ss from otlice.] " It is whispered, " he said, " that if I do not do as your Majesty would have me, I shall not be suffered to continue in my present station. " The king said, with some general ex- pressions of kindness, that it was difficult to prevent people from talking, and that loose re- ports were not to be regarded. These vague phrases wore not likelv to quiet the perturbed mind of the minister. Ilis agitation became vio- lent, and he began to plead for liis place as if ho had been pleading for his life. " Your Majesty sees that I do all in my power to obey you. In- deed, I will do all that I can to obey you in everything. I will servo you in your own way. Nay," he cried, in an agony of baseness, "I will do what I can to believe as you would have me. But do not let me be told, while I am try- ing to bring my mind to this, that if I find it iinpossibh; tocomplj', I must lose all." — Macat- i.Av'rt Kn(i., ch. 1, J). 142. 5'l6;i. SUPREMACY, Meritorioni. Ldte in S,r- cnkcnlh ('(iiliir//. France united at that time al- most every species of ascendency. Her military glory was at tlu^ height. She had vaiaiuishcd mighty coalitions. She had dictat 'd treaties. She had subjugated great cities and provinces. She had forct^d the; Castilian pr'uU' to yield her thtt. In 1828 he jxTfornicd what is universally allowed to be the most ditlicult feiit(!vcr atlcnini- ed in surgery. A clergyman was afilictcd with an enormous tumor in the neck, in which wen; embedded and twisted many of the great arte- ries. In removing this tumor, it was necessary to take out entire one of the collar bones, to lay bare the membrane enclosing the lungs, to dissect around arteries displaced by the tumor and cm- bedded in it, to ai)i)ly forty ligatures, and re- move an immense mass of disca.^ed matter. All this was done without the aid of chloroform. The patient survived the operation, and is now living and discharging the duties of his profes- sion. Dr. ilott was the first to operate success- fully for inmiovability of the lower jaw, and the first to entirely reniov(! the lower jaw. He was the first to succeed in .sewing up a slit in a large vein. — Cycloi'kdia ok Biog., p. 530. 5406. SURPRISE, Mutual, American lierolu- iion. After the fall of Charleston General Gat<'s was ap|)ointed to command in the South. [He; took ])ost at (Uennont, thirteen miles from Cam- den, where the British forces were concentrat- ed.] By a singular coircidence Cornwallisand Gates each formed the design of surprising his antagonist in the night. Accordingly, on the evenmg of the 15th of August, Gates set out for Camden, and at the same time Cornwall is moved toward Clermont. About daydawn the two armies met midway on Sanchr's Creek. I 660 SURPRISE— SURRENDER. Mnih j^eneriils vvon; surprised, but both miule iiiHiu'uiutc prepuralioiisfor kittle. [The Aiiier- iciins were niully defeated.]— Hidpatii's U. S., ell. 43, p. 341. 5167. SIJBPBISE, Sucoeii by. Colond lidrton. Oil the 101 h of July ii brilliiiiil e.xploit WHS ju'i- t'ormed ill Rhode Ishiud. Colonel Williuiii Hiu- loii, ot Provid(!iice, leaniiiif^ that Major-Geii- erai I'resi'olt was (luartercd at a funnhoiise near Newi'.ort, ai)arL from his division, determined to capture him. Oii the iii;!;ht of the; lOth of .luly the dariii!^ colonel, with forty volunteers, embarked at Providence, dropped down the bay, and reached the island near Pre.scott's lod^iii;,rs. The movement was not discovered. The Hrit- isji sentinel was deceived with a plausible state- ment, iind then threatened withdei.th if he did not remain quiet. Tlu! patriots rushed forward, burst open rrescott^ door, seized him in bed, .md hurried him half clad to the boats. The .".larm was raised ; a .s([uad (raino hurrying to tlie water's edj^o ; but tlu; provincials were alreadv l)addlingout of sight with their prisoner. Tin's lucky expl(>it gave the Americans an olHoer of eipial rank to exchange for General Lee. Colo- nel Barton was rewarded with promotion and an elegant sword. — Riui'Atii'h U. S., eh. 40, p. :5','0. 5 1«§. 8UERENDER to Death. Bofjen. Boges was governor of it [Eioii] under tlie King of Per- sia, and a<;ted with such a zeal and tidelitv for his sovereign as have few examples. When besieged by Cimon and the Athenians, it was in his power to have capitulated ujion honori'ble terms, and to have returned to Asia with his family and all his effects, llowcjver, being l)ersuaded he could not do this with honor, he reso'ved to die rather than surrender. The city ■was a.s.saulted with the utmost fury, and he de- fended it with incredible braver}'. lieing at last in the utmost want of provisions, he threw from the walls into the river Strymonall the gold and silver in the place ; then caused lire to be set to u pile, and having killed his wife, his children, and his whole fiimily, ho threw them into the midst of the Hames, and afterward rushed into them himself. — Rollin's Hist., Book 7, § 3. 5169. SURREKDEK demanded. Ethan Allen. This daring and eccentric man was chosen col- onel by a company of two hundred and seventj' patriots. To capture Ticonderogn, with its vast magazine of stores, was the object of Allen and the audacious mountaineers of whom ho was the leader. Benedict Arnold left Cambridge, and joined tlio expedition as a private. On the • ■vening of the 9th of May . . . they reached the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, opposite Ticondoroga. Only a few boats could bo pro- cured, and when (lay broke on the following morning but eighty-three men had succeeded in crossing. With this mere handful — for the lest could not bo waited for — Allen, with Arnold by his side, made a dash, ;\nd gained the gate- way of the fort. The sentinel was driven in, closely followed by the mountaineers, who sot up such a shout as few garrisons had ever licard. Allen's men ha.stily faced the barracks, and stood ready to lire ; he himself rushed to the o.s.session of weidtli stimulated the dilig(!nce of th(! informers ; rigid virtiu; im- plied a tacit censure of the irregularities of Coni- modus ; important .services implied a dangerous superiority of merit ; and tlu; friendship of \\w father always insured the aversion of the son. Sus- l)icion wase(iuivalent to proof ; trial to condem- nation. — GiHiio.N's Komi:, cli. 4, ]). 10"). Snn/(tn. OiU! day, as 1 was standing at a neighbor's shop- window, and tlier(! cursing and swearing after my wonted niaiiner, there sat witliin the woman of the house and heard me, who, though she was a loose and ungodly wretch, protested that I swore and cursed at such a rate; that she trem- bled to hear me. I was able to spoil all the y.)utlis in a whole town. At this reproof I was silenced ami put to secret shame, and that too, as I thought, liefore the God of heaven. 1 stood lianging down my head, and wishing that I migiit be a litth; "child, that my father might learn me to speak without tliis wicked sin of swearing ; for, thought I, I am so accustomed to it that it is vain to think of a reformation. — FUOLDKS BlNYAN, ch. 2. 5487. SWINDLEB, A Royal. Henry VIL The ingrained eovetousiiess and cunning of the man — for "of nature, a.ssuredly, he coveted to accumulate treasure," and "neither did he care how cunning they were that he did employ, for he thought himself to have the master-reach." The.se qualities made him, to use plain words, a royal swindler. He went far beyond his age as an exaggerated representative of the new-born spirit of money-making, as opjwsed to the ancient .SWINDr.KH-SY.MPATIIV. 653 •Nj)lrit of violence. He carried it forward ii)to Kliat unscrupulous piisNioii forwrullli, wliicli ims rendered the j^riispinf^ accunuiliilorso defestaltle at all times. — Knioiit'h Eno., vol. 2, cli. 15, p. 2:jh. S4HS. . Henry VI fL [Parlia- ment in 1544 i)repared Henry VHI. for the expen.seof wars witli Hcotland and with France, liy declarinj; that all loans made to the Ivin^ in tilt- two pnjvions years of his reiy;n Ix; en- tirely remitted and released, and Kccnritics for the siMno be utterly void.] — Kmuhth E.N(»., vol. 2. eh. 27, p. 442. •5'IM0. . liirhard r. ['l"o raise money, heonlered the great seal to Xw broken, and proc- lamation to be made that no grant under that .seal woidd bo valid, unless the fees due to th(! crown were paid the Kfu'ond time for affixing the new seal.] — Knioiit's K.N(i., vol. 1, ch. 22, p. '.VM). «1'I90. SWOBD VB. Banner. Jonn «/ Arc. She -svore at her Hide a small battle-axe^ and the con- secrated sword, marked on the blade with Ave cros.ses, which liad at her bidding bet.'n taken for her from the shriiu; of Kt. Cathariiuiat Fier- bois. A page carried her banner, which shci had i'au.sed to be made and end>ri)idered as her Voices (■n.joine'i. It wa.s white satin, strewn with^'(//'«- (/ti-lis, and on it were the words "Jesus Ma- ria," and the repnisentalion of tlie Saviour in His glory. Joan afterward generally bore her banner her.self in battle ; she said that though sh(! loved hertiword much, she loved her banner forty tinuM tis much ; and she loved to carry it, iKicause it could not kill any one. — Dkcisivk B.MTi.Ea, ^ 378. ft'lOl. SWOBDlnBeligion. Mahomft. "The sword," say a Mahomet, "is the key of heaven ami of hell ; a drop of blood shed in the cau.se of God, a night spent in arms, is of more avail than two months of fasting or prayer ; whoso- ever falls in battle, his sins are forgiven ; at the w(!d IhmuI and timid accients, he said : " Mr. President, I have been a drummer-boy in a regiment for two years, and my colonel got angry with me and turned me ofr ; 1 was taken sick, and havelx'cn a long time in hospital. This is the first time I have been out, and I can)e to see if you cannot do some- thing for me." The President looked at him . . . tenderly, and asked him where he livt^d. "I have no home," answered the boy. " Where is your father V" " He died in tlie army," was the replv. " Where is your mother?" . . . "My mother is dead also. I have no mother, no father, no brothers, no sirters," and, bursting into tears, " no friends — nol)ody cares for me." Mr. Lin- coln's eyes were filled with tears, and he said to him, " Can't you .sell newspapers ?" " No," sidd the l)oy ; " I am too weak, and the surgeon of the hospital told me I must leave, and I have no money and no place to go to." The .scene was wonderfully affecting. The President drew forth a card and . . . gave special directions " to care for this poor boy." — IIaymond's Lincoln, p. 740. 549«. SYMPATHY, Mutual. Napolfon I. [At St. Helena the captive emperor found] a poor negro slave working in Mr. IJalcombe's garden, in whose history and welfar(> the emperor be- came deeply interested. He was a Malay Indian, of i)repos.se.ssing appearance. He had been stolen from Ins native land by the crew of a British ves.sel. The emperor's .sympathies were deeply moved by the old man's .story. Poor Toby be- came very much attached to tlie emperor. . . . Thcv were fellow-captives. — Abbott's Nai'o- LEON B., vol. 2, ch. 30. 5497. SYMPATHY for the Poor. Ahrnham Liwoln. As a distinguished <'itizen of Ohio en- tered the vestibule of the White House, his at- tention was attracted by a poorly clad young woman who was violently sobbing. . . . She had been ordered away by the servants, after vainly endeavoring for many hours to see the President about her only brother, who had bcea fi.-)4 SYMPATHY— TALKNT 4 I oiidctniicil to (Iciith [for (li'Hcrti()ii|. . . . Hho liiiil pHsHcd tli(- liin^ liiiuiH of two iliiys liyiM^ in Miin to 1,'cl an iiiiiliciu'c. [lid aided her adnds- HJon to tlu! olllcc, and at id.s sui^p-Ntion nIic forced her wav l)etween iiiniself 1111(1 Mr. Mneojn, and in.sistetl on Ills exaininulion of the papers slitt liroii^iit. I Mr. l/ineoln was at llrst Honiewliat surprised at I lie apparent fctrwardness ; . . . coni- inenced an examination of tlie docnnieni ; . . . Ins eye fell njjon her scanty hut neat dress. In- stantly Ids i'licc! lighted up. " .My poor jxirl," said ho, "you have conn' here with ii > ^^^ovcrnor, or BCiiiitor, or ineinher of Coiijrress to plead your cause. You seem honest and tnithfid, h\h\i/i>ii iliiii't iriiir liniijiH ; and I will lie whipjied but I will pardon your lirotlier." — Uaymo.nds Lincoln, p. V.W). Mm. SYMPATHY, Religious. I'liriUmx of yew /'Jni/hiiid. The svmpalhits of tli" colonists wore wide ; a regard t. SYMPATHY, Unmanned by. Colinnhiis. I Moved hy envy, and sustained l)y vilest slanders, llohadilla sent him to Spain in irons. Great in- diKimtion and release followed.] When tluMpieen l)(!h(;ld this venerahle man approach, and thou,<.''ht on all ho had deserved and all he had sulfered, sho was moved to tears. Cohnnhus had borne up tirmly against (he rudoconllictsof the world ; lu; had endured with lofty scorn th(\ injuries and insults of ii^nohle men ; but ho pos.sessed strong; aad (puck .sensibility. When he found hiin.self thus kindly reiHived by his soverci;;nH, and be- hold tours in tlie benif;;n eyes of Isabella, hislon;;- suppro.s.sed feeliTigs imrsl forth ; ho throw him- 8(!lf on his knees, and for some limo could not uttora word for tlie violeiic(! of his toarsand sol)- bings. — lKVi.N(i's(;(>i,i;.Mni;s, Book 14, ch. 1. A500. SYSTEM, Living by. Alfml the Urntt. Alfred was liim.self, for that ai^e, a most accom- ]>lish(Ml scholar ; and considering tlic! necessary toils and constant activis oin|)loyinent, it is sur- .l)risinshow mnch ho eniployi'd himself in tim jmrsuiUsof lileratur^^ Ho is said to have divided iii.s time inlotliroo (Mpial part.s : one Wiis allotted to tlio despatch of the business of government ; anotlu!r to diet, (!,\erci.so, and .sleep ; and a third to study and devotion. Hy this admirabl(< regu- larity of life ho found means, notwithstanding his constant wars, and the care of entirely now niodolling and civilizing his kingdom, to com- j)o.so a variot-y of ingenious and learned works. — Tytlku's ilisT., Hook (i, ch. T), p. 111. 5501. TACT, Lack of. Pnsiih'ut John Aihnim. The same cpialities which made him a bad nego- tiator priivonted his ac(piiring credit as tho chief magistrate! of i\w. nation. Ho was a bad judge of mon, and ho was wodd(!d to certain ancient and unpopular ideas wlii(;h proventod his retain- ing the conlidonco of the masses, lie was a kind of republican tory, at a time when the feeling of the nation was setting powerfully in the opposite direction. At the same time, his vanity, his quickness of temper, his toUil want of manage- ment, his blind trust in some men and his blind distrust of others, continually estranged from him those who would naturally have been his friends and supporters. After serving four years, he was wliirled from his |)laco by a torimdo of (h-niocratie feeling. — ('y( i,»)rKiuA ok Hkx;., 1). ns. AAOlsl. TACT, Natural. Hi urn ''^idini/. | Ho was the agent of the I'rince of Orange in nego- tiating for the revolution with the peers of ling- land. I Sidney, with a sweet temper and winning manners, seemed to be dellcieiit in capacity and knowledge, and to be sunk in voluptuousness and indolence. His face and form wereeinininliy handsome. In his youth he had been the terror of husbuiids ; and even now, at near tifty, he was the Favoiile of women and the envy of vounirer men. He had formerly resided at the Hague in a public i'liar>ieter, and had then succeeded in olilainini; a large sliaie of Willinm's | Prince of Orange] coiitidence. .Many wondered at this ; for it, seemed that between the most austere of ••latcs- meiiand the most dissolute of idlers Miere could be nothing ill common. , . . There is a certain tail, resembling an instinct, which is often wanting to greiil oratorsand philos()]ihers, and which isoi'leu found in persons wlio, if judgi'd by their conver- sation or by their writings, would lie iironoiinced simpletons. Indeed, when a man iiosse.s.ses thi*+ tact, it is in some sense an advantJige to him that he is destitute of those more showy talents which would make him an object of admiration, of envy, and of fear. Sidney was a remarkalile in- stance of this truth. Incapable, ignorant, and dissipated as he seemod to be, he understood, oi- rather felt, with whom it was neces.sary to be re- served, and witli whom ho might .safely venlunr to be coiMinunieativo. Tho consoipionce was, that he did what Mordannt, with all his vivacity and invention, or Hurnet, with all his multifarious knowlodgo and lluont elocution, never could liiivo doiK', — M.\( .vii,.\y's En. ;?7;i. 5503. TALENT without Character, /nrderirk the (rirot. My tho jiublit! tho King of I'ru.ssia was considered as a politician destitute alike of morality and decency, insatiably rapacious, and sliamelessly false; nlir was the public much in the wrong. He was at the same time allowed to bo a man of jiarts — a rising general, a shrewd negotiator and administrator. — J^Iac.vui..vy's FitKDKHICK TIIIO (}lli;.\T, J). 4'J. 5501. TALENT, Discovery of. Nti)x>lenii I. Ho liad ordered some very dillicultand important works to bo oxeciitod on a bridge of the canal of lianguedoc. TIk! engineer had admirably ac- coni|)lislied the arduous achievement. [Nafioleoii inspected tin; work, and asked many (pioslions of tho engineer.] Tlio ('iiginoor seemed embarra.ssed, and rejilied witli hesitation and confusion. Soon tlie prefect iippearod. Napoleon promjilly said to him : " I am not correctly informed. Tlnv bridge was not made by that man. Such a work is beyond his capacity." The ])refect then con- fes.sod that the chief engineer was neither the originator of the ])ian nor the author of the works, but they both belonged to a modest, subor- dinate man unknown to fame. . . . He appointed the young man . . . chief engineer, and took him to Purls. — AiuioTT's N.\poi-KON H., vol. 2, ch. 9.. 5505. TALENT, Education of. Alexander. Alexander owed all these advantages to the ex- cellent education which Aristotle gave him, \\i' had also a ta.ste for the whole circle of arts, but such as becomes a prince — that is. he know th« IsfH TALENT-TAHTE. 65a vnlucnnd iiKofnlrifAHof tlicni. } ihIc, paliitin>(, M'lilptiire, arclilti-. tiir(>, tloiiriHlii'd iti IiIh n Ik>i, l)(!(MiiiH«! tlicy fmiiid in liim Itotli ii Nkilfiil Jiiil^ai and a k<-"*'''">"* protector, wlio was alilf to din- tiiimdsli and reward merit wherever displayed. Hut lu! despised certain trilling feats of dexterity tliat were of no use. Mncli admiration was lav- isJM'd on a man wlio employed Idniself very earnestly in llirovvii.|i; small peati tliroii|;li the eye of II needle, which lie would do at a consideralile distance, and v.ithont once nii.ssiiif;. Alexander seeing? liim tlius eiii;ii>?ed, ordered him, as we are told, a present snitalii(! to Ids employment — /•/>., a liiwkel of peas. — Uoi.i.i.n'h Hist., Hook l">, SI. 5506. TALENT, Indioationi of. .Unt/it iiKitim. Carlyle .says that the iiest indication in a hoy of a superior understanding is a turn for matlie- inatics. Wlien a lioy, in addition to a decided mathematical j,dft, jiossesses iil.so a natural dex- terity in handlin;^ tools, and an inclination to oli- serve nature, there is ground for helieviiif? that, if pi.^perly aideil, he will liecome a man of scienc(!. vV(! wen; led to these remarks liy oli- .serving that the four men of modern times who did most to increase tlu; sum of knowledge — (Copernicus, C^olumhus, Oalileo, and Newton — were all natural matluimaticians, and owed their di-scoveries dinictly to mathematics. All of them, also, possessed that manual dexterity and that love of oliserving nature of which we havc! spoken. They were alike in other respects : all of them were endowtul with an amazinji; patience. All of them were men of childlike simplicity of character. All of them were good citizens, as Avellassuhlimegeiiiuses. Allof tliem.hutC'olum- bu.s perhaps, were even sound men of Imsine.ss — prudent and successful in the management of tlieir private affairs. — Cycloi'kdi.\ ok Bioo., p. 304. 550r. TALENT, Lack of. Confederate Con- (Ivf.HS. The Confederate congre.s.s ... of IHOU. it i.s not to be disguised that tln.s body fell below the spirit and virtue of the people, and was re- markahle for its destitution of talents and ability. Not a single speech that lia.s yet been made in it will live. — P()M,.Mii)'s SiocoNU Ykau ok tiiic Wau. ch. 0, p. 2'HS. 550S. TALENT overestimated. Xnpohvn T. [Entering unannounced, Ik; discovered llie Em- j)re.s.s Maria LouLsa makingan omelet.] " How," exclaimed the emperor, " are you making an omelet ? You know nothing about it. I will show you how it is done." He immediately took his place at the table, and went to work. . . . Tin; omelet was at last made, and one side was fried. Now came the difflculty of turning it by tossing it over with artistic skill in the frying-pan. Na- poleon in the attempt awkwardly tossed it upon the floor. Smiling he .said, " I have given myself credit for more exalted talents than I possess ;" and he left. — AnnoTT's Nai'oi.kon li., vol. 2, (h. 11. 5509. TALENT, Untaught. Zerah Colburn. llo was able, during the later years of his youth, to explain the processes by which he performed his calculations, some of which were so simple that they have since been employed In the New England schools. We have seen a class of boys, not more than twelve years of age, multiply six figures by six figures, without .slate and pencil, by till? metluxl of Zerah Colburn. His mo-v nielli mxlur Jiia pillow.— Itoi.MNH Hint., linok 15, ^ 1. nttlH. TAX on Coniumption. h'/ij/Unh ('olonUn. After two yciii'M' (ilMtiiHHloii, an uit of I'lirliii- iiit-iit . . . Iinposcii ii duly of iiiiicpriici' on (tvcry pillion of nun. Hlxpi-ncc on every ^iillon of nioluN- HeH, iind llveslilllln^Mon every liiindn^d wel^lil of Nii^iir iinpiirleil from forelj^ii colonleM into iiny of tliu iirlllNli |ilitntntioriH. . . . Duty on inolaNHcH hull ull the <-lrecl of ii iirohihitlon, uinl led oidy tociiiudiHtine InipoilationM. — UANtnoKT'rt U, S. HMO. TAX, Enormoui. lf%\ I'arliainenl voted a ta.x of two .^hiilin^CH on u pound, on the valuation of ^oodn or land. Ooo.U valued at less than tsventy pounds to pay Hixtei'ti penci! on a |)ound. And if worth less than forty Hhillinji;s, tlie tax would he eiirht- nen.'e. In \'i'i't a sulmidy was demanded hy the KJn^ witliout till! intervention of I'arliainent. | ('ominissionerH were appoii-ted to levy Hid ille- >;al eluiiit of Hie sixth part of every man's suh- .slaiiee. . . . The resislanee wr.s universal. |ll wa.s not eiillecled. I — Kniiiut'k Kno., vol. 'i, r(/if Iff. A.I). 17t);{. [An (!Xeis<' on eider and perry was i)ropos«;d by Georj^c Orenville in Parliament. I i'lie eider eouiitii's were in a llaine ; llus city ni iiondon, proc(!edin>? beyond all precedent, peti- tioned commons, lords, and kiii^ iiKi^insl tlie measure ; and the cities of Kxeter uiid Worces- ter iiislnicled their members to oppo.sc it. The House of Lords divided u])on it, and two ])ri>- tests as^ainst it ai)peared on the joiirnuls. — H.vn- t'UoKT'a U. S., vol. 5, ell. 5. ftftlS. TAXATION, Exemption from. rV'/v/f/. [Iteif^n of Constuntine.J The wlioic ItiKly of the (yiithoiic clergy, more numerous perliups than the lepiona, was exempted l)y the emperors from ull service, private or puhlii!, all municipul otH- ces, and all personal taxes and contributions, which pressed on their fellow-citizeiw with in- tolerabio weijj;lit ; and tlie duties of liieir holy l)rofe.s.sion were accepted as a full dLscharxe of their oblisa'.ions to the republic. — Oiuhon'b JtoMK, ch. 'ii), p. 283. ftSI9. TAXATION inevitable. Itfina of (hile- rius. A very minute survey ai)pears to have >)een taken of their real estates ; and wherever there was the .sli!;htest suspicion of concealmeni. torture was very freely emi)loyed to obtain a sincere declaration of their |M'rsonal wealth. . . . The conquest of Macedonia, as we have already olwervcd, had delivered the Itoman people from the wei^lit of personal taxes. Tliou,i;li they had experienced every form of despotism, they had now enjoyed that exemption nea;- Hvc hundred years ; nor could they patiently lirook the inso- lence of an Illyrian pea.sant, who, from his dis- tant residence in Asia, presumed to numbiT Uome amonf.j the tritiutary citie.'! of his empire. The rising fury of the people was encouraged by the authority, or nt lea.st the connivance, of the senate, and tlie feeble remains of the Pneto- rian guards. — Qihuon's Home, cli. 14, p. 460. ftftilO. TAXATION, Odioui. Stamp Art. fits provisions were briefly tlujse :| Every note, bond, ileed, TTiortgage, Iea.se, license, and legal docu- ment of wliatever .sort required in the colonies should, after the tlrxt I'ay of tlie fDllowing No- vember, lie executed on paper l)eii ring an Knglixlt stamp. This slain|M-i| pajHT was to In> furnlHlied by Hie Mritish Koveriiiiient. and for e.ich slieet the colonisiM were required to it.iy a Hum vary- ing, according to the nature or the document, frianiplilet, almanac, and newspaper wiih reipiired to lie printed on paherof tlu; same sort, the value of the stamps in this case ranging from a halfpenny to fourpeiue ; every iidvertiwment was taxed two shillings. No contract Hhoiild be of any binding force uiiIchs written on paper bearing the royal stamp. The news of the liiitc' fill act swept over America like a thundercloud. . . . The mulllcd bells of Philadelphia and lioslon rung a funeral pial ; and the people said it was till' iliatli knell of liberty, in New York acopyof the Stamp Act was carried through the streets witli a death's liead nailed to it, anila nlacard bearing this inscription : " The Follvof Knglaiid and the Uuiii of America." — lliu- I'ATu's U. S.,cli. :»7, p. '2XU. ftft'JI. TAXATION by Repreientatlvei. Amrr- iftm Hfnilntioii. The more ininiediate cause of the Uevolution was the passage by Parliament of a ii'iihIht of urtit (It'Mnictire of rotonuil li/itrti/. Tliese acts were resisted by the colonies, and tlio attempt was made by Great Jiritain to .'iiforco them witi" the bayonc'. Tlic subject of this un- just legislation, which extended over a jHTiod of twelve years Just preceding tiie war, was the ((uestlon of taxation, it Is a well grounded prin- ciple of I'jnglish common law that tiie tx'opio, by tliei. representatives in the House of Commons, have tho right of voting whatever taxes and customs are necessary for the sujiport of tho kingdom. The Amefii'an colonists claimed tho full rights of KngHshmcn. With good reason it was urged tliat the general as.semblies of colo- nics held the same relation to the American peo- ple as ilid the Hoime of (.'ommons to the peopio of Kngland. 'I'lie English ministers riiplied that Parliament and not tlie (rolonial assemblies was the prsiper body to vote; taxes in any and all parts of tlin Dritish empire, "lint wo arc not represented in Parliament," was the answer of tho Americans ; " the House of Commons may there- fore Justly assess taxes in England, but not in America." " Many if the towns, boroughs, and shires in these British isles have no representa- ;ives in Parliament, and yet the Parliament taxes them " replied the ministers, now driven to sojilii.stry. " If any of your towns, boroughs, and slures are not represented in the House of Com- mons, they ou(/ht to be," was the American re- joinder ; and tliere the argument ended. Such were the essential point.s of tlie coutrovtTsy. — RiDi'ATii'fl U. S., ch. 87, p. 280. 5533. TAXATION resisted, Illegal. New Tfamp. .ihirc Colon I/, 1B84. [Charles II. appointed Ed- ward Cantield, a notorious fortune-seeker, gov- ernor, who expected a harvest of fines ind for- feitures.] Illegal taxes could not be gathered ; as.sociations were formed for mutual support in resLsting their collection. At Exeter the shcriir was driven off with clubs, and the farmers' wives had prepared hot water to .scald his ofRcer if he had attempted to attach jiroperty in the hon.se At Hampton he was beaten, foblwd of hi.s sword, .seated ui>on a horse, witli a rope rouui/ TAXATH)N--TAXKH. i\ri7 liin neck, itiiil iniivcvcfl out of llif pro»iri(i', . . . KiotiTH . . . \vi IT rcNciird liy a mw rioi ; If , . , till' niilitin were onli rrd out, not n man oU'vcii llir Huiiiiiioiis. - Ham iiuKTH I . S., vtil, )i, cli. I'.'. AA>i:i. T. XATION, Rulnoui. Fmii,;: Ah If till- protci'lioii ol iiiiiiiiiluriiircs iK'i'ili'il ri'stric I JoiiM on l,li(t I'xcliun^^'s of the |iii(!a pri/.tjs lo the tli'Ht caiilorH, Hiiitn ul law inipos HJIilc, iriitisforH of r(!iil <'Nliiti>lnvulid, inlinitaiici'^: irriicliiliimlilc. — Hanchokt'h U. S., vol. 5, cli. 10. AA'iS. TAXES, Dntruotire. <'<>n^tt''H, was iliTivcd from tlio iirailici! of tin? rinpcror'n hI^ii \i\ii with lii)4 own liiind iiii fdirt prcscriliin^ the annual mcasiirt' of tin Irihuti' to Ik; Irvii'd, and the term allowi'd for payin"nl of it. The inciiH urc! or ipiaiililv was ascertuiiit-d hv a onuu^, or siirviiy, made liy inTsons appoinlcii for that piir |io.s Afjrindfinr. Malmi's- bury writes thus of Iheyeiir 101)2 : " On aeeount of the heavy Irihute which the king [William II.], while in Normandy, had levied, »jj;ri(!ulture faileii ; of which failure the immediate con.se- quenoc was a famini;. This also gaining ground, a mortality onsiusd, so general that the dying wimtod attendance and the dead burial." [The king Imd takcMi all the store.s for seeding the following year. J — Knkjut's Eno., vol. 1, cIi. 10, p. 235. HMt. TAXES, DistarbancM from. France. tWhen Anne of Austriii held the regency of i'rance, she replenislied her empty treasury by levying a] tax upon all articles of merchandise brought for sale to the capital, whether by land or water, levied indiscriminately upon all classes ; and it is curious that this impost, less open to objection than others on the score of equity, sbould have been the proximate cause of the vio- lent disi 'rbarH'eM « hU h followed. — Stiidkms' Fii\N» K, eh 20, ^ :• A.VJN. TAXES legiiUted, JlrilM. That thf king eoiild not iiiipuM' Ihms wllhoiil the eiiii->i'iil of I'urliameiit is Miliiiilted to have liein, rrniii lime imnieniorial, a fuiiilMiiii'iilal law of I'ji).'- liiiid. It WHS amiiiig the ai'tiiliH \^llilh .loliii was eoiiipelled by the lialiiliH to Nijili. llilwiilil I. ventured lo lileiik thluiivdl the rule; lilil able, powerful, and tiopular as he was, he i ii- eountel'ed all oppositluli lo wliii h lie liiiiiid it expedient to yield. lie eoveliiilllid in i nlilillg- 'v, In express teriiis, f.tr hiiiiself iiml his lieii>, tliat they would never again lew any iiid with out the assent and good will of the chtiilis id th(! realm. His powerful and vietnrioiis grand- son alteinp'eil to violate this soleiiin ennipiut ; hut the iittempt was strenuously willi^touil. At length the I'lantiigeiiets gave up \U{\ point in ileHpair.- .Ma(ai:i,ay'h Kno., eh. 1, p. 21». A.VJO. TAXES, Meroileu. Ai/rir„ltiir,\ Kad- iier relateK that in the inereileHN taxation of that reign |of Henry 1,| the very doors were taken oil' the houses when the people could no longer pay ; and another contemporary writer says that a li'iio)) of nnlia|>py ciillivators came, on one oi - eiiMion, to the king's palace, and threw down their iloiigbsliares at his feel, for the capiliil was «x- lausled which alone could set the ploughs tit work. — KMiiiiTs Knu, vol. ], cli. li.p. 247. A5:iO. TAXES muUiplied. Khiikihh In liritain. The great " procurator," or revenue ollieer ol the province had his sulioi'iliniiteN in every < ity to look after the " curiales" lotllcial persons of laniled proiierty. I'esiding witliiii city wallsl, and to take s|ieeial cure that no lenity in'terl'eieii with t!ie rigid collection ol the poll tax, ilie funeral- tax, the auction-tax, the tax on the sa'.' of slaves, the tithe of milling prodiiee, and the IriKute of eoiii, hay, and cattle. Horn; times the It ^y wa.s just ; often it was frightfully oppiesi ' '. . . . *rhe curia were bound lo collii I what was im- losed, and were responsible for aiie deficieni y. Date about A.n. UOO.J — Kniuiit's Knu., v»I. i, ( h. :i, p. 4r,. 55:11. TAXES, Odious, llriyn of Charlrs II. The tax on rhiiiineys, though less productive, raised far louder inurmuis. The diseontent ex- cited by direct imiHi.sIs is, indeed, almost alwa_\s out of proportion to t.ii' quantity of nioiiey whieh they bring into tlu; Excheatient to a de- gree! whieh the jieople of other countries can but faintly conceive. The poorer hoiiseboiders were fr»!(iuently unablc! to pay their hearth money to till! day. When this happened, their furniture was distrained without mercy ; for the tax was farmed ; and a farmer of taxes is, of all creditors, proverbially the most rapacious. The collectors were loudly accused of jwrforming their unpop- ular duty with harshness and in.solence. It was said that, as soon as they appeared at ihe thresh- old of a cottage, the children began to wail, and the old women nin to hide their earthen ware. Nay, the .single bed of a poor family had some- times been carried away and sold. The net an- nual receipt from this tax was £200,000. — Ma- caulay's Eno., ch. 9, p. 268. <::>S TAXKS— TEACHER. 1; ! f ■ 53:i*i. TAXES, Oppressive, h'oimn. Tin- Ro- man tux, or capildiion, on llic i)ro|)riotors of land wocld have siilTfri'd a rich iind nunuTous t liuss of free citizens to escape. Witii the view of uliiirinij tliiU .species of wealth whicli is derived Iroin a't or lal)or, and which exists in money or in merchandise, tiie emperors imposed a dis- tinct and p(irsor.ai : ilmle on tlie trading jiiM't of lh(!ir sid)je(rts. Soimc exemi)ti(»ns, very strictly < onlined both in time lind place, were allowed to I ill' proprietors who disposed of the jjroduce of llieir own ('Slates. Home iiidu!g('n"e was grant- ed to the profession of the liheni' arts ; but ev- ' ry other branch of c.mmercial industry was af- fected Dy the severity of the law. The honora- ble m'„r''hant of Alexandria, \\h() imported the g(Mns and spices of India for the use of the west- ern world ; tlh: I'suriT, who derived from the in- terest of money a silent and ignondnioiis i)rolit : the ingenious manufacturer, the diligent mechan- ic, an(l even the most obscure retailer of a s.'- • luestered village, \V(t;i obliged to adndt the of- licers of the revenue into the partni'rship of their gain ; and the sovereign of thi! Itoman empire, who tolerate(i the profession, consented to share tlir infamous salary of public i)roslitutes. As this general tax upon industr}' was collected ev- ery fourth year, it\vas styled Mk^ Limtrdl Coiitri- hnlum ; and tlie historian Zosimus laments tliat the approach of the fatal period was announced by the tears and terrors of the cif i/ens, -who were often compelled by the imiK'nding scourge to em- brace the most abhorr'Ml and unnatural meth- ods of jirocuring th(^ sum at which their ])ro|i- erty had beeuassessed. — (Jihijo.n's Komk, ch. 17, 1>. 149. *55;J3. . 2\i;r. York. When the Swedes, naturallj aijuietand submissive peojile, resisted the uetions of the government, they were visii^'d with additional severity. Jf there is any more murmuring again.st the taxes, make tliem so hei'vy that the ;.eople can do noihing but think how to pay them, said Lovelace [the second Governor of New York] in Ids instruc- tions to his deputy. — RiDr.\Tn's U. S., di. 20, 1). 173. 5531. TAXES, BebellioD against. Dutii on Cloth. [In i:{81 a] bloody riot took place at Rou- <-n, ineonsccpience of the propo.sal of a new duty upon cloth ; the burghers* /u.shed to arms, iiud liaving proclaimed a wealdiy clotliier King of liouen, in.sisted on his i.s,suing an edict repealing the tax, and holding up the officers of the rev- enue to public execration. The unfortunate col- lectors were plundered, in.sulted, and violently ■Iriveu from the city ; an attack was next made upon the castle, ia which the governor was kill- « d ; the clergy were also assaulted and maltreat- ed. . . . The chief authors of the revolt were executed, and the duty upon cloth was levied by threats and force. . . . Emboldened by this suc- cess, the court attempted to enforc? at Paris an excise-duty upon produce exposed for .sale in tlie markets. Tlie step was energetically resisted ; the popular wrath exploded at once, and the cap- ital was ill full insurrection. . . . No sooner had the ferment subsided than arrests were made in every part of Paris, and the wretched prisoners, without any public condemnation, were di.s- jiatched by a secret and odious mode of execu- tion — they were inclosed in sacks, and thrown at dead of night into the Seine.— Students' Fk.vn(K, ch. 11, t; 1. 5535. TAXES, Ruinous. Fraucf. a. i). 1774. Ueigi' of Louis X\T.| The annual expen.scs argi'ly exceeded the revenue, and extortions to mcvt the delicit fell on the humble and the weak. Yet the chief tiiiancial ollicers grew enormously rich. . . . Till' land tax, the poll tax, the bc^t lilhcs of the produce; for the jiriesl, twentieths, military .-service, taxes on consumption, labor on the highways, crushed the jiea.santry. Tlu; in- (lir(!Ct taxes'were farmed out to conmwssioners, who had power to enforce extortionate demands by suniiuarily sending demurrers to Die galleys or thescaJlold. — Hanchokt'h U. S., vol. 7, ch. 7. 5536. TEACHER punished, The. Jiy Miolari^. A schoolmaster, designing to betray tlie Falc- rians by means of their children, took them every day out of the city to exercise, kee|)ing pretty cl()se to the walls at lirst, and wlien their exer- cise was over led them in again. Ry degrees he took them out farther, accustoming them to di- vert themselves freely, as if they liad nothing to fear. At last, having got them altogelhei, lu; brought them t() the Roman advanced guard, and delivered them uj) to be carriid to C'amilliis. "When he came into his presence, he .said lie was the si hoolniaster of Falerii, but preferring his favor to the obligations of duty, lie cami! to deliver uji those children to liim, and in them the whole city This action appeared very shocking to C 'Uus, and he said to those that were by, " \\ ..t best is a savge tiling, and wades through ,i sea of violence and injustice ; yet even war itself lias its laws, which men of honor will not depart from ; nor do they so pur- sue victory as to avail themselves of act.s of vil- lainy a'id baseness. For a great general should only rely on his own virtue, and not upon the treachery of others." Then he ordered the //r- fors to tear off the wretch's clothes, to tie his hands liehind him, and furnish the boys with rods and scourges, to jnini.sh tlie traitor, and whip him into the city. — Plutakch. 553T. TE£.f!HER, Relation of. Aristotle. [King Philip secured him to be the teacher of young Alexander. See No. 35!?9.] Alexander likewise discovered no less esteem for his master, whom he believed himself bound to love as mufh as if he had been his father, declaring that he was indebted t(. the one for living, and to tlie other for living well. The progress of the pupil was equal to the care and abilities of the preceptor. He grew passionately fond of philosophy, and learned the several branches of it, but Milh the discrimination suitable to his birth. Aristotle endeavored to improve his judgment by laying down sure and certain rules, by which he might distinguish just and solid reasoning from what is merely specious, and by accustom! ng him to separate in discour.se all such parts as only dazzle from those which are truly solid, and should constitute its whole value. — Rollin's Hist., Book 15, §1. 5538. TEACHER, Sesnonsibility of. Philip of Macedon. His queen Olympias . , . was deliv- ered ... of a son, Alexander, justly denomi- uaied the Great. On this event, Philip wrote to the philosopher Aristotle in these emphatic words, truly worthy of a king : " Know th«t a son is born to us. We thank the god.s, first, for ':ia TEACIIEU— TEMPERANCE. 0u9 th(!ir exroUcnt gift, and, secondly, that it is bc- Ktowcd in tiie uge of AriHlotlc, who, we trust, will render him a son worthy of his father, and a prineu worthy of Alaeedonia." — Tytleu'b Hist., Book2,ch. 3, p. 170. 55;i». TEACHER, Value of. To Ahwinder. I atrimony of Plato atforded an annual rent, which, in eight cen- turies, w.is gradually increa.sed from three to one thoasand pieces of gold. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 40, p, 106. 5541. TECHNICALITIES, Strenuous for. Ahra- hain Lincoln. " Judge ," said he, " lield the strongest ideas of rigid government and close c'onstruction that I ever met. It was said of him on one occasion that li^i would hang a man for blowing his nose in the street, but he would (;.iiish the indictment if it failed to specify which hand he blew with." — R.vvmond's Lincoln, p. 754. 554*. TELEGRAPH, Value of. Tvealy of Ghent. On the 18th of February the treaty was ratified by the Senate of the United States, and ])eace was publicly proclaimed. It was in the interim between the conclusion of the treaty and the reception of the news in the United States that the battle of New Orleans was fought. A telegram would have saved all the bloodshed. — RiDPATii's U. S., ch. 51, p. 414. 5543. TEMPER, Command of. Thevmtodes. Eurybiades said : ' Do not you know, Themis- tocles, that in the public games such as rise up before their turn are chastised for it V" " Yes," answered Themistocles ; " yet such as are left behind never gain the crown." Eurybiades, upon this, lifting up his staff, as if he intended to .strikf! him, Themistocles .said : " Strike if you please, but hear nie." The Laceda'moiiiaus, ad- miring his command of temper, bade him speak what he had to say.— Pi.I'Takch's Thkmibto- CI.KS. 5544. TEMPERAMENT, Changeful. HcnryH. [ilcnry II.] is dc.serii)ed as a lain!) when in good humor, but a lion or worse than a lion when seriously angry. — Kmiiht's Kncj., vol. 1, ch. 19, p. 279. 5545. TEMPERANCE, Allies of. Tea and Coffee. AVhile tea and coll'ee were taxed in their liquid state, and families sent to the coffe(!- liouse for a ([uart of the j)recious infusions, it was observed excess in drinking, especially about London, was somewhat lessened througii their use. — Knkhit's Kno., vol. 5, ch. 3, p. 88. 5546. TEMPERANCE of Athletes. (Irerian. Those who were designed for this profession fre- quent(!d, from their most lender age, the Gym- nasia or Pahesira', which were a kind of acadc- ndes maintained for that jnirijose at. the public; cxi)ense. In these jjlaccs, such young peo]>l(; were under the direction of dilTcrcnl masters, who employed the most effectual methods to inure their bodies for the fatigues of IIk^ public games, and to train them for the combats. The regimen they were under was very hard and severe. At first they had no other nourishmei'.t than dried figs, nuts, soft chee.se, and a coarse; heavy sort of bread, called /^dCa. They were ab- solutely forbidden the use of wine, and enjoined continence. — Roli.in's Hist., Book 10, ch. y, p. 424. 5547. TEMPERANCE, Beginning in. MrU Organization. The earliest organization to stem the torrent of intemperance in this republic w.)uld seem to have been that of " The Temper- !iie Society of Moreau and Northumberland" (Saratoga Co., N. Y.), which was instigated bv ])r. B. J. Clark, of Moreau, in ISIarch, 1808, anil constituted by the signature of forty-three mem- bers, mainly substantial farmers of the two towns named. Their constitution stipulated that "No member shall drink rum, gin, whiskey, wine, or any distilled spirits, or compositions of the same, or any of them, excei)t by the advice of a physician, or in case of actual disease (also excepting wine at public dinners), under penalty of twenty-five cents. Provi(ied, that this articlt! shall not infringe on any religious ordinance." And further, that " No member shall be intoxi- cated under penalty of fifty cents." And again: " No member shall offer any of said liquors to any other member, or urge any other person to drink thereof, under i)enalty of twenty -five cents for each offence." — Aitleton's Cyclopedia, " Abstinence." 554§. TEMPERANCE, German. Respected. It was not enough to have driven the Germans out of Gaul. Ca'sur respected their character. Head- mired their abstinence from wine, their courage, their frugal habits, and their pure morality. But their virtues made them only more dangerous ; and he desired to show them that the Roman arm was long and could reach them even in their own homes. — Froude's C/ESAR, ch. 10, p. 39. 5549. TEMPERANCE and Justice. King rhili}}. Philip, rising from an eutertainment at 000 TEMPKHANCi: 1 I. i :l wliidi he lind silton sfvcral lioiirH, was addreKsod by a wonmn, who hc/ircicd hitn to exuiiiiiic licr ciiii.so, and to hear several reasoiis she had to al- leije, whieh were not pleasinj,' to Iiini. Jleae- eordinf,dy heard it, and gave sentence auainst her ; u|)oii wliich she replied very cnhnly : " I appeal." " llcnv !" savs Philip, " from yonr kin;r v To whom, then ?'" " To Philip wheii"last- in^'," replied the wi.man. The mannerin whieh he received this answer would do honor to the most sober prince. He pive the cause a second liearinuj, aeknowledi,^ed llie injustice of his .sen- tence, and (;ondemned himself to make amend.-% for it. — lloij.iNrt IIiHT., IJook 14, 5^ 7. 5530. TEM?£BANC£ by Legislation. Spawncd to carry olT a cheap (|uart or gallon of the l)eloved li(pi()r. M"he act was evaded. Hawkers .sold a colort^d mixture in the streets, and pretended chemists opened shops for the sale of " C'holick-water." Fond. ])lavfu! naiiM's. such as "Tom ]{ow." "Makeshift," •' The Ladies Delight." " The Baulk." attracted customers to the old haunts. Iid'ormcfs were rolled in the mud. or pumped ui)on, or thrown into the Thames. It iM'catne necessary in 174M. when the consuini>tion of gin had positive- ly increased, to reduce the excessive duty. — IvMiiiiT's PLnc, Mil. (i. ch. 5, p. 7H. ^55?!. . AijiiiiiHt the I'txtr. |I'arli;i- ment passed an act in 1(5(IG| for rei)rc.ssmg the odious \nv of drunkenness, which viie wjis described as the overthrow of many good arts and manual trades, the disabling of divers work- men, and tlu' general impoverishing of many goo(l subjects. [The statute was directed against the sins of the humble. The tine of a convicted diunkard was five shillings. The king and his court set the example by tlieir intemperance, but their only fine was the odium of i)ubli(; opinion directed against them.] — Knioht'sEko., vol. iJ, ch. 22, ,). ;«!t. 555'!. TEMPERANCE, Mechanical. " Pcfis in Clip." The interference of [ St. Dunstan] the arch- bishop with the social cu.stoms of the peoph; is one of the stories told to his honor. They were in the habit of quarrelling abcmt the (pian- tity that each man .should drink out of tlie com- mon cup ; and he enacted that pegs should be put in the vessels, that no thirsty soul should take more than his just proportion. [He was prime-minister to King Edgar, A.l). 95^-975.] — Knioht's ENrh\ [William III. otl'ered him a nussiou to Uranden- hurg, which he decline . In the Htiilutcs of Loiidon |a.i>. f,'!»(i| "it is «'n joined that . . . idler ewrl'ew liell tolled . . . iioni' kee]) ii tiivern open for wine or ale." — Knioiit's E.Nii., vol. 1, ell. 2't, p. !)N(i. 5551>. TEMPEBANCE by Reaction. Jjimhi- )ii>iiii5tt0. . You 11(1 ('//run. [Voun": Cy- rus visited his jj:randfiUher Astyaires, the kinij of the Mecies, and playfully served as a cui)-hear- <'r.] Astyaifo.s t'nd)raced him with irreat fond- ness, and said. " I am mighty well i)leaaed, my dear child ; nobody can serve me with a better grace ; l)ut you have lorgotten one essential cere- mony, which is that of ta.sting." And indeed the cup-bearer was used to ])our some of tiie liquor into his left liand, and to t^usfe it, before lie i)re- .sented it to the king. " No," replied Cyrus, " it is not through forgetfulne.ss that I omitted tliat ceremony " " Wh}-, then," .said Astyages, " for what rea.sondid you doit ?" " Because I appre- liended there was poi.soi\ in the li(iuor. ' " Poi- son, child ! How could you think so ?" " Yes, ])oison, papa ; for not long ago, at an entertain- ment you gave to the lords of your court, after the guests bad drunk a little; of that liquor, I per- ceived all tlieir heads wen; turned — they sung, made a noi.se, and t^dkeil they did not know what ; j-ou yourself seemed to have forgotten that you were kuig, and they that they were subjects ; and when you would liav(; danced, you could not stand upon your legs." " Why," siys Asty- ages," have you n(!ver seen the same thing hap- j)en to your father V" " No, never," says Cyrus. " How is it with him when he drinks ?'' " Why, when he has drunk, his thirst is ([uenched, and tUat's all." — Rollin's Hist., Book 4, ch. 1, § 2. 5561. TEMPERANCE Reformation. FatJier Miitheir. Those unexp<'eted scenes at Limerick ♦Iccided Father JIathow's future career. He he- came the Apostle of Temperance. In some of the densely peojiled counties of Ireland he ad- ministered the pledge to tifty thousand persons a day for some days together. Three millionsof • he people of Ireland, it is computed, vowed themselves to total abstinence in his presence : and in America his success was not less a.ston- ishing. — Cyci,()I'i;di.v ofBiocj., p. \Vi. 5.162. TEMPERANCE, Religious. Mahomel. The interdiction of wine, ])eculiar to some orders of priests or hermits, is converted by Mahomet alone into a positive and general law ; and a con- siderable portion of the globe has abjiu'ed, at liis <'ommand, the use of that .salutary though dan- gerous liquor. These ]>ainful restraints are, «loubtless, inn-inged by the libertine and ehid- ed by the hypocrite. — Gibbon's Home, ch. oO, p. 11(3. 556:t. TEMPERANCE, Standard of. WiiMt>. 1!M). 5565. TEMPLE, Furniture of tho. Jnrish. The holy instruments of tho Jewish worship, the gold tabli^ and the gold candlestick with seven branches, originally framed according to the particular instructions of God Himself, and which were placed in the sanctuary of His teni- ])le, had been ostentatiously displayed to the Ro- man i)eople in the triimiph of 'i'itus. They were afterward deposited in the temple of Peace ; and at the end of four hundred j'ears the spoils of .Je- rusalem were transferred from Rome to Carthagt; by a Barbarian who derived his origin from tlie shores of the Baltic. — GiimoN's Ro.mk, ch. !50, p. 464. 5566. TEMPTATION dismissed. Murti/rJFoo- prr. [After Hooper's condemnation, the ru- mor went forth thi>t the fear of death had pre- vailed over his constancv. He wrote; a letter to rebut such rumors, ancl made this allirmation therein:] "I have taught the truth with my tongue and with mj' pen lieretofore, and here- after shall shortly confirm the same, by God's grace, witli my blood." . . . When, at the stake, he listened to the bitter laments of the conunon peojile, who .greatly loved him ; a par- don was offered him if lie would recant ; but he exclaimed, " If you love my soul, take it away." When he was fastened hy hoops of iron to the stake, he said the trouble was needless, for God would give him strength to abide the extremity of the tire without bands. His sufferings were of the most lingering nature ; but he remained calm and still to the last, and while flames were slowly consuming him, died as quietly. — IvNKurT's kx(i., vol. H, ch. (i. 5567. TEMPTATION, Intentional. Snmud Johinion. There is a very good story told of Sir Godfrey Kneller, in his character of a justice of the peace. A gentleman brought his servant before him. upon an accusation of having stolen some money from him ; but it having come out that he hail laid it pur])oseh' in the .servant's way, in order to try his honesty. Sir (rodfrey sent the master to pri.son. Johnson : " To re- sist temptation once is not a sullicient proof of honesty. If a .servant, indeed, were to resi.st the continued temiitation of silver lying in a win- dow, as some people let it lie, when he is .sure Ins ma.ster does not know how much there is of it, he would give a strong proof of honesty. But this is a proof to whicli you have no right to put a man. You know, humanly sjxiaking, there is a oertiin degree of temptation which will overcome any virtue. Now, in so far as (ioa TEMTTATION— TKSTIMONV ► '<] !t you (i|)pr(iarli temptation to ii iiitm, you do him an injury ; iiiid if lie is overcome, vou siiiiic his guilt." — JJoswKi-i.M Johnson, \). 'M\'-i. M«fi. TEMPTATION, Morbid. John Ihn,//,iii. lie had piined Ciiri.sl, lus Ik; called it. lie was now tempted " to .sell and i)arl with this most bleAsofi Christ, to exchange llim for the thin.u;s of this life — for anything. If there had hecn any rejil pros]>ect of worldly advantage before Hun- yan, which he could have gained by abandoning his religious jirofe.ssion, the words wo\d(l hav(! liad a meaning. . . . And yet he .says, "It lay upon me for a year, and did follow nw so (•ontiiuially that I was not rid of it one day in a month, .sometimes not an hour in many days together, vmless wlum I was a.sle(!p. 1 could neither eat my food, stoop for a pin, chop a stick nor cast my eye to look on this or that, but still the temptation would come, ' S(;ll Christ for this, #>ll Him for that ! Sell Ilim ! Sell Him !' " — FiioiinK's Bi;ny.\x, ch. !}. 5569. TENDERNESS with Courage. (lread with proportionate magnilicence. Damocles was all joy, and looked upon hinis(;lf as the hai)piest mail in the world ; when, unfortunately, casting up his eyes he beheld over his head the pviintof a sword, which hung from the roof only by a singk; hor.se-hair. He was immediately .seizi'd with a cold sweat ; everything disappeared in an instant ; he could .se(! nothing but the swovd, nor think of anything but his danger. In tho height of his fear he desired pcrmis.sion to retire, and declared he would be hapi)y no hjuger.-— Uolmn's Hist., Book i), ch. 1,^ 4. 5573. TERROR, Reign of. Fr,inr<: TIk? (^onimittee of Public Safety . . . <'ommenced by i)roclainiing a n(!W and hastily framed con- stitution, of an absurdly democratic and inipiac- ticablo character, which was inaugurated at ;i national feti; with pagan and atheistical ceremo- nies on the lOth of August. Next followed ii decree for a levy i:n indssc of all citizens cai)a- ble of bearing arms ; another for a forced loan amounting to lU'arlyone year's revenue ; anoth- er extorting from all landowners and farmers ii contribution of tw.)-tliirds of their produce in grain for the consumption of the army ; another imposing a maximum — that is, a fixed arbitrary price above which no provisions could be .sold — upon bread, meat, wine, salt, wood, and other articles. A farther mea.sure — the famous " loi dcs suspects" — placed the liberty and prop- erty of the whole population of France al tlu; uncontrolled disjiosal of the government, and soon tilled the prisons with upward of two hun- dred thou.sand miserable captives. — Stuui:.m>-' Franck, ch. 27, § 4. 5574. TEST for Office. lidif/ious. [Of Par- liament enacted under Charles II.] the Te^t Act provided that all jicrsons holding any oflicc, civil or military, should take th(; Oath of Su- l)reinacy, should subscribe a declaration against transubslantiation, and should publicly receive! the .sacrament according to the rites of the. Church of P^ngland. The preamble exprcKsed hostility only to the I'apists, but the enacting clauses were scarcely more imfavorable to I ho Papists than to the most rigid cla.ss of Purilaiis. — Maoallay's Eng., ch. 2, p. 208. 5575. TESTIMONY, Christian. For John, Bunyan. " One day, in a street in Bedford, iis he was at work in his calling, he fell in with three or four poor women sitting at a door in the suu talking about the things of God." lie was TESTIMONY—THANKSGIVING. 003 liiinself lit that tiiuo " ii brisk talker " about the luattors of reli)j;i()ii, and ho joined these women. Th(Mr expreasions were wliolly unintelli;;ible to liini. " They were speaking of the wretciied- nes.s of their own hearts — of tlicir unbelief, of their miserable sUite." Hun van left the women, and went about his work, but their talk went with him, " lie was greatly uiTected." " Jle saw that he wanted the true tokens of a godly man." He sought them out and spoke with tliem again and again. He could not stay away, and the more lie went the more he questiijned his condition. — Fuouuk'h IJunyan, ch. 2. 5S70. TESTIMONY, Imaginative. (Uioiihiis. He mentions in his journal that he saw three mermaids [in the West Indies] whicli elevated tiiemselves above the surfacioot the sea, and he observes that he had Ixiforc seen ."uch on the coast of Africa. He adds that they were by no means the beautiful l)eings they had been repri'- s(!nted, although they jjossessed some traces of the human coimtenance. It is supposed that llieae must have l)een manati or sea-calves seen indistinctly and at a distance ; and that the im- agination of Columbus, disposed to give a won- derful character to everything in this new world, had identified these misshapen animals with the .sirens of ancient story. — Iuvinu's Coi.t.MiJi.s, Book 5, ch. 1. 5577. TESTIMONY, Trial of. Middlo Afjrx. The ignorance of the judges, as well as the weakness of their authority in those rude ages, laid a natural foundation for another singularity in their legal forms, which was the judgment of God. A party accused of a crime was al- lowed to produce a certain number of wit- nesses, more or fewer according to the measin-e of the offence ; and if these declared upon oath their belief in the innocence of the accused, it was accounted a suflicient ju.stiflcation. Sevcin- ly-two compurgators were required to absolve an incendiary or murderer ; and Gregory of Toms relates, that when the chastity of a queen of France was suspected, three himdred nobles swore, without hesitation, that the infant prince liad been actually begotten by her deceased hus- band. It is not improbable that the notorious perjuries occasioned by this absurd practice gave rise to anotiier equally preposterous, and much more dangerous to the unhappy criminal. It wiis in the option of the judge to condemn the party accused to undergo the trial of cold water, of boiling water, or of red-hot iron. They began with the performance of the ma.ss, and the ac- cused person solemnly took the sacrament. If the trial was by cold water, the priest gave his bene- diction to the water, and performed exorcism, to expel evil spirits. The culprit, tied hand and foot, was then thrown into a pool of water ; where, if lie .sank to the bottom, and probably was drown- vd, it was a proof of his innocence ; but if he swam above, he was accounted certainly guilty, and condemned to death accordingly. The trial by hot water was performed by making the ac- cused person plunge his naked arm into a ves- sel of boiling water, and fetch from the bottom a consecrated ring. The aim Wiis immediately put into a bag, and sealed up oy the judge, to lie opened after three days ; when, if there were no marks of burning, the culprit was declared innocent. It is well known that there are compo- ■sitions which powerfully resist tlu; immediate etlects of tire, and which, in all probability, were not unknown in those days when there was so much occasion for them. The third proof was by holding in the hand, for a certain space of time, a red-hot iron, or by walking bare- footed over .several burning ploughshares or bars of iron. Perhaps it might Ins possible to elude even the dangers of this experiment, though certainly more dillicult thaa the ]ns\. Another ordeal was of a gentler sort ; it was IMirformed l)y conscscrating a jiiece of barlcy- l)r('ad and cheiise, and giving it to the accused Id eat, who, if he was not choked by it, was de- clared innoccnl. — Tvtleu'bHist., JJookG, ch. li, p. 7». 557M. THANKS ezpresaed, S. Juhmon. Mr. Sheridan told me that when he comnuuiicalctl to Dr. Johnson that a pension was to be granted him, he reiilied in a fervor of gratitude, " The English language! does not afford me terms adc- (juale to my f(,'elings on this occasion. I mu.-t. have recourse to the French. I am peiidre. willi his 3Iajesty's goodness." — IJoswKi.i.'s Joiinkon, p. 108. 5579. THANKSGIVING, Duty of. Nrf/WteiK [Henry Dorsc^y Gough, a wealthy Marylanil planter,] was riding to one of his plantations un- der a state of religious av/akeniiig. lb; heard the voice of jirayer and ])raise in a cabin, and, listening, discovered that a negro from a neigh- boring estate was leading the devotions of his own slaves, and offering fervent thanksgivings for the blessings of their depressed lot. His heart was touched, and, with emotion, he ex- claimed, " Alas, O liord, I have my thousands, and tens of thou.sands, and j'et, ungrateful wretch that I am, 1 never thanked Thee, lis this poor slave does, who has scarcely dollies to put on, or food to .satisfy his hunger !" [He never for- got the lesson.] — Stkvens' M. E. Ciiukcii, vol. 1, p. 2:{(). 55SO. THANKSGIVING, Threefold. ThahK. ille was one of the seven wise men of Greece.] le used to thank the gods for three things ; that he was born a reasonaiile creature, and not a beast ; a man, and not a woman ; a Greek, and not a Barbarian. l'|)on his nioth(>r's ]iressing him to marry when he was young, he told her it was then too soon , and, after several years were elapsed, he told her it was then too lale. — Roi.- lin'b Hist., Booko, art. 9. 55§1. THANKSGIVING for Victory, l^pnii- hih Antiiidd. [In 1.j8!), after the disjiersion of thi^ famous Spanish Armada by the British fleet of one half its tonnage, a national thanksgiving celebrated the victory.] On Sunday the 24th of November, Elizabeth rode in a chariot to Saint Paul's, in the most magniticent of dresses ; and the streets were hung with blue cloth ; and the comiianies of the city stood on both .sides in goodly order, and the trophies were carried in procession ; and the great captains of England's Salamis were about their queen ; and she gra- ciously saluted them by name ; and a solemn thanksgiving was offered up, and the glory given to God only. On that day there were also given in every church in the land " public and general thanks unto God, with all devotion and inward affection of heart and humbleness for His gracious favor extended toward us in our de. OG-l TIIKATllKS— TIIKATUM'AI-S. i: livcriinco luid (Icfi'iicc, in llic wond 'rful over- lluow uiid (Icslruclioii shown hy His nii^lity liiind oil our nmlicious cncinics, ific S|ianiiii(ls, wlio Imtl llioni^lit lo evade and make u eon ii'iest, of tli(! reiilni." — IvMoiir's Kno., \((1 ;j I a. 15, J). 2'.n. .'»5M2. THEATKES, Corrupted. h'/it/ZM. /•;////,- firiil/i (kiiliiri/. In tlieatrieal represenlalions of life then- wan seareely an atlenipl to exiiihil ji woman of .sensi; and modesiy. — K.NKiirr's .lO.Nd., vol. T), eh. 27. A«'(M3. THEATRES, Dangers of. .s. J„hnn<>,i. He, for ii eonMiderahle time used to fnMjuent liie (fin: a- room, and weenied to take delii^rhl, in dis- sipating: his fi;loom hy mixing- in llie si)rif;hlly ehit-eiiut, of thrince was executed on tin; scalTold in tlu; court of the Grand Chutclct, (jn the 12th of Atigust, 172!). 5597. THEOCRACY, American. J,irH--Viin- tdiin. New England, like Canaan, had been set- tled l)j' fugitives, liike the .lews, they had ll(;d to a wilderness ; like tlie .lews, th(;y looked to Heaven for a light to lead them on ; like the .I(;ws, th(;y had no supreme ruler but (rod ; like the .Jews, they had heathen for their foes ; and they derived their legislation from the .lewish code. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. Ji, ch. ID. 559N. THEOLOGY.Diffloulties in. Iufnitt' Deity. Iliero . . . asked Simonides his opi"ion with regard to the nature and attributes of the Deity. Tlie latter d(;sired one day's time to consider of it ; the next day he asked two, and went on in- creasing in the same proportion. The j)rince ])res.sing him to give liis reasons for these delays, he confessed that the subject was above liis ccmprehen.sion and that the more he reflected, the more obscure it ajiiieared to him. — Hoi.mn's Hist., Book 7, ch. 2, s^ 1. 5.^99. THEOLOGY, Effects of. Cromwfll. Was not merely his speech, but deep, far be- neath his speech, lay his great thoughts of God- and unless you understand his inner de]>th of vital conviction, you will have no comprehension of the man. . . . Manton, himself one of the greatest of these writers, says Cromwell had a large and well -.selected lilirary. Many of our most famous pieces were then unwritten ; but there were sonu; pieces of Smith, Caiidray, Adams, Owen, Goodwin, and Mede, and the earlier fathers, and Calvin, and Hooker, and Herbert's lyrics. We think such were the men with whom Cromwell walked and mused, and whose writings shed light into his soul. — Hood's Cromwell, ch. 1, p. 21. 5600. THEOLOGY, Philosopher's. Ava.rag- oras. Anaxagoras, . . . deviating most from the vulgar errors and .superstition, . . . was accused of impiety. He taught that the first effi- cient principle of all things was an immaterial and intelligent Being, existing from all eternity ; that the stibstrntiim, or subject of His operations, was matter, which likewise existed from all eter- 600 TIIEOLOOY— TIIKOItKTICAL. i , I;'! nily ill II cliaotic Htalc, foiiipnliciKliiijr the con- fused ni(liiii('iils of all (lilTcrcnt MulistanccH, wliiili tll(^ illlclliKflll lllillll of IllC ( tCMlDl- llisl .Hcpu- raU'd, iiiul tlu-ii coiiiliiiiud for llii; fiirinalioii of llio uiiivorso, mid of all liodicN, aniiiiaii' and iriaiii- iiialc. It in Inic! thai Tlialcs inopanali'd tlio (loctriiu! of an ctcmal mind, ili(> (Jrcator and Itulcr of the uiiiv('rs(' ; but lio, like most of tiio iiiicient pliiloHoplieiH, Hcenuid to consider tliis mind as united to matter, wliieli was animated by it, as tiio body is by tlie soul. — Tyti,ku'h IlirtT. , Booii a, eh. 9, p. 202. A60I. l'/ati>. The most coly- braled of tiu; (li8eipl(!H of Hoeiates was I'iato, a piiiiosopiier whose doctrines have liad a more extensiv(f ancy- ceive the objection from the boundless jiower of the Divinity, as he expre.s.si^s himself with great obscurity on the subject. His notions of God, howevcir, are not only most sublime, but ex- tremely refined. Ho conceived that the divine nature consisted of tlnve distinct essences, states, or hypostases : the first a i)ure and self-existent Essence, whose sole attribute was goodness, . . . the second ho conceived to be Mind, the wisdom or reason of the first, and the proper Creator of the universe, . . . the third he conceived to be the Soul of the world ; as he conceived the activity of created matter to infer an inhabiting mind, . . . simply . . . (the soul) or . . .soul of the world. The .second hi/postasis he supposed to be an emanation from the first, and the third from botli. Such is the Platonic Trinity, bearing, in its general de- scription, a strong resemblance to the Christian ; but diiTering in this material point, that in the former the second and third persons are sub- ordinate and inferior to the first. — Tytleu's Hist., Book 2, ch. 9, p. 271. 5602. . Stoics. The Stoical doc- trines have had a very extensive prevalence and duration ; and tliough in some particulars pal- pably erroneous, may be accounted, on the whole, more consonant to right reason and more favorable to the practice of virtue than those of any other sect of the philosophy of the ancients. According to the Stoics, the whole universe, and God Himself, the Creator and soiil of that universe, are regulated by certain laws, which arc immutable, and resulting from necessity. The iKitions of God Himself are regulated by thoH(! general laws ; ycl in one Henw they may be considered as free and voluntary, vl/.. , that as there is nothing cxlcrnal of the universe which God pervades, and which His soul regu- lates, there is nothing external of Himself which I can impel or necessitate him. Man, according j to the notions of the Stoics, is a part of the Df vinity. The human soul is a portion of tliat great ! soul which pervad<'s the universe. The will of ' man is subject, like the divine will, to unalter [ able laws ; yet it is virtually free, bee iiuse man I believes himself a free agent, and his conduct is I intluenced by that belief. He obeys voluntarily ' and from incliiialion that destiny which he must I have obeyed (inte, though he liiid not inclined I it. Man' being a part of the universe which is , regulated by God, cannot complain that he is i bound by tlie same laws which regulate and I bind universal nature, and even G(i5. THIEVES protected. Ihi Imw. a.i>. IDIi. Clifslcr fair, in Hit! liiiu' of .loliii, wiisu \itv\\[ if- Hiirl of vnpil)()iHlM ; for liy llic clmrlcr of llic city IK) otic could be there u|)pt'cliciHlc(i for any tiiefl or iiiiM(iec(l, except it were coiiimilled in liic fair. — KNKitifH Knu., vol. 1, cii. 132, p. ;W1». A606. THOUGHT conditioned. //// Um/ii ra- tion. H\v(^denliofg. willi amazing ohservalioti iinil Hapw^ity, Iuim inadt! a regular study of tins ratio Itetwccti tli<* rcnpiration and tlic tliou^lits mid oinolions ; he sliows in detail tluit the two corrcHpoiid exactly, and, moreover, that their cor- respoiideiuH! is one of tlu! longsou^lil links be- tween the soul and Uw body, whereby every thoutrhtis represented and carried out inoiiienta- neously in \\u' expanse of tlu; liuinan frame. It is difH(Milt to jfiv(! a more plain or excellent rea- son of llu! tie be! ween the body and ys generally u.sed pewter plates at table. It happened one day that Robert Peel drew a i)attern for calico on the ba(!k of one of his dinner-plates, and while he was look- ing at it, the tliought occurred to him that pi'i'- haps if heshoidd spread color upon it, and ap- I)l3' the requisite degree of pressure, he could get an impression on calico. In a cottage close to his farin-hous(! lived a woman who Jiad one of those machines for smoothing fabrics which worked by rollers. Having applied color to his pattern, and placed calico over it, he passed his plate between the rollers of this calendering ma- chine. He was delighted to tind that an excel- lent impression was made upon the calico, and thus was begun the invention of the process by which to this day calico is printed. — Cvclo- I'EDIA OF BlOG., p. 714. 5610. THOUGHTS, Serioru. Samuel John- son. " Alas ! sir," said Johnson, speaking, when in another mood, of grand hoii.ses, fine gardens, and splendid places of public amusement," alas ' sir, thes(^ arc only struggles for happiness. Wlien I tirst entered Itanelagh 't gave an iwpaii sioii and gay sensation to my mind such as 1 never experienced anywhere else. \U\l as .\er xes when he vi(!wed his immense army, and con sidered that not one of that great multitudi would be alive a hundred veai'H afterward, so it went to my heart to consider tliiil there was tiol one in all that brilliant eirele that was nut afraid to go home and tliiidt." — NoTi', in Ihvinu's (Joi.Ds.MiTii, :t. A6I1. THREATS, Government by. ('anliintJ Wohi'if. [When Caidinal Wojsi'y, in l.")2ri, n'sort- etl to the old trick of voluntary " benevolence," tli(! .icli yi<'lded to the irrc^gular exactions| in the form of gifts and loans, under the terror of smh sp(!eches as one which Wolsey made to the mayor and alderincn of London : " It were bettei that soiiu! should sutler indigence than tiie king at this time should lack ; and therefore beware. and resist not, nor rullh^ not in this case, for it may fortune to cost some their heads." — Knkiht'h Eno., vol. 2, ch. 11), |). !{();}, 56 1 il. THREATS ridiculed. N,i,ml,r,„ I. [.\fter d(!featiiig 200, (MM) Austriaiis, he marched against the pope's terrified army, under Cardinal Husca. intrenched upon the b;i!d Marliariaiis insisted thai he should pay toll, and piirehasi' his passatte over them, 'f'ho.se that attended him weri^ llred with itidi;(iiation, and tliou;,'lit it an iiisuU'erahU! thiiiif for a Uoman proconsul to pay toll to such a crew of liarharians. Hut Ik; made li<;'lit of the setunin;^ disf^iaee, and .said lime was the tliiiij; lu! purchased, than which nothing in tin; world could he more precious to a man enirai^cul in ;^real attempts. He Iherefore satistlcul tin; de- mands of IIk; niountaineers, and pa.s.sedover iiilo Hpaiii wilhout losinj^ a moment. — Pi,i;taii(;ii'm SiouTomus. AOIM. TIME saved. Wns/iiiu/ton. (Jenerai Henry Lee once oh.served to llie chief ; " WcMire amazed, sir, at thi; vast amount of work that you accomplish." Wtisliin^lon replied : " Hir, I rise at four o'clock, and a great deal of my work is done while others are asleep." [He retired at nine o'clock.]— Ciibtih' WAsiitNdToN, vol. 1, ch. 23. 5019. TIME, Systematized. Petroniiis Maxi- niitn. The private life! of the senator I'etronius Maximus wius often alleged as a rare example of human felieily. His birth was noble and illustri- ous, since he desciended from the Auician fami- ly ; his dignity was supported by an adecpiale patrimony in land and money ; and these advan- tages of fortuni; were accompanied with liberal arts and decent manners, which adorn or imitate the inestimable gifis of geniu;-) and virtue. The luxury of his palace and tabU; was hospitabh; and elegant. Whenever Maximus apjieared in public lie was surrounded by ii train of grateful and obsequioii.s clients ; and it is possible that umoiig these clients ho might deserve and pos- sess some real friends. His merit was rewarded by the favor of the prince and senate ; he thrice exercised the ottlco of Prietorian prefect of It- aly ; he was twice invested with the consulship, and he obtained the rank of patrician. These civil lionors were not incompatible with the en- joyment of leisure and tranquillity ; his hours, according to the demands of plea.sure or reason, were accurately distributed by a water-clock ; and this avarice of time may be allowed to prove the sense which Maximus entertained of liis own happiness. — GtBUON's Romk, ch. 36, p. 460. 5620. TIMES, Unfavorable. Eir/fiieenth Cen- tury. One of tlie grand difficulties in a historj' ] of {•"icdcrick is, all idoiig, this saiili', that he lived I in a cenlury which has no historv, and can have I liille or none. \ cenlury so opulent iti iicciimii- I lalcd falsities— .sad opulence descending oil il by inhcrilancc, always al compound Inlcrcsl, iitid always largely increased by fresh ac(|iiiremcnl on si'icli iiiimeiisjly of slaiiding cii|iiliil -opulent in lliat bad way as never cenlury before was ! Which had no longer the conscioiiMiess of being false, so false had it grown ; and was so sleepeij in falsity, and inipregiialed willi il lo Ihc very bone, llial, in fad, the measure of Ihe thing was full, and a i'^reneh Uevoliilion had lo end il. To niainlaiii much veracity in such an element, es- peciallv for a king, was no doubt doubly remark- able. Itiit now. How extriciite the man from his cenlury '.' How show the man, who is a reality worthy of being seen, and yet keep his century, as a hypocrisy worthy of being hidden and for- golteii, in the (hie abeyanci! 'I To resuscitate the eiglileenlh ceiiliiiy, or call into men's view, be- yond what is necessary, the poor and .sordid per- sonages and transactions of an epoch .so nilated to us, can be no purpose of mine on this occa- sion. 'I'lie eiglileenlh cenlury, it is well known, does not (igiiie to iik; as a lovely one, needing lo be kept in mind, or spoken of uiineces.sarily. To me the eiglileenlh century has nothing grand in il, except Ihal grand universal suicide, named French Uevoliilion, by which it terminated its otherwise most worthle.ss existence with at least oiu- worthy act— setting tire lo its old home and self, and going up in llaiiies and volcanic explo- sions in a truly nicnioralile and iniportani ninii- iicr. A very lit termination, as I tliaiikfiilly feel, for such a cenlury. — ('aui.vmc's Fhkdkuick Till'. (hiKAT, Mook I, ch. 1, p. 7. 50'il. TIMIDITY in Government. Comtan- tine. The .same timid policy, of dividing wliat- ever is united, of reducing whatever is eminent, of dreading civery active- power, and of expect- ing that the most feeble will prove the most obe- dient, seems to perviuUi the institutions of sev- eral princes, and particularly those of Constan- tine. — (JinitoNs iioMK, cli. 17, p. 12. 5022. TITLE authoriied. T<'miif/in the Tar- tiir. The ambition of 'I'eniugin condescended to I'lnploy the arts of superstition ; and it was from a naked proiihet, whocould ascend to heaven on a white liorse, that he acceiitiHl tlu! title of /in- gis, the iiioxt (jreiit, and a divine right to tlie con- quest and dominion of the earth. In a geiujral couroultiii, or diet, lu; was .seated on a felt, whicli was long afterward revered as a relic, and sol- emnly proclaimed great khan, or emperor, of tlic Moguls and Tartars. — Gibbon's Uo.mk, ch. 64, p. 2t«. 562:t. TITLE, Indifference to. J^'ttpoleoii I. [On his way to St. Helena.] The orders given by the [British] Ooveriiment . . . were very ex- plicit, that Napoleon should not be recognized as emperor, but simply as general. . . . Wlien informed of the decree, he simply remarked, " They (uinnot prevent me from being myself." — Abbott's Nai'oi.kon B. , vol. 2, ch. 21). 56il4. TITLE, Nominal. France and Kngland. The first and greatest cause of tlie [French and Indian war] was the conflicting territorial claims of the two nations. England had colonized tlio sea-coa.st ; Franco had colonized the interior of tlie continent. In making giants of territory. TITLK-Ton.. 0(10 the KiikIIsIi kiii^M had ulwiiyM iiiiicii'iitMl upon llio theory that tlit' V(iyu);r of SrIiaNtiaii ('ul>ol had ^ivi'ii to Kii);laiid a hiwfid ri^lit to tliccoiiii try from om- ocfaii to th(! other. — IIiiii'Ath'm U. H.. ell. ao, p. 'JIT. AiiaA. TITLE, A papal. Afrii;i. The eiithiiMi a.Hiii of I'ririce Henry was redoiihled hy the sue ecHM of lliese e.xperinieiit.s, and hi- resolved to I'liiploy the operation of a new and very power fill luotive to the proHeeiilion of hln Hcdieine.H of discovery. Unapplied to the I'ope, Kii>?ene IV., and repre.s(-nlin^ III!.!, Ihechief ohjeel of Ids pious wislicM was to Hjiread the kiio\vled>;e (d' the ( 'liris tiiin n!li|;ion anions tlio.s(! harharoiis and idola- trous imtions which occiiiiicd the ^aealest part of the eoiiiineiit, of Africa, he procured a fnifl. conft'rrin^ on the I'orliij^iicse an exclusive rl;ilil to all the countries which tliev had discovered, or ini^lit discover, hetween ('ape Non and the continent of riidia. KidiciiioiiM as such a dona tion appears to us, it was never doiihted al thai tiiiu; tiiat the pope had a ri^ht to confer it, and, what, is very singular, all llie Kuropean powers, for a conHhlerahlt! Hpac(* of time, paid the most implicit d(>ference to tin* ^'I'ld, iind acknowl- (Mif^ed the ('xclusivo title of the Portu^m'se to almost the wliole continent of .\frieu.— Tyt- i.Mi's Hist., Hook 0, ch. IH, ]). '2W. a0tl6. TITLE, Terrible. " S<-o,iri/<:»f(htl.- It wasdurini; the retreat from ()rl(!anstliata(!liris tian iK^rmit is rejiorted to liavi; a|)i)roa('li(>d the Huniiish kiii^, and said to him, " Phoii art thi' Hcoiirj^e of ( }od for tlu^ chastisement of the ( 'hris- tians." Altila instantly a.s.sumed this new title of terror, which thenceforth becamo thi^ appel latioii Ity which he was most widely and most fearfully known.— DkcihivI': Hatti-ioh, t^ 24M. A<(47. TITLE by the Sword. Srottinh liitroiiH. Edward I., having forfeited tlie estates of many of the Scottish liarons, frj-anted them to his Knj,'- lisli Hiihjects. These wereoxpelled by the Scots, who seized their lands. Amid such freipieiit changes, many held their posse.s.sions hy titles (!Xtr(!mely defectiv(\ and Kohert formed on this frround ascliemo forcheckiiif^ tlie^^rowiiifj jiow- er and wealth of his nobles. H(> summoned them to appear, and show by what rifjflits they held their lands. " Hy this right," said each of them, laying his hand upon his sword ; " by tlie sword W(! gained them, and by that wo will defend them." Ilobert, ai)preliensive of the (loiise- quencesof exasperatiii!:^ this resolute; spirit of his nobles, wisely dro|>p(;d the .scheme. — Tyti.kh'h IIiHT., Hook «, ch. 14, p. 230. 5G3A. TITLES, Pompous. Romans. [During the reign of C/Oiistantinel the principal otliccrs of the empire were sivlutcd, even by the sove- reign himself, with the deceitful titles of j-our Hinreritjf, your Gravity, your hlvcHlcncji, your Eminence, your Sublime and wonderful Mar/ni- tiuk, your Jllustrious and mapniflcent Jfif/hnens. — Gihhon's Romk, ch. 10, p. 108. 5030. TITLES, Sale of. James IT. [Sir An- tony Shirley invented a wholesale mode of ob- taining supplies for King James I., by the sale of lionors. One hundred thousand pounds were ob- tained by the .sale of baronets. A title interme- diate between a knight and a baron was bestowed at the price of £1095.]— Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 23, p. 355. A«:iO. TITLES, Stgnifloant. Sfate. [The Arab rulers gav(' to some of their sernintH tlie title of I'lis/ia, wiiieli wart derived from two Persian words, imi and srhati, which signify foot of the Shah. | This Asiatic denomination goes back to Cyrus. He gave, by extension of his au- thority, to Ills princiiial oDlcers the name of oiio of the meinlH'rs of his person. The adminlstrii- tors were \\Uef/iH ; the tax collectors his lian T()II.-T()LKIIATI<)N. Il 1! Iiniiil li.v iliiy liiliitr In n jtunli'ii wllluiiiMlu' city ills lnmcsiy 1111(1 Init'ifrily liiul rcdiucd lilm, lis vvfll iiM iirmy iiiorr, lu siirli cxIrriiH' ixivniv. S(ili*ly liilriil'npoii his jnlMir, lie did not ln'ur llii' rlii-tliiiii^ of the arniH wldtli inul sliakcii mII AhIii. I li"inK of royal hlood. Alrxaiulcr iimdi' him tiin^ of iIk' Sldonliiiis| Aliximdcr coininimdcd llic newly I'Icctcd prinri'lo Im' sent fur. und nftrr Hiirveyin^X Mm ullriilivcly u lonu; linic, Npoke ihiH : " 'I'livair and ndcn do not contnidicl what In liilalrd ol' thy cxlrarllon ; hnl I Mhonid ix'^lad lo know with whair franic of mind thou didst licar tliy poverty." " Would to the «'"!«," re- plied he, " that 1 may hear this erown witheijuid foi'litnde ! 'I'liese hands have; procured me all 1 desired ; and while I possessed nothing;, I want lid nothing." 'I'his answer j^uve Alexander a liii;h idea of Alidolonymus' virlu(>, so that he IH'esenled him not only with all the rich furni lure which hail lielonu:ed lo Siralo, liul with part, of the i'ersian plunder, and likewise annexed one of the iieiL^hliorinu, provinces to his dondn- ions — UoM.is's llisr , Hook 15, ;^ (I. •1lan, and enlirely marked il out ; and nntny of the tr support of I he ministry, was contrary to the leacli- iiigs of Hie gospel. When arraigned for IheNc bad doctrines, he crowned his olTcnces by telling Hie court thai a test of church memlx'rshlp in a voter or a public ollleer was as ridiculous as the seleclion of a doctor of jihysic or Hie pilot of a ship on account of Ids skill in theology. These assertions raised such a slorin in court that Will- lams was condemned for heresy and banished from Hie colony. In Hie dead of winter he left home, and beciime an exile in the desolate forest. Eor fourteen weeks he wandered on tlirough the snow, sleeping at night on the ground or in a hollow tree, living on parcluMl corn, acorns, and roots, lie carried witli him one |)r«M'ious treas- ure, a iirivate letter from (loveriior Wintiirop. giving him woiiis of cheer and encouragement. . . . With live companions who had joined him in biinishment. lie embarke(l in a canoe, |iassed down the liver, and crossed to the west side of the bay. Mere he was safe ; Ids enemies could liunt liini no farllier. A tract of land was hon- orably purcha.scd from Canoniciis ; and in June of lltidi Hie illustrious founder of Rhode Island laid out the city of IVovidenee.- UiDrATii's U. S.. ch. i;t. 1). '!2H. A4>:iO, TOLERATION commended. Cromirdl. Cromwell's whole ideas of religious liberty rose and ranged far lieyond tlio.se of most of the men of his ag(!. How impressively this comes out in his corres])on(ience witli the Scotch commission- ers and l^rcHbytcrian clergymen after the battle of Dunbar! " You say," he writes, "that vou have just cause to regret f Imt men of civil eniploy- nieids should usur|) the calling and employment of the ministry to the sciindal of th(! Heformcd kirks. A re you trouliled that Christ is j)reaehed ? Is preacliing so exclusively your function V I thought the Covenant and these professors of it could have been willing that any sliould speak good of Hie name of Christ ; if not, it is no cove- nant of (fod's approving ; nor are llut.se kirks you mention in so much the si)ouse of Clirist. Where do you find in tli(! Scripture 11 ground to warrant such an assertion that preaching is exclusively your function?" — IIood'h Cuomweli,, ch. 5, p. \m. 5010. TOLERATION condemned. By Puritans. Tlie treatise of Thomas Edwards, . . . in his "Oangrena" [,)ul)lislied in time of Oomwell, and disapproved by him, sayH :] "A toleration is the grand design of the devil — his masterpiece, and chief engine he has at this time, to uphold his tottering kingdom. It is the most compendious, ready, sure way to destroy all religion, lay all waste, and bring in all evil. It is u most tran- Tnl.KKATION— TOinritK. 071 Mci'iiilnit, nilliiilic, iiiiil fiiiiiliiiiK'iititl evil for tlilw kiiij^ilniii of iiiiy Hint ciiti lie liiiai^liii ollyon, the deslroyer of all religion, the ahoinination of all deHolatlon and aNtonishnieiil, the lilierty of perdilion, mid therefore tlieilevii follows It ni;;lil and day, worliin;; inlKhtily in inaiiy ity writing liooks I'or It, mid other wiiyH all tlie devils in liell and their instriiinents lie !n^ al worii to proniole a toleralion." -IIood'h C'UoMWKI.I., eh, ,*», p. H(2. AU 1 1. TOLERATION, Edict of. hrntii, Fmiwr. An eiliel was piililislied at St. Oerinains in .lanii ary, ITid'J, l>y wliieli permission wasj^lven to the l(ii;;iienots throughout: the kin>;doin to liold ineelin^s for religious worship outside tlu.' walls of towns, and all penalties enacted a/jainst them wc-re aliolislied. 'I'hey were re(|uired, on llu^ other hand, to reston! to tlie dominant eommnn- ion all (liurehes of whieli tliey had W!'(in;,!;fiiliy taken possession ; to ahstaiii from preaching against tlu! Calliolic faith ;and to leave the clergy ill iieacealile en|oyineiit of their titlies and other eiKlowinents. M'iiis was tlie first olllcial recogni- tion of tlie principle of religious loieriition in France.— Stiidionth' Kk.vncic, eh. !(}, 554. AOI'J. TOLERATION forgotten. I'liritdiiit. Till' Puritan and repulilieaii |)arty in Marylmid had grown sulllciently strong to di'fy the |)ro- prictor and ('atholics. A Protestant assemlily wa.s convened at I'atuxent in October of 1(J.")4. The first act, was to acknowledge tiu! Huprt-iiuu-y f)f {/roinwell ; the ne.\t to disfrmiclii.se tlie C!atho- lics mid to deprive; them of tlu; protection of the laws. The ungrateful representatives seemed to forgiMthat if Lord Haltimoro had beeiieiiually in tolerant not oik; of th(;m vyould have; had even a residence within the limits of Maryland. It woidd bo diiii. lit to find a more; odious piece of IcglHla- tion than that of Mk; iis.s(;mbly at Piituxont. Of course the ('atlioiii; i)arty would iiot siibmit to a code; by which lliey were virtually banished from their own i)rovinc(;. Civil warensu(;d. Governor Htoiu; organi/.eil and armed the militia, seized flu; reconls of the colony, and marched against llio opposing forceps. .\ decisive liattic; was fought just across the estuary from the present site of Annapolis. The Catholics were defeated, with a. loss of fifty men in killed and wounded. 8tone himself was taken prisoner, and was oniy saved from death by the j)ersonal friendshi|) of some of tlie insurgents. Three of the Catholic leaders were tried by a court-martial, and executed. — RiDi'ATi[H 1). S., ch. 30. p. 232. M4n. TOLERATION, Partiality In. Cmmirell. We wonder at sonu; things in Cromwell's history. We wonder that in his after years, while his soul was so blessed by a large toleration, he so reso- lutely and intolerantly hated Ilomunlsm. We must remember, us we have already .said, that when Oliver was six years old there came to his fiither'N hoUM4> in lluntin wiiM only eleven years old the brave Henry of Navarre was murdered in the streetM of Paris- tine defender of ProtestantlMin that he Was I Pieces of news like thesi' were calelilaled to Hting a boy's memory, and to remain tliere, and to leave a perpetual irrilatlon. Popery was toll)' haled tlieii ; we now may iilTord to forgive what Pop<>ry has done. Iloon'h Cko.mwki.i., ch. 2, p. :i:i. A«ll. TOLERATION, Popular, OUi'ii- Crom- Will. I lie was very liiiler against priests, and Would not have the mass, but he says ;| ,\s for the peoiile, what tlioiights hav(; they in mailers of religion, in their own breasts, I caiiiioi reacli ; but shall tliink it my duty, if they walk honestly and peaceably, not to cause them in the least to siitTcr for the same ; and shall endeavor to walk patiently and in love toward them, to see if it shall please Ood to give them another or a belter mind. Kmoiit'h Kmi., vol. 4, ch. I), p. 120. SH\M. TOLERATION, Remarkable. Tiwoiir. One circumstance which slroiig'y niarksu great ness of character in this Tartar potentate was his toleration. He believed him.self neitlier in tlie seel of the Lama nor in the failh of Mahnmet, but a(;knowledgcd one Huprep;.' Heing, witl'out any mlxtureof sui)erslilious )bservan<;es ; yet he suiTeredall iiieii, both Mussulmans and idolaters, to exercisi; tliei- own religions worsliip ; and while hi; was passing Mount l.ilianiis, he is said to have even assisted, with reveieiice, at the religious ceremonies of some of the Christian an- clior(;ts who dwelt on that inountain. — I'vti.ku'h Hist'., Hook 0, ch. 1:1, p. 2(IM. A6ltf. TOMB of Pleaiure seeker. SanUtiin- pnhiH. [Alexander came to .Xnchiaia, liuill by Sai'danu|>alus. | His tomb was still to be .seen in that city, wltli this inscription : " Sdvildniipiilnit built Aiichiiilii rince, in this vast and almost boundless pile of building, a little vault six feel in length. Besides, the kings who built the.se jiyramids had it not in their power to be buried m lliem, and .so did not enjoy flu; .sei)ulchre they had built. The imblic hatred which they in- curred, by reason of their unheard-of cruelties to their subjects, in laying such heavy ta.sks upon them, occasioned tlieir being interred in some obscure place, to prevent their bodies from being exposed to the fury and vengeance of the popu- lace.— Uoi.i.in's Hist., Book 1, ch. 2, ^ 2. ft64»l. TORTURE of Criminals. France. [Louis XV. was stabbed witii a penknife in the hand by a crazy fanatic named] Damiens, who de- clared that his purpose was to punish the; king for his tyrannical treatment of the Parliament, and to 672 TOKTUUE— TUADE. . I'l!^ in force him to take meiisures for preventing tlio rofusul of tlie siicriunents. After being cruelly tortured, the wretched criniiniil was executecl with all the friglitful barbarities whicli tlie law denouu('ed on parricides : his liinljs were torn with red-hot pincers, and boiling melted lead was poured into the wounds ; after which his body was draggcil in pieces oy four liorses, and the remains burnt and scattered to the winds. — Stu- DKNTS' FUANCK, ch. "4, g 2. 5649. TOETURE, Punishment by. Iron Boot. fit was a boot of iron put on the leg, and wedijcs were ilriven In, commonly against the calf, i)ut sometimes on thohhin-bone. OfHcers of the Eng- lish Government used it to punish disloyal or suspected Scotchmen in Edinburgh.] — Knight's En(i., vol. 4, ch. 17, p. 294. 5650. TORTDEE, Terrible. Garibaldi. He became involved in one if those wars between Republicans and Absolutists which desolated the countries of South America for so many years. He fouglit (>n sea and on land , He wa,^ wounded and shipwrecked. He comm.;iidcd fleets and regiments. He was victorious and defeated. Once, being taken a priyoncr, he was cruelly beaten with a club, then hung by his hands fo a beam for t\.'o hours, and when cut down fell helple.sb to t\te eartli. — Cyclopedia of Bigg., p. 495. 5651. TORTURE, Testimony by. John How- ard. In all the prisons of the Continent lie found one horror which was unknown in England — a torture chamber. It was a custom then, in all the countries of Europe, except Prussia, to sub- ject criminals to the torture, in order to coi.i[)el them to confess their crimes and reveal their ac- complices. ThL chamber was usually under ground, that the cries of the sufferer might not be heard. Clad only in a long flannel gown, the trembling victim was led to ihis apartment, where were assembled the magistrates, the exe- cutioners, a surgeon, and a secretary ; and there he was tortured till his agony had wrung from him a conf elision, real or fictitious. Sometimes it was the thumb-screw, sometimes tlie boot, sometimes a chair with blunt spikes in the seat ; sometimes it was a machine for dislocating the arms ; cometimes it was the lash or the shower- bath, that tried the endurance of the acciLsed. The.se chambers of torture Howard visited, but he purposely forjbore to lend a false attraction to his book by describing them. — Cyclopedia OF Bioc). , p. 50. 5652. TEACTS effective. Religions. [Dr. Coke, in 1785, gave a tract, being an extract of ]\Ir. Law's "Treatise on the Nature and Design of Christianity," to a fami'y named Cowles, in Wil- liamsburgh, Va.] By means of it they were so stirred up to seek the Lord, that the father, the mother, and six children, who were married, with their husbands and wives — fourteen in all — were converted. The man who received the tract be- came a pveacher. — Stevens' M. E. Church, vol. 2, ,1. 287. 5653. TEADE, Contempt for. Samuel Johnson. Being solicited to compose a funeral sermon for the daughter of a tradesman, he naturally in- quired into the character of the deceased ; and being told she was remarkable for her humility end condescension to inferiors, he observed that tho.se were very laudable qualities, but it might not lie so easy to d'u'over who the lady's inferi- ors were. — Bosvvicll's Johnson, p. 175. 5654. TEADE, Illicit, Amencan Colonies. A.D. 1703. It was iliought that of a million and a half pounds of tea consumed anmiuUy in the colonies, not more than one-tenth part was sent from England. Grenville [prime-minister] held that the contraband was all stolen from the com- merce and |)art of it from the manufactures of Great Britain, against . . . the law. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 5, eli. 9. 5655. TEADE, Inhuman. Slam Trade. By the treaty ot I'trecht England gained the monop- oly of the slave trade in Spanish and British America. Controlling the trade in slaves, who cost nothing but trinkets and toys and refuse arms, England gained, by the sale of the children of Africa into bondage in America, the capital which built u,) and confirmed a British empire in llindostan.— Bancroft's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 21. 5656. TEADE, Laws for. England. [In 1509] the complaint of tho Commons, that hat- makers and cap-makers "sell their hats and caps at an outrageous price," averring that what they buy for sixteen-pence they sell for three shil- lings, is simply evidence of lack of competition. [It was enacted that no hatter should sell the best hat above the price of twenty-pence. But the purchaser really obtained no cheaper com- modity ; he lo.st in quality what he gained in price.] — Knight's Eng., vol. 2, ch. 15, p. 25L 5657. TEADE, Overreaching in. Egyptians. The general ('haracter of the Egyptians, with re- spect to morals, contributed likewise to draw upon them the di.sesteem of other nations. They have been generally accused by the ancients of great cunning and in.sincerity in their dealings. The term KvyoTrea^eiv, to play the Egyptian, was proverbially u.sed by the Greeks to signify cozen- ing and overreaching. — Tytler's Hist., Book 1, ch. 4, p. 47. 565§. TEADE regulated. FLved Prices. Aa edict was issued in the name of the four Ca3sars — Diocletian, Maximian, Con.stantius, and Gale- rius. It fixed a maximum of prices throughout the empire for all the necessaries and commodi- ties of life. The preamble insists, with great vehemence, on the extortion and inhumanity of the venders and merchants. . . . The edict, as. Colonel Leake clearly shows, was issued a.c. 303. Among the articles of which the maximum value is assessed an; oil, salt, honey, butchers' meat, poultr}', game, fish, vegetables, fruit, the wages of laborers and artisans, schoolmasters and ora- tors, and clothes. — Milman's Note in Gibbon's. Rome, ch. 13, p. 410. 5659. . Boman Emperor Julian. When the luxurious citizens of Antiocli com- plained of the high price of poultry and fish, Ju- lian publicly declared that a frugal city ought to be satisfied with a regular supply of wine, oil, and bread. . . . The emperor ventured on a very dangerous and doubtful stop, of fixing, by legal authority, the value of corn. He enacted that, in a time of scarcii-y, It ?hould be sold at a price which had seldom been known in the most plen- tiful years. . . . The con.sequences might have been foreseen, and were soon felt. The Imperial wheat was purchased by the rich merchants ; the TRADE-TRAINING. o:;5 proprietors of liind, or of com, witlilicld from tlic city the accustomed supply, and tlie small th to twenty-seven, and then thickens it with " tlock powder," the " devil's dust" of modern times. — Knihiit'h Eno., vol. 2, ch. 29, p. 480. S662. TRADES UNION, Objection to. Caxte. In the towns the organization of trades, witli their strict laws of apprenticeship and tlieir guilds, e.Kcluded from compc^tition with tlie rec- ognized artisan all those who liad not the claim of caste — for caste it was, when a workman must have been brought up to a calling, and could follow that calling anm ; and the chief of these was l.eoiu- das, a relation of the queen, and a person of the most severe morals. Alexander himself related afterward, that this Leouidas, in their journeys together, used fre((uently to look into thetrunks where his bed and clotlies wen; laid, in oi'der to see if Olympias, his mother, had not put some- thing superfluous into them, which might admin- ister to delicacy and luxury. — Rollin's Hist., Book 15, 55 1. 5669. TRAINING, Lack of. Military. It is the misfortune of men of superior military ability that their subordinates are generally failures when trusted with independent commands. Ac- customed to obey implicitly the instructions of their chief, they have done what they have been told to do, and their virtue has been in never thinking for them.selves. They succeed, and they forget why they succeed, and in i)art attril)ute their fortune to their own skill. With Alexander's generals, with Ca-sar's, with (.'romwell's, even with some of Napoleon's, the story has bei n the same. They have been self-confident, yet when thrown upon their own resources tljey have driven back upon a judgment which has been inadequately trained. The mind which ginded them is 'ibsent. The instrument is called on to become self-acting, and neccs.sarily acts unwise- ly. — Froude's C/esak, cli. 25. 5670. TRAINING, Lasting. Scott's Mother. Sir Walter's mother, who was a Miss Rutherford, the daughter of ajihysician, had been better edu- cated than most Scotchwomen of her day, in spite of having been sent " to be finished off " by " the honorable Mrs. Ogilvie," who.se training was so eifective, in one direction at least, that even in her eightieth year Mrs. Scott could not enjoy a comfortable rest in lier cliair, but " took as much care to avoid touching lier chair with her back as if she had still been under the .stern eyes of ]\Irs. Ogilvie." — Hutton's Like ok Siu Wal- ter Scott, cli. 1. 5671. TRAINING by Obedience. Spartans. They accustomed the children from their earliest infancy to an entire submission to the laws, mag- istrates, and all in authority ; and their edu- cation, properly .speaking, was no more than an apprentlcesliip of obedience. It was for this rea- son that Agesilaus advised Xenophon to send his children to Sparta, as to an excellent school, where they might learn the greatest and most 674 THAININiS— TKAiMl'S. f| noble of all "ciences, to obey and to command, lor the one naturally leads on to the other. — UoLLiNH Hist., Book 10, ch. 1, § 1. sera, training, Physical. Romans. In treating of tiie nysteni of lioman education, we have taKen notice of those exercises of the body to which all the youth of the republic were accus tonu'd from their earliest infancy. By the con- stant practice of wrestling, boxing, launching the javelin, running, and swimming they were inured from their cradle to that species of life which a soldier leads in the most active campaign in the fleld. They were accustomed to the mili- tary place — that is, to walk twenty miles, and sometimes twentyfoiu', in four hours. During these marches they carried burdens oi sixty pounds' weight ; and the weapons with which they were armed were double the weight of those which were used in the actual field of battle. — Tyti.kk'h Hist., Book 4, ch. .'>, p. 4.W. 5673. TBAININO, Success without. William Prince of Oran(/e. The faculties which are nec- essary for the conduct of great alTairs ripened in him at a time of life when thej- have scarcely begun to blos.som in ordinary men. Since Oc- tavius the world had seen no such instance of precocious statesmanship. Skilful diplomatists were surprLsed to hear the weighty observiUions wliich at seventeen the prince made on public affairs, and still more surprised to .see the lad, in situations in which he might have been expected to betray strong pa.ssion, preserve a composure as imp(!rturl)al)le as their own. At eighteen he sat among the fathers of the Commonwealth, grave, discreet, and judicious as the oldest among them. At tweutj'-one, in a dny of gloom and terror, he was placed at the head of the ad- ministration. At twenty-three he was renowned throughout Europe as a soldier and a politician. He had put domestic factions under his feet ; he was the .soul of a mighty coalition ; and he had contended Avith honor in the lield against some of the greatest generals of the age. — Macaulay's Eng., ch. 7, p. 153. 5674. TBAITOE, Political. Mr. Uuske in Parliament. A. D. 1763. A native of New Hamp- shire, educated at Boston, now member [of Par- liament] from Maiden, . . . boasted that taxes might be laid on the colonies to yield £5,000,000 [only £200,100 were proposed by the ministrj'], which would secure the promised relief to the country gentlemen. This sum, he insisted, the Americans were well able to pay ; and he was heard by the House with great joy and attention, betraying his native land for the moment^iry plciisure of being cheered by the aristocracy, which was so soon to laugh at him. — Ban- croft's U. S., vol. T), ch. 9. 5675. TRAITOH punished. By Mother. The great Pausanias, who had beaten the Persians in the battle of Platiea,and who on many occasions had behaved with great generosity as well as moderation, at last degenerated and fell into a scandalous treaty with the Persians, in hopes, through their interest, to make himself sovereign of Greece. As soon as he had conceived these Rtrange notions, he fell into the manners of the Persians, affected all their luxury, and derided the plain customs of his country, of which he had formerly been so fond. The Ephori waited some time for clear proof of his treacherous de- signs, and when they had obtained it, determined to imprison him. But he tied into the temple of Minerva C'halcioicos, and they besieged him there. They walled uji all the gates, and his own mother laid the lirst stone. When they had al- most starved him to death, they Inid hands on him, and by the lime thevhad got him out of the temi)le he expired. — Kotk in Pi.ittakcii'« LiVKS. 5676. TRAITOR, Shameless, lin'tin of James II. [FiOrd Siuiderland, the prime-minister, was apprehensive of retribution whciitlic revolution should take place.] There was yet one way in which he might escape — away mori' terrible to a noble si)irit than a i>rison or a sculTold. He might .still, by a well-timed and us- 'iil treason, earii his pardon from the foes of the government. It was in his power to render to them at this conjuncture .services beyond all price ; for he had the royal ear ; he had great inllueiue over the ■Jesuitical cabal ; and he was blindly trusted by the French ambassador. . . Whenever he wished to transmit a secret message to Holland, he sjioke to his wife ; she wrote to Si(Jney, and Sidney communicated her letter to William. One of her communications was intercepted and carried to .James. She vehemently protested that it was a forgery. Her husband, with characteristic in- genuity, defended himself liy representing that it was'quite impossilile for any man to be so base as to do what he was in the habit of doing. " Even if this is I^ady Sunderland's hand," he .said, " that is no affair of mine. Your Majesty knows my domestic misfortunes. The footing on which my wife and Mr. Sidney are is but too public. Who can believe that I would make a contidaiit of the man who has injured my honor in the tenderest point — of the man whom, of all others, I ought most to liate 't" This defence was thought satisfactory ; and secret intelligence was still transmitted from the wittol to the adul- teress, from the adulteress to the gallant, and from the gallant to the enemies of .James. — JIa- CAULAV'S ENt4., ch. 1), p. 411. 5677. TRAMPS, Philosophic. Cynics. The morality of Socrates . . . was pushed the length of extravagance by the Cynics. The founder of this sect was Antisthenes, a pupil of Socrates. . . . To evince his contempt of luxury, he chose to wear an old and Uittered cloak. " Why .so os- tentatious '('" said Socrates. " Through your rag- ged coat I .sec your vanity." Virtue, in the opinion of the ('ynics, consisted in renouncing all the conveniences and comforts of life. They clothed themselves in rags, di.sdained to live in a house, slept in the streets, ate nothing but what was coarse and insipid, and wandered about tlie country with a stick and a knapsack. They de- cried all the arts as either useless or dangerous. Science was altogether iruitlcss and unneces.sary ; for a virtuous man had altainetl to the perfec- tion of his nature, and had no need to learn any- tl ing. From voluntary ignorance they advanced to impudence ; and having nothing to lose, while they scorned all gain, they indulged themselves in satire andinvective without restraint. . . . Tlie vices with which Diogenes has been reproached are hardly to be believed, when we know that some of the most virtuous of the Greek.s were liis admirers and disciples. — Tytleb's Hist. , Book 2, ch. 9, p. 269. TRANCE— TRAVEL (iTf) 5678. TRANCE, Continuous. Himleaborg. A Hliorl tiiiio before his deiith he lay for some weeks in a trance, without any sustenance. — Whitk'h S\vi;i)i;nii()H(i, cii. 28, p. 200. A070. TRANCES, Punished for. KUzahcth Burton. [Eli/.al)cth Harton, the nun of Ivt'Ut, cliiinied lo iiave l)een iniraculouslv restored to lieaitli. Hiiehad been h)ngsick, anil could not eat or drink by a long space, and in the "iolencc of her inrtrniily hIks seemed to be in trances,] and spoke and uttered many foolish and idle words. [She comnuMiced, about 1525, to liavej trances and revelations. She had revelations and special knowledge concerning Cardinal Wol.sey, and also the king's highness, concerning his uiarriagc, so that she said if he did marry another woman his grace should not reign king past one month afterward. . . . Shi! saw the king, Anne lioleyn, and the Earl of Wiltshire walking in a garden ; and a little devil whispering in the lady's ear to send her father witli a great bribe to the em- peror. She saw evil spirits struggling for Wol- sey's soul after his decease. Siie .saw i)ersons whom tlut angel of God had appointed to be at her death when she should receive the crown of martrydom. [She was exocut(;d for conspiracy of treasoti, and involved Bishop Fislier and Sir Thoma^ .More in a similar fate.] — Knkmit'h E.\o., vol. 2, ch. 22, p. :J52. 5680. TRAVEL, Benefits of. Cnisuders. The contemi)t with which, in llu; last century, it was fashionable to speak of the pilgrimages', the sanctuaries, tiie cru.sades, and the monastic in- stitutions of the Middle Ages. In times when men were scarcely ever induced to travel by liberal curiosity, or the pursuit of gain, it was better that the rude inhabitant of the north should visit Italy and the east as a pilgrim, than that lui should never see anything but those s(juali(l cabins and unclcareil woods among which he was born. — Mac.\ui..\v'8 Eng., ch. 1, p. 7. 5 6§ I. TRAVEL, Dangers of. Swede > i ho rr/. In the year 1710 I set out for Gottenburg, th.nt I might be conveyed, by ship, thence lo liOndon. On the voyage my life was in danger four times : first on some shoals, toward wliich we were driven by a storm, until we were within a quarter of a niile from the raging breakers, and we thought we saould all perish. Afterward we narrowly escaped some Danish pirates under French colors ; and the next evening we were fired into from a British ship, which mistook us for the .same pirates, but without much damage. Lastly, in London it.self, I was exposed to a more serious danger. While we were entering the harbor, some of our coiuitrymen came tons in a boat, and persuad(;d me to go with them into the city. Now, it was known in London that an epi- demic was raging in Sweden, and therefore all who arrived from Sweden were forbidden to leave their ships for six weeks, or forty days ; so I, having transgressed this law, wa,s very near being hanged, and was only freed under the condition that, if any one attempted the same thing again, he .should not escape the gallows. — AVfIITK 8 SWKDKNBORO, ch. 11, p. 26. 568*2. TRAVEL, Difficulties of. Reign of Charles II. The rich commonly travelled in their own carriages, with at least four horses. ... A coach and six is in our time never seen, except as part of .some pageant. The frccpicnt menlion, therefore, of such ecjuipages in old books is like- ly to mislead us. We attribute to magniticciUM! what was really the elTecl of a very disagreeable necessity. People in the time of (.'harlcs II. travelled with si.x liorses, because with a smaller number there was great danger of sticking last in tlu! mire. N.Ji were even six horses always sulllcient. — MaCATI-w's Eno., ch. :i, ji. ;551. 5683. TRAVEL, Eflfects of. h'mulatwii. The Russian trailers had seen the magnilicence and tasted the luxury of the city of the Cu'sars, A marvellous tale and a scanty sujiply excited the desiresof their savage countrynicn ; the}' envied the gifts of nature which their climate denied ; they coveted tlu; works of art which lliey were too lazy to imitate and loo indigent to i)ur(liase ; the Varangian princes unfurled the banners of piratical adventure, and their bravest soldierh were drawn from the nations that dwelt in the northern isles of t..c ocean. — GiniioN's Ro.mk, ch. 55, p. 42K. 5684. TRAVEL expedited, liomanx. Ciijes were connected with eacli other and with I he capital by the jmblic highways, which, issuing from the forum of Rome, traversed Italy, |ier- vaded the provinces, and were ternunated only by the frontiers of the enii)ire. If we caretully trace the distance from the wall of Antoninus to Rome, and from thence to Jerusalem, it will be found that the great chain of comnumication from the north-west to the .Sv)uth-easl point of the empire was drawn out to the length of four thodsiuid and eighty Roman miles. The pulilic roads were accurately divided by milestones, and ran in a direct line from one city to another. with very little respect for the obstacles either of nature or ])rivate property. Mountains were perforated, and bold arches thrown over the broadest and most rapid streams. The middle part of the road was raised into a terrace which commanded the adjacent country, consisted of several .strata of sand, gravel, and t'cnient, and was paved with large .stones, or, in .some i)laces near the capital, with granite. Such was the .solid construction of the Roman highways, whose firmness has not entirely yielded to the effort of fifteen centuries. — Gibbon's RoMii:, < h. 2, p. 63. 5685. . Stuf/e-Coacf,. To the very beginning of the Ilevolution the peoi)le lived apart, Lsolaled and dependent on their own re- sources for life and enjoyment. When, in 1766, an express wagon made the trip from New York to Philadelphia in two days, it was considenid a marvel of rapidity. Si.x years later the first stage-coach began to run regtdarly between Boston and Providence. — Ridi'atii's U. S., ch. 36, p. 283. 5686. TRAVEL, Indifference to. Human Km- peror AnUminiiK Pins. The tranquil life of An- toninus Pius was spent in the bosom of Italy ; and during the twenty -three years that he di- rected the public administration, the longest journeys of that amiable prince extended no farther than from his palace in Rome to the retirement of his Lanuvitui villa. — Qibbon'h Romk, ch. 1, p. 9. 5687. TRAVEL, Objects in. To See Men. It will be observed that when giving me advice as to 076 I TIIAVEI^TUEASON. my travels, Dr. |HainucI] Johnson did not dwell upon cili(!s, iind piiliiees, mid picliires, and shows, and Arcadian set-nos. He was ol' fjord Essex's opiidon, who advises his kinsman, l{of,'er Earl of Kuthind, " rallicr to go a hundred miles to speak with oiw wise man thai- five miles to see a lair town." — HoswKM.'s Johnson, p. Hi), mmn. travel, Slow. Stane.Coach. On the tOtli of July 1 17.->4| Henjamin Franklin laid l)c- fore t he i^onunissioners the draft of a feiieral eon- stilulion. His vast and comprehensive mind li;.d realized tlie true condition and wants of tlie country : the (critical situation of the colonii's demand(Hl a central government. How else could revenues be raised, an army be organized, and the common welfare be provided for 'I Ac- cording to the jiroposcd plan of union, Philadel- phia, a central city, was to be the capital. It was urged in behalf of this clause that the delegates of New Hamiwhire and Georgia — the coloiues most remoti^ — could reach the scat of govern- ment in Jiffirn. or twenty days. — Uidpatii'b U. M. , ch. 31, p. 257. 50H!>. TRAVEL, Suppression of. licif/n of Clidiien IF. [S'age-coaches were introduced be- tween E.xeter and London.] Many persons were, from mere st\ipidity and obstinacy, disposed to clamor against the umovation, simply because it was an iimovation. It was vehemently argued that this mode of conveyance would be fatal to the breed of horses and to the noble art of horHe- mansh?|) ; that the Thames, which Inid long been an important nursery of seamen, would cease to !)(' the chief thoroughfare from London up to Windsor and down to Gravcsend ; that saddlers and spurriers would be ruined by hundreds ; that numerous inns, at which mounted travellers had been in the habit of stoi)ping, would be dc serted, and would no longer ])ay any rent ; that the new carriages were too hot in summer and too cold in winter ; that the passengers were grievously annoyed by invalids and crying childriMi ; that the coach .sometimes reachecl the inn so late that it was impossible to get supper, and sometimes starttid .so early that it was im- possible to get breakfast. On the.se groimds it was gravely recommended that no public car- riage should be permitted to have more than four horses, to start oftener than once a week, or to go more than thirty miles a day. — Mac.mj- L\Y's Eng., ch. 11, p. 353. 56»0. TREACHERY, Base. Philip Vf. Fif- teen of the most i)owerful baron >f Brittany, whom the king had invited to a grand tourna- ment, were suddenly arrested and thrown into the Chiitelet, upon a vague charge of intriguing with the English ; and after a brief detention they were brought out and beheaded, without any form of trial, on the 29th of November, 1343. Early in the next year three barons of Normandy were in like manner seized and put to death, in utter violation of all rules of justice. — Studknts' France, ch. 10, i^ 7. 5691. TREACHERY, Consummate. Charles IT. Charles II. was, perhaps, in a deeper degree than any of his ancestors or descendants, false, treach- erous, and licentious. He signed the Solemn League and Covenant of Scotland, supporting the Protestant religion, at the very moment he was in attempted negotiation with Rome for befriending the Papacy. He was, however, pro- claimed king of the Scots, and the Scots had a perfect right to elect him to lie their monarch ; but he aimed at the recov(;ry of Scotland in order to recoi'i'r the crowns of the three kingdoms. To win Scotland to help him in this, he woidd not only sign the (Covenant ; he nroffered tosign a declaration by which he renounced all Papacy and Ejjiscopacy. But i)lcdged word or oath were of very little account with him. — Hoou's CuoMWKM,, ch. 12, p. 149. 5«93. TREACHERY, Gold for. Ihnedicl Ar- nold. About midnight of the 21st [of September AndreJ went ashore from the Vulture, a slooj) of war, and met Arnold in a thicket, on the west bank of the river, two miles below Ilaverstraw. Day-dawn ap])roached, and the conspirators were obliged to hide them.selves. In doing so, they entered the American lines. Arnold gave the pass- word, and Andre, disguising him.self, assumed the character of n spy. During the next day the traitor and his victim remained concealed at the hou.se of a Tory named Smith. Here the awful business was completed. Arnold was to surren- der West Point, its garrisons and stores, and to receive for his treachery £10,000 and a conmns- sion as brigadier in the British army. All pre- liaiinaries being settled, i)apcrs containing a full description of West Point, its defences, and the best method of attack, were made out and given to Andr6, who secreted the dangerous (locu- ment in his stockings. — Uidpath's U. S., ch. 43, p. 344. 5693. TREACHERY, Message of. Emperor Ale.rander I. [He i)rofe.ssed ardent and lasting friendship for Napoleon, yet when nearly all Europe was arrayed against him he proved to be an enemy.] An Austrian courier was taken ]irisoner. There was found in his possession a letter from the commander of the Hu.ssian forces, addressed to the Archduke Ferdinand, congratn- lating him upon his victory, and e.rpressing the hope that very soon the Russian army irotild be permitted to co-operate with the Avstrians against the French. Napoleon immediately sent the let- ter to Alexander, without note or comment. — Abbott's Napoi-kon B., vol. 2, ch. 7. 5694. TREASON, Cry of. Patrick lleniy. [He was a young man and new member of the legis- lature of Virginia when the Stamp Act was pro- claimed.] Lifted beyond himself, "Tarquin," he cried, "and Ciesar had each his Brutus; Charles the First his Cromwell, and George the Third — " "Treason!" shouted the speaker. "Treason, trea.son !" was echoed round the house, while Henry, fixing his eye on the first interrupter, continued, without faltering, " may profit by their example." — Bancuoft's U. S., vol. 5, ch. 13. 5695. TREASON defined. Iteign of James II. The Tories of the Lower House proceeded to introduce what they called a bill for the preser- vation of the king's person and government. They proposed that it should be high treason to say that Monmouth was legitimate, to utter any words tending to bring the person or government of the sovereign into hatred or contempt, or to make any motion in Parliament for changing the order of succession. Some of these provi- sions excited general disgust and alarm. The Whigs, few and weak as they were, attempted to rally, and found themselves re-enforced by a TREA80N-TRIAL. 077 <()nsi(lcnil)l(' iiiiinlHT of modcriiti! and soiiHihlc Ciiviilicrs. Words, it was said, nmv easily !)(■ mis- imdcrslood l)y an lioiicst man. 'I'iioy may casili' 1)0 misconstnicd i)y a liiiavi'. Wliat was spoken niclaiiliDriealiy may !:<,' appreliended literally. W'lial was spolien lndi{!n)usly may he a])pre- liended .seriously. A particle, a tense, a mood, an emphasis, may make the wlioUidilTcjreneo hc- Iween <^\\\\l and innoeenee. — M.xcaui.ay'h En(i., eh. T), )). .")4(). Srous t)l()eka(le lia^ foreign eoinmerce of the Eastern States v/as totally (lest r )ye he domestic alTairs of his friends, giving to one an estate in land, lo another a village, to a third the rev>'nues of a town, to a fourth the toll of a harbor. And a.s all the r(!venues of his demesnes were already emj^loycKl and exhausted by his donations, Per- diceas said to him, " My lord, what is it von reserve for vour.self ?" Alexander replying, "Hope," " 'rhc! .same ho])e," says Perdicca.s, "ought therefore to satisfy us," and very gen- erously refused to accept of what the king had assigned to him. — Roi.i.in's Hist., Book lo, ^!J. 5700. TREATY, An observed. Williinn Pcnn'n. The treaty with the red iiuin — the only treaty that was never sworn to and nevcir broken, says Voltaire — was one of fricndshii) and brother- hood and of nuitual defence. — Knuiiit's En(». , vol. 4, ch. 23, p. 370. 5701. TREE, Delivering. Second CvuKudc. The vanguard, which bore the royal banner and the oriflamme of St. Denys, had doubled their march with rash and inconsiderate speed ; and the rear, which the king commanded in jiersoii, no longer foimd their companions in the 'vjning camp. In darkness and di.sorder they were en- compassed, a.ssauKed, and overwhelmed by the innumerable host of Turks, who, in the art of war, were superior to the ('hristians of tin; twelfth century. Louis [VH.], who climbed a tree in the general discomfiture, was saved by his own valor and the ignorance of his adversa- ries ; and with the dawn of day he escaped i-livc, but almost alone, to the camp of the vanguard. — Gibbon's Ro.mk, ch. 59, p. 10. 5703. TRIAL abandoned. Bcipio Africunxn. He incited two of the tribunes, the IVtilii. to bring a formal accusation against Seipio Afri- canus, as guilty of peculation in converting large; sums gained in his foreign conquests to his own instead of the public use. The behavior of Seipio on this occasion was consonant to the magnanimity of his character. On the first day of his citation l)eforc the assembly of the peoph;, when his accusation was read, appearing not to have listened to it, he entered into an ample de- tail of all the illustrious services he had rendered his country. His accusers made no reply, not daring to controvert a single word which he had uttered, but contented themselves with adjourn- ing the ns.sembly to the next day. On the mor- row, while an immense multitude crowded the forum, Seipio pressed forward to the tribunal, and making a .signal for silence, " I\Iy country- men," said he, " it was on this very day that I fought bravely for you against Hannibal and the Carthaginians in tlie field of Zama, and gained a glorious victory. Is it thus you celebrate that anniversaiy V Come, let us repair instantly to the caj)itol, and give our solemn thanks to all the gods for the republic jwcserved through my means." With one universal acclamation, the whole multitude followed him while he led the wa}' to the temple of Jupiter — and the tribunes were left alone in the forum. — Tytler's Hist., Book 3, ch. 9, p. 279. 5703. TRIAL by Combat. Assize of Jerusalem. The trial by battle was established in all criminal cases which affected the life or limb or honor ti7S TRIAL— TRini'TE. I i ■ of :niy person, and in all civil IranHactioiiM, of or above tin- value of oneniarl\ of silver. It ap- pears that in eriniinal eases the combat was the l)ri vilest' <>f tluMuicusor, who, except iii a cluuxe of treason, avenged his jx-rsonal injuiy, or the lieiilh of those persons wliom lie had a ri,!;ht to n^present ; hiil wherever, from tlu; nature of the change, testimony could he olilained, it was necessary for him to product; witnesses of the fact. In civil cases the cond).it was not allowed :is ihe means of establishing tlu; claim of the (lii of Justice and Vataces ii dispute aro.se be- tween two otlicers, one of whom iiecused th(! other of maintaiiun.if the hereditary right of tlu; Paheologi. . . . He was pursued by the whis- p(Ms of malevolence ; and a .subtle courtier, the Archbishop of Philadelphia, urged him to accept the judsiment of God in the tiery proof of th(! ordeal. Three days l)efore the trial the patient's arm was enclosed in a hag, and secured by the royal signet ; and it was incumbent on him to b(;ar a rtMlhot ball of iron three times from the altar to the rails of the sanctuary, without arti- fice and without injury. Palit'ologus (duded the dangerous experiment with sense iiiul plea.santrj". " I am a soldier," said he, " and will boldly enter the lists with my accusers ; but a layman, a sinner lik(; myself, is not endowed with the gift of miracUvs. Your piety, most holy prelate, may d(!serve tlu; interposition of Heaven, and from your hands I will receive the tiery globe, the pledge of my innocence." The archbishop start- ed ; th(; emperor smiled ; and the absolution or pardon of Michael was approved by new rewards and n(;w services, — Giiujon's Romk, ch. 62, p. 147. 5705. TRIAL, Right of. Disref/arded. [In 1608 .lames I. showed both ignorance and des- potism in bis contempt of the ordinary course of justice. ] " I hear our new king," writes Harring- ton, " hath hanged one man before he was tried ; 'tis .strangely done ; now, if the wind bloweth thus, why may not a man be tried before he hath offended ?"—KNioiiT'sENa., vol. 3 ch. 20, p. ;ws 5706. TRIAL, A severe. John Runynn. [He was arrested for |)reaching to Dissenters, and urged to promise to desist.] Remonstrances and entreaties were equally useless, and, with ex- treme unwillingness, they committed him to Bedford jiiil to wait for the sessions. ... To himself, at any rate, his trial was at the moment most severe. He had been left a widower a year or two b<;fore, with four young childreu, one of them blind. H(> had lately married a .second time. His wife was pregnant. The agitation at her husband's arrest brought on premature laboi', aiid slu' was lying in his hou.sc in great danger. He was an alfcctionatt; man, and the .s(>paration at such a time was itecidiarly distressing. — Fiioi;i)k's Hunv.v.n, ch. ."». 5707. TRIALS, Fellowship in. \oj>o/n>„ I. [His Kgyi)tian army, with inunense sutfering. {•ro.ssed the desert from Alexandria to Cairo. | He toiled along on footat the head of tin- cobunn. sharing the fatigtie of the most hund)le soldiers, liike them, \w. threw himself upon tlu; sands at night, with the sand for his pillow, and .secreting no luxuries for him.self, he ate the coarse beans which constituted the only food for tin! army. — .Vnno'r'i's N.vi'oi.kon H., vol. 1, ch. 11. 570M. TRIALS, Improvement under. Ahr(( ho in I.iiirohi. [To a friend] \\v said cheerfully : " I am very sun; that if I do not go away from here a wi.ser man, 1 shall go away a lu-tter man, for having learned here what a very jioor .sort of man I am." Afterward, referring to what he called a change of heart, Ik; .said he ilid not re member any precise time when he i)a.ssed through any spet'ial change of purpose or of heart ; but he v.ould say that his own election to office and the crisis immediately following intluentially det(!'. mined him in what lu; called "a process of crystallization then going on in his mind." — H.w.MONDs liiN( oi.N, p. 7;H. 5700. TRIBUTE of Friendship. Mdanrhthon. Luther is loo great, too wonderful for me to depict in words. If there be a man on earth I lo\e with my wl ile heart, that man is Luther. One is an int(!r])reter, one a logician, another an orator, allluent and beautiful in spee(;h, but Lu- ther is all in all— whatever Ik; writes, whatever he utters, ])ierces to the soul, fixes itself like ar- rows in the heart — he is a nuracle among men. — Ui:in's LrriiKit, p. 210. 5710. TRIBUTE scorned. To France. [In 1797 the French Directory grew insolent, and hnjan to deniiind an allia'ice against Great Britain, and soon afterward issued instructions to Frencl men-of-war toas.sail the commerce of the Uniteil States, and ordered [Mr. Charles C. Pinckney, the American nunister, to leave the territory of France]. These proceedings were etpiivalent to a declaration of war. The President convened Congress in extraordinary session, and measures were devised for repelling the aggressions of the French. Elbridge Gerry and John Marshall were directed to join Mr. Pinckney in a linal elTort ff:r a peaceable adjustment of the ditll- culties. But the effort was fruitless. The Direc- tory of France refused to receive the amba.ssa- dors except upon condition that they would pledge the payment into the French treasury of a quarter of a million of dollars. Pinckney an- swered with the declaration that the United States had millionn for defence, but not a cent for ti'ibute. The envoys were then ordered to leave the coimtry. — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 47, p. 373. 5711. TRIBUTE, ShamefuL To Pirates. For a long time Algerine pirates had infested the Med- iterranean, preying upon the commerce of civil- ized nations ; and those nations, in order to pur- chase exemption from such ravages, had adopted the ruinous policy of paying the Dey of Algiers THIHrTK-TUrCK. 07!) ail uiiiiiiiil tril)iit(>. Ill conMidcmtloii of Hut trih iilc, llie (ley ii^^ici-d timt liis niriitc sliipH sliould <;()iitiiii' tliciiiHclvcs to tlu- .Mcditerriincaii, iiiid should not attack the vi'hscIs of siich nations as iiuwlt! thi! payiiiciit. Now, liowcver, with the jxirpose of injuring Franec, Orcat Britain wiiiiicd at till' iij^ieenienl with the dey liy which lh(! Al^crinc seii-fobbers were turned loos(( on tliu Atlantic. My their dcprediitions An. ricaii (•oinincrcc sulTered /.greatly, and the ^overnnieiil of the United Slat(^s was oliiij^ed to iiurchasi! safety hv p.'iyinf; the shameful tribute. — RiD- PATir's LJ. S., ell. 4«, p. UTO. ari'J, TRIBUTE in Women. rartm'H. A. select hand of the fairest maidens of China was an- nually devoted to the rude embraces of the Huns ; and the alliance of {\\i haughty Tanjftus [the Tar- tar princes] was secured by their marriaf?(! with tlu! ^eiiMine, or adopted, daiij^hters of the Impe- rial family, which vainly attempted to escape the sacrilet.''ioiis pollution. The situation of these unhappy victims is described in the verses of a Chinese princess, who laments tiiat she had lieen condemned by her parents to a distant exile, under a liarbarian husband ; who complains tliat sour milk was her only drink, raw tlesh her only food, a tent her only palace ; and who expresses, in a strain of patlietic simplicity, the natural wish, that she were transformed into a bird, to tiy back to her dear country, the object of lier tender and iierpetual regret. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 2fl, p. ly. 57 1 :i. THICK miscarried, A. Peritian. [The Persian .satra])] Sarbar still maintained the im- Iiortant station of Chah^edon ; but the jealou.sy of (Jhosroes or the artitice of Ileraclius [liotli Persian monarchs] .soon alienated the mind of that powerful satrap from the service of his king and country. A mes.senger was intercepted with a real or (ictitious mandate to the cadarigan, or second in command, directing him to send, with- out d(Uay, to the throne the head of a guilty or unfortunate genera'. The despatches were trans- mitted to Sarbar hi.nself ; and as so(m as he ;ead the .sentence of his own death, he dexterously inserted the names of four liimdred officers, as- sembled a military council, and asked the cada- rigan whether lie was prepared to execute the commands of their tyrant. The Persians unan- imously declared that Chosroes had forfeited the .sceptre ; a separate treaty was concluded with the government of Constantinople. — Gib- bon's RoMK, ell. 4(), p. 478. 5714. TRIFLERS, Diplomatic. French. The American Government liehl an old claim against France for damages done to the commerce of the United States in the wars of Napoleon. In 1831 the French king had agreed to pay $5,000,000 for the alleged injuries ; but the dilatory govern- ment of France postponed and neglected tlie payment, until the President, becoming wrath- ful, recommended to Congress to make reprisals on French commerce, and at the same time di- rected the American minister at Paris to demand liis passports and come liome. These measures had the desired eiTect, and the indemnity was promptly paid. The government of Portugal was brought to terms in a similar manner. — RiDP.\Tii's U. S., ch. .54, p. 435. 5715. TRIFLES, Effect of. Battle. [A great battle between the Macedonians and the Romans, in which 25, (KK) of the former were slain, was brouffhl on by /lOniilius in this way :| Toward evening he availed himself of an artiilce, to make the enemy begin the tight. It seems he turned a lior.se loose without a bridle, and sent out some Romans to catch him, who were altnckcd while they were purHuing him, and .so the engagcineiit began. Pmtahcii'h /E.mii.ii s. 57 1 «. TRIFLES, Power of. S<,ei,il Ij/e. .Mar- cus Fabiiis Anibuslus had given one of his daugh- ters in marriage to liicinius Slolo, a jilebcian, and the other to Servius Suliiitiu.s, a jjatrician, and at that tinu! one of the military tribunes. One day when the; wife of tlu; plebeian wan at her sister's house, the lictor who walked before Sul- piliiis, on his return from the senate, knocked loudly at the door with thestalT of the fasces, to give noliirt that the magistrate was coming in. This noise, to which the wife of liicinius was idI accustomed, threw her into a jianic. Her sister laughed at her alarm, and threw out a malicious jest on the; ine(juality of their conditions. A very small matter, .says liivy, is sufficient to distiirli the rpiiet of a woman's mind. The younger Fa- biatook this affront most seriously to heart. She (!omi)laincd to her father, wl'o, to comfort her, promised that he would do liis utmost (;iideavor that her husband should have bis lictor as well as her elder sister's. This trifling circum.stance is said to have been the <'ause f)f the admission of the plelieian order to the consular dignity. — Tyti.kk's IIiht., Hookii, ch. «, p. :i4H. 5717. TRIMMER, Political. Lord IMifa.r. Halifax was known as the Trimmer — one who wa.-i .selected to tender the crown to William and iVIary, but who had taken no p.-irt in the first steps which deprived James of tlu; crown. — Knioht's i!]N«., vol. 5, ch. 5, p. (iH. 5718. TRIUMPH, Fleeting. .Y«/wfco« T. [The great campaigns of Ronapartc were productive of triumjihs which endured but tlirec; months. The allies under SuwarolT recoiKjuercd the (!is- alpine territory.]— Knioiit'sEno., vol. 7, ch. 22, p. 382. 5719. TRIUMPH, Honors of. Pompey. Wlien Pompey landed at Rrindisi his dreaded legions were disbanded, and he proceeded to the Capi- •tol with a train of cai)tive princes, as the sym- bols of his victories, and wagons loaded with treasure as an offering to his country. He was received as he advanced with the shouts of ap- plauding multitudes. He entered Rome in a gal axy of glory. A splendid column commemorat- ed the (nties which he had taken, the twelve million human beings whom he had slain or sub- jected. His triumph was the most magnificent which the Roman citizens had ever witne.s.sed, and by special vote he was permitted to wear his triumphal robe in the Senati; as often and as long as might please him. The fireworks over, unci with the aureole of glory about his brow, the great Pompey, like anoMier Samson .shorn of his locks, dropped into impotency and insignifi- cance. — FUOl'DE'S C/KHAR, Ch. 12. 5720. TRUCE, The holy. Mohometnn. An an- nual festival of two, perhaps of four, months, was observed by the Arabs before the time of Mahomet, during which their swords were relig- iously sheathed both in foreign and domestic hostility ; and this partial truce is more strongly C80 TUUTII. expnwuive of tlin biibitsof annrcliy iiiul warfare. — UiiiliON'H lioMK, eh. 40, p. HO. /17'JI. TRUTH, Boldnesi for the. Joha Uoir. (in/. Dining . . . iil llic house of tho Kiiu:liMli aiiiltassudor, Sir Uolicrl Miirrav KeiUi, wIutc a lari^e (■oni|)aiiy of Austrian princes and noliles were asseiniil<'tl, llie eonversatii. ' turned upon tile alisurd inicpiily of tlie torture, wlien one of IIk.' Auslrians observed tliat tlie priory of abol- isldn;; lli(! torture in Ww. Austrian dominions be- ion;;'ed to Ids |)resenl, Imperial .Majisty .losepii M. " I'ardon me," said Howard; " liis Im|)erial Majesty lias only abolished one species of tort- un^ to (establish another in its |)lac(! more cruel ; for the torture wldeh he aluilishcii lasted at the most only a few hours ; but that which lu! lias appointed lasts many weeks — nay, sometimes y(!ars. The poor wretches are ijlunf^ed into a noisome dungeon as black as the Ulack Hole of (Jalculta, from which they are taken only if they coid'ess wliat is laid to tluiir charge." " Husli f" said the ambassador; "your words will be reported to his Majesty." " What !" cried How ard, "shall my lor.gue be tied from speakin;; truth l)y any kin^ or emperor in tlie world ? 1 repeat what I asserted, and maintain its verac- ity." The comi)any appeared awestruc:k at his bobbusss, and admired it ; but no one ventiu'cd ton>ake any observation whatever, and a dead si- lence ensued. They were not, perhaps, aware that lie had .said the same tbin;^ to the emperor himself. — Cyclopkdia ok Biod., p. ri5. 572ii. TRUTH vi. Falsehooa. Samuel John- son. An animated debate took places whether Martinelli should continue his nisb)ry of Eng- land to the present day. GoiiOSMiTii : " To i)e s\ireheshoidd." Johnson : " No, sir ; he would ^ive great offence. He would have to tell of al- most all the living great what they do not wish told". . . . Goi.DSMiTir : " There are people who tell a hundred political lies every day, anil are not luirt by it. Surely, then, one may tell truth with safety." Johnson : " Why, sir, in the first place, he who tells a hundrecl lies has disarmed the force of his lies. But besides, a man had rather have a hundred lies told of him than one truth which he does not wi.sh to be told." Gold- smith : " For my part, I'd tell the truth, and shame the devil." Johnson: " Yes, sir ; but the. devil will be angry. I wish to shame the devil as much as you do, but I should choose to be out of the reach of his claws." Goldsmith : "His claws can do you no harm when you have the shield of truth." — Bosweli/s Johnson, p. 207. 57i23. a'RUTH vs. /iotion. James II. A dram- atist would scarcely venture to bring on the stage a grave prince, in the decline of life, ready to sacrifice his crown in order to .serve the interests of his religion, Indefatigable in making prose- lytes, and yet deserting and insulting a wife who liad youth and beauty, for the sake of a profli- gate paramour who had neither. Still less, if possible, would a dramatist venture to introduce a statesman stooping to the wicked and shame- ful part of a procurer, and calling in his wife to aid him in that dishonorable office, yet, in his moments of leisure, retiring to his closet, and there secretly pouring out his soul to his God in penitent tears and devout ejaculations. — Macau- lay's Eng., ch. 6, p. 68. ftra-i. TRUTH honored. FreiUrirk U. Fred- erick is by no means one of the perfect demigods, and there are various things to be said against hl'ii with good ground. To tin- last a (piestion- able hero, with mu'h in hiin which one could have wished not there, and much wanting which one coidd have wished. But there isone features which strikes you at an early period of the in- (piiry, that in his way he is a reality ; that he al- ways means what he speaks ; grounds his actions, too, on what he recogiu/.es for the truth ; a!'d, in short, has nothing whatever of the hypocrite or phantasm— which some readers will adndt to be an e.\trcinely rare phenomenon. — Cahlvlic's Fukdkiiick tiik Giikat, Book 1, ch. 1, p. 12. 57515. TRUTH, Liberty by the. Mtrdn Lvthev. At his bidding truth leaped over the cloister walls, and challenged every man to make her his guest ; arou.sed (!very intelligence to acts of jiri- vate judgment ; (;hanged a dependent, recipient ]ieopie into a reflecting, incpiiring peoples ; lifted each human being out of \\u' castles of the Mid- dk^ Age, to endow him with individuality, and to summon man to stand forth as man. The world heaved with tlu- fervent conflict of opin- ion. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 0. 5796. TRUTH, Moral. From within. Thus did the mind of George Fox arrive at the con- clusion that truth is to be sought by listening to tlu! voi"e of God in the .soul. Not the learning of the university, not the lioman see, not \\w English Church, not Dissenters, not the whole outward world, can lead to a fixed rule of mo- rality. The law in the heart must be received without prejudice, cherished without mixture,, and obeyed without fear. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 10. 5797. TRUTH outraged. Inqvisition. Galileo was thus compelled to choose between a .solemn denial of demonstrated truth or the most agoniz- ing of deaths. What he oii(//it to have done in these circumstances is a question in morals which has been discussed for two hundred years with- out result, since it is a question which everyone decides according to his own character. lie de- cided to recant. On his knees, with one hand upon the Gospel, he pronounced the form of words recjuired ; "I abjure, curse, and detest the error and heresy of the motion of the earth, and promise that I will never more teach, ver- bally or in writing, that the sun is the centre of the universe, and immovable, and that the earth is not the centre of the universe and movable. "^ Rising from his knees, indignant at the outrages done to truth through him, be nuittcred between his teeth the words which will never be forgot- ten — " The earth moves, notwithstanding !" — Cyclopedia of Bkki., p. 264. 572§. TRUTH, Perilous. yt.D. 408. The sen- ators loudly declared, in regular speeches or in tumultuary acclamations, that it was unworthy of the majesty of Home to i)urchasea iirecarioua and disgraceful truce from a Barbarian king ; and that, in the judgment of a magnanimou.s. people, the chance of ruin was always preferable to the certainty of dishonor. . . . The tumult of virtue and freedom .subsided ; and the .sum of four thousand pounds of gold was granted, under the name of a subsidy, to .secure the peace of It- aly and to conciliate the friendship of the king- of the Goths. Lampadius alone, one of the most THUTH-TYHANNY 681 tion by iinniodiulcly rctiriiii^ to II Chrisliiiii cliuic'.i. — Oiiihons illiistrioii.t mciulMTs of tlic nsM'inlily, still piTsisl- cil ill iiJM tlisHciit ; cxi^laiiiicil, wilii ti loiiil voice, " This i,s not II trt'tily ol' peace, imtof Hervitiide ;" mill eHi'a|>e(l tin; ilaii;::ei' of Niieli hold oppo.si. the Hiiiictiiary of s Ko.MK, eh. ;}(), p. 'i:n. 5ril». TEUTH, Porveriion of. Ilnhit. f.Mr. Ilallaiii Hiiy.sof ('liarles II. he| " had iiiiliiippily loii^r heeii ill the liahil of pervertiiii.; his iialiiral iiciitciiess to the iiu'iiii suhterfiiffes of e(|uiv(iciil lim^fiiaK*'." • ■ . I Iviiii^litsays :| " In no sitiialioii or dillleiilly could this iiiiforliiiiale kin;; ^ive up ids system of doul)ledealin<; and liiilf-conll- deiice." [When he was inakiii^j; treaties for the paciHeation of Ireland, and promised tiiat diir- inu' the nci?otiiilioiis all hostilities for his cause should (!nd, 111 the very .same time hi; wrote to Ornioiid, the /general in commnnd,) " Obey my wife's ordcTs, and not mine, until 1 shall let you know I am free from all reslraint ; nor trouhlo yourself alioiit my concessions as to Ireland ; tliey will lend to nnthing." — Knkiht's En(»., vol. 4, ch. 1. litWi, TRUTH, Power of speculative. Qimh-vs. fWilliiim| i'eiiii e.xiilts that the iiies.sajj;e [from the inner voice] came without suspicion of hu- man wi.sdoin. It WII.S \>:iii(ierfvd to witness the cneraeily spontaneously developed tlie system of moral truth which, as tliey be- lieved, existed as an incorruptible seed in every soul. — Bancuoi't'h U. S., vol. 2, ch. 16. 5731. TEUTH, Vitality of the. Political. Truth once elicited never dies. As it descends through time it may be transmitted from State to State, from monarch to conunon wealth, but its li;i;ht is never extinguished, and never per- mitted to fall to the ground. A great truth, if no existing nation would assume its guar- dianship, has i)ower — such is God's providence — to call a nation into being and life by the life it imparts. — IJ.vnckokt's U. S., vol. 3, ch. 31. 57:12. TRUTHS, Preparatory. Inventions. A century before the Christian era the mighty power of steam had been observed, and some attempts had been made to turn it to account. But a great invention, as we have before re- marked, is the growth of ages. Many ingen- ious men had Ivbored to perfect this one, the greatest of all, and they had brought it on so far, that a single improvement alone was wanting to make it available. It was just so with Sir Isaac Newton's sublime discovery of the attrac- tion of gravitation. Previous philosophers had made discoveries that only needed combining to produce the final truth, which, in a happy hour, flashed iipou the mind of Newton. — Cy- clopedia OF Bioo. , p. 142. 5733. TRUTHS, Uncertain. Sophists. Greece was, in the days of Socrates, overrun with Sophists — pretended philo.sophers, whose whole science consisted in a certain futile logic ; an artificial apparatus of general arguments, which they could apply to every topic, and by which they could maintain, with an appearance of pliiiisil)ility, ciilicr side of aiiv propo.sition. It wa>. usual for llii>e philosophers to gel up in till' public assenililies or in tlu^ theatres and olTcr to iiigiir or make an oratiiiii on any subject that should be naiiKMi. The Athenians, a Hupcrllcial people, fond of everything new and «'xtraordi- nary, were (|iiite captivated with this kind of jugglery. The Sophists pa.ssed for the wisest and most cloijiieiit of men, and the youth Hocked in crowds lo their schools, where the riidimentM of this precious art were explained and communicated. The sober part of the Allieiiians judged this to be a very useless disci- jiliiic ; Iml the wiser Socrates saw the pernicioii» tendency of this new art of philosophizing, which miidi! everything uncertain and problem- atical ; and his penetrating intellect, easily per- ceiv(Ml the; method by which it was to be exposed and destroyed. — Tvii, Kit's Hist., Hook 2, ch. 1), p. 2(17. 573-1. TYEANNY, Cruelty of. Xn-.trn. | I>y- thiuH, a prince of Lydia (see No. IHH1),| who had made such obliging offers to Xerxes, having desired asa favor of him. some time afterward, that out of his five .sons who served in his army he would be jileased to leave him the eldest, in order to Ihmi support and comfort to him in his old age, the king was so enraged at the propo- sal, though so reasonable in itself, that he caused the eldest son to be killed before the eves of his father, giving him to understand that it was a favor that he spared the lives of him and the rest of his children ; and then causing the dead body to be cut in two, and imv jiart to be placed on tlie right and the other on the left, he niiuh! the whole army pass between them, as if ho meant to purge "and purify it by .such a sacrittce. — Rom.tn's Hist., BookO, ch. 2, ^ 2. 5735. TYEANNY, EocleBiastioal. Cotholic. The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage of the clergy. The as(!eiidency of tlie sacerdotal order was long the ascendency which naturally and iirojjerly be- longs to intellectual suiieriorlty. The ])riests, with all their faults, were by far the wisest i)or- tion of society. It was, therefore, on the whole, good that they should hv respected and obeyed. The encroachments of the ecclesiast'cal power on the province of the civil ]K)wer produced much more haiipincss than misery, while tlu; ecclesiastical power was in the hands of the only class that had studied history, philosophy, and public law, and while the civil power Avas in the hands of savage chiefs, who could not read their own grants and edicts. But a change took place. Knowledge gradually sjjread among lay- men. At the commencement of the .sixteenth century many of them were in every intellectual attainment fully eejual to the mo.st enlightened of their spiritual pastors. Thenceforward that dominion which, during the Dark Ages, had been, in spite of many abii.ses, a legitimate and a .salutary guardianship, became an unjust and noxious tyranny. — Macaui.ay's Eng., ch. 1, p. 44. 5736. TYEANNY, Emblem of. The Bastile. The destruction of tlic Bastile was the type of the fall of tjranny to Englishmen and English- women. Hannah More writes to Horace Wal- pole : ' ' Poor France ! though T am sorry that the lawless rabble are so triumphant, I cannot (]S2 T YUAN NY, help lioitiiiK that Hoinc i^ood will itrlMo from tlit; Hiini of iiitiiiuii iiilscry liiivln^ Im'i'ii so consiilt'rii l)ly li'SMCiit'd lit one lilow liy llic (Icstniclioii of til.' MitMtilr." Diinioht Hiiyslimt In Kii^^JutKl . . . tlu> (li'stnictioii of tilt' l{iiHtii(! Iiud citiiHcd it Kt'iKTiil jov— Knkiut'h En(1., vol. 7, ell. 10, p. Ih:» 57:17. TYRANNY, Iniurreotlon agalnit. Pms (lilts. 'I'lif trif^lilful iiisiiiTcctioii ('ailed llic .lac (pirric was a ^^ciicral risiiij^ of the ciisiavcd peas anis of llic proviiici'H ajrainst the iiol)l(s, prompt cd not so iiiiii'li Ity tile iov(^ of liberty as hy the iMmiiiar id( kname of .laccpies Hon lionime, appiiecl to the French peasantry), cf)ni- meiiccd in the neiniliiir anx lisly, thoNf! luiI'Di'liinali* ixTsons rdnin'ctiMl, how evur r«'ini)tcly, willi tin- family of Anloiiimis, without H|>ariiin; even tin- miiilsicrs of hlMciJincM or plf'aMurrs, IliMcriii'llv pnivrd at lunt fatal to liiiiist'lf. ill' jiad mIiciI witli iiii|imiity till' iiol)li'sl lilooil iif Koiiic ; he pcrislii'il as Mooii as he was (lrra(l(>(l liy ills own (loincstics. Mania, liis fa- vorite conculiiiic, Kclt'ctiis, his ('iiaiiil)t'i'laiii, and Lti'tiis, Ills pictorian prt'fi'ct, alarmed l>y the fate of tlieir comiianions :ind predeiessors, re- Holved to prevent llie deslriieiion wldeli every hour hun^r over their lieads, either from liie mad caprice of tlie tyrant, or the sudden indignation of Ww people. [They poisoned him. )— (hiuuiNn Komi;, eh. 4, p. IIV artJ. TYRANNY, Shameful, Al S,ni l>omin (JO. |(.'olinnlius had l)een slanderuil and sent houK^ in irons. I [^as (^asas ^ives an iniliL;nant picture of the capricious tyr.inny exerciseclover the Indians hy worthless Spaidards, many of wliom had l>een transported convicts from the dun^^eoiis of Castile. Tliese wretches, who in their own countries had been the vilest ainoni? till- vile, liere assumed the tone of j^rand cava Hers. They insisted upon hein^ attended by trains of servants. They took the daughters and female relations of caciciues for tlieir (lomesti(;s, or rather for their concubines, nor did they limit tlmniselves in nund)er. VVIuiU they trav- elled, insl(!ad of usini^ lior.ses and mules with wlucli lln!y were jirovided, tliey oblijfed the natives to transport them upon their shoulden. In litters, or hummoc^ks, with others attending; to hold umbrellas of palm leaves over their lieads to keep off the sun, and fans of featliers to cool them ; and Las CasasalHrms that he has seen the backs and shouiilers of the unfortunato Indians who bore these litters raw and bleeding? from the ta,sk. When these arrogant upstarts arrived at an Indian villa(,'e tlieAr consumed and lavished away tlie provisions of the inhabitants, sei/.int; upon wliatever |)leased th(!ircai)rice, and oblii^iuK the caci(pie and his subjcts to dance before them for their amusement. — IiiviNo's CoiaJMHus, Hook 14, cii. 3. .'iT45. TYRANNY, Terrible. Oildo. Gildo, thebrotlierof thelyraut Kirmus, . . . was invested with the coimiianclof Africa. His ambition soon usurix'd the administration of justice and of the finances, without account and without control. . . . Duriiif? those twelve years [of his reign] the provinces of Africa groaned under tlie domin- ion of a tyrant. . . . The forms of iw were often superseded by the use of poison ; and if the tnimbling guests who were invited to the table of Gildo presumed to express their fears, the insolent s)isi)icion served only to excite his fury, and he loudly summoned the ministers of death. Gildo alternately indulged the passions of avarice and lust ; and if his */.y,« were terrible to the ricli, his niijhtH were not less dreailful to husbands and parents. The fairest of their wives and daughters were prostituted to the embraces of the tyrant, and afterward abandoned to a ferocious troop of Barbarians and assas.sins, the black, or swarthy, natives of th» desert, whom Gildo considered as the only guardians of his throne. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 29, p. 181. 5746. XTHPIRE, A dangerooi. Scotland. There appeared two illustrious competitors for to or of the crown— HolxMt llruce, tton of Nahellii, we- ond daughter of thi> Karl of ilunliiigdon, an da,\ s tluMirder of succession was not NO certainly estalilishcd, ami each cmii- petitor had his preliinsions supported by ji for- midable party in the kingdom. I'o avoid a civil war, which must otherwise h;ivr taken place, the candidates agreed to a measure wliicli had very ru'nr proved fatal to the iniii'pcndenc<' of the kingdom. They chose Kdward I. of Kngland to be umpin^ of the contest ; and this Mmbitinu>; and artful prince determined to avail himself of the |)ow(>rs thus bestowed on him, and to arrogate to himself the sovereignty of .Scotland. I Ic sum- uioikmI all tin* Hcollish liarons to attend him al the castl(! of Norham, in Northumberland ; and having gained some and intimidated others, he prevaileil on tin- whole assembly to acknowlei Scotland a ticf of the Knglisli crown, and swear allegiance to him as their sovereign liege lord. lie next demande(l |)osscssioii thi^ kingdom, that he ndglit be abh- to deliver it to him wliose right sliouul be found preferable ; and such was the dastardly pusillanimity of all pres(>nt, whom Kdward had iiitimidaled by ttringing with him a very formidal)l(! army, that this exorbitant demand was likt'wise complied with, both by the barons and tlieconi|)etitors for th(! crown. One man alone, worthy of an eter nal memorial. Gilbert de L'mpbraville, Karl of Angus, sustained the honor of his country, and pen^mptorily refused to deliver up those castles which h«! held from the Scottish kings. Kdward, who believed Baliol tlu; least formidable of the competitors, adjudged the (|uestion in his favor, and put him in possession of tlie kingdom, after making him solemnly take the oath of (Idelityto liims(;lf hhIdiuI ]iu>tt, and subscribe to every condition which he thought i)roper to reipiire. But the Scots were not long iiatient under their state of subjection.— TvTi-i;ii's Hist., Book 6, ch. 13, p. 1»0. 5747. UNANIMITY in Wrong doing, raj-ing Colonies. On the »tli of March, 17(54, George Grenville made his tirst appearance in the House of Commons as Chancellor of the Excheipier, to unfold the budget. . . . He gave notice. . . that it was his intention, in tlu; next ses.sion, to bring in a bill imposing stamp-duties in America. . . . The opposition were publicly called upon to deny, if they thought it fitting, the right of the legislature to impost; any tax, internal or ex- ternal, on the colonies ; not a single person ven- tured to controvert that U. S., vol. 5, ch. 9. 574§. UNBELIEF, Vicious. Sinnuel Johii.ton. I described to him an impudent fellow from Scotland, who alt'ected to be a .snva;je, and . . . maintained that there was no distinction between virtue and vice. Johnson : " Why. sir, if the fellow does not think as he speaks, he is lying ; and I see not what honor he can propo.se to him- self from having the character of a liar. But if he does really think that there is no distinction between virtue and vice, why, .sir, when he leaves our hou.ses let us count our spoons."— Boswell's Johnson, p. 119. right. — Banckokt's 084 UNION-UHURY. if. AT'lft. UNION by InttroourM. ('/irinliiDm. [Ill l)I.V)| till' (jiiitkirM, Willi wni' Iniiitnl iinil IMTsmili'tl li\ cviry nilur scci, rniiiul ii frirml in < 'riiinwcll, Ociii'^i' l<'ii\, Willi liiui licrii sil/.i'il in ills jirt'iirliliKs ami currii'd to l.iiiiilnii, nmii ii^rnl Id si'i' ilii' I'l'Dli'diir, and cxlinrtcil lilin In krcp ill llic I'l'ur III' OimI ; itiiil ( 'riiriiwi'll, iiuvinu |iiilii'ii!ly iisli'iicii IiiIiIh li'ctiii'i', piii'lt'il Willi liiiii, Haying, " ('iin)rM>;iiiii In my liniisr. II' ih'iii ami I wi'trliiil ail liiiiir III' tlii'iiay li>;j;rl.licr, wr hIkmiIiI III' nrai'cr. nm- In tlir other. I wIhIi no more liarm to III)'*! tliaii I ilo to my own houI," — IvNKiiiT'rt Eni\\n(!r.s. Most of Ihe religious hous(!s \\ re anxious only to enlarge their reve- nues and to diminish the nuinb(;r of those who shared them. In the general carelessness which prevailed as to the spiritual objects of their trust, in tlu- wastefid niatiagement of their estates, in Ihe indolence and self-indulgence which for the most part characterized tlu'in, Ihe monastic' es- tablishments .simply exhibited the faults of all corporate^ bodies that have outlived the work which they were created to perform. — Hist, op Eno. Pkoim.k, t< 578. ATSr. USUBY inevitable. A.T). 408. At Rome commerce was always held in contempt ; but the senators, from the first age of the reptililic, in- creased their i)alrimony and multiplied their clients by the lucrative practice of usury ; and the obsolete laws were eluded, or violated, by the mittuid inclinations and interest of both parties. — GiHiioNS Ho.MK, ch. 31, p. 251. ft75S. USURY, Law of, Romnn. Usury, the inveterate grievance of the city, had been dis- couraged by the Twelve Tables and abolished by the clamors of the people. It was revived by their wants and idleness, tolerated by the discre- tion of the pnctors, and finally determined by the code of .Justinian. Persons of illustrious rank were confined to the moderate profit of four per rent ; six was pronounced to be the ordinary and legal standard of interest ; eight was allowed for the convenience of mamifacturers and mer- chants ; twelve was granted to nautical insur- ance, which the wiser ancients had not attempted rMUHV-VAI.MH iibA to (Ictliif ; liiit, i-xri'pt III thU pflrllniiH iidvcn- ♦ iiri', tin- pnicllrc of cxdrhitiiiil tisiiry was mcviti'- ly n'Miriilncil.—GiiiiioNH Komi:, cIi. It, p. 'M\H. H1H9, . /.iiriiltiiH. Iili< riMiiiil (III! cillt-M of Aslii wliicli III' ciiiiipiirc'il ill Kii'iit (lU- trt'HH.) Ill llic lll'sl, place, lie ordrri'il llir rri'd- lliirs Hot to tiikc iilio\<- our III till' liiiiKlml I'oi- n inolltirMintt'l-i'Nl ; ill the next pliicc, lie iiImiIIsIh'iI nil illtfri'Mt. Hint I'Xcnilcil till' priticipiil ; tlictlllnl mill most liiiportiiiil I'l'^iiliitioii wns, Ihut. tlii' cnililor nIioiiIiI not. tiikr iiliovi' ii foiirtli purt of llir ilclitor's iiii'oini'. Ami if any oni! took iiitrr- I'si upon liiliTi'st, III' wiiH to loNimll. Ily tlii'so iiii'iiiis, in li'NM limn four years, all tlifilelils were paid, and the eHiates leHtoreil freu to tliu proprie- loiM. — Pi.rTA.iciiH l.ri ri.i.iH. A74M». U8CRY, Lawi againit. FifUnith Cm- t'lr//. I It \vas| enarled, " that, nil maiiiierof per- NoiiH lending iiioney luiinil fora lime, taking for the same loan aiiytliin;: more liesides or aliove the money lent, by way of coiilriiet or eovcMant at the time of tlie said loan, Hlioiild forfeil half the inoiiev so li'iit. " — Knuhits Knii,, vol. 2, eh. 15, p.'2t9. ftTOI. UTILITY VI. Beauty. Sir WnlOr Srott. (I'olitical speei'li.) " We in this dlstrlet," lie smIiI, " arc proud, and with reason, that tlio (Irsl cliiiin lii'iilL>;e was the work of a Scotchman. It still lianas where lie erected it a jiretlv loii)< time a;.'<>. The French heard of our in m ntion, and de- termined to introduce it, but with ^^leat iinprove- ineiits and ombellishments. ... It was on the Heine lit Marly. Tho French chaiiibridge looked Jij;liler and airier than the prototype. Every Kii;;lisliman present was disposed to confess that ve had been beaten at our own trade. Hut by and by the >,'att.s were opened, and the multitude were to pass over. It bej.i;an to Hwiiijf rather for- midably beneath the pressure of the j^ood (com- pany ; and by the time the architect, who led the processson in f^real |»omp and /.(lory, reached the middle, the whole >,nive way, and he — wor- thy, patriolie artist — was the first that ti'>^ earls, of collars and bracelets, and a varicnated flowing robe of .silk, mo.-t curiously embroidered with flowers of gold. In such ap- parel, scared}' to be excused by the youth and folly of Elagabalus, we are at a loss to discover the wisdom of an aged monarch and the sim- plicity of a Roman veteran. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 18, p. 156. 5773. VANITY, Folly of. Madman. One day, as Artaxerxes was hunting, Tirlbazus showed him a rent in his robe, upon which the king said, " What shall I do with it ?" " Put on another, and give that to me," said Tiribazus. " It .shall be so," said the king ; " I give it thee, but I charge tliee not to wear it." Tiribazus, who, though not a bad man, was giddy and vain, disregarding the restriction, soon put on the robe, and at the same time tricked himself out with some golden ornaments, tit only for queens. The court expressed great indignation, because it was a thing contrary to their laws and customs ; but the king only laughed, and said to him, " I allow thee to wear the trinkets as a woman, and the robe as a madman." — Plu- tarch's Artaxerxes. 5774. VANITY, Foolish. Ferg.mon. [Rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth again.st Jameb fl.1 One of the insurgent chiefs was named Fer- guscm.J . . . With this man's knavery wa.i strangely mingled an eccentric vanity which re- sembled madness. The thought that he had raised a rebellion and bestowed a crown liad turned his head. He swaggered about, bran- dishing his naked sword, anci crying to the crowd of s]>ectators who had as.sembled to see tlie army march out of Taunton, "Look at me! You have heard of me. I am Fergu.son the famous Ferguson, the Ferguson for whose head so many hundred pounds have l)een offen^d." And tfiis man, at once unprincipled and brain-sick, had in his keejang the understanding and the conscience of the unhapjjy Monmouth. — Macau- lay's Eno., ch. 5, p. 548. 5775. VANITY with Greatness. Queen FAiz- aheth. A ha])py retort or a finished compliment never failed to win her favor. She hoarded jewels. Her dresses were inniimcrable. Her vanity remained, even to old age, the vanity of a coquette in her teens. No adulation was too fulsome for her, no flattery of hei beauty too gross. She would ])lay with he/ rii.j >. ♦hat lier courtiers might note the delicacy of her hands, or dance a coranto that an ambassador, hidden dexterously behind a curtain, might report her sprightliness to liis master. — Hist, of Eng. People, ^ 710. 5776. VANITY rebuked. " Mne Coat." A fop- pish physician once reminded [Samuel] John- son of his having been in company with him on a former occasion. "I do not remember it, sir." Tlie physician still insisted, adding that he that day wore so fine a coat that it must have attracted his notice. " Sir," said Johnson, " had you been dipped in Pactolus, I should not liave noticed you." — Bopwell's Johnson, p. 530. 5777. . Oliver Goldsmith's. Gold- smith, to divert the tedious minutes, strutted about, bragging of his dre.ss, and I believe was seriously vain of it, for his mind was wonder- fully prone to such impressions. " Come, come," said Garrick, " talk no more of that. You are, perhaps, the vorst — eh, eh !" Goldsmith was eagerlj' attemi '.ing to interrupt him, when Gar- rick went on, laughing ironically, " Nay, you will always look like a gentleman ; but I am talking of being well or ill dressed." " Well, let me tell you," said Goldsmith, " when my tailor brought home my bloom-colored coat, he said, ' Sir, I have a favor to beg of you. When any- body asks you wlio made your clothes, be pleased to mention John Filby, at the Harrow, in Water Lane.'" Johnson : "Why, sir, that was because he knew the strange color would attract crowds to gaze at it, and thus they might hear of him, and see how well he could make a coat, even of so absurd a color." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 16C. 577S. . Plato. Archytas, who had engaged for Plato's safety, when he understood his danger [from Dionysius the tyrant], sent a galley to demand him ; and the tyrant, to palliate liis enmity, previous to his cleparturc made pompui's entertainments. At one of them, how.er, he could not help saying, " I suppose, Ph. wlKsn you return to your companions in tlie at lemy, my faults will often be the subject VANITY— VENGEANCE. 687 of your conversation." " I h()i>t'," unswert'd Plato, "we .shall never be so much at a lo.ss for subjects in the academy as to talk of you." — Plutaucu's Dionybius. 5779. . Merucrates. [He assumed tlie title Menocrates Jupiter. He was a physi- cian.] King Philip hit upon a remedy for his visionary correspondent. Philip invited him to a grand entertainment. Menecrates had a sep- arate table, where nothing was served up to him but incen.se and perfume, while all the other guests fed upon the most exquisite dainties. The first transports of joy with which he was seized, when he found his divinity acknowl- edged, made him forget that he was a man ; but hunger afterward forcing him to recollect his being .so, . . . he took leave of the company abruptly. — Rolun'b Hist., Book 14, § 8. 57§0. VANITY, BidiculouB. Mo n v m ental. The triumphal arch of Con.stantine still remains a melancholy proof of the decline of the arts, and a singular testimony of the meanest vanity. As it was not possible to lind in the capital of the empire a sculptor who was capable of adorn- ing that public monument, the arch of Trajan, without any respect either for his memory or for the rules of propriety, was stripped of its most elegant figures. The difference of times and persons, of actions and characters, was to- tally disregarded. The Parthian captives ap- jiear prostrate at the feet of a prince who never carried his arms beyond the Euphrates ; and curious antiquarians can still discover the head of Trajan on the trophies of Constantine. The new ornaments which it wa.s necessary to intro- duce between the vacancies of ancient sculpture are executed in the rudest and most unskilful manner. — Gibbon's Ro.me, ch. 14, p. 483. 5r§ I. VANITY, Victim of. Alexander. His only fault [in conversation] was his retaining so much of the soldier as to indulge a troublesome vanity. He would not only boast of his own actions, but suffered himself to be cajoled by flatterers to an amazing degree. These wretches were an intolerable burden to the rest of the cumpany, who did not choose to contend with them in adulation, nor yet to appear behind them in their opinion of their king's achieve- ments. — PLUTAncii's Alexanueu. 5T§a. VASSALAGE, HumiUating. Charles 11. to Louis XIV. Since the king was bent on emancipating himself from the control of Par- liament, and since, in such an enterprise, he could not hope for effectual aid at home, it followed that he must look for it abroad. The power and wealth of the King of France might be equal to the arduous task of establishing ab- solute monarchy in England. Such rn allv would undoubtedly expect substantial proofs of gratitude for such a service. Charles must descend to the rank of a great vassal, and must make peace and war according to the directions ol' the government which protected him. . . . His relation to Louis would closely resemble that in which the Rajah of Nagpore and the King of Oude now stand to the British Govern- ment. Those princes are bound to aid the East India Company in all hostilities, defensive and offensive, and to have no diplomatic relations but such as the East India Company shall sanc- tion. The Company, in return, guarantees them against insurrection. — Macaulav's En'.i^>'^ • ' c Goddess of Vengeance, to be forme . ..at i^t this n'arble, by the celebrated Phidias ; and tablets to be erected, on which were recorded the names of the heroes who had fallen in the flglit. — Tytler's Hist., Book 2, ch. 1, p. 130. 5793. VENGEANCE, Passionate. Governor William Berkeley. [In the early history of Vir- ginia the tyranny of Governor Berkeley was re- sisted, and he hung twenty-two patriots ;] nor is it certain when the vengeful tyrant would have stayed his hand, had not the assembly met and passed an edict that no more blood should be spilt for past offences. One of the burgesses from the county of Northampton said iu the de- bate that if the governor were let alone he would hang half the country. When Charles II. heard of Berkeley's ferocity, he exclaimed, "The old fool has taken away more lives in that naked country than I for the murder of my father ;"' and the saying was true. — Ridpatii's U. S., oh. 12, p. 121. 5794. VENGEANCE for Vengeance. " War oj tlis Roses." The head of Duke Richard, crowned in mockery with a diadem of paper, is said to have been impaled on the walls of York. His second son, Lord Rutland, fell crying for mercy on his knees before Clifford. But Clifford's father [Lord Clifford] had been the first to fall in the battle of St. Alban's, which opened the struggle. " As your father killed mine," cried the savage baron, while he plunged his dagger in the young noble's breast, " I will kill you !" The brutal deed was soon to be avenged. — Hist. OF Eng. Pfopi.e, i^ 449. 5795. VENTUEE, An instructive. Captive Party of Franks. [A colony of or ptive Franks] had been established by Probus [the emperor] on the sea-coast of Pontus, with a view oi strengthening the frontier against the inroads of VKIIDICT— VICE. 680 the Aliini. A fleet Htationed in one of tlie linrbors of the Euxine fell into the hands of the FrankH ; and they resolved, through unknown seas, to ex- plore their way from the mou ih of the Phiusis to that of [their native country] the Rhine. Tliiy easily csfaped through the Bosphorus and the Hellespont, and cruising along the Mediterra- nean, indulged their appetite for revenge and f»lundcr by frequent descents o he unsuspect- ng shores of Asia, Greece, and Africa. The opulent city of Syracuse, in whose port the na- vies of Athens and Carthage had formerly been sunk, was sacked by a handful of barbarians, who massa(;red the greatest part of the trem- bling inhabitants. From the Island of Sicily the Franks proceeded to the columns of Hercules, trusted themselves to the ocean, coasted round Spain and Gatd, and steering their triumphant course through the British Channel, at length finished their .surprising voyage by landing in safety on the Batavian or Frisian .shores. The example of their suci;css, instructing their countrymen to conceive the advantages and to despise the dangers of the sea, pointed out to their enterprising spiritsa new road to wealth and glory. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 12, p. 384. 5796. VEBDICT, A welcome, lieign of Jaims II. [Jeffreys tried Lord Delamere for treason.] All the triers, from Churchill, who, as junior baron, spoke first, up to the treasurer, pro- nounced, on their honor, that Delamere was not fuilty. . . . The public joy at the acquittal of •elamere was great. The reign of terror was over. The innocent began to breathe freely, and false accusers to tremble. One letter written on this occasion is scarcely to be read without tears. The widow of Ru.ssell, in her retirement, learned the good news with mingled feelings. " I do bless God , " she wrote, ' ' that He has caused some stop to be put to the shedding of blood in this poor land. Yet when I should rejoice with them that do rejoice, I seek a corner to weep in." — — Macaulay's Eno., ch. 6, p. 37. 5797. VETO, Power of. liomnm. The first tribunes of the people were created two hundred and sixty years after the foundation of Rome, and seventeen years after the abolition of the re- gal government. These magistrates were habit- ed like simple citizens ; tlioy had no exterior en- signs of power ; they had neither tribunal nor jurisdiction as judges ; they had no guards nor attendants, unless a single domestic termed Viator or Apparitor. They stood without the senate-house, nor durst they enter it unless they Were called in by the consuls ; but pos.sessing . . . the power of suspending or annulling, by a single veto, the most solemn decrees of that body, their influence and authority were very great. — Tytler's Hist., Book 3, ch. 4, p. 319. 5798. VICE concealed. Bacchanalians. [This society of young people of both sexes met for purposes professedly pious, and at their frequent meetings indulged in every .species of promis- cuous debauchery,] and even in the commission of the most atrocious crimes ; for the youth of either sex whom they trepanned to their abomi- nable purposes, if unwilling victims,' usually paid the forfeit of life. A freed woman, anxious for the safety of her lover, disclosed the mysteries to tiie consul, Postumius, and to him and to his colleague the Senate committed full power to take every necessary measure for the detection and punishment of all concerned in this horrid as- .sociation, both in Rome and in the other cities of Italy. The number was found to exceed seven thousand. Of these the most guilty were capi- tally punished ; others betook themselves to vol- untary banishment ; and not a few, from con- scious guilt and the terror of puni.shment, laid violent hands on themselves. TIk; Senate pas.sed a solemn decree that henceforward no individual should presume to offer a sacrifice to Bacchus, at which more than five persons a.ssisted, with- out a previous permission granted by their body in full assembly. — TytIjEu's Hist., Book 3, ch. 0, p. 381. 5799. VICE, Diiqaallfied for. Erif/liiihman. The Englishman is held to be " the most unsuc- cessful rake in the world. He is at variance with himself. He is neither brute enough to enjoy his appetites nor man enough to govern them." — Knioiit's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 4, p. 54. 5§00. VICE, Patron of. Henri/ III Henry abandoned himself without restraint to those disgraceful vices and outrageous buffooneries which were the bane of his character and his reign, and which inflicted a deep and lasting in- jury on the social condition of France. The court became alternately the scene of unbridled sensuality and of fierce braAvls, bloody duels, and licensed as.sassi nation. On one occasion three of the king's minions, who were not deficient in personal valor, fought publicly with three crea- tures of the Duke of Guise. Four of the com- batants were killed on the spot, among whom were two of Henry's favorites. Over their dead bodies the monarch made a most preposterous and degrading exhibition of effeminate sorrow and fondness, and erected for them a sumptuous mausoleum in the church of St. Paul at Paris. — Students' France, ch. 18, § 4. 5 §01. VICE, Pleasure in. Epicureans. It might have been the chief pleasure of Epicurus to be honest and just in his dealings, but others find pleasure in fraud and chicane. In short, there is no vice or crime that might not find an apology, or rather a recommendation. Had it not afforded pleasure it would not have been practiyed or committed. " If it is allowable for me," we .shall suppose the disciple of Epicurus to say to his master — " if it is allowable for me to pursue pleasure as mj' chief object, it is, of consequence, allowable for me to be vicious, if I find plea.sure in it." " But you arc punished," says Epicurus, ' ' in the consequence ; and you will find vice prod 'f-tive of pain instead of pleasure." "Oft, ," says the disciple, " I take my risk ; I look to the consequence, and I find it overbalanced by my present gratification ; I find pleasure In this action, notwithstanding the hazard of its consequence ; it is therefore allow- able for me to commit it. " Epicurus must grant that the conclusion is fair and legitimate. — Tytlek's Hist. , Book 2, ch. 9, p. 280. 5§02. VICE by Seaction. From Puritanism. Because he had covered his failings with the mask of devotion, men were encouraged to ob- trude with cynic impudence all their most scan- dalous vices on the public eye. Because he had punished illicit love with barbarous severity, virgin purity and conjugal fidelity were to be made a jest. To that sanctimonious jargon. 090 VICE— VK'TOHV wliich wuti his Shihhulelh, wiis opposed tinotlicr jargon not less absurd and iiiudi more odious. Ah iio ncviT opeued his mouth except In scrip- tural phrase, tlie new breeds of wits and tiiK; gentlemen never opened their mouths witliout uttering ribaldry of whieh a porter would now be asliamed, and without calling on their Maker to curse them, sink them, confound them, blast them, and damn them. — Mac.vulay's Eno., ch. 8, p. :n2. S803. VICE, SohooU of. BHnkinu Plaeen. [After the assassination of Lincoln aiid the at- tempt(!d assassination of Mr. Seward at the same hour,) orders wens instantly given to close all drinking-shojis and all places of public res*)rt in the city. — Hay.mond's Lincoln, ch. 31, p. 701. S§04. . PrkoiiK. In this apart- ment all the inmates of the prison, men and women, debtors and felons, passed the day. As the jailer had the privilege of selling beer and liquors to tlu; jirisoners, they were supplied with just as much drink as they could pay for ; and, consequently, this day-room often presented i scene of riotous debauchery. Every new-comer had to heat the whole company ; and all lines, bets, and i)enalties were discharged by pots of ale and bowls of punch. As no enq)loyment was provided for the prisoners, nor any books, most of them spent the day, and every day, in playing cards and in drinking the beer and brandy wliich were the invariable stakes. The presence of women was frequently the occasion of excesses still more abominable. In this school of deprav- ity, maintained at the expense of the virtuous portion of the coninuinity, youthful offenders, whom judicious treatment could easily have res- cued, were rendered in a few weeks adepts in all the arts by which crime preys upon virtue. There murderers recounted tales of butchery, highway robbers vaunted their exploits on the road, house- breakers unfolded their secrets and magnified their gains. There }'oimg women, imprisoned on su.spicion of a tritiing theft, were thrown among the most abandoned of their own sex and the most brutal of ours. — Cyclopedia ok Bioo., p. 43. 5805. VICES, Dishonored for. Roman Em- peror Ela(jabalu». [See No. 1829.] Elagabalus was massacred by the indignant Prajtorians, his mutilated corpse dragged through the streets of the city, and thrown into the Tiber. His memory was branded with eternal infamy by the Senate, the ju.stice of whos(! decree has been ratified by posterity. — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 6, p. 174. 5§06. VICES, Victim of. Charles James Fox. [He oi)posed the subjugation of the colonies by masterly speeches in Parliament.] With talents, good-nature, and truthfulness he had no restrain- ing principles, and looked down with contempt on those who had. Priding him.self on ignorance of every self-denying virtue, an adept in debauch, and vain in his exce.s.ses, he feared nothing. Un- lucky at the gaming-table, . . . draining the cup of pleasure to the dregs, fond of loose women and beloved by them, the delight of profligates, the sport of usurers, impoverished by his vices, he braved scandal, and gloried in a lordly reckless- ness of his inability to pay his debts. . . . He had a strong will, but never used it to bridle bis l)assions, even though their indulgence wronged his own father or corrupt(!(l his young admirers. — Uancuokt's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 8. 5§07. VICTORIES endangered, Sherman's Arm//. Wiien, on the H)th of March [1865], Gen- eral Sherman was incautiously ai)proaching Ben- tons ville, he was suddenly' attacked by the ever- vigilant .Johnston, and tor a while the Union army, after all its marches and victories, was in (langer of destruction. But the tremendous lighting of General .Jefferson C. Davis' division .saved the day, and on the 3l8t Sherman entereil Goldsborough \inoi)po.sed. — Kiupatii's U. B., ch. «(J, p. r,m). 580§. VICTOEIES oi' Genius. Frederick the dreat. The king's fame tilled all the winld. He had, during the last year, maintained a contest, on terms of mlvantage, against three powers, the weakest of which had more than three times his resources. He had fought four great pitched battles against superior forces. Three of these battles he had gained ; and the defeat of Kolin, rei)aired as it had been, rather raised than low- ered his military renown. The victory of Leu- then is to this day the proudest on tr e roll of Piussian fame. [Battles of IColin, Rosbach, and Leuthen ; the first and last against the Austrlans, the .second against the French.] — Macaulay's Fhioukiuck the Great, p. 98. 5§09. VICTOEIES, SnocesBion of. Napoleon I. The Austrians were now driven out of Italy. [a. d. 1797. ] Napoleon commenced the campaign vith 30,000 men. lie received during the prog- ress of these destructive battles 25,000 recruits. Thus in fen months Napoleon, with 55,000 men, had conquered live armies under veteran generals and composed of more than 200,000 highly dis- ciplined Austrian troops. He had taken 1(X),000 prisoners, and killed and wounded 35,000 men. These were great victories, and "a great vic- tory," said the Duke of Wellington, nobly, "is the most awful thing in the world except a great defeat." — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, c-h. 7. 5§10. VICTORY, Bloodless. Pizairo in Pent. The Peruvian inca said : " I desire to be a vassal of the gods alone. I know nothing about the pope, nor his pretended right to dispose of my king- dom ; and as to renouncing the religion of my ancestors, it will be time to do that when you have proved to me the truth of yours." As soon as the [Spanish] priest returned with this reply [from the inca], Pizarro ordered his artillery to open. A short but desperate and bloody ^jattle ensued. Rushing himself upon the litter of the inca, Pizarro overturned it and took the monarch prisoner. Then the Peruvians fled, leaving be- hind them their king, 2000 killed, 3000 prisoners, and an immense booty. Pizarro was wounded in the hand, but he lost not a man of his little army. This single battle made Pizarro master of Per\i, which he ruled for the next eight years with sovereign sway. — Cyclopedia op Biog., p. 327. 5§ 11. VICTORY, Costless. Roman. Bclisarius, the Roman general, met the Vandals, who had conquered Carthage, above twenty miles from that city, in a decisive battle. Yet no more than fifty Romans and 800 Vandals were found on the field of battle ; so inconsiderable was the carnage of a day which extinguished a nation VICTORY. 091 niid triitistVncil tlic ciupirc of Africa. — Oihhon'h KoMK, til. 41, i>. i;w. 5Sia. VICTORY, Costly. To CoiistantifiM. 1II(! fought tlu! usurper Miigciitius at Mursa in luiigary.) Tbu nuiiil)L'r of tiu! slain was (;()m- putt'd at 54, 000 men, and tlic slauj^litcr of llic conquerors was more consideraljle than that of the vancjuishcd ; a circumstance wliich proves the olistinacy of tlie contest, and justilies tlie ob- .servation of an aficient writer, tliat the forces of the eini)ir(! were consumed in the fatal battle of Mursa, by the loss of a veteran army, sufllcient to (lefen(l tli(! frontiers, or to add new triumplis to the slorv of Home. — Giuhon's Uomk, ch. 18, p. l!»6. ftfii 1 3. VICTORY, Decisive. Santtof/a. On the 9tb of October [1777] Burgoyue reached Sarato- ga, and attempted to escape to Fort Edward. But Gates and Lincoln now commanded the river, and the proud Briton was hoi)elessly liemmtd in. lie held out to tlui last extremity, and tiiially, wlien there were only three days between liis soliliers and starvation, was driven to surrender. i)n the 17tli of October terms of capitulation were agreed on, and the whole army, numl)ering .~)791 , became prisoners of war. Amc^ng tlie cap- tives were si.\ members of the British Parliament. A splendid train of brass artillery, consisting of 43 jiieces, together with nearly .5000 muskets and an imiTK'iise (piaiitity of aiiMiiunition and stores, was tlie further fruit of the victory. The valor of the patriots had fairly eclipsed tlie warlike renown of Great Britain. — 1{idi».\th's U. H., <'h. 40, p. ;«4. 5§14. VICTORY by Enthusiasm. Surrender of Burgoyue. October 1777. [At the battle of Sara- toga.] The cause of the great result was the courage and the determined love of freedom. ... So many of the rank and file were free- holders, or freeholders' sons, that they gave a character to the whole army. . . . When the generals who should have (lirected them [Gen- erals Gates and Lincoln] remained in camp, their common zeal created a harmonious correspond- once of movement, and battled the high olHccrs and veterans opposed to them. — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 9, ch. 24. 5815. VICTORY, Expensive. Pyrrhus. [Pyr- rlius withstood the Romans at Asculum, where he was] wounded in the arm with a javelin, and the Samnites plundered his baggage ; anil ilie number of the slain, counting the loss on both sides, aniount(Ml to above 1.5,000 men. "When they had all quitted the lield, and Pyrrhus was congratulated on the victory, he said: "Such another victory and we are undone." For he had lost great part of the forces which be brought with him and all his friends and officers, except a very small number. lie had no others to send for to supply their place, and he found his con- federates here very cold and spiritless ; whereas the Romans tilled up their legions with ease and despatclv from an inexhaustible fountain which they had at home ; and their defeats were so far from discouraging them, that indignation gave them fresh strength and ardor for the war. — Pl.UTAKCU's PyUKHUS. 5816. VICTORY by Fortune. Pompey. The great Pompey might inscribe on his tropliies that he had defeated in battle two millions of ene- mies and reduc(!(l tifteeii hundred cities from Lak(! MiL'otis to tlie Red Sea ; but the fortum; of Rome Hew before his eagles ; the nations were oppressed by their own fears, and the invincible legions which he commaiuled had been formed by the habits of con(|Uest and tlie discipline of ages. — Giiuion's Ro.mk, ch. 43, ]). 190. 5817. VICTORY by Generalship. Battle of Pritirtton. Washington's position wa.s critical in the extreme. To attein])t to recrosss the Dela- ware was hazardous. To retreat in any direc- tion was to los(! all that he had gaine(ri)y his recent victory. To be beaten in battle was utter ruin. In the great emergency he called a coun- cil of war, aiul announced his determination to leave the camp by night, make a circuit to the cast, pass the British left think, and strike the de- tachment at Princeton befon; his antagonist could discover or impede his movement. Orders were immediately issued for the removal of the bag- gage to Burlington. In order to deceive the enemy, the camp-tires along the Assanpink were brightly kindled and a guard left to keep them burning through the night. Then the army was put in motion by the circuitous route to Prince- ton. Everything was done in silence, and the Briti.sh sentries walked their beats until the morning light showed them a deserted camp. Just then the roar of the American cannon, thir- teen miles away, gave Cornwallis notice of how he had been outgeneralled. At sunrise Washing- ton was entering Princeton. At the .same mo- ment the British regiments stationed there were marching out by the Trenton road to reenforce Cornwallis. The Americans met them in the edge of the village, and the battle at once began. . . . The valor of Washington never shone with brighter lustre. He spurred among his flying men, who rallied at his call. He rode between the hostile lines, and reined his horse within thirty vards of the enemy's column. . . . [The Brit- ish were defeated.] — Ridpath's U. S., ch. 40, p. 317. 5818. VICTORY, Genius for. Cromwell. Two thirds of the field were gained for Rupert and for Charles. Lord Fairfax was defeated. He tied through the field, through the hosts of the Cavaliers, who supposed him to be some Roj'al- ist general ; he posted on to Cawood Castle, ar- rived there, and in the almost or entisely desert- ed house he unbooted and un.saddled himself, and went like a wise old soldier to bed. But amid all that rout, carnage, and flying confu- sion, one man held back his troops. Cromwell, there to the left, when he saw how the whole Royalist force attacked the centre, restrained the fiery impatience of his Ironsides ; he drew them off still farther to the left ; his eye blazed all on fire, till the moment he uttered his short, sharp, passionate word to the troops, " Charge, in the name of the Most High 1" Beneath the clouds, beneath the storm, beneath the night heavens flying along, he scattered the whole ma.ss. We know it was wondrous to see him in those moods of highly -wrought enthusiasm ; and his watch- word always struck along the ranks. "Truth and Peace !" he thundered along the lines ; ' ' Truth and Peace !" in answer to the Royalist cries of " God and the King !" " Upon them — upon them !" That hitherto almost unknown man and his immortal hosts of Puritans poured 692 VICTORY. \ipoii the Ciiviiliers. The ftir was nlive with nr- tillery. Cromwell seized the very guns of the lioyivlists, luid t\irned tiiem upon themselves. Thus, when the Koyalists returned from the scattering the one wing of their foes, they found the ground oc(;upied by victors. TIks fight was fouglit again, but fouglit in vain ; in vain was Rupert's rallying cry, "For God and for the King !"— IIood'h Cromwell, ch. 8, p. 115. 5810. . Qmir. [At the siege of Alesia immense armies gatliered against him.] Out of the 00,000 that had sallied forth in the morning, all but a draggled remnant lay dead on the hill-sides. Seventy-four standards were brought to Ciusar. The besieged retired into Alesia again in despair. The vast hosts that were to have set them free melted away. In the morning they were streaming over the country, making back for their homes, witli CiEsar's cav- alry behind them, cutting tliem down and cap- turing them in thousands. The work was done. The most daring feat In the military annals of mankind had been successfully accomplished. A Roman army which could not at the utmost liave amounted to 50,000 men had held block- aded an army of 80,000 — not weak Asiatics, but European ,soldi(;rs, as .strong and as brave indi- vidually as tae Italians were ; and they had de- feated, beaten, and annihilated another army which had come expecting to overwhelm them, five times as large as their own. — Fiioude's C/ESAR, ch. 19. 5820. VICTORY, Honorable. Alexander. In the month of September there happened an eclipse of the moon, about the beginnmg of the festival of the great mysteries at Athens. The eleventh night after that eclipse the two armies being in view of each other, Darius kept his men under arms, and took a general review of his troops by torchlight. Meantime Alexander suf- fered his Macedonians to repose themselves, and with liis soothsayer Aristander performed some privjvte ceremonies before his tent, and offered sacrifices to Fear. The oldest of his friends, and Parmenio in particular, when they beheld Hie plain between Niphates and the Gordrean Mountains all illumined with the torches of the Barbarians, and heard the tumultuary and ap- palling noise from their camp, like the bellow- ings of an immense sea, were astonished at their numbers, and observed among themselves how arduous an enterprise it would be to meet such a torrent of war in open day. They waited upon the king, therefore, when he had finished the sacrifice, and advised him to attack the enemy in the ni^ht, when darkness would liide what was most dreadful in the combat. Upon which lie gave them that celebrated answer, ' ' I will not steal a victory." — Plutauch's Alexander. 5821. VICTORY, Inexpensive. Battle of Dun- bar. Terrible was the awakening of the Scottish soldiers ; and their matches all out ; the battle- cry rushed along the lines— " The Covenant I The Covenaht !" but it soon became more and more feeble, while yet high and strong, amid the war of the trumpets and the musketry, arose the watchword of Cromwell : " The Lord of Hosts I The Lord of Hosts I" The battle-cry of Luther was in that hour the charging word of the Eng- lish Puritans. Terrible 1 but short as terrible ! Cromwell had seized the moment and the place. The hour and the man met there ; in overthrow- ing the one flank of the enemy's line, he made them the authors of their own defeat. A thick. fog, too, had embarra.ssed their movements ; their very numbers became a source of confu sion. Hut now over St. Abb's Head the sun.suil- denly appeared, crimsoning the sea, scattering the fogs away. The Scottish army were seen flying in all directions— flying, and so brief a fight! "They run I" said Cromwell ; "I pro- test they run !" and catching inspiration, doubt- less, from the bright shining of the daybeam, " Inspired," says Mr. Forster, "by the thought of a triumph so mighty and resistless, his voice- was again heard, ' Now let God arise, and let His enemies be scattered!'" It "was a won- derful victory — wonderful even among won- derful triumphs 1 To hear the shout sent up by the united English army ; to see the general make a halt, and sing the one hundred and sev- enteenth p.salm upon the field. Wonderful that that immense army should thus be scattered — 10,000 prisoners taken, about 3000 slain, 200 nlors, 15,000 stand of arms, and all the artille- ry ! — and that Cromwell should not have lost of his army twenty men ! — Hood's Cromwell, ch. 13, p. 154. 5822. . Casar'a. The most re- markable feature in Caesar's campaigns, and that which indicates most clearly his greatness as a commander, was the smallness of the num- ber of men that he ever lost, eitlier by the sword or by wear and tear. No general was ever so careful of liis soldiers' lives. — Froude's Cm- SAR, ch. 14. 5823. VICTORY, Inglorious. Commodvs. We- read that Commodus descended, sword in hand, into the arena against a wretched gladiator, armed only with a foil of lead, and, after shed- ding the blood of tlie helpless victim, struck, medals to commemorate the inglorious victory. — Macaulay's Frederick the Great, p. 56. 5824. VICTORY, Miraculous. Apparently. [Clovis, the] victorious king of the Franks, pro- ceeded without delay to the siege of Angou- leme. At the sound of his truiiipets the walls of the city imitated the example of Jericho, and instantly fell to the ground ; a splendid miracle, which may be reduced to the supposition that some clerical engineers had secretly undermined the foundations of the rampart. • — Gibbon's Rome, ch. 38, p. 585. 5825. VICTORY, Moderation in. General Grant. Grant, with true delicacy of feeling, re- fused to be present at the terrible humiliation of his foe [surrender of General Leel. . . . Gov- erned by the same feelings, he made no victori- ous entrance into the Confederate capital. — » Headley's Grant, p. 238. 5826. VICTORY, Opportunity for. Alfred the Great. The Saxons were reduced to such de- spair that many left their country, fled into the mountains of Wales, or escaped beyond sea. Alfred himself was obliged to relinquish his crown. He concealed himself in the habit of a peasant, and lived for some time in the house of a neatherd. ... A chief of Devonshire, a man of great spirit and valor, had, with a handful of his followers, routed a large party of Danes, and taken a consecrated or enchanted standard, in VICTOR V—VINDICTIVENKSS. on;} whk'li Ihej' reposed tlie utmost eontideiico. Al- fred, observing tliis syiiii)t()in of reviving; spirit in liis sul)je(!ls, ieft liis retrciil ; hut l)efor«! Imv j Wii recourse to arms, lie resolved to inspect him- self tlie situation of the enemy. Assuming' the j disjfuiseof aiiarper, he |)iissed without susincion into tiie Danish camp, wliere his music, and drol- lery ol)tuin»!d him so favorable a reception that he was kejit there for several days, and even lodged in tlie tent of their prince. Here, having remarked their careless security, their contempt of tli(! Knglish, and their own real weakness, L(3 immediately, by private emissaries, summoned ii rendt'/.vousof the bravest of the Sa.xon nobles. — Tyti-ku's Hist., Book «, cli. 5, p, 108. 5*27. VICTORY a Preparation. Najwleon I. " Such a rapid suc(,'ession of brilliant victories," said Las Casas to Napoleon at St. Helena, "fill- ing the world with your fa me, must have been u .source of great delight to you." "By no means," Napoleon replied ; " they who think so know nothing of the peril of our situation. The vidoryof to-day was instantly forgotten in prep- aration for the battle which was to be fought on the morrow. The aspect of danger was before me. I enjoyed not one moment of peace." — Aii- uott's N.vi'OLKON B. , vol. 1, ch. 5. 5§aS. VICTORY presumed. Pompey. After one doubtful engagement, in which the advan- tage was rather on the side of Pompey, [Julius] Oit'sar led him on to Macedonia, where he had two additional legions under his lieutenant Calvi- nus. Pomptiv, who was easily elated with every appearance oi success, flattered himself that this was a retreat upon tlu! part of his enemy. He was, therefore, anxious to come up with him, and eager to terminate the war by a general en- gagement. This was exactly what Caj.sar wished. This important battle was fought in the field of Pharsalia. The army of Pompey amounted to 45,000 foot and 70()0 horse, which was more thiiii double that of his rival ; and so confident of victory were the former, that they had adorned their tents with festoons of laurel and myrtle, and preparetl a splendid banquet against their return from the battle. Vain and presumptuous preparations ! Of this immense army, 15,000 were left dead on the field and 24,000 surren- dered themselves pri.soners of war, and cheerful- ly incorporated themselves into the army of the yictor, whose loss, in all, did not exceed 200 men. Ca-sar found in the camp of Pompey all his i)apers, containing the correspondence he car- ried on with the chief of his partisans at Rome. The sagacious and magnanimous chief com- mitted them unopened to the flames, declaring that he wished rather to be Ignorant who were his enemies than be obliged to p^uiish them. — Tytlek'8 Hist., Book 6, ch. 2, p. 409. »'5Sa9. VICTORY, An unfortunate. Battle of Manassas. The justice of history compels \is to state that two causes — the overweening confi- dence of the South in the superior valor of its people, induced by the unfortunate victory at Manassas, and the vain delusion . . . that Euro- pean interference was certain, and that peace was near at hand — conspired about this time [close of 1861] to reduce the Southern cause to a crit- ical condition of apathy. — Pollaud's Fikst Yeak of the War, ch. 8, p. 210. 5S:iO. VICTORY, VioUmi of. Imhan». [John Donelson, the father of General .Fackson's wife, and other pioneer emigrants were floating down the Tennes.see River, seeking homes in the wil- derness.] On board one boat, containing twenty- eight persons, the smallpox raged. As this boat always saile^l at a certain distance behind the rest, it was attacked b/ Indian.", who captured it, killed all the men, an(l carried olT the women and children. The Indians caught the small i)ox, of which .sonu! hundreds died in the course of the season. — Cyci,(ji'i;i)i v ok Biocj., p. 5ij;5. asai. VILLAINY, Reward of. Titus Gates. On the day in which he was brought to lUv bar, Westmin.ster Hall was cr-iwded with sjiectators, among whom were many l{onian Catholics, eager to .see the misery and humiliation of their persecutor. A few years earlier his sliort neck, his legs uneven as those of a badger, his forehead low as that of a baboon, his purple cheeks, and his mon.strous length of chin, had been familiar to all who frequented the courts of law. He had then 1)( 1 u the idol of the nation. Wherever he had appeared men had uncovered their heads to him. The lives and estates of the magnates of the realm had been at his mercy. Times had now changed ; and many who had formerly re- garded him as the deliverer of !iis country .shud- dered at the sight of those hideous features ou which villainy .seemed to be written by the hand of God. — Macaulav's Eno., eh. 4, p. 448. 5§3a. VINDICATION, Audacious. /MhireU. [He tlirected tiie assas.sins of Darnley, Queen Mary's despised husband. They assassinated him that Both well might take his i)lace.] Bothwell was accused of regicide before the judges of Edinburgh, at the instance of the Earl of Lennox, the king's father. The favorite, with undaunted audacity, supported by the ((ueen and by tho troops devoted, as usual, to the reigning power, appeared in arms before the judges, and inso- lently exacted from them an acquittal. Tho same day he rode forth, mounted on one of Darnley's favorite horses, which the people recognized with horror bearing his murderer. The queen saluted him from her balcony with a gesture of encouragement and tenderness. — Lamartine'8 Mauy Queen ob' Scots, p. 30. 5§33. VINDICTIVENESS, Prelatical. Arch- hislwp Sharpe. [Archbishop Sharpo was shot at in Scotland, and afterward recognized his would- be assassin. Ilis name was Mitchel. After being tortured by the "iron boot,"] he was brought, before the council, and after a solemn promise that his life should be spared, confessed his guilt. The council doomed him to perpetual im- prisonment on the Bass Rock, [''rhree or four years later] it was determined to bring him to trial. He was brought to Edinburgh, and his own confession was urged against him. The promise on which that confession was extorted was suppressed. The archbishop denied it. The council books were not allowed to be produced. The man was convicted. A distinct record of the promise was found in the council books im- mediately after conviction, yet he was executed Burnet says : "It was such a combination of treachery, perjury, and cruelty as the like had perhaps not been known." — Knight's Eng., vol. 4, ch. 21, p. 348. 694 VI()LKN(;K-VIin'lK. &nttt. VIOLENCE, Error of. ChrMaim. Tho Hiicccssliil f.\iiiiii)let>l' litillit.T >,'av(; ns(! lo reform- ers of (lilTerent kiiidM, and ainoiijr the rest two fnniilicH of Haxoiiy, who ,e names were Htork and Aluneer, pretended to reform holli the Culliolies and the Lutherans. It was their notion that tiie jfospel jfiive them a warrant for propa;,'atin>r their tenets by force of arms, which tliey j^roiinded on these words of Scrijituro : "lam c(mie not to send i)eace, hut u sword." They condenuied the baptism of infants, and trhaptized tlu'ir (iisciples wlien lliey weie come to the age of mauluml, wlience tliey ^ot tlie name of Anabajitists. Tliey prciiciicd up an imiversal ecpiality among man- kind, and strenuously contended botli for relig- ious and civil liberty ; Init it was their error to be too violent. They had not strength to support their sanguinarv notion of converting men by the sword ; and after committing some horrible outrages, they were defeated by the regular troops of the empire, and Muncer and several of his a.ssociates had their fieads cut off upon a scaf- fold at Mulhausen. — Tyti;ns laden with any acqidsition but the; glory of his exalted ac- tions and the grat(?ful benedictions of the peo- ple he had spared. — Rom.in'b Hist., Hook 10, 5844. VIETUE, Uncertain. Satmid Jolninoti. I asked whether a man naturally virtuous, or one who has overcome wicked inclinations, is the b(!st. Johnson : " Sir, to yon. the nuui who has overcome wicked inclinations is not tho best. He has mor(! merit to //(■;««'//; I would rath- er trust my money to a man who has no hands, and so a physical impossibility- to steal, than to a man of the most honest principles. There is a witty satirical story of Foote. He had a small bust of Garrick i)laced upon his bureau. ' You may be surprised,' said he, ' that I allow him to be so near my gold ; but you will ob- serve he has no hands.'" — Boswki.i.'s.Ioiinson, p. 499. 5845. VISION, Fanciful. I'hantow ('it;/. [Sol- yman, an Ottoman emir, was made ruler of the ancient Mysia, where also were the ruins of \\w once opulent ('ity of (Jyzicus.] One night that Solyman, seali'd on the brink of the .sea, was contemplating 'ii a solemn mood, these ruins of temples and ol ,ialaces, illuminated like fantas- tic monuments by the glimmering liuht ot a moon in Its first quarter, a transparent mist, rolled along by the north wind, came to dilTu.se itself upon the.se ruins, and to im])ress upon them, by its undulations, the appearance of life and move- ment. He fancied that the i)hantom city was shaking off its shroud and lifting il.self out of its sepulchre. The murmuring of the waves at his feet, augmenting the illusion, seemed like the hum of a great city when awaking in the morning. He called to mind that prophetic; moon which, is.suing formerly in a dream from the .side of Edebali, and representing the beauti- ful and prolific Alalkatoun, had appeared to his grandsire Otham in the gorges of Phrygia. This second apparition of the moon, illuminating at the same time Asia and Europe in a .scene of such solemnity, appciircd to him a confirmation of the promise made his forefather, and a reproach of the temporization of liis father Orklian. Thus the credulous simplicity of the shepherd is always blended m the Turk with the heroism of a war- rior. The East has dreams in all its histories. It is a moon that conducts the Ottomans first to Phrygia, then to Europe. — Lamautine's Tur- key, p. 229. 5846. VISION, Horrible. Marcus Brutus. A little before he left Asia he was sitting alone in his tent, by a dim light, and at a late hour. Thf silciillv liy lii>* niilc. " Wliiii art llioii '/" siiiii Ik;, lioldly ;" " art llioii ^( d or iniiii '.' And wiml is tliy biiHiiii'MH witli iiic ?" 'I'licspcc Ire uiiswiTcd, "I iiin tliy evil u;i'niiiH, HiiiIiim ! Tliou will Hiin inc lit I'liilippi.' To wliicli lin caiiniy rciilit'd, " I'll niwt tlicc lluri'." WIkii tlir iippiirition wiiH K<»><'. I><* ciillcd Ids Hcrvunis, who told him they hud iicilhcr hi'iird any nois(> . jior liad Hi'i'ii liny vision. — I'mitauch'h AIaucuh Hiurnm. »«ir. VISION, Spiritual. ,Simkn/>or(/. Then" Is II natural hody, and thrro is ii spiritual liodv ; mid, as a consi'iiucnci!, thrre is a natural nii^m, and tiicns is a spiritual siiflit. . . . Now, it is pos- sible for lh(! spiritual houy to ho raised purlially above the natural body, without causiiif^ death, or the entire withdrawal of its life from the nat- ural body. This partial witlidriiwai of llu! spir- itual body, and the enjoyment of .si/rht in the spiriliiul world, is wliat is ineuiit by the opening of till! spiritual siglit. — Wiiitk'h Hwkukniiouu, ch. H, p. 71. »«l». VISION of War. Haniuhal. His strong sen.se of being tlu; devoted instrument of his country's gods to (l(;stroy their enoinies haunted him by night us lliijy |)osse.ssed him by day. In his sleej), so he told Hilenus, ho fan(!ie(l tliat the supreme god of his fathers had called him into the presence of nil the gods of Ciirlliage, who were sitting on their thrones in council. Tlierc he received ii solemn eliarge to iiiviide It- aly ; and one of the heavenly council went with him and with Ids army, to guide him on Ids way. He went on, and his (livine guide comiiiiinded him, " Hee that thou looli not behind thee !" Hut after a while, impatient of tlie restraint, lie turn- ed to look back ; and there lus beheld a huge and monstrous form, thick set all over willi serpents ; wherever it moved orchards and woods iukI houses fell crashing before it. H(! asked his guide in wonder wlmt that monster form was. The god answered, " Thou secst the; desolation of Italv ; go on thy way, straight forward, and cast no look behiiKl." — Ahnoi.d's H.wnihal, p. 7. 5i'10. VISIONS, Effective. Joan of Ave. One summer's day, a fast-day, .Jeanne being at noon- tide in her futher'.s garden, clo.se to the church, saw a dazzling light on tliiit side, and heard a voice .say, " .Jeanne, be a good and obedient child ; go often to church." The poor girl was exceedingly alarmed. Another time she again lieard the voice and saw the radiance ; and in the midst of the effulgence noble figures, one of which had wings, and seemed a v/iHtipnid'hoiunie. "Jeanne," said this figure to her, "go to the succor of the King of France, and thou .sliult re- store his kingdom to him." She replied, all trembling, ' ' Messire, I am only a poor girl ; I know not how to ride or lead men-at-arms." The voice replied, " Go to M. de liaudricourt, cap- tain of Vaucouleurs, and he will conduct thee to the king. St. Catharine and St. Marguerite will be thy aids." She remained stupefied and in tears, ivs if her wliole destiny liad been revealed to her. The prud'homme was no less tlian St. Michael, the severe arcliangel of judgments and of battles. He reappeared to her, inspired her with courage, and told her "the pity for the kingdom of |''nincr." Then ii|)pcared .sainted woini'ii, all ill while, wilh countless llglils around, rich crowns on llieir heads, mid Ihcir voices soft mid moving iiiilo Icars ; but .leaiine shed them iiiicli more ciipiously when saints and angels eft her. " I longed, ' she said, " for the angels -Miciiki.kt'h Juan, to take me away, too. I.. .".. 5MA0. VISIONS, Fiotitloai. Siej/e of Comtau- tinoiik. [Hy Amurulh II.) The strength of the Willis resisted an army of ^(10,000 Turks. . . . The enthusiasm of the dervis, who was snulched to heaven in visionary coiivcrst; wilh Miibonict, was answered bv the credulitvof tlu! C!hristlaiis, y/Xnt beheld i\\v Virgin Mary, inn violet garment, walking on llie rumoiirt iiiid iinimiitiiig their courage. — Giiiiion'h Uo.mk, ch. O.'i, p. 2b5. «W»I. VISITOR, Welcome. Lnfayette. Great was the joy of llie American people in tlie sum- mer of Wi\. The venerated Lafayette, now aged and gray, returned once more to visit the land for wlio.se freedom he hud shed his blood. Tlie honored patriots who had fought by his side came forth lo greet him. The younger he- roes came forth to greet him. In every city and on (;very battle-Held which he visited he was surrounded by a throng of shouting freemen. His journey tlirough the country was a triumph. It wiis a .solemn and .sacred moment when lie stood iiloiie by the grave of Washington. Over the dust of the great dead the patriot of France piiid the homage of his tears. In September of 182.') he bade a tlniil adieu to tlie people who had made him tlieir ^mesl, and tlieii sailed for his na- tive land. At his departure tlie frigate Brandy- wine — II name signiticant for lain— was preptired to lieur iiim away. — RiorATii's U. S., ch. 52, p. 433. 5S5il. VOICE, A powerful. Colonel Ileni-y Kno.r. He had one excellent quality of an ar- tillery ofllcer — 11 voice of stentorian power. Wlien General Washington cro.ssed the Dela- ware, ("olonel Knox, it is said, was of the great- est ussislance, from tlie fact that his orders could be heard from one side of llie river to the otlier. — Cvei.oPKDiA OF Bioo., p. 460. 5i53. VOICE, Training of. Demoittheim. The hesitation and stammering of his tongue he cor- rected by pructising to speak with pelibles in his mouth ; and he strengthened liis voice by run- ning or wulking upliill, and pronouncing some pas.suge in an oration or poem during the ditH- culty of breath which that caused. He hud, moreover, a looking-glass in ids liou.se, lieforo which he used to declaim and adjust all his mo- tions. — I'l.UTAUCIl'S Demostiiknes. 5§54. VOICE, Well-preserved. Old Age. [When He v. Joliu Wesley was seventy years old lie preached in a magnificent natural amphi- theatre at Gwennap to more than 30,000 people, l)y whom he was easily heard in tlie still even- ing.]— Stevenh' Methodism, vol. 2, p. 119. 5S55. VOTE, Only one. Olirer Cromwell. [He was returned to Parliament from the borough of Huntingdon.] He took his seat in tlie fourth Par- liament of Charles I. for Cambridre. His elec- tion was most obstinately contested, and he was returned at last by the majority of a single vote ; his antagonist was Cleaveland, the poet. " That VOTE— vow. fly? vot(!,"i'xrliilm('(l rii'uvcliind, " Imtli niiii(>;iiH' estahlishinent. The lii.K- iirioim dispoMJiion of a Nin^d^ islator ; hut others were dazzled with the lustre of that K"I<1. with which they were, till nosv, iiniu'iiuainted, and the intluenci^ of [jysander prevailed for its reception. It was d(!creed to receive tlie money for the use of the State, while it was at the same time declared a capital crime for any of it to be found in the po.ssession of a private citizen — a weak resolution, which in ef h'v.i was (lonsecratinjif and making; rc^spectabh; in the eyes of the citizens that very lliinj^ of whicli it was necessary to forbid them to aspiiH! at the i)()sse.ssion, ... A sinirlo voic(! in the Senate, pcrhai)s, decided the fate of that illus- trious (!()mmonwealtli. Had there been one otluT virttious man, whose ncfjative would have caused the rejection of that p(>rni(;ious ineasurt!, Sparta mij^lil have continued to exist for af;es frupil, warlike, virtuous, and luicorrupted. — Tyti.kk'h Hist., Hook 4, ch. 6, p. 471. 5H57. . Battle of Mdrnthon. One officer in the council of war had not yet voted. This was Callimachus, tho war-ruler. The voles of the K'^'n^nils were five and five, so that the voice of Callimachus would be decisive. On that vote, in all liuman probability, the destiny of all the nations of the world depended. Mil- tiadcB turned to hlin, and in simple soldierly eloquence . . . the great Athenian thus adjured liis countrymen to vote for giving battle: "It now rests with you, Callimachus, either to en- slave Athens, or, by assuring her freedom, to win yourself an immortality of fame, such as not even Ilarmodius and Aristogeiton have ac- , emperor pr(ipose(l, Mccording to Hk- forms of tlu; republic, Hie important ipiestlon. Whether th(> worship of .lujiiler or that of Chrisl should be the religion of the Hoinans. Tlu! liberty of suf- frages, which head'ected to allow, was destroyed by the hopes and feiirs that his presence ins|)ired ; and the arbitrary {'\\\{\ of Symmachiis was a recent admonition that it might be dangerous to oppose the wishes of the moiiMrch. On a regular division of the Senate, .lupiler was con- demned and degraded by the .seii.se of a very large majority. [.\.i>. IJHH.] — Oihuon's Ko.mk, ch. 2H, p. i:n. AMtfO. VOW of Gratitude. Ahnihdtti Lincoln. Immediately after the battle of Aiitielam . . . |the President said to his Cabinet :] " The time forthe annunciation of the Emancipation policy could no longer be delayed." I'utilic sentiment, he thought, would sustain it ; many of iiis warm- est friends and supporters demanded it, and he had prmnmd hin Uod that hi' would do it. ... "I made a .solemn vow before God that if General Lee were driven back from Pennsylvania I would crown the result by the declaration of freedom to the -slaves." — Raymond's Lincoln, p. 765. A§61. VOW, A sadden. Martin Luther. Another circumstance happened which hastened his decision to .seek his soul's salvation in the moiiMstic lioliness recommended by the church. He bad been on a visit to his parents. On his return to the university he had ri'ached the vil- lage of Stotternheim, near P'rfurt, when a furious thunderstorm burst over him, and he fell fright- ened to Uie earth, crying out, " Deliver me, St. Ann, and I will become a monk." Though he regretted liaving made this vow, he felt himself bound to keep it. And this impelled him to monkhood, for, as lie said him.self, he never could tiud comfort in his Christian baptism, and was always much concerned to obtain the favor of God through his own piety. — Rein's Luther, ch. 3, p. 29. ()(»H VOVVH— WAdKS. Afltt*i. VOWS, Foroad. C.mrnit. |Miilili. She liml hvvu vcilcil ill llcr ('llilillliiiiii, s|h> MHKi'rtl'ii, niily til Niivi' lii-r friiiii llir liiMiilis III' ilir riidi' Hiililii'i V will) inlVNii'il III!' liitiil ; Imil tliinu tln' veil innii liiT ii^uiii itiiil iiK»i», iiiiii liiiil yi'l'li'il at last In tlir iiiiwoiiiaiilv tikiiiilx, iIh- ikiiiiiil iilovvsiil' liiT itiiiil, " Am iitli'ii as I Htiiiiil ill lii'i' iii'i'si'iici'," tlic ^irj iilcikili'il, " I Willi- till' vi'il, In iiililiii^ dm I Willi' it Willi iiiill^iiiiliiiii mill fTii) I Kilt as Niiiiii as I riiiilil p'l (lilt, lit' Inr sIkIiI I iisfd In siiali'li it rriiiii my lirad, lliim it mi llic ^'niiiiui, anil traiiipi)' it iiiiiirr I'mit. 'I'liiit was llir way, and iiiiiii- iillirr, ill wliirli I was vcilid." Aiiscliii III liner diTlarcd lirr I'rrr l'i-iini ('iinvfiitiial linnds, lllld llic slinlll III' liir i'llii^lisji niilltiliiilr wlirll lir Hcl till* criiwn nil Maliida's liniw dniwiii'd liii' iiiiirniiir iif cliiirrliniaii nr nf lianiii.-— Hiht. ok Knii. I*i:i>n,i;, ^ 117. AI>tO:i. VOWS, Religlona. hi Sirkntnn. In 1244 liDiiis IX. . . . was ri'diiii'd tii Hie Imrdrrs of till- f{ravi'. Wiiiif lyill^' in this (irH|KTalc cuiidi- tiiin al tlic cliali an nl' I'milnisi', and rxiiccliii^ (■aril niiiini'iil In lie liis last, Ik: dcniandci! nf his Htlriidaiits a iriiiillx, wiiiili hi' plai rd u|)(in Ids breast, and siinl< ininii'diatciy intDiistatiMirdi'atli- lilti' li'tiiartry. 'I'his was Ilir crisis of tlic disca.sc. To till' astiinisliincnt and jny of all, llii^ daiip'r passed, and rniin thai lidiir I.iiiiis lie^aii to re- cover. It soon Iraiispired that in ids extremity lie had solemnly vowed tliat, NJioiild his life li' Hpared, he would proceed on a crusade to the IIol" Land. — Sti!I)Knts' Fuanck, l lliir<'|N'ii<'i', tlioMt of the curiMiiItT frotii Inilf ii crown to live itnti llvcpciicc, iiiid llioHc of (lie pliinilicr from tliri!)! hIiUIIuk^ to tlvc mid >'ix|Morlaht lo tiic worl(mun of wliicli llio price WHS not, in l(IH5, more tliiin liiiif of wititl it now in. lieer wim iinilouliteillv miicii clii!iip<'r in tlmt une lliitn at prcHcnl— AIac.vi- i.ay'h Knu., a day to a reaper. . . . 'I'lie sldilin;,' a day was eipial lo tlf- teen HliilliiiKs of our present money. . . . Fivo- nence was c(piul let lialf a himliel of wlicat. — Kniuiit'h Kno., vol. i, ill. ;J(), p. 47'^. ««ri. WAGES, Legal, li.iuu ,>f CharUa II. Alionl till' lie^Hiinini; of Hie year 1(W."» Hit! jus- tlccj4of VVarwIeksliire, in the exercise of a power inlniNlcd III lliein liy an act of Kli/alietli, tl.ved, at their qiiarler sessions, a scale of wiiK*'^ for their (roiinty, and nolilled that every cmployiM' who f^iive more than tlio aiitliori/.ed huiii, and every workiiif^man wlio received iiion\ would be liable to puniHiimenl. The wa^es of tlie com- mon iifrriiMiltiiral li^liorer, from March to Scp- tiMiduir, they tlxed at the precise sum inenlioncd by [Hir William | I'etly— naniel tour shilliiinH a wecli wltlimil food. From S. , lemlierlo March th(! waj?es were lo lie only llirei! and sixpence a wwk. — Macaui.av'h IOnu., cIi. IJ, [i. ;)H(J. AMT'J. WAGES by Popularity. CharioltrrH. [Early in the sixth centuryj K'unes were exliib- itcd at the expense of the lepiililic, the niajfis- trvtcfl, or the emperors ; but I he reins were ahandoned to .servile hands ; and if Iheprottl.s of a favorite charioteer somelimes exceciled those of nn imIvociiIc, they must lie considered as llie etfoctH of popuhir extravajjance and the lii>,'li WHj^es of a disgraceful profession. — Giiuui.n'« ItoMK, ch. 40, p. m. ftSrsi. WAGES, Small. FiJUrntk Centimf. The summer wages of the fnic-mason and master carpenter, of five and one (piarter pence without food, were reduced to fourpence in the winter. The lower artilicers and laborers, who received throe undone ipmrter pence in the summer with- out meat and drink, were to serve for three- |)ence in the winter, [a. d. 14.'JO-148.'5. Multi- plying these amounts by fifteen — the supposed re- lation of present to ancient money-value— we have the amount in money of to-day.] — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 7, p, 114. 5»r4. . Reign of Charles 11. Sir William Petty, whose mere as-sertion carries great weight, informs us that a laborer was by no means in the lowest state who received for a day's work fourpence with food, or eightpence without food. Four shillings a week, there- fore, were, according to Potty's calculation, fair agricultural wages. — .MacauIvAy's Eng., ch. 8, p. 386. 5Sr5. . Thirteenth Centun: The domestic servants of liie [Bishop] Swintield es- tablishments wore fed, dothed, and lodged. Th -y received in addition liulf yearly wukix. The contldeiiliiil iiiemlierM of (he hoiiMcliold, who were of geiille liliiod, Willi naiiieM tieiived from places, received ten Mlilllinni*. . . . There wer«i two clerks, proliiilily lay, at half a crown. 'I'he lilglu'Nt-paid servanl was .loliii ilie farrier, at half lllese wilKes. .lolin llie curler, Itolicrl the carter, ilarpin Ihe fiileoner, and William the iiorler had each three and foiirpcci . Vwoii (r'vaii) Ihe launder. Tlioniiis ihe |ialfrevman, mid Koli eriaid llie liiiller had each liiilf a crown ; and so had .lohii the messenger. - KNiuiir's K.no., vol. I, ill. ^'(1, p. ;tl)M. 5l«74i. WALKING, Benefit of. Al.rander. This liiily { Aitiij, as a lesiiniony of Ihe deepseime she had ol Ihe favors received frinii A ''Minder, sent hlni every day iiieiils dressed in Ihe niiml ex- ipiisile milliner ; delicious paslry of all sorls ; mid llie mosi excellent cooks of every kind. Al- exander answered the i|ueen on this oeciksion, "that nil this train was of no service lo him, for that h(! was posHcsMed of much heller cm ks, whom liconidas Ids governor had given him ; one of whom prepared him a good dinner, mul that was, walking a greal deal in Ihe morning very early ; and llie oilier jirejniied him an excel- lent su|>per, and lliiil was, dining \ery modcr- uttl;. . — Koi.i.in's lliHT., Hook 15, s^ 4. ftWTT. WANTS, FewneM of. Ihni/eneM. Alex- ander, altended by all his eoiirliers, made him a visit. The |)liilo.soplier was at Hint time lying down in the sun ; bill seeing so great a crowd of |icopI(! advancing lovvard liim, he sat up, and hxeil his eyes on Alexnndcr. This prince, sur- prised to see NO famous a philosopher rediiecd to such extreme poverty, after saliiliiig him in Ihe kindest. manner, Msked whether he wanted miy- tliing. Diogenes replied : " Yes, llial vou would stand a little oul of my sunshine." 'Hiis answer raised the conlempt and indigiiiilion of all tint courtiers ; but the monarch, struck with the philo.soplicr's greatness of soul ; " Were 1 not Alexander," .says he, " I would be Diogenew." A very profound sense lies hid in this exprcssioi:, wliicli shows perfectly llu; bent and dis|H)silioii of the heart of man. Alexiinilcr is sensible Hint he is formed to jiossess nil things ; such is his destiny, in which he makes his happinesH consist; but then, in case he should not be able to com- pass his ends, lu; is also sensible that to be iiniijiy, he must ciulenvor lo bring his mind to such a frame as to want iiolhing. In a word, all ov nothiufi nre.sonis us with Ihe true image of Alexander ana Diogenes. How great and power- ful soever that jirince might think himwelf, he could not on this occasion deny himself to lie inferior to a man lo whom he could give, and from whom he could take, nothing. — Koi.mn's Hist., Book 15, t< 3. ft87§. WAR, Ancestors' Love of. Early Hiig- lishmen. They were at heart fighters, and their world was a world of war. Tribe warred with tribe, and village with village ; even within the township iUself feuds parted household from household, and passions of hatred and ven- geance were handed on from father to won. Their mood was, above all, a mood of fighting men, venturesome, self-reliant, proud, with u dash of hardness and cruelty in it, but ennobled by the virtues which spring from war, by personal courage and loyalty to plighted word, by a high TOO WAH. tvml stern sense of iMiinhood and the worth of man. A grim joy in Imnl tt<,'hling was already ft characteristic of the race. War was the Eng- lishman's " shiel(l-i)lay" and "sword-game;" the gleeman's verse took fresh Are as he sang of tile rush of the host and the crash of the shield- line. Tlieir arms and weapons, helmet and maiishirt, tall spear and javelin, sword and sunx, tlie short, broad dagger that liung at each war- rior's girdle, g'ltherecl to them much of the leg- end, arul the art which gave color and poetry to the lite of Englishmen. — Hist. ofEno. People, ftS71>. WAR by Avarice. East Indian. It was one of the charges of " high crimes and misde- in(;anors" against Warren Hastings [Governor of JJengal] that he entered into a private engage- iiu'iit with the naliob of Oude, " to furnish him, for a stipulated sum of money, to be paid to the East India ('ompany, with a body of troops for the declared jiurpose of thoroughly extirpating the nation of the Rohilla.s — a nation from whom the company had never received, or pretended to' receive or ajipreliend, any injury whatever." — Ksiuiit's E.\(j., vol. 7, ch. 7, p. 125. 5§80. WAB, AverBion toward. General Grant. [Wlien he visited Germany, Bismarck regretted the emperor's illne.ss did not permit his maje.-ty to review his .soldiers in person.] Gen- eral Grant accepted the crown prince's invitation to a review for next morning, but with a smile continued : "The truth is, I am more a farmer than a soldier. I take little or no intercut in military affairs ; and although I entered the army thirty-five years ago, and have been in two wars — in Mexico as a young lieutenant, and lat- er — I never went into the army without regret, and never retired without pleasure." — General Gkant's Tk.vvels, p. 235. 5§§1. 'WAR, Beginning of. American lievo- Intion. About midnight the [British,] under couimand of Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn, set out for Concord. The people of Bo.ston, Charlestown, and Cambridge were roused by the ringing of bells and the firing of cannons. Two hours before the vigilant Joseph Warren had despatched William Dawes and Paul Uevere to ride with all speed to Lexington and to spread the alarm through the country. Against two o'clock in the morning the minute-.men were under arms, and a company of a hundred and thirty had assembled on the common at Lexing- ton. The patriots loaded their guns, and stood ready ; but no enemy appeared, and it was agreed to separate until the drum-beat should announce the hour of danger. At live o'clock the British van, under command of Pitcairn, came in sight. The provincials, to the number of seventy, rea.s.sembled ; Captain Parker was their leader. Pitcairn rode up, and exclaimed : "Disperse, ye villians ! Throw down your arms, ye rebels, and disperse !" The minuie- men stood still ; Pitcairn discharged his pistol at them, and with a loud -.,.ice cried, " Fire !" The first volley of the Revolution whistled through the air, and sixteen of the patriots — nearly a fourth of the whole number — fell dead or wounded. The rest tired a few random shots, and dispersed. — Ridpath'sU. S.,ch. 38, p. 297. 5SSiJ. WAR, Beneficial. To National Char- acter. [William Pitt, in Parliament, ou contin- uing the Seven Years' War. ] "This war, though it has cut deep into our pecuniary means, lias augmented our military faculties. Set that against the debt — that spirit which has made us what we are." [The debt had been increased sixty millions. Knight says a compensation for the burden of a great debt is made] w'"::i a nation is awakened by war out of a de„Taded condition ; when the principle of an exalted pa- triotism and a generous loyalty takes the place of a venal self-seeking and a misernble abnega- tion of public dutjC— Knight's Eno.,vo1. 6, ch. 16, p. 255. 5§83. WAR, Blessing! of. National Prog- reK,s. For three years after the fall of Montreal the war between France and England lingered on the ocean. The English fleets were every- where victorioas. On the 10th of February, 1763, a treaty of peace was made at Paris. All the French possessions in North America cast- ward of the Mis.si.ssippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and thence through Lakes Maure- pas and Pontchartrain to the Gulf of Mexico, were surrendered to Great Britain. At the same time Spain, with whom England had been at war, ceded East and West Florida to the English Crown. As reciprocal with this provision, France was obliged to make a cession to Spain of all that vast territory west of the Mississippi known as the province of Louisiana. By the swteiJing provisions of the treaty, the French king lost his entire jwssessions in tJie new world. Thus closed the French and Indian war, one of the most important in t>"', histoi/ of mankind. By this conflict it was duided that the decaying institutions of the Middle Ages should not pre- vail in the West, and that the i)owerful language, laws, and liberties of the English race should be planted forever in the vast domains of the New World.— Ridpath'sU. S., ch. 35, p. 279. 5§§4. WAR, Brutality in. Pillage of Magde- burg. [By the army of Wallenstein.] Here com- menced a scene of horrors for which history has no language, poetry no pencil. Neither innocent childhood nor helpless old age — neither youth, sex, rank, nor beautj^ could disarm the fury of the conquerors. Wives were abused in the arms of their husbands, daughters at the feet of their parents ; and the defenceless sex exposed to the double sacrifice of virtue and life. No situation, however obscure or however sacred, escaped the rapacity of the enemy. In a s'rgle church fifty- three women were found beheaded. The Croats amused themselves with throwing children into the flames : Pappenheim's Walloons with stab- bing infants at the mother's lireast. Some offi- cers of the League, horror-struck at this dread- ful scene, ventured to remind [General] Tilly that he liad it in his power to stop the carnage. " Re- turn in an hour," was his answer ; "I will see what I can do ; the soldier must have some re- ward for his danger and toils." ... In less than twelve hours this .strong, populous, and flourishing city, one of the finest in Germany, was reduced to ashes, with the exception of two churches and a few houses, . . the living crawling from under the dead, children wander- ing .about with heartrending cries, calling for their parents, and infants still sucking the breasts of their lifeless mothers. More than six thou- sand bodies were thrown into the Elbe to clear WAR. 701 the streets ; a much greater number had been consumed by the flames. The whole number of the slain was reckoned at nui less than thirty thousand.— TiiiuTY Yeaks' Wau, g 282. 5!rk on the dillerent nature of foreign and civil war. "The former," said he, " is ilie ex- ternal warmth of summer, always tolerable, and often beneficial ; the latter is the deadly heat of .1 fever, which consumes withoi;* a riimedy the vitals of the constitution." — Gihhon's Rome, ch. 68, p. 188. 5M00. WAR, Civilization by. Britain. That the first real civili/er of Britain was the military arm, is evident from every incidental relation of the Roman conquest. — Knight's Eng., vol. 1, ch. 3, p. 30. A§9I. WAR, Compensations of. Thirty Years'. Fearful indeed and destructive was the first movement in which this general political sym- pathy announced itself ; a desolating war of thirty years, which, from the interior of Bohemia to the mouth of the Scheldt, and from the banks of the Po to the coa.sts of the Baltic, ('■ "astated whole countries, destroyed harvests, anu reduced towns and villages to ashes ; which oi)ened a grave for many thousand combatants, and for half a century smothered the glimmering sparks of civilization in Germany, and tlirew back the improving manners of the country into their pristine barbarity and wildness. Yet out of tliis fearful war Europe ci'.me forth free and inde- pendent. In it she first learned to recognize her- self as a community of nations ; and this inter- communion of States, which originated in the Thirty Years' War, would alone l)e sulficient to reconcile the philo.so])her to its horrors. All this was effected by religion. Religion alone could have rendered possible all that was aecomi)lished, but it was far from being the side motive of the war. Had not private advantages and State interests been closely connected with it, vain and powerless would have been the arguments of theologians ; and the cry of the people would never have met with princes .so willing to es- pouse their cause, nor the new doctrines have found such numerous, brave, and persevering champions. — Thikty Teaks' War, § 3. 5§92. WAB, Contempt of. Jlaiif/man-in-Chitif. [Charles Jlordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, the successful commander of the allied expedition against Spain, afterward looked with contempt upon his military vocation.] lie .said : " A gen- eral is only a hangman-in-chief." — Knight's Eng., vol. 5, ch. 19, p. 298. 5§93. WAR, Cruelties of. Scotland. The . . . exploits of Surrey in Scotland are thus recorded in a letter of Wolsey : ' ' The Earl of Surrey so devastated and destroyed all Tweedale and March, that there is left neither house, fortress, village, tree, cattle, corn, nor other succor for man ; insomuch that some of the people that fled from the same, aft(Tward returning and finding no sustenance, were compelled to come into England begging bread, which oftentimes when they do eat they die incontinently for the hunger pas.sed. And with no imprisonment, cutting off their ears, burning them in the faces, 702 WAR. or otherwise, eiin be kep' away." — Knioiit'h En(»., vol. 2, ch. 18, p. 299. dS94. WAE, Cruelty in. Turwnr the Tartar . l^Timour did iiotj forj^et that dream of all coii- (luerors, India. He overran it this time from the Indus to Delhi, from the oeean to Thibet. His army marched with a p<3ople of slaves in its train, the prize of his first victories md who might c'ompromi.se him in other bat s. An atrocious •order delivered one hundred tliousand of them to tleath in a single night. Each Tartar .soldier was t'onstraincd to immolate his portion with his own liand. llemorse, pity, indignation, seized the army. The imans presaged the wrath of Heaven. Timour responded to this revolt of conscience of his warriorc r»idy by the conquest and massacre of Delhi. — Lamaktink'8 Turkey, p. 315. 5895. . Antioch. Mameluke Emir Bibars rapidly reduced the principal Latin fort- resses, and on the 29th of May, 1268, planted his standards on the walls of Antioch. The fall of this capital was fatal to the Christian power ; 17,0()0 of the inhabitants were massacred, and upward of 100,000 sold into slavery. — Studknts' Fkance, ch. 9, § 6, p. 172. 5896. WAS, Deolaration of. Ambassador. n'he Roman ambsissador went to Carthage.] Their orders were simply to demand that Han- nibal and his principal officers should be given up for their attack upon the allies of Rome, in breach of the treaty, and, if this were refused, to declare war. The Carthaginians tried to dis- cuss the previous question, whether the attack on Saguntum was a breach of the treaty ; but to this the Romans would not listen. At length M. Fabius gathered up his toga, as if he were wrapping up something in it, and holding it out thus together, he said : " Behold, here are peace and war ; take which j'ou choose !" The Car- thaginian sufTete, or judge, answered: "Give whichever thou wilt." Hereupon Fabius shook out the- folds of his toga, saying: "Then here we give you war ;" to which several members of the council shouted in answer, " With all our hearts we welcome it." Thus the Roman am- bassador left Carthage, and returned straight to Rome. — Arnold's Haxnibal, p. 6. 5897. WAR degraded. A Trade. In the purer ages of the commonwealth the use of ■ arms was reserved for tho.se ranks of citizens who had a country to love, a property to defend, and some share in enacting those laws which it was their interest as well as duty to maintain. But in proportion as the public freedom was lo.st in extent of conquest, war was gradually improved into an art, and degraded into a trade. — QiBi ion's Rome, ch. 1, p. 10. 5§98. WAR, Destruotive. Gmsar's. Plutarch tells us that in the course of this extraordinary contest, which lasted eight years, Caesar took by force more than 800 towns, subdued 300 distinct tribes or states, and conquered 3,000,000 of fighting men, of whom 1,000,000 perished on the field of battle, and another million were .sold into slavery. — Students' France, ch. 1, g 8, p. 10. 5899. . Of Life. [At the battle of Chfilons, by Attila against Theodoric, the] num- ber of the slain amounted to 162,000, or, accord- ing to another account, 300,000 persons ; and these incredible exaggerations suppo.se a real and effective loss RulHcicnt to justify the historian'! remark, that whole generations may be swept away, by the madness of kings, in the space of a single hour. — Giuhon's Ro.me, ch. 35, p. 446. 5900. . Bonaparte's. From Sep- tember, 1805, to the 15th of November (1814), the Senate had given Bonaparte authority to de- vote to what was called the glory of France no less a number than 2,103,000 of her sous. — Knioht's Eno., vol. 7, ch. 31, p. 568. 5901 WAR, Emblem of. Indian. Other chiefs followed the example of the great sachem, and entered into friendly njlations with the [Plymouth] colony. Nine of the leading tribes acknowledged the .sovereignty of the English king. One chieftain threatened hostilities, but Staiidish's army obliged him to beg for mercy. Canonicus, king of the Narragansetts, sent to AVilliam Bradford, who had been chosen govern- or after the death of Carver, a bundle of arrows wrapped in the .skin of a rattlesnake ; but the imdaunted governor stuffed the skin with pow- der and balls, and sent it back to the chief, who did not dare to accept the dangerous challenge. The hostile emblem was borne about from tribe to tribe, until finallv' it was returned to Plym- outh.— Ridpatii's 0. S., ch. 13, p. 134. 5902. WAR absurdly ended. Treaty of Ghent . There never was a more absurd treaty than that of Ghent. Its only significance was that Great Britain and the United States, having been at war, agreed to be at peace. Not one of the dis- tinctive i.ssues to decide which the war had been undertaken was settled, or even mentioned. Of the impressment of American seamen not a word was said. The wrongs done to the com- merce of the United States were not referred to. The rights of neutral nations were left as unde- termined as before. Of ' ' free-trade and sailors' rights," which had been the battle-cry of the American navy, no mention was made. The principal articles of the compact were devoted to the settlement of unimportant boundaries and the possession of some petty islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy. There is little doubt, how- ever, that at the time of the treaty Great Britain gave the United States a private assurance that impressment and the other wrongs complained of by the Americans should be practised no more. For the space of .sixty years vessels bear- ing the fiag of tlie United States have been se- cure from such insults as caused the war of 1812. Another advantage gained by America was the recognition of her naval power. It was no longer doubtful that American sailore were the peers in valor and patriotism of any seamen in the world. — Ridpatii's U. S., ch. 51, p. 415. 5903. WAR, Enemies in. Hunger. Barba- rossa's army of Crusaders did not come home again, any more than Barbarossa. They were stronger than Turk and Saracen, but not than hunger and disease. Leaders did not know then, as our little friend at Berlin came to know, that " an army, like a serpent, goes upon its belli/." After fine fighting and considerable vic- tories, the end of this Crusade was, it took to "besieging Acre," and, in reality, lay perishing, as of murrain, on the beach at Acre, without shelter, without medicine, without food. Not even Richard Cceur de Lion and his best prow- WAR. 703 Other sachem, witli the up tribes English ities, but mercy. sent to €ss ivnd help could avert such issue from it. — L'Aui.yiiE'H FuKUEiucK TiiK OiucAT, Hook 2, ch. 0, p. m. A904. WAB, Famine by. T/ie Innocent. |In 1418, duriiii; the siege of Uouon, the population wen; shut up for twenty weeks. Famine came. An English chronicler writes ;] And ever thcv of the town hoped to have been rescued, but it would not 1)0 ; and many hundreds died for hun- ger, for they had eaten all the caVs, horses, hounds, rats, micro, and all that might be eaten ; and oft- times the men-at-arms driving out the jioor peo- ple at the gates of the city, for spcrndiiig of vic- tual, anon our men drove them in again ; and young children lay dead in the streets, hanging on the dead mothers' paps, that pity was to see. — Knioiit's En(i., vol. 2, ch. 5, p. 70. 5905. WAB, Famona in. WilUam ofNormarul}/. " No knight under heaven," liis enemies owned, " was William'.s poor." Hoy as ho was at Val-es- janWar. The im- mediate cause of the war is gijiierally allowed to have been the rape of Helen, i\\v wife of Mene- lii'.:.-., by Paris, the son of Priam, King of Troy ; although prior to that motive an animosity had subsisted between the Greeks and Trojans for many generations. It is not otherwise probable that a quarrel which interested only Menelaus and his brother Agamenmon shouhf have been readily espou.sed by all the princes of Greece. The preparations for this war arc .said to have occupied no less than ten years, a length of time which ought not to surprise us, when we con- sider that this was the flrst war in which the whole nation had engaged. — Tytlku'h Hist., Book 1, ch. 8, p. 76. 5911. WAB, Incapacity for. I^rd Loudoun. Ever since the treaty of Utrecht the French had retained Cape Breton ; and the fortress at Louis- burg had been made one of the strongest on the continent. On the 20th of June Lord Loudoun sailed from New York, with an army of 6000 regulars. By the l.st of July lie was at Halifax, where he was joined by Admiral Holburn. with a powerful fleet of sixteen men-of-war. There were on board 5000 additional troops fresh from the armies of England. Never was such a use made of a splendid armament. Loudoun landed before Halifax, cleared off a mustering plain, and sot his otllccrs to drilling regiments aire, dy skilled in every manoeuvre of war. To heighten the absurdity, the fields about the city were plant- ed with onions, for it was said that the men might take a scurvy. By and by the news came that the French vessels in the harbor of Louisburg outnumbered by one the ships of the English .scpiadron. To attack a force that seemed supe- rior to his own was not a part of Loudoun's tactics. Ordering the fleet to go cruising around Cape Breton, he immediately embarked with his army, and sailed for New York. Arriving at this place, he proposed to his offlcors to fortify Long Island, in order to defend the continent against an enemy whom he outnumbered four to one. — RiDP.VTii's U. S., ch. 34, p. 269. 5912. WAB, Inhumanity in. 'Romans. [The Goths had been driven by the Romans to the de- fences of Ravenna.] Those fortifications were, indeed, impregnable to the assault of art or vio- lence ; and when Belisarius invested the capital he was soon convinced that famine only could tame the stubborn spirit of the Barbarians. The sea, the land, and the channels of the Po were guarded by the vigilance of the Roman general ; and his morality extended the rights of war to the practice of poisoning the waters and secret- ly firing the granaries of a besieged city. — Gib- lioN's Rome, ch. 63, p. 179. 5913. WAB, Injury by. Civil. The eflfcct of the constant progress of wealth has been to make insurrection far more terrible to thinking men 7U-4 WAK. than maladministration : . . wealth would be ex- posed to imminent risk of spoliation and destruc- tion. Still greater would l)e the risk to public credit, on which thousands of families directly depend for subsistence, and with which the crea- it of the whole commercial world is insepara- bly connected. It is no exaggeration to say tliat a civil war of a week on English ground would now produce disasters which wovild be felt from the IIoang-Ho to the Missouri, and of which the traces would be discernible at the distance of a century. — Macaulay's Hist., ch. 1, p. 33. 5014. WAE, iMtinot for. Napoleon I. There is still preserved upon the island of Corsica, as an interesting relic, a small brass cannon, weigh- ing about thirty pounds, which was the early and favorite plaything of Napoleon. Its loud report was music to his childish ears. In imag- inary battle he saw whole squadrons mowed down by the discharges of his formidable piece of artillery. — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 1. 5915 WAR, love of. T^rd Nelson. [During the battleof Copenliagan, Nelson's most terrible conflict, he] was walking the quarter-deck, which was slippery with blood and covered with the dead, who could not be removed as fast as they fell.. . . He looked upon the devastation around him, and sternly smiling, said, " This is warm work, and this day may be the last to any of us in a moment. But mark me, I would not be elsewhere for thousands." This was heroic, but it was not noble. — Abbott's Napoleon B., vol. 1, ch. 22. 5916. Franks. Although they were strongly actuated by the allurements of ra- pine, they j)rofessed a disinterested love of war, which they con.sidered as the supreme honor and felicity of human nature ; and their minds and bodies were so completely hardened by perpet- ual action, that, according to the lively expres- sion of an orator, the snows of winter were as pleasant to them as the flowers of spring. — Gib- bon's II0.ME, ch. 20, p. 239. 5917. The Alani. [A people who inhabited the deserts of Scythia.] The mixture of Samatic and German blood had contributed to improve the features of the Alani. . . . They considered war and rapine fis the pleasure and the glory of mankind. A naked cimeter fixed in the ground was the only object of their re- ligious worship ; the scalps of their enemies formed the costly trappings of their horses ; and they viewed with pity and contempt the pusillanimous warriors who patiently expected the infirmities of age. — Gibbon's Ro.me, ch. 26, p. 25. 59l§. WAE, Miseries of. Battle of Freder- icksburg. Little children with blue feet trod painfully over the frozen ground, and those whom they followed knew as little as themselves where to seek food and shelter. Hundreds of ladies wandered homeless over the frozen high- way with bare feet and thin clothing, knowing not where to find a place of refuge. Delicately nurtured girls, with slender forms, upon which no rain had beat, which no wind had ever visit- ed too roughly, walked hurriedly, with unsteady feet, upon the road, seeking only some place where they could shelter themselves. Whole families sought sheds by the wayside, or made roofs of fence-rails and straw, not knowing whither to fly. — Pollaud's Second Year of THE Wak, ch. 6, p. 190. 5919. . Desolation. There is a letter . . . dated from Bologna, December 12, 1530, which presents as striking a picture as was ever drawn of the widespread misery pro- duced by the contests of ambition. In trav- elling fifty miles they saw no creature stirring in rural industry, except three women gathering grapes rotting upon the vines. In Pavia the children were crying about the streets for bread. There was neither horse meat nor man's meat to be found. " There is no hope [for] many years that Italia shall be restored, for want of people." — Knioiit'h Eng., vol. 2, ch. 20, p. 330. 5920. WAR, Monument of. "Heads." Ti- mour the Tartar erected on the ruins of Bagdad a pyramid of ninety thousand heads ; again visited Georgia, and encamped on the banks of the Araxes. — Gibbon's Ko.me, ch. 65, p. 263. 59*1. WAR, Murderous. Battle of Tmrton. [In 1461,] on the eve of Palm Sunday, began the cruel battle of Towton, at four o'clock, when the arn'ies [of the Yorkists and Lancastrians] joined. Through all the night, amid a fall of snow, these fierce men madly fouglit till the af- ternoon of the next day. Then 33,000 men lay dead on the field of battle. ... It is affirmed that there was no quarter given in the battle. . . . The triumiih of the Yorkists was com- plete. — Knight's Eno., vol. 2, ch. 9, p. 148. 5922> WAR, Partisan. Caesar and Pompey. [See No. 4230.] They were now declared ene- mies, and each prepared to assert, by arms, his title to an unrestrained dominion over his coun- try. It is not a little surprising that the citi- zens of Rome should deliberately prepare to sacrifice their lives and fortunes in the decision of such a contest, with all the zeal of men who fight for their most valuable rights and posses- sions. — Tvtlek's Hist., Book 4, ch. 2, j). 406. 5933. WAR, Patriotism in. Defensive. [The threatened invasion of England by the Spanish Armada, and the conflicts which followed the dispersion of that immense and powerful fleet, proved to be beneficial to the nation.] There was a higher result of such a warfare than the taking of ships and the l)urning of towns. A grand spirit of devotion to their country was engendered in the people. The energies called forth in that .stirring time produced a corre- sponding elevation of the national character. — Knight's Eng., vol. 3, ch. 15, p. 239. 5924. . American lierolvtion. Where eminent statesmen hesitated, the in- stinctive action of the multitude revealed the counsels of magnanimity. ... A nation without union, without magazines and arsenals, without a treasury, without credit, without government, fought successfully against the whole strenglli and wealth of Great Britain. An army of veter- an soldiers capitulated to insurgent husband- men. — Bancroft's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 1. 5925. WAR, Piety In. Joan of Arc. At the sight of the Holy Maid and her banner they ral- lied and renewed the assault. Joan rode for- ward at their head, waving her banner and cheering them on. The English quailed at WAR. T05 •what they believed to be the rhnrKC of he!l ; Saint Loup was stormed, uiid its defenders put to the sword, except some few whom Joan suc- ceeded in saving. All her woman's gentleness returned when the combat was over. It was the first time that .she had ever seen a battle-llcild. She wept at the sight of so many bleeding corpses ; and her tears tlowed doubly when she retlected that they were the bodies of Christian men who had died without confession. — Dkci- 8IVE Battlks, $; 38U. 5926. WAB, Folitioiani in. Romnm. To draw him into more open ground, Ciesar had shifted his camp continually. Poinpey had followed cautiously, .still remaining on his guard. His political advisers were impatient of these dilatory movements. Tliev taunted him witli cowardice. Tliey insisted that lie should set his foot on this insignificant adver- sary promptly and at once ; and Pompey, gath- ering courage from their confidence, and trust- ing to his splendid cavalry, agreed at last to use the first occasion that presented itself. . . . tPompey's] beaten army, which a few hours lefore were sharing in imagination the lands and offices of their conquerors, fled out through the opposite gales, throwing away their arms, flinging down their standards, and racing, officers and men, for the rocky hills which at a mile's distance promised them shelter. — Fuoude's C/Ksah, ch. 23. 5927. WAB prayed for. Its Miseries. In l.'>14 Lord Dacre, describing the " robbing, spoiling, and vengeance in ycotland," [adds,] " which I pray our Lord God to continue." [Thus men appealed to the Author of all good in support of their perpetration of all evil.] — Knioiit'sEno., *'o1. 2, ch. 17, p. 274. 592§. WAB, Propensity for. American Ind- ians. Next among the propensities of the red men was the passion for war. Tlieir wars, how- ever, were always undertaken for the redress of grievances, real and imaginaiy, and not for con- quest. But with the Indian a redress of griev- ances meant a personal, vindictive, and bloody vengeance on the defender. The Indian's prin- ciples of war were easily understood, but irre- concilable with justice and humanity. The for- giveness of an injury was reckoned a weakness and a sliame. Revenge was considered among the nobler virtues. The open honorable battle of the field was an event unknown in Indian warfare. Fighting was limited to the surpri.se, the ambuscade, the mas,sacre ; and military strategy consisted of cunning and treacherv. Quarter was rarely asked and never granted ; those who were spared from the fight were only reserved for a barbarous captivity, ransom or the stake. In the torture of his victims all the diabolical ferocitj' of the savage warrior's nature burst forth without restraint.— Ridpath's U. S., ch. 1, p. 44. 5929. WAB, Bomance in. Tfiirii/ Tears' War. Duke Christian, passionately enamored of the Electress Palatine, with whom he had be- come acquainted in Holland, and more dispo.sed for war than ever, led back his army into Lower Saxony, bearing that princess' glove in his hat, and on his standards the motto, " All for God and Her."— Thirty Years' War, § 174. 5930. WAB of the Boiei. Enr/land. [The Duke of York claimed tlut succession to the English throne, which the House of Lords prom- ised at the deatii of King Henry.] But the open display of York's i)retensions at once united the jjartisans of the royal house in a vigorous re- sistance ; and the deadly struggle which received the name of the Wars of tlu; Roses from the wliite rose which formed the badge of the house of York, and the red rose which was tlu^ cogni- zance of the house of Lancastei, began i.i a gathering of the north round Lord Clilford anil of the west round Henry, Duke of Somerset. — IIiHT. okEno. Pk<)I'i,k, 5544!). 5931. WAB for Spoils. Athenians. One day Agesilaus ordered his commissaries to sell the prisoners, but to striji them first. Their clothes found many j)urchascrs ; but as to the prisoners themselvis, their skins being .soft and white by reason of tlieir having livecl .so much within doors, the spcu-tators only laughed at them, thinking they would be of no .service; as slaves. Whereupon Agesilaus, who stood by at the auction, .said to his troops ; "These are the persons whom you fight witli ;" and then point- ing to the rich spoils, " Tlio.se are tl;e things ye fight for." — PixTAncn'H Aoksilaijs. 5932. WAB, Study of. llonorahle. Antigo- nus being asked who was the greatest gen- eral, answered, " Pyrrlius would be, if he lived to be old." Antigonus, indeed, spoke only of the generals of his time ; but Hannibal said that, of all the world had ever belield, the first in j.('nius and skill was Pyrrhu."., Scipio the secoiiii, and him.self the third. . . . This was the only science he applied himself to ; this was the subject of his thoughts and conversation ; for he considered it as a royal study, and looked upon other arts as mere trifling amusenients. And it is rei)orted that when he was asked whether he thought Python or Ca'pliisias the best musician, " Poly- sperchon," said he, " is the general ; " intimating that this was the only point which it became a king to inquire into or know. — Plutarch's Pvu- RHUS. 5933. WAB, Sufferers by. The Innocent. [In 1070 William the Conqueror destroyed the coun- try for a hundred miles about York.] Malmes- bury, writing half a century afterward, .says: " Thus the resources of a province, once flour- ishing, were cut oil, by fin^ .slaughter, and de- vastation. The ground for more than sixty miles, totally uncultivated and uni)rodu(tive, re- mains bare to thejiresent day." Ordericus winds up the lamentable story with these words : ' ' There followed consequently .so great a scarcity in England in the ensuing years, that severe famine involved the innocent and unarmed popu lation in so much misery, that . . . more than a hundred thousand .souls of both sexes perished of want."— Knioht'sEng., vol. 1, ch. 14, p. 193. 5934. WAB, Supplies in. Second Crusade. The army was reviewed near to Nicaja, where it was found to consist of 000,000 foot, including women, and 100,000 hor.se. We have no accounts transmitted to us how such multitudes procure subsistence when once thcj' had come into a bos- tile country. It is difficult to conceive that they could have procured it by plunder without such a total dispersion as must have rendered all their enterprises ineffectual against such a formidable 700 II 5, WAR. enemy iw the Molmrar. .ediiiiH. ... It is highly probiibic thiit the greatest part of the ailiiiiiitie.s tind mlHfortunes which the ("rtiHiiders underwent must have arisen from a Heur(!ily of provisions. — Tyti.kii'8 Hist., Book «, eh. 9, p. 176. 5935. WAR, Solitary Survivor of, Aftjhan. [In 1841 a British army was sent into Afgiuln, wliere, after a complete success, it was placed in great peril by the treachery of the natives. A retreat was finally begun, and of 4rtOO soldiers only one was brought in to Jelalabad, and he wouncled and exhausted. It was Dr. Brydon.]— Knight's Eno., vol. 8, eh. 25, p. 458. 5930. WAE, Terrors of Civil. To WdUnfiiou. [The Duke of Wellington said in Parliament on the 4th of April, 1821) :) Jly Lords, I am one of tho.se who have passed a longer period of my life engaged in war than most men, and princi- pally, I may say, in civil war ; and I must .say this, that if I could avoid bv any sacrifice what- ever even one month of civd war in the country to which I am attached, I would .sacrifice my life in order to do it. I say that there is nothing that destroys property and prosperity and de- moralizes character ♦<> the degree that civil war does ; by it the hand of man is raised against his neighbor, against his brother, and against his father; the servant betrays his master, and the whole .scene ends in confusion and devastation. —Knight's Eng., vol. 8, ch. IJl, p. 239. 5937. WAR, Toleration in. Mahometan. [When Al)')U-Bekr, the sncces.sor of Alahomet, Wiis about o march his .Vrabian warriors into Syria, he gathered them round him in a circle.] "Warriors of Islam," .said he, "attend a mo- ment, and listen well to the precepts which lam about to proinulge to you for observation in times of war. Fight with bravery and loyalty. Never u.se artitice or perfidy toward your en- emies ; do not nuitilate the fallen ; do not slay the aged, nor the children, nor the women ; do not destroy the palm trees ; do not burn the crops ; do not cut the fruit trees ; do not slaugh- ter the animals, except what will l)e neces.sary f or your nourishment. You will find upon your route men living in solitude, in meditation, in the adoration of God ; do them no injury, give them no offence." — La.martine's Tikkky, p. 158. 5938. WAE, Trained for. Frankn. The lofty .stature of the Franks, and their blue eyes, de- noted a Germanic origin ; their clo.se apparel ac- curately expressed the figure of their limbs ; a weighty sword was suspended from a broad belt ; their todies were protected by a l';rge shield ; and these warlike Barbarians were trained, from their earliest youth, to run, to leap, to swim ; to dart the javelin, or battle-iixe, with unerring aim ; to advance, without hesitation, against a superior enemy ; and to maintain, either in life or death, the invincible reputation of their ancestors. — Gibbon's Bome, ch. 35, p. 429. 5939. WAE, Trophies of. GhaMy. From the jiermanent conquest of Kussia the Tartars made a deadly though transient inroad into the heart of Poland, and as far as the borders of Germany. The cities of Lublin and Cracow were obliter- ated ; they approached the .shores of the Baltic ; and in the battle of Lignitz they defeated the dukes of Silesia, the Polish palatines, and the great master of the Teutonic order, and filled inne sacks with the right ears of the slain. — Gibbon's B().mk, ch. ((4, p. 218. 5940. WAE, Uncertainties of. Itt-bellion. .lef- ferson Davis had himself declared, . . . when- ever the war should oixii, the North and not the South should be the field of battle. . . . L. P. Walker, the rebel .secretary of war, had said . . . he W(/uld prophesy that the fiag which now Haunts the bre(!ze here would float over the dome of the old Capitol at Washington before the first of May, and that it might fioat event- ually over Faneuil Hall it.self. — 1{aymon»'» Lincoln, ch. (>, p. 178. 5941. . Anienean Itemliition. Three days after his victory [at Trenton] Washington again cro.s.sed the Delaware, and took post at "^rrenton. . . . The British fell back from their outposts on the Delaware, and concentrated in great forc(! at Princeton. C^ornwallis took com- mand in person, and resolved to attack and over- whelm Washington at Trenton. So closed the year. Ten days previously Howe only waiteci for the freezing up of the Delaware before taking up his quarters in Phila(leli)hia. Now it was a question whether he would be able to hold a single town in New Jersey. — RiorATH's U. S., ch. 39, p. 316. 5942. WAE unhindered. Kinn Philip's War. The Indians were not idle. " We will fight," said they, "the.se twenty years; you have houses, barns, and corn ; we have now nothing to lose." — Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 12. 5943. WAE, Waste of. Devastation. The Emperor Charles [V.], whose recent triumphs had inspin.'d him with unbounded self-confi- dence, expressed the utmo.st disdain for the mili- tary resources and tactics of his adversary, and, vowing that he would bring the [Francis I.] King of France as low as the jmorest gentleman in his dominions, he crossed the Var and invaded Provence, at the head of 50,000 men, on the 25tli of July. The French army, led by the Constable Slontmorency, took ])()st at Avig- non, wliic!; conunands both the Khone and the Durance. The i)oi)ulation was ordered to retire into the fortified towns ; properly and provi- sions of all kinds were hastily withdrawn, and the entire district in the route of the advancing enemy was then mercilessly laid wast<; by the French them.selves, .so that Provence presented in the course of a few days the most deplorable s])ectacle of desolation. Flourishing town.s — Grasse, Digne, Draguignan, Antibes, Toulon — were set on fire and reduced to ashes ; the in- habitants fled to the mountains, where thousands perished from exposure, privation, and hunger. The march of the invnders was unoppo.sed ; but it becanu' every day more and more difficult to •subsist the troops, and on reaching Aix, the cap- ital, where he had intended to take triumphant possession of the kingdom of Provence, Charles found it, to his great dismay, totally depopulated and abandoned ; everything had been removed or destroyed that could be of the slightest use or value to a conqueror. Famine, and its never- failing con.sequence, contagious disease, soon made JFearful havoc in the imperial ranks. It was attempted to besiege Aries and Marseilles ; but in each case the assailants were beaten off WAIl— WATCHMEN. 707 with severe loss ; mid the emperor, heiirinj^ at this moment of tlr? iirriviil of Friiiicis on his in- trenched ciiinp before Avignon, and iipprchend- ing un iitUiek with uverwlielming numbers, re- hi(!tiintly gave orders to commence a retreat. — SriJDKNTH FUANCK. «9'I4. WAE, Wealth by. Peter Cmiier. Tlie war, however, was the lieginniiij.? of his fortune. The supply of foreign mercluuidise being cut olf, ft great impulse was given to manufactures. Cloth, for example, rose to .such an extravagant price that cloth factories sprang up everywhere!, and there was a sudden demand for every de- scription of cloth-making machinerj'. Peter Cooper, who p()sses.sed a line genius for inven- tion, inv nt(!d a machine for shearing the nap from the surfatre of doth. It answerecl its pur- pone well, and he sold it without delay to good advantage. Then he nuide another ; and as often aa lie had oni; done, he would go to some cloth mill, explain its merits, and .sell it. lie soon had a thriving shoj), where hcs employed several men, and he sold his machines faster than he could nuike them. — Cyci.oi'KDia ok Bioo., p. 572. 5015. WAE, Wounda in. Philii) of Macedou. No warrior was ever bolder or more intrepid in tight. Demosthenes, who cannot be suspected of flattering him, gives a glorious testimony of him on this head ; for which reason I will cite his own words. " I saw," says this orator, " this very Philip, with whom we disputed for sovereignty and empire — I saw him, though cov- ered with wounds, his eyes struck out, his collar- bone broken, maimed both in his hands and feet, .still resolutely rush into the midst of dangers, and ready to deliver up to fortune any otiier part of his body she might desire, provided he might live honorably and gloriously with the rest of it. " — Rollin's Hist., Book 14, § B. 5946. WARFARE, Unequal. American Rev- olution. During the summer [1776] Washing- ton's forces were augmented to about 27,000 men ; but the terms of enlistment were constant- ly expiring; sickness prevailed in the camp ; and the effective force was but little more than half as great as the aggregate. On the other hand, Great Britain was making the va.stest prepara- tions. By a treaty with some of the petty Ger- man States, 17,000 Hessian nu^rcenaries were hired to tight against America. George III. was going to quell his revolted provinces by turning loose upon them a brutal foreign soldiery ; 25,000 additional P]nglish troops were levied ; an im- mense squadron was fitted out to aid in the re- duction of the colonies, and f 1,000, 000 were voted for the extraordinary expenses of the war department. By these measiu'cs the Americans were greatlv exasperated. — RroPATii's U. S., ch. 39, p. 308. 5947. WARNING of Danger. liiclmrd I. [Richard the Lion.] The firmness of Hubert Walter had secured order in England, but over sea Richard foiuid hini.self face to face with dangers which he wits too clear-sighted to un- dervalue. Destitute of his father's administra- tive genius, less ingenious in his political con- ceptions than John, Richard was far from being a mere soldier. A love of adventure, a pride in sheer physical strength, here and there a roman- tic generosity jostled roughly with tho craft, the unscrupiilousness, the violence of Ms race ; but he was at heart a statesman, cool and patient in the execution of his plans as he was bold in their conception. "The devil is loose ; take care of yourself," Philip had written to John at the news of Richard's release. — Hist, ofc' Eno. Pkoim^;, S 151. 594M. WARNINGS, Effective. CmnrH. It was now eleven in the forenoon, ("a'sar shook olT his uneasiness, and rose to go. As he cro.ssed the hall, his statue fell, and shivered on the stones. Some .servants, perhaps, had heard whis|X'rs, and wished to warn him. As he still passed on, a strangcT thrust a scroll into his hand, and begged liim to read it on tiie spot. It contained a list of the conspirators, with aclearaccoiuitof the plot. He supposed it to be a petition, and placed it carelessly among his other paju-rs. The fate of the empire hung u[)on a thread, liut the thread was not broken. As Cuj.sar had lived to reconstruct the Ronnm world, so his death was necessary to finish the work. [He was assassi- nated.] — Fu()i:de'h C.*:sau, ch. 27. 5949. WARS, Occasion of. IMitjion and Com- merce. A.D. 1713. Tiie treaty of jK'ace at Utrecht scattered the seeds of war broadcast throughout the globe. . .. Instead of establishing cijual jus- tice, England .sought conunercial advaiil;.ges ; . . . for about two centuries the wars of religion had prevailed. The wars for conunercial advan- tages were now i)rei)arcd. The interests of com- merce, under the narrow point of view of i)rivi- lege and of profit, regulated diplomacy, swayed legislation, and mar.shalled revolutions. [See No. 4097.]— Bancuokt's U. S., vol. 3, eh. 21. 5950. WATCHFULNESS, Safety by. Tennessee Wilderness. Never has a settlement l)een so in- fested with hostile Indiatis as this. When Ra- chel Donelson [afterward the beloved wife of General Jack.son], with her sisters and young friends, went blackberrying, a guard of young men, with their rillcs loaded and cocked, stood guard over the .surrounding thickets while the girls picked the fruit. It was not safe for a man to stoop over a spring to drink unless some one else was on the watcli with his rifie in his arms ; and when half a dozen men stood together, in conversation, they turned their backs to each other, all facing different ways, to watch for a lurking savage. So the Do'nelsons lived for eight years, and gathered about them more ne- groes, more cattle, and more horses than any other household in the settlement.— Cyclopedia OF Bigg., p. 534. 505 1 . WATCHMEN, Mistaken. American Rev- olution. Marching by way of Charle.stowu Neck, the provincials came, about eleven o'clock, to the eminence which they were instructed to fortify. Prescott and his engineer, Gridley, not Ukiiig the position of Bunker Hill, proceeded down the peninsular seven hundred yards toanother height, afterward called Breed's Hill. The latter was within easy cannon range of Boston. On this summit a redoubt eight rods square was planned by the engineer, and there, from midnight to day-dawn, the men worked in silence. The Brit- ish ships in the harbor were so near that the Americans could hear the sentinels on deck re- peating the night call, " All is well." The works were not yet completed when morning revealed 708 WATEU-WEAKNEHS. tin; iicw-iimdc redoubt Id (Ik- ustoiiislicd liriiiHli of HoHtoii.— KiDPATiiH u. s., v\\. ;»M, p. aoo. MM. WATER. Need of. Kiiujdotn. 'V\\v iiioHt diHtiri>;uiHlK'd of Ids I Ijyciirgus'| anccHlors WHS Sons, under wlioin tlieLiicedieiuoidans umde the Jlti'iliK (heir slivves, mid i^iiiiied an extensive tract of latid from the Arcadians. Of this Sous it is lelaled Ihat. biiing bcsicj^ed l)y th(! Olito- riaiis in a dillicult ])<)st wiiere there was no water, lie aj^reed to ;;ive up all his con(juests. provided that Iduiself and all Ills army sliouid drink of the nei)rld)orinj^ siirin^. When these (conditions were sworn to, lie assembled his forces, and of- fered his kinifdoin to the man that would for- bear drinking ; not one of them, however, would deny himself. — Plutakch's Lyourous. 59S3. WATER, Overflow of. Alban Lake. Of the many springs, brooks, and lakes which Italy abounds with, some were dried up, and others but feebly resisted the drought ; the rivers always low in the summer, then ran with a very slender stream. Mut the Alban Lake, which has itssoin-ce within itself, and discharges no part of its water, lK'ingloughed fields and other cultivated grounds to the .sea. it not only astonished the Komans, but was thought by all Italy to portend some extraordinary event. [The oracles declar- ed] that the city coidd never be taken until the wjiters of the Alban Lake, which had now forsaken their bed, and found new pas.sages, were turned back, or .so diverted as to prevent their mixing with the sea. — Pi.UTAitcii's Ca- Mii.i.rs. 505J. WATERING-PLACES, Rustic. Ru'f/n of C/iiirli's II. When the court, soon after tlie Restoration, visited Tunbridge Wells, there was no town there ; but within a mile of the .spring rustic cottages, somewhat cUcaner and neater than the ordinary cottages of that time, were .scattered over the heath. Some of these cabins were movable, and were carried on sledges from one part of the common to another. To these huts men of fashion, wearied with the din and smoke of London, sometimes came in the sum- mer to breathe fresh air, and to catch a glimpse of rural life. During the .season a kind of fair was daily held near the fountain. The wives and daughters of the Kentish farmers came from the neighboring villages with cream, cherries, wheat ears, and q\iails. To chaffer with them, to flirt with them, to praise their .straw hats and tight heels, was a refreshing i)astime to volup- tuaries sick of the airs of actres.se8 and maids of honor. Milliners, toymen, nd jewellers came down from London, and opened a bazaar under the trees. In one booth the politician might find his cofTee and the London Gazette ; in another Avere gamblers playing deep at ba8.sct ; and on fine evenings tlie fiddlers were in attendance, and there were morris-dances on the elastic turf of tin' bowling green. — Macaii.ay'h Eno., ch », p. aaa. 51»«'ia. WATERING PLACES, UnlnTiUng. Iteign of U/iiirliii 11. [At Hath Springs l\w rooms were small and] were uncarixMed, and were color(!d brown with a wash made of soot and sinidl beer, in order to hide the dirt. Not a wainsc'ot waH painted. Not a hearth or chimney-pi(!ci> was of nnirble. A slab of con\mon freestone, and tire- irons whi(ch had cost from three to four shillings, \\ ere thought sulllcient for any fireplace. The best ai)artments were hung with coarse woollen stuiT, and were furnished with rush-bottomed chairs. -Macaii.ay'h Enci.,c1i. )J, p. 828. 5036. WEAK destroyed. Ancient (Urmaru. [The Ileruli. who anciently iidiabited the dark lore.sts of Germany and I'oland, | wen; a fierce people who dLsdained the use of armor, and who (condenmed their widows and aged parents not to survive the loss of their husbands or the de- cay of their strength. — Oiiihon's Uume, ch. 89, p 10. 5ft5r. WEAKNESS, Criminality of. Richard Cniinirdl. [When Uichard Cromwell .succeeded his father in the Protectorate; of England, he did not bring his father's endowments with him. When the army began to evince a ho.stility tow- ard Parliament the ofllcers who were devoted to him urged him to adopt some strong meas- ure, and stand firm. Hiit he slirank from the resi)on8ibility, saying,] " I have never done any- body any harm, anil I never will ; I will not have a droj) of blood spilt for the preservation of my greatness, which is a burden to me." — Knkuit's Eno., vol. 4, ch. 14, p. 220. 59SH. WEAKNESS by Enlargement. Empire if the MohaniniedanH. The thy-d and most obvi- ous cau.se of the decline and fall of the caliphs 'was the weight and Magnitude of the empire itself. The caliph Alnmmon might proudly assert that it was ea.sierfor Inm to rule the East and the West than to manage a che.ss-board of two feet square ; yet I suspect Ihat in both those games he was guilty of many fatal mistakes. — (jtinuoN's Ro.MK, ch. 52, p. 825. 5059. WEAKNESS of great Men. Demosthenes. [At the battle of Cherona'a] Demosthenes, who was a greater statesman than a warrior, and more capable of giving wholesome coun.sel in his harangiies than of .supjwrting them by an intrepid courage, threw down his arms, and lied with the rest. It is even said that in his flight his robe being caught by a bramble, he imagined that some of tiie enemy liad laid hold of liim, and cried out, " Spare my life !' More than 1000 Athenians were left ujion the field of battle, and above 2000 taken prisoners, among whom was Demades, the orator. The lo.ss was as great on the Theban side. — Hollin's Hist., Hook 14, t; 6. -;^«»60. "WEAKNESS, Moral. Milo the Athlete. [Me was the champion wrestler of Greece.] An author has judiciously oLocTved that this sur- prisingly robust champion, who prided himself so much on his bodily strength, was the weakest of men with regard to a passion which often subdues and captivates the strongest ; a courte- .san having gained so great an ascendancy over Milo that she tyrannized over lum in tlie most imperious manner, and made him obey what- WKAI/ni. 709 ever cuiuiimmU hIic laid upon liini. — Uullin'h IIiHT., Book 7. ell. :i, 55 21M». A90I . WEALTH, ConMrTation of. lifigii of Jaiiiin If. [ll(t desired to M((eure tlie reiiKiows nsvolutioti of Kngliiiid liy Ne(;uriiig ii itoiimii Ciitliolic HuceesHioii to tlio tliroiie. | To all ini 'i not utterly i)liiided Ity puH.sion, tliese dlltlctdties iippciired insuperal)lo. Tlie niosl uiiH(;riii)ulous HJiives of power «lio\ved ni^uH of mieiiHlness. Dryden nuittered tlmt tlie kin>; would only niiike niatt(!rs worse by tryiiijf to mend tliern, and Hijiflied for the gold(!n days of the carelesH and good-natured Cliarles. Even JelTreys wavered. As long as Ik? was poor, he was per- fectly ready to facu; ()l)lo(|uy and i)iiliii(^ hatred for luere. Hut \u; had now, hy corruption and extortion, accumulated great riches ; and he was more anxious to secure them than to increase them. His slackness drew on him a shar]) rep- rimand from the royal lips. In dread of being deprived of the great seal, iKipronu.sed whatev(T wius reijuired of him ; but liarillon, in reporting this circumstanci! to Louis, remarked that the King of England could i)laee little reliance on any man who had anything to lose. — M.\cau- i,ay'h Enu., ch. K, p. 201. 5902. WEALTH, Corrupting. Relif/ion. The story of Paul of Samosata, who tilled the metro- politan see of Anlioch, while the East was in the hands of de Onathus and Zenobia, may serve to illu.strate the condition and character of \\w, tiujes. The wealth of that prelate was a sutll- cient evidence of his guilt, since it was neither derived from the inheritance of his fathers nor ac(pnred by the arts of honest industry. But Paul consiucired the .service of the Churcli as a very lucrative profession. His ecclesiastical ju- ris(liction was venal and rapacious ; he extorted frecpient contributions from the most opulent of the faithful, and converted to his own use a con- siderable part <3f the public revenue. By his pride and luxury the Christian religion was rendered odious in the eyes of the Gentiles. His council chamber and his throne, the splendor with which he appeared in public, the suppliant crowd who solicited his attention, the multitude of letters and petitions to which he dictated his answers, and the pcri)etual hurry of business in which he was involved, were circumstances much better suited to the state of a civil magis- trate; thati to tlu! humility of a primitive bishop. — Gmuion's RoMK, ch. IG, p. r)3. 5063. WE ALTH by Corruption. Lord Claren- don. [Lord Clarendon, chancellor for the cor- rupt Charles IL,] returned from exile in the deepest poverty. In seven years he had acquired a sufficient fortune to build a mansion .superior to ducal palaces, and to furnish it with the most costly objects of taste and luxury. It was called " Dunkirk House" by the people, because they saw what they believed to be evidence of foreign bribery. — Knight's Enc, vol. 4, ch. 17, p. 301. 5064. WEALTH, Cost of. Samuel Johnson. Mrs. Thrale mentioned a gentleman who had ac- quired a fortune of £4000 a year in trade, but was absolutely miserable, because, he could not talk in company ; so miserable, that he was im- pelled to lament his situation in the street to , whom he hates, and who he knows despises liim. " I am a most unhappy man," sjiid he. " I am invited to conversations. I go to conversations ; but, alas I I have no converwition." Joiinhun ; " Man commoidy cannot Iw sun essful in dilTer- cnl ways. This gentleman has spent, in getting tiOOO a year, the time in which he might have learned to talk ; and now hecatinot talk. " .Mr. I'erkins made a shrewd and droll remark : " If Ik; had got his i'4(H)0 a yearasa mountebank, hu ndght havt; learned to talk at the .same time that Ik; was getting his fortuiK-." — Bohwki.i.'n Joii^^- SON, p. 450. ' 5065. . Sdinud Johnn'm. The conversation having luriud on the prevailing j)ractice if going to the East Indies in (|uesl oi wealth. .loiiNHON : " A man had licller have £10,000 at tin; cikI of ten years passed in Eng- land than 1:20,000 at tin' end of ti'U years jias.sed in India, because you must compute what you (/('(v for money ; aiul a man who has lix-ed'ten years in IiKlia has giv(;n up ten years oC social comfort, anil all those advantages which arise from living in England." — Bohwki.i.'s .Ioii.n- .SON, p. 4ir). 5066. WEALTH, Dangerous. 7'" /VW//. .I..hn Wesley remarked in early life that he luid known but four UK'H who had not declined in religion by beconnng wealthy ; at a later period in life he corrected the r(>inark, and niiidc no excep- tion. — StKVKNS' MkTIIODISM, vol. 1, p. 2t)S. 5067. WEALTH, Despoiled of. /.'// ('n>i,nn/l. The old Irish gentry were scatlircd over the whole world. Descendants of Milesian chief- tains swaruK'd in all the courts and camps of the Continent. The despoiled ])roprietors who still remained in their native land brooded gloomily over their losses, |)ined for the opidene(; and dignity of which they had been deprived, and cherished wild hopes of another revolution. A jjcrson of thisclass was described by his coun- tryman as a gentleman who would be rich if justice were done, as a gentleman who had a tine estate if he could onlv get it. — .Macau- i.Av's EN(i., ch. 0, p. 120. 506§. WEALTH destroyed. For Safrt//. After the retreat [from Africa] of the Saracens, the victorious i)rophetcss [Cahina] assembled the Moorish C'hiefs, and recommended a measure of strange and .savage policy. "Our cities," .said she, "and the gold and silver whieli thev con- tain, i)erpetindly attract the arms of the Arabs. These vile metals are not the objects of our am- bition ; we content our.selves with the sim])le productions of the earth. Let us destroy the.so cities ; let us burj' i!i their ruins those |)ernicious trea.sures ; and when the avarice of our foes shall be destitute of temptation, perhaps they will cea.sc to di.sturb the trancpiillity of a warlike peo- ])le." The propo.sal was aceeiited with unani- mous applause. From Tangier to Trii)oli the buildings, or at least the fortifications, were de- molished, tlu; fruit-trees were cut down, the nK;ans of subsistence were extirpated, a fertile and populous garden was changed into a desert, and the historians of a more recent period could discern the frequent traces of the prospi'rity and devastation of their ancestors. — GinnoN 8 Rome, ch. .51 , p. 246. 5069. WEALTH, Enormous. Cdidacuzene. [This grand chamberlain and adroit intriguer of the Turkish empire became the possessor of enormous wealth.] The register of his private 710 WEAI/ril. wciiltli ritiiiiiulM IIS of thf oniilcncc of LucuIIiih iiiid of OnuwiiM lit Uoiiio. 'I'lic ('oiitls<'utioii of his IrciiMiirt'^ in Hiiver, iiftiT liir* tIrHt rxilc, Hiilllccd lo (-(iiiip II ticut of Nixty vcMHi'ls. IliN i(niiiiirit'N (■onbiiiicd llm |)roviHioiiH of ii ciipitul, iii liarlcy iitul wlical. Two llioiiHiiiid yol^o of oxen lillcii lii.s luiidH ill Thruci> ; iwo tiioiisaiid live Imiidrcd iimn-s Niippliod witli iiorscs his nUiIiIcm ; thn^o liiiiidri'd oiiiiiitlH, live liiiiidrcd iiuiics, tlv<> iiiin- drcd usHcM, tll'ly thousand lio>;s, seventy llioiiNaiid siii'cp, fllidd his farmyards or covcroil hU pan- lilies. — liAMAUTIMx'H TiJIlKKV, p. 2^4. AfirO. WEALTH, Failure of. Siiinid John- noil, .loliiison and I set out in Dr. 'I'aylor's cliais*' to go to Derliy. 'I'iie day was line, and wo rivsolveii lo g" '•>' Keddiestone, tiie seal of liord Scarsdale, tliat I inigiit H<>e Ids liOi-(islii])'s tine house. I was striicl^ witii li.e inaKiiitlceiice of the l)uildiiiK ; and tiie itxli-iisivt^ park, wiili tite liiiesl viTdiire, coven^d with deer and eallle und slie(!|), deiiglited me. 'I'ho niimlier of old oalis, of an iiniiutnsu si/.e, tilled me with a sort of retipeetful admiration ; for oiii! of them L'dl) was oliered. Tlic ex(U'llent smooth gravel roads ; tluHiirgi! pi(!('() of water, formed l)y his Ijordship from some hiiiuII lirooks, witii a liandsonui liarii;(; iijion it ; the venerable Ootiiie church, now the family chapel, just liy tlK? liouse -in short, the graiul group of (>l)jects agitated and distended my mind in a most agreeable manner. " One should think, "said I, " that theproprit^torof all this mit^it bo liappy." " Nay, sir, "said .Johnson ; "all this ox(;ludos but one evil — poverty." — UoSWKM.'a JoilNHON, p. !W9. ^97 1. WEALTH by Flattery. IIouk: A rich childish old man was a doincsiic tyrant, and his power iiuircasod with his years and intlrmi- tics. A servile crowd, in wliicli ho freciuontiv rockoncil priutors and consuls, courted Ins smiles, pampered liis avaric-e, applauded liis folli(\s, .served his passions, and waited with im- pationco for his death. The arts of attt^ndance und flattery were formed into a most lucrative .sciouce ; those who professed it aciiuired a pecul- iar appellation ; and the wholi- city, according to the lively descriptions of satire, was divided between two parties — the hunters and their 8mu'. [The flatterers hoped for legacies.] — ibudn's Ro.mk, ch. 6, p. 193. 5972. WEALTH, Oenini for. Marcun Crasnim. He made himself useful to the Dictator by his genius for tiuance, und in return he was enabled to amass an enormous fortune for himself out of the proscriptions. His eye for business reached over the whole Roman Empire. He was banker, speculator, contractor, merchant. He lent money to the spendthrift young lords, but with sound security and at usurious interest. He had an army of slaves, but these slaves were not ignorant field-hands ; they were skilled work- men in ail arts and trades, whose labors he turned to profit in building streets and palaces. Thus all that he touched turned to gold. He was the wealthiest single individual in the whole empire, the acknowledged head of the business world of Rome. — Fboudk's C^sah, ch. 9, p. 10. 5973. WEALTH, Hopes oi. Abrahim Lin- coln. A.D. 1860. [Mr. Lincoln visited New York, where he met a former resident of Illi- nois.] " Well, B., how have you fansd since you left Illinois ?" To which B. replied : " I hnvomndo AlOO.tHH), und loNt it nil ; how is it with you, Mr. Lincoln t" " Oh, very well," tudct Mr. liincoln ; " I have the cottage at Sprtng- tleld, and about ifCtlXM) in money. If they make me Vi<'oi'reNideiit with H(!wurd. us somu say tliev will, I hope I sliull be able to incn-UHo it to l(i'i(),(M)(), und that is as much ns any man ouglit to want." — Uav.moni) h Lincoln, ch. ;i, p. KM). 5971. WEALTH, Immoderate. Homana. Tlie historian Olyin|)io^ jjiivc rww vi^or to ho|H-, and Hiig^fstcd more MpiM'ioiiM urtM of (ieccptjon. l*hlloH Nltxly of alclKtiny. — (Jiiidon'h IIomk, <-h. lH, p. 41M. 5977. WEALTH, Ilelatlva. Xnn Yorkri'^. A.i>. 107H. The poor were iclicvrd, and bcKKHPH iiDkiiowii. A lliousand poiitids was opuli'iici' ; the poMscsiHor of half that Hiiiii svan rich. — U.vx- ciioKt'm U. H., eh. 17. Af»7W. WEALTH repadlatsd. ,Miii Wplu the ^old and silver which he Hcallered with a lavish hand from Persia to France- ; his reign was marked by the vici.ssitudcH, or rather by the (;ond)al, of rapaciousness and av- nrii'c, of splendor and poverty ; he lived with (111! reputation of hidden treasures, and becpu^ath- ed to ins successor the i)ayment of Ids ilebto. — <}ni»oN's RoMK, ch. 00, ]). To. 5080. WEALTH, Rural. John Vnntacuzene. [TIk! Gr(!ek politician. | Under the reign of An- droidcus the Younger the great domestic ruled thcempcror and the empire. . . . He does not measure the si/.(^ and muulMtr of bis estates ; l»ut his gramiries were heaped with an inerrdible store of wheat and barley ; and the labor of a thousand yokes <>f oxen might cultivate, accord- ing to the practice of antiiiuity, about sixty-two thou.sand tive hundred acres of arable land. His piustures wen; stocked with 2500 brood mares, 1200 camels, ;{(M) mules, ."iiOO asses, 5000 liorned cattle, 30,000 liogs, and 70,000 sheep— a pre- cious record of rural opulence. — GiuunN's Ii().\iK, ch. «3, p. 18a. 50MI. WEALTH, Scheme of. Pope Boiiifice VIII. [In 1300] proclaimed a i)lenary absolution to all Catlioli'^ who, in the course of that year, and at every aiilar period, should respectfully visit the apostolic churches of St. Peter and St. Paul. The welcoM,i' sound was pr(>i)agated through Christendom ; and at first from the nearest provinces of Italy, and at length from the remote kingdoms of Hungary and Britain, the highways were thronged with a swarm of pilgrims who sought to expiate their sins in a journey, however co.stly or laborious, which was e.xempt from tl»e perils of military service. All exceptions of rank or sex, of age or intirmity, were forgotten in the common transport ; and m the streets and churches many persons were trampled to death by the eagerness of devotion. The calculation of their mimbers could not be easy or accurate ; and they have probably been magnified by a dexterous clergy, well apprised of tiie contagion of example ; yet wrj arc luwuri'd by a Judicious hisiorlan who aMsisted at the cen;- mony that Home was never replenished with less than two hundred thousand sirangers ; aixl anolher spectator has tlxed nl two ndllions thu total coiieoursi' of the year. A Irilling olilatlon from each Individual would aceunndate a royal treasure ; and two |)rlesis stood tdght and day, with rakes in their hands, to collect, without otnmtlng. the heaps of gold and silver (hat were poured on the altar of St. Paul.— ( Jiiuion's Uo.MK, ch. (10, p. 457. 50M)I. WEALTH well Moured. Stilimn. The city of Megara being taken. IhiNoliliers demand- ed leave to plunder the inhabllimts ; but the Atheidansintercedeaiii(inls. Spain, by a very sin<;idur fatality, was the Peru ancf Mexico of the old world. The dis- covery of the rich western continent by the Plurnicians, and the oppressif)n of the sim- ple natives, who ui re compelled to labor in their own mines for the benefit of strangers, form an exact type of the more recent history of Spanisli America, -(Jiiuion'h Ko.mk, cb. 6, p. 1H3. 50M. WEALTH, Wise Uee of. l\trv Cooper. We cite the authority of the Hlertriful Jierieir, which, in paying its triliiite to Mr. Cooper, .says: " It is not for us to dwell upon thespirit of phi- lanthropy and catholicity of the man, to whom it gives the lirsl honors among tlu; Fathers of the Atlantic irablc. That great work was plan- ned and accomplished by Peter Cooper. To him, more than to any of his as.sociat(!.s, is duo (he successful laying of the Atlimtic cable. — LicsTKiiK LiKi'; OK Pktku Coopkk, p. 24. 50«5. WEALTH, Visionary. J)i- Soto in Flor- ida. In Cuba, . , . two Indians brought as cap- tives to Havana invented uch falsehoods as they norceived would bo acceptable. They conver.sed by signs, luid their signs were inter- jm'ted as idlirming that Florida abounded in gold. 'I'lie news spread great contentment ; De Soto and his troops were restless with longing for the hour to lU'rive of their departure to the con- quest of " the richest country which had yet been discovered." — Banckoft's Hist, of U. 8., vol. 1, ch. 2. 50M6. WEAPONS, Needless. The Rebellum. When . . . the Confederate troops first turned out, they were in the hid)it of wearing numerous revolvers and bowie-knives. General Lee is said to have mildly remarked : " Gentlemen, I think yoti will tlnd tm Entield rifle, a bayonet, and sixty rounds of ammunition as much as you caa I'i \vKhi)iN(j— winovviiool). cuiivitnU'ntly mrry In lh« wtiy of nrinit." Tlu-y IuiikIx'iI, iuiiI lliiiii^lit iIii'V kiww iN'ltcr ; Itiit lli<* mIx hIiooIitn itiiit liiiwit' knivcH ((rudiutlly iliwip iHiircil. — rv tiik Wau, |). ;»•.'», A9Nr. WEODINO, A brllllknt. Orimlal. Ti- iiuiiir wIhIii'iI to (lii/./.lc II iiuu'Ii hm to i'iiiii|ui'r. Il<> kiiKW timl the NWiird, to hiiIiJiii^hIi* ihc tncn of tlu< KiiMt, mIiouIiI kIiiI'TuikI Ntriko ul tlicMiiiui' time. Tim inurriuK>' of oii<> of his noun, Ntill u Cllilll, to till' llllll^lllClor Ollrof till' HOVCri'i>;tlN(lf (lie froiilli r of INtnIii iiirniilli'il him to riches tiial tliV n|)oIIn of iliiKlostaii liail ito'iitiiiiliili'd in his tents. A tliroiK^ of jfold, crowns of diainoiids, horiiN full of precious nIoiicn spilled lik(^ water under the feel of the yoUll(; euuple, HVellUeH of censers llial perfumed with musk and alnher^:rlM; the eui'lh <'ar|)eted for miles around, tlie doiiie oi the nuptial lent, I'lirined liy ii llrinaineiil of lapis la/iili, wherein inenisted diamonds repre- Hcnli'd the slars and eonslellittions , Ihecurlains of Ihe lent of woven K"''"'. "><' pineapple which Hurmounled it at the centre, oulside, was cliis- clled in a Mock (tf thio umlicr. — Lamautink'h TiiUKKV, p. :i(W, AOMM. WEDDING, Present for a. Starrs. Anioiii; Ihetioths, Kuixmidians, and I'ViinkH ab- solute power oC lif(! and death was exercised liy the lords ; and when th(>y married their dau;::li- ters a (rain of useful servants, chained on \\w wajijons lo prevent Iheir escape, was Nent as ii iiupli'il present inio a disiaiit country. — (.Jiii- hon'm Komi;, eh. :{H, p. iW,\. 5ftN0. WEDLOCK, Oolden. S/)ar(itii.i. F.ys.in- dcr's poverty haviii;^ eeii discovered after his dealh did ;;reat honor to his memory ; when it waH known thai of all the^^old and riches ^^ hich had passed throiujfh his hands, of a power .so ex- tensive! as his had been, of so many cities under his •rovernmeni, and which made Iheir court to him — in II word, of that kind of dominion and HOvereii;nly always exercised by him, he had made no manner of advaiilap' forthe advance- ment and enriehinir of his liou.se. 8omi ' lys lieforo his dealh Iwoof the iirineipal <'iti/^i .of Hi)arla had conlracted themselves to his two (hiu^hlerH ; but when they knew in what condi- tion lie had left hisalTairs, tliey refu.sed lo marry them. The republic did not sulfer ho sordid a biisiiiiess to ^o unpunislied, nor permit Lysan (h'r'.s ])()vcrty, whicih was Ihc sironirest j)rool of his justice; and virtue, to bo Irealeclas an ob- stacle to an alliance into his family. They were titled in a great sum, publicly disgraced, and exposed to the eoiitcmiit of all persons of honor. For at Si>iirta tluTe were penalties estublished, not only for such as refu.s(!d to inarry, or mar- ried too late, but also for tho.se who married amiss ; and tho.se especially were n^ckoned of this number who, in.steud of forming alliances with virtuous families and with their own rela- tions, had no motive but wealth and lucre in marriage. — Rom.in'h Hist., Book 9, ch. 3, t^4. 5900. WELCOME, A gratefal. Wife of James IT. [The king and (lueeii of England were fugi- tives and self-exiled.] Mary was on the road toward the French court when news came that her husband bad, after a rough voyage, landed safe at the little village of Ambleteu.se. Persons of high rank were instantly despatched from Ver- HullleN to ^revt and cNcort lilni. Mean while IiOiiiii. itlleiided by IiIn family and Ids iiobilily, went forth illNlalf to receive the exiled i|Ueeii. Itefortr his ^orgeoiiN coach went Ihe HwInn lialberdierN. On each Nide of It and behind it riMie Ihe br)dy- guards, with cymbalN claNliing and lriiin|ietN pealing. Afler him, in a hundred carriageN, eacii drawn by h|x horscN, came Ihe most Npleiidid iirlHlocracy of Kurope, all fealhciH, ribboiiN, Jew els, and eiiibroidcry. Hefore Ihe jiroceNsloii hail gone far it was announced that Mary was up- proachliig. LouIn alighted and advanced on fool lo meet tier. Hlie broke forlli Into piiHNlonalir expressions of gratitude. " .Madam," said her IiohI, " it In but a nielancholy service that I am rendering you today. 1 hope Ihat I may Uablir hereafter lo render you services greater and moro nleusing." lie embraced Ihe lillle I'rlnce of Wales, and made the (|ueen seal herself in Ihc royal slate coach on the right hand. The cav- alcade llicii liinied towarrl Saini (Jermain'H. — Mm Ai lay's Knii., ch. 10, p. 551. rtOOI. WELCOME, Public. T" Croniirdl. [Af- ter Ihe subJugMlion of Ireland he reliiriied to London.] On lloiinslow llealli he was met by (li neral Fairfax, many members of I'arliameiit, and olllcers of Ihc army, and niulliliides of llio common |>eople. Coining lo Hyde Park, he was received by Ihe Lord Mayor and Corporation of Ihecily ol London; Ihe great guns were tired olT, and Colonel Harkslead's regiment, whicli w.is drawn up for I hat piirpo, , gave him sev- eral volleys with Iheir small iirms. Thus in a Iriumpliant manner he entered London, amid a crowd ']iii{ueiil speech, returned him Ihe thanks of the Mouse for his great and faithful services in Ireland ; after which the lord-lieutenant gave Iheni a |)arlicular account of the stale and condition of that kingdom. It was while he rode thus in stale through London that Oliver replied to some sycophaiilie person who had ob.scrved. " What a crowd comes out to .see your Lordslii|i.s Irl- uiniili I" " Yes ; but if it were to see me haiig- (m1, how many more would lliere be I " Here is a clear-headed, |)raclical man. — Hood's (Mio.m- WKi.i,, ch. 11, p. 145. AOOil. WIDOWHOOD, Coniolation of. h liuly'H HHKwt'r Iiiih not iNrii pri>- mtvimI ; lull iiM tli<> timrriuK*' iii'vrr toitk pliiri', wi' iiittv pri-Hiinic llmt llic Ki'i'nt ^ir iMiur N*'w- toil liiKi In tlf^urr ill llir ('liiinu'lcr of II rejected lover. Cvri.orKDi \ hk Miuii., p. 'i'ti. a90:i. WIVE abtndontd. I'.nt SMI,;/. Tliat Hlielley, early in IHM, jmd no iiileiilioii of leiiviiiK UIm wife in prolmlile ; tor lit* wait re niarrieil lo her on the 'J(lh of Slureh, . . . Harriet nviin pre^'iiant, and this ratllW ation of the Scotch mar riuKc wiiH no doiilit inlcntlctl to place llic Icf^iii niacy of ti poHNJiile licjr licyoiid all <|iieHlloii. Vet ... in the very inonlli alter this new ccreiiionv Hlutlley foiiii//( ^// miiKP. The form of such a bccpicst has been preserved, and runs tliiis ; "Tliis is the last will t)f Fasio the Acliariiean. I luMpicath my wife, Arcliippc, to Fhormio, witli a fortune of one tal- ■;nt in i't'parrhetus, oik; talent in Attica, a lioiist- worth a hundred niinii', to^^ether with the female slaves, tilt! ornaments of K"hl, and whatever else nuiy be in it."— Tvti-ku'h Hiht., JJook 1, cli. 10, p. 104. 5996. WIFE, Counsels of a. Thcmloni. The [)rudt!nce of [his wife) Theodora is celebrated by the Uoiiian emperor] Justinian lilmscif ;aiid his aw8 are attributed to the .sage counsels of his most reverend wife, whom he hail receivetl as tin; gift of the Deity. Her courage was displayed amitl the tumult of the people and the terrors of the court. Her chastity, from the moment of her iinitm with Justinian, is founded on the silence of her implacable enemies ; and although the daughter of AcaduH might be .satiated with love, yet some appliui.se is due to the firmness of a mind which could (sacrifice pleiv.surc and habit to the stronger Heii.se either of tluty or interest. — GtUHON'H UoMK, ch. 40, p. 55. 5997. WIFE, An energetic. Margaret of An- jou. Henry [VI.] was dragged to the buttle of St. Albau's, when; the party of York gained a complete victory. The king was wounded and taken pri.soner, but treated by the vit^for with great respect and tenderness. He was soon af- ter led in triumjih to London ; and the Duke of York, permitting him sircngtii of the royal army, that their opponents iiiHtaiitly disperHcd, and the duke tied into Irelanil, while his cause was secrellv maintained in Fiigland by (iiiy, Karl of Warwick, a man of great iibillires and of tin; most undaiinled fortitude. \\y degrees the ac- tivity of lliis nobleman collectcil an army sutll- cieiit to laketlie Held. Margaret of Anjoii had ranged her army at Norlhainploii. determined to light herself at Hie head of her troops, while Ihe tiespicable king reniaincd in his lent, awiiil- ing ill great pcrturbalioii the issue of tl n- gagemeiit. The royal armv was overthinwii. anil Henry once more inaile a prisoner, aii(( brought back to London. .Margaret lli'd willi precipilalioii lo Wales, and, her manly spirit never deserting her, employed herself in levying a new army for the rescue of her husband ami the re (■Htalilishment of his aiilliority. — Tyt- i.Kii'M IIiMT., Hook (l.ch. M, 1). '."..M. 599W. WIFE, A generous. Of Wi/li.iin, I'rimr if Onnii/i . ,\Tl the peculiarities of his character lilted liini jMisliop Miirnell lo be Ihe peiure-maker between \V illiani and Mary. Where jicrsons who ought lo esteem and love each olhcr are kept asunder, as often happens, by some cau.se wiiicli three words of frank ex- planation would remove, they arc fortunate if lliey ])ossess an indiscreet friend who blurts out Ihe whole truth. Murnel plainly told the prin- cess what the feeling was wliich preyed upon her husband's mind. She learned for Ihe tirsl lime, svilh no small aslonishment, Ihat when she be- caiut; (^iicen of Fngland William would not share her throne. She warmly declared that then; was no proof of conjugal submission and alTection which she was not ready to give. Bur- net, witli many apologies, and with solemn protestations Ihat no human being had put words into his mouth, informed her that Ihe remedy was in her own hands. She might easily, when the crown devolved on her, induce her I'arlia- inentnol only lo give the regal title to her hus band, but even to transfer to him b}' a legisla- tive act the administration of Ha; government. " But," hcathlcd, "your Koyal Higliness ought to consider well before; you announce any such re.solulion ; for it is a resolution which, having once been announced, cannot safely or easily be retracted." " I want no time for consideration," answered Mary. " It is enough that I have an opi)ortuiiity of showing my regard for the prince. Tell him what I say, and bring him lo me, that he may hear it from my own lips." Burnet went in i)'uesl of William, but William was many miles olT after a slag. It aviis not till tlu! ne.\t day that the decisive interview took place. " I did not know till yesterday," said Mary, " that there was such a dilTerence be- tween the laws of England and the laws of God. But I now promise you that you shall al- 714 WIFlii. I) ■ wiiys hear nilc ; iimJ, in return, I ii.sk only tliis, thiit, as 1 Hhall observe tlie precept which enjoins wives to obey tlieir liu.sbands, you will observe that winch enjoins husbumls to love tiicir wives." Her generous airection completely gained the lii'art of Williiiin. From that tinu^ till the sad day when he was carried lavay in tits from her dying-bed llu^re was entire Iritiidsliip and confidence between Ihein.— Ma('.\i;i,.\y'h Eno., ch. 7, p. l(((i. 5099. "WIFE honored. Mrs. Jurknon. A few weeks after tln^ battle of New Orleans, when her Inisband was in the lirst tlush of his triumph, this plain planter's wife floated down the Missis- sippi to New Orleans tc visit her husband and to accomiianv hini home. She had never .seen a city lasfore, for Nashvill(> at that day was lit- tle I'nore than a village. The elegant ladies of New Orleans wcr(! exceedingly pleased to cb- .servethat General .Jackson, though he was him- ■sclf oneof the most graceful and jioliteof gentle- men, seemed toiailv unconscious of the homely bearing, the country maimers, and awkward dress of his wife. In all companies and on all occasions he showed her every possible mark of respect. The ladies gatheied about her and l)resented her with all sorts of showy knick- knacks and j"welry, and one of them undertook the task of selecting suitable cloth( ,s for her. Slie frankly confessed that she knew nothing about su"h things, and was willing to wear any- thing that the ladies tliouglit proper. Much as she enjoyed her visit, I an. sure she was glad enough to re' urn to her old home on the banks of tl'.e Cunibei'land and resume her oversight of the dairy and i!ie plantation. — Cvci.orKDi.v ok Bro(;., p. .'587. 600©. WIFE, A rebeUious. John Milton s. The girl herself ('Onceived an ecjual reimgnance to the husband she hrd thoughtlessly accepted, prcba'i'y on the strength of his good looks, w'icli Vviis all of Milton that she was capable of appreciating. [Milton permitted her to visit her mother one month after marriage.] M'lry Mil- ton went to Forest Hill in July, l)ut on the un- derstanding that she was to come back at Mi- chaelmas. When the appointed time came she «, p. 473. 4I0O7. WIFE, A winning. Of WUUnm, Prince of Oraiu/e. For a time William was a negligent husband. He was, indeed, drawn away from Ills wiTi! by other women, particularly by one of her ladies, Eli/abeth Villiers, who, though des- titute of personal attractions, and disHgured by a hideou;H ,s(|uint, pos.sessed talents which well fitted li.'r to partake his cares. He wa.>-, indeed, ashamed of his errors, and spared no pains to <:oiice,al them ; bul in spite of all his precautions, Mary well knew that he was not strictly faithful to li(T. Spies and tale-bearers, encouraged by her father, did their best lo intlami" her resent- ment. . . . JSlie, however, bore; her injuries with a meekness and i)atience which dl^served, and gradually obtained, William's esteem and grati- tude. [See No. r)9!)8.] — Macai;lay's Eno., ch. 7, p. 100. 6008. WIFE, Worthy. Culphiirnuu [Pliny writes to his wife's aunt :] " As I remember the great affection which was between you and your e.\cell'!nt brolher, antl know you love his daugh- ter as your own, so as not only to express the tenderness of tlu; best of aunts, bul even to sup- ply that of the best of fathei's, I am sure it will give you jileasiire to hear that she proves worthy of her father, worthy of j'ou, and of your and her ancestors. Her mgenuity is admirable ; her frugality is e.xtraordinar}'. She loves me, the suhjst j)ledge of her virtue ; and adds to this a wonderful disposition to learning, wliichshe has ne(piir(!d from her alfection to me. She reads my writings, studies them, and even gets them by heart. You would smile to see the concern she is in when I have a cau.se to jilead, and the joy she .shows when it is over. She finds means to have the first news brought her of the; success 1 met with in court, how 1 am heard, and what decree is made. If I recite anything in jmblic, .she cannot refrain from placing herself privately in some corner to hear, where, with the utmost delight, she feasts upon my applau.ses ; .some- times she sings my V(^r.ses, and accomiianies them with the lute, without anj' master, except Ihe best of instructors. 6009. WIFE, A wronged. Cdtheriae IT. Seventeen years after her marriage with Peter [HI.} the Empresn Elizabeth died, leaving her Imsband the heir to the throne. It now appeared that the imfortunate Peter, who was then wholly governed by one of his mistresses, had resolved to repudiate his wife as an adulteress, and to place upon the throne the companion of his debauch- cries. Many authors assert that Catherine had b'jen indeed false to her husband ; but upon con- sidering all the facts in the case, I find the prob- abilities tend .strongly toward her exculpation, and the best authorities agree in believing that Peter was the veritable father of (!atherine's children. Aware of the intention of her hus- band, Catherine and her adherents resolved to prevent its execution by .setting aside Peter him- st.t'. [Next to Frederick the Great, Catherine II. l)eaime the most renowned monarch of her time.] — Cyclopedia of Bigg., p. 404. 6010. WINE, Charm of. Gitnh. The Gauls happening to ta.ste of wine, which was then for the first lime brought out of Italy, they so much adnured the li upon pain of death, except in case of sickness. The inhabitants of iSIarseilles and >'''l'tus showed more moderation and indulgcn' ontented Ihcniself with prohibiting it u icn. At Home, in the early ages, youii !ui- - of liber- al condition were not permitit ' to iirink wine till the age of thirty ; bul as forCc .>()nien, the use of it was absohitely forbid to tlnni ; and the rea.son of that jirohibition was, because' intcm- ju'rance of that kind nnght iiidi"!' them to com- nnt the most excessive crimes. Si icc.i complains bitterly that this custom was almost universally violated in his times. The weak and delicate complexion of the women, .says be, is not changed ; but their manners are changed, and no longer the same. They value themselves upon carrying excess of wine to as great an height as the most robust men. Like them, they pass whole nights at table, and with a full glass of unmixed wine in their hands, they glory in vying with them, and, if tliej can, in overcoming them. The Emperor Domitian i)assed an edict in relation to wine, which seemed to have a just foundation. One year having produced abun- dance of wine and very little corn, \w, believed they had more occasion for tla; one; than the other, and therefore decreed that no mon; vines should be planted in Italy ; and that in Ihe prov- inces at lea«l one half of the vines should be rooted up. Philostratus expresses himself as if the decree ordained that they sliouldall be pulled up, at least in Asi.i. — Hom.in's Hist., Book 24, art. 3, ^ 1. 6012. WINE, Deception in. finmud Jolin.soii. We talked of drinking wine. Johnson : " I re- quire wine oidy when I am alone. I have then often wi.shed for it, and often taken it." Spot- TiswooPE : " Wliat, by way of a companion, sir ?" J011N.SON : "To get rid of myself, to .send my.self away. "Wine gives great pleasure; and every pleasure is of it.self a good. It is a good, unless counterbalanced by evil. A man may have a strong reason not to drink wine ; and that may be greater than the pleasure. Wine makes a man better jileased with him.sclf. I do not say that it makes him more plea.sing to others. Some- times it does. But the danger is, that whHe a man grows better plea.sed with himself, he may be growing less pleasing to others. Wine gives a rnan notlung. It neither gives him knowl- edf 3 nor wit ; it only animates a man, and en- ables him to bring out what a dread of the com- pany has repressed." — Boswell's Johnson, p. 391. 71G WINE— WITCH. ill (I I % i 60I 3. WINE defended. Samuel Johnaon. I resolutely ventun-d to iindertiike the defence of coiivivial induljL?ence in wine, though he was not to-night in the moat genial humor. After urg- ing I lie (tommon phuisihle topics, I at last had re- cour.se to the mu.xim, in rino Veritas, a man avIio is well warmed witli wine will speak truth. Johnson : " Why, sir, that may be an nrgu- nu^nt for drinking, if you sui>p()semen in gener- al to he liars. But, .sir, I would not keep com- pany with a fellow who lies as long as he is se- ller, and whom you must make drunk before you ran get ti word of truth out of him." — BoswKi.ii'B Johnson, p. IDO. 601 'I. WINE forbidden. Womfti. Romulus made the drinking of wine, as well as adultery, a capital crime in women. For he said adul- tery opens the door to all sorts of crimes, and winc! opens the door to adultery. The severity of this law was .softened ;n s\icceeding ages ; the women who were overtaken in liquor were n(/l condemned to die, but to lose their dowers. — LAN(iH()KNK'S NOTK IN Pi.UTAUCU'h Nu.MA AND Lvci'IKiUS. «OI5. WISDOM, False in. ArinMlc [He .'MUglil that tile heat of the body cooked thcfood eaten.] The liciuelieil food utedinx up into the licart, wlicre it is converted into blood. Nature, he says, being a good economist, gives the best part of the food to the noblest parts of the body ; as masters eat the liest portions of an animal, the slaves the inferior jmrts, and the dogs the refuse. Since tlu^ interior of tlic body is so liot that food is cooked merely by the natural lieat, he felt it necessary to ex])lain w-hy the body did not get too hot, and consume itself. This would certainly be the ca.se, he says, if we did not continually inhale cool air ! Breathing is the cooling proc- ess ; and air alone, he adds, would answer the piirjiose, because its lightness cnaliles it to pene- trate into many parts of tlie body wliidi water could not enter. — C'vci.opicdi.v ofBiog., p. .')(52. 601 «. WISDOM with Ignorance. Arintotlc. He look things too much for granted. He lie- lieved too easily. Although a writer on anat- omy, for example, it is almost certain that lie never examined t)ic inside of tlie human liody, much less dissected one. Imagine a doctor of the present day giving such an account of the liver as the following : "Tlie liver is compact and smooth, shining and sweet, thougli .some- what liilter ; and the reason is, tliatthe thoughts falling on it from tlie intellect, as on a mirror, might terrify it 1»3' emi)loying a bitterness akin to its nature ; and threateningly mingle tliis bit- terness with the whole liver, so as to give it tlic lilack color of bile ; or, when images of a differ- ent kind are reflected sweetening its bitterness and giving place to that part of the soul wliicii lies near the liver, making it rest at niglit, with the power of divination, in dreams. Although the liver was constructed for divination, it is only during life that its predictions are clear ; after death its oracles become obscure, for it becomes blind. "- C v , loi'edia of Biog. , p. 560. 6017. WISDOM, Occasionti. Samuel Johnson. Of Dr. Goldsmitli lie said : " No man was more foolish when he had not a pen in his liand, or more wi.se when he liad." — Boswell's John- son, p. 438. 60IS. WISDOM, Practical. Sofraten. After liaving found, by liis own experience, how dilh- ctdt, iilistru.se, and intricate, and, at the .same time, of how little u.se that kind of learning was to the generality of mankind, he was the llrst, as (Mcero remarks, who conceived the thought of bringing down i)hilosopliy from heav- en, to place it in cities, and introduce it into private houses ; humanizing it, if I may u.se that expression, and rendering it more familiar, more useful in common life, more within the reach of man's cajiacity, and aiijilying it solelj^ to what might make them more rational, just, and virtu- ous. He thought it was a sort of folly to de- vote the whole vivacity of his mind and emiiloy all his time in in((uiries merely curious and involved in impen(^lrable darkness, and absolute- ly incapable of contributing to the ha])])inesa of mankind, ^vllile he neglected to inform him.self in the ordinary duties of life, and to learn what is coiiformalile or opposite to iiiely, justice, and probity ; in what forlitud(!, temperance, and wisdom consist ; what is the end of all govern- ment, what the rules of it, and what qualities are necessary for c:oninianding and ruling well. — Rom.in's'Hist. , Book i), cli. 4, ^ 1. 6010. WISDOM ridicttled. Kunotlnn Expedi- tio)t (if AdpoliDK . The scientific men, ov xardiiK, as they were called, had been supplied with asses to transiiort their persons ancl jihilo.soiih- ical apparatus. As soon as tlie body of ^Iiime lukes was seen in tlie distance the order was given, with military precision, " Fan/i nqiittre, fKintiiH (iiid (iKxcn in t'lic centre." . . . The .soldiers amused them.selves in calling the asses denii-mnin.t. [On the march to Cairo.] — Aii- iKirr's Natou'-on B. , vol. 1, cli. 11. 6020. WISDOM, Source of. Folhi. [It was a .saying of Cato] that wise men learn more from fools than fools from the wise; for tlie wise avoid the error of fools, while fools do not jtrof- it by tlie examiilcs of the wise — Pi.i'taiuh's Cato tiik Censoii. 602 1 . WISHES, Kind . ' ' Better ]. ueh: ' ' [ W hen the fallen Emperor Napoleon arrived at Elba, the place of his exile] . . . the boatswain, in behidf of his sliipmates, cap in hand, returned thanks, wishing "his honor long life and liet- ter luck iie.rt time." — Ajuuitt's Napoi.icon B., vol. 2, ch. 2;i 6022. WISHES, Euinous. Coretoti.wes.'i. In solium Oriental tale I have read the fable of a sliei)her(i who was ruined by tlie accomplish- ment of his own wishes : he had prayed for wa- ter ; the Ganges was turned into his grounds, and his Hock and cottage were swe])t away by the inundation. — Gibkon's Rome, ch. 58, p. 567. 6023. WITCH, A suspected. At Lnhreidor. In May, 1577, ("aptain Frobisher and his men, having first gone in .solemn procession to church and partaken of tlie communion, .set sail, and soon reached the s(;ene of tlieir first explora- tions. Icebergs '"overed the sea, and continual- ly threatened the vessel with destruction, and they \/ere saved only by the light of the endless northern day. Inhabitants were discovered on the shore. One of these, " a man of large cor- porature and good proportion," they seized and carried off. Another, an ill-favored old woman, they took for a devil or a witch, and actually WITCHCIIAFT— WIT. 717 fiulh.'d ofT llie skins tliat covered lierfcef, to sen f (licy were not cloven. — Oclopkuiaof Hiod., p. i]()8. ttOai. WITCHCEAFT, Alleged. Salem. Tlio darkest pa^re in the liistory of New England is that wliieh bears the record of the Salem Avitch(!raft. The same town whieh, fifty-seven years previously, cast out Uoger Williams, was now to hecome'tlie scene of tlu' most fatal de- lusion of modern times. In February of ]6))2, in the same part of Salem, afterward called Danvers, a daughter and a niece of Samuel Par- ris, tlu; minister, were attacked with a nervous disorder, which rendered them partially insane. Parris believed, or alTected to believe, that the two girls were bewitched, and that Tituba, an Indian maid-servant of the household, was the author of the affection. He bad swn her per- forming .some of the rude ceremonies of her own religion, and this gave color to his suspicions. He tied Tituba, and whipped the ignorant creat- ure, until, at his own dictation, she confessed lierself a witch. Here, no doubt, the matter would have ended had not oilier causes exist(;d for the continuance and spread of tlu; miserable delu.sion. — liioi-ATii's U. S., eh. Ki, p. IHO. 602.5. WITCHCRAFT, 'Epidemic. Salem. In the hope of saving their lives, some of the terri- fied prisoners now began to confess themselves witches or bewitc:hed. It was soon fovmd that a confession was almost certain to procure libera- tion. It became! evident that the accused were to be put to death, not for l)eing witches or wizards, but for denying the reality of witch- craft. The s])ecial court was already in session ; convictions followed fast ; the gallows stood waiting for its victims. The truth of Mather's preaching was to be established by hanging whoever denied it ; and Parris was to save his pastorate by nun-dering his rival. When the nol)le IJorroughs mounted the scaffold he stood compo,sedly, and repeated correctly tlie test-pray- er, which it was said lu) wizard could utter. Tlu; people broke into .sobs and moans, and would have rescued th(;ir fri(;nd from death, but the ty- rant .Mather dashed anu)ng them on horseback, fuutlering imprecations, and drove the hangman to his horrid work. Old Giles Cory, seeing that convi(;tion \\ ■< certain, refused to plead, and wa.'t 'prexxiil to (hi. li. Five women were hanged in one day. Between tho 10th of ,lune aiul 22d of September twenty victims were hurried to their doom. Fifty-five others jad been tortured into the confession of abominable falsehoods. A 'lundred and fifty lay in prison awaiting their lie. Two huiuired were accused or suspected, ..lulruin seemed to impend over New Englatui. IJut a reaction at last set in among the people. — HiDi'.M'ii's U. S., (;h. Hi, p. 15!.'. 6026. WITCHCEAFT, Malice in. Salem. Parris had had a cjuarrel in his church. A part of the congregation desired that George Hur- roughs, a former minister, should be reinstated, to the exclusion of Parris. Burroughs still lived at Salem, and there was great animosity between the partisans of the former and the present i)as- tor. Burroughs disbelieved in witchcraft, and oi)enly expressed his contempt for tlu; system, llere, then, Parris found an opportunity to turn the confession of the foolish Indian servant against his enemies, to overwhelm his rival with the sui)orstitions of tlu; community, and perhai« to have him put to death. 'I'iu'n; is no doubt whatever that the whole nuirderous .scheme originated in the i)ersonal malice of Parris. There were others ready (o aid him, esp(;cially the celebrated Cotton Mather, mini.sterof Boston. . . . To these nu'n . . ., nuist be charged tiie full infamy of what followed. — Itini'A'rii'w U. S., eh. 10, p. mi. 60ar. WITCHCEAFT punished. K n ;i I a n d, 1710. Mrs. Hicks and her daughter, aged nine years, were hanged at Huntingdon " for selling their souls to the devil ; tormenting and ('estroy- ing their lu'ighbors, by making them vomit pins ; raising a storm, so that a shiji was almost lost, by jMilling off her stockings, and making a lather soap." — Kniuut's E.no., vol. .'>, eh. 27, p. 480. 602S. . Salem. By the laws of England witchcraft was ])unishable witli death. The code of Mas.saehusetts was the .same as that of tlu^ mother-couiUry. . . . On th(;2Istof .March [l(i})2] the horrible i)r()ceedings began. ]\Iary Cory was arrested, not indeed for being a witch, but for denying the reality of witchcraft. When brought before the church aiul court, slu; denied all guilt, but was convicted and hurried to pris- on. Sarah (,'loyce and Bcliccca Nurse, two sisters, of the nu)st exemplary lives, were next appr(;hended as witches. Tiu; only witnesses against them were Tituba, her half-wilted Iiulian husband, and the simph; girl Abigail Williams, tke niece of Parris. The victims were sent to prison protesii.ig their iinu)cen(>e. Giles Cory, a patriarch of eiglity j'cars, was next seized ; ho also was one of those who had opi)osed Parris. The liulian accu.ser fell down befon; Edward Bishoji, preteiuling to be in a tit under Sataiuc intluence ; the sturdy farnu'r cured him in- stantly with a soinul flogging, and said that he could restore the rest of the afflict ed in the same maimer. He and his wife were immedi- at(;ly arrested and coiidemned. (jJeorge Bur- roughs, the rival of Parris, was accused and hur- ried to prison. And so the work went on until seventy-five innocent ])e()|)le were locked up in dungeons. Not a solitnry partisan of Parris or Mather had been arrested. — Kidi'atu's U. S., ch. 10, p. ini. 6020. WIT, Dangerous. Claudia n the Poet. Claudian was exjxised to the enmity of a i)ower- ful and unforgiving courtier, whom he had jiro- voked by the insolence of wit. He had com- pared, ill a lively epigram, the opposite charac- ters of two Pra'torian prefects of Itah' ; he con- trasts the innocent reiio.se of a ])liil<)sopher, who sometimes resigned tlu; hours of business to slumber, perhaps to study, with the interesting diligence of a rapacious minister, indefatigalile in ilie pursuit of unjust or sacrilegious gain. "How happy," continues Claudian — "how liai)]n' uiight it be for tlu; people :f Italy, if ^lallius could be constantly awake, and if Ha- drian would always sleep !" . . . Consulting the dictates of prudence rather than of honor, head- dressed, in the form of an ejiistle, a .suppliant and humble recantation to the offended praefect. — Giuhon's Home, ch. ;il, p. 287. 6030. WIT, Quick. Woman's. The king [('has I.] was hard pressed by soldiers in pursuit of him, and they sought for him all over ihe house. 718 WITNESSES— WOMAN. If und ill tlic kitchen, loo ; but here the j;iii in tlie Ititciien liiu'W him, for indeed he was tliere ; and as they eutenul lie loolied witli trepidation round liiiii, perliaps ;:;ivinj^ u|)all for lost now ; but the cook hit him a smart rap with the basting ladle, exclaiminjj, " Now, then, jjo on with thy work ; what art thou lookinu; about for '!" And the niano'uvrc! wa.setT(!etual, and the soldiers started on another track. — IIood'h Oiiomwhi,!,, ch. i;J, p. 173. 60;il. WITNESSES, Abuse of. C/u\f JuMlce Jeffreys. One witness named Dunne, partly from concern for Lady Alice, and partly from fright at the threats and maledictions of the chief-jus- tice, entirely lost his ln'ad, and at last stood silent. " Oh, how hard the truth is," said .Jelfreys, " to come out of a lying Presbyterian knave !" The witness, aftis to the Church. But in the seven- teenth century the existence of this female pon- tiir became the subject of a keen and learned con- troversy between tlie Protestants and the Catho- lics, the former supporting tlu; trutii of the fact, and the latter endeavoring to invalidate the (!vi- dence on which it rests. Alosheim, a very learntMl and acute writer, steers a middle cour.se ; and though he is disposed to doubt the many absurd and ridiculous circumstances with wliich the story has been embellished, for the ])urpo.se of throwing ridicule on the lu^ad of the Konnsh church, yet is inclined to think that it is not wholly without foundation. Gibbon treats the story lus a mere fable. — Tytleks Hist., Book 6, ch. 4, p. 94. 6040. WOMAN, Ambitious. Princess Soph lit. The czar Ale.xis Alichaelowitz, who tirst intro- duced a regular system of laws among the Rus- sians, pavecl the way for that civilization which his son Peter afterward accomplished. Ale.xis left three sons, Phiedor, Ivan, and Peter [the Great], and a daughter Sophia. Phtedor succeed- ed his father, but died young in the year 1682, leaving the crown to his youngest brother, Peter, tlien oidy two years of age, \i\ exclusion of the elder Ivan, a man of no capacity ; but the Prin- cess Sophia had that capacity which her brother wanted. She committed some dreadful excesses to obtain the government of the empire, and car- ried the point so as to cause herself to be a.s.so- ciated with her brothers in the regency ; but this did not satisfy her. She aimed at an exclusive possession of the sovereignty, and for that pur- pose formed a conspiracy against the life of Peter, which terminated in her own ruin. The young Peter .as.sembled some troops, severely punished the conspirators, confined Sophia in a monastery, and leaving only an cnijjty title to his brother Ivan, made himself master of the empire in the year 1089. — Tytlku's Hist., Book 6, ch. 85, p. 474. OOJ I . WOMAN, Avaricious. Wife of James IT. SThe rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth filled effreys' courts with victims.] It could [not] be shown that, in the season of her [Clary's] great- ness, she saved, or even tried to save, one single victim from the mo.st frightful proscription tliat England has ever seen. Unhappily, the only re- quest that siie is known to have preferred touch- ing the rebels was that a hundred of those who were sentenced to transportation might be given to her. The profit which she cleared on the car- go, after making large allowance for those who died of hung(!r and fever during tlie pa.s.sage, can- not be estimated at less than a thousand guineas. We cannot wonder that her attendants should have imitated her unprincely greediness and her unwomanly cruelty. — Mac.\1'i,.\y's Eno., ch. o. p. 606. 6042. WOMAN, Bravery of. Jane deMontfort. The defence of the castle of llennebon by .Jane (leMontfort, duriHgthecaiHivity of her husband, is one of the most interesting episodes of the wars in which England was engaged. The his- torian and the artist have delighted to exhibit the heroic duchess, . . . with "the courage of a nuui and the heart of a lion," .showing to th(! i)eople of Kennes her infant boy, and .sayin;j, " See here my little son, who shall be the n.'storer of his fa- ther ;". . . at the last extremity looking down along the .sea, out of a window in the castle, and crying aloud, snnling for great joy, " 1 see the succorsof England conung !" — Kmout's K.Nci., vol. 1, ch. 29, p. 45,-). 6043. . WifeofWilliaw Purffoi/. [In 1042, at the beginning of the civil war. the wife of William Ptn-efoy, a member of the House of Conmions, defended her hous(^ against Prince Bupertand four himdred Cavaliers.] The little garri.son consisted of the brave lady and her two daughters, her son-in-law, eight male servants, and a few females. They had twelve nuiskets, which the women loaded as Hk; men dis(;harged them from the windows. The out- buildings were set on fire, and the luiuse would have been burnt, had not the lady gone forth and claimed the protection of the Cavaliers. [Prince] Rupert respected her courage, and would not sutler her property to be plundered. Slier home was in the north of Warwickshire, ler husband was absent.] — Knioht's Eno,, vol, 4, ch, 1, p. 1. 60I4. WOMAN, Charity of. La'ta. '[During the invasion of the Barbarians Rome] gradually experienced the distress of scarcity, and at length the horrid calamities of famine. The daily al- lowance of thrie [lounds of bread was reduced to one half, to one third, to nothing ; and the price of corn still continued to rise in a rapid and extravagant jiroportion. The poorer citi- zens, who were unable to purcha.se the neccBsa- ries of life, solicited the ])recari<)uscliarity of the rich ; and for a while the jiublic misery was al- leviated by the humanity of L;eta, the widow of the Emperor Gratian, who had fixed her residence at Rome, iuid consecrated to the u.se of the indi- gent the jirincel}' revenue which she annually re ceived from the grateful successors of her hus- band. — Giniio.N's Ro.Mio, ch. 31, p. 209. 60i)litaii ministry, dread- injf to ofTeiid the French Directory, rclused the supplies which he recpiircd before lie apiin start- ed in pursuit of the tleet [of Bonaparte], Sir William Hamilton was[En!jlish] minister at Na- l)les ; his wife was the favorite with the Queen of -Na])les, and one of the most attractive of the Indies of that luxurious court. Nelson had sli^jht actiuaintance with Ijady Hamilton, and u])()n his repre.sentations of the urjj;ent necessity for vic- tu.allinj^ his tleet, secret instructions were jfiven that he should be su]iplied with all that lie re- fpiireil. [Nelson afterward ur^jfcd her claims upon the national /Lfratilude, because the success of his biilliant action of the Nile was owini? to her, as he must otherwise have i^one to (Jibrallar to retit, and tlie enemy would have escaped.] — Knioht's Exa., vol. 6, ch. 20, p. 35.'"). 60.|§. "VrOMAN, Cruelty of. Pan/satis. [She was the mother of the murdered Cyrus. A Cariaii soldier l)()asted that he had killed Cyrus.] Animated by a barbarous s])irit of veniieancc, she commanded tlir executioners to take that unfor- tunate wretch, and to make him suffer the m( st exquisite tortures during ten days ; then after they had torn out his eyes, to jiour melted bras* into his ears, till he expirecl in that cruel agony ; which was accordingly executed, [^[essabates, the eunuch, had, by the king'.s order, cut olT tlie liand and head of Cyrus.] Assoon as she got him into her hands, before the king could liav^e the least suspicion of the reveng(' she meditated, she delivered him to the executioners, and command- ed tliem to tlay him alive, to lay him afterward upon three cross-bars, anil to stretch his skin, be- fore his eyes upon stakes prepared for that jmr- pose ; which was performed accordingly. — Koi,- lin's Hist., Book 9, ch. 2, § 7. 6010. WOMAN a Custodian. Of .Win. [When Fabius Maximus commanded the Roman army against Hannibal.] One day hisolttcers informell liim that one of his courtiers . . . often cpiitted his post, and rambled out of the camp. Upim this report, he asked what kind of a man he was in other respects ; and they all declared it was not easy to find so good a soldier, doing him the justice to mention several extraordinary instances of his valor. On inipiiring into the cause of this irregularity, he found that the man was passionately in love, and that, for the saka of .seeing a young woman, hv venturcul out of thecanii), and tooka long and dangerous journey every night. Hereupon P'abius gave orders to some of his men to tind out the woman, and convey her into his own tent, but took care that the Lucanian should not know it. Then he sent for him, and taking him aside, s|)oke to him lus follows : " 1 very well know that you liave lain many nights out of the camp, in breach of the Roman discipline and laws ; at the same lime, I am not ignorant of your past services. In con- sideration of them, 1 forgive your present crime ; but for the future I will give you in charge to a person who shall be; answerable foV you." While the soldier stood much amazed, I'abius produced the woman, and jmtting her in his liands, thus expressed himself: "This is the person who engages for you that you will re- main in camp ; and now we shall see whether there was not some traitorous design which drew you out, and which you made the love of this woman a cloak for." — Plutahcii's Faiiius Maximus. 6050. WOMAN, Dangerous. Cleopatra. He cited Cleopatra before him, to answer for the conduct of her governors, and sent one of his lieutenants to oblig'.; her to come to him in (Mli- cia, whither he waii going to assemble the States of that i)roviiice. That step was, from its conse- quencres, very fatal to Antony, and completed his ruin. His love for Cli.'Oi)atra having awakened passions in him til! tlivn concealed or a.sleep, in- ilamed them even to madness, and finally dead- ened and extinguislied the few sparks ot honor and virtue which he might perhaps still retain. Cleopatra, assured of her charms by the jiroof she had already .so suc(H'ssfully made of them upon Julius Ca'sar, was in hopes that she could also very easily captivate Antony. . . . Never was ('(piipage more sjilendid and magniticent than hers. The .stern of her ship flamed with gold, the .sails were purple, and the oars inlaid with silver. A jjavilion of cloth of gold was raised upon the deck, under which api)earedthe queen, robed like Venus, and surrounded with tlie most beautiful virgins of luir court, of whom some represcjnted the Nereides, and others the Graces. Instead of trumpets were heard flutes, i hautboys, harps, and other such instruments of music, "warbling the softest airs, to which the oars kept time, and rendered the harmony more agreeable. Perfumes were burning on the deck, wliich spread their odors to a great distance upon the river. — Rollin's Hist., Book 24, 0051. WOMAN, Device of. Ariadne. Andro- gens being treacherously slain in Attica, a very fatal war was carried on against that country by Minos, and divine vengeance laid it waste ; for it was visited by famine and pestilence, and want of water increa.sed their misery. The remedy that Apollo proposed was, that they should appease Minos, and l)e reconciled to him, wli(!reu])on the wrath of Heaven would cease, and their calamities come to a period. In conse- quence of this, they sent ambassadors with tlunr submission, and . . . (engaged themselves by treaty to send every ninth year a tribute of seven young men and as many virgins. When these were brought into Crete, the fabulous account mm WOMAN. TZl Informs us tlmt they were destroyed by tlw; Minotmir in tlu; Liibyrintli, or tlmt, lost in its iniizeH, iiiid iiiiiiblo to find the way out, they perished tiiere. The Miiiotiiur was, I'ls Euripides tells us, A mingled form, i)rodl;^iou8 to behold, Hiilf bull, Imlf limn I When the time of tli(( third tribute! came, . . . Theseus, who, to express his re;;!ird for justice?, and take his share in the common fortune, vol- untarily olfered himscilf as one of the seven, without lot. [The conditions on wlii('h the tribute would bt; remitted were these :J Tlmt the Athenians should furnish a vcs.sel, and theyounif men embark and .sail alonif with him, but carry no arms ; and that if they <'ould kill the Mino- taur, then; should be an end of the tribute. There appearinj; no hopes of safety for IIk; youths in the two former tributes, they sent out a ship with a black sail, as carrying them to cer- tain ruin. Hut when Theseus encouraj^erd his father by his conlidence of success aj^aiiist the; Minotaur he f^ave another sail, ii white one, to the ])ilot. orderiiif^ him, if he broiiLtht Theseus safe ba(;k, to hoist the white ; but if not to sail with the black one in token of his misfortune. . . . When he arrivetd in Crete, accordin;^ to mo.st liistorians and 'ptxits, Ariachu!, falling in love with him, gave him a clew of thread, and instructed him how to pass with it through tlu; intri(,'aeies of the labyrinth. Thus assisted, Ik; killed the Minotaur, and then set sail, carrying off Ariadiui, together with the young men. — PlyUT.VIlCU's O.vius Mmumi's. 0052. WOMAN, Dominion of. Janu-D If. [His favorite; mistress was Sarah Jennings.] Among the gallants who sued for her favdr, Churchill [afterward Duke of Marlborough], young, hand- some, graceful, insinuating, eloepient, and brave, obtained the preference. He must have been enamored indeeid ; for he had little jiroperty, ex- cept the annuity which lie had bought with the infamous wages bestowed on him b}* the IJuchess of Cleveland ; he was in.satial)le of riches ; Sarali was poor ; and a plain girl with a large fortune was proi)osed to him. His love, after a struggle, pri'vailed over his avarice ; marriage; only strengtheneel his |)assie)n ; aiiel to the last hour of his life Sarah enje)ye'el tiie pleasure anel elistinctie)n of be'ing the e)ne human being wlie) was able te) misleael that far-sighteel anel sure- footeei juelgment, who was fervently loveel by that cole! he;art, anel wIk) was servilely feareii liy that intre'pid spirit. [Se'c No. 6077.J — Macau- lay's Exei., ch. 7, p. 287. 605». WOMAN, Energetic. WaKhinrjton's Mother. He was brought up in a very barely, sen.sible manner, e)n an enornu)us farm, ne)t a fourth part of whicli was cultivated. His father dying when he was e'leven years olel, he came directly under the intiuencc of his mother, who was one of the we)men of whom people say, " There is ne) nonsense abetut her." She was a phun, illiterate, energetic, strong-willcel laelj', perfectly capable e)f conducting the alfairs of a farm, anel .scorning the help of others. — Cyclo- pedia OF Bigg., p. 11. 0054. WOMAN, Executive. Motlier of Wash- ington. To the pressing entreaties of her son of her old age, the matron replied : " I thank you for ye)ur atTee'tie)iiate', elutiful e)(T('rs, but my wants are? fe-w in this we)rlel, anel I IVcl perlVe'tly e'e)mpe'te'nt te) take e'areM)f myse'if. " Lpein her sem-in law, Cole)iiel Eie'liling- Le-wis, pre)pe)sing that he she)ulei relieve her in the' elire'ctiem e)f her [farm] alTairs, she e>bserve'el ; " I)e)yeiu, Fie'lel- uig, keep my l)e)oks in e)nle'r, feir yenir e'ye'sight is better than niiiu!, but le'ave' the exeemtive management te) ine." — Cisris' Wasiiinoton, ve>l. 1, e'h. 1. 0055. WOMAN, Extraordinary. '/Aunhia. [Ze - ne)bia was the! ce'le!biate'el C^ue'e'ii e)! I'almyra anel the East.) Meiele-rn Euie)|)e' has preieluce'el several illustrie)us wejiiu-ii wlu) have' sustaiiu'el with glory the we'ight e)f empire ; iie)ris e)ure)wn age! elejstitute e)f sneli elistinguisluMl e'haraclcrs. But if we exe'e'pt the' elejublfui ae'liie've'iiie'iits e)f Semiraniis, Zeiie)l)ia is perhaps tlw emly IViiiale whe)se sin)e'rie)r ge'iiins bre)ke! through the' seTvile inelolene^e iini)e)se'el e)n he'r .se'X by the' elimate' iiiiil manne'i-s e)f Asia. She' e'laiiiu'el he>r eh'se'e'iit fieiin the Mae'celonian kings e)f Egypt, e'ejualle'd in beauty her ane'e'ste)r ( 'h'opatra, anel far surjiasse'el that priiie'e!.ss ine'hastity anel valeir. Zi'iieihia was estee'incel the! most Ie)ve'l3' as we'll as tlic iiieist here)ic e)f her sex. She' was oi a el;irk ce)in- plexie)n. Heir te'e'th were e)f a jie'arly while'iiess, anel her large blae'k e'yes sparkle'el wilii uiie'om- me)ii tire', te-mpe're'el by the! ine)st atlrae'tive' swe'e't- iie'.sa. lle!r voie'e was slremg anel lianiionieiiis. Her manly unele'rstaneiing was strengthe'iie'el aiiei aelejriie'el by stueiy. She' was iieit ignorant of the Latin te)ngue', but ])osse'sse'el in e'e(Ual pe'rice'tie)n tlu! Gre'ck, the Syriae', and the' Egyptian lan- guages. She' liael elriiwn up I'or lieT own use- an epite)ince)f Oriental history, anel fMiiiiiiariy ee)m- pare'el the be'autie's e)f HeiiiU'r einel Plato uiieler the tuition e)f the sublinie Lonuiniis. — (JiiiitoN, ch. 11, p. :5r)(). 0050. WOMAN, A ferocious. Hind. [After one e)f Mahemu't's b.'itlh's. | The' fere)cie)us he're)- iiie, Hinel, .seaight the lie)ely e)f llam/.a, the' mur- elerer of her fatlu'r, wliei was slain in turn by the arre)w of the! negre) slave AValichi. She elis- ce)vers it, rushes uiion the e'iire'ass, lays f)pen the' siele' with a sabre' blow, iijue'ks e)ul the heart, anel tears it with Iwr te'etli. Tlu'ii, taking fremi her e)wn iH'e'k and arms the brae'e'k'ts anel ne'ckiaces that adonieel tlu'in, she' gi-tcs tlu'in te) the' l)lae'k slave, and substitute's thci.i with a nee'klaee anel brae'clets inaele e)f the e'ars e)f the eleael enemy. — LaMAKTINK'S TlUKKV, p. lUi. 0057. WOMAN, Firmness of. Theodorn. [A rel)ellie)ii bre)ke e)ut in Ce)nstantiiH)iile, anel the Emperor] .Justinian was le)st if [his wif,'] the pre)stitute whe)m he raise'el fre)m the theatre' liael ne)t renounceel the tiniielity as well as the' virtues e)f her sex. In the luidsi e)f a ce)uncil, where Heli.sariuswas pre'senl, Tlieoele)ra alone elisplayed the spirit of a hero ;.:ind she alone, without ap- pre'hending his future hatred, coulel save the eiiii)eror fre)m the i.nniinent danger and his un- we)rthy fears. "If flight," said the con.sort of Justinian, "were the only means of .safety, yet I ,she)ulel elisdain to l1y. Death is the ce)nelition of our birth ; but they who have reigned she)uld never survive the loss of dignity and dominion. I implore Heaven that I may never be seen, not a day, without my eliadem and purples; that I that she would make Mount Vernon the home I may no longer behe)lel the light wlien I cease to 722 WOMAN. (I !l I ho Hnlutnd with Mir name of rpioon. If you w- s (lesire of life shouhl expose you lo wretched exile and iKiioininiouH (hatli. For my own ]>art, I adhere to the maxim of anli(iuily, that the throne is a Kh>rious Kepulehre." The llrmne.Hs of a woman restored the couraije to (leliherat(! and act, and couraK*' Moon discovers the re- *iourci'.s of tilt! most des|)erato Hituation. — Oiii- itoNH lloMK, ch. 10, J). (i;t. 605N. WOMAN forgotten. JA/vi. Sum ml AilaniH. Samuel Adams tnarried younj;;, and while he devoted himself to politics, it was chicfHy the industry and economy of his wifo that supi)ort«Ml the family. And yet this j^ood nnd true wife, to whom not merely her hushand, hut the comnuinitv, su,o(I Ki'<'"illy indehted, ha.s attracted so lillle \\w. notice of hioi^raphers, that we are unahli^ to ujive even her name. — " S.\m- i 1,1, Ad.vmh," AMiiiiK vn Cvci.oriODtA. 50. WOMAN, The greatest. Sitjiohon T. .Miidamode HtaCl challen|(ed me, in themidstof a numerous ('ircle, to tell her who was tlu; j?n>ate.st woman in the world. I looked at her and coldly replied, " She, madame, who has l)ora(! the prealest numhcr of children."— Ai»- bott'h Nai'oi.ico.n M., vol. 1, ch. !{.*). 0060. WOMAN, Helpful. Imbvlln. The idea of reachinj^ tlu! Indies liy cro.ssing the Atlantic had already posses.sed hiin [Columhus|. For more than ten years the jioor enthusiast was a hejj- gar, goinj^ from court to court, cxplaininji; todull monarchs and higoted monks the figure of tlw; earth and the ea.se with which the rich island of the East might he reached hy sailing westward. He found one appreciative lisleiu'r, afterward his constant and faithful friend, the nohh! and sympathetic Isahella, Queen of Castile. He it never forgotten that to tlic! faith and insight and decision of a woman the final success of ('o- lumbus must be attributed. — Kidpath's U. S,, ch. 3, p. 55. 6061. WOMAN honored. Tomb. The Taj . . . [in India], said to he the most beautiful building in the world, . . . was built .'is a tomb by the emperor Shah Jehar . . . for his wife, whom he loved with an idolatrous affection. He had promised her on her death-bed to erect to her memory such a mausoleum as the world had never before seen. He kept his word. . . . It cost, it is stated, exclu.sivc of labor, $15,- 000,000. To-day, with paid labor, it would cost $50,000,000. In this country [America] it could not have been built for jirobably twice this sum. — General Grant's Tkavki.s, p. 300. 6062. WOMAN, An indiscreet. Frances Jen- ninijH. Frances had been distinguished by beauty and levity even among the crowd of beautiful faces and light characters which adorned and disgraced Whitehall during the wild carnival of the Restoration. On one occa- sion Frances dr&ssed herself like an orange girl, and cried fruit about the streets. Sober peojile predicted that a girl of so little discretion and delicacy would not easily find a hushand. [She was, however, twice married, and was now the wife of Tyrconnel. She was the sister of Sarali, tlic favorite mistress of James II.] — Macau- i.AY's Eng., ch. 3, p. 230. 606:i. WOMAN, Infamous. Lady ('nMlfvmine. Lord CastlemaiiK! . . , was, indeed, well ac- (luainted with Uome, and was, for a lavman, deeply read in thcdlngical controversy. Hut ho had none of the address which his post re(|uired [as English ininister|, and even had he been a di|iloniatist of the great<'st abilitv, there wiw a circumstance which would have drs(|ualit1ed hiui for tlu! jiarticidar mission on which he had been sc'ut. ll(! was known all over Eurojie a.s the hushand of the most shameless of women, and 1 he was known in no other way. — Macaui.ay'h En(i., ch, 7, ]). 215, 6061. , }f(mtlinit. Mes.salina, also, th(! vicious and abandoned wife of Claudi- us, urged him on to various acts of injustice and<;rueltv. 'I'his woman was infamous for all manner of vices. Her debaucheries, which were (|uite notorious in Kome, exceed all belief ; Imt, what is the most sur|)rising part of her character, she had the address to |iass with Claudius as a paragon of virtue. She at length, however, proceeded to that height of elTidiitery, that dur- ing a short absence of Claudius she publicly married Caius Siliiis, and ujion the emjieror's re- turn made him, hy way of jest, to sign the mar- riage contract. Narci.ssus, his freedman, soon made him .sensible that tlu! matter was loo.seriou.i, by informing him that the jx'oiileno longer look- ed upon him as emjieror. llterly unabledo act for himself, he now entreated that Is'ar ' (sua would take any steps Ik; judged best for h.-, in- terest, and his favoril(!, thus invested with au- thority, imnu'diat(!ly .secured the I'rietorian guards, and caused Messalina and Silius, her gallant, to he jiut to death. — Tvti.eu'h Hist., Hook 5, ch. 1, p. 480. 6065. . Cleopiilvd. Whata mon.stcr was this princess ! Tlu; mo.st odious of vices were united in her jier.son ; an avowed disregard of modesty, breach of faith, injustice, cruelty, and, what (Towns all tlu^ rest, the false exIiTiorof a deceitful friendship, which covers alixed design of delivering up to his enemy the jx'rson she loads with the most tender cares.ses and with marks of the warmest and most sincere attach- ment. Such are the elTects of ambition, which was her predominant vice. — lioi.MN's Hist., l}ook 24, t^ 3. 6066. . ('i(thi(vii)e do' Medici. Catharine, Hnding herself in direct collision with the admiral [Coligny], whose paramoimt credit with the king threatened her with a total lo.sa of jiower, finally resolved on his destruction. No doubt the idea of this crime had often been sug- gested to her mind before ; it had now become a neces.sity ; and she executed it with a cool deter- mination, combined with jNIachiavelian subtlety, which will transmit hernanuifo posterity brand- ed witli ]H!Culiar and indelible infamy. I ler chief confidants were her .son, the Duke of Anjou (af- terward Henry III.), the Duke of Guise, the Mar- shal de Tavannes, the Count de Uetz, and the I)id?e of Xevcrs. It was arranged that the admi- ral should be a.s.sa.ssinated bv some known retain- er of the Guises ; this woulA almost certainly pro- duce an insurrection of the Huguenots to avenge the death of their h-ader ; the populace of Paris was then to be inst ed to rise in defence of th« Guises ; and the wei.Ker party was to be crush- ed and exterminated by a wholesale massacre. H WOMAN. Tin HucJi w.'ix tliOMcliciiH' of thcHt; diulioliciil (roimpir- iilorH. — HrrKKNTH' FiianSyria, an. WOMAN, Invention of. SilkwenHng. Till the reign of .liistinian the silk worms wlio feed on tlic leaves of Hie wliitc iiMiII)erry tree were condiied to Cliina ; those of the jiiiie, Hie oak, iiiid the ash were common in the forests both of Asia and Euro|)e ; but as their educa- tion is more dilllcult, and tlieir jirodiice more uncertain, they were generally neglected, except in the little island of Ceos, near the coast of At- tica. A tliiii gau/.(! was inocured from tlieir webs, and this ('can maiiulactun , the invention of a woman, for female use, was long admirecl botli in tlie East and at Ucmie. — Giiiiion'h ]{ome, ch. 40, p. m. 0071. WOMAN, A mlaerable. Sumh Jenvhitjs. [See No. (l().")2. | Sanili was lively and voluble, domineered over those whom she regarded with most kindness, and when slu!wiis ollended vent- ed her rage in tears and tempestuous re|)roaelies. To sanctity she made no pretence, and, indeed, narrowly escaped {\w imputation of irreligion. She was not yet what she became when one class of vices had lieen fully developed in lier by pros- perity, and another by adversity ; when her brain liad been turned by success and (lattery ; when her heart liad been ulcerated bv disa.s- ters and mortilications. She lived to be that most odious and miserable of human beings, an ancient crone at war with her whole kind, at war willi her own children and grandchildren, great indeed, and rich, but valuing greatness and riches chietly becan.'ie they enabled her to brave public oi)iiii()n, and to indulge! without restraint her hatred to the li\ing and the dead. — Macaii.av'h Enr fatliiT 111 liiw iiiid huHltuiKi. TliTs out Hct wiiH II prognostic of the l^'iiipcr of her rdgn, which wiisoiiccoiitiiuicil scene of hioodNJied nnil |)cVsecutloii. 'I'he Protestiinis, wiio liiiil iiiiilti- [ilied exceedingly during the short reign of Kd wiird, were persecuted willi tlie most sanguinary rigor. It wim ii doctrine of Mary's, as liisliop Jiiiriiet infornis us, that as the souls of hereticM nw afterward to he eternally hiirning In hell, there could hv nothing more |)roper tlian to iinitati^ the diviiH! vengeance, hy hurning them on earth. In tin; course of this reign it is computed that ulioiit eight hiiiidre(l persons were hiirnt alive in Englan«r Vet this monster of a woman died in peace, with the consideration, no douht, of lia\ • iiig merited eternal liappiness as a reward of iluit /.eaishe hail shown in ,su|)]iort of the I rue religion. — Tyti.ku'h Mist., Hooii (i, eh JO, p. :U)!«. utlire;ik of jiersecution and t lie death of Cranmerall resliaint was thrown iiside. In his " First Mlasl of the 'rrumpel against the Monstrous Hegiment of AN'oiiieii," [John] Knox denoiiiK cd Slary ii>* n tlczehcl, a traitress, and a bastard. lIi; declarcil the rule of women tn he against llie law of nature and of God. The duty, whether of the estates or jieo jile of tlu! realm, was ■ tirst to remove from hon- or and authority that nuinster in nature; »• ondarily, if any presume to di'fen , they ought not to fear, tirst to jn'onounce, then after to evecute ag.iinst them ilu; .sentence of deatli." 'I'o keep the oath of allegiance was " nothing hut plain rebellion ngainst God." — Hist, ok Kno. I'kopi.k, i^ m\. 607S. WOMAN, Patriotism of. M,n-ia T/unxn. [When the Franco liavarians invaded Austria, tiiid won their way witliin a few leagues of tlir gates of X'icnna, the iiroud house of Austria seemed doomed to inevitable] and total ruin. At this crisis t lie young C^ueeii of Hungary disi)layed an intrepidity and heroism worthy of her illus- trious racie. Shere])air( d to the lfungiiii:in Diet at Presburg, harangued t Ik; assembly in pathetic and .stirring language, and conimended herself, her eliildreii, and the cause of the emi>iie to tlieir well-known imtriotism, fidelity, and courage. The gallant JIagyars responded with tumultuous enthusiasm, waving tlieir sabres, and shoutiiu' " We w ill die for our king Maria Theresa ! " Tin' po])uliitioii rose en iikixki', ami, the moveinent spreading into Croatia and Didmatia, a powerful army was soon marshalli'd for theilefence of the cmiiire. — Sttdknts' Fnwci;, 'li. 215, ^ 11. . her learned cominenls have elucidated the geometry of Apolloiiiiis and DiophaiiHis, and she publicly taught, both at Athens and Ale.Mindria, the phi- losophy of I'laloaiid Aristotle. In the bloom of beauty and in the maturity of wisdom the inod- i^i maid lefust I her lovers and instnuicd her (lis( iples ; till! pt rsons most illustrious for tli'ir rank or merit were imnaticnt to visit the female philosoplii r ; and ('\ril beheld, wi li .i jealous eye, the gonjreous train of horses and slaves who crowded (In- door of her academy. — Giuuon's RoMK, ch. 17. p. rm. «071». WOMAN In Politics. fMiuMXV. In Vi\ the . . . inlluenee wliicli really I'ndomi- iled in tlie Slate was tlial of the kings mistress, the Dm hess of Chrilearoiix, theyoungesl of fdiir sisters of the family of Nisle, who had ■ icccs- sively yielded to his liiciitioiis jmi ion. — H'lV- iu;Nrs'"l''ii.\N(i;, ch. 'J;i, ;; 13. OOMO. . /.<"//'< AT. In 1719 the royal idTi 'lions were Iraiisfi'rred ... to a new mistress, Madame LeiKirmaiil d'Ktioies, a pi rsou of low birlli, but of decided talent and gnat ac- complishments, w ho was sooM afterwani cieutcd Marchioness of rompadniir, Louis abamloned himsi'lf slavishly to her intlueiici', and for twen- ty M'tirs she was the most powerful personage in France. A I the great iilTairs of Stale were iliscu.s.sed am! arraiigeil tinder her giiidMiice. (ienerals, niin.-iiis, ambassudors, transacted bus- iness ill her boudoir; she dispensed the whole liatronage of the government ; the rich jiri/esof the Church, of the army, of the inagislialure were to be obtained solely throi.gh her favor. — Sti'DENTs' Fii.xnck, ch. ~0, t* 1. 60§l. . On rOirmr of I. 'i Claren- don. Hisoverthrow " was certainly designeil in Lady Castlemaine's chamber;" and as he retireil at noonday fmiii the audience of dismission, she ran undressed from her bed into her aviary, to enjoy the .spectacle of the fallen ndnister, and "bless herself at the old man's going away." The gallants of Whitehall crowded to "talk to her in her bird-cage. " " You,' <:\\(\ they to her, as they glanced at the retiringch.iucellor — "you are the bird of pas.sage." — Hancuoft's U. S., vol. 2, ch. 17. 60§2. WOMAN, Power of. Anpasm. The cel- ebrated Aspasia, lirst the mistress and afterward the wife of Pericles, had from her extraordinary talents a great ascendency over his mind, and WOMAN WHS HU|)|ii)m'(l frfi|iii'ii(ls lo lirtVi> (Uclutcfl hid 4'()Uimi;lM 111 till' iiioMt iiiipdiiaiit ('(iiicrrnH (if tlu< iStiitc. Slie wiiMlxlicved Id Niiv»( formed ti Hocir ty of coiirteHunM, wIkimji iiiT nro (tvi-r llit'lr j^iil- liiritM, youii^ Mit'ii of coiisidt'i tloii ill tlic rcpiili' lie, hIk' lluiH niiidcriil siilmcrv icnt to llii' ["oliii- <'ul vicwH (if FNtIiIis . . . Hucli vvcro the |)o\\ vTH of her iniijd uml 'lio fumlnuliiij^ rlmriiiN << liiT coiiviTsiiiioii tliiit evi^ii Ix^fort! Iicr tniirriiip . and wlillc cx' n isiii^ tlio triidu of ii i-ourUmuu. her lioiiMC was tim ficqiiciil resort ot tlu! j^riivcst and iiiimt rcspcctalili; of llic Atlicninn cili/.f'tm ; anions tlio rest, of tlid virtiioiiH Socratc^s. -Tvt- i.KiiM 11 1 -T-., Book 2, ell. -l. p. 1 tr 00N:|. • , CUoiuttra. 'llio passion whl( li Cii'siir Imd (•oiicclvcd for Unit nrincf-s wiiH probiilily tlu) moIc i iuisl' of liis cmbarklni^ in HO daiij,'crous a war [with tin- K>^yi)tiiiii.sjl III! had liy lii'r one -iou, culli d Ca'sarioii. whom Aii>{iisliis caused to lie put In death wlieii In lie- I'aiiU! master of Alexandria. Ills iitTection for (!leopulra kept him iiiiieh louder in K^ypl than his alTuii'H re(|iilred. . . . (Ja'sar piissed whole iiij;lits in feasting with Cleopatra. Having em- harked with her ujioii the Nile, he curried her through the country with a iiuinerouM Ih'et, iind would have penetrated into Klhiopia If his army had not refused to follow him He had resolved to bring her to Itoiiie. and to iiiiirry her ; and intended to have caused a law to puss in the as- seiiihly of the iieople, hy wliicli llie citi/t'lis of Home should Ix! permitted to iimrry sm h and as nianv wives astliey thoiightflt. — Koi.mn'hIIist., Hook 24. 55 2. 60M. . JamiH 11. At tli. mo- ment of the king's iiccexsion. a sense of the new responsibility wliich lay on him made his mind for a time peculiarly open to religious impres- sions. He formed and announced many good resolutions, spoke in pui'lic; with great siM'rity of the impious and licentious manners of 1 1 ''ago, and in private assured his qneen and and hi con- fes.sor that ho would see Catharine Sodley no more. He wrote to his mistress entreating In i to (|uit the apartments which she occupied at Whitehall, and to go to a house in Haint James' Sipiare, which had been splendidly funiishiMl for her at liis expense. Ho at the same time prom- ised to allow her a large pension from his privy fmrse. ('atharine, clever, strong-minded, in- trepid, and conscious of her power, refused to stir. — Macmilay's Eno., ch. ti, p. (14. 60S5. WOMAN, Power of a wicked. Kinffn MMrexH. [Mademoiselle t^ueronaille was one of the favorite nii.stresses of (Charles II.] Incred- ible as it m.iy appear, there is a record of partic- ular paynn nts to her out of the secret .service money, in the one year of 1681, of .t*lHf),668 10.V.— Ivnkiut's Enu., vol. 4, ch. 20, p. 325, 60§6. "WOMAN, Praise of. Mrs. Premlent Jackmn. The remains were interred in the gar- den of the Hermitage, in a tomb which the gen- eral had recently completed. The tablet which covers hei du.st contains the following in.scri])- tion : " He e lie the remains of i^Irs. Rachel Jack.son, wife of President Jackson, who died the 22(1 of December, IH28, aged 61. Her face was fair, her person pleasing, her temper amia- ble, her heart kind ; she delighted in relieving the wants of her fellow-creatures, and cultivateil thaf divine pleasure bv the most liberal and un- P' leiidliijt ineiliodH ; to the poor Hlie wa» a ben- elM''t(ir to the rich an evi'iiple ; lo the wreuh- fd a (iiwifo.ter , lo the pro-peroiiHnii ornaiiieiit ; her piety went hand in hand with her Unevo- leiiee, and sho thanked her ( leiiter for lieiiij( ju'iinilted to do giiiMl A being ^'. trenlle and so virtiloiiN Mlander might wound Imi not dlNlioii- or. FIveii d(:iih, when he l^re her from tliii arms of Imt Im-ibaiid, cduld bu' transport her to \,\w bosom of her (}• coiiHid- • red profane lie mourned his wite until he iliii.self rejoined her In the toiiili he had pre- [iiind tor thein both. — Cvci.oi'Kin \ ok Hioii., p. .VtO. «»0«V. ■WOMAPr, Protected by, lW„fn,„/,iM. It \\ ;iH necessary 1 Kill thesaiu (inn nf llie Indian em- ])er(irsliouleror, clad skins, tonk his seat on pared for the nccnsion right and lel'l, while tile of rimlv were ranged round I solemnly reviewed the cause III a I lie of raccoon a kind of throne, pre- His U\(i dinighters nat of w.irridrsiind women ( imll. The king and continued the sentence of deulh. Two large clones were brought into the hall ; Smith was dragged forth, bound, and his head ))iit into position to be crushed by a war club. A stalwart painted savage was oriiiicd oul of the rank, and stood ready for \hv, bloody tragedy. 'I'lie signal was given, the grim executioner raised his liliidL'eon, and another moment had decided the faie of both the illusirioiis captive and his colony. Ibit the peril went by harmle.ss. Matoaka [Poea- hoiilas|, the eldest daughter of Powhatan, sprang from her seal and rushed lietweeii the warrior's upliftey II Kuiiitly tirulli till' lift* lit' II CIVIrmiirHira. I, vMAiiTiNhf'M t^i i:i:n dk SctriM, p.l. '. WOMAN, RoMued by. C/ni rl,» ff. I Al'li'i- till' ili'l'iMl III' Chai'li's II. Ill llii< hullli' of vVorccslcr III' llcil lo Mui'Mricy In iliH^niiMi*. |[i'n> 111' wiiM ill jfri'at ilaiipr lii'iaii.Hi' dl' llii" prcMciuu iif llic .MiililiriN of till' ('iiniiiiiiiiwi'allli. III! ilJH- ^iiisi'il liiiiiM'ir at a ili'i'i'iil, si'i-vliiir Miim, wIid wii.s lo roiivcy his inlslri'SM, llir iliniLfiiliT of Coj. (iiii'l Latii', 1(1 ;i i"l.itioii tii'iir Ki'IhIiiI. 'I'lii- lady riiili'on a |iilli(iii lirliliid liitn. Ky lirriisNiMtanrr 111' i'S(ii|ird In Krallri', iMid .savrd Ills llrad] - IVNKUIIH KniI,, vol. 1, I'll. 1(, p. 111. hii i^iieen Mary. I "I wiiiild. ' said '.iiy words might have the same '11 as voiii't have u|iiiii Scolland ; 11 undeisland each other, iN'comi; our good liilelligence would do f the king- 6004. WOMAN, Rule of. Kiiui o fin France the] acknowledged cliie jf [o Navarre. f the Kef- Knox before the iinrell, " elVecl upon \ . we should II friends, (iiid niiicli for the peace and happiness dom I" " .Madam," replied the stern apostle, " words are more barren than the roek when they are only worldly ; but when Inspired by (Joil, Iheiice proceed the Mower, the grain, and all virtues I I have travelled over (Jeiiiiariy ; I know the Saxiin law. wliicli is just, for itreserveK the sceptre fur man alone, and only gives lo woman a place at the hearth and a di.stalY ! ' — thus pliiinly declaring that he saw in her only ii usiirpiT, and lliu he was himself a republican of the theocratic order. . . . The queen, alarmed at the iinpolence of her charms, her wiirilH, and her rank on the mailed heart of fanaticism, wept like a child before the seciary ; her tears moved but did not discourage him ; hit conliiiiied to preach with wild freedom against the govern- ment of women and the pomps of the palace. — L.VM.viiriNi'i's (^IKION OK Scots, p. 12. IHMNt. WOMAN, SaRacioua. T h r acian. A jiarty of 'I'hraciaiis iTemolished the hoiLse of rimoclea, a woniiin of (pialily and honor. The soldiers carriiMi oir tlii! booty; and tin; captain, after having violated the lady, asked \\vx whi^ther site had not some gold and silver concealed. She said sli(> had ; and taking him alone into the garden, showed him a well, into which, she told him, she had thrown everything of raliie when the city was taken. TIk! ollicer stonped down to examine the well ; upon which she pushed him in, and then despatched him with stones. Till! Thracians, coming iij), seized and bound her hands, and carried her biifore Alex- ander, who immediately perceived by her look and gait, and the fearless manner in which she followed that .savage crew, that .she was a woman of cpiality and superior sentiments. The king demanded who she was. She answered : " I am tli(^ sister of Thijagenes, who, in cupac- ily of general, fought Philip for the liberty of Greece, and fell in the battle of ('huToiiea," Alexander, admiring her answer and the bold action she had performed, commanded her to be .set at liberty and her children witli her. — Pl.IJTAIU'll'S AlKXANUKK. 0007. WOMAN, Saved by. Fulvia. The conspirator Catiline had brought his plot to ma- turity. Troops were levied, arms provided, a distinct department and function was assigned to each of the principal conspirators, and n day was lixed for the commencement of operations in the heart of Homo. The city was lo he set fire to in a hunilred different ipiarters at once ; the consuls were to bo a.ssussinftted ; and an im WOMAN. 7v: tilimwi llMt wiiM itrfpiiird of tlitt clilcf cltl/riii who wi>rt> iliKiini'd In iiiNiiinluiii'oiiM ilcNlriirlioii. A plot of tliU nuliiri', In wlilrli **<> imuiy wcro coii('«'riii'(l, I'oiilil mil Ionic 'x' krpi Nccn't. Fnl via, .'« wiitnuii (if l(>(iNi> rliJiriii'ti'i', ilic iiiNircNM of 01 1' tli(M'i)iiH|ilrikl(irN, |ii'iiliitlily ki>I»<*I I'Y II>** Hlilcht i<( CIciTo, n\ivt) iinliri' In llii> i'iiiiniiIs (if tlic \<>lii>|i> |)lail III' lllii i'i)l|Mpii'U( y. 'I'll!' Srtiitio piiHHi'i' tliiit powirl'iil ilccrci' \vlil«:li iiriiicil tho (iiiiHuiH Willi (lli'liiloriiil uiilluirliy lor iliit Niifcly of llii rcpiihilc. — 'rvTi.icit'H lliHT., Hotikt, ,ffi. Al f-ixlcrii she iili'i'iiily slidWcil "ii iiiariH iinwcr of ippllciilloii" lo liiT lioiiki. Slit< liiiil rcitil nlmoHl llii' wliiii)! of Cicero itiid u ^rcut purl of LIvy. Hill' licLjim lln- iliiy wllli the hIiii|\ of tint >jv rciicllii^ si'lccfi'd orulioiH of Isocruics iiixl llm liuf^i'iiii'H of Sopiioclcs. Sill' coiilil Mjii'iik Latin Willi (liiciicy iiml Orifk iiiodiriilcly will. Ili-r love of clilssiriil cillliiri! Iiistrd tliroii^li licr lil'i'. Amid the prcHs mid runs of her Inter nlj^ii wii tliid Ascluitii ri'corillhi^ liow "iifler diiiiiir 1 went lip to rend with tlic ipin'ti's iiiiiji'Hly tliiil Iiolilroriltioii of i)rliioHlli<-ll('Hiijraillsl /Kicliilirs. " At H litter time her Lutiii .served lier lo reliiiko tin; iiLsoleiieo of ti I'olisli umliiiNHiidor, and she Could " ruh up her rusty (Jreek" al. need to handy pediinlry with a vlee-ehaneellor. Hut Eli/.iilielh was far, as yet, from lieiiif^iiniere ped- lint. Hlu) could already speak French and Itiiliaii as lluently as her mother tongue. In later (li>ys wc; liiid her familiar with Ariosioand TasMo. 'i'lid iMirily of her literary taste, tlii) love foraclmste anil simple styht, which Ascliam noted with prai.so in li(;r ^'irlhood had not yet Iierished under llin inlluenct' of euphuism. — liHT. OK Knu. I'i'.oI'm;, S^ (IHO. 0000. WOMAN, A ipirited, Thint,: When Philo.xeniis, who had married 'i'hesle Itlie sister of Dionvsius the tyrant], was decliired his onc- my, unit tied throuich fear oul of Sicily, Dioiiy- sius .s(!nt for his sister, and reproached her with bciiif? privy lo her husband's escap-e, without letting him know it. Tliestc answered, without fear or hesitation : " Do you think me, Dio- nysiiiH, HO had a wife, or so weak a woman, that it I had known of my husband's lli<;ht 1 would not have accompanied him, and shared In the worst of his fortunes y Indeed, I was ij^norant of it. And 1 a.ssiirc you that I should esteem U II higher honor lo be I'alled the wife of J'hil- O.xenus the exile than the sister of Dionvsius tlu! tyrant." 'i'lie kinif, it is .said, admired her sjiirited answer; and the Syracusaim honored her so much that sIk; retained her princely reti- nue lifter the dissolution of the tyranny ; and tho citizens, by public decree, attended the so- lemnity of her funeral. — Plutaucii. 6IOO. . yfury Stuart Qtiirn of Srotx. She brouijfht with her the voluptuous relincmcnt of the French Heniiissanee ; she would lounf;e for days in bed, and rise only at ni;i;ht for dunces and music. Hut her frame was of iron, and in- capable of fatigue ; she galloju'd ninety miles after her last defeat without a pause, .save to change horses. She loved risk and adventure and tlu; ring of arms ; as she rode in a foray to the north the swordsmen be.side her heard her wish she was a man " to know what life it was to 111* III! nJKhl in tlin tlolilM, or to walk on the caWMcy wilh a Jack and knaiiHchalle, a UlaMpiw buckler, and a broadsworil. — lliHr. ok K.nd. I'Miri.K, S Til. ttlOI. WOMAN, 8uprem«ox of. y,t>in,i. rCaliix MarcliiH, Nurnanicd Coriolaniis, was a Itoman Heiiator iind Iraitor. lie was eondeiniied lo ex ill. I lie now propimed lo himself a plan of vengeance. In the last degree ignominious, and which no in|urles an liidlvldiial can receive an- I Mlilllcienl lo liiHlify. lie repiilted to llie camp 1 of the V'olsclfaiis, and olTi nd his services In the determined enemies of his cniintry. 'I'liey Were accepted ; and nucIi was the cotiseipietice nf his abilities as a general, that Home, in Ihe space of 11 few mniiths, was reduced to extl'i liiily. .. . lie appeared again with his army nmlei' the walls of Ihe city. The Senate miiiiiiiiined an Inllexi- ble resisiance to the demands of the traitor, and to Ihe popular clamor. Al length a band of Uoinan matrons, at the head of whii li wax V'c- lurla, the nioiherof Ciriolaiius, with his wife and children, irpaireil to the laiiip of Ihe en- eiiiy, and suddenly presented themselves at the feet of Corlolanus. The sevcrit\ of his nature was not proof against this last appeal. Me con- senled to lay (low ii his arms; be ordered his [ troops to retire ; and thus Itonie owed her safety to the tears of a woman. IThis stors Is doubted. J— TYri,i;ii's llisr., Hook U, ch. 4, p. !f,':i. « I Oa. WOMAN, Taste of. Ahmli,im l.iiicdn. [lie Was on his way lo Washington to be inaii guraled I'residcnI.] Al Northeast station betook i occasion (al a welcome gathering] to slate thai, (luring Ihe campaign he had received a lellei ] from a young girl of Ihe place in which he was kindly admonished . . . lo lii his whiskers grow ; as hi; had acted upon that piece of advice, he would now be glad to welcome his fair ( orre- Hpondeiit, if she were among Ww crowd. In re- spon.se to the cull, a lassie made lur way Ihrough till! crowd, was helped on the Mlulforni, and was kissed by Ihe I'lesident. — Hav.mo.nd'k liiNcoi.N, ch. 5, p. I II. 6IO:». WOMAN, Taught by, UAhiion. The Gothsowed their liiNi know jeilgi; of Christianity to a young girl, a piisoncrof war ; shecontimusl in the miiist of them her exercises of piety ; she fasted, prayed, and praised (Jod day and iiii^ht. When she was asked what good could conic of so much iiainful trouble, slu; answered : " It is thus that C'hrist, the Son of (tod, is lobe honor- ed." — NoTK I.N GiiiiioNs Uovii:, ch. 10, p. 74. OlO'l. WOMAN, Tenderness of. Joan of Arc. [At the battle of I'alay.] The French men-at- arms did not wail for the English leaders lo make up their minds, but, coming up al a gallop, en- countered but slight rcsisrance. Talbot [the Hritish commander] would light, .seeking, jn-r- haps, to fall ; but he only succeeded in getting inadt! prisoner. The pursuit was murderous ; aiul the bodies of two thousand of Ihe English strewed the plain. At the sight of such niimliers of dead La Pucelle shed tears ; but she wept much more bitt(;rly when she .saw the brnlalily of the hoI- diery, and how thev treated [iri.souers who hud no ranson to give. Perceiving one of them felled dying lo the ground, she was no longer mislre.sa of herself, but threw herself from her horse, rai.sed the poor man's !i'.>ud, sent for a priest, 728 WOMAN. ?■' I coinforfpd him, mid smoothed his way to death. — Micuki-kt's Jo.vn, p. 18. GlOft. . IjIK'H irntchinson. [DiiriiiLT tiic oi.ll war tiio teiu'iers of rc'lii^ioii wt^ri; cnici and niVfiif^efiil, but feiniiic! fetKlcriicss iind cour- ai;(! \v«re not Wiiritiin;-, as .seen i;i tiu! coiidiK't of Lucy, w if(! of ('oloiici iliileiiiii.soii, after tiu^ at- tack ip>in Nottingham Castle.] Tlierc! was a larg(! room, whicli was the cliapel, in the castle ; this they l>af James II. [Tyrconnel wislied to be lord-lieutenant of Ireland.] Mary of iNIodena heivjclf was not free from suspicion of corruiitioii. There was ir. London a renowned chain of pearls which was valued at ten thousand pounds. It had belonged to Prince Uupert, and by him it had been left to Margar'»l Hughes, a courtesan, who, toward the close of hi3 life, had exerci.sed a boundless em- pire over him. [Lord] Tyrconnel loudly boast- ed that with this chain he had purchased the sup- port of the queen. — iI.vi"ALi,.\Y's Enc, ch. 6, p. 146. 6I0!>. WOMAN, Wickedness of. Firdff/oridn. Chilperic of Neustria, who had already a con- cubine named Fredegonda, a woman of remark- able beauty and talent, became a suitor for the hanil of Galeswintha, sister to liruneliaut. TIk; marriage tor,k pliice ; but such wjistlie influence of tlie abandoned Fredegonda, that she persuad- ed (Ihilpcric to acknowledge her publicly as his mistress, and assign her a residence in the ])alace. Galeswintha refu.sed to submit to this indignity, and tlemanded ;■. separation. ChiliK'ric contrived to soothe her by protestations of amendment ; but within a few weeks the unhappy (pieen was found strangled in her bed, and llu; crime was uiuversally attributed to the instigation of Frede- gonda. In detianee of all decency, tlie king, immediately after his wife'.'; death, married lii.s guilty favorite. ... In Neustria Fredegonda pursued her career of cruelty, treachery, and l)l()o(lshelved to secure her own life by .sacriticiiig her husband. . . . This extraor- dinary wonii'.n died in 597, having had reason to congratul,'it(^ herself on the completer success of her political ambition, if not on tlu; full giatiti- calion of her private! vengeance!. History records few similar examples of atrocious and, at the same time, triumphant wickedness. Writers of all ages concur m holding up tin; meiiiory of Fredegonda to th(! execration of posterity. — Stidknts' Fhanck, ch. 4, $^ 4. «l lO. WOMAN, A wise. A r t e m is i a. A woman of a singularly heroic character, Arte- misia, queen of Halicarnassus, from a pure spirit of enterprise had joined the fleet of Xerxes with i> . ((111. WOM ^i worshipped. Joan of Arc. Chivalry was in every one's mouth as the i)ro- tection of atHictcd dames and damsels. Marsiial Houcicaut had just founded an order which had no other object. Besides the worship o( the Virtrin, constantly e.xtendini^ in the .Middle Aije, havinif become the dominant reli;;ion, it seemed as if viri,diiity nuist bean inviolable safe.ijuanl. . . . The reliii'ion of this epoch was less the ad- oration of tlut Vir;,nn than of womiiu ; its chiv- alry was that portray(!(l in the I'elit .lehan de Saintre — but with the advantaire of chastity, in favor of tlu- romance over the truth. — Micmc- i.K'r's Joan, j), 2(i. filI2. WOMAN wrongecV In I'ropn-t;/. [In 1474 Parliiiment divided the /^reat fortune of the Earl of Warwick — (he kinfj-inaker. llis two brothers received nearly all, leaviii/^ liis widow but a wretched i)r()vision. | — Knkiht'b K.\(i., vol. '->, ch. 11, p. 173. «li:t. WOMEN, Zeal of. Rebellion of Mon- mouth, 'I'hat ai attack was to be made under cover of the ni<;ht was nostu'ret in Hridi.rewater. The town was full of women, who had rc^paired thither by hundreds from tliosurroundin!rreiTi:)n, to see their husbands, sons, lovirs, and brothers once more. There were man\' .sad partint^s that day, and many parted never to meet aijair.. The I'eport of the intended attack came to the ears of a younij; i^irl who was zealous for the; king, riiough of modest f;haracter, she had the cour- aije to resolve that she would herself bear the in- telligence to Fevershani [the commander for James II. ]. She stole out of Bridgewater, and made her way to tla; royal camp ; but liiat camp was not a i)!ace wher" female innocence could be saf(!. Even the ollicers, despising alike the irre,gular force to which they were opposed and the negligent geiien.l who commanded them, had indulged largelv in wine, and were ''"ady for an}' excess of licentiousness and cruelty. One of them seized the unhappy maiden, refused to listen to her orrai' 1, and brutally outraged her. She tied in agonies of rage and shame, leaving the wicked army to its doom. — iLvcAr- i,.\v's E\(i., ch. ,j, p. hiSX. 0114. . In Dccomhire. [William of Or.ange invaded England by invitation.] The acclamations redoubled when, attended by forty running footmen, the prince himself appeared, armed on back and breast, wearing a white plume and mounted on a white charger. With how martial an air he curbed liis hor.se, how thoughtful and commanding was the expression of his ami)le forehead and falcon eye, may still be seen on the canvas of Kneller. Once his grave features rela.xed into a smile. It was when an ancient woman, jierhaps one of tho.se zealous Puritans who through twenty-eight years of per- .secution had waited with tirni faith for the con- solation of Israel, perhaps the mother of some rebel who had i)erislied in the carnage of Sedge- nw)or, or in the more fearful carnage of ilie bloody circuit, broke; from the crowd, rushed through the drawn swords and curveting horses, touched the hand of the deliverer, and cried out that now she was happy. — M.\c'Aii,.\v's Eno., ch. !), p. 451. 0115. WOMEN, Co operation of. Rcrolution, Scptenthrr, 177t) [Washington evacuated New York in great ilast(^ A few hours was of ut- most value. ] The respite [in the purstut ) which saved [Israel] Putnam's division was due to Maiy Eindley, the wife of Pobert .Murray. When the British army drew near her house; on Incle- berg, as ..Murray Hill vias then called, Lord Howe and his ollkiers, ordering a hidl, accepted her invitation to a lunch ; and by the excellence of her viands and old Madeira wine, and by the good-humor '.vith which she paiiicd Tryon's jests at her sympathy with the I'cbels, she whiled away two hours or more of their tinu', till every .Vmerican regiment had escaped. — B.VNcitoi'T S U. S., vol. 'J, c!i. (J. «IIO. WOMEN, Courtesy to. Ancients, [When the Romans and Sabines were reconciled to each other, many] honorable privileges were confi^rred ujxai the women, some of which were these : That th(! men should give them the way, wherever they met them ; thai they should not memioi) an obscene word or appear naked before them ; that, in case of their killing any person, they should not be tried befoi-e the or- dinary judges ; and that their children should wear an orniunent about their necks, called Jinllii, from its likeness to a bubble, and a gar- ment bordered with purple. — Pm'takcii'h Hom- ui.rs, «II7. WOMEN, Culture of. Uno/ipririofed. (Swift wrote a paper on] "The Plducalion of Ladies" [early in the eighteenth century |, in which he says : "There is a subject of contro- versy whiri ' have fre(|uently met with in mixed and select com|>anies of both sexes, and some- times only (»f men — whether il be prudent to choos(,' a wife who has good natur;d sense, some tasic! of wit and humor, able to read and relish history, books of travi is, moral or entertaining discourses, and be a tolerable judge of the beau- ties in ])oetry '! Tliis ((ucstion is generally de- termined in the; IK gative by women themselves, and almost uni\crsally by we men," — Knuiht's Enc, vol. 5, (il. 37, !>. 431. «l 1 8. WOMEN degraded, L'o,„i' %^: oircrin^Mo llie i^od. Aiil tho Scnntc, in lionorol' their i)iL'ty, (UuTetMl llml Ihoy sliouM have funeral onitions iih well iis tiic nicn^ which iiail nol been the ciistoni het'ore. — Pi.irTAitcii's I'amiij.cs. Ol'iO. WOMEN, Ferocious, /idr/ixruuis. [When the Koniims (h'lealed the Aniljrones, they tied throii!;!! their e imp, where] the women ineel- ini; them with swords and axes, and setlinn- 'ipa liorrid and hideous cry, fell upon the fugitives us well as the pursuers, the former as traitors, and the latter as enemies. Min;,ding with the (•(jinbalants, tliey laid hold on ,'he Roman shields, eatehed at their swonls with their naked hands, and obstinately sulfered themselves to l)e haelied in pieces. — Pi.fT.vitt us Caii s .Mai!ils. 0141. WOMEN in Government. Ito'olutionH. It is somewhat extraordinary that most of the revolutions of the Uonian State should li;iveowcd their oriixin to women. To a woman Kome owed the aliolltion of the reiral diLinity and the establishment of the republic. To a woman she owed her delivery from the tryanny of the de- cemviri, and tin; restoration of tlie consular irov- ernment ; and to i; wonian she owed that chan.i^'e of the const iliU ion liy whic h th. p'elielans became capable of holdinn' lhehiyhi-,t ollit'csof tlie com- monwealth. [See Xo. r)7U).] — TvTLicit's llisr , Book ;{, ch. G, p. ;i48. QVji'i. WOMEN and Government. Iiijiiri.r.. Arbitrary power spoils llu' shape of tiie fi)ot in ('hina ; hurrie< the Indian ^voman to her lius- baiid's funci.d pile ; makes the daui^diters of Eve in Persia mere chattels; gi.-es u woman the twelfth shar(! of a Inisbaud in the dominions of tile (Jrand Turk ; and renders them slaves of duenna'^ and ^ovcrnautes in Spain and Italy.- - K.Mciir's En(;., vol. ;■), ch. 21, ]). 418. «I2:{. WOMEN, Hard hearted. ^t<;';inof .Ldiim II. [Till.' ])roi)crty of tlu^ defeated reliefs, unde- the Didveof .Moiuuouth, wascontisca' ;1, and i..- torlion applied to all who could he sus])eete(l of .symp;ilhy ; their lamilies we'-e left desti.ule, •while the lud'oi-tiuiatc men were sold into sla- very.] The ladies of the (pieen's household distin- guished lh( niseh'cs |ire-cminenlly by rapacity and hard-heartedness. I'art of the disgrace whicli they incurred fallson [.Mary] their unstress for i: was solely on account of the relation in whic'; they stood to her that the}' were al)le to .'nric4i .licm- selves by so odioirs a tradt; ; and there can be no qiiestion that she might, with a woril or ii look, liav'.; restrained them ; but, in truth, she . iicour- aged them by he'- evil exiunple, if not by her ex- press approbation. — Macaii-ay's Kno., ch. 5. p, 005. 6124. WOMEN, Heroic. For Ji.f.v)n. \\\\ 1(542, when the despotism of ( 'harles I. was being broken,] women took i)art in this gri'.at (lueslion of the time; with an ardor in which there is noth- ing really ridiculous. The cavaliers laughed at " the zealous sisterhood ;" but in a juster point of view then; is something as heroic as the royalist Countess of Deriiy's defence of Latham Ilouse in the demeanor of the Puritan Ann Stugg, a brewer's wife, wIkmi she went to the door of the Ilouse of CJommons, at the head of u great number of women of the nuddle class, and pre- sented ii ]ielition, which said: "It may be thought strange and imbecoming our .sex to show ourselves here, bearing a petition to this lionor- able assembly ; but Christ purchased us at as dear a rate as Ilcdid mi'ii. and therefore re(|uir('th the same obedience, for the same mercy, as of nu'n ; wean? sharers in the public calanuties." I'ym, till' speaker. I'oplied : " Uepair to your houses, we entreat, and turn your petitions into ])iayers at home for us." — IvMoiii's K.N(;., vol. W, ch. !}(), p. IS!». «|25. . /•'''"/•'/ MitrDoiKiUI. [After the battle of Culloden in 174(i, Charles Edward, the grandson of .lames If., who there lost all ho|>e of gaining the liritish crowr., wandered among the Ilighhuids, .seeking an escape to France. Thirty thousand pounds had been oll'ercd for his apprehension, and the country was full of those who wci'e eager to find him.] Ih^ wandered alone among the liills, till he was enabled to escape to Skye. This he effected through the comjias^ionatt! coura.u'c and sagacity of Flora MacDonald. Charles ^^a^ dressed asa female, when, with Flora and a faithful High- lander, he went, to sea in an open boat. 'I'hey landed at last in the .ountry of Sir Alexander Mai;l)onald, who was ojiposed to the Jacobite cause. Flora l)oldly appealed to tiie .sympathy of the Jacobite chief. Lady j>Lirgaret AlacDonald, and t!n-( ■ ^ii her aid Charles was enabled to es. cai)e ir(/in the danger which h(^ might have en- countered in this hostile district. ~ Knight's Em;., \dl, (i. ch. !i, \>. 1T."i. 012<>. WOMEN honored. Ann'nif Gcrmnm. [The (iei-nian !!arli.ii'iaMs| treated their women with esteem and conlidence, consulted them on every (yi'asion of importance, and fondly be- lieved ,; it in their brc.-ists resided a sanctity and wisdom more than huinaii. Some of the inter- |)rcters of fate, such as Velleda, in the Latavian war, governed, in the name of the Deity, the liere(.'st nations of (Jermany. The rest of the .sex, without being adored as goddesses, were respect- ed as the free luid e(pial compani(,ns of soldiers, associated e\in ''_,• the marriage cere;nony to a life of toil, of danger, and of glory. Jn their great invasions the cam])s of the iiarbiu'iaus were tilled with a multitude of woine!i, who remained firm and inidaunted amid the .sound of aims, the various forms of destruction, and 'he honor- able wounds of their sons and husbands. — Ci,'.- lio.N's RoMi;, ch. !), ]i. 2tiS. 01 '27. WOMEK, Injustice to. />',// X'Mifi/. The statuteof thirty-tirst Henry VI. shows how ' un- sali.'ibie ce.vetousn ss " had moved "divers peo- pl(! of great ])ower against all right, gentleness, truth, and good conscience." Their olfence was the " grt.at abusing of ladies, gentlewomen, and other women sole, having any substance of lands, tenements, or niov.ilih' goiwls." To such they come " promising faithful frieiidshi|) ; " and jierceiving tlu'ir great innocency and simplicity, " carried them off by f;)rce, or inveigled them to l)laces where they were of jiowcr, and com])elled them to sign obligations for money for their lib- erty. Also . . . they -will many times comiiel them to l)(^ married to them, contrary to their likings." — Knuwit's En(i., vol. 2, ch. 8, p. 11:5. 6128. WOMEN, Insults from. Co ward, 'i. [When the Goths surrendered iiavennafo the Ro- mans, after a protracted siege,] multitudes of tall iuid robust Rarbarians were confounded by the masculine females, sititting in the faces of their sons and husbands, most bitterly reproached them for betraying their dominion and freedom WOMEN. r3i to tlu'st; i)i{i;inies of the soiitli, contcmplible in lliciriuiiul)c'iN, (liiniimlivc in their atiituro. — Gii"- iion's iio.Nti;, ell. 11, p. IHl. « 1 2ft. WOMEN, Patriotic, /iostoii, IIIIQ. Tlie .l;teriiiiniilii)ii to kccpclciir of paying the I'arliii- Micnl's tiixesspit'ud into every sociiil cirelc. One \\('ek tlirce iiuiulrcd wives of Boston, the next ii ! inunh((l imd len more, willi one huiKh'cd iuid | iweniy-six of the \onnn .'iiid iinniMrried of their I sex, r('nounee, e,i. 48. i «i;iO. WOMEN iu Politics. Cirero's Wtfc. ' Terentia was hy no means of a meek and timid di't/i odium. [.Mr. Wesley pei-initted Mi.ss Mar}' IJosiuupiet, | .Miss Crosby, and Miss Triji]) to e.\hort in rustic ' assend)lies. His mother had held similar meet- ings at the Ki)\vorlh J{cclory, anradeley. — Stkvkns' .Mktiiodism, vol. li, p. 2(\H. 6i;W. WOMEN, Reform by, (Vuirc/i. [In lOIH, when Cliarlcs J. attcnnpled by his ministers to force the litur.sry ui)on the .Scots, they experienced ' great trouble from the women. In Olasgow, when the Hisho[) of Argyle began tobtlieiale in the use of the ritual,) the servant-maids began such ;i tumult as was never heard since the l{ef- ' formation in our nation [says a witness of the i .scene]. .lant! or ,I;uiet t^ieddes tlung a little ! folding-stool whereon she sat at tiie deim's i head, saying, " (Jut, tlnni false thief I dost thou ' say the mass at my lug V" ... At Edinburgh preachers who defend the liturgy are maltreat- ed, and mostly " I)y enraged women of all (jutili- ties." . . . 1" ro'ii the date of this violent defi- ance of the principles and habits of the Scottish people, the reign of Charles becomes the turn- ing-i)oinl in English history. — K.NUiirr's Enc!., vol. 3, ch. 17, p. 4;5(). etii'l. WOMEN, Rights of. Mahomrian. Ma- liomel said ; . . . " i) men ! you have rightsover your wives, and they have eipially riglits over you. . . . Hememl)er that they are in your iiou.ses like captives submitted to a master, and who liave notliing reserved to themselves. They have delivered you their body and their soul on the faith of (lod. They are a .sacred deposit thai God lias intrusted to you." — LAMAUTI^E's TuuKicv, p. 14.J. Oi:i5. Mm. Aitiic llntt'huDiiin. ^losl prominent among tiiose who wen; said to be "as bad as l{oger Williams, or wor.se," was .Mrs. Anne ilutehitrson, a woman of genitis who laid come over in the ship with Sir Henry Vane. She desired the privilege of sjieaking at the weekly debates, and was refused. Women had no business at these assemblies, said the elders, indignant at this, she became the eham- liioii of her .sex, and declared that the ministers who were defrauding women of the gospel were no better than Pharisees. She called meetings of her friends, spoke; nuicli in public, and plead- ed with great fervor for the full freedomof con- science. 'I'he libcr.al doctrines of the exileelf lean and wan, by taking very little nourishment. \Vliene\'ei he entered her a|iarlment she looked iii)on him with an air of surpri-i and ama/ement, amf when he left her seenie(l to languish with sorrow ;ind dejection. She often contrived to appeal bathed in tears, and at the same moment en- (leavore(l to c'ry and conceal tliem, as if to hide from liini hei weakness and disorder. Antony, who feareil nolhing so much as oeeasioning the least uneasiness lo ( 'leopiitra, wrote letters to Oc- tavia to order her to slay for him at Athens, and to come no farther, liecituse lie was upon the point of iind( rtaking some ik^w expedilion. , . . 'I'liat virtuous Roman lady, dissembling tlu; wrong he did her, sent to him to know where it would be agreeable to him to have the presents carried which she had designed for him, since he did not think fit to let lier deliver them in person. Antony received this second eoinpli- meiit no beller tinin the first ; and ('leo|)atra, who had prevented his seeing Octavia, would not permit him to receive anything from her. 1 1 I t O V WOMEN— WOHDS. 1*1 I * Oi'liiviM w;is oblim'il llicrcfon; tu return to Kdriic without liuviii^r produced luiy otIuT cU'ccI by her voyii;;c tjiati tlmt of niakiii^f Aii- iiiuv iiiori) ii)('X('usal)l(! — Uoi.i.in's Hist., Hook «l:l7. WOMEN, Ruined by. SpartiDiH. Aiui.l .ill tlmt rigid austerity of inaiMicrs vvliicli tlic laws of lA'curgtisscctn culculatfMl {o enforce, how astonishing is it. that public dcKcney and ilccoruiu should have lieeii totally overlooked ! Till' Spartan ''..Mn(ni were the reproach of (Jreeec! for their iinuMdesiy ; and Aristotle imputes chielly to tli.'ir licentiousness and intemperance those disoidi rs whieii were ultimately tlie ruin of the State, The men and women frequented pro- miscuously tlu! public baths ; the youth of both s(^xes ran, wrestled, and fought nakeil in tin, pa- lu'stra, . . . The laws of Lycurgus permitted one citi/en to borrow another's wife, for the purpose of a good breed, and litild it no dislujiior for an aged man who had a handsome wife to offer her to a young man, and to educate as his own the issue of that coimection. The chief end of marriage, according to the lawgiver's notions, was to furnish the State with a vigorous and liealthj- race of citizens. — Tytlkh's Hist., Hook I, ch, !», p, !)t, «I!W. WOMEN rule Men. Cato. Cato the Cen- sor, speaking nl the power of wouuui, .said : " AH men naturally govern the women, we govern all men, and our wives govern as." — Plutaucu's (!at(), « 1 :8». WOMEN, Testimony of. Fii'xt in Co iirt. When Taniuinia, a vestal, gave another adjacent Held to the public, slu was lionored with great lirivileges, particularly that of giving her testi- mony ii" court, which was refu.sed tt) all otlier Women ; they likewi.s(( vot(;d her liberty to marry, but she did not accept it. — Pi.l'Takch. «I 10. WOMEN, Warriors of. Dahmiie)/. In Abomey, the capital of the kin.gdom of Dahomey, there are within the palace barracks live Ihou- .simd Amazons of the king's army which live in celibacy uniler the ear; of eumichs. — Ai'i'i.tc- ton's Cvil,OI'i:i)IA, " AUOMKY." 01-11. . ytntb/fui. [In the bloody battle between f be Chi istians and Malwmetans near the Lake Tiberias, in the army of the Mua- sulin,iiis, ilielast] line was oceui)ie(l by the sister of Derar, with tlu^ Arabian women who had en- li-ited ill this holy war, who were accustomed to wield the bow and. the laiice, and who in u mo- nieni of captivity had defeiu'ed, against the un- ciiciimciscd ra'i.- hers, their chastity and religion. The c.\liortatio;i of the generals was brief and forcible : " Paradise is before you, the devil and hell-j'ire in your rear." Yet such .,\i.s iI. :.> ■iveigbt of the Roman cavaiiy, that the right ving of (he Ar.ibs was broke. i i.nd .separated fn.ni the iiiair. body. Thrice did t.'iey retreat in di.s(.rder, and thrice were they drivei; back to the charge by the reiiroaches and blows of the women - (Jhibo.n'.s Homk, ch. ."il, \). 20.S. «|.|2. WOMEN, Warriors of. Sermid Crimdde. I '{'he .second crusade was led bj' the sovereigns ; (^)nrad III, and Louis VIL] Under the ban- i iiers of Conrad u troop of females rode in the : attitudes and armor of men; and the chief of i these Amazons, from her gilt spurs and bus- i kins, obtained the epithet of the (Jolden-footed Dame, --(iiniioN's Uo.mi:, ch. ."ii), p, (5, OI: When a citizen of .Mcgara treah'd liysander with great freedom, in a certain conversation, he said, " My friend, those words of thine slioidd not come but from strong walls un.d bulwarks."- -Pi, UTAitcii'rt IjYSANDKK. «I 15. WORDS, Hasty. Ifcnri/ IT. [Archbishop Tliomasj Hecket gloried in his heart at this tri- umph »!:ich served only to increa.se liis ambi- tion, insolence, and jiresumption. The conde- .scension of Henry convinced him of his own su- l)eriority and of his sovereign's weakness, lie iiegan to make trium])hal processions tlirough the kingdom, and to exercise his s])iritual and judiciai iiowers with the most arbiti'ary increa.se of authority. The Archliishop of York, who, in his abst'iice, crowned the king's eldest .son, was sus|ien(lcd from his function, as were sev- eral other prelates who had oniciatcd at the so- lemnity. De])osition and excommunication were daily occurreiuies, and Heiiiy, who was then in Normandy, heard with snrprist! and in- dignation that his whole kingdom was in a Haiiio from the turbulent and tyrannical conduct of the ]irimate. A few hasty words which he ut- tered up(Ui the first iiiteliigenoe of these disor- ders were inter])reted by some of nis .servants into a mandate. Four of them immediately em- barked for England, where they arrived next day, and finding Hecket in the act of celebrating v(>spers in the cathedral church of Canterbury, they beat out his brains before the altar. Thus the man who ought to iiave fallen by public jus- tice as a traitor was, from the mode of his death, consid( red as a saint and nv.rtyr. The murder of Ik'cket gav(; the king unfeigned concern ; he- saw that his death would ])r<)(luee those very ef- fects with nigard to the church wliicli he most wished to i)revent ; and that the bulk of liissub- je(;ts, bliiKted by tlu; infliKaice of their priests and confes,sors, would consider him as his murderer. He made the most ample submissions to the pope, who pardoned him on a.ssuranee of .sincere re- pentance. — Maoali-ay's Eng., Book 6, ch. 8, p. 140. 6 1 '16. WORDS, Origin of. " Sandirich." The re])Utiition of Ijonl Sandsvich has survived as one of the iiio:.! profligate in his Drivate life, and one of the meanest in lii.s,', '': ."' • His club- gambling has giv.r' ■ •.■•,.-( ■,,: a hi' ■f beef be- tween two slice. ^ • i ))' •■;, ' (he .-r.iv "ood he took for four-and-twe'>! Iio'ir'- ^. i'l;.,>i;t ever (juitfing 1:-- game, — i N.'n. .s i\r;., jo\. ^^ ch, 6, p. 1C1 iSSSBE WORDS— W0UK8. 738 em. WORDS, Thrillingr. At the Stnhr. No nioiiiiincnt is ncccHHiiry to coinmcinoralc iiii cvciil whicli will !)(' rciiiciiibcn'd, tl'.roujifli tlic ])ow('r of a few tlirillin,!^ words, us loiiij; us llic En.i^lish luiif?uaf;(! shall ciKliirc Strii)i)e(l of liin prison dr(!ss, tli(! a;;i'(l Lalimur — the Ih'iiI, old man — " stooil holt uprji^lil, as comely a fatlicr as one mi^jlil liijhlly Ix'liold." II(^ stands holt uprii^lit ill his shroud. Itidk^y and he "stand coupled for a common fiij^ht," and la; says, " !}(' of f^ood comfort, Master Itidley, and play Ihe man ! We shall this day light such a candU^, by God's prace, m England, as shall never he put out." — Knkhit's Enh., vol. !5, ch. 0, p. 91. 6I4N. WORK, Change in. SoiMc//. It was part of Soul hey 's regimen to carry on .several works at once; ; this he found to he economy of time, and lu! helieved it ncK'essary for tin; pres- ervation of his health. Whenever one ohjecl cntin^ly occupied his attention, it haunted him, oppressed him, troubled his dreams. 'I'he rem- edy \vassimi)l(; — lodoone thing in the morning, (Uiother in the eveiung. 'I'o lay down ])oetry and presently to attack history suems feasible, and no ill policy for one who is forced to take all he can out of himself. — I)()wi>i:n's S(>i:tiikv, ch. 5. «ll». WORK, Dignity in. li"i/iilti/. We read in Homer of |irincesscs Iheinselves drawing water from springs, and washing, with Iheirown hands, the linen of their resi)(!ctiv(: fandlie.s. Here the sisters of Alexander — tliat is, tlu; daugh- ters of a powerful prince, are employed in m;!k- ing clothes for their brother. The celebrated Ijucretia used to spin in the midst of her female attendants. Augustus, who was soviireign of the world, wore, for several yisars together, no oth- er clothes but what Ids wife and sister made idin. It was a custom in the northern parts of the world, not many years since, for the ])rinces who tlien sat upon the throne to ]m'i)arc .several of the dishes at every meal. In a woi'd, iieiuUe- work, the care of domestic alfai'^s, a sen lus and retired life, is Ihe proi)er function of women, and for this they were designed by Providence. — Rollin's Hist., Book 15, t; 9. 6150. WORK, End of. 7?«'rf«, the Eiif/lish Monk. The noblest proof of liis love of Eng- land lies in the work which immortalizes his name. In liis "Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation," Byedii was at once; the found- er of mediti'val history and the first English his- torian. . . . Biuda longed to bring lo an end his version of St. .John's Gospel into the English tongue and liis extracts from Bishop Isidore. " I don't want my hoys to read a lie," he an- swered those who would have had him rest, " or to work to no purpo.se after I am gone." A few days before Ascension-tide his sickne.s,s grt.'w ujion him, but he spent the whole day in leach- ing, only saying cheerfully to liis scholars, " Learn with what speed you may : I know not liow long I may last." The dawn broke on an- olher sleepless night, and again the old man call- ed his scholars round him and badt! tin in wriH'. "Tliere is still a (chapter wanting," said the scribe, us the morning drew on, "and it is litird for thee to cpiestion thy.sclf any longer." " It is easily done," said Ba'da ; "take thy i)en and write cpiickly." Amid tears and farewells the day wore on to eventide. ' ' There is yet one sentence unwritteu, dear master," said the boy. " Write it (pnckly," bade the dying man. " It is finish- ed now, ' said the little scribe at last. " You speak truth, ■ .said the master, "all is linished now." Placed upon Ihe pavemcnl, iiis head siiii- ported in his s(!holar's arms, his face turned to Ihe si)ot wh(!re he was wont to pray, Bu'da chant- ed Ihe solemn "Glory lo God."" As his voice reached the close of Ids .song he passed cpiielly away. — Hist, ok E.no. I'i:oi'i,i;, ^ (>1. 0131. WORK, Life. Cidiinihiix. It is a curious and characteristic fact . . . that the recovery of tlie holy sepulchre was one of the great (li)jc(■l^l of his ambition, meditated tliroughoul tiic re- mainder of Ids life, and solemnly |)rovidi'd for in his will. In fact, he subsecpicntly ((insidercd it tlu! main work for which he was ( Ikiscii by Heaven as cnagenl, and that his great discovery was but a preparatory dis|iensalion ;if Provi- dence lo furnish means for its acconiiilisiinu'nt. — IiiviNo's Con'Miuis, Book 'Z, cli. 0. 0152. WORK, Silent. Htaphai A. lh,uuh,H. If any man could get a hill through Congress, he could. He did not care much to shine as a speak er, and, indeed, he did not excel as a speaker in Congress. What he jirided himself uprm was his skill and success in getting a troublesome meas- ure passed, and in eirecting this, lie was (|uit(! willing that others sliould have all the gloiy of openly advocating it. Hi; has been known lo si)en(f two y(;ars in engineering a hili, devot- ing most of his time to it, ami yet never once speaking upon it. This was the case with the, long .series of measures which resulted in the Illi- nois Central Railroad. — Cvclothdia or Bio(i., p. 20(1. 0153. WORKERS wanted. Colonixh. [Thi' London Company, which coloiii/.ed Virginia,! thought that the unskilled ami idle, wiio would starve ".t home, might jirosper in another hemi- sphere, [.lohn] Smith wrote to the corjioration that when they sent again, they should rather send but thirty cari)ent(Ts, husbandmen, garden- ers, fishermen, black.smiths, masons, and even diggers up of the roots of trees, than a Ihousand such as had last come out, — Knioht's Enci., vol. 3, ch. 'i-i, ]). 'M'>. 0154. WORK, Worth by. O.vi,,. They share with man in the labors of husliaudiy, and s[)ar(i him the greatest i>art of the t(»il. Hence il was that the ox, the laborious ('(jinparuon of man in tilling the ground, was so highly regarded by the ancients, that whoever had killed one of them was punished with death, as if he had kill- ed a citizen ; no d()u)»t, because he wasestccaiie.l a kind of murderer of the human race, whose nourishment of life stood in absolute need of Ihe aid of this a'r.mal. — Roi.mn's Hist., Book 24, art. 4. 0155. WORKS, ftood. Zoroaxtrr. [By the teaching of Zoroaster the] .saint, in the Magiau religion, is ohligt'd to beget children, to plant useful trees, to destroy noxious animals, to con- vey water to the dry lands of Persia, ai;d to work out his salvation by pursuing all ihelaboivi of agrieultiue. We may <|uole from tin- Zend- avesta a wise and bei\ 'volent maxim, which com- pensates for many an .d)surdity. " He who sows the ground with care and diligence acquires a greater stock of religious merit than be could 73-t VVOItKS— WOKSIIIP. f^iiiii tiy the repetition of ton tiiousand priiyers. " — UmitONS I{(IMK, ell. H, J). !>;{."), 6150. WORKS, JuBtifioation by. fjithiT. No mailer iiow nu;ili lu; Hlii(lie(i mid i)riiye(l, no inaller liow severely lie ciisti^raled liiniself witli fasliii!^ and waleliin!;, lie found no peace to his soul. I'lveii when h(! imagined thai lie had sal- islied the law, In; often despaired of j^etlini; rid of his sins and of securinj^ ihu grueo of God. — Kki.n's LiTirKii, eh. !}, p. ;{!). 6157. WORLD, Origin of the. Thnh.i. Tlw. nielaphysical opinions of 'I'hiiies are lait inqxr- feelly known. He su|)|)osed the world to he frunied liy the Deity out of lh(^ original element of water, and animated hy His cs.senee as the; l)()dy is i)y IIk! soul ; that the Deity tliond'ore re- sided in every portion of spae" ; and tliat lids world was only a pfreat temple, where the sight of everytliing around him reminded man of that CJreat Heini;- wideli inliahiled and pervadoil it. — Tyti-ku'8 (iiHT., Hook '2, cli. !), p. ;»(il. «I5*i. WORLDLINESS rebuked. .'<'>rriif>:i. [At his trial he made a noble defenee. | Slioidd yon resolve to accpiit me, on ccjiidilion that I keep silence for llio future, I should not liesitale to make answer, "Atlieiiians, I iionor.ind love you, hut I shall choosi^ ratlur to oluy Uod than you, and to my latest l)reatli shall never renounce l)hilosophy, nor eeasc! loexhiMt and reprov(j you according to my custom, hy iclling leh of you when you come in my way, My good i' iend, an I citi/.en of the most f.imous city in ihe world for wisdom and valor, are you not ashamed of hav- ing no oilier thoughts than tliat of amassing wealtli and of ac(iuiring glory, credit, and dig- nities, while you iiegleet Ihe treasures of pru dcncc, trulli, and wisdom, I'.rid tak(; no pains iu rendering your sou! as good and perfect as it is cai)id)l(! of heiiig V" — l{oi,i,i.\'8 llisr., Hook 9, ell. 4, j; f). 6159. WORSHIP, Apostates from. Sniiviri- (iiiis. I X(.'arly two hundred years before Clirist Antiochus Epiphanes liitterly i)ersecuted tlie Jitws at Jerusalem. (See No. Gltiti.) 'I'lie Samar- ilansj presented .a petition to tlie king, in wliieh tliey declared themselves not to lie .iews, and desired lli.it their temple, built on Mount Geri- ziih. whicli till then liad not been dedicated to any deily in particular, might lieiieeforward h(; dedicated lo the Gn;cian .Jui)iter, and l)e calle(l after his n.ame. Aniioclius received their peti- tion very graciously, jiiid ordered Xieanor, i( puty-governor of the jjrovince ot Samaria, to dedicate their lemple to the Grecian .lupiter as they had desired, and not to molest them in any manner. — IIoi.t-in's Hist., Hook 19, ch. 'Z, ^ '.I. 6I<»0. WORSHIP, Cheerful. Tii AilirmU/. [Wlien Hannibal had slaughtered tlie Ilonian army and endangered the cai)ital, IIk; grief was universal. I Faliiiis Ma.Kimus fixed both the place and time for mourning, allowed thirty days for that purpose in a man's own house, and no more for the eity in general. And as the feast of (^ercs fell within that time, it was thought lietter entirely to omit the .solemnity, than by the small numbers and tlie melancholy looks of those that should attend it, to disc(.ver the greatness of their lo.ss : for the worship most acceptable to the gods is that whicli comes from cheerful hearts. — PLUTAUcn'sFAmusMA.M.vius, 6161. WORSHIP, Constrained. Ileitf/nii. It ap|)ears that Nnm.a's religious institutions in general are very e, and that this in particu- lar is highly coiidu e to t hi! purposes of jiiety — namely, that when " n>agistrates or priests are employed iu any sai i i < cremony, a herald gee.s before, and proclaims aloud, " J/oc aiji:" — i.e., "be attentive' to this;" thereliy commanding (tveryliody to regard Ihe solemn acts of r(^ligion, and not to sulTcr any business or avocation to in- lerveiieand disturb them ; as well knowing that men's attention, es|)eelally in what concerns the worship of the gods, is seldom (Ixed, but by a sort of violence and constraint. — I'l.UTAUC'n'rt Cah's Mauh's, 6162. WORSHIP, Dreadful. Drniils. "There ! is," says lie |liUeiiin], "without tlu' walls of .Marseilles a sacred grove, which had never been touched by a.xe since the creation. The trees of it gr(!W so tiiick, and were so interwoven, that i they suffercMl not the rays of the sun to pierce ! thi-ough liieir blanches ; hut a dreary damp and ; perfect darkness icigned Ihroiigli Ihe i)lace. Neither nymphs nor .sylvan gods could inhaliit this recess, it being destined for the most inhu- man inystiTies. There was nolhing to lie seen theic but a multitude of altars, upon whicli I hey .saeriticed huiiian victims, whose blood dyed the trees with horrid crimson. If ancient tra- dition m.iy be credited, no bird ever perc'ied u|)oii tlv Ir biiughs, no lieast ever trod under them, no wind e\er lilew throu'rii them, nor tliundeil)olt did ever loucli them. The.se (all I oaks :;-; well as the Iilack water that winds in (lil''erii I channels through the place, til! the mind with dread anil horror. Tlie tigures of the god of the gnive are a kind of rude and siiapeless trunks, covered over with a dismal yellow moss. It is the geniiiH of tlu- Gauls," continues he, "thus to reverence gods of whom I they know not the ligure ; and their ignorance ! of the ohjirt of till ir iriirnhi]} increases their ven- eration. Tliere is a report tliat thi^ grove is often shaken and strangely agitated, and tliat dread- ful sounds .'lie heard fromitsdeep recesses ; that the trees, if destroyed or thrown down, ari.se again of them.sc'lves ; that the forest is some- times seen lo bc'on lii I v it bout lieing consumed, and tliat llie oaks arc Iwined about with mon- strous serpents. The Gauls dare not live in it, from the awe of the divinity that inliahits it, and to whom they entirely abandon it. Only at noon and at midnight a priest goes tremliliiig into it, to celebrate its dreadful mysteries; and is in continual fear lest the deity to whom it is consecrated should appear to liim." — Tytj.kk'h llisi. , Hook Ty, ch. (!, p. ;{4. 6163. WORSHIP enforced. \>'w Kin/land Pn- ritiinn. 'JMie magistrates insisted on the pres- ence of every man at \>ublic worship ; [Roger] Williams reprobated ihe ]aw ; the worst stat- ute in the English code was that wliicli did bin enforce atteiulance upon the parisli cliurcli. . . . " An. iinbelicNing soul is dead in .sin,'' such w.is ids argument ; and to force the inditTcrent froir. one worship to anotlicr, " wa.s like sliifting a dead man into several clianges of apparel."— Hanchok'i's U. S., vol. 1, ch. !). 6164. WORSHIP, Idolatrous. Anrinit Ger. iiiiiiia. They adored tlicgri:>i visilile olijcftsand agents of nature, the sun and the moon, the lire m \V()1{81IIP— WltlTIN'O. 735 *. It IH ill rlicii- ■ty- M tire, goes -«'.''., idin;; Kioii, to in- lliat Die l.y ii l( ll'rt and tho oartli, tof^cllicr willi tliosc^ imu^^iniiry , p. 2(ll(. «l«5. WORSHIP of Images. Anr/n)/ Chris- tian. One threat article of dissension was the Worship of imai;?es, which had hceii j^radually i^aiiiing ij;roun(l for some ccniluries. It arose tirst from the custom of having? criicilixes in privati; houses, and portraits of our Saviour and Ills apostles, which soinetimes heinn'of consider- able value, were, amonj^ other reli!i;ious dona- tions, heiiueatheil by dyini^ |)ers()ns lothe churcli, where they were displayed on solemn festivals. The ('lerj^y at lirst took pains to repress that superstition. In the year HDiJ we find St. EpipLii- niiis ])ulled down an imai^c in a church of Syria, before which hi; found an ii^noranl person sayinii; prayers. Others, however, of his breth- ren were; not so circumsjiect or scrupulous, and in time tlu; i)riests even found their interest in encounii^iiiu: the practice ; for particular ima;j;es in particul.ir churches, acipiirini,^ a lii!j;her de- Ufrce of celebrity than others, and fretting tlii! rtipiitation of performing miraculous cures, the i^rateful donations' that W(;re made to the church were a very considerable emolument to tlu; ec- clesiasiics. — 'rvT[-i:ii's Hist., Uuok 6, ch. 3, p. H-'. 6I««. WORSHIP, Perilous. Jn-uxulnn. An- tiochus, at his return from lynypt, exasperatetl to see forcibly torn from him by the Romans a crown which he looked upon ahead}' as his own, mad(! the .Jews, thoui^h they had not oireiidcd him in any luanucr, feel the whole, weij^ht of his wrath. . . . ApoUonius |his otlicer] arrived there [at .leriisalem] just two years after this city had been taken by Antiochus. At his first comiiin' he did not b"hav(! in any manner as if ho had receiv(.'d such cruel orders, and waited till the lirst Sabliath-day before he executed tliem. But then, seeing all tho peoi^le assem- liUul peaceably in tho synagogues, and engaged in paying their rc'ligious worshi)) to the Crea- tf)r, he put in execution tho barbarous commi.s- sion 111,' had received, and setting all his troop.s upon them, he commanded them to cut to pieces all the men, and to seize all the women and chiklreii, in order that posed to sale. These coiiuuai with the utmost cruelty and rigor. .Not a single man was .spared, all they could find being cruelly butchered, insomuch that the streets streamed with blood. The city was afterward plundered, and lire set to several jiarts of it, after all the riches that could he found had been carried oil. [See Xo. Gl.")i).J — Rolmn's Hist., Book 19, ch. 2, ^i 15. 6l6r. WORSHIP, Retreat from, Jcffermi Damn. The church bells [of Ric'hmond] called, a.s usual, the inhabitants to the house of worship, and Davis, among the rest, anil all was peaceful and quiet. ... In the midst of the .service a messenger approached the pew in which the Confederate President sat and handed him a slip of paper. It was from the War Department, v'ontaining a despatch from Lee, to have every- thev might be ex- uikIs were obeyed thing ready for the evacunlion of Hiclimond by eight o'('lock at night. Mad a thunderbolt fallen from a cloudless sky hi; could not have been more appalled. Crushing back the emotions of his heart, he rose and left the church. — 1Ii:au- I.KV'S (}UANT, p. 'J'-J;t. « I ox*. WORSHIP of Science. Timom: |Timonr the Tartar) went to pray iiidilVereiitly on tho tombs of the Christian saints and on those of the noted dervishes. His worship of scien(;« and virtue was impartial ; was ii |ihiliisophy, was it policy'.' Nothing in history explains lhi.ij mystery in the life; of the coiKiueror. — [j.\m.vu- ti.nk's TiiiKi'.v, p. nil. 61«9. WORSHIP, Substitute for. To S,nn>id Jo/iimoii. Dr. .lolin Camiibcll, the celebrated liolitical and biographical writer, being nien- lioiied, John.son said : . . . "Ciaipbell is a good man, a pious man. I am afraid he has not Jieen in the inside of a church for many years ; but he never passes a church witluait pulling oil his hat. 'i'liis shows that he has good inim iples." — BOSWHI-I.'S JoilNSO.N, p. 11,"). 6170. WORTH, Moral, /.oiii.t IX. Louis IX. stands forth in history an evernieniorablo instance of the inherent power of high moral and religious ])riiiciple, when faithfully and consistently carried out through a whole life. . , . Voltaire, no iiartial panegyrist in such a case, has said of liini that "it is not given to man to carry virtue to a higher point." Louis was canonized on the 11th of August, ]2'M, by PojM' Boniface V'lll. — Stidio.nis' Fh.vnci;, ch. 9, S (i. Oiri. WOUNDS, Honorable. Tiiiioi,,-. [Ti- mour the Tartar bore tlie| name of Timour Lenk, or Tiinnur the Laiiu'. This suiiiMnie, which alluded both to his inlirniity and i)reco- eiouH glory, was given liini in consequence of a wound on the leg recei\(d in lighting for his country, lie jiaraded it as a title of honor, and added it liiiiiself to his name. — L.\.m autink's TiuKKV, ]). ;i<)l. 0172. . S'l/iliir. [Sertorius wius a soldier from his youth.] Nor did his martial intrepidity abate wlicn he arrived at the degree of general. His pergonal exploits were still great, and he faced danger in the most fearless manner ; in conseiiuence of which he had oiu- of his eyes struck out. This, Iiowe\er, heahvays gloried in. II(! said others did not ahvayscarry about with them the honoraltle badges of their valor, but sonietiines laid aside tlieir chains, their trunch(ciiis, and coronets, while he had perpetually the evidences of his bravery about him, and those who saw his mi.Hfortuiie at the same lime behold his courage. The jieoplo, too, treated him with the highest respect, — Plu- T.MU'Il's SlCR'I'OHtrs. 0173. . Id till' F)'0)it. "Young Siward" perished in the battle-lield where .Macbeth fell. "Where were his wounds V" said the stout old earl [his father]. " In front." " Then I could wish no better fate.' Eng., vol. 1, ch. 12. 11 l»i:i. -Knight's ('"rds. An 0174. WRITING, Substitute for. invention . . . approaching still nearer to writ- ing was the Pinniviau quipos, or cords of various colors, with certain knots ui)on them of different size, and dilTercntly combined. With these they 730 VV IK )NOS— YOUNG. Hi contrived to ucroiiipIiMli most of tlii' purposes of wriliiii; ; tliey formed r<%dsiers widcli coiilaiiied Iheiinimlsof their empire, tlieHlulc of Iliepuhlie revenues, llie iieeounlof tlieir tiixcH for IIm' hu|)- port of pivernmeni, and by meansof them they recorded llieir astronondciii observiilion. — Tyt- IJ;il'S lIlHT., llool< I, cli. !J, !'• 01 75. WBONOS redreiied, Imaginary. \\'>ir. Alexiinder arrived al a lillle cily inliabiied by the Uranchidie. Tliese wen! Ilie (Uiscem hints of a fanuly niio had dwelt in Miletus, whom Xerxes, at his return from (}reece, had for- merly sent into I'pper Asia, when; lie had set- tled them in a very nourishing condition, in re 5urn for tlieir havinif delivered up to him I lie treasun- of the lemple of Apollo Didyniieus, the keepers of which lliey were. They received the kU\i^ with the hifjlicsi, demonslration of joy, and surrendered both themselves and their city to him. Alexaiiiier sent for such Milesians as were in his army who |)reserved an heredit'iry hatred ni^aiiist tlie iirancliida', liecause of the treachery of their iinceslors, He then left them the choice either of revciiirinfi; the injury they had formerly done tliem, or of pardoiunir them in consideialion of their common extraction. Tlie Miiesians beins^ so much divided in opinion that they could not ai;re(! amoii^ themselves, Al- exander undcrlook tlie decision iiimself. Ac- cordin^dy, the next day, he commanded Jiis phalanx to surround the city ; and a signal be- injr ,iriven, they wen^ ordered lo |)lun(ler that ubodeof traitors, and put every one of them to the sword, which inhuman order was executed with the same barbarity as it liad been given. All the I'ili/.ciis, at the very time that they were gointc '" Piiy liomag(! to Alexander, were mur- dered in the streets and in their iii>uses, no man- ner of reirard beini,'' paid to their cries and tears, northe least distinclioii made of aftcor sex, . Bui of what ('rimes \\ c re Iho.so ill-faled eili/.eus guilty ? Were Iliey res|)onsible for those their fathers had commhled uiiward of one hundred and tifly years before ? I do not know whether history furnishes another cxamjile of so brutal and f rani ic a ciueltv. — Kom.i.n's llisr., JJook 6170. YEAR lengthened, The. Jiilia.i Ca.s/ir. The Al(v\andri;in oliscrveis had discovered that the annual course of the sun was complected in three; hundred and sixty live; days and six hours. The lunar twelve was allowed to remain to lix the number of the months. TIk; number of days in each month were adjusted to absoi'b three hundnsd and sixty-live days. The super- tluous hours were allowed to accumulate, and every fourth year an additional dav was to be intercalated. An arbitrary step was reipiired to rei)air the ne^'-liirenceof the past. Sixty-tivedays liad still to be made good. The new .system, de- ])ending wholly on the sun, would ' naturally iiave commenciul with the winter .solstice. But Cjesar .so far delerreul to u.sage as to choose to begin, not will, the solstice it,self, but with the lirst new moon which followed, Itso hapiienee' ;n thatyear thai the new moon was eighty days after the solstice ; and thus the next year started, as it continiK's tor.tart, from the Ist'of January. The eight days were added to the sixty-five, and the current year was lengthened by nearly three months —Fuolde's C.E8A11, ch. 25, p. tt2. 0177. YEAR, Thb new. Siinunl, ,fi>/ninon. How seriously ■lohiison was impressed with i\ sense of religion, even in the vigor of his youth, appears from the following passage in his min- utes, kept by way of diary : " Si/itiiii/n r 7, IT-W. — I have this dav enb'reif upon my twenty-eighth year. Mayest lliou, O (Jod, enable me, for .Icsii.s Christ's sake, to spend this in such a manner that I may receive comfort from it at the hour of dealh.andin die day of judgment I Amen."— HoSWICI.I/H .lollNHON, J), lit. OI7>«t. YOUNftMAN, Unpromising. " I'nl,." [One of the Hayings of Cato was.) that h« likeil a young man that blushed more than one that turned pale : and thai he did not like ii sohlier who moved his hands in marching, anil his feet in lighliiig, and who snored louder in bed than he shouted in battle. — I'l.i T.Micn's ( A'ni ruK Cknsok. 0170. YOUNG MEN, Conquest by. Coloin'ru. Dionvsius of llal.cariiassus informs us of the manner in which a State, \\ hen il liecame over- sloeked, traiis|)laiited its colonies. They conse- crated to a particular god all the youth of a cer- tain age, furnished them willi arms, and after the peiiormance of a solemn sacrilice. dismissed them to conipicr for them.selves a new counlry. These enterprises were, no doubt, often unsuc- cessfiii ; but when they succeeded, and an es- tablishment was oblaiiied. it does nol aiipear thai the mother Stale iiretended to have any rights over them, or claims upon the country where they settled. — T vri. Kit's 11 isr.. Book II, ch. 1, p. L'H.'i. OI)«tO. YOUNG MEN, Deeds of. Ihnmiiarte. Xapolenii Honapaile, who had not yet completed his twenly-sevenlh year, was appointed gen- eral-in-chief of the army of Italv. — Srtui'iNTs' Fu.\N(K. eh. '37, iVA. 01 «l. YOUNG MEN, Energetic. nnttna. Hrutus had n much intliiraee with Ca'.sar that he reconciled him to his friend (!a.ssius ; and when he sjioke in behalf of the King of .Vfrica, though there were many impeachmeiils against him, lie obtained for him a great pari of his king- dom. Wlieii he first began to speak on this oc- casion, Cesar said : " I know nnl what this young man intends, bv.t whatever il i-;, he intends It strongly " -Pi.rrAin i/'s Hiti ris. OI«tI. YOUNG MEN, Pat/iotism of. U.Mlhu. [When (General (JranI visited K.imburg he at- tended a bai '|Uet in his lionor. and was spoken of as having saved his counlry.) (Maul ici»lied : " . . . I must dissent ui)OU one remark, . . . that I .saved the ( (luntry during tie recent war. If our counlry could be saved or ruined by any one man, we should not have a country, and we should not now be celebrating o'lr Fiairth of .July. ... If I had never heki command — if I had fallen— if all our generals had fallen, there Were ten thousand behind us who would havir done our work just as A.'ell. . . . \^'llat .saved tlu! Union was the eonnng forward of the young men. . . . So long as our young men are ani- mated by this sjiirit there will be no fear f(;r tlii! Union."— Gknki{.\i, Ghant's Tkavki.s, p. 'I'.Vi. 01 S3. . RmMiiKj the Sf,nui> Art [Patrick Henry ]irescnted resolutions to the Vir- ginia legislature sustaining the independence of colonies, which were carried by small majorities YOUNO— vol Til. 737 — till! tlflli tty one vnU-.] Mill Iltsiiry " curried nil tlic yoiiiiir ini'riilx'i-s with liiin," [And ho| VMr>?iiiiii <:n\v llic Miriiiil for tlic (lontiiiciit. — Hanciiokt'h I'. H., vol. T), ell. IH, 6IN4. YOUNG HEN, SuooeH of. Timoiir tlif Tnrtiir. Froiii tiic Iwcll'tii yt'ur of liin ny^^v. Tiinoiir liiul I'litcrcd llic tli^ld of iiclioti ; in the twcniy-llftli lie stood forth n.s tlic dclivcrcrof his roiiiilry ; ami the even mid wishes of tlu! peoplt! weiH! liiriicd towiird ii hero who sulTered in Ihcir cause, . . . At llu! iiift! of Ihirlyfour, and in a j^oneral diet, or vniirmitltii, he was investt.'d with imperiiil eonuniind ; hut \w alTected to revere the hoiis(! of Zin^rj.H ; ami while the emir Tinioiir reif^ned over Za^nitai and tlu; I'last, a noininal khan sctrved as a private otileer in the armies of his servant. A fertih^ kin^^lom, llv(^ humlred niilt's in len^l.h and in lireadth, niii^ht have; .satis- fled tlui ainhit ion of a subject ; but Timour as- pired to llic domitiion of the world ; and heforo hisd(;ath the crown of Za|;atai was one of tin; twenty-seven crowns which he had i)Iaced on his head. — (JinitoNs Uomk, cli. (m, p. 249. 6185. YOUNG MEN, Triumphant. Jminr Ncir (on. Voun;; men, it has hecn often remarked, do the Lcrcatest thin^^s. Newton was but twen- ty-three when h(^ made his frreiUest di.scovery. In the autumn of lOfJ."), tht! coll(!)i(e having been dismissed on acf:ount of the j)r(.'valcnc(! of the plajine, he sjicnt several weeks at home. Heated in his mother's orchard one day, while the ripe fruit was falling from the trees, Ik; fell into oiu! of his profound meditations upon the nalun; of the force that caused the apples to fall. --I'Alt- ToNs Xew roN, p. HI. «l§«, YOUNG MEN, Visions of. John Athims. At Worcester |Mass.| . . . lu^ was the master of the town school where the highcHl wages weresi.xty dollars for lhe.sea.son. A young man of hardly twenty, just from Harvard College, and at that tiint! incditatingto become a preacher, would sit and licar (tin geiuiral political con- versation |, and esca|iing from a wx-.v/r of ob- servations, would sometimes retire, and by " laying thiiigH together, form some relleclions pleasing" to liimself. ... If we can riiuovt; the turl)ulcnt (jallics, our people, according to the e.vactcst calculations, will in aiKjtlierceiitui y become m(jr(; numerous than England itself. All Kuropc will not be able to subdue us. The only way to keep us from setting uj) for ourselves i.s to disuiiile us." . . . VV^ithiu twenly-one years he shall a.ssist in declaring his country's in- dependence ; in less than thirty . . . shall stand before the King of Great Hritain the acknowl- edged envoy of the free and United States of America.— fi.\N(U()i''T's U. S., vol. 4, ch. 9 61S7. YOUNG MEN, Work of. Chhwuf (ior- don. Gordon had just turned tliirtj- — a young man, truly, for a task so arduous [the com- mand of the Chinese army]. But men of his stamp all' not to be judged b}^ their years. The art of war, jjcrhaps more than any other art, demands experience in its successful i)ractition ers. But .sometimes, iilthough rarely, soldiers move to the front in whom an innate genius for war dispen.ses with the tuition of experience. Sheridan, when he .sent Early " whirling u]) the Shenandoah Valley," liail not Gordon's years when the latter took the command of the " Kver Victorious Army." Kanuld .Mackenzlo at twenty one was pronounced by General Grant the tinest cavalry division comHiander of the Union armies. Skobeleir had con(|ucred Klio- kand before Ik! reached eight and (wenty. To cit(- a mori! illustrious example. Napoleon was but twenty-seven when he carried the Bridge of i.odi. Gordon was in the |)rinie of niental and phvsical vigor. He had been a constant stu- deiit ()t the art military ; his nature wiisiitonco enterprising and cautious ; he seemed to control his fellow-men by an intuitive inlhience ; and the buoyancy of his temperament sustained him in every situation.— Ciii.Ni'isi'; Goiidon, p. WTt. «IN«. YOUTH, Ardor of. lMfoi,,(U. IFc! was scarci'ly nineteen years of age when he sought a .secret interview with Silas Deanc the American envoy, and oirered his service s I > the Congress. .Mr. DeaiK?, it appears, objected to his youth. " When," .says he, " I presented to the envoy my boyish face, I spoke more of my ardor in the cause than of my ex- pi'ricnci! ; but 1 dwelt much ujion the ctl'ei't my dcpiiituri! would excite in France, md hcsignell oui mutual agrecn\enl." His iiilciillon was concealed from his family and from all his friends, except two or three contidants. While he was making preparations for his depart- ure, most distressing and alariiiinir news came from America — the retreat from l.on;'- Island, the lo.ss of New York, the battle of White Plains, and the retreat through New .Jersey. The American forces, it was said, reduced to ii disheartened biind of three tliousaih' militiu, were [airsucd by a triuini)haiit army of thirty- tlire(^ thousand Knglish and Hessians. '[''he credit of the colonies at Paris sunk to the low- est ebb, and some of the All'' licaiis ihcmsclvea conf(tssed to Lafayette that they were discour- aged, and ])ersuadcd him to abandon his proj- ect. He .said to ..Mr. I)e;inc : " I'ntil now, sir, you have only seen my ardor in your cau.se, and that may not prove at jirescnt wholly u.seless. I shall purchase a ship to carry out your olllc<'rs. W'c must feel conlideiicc in liic future ; and it is especially in the hour of danger that I wish to share vour fortune." — Cv(. i.orKUi.v oi'' 15l<)(i., II. 47(>'. onto. YOUTH, Attractive. yMuwut. He seems to have cujlivaled . . . his moral (piali- ties with cipial assiduity as the intellectual. His beauty, his modesty, his se(|uestration from the pr<)faiie i)leasuresof tiic Ivhoreishite youth, his assiduity to prayer in the temple, his respect for the aged, his attention to treasuring up the .sayings of llii; wise, his filial affect ion for his adopted father. .Vboutaleb, his defereiiii? tow- ard the son of his uncl(!, of whom he was the guest, without all'iclingto he tlieeiiual, his taste forsolitude, his reveries — a sort of cloud under which he veiled the sjilendor of his intellect — in fine, his sober eloiiuencc. which never spoke until interrogated, but which flowed from the soul rather than the lips, and which had the gift of persuading others, liecau.se it was per- suasion in liimself — all these ([Ualities of birth, of body, of mind, of character, esteemed every- where, even among barbarians, drew the esteem, the alfection, the eyes of .Mecca upon the orphan of Aniina. They attracted, above all, the heart of an opuleut aud iutlueutial woman of Mecca, I h i ;• h 738 YOUTH. 1)1- F\ii/ii,i;/lon IrriiKj. MiimUt Irviiii; wus not a prndijry ;' for at the (IrHl school, kepi by it wuiiiiiii, Ic wriiiliht! was Hctil ill Ills I'omlli yciir, mid where \\v rv iiiiiiticd iipwiinl of two yeiiiH, ho Iciinicd liltlo liryuiid his alpliiilicl ; and at tlie n< roiid, wlicrc iioyn and nMn were laii^^iit, and where lie re- iiiaiiu'd iiiilll lie was t'oiirleen, lie was inori! noted I'or ills Initli tellin^r tliaii I'nr his schdiarHliip. — - STODDAIID'h IllVINd, p, i'.V ttlOI. YOUTH, Capacity In. Wnnfiiityton. At tlie iijfc of sixici'ii lit) was sent hy his iiiich' to Hurvey a lraw to batlle ciirioslly by dry ain cuiird- ed answer*, how I- the sanu^ show id' I.AYH E.No , ch. 7 conceal all pa-^-ionH under nive triuKiuillii \ . —Macau- .. ITiO. eiOft. YOUTH. Folly of. Kdijiir Allan I\>v. The iieijuisitioii of knowledge was t'lisy to him, and lie could witliout serious elTort have carried oir the highest honors of bis cIiism Uul he drank to excess ; and as drink i-: the allv of all the other vices, he gambled recklessly, and led sodi.sorder- ly a life thai he w:is expelled from the college. I lis adopted lather refusing to pay his gambling I debts, till' young man wrote him a foolish, liisiill- iiig letter, took passage for Kiuope, and set otf. I as he sail!, to assist tlii^ (Jreeks in tlicir stiiig- y;l( for independence. — Cyci.oi'KIUA ok Ukxi., p. ?;«». «ll»«. YOUTH, Fountain of. F'hrUhi. .Jiiai* I'oiicc dc Leon, who had been a tompaiiion of I ('olumbiison bis second voyage, fitted out a |>''i- vale expcditii of discovery and adventure. |)e I Leon bad grown rich as goveriKU' of I'orloKico, I and while growing rich had also grown old. Hut there was a fountain of perpetual youth some I where in the Hahamas- so said all the learning ! and intelligence aiii — and in that fouiitain I the wrinkled old cavidier would bathe and be young again . . . A landing was cnVcled a short (listaiic(! iioilli of where, a half century later. were laid the foundationsof St. Augustine. The country was claimed for the King of Spain, and the sedrcli for the youth-restoring-fountaiii was eagerlv prosecuted. The romantic adventurer turned .southward, explored the coast for many leagues, discovered and named the T()rtU-;Ms, doubleil Cape Florida, and then sailed back to Porto Hico not perceptibly younger than when he started.— Kini'ATH's r. S., ch. :}, p. 57. «l»7. YOUTH, Gei .min. Tm,u- Xfirton. See No. OlN."). ttlfth. YOUTH, Hardships in. (it'ori/r ]\',iii'. [The inventor of brass clocks.] At lifteeii he was bound apjirentice to a eariienter and was hoon able to do a man's work at the busine.^s. A]i]>ren- ticesat that day were not much indulged. Chaiin- cey .leronie, when he vi.sited his mother, bad to walk all night, so as not to u.se hi-- master's time, and he had soinetimes to trudge a whole sum- mer's day on foot, with his tools oi.' his back, in order to "get to the work he had to do. Several times during his apprenticeship he carried his tools thirty miles in one day. There were few YOITM. 73U ilU I Icr li- ne 11(1 .ir Ilk icr •r- ;<'. 11- >ir. vfliicIcH tlii'ii oxc'cpl f.-irfiier's wh^oiih. — Cvci.o- ri'.DiA 'iK Hkxi., p. 21 05IOO. . I.< •^••oln. Ill 1810 liix fiitluT rcinovi'd III Spciicrr C'lunty, IiKllinm — jiimI 'licii iif Ocnlryvillc. Ilci'c \\:i.sI,Ihi M'('m> ol Liiicdln's l)<)ylioiMi ii con- Nlant irM^TKl'' ^^'>l> |><'^"i'ty< liiiri|>, iinr whicli lie wsis piiid «(>(/«//(((■* pur nii'iil/i. Ill liis Vdiilli lie riTcivcd III tlic iiffgl'f- <^n\i'. ulioiit one yt III' of Mclioolin;^, wliicli was all I ever liad in the way ol'i-diiciilion, — Uii"\tm'h I S , iiii'd t( lliose 1 lii'iiiK yon. I olTcr you happiiuss in tluH traiiMilorv lite, and ttcniMl fcljcilv m tlii'lifi. to coiiii'. < ioil iiM rniiiiiiissioiii'at in mute eiiiharrass- ineiit. Midioinel was^oin^ loho left alone when the yonnirest of the truesls, Ali, as yet almost a child. I oruiiii; to the aid of his secimd father, rose Willi the ii.iive ifeiierosity of liis years, and exclaimed, " I, I ro|)liel of Ood ! I will, in di fault of others." ,\!aliomi'l, alVecled lo Icars, and SI uii; in tills huist of a mere voiilli, tin' least ( .insideraltle of the miests, a desiiinatiou ol Ihe lini^er of CJiiil. vvhoniarks where men an nn oh- .servin)^^ clasped the hos in his heart. \i-\\ Well," said he, no more ashamed of this disi »lc thiiii the diM'i|)Ur Inid been of him, ' hehn , _vi' Ali, my >oii, my seiuiid, my hrolhei my other self; (ihfji hill !" This election of a (iiild lis ilie inspired propliet scandalized M\(. conipan v to e\ en laujihler. — IjAM MsriNK sTi KKKY, |>. TS. 6il0a. YOUTH, Humble. Ihm. this—linvus , . . rose To distiiii mil finin very small betrin ninns. For tlie \\\ > hrotheis w ere reputed slii\ rs and sons of herdsmen ; and yet, before tlie\ at- tained to liberty themselves, lliey bestowed it on almost all the I, alius ; uainin^ at once Ihe most glorious lilies, as (Ic^ioyifs (.{ ihcirenemie-- de liverers of kindred, kin.ss of nations, and loimd- ers of lilies, not trau^pliinters. — I'l.r i \U( us {{o.MI 1,1 S .\M) TllKSKt S 6ao:{, YOUTHai, Index. C//>n',.i f. . Ui.il I e made ilie royal blood flow in copious streanv-. from Hie princc^'s nose." This," adds the author, " w.is looked upon as a bad presage for the king when tin- civil wars commenced,"- Hoodh CkomwI'I.i,, «h. 'J, p. HI. tttIO I. YOUTH, Manhood out of. /'• l,r ('iH,f„r. III! found, after long Neiircliing. a iilace in Ihe carriage shop of IliirtlH \, VVoudwunl, on the cor- ner if llrimd" ay iind Cliainbers .Si reel, where ii grchi iiiarble -.tructure was afterwMid nil.Hcij by A, T. Stewart, and tlicrr he bound himself out an an Hjipreiitice until he should reach the age of ventyoiie. lie was to recelvi hi- board and a ■salary of 1f,'ih a year. Here he began life i ear- nest, and he alliibiited his aft'r sin cohm in . ;rreat degree to those four years of steady, hinil -Mirk, with the economy which his little ear :inL,'s en- forced . and during Ihe whole time In ii'>i only did not run in debt one cent but he alwavs hail a little money laid by.- (.ks'I'ik's Lin', ok I'lriKii C'ooi'Kii, p 1:5. tttfOA. YOUTH, Menul Blai in. (iihl„.n. Tbe •iibject he selected wasaiuri^ iis one for a youth in ht sixteenth year It wn,-aii atteinpl to' settle the chronology of the age of Sesiisiris, and show », how ion the iiiiHlcre side of history liad allracli d his ;, entioii, " In ni\ eliildisli balnnn , ' he says, ' I prei-umed lo weigh tlii' .syslenis of Scaliger and 1'. 'mk in-, of .Marshain ainl of New ton; and niv ep has been distiulied bv tin dilllciilly o| I roriclling III! Scptuagint wiih the Hebrew I 'inputiition." Of 1 oiir.sehis essay ii/nf the usual value of such juvenile prodiicllon - that is, none at ail, except as an iinlicatinn of cnrlv bias to serious slieh of lii-lni\ - Moidii k<»n'h Oiiir.iiN, eh «am». YOUTH neglected. /'. /. tl,. <'r,.,t. The education of I'l Icr, the destini d inonari li 1 I a |)rodigiiiiis empire, was almost totally neglect ed. Uiissia did not niiicli value knowledtre al that lime, but I'eter was ever more igiioranl lliaii wa u^iial with itiissian liovsof higli 1,111k, for his sister Sophia, an ;iinbitiousand had woman, purposely kept him in ii^norance, thai >he might Ihe more easily retain an ascendency over him. and over I'- .^,|a iliioiigh him. Nolwithstandiiiu this, hell,, picked lip a liltli' knowledge -ince he had tliiu sure -ign of intclleei which we call ^■urio-ily. He wii> u greai a-ker of ipieslion fond of looking on while woii< was doing, and of living Ills own hmd at it ( v< r.orKiiiv oi. IJio.i., 1), 42ti OtlOT. YOUTH, Perfecting. •^>nil, iihnnj i«ni.i. • Iiildreii in li.a\eiiurow up ititoymmg men iiiil women, and ihc aged reliirii lotlic freshnes.s of early nianhooil. 'J'hcy wlio are in heaveii an' conliiiually aiU'.im ing 10 the spring-time of life, and the more tliiusaiids of _\eai's they li\e |he more del iglil fill .1 il li ippy is the spring to w lilch they attain ; and ilr.-- jirogression goes on |i eternity. Oood women who li.ive died eld and Worn I'lil willi age, after a suicissioii of year> come more and more into the llower of youth, ;inil into .1 bcjiuty whieli ...xeeeds all llii' conce|i- lion.-- of beauty whieli , m In lormed Voni wli;ii the eye has seen. In tiw.'i.., titijrnu. »H t" (jVdir yiiiliKj WiIITK's Swi-.KKMIOK". h. V.i p. iir.. ttSIOM. YOUTH, Preparation in. Witxhitii/U,,,. To the encomiums w liii li he [Laftiyeiiej lavished iiixui his hero and paleinal cliief, -he [theinolh I'l of \Niis|iiiigt<>n) ri'iilieil in these words: " I am nol-mprised at what Georirehas done for he IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) L ^ A :a w % i.O I.I L^12.8 |50 "^ us i£ 12.0 1.8 L25 IIJ.4. Ii4 4 6" — ► PhouTgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREiT WEBSTER, N.Y. USSO (716) S72-4:03 ■I .^ :^ ^ rA 6^ 1'4() YOUTH -ZEAL. i::J ill;' alwMjs WHS ii good l)()y."— f'THTis' Wakhin»it()n, vol. I, ell. 1, 0:20ft. YOUTH, Presumption of. Louis XIV. |Tli(' liimoiH Frc'iM li iiii:ii.sl('r| Mii/'irin Ind (li(^il in tlic yciir Kidl, willi tlic lionor of liavinj,' l)rar- liament ot I'aris, where .some of the royal edicts were called in ((uestion, Louis, then a hoy of si.\- teeii years of age, <'nti'ied the hall of ])ailiameiit in hoots, with a whip in his hand ; and, eontident of the pi>w( rs of an absolute in-inci , told them, with an air of high authority, that he was ac- ({uainted with tin; audacity of their i)rocedure, and would take care to restrain them witliin the bounds of their just prerogatives. Upon the d(Nilh of >[a/.arin the first acts of the a(hninis- tralion of Lo.iis wen! rather violent than politic. — TvTi.Kus Hist., iJooU 6, ch. 154, p. 457. 02 lO. YOUTH, Regard for. " Jimnr/ ,S>in." When Poinpey arri\'(!d at Home [from his victo- ries in Africa] he demanded a triuni])]", in which h(! was opi)osed bySylla. Th(^ latter alleged that the laws did not allow that honor to any jHTsou who was not either consul or pnetor. Hence it was that the first Scipio, when he re- turiK^d vi(!torious from greater wars and conflicts with the t'arthagi'nans in 3pain, did not demand a triumph ; for he was neither consul nor prielor. He added that if Pompey, who was yet little belter tl:an a lH;ardless youth, and who was not of ag(! to be admitted into the Senate, should en- ter the city in triumph, it woidd t)ring an odium botli upon the dictator's power and tho.se honors of liis friend. These arguments Sylla insisted on, to show him he \vould not allow of his tri- unii)li, and that, in ca.se he persisted, he would chasti.se his obstinacy. Pompey, not in the least intiniidat(-d. bade him consider that more wor- shipped the rising than the setting sun ; intimat- ing that his power was increasing, and Sylla's upon the decline. Sylla did not well hear what he said, but perceiving by the looks and gestures of the company that they were struck with the oxpre.ssioti. he asketl wliat it was. When he was told it he adni'red the spirit of Pompey, and <^ric(l, '■ FiCt him triumph ! Let him triumph !" — I'l.lTT.VIiCU's POMI'KY. Oail. YOUTH, Studious. John Milton. If Milton's genius did not announce itself in his paraphra.sesof Psalms, it did in his impetuosity in learning, " which I seized with such eagerness that from the twelfth year of my age I scarce ever went to bed J)eforc midniglit." Such is his own account. . . . Aubrey's words are : " When he Avas very young he studied very hard, and sate up wry late, commonly till twelve or one o'clock at night ; and liis father ordered the maid to sit up for him." — Pattison's Milton, ch. 1. 6212. YOUTH, Training of. Persians. The education of children was looked upon as the most important duty and the imst essential part of government ; it was not left lo the care of fa- thers and mothers, who.se blind afTection and fondness often rendered them incapable of that otHce ; but the State took it upoi\ themselves. IJo's were all brought up in common, after one uniform niaiuicr, where everything was rcgu lated, the place and length of their ;!xerci.ses, the times of eating, the (|uality of their meat and drink, and thrir dill''.'rcnt kinds of punishnu'iit. 'I'Ik! oidv food allowed either the (hildrcn or the voung incc was bread, cresses, and water; for "their design was to accustom them early to tem- Ijcraiice and soliriety ; besivlcs, they considered that a plain, frugal diet, without any mi.xtiu'c of sauces or ragouts, would strengthen the body, and lay sucli a foundation of health as woukl enal,i(! thcin to undergo the liardshi])s and fa- tigues of war to a good old age. Here boys went t<) school to learn justice and virtue, as they do in other ])laccs to learn arts and .sciences ; and tin; crime most .severely i)unished among tlieni was ingratitude. The design of tin; Persians in all these wise regulations was to prevent evil, being i;onviiiced that it is much better to ])reveiit faults than to ])unishthem ; and whereas in other States the legislators are satisfied with enacting pun- ishments for criminals, the Persians endeavored so to order it as to have no criminals among them.— Hoi.i.in's Hist., Book 4, art. 1, § 1. 0213. YOUTH, Unpromising. Abraham Lin- coln. One of his teachers, . . . ^\r. Dor.sey, . . . tells how his jiupil came to the log-cabin school- house arrayed in buckskinclolhes, a raccoon-skin cap, and provided witli an old arithmetic, which had somewhere been found for liim, to begin his investigations into the higher branches. — Hav- mond's Lincoln, ch. 2, p. 21. 6214. YOUTH, Wildness in. (!corf/e MiHlfr. After ol)taiiiing from his tutor leave of absence under false pretences, he set off on a i)leasnre excursion to Magdeburg, went afterward to Brunswick, and lived at both places in an expen- sive manner at hotels, until all the money he had managed to scrape together for th^' joun;ey was expended. On his way back to lieimer.sleben, he stojiped at Wolfenbuttel, went to an hotel there, and again began to live as though he had plenty of money at his command ; but having lieen suspected, he was followed, and when he walked quietly out of the yard, without having settled his account, and afterward attempted to run away, he was arrested and .sent to pri.son where, when only sixteen years of age, he found himself shut up with the most depraved charac- ters, such as thieves, murderers, etc. From De- cember 18, 1821, to .January 12, 1822, he was de- tained in i)rison, when his father, having .sent money V> discharge his debt at the; hotel, to de- fray the cost of his maintenance in jail, and to pay his travelling expenses, lie was set at liberty. — MlJLLEK's LlI'K OK GlCOKOE ^luiLKU, p. 10. 6215. ZEAL for Art. Protor/enrs. Rhodes was . . . the residence of a celebrated painter, named Protogenes, who was a native of C'au- nus, a city of Caria, which was then subject to the Hhodlans. The apartment where he painted wius in the suburbs, without the city, when De- metrius first besieged it ; but neither tlie presence of the enemies who then surrounded liim nor the noise of arms that perpetually rung in his ears could induce him to quit his habitation or dis- continue his work. The king was surprised at his conduct, and he one day asked liim his rea- sons for such a proceeding. " It is," replied he ; ZEAL. 741 " bi'Cinisc I am sensible yoii liave declared war against the Uhodians, and not afrainsi the sci- ences." Nor was he deceived in that opinion, for Demetrius actually showed himself their ])rotcct- or. He planted a .iruard round his house. — {{oi.- jiiN's Hist., Hook 10, si 8. 6216. ZEAL, Christian. Georfie Whitefidd. [Ourinfij the thirty-four years of his ministerial life Rev. George Whitelield preached eighteen thousand sermons, travelled through England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, and traversed Ww Americati colonies from Maine! tc Georgia. His last sermon was two hours long, 'i'he sani(! evening,] while at snpi)cr, the ])aveiuent in front of the house, and even its lial', were crowded with people, impatient to hear a few words from liis eloquent lips ; but lie was exhausted, and rising from the table, said to one of the clergy- men who were with him, " Urother, you must talk to this dear people ; I cannot .say a word."' Taking a candle, he hastened toward his bed- room ; but before njiiching it lie was arrested by the suggestion of his own generous heart that he ought not thus to desert an anxious crowd, luin- gering for the bread of life f'-om his hands. Ui' jmused on the stairs to address them. \\n had preached his last .serinon, and this was to be his last ex!'ortation. He lingered on the stairway, while the crowd gazed at him with tearful eyes, as Elislia at the ascending prophet. His voice, never, perhaps, surpa.s.sed in its music and pathos, flowed on until the candle which he held in his hand burned away and went out in its socket ! The next morning he was not, for God had taken liim ! He died of asthma, Septc'nber 30, 1770. — Stevi:nh' Mkthouib.m, vol. 1, p. 466. 6217. ZEAL encouraged. Abnilidm Lincohi, I He was not jealous of a member of his cabinet who was also a candidate for the ])residency, and showed vigor and energy in his department.] " My brother and I . . . were once ploughing con. on a Kentucky farm, 1 driving the horse and he holding the plough. The horse was lazy, but on one occasion rushed across the field, so that I, with my long legs, could scarcely keep jiace with him. ... I found an enormous chiii-ft!/ fastened on him, and knocked it oir. . . . My brother asked me what I did that for. I told him I didn't want the old horse bitten in that way. ■ Why,' said my brotlier, ' t/Kit's all that made him go.' Now," said ^Ir. Lincoln, "if Mr. has a presidential chin-fly biting him, I'm not going to knock it off ; it ^.ill only make his dei)artment go." — Raymond's Lin- coln, p. 720. 621 §. ZEAL, Imprudent. Execution of Charles I. \\\ no long time it became manifest that those political and religious zealots, to Avhom this deed is to be ascribed, Ind committed, not only a crime, but an t-rror. They had given to a j jirince, hitherto knowu to his people "liiefly by his faults, an opportunity of displaying, on a great theatre, before tlie eyes of all nations and all ages, some qualities which irresistibly call forth the admiration and love of mankind, the high spirit of a gallant gentleman, the patience and meekness of a penitent Clirisiian ; nay, they had so contrived their revenge, that the very man whose whole life had been a series of attacks on the liberties of England now seemed to die a martyr in the caust! of tiiose very iiiier- ties. — MAtAi:i,.\v's 10N(i., eh. 1,1). I'JO. 6219. ZEAL, Ineffective. John Stilton. jTlic restoration of iiionarciiy was foreshadowed, | .\ fury of ulteranc(! was upon liim, and he i)oMr- ed out, during tiie death-throes of the re|Mil)lic. jiamphlet upon i)amphlet, as f'l.st as he coulii get tliem written to his dictation. These extem- porized effusions Ix'trav in their style, hurry, and confusion the restlessness of a coining de- spair. The passionate eiilhusiasin of the early tracts is gone, and all the old fault--, ttu' olis( ii- rity, the iuconsecutiveness, the want of arrange- nu'nt, are exaggerated. In the " Ready Way" there is a monster sentence of tliirtyniiie lines, containing three hundred and thirty six words. — Mii/roN, «v ^I. Pattiso.n, ch. 11. 6220. ZEAL misdirected. Lmlii.-'. [Addisdn. in the Freeholder, says the lady politicians of his time] are so taken up with zeal for the Church that they cannot find tiiiH- to teacii their (iiildren the catechism. — KNKurr's ENd., vol. 5, ch. 27, p. 417. 6221. ZEAL punished. Her. Churl, » \VeM,y. He had charge of the curacy of Islington, but " was ejected from it, not so much bceausi^ .)f his doctrine, as for the earnestness with which he uttereSli{,' was, however, only one of several uliandoned women who at this time shared, with ids beloved Church, the dominion over his mind. He seems to have determined to make some amends for neglecting the welfare of his own .soul by taking care ol the souls of others. — Macaui.ay's EN(i., eh. (i, p. 139. 6223. ZEAL, Unrewarded. " The I'relnider." In the evening [.Alary, wife of .James 11. ,| sat. l)layiiig cards at Whitehall till near midnight. Then she was carried in a sedan to iSaint James' Palace, where aiiartmeiiis had been very hastily fitted up for her reception. Soon messengers were running about in all directions to sumiuoii physicians and i)riests, lords of the council, and ladies of the bedchamber. In a fiv,- hours many public functionaries and women of rank were assembled in the (lueen's room. Tliert', on the morning of Sunday, the lOth of June, a day long kejit sacred by th(^ too faithful ad- herents of a bad cause, was born the most ut:- fortunate of princes [James Francis Edward Stuart, the Pretender,], destined to seventy-seven years of e.xile and wandering, of vain projecH, of honors more galling than insults, and of hopes such as make the heart sick. — !Macai.- lay's Enc;. , ch. 8, p. 334. i: INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES. Explanation. The names here given may bo found In the articles to which the numbers refer AnBAH.sA, 4810. AiiiioTT, Honj., lOSO, 1109, 119.S, 5183. Abbott tiik IlEnMiT, iSiHO. Abi)AI,i,aii, 12o9, 2280, 300-J, SSiSS. Abdalraumanm, 3382. AiiDOLoNVMUa, 3122,5035. ABD-KL-MotniAD, 1757. Auo-Abdkm, 1272. Aboutai.kb, .1U07, fil89. Abraham, B93, 2.375, 8643, 4625. Ahubekku, S(!0.-), 3897, 55(54, 5937. AcACius, Bishop, 545. AciiiLLKS, 2999. Adams, John, 5, 211, 874, ffllH, WW, 1837, ?.003, 3447, .3801, .3894, 4231, 4314, 5028, ,5,501, 6180. Adams, John Q., 1000, 2040, 3259, 4091, 5200. Adams, Mrs. John, ,3407. Adams, Samuel, .587, 670, 1008, 1629, 2780, .3517, 3000, 60.58. Adda, Archbishop, 1914, 2690. Addison, Joseph, 29.34, 3813. Adela, Princess, 3840. Adet, Pierre a uguste, 170. Admetus, 5201. Adolius, 5212. Adrastus, :3H84. .\drian, Emperor, 4969. Adrian (Pope) IV., 2068. Adrian VI., Pope, 2692. .K(i.«ON, 2508. /Em.a, King, 5197. .Emilia, 5107. .Kmilius Paulus, 1902, 2814, 6715. .lOsciiiNEB, 1329. .Esci:lapius, 4109. Aiaov, Clodius (Actor), 8178, 4028. .Etius, 2797. aoamemnon, .5910. aoatiiarcus, 2524. aoatiioclks, 1,538. AoEsiLAUS, 1397, 2108, 2.303, 2744, 3070, 3103, 3346, 4449, 5114, !:a53, 5671, 5§31. Aqis IV., 1000. AoNON, 3.300. AoRiPPA, Meneniua, 4298. AoBiPPiNA, 193, 1347,2072,3721, 4369, 5260. Aidan, Bishop, 5395. AiDONEus, 3338. Alaric, King, 687, 1145, 2893, 5086. Alatheus, 5304. Albert, Archbishop, 4668. Albinus, Lucius, 4184. Ai.BlNUS, Senator, 3234. Albion, 8845. D'Albret, Jean, 6004. Ai.BuqUBKQUB, 10,50, 1070, 1098, 2170, 3039. Alcibiadks, 1306, 1502, 2702, 37.55, IH04, 4897, l),3«0. Ai.DRii.ii, Hev., 3.5,55, Alexander tiik Great, 6, 180, 2.35, 1(M8, 1151, 12.52, 1428, 14,50, 1514, 1,581, 1588, 1073, 1744, 1746, 1813, 1821, 21,56, 2207. 2220, 8.371, 2471, 2485, 2500, 2032, 2753, 2822, 2912, 2931. 306-1, 3182, 3208, 327S, XU", 3360, .3080, .3741, .3831, 4081, 4031, 4196, 4;«0, .1432, 4474, 4,598, 4()03, 4791, 479B, 4798, 4854, 48()8, 4879, ,5095, 5i;«, 6145, 5;350, 5402, 5419, 5.505, 5514, B.5.37, B638, 6639, ,5035, 5008, 5099, 6781, 5820, 5870, 0090, 0175. Alexander, Rom. Emp., 3879, 3730. Alexander I. vRussla), 2232, .5093. Alexander III., Pope, ,5010. Alexander VI., Pope, 070, 2287, 2075, 54.36. Alexius I., Comnenus, 8107. Alexius II., 2700. Alfonso, King of Spain, 8'J21. Alfred the Urbat, 1800, 2483, 8715, 4frl7, 4962, 5079, 5500, 5820. Ali,4181. Alibaud, 300. Allen, Ethan, 1907, 6409, 5760. Almamon, 5958. Alp Arslan, 8197, 4451. A MARA, 2048. Amasis, 1462, 8809. Amaurt, Abbot of Citeaux, 4183. Ambrose, St , 1509, 4105. Amina, 3004, 4528. Amompharktus. 1.5.56. Amuratii 1.., 3809, 5137, 5850. Anacharbis, 30.34, 3155. Anachonis, 5,559. Anastasius, 325;J. Anaxaqorus, 4778, ,5600 .\naximbnks, 4633. Anderson, Major, 402. Andre, Major, 1043, 15,53, 2016, 5092. Andrew, St., 4677, ,5013. Andrews, Bishop, 61. Andronicus, Emperor, 17, 13,57, 1363, 2807, 4204. Andronicus the Younuer, 4917. Andronicus, Livlus (Poet), 2358. Anduiis, .Sir Ednuiiid, 1882, 81,52, 3808, 5174. AsdELo, Michael, 317. Anoelus, Isaac, Emperor. .3M96. Anianus, 1518. .•\nicetus, ,3713. Anjou, CharleK of, 82. Anne op Auhtkia, .5587. Anne, C^ueen, .5,58, 1380. Anne, (Jueen of Eruiice, 1030. Annk, Princess, 1987, 8803, 2228, 3446, 3173, 3,501. Anmklm, Archbisliop, 8789. Antkionis, 2,523, 3888. ,5932. AnTIOCHI S the OllKAT,,3708. ANTiotiius Epipiianks, 0159, 6166. Antisthbnes, 190,8, 5077. Antistia, 5107. Antoine de BouRiiiiN, 0091. Antonimus, 5313. .Xntonini's Pus, .50,SO. Antony, Mark, 40, 198, 205, 1227, 1405, 8149, 4515, 40-10, 4893, 6878, 00,50, OOOT, 0130. Anytus, 4804. Aphobus, 5995. Apolio, 21 15, 4708, .5.3,38, 5461, Oa51. Ai'OLLONir,-!, 0100. AiiriLLHH, 18()5, AucADiLs, Emperor, ,3.38-1, 4077. A mm AS, 1510, 4477, .5-18,5. AiUHiMEDEs, 21, 343, 853, D05, ,35.35. AUCHIPPE, .5995. Abchytas, 3635, 5778. AiidALL, Captain, 1831. AitoYLE, Dulfe of, 0809. Ariadne. .38.5.3, 6061, AiiiD.KUS, 3889. Ariosto, .3300. AiiiSTiDES, 1019, 1910, 30,55, 8784, 4400, 4702, 4788. AltlSTOHULUS, 81,56. Aristotle, 779, 1797, 2020, 30i12, 3093, 3278, ,'1883, 5130, 5273, 6537, 353S, 3539, (■)015, 6010, 6192. Arkwrioiit, Ricliard, 1775, 2980, 29H7, 3580, 5108. Armour, Jean, 3458. Arnaud, Baculard d', ,3002. Arnold, Benedict, 2122, 8569, 8644, 4049, 4799, 5109, 5698. Arnold, Michael, 49,55. Arnold, Dr. Thomas (of Rugby), 1185,4780. Artaxerxes, 154, 1885, 2487, 38.3.3, 5773. 744 INDEX OP PERSONAL NAMES. AiiTAHiiiBS, King, 472'i. I AUTKMIHIA, 6110, ' AllTKMIUOHUH, KiSO. Artiiuii, I'rlnce (Gnglaiid), 3474. A8IIIIHY, Dlshnp, 4347. ' Akpabia, 1266, (1084. AsTKii, .M04. Abtlbt, Sir Jnc.ob, 4378. AsTiir, Samuel, 3031, Abtta(ik§, S500, Atiiai.aiiic, 3030, Atiianaric, 4184. ATIIANARtUH, 4,')86, Atiibn.ki's, 303.5 Atiioh, Kiirl of, 4473. Attabalipa, 1176. I Attalit)), 2666. I Atticuh, 57B5. Attila, 84, 328, 688, 1518, 1966, 3311, 3476, 4859, 54«2, 5626, B899. Attucks iRoston negroi, 3805. AuDLKY, Lt>r(l, 1288. 1 Audubon, 1872, 3321. I AuuEiiBAU. General, 2834. ' Augusta, 5835. AUQUSTUC, 101. 286, 305, 1687, 2846, 3215, 3777, 3880, 3881, 8891, 4194. AUUELIAN, 1617, 1692, 4470, 4578, 5316. AUUE0LU9, Rmijcror, 4661. AU8TEN, Lady, 3708, 4*34. Austin, Moses, 1517. Austin, Thomas, 3049. Atesha, 3442, 6076. Bacchus, 5798. Bacon, Francis, 669, 1213, 1216, 2857, 321)5, 3799, 4189, 4594. Bacon, Uogcr, 697, 3775. B.BDA (the Monk), 61.50. Bagor, James, 5123. Baukam, 2900, , 1 Baian the Avar, 3372. BA.IAZBT I, 611, 1251, 30,')6, 4638, 4837, 4883, .5318. ; Baldwin I., 3199. i Baldwin II., 4351,4673, ! Bai.iol, John, 5746. j Ball, Kov. John, 4620. Baliimoue, Lord, 732. | Bands, Nathan, 3846. Baiibahossa, 32.58, 5903. j Barentzen, 1445. I Baret, John, 2858. ! Barillon, 1471, 1978, 365.!. i Barron, Com., 4595. Bartholkmy, I'c'ter, 4667. Barton, Colonel Willinm, .5467. Barton, Elizabeth, 5679. Basil, Emperor, 1342, 3361. Basileas, 4734. Bassianus, Antonius, 2085. Bastwick, Robert, 2040. Bateman, Dr. Ihomas, 540. Baudhicourt, 5*17. Baxter, Richard, 5157, 5175. Bayard, Chevalier, 2566. Bayard, James A., 4091. Bean, J. W., ,362. Bbauclerk, Mr., 5484. Hbaufort, 1408, Beaimarciiais, Caronde, 2im6, Beckbt, Thomas il. Archbishop, 266'.l, 8674, 3605, 6146. Hkdpord, Diiko of, 6837. Bedlob (Swindler), 603.", Uloiiizi, K)18. Beiiem, Martin, .BftlB. Belches, Margaret, 3.^36. Bbliharhs, 2686, 2!M15, ,3292, 4.561, 48,58, 5811. .5912, 60,57, li'SO, 1.572, 1616, 1686, 1949, 8128, •^•■W,i>. .5328. Bell. Henry, 5840, Belub, ,5449. Benedict VIIL, 18ft3, Benedict IX,, 180;i Benedict, St,, 3()H7. Bentinck Johann, 2883, 223.5, 2234, 46.56. Berkeley, Sir William, 1810, 4043, 40(;7, 5T93. Bernard, St., 8670. Berthier, 5146. Bertband, 22-30. Berwick. Dnke of, 4600. Betis, 4854. BiBULUS, 2771, .3266, .3856, 4279. Bishop, Edward, 6088. Bismarck, 1698, 3359, 4074, 47.51, 5880. Black Hawk, 2843. Black Prince. See Prince Edwaiid. Blake, Admiral, 16,57, 8131, 231.5, 3779, 4311. Blood, Colonel, 1327. Blow, II. T., 4340. Bt.ucuer, General, 3817. BoADicBA, (^iieen, 3515. Boardman, Richard, 1784. Bobadilla, 5499. BoccoLD, Jolin, 3078. Boeum, Henry, 1086. BoETHius, K. Senator, 891, 1134, 3834, 5370. bohemond, 1024. Books, 5468. Boleyn, Anne, 5078, 6069. BoLiNGBROKE, Lord, 777, 2274, 4687. Bolivar, General, 2685, 4044. BoNAPARTK, Lncien. 3630. Boniface VIIL, 760, 946, 4940, .5981. 6170. Bonner, Bishop, 4130. Boone, Daniel, 52,57. Booth, J. Wilkes, 373, 5787. Borgia, Ciesar, 4225, 5430. Bosanquet, Mary, 1663, 6132. Boswell, 2542. Bothwell, 2188, 3437, 3455, 3496, 58;ja. Boucher, Elizabeth, .3293. Boucicaut, Marshal, 6111, Bouflebs, 1597. BouLTON, 2993. BouRO, Anne du, 1440. BouTWELL, Secretary, 5279. Brachmani, The, 2393, Braddock, General, 97. Bradford, Joseph, 2199. Bramwell, William, 50H5, Briadalbane, 1470. llitKB(Krp ilhe Missionary), .'i.508. BiiiDPoiiT, Admiral, 37.59. Bbogi.ie, Count de, 188. liiioi'GiiAM, ,50;i8. llRowN, John (Abolitionist), 3ti88. Brown, John (Martyr, Scotland), 4141. Brown, William, 41.10. HROWNK, Charles!'". ( Artemus Ward), ,3283. BiiowNK, Isaac Hawkins, 5149. BRi'i K, Rol)ert. 40.37, 5746. Brutus, Junius, 8Cj2, .5786. Brutus, Marcus, 863, 1120. 19"i7, 28,52, .5816, 6181. Brvant, William C, 8.389. Brydon, Dr., 5935. BrcKlNGiiAM, Duke of, 1889, 1524, 3871. lU'CKiNGHAM, Duchess of, 86.56. lUiLLo, Peter, 4717. Bun VAN, John, 81, 168, 318, .569, 1084, 1176, 1180, 1191, 1192, 1427, 1560, 16,50, 17()8, 182;j, 8032, 8733, 8764, 5165, 5166, 5171, 5434, 548G. ,5568, 5675, 5706, 57.53. BuRooYNB, General, 4019, 5813. Burgundy, Duke of, 2697. Burke, Edmund, 49, 1.58, 2101, 2114. 2348, 3786, 3798. Burnkt, Bishop, 2231, 879S, 3076, 3546, 5117, 53)n, Samuel, 5.35, 2986. CuoMWKl.i,, Oliver, 127, 204, 200, 2(>2, 311, .306, 370,410, S.W, 57.5,085,965,995. 997, 1003, 1102, 1104, 1142, 1200, 1268, 1303, 1,322, 14,34, 1444, 1485, 1.563, 1021, 1611, 1077, 1841, 2041, 2294, 2313, 2320, 2327, 2.306, 2381, 2396, 2422, 243!, 2457, 2470, 2474, 2480, 2512, 2577, 2578, 2582, 2590, 2008, 2623, 2792, 3075, 3188, 81.-i9, .3293, 3328, 3357, 3405, .3409, 3505, ,3.581, 3602, ,3618, 3627, 3739, 3868, 3885, 3893, 4177, 4ia3, 4231, 43a3, 4.385, 4512, 4613, 45.38, 4r>.39, 4547, 4567, 4577, 4,591, '.022, 4718, 4770, 4828, 4851, 4874, 4947, .5070, 51,38, 5231, 52.50, 525-1, 6357, 5570. ,5599, 5639, 5642, 5643, 5644, ,5067, 5749, 5818. 5821, 5907, 5991, 6203. CitoMWKLL, Richard, .59,57. CuoMWELL, Thomas, 2580, 5150. CijofPER, Colonel, 55. CtTLPErPKu, Lord, 4008. CnsiiiNO, Lietiteiiunt, 73. Cyrus, 2471, 2913, 4869, 5019, 5.396, 5560, 56.36. Dacue, Lord, 5927. Daoobeut, King, .3248. Damastes, 4572. Damiens (the Assassin), 5648. Damocles, 5572. Dante, 4230. Daphne, 5106. D"AnoEN8,2237. Darius, 186, f07,3, 1504, 2891, 2901, 4,330, 4444, 4744, 5004, 5272, 5.348, 5*56. Daiini.ey, llimhnnil of Mary Stimrt, 2087, •1910, 5110, 5-81,5882. Daukaii, Lydin, 4079. Davih, JiiffcrHon, 6940, 0107. Davy, Sir Humphry, 80, HiW). Daweb, Willlum, rmi. Dawhon, Dr., 568.5. Daye. Htephfli, .JI03. Da^ue, John, .(6,39. Deank, Silas, 0188. Decatur, (Commodore. 12.58,4696. Deciuh, Kmperor, 740, ,5218. Dek, John, mH. DK,ro(Kn, 1,584. Dei.amere, Lord, 6790. Delapi.aue, Captain, 6706. Dei.piiidiuh, .305,S. Demetrius, 2167, ,3097, 611,3, 5982. Demetrius I'iiai.ereum, ,53,37, (121,1. Demociiarks, 5297. Demosthenes, 672, 1(M)5, 1,329, 1177, 1856, 2021, 4-121, 4589, .-.080, 5403, .5125, ,58.5.3, 5959. Demosthenes (Mother of), ,5995. Derar, 6764. Derrick (tlic Author), 2050, Descartks, 1218. De Soto, Ferdinand, 1523, 1091, 6985. Devkreu.x, llobert, 651. Diana, 476.3. DiAS, ;W29. Diaz, Bernard, ,S7,58. Dickson, John, 5170. DiDIUS JULIANUS, 8072. Dioci.ktl.n, Emperor, 20, 195, 1148, 2402, 2026, 4028, ,5772, 5970. Diogenes, 1151, 1281, 2168, .•)249, ,'^15, 4166, 4411,4889,4900, 5102. DioNYSiUH, 748, 131,3, 2010, 2942, 5484, ,5,572, 5728. 6099, 6179. DisABUi- THE Turk, ,'184. Disraeli, Donjamin, 4151. D,IABALA1I, 1916. D,lERD,lis, ,5132. Dominic, St., 2800. DoMiTiAN, 1953, 8414, 6010. DoNELSoN, John, .5830, 59,50. DoNELsoN, Rachel, 34.53. D'oHCUESTER, Lady, 6222. Dorr, James W., 4027. Douglas, William, 1947, 4620, Douglas, Stephen A,, 207, 673, 1017, 1S74, 2937, 4909, 6152, Dowlah, Surajah, i;j50, Draco, 31.59. Drake, Francis, 1885, 2525, .3059, 5007, .5051. Dryden, John, 7, 231, 1090, 8409, 3244, 3308, .3.320, 5019. Dudley-, Lord Edward, 4415. Duff, Mary, 33,55. DuNCoMBB, Sir Sanders, ,3095. Dunne (the Witness), 6031. DuNois, Count, 1.5,59. DUNSTAN, 3686, 3746, ,5554. Durpey, Thomas, .3320. DusTiN, Hannah, .3729, 5790. DusTfN, Mr., 117. Duval, Claude, 4923. EcLECTUs, 5743. Edmund, St., 5110, Edward I., 2127, 4473, 4902, 5628, 5.529, .5027, 5740. EDWAim IL OF Enolani), 4037. Edward IIL the Conkessor (of England), 1.500, 8,364, 8496, 3105, 3459, 4272, 4586, 4588, 40,39. Edward IV, of England, 47, 1925, 4865, 4701. Edward V. of England, 3748. Edward VL of England, 4208, 4931). Edward the Black Prince, 1260^ 1,50", 2.3.30, 20.30, 3»14, 5229, 5431. Edward the Uood, 551. Edwards, Thomas, ,50-10. Elagaualub, Emperor, 900, 1821), 2185. Eliot, Sir John, 7,30. 4103, 4030. Elizabeth, Queen, ,571, 72.5, 1,596, 1738, 1761, 2684, 2761, 8887, 8358, .3,360, 84a5, 3489, ,3607, 8605, .3801, 4070, 4329, 4611, 4929, 4989, 4948, 6775, 6098 Ellenborougii, 3164. Emmanuel, Victor, 40-12. Empedocles, l,'i8;i. Bnuhien, Duke d', 4784. Epaminondas, 112, 3887, 3846, 2855, 4880, .5.388. Epicurus, 3271, 4803, 6540, 5801. Epiphanius, St , 6165. Erasmus, 3699, 4670. Erdaviraph, 1386. Erostratus, 47(i3. Estorff, General, 6169. Etiiei.bert, King, 2867. Etocles, 3884, EuciiiDAS, 2146. EuDociA, Empress, 4675. EuDoxus, .35,35. Eugene IV., Pope, 5685. EuoENius, 34.36. EURYBIADES, 5648. EUTHYDEMUS, 45.50. p;uTROPius, 156,1, 4571. Evelyn, John, 5451. EVERENOS, 4888. Everett, Alexander n., 809. Exeter, Duke of, 8210. Pabiub, Marcus, 6716, 6896. Fabius, Maximns, 701, (K)48, 6160. Fairfax, Lord General, 10, 5818, .5994. Fairfax, Lady, 5894, 5994. Falkland, Lord, 4018. Faraday, Michael, 587. Parmer, Anthony, 8177. Faruagut, Admiral, 486. Faust, John, 4465. Fausta, 6838. Faustina, 1675. Faux, Guy. 3013. Fawkes, Guldo, 3013. Ferdinand II., 921, 1272. Ferdinand, Prince of Spain, 5135. Ferguson (Rebel), 6774. Perouson, Robert, 1228, 4259. Fbrnlet, John, 2S50. Ferrers, Earl of, 2.5.39. INDEX OF I'EItSONAI. NAMFS. 747 Fkvkhniiam, Qonoriil, 4009, KiKLK, c. w., wrn. KiKNNKH, Nntiiniiiiti, nasn. I'lNcii, lAtni Keeper, HO, S8()0. l''iitMiN,'riiomai<, &,M. KiHiiKii, Maiiv, iiau. KiMK, .InmeH, sari). Fnrii, John, 1H7II, 8307, 8990, 3090. 41W, 00O.V FiTcii, Mrn. John, 0005. FiTzinisK, UoK'lniild, 3.105. Kl.AMINlNfH LUCIi;* yiJlNTIlH, ISSn, Ki.KTciiKH, Dr. (Scotland), 8093. Flktciiku, Uov. John \V., 51:11. Fi,KT(;iiKii, Mary, 519, 618a. Flint, Bet, 8871. Fi.oTi), Kdwiinl, 4508. FooTi: (Actor), .imi. F()iiE»T, Friiir, -ISUO. FoUlJlIlKll-TlNVII.LH, 8739. Foiii.oN OP FuANCK, 6sJ89. Fowi.Ku, Kdward, 300. Fox Cliurles JuniOH, aa05, 3;il3, 4800, 5H0U. Fox, George, 1714, 190H, 34a0, 8501, 5300, 57S0, 5719. FllANCIB I. OP FllANCK, OfiH, 1710, SI8JJ, 8723, 4109, 4l;«, 4134, 5943. FiiANCis, John, 303. PiiANcia OK La HoijUK, ■')324. Francis, St., 3:iC4. Fhanklin, Beiijiimin, 030, 038, 1.508, 2103, 28-24, 2847, 2915, 309,',, 3210, 3239, Xyi", 3(H7, 4 Ml, 9290, 2;i31, 2.3.32, 2310, 4873, 5389, 5088. FitANKLiN, Sir John, 33.32, 5058. PiiASKn, General, 188. FnKUEOONDA, 0109. FiiKUEUic, Dnko, .5083. Fukdkhick, Klector of Saxony, 2230. FllKDKIUCK WiM.IAM I., 2202, S.l.'il, 3389, a584, 5741. FiiEDEuicK William. See Willia.m. Fkkukiuck I. OF Okilmany (Barba- rosea), 2608. FllKDEllICK II. TUE GUEAT (of PrilS- Bla>, 3, 208, ]8:i6, 1247, 1765, 1772, 18;il, aOSM, 2155, 22117, 2551, 3002, 3025, 3041, .3.389, 3632, 3788, 4035, 42!M, 4301, 4437, 4.597, 488;^, 5107, 5899, 5394, 5503, 6724, 5741, 5752, 5808. FkedeuickV., 84, 4201. FiiKMoNT, John C, 1069. FiionisiiEK, Martin, 2049, 2389, 6023. FuLK TiiK Black, 106. FuLK THE Good, 4982. Fulton, Robert, 1602, 2;J06, 4918, 5084. Fulvia, 6097. Gabriel, 3242. Gaita, 6006. Gah-8, Emperor, 2078, 4981. Oaleiiius, Augustus, 2985. Qalkswintha, 6109. Galileo, 2721, 3088, 5506, 6608, 5787. Gallatin, Albert, 4091. Galliknus", Emperor, 1370, 1830. Gamaliel, 4071. GaiiiiiaLDI, 880, !H80, 8649,40.18, 5027, 55(19, 50B0. Oaiinbt, Henry, 1040, 8011, 2089. Gauiiktron, Uuv. Freeborn, 5382, Gaiiiiiok (Actor), tiH-H. (Jashaway, William, 1088. Gaston op Oiileanh, 2778. Gates, Oenenil, 5400, 6813, 8811, GAifNT, Kli/abelh, 28,50. Geiidks, Janet, 6'3;i. Gellmeu, King, 18tW, .3298, 8718. Genet, "Citizen," 2-129, lil'v-O Qkopphev, I'rincu (non of Henry II. of Kngland), •iK}H. Geoiioe I,, 4.'580. Geoiwe II., 9, 437, 8(W3. {Jeohok III., 1682, 8148, 3777, 9879, 2884, .3032, 8012, 4899, 4953, .IIMt). Gecikib, Bishop, 861, 43.31. Geoiioe, Prince, 5.376. Gkiimanious, 2072. Gehonth'h, 1499. Geuuv, Elbridge, 2610, .5710. Gkta, Kmporor, 239, 1620. QiBHoN, Edward, 1801, 2870, .32.'i7, 3260, 4054, 4249, 6205. GiLDO, 5745. Gisco, 4590. Glennik, Dr., 8788. Gi.oucESTEU, Duke of (Richard III.), 2162, 2763, 2815, 3748. GoDPitEY, Mr., .'.088. GoiiPHEV, du Bouillon, 1077, 2671, 3556. QoDoi.PHiN, Sidney, 5081. Godwin, Earl, 2496, 3159. Godwin, Edith, .3459. Godwin, Mary, 3.345. Godwin, Mehetabel, 118. Goethe, ,3402, ,'V107. OopPE, William, 4660, Goldsmith, 0„ 54, .V1.3, 609, 017, 640. 718, 1664. 1674, 1737, 18;i5, 1876, 1909, 2030, 2224, 2273, 8263, 2.301, 2;«3, 2466, 2540, 2601, 2061, 8749, 2901, 3570, .3631, 4.337, 4;M2, 44,53, 4455, 5108, 51.53, 5369, 5728, 5777. GooDiiicKE, Sir John, 4177. GooDYEAit, Charles, 1678, 1635, 41.')l, 4343, 5.388, 5404. GoiiDON, Catherine, 3465. Gordon, Chinese, 6187. Gordon, George, 40. Gorges, Fernando, 5009. GossELiN, Bishop, 937. Qoiioil, Henry D., 1179, .5579. Gould, Jay, 5279. Gracchus, Caius, 3728, 5218, 6072. Gracchus, Tibcriu!', 3728, 6072. Grapton, Duke of, 2777. Grant, General. 1226, 1.382, 1891, 2509, 8621, 2759, 2960, 3109, 37.'>.l, 4340, 4.507, 4878, 4968, 509-1, 5275, 5290, .5891. 5.399, 5414, 5471, 5825, 5880, 6182. Gratian, Emperor, 1007, 4715. Gray, Thomas (Poet), 2328, 4218. Qreelky, Horace, 4281. Qrebn, Mrs. Nathaniel, 3113, Gbeqory VII., Pope, 2889. 4445, 471.3. GIIEIIORT Xll., 4611. GitEuoRv XIII , Pope, 8887. (iliK.oiPliY (llie DoHCoiM, 5197. GliEdoitY, I'refcct, 3.'1M5, GllEuoiiY op TiiiiiiH, 5577. GiiENVii.i.E Georgu (Statesman), 481.3, 5517, .5717. (liiENVii.i.E, William W.,5868. GiiKVu.i.E, Fnlk, VHii. GuiMsiiAW, Uev. William, 3708. GiiiNDAL, Areliblrtliop, 1915. GUATIMii/.IN, 71 1. GuiDo, 5134. (^Ul^'l^u^I), Ilohert, 200, 1271, 6(K)8, Oliisi-:, Duke of, IKMi, (H)66. GriiDUN, 1845. GliBTAViJS II. (Addlpli s), -IM',', OrsTAVfh III., 211.1, GtiHTAVi'M .\n,, 4174. GUTENIlEim, JollU, III).".. Guy, 1214. Guy, Kurl of Warwick, 6<,KI7. GUYDT OP MaIISEII.I.EH, 2,19, GYLirrus, .5593. IIaduian, Emperor, 6009. IlAPNA,.3*l8. IIahnkmann, llr,, 5:185, llAKEM, 5001, Hale. Matthew, ia52. Hale, Nathan, 1430, 1 1 ales, Sir Edward, ,5788. Halifax, Lord, 11:12, 1610.8231,3031, .30.')«, 48.58, 4311. 1919, .5717. Hall, Bishop TlmoUiy Hall, 8922, 4812, Hamilton, Alexander, ia5, 1461, 1747, 87-18, Hamilton, Andrew, 11,18, Hamilton, James, 4861, 1Ia.mii.ton, Lady. 00-17, Hamilton, Sir William, fiO-17. Hampden, John, 31.39, ■lO.'W, 1041. Hamza, 60.56. Hanapoud, Thomas, -1003. Hanniuai., HiOO, 2121, 2-18-1, 8818, 3329. 3416, 4590, ryiiU, .MOO, 58-18, .5890. 5938, 6160. IIanway, Jonas, 4656. Hauuiieaves, James, 512, 2968. Harlay (IF Paris, 4172. IIau.moZan, 1469. Harold 11., 1044, 2467, 2604, 3,S:!0, 3840, 4678 Harrison, Benjamin, 8510. Harry, " Black," 4:189. Harun al K„siiid, 4592. Harvard, John, 2288. Harvey, Dr., 628. Harvey, Governor Sir John, 5888. Hastinoh, Warren, .5879. Hathaway, Anne, 349:). Hayne, Senator, 5329. Hayward (Author). 4189. Hector, Mr., 2799 Helen, 5910. Helena, 58£J. Helmichis, 1892. Hemino, Edward, 3897. Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans, 4382, 4688, 4931, 748 INDKX OF I'KUSONAI. NAMKH. P I Hrnrt I. OF Bnoland, 8907, 4317. IIkniiy II. OP Knoi.ani), Wn, iMOO, amil. 4tK)ft, .IKM, ftft41, HUft. IIkniiy III. <>k Kn(ii,\ni), 18i.4, 1360, l!t7tl, aiilir, 8f»M, 4«I5, 4l»!{7. IIrnhy IV. or BnulanI), 471, 1041, 3701. Hknuy VI. or Enoland, 4aft5, 68(«i, 5097. Uii.Niiv VII. or Enui.and, 431,9755, 302;i, ;J16*1, 3(119, 4057, 4075, 5487. IIkniiy VIII. or Knoi.anii, P3, 4.S.\, 468, 608, 1!)45, 1403. 1788, 1734. 17)5, 19,\5, S()33, 211)2. 3444, 3774, 3K')a. 4103, 4.301, 48;W, 4*58, 44.57, 4^56, 4741, 4980, 6074, .M88, 5610, .57,50, ooon. Hknuv IV., Emperor, 4778. IIkniiy V.,H10. IIkniiy VI , Emperor, 4014. IIkniiy II. or Kiianck, .380. IIkniiy III. or Fkanck, :^t, 1011. 5800,0000. IIkniiy IV. or ''hanck, 300<», 4747. IIkniiy V. or Fhanck, 3080. IIkniiy VI. or Fuanck, 9008, .'KWO. Hknuy, .loliii, .5001. IIknhy, Duke of Somcr8et, .5030. Hknuy or Lancastkii, 5;i81. Hknuy, Patrick, 3144, 4057, .5WM, 018.3. Hknuy, I'riiice (Son of Ilciiry II. of England), 2863. IlKriI.fC8TION, 2890. IlKUACLllTS, 1810, 2158. IIkuacliti'm. ,3.5ta. IIkubkut, Kdwiud, 1^02. Hkuculeh, 288, 1614, 4572, 4708, 5462. IMOl. IlKUCl'LKIUS, 3743. IIkukpouI), Hif'liop of, 4044. IIkuicuki., William, l.'i4. IlKiiTroui), Earl of, 40.5.5. Hkuvky, Henry, 2465. Hkwlinu, Benjamin, 2.5;W. Hick, Samuel, 4;^86. IlicKs, Mrs. (Wllch\ 0027. HiKUo. King. 4600. Hind (Heroine). 00.56. HoBiiKs, Tliomai-, 3vM0. HodO, JaiiieH, 2001. Hoi.MKK. Abraham, 1850. HoMEu, 2317. e, William, 3203. lA, .34.3<>. 3470. onius. 1807 1877, 3842, ,5393. Hood, General .T. 15.. 3175. Hook, Theodore, 2058 Hooi-Kii, Bishop, 1233, 3607, 4016, .5600. HoRAPK, 1.^3. 825. HoiiMoL-/, 2900. IloUTKNHirB, 3160. Houston, Sam, 1809, 3251, 3404, 3726. Uov.Aiii), John, 122, 145, 378, ,513, 616, 541, 548, 800, 1346, 14,50, 1676, 1840, 2125, 2.)52, 2007, 3445, .3050, ,3872, 4002, 4163. 4164, 4165, 4102. 4430, 46,56.4860, 4078, ,5,571, 5651. 5721. HoWK, Elias, 8765. 2974, 4344, 6405. HowK, General Sir William, 1589, 4645,4842,6116. HowK, Oenurai Uobert (Amerlrani, 48?.J. IIowK, Riehard (luirl and Admlrnli, 40:).|. lltiiiKiiT, 8erge»nt. 8880. IluimoN, Henry, 3757. HiKiiiKs, MiifBarel, 6108. Ilri.i., General, 1878. IIliMK, David, 28S8, 2881. IIunnk, aichard, B78. IIUNNEiiic, 8624. Hi'NT, LelRh. 1689. Huntinooo,). Lady, 590, 649, 1804, 20.56. HuHKK. Mr., 5074. IIl'ss, J.jhn, 1018, 1064 HtiTciliNsoN, Anne, 6l;«. HiiTciiiNHoN, Colonel, 8944. lIl'TciiiNgoN, Gov. Tlum., 4101, ,5008. IlrTCliiNHON, Lucy, 6106. Hydk, Anne, 6177, (i039 Hyi'atia, 0078. Hyi'kuhoi.ijh, 4897. Inolis, Charlci, 4314. Inooi.dsby, (lolonel, .3687. Innocknt hi.. Pope, 40,31, 40.35, 4941, 4918, 4048. Innocent X,, Pope, 849 Innocent XL, Pope, 8011. Innocent XIII., Pope. 1601, 8719. Ii BNK, Wife of Alexius, 2700. lUKNK, Wife of Conmantine, 180. Iukton, Bridget, 6070. IiiETON, Henry, 4851. IliviNO, Wftsliinnton, 626, 2581, 2.5;i5, 2580, 27,34, 3286, 8.351, 8771, 6190. Isaacs, Archbishop, 4724. Isabella, Wife of Kichard II., 3141. Isabella, (iueen of Spair, 4182, 6499, 0000. .Iaapak, 2,567. Jackson, Andrew, President, 105, 749, imi3, 2647, 3192, 3331, 34.53, 3773, 3796, 6086. Jackson, Mrn. Andrew, 6216, 6960, 5999, 6086. Jackson, Dr. Charles S., 2989. Jackson. " Stonewall,'' 1463, 2226, 6-.>28. Jacob, Son of Leith, 2618. Jamblicuus, 6212. Jamks I., 61, 583, 019, 194.5, 21,51, 2843. 2428, 2932, 4478, 4036, 4683, 4!H)6, ,5015, 5415, 5620, 5634, 5705. James II., 248. 300, 312, 315, 817, 598, .577, 788, 019, 100,5, 1004, 1110, 11.3.3, 1194, 1216, 1364, 1655, 1836, 1843, 1036, 1978, 2007, 2169, 2203, 2427, 8530, 2,590, 2605, 2779, 2880, 2842, 88,54, 2890, 2903, .3a39, ,3082, 3138, 8177, ,3230. 3388, 3,528, 3547, a>19, .3585, .3617, .3682, 3720, 3750, 3»41, 38,53, .3854, 3R55, 4008, 4000, 4034. 4085, 4121, 4180, 4230, 4240, 4268, 4384, 4426, 4461, 4510, 4.563, 4696, 4091, 4795, 4812, 49.37, 495i, 49.58, 5046, 50,54, 5060, 5177. .5334, .5.361, 5376, .5,378, 5723, 5789. 5791, 6961, 5990, 6059, 0068, 6084, 0822. jAMitt IV. or Scotland, 97&A. Jamks V. or Scotland, 3619 Jamkk V ,.306. ! Jameson, Colonel, 1603. ! JAioN. 5807. Jasi'a)!, SerReant, 2151 ' Jkannk I)k DivioN, 2192. ' Jbannk or Navaiiur, 499. JErrKUsoN, Peter, 6885. JhrrRltsoN, Thomas, 704, 107H, 18.37, 1814, 9.306. 9486, 2770, 3090, ;)356, j 6371. ' jErriiKYs (ChlofJustlce), 1790, 1842, 2862, 2888, 888it, 8900, ,'«)37, .3067, 3008, .3767, 4091, 48l:>, 5175, 6108, 6901, 6081. Jeiiau, Shah, Kmperor, 6061. Jknkinb, Cuptuln Koberi, 6S87. Jknnkii, Edward, 5762. Jknninos, Frances, (5068. Jenninsh, Sarah, 60.59,6071. Jkumack the Cossack, 4082. Jkkomk, Chaiincey, 600, S531, 80i«, lotis, iTi-j, niwi, iMiii, la'iH, ii'wu, iiKift, ijiKi, i'M\. S2-."^I, !i:iuu, it:)lo, «Ml, -mi, 3:t.'iH. ■^ini, ^-mo, smub, 'iK», 'iV.ll, ailfill, '.'TOH, !J714, 8770, 8781, ariti, '.J71W, ;!'.«(». m*, xm, ai-n), ."MIH, 8-lllt, M'il, mH), 3WW, 8B»W, .S.S7I, .'1778, ;)H()7, '1088, 4088, 41H(), 4iifl7, 4!iH(l, 4;JI7, 4S1», 4;)6a, 48.ir), 4857, 1377, 1.19H, 14B0, 44Sa, 44M, 4S!MI, 4(K'J, 47r.->, 5180, 5IS3, 5'J17. M;«, W(»3, 558.3, 6770, 5777, 5970, im-4. IU77. JoiiNHUN, Mrf. SniiiucI, 00O8. JoNKH. C'tilof-JiiBtlco, ;«)89. JoNKH, I'liul, 015, 818, 1748, .VWS. .lOHKi'il II., Einpiror, 77H, 6781. JOMKPIITIIK (UIIIZ.M1AN, 4151. JiiHKi'.'iNK, KlupruvB, 101, 178, 10UU, l««it, .'JW), 4:h-I, 5085. 5111. JoviUM (tho I'rtroit), 384« JOYIK, MllttlllllH, -^'151. JuiiA, 1101, •J71M1, 5161. .Ii!i)K, QriinditoiiH of St., 880H. JlM.lAN, KmiHTor, 108.3, 1007, ItWl, 80»l, 85!.5«, a.'iOl «54». 8787, 8771, 8801, 3068, 3111, 8191, 3608, 4114, 441-,', 40HO, 4880, (894, 51.55, 5401, 5007, ,505!l. JiLiANCs l»ii)ius, ,3078, 3678. iIuLilis, EinpiTor, ,5003. Jui.iUH n., I'opc, 11, 934. JuiMTKU, ,5143, 5401, ,5869, 0159. JUHTIN TIIK Kl.DEK, 8780. Jl'htinian, Emperor, 4, 8019, 4533, 5078, 5979, (H)57. iIiraTiNiAN II., 49<>1. Ji'HTiNiANi, .John, 1838. JrxoN, Bishop, 4098. Kadidjaii. See Cadijah. Kahlmtaut, OOO, 808-1. Kay, .lohn, 8998. Keith, Alexiinder, .343!.'. Kkitii, Robert Murray, 5781. Kkn, Bishop, 517. KlIALED, 1543. KiFFiN, William, 2903. KlLDAitE, Kurl of, 4957. KiNd, Samuel W., 4027. KiBK, General, 5845. K.sKLLKn, Sir Godfrey, 8507. Knox, John, 581, 35(M, 4iir>3, 4959, 0074, 6095. Knox, Colonel Henry, 5868. Kosciusko, a'!41. Kossuth, Louis, 5408. LiBTA, 0044. LyETUs, 5743. Lapatettk, 170, 210, 2285, 8504, 3213, 3810, 3820, 4056, 4318, 4319, 4774, 5851, 6188. La Hire, Oencral. 2309. Lallkmand (the Missionary), 3508. Lambert, Samnel, 2756. Laniiriivii.i.k (MUiiloiiaij), 8381. I I vMfADUm, .5788. t .Mii.EY, KoKer, 3031. LANNKM,()ciiiral , lean, 8834. Latimkii. BUhop, 1833, 4S1M), 5119, 0117. Laudkiidai.I'., 4487. Law, John, 81.H, 8278, 3066, 5283. Lawiiinc'8, Captain JameB, 1863, 8570. Lk Caiion ithe Munk), 8686 Lkk. Ueiieral CharlsH, 4480, 4789. Lkk, Blchard Henry, 8790 Lek, General Honry, 19S8. 4089, 6018. Lkb, General Robert E., 1045, 8880, 5833, .5471, 598fi. Lkk, Thomas, 1571. LkFoiit, Admiral, 5091. Lkntuluh, 16,54. Lko, Archbishop, ,'>086. I.Ko, Emperor, 4651, 513(1 Lko X., I'ope, 711, 8808. 4260. LHONATUB, .3800. Lkonidas, 5008, 5870, Lkopolu, Duke, 6404. Lki>ii)Uh, 198. I.KPTiNKa, .5474. L'EsTliANUK, Roger, 44.39. Lktitia (Mother of Napoleon 1.), 3780. Lewis IX., 3858. Lkwih, CoLinel Fielding, 6084. Letdbn, John, 678;i LiANL'ouiiT, Due dc, 6098. LiciNius, 1818. LiciNius Stolo, 6710. LiOAHius, 1977. Lincoln, General Benjamin, 5813, 6814. Lincoln, A., 52, 88, 99, 116, 847, 306, 373, 511, 514 534, 536, 667, 788, 765, 829, 830, 890, 1040, j309, 1476, 1488, 1756, 1787, 1789, 2060, 2864, 2597, 2677, 2078, 8739, 8844, 8977, 3104, 8237, 3278, .3575, 3670, 8588, 8640, 8861, 3737, 3810, .3870, 3887, 3888, 4(X)1, 4147, 4379, 4,380, 4421, 4422, 4559, 4680, 46.35, 4093, 4798, 4809, 5116, 53.39, 5406, 6497, 6641, 5708, 6787, 6800, 6973, 0108, 6200, 0813, 6217. LiNDLKY, Mary, 0116. Lindsay, Lord, 5784. Lisle, Alice, ;«)48. LiviNOSToNE, Chancellor, 4819. Llewellyn, 3475, 4898. Locke, John, 8130, 2070, 3380, 5305, 5556. LoDBKOo, Regner, 1417. LoLLiA, Paulina, 3369. LoNOCHAMP, 1651. LoNOiNus, 1,369. LoNGSTREET, General, 71. Loudoun, Lord, 5911. Louis n'OuTKKMER, Kiuf;, 4982. Louis VI., 1198. Louis VII., 5701, 0142. Louis IX., 1580, 1729, M13, 3821, 586.3, 6170. Louis X., 2929. Louis XI., 5891, 5742. Lot;iH XII., 8S00, 8461. LouiR XIII , 1171,1851, '1860. LoriH XIV., 8llt, 02O, Vn, 1219 1597, lOTl, 8118, 8809, 8'.7a, 84W, 808.3, 8041. aoil, !).'I81, 88U3, 36M, 4119, 4144, Vm, 4miA, 6803. Love (Alderman), 3118. Lovelace, Governor, 66.'13. Loyola, IgnatluK, 758. LuciAN c)F Jkiiuhalkh, 4071. LUCILI.A, 3(X)3. LuciUH OsTU's, 4000. LuciiETiA, 5780, 0149. LucuLl.tiH, 1,395, t.51K), ;W89. Luke, St., 4075, 4677, ,5013. LupiciNUH, 1624. LuTHKu, Martin, 8, .M, 93, 138, 166 8.57, 807, .3.50, 497, 606, 607, 000, 701, 1098, 11.59, 1168, 116.3, 1178, 1841, 14.3.3, 1-186, l.W), 1731, 1793, 1811, 1880, 1879, 1888, 1983, 8110-J, 8081. 8088, 3101, 8289, 3388, VM, 8.'>4;!, 3480. 4450, 4506, 4r)73, 4033, 40.'- H, 4608, 4709, 4889, 5320, .^377, 57(i'.l, 5735, 5801, 61,56. Lycuhouh, 999, 1751, 1808, 1817, 18'J3, 8191, 8347, 3104, 3804, 3.305, 3-li)9, 3,530, <«1.55, 4008, 5109, .5-138, 5759, 5958, 0137. Lyon, Matthew, 85. Lybandeh, 8-15, 8;j80, 306-1, 5593, 5636, 6989, 0144. Macaulay, Thomax B., 5,347. Malaulay, Mrs., 5817. Maccail (Scotland), 8098. MacCuea, ,Iaiie, 5108. MacDonai.i), Flora, 0185, Maceh, Licinlus. 1003. Maclachlan, Margaret, 4142. MaciOdeoiian, 13;30. Madison, Tresident J., 5873. Maqaliiaens, Admiral, 1981, 8140. Maodalen, Mary, 4609. Maumud, 173, 270.5, 30(«. lk.Aii(>MKT, 175, 493, 524, ,544, 656, 800, 801, 838, 918, 1033, 1184, 1.378, 1401, 1438, 1431, 1433, 1436, 1408, 1.568, 10.30, 1013, 1931, 1944, 2070, 2184, 3180, 2198, 8377, 8495, 2,540, 2544, 2548, 2588, 2589, 8072, 2073, 3045, 3073, .3218, 8148, .•i638, 3733, 3835, 3815, 4809, 4210, 4.3.33, 4,381, 4525, 4629, 4740, 4748, 4752, 4898, 5077, 5132, 5871, 5491, 6568, 5866, 6070, 6i;m. Mahomet IT., 202, 005, 707. 1896, 5379. Mahomet III., 4967. Majorian, Emperor, 1654, 3471. Malek, 4197. 750 INDKX OK PKItSONAl- NAMKH. Mai.mkiiiiiiy, Lord, 4(llli. Mai.i.kt, 'i\m. Ma/.i.h a, imo Mam.ka, .'Hilt). Mamki.i'KK Knih lltHAHii, Bhiin. Mani Kl.. I'riiicn, I'II7. Maiiat, .Iran I'ltiil, AIOI. Maiicm.i.i'n, I(|n|ii>|), IMH. Maiicki.i.ik, KWH, awKl. Ma ltd A, l.Wl. MAiti ii«, 1*«, l.VM). Maikib Ajmiki.ii'h, nxi, ItlTB, r/.ia, •i;io.'i. MAiti0, 32i0, 3807, 3310. ai88, 3100, 35f)9, 3T:t2, 4108, 4257, 44.r>, 4.MII, 4686, 521*:), harX 5374, 6211, 6219. jIii.To.n, Mrn. ,101111,60(10. MiNKIlVA (GoddeHB), 5461. MiNoH, 60B1. MisrcruM, 2086. MiM'iT, I'eler, 2997, .5769. MiriiiiiDATKH, 1265, 8.V2.3, 4069, 4S84. MlXAM, 4361, M'Kkndukk, HiHliop, 8033. Mo(TAI)KU, M8:i, 3842. Moi;z,.S674. Moi.i.Y, Captuin, 4078. Mol.iic, Mulo.v,2,'')61. Monk, General, 2718, MoNMoi'Tii, Diiko of, 1412, 1938, SI 19, 2510, S757, 8758, 3-1.57, 4323, 5 1:19. MoMloK, JameH (I'icsldent), 4819. Montcalm, General, 145.'',, 1191, 2940. MoNTKZUMA, 2491, 2063, 2728, 4088, 5440. MoNTFouT, Dertrnde do, 18.58. MoNTrouT, i^l'jaiiorB de, 3175. MoNTPoKT, Jane de, 6012. MoNTMouKNCY, ConBtalile, 5913. MoNTfENHIKH, Ducliei-H of, 6092. MoNTuosK, Lord, 1448. Moonv, Colonel, 4387. MouUAUNT, Charles, ,5892. MouK, Hannah, .57.36. Moke, Sir Thomas, 1117, 2372, 5679. Morgan, General Daniel, 1S8;1 MoKOAN, John, 4809. MoiKJAN, William, .5477. MoRius, Robert, 3390, 30.59, 40,53, 4R72. Mouse, San.uel F. U., 2981, 2989, 4030. MouToN, Dr. William T. O., 2-334, .5410. Morton, JiidRC (England), 492,3. MouTON, Miss (Mrs, J. Qiilncy), 5202. MosKs, 4.525. MoTASKKM, 2773. MoTT, Dr. Valentine, 3810,4026,5417, 5465. 7iIoi:i.TuiE, Colonel William, 650. Moi-uxoi ri.K, 4S(MI. Ml'i'ii'ii,8tt(VI MiKixi.KToN, Ludowick, aow). M'li.uiiAVN, Karl of. Kill, Sar John Kiiirri ■■.!>. MOLI.KU, GuotKO, 585, ,5-.«), 000, UHH. Um, 20115, 2037, 4718, Ml'NChii, 5884, MliHAT, 1917, 2H3». MlililiAY, Alexander, 30H.5. MniiiAY, Jainoii Stuart, 4801. MUUHAV, Mey, 31.J4. muotai'iia, 4416. Napoi.kon Honai'autk,24,58, 74, 115 178, 187, 229, 872, 879, 807, ;198, 452, 509, 592, 597, 610, (H7, 0(8, 699, 71.5, 751, 1012, 1152, 11,58, 1197, 1.321, 1.186, i:i51, 1419, 1489, 1495, 1B29, 1,'h17, 1575, 15H0, 10,50, 1665, It.OO, 1785, IHI8. 1890, 1917, 19;i:l, 8(H2, 2058, 2053, 2080, 2(MtO, 2201, 82.30, 22.12, 2289, 2882, 8;il9, WIO, 8:157, 2358, 2.519, 8020, 2038, 2080, 269:1, 8739, 8740, 8752, 88,30, 88.33, 28:U, 88.311, 2924, 3117, 3218, 3213, ;i.34(), a31H, ;i:i47, :W95, 8N52, 3,574, 3578, .3592, ;iB95, .3.590, .3780, .3727, .37:18, .'1826, :|85(), 4090. 4109, 42,M, 4367, 4:16K, ■I-!:'!, 4508, 4021, 4777, 4784, 48(W, 4844, 4802, 4891, 4905, 49.50, ,TO;i". BOtn, 5111, 6125, 6146, 5205, 6810, 52H7, 6328, 5.375, 6:180, 5il2, ,M80, I 54'.H, .M96, ,).5(M, ,5,718, 5,5.57, ,5012, 5614, 6615, .5023, B093, ,5707, 5718. 6809, 5827, 5900, 5911, 6021, 6059. 6180. Nai'oi-eon in., mm. NAitciHBUa, 6004. Nahu, Goiieriil Franeli<, 1608. Nabii, Thomas, 3.'«)3. Nasica, 8814. Nayi-kr, James, 2094. Nkii.e, Hisliop, 61. Nki.son, Admiral llorntio, 1.391, 1901, 2190, 8508, !«99, 4(W0, 48:)(), 6016, 6017. Nelson, Governor Thomas, 4066. Nelson, Uev. John, 1189, 27,51, 2S8.3, 4033. 4472, 4999, Neuo, 190, :m, .329, 10.58, 1110, \r,o, 1287, 1288, 1317, i:i.58, 1418, 1.5:12, 1932, 8072, 2140, 2.581, :V)09, 3721, 4140, 4;i26, 4309, 4.371, 45tiO, 4965, 4981, B260, 6179, 5482, (X115. Neuva, King, .57.5.5. Newcastle, Duke of, 1129, 1679, 8716, 2717, 2922, 42-33. Newpout, Captain, 4660. Newton, Isaac, 80, 108, 179, ;i79, 612, 1104, 1472, 1686, 1871, 8100, 2295, aaOc., 2.304, 2.340. 2575, 34'11, .3.543, 8648, 3794, 4032, 4.339, 41!»2, .5506, 5608, 57:J3, 6992, 6185, 6197. Newton, John, 1093, 3077. Newton, Rev. Kobert, 1815. NicANon, 0169. NicEPUoutiB, 4592. NlCETAB, 2211, NiciAS, 680, 194.3, 3070, 4897. NiMRoD, King, 82.54. NoRuis, Lady, ,5992. 17 INDKX OK l'KIUM>NAL NAME8. 751 , irss, , nm, asaa, inm, S7.H1I, 8N.SI*, Htm, .'iHtfd, ■i;)«N, 4H08, r.aio. Mao, r.(iia, (iOOD. NoiiTii, NIr Iliidli'y, lOHO. NoiiTli, KriinclH, a(»IU. NolTIIKIlUIN, SHIO. Ni'MA, wiH, :mhi, ;it;h>, 4086. NlIMITilH, .'WIM. NttiiHK. Kflii'ccii, Mm. NuTT. Juiiii, aia-i. OATKi, TIriii, 11H7, until, 9I«0. STOO, 4*41.1, l.'l.'i;. vm, tmn, MUi, (loivi. ()'(,'i>NNKii, Ki'urKilK, lltM). otTAviA, nv(i(), iKxir, uiau. OcrAViid, li«. <>I)KNATIIIIH, Ufl'Jf!. Odin, sJIIM), ii.Ma. OOII.VIK, l!i!M. OoLKTicciiiPK, (iovKnior JauitH, 038, til«l, 4aiHI, 4fiMT, oa&o. Oi.iVAiiib.iy), 5:W1. 0> YMI-IA, tIMd. u-.;aii, omii()1i, mil), y-ioo, aao7, aisa, ;iai(). mn. O'Nkal, IMidlm, 413a. Ol'PiL'n, 34()0. ().tKiiA;4, a387, atina. Oiii.KANH, Duke of, aiion, 8007. OliMONi), Diikcuf, I'lUU. ()|ICK(I|.A, .'IIM. orwai.i), r>i.'>, 03US. OTIIO, 1(M7. Otih, Jnint'H, .'^77. Otto, M . 1(M)7. Ottocaiiuh II , 1587. OiioiiTKEi), WiUluni, !Ab[). OunKi.KV. OIiUm)ii, lai.'l. OVKiiuiiiiY, Sir TlioiiiaB, 4330. P.Ki)Ar.ieTii8, 4008. Paine, Thoe:niH. ;1(), 1087. Paink. Tiiiiolliy, 'J03. 1'alamki)H«, aav'.i. l'Ai..«oi.<)oim, John, wm, .1704. I'ai..*;oi.()uuh, Mlcliiu'l, la, 1336. I'Ai.MKR, HiirtJiirii, 40Ha. Palmeii, Captain, 010.'>. Pai.mkk, UoKur, laaS. PM..MKIWTON. Lord, 140, 1311, 8170. Panfii.o i)K Narvaez. 8;j00, 3830. Paki«, Samuel, 0OJ4, OOaO. Parih the Tbo.jan. .VJIO. Paukek, lip. of Cantorhury. 8001. Paukeu, Bp. of O.xford, 3489, 3807. Pahkeb, Captain, .')881. Paukhuust, Ulsliop, 1016. I'AUMENio, 18ti. 3741, .'iS.'iU, 5880. Parry, Sir William, 77, 8047, 4405. Tahseus, 1807. PA11Y9ATIS, 48.55, 0048. Pascal, Blaisf, 3:534, 8741, 3686, 4335, 4081. Patkhi., 4514. Patuick, St.. 3037. Paul op Samasota, 8961. Paul, St., .5013, 5844. Paul III., Pope, 3016. Paul IV., Pope, 4939. Paula, 3683. Pausanias, 808, 1556, 3724, 5675. Peel, Robert, 563, 5609. Pelaoius, 1803. pKLoriDAt, 1369, 9n», sinrr, waa, 8375, 4477. Pknukiiki., ItUhKrd, 3461. I'KNN, Wllll»m, («)7, ir«7, 3tK)3, 3778, 3(MI, 3HH.%, »)M. .'IMN, lOHl, 40H7, 4004, 43&.'>, 4745. ATUI, 5730. Pknninuton, Captain, OUOV, Pkimn, 3IUt). PKlilJU't AM, 3088, 80UU. PHIIKNNIH, 1III3. pciiii'i.KR, 1 IU7. iroo, 8170, aaos, 4037, 41^., 4!Jai, 4708, 4778, 4833, ftAIH, 0(184. I'aiiiioNET, MiiN, 3634. i'KIITINAX, IO,V46tO, 5»lt. Pktkr the IJIIKAT, 380, 1194, 1408, 1U65, !.'I38, 8618, 3875, !)808, 6001, (H>IO, OaiN). I'KTKIITIIK IIekmit. l.'I^O, 17.t6, 6451. pKTEIt III. or III »IIIA,0O(H, Peter, St., 4070,5013,6150. Peteiih, IInul>. 8805. Petraimii, 081, 1335. Petiieiuh, 1411 1. Petty, HU Willlnni, 3071, 6871, 6874. Peyton, Major, 3100. PlIARAH, 3718. Pllli.iiiAH, 4177. I'liii.ii' the Acaunanian, 1048. Piiil.il' II. OK Si'AiN, 7IW, 8038, 8658, 3801, 1511,4039,5143. Piin.ic II. or Khan(:e, 1038, 4941. I'aii.ii- IV., IMO, 4399. I'lliLll- VI., 5090. PlllLil- V. okSi'ain, 2681. Pun. II- or IIeshe Cab>40, 5001, 5778. Pliny, 50.50, (Kiia. Pocahontas, 5007, 6097. PoE, Kdfjar A., 108-1, 8914, 8955, 4431, 5033, 6I9j. Pole, Cardinal, 2558. Polk, President, 870, 1267. POLYNICES, 3884. PoLYSPEHcnoN, 5938. Poltstratub, 5278. PdMPAliorn, MtrrhloMfM de, OOM). Pimrrv, 6, 177, 810. H77, UW, Kll, 93.\'l, .<386, •M*\, 8805, .'1.107, HDM^ 3810, ilHOI, 4014, 4IHNI, 49.'>il, 48.53, 4861, 4:,'l, 1*16, 41.M, IMH.|, I!t30, 6147, 6710, 6810, 0H38, 6033, 6030, 0310. P"lll"KlA, 6170. PoMi-oNiUH. 4060. PoNKT, Ulnhop, .1018 PoNTIl'ii, imil. 8008, 5080. Pope, Ali'xundrr d'ovt), a3a8, 3313, !i:ll7, .'«)6(1, 4103 I'oPP.KA, 4371, 4.105. PoilHKNA, 38t>4. I'oilUr', 1588. PoHTI'MllM, .5708. PoUNliK, John, 5015. Powhatan, 8<.M11, 4713, t»87. I'llKHfoTT, (iriKral Oliver, 5107, 6051. PuKMToN, Captain, 3517. PlIKTONI'.IH MA.\miI(l See Maximi'h. Price, (ienerul (ConfeihTate), .Miio. I'UIIIK, Colonel. 4!KII. PniDKAi'X, Kdnuind, .'totl7. PltiNCE, Itov. Henry. 3335. PlioBUH, Emperor, 88;i. 310, 1093,8818. PnocTon, (ieneral, 8N17, PlIo.MAClllH, 8918. PlloToOKNI'H. 0815. I'liYNNf:, Wlllliim. 8(M0, 4466, 6588. Ptoi.kmy, .'ttMili. 4985 PtoI.k.my, Soter, .'1840. y'ui.cMElilA. 58.15. PiKKFoY, Wllllani.OOU I'lllK'MH, 1180. PrTNA.M, Inrnel, 1891. 40.30, 0115. I'YiiitiUH, 1071. 11(H), 3765, 419r, 6815, 5038. I'YTIIAOOIIAB, 4709, 5809. Pythkah, 4484. Pythics, 4881,5731. (iUKiioN \ii.i.K, Mademoiselle, 0085. (Quince, Parker, 88!«. tiriNCY, JohIhIi, 1751, 8737,3888,3887, 4-.'38, 4:)88, .58(10, 5Ji;8, ticiNTus Sui.i'ii.irs, 10H.5. RaikK!*, Robert, 40.50. Rai.eium, Walter, ll.'lO, 18-14, 2747, 3,585. Rapmakl, 340. Raymond, Count, 4067. Reoulus, Attilius,.5(i81. Rem toil's, Binhop, 0046. Rkmis, 390,078. Ri:vkke, Paul, ,5881 Reynolds. Sir Jo^'hiia, 44.58. Rich. Edmund, 3180.3711. Richard I., 181.5, 1360, 1473, 1606, 8IW, 8H53, 38,58, 3081, 3770, 4830, 4014, 5480. ,5947. Richahd II., am, ,5381. Richard III., 842, 1789, 3742. Richelieu, 1473. 2184, 2^188, 2851, Riddellb in Scotland, 3761. RiD' EY, Bifhop, 4915, 0147. RiKNZi, 1892, 2576, 4443, 45.'31. RiTSON, Joseph, 6783. KT./I 7;)i» INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES. iti Kixzio, Secretory of Mary Stuart, S(i«7 a^Sl. 1916. UoBKiiT, Count of ArtolB. aiiW. •' KlIIIKItT TUh Dkvil," liVtHj. H")B':iiT, Emperor, 4803. RoBKllT TUB NollMAN, lOO-l. UoBKiiTH, Ulshop, 1860. Kc iKSPiKUKK. a370, 448a, 'i73\>. l{<)iiiN8i)N (i'uritaii puHtof ), 4r3!.v Kodlh-fr.ii, '.ord, 14T1, 1010, .HTiOO, 36o;<, 3874, l!87.'j, 191l», TAHi, !5889 lioDDA, Richard, 4fi5(). iioDKHlOO, li048. Uoui)M-il, 1587. Rdidiiuu'iZ, J.iaii, 3, 3350, 3672, 37(M, 4211, 5223, 5993. I Shelley, Mrs., 5429,5993. Shelley, Timothy, .3704. Sheridan, Ricliard B., 29,V2. Sherman, Gen. T., 3175, 6114, !)807. Shirley, Sir Antony, 5629. Short, Dr. Thomas, 4170. Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, 2602. Shrew8Bc:.y, Earl. See Charles Talbot. Sidney, Algernon, 2785, 5676. Sidney, Henry, r).'j02 SieyJ;s, Abbe, 4814. SiQisMDHD, ELnperor, 1918, 4188. 81LENU8, 2.386. SiLLius, CaiUB, 6064. SiMoNiDES, 4569. SlWARD, 6173. SixTUa v.. Pope, 4939. Skelton, Martha, .33ii'i. Skippon, General, 4378. Smith, Captain John, 80, 1848, 8711, 2961, 3198, 3803, 4877, 5097, 5441. 5458, 6087, 6153. Smith, Dr. Thomas, 3S67. Smith, Rev. Thomas, 5000. Smithson, Jumes, 1818. Socrates, 700, 1256, 1451, 0089,3147, 3503, 3700, 4.5,'>0, 4557, 50.50, 505J, 5870, 5677, 5733, 6018, 6084, 6158. SoLiMAN (the Caliph), 8926. Solon, 129, 1230, 1399, 14tH, ;«)06, 3155, 3159, 43,59, 4886, 5019, 5':43. Solyman, 2562, 5845. Sonbpield, Madame de, .5741. Sophia, Princess, 6040, 6206. 80UTHEY (Poet), 566, 1782, 5103, 5341, 6148. Spalatin, 1241. Spanus, 1479. Sparks, Jared, 3094. Spartacuc, .'5200. Sfrat, Bishop, 922. Sta£l, Madame dc, 6059. St. Clair, Geaeral, 56. SvANDtsH, Miles, S:j, 880, 6901, 5900. Stanton, Secretary, 110. Statira, 4865. Steele, Richakd, 1037. Stephen III., Pope, 3190. Stephen, St., 4071, 4075. Stephenson, Robert, 639, 1777, 4089. Steuben, Baron, 1623. Stevens, Alexander H., 3285, 4*38. STHENNiS, .3819. Stillinofleet, Bishop, 7. Stilpo, 3097. HTILPON, 5982. Stoneman, General, 4007. Stork (the Fanatic), 58;M. Stormont, 212. Story, George, 2518. Story, Judge, 5806. Stratio, 2822. Strafford, Lord, 109, 120, 822, 1407. 1545, 1934, 1962, 2919, .'i860, 4840. Stratonice, 4884. St. Ruth, 1221. Stuart, Mary. See Mary Stuaht. Stupen, Major-Oeneral, 5126. Stuyvebant, I'eter, 6418, 5473. Stylites, Simeon, 4706 .5012. Suetonius Paulinus, ,'i5)5. SULHN, Von der, 20.52. SULPICIANUS, 3678. Sunderland, Lord, 1186, 1594,2118. 2266, 2907, .5676. Sund- \nd. Lady, 5676. SUR! .Jarl of, 6460, 5893. SuTTh.., John A., 8392, 2679. SuWARoFp, General, 3619. Swedenboro, Emmanuel, 188, 688, 914, 91ii, 9.58, 1442, 1539, 2.541, 2658, 2818, 3281, 3449, 1554, 3577, 5308, 5309, 5311, 5606, 5678, 5681, 5847, 6207. Swui'T, Jonathan (Dean), 2386, 4016, ^or. Sylla, .95, 2767, 2788, 8820, 8877. 388?, 5107, 6452, 6210. Syl^anus, Constantine, 1859. Sylverius, I'ope, 5162. Sysioambib, 2220. Tacitus, 2886, 2624. Talbot, Charles, 22.33. TiLBOT, "Dlclc," 8699, 8802, 4270, 6177, 6032. Talleyrand, 4199. Tambiran, Arumaga, 2588. Tanjous, .5718. Tarik,4841. Tarleton, Coloael, 8902. Tarpeia, 5698. Tarquin, 43, 3062, 3176, 5022, 6786. TAH(jniKIA, 0139. Tarquinius Supkbbub, 3163. Tasso, 3305. Taylor, Elizabeth, ,3403. Taylor, Dr. Rort-land, 679, 1283, 8073, 3403, .3507, 4779. Taylor, General Zach«ry, 4ft41. Tbleclides, 1943. Tglemachus, 885. Telford, 4610. Tkmuoin, 4631, 6682. INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES. 753 iOOl, fi900. 77,4088, 5, 4aS8. 122, 1407, 1846. TUAllT. •3. 94,2118. 83, 583, 1, 2658, r, 5308, , 5847, }, 4016, I, 8877. 4276, '86. 1233, Tkiiknck (I'oft), 8690. Tkiirntia, 3460, 6130. Tetzkl, 2802, 2803, 4300. 51,^, .')164. '"'iiACRKAr, 1310, 1506, 8834. Til \L\», 380, 8717, 5580, 5600, 6157. Thkjiah, 6088. TiiKllisTn(;i,K8, IM, 180, 6:35, 819, 1004, 2191, 21U0, 2387, 285«i, 8169, 3467, 4816, 4375, 4664, 5078, 5261, 6-J83, S543 Thkodoua, 1844, 1583, 2019, 4305, 4.Vi5, (i057. TiiKoDoiiK LahcauisII., 2609, 4803. TiiKoDOKic, 79, 164, 201, 1115, 2067, 2115. 2607, 8637, 3720, 5136, 5<«)0. Tni;oD()Hius,.'>98, 1878, 3.520, 4105, 5212. Tiiicoi'inLUs, Emperor, 3057, 348.'). Thkuesa, Maria, 3712, 4036, 48 '9, 6()75. 'I iiKSKUs, 254, 967, 2126, 2500, 4678, 6051. TiiKspis, 3006, 5592. TiiKSTK, 6099. Thomas, St., 4670. 'j'lioMi'soN, Benjamin (Count ^urn- ford), 4503. Thompson, Sallie, 2628. Thuasyiuilus, 3222. TiiuocKMoHToN, Sir Nicholas, 3050. Thucvdidks, 4150. TiBBnius, Emperor, 1763, 4981. TiQiiAN KS, 3829. Tilly, General, 5884. Timoclba. 6096. TiMoN (the Athenian), 6386. TiMOTHKUS, 2213. TiMOTUKtTs (the Milesian), 3745. Timothy, St., 4677, 5013. TiMouii. 89, 1!>5, 205, .309, 615, 741, 114!!, 1337, 1,367. 1368, 1371, 1579, 2262, 2379, 2499, 2661, 2805, S811, 3179, 3392, ailO, 4,543, 4837, 5214, 6313, 5645, 5894, 5920, 5987, 6168, 6171, 6184. TiniBAZus, 5773. TiTLBA, ti024, 6028. TiTtJS, Emperor, P81, 430/, 5565. Titus Manlius, 5;84. Too UUL, 2769. ToTiLA, 2079. TowNSEND, Charles, .5381. TuAJAN, Emperor, W7, 1893, 3873. TllKBATIUS, 1294. TiiEVOR, Sir John, 666, 1214. Tkton (Conspirator), 1136, TULLUSi H,)BTII.IUg, 4086. Tunnell, John, 2.398. TuRisuND, 2645. TUHNERB, 6118. Tyler, President, 4275. Tyndalb, 5C6. Tyuconnel, Lord Lieutenant, 3161, 3214, 3899, 5830, 5263, 6108. Udiastes, 4a55. Umphraville, Gilbert de, 6746. Underhill, John, 4771. Urban the FouNnER, 707. UusiNi, Martin, 4531. /albnb, Emperor, 8-36, 91o. Valbntinian, 8876, 8797. Valeria, 4800. Van Buhi-n, President, 51.4169,4885, 4251, ,5285. Vane, Henry, 1414, 14^11, 2039, 32U, Xm, 4313. Varro, 1009. Vataoes, John Ducas, 1766. Venner, Thomas, 2*^1, 2093. Venus, 6'378. Veratius, 2868. Verrazzani, 3787. Verres, Senator, 1810. Vespasian, Emperor, 284.5. Veturia, 0101. Victoria, Queen, ,361,862. VioiLius, Pope, 2079, 6162. ViLI.EMONOlS, 6789. ViL' iER», Elizabeth, 6007. Vili.iers, George, 494, 8416. VlRAPLACA. 6301. ViROiL, 10:M, 2341, 4524. VlTELLI, 54.36. ViTELLius, 3371,3879. Voltaire, 3, 2155, 2825, 2809, 3008, 4437, 6170. Wadsworth, Joseph, 1888, 5474. Wadsworth, Captain William, 4907. Walker, Andrew, 5044. Walker, George, 927. Walker, Hovenden, 2026, 5390. Walkek, I.. P., 5940. Walker, Obadinh, 5043. Wallace, William, 8818, £560. Wallenstein, 42ftl. Waller, Edmund, 664. Walsh, " Gallows," 5309. Waltkrb, Lucy, 8470. Warbeck, Perliin, 2756. Ward, Artcmus. See Brjwnb, Charles F. Ward, Sal'.ie, a&44. Ware, Thomas, 8640. Warenne. Earl, 4902. Warwick, 1619, 4265, 27,'>5. Wa.iiiinoton, Georoe, 55, 50, 76, 97, 809, 1447, 1541, 1589, 1784, 1788, 1798, 1840, 1873, 1926, 2090, 2308, 2342, 2420, 2611, 2033, 20.35, 27.37, 2748, 2708, 2?S0, 2830, 2iir(i, 3102, 3195, 321(), 3235, 3274, .3;i0(i, •3400, 3407, ,3551, ,3738, 3771, 10.53, 4005, 4;i82, 4480, 4020, 40.34, 4781, 4790, 4842, 4873, 4014, 4001, 5211, 5302, 5:«9, .5;»2, 5485, 5503, 5018, 5817, 58,53, 6941, 5040, 0001, 6115, «191, 0194, 0204. Washington, George, King of Siam, 3081. Washington, Col. William, 2726, 2902. Washington, Mrs, (Mother of G.), 3;W0, 005.3, 6208. Wat, William, 3434. Watson, George, 2795. Watson, Rev. Richard, 8615. Watt, James, 562, 689, 2316, 8975, 2979, 2987, 2993, 3642, 3580, 4402, 6063.5664. Webster, Daniel, B61, 70.3, 8133, 4056, 4310, M2», 5604. Wkdowood, Joslali. 2073. Weed, Thurlow, 3181. Wkllinoton. Duke of, 1750, 3a30, ;«88, 8817, ,5809, .5030, Wentworth. Henrietta, 8516. 3457, Wehi.ey, Charles, 702, 1087, 5080, 6881. Wesley, John, 110, 138, .S58, 518, 549, .588, 008, 1080, 1128, 1140, 1180, 1234, 1819, 2111, 2190, 3116, 3205, .3.597, 4472, 4703, 4768, 5173 nKVl, 5966, .5978. WESLr:Y, Samuel, 119, 922, 4280. Wesley, Susanna, !i58, 704, ,5267, 0034. V/E8T, Captain, 5288 Whalley, Edward, 4000. Wharton, Lord Thomas, 3750, 5203. Wheeler, General, 4847. WuiTLocK, General (Whitefeathcr), 1271. White, Colonel, 3328 White, Governor, 15;M. White, Thomas, 2801. Whitepield, George, 2029, 26.50, .3387 4770, 4901,0217. Whitelock (Ambassador), 4.390. Whitoipt, Bishop, 41.38. Whitney, Eli, 88, 2988, 8991, 3113, 311,5. Whitworth, Lord. 2519. WiLBBRPORCE, William, 2208, 49S6 5030. Wilcox, General, a380. Wii.DMAN, Jolin, 4821, WiLHELMiNA. Princess, 5741. Wilkinson, Catherine, ,531. WiLLAN, James, 5321. WiLLiA.M I. (the Conqueror), 436, 726, 1064, 1415, 1022, 258.3, 87i6, 3229, 53.35, 59;a. William II. (the Redi, 1091, 1007 1300, 5526. William IIL (Prince of Orange), 121. 666, 1010, 1002, 1.505, 1851, 1802, 1897, 1919, 1984, 1973, 8136, 8147, 2194, 2223, 22.34, 2235, 2589, 2656, 2664, 2681, 2685, 2090, 2702, 3010, 3063, 3410, 3546, 3573, 3500, 36.33, 3892, 4024, 4020, 4111, 4229, 4200, 4280, 4404, 4448, 448,8, 4540, 4551. 4555, 45,58, 4821, 4003, 5008, 5083 5274, 5,303, 5376, 5502, 5673, 5998. 6007,6077,6114,6104. William op Cumberland, 69. William, Duke, 31, 33. William, Fredericlt. 1072. 4026. William op Normandy, 3840, 4079 6905. Williams, Abigail, Ofi' ^. Williams, Eunice, 3288. Williams, Roger, 464, 1101, 2554, 2826, 5638. 6135, 6163. Wilson, Henry, 1868. Wilson, Margaret, 4142. Wilson, Colonel William. ,5248. Windham, Widow, .3358. WiNDOM, Secretary, .3701. Winslow. Captain, 3809. WiNTHROP, John, 3173. * 754 INDEX OF PEUSONAL NAMES. X.'oLFK, General, 1452. Woi,8KY, Canllniil. 1139, 1546, 1895, 3071,4044.5071, 5611. WoKCESTEit, MarqucflH of, 4410. WoiiHSWonTii, 560, 1013, 1668, 3103. WiiKN, Christopher, 280, -iSS, 4483. Wkioht. Robert, 3033. Wtcxiffk, 678, 4127. XANTiiirrus, 2170. Xknoimi.v.nks, 5101, .5071. Xekxks, 320, 1020, lOiS, 8724, 3831, 4aS7, .'■Cil, 6110. ¥m,r, Ellhu, 1783, 1915. You.-io (Poet), 1670. YuLKK, Senator, 2679. ZALEircnH. 4611, 4730. Zayd, 2374. Zkid, 3242. Zkineb, 3»12. Zemes, 4740. Zenoku, Peter, 4438. ZenoBia, 2152, 0055. ZoROASTBit, 625, 3269. 613S. IBWj GENERAL INDEX OF TOPICS, WITH CROSS-EEFERE^JOES. Note -References marked by a Btar (*) are titles of the articles referred to. All others In this Index TOSS- references to articles that illustrate other topics besides the one given In the title of the article. ABANDONOTENT. Inhuman a. -Moslems. .Mortlfyinu a.-Tlmothy Hall. ♦1 *2 Miscellaneous crosa-referencea of All for Safety-Rome. " Army by General. Beneflclal-IIernando Cortez. of Clviliziition-9. Houston. Deserved a.-Catlllne. t)y Heartless Sailors-Hudson. lIuraillatlnKa. of Nero. Just a. by children- J. 11. Outcast for religlon-W. Penn. Painful a. of Wite-Dustin. for Plunder-Soldiers. Sudden a. of Richmond. Wife-Shelley. heo DE.SEKTION. Imltated-to Wm. of Orange. Shameful a. -by Agathocles. Constructive d.-Fred. II. See FLIGHT. Cowardly f.-Heraclian. Famous for f.-MaxImln. for Safety-Roman panic. See FUOITIVK. Hopeless of escape. Royal f.-James II. Sympathy for f.-Am. Welco;aed-James II. See FUGITIVES. Generosity to royal f. Punished by slavery. Itefuge of f.-Asylum-Rome. Sanctuary of f.-N. Carolina. See RUNAWAY, from Abuse-Fred. II. Arrested-D. Crucliett. Distineuished r.-Pizarro. Reformed r.-D. Crockett. Successful r.-B. Franklin. " " -S. Houston. ABILITIES. Mlsapplied-Fred. Il.-Voltalre. *3 Numerous a.-R. Emp. Justinian. •4 Overrated-Pompey. *5 Shown in Youth-Alex. "6 Useless a.-J. Dryden In debate. *7 2117 1538 78 905 393 37.57 1270 2203 *,39ro 117 2417 6107 5993 ♦1534 ♦1538 3389 215.9 2060 2117 1710 5788 4660 5990 2641 602 187 2439 a389 634 *4984 637 638 905 Conversational a. -Johnson. Dangerous a.-Unlnstructed. Diplomatic a.-Corrupted. " " -Remarkable. Field for a.-Appropriate. Impractical a.-Milton- Politics. Manifold a. -(J,. Elizabeth. Misapplied-Failure-Newton. -Golds'h. -"Magn't brute." Mlsplaced-Glbbon in Pari. Multiplex a.-Co3sar's. Numerous a.-Galllenus. PraotUial a.-M. Van Buren. Presumable a-Elevatlon. Prostituted-Emp. Gratlan. Restricted field for a. of Ceesar. Triumph of a.-Wm. Pitt. Wrecked-Splendid-Burns. See EXPERT. by Practice-Jeffreys. Physical e. -Henry II. See EXPERTS. Unappreciated-Frederick II. See INGENUITY, vs. DltQculttes-Augustus. Practical-Benjamin Franklin, of Savages-Hatchets. Success by l.-Colum'ous. Boyish l.-I. Newton. Female l.-Sllk-vveavlng. Genius shown by i. -Newton. Knowledge Increased by I. In Printing mezzotints. Progress by l.-Telescope. Rewarded by Power-loom. Stimulated-New sauce. Unrewarded-Spinning. See TACT. Lack of t.-Johu Adams. Natural t.-Henry Sidney. Miscellaneous ernas-referenceB. Bfc,lanced-G. Wash. 3406 Rewarded-Careless slave. Superstition overcome by t. II " " See SKILL. Misapplled-Perpet'l motion. Proof of s.-Rothschild. Marksman's s.-Commodus. "-Crockett. 1172 1507 1594 1600 4224 4257 3005 2100 2030 1068 40r>4 2479 18;« 4251 1007 2r5 2027 ♦1994 389 3041 *2846 ♦28-17 ♦2848 ♦2849 642 0070 2;»3 302H 1898 1632 2971 2185 2908 *5.-)01 ♦5502 32 31 33 ♦5168 ♦5169 3430 4323 See TALENT. without Character.-Fred. II. ♦,'i503 Discovery of t.-Nap. I. KiTM Education of t.-Alex. *.").'')05 Indie- Hons of t.-Math'os. ♦.''wOB Lack of t.-Confed'te Gens. ♦.5.'i07 Overestimated-Nap. I. *:a{)H Untaught-Z. Colburn. ♦.5.')0'J vs. Character-Byron. 20,')7 Developed by criticism. 1.305 Mlsapplied-Ruler. 4.5(1!) Money rivals t.-Crassus. 4920 Without succesis-Goldsmltli. 20.'!0 See GENIUS, MIND ami POWER (h Inv. ABNEGATION. Self-a. of M. Lutiier. ♦S See SELF-ABNEGATION in loc. ABSENCE. Condemned-Georgo II. ♦9 Reasonable a. -Halifax. ♦10 Beneficial a.-Cortez, 78 Evasion by a. -Cicero. 205(j Mysterious a.-Cleomedes. * ►15*1 ABSOLUTION. In Advance by Pope Julius II. ♦11 Costly a. of Palaiologus, *]•> Desired lu death by Charles II. ♦13 Crosa-refereiice. Penance for pope's a. 2889 .5ee ACQUITTAL. Joy at a. of 7 Bps. -Popular. 3031 See PARDON in loc. ABSTINENCE. Certainty by a.-S. Johnson. ♦14 Limit of a. in fasting. ♦15 Prudential a. by experience. *16 Twofold a.-Wlne by confessor . +17 Unconso's a. from food-Shelley. +18 Miscellaneous cross-reference? In Distress of mind. 3003 " Excitement-Gamblers'. 0146 " Grief-Wife of James II. 6068 Necessary a.-" One glass." 2955 Nobility in a.-Alex. 5095 Self -Conquest by a.-Mahomet. 5077 See HUNGER. Address to h. difficult. 2014 1 Desperation of h. -Cannibals. 706 i ii 76G PorUhlDic from h.-SleKP. 1502 rressuro of h. Sailors. 13!)3 Subjutcated by h.-Prliio. 'U55 Sec FAST, KAMINK ami TEMTEU- AN('E(ri he. ABSTIlACriON. Art of a." Wiiisteoat button." 'lO Blunders by a.- Nowton. *!iO Dangerous a.-Archtmodea. *81 ABSTRACTION- ACTION'S. UnoonsclouB I. -James II. Mlsci'llaneous crosareferciiccB. Absence of mlnd-Ooldsmltb. Aroused from a. -Johnson. Philosopher's a.-Archlmedes. Youthful a. by study-Newton. Study of-Pascal. ABSURDITY. Governmental a.-I/smodel. ABUSE. Absenci! of a.-Savapte's. Personal a. of Milton. Slanderous a. -Napoleon I. Success by a.-PolItloal. M Isccllnneous croBsrcfercnccs VS. Arguments-Johnson, of the Blind-Milton. " Countrymen -London. Exposure to a.-Appius. of Good principles. Growth of a. -Star-chamber. Judicial a.-Jeffreys. I'oUtioal a for effect. Reformation of a. -Hopeless. Self-applied a. in PreachioK. Vi. Use-Money. ScclNIirMAMTY. Commercial l.-Old slaves, of Man to man-Eng . " " -Spain. Professional l.-Jeflfreys. Revenge for 1. -Pestilence. 009 aaio 1905 2100 2324 2-130 ♦28 *23 •24 •25 Age of 1. to criminals. Avarice causes l.-l'Sth Cent, to Beggars-Punishnont. " Children-Jeffrey's court. Christian 1. to pagans, of Commerce-Famine. " " -Slave-trade. Excused-Public safety, of Government-Bateraan. to Indians-Explorers, of Persecutors-Covenanters, to Prisoners-London. -"The Fleet." -England. Rellglou.s i. of persecutors, of Superstition-Lepers burned -Sylla. in War-Romans. See INSULT. tiiOre than Injury-Arabs, to Jealousy-Flogging. Last 1. -Crusaders. Political i.-Wm. Pitt. Rebellion from 1. -Persians. Remembrance of l.-Cyrus. Stinging l.-Col. Tarleton. 2904 23 1831 1855 1121 1255 18-18 42&3 4353 1234 5755 *28.'>9 *2HG0 •8801 •2802 •2863 2050 420 2703 803 lO.'W 2002 1110 5003 540 908 056 4467 4469 5183 2557 4418 5452 5911 ♦8896 ♦2897 •2898 ♦2899 ♦2900 •3901 ♦2902 Abusive I Ambasiiadors. Added to injury-Harbarlans. of Arroganco-Attila-Romaus. II II It 11 Fancied l.-Xerxos. Ilumlllatlun forl.-Pope. Over sensitive to t. -Tyrant. Resented by Blsman^k. Stinging i. -Woman's. Unresented-Fear-Aloxius. See INHl'LTS. Argument by i. -Johnson, with Misfortune-James II. Authorized for cowards. Cruelty provoked by l.-Ind's. Public l.-(.:romwell to I'arl. Reparation for i., ciieap. Women's 1. to cowards. See Ol'TUAOE. Horrible o. of Albion. Reaction of o.-Joan of Arc. Resented by parent. •2903 4444 250 321 328 320 849 2-527 3359 3489 757 ♦3904 ♦8905 1280 2074 410 asm 6128 ♦3971 ♦3972 ♦3973 Shameful <>. -Columbus. 1048 See CRUELTY iiiul WUONGS in lor. Access. Humble a. to Diocletian. ♦ao (Jross-rcferenco. by Charity-Howard to prisons. 613 ACCIDENT. Destiny by a.-" Box on the ear." ^27 Distress by a. -H. II. -lance lnoye.^28 Revolution by-" Sicilian V'p's." ♦89 Saved by a.-T. Paine from G. ♦30 Signlflcant a. -Duke Wm., error. ^31 Utilized-Scalding broth. ^32 -Duke Wm. slipped. •;i3 MIscellaneoua cioss-rcferences. of Birth-Napoleon. Destiny by a.-Ba.iazet-Gout. Discovery of gravitation by a. Happy a.-Flnding seal of G. B. Invention by a.-Spinning. Life directed by a.-Demost's. Ominous a.-Premonition. Outrage for a.-Mussulmau. Profession chosen bv a.-Caesar. See COINCIDENCE in loc. 692 611 229r. 5788 29(;s 3919 4419 1916 4484 Ac<'usi:ii. MlKcelliini'ous cr'cisH-ri'ri'reiices. Accused -Buccaneer Nult. 8434 Blemish of a. -James II. 1119 Concealed from accused. 2877 Conscience an a.- Abbott. 1080 See III, A Ml-: I'li loc. ACKNOWLiKDUITIEIVT. Slender n. to John Adams. ♦Si; ACQUAINTANCE. Brief a.-Decelved by. Unwelcome a.-Jolinson's. See ASSOCIATES. Dangerous a. -J. Howard's son. *S''i Impure a. -J. Newton. ♦.'17!) Influence of a. on Peter the O. ♦SSO ACCIDENTS. Concurrence of a. -Adversity by.. 'J800 i i ACCE.AMATION. MiBcelhineou3 cross-references. Election by a.-Spartans. 1817 i Stunning a.-crov-dead. 1849 ACCOUNTS. rross-reference. Carefully kept a.-Wesley. 549 ACCUSATION. Miscellaneous cross-references. by Deception-Maximus Fablus. 701 Malicious a.-C. Wesley-V. 702 " -Alex. 1048 a Pretext-Plundering the Jews. 710 ' ' Pretext for vIoIence-R. III. 842 ♦30 ♦87 Burial of living a.-Barb'ns. Dangerous a.-Queen of Scots. Despicable a. James II. Selection of a. -Johnson. Uncontaminated by evil a. See ASSOCIATION. Beneficial a.-M. Aurellus. Guild of a.-Eng. a.d. 1814. Changed by a. Greeks. Contaminated by prison a. Controlled by a.-A. Pope. Dangerous a. with Theodora. Destructive-"Artemua Ward." Religious a. prized. Repelled by a.-J. Milton. Ruinous a. -Gamblers'. " to Nero. Unity by a.-Crom. and Fox. See ASSOCIATIONS. Protective a. -Anglo-Saxon. Contaminating a.-I..utlier. Dangers from a. -Gov't. Effect of early a.-Nap. Horrifying a. -London Tower. Unimproved l)y good a. See FRIENDS in Inc. 084 1171 5irr 1157 5036 ♦383 ♦381 1865 5804 2238 4533 3283 2003 2701 8273 8819 .-.749 ♦383 896 408 :m 745 904 ACQUITTAU. .See crosa-ret'ereiici. Joyful a. of 7 Bishops. 8031 See FORGIVENESS (71 Inc. ACROSTIC. Political a.-Cabal. Cross-reference. Mysterious religions a. -Sibyl. ACTION. Decisive a. of Col. Gordon. ♦38 4534 ♦40 Miscellaneous cross-references. lU-tlmed a.-Louis XVI. 3044 Ready for a.-Minute men. 5881 Signal for a.-Alex. ♦SISS ACTIONS. Speak-War-Hurllng the spear. ^41 " -Tarquin cutting-tallest p.^42 See CONDUCT. Absurd c.-8. Johnson. •lOSO Contradictory c. -Steele. ^1037 Dissolute c. a sign. *1038 ACTIVITY— ADVENTURESS. 767 1110 aHTr 1080 ♦3^ *30 *37 C84 1171 5irr 1157 5036 *383 *381 Soandalous c. In high life. »1089 Authority to regulate o. Character evinced by c. ChauKed by conTurslon. Condemned by c.-A. Herbert. Contemptible c.-Commodus. Contradictory c. -James 11. Controlled by Wra. of Orange Inconsistent c. -James IT. Propriety In ministerial c. Surprising c.-Mary P. of Orange. 788 See MANNKKS (ii loc. ACTIVITY. Military a.-Uomans. *30 748 717 1380 1109 1119 1591 1094 121 5733 1484 Miscellaneous crosa-refcrences. Determined-" Close action." 1904 Success by unexpected a. 1491 See EAKNKSTNESS in loc. ACTORS. and Actresses-Origin of. •48 Dishonored by Roman law. *44 Respect for a. by S. Johnson. *45 MiacellancouB cross-references. Infamous a. -Success of Roman. 220 Punished at whlpplng-posts by P.282 See GESTICULATION. Oratorical g. opposed. 1854 Specialty In g.-Actors. 2352 See THEATRE in loc. ADDRESS. Spectacular a. of Antony. Successful a. of Edward VI. Theatrical a. ridiculed by J. Tricksters a. defeated-Burke. ♦40 •47 •48 •49 Miacellaiieous cross-references. Distinguished by a. -Diplomacy. 1594 Ridiculed, First a.-Dems. 2021 See SPEECH in loc. ADJOIJRNITEENT. Forced a. of Pari, by Crom. 410 AD]?IIN IS TR ATION. Responsibility of a.-Cablnet. •SO Unfortunate a. of Van Buren. *51 United a. of A. Lincoln. ♦52 Cross- reference. Revolutionized by Cromwell. 410 See (JOVERNMENT in loc. ADIfllRATION.. Changed by observatlon-L.'s. •SB Objectionable a.-Qoldsmlth byl.^54 Supreme-Col. Cropper for G.W. ♦SS Mlscellaneoui cross-references. Architectural a. of Colosseum. 291 of Manllness-Pompey. 3819 -Louis IX. 3821 Strange a. for Napoleon I. 2833 Unappreciated a. of massea-N. 272 See ADULATION, PRAISE and VANITY in loc. ADMONITION. Disregarded-Gen. Braddock. *58 See REPEOOF. Meekness in r.-Dr. Taylor. •4779 Undeserved r.-Dr. Arnold. •4780 Undisturbed by r.-Q. Wash. *4781 Death by r.-Tetzel's. 1888 Dcslred-Good Kmp. Julian. 6390 Sagacious r.-Wlfe's. 4881 See CAUTION and WARNINO in loc. ADOPTION. of Captives among Indians. ^57 by the State of soldiers' orphans. *58 Miscellaneous cross-references. Annulled by Oabrlel-M.'s son. 03 Pitiful a.-Foundllng. 781 Substitutes In families by a. 2074 ADORATION. Human a.-Greek Emperor's. ♦59 Cross-reference. Unman a. of Diocletian. 26 See WORSHIP in loc ADULATION. Official a. of Chas. I. by Finch. ♦OO Rebuked of James I.-s. m. ♦Ol Ridiculous a. of H. Vlll.-r. b. g. •62 See cross-reference. for Money.-Dedlcatlon of books. 498 See FLATTERY. Artful f.-Captive Zenobla. False f. of Henry VIIL Fulsome f . of James I. Irritating f . of Fred, the Q Resented by Alexander. Rewarded, Excessive f. •2152 •2153 •2144 •2165 •2150 •2157 Deception by f. -Rochester. Develops servitude-Romans. Embarrassment by f .-Cresar. for Favor- Voltaire. Fulsome f. of Charles I. Wealth by f. -Legacies. 1471 305 2657 2825 00 6971 of Woman's beauty-Elizabeth. 2684 ADULTERER. Miscellaneous cross-references. Advances of a.-P. of M. Stuart.3342 Blot of a.-Mahomet. 3242 Confirmed a.-James II. 0222 Devices of a.-Emp. Valentlnian.227C Merciless punishment of a. 3063 Papal a.-John XII. 4305 Reparation by marriage. 3458 Royal-Edward IV.-Wives of L. 47 Self-confessed a. -False. 5177 Wife wronged by husband. 6068 ADULTERESS. Miscellaneous cross-references. Approved by husband. 4490 Arts of the a.-J. C. Sedley. 5054 Bondage to a.-James II. 5054 Distinguished a.-Pompadour. 3247 Influential a.-Aspasla. 1256 Patriotic a.-Fulvia. 6097 Respected a.-Aspasia. 6084 by Restraints-Honoria. 3486 Self-uonfessed a. -Queen of Sp. 5125 Strange charm of a. -Sedley. 2842 Successful a.-Antonina. 48^ Victim of a.-Jamea II. 6085 See CONCUBINES. Passion for c.-Klagabalus. 960 Power of Persian c. m\) ADULTERY. Excused byGabrlel-Mahomot's. ♦O.S Punishment for a.-I<:xlled by J. ♦64 Shameless by noblllty-l.'ith Cfnt.*05 Vengeance fora.-Popo Jno. XII. •00 Victim of a.-PereJus. •07 Miscellaneous crns-i-ri'tVrenccs Common a.-ltonian. Confessed for divorce. Diverted evidence of a. Emasculation or death for a. Evidence of a.-Dlfflcult. InHlghUfe-CharlesII. Oppressive a.-Tyrant GlUlo. Prerogative In a.-Mahomet. Shameless a.-t^omnion-Kurope. 3243 See RAI'E. Attempted r.-Joun of Arc. *4616 1295 2188 1919 3100 1931 3470 5745 4310 by Stratagem-Valentinlan. 2270 Vengeance for r.-Oath. 5TH0 Victim of r. by soldiers. 0113 War caused by r. 5910 Sob LICENTIOUSNESS tn luc. ADVANCE. by Battle-Scott in Mexico, ♦OS Heroic a.-Fontenoy. ♦OQ Opportunity for an a. *70 or Suffer-Gettysburg. ^71 471 Success by aggression. See PROGRESS in loc. ADVENT. Seasonable-Needed- Ready . ADVENTURE. Courageous a.-Lieut. Cushing. Daring a.-Napoleon. I. Passion for a.-Conquest. Primitive a.-Geo. Washington's. Spirit of a. -Wm. Parry. ♦73 ♦74 ♦75 ♦70 Miscellaneous crossi-refereiices. Love of a.- Young Lincoln. 3272 Youthful a.-Romantlc-Cortez. 3,<}.'>8 See PERIL in loc. ADVENTURER. Born a.-Hernando Cortez. •78 Miscellaneous cross-references. Dream of an a.-Count de B. 188 Honored-Geo. Vllllers by Jas. I. 494 -Disgraceful a. 2410 ADVENTURERS. Dlsappolnted-Theodorlcand O. *'!9 NumerouswlthCapt. J. Smith. ^80 Miscellaneous cross-references. Remarkable a.-De Soto's eip'n. 1986 Successful a.-Three men. 1076 See EXPLORERS in loc ADVENTURESS. Remarkable a. -Pope Joan. 0089 Successful a.-Lady Revea. 1171 See COURTESAN in loc. i'< 758 ADVEHSITV— AFFECTIONS. AOVKItSITV. Kmliioiinc by ii.-A. I.liKiolii. ♦S!) Inslnioted hy ii..I<'ri'(l. tlio U. *h^i I.riKHons dl' II. for the Uorauns. *8ri .MiUilKKiil of isir II. Davy by a. *8() National lii'lifiiof KdwarU 1II.*h; Overiuleci for KU Wliitiiuy. *HH ri'i!(!(!(l(!s success -Tlmour the T. *H'.I StruK({l^c^'llaNt"iu-* tToss-ri'fLTO rices. Multiplied a. -Irish people. " " -.1. liunyan's. ;!860 79 2.V2H l-H.-) ooa 0057 4331 1070 oora 3210 4«89 17 :i»M 3.S1H 3H19 asi\ 2211 23()H 4:W2 4:wr 4014 4H11 5117 1788 5420 2212 4370 0100 designation to a. 3944 5700 4810 Miscellaneous o ■oss-references, Sce(ALAMITY. Hlossing concealed in c. 289 of War-Jerusalem-Cho.sroes. 324 SuuCALAMITIKS. Combined-Fire and pestilence. *on3 Desired by pagans-on (Mieniies. *094 Effect of o.-Eiig. nation. *695 Sec MISKOKTIWE. Born to m. -Charles. I. *.3G28 Cruelty with ra.-Am. Inds. *,3029 Fellowship in ni.-L.Bon'p'rte. *30;» Overruled-O. Goldsmith. '•3031 Business ra. overruled. 2909 Comfort in m. -Mahomet lives. 1568 E-Viisperation in m. feared. 1207 Greatness In m. -Cornelia. 0072 Heedlessness brings m. 2546 Insulted in m. -James II. 2905 Interpreted by conscience. 1100 Mitigated by courtesy. 1260 Multiplled-Melancholy by. a5,59 National m. -Armada fails. 2028 Rovorsfd by tact-Slave. 89 Solace in ra. -Music a. .3748 Wealth by others' m. -Crassiis. OKI AIho me AFlT.ICTKlN. IlEUKAVK- ME^"r, DKSI'ONKKNCY, SOItltyW UImI TltDl'lll.K ill lor. AnVKKTIlSIC.niCNT. Sanctimonious a. of serious in.-8.*90 Mlst't'IIancous cross-references. t'outeraptuous-(J. II. "lost or B." 9 by I'atron-Tallor. ,')777 Success by a. -John Law. 2184 ADVl^;!;:. Disdalned-Braddock's (h'feat. *()7 Ignored -Clarendon's, by J. II. *m Ill-timed a. to A. Lincoln. •99 Legacy of a. by Augustus to 1{. *100 SeeCor.N.^KL. of the Dying-Louis XIV. *1219 I Inopportune o. -Deputies'. *Vi20 i Safety in c. -Battle. *1221 Discarded rashiy-Chas. XIL Honest c. punished. SeeCor.NSEI.LoK. Evil c.-" Evil angel." f-ee I'OC.XSKI.LOKS. Dangerous c. of James II. Whimsical c.-" Wise woman." Obstructive c. -Scots. Various c. to Washington. Volunteer-Too many Generals .'•(•e WAUM.\(J. of Danger-Richard I. Ineffective w.-Cicsar. Accepted-Girl's, by Lincoln. .Vdmonition disregarded. Disregarded by Nero's mother. Dlsdained-A woman's w. Effective w. to officials. Felons w. to manufacturers. Interference of novice. Neglected-Dlversion-Ca^sar. Timely w.-Wash. by wonjan. Unexperted w. -Scripture. Unmoved by w.-Alex. ADVOCATE. Personal not proxy. I2;i9 2009 *1222 *12'J3 ♦1224 975 1920 .2284 *5947 *5948 0102 ♦.".O 190 Clio 3030 512 .3540 1089 4079 4901 1018 *101 MIscell.ineous cross-references. Destitute of a.-H. Vane. a379 Generous a.-Aristldes. .3055 See INTERCESSION, of Innocents-Tlmour rejects. 1337 Life saved by 1. -Deserters. 530 Woman's 1. -Queen Phllippa. 40;j9 ^STHKTICI^im. Brutality of K in exhibitions. *102 Realistic £e." " " " *103 See eross-referenee. Contempt of ae. -Greeks o. by R. 770 AFFABILITY. Cross-reference. Falsehood in a.-Charles 11. 1678 See AMIABILITY and COUR- TESY in Inc. AFFKCTATION. See cToss-refiTince. Ridiculed by Thackeray. AFFI'M'TION. Conjugal of Joseph, for Nap. " Andrew Jackson. Destitute of a. -Fulk the Black Display In pub. of a. by a kiss. Enduring a. of I. Newton. Fickle a. of Countess of C. Filial a. of William Cowpor. W. Scott. " " " Caius Marelus. " " " Sartoriusthe R. (ien " " " Alexander. 774 and " " " prisoner, of Friendship- Lincoln's. Impartial-Mr. Dustln. Maternal a. outraged by I. rarental a. of S. Wesley. L. Stafford at t. Strong a. of Wm. I', of Orange. Zeal of a.-John Howard. Miscellaneous c,oss referenci^s. Angered by a.-Blaise I'aseal. Appreclated-Cato's wife and t, Based on character. Candidate's a. for electors. Comfort in a. -Martyr. Country vs. son-Spartan a. Disappointed parental a.-H. II. Family vs. religious a. Force of a. -Son of Croesus, (lifts of school-girls to Nap. Grief of a.-Webster's b. " " " -Separation from N. Hatred returned for a. Imperishable a. for the dead. Misunderstood a. -James II. .Money a proof of a. .Monument of husband's a. utraged-Persecutors. " -Executor of friends. Paternal a.-O. Cromwell, without Pity-Roman. Self-sacrificing a. -Soldier's. Subdued-Parental. Surrendered to justice. Tested -Parental-Maurice. Tortured by murderers. Trial of a. -Bereavement. Wealth of a.-Johnson. . AFFECTIONS. Blighted a. of Swedenborg. 1500 •101 *I05 ♦IOC ♦lo: •108 •10!) ♦Ill) ♦111 ♦112 •113 •114 ♦115 ♦110 ♦117 ♦118 ♦119 •1'20 •121 ♦1'22 791 ltf7 2087 ,5858 3403 3721 4005 4181 .529.> 2a'js ,501 715 2883 500 2903 ,3051 0001 1.359 1304 995 1.3.55 1572 1350 3003 1.3-18 13-18 4811 4;W7 ♦123 Miscellaneous cross-references. Blighted a. of Isaac Newton. 108 " -Miss Perronet. 2534 Nourished by mementoes-Scott. Ill Struggle of a.-Chas. I.-S. or f. 82* See FRIEND. Chosen f.-Alexander's. ^2220 or Foe-Agepilaus. ♦2'221 Obsequhms f.-Ca-sar's. '2222 In Sickness-P. of Orange. ^2223 Sordid f. -Goldsmith's. *2224 Welcome f.-Lafayette. •2225 Wounded f.-" Stonewall J." *22£« Bereaved of f.-Alexander. 1428 AFFINITY— AGITATION. 1S06 *iai n. *i(r) ■k ♦IOC M. *!(»; ♦]()H ♦Kill *U() *in *iia on. •113 Id ♦IH *1IS *nc *]17 ♦118 ♦119 •120 '. ♦lai ♦182 Hurdensome f.-Drlnklnj?. (.ihiiUKi^d to foo-lleiiry V'lII. Helpful t. of DemoiilhoiiOH. " ill iidvcrHlty. Irrltutlntf-Ki'od. 1 1. -Voltaire. Ne){l883 371 ST48 92 3009 30T0 2870 1.12 ♦2232 ♦2233 ♦22164 ♦2235 ♦2230 ♦2237 ♦22:J8 ♦2239 ♦2340 ♦2241 ♦2243 ♦22-13 110 2099 2(>43 2957 3210 2402 48:14 1207 3712 701 451,') 2644 2G95 4301 5032 1096 173 715 3881 371 3202 3518 5709 268 ♦3385 ♦3336 Active 1. -Christian. Battle of 1 -Lovers. Changed by 1 -Another body. Conjugal 1. -Napoleon I. Disappointment In i.-K, Infatuation o( l.-M. Stuart. Juvenile 1. -Napoleon I. a Necessity Cannoneers. Passionate 1. of Shelley, vs. Prudcnce-.Xgcsllaus. Itellgion of 1 -Napoleon I. Romantic l.-Oeoffrey Riidel. " " -S. Johnson. " -Shelley. Sliadow of l.-W. Irving. Supremacy of 1.- Domestic. vs. Ambitlon-Xiipoleon-Jo3. I( it II 14 Controlled by 1. -Marlborough. Fictitious 1. of (^ucen Anne. First 1. of U. Burns, at I'Mrst sight-Garibaldi, (iratltude begets 1. -Howard. Inspires endeavor-Burns. Lawless 1. -Contagious ex. of Magnanimity of 1 -Josephine. Mission of 1. -Pardon. Respected-Humble life -Nap. Sacrifices of l.-\Ventworth. Survives abuse-Mrs. Byron. Transient 1. -Sudden-Crockett. Universal l.-Ams. excepted. Unreclprocated-Swedenborg. Sc LOVEK. Fallen l.-II. Cortcz. Fickle I.-R. Burns. Youthful l.-Lord Byron. Artful 1 -Cleopatra. Blind 1. of C. Sedlcy. Blinded 1. -Marcus. Ensnared-Antony by C. Fascinated-Wm. the Couq. " -R. Burns. Female 1. -Mahomet's. " "-Honoria. Preservation of 1. -Ariadne. Royal 1. of Lucy Waters. Unsuccessful l.-I. Newton. Visits of l.-Dangerous. Soo LOVERS. Rival l.-Jefferson-others. Religious l.-Sensual-Eng. Restrained-Church service. •3337 ♦3.338 ♦.H3!19 •IWIO ■'3,3n *xw: ♦3313 ♦.3314 ♦33 1.-. ♦3340 ♦3347 ♦3318 ♦,3319 ♦33.")0 ♦;i351 ♦3358 104 ](;!)9 0053 558 4819 3480 8445 4219 2240 S201 3998 187 2510 3405 34:i8 315 123 ♦,'J353 ♦33,54 ♦3355 0130 8843 1075 0130 2.583 4219 3172 3170 0051 3470 5992 0049 ♦3;i5(l 3.335 8,53 AFFINITY. Miscellaneous crobs-rcforoncci. by Contrast-Anne-Churchiil. 2328 " -Burnet-Halifax. 3231 " Complement-Wm. of O. 2234 See FRIENDS in luc. AFFIilCTION. See SICKNESS in luo. AGE. Depraved at introd. of C. ^124 of Greatness-National-Arabs. ♦ISS Improved-The evils are old. ♦126 Men for the a,-Cromwell. ♦187 769 •128 •120 •141 •148 " of Rtforination. •143 Satisfactory If dnc. (>. III. NiMi(llt>HH II I^iiiidon puiiU;. I'lili'iotlMiii inlliimi'd by u. urouseil by u. Polltloal tt.-Kiit(laii7 " Kdmund Hurko. ♦l.'iH Pursultof a. by noblest Uorauns.^l&U liellffious pursuit -Persians. 'Ifio HcMentUlcpursult Uelitnof ('.II ♦Hit Superiority of a. by freemen. *UVi Uusucoussful a.-Mth century. ♦1U3 Failure of c. with James II. 248 Impossible-r. S. and France. 5710 in Legislation-Congress. 3188 of Principle justified. 3875 Religious c. with Inflrralty. 419 " " by oflfering Incense. 849 "-Seeming success. SOsa See COX(\^Rn, COVGNANT, KECON- CILIATION »iicl UNION in toe. AGGRESSION. CrosB-reforonce. Success by a.-H. IV.-Aglncourt. 471 See ADVAN'CE. by Battle-Scott In Mexico. ♦68 Heroic a.-Fontenoy. ♦69 Opportunity for a. ^70 or Suflfer-Gettysburg. ^71 AGIIICVIiTrRE. Ancient a. of the Romans. ♦ISl Anti monopoly In a. -Uomans. ♦IBS Attractions of a. -Poet Horace. ♦153 flurdensof a.forg.-.\rtaxerxes.^l54 MlBcclhini'dUn cropiiireferuiicc'ii. Attraction of a. W. Scott. Ueautles uf a. Kgypt. Uegtnnlng life In a. -Stevens. OeneflcHnt.-V'ataces. Benevolence In a.-Clmon. Changes by a. Physical. Drainage Improves a.-Eng. Friendship for a -Washington vs. Oold-seeklng. Honors In a.-AngloSaxons. Impeded by mlsgovornmont. Imperfect methods Kiig. Iiiiprovements oppo.sed. Improvement In a.-Germany. Interest In a.-Wash'ton's plan liude methods In a.-18th cent Soul saved by a -Persians. He»FAUM. Crois-rcferi'tico. Famous f. of Horace. .See FARMER. Unsuccessful f.-l Newton. " " -Ed. Burke. f'hosen occupation-Grant. Extensive f.-Cataouzene. Occupation changed-Crom. Son of a f.-Washlngton. See (lARDEN. ('ro«3 reference. Famous g.-Waterloo. See GARDEMN(i. MlscellanuouH cross-referencea. Contentment In g.-Kmp. Pleasure In g. -Cyrus. See FERTILITY. Cross-reference. Commended-" Many crabs." See HARVEST. Lost-Gold filings sown. See IIORTICULTUKE. Pleasures of h.-Theodoric. " " -Napoleon. lifiO S68H 3aM5 170(1 M\) 3ViH 1715 1H73 aH()7 7i0 !.>17.') 1377 . 'i07« 455 6156 153 •aioo ♦2101 .wso 3327 0053 1501 1148 5036 Climate affects h. See lirSBANDRY. Changes by h. -Egypt. 3,'J93 ♦2,523 ♦2637 ♦2638 917 ♦2088 AGRICULTURISTS. Croaeruferencc. Crippled by aniputatlon-T. 104 AliARin. Needless-Pertinax made emp. ♦lon Religious a. of Luther. ♦lOO MiaoellaneouB crosa-referensea. of Consolc-.ice-B. Abbott. 1109 Messenger of a.-Paul Revere. 5881 Nations In a. of Napoleon. 4199 Quieted oy Scripture. 1087 Religion promoted by-Luther. B861 Supentltlous a.-Kuropeuna. Unexpected a.-Romo-(leose. by Vision Brutus. See FEAR in lur Aii4 HKinY. Crct.ia-ruferani'i'S, Books of a. destroyed. Student of a. I. Newton AlilKNATION. ( 'roan reference. by SllcnceW'llUam an in ((.('. ALITIft. ( 'rnss M't'tTl'IlCt', for HI niKKli'is-Sli- Wultor Hoott. IX) M.. rllAUITV. for thu Deiid-lloliuKbroko, '777 lyistrustod .losuph 11. *T78 Ndhlllty of «'. Arldtotlc. *Tril WlsH c. of .1. Howard. •7«0 Woiidorfulc. Womiin's. '"HI BlusslriKH on o.-" Novor grow o. <'oiifl«oati!(l to ttvarluo. ill < 'iiiivor.siitlou-C'uto. a (,'rimt) Kiiifllsh law. " DaiiKcroiw o.-Uoinans. VH. IIoHpitullty of Itrltung. Uiii'tful ('.-Labor duKnidod. Hulo of t'.-Moliununodan. Suc'i'esH by (^ Howard. Wlao c.-Uunifonl. of Woman I.ii'ta. S.t. 1IK( (lAlt, I1KN|.'VUI.|.:\('|.: I'liAurrv 1/1 /».■. ' r>\r> 2070 1170 8111 naiH 2(110 ao'.i'j fti;) 503 Ullll uikI Mortlflsd a. of Poet Hholley. National a. of KuRllab. PorpiHtont a. of (.'liarlumaKHo. I'rcxMaliiiiJil a. of H. Gulmnird. ItuHtrabiinl a. of Theodorlo. Hluuplims a. of Maliomi^t II. Spurred a. of («on. Schuyler. .Subordinated a. of Cromwell. I'liliappy u. of Tlinoiir. I'liMatlHflod a. of SovoruM. I'nHorupulouHa. of H. A. I). War of a. -Seven Years' War. ♦197 •108 ♦100 •200 ♦201 ♦202 ♦2o;i •20-1 •205 •200 ♦207 ♦208 Ai.TEIIIVATIVI<:. ('rosn-rcliToiicc. I'aiijf ul-Acfoinp. or vlotlm of R. 07 Sfi. CHOICE, of Botli I.ysaiuter. *8n) Miiiiifcstod ri/arro. ♦820 Necessary-My huad or king's. ♦Hai Painful c. Death of Strafford. ^822 Dlflicult Ktillier'8 o.-Dustln. 117 in Life-Vouthtlmc. 325-J Necessary c. -Charles I. 410 Paln'ul c. -CharRo or bo charged. 71 " -Clotilda. Ifl-Jl of Paradise or perdition. Ollfi Politician's c.-Church vs. vote. 3H74 AinALGAITIATION. Cross- ri'ftToiice. of Haces-(ircat Britain. 4005 AITIBASSADOR. Cross ruRTi'iici's. Ridiculous a.-'Voltalre to Fred. II. 4 Strange a. -Joan of Arc. 2803 AlTIBAi^SADORS. (!ross-r('fercrioc. Bribed by Philip of Macedon. 071 AITIBITIOIV. Cursed by gin-Fraser. ♦ISa Dclusivi! a. of Emp. Maximus. *lKi Destructive a. of C'a3sar. *184 Determination of a.-Alex. II. *1H5 Diverse a. -Alex, and Parraenio.^lSG " -Napoleon and Peasant. *187 Dream of a.-Count de Broglie. ♦ISS Envious a. of Themistocles. *189 Failure of a.-The clan of Scott. ♦lOO Field of a. -Young knight. ♦H)l Inhuman a. of assassinators. *192 Insensiliility of a.-Surg's of P. *193 Literary a. of Milton. *195 Lofty a. of Timour. *194 Maternal a. of Nero's mother. ♦196 Ml.sC('ll;iMi.ci\is crussri'fi.ri'Mcc'S. vs. Affoetiou. N.'sdlvorooof J. ♦HS ArouHod by exiitnpie I>«!inost's..'iOI9 Asplrallon of a.-ll. Fnuiklln. 2331 of A.ifsaHslns of Cii'sar. 1141 Awakened In I. Newton at b. ♦ITU vs. Benefaction-Napoleon I. 2.558 Burdened wit) ^rror. 8801 Corrected by luilure. 202 Crimes of a. -Napoleon I. 3.395 Cruelty of a. -Irene to Leo. ^180 -Mahomot III. 49<17 Crushed by .Sorrow- Henry II. 4005 In tlio Church-Karly ages. ♦ISl Deceived by a. -Napoleon I. 20.13 Delusive Thoodorio's appeal. 70 Delusions of a.-" What thenf" 1071 Destructlve-Uoni. Kinperors'. 14.14 Diverse a. -King-Cabbage. 1118 Filial a. of Caius Alarclus. 112 Happiness substituted for a. 2510 Heartless a. of N. -Divorce of J. 101 Humble field of a.- Ciesar. 4-101 Ignoble a. -Ostentation. 39<)7 luconsldorato a.-Xerxes. 5208 Irresistible at Uublcon. . 1481 Lack of a.-Newton. 1104 V8. Love -Napoleon Josephine. 1C39 Merciless a.-IUchard IIL 3742 Misdirected a.-Keep vs. Gain. 38.18 Mother's a. gratlfled-Nero. 3721 Nature restricts a.-Sea. 3ai8 One a. in life-Mllton'g. 32.10 Perilous a.-Dldlus JuUanus. 3072 Perils of Ciesar. 1402 for Praise-Domorallzing. 4370 Reprassed a. -Mind vegetates. 3003 Restrained a. -Cromwell. 3925 2480 Restraint of a.-Mortifylng. 3808 Rewarded-P. Henry. 3144 Ridiculous a.-" Generalship." 3888 Ruinous to religion-Japan. 3642 Social a. of Goldsmith. 1172 Supreme passion of Napoleon. 4020 Surrender of a.-Chas. of Anjou. 82 True a. to possess God. 2379 Unsatisfying a. -Wearisome. 2470 Unwise a. -Tail the leader. 3174 Vanity of a.-" Kings die like." 1219 Vexation from a.-Wra. III. 30a3 Vicious effects-Cleopatra. 0005 for Wealth-Limit of. .1973 Woman's a.-Sophia. 0040 See FAMK. Belated-J. Q. Adams. ^2046 by Compotitlon-Wm. Parry. *2047 Costly f.-Sir W. Scott. ^2048 by Dlieovory N. W pasnage. DlHtant f. I.lneiiln Italy. InipoHtor'8 r. 'I'ltiis Oittes. by liifum) A^"^iKiln of Nap. Locality for f. -.Napoleon in Iv Perverteil .Memory of C Posthumous f. ColiiMibus. Regarded " Wlmt will h. say?" Sudden f. of Byron. " lleriier's St. Hoax Trials of f. W. .Scott. Undeslred Kmp. M.ixlmu». ' Ambition for f. 'I'lienilstocles. Aiublllous lor f.-'i'iiijun. Conlradlf^tlon (ii-eal vs. M. Delayed .Milton's. Desired next to power. Diminishing f. 'I'liirty authors. Dlmlnutitjii of f. Increasing posthumous Burns. Literature necessary to f. Merited Fred. 11. Misappropriated ('has. Loo. Monuments of f. I'yiamids. Neglect followed by f. Omission of f . 'I'. ( roinwell. Passion for f.-TlK^iiilstocles. " " " Fred, the (Jreat. without Idi)iilarily-II. Clay. Toil for f. \ irgii. rnd(;siral)le f. Shame. Wide extended f. of Wash. Si-o IID.NUK.S. Hurdensome (irant .Mfonso. Compulsory h. Siiluniinus. Demanded by ('roinwell. Miserable h.-Aged Titus. Premature h. of iiollvar. Uosigned-Emp. Diocletian. " -Chas. V. Unexpected -Sallie Thompson, t'nmerited h.-Emp. Carliius. Won by merit-" Win hisspurs. " from .\broad-l,<>mbards. Bestowed on animals, E. " " Goose. Burdensome h. -Lincoln, for Criminals-Scots. Dan,{erou8 h. -Violent death. Declinod-Crown-Cromwell-W. " " -Ca,>sar. Divine h. to Demotrius. Endangered by h. -Cromwell. Envicd-Demosthenes. Exchanged, Pitt vs. Chatham, for Faithfulness to truth. Funeral h. -Caesar's. " " -Egyptians. " " -Lincoln's. Ill-proportioned h.-Martel. Literary degrees undeserved. Lost by delay-Spartans, for Merit-Coronation. Misapplied h. -Pocahontas. Misplaced h. -Olympic games. " " -Emp. Claudius. Music brings h.-Rlzzlo. Opportunity for-Black Prinoe. 761 ♦2O40 •20.')0 •2051 •2052 ♦20.13 ♦21 15-1 ••.•0,15 ♦2().1fl •2057 ♦2C.'.8 •20.V,) ♦2000 180 2307 2 IH5 2.')25 195 33IVI 2170 2481 .■t.!ll 581 W 4789 2305 .'1270 2.180 189 2(18 1310 2:m 1 Oili;3 .'ill81 ♦2021 ♦2022 ♦2023 ♦21121 ♦202.1 ♦2020 ♦2027 ♦2028 ♦2020 ♦2030 2045 2173 5451 217 l.'iOO 14.14 1322 1323. 2157 360 ,370 1329 .1032 2040 2251 2^M2 22.1-1 2187 50.33 407 1325 5097 2280 3876 8751 470 Mm Herelvi'i. nOTN Hurretidur for virtue. om uf Trliiniiili MiiKiiill(;«r.t 5711) TrouliloMoiiif h.-(lol(len crown. I8W l>nappr«uliktuunT rntlcdcrvod h. A fiirmer. 3IT7 I'licnjoyed .MIItoiiH. aaio rii-iilliifai'tory li. IIIkIi ollU-e. IWl Vi'XulloUH h. NiipoleoM. 7,')! VUrloimly IxiHtowtMl on Nuro. 4(t!n W'<'iirlHonn! )i. CroinweU'M. aJ70 WItlidriiwti-* 'romwi'H'H. iHni WItlilit'ld .lohn Ciibot. iltil fofUKKICKiiri.l KKIM'TATION in lur. AITIBUfK^ADK. Crnt^i rcfiTcfiot'. Perils of a. Brnddoi'k'N dcffiit. 'J7 AlflKItKA. for .XmcrluaiiH " Monroo I)oot."*8()(l Kiitiiro of Am. L.'h prodlotloii. *SI() MIhhIoii of Am. John Adiimg. •«! I I'ropluicy of .\ni. Htormont. *)iv.! Trtinsforraatlon In A.-"l''.of Y."*tfia Mtaccllanciiiiii emiMi-ri'firriiers. ObiioxlouH forelj^ners In .\. KcH-iicd from I'hlllp II. AITIKIiK^ANN. I)est)lm'd by Samuel .IoIimhoii. Hated by Mamiim JolinHon. ('rdOH-ri'fi'rciice. Various ancestry of A. See PAIKIOTISM In lor. AlfHABILITV. Saragps-no word.t for abuse 'Jti AlfllJNK.flENT. Captivated by a.-l^ouls P.ln Ain.*aiO Disappointed In a. -Violent M. *yi7 l(i7 •a 14 771 Mlflcelhini'iHiB cro-ts-roftTCnccH. Absorbed ln-.\d Drake. y.'iSS Brutal u. of Normans. 1,')32 " " " liomans tiladlators. •J()4 in Calamity-Nero. 11 10 Christianity corrects a. -Gibbon. H.'i.'j vs. Clirlntlanlty-Uomans. 810 Conscience vs. a. liunyan. lOH,') Defended then abandoned-C. 835 Devoted to a.-Emj). AiikcUis. Diverts resentment. Habits make a necesalty. Ill-timed a.-C'rorawell's. Inconsiderate of danger. Mind diverted by a. Poor denied a-C^uolts. Profits by a. -Excessive. Provision for a. -Colosseum. Quarrels grow out of a. Tyranny in a. -Spaniards. Unchecked by death. AITIUSEilIENTS. Brutal a. by broadswords. Combat-Roman theatre. 38i»« 3-,'04 3-J'.l5 3tlS.>7 5138 3.'-.20 .'(138 4390 5873 081 S019 5744 6083 ♦218 ♦819 AMI»l'S(AI)K— AN(}i:i-. Delight In a itomans *IM1 Interdicted by I'urltanN In l':nK.*'.'3U Nangulnary u. Kotnnn Clreui. *'i»li Sunday a Kngllsli gamei. *8M Mliicollitnfuiii ornni rtfuri'tireii. ('onceal oppreNslon.-KomanH. Sabbath-day a. Kngllsli. See CIUCfH I'rdKK ri'fertiire. I'4«lonforc. Komans Hi'e 1)A.N( I.N(i. Ccremonl " " " Americans. 771 Depraved a. - Nero's. 1538 " "Confessed. SOOO Disreputable a -John XII. 4.105 Divine a.-Spurlous-Sllenus. 3:180 (ienlusby a.-J. Milton. •33118 Happiness affected by a. :i<'>00 Humble a.-N. II. (iabrlnl. .591 " Diocletian. .595 Nobility of a. ilcsplsed-Nap. 3.v.»3 Pride In honest a. -Napoleon. .3.V.I3 Savage a. of Europeans. 3719 Selected a. Pilgrim Kathers. 3173 Unfortunate a. -Charles I. 303H See IIEKEDITY. of Disposition-Frederick II. •a."I Failure of h. -Howard's father. •33.53 of Character-Charles I. .303"* Contradl(!ted-Orlean8 princes. 337 of Crlme-Cii'sar's family. 3073 Cruelty by h. -Nero. 1347 207? of Disposition-Frederick 11. 3.151 -Melancholy. .3500 -Nero. ,5800 Failure of h. -Cromwell's son. .59,57 of Genius-Watts. 8315 " -Hlalsc Pascal. '3384 In Government. -Monarchy. 8451 -Female llne-I. 24.58 Incompetence by h. -Goldsmith. 4.343 In Mechanics-East Indian. 3r>.37 of Professhm in Egypt. 4486 " Shamelessness- Ferdinand. 806ft See PA KENT iii Inc. ANCiEl.. Supposed an a.-Joan of Arc. *8S8 MiHcellaneous cross-rcferencei. vs. Prlest-Ferdlnand'8 r. for c. 931 Shameful mission of Mahomet's. 63 AN(;KLS— AI'AI'IIV. r<)3 «Tjr (10 1« •,^^^ «outi 4J)05 3fiUU WIS ;i.-',c,> .•).V.I:.' .■iir.i 3038 ■i:«7 :i. liwi r. HMO saco on. nonr 2315 S3S4 S451 le-I. 3458 liith.434!.' 353T 4486 Id. 3060 •-•S8 CiMM^ rifcrt'iirn*. \K InvlNlhl)- a. Maliomot'ii. K5 MiNtaken for n.-HpaiilardN. 01 IM onoe men NwndtinborK. 1577 AJ*UKU. Hyinptom of a. Napoloon. Mli-ci'lliihciiMK crcmn-ri'fiTi'iii'i'K Aiitl rt'llKloiiH a. Hnilal a. Krcd. \Vm. I. Coiilrolltid l)y a.-l'etdr tlio (J. CoHlly a,-i:!l(),(KKi. Kolly of a.-. Milton. KooIIhIi a. •lolin Adai im. KiirlniiH a. Byron'8 mollR'r. of .lealoiiHy Voltal^^^ (»v('r|pow«Min({ a. at n d Cl.W. Qiieiit'hi'd liy roadUiK Koran. " " Koo<<>i>ii' IINI APOMMJV. DuKrkdliiKii. (Uitnunilud liy .l.ll.*v!iH MIkcc liiiK'nim criin" ri'fi'ronciii. AiiHHKln'ii It. t'ltriiciillii, itiKI Doillitfiil II. Miirrliitfr of II. VIII. tnN Wi'iik u. rm- iiiKiuiltiMld. '.'Hn; I A PONT AN V. Opnn 11. cif KoiiiaiiiiH. '•4Til ri'lmltlviui. by iiui'Duoutloii. »aM ('rut*'* rctVit'iiccft. KncouraKnd !>>' Iiiw Maryland. 41 If) Kx|iluliii'd IiKMiiDtlNtoncy. tJTV'l DhiTi'dlliiblr II. IToli'Mtuiit tll.'Ml Uuu(;lli)iii)f fiii'ci'd c;<)iivurtittou.Ot.>U 1 Ucqulrfd iif oniccr. H71 APOSTATIC. I Ml-tt Iliiiii (MIX cro.-'.n ri'lVrcncen. llnliorcd uiiwlMdly, 3177 .shauifful a. .liiMius. l.'ioo Al'OMTATKS. KorRlvoii liy rrlinltlvo < . *ia3 Malice of 11. KiilulitH Templar*. 1030 -.lullan'H. f-u.' TICMTOK />! /,„. AI>4»N'l'lilO. Cr'iN-'lul'fU'liCf. La.st a.-Mulioini't. APPARITION. Helief 111 a. s. ■Iiiliiisiiii. KalHt) u.-"'rtiri'(i kiilKlilM." iH'auclcd a. of Tlio.scun. mil) ('ri»HM-rcfrr('Mci'rt. of the Deatl-Il. Mlllor. 1H19 Sturtlliiif a.-" Kvll senilis." l.:JO SiH' VISIO.N In Inc. APPKAl^. the Only a.-l.ulhor's. ♦ii57 .MIscclliiTU'ims cidsn relCTi'iicos. to Honor-SuuccHHful. mm Usek'BS a.-Haldwln to Lincoln. GS .>8 Dl.spleasin;,' a.-O. Cromwell's. *a(iO FalMO a. -S. Johnson. *'M\ MlsjudRod a.-O. Cromwell. 'iiWl Suspicious a. of Cttsslus. •y(!:i rnpromlsinf; a.-Bp. Oeorpre. *a64 AIMM.OOV-AI'IM.AISK HliccMNful d. Knip Majori'ii. *l)ini Dinioult Uluhunl I. Iir.1 for Kvll diMMln l>olltl;. of i .-P. Surrender to a. II. VIII. Voracious a.-S. Johnson. See AliSTINK.NCE. Certainty by a. S. Johnson. Limit of a.-l'"astln(f. Prudential by experience. Twofold a.-Wlne and water. Unconscious a. Shelley. •.•,;;(i *.-.rr7 ♦57:8 *r.7'o •r.rsi ati'.'i •,';i(j,-i Ml NIIA r.ti77 •.'3;',i CO .'IH'.I I .Ml sit) ',•010 3a»5.' .'11178 i:WI 3<.K)I 31103 *S65 ♦a09 ♦300 ♦■.'07 *aoH 308 3H,'>',' 2183 ♦11 ♦17 *18 In Distress of mind. 3003 " Kxcitcment-(iainblers. CllO " Grief-Wlfe of James II. 0(Hi8 Necessary a.-" One glass." si9.">,5 Nobility in a. -Alexander. Ditor) Self-'jonquest by a.-Muhoniet. 5077 See KOOI). A'.)omlnuble f.-Ilorse-flesh. ♦ai73 Animal Klnir of lluni. •ai74 ('hanK*m m f Kntc 'snik ClioDin f. of Palmurston. *til7fl Dantfuroui I'oUon f. Yuea. ♦'JI77 ICxtravuuaiieii In f.-N. birdi. ♦)il7H Figure by f simrtans ••JI7II Minil afTeetcd by f.-Maliomet 'VlHi) Poor f. Knttland. ♦umt I'liblle f. Spiirt'tn tableii. *^'IN:J Keicard for f.S. JohnmiM. *tllN,i Huspleloui "Wulorlnu place. "'lilHt Variety In f Invention. •IIIH.1 Wonder In f.-London. ♦UlMtl MUoiMuiiuoiia erimn rcrurvncen. Aversion to salt pork-\V. I. il'.tj Animal f. re.jected l'hlloNopli'il.'t7(KI Cantdbalsby iieceHslty. 7il(l Communism In f. Savages. ^iiliii Dungi^roim f. Soldiers. VKi DIvImIoii by f. Scot!. 1013 Kxtravagant f. Tea Uiili) " " rebuked. 'Jiil:l " " -1,(MK) eook«-C. 80113 l-'lrst questlon-Krenoh Kov. 008 Ine(|uallly In f. Mind. IIUNI Intemperance In f. 'J\m MUtake-Camphor vs. Bait. 31101 Neglected in Bludy-Newton ;I7UI Offensive nuinners with f. 31',>1 Orders for f. Unexpected. -riW Pleasure In f. rejected Pascal. Iiwi Dysiieptlcs'. Mai of the Poor Ireland. I.MO Prayer brl.igs f.-MIUler. a(i:i,% Present of f. rewarded. ll.'il " -Ada to Alexander. 0870 Public provision Komans. (l.'i7 Itebelllon against f.-Arniy. 1003 Iteward of ust^fulness. ffiWi Strange theory of f.-Artlst. OOI.') Unappreciated f. Discovery of. 1030 Unsubstantial f.- Perfume. 5770 See KA'I'INO. Cnstom In e. -English. ♦noi " " " Uoman. ♦Koa Conversation in e. -Spartans. " " " desired. Oluttony-IIospltallt y. See IlUNOEU. Insatiable h. of gold-seekcrs. ♦2070 2182 S030 Address to h. difllcult. UOII Desperation of h. -Cannibals. 'lOO Perishing from h. -Siege. 1502 Pressure of h. -Sailors. 1303 See FAMINE. INTEMI'EI{AN(;E, LlCENTlorsNES.H, PASSIONS. und TEMI'EKANC'E lit luc. APPLAVNE. See PUAlSE. AnclontGermans'a.-CIasblng. ^270 Consequence of a. -Inspiration. '271 I-.iulffereuco to a.-Napoleou. ♦273 JIlsccllanoouH cro»ii- references. Distrusted by Cromwell. 3739 Presumi)tlon from a. 8570 See CIIEEIlINCi. Effective-" Yelling regiment." ♦788 •J175 •HI 7(1 •ai77 ♦ai7H ♦KI7I» ••.'INI •Vina •aiwi "•«|K| •aiMrt ♦WIMtl IICl'H. IIVHI |>Ii'm.'17iKI Ulllll ITI l!il;i yiiiii yrii.i . aw 1.1 llllHI i.'iwi .'IBDI ;)7o» .•Mv'l ■1(W| My I I.Mi) yd.').-) 'ii.'ii dor. fiH7(i (i.-,7 I!H1.') S3n;i ;■ oois Y of. Ifi-lfl r>77!) •I7(!I *17(W 8. aiKa .1000 8030 9. •S87() APPLK'.iTION. NuKlwutitil liivi'iilloii itt III II. *y7a AFPOIIMTITIKNT. KiiiliHrruHMiiii'iil lijr a. of A. *V7'I IliimllliitUitf Ik r tuksHlnu I'vciitii I, X VMK77 WlUiout a. of coin. liikrliHrluiiii.*!<7H MUui'lluiiociiix cri.Kii raffrvnct'ii. Dvjiiyoil rikmiJlMn l.oNt for illO. linprenK.'il \>y n. of Nlav(,i*-I.. APPIIKIIKINNION. I 'niHM riffn'rn'*!. of Uvll'donrn IlriitiiM. S..I AI.AK.M i„ /.(.•. APPIIKNTKKN. MlNCflllllM-nUn (Tdrill tl'fVri llCl'l. Abimed by liibor mid wlilppliiK. 70H 4in nil 1180 " ovtM'work. ;%UtiKDi;<:TN. Btiiiotltg of It. Koine. (I 1 1 it ti lotroduutloii ii' li. -Plymouth. AKHITHATIOIV. Ueji'ctud by Kuk. Napolooii. 7W 459 40U bOfil •U79 MlxcelUneaua iro»n rcfiTi'iicfs. Coiitldc'noe In a. Kurbarlikiis. Pearo by a.-U. H. vh. Kiiif. Heltloment t)y- Alabama claims <%H(?IIITIC<'T. Wren, tlits khmU KnitllHb a. AH<;HITKCTirKK. Huimty In \unU: a. <'oTnpo«lt;) order In a. Defective Egyptian a. Kxci'lleiiue of (ireek a. (llldi'd a. of Itoinan Capitol. Improved liomun a. InHtriictlon by ii. In ruins. MH«nltk'cnt a. 'Pt.'iiiplc of U. Opportunity in <. I.onilon (Ire. I'rcsorviitlon of a. by (iotlis. Prophecy In a. of Colosseum. l{ell({ion bi (llvorso a. liomun a.-TuHcim order. Simplicity In Doric a. Stupendous a. -Chinese Wall. Sublime (Jothlc a. afll7 I.MI,') iH'ir, •awo ••JHI •8H3 •as I •aH.") •awi •awr •anH •8H!I •auo •afli •aiia •su;) •2111 •afl.-) •atio M IsoclhiiH'dii.* cr(l^s rclfrt'nct'8. ArKunu!!it against 11. Savajfc. 37113 Beautiful a.. Most -Mausoleum. 60IJ1 HulIdliiK chocked by law. Costly 11. -St. Sophia. aooi Wi.") H(iO 888 rm API'MCATION-AHMY iKiioruni'u III a I'likiiuwiiarcli '.'K'i IlllMieiiie H CtMiti'iililKl JUKI liidcHtriietlbliMi Ti'liipli' of .1. I.Mm Mttitnlflci'iit Ii Koiiiun batlii. tiM) Palatial ii 'I'lmoiir'a, Mi:i Plain ilwiilllnuM spartan. I7.M Uenown by Ik Perli'lioi. 171111 I'selflUNik Pyraiiild-totnbit, .vuv Vanity In a. PyniinliU. aWi.') Wonderful a liaalbnc 3.'iua s.... lil'ii.niNU. ColoNNal b. Colomieiini. 'W\ (Ipponeil UelKllor.l II. 'llHa Itilliied by b. .M. CrikKiiun. •88.) Division III b. ttoimiliis Itciiiuit H'.h HIM I 3739 «570 Deception In a. -Temple of H. Destroyod-Temple of Serapls Destructive to life- Earthquakes. *ia Destruction of priceless-Nero. 389 Oreatnesg erlnced in a.-Alex. 8485 I'rolilblti'd In London. 8..' illlliril. Kruotlon KntbUNlastlc. •Ntl.i Ituwardcd. •Htii UubulldliiK temple Mocca. •h74 .H..' I'AI.AI'IC. Humble p. of Tartam. •3978 8ut AUsuN in Inc. AHDOH. Soldier* a. Ullnd .lohn Crecy. •;1I7 Sm: y.y.M. ill tuc. AHdilimKNT. Possible Slealln« defended .1. ^898 Ueservod a. -Violence .Johnson. •89(1 Useless a. of •JiimeN II. to r,. •.'tiMi MUoellaiH'tnii criiHs rcftTt'iircrt. Abandoned for resentment. 8i)lo by Abuse S. •lohnsou. 8(101 Deceptive a. -Sophists. 888.1 Declined by obstinacy. .')i)l9 Possible axiklnst art. X'M Powerless witli blKots. 8781 UcadlnesM In 11. -Sophists. .')7.').') 'rraliied in use of a.-KomauN. IH.^r I'selcss .lohnson. •■|>*8.-| with .laineH II. :im.-,.1 Si..- CiiN'TKOVKKSY ami DKIIAIK in ;...■. AltlNTO<'HA()V. in Hattie Koninn. •.to! Kxpense of a.-Itomans. •.108 Koactlon for a. Puritans. •.'i03 Uuinof a.-(ireeks. •:iol MIscelliiiU'diis cross.nfi'rencn. Hrutal pleasures Normiins. 1.'!.'18 Kule of a. Murdensonie-\ a. 81 l.i s,.i. cAsrio. Absence of c. -Irish kincs. *7I9 Aniflo-Saxon e.-(ii'rmiiny. "':i» Uarbarlan c.-iiauls. ♦781 of Ulrth Italians. *788 KnKlish e. " Horn Kreat." •78:! Hostility to c. American. *78l In Judgment (;. Kllzabeth. *78.") National c.-l''rench. ♦781! " -Kntflisb. ♦737 Id Parliament.-" Worsted 9." *788 Prejudice ofc. Parliament. *789 Misccllani'iius crcjss rcfiTeni'i'S. Absence of c. -Manufacturers. 17C1 llroki'ii <' Ptiy>lrliiiiii. 1170 In chiirrh Aaron lliirr. 8.MV DeittruetlVe to Itir hiate DL'-iiise destroys three-fourths 471 of KinlKranIs (lolhs. WS Invlsilile a. Ponipey's. i;i(ir> Politics In the I'. S. a. -Polk. 87(1 Small a. s men Stiindlsh. 5909 Slandlnna. endiinuers the State. 410 Wasted a.-Cru.iiiders. 1C0(1 .Mc.liKNKUAl.S. Too miiny (f-Miieeiionians. ♦3881 (ivcrraleil Pdiiip.y-Accident. .'•ii' liK\KKAL.> .'laiO :!83l •5888 ♦.laaii ♦.')830 ♦.7831 ♦.VJ.32 ♦.'-.8.33 ♦.lasj 034 I 700 AIU{i:ST-AI{T8. Clerical b. IJ|). Oosselln. Doubtful st.-Kirst buttle Oreiitost Houiim s.-Cirsar. Uoiiored-Kiillen 8. Indignity to 8.-Juak)usy. Moral eslliiiatu of 8. -Drake. <)verrat«d-(ieneral Chas. Lee. I'ursUteiii, 8. Mohamiuodau. I'oor s. descrtbod. I'rayer of 8. -J. Astley. vs. Si'lioolniastei'. Si.ccess of 8.-UomarUabio-C. TerrlfyliiK s. Nap. le.ives Klba Voluntt-er when uei^dod-W. '• -Capt.y.' Sco SDLDIERS. rholco s.-Itldeinen. C(>'oiiiul 8. -Now Kut;land. Dauntless 8.-Kfank«. Defensive s.-Ureek Empire. Disobedient s. -EnsfUsh. Keai-ful s. Konians. Uravos of s.-Deeorated. invulnerable s. -Asiatics. Maitned-Supported by (iov't. Marked-IIand-Eaee. Misnamed-" Kirko's Lambs." Model s. -Cromwell's. Nation of s. Uauls. Notorlou8-\Vilsor''9 Zouaves. Odd s. -Cromwell's. Piety of s. -Cromwell's. (• »( 11 Poor s. described. I'rofessional-Laceda-moi.lans. tonality of s.-'Tomwell's. Terrible s.-.Ia dzaries. Unqualified s. of Charles H. 9.'ir 4;m'J aiXK) 4789 2507 017t 437(1 5088 4M-J 41UU 40(i.") ' 4(178 *5a35 ■*5i3(! *5i>37 *r.-ni ♦5243 *',>a:. *r)-,'4G »5a47 '»5248 •5249 ♦5251 ♦.')2r>2 '*.'>2r)3 *r)2.54 ♦saw Hulo of M. -Cromwell. Su(!ces8ful in early life. SuCferiiib' of s. -Valley Fortjo. Superstition of Eni?. s. Supported by booty Trajan \V Valuable s. -Napoleon's aides. Sl'm wak, ARHEiiT. I'ndeservedja.-J. Uiinyan. Athletic s.-Koman. 1827 burdened s.-Homan. 2.")2() Controlled by gentleness. V>r>d <.;ouraKe or Disfcraee. I'i3(i Degraded to citizens Ca?sar'8. 3750 Desertion of s. -Plunder. 2417 Devotion-Swedes to Chas. XIL 1239 Discipline of s.-Severe-G. XII. 4174 Enthusiasm of Confederate s. 1907 Exasperated by s. -Patriots. 3517 Female s. of Crusade. C142 " " -Mussulmans. 6141 " -Dahomey. 6140 vs. Followers-Persians-C!. 3831 Inexperienced c. -Mistakes. 2813 Inferior s.-Irlsh-James II. 317 Irritated by precedence. 4400 Marching of s.-Kemarkable. 3427 Misplaced s.-In navy. 2718 Orphans' of s.-Ed. by State. 40(M " " " adopted by S. 58 Piety of Eng. s.-Puritans. 4390 Poor impressed as s.-The. 4292 Praying s. -English Kevolution. 4378 " " -of Cromwell's. 4385 Provision for veteran s.-R. 177 Quality better th m quantity. 4590 4591 Religious s.-Oomwell's, 764 Remarkable s.-Cajsar's. 4484 5819 Revolt of s.-Ara. Rev.-Diet. 48'^2 8433 4874 0187 2308 Ii4(;0 . 033 28H1 *318 MiHcellanL'<>us cross rt'Cvruuces. Defeated-C. 1. -Commons. 413 Escape by emigration 4000 Sudden a. of all Jews in Eng. 7 10 AHHOdtANCIi:. Answered-Charles V. CldldlBli-Xerxea- fetters-sea. Iniiu'.tluK a.-Attila. "-Chas. V. ♦319 ♦320 ♦321 ♦321 Ml.scullam'ou.'* cr()ss-.-t'fi'reiici'.s Boasffula.-Disabul the Turk. Clerical a. in politics. !.ofty a. of Attila. National a.-Englisli. Peril in a.-Braddock's defeat. See HAU(JHTI.\E.-<.-<. Lordly h. of Sapor. 3»4 920 4929 322 323 97 IIumbled-Klngly-Cromwen. 20«3 SeeC'UN"EIT in hic. ARSON. Destruction by a.-Chi>sroes. ♦324 (.'ross-rcfiTLMico. Suspected of a. -Nero. 1287 ART. Age of .ino a.-Greece. ^325 Conquest by a.-Cwsar. ♦sao Corrupted by a.-Romans. ♦.327 | Deformity in a. -Chinese. ♦328 Destruction of a. -Nero. ^329 " "-Puritan's. *330 " "-Roman. ♦33i Destructive to life. ♦333 Educated in a.-Romans. *3,'i'i Estimate of a. low-S, Johnson. ♦;}34 Frivolous a.-Theophilus. ♦;i35 Inspiration in a.-Italiana. ♦336 Origin of a.-Necessity. *337 " -Egyptians. ♦SSS Periods of a. ♦339 " "-Roman. ^340 Pleasures of a. -Preferred. ♦341 Protected by Climate. *M2 " " a. -Syracuse. ♦343 Revival of a. -Italy. ^344 " -15th century. ^345 Sclioolsof a.-Three. ♦340 Superiority in a.-Masters. ^347 " " " -Rapiiael. ♦348 Treasures of a. -Napoleon I. ^349 Value of a. -Cannon. ♦SSO Miscellaneous cross-references. Condemned by Puritans. 1114 Destruction of valuable, by Are. 2141 Imitation in a. 3744 Impressive a. Pyramids. 53H0 Indifference to a. Saracens. 3.591 Leisure required by a. 25*24 LostOreek fire. 2143 Misapplied Monument. 5780 vs. Nature-Bread-tree. 3793 Painting Illustrates-Johnson. .i977 Periods of a. History. 2'2»7 in a»- Arabs. 125 Pioneers in Eng. a.-Wren-II. 280 Practical vs. abstract a. 85;V) Unappreciated by (iot lis. 3401 Undeveloped in a. -Englishmen. 289 Science allied to a. 35;iO " contributory to a. 5048 Surpassed by nature. 859 Zeal for a.-Protogeues. 6815 ARTISANS. Capture of a.- Silk-weavers. ♦•'i5l Wagesof a.-England, 1680. ^352 S.e MK('IIAM(;S in loc. ARTS. Ancient a. in war. *:m Encouraged by Coitstantlne. ♦•'554 Obsolete a.-" Knitting, s." *355 Subsidized for rellgic:' »:i50 MlsoelluiK'oiiscrossrrri'ieiico.s. Affinity of a. for each other. .'WD Age of discoveries in a. Iia2 Religion favors a. 3ti80 Useful a. advanced-Davy. 3290 Wealth required for a. 3055 Seo DANCINO. Ceremonious d. -Am. lud. '3. *VW> Delight in d.-Eng. 10th cent. ♦1;W7 Idoiutrous-Lasclvious-Rome. 2085 Mystic d.-Wost Indians. *Vi>... 2T4-J 53fl0 !. 3591 85S4 8MU 57*) arm m. .1077 2307 I. 880 35;i') 3401 nen. 880 3530 SOW 869 6815 ♦358 ♦.■ir),-! *.«i *355 ■■m Stisti 3890 3()r>5 I See I'AlNTKK. Celebrated Eng-J. Ueynolds. ♦3970 Iiiveution of telennipiiy by p. 8989 Sif TAINTINO. lUuHtratea-no Information. *3977 Defects In Chinese p.-Def()rmlty.388 Imitation In p, -Servile, IMli C. ;M5 Schools of p. -Florence, etc. 841 Supremacy in p.-Uaphael. 340 Sie S('t'i,l'TOK. Mental s.-So(Tates. *505G Nubility in-"Eteniallze fame."*5057 See STAT UK. Honored by s.-Cato. Immense s. -Apollo. See STATUARY. Destroyed-Uuln of paganism. 331 Mutilated by Romans. 387 Uuappreclated-S. Johnson. 334 Ste AUCHITECTUUE uml .liS- THETICISM in toe. •5337 *.')388 ASCETICISm. Escape from a. -J. Wesley. Exercise of a. -Asiatics. ASCKTIC'S. Early a. -Roman. See ACSTEKlTY in luc. ASPBRITV. Cross-reference. Excu^sablo a.-Mlsfortunes. ASSASSIN. UUeelliineous crosa-references. IIonored-Emp. Caracalla. " -Bothwell. Married by wife of victim. Motive-Named with victim. Religious a. of Henry III. Victim, Mistake of. ASSASSINS. Hatred of a.-Cffisar's. Infamous a.-Llncoln's. Religious a.-l'ersia. *358 ♦357 ♦359 3539 1133 3188 3437 2058 1107 2804 ♦.378 ♦373 ♦374 AaCETICIS:.!— ASYLUM. Attempted a. by Jesuits. Common-Relttn of Wm. I. Denounced-of I'wsar. DlsKraoe of a.-James II. Failure of a.-Commodus. by Gov't-Rlchard III. Horrified by Cjesar's a. Plot for a. of Elizabeth. Polltlcal-Duke of Gloucester. Reaction of a.-on Henry II. Responsibility for a.-IIenry II Resort to a. -Nero-Mother. Revenfce by a.-J. Hamilton. Scheme of wholesale a. " " -Rosamond's. " " -Catherine de M.'s. Shocking a. of Rlzzlo. Terror of a.-Emp. Augustus. Mlscellaueous cro9»-refi rences. Deceived by Mahomet. 2495 Justifled-H. Dustin-Indlan's a. 3739 Partisan a.-Blue and green. 970 Rebuked by f. honors-Caesar's. 3251 ' -Llncoln's.23,54 Struggle with a.-Pizarro. 1008 Terror of-Nationalpanic-Eng. 3988 ASSASSINATION. Attempted-Louis Philippe. -Victoria. " -Victoria. Conspiracy for a.-British Cab. Deliverance by a.-IIenry III. Escape from a.-Llncoln. Fear of a. -Cromwell. General a. In Ireland. Justlfled-Phllip of Greece. Patriotic a. of Csesar. Peril of a. -Cromwell. Remarkable a.-Caesar's. ♦300 ♦301 ♦368 ♦303 ♦304 ♦365 ♦366 ♦367 ♦.368 ♦369 ♦370 ♦371 MlBcellaneouB oroBs-references. Ambition provoked a. ofCaesar. 184 3009 3010 1135 2855 4080 3003 3742 1138 4948 3103 6145 8609 1347 4861 1140 67 6000 2087 3891 ASSAULT. MlacellaneouB criws-refereiiccs. of Jealousy-Romans. Reparation for a.-Cheap. Severe penalty for-i;30,000. See ATTACK. Inconsiderate a.-Crusaders. Unexpocted-From above. In Rear-Alarming. Success by a.-Marathon. A»;sEifiBi.ii<:s. Interdlcted-Keliglous-Eug. ASSE1TIBI.Y. Mtscellaneoiis cr s-refereiice.s. Immense-Centennial year,lH76. " -80,000 p.-Colosseum. Popular a. opposed. Unwleldy-80,000 priests. ASSESSMENTS. Political a.-Emp. Maxentlus. See TAXATION in he. ASSISTANCE. Energetic a. of Pompey. 3897 3808 4103 ♦390 ♦391 8183 407 ♦375 40S4 OHl 84.'-.3 ;3833 ♦370 ♦377 Cross-references. Refused wlsely-To son. 2030 Response to Mahomet's call. I'ij See ALLIES. Invisible a. -Mahomet's angels. ♦IVS Rejected by Congress-L. '\76 Abandoned by a.-Adversity Neglected by a.-Thebans. Personal a. by fear. Union with a. Impossible. Sec HELP. Fictitious h.-Apostate Julian. ♦2549 95 405 1,>13 3835 767 ANNOTATES. Dangerous a.-J. Howard's son. ♦378 Impure a. -Sir I. Newton. ^379 Influence of a. -Peter the Groat . ♦3H0 MlBcellancoua eroasrifureiiee^. Burial of living a. Barbarians. Dangerous a.-(iueen of Scuts. Despicable a. -.lames II. Selection of a.-Johnson. Uncontaminated by evil a. ASSOCIATION. Miscellaiieims cross references. Changed by a. -Greeks. Contaminated by prison a. Controlled by a. \. Pope. Dangerous a. with Theodora. l)estructlve-"Artemus Ward." Religious a. prized. Repelled-John Milton. Ruinous a. -Gamblers. " to Nero. Unity by a. -Cromwell. -Fox. Delayed till needless. 4083 Divine h. needed-Lincoln. 4380 from God the best-Joan of Arc. 1559 Necessary h.-Briton's appeal. 2016 Withheld makes manhood. 1500 See HELPERS. Dependence on "Auxiliaries."^ 2550 Acknowledged by Newton. 1631 Repelled by insincerity. 2041 Sustained by h.-Llncoln. 68 Valuable h.-Napoleon's aides. 2834 084 1171 5177 11.57 .5030 1805 .5804 »m 4,5:« 3883 80O3 8701 2373 3819 5749 ASSOCIATIONS. Benefieiiil a. -Marcus Aurelius. *388 (iuild of a.-Kiig. A.D. 1314. ♦381 Protective a.-Anglo- Saxons. ♦:«;) Miscellaneous cross-references. Contaminating a.-Lutlier at R. 896 Dangers from a. in governmemt. 408 Effect of early habits and a.-N. 509 Horrifying a. of London Tower. 745 Unimproved by good a. -Indians. 904 SeeCLUliS. Ancient c.-" Inimitable llvers."^962 Organization of old English c. 381 See TRADES-UNION. Objection to t. u. -Caste. ♦.■>063 Opposition of t. u.-Jas. Watt. ♦.5603 Oppressive t. u. -James Watt. ♦.■>0(>4 Prohlblted-Engiand. ♦•^eos ♦5006 See FRIENDS anil INFLUENCE in loo. ASSUMPTION. Boastful a. of Dlsabul the T. ♦384 3787 »m5 Cross-reference. Rebuked-Blshop Coke. See ARROGANCE iii loc. ASTROE.OCY. Regard for a. -Roman omens. Miscellaneous cross-references. Crime proven by a. 19'''3 Faith In a.-Charles II. 5443 ASTRONOMY. Anticipations of a.-B.c. 040. ^380 Miscellaneous cross-references. Advanced in A.-Egyptians. 35.W Discoveries In a.-(iaUleo. Heretical a.-GalUeo. Ignored a.-CreduUty of M.'s. Impresslveness of a. ASTliUM. of Refuge-Rome. 3088 2721 3023 2375 ♦;«7 Cross-reference. Poor man's-Colony of Georgia. 538 768 ATHEISM— AVARICE. I ^ ATHEISin. MiscelUneoii] croM-referencM. Concealod-Romans. Tried- Kejeotod-Pranoe. ATHEISTS. CrosB-refereiice. Nation of a.-No. ATHLBTE. Remarkable a.-Tliraolan. Royal a.-IIt!ury II. 2668 2370 4737 ♦388 ♦389 Mlacellancoua croaareferences. Moral weakness of Mllo. B9C0 Strong a.-Father of Jefferson. sa.'iS " "-OeorKo Washington. 5859 ATHLETES. Mlacellaueous eruas-rofurcDcea. Early training of a. -Persian. " " " " -Spartans. Education of a.-Roraan. Female a. -Spartans. Military a.-Uoraan. Trainee a.-Roman soldiers. ATMOSPHERE. CrdS.i-refercnCD. Convulsions by a.-Oracle. ATONEinENT. Mlacellaueous croaareferenceB. Belief of Am. Indians, or Vengeance-Am. Indians. ATTACK. Inconsiderate a.-Crusaders. Unexpected a. from above. 1770 1817 1778 1817 1887 6678 8947 5158 4848 ♦390 ♦391 £183 467 2897 2868 4102 OrosB-refcrenceB. in Rear-Alarming. Success by a.-Marathon. See ASSAULT. Jealous a.-Romans. Reparation for a. -Cheap. Severe penalty for a. -£80,000. ATTENTION. C'rosa-reference. Commanded-Heralds. 6161 AUCTION. Miacellaneona crosa-rererences. Infamous a.-Roman throne. 3078 Marriage promoted by a. 3484 AUBACITY. Brazen a.-Oatlllue. *3(ja Deceived by a. of Napoleon. ♦393 Desperation of a. -Indians. ^394 Mlacollaneoua croaa-roferences. Presumptuous a.-CatlUne. Success by a.-Joan's attacks. " " " -Pompey. Undaunted a.-Bothwell's. Women of Paris-Hevolutlon. See ARROGANCE. Answered-Charles V. Childish a.-Xerxes-Sea. Insulting a. of AttUa. Boastful a.-Dlsabul. Clerical a. In politics. U 4( 44 41 Lofty a.-Attlla. National a.-England. See PRESUMPTION, Poollsh p.-Emperor Rlenzi. 1201 190C 6310 5838 658 ♦319 ♦320 ♦321 384 980 4989 388 323 ♦4443 Reward of p. -Indignity. Ridiculed by Parthlans. by Success-Capt. Lawrence. Successful p. of three men. of Youth-Naslca. " " -Pompoy. " " -Louis XIV. ♦4444 1718 8670 1076 2814 6810 6809 AUDIENCE. Mlaccllaneoua crossrefercncea. Necessary for great oratory. 3952 Speaker impressed by a. 4822 AUGUKir. Book of a.-Chlnese. ♦395 Building by a.-Clty of Rome. ^396 See OMENS in toe. AUSTERITY. Example of a.-Younger Cato. ^397 Monkish a. In Egypt. ♦398 vs. Profligacy-Stuarts restored. ♦399 Religious a.-Rev. John Newton. ♦400 " "-PrlsclUlanlsts. ^401 " -Monks, A.D. 370. ^403 MlBCellancoua croaa-referencea. Amusements suppressed by P. Hurtful a.-Unnecessary. Imagination Inflamed by a. with LlcentlousnesB-Spartans. Reaction against a. -Puritans. Refuge In a.-Melancholy. Religious a. -St. Francis. " -Puritans. " -Pascal. " " -Pillar saints. (t li u ti " " -ineffective. " -Rev. Bramwell. in Vlrtue-Stoloal. See SEVERITY. Disgraceful s. -James Bagge. Parental s.-Roman. 1169 2090 ul37 303 3563 3364 4807 4681 4706 6018 4770 5085 5848 ♦5123 ♦5124 for Cowardice-Brother's. 1873 Cruel s.-Aurellan. 4578 Governmental-Edward Floyd. 4568 Merciful s.-Crom well's. Parental s. -Luther's father. Reaction of s.-Aurellan. " " -Commodus. Success by s.-Peter the Great. AUTHOR. Humillated-Prederlck the G. Rapid a.-Samiiel Johnson. Unnotlced-Humlllated-S. J. 4577 4573 1542 1591 2875 ♦403 ♦404 ♦405 MiacellaneouH ciosa-references. Fame, Sudden-Byron. 2057 Rebuked for adulation. 2156 Shameful a.-Patrons. 1485 Successful a. -Exceptional. 3286 AUTHORS. Miscellaneous croas-referencea. Importunity of a.-Patrons. '98 Unappreciated. -Milton-C, etc. 630 AUTHORSHIP. Anxieties of a.-S. Johnson. ^418 Imputed a.-" Margaret N." ♦419 Originality in a.-Thomas J. ^480 Qualified a.-The Stamp Act. ^481 Reward of a.-Flnancial-J. M. •4» MlaeelUneoua croaa- references. Certified- Youthful-Bryant. Confusion in reputed a. Inferred-LIbellous. Prohibited Judges-Comedy. Responsibility for a.-Regrets. Rewarded liberally-Pope. Supposititious a.-Libellous. Sec LITERATURE in he. AUTHORITY. Absolute a. necessary In war. " " -Early Romans. " " -Turks. Acknowledged a.-Franks in G. Assumed-Oliver Cromwell. Dependence on parental a.-H. by Gentleness-Joan of Arc. Imprudence with a. Necessary a. -Military. Personal a.-Am. Indians. Popular a.-Cliaa. L humiliated. Supreme a.-Joan of Arc. 2320 3771 1167 3038 1249 3317 1106 •406 ♦407 ♦408 *409 *4]0 *411 ♦118 ♦413 ♦414 ♦41S ♦416 "417 MlacellaneouB cioBB-refcrencea. Arbitrary a.-£dward I. 710 Autocratic a. of Henry VIII. 424 " '■ " Pompey. 423 Beneficial, Arrogated a.-Popes. 4308 Bought with money-iaylla. 3877 by Character- Aristldes. 760 Command without a. 4041> Common a. -Spartan c.-Horses. 808 Conflicting a.-Capt.Wadsworth.3956 " -Inspiration. 889a Confusion of a.-Gov't of Acre. 2415 Delegated to the Pope-Indulg. 827 Dlsregarded-Pope Innoce't III. 4934 Divided a.-Failure. 975 Greatest act of personal a. 4741 Intolerable to Am. Indians. 3780 Investment r :. a.-R. censor. 746 Parental a.-Perfect-Harmf ul-H. 806 Possession oi a.-Cromwell. 881 Power gives a.-Joyce. 4368 Recognition of a. by sjrmbols. 173 Representative of a.-I. H. VI. 790 Sjrmbol of a. lost-Seal. 506O Unrecognized by Charles I. l.'iOO Usurpation of a.-Pretext. 2855 See GOVERNMENT and OBEDIENCE in loc. AUTOCRAT. Military a.-Pompey. •423 Royal a.-Heiiry VIII. ♦434 See RULER in loc. AVARICE. Acquired habit-S. Johnson. ♦ISS of Clergy-15th century. •426 Contempt for a. of Ruflnus. •427 Corrupted by a.-Romans. * 488 Criminal a.-London tailors. *429 Deception of a. -Henry VII. ♦430 Demands of a.-Henry VIL ♦431 Glory in a.-Cato the censor *433 Official a.-John of Cappadocla.*4.33 Punished a. of Crassus. ♦434 Royal a.-Henry VIII. ♦436 " " -Wm. the Conqueror. ♦436 " ' " -George II. ♦487 -J. M. •4ak erences. int. 2389 3771 1167 3038 3317 1166 •406 ♦407 •408 :s In G. ♦409 sll. *4]o a.-H. ♦411 re. *4i2 ♦413 ♦414 ♦41& lated. ♦41ft •417 ences, 710 [II. 424 423 opes. 4308 3877 760 404» 'ses. 808 orth.,S96S 2893- ore. 2415 Ulg. 827 HI. 4934 975 4741 3780 740 i-H. 806 821 4362 8. 173 I. 790 506O l.-TO 8855 •423 ♦424 AWAKENING— BATTLK. rco Ruled by a.-Commodus. *4.38 Shameful a.-Courtlers of J. II. ♦439 Supremacy of a. -Confederates. ^440 Miscellanooua croHS-refercnces. Appeal to a. of James I. Conflsoations to-C'allt?ula. vs. Contempt-Uomaus. Craze of a.- Gold-seekers. Crimes of a. suppressed. Degraded by-Theodora. Endangers the State-Eng. Euthnslasra of-Gold-seekers. Forgotten-Rebuilding temple. Heartless a.-Rome-Famino. Incapable of-Alexander. an Instrument, not an end. Reputation lost by a.-Demos. Royal a.-MaxImin. Shameful a.-Courtlers of J. II. of Slavery-English Prisoners. Victims cf-Gold-seekers. " -Official. War by a.-East India, with Wealth-Pythius. 4478 1352 5757 2388 3655 1583 1615 2389 863 2079 1673 3080 672 1049 607 5183 2390 2.103 5879 4881 Woman's a. -Court of James II. 6041 Miscellaneous croas-references Spiritual-Bunyan. 1180 a 569 -Terrible-Bunyan. 5160 -Mrrtin Luther. 1178 -Terrifying-Nelson. 1189 " -Bunyan. 1191 -A. Clark. 1181 -Bartley Campbell. 4103 -H. D. Gough. 1179 -Misery in. 1193 -Melancholy-Fox. 3564 -by Prayer. 1188 -Unhappiness by. 1198 AJVIE Effect of a.-Persian king. ♦441 Silence of a.-Battle of the Nile.^442 See REVERENCE. Excessive r.-Wm. Pitt. Filial r. -Alexander, for Parents. -Ancients. Religious '•.-Pagans. ♦4867 ♦4868 ♦4869 ♦4870 AWKtVARDNESS. And Agllity.-Poet Shelley. ♦443 Exhibited-Etiquette. 1586 BABE. Miscellaneous eross-roferencee. Influence of b. -Pardon. 4001 Supposititious b. -Believed. 3913 See INFANTS. in Ileaven-Swedenborg. ♦2818 BACHEIiOR. MiRcellancoua croas-references. Relief for b. -Negotiator. 3461 t'nhappy b. -Noble-Kosciusko. 3341 BACHELORS. Dlscarded-Council of Ancients. ^444 Forced to marry-Rome. ^445 •■unlshed-Spartans. ^446 BALDNESS. Illustrated by b.-Emp. Carus. ^447 BANISHmENT. Inhuman-Colonists of Arcadia. ^448 3968 5038 4117 4145 3969 3630 Miscellaneous crojs-referenccs. by Ballot-OOOO-Atbenians. Cruel b. of H. Williams. Priests from Ireland. Sudden liasty b.-Vuudois. UnJ ust-Ostracism Voluntary-L. Bonaparte. BANNER. Mlscallancous cross-references. Devotion to-Mohammedan. 2567 Inappropriate-Paschal Lamb. 5845 of Industry-Leather apron. 8811 Influence of b.-Mexican. 4088 Rescued by valor-Cadiz. 651 Shocking b.-Mary Stuart. 5110 Slgniflcant-" Don't tr'd on me." 3939 BANK, Cross-reference. Prejudice against national b. 4409 BANKERS. riundered-Jewish-Eiigland. ^449 Prejudice against b.-Lombards.*4B0 Miscellaneous cross-references. Injustice to b.-Charles IL 2892 Patriotic b.-R. Morris. 3059 Prejudice against Jewish. 449 BANKRUPTCY. . Predicted-National-British. ' ^451 Cross-reference. Courage in b.-Sir Walter Scott. 98 BANaVET. Extravagant b. -Court of R. ♦453 Cross-reference. Prevented by death-Mrs. J. See FEAST. Ale-feast of old England. Banquet of death. " -Indians. Deception in display. Drunkenness usual. Extravagant f. -Roman, of Fools and asses-C.-I.-F. Humiliation at a f .-Goldsmith Painful thoughts at a f. Wedding f .-Grandsons of T. BAPTISM. Procrastinated-Christlan pros. 105 1740 1404 1425 3708 2982 2923 .■«71 8,50 2664 2645 741 453 Miscellaneous cross-references. Second b. -Roger Williams. 454 Trust in b.-Vices. 4724 BAPTISTS. Pioneer of B.-Roger Williams. ^454 BARBARITY. to Animals-Horses-18tb Cent. ^455 BARBER. Miscellaneous cross-references. Ostentatious b. rebuked. 1667 Superlative-lOOO-Constantine. 3903 BARBERS. Surgical b.-Eng.-lOth century. *i!A MltccUaneous croia-refcrences. Carelessness of b. punished-L. 738 Surgeons in lOtli century. 454 BARGAIN. Foolish b.-lndians. ♦4,57 Misccllr .leous crossri'fereiicos. Aversion to making a b.-J. Watt.689 Confirmed by alms. by Distress of owners-M. C. Satisfactory b. -Trinkets. See liUSINESS in loc. BARRICADE. Cross-ri'fi'ri'iice. Unsuccessful b. of chains. BASENESS. Matrimonial b.-IIenry VIII. 4300 683 5771 60B ♦458 MIscellani'ous cross-references, Bastard-Self-coiiressed-Ferd. 2068 Dastardly b. -Author. 1485 .SeeDEl'KAVITY in loc. BASTARD. (_'ros8-reft'rence. Self-confessed-Ferdinand. 8066 BATH. Miscellaneous cross-references. Health restored by-Napoleon. Involuntary-Prison b. Licenfcious-Sexes-Spartan. Perilous b. of Ale:;andei. " -Young Arnold. Renewing-Fountain of Youth BATHS. Common b. of Romans. Magnificent b. of Romans. BATTLE. Bloodless b.-Brenneville. " " -Fort Sumter. Bloody b.-Towton. Cry in b.-Naseby. Decisive b.-Chseronea. Disparity in b.-Arbela. Famous b. -Marathon. " " -Mantinea. Great b.-Austerlitz. " " -Cressy. " " -Aglncourt. " " -Blenheim. " " -Jena. " " -Leuthen. " " -Navarino. " " -The Nile. " " -Rossbach. ■' " -Trafalgar. " " -Ulm. " " -Vittoria. " " -Wagram. " " -Waterloo. Ineffective-Island No. 10. Preparation for b. -Hastings. Religion in the b.-Siege of D. Terrific b.-Mobile Bay. Useless b.-New Orleans. 3552 1385 6137 1048 2122 6196 ♦459 ♦460 ♦461 ♦462 ♦463 ♦464 ♦465 ♦466 ♦467 ♦488 ♦469 ♦470 ♦471 ♦478 ♦478 *474 ♦47» ♦476 ♦477 •478 ♦479 ♦480 ♦481 ♦482 ♦483 ♦484 ♦485 ♦48» ♦487 Miscellaneous cross-references. Bloody naval b.-Paul Jones. 1748 UATTLE-CUV— HENEVOLKNCK. ! i i i Coarage in b.-Maroiua. 1333 Declslve-Short-Atflncourt. 3H.'i4 Disparity of losses-N. O. 8331 Eairerness for b. -Stone ballot. IMO Hard'fouKht b. of Crecy. SO" Important-Paisalia. 301 Lost-No amniunition-S. 3330 Naval-AIabama-Keargarjfe. 3WI9 I'erlla of b.-Napoleoii at Arcis. 047 " " Lodl. (H8 rnlnteresting b. to Dr. Ilai • ey. 0^8 I^seless b.-Freilerlcksburg. KWfl Youthful-Cromwell anil Cha8.I.U203 BATTLE-CRY. Mlscclliiiu'iius erii8»reference». of Crusaders-" God wills It." asa'i " Puritans-" God la with us." 404 BATTLK-FIEIiD. Fruitful b.-Hlood-fattened. *.188 BATT1.BS. Decisive b. -Fifteen. BKARD. Slgnincant b.-\Valter Scott. *489 •490 Mil ocllaneoua cronn-referc'ices. Changed by b. -Lincoln advised. 6102 of Cowards-Half-ehaven. 1280 Golden (Red) b. of Henry VIIL 03 Indignity to-Caesar. 2796 Vow to leave unout-Soott's f. 490 BEARDS. Characteristic b. -Lombards. *491 Miscellaneous cross-references. Legislation to shave. 1735 limited use of b. -Franks. a502 Long-Lombards. 1565 Pride in populous b.-Julian. 2501 Shaven-" lie against faces." ,3.370 Trimmed for battle-Alexander.2500 BEAUTY. Common b. of Flemings. ♦492 Per.fonal b.-Mahomet. *493 Promoted by b.-Geo. Villiers. ^494 Self-asserted b.-Sylla. ♦495 Miscellaneous cross-references. Architectual b.-Ionio order. 281 Arlistic b. of Kuphael's work. 346 of Benevolence-Lincoln. 514 Competition in b. for marriage. 3485 Dangerous b. -Maiden. 4.536 " " -Woman's-M't. 32J2 vs. Death-Garbage or Park. .3828 Effective b. of Poppaja. Endangered by-Women. " " -Virginia. Fascinating b.-Mary Stuart. Female b.-Zenobia. Flattered-Aged Q. Elizabeth 2819 2211 3973 0089 2684 Heartless b. -Countess of Carlisle 109 Helpful-Mediation. 3998 Highly estimated-Elizabeth. 4.329 with Infamy-Nero. 196 Perils of b.-Montfort. 18.58 \ Person vs. Character. 4024 j Prostituted to shame-T'odora. 45;i3 , Simpltoity requisite to b. 281 vs. Utility-Architecture. 5701 Antiquity of b. -Germans. ♦490 Ses INTEMPERANCE and TEM- I'EKANCE in loc. BEGGAR. Honorable b.-M. Luther. ♦497 Literary b.-Engiish. ♦498 Miscellaneous cross-references. An impressive b.-" an old s." Ueligious b.-Luther. Royal b>.-IIenry III. It H (1 II Rulermado a b.-John. Unknown a.Tiong Am. Indians. BEGGARS. Malicious b.-Englaud 10th C. Professional b.-Monks. Punished-England-Whipped. " -England-Slavery. Scheme for b.-Count Rumford, 90 4)56 1204 1266 2212 677 ♦4n9 *:m ♦501 ♦.'>02 ♦,503 Miscellaneous cross-references. Cruelty toward Scotch b. .5893 Headquarters for b.-London. 1293 Nobility reduced to b. 2210 Numerous-One-flfth-England. 4360 Prevented by law-Solon. 4359 Punishment of b.-England. 2.03 BEGINNING. Discouragement at the b. *504 Pious b.-Reformation. *.5()5 Small b.-Am. Revolution. ^506 " " -Roman Kevolution. ^,507 " " -"Massacre of Vassy."^508 Miscellaneous cross-references. Bad b.-Success after. 2023 Ceremony at b.-a city-Anclents.897 Defeat at b.-Success after. 2024 Failure at the b.-Demosthenes. 2021 Hesitation at the b.-Moham. 870 Humble b.-Yale College. 1783 Unpromising b. -Ministry. BELLS. Impressive b.-Napoleon. Substitute for b. -Muezzin. 1860 ♦.'iOO *510 BENEPACTOR. Praise of b. -A. Lincoln. *',n Miscellaneous cross-references. Exiled- John Kay. 2992 Wronged I A'hitney. 2991 BENEFACTORS. Opposed-James Hargreaves. ^512 BENEFICENCE. Cross-reference. False b. of Charles 11. 2751 BENEVOLENCE. Access by b.-Joliii Howard. *513 Beauty of b.-A. Lincoln. ^514 Blessing on b. -Oswald. *515 a Business-J. Howard. ♦SlO Christian b.-Blshop Ken. *517 " " -Carthaginians. ^522 Conscientious b.-Jo)ia Wesley. ♦518 " -Mary Fletcher. ♦SIO " -Lady Huntingdon. ♦SOS Disinterested b.-S. Johnson. 'SSI Enforced by (Ine-Ei^cland. ♦Saa Example of b. -Mahomet. ♦534 Excessive b. -Sewing-girl. ♦.526 by Faith. -Geo. Mllller. ♦520 Forced b. -Duke of (Julse. ♦.527 Frustrated by James 1 1. ^528 Genuine b.-Cathorine W. ♦.531 " " -Dr. Wilson. ♦.5.30 Generous b.-Cimon. ^.529 Incorporated forb.-ColonyofG. ♦.532 Injurious b -Constantlne's. ♦5a3 Insulted-A. Lincoln's b. ♦.534 an Investment-Spinners. ♦535 Joy of b.-A. Lincoln. ♦.53ft " " " -Faraday. *537 Large b.-Huguenots. *53S Ministerial b. -Thomas Coke. ♦539 Misconstrued-Dr. Bateman's. ♦540 Powerof b.-John Howard. ♦541 Premature b. -Goldsmith's f, ♦542 Pure b.-Goldsmlth's. ♦543 Religious b.-Mahomet. ^544 " -Bp. of Acacius. ^545 " " -Lady Huntingdon. ♦54ft Royal b. -Emperor Trajan. ♦547 Self-sacrificing b. -Howard. ^548 Systematic b.-John Wesley. ♦&19 aTest-"GlvlnK-Llving." ♦SSO Treasure of b.-Epitaph. ♦SSI Unwise b.-" Jenny's Whim." ♦SBi " " -Creating poverty. ♦SSa Miscellaneous cross-references. Bargains confirmed by b. 4300 Christian rule in b. 4335 of Deity-Socrates. 4550 Duty of the rich. 4880 " " man, Chief-Stoics. 3.394 Enforced by Church-England. 4295 Experience prompts b. 4355 Extorted " B."-Henry VIIL 430 "B. "-James I. 523 " offertory of b.-D. of G. .538 Extortion misnamed b. 2003 " 2005 Faith sustained-Miiller. 20.35 not Hereditary-Howard. 2.5.52 Grand b. of Duke of Orleans. 227 llonored-J. Howard. .3650 Joy of b.-Rev. J. Newton. 3077 Life ending in b.-Dced. 2475 Misapplied b.-Maklng beggars. .500 National to-Perseciited French. 3294 Noble b.-John Pounds. 5045 Perverted by misuse of funds. 420 Pleasure in b.-Howard. 4193 Popularity sought by b. 4321 Practical b. -Prisoners' debts. 14,59 " -P. Cooper. 1828 Restrains vice-Gambling. 2268 Reward of b.-Foundling child. 781 Royal b.-Titus-Honored. 4307 .Scheme of b. -Colony of Ga. 4299 Selfsacrlflcing-Jesuits. 3018 Spirit of b.-Perioles. 4765 System of b. to poor. 4295 Systematic-J. Howard. .3650 Theoretical b. -Seneca. 4657 Trust in b. rewarded-Moham. 39 Uneducated b -Labor of o. 804 on. 'SSI d. ♦ssa *im *S85 •888 •887 •588 ♦581 ♦580 •520 •0fG.*58* !. 'SM *534 •586 •58» •587 •58» e. *53a 11 '8. *54» ♦641 f. •542 ♦54a ♦544 I. *5iS don.^548 ♦547 ♦548 ♦549 ♦550 ♦551 " ♦SSi y. ♦553 4300 4335 4550 4880 339) 4395 4355 430 52.3 f G. :>:i8 •,'003 3005 3035 2.5.52 327 3(550 ;»T7 2475 ■s. ,500 'h.2394 5045 436 4192 4.331 14.59 1838 2368 781 4307 429» 3018 4765 4395 ;i650 4657 32 804 VnHurpassed b. Hlgliop Coke. 1.570 Zeal In b.-Whltetlelill).'l Conquest by t. -Septus over 0. 42 In Court Criminal. 58;w Dtploniutlc t.- English. 17.V,' })lHi(ul8ed-( 'ii-mir'a u.sMiis.sins. itrn -l-'rlendshlp. a','i:i of Frlond-Hrutus v.s. Cii'sar. yH5-j " " -Francis Hacon. sh:>7 FrlendHlilp'st.-DlokTallxt. ;«(vj InfuniouH t.-.\m. Uovolutlon. ii:)0 " " -Pausunlu.i. !)r-,'i Injfratc's t. -Burton. )iHW Massacre by t. ♦ar.2() National t.-KuRlund to Franc e. 0«1 Offlco by t.-Ktfocles. 3881 Offlclal t. to ColunibuH. *89()0 I'roof aKitlu.st t.-Hcl!.sarlu8. Ml-,'8 "Patriot. 40(;8 T'ropo.sal of t. rebuked. 40;,') I'rovorbial-" Word of a klnjt. " aoii Sliaintful t.-.\Katlio(;les. 15;!8 Thwarted by exposure. sr,iH Umpire's t. -Edward I. 6ri(> .^ee TREASUN. Cry of t. -Patrick Henry. *:>(m Deflned-EnRland. *rmr> Incipient t.-\Var of 1813. *m\)a runlRliment of t.-Homans. *rm7 Itetrlbutlou of t.-Uomans. ♦5608 4570 2007 4100 6101 2.560 *565 *5C6 *567 •568 Atrocious crime of t. a Pretext for extortion. by Kesentment-Uourbon. -C. Marclus. Tarnished by t.-B. Arnold. BETROTHinENT. Early b.-Sir Itobert Peel. *563 See MAKKIAUEm/oj. BIBLE. Adaptation of the B.-Col. C'onK.*564 Bible-reading forbidden-Enp. *586 Comfort from the B.-Captive. Diffusion of the B.-Tyndale. Discoveries in the B. -Luther. Dlsplaced-By gloves-H. VIII. Doubted- J. Bunyan's struggles. *569 the First American B. -Eliot's. *570 Gift of B. to Queen Elizabeth. *571 Imperilled by the B.-R. Hunne. *572 Incendiary B.-Bookseller's. ♦57.3 Indestructible-Persecution. ^574 Influence of the B.-Cromwell. ^575 Monopoly in the B.-Brit. pub's.*576 Omitted-Coronation of J. II. ^577 I'eople's B.-WycU£fe. ^578 Prohibition of the B.-Bngland. *570 " " " " -Necessary^580 Protected by the B.-.T. Knox. ♦SHI Reverence for the B.-Indlans. *.585 Searching the B.-"Bible Motlis"*.'>83 Senses in the B. -Three senses. *rim Stimulates-Persecution of S. J.*584 Comfort for prisoners. from the B. -Cromwell Ucstltiile of B.-Voung .MiUler. Direction In duty by B. Divinity of B. -Denial a criiDO. Encoui'ag(tmunt Earthquake. Inspires courage-Covenantor. Interpretation of B. -strict. Interpreters of B.-Falso. Oppo.sltion to the B.-Tymlalo. " -Catholic. 006 . :,.", 4712 ;)<;i;) 2.-.66 1087 656 882!) 2I1KI 568 678 577 Polltlfal abiwo of B. 51 18 Power of its lilstorlcal books- T,. Kit) 4n5 176H 881 lUI .<)616 81 57.-)3 Heading of B. -Ostentatious. Ki'vealed In now light. Rule ill civil gov't-Conn. Col. Strength from B.-Cromwell. Surrender of II. -Painful. Tribute-" Is literature Itself." Unattractive -Condemnation. So.' (iD.si'Kl.. a Heavenly message Sailor. Triumph of B.-Pagaidsm. See SCUIl'TrKK. Misused against Columbus. .Seo I.VSI'IRATIOX in toe. BIfJOTItV. Disclaimed- Con t. Congress. Papal b.-Plu8 V. Protestant b. -Scotland. Puritanic b.-E"igllsh Puritans. Strange b.-Amerlcan Puritans *2,-i08 *23!iy ♦5055 ♦687 *588 *500 *501 Mlscellaneouii crosa-refercncjs. In Benevolence- James II. 528 Blinded by b.-James II. 4085 Clerical b.-Country parson 2707 Display of b.-James II. 1906 Foolish b. of James II. 317 Harmonious b. -Bristol. 3606 Mortified by benevolence. 3720 Protestant b.-C. disfranchised. 732 Rebuked-Dr. Arnold's plea. 733 Religious b.-Turk vs. Persian. 5070 Rule of b.-James 11. 3540 See INTOLEKAXCE. and Immorp.llty-Charlemagne. ♦2962 Protestant 1. to Romanists. ♦2063 Religious 1.-" Tender C's." ♦2904 Illustrious b. Ineffective Rupert.820 " " " -Sou of N. 507 Meaimess of b.-Plearro. 611 Misfortune by b.-( harlos I. .WiH " "Pretender." 622.J See II.I.E(irn.\IA(JV. Respected -Will lam the Conq. ♦2785 Seol.MIEHlTA.NCE in loc BISHOP. Corrupted-Theodoslus. BD8 BISHOPS. Honored by Germans. ♦699 See MINISTRY in loc. BLArKmAiii. C'rnsii-relV'rence. Contribution Justified. 8008 Sef KXIORTIO.N iu loc. BliAinB. Mlrtcellaneoiis cross-references. Assumed-Epamlnondas. " -Generously-Lee. Dlsowned-Church vs. King. Knduranco of b. -Washington. See AIMTSATIOX. by Deception- Maxtmus Fablus. Malicious a.-C. Wesley- V. " " -.\lcxander. a Pretext-Plundering the Jews. " " for violence-R. III. See BLOT. Shameful b. -William Penn's. of the Times-Ciesar's. Sec COMPLAINTS. Cliaraoteristlo c.-Palmorston. (Croaker's o.-Bad times. Dlsregarded-Romans. Ill-temp 'od c. -Johnson. Inconsiderate c.-Pericles. Perilous c. of captives-Indians. Miscellaneous cross-references. Bound by the B.-Luther. 1092 Civil gov't by B. rule-Conn. 2151 Civilization advanced by the B. 836 Conscientious i. -England. 1000 Unexpected I. of Pilgrims. 501 See PREJUDICE and SUPERSTI- TIOX in loc. BIRDS. Mi8celliinel Ics by V. ♦«)1 DUifUlsL'd-l'uptiirc of Uen. Leo. ♦002 CrdiH-rcfiTPnce, An old iniiira b. on .1. Howard. BLINDNUSS. Dlsqiiiillflud by b.-KlnRH. by Study Joliii Milton. 401 402 403 1748 1245 5789 2162 1001 13;i7 4823 1282 1288 1238 .688 3973 1235 102 974 885 ♦607 3212 ♦608 ♦609 3570 ♦010 BODV. Crlpplcd-Tliiioiir the 'I'artar. Perfect b. -American Indians. 145 ♦(;o:i ♦(i04 297 ♦005 ♦000 Uraveryof Klnft Ullnd John, BLOCKADE. by f'hiiin8('onstan'i)lo by M. of I )' nth ( 'orpHfs ( u'sar. BLOOD. .MiiicclliiinMnis cr(>«9-r(!fi'ri'nci' Rattle without shoddlnjf b. " -Uloodless -Sumter. " -Bloody-Towton. " -Paul Jones. Blood for blood. Crying for venfteanco. Flowers In b.-\Var of fioses. Land of b. -Kentucky. Monster for b.-Tlmour. Responsibility for b.-Fred. II Sacred b. of Chrlst-Rellc. for Sacrlflce-Uomans. Siprht of b. Intimidating. Tears of b. -Barbarians-Slashed of Vengeance. -Virginia. See OLADIATORS. Courage of despair. Instruction of g. In brntality-R Introduction of g. to Rome. Suppression of exblb. of g.-M. Sec ATONEMENT in loc. BLOT. Shameful b.-Wllllam Penn's. " " -M.'s adultery, of the TImes-Cffisar's. See FAULT in loc. BLUNDER. by Inattention-Goldsmith. (^roas-reference. Mortifying b. of Goldsmith. See ERROK in loc. BOARD. Prayers exchanged for b. See EATING in loc. BOASTING. of Pride-Bajazet. *G11 Ridiculous-" Great Twalmley."*612 Senseless b.-American Tory. ♦613 Vain b.-Perslan immortals. *614 Crosrt-references. Boasting of powcr-Pompey. 4305 Intimidating b.-Turks. 1896 See BOMBAST. Rebuked-" Jupiter" M. ♦eiS Ridiculous b. of James II. ^619 See POMPOSITY mid SELF-CON- CEIT in loc. BOATS. CroBS-tcferencc. Extemporized-Sklns. 2333 See SHIPS in Mp. MlHCCllatU'Oiis oronH-rcferences. Dishonored-Uuflnus manglod Kilucation of h. Romans. Form(!d by food Spartans. Hardened by method. Marked-Hand Ilrow. vs. Mtnd-Columbus. " -William P. of Orange. Neglerted-Napoloon I. Reveals the mind-Lean men Self-mutilated b.-Cowards. Soul sustains the b. Subjugated-Monkery. See ANATO.MY. Ridiculous theory of-Aristotle. Sec ATHLETE. Remarkable a.-Tliracian. Royal a. -Henry II. of Franco. Soldiers vanquished by c. 1022 ♦015 Sec I'-XCK. ♦610 Winsome f. of Kdward IV. See II A IK. 47 ■«. Clianifcd In curly life ♦2490 . 427 Manly h. First cutting. ♦2,500 50V2 I'riilc ill h. Lnipi'roi-.lulian, "j.vn 2179 Princely stylo of h. Franks. "■rioy ■.]-X Uidiculcd " Ifuundhcad," '2.50:1 5214 Uncombed Harald 11. *2,'XM ♦;159H I'se of Grace -Terror -Sp'rt'ns ♦2S05. e.+;i599 1982 Beauty In h. Syllu (iolil. 41)5 203 Memento nf vengeance. 48^17 .5210 S,c MAM). ,5271 Punished Bishop ( numicr. 1249 3081 Sti' II.\M)S. Strong a.-Peter Jefferson. " " -Georgo Washington. Sm,. athletes. Early training of a.-Persian. " " " " -Spartans. Education of a.-Roman. Female a. -Spartans. Military-Roman. Trained-Roman soldiers. See BKANDINCi. of Criminals-London. See CANNIBALISM. Christian c.-Crusadors. See CANNIBALS, in Famine-France. " " -California. See CORPSE. Dangerous c.-Napoleon's. Revenge on c. of Concinl. " " " -Ignoble. Sleeping in room with c. See CORPULENCE. Distinguished for c.-L. VI. Inactlvo-CJharles tlie Fat. See CREMATION. Kindness in c.-Pompey. Opposed-Bodies preserved. Popular c. of Csesar's body. See DWARFS. Lunar beings-Swedenborg. See EARS. Amputated e. -Punishment. Importance of c. -War. Insult by boxing e. Trophy in amputated e. See EYE. Dlsfigured-S. Johnson's. 6010 ♦388 ♦;«9 .5358 .5.359 1770 1817 1778 1817 1827 5072 129(i *70(; 2077 ■M7'.t 2839 48.50 4851 5207 ♦1198 ♦1199 22.53 2252 2251 20.58 2010 5887 27 59.39 ♦2017 Accident kills Henry II. of France.28 Blind, Convenieiitly-Nelson. Deflcient-Samuel Jolmson. Destroyed in anger. Wounded in tlie e. -Harold. Sec EYES. Useless e. -Siamese junks. 1901 3202 3204 ,391 2018 Fortune in li.-.\mr llic Arab. *2,507 Hundred h.-.Kga'on the giant. *250« Deceived-Mirage. 1.521 Destroyed by tyrant. 1335 -Captives-Basil. 1342 Moral protection of e. -Monks. 402 Calloused prove lumcsty. 2808 Co'icealing h. -Safety liy. 1049 See HEAD. Elongated-PerlcU.'S. 1497 See MI'Tll.ATIUN. of Agriculturists by 'I'heodor c. 104 by Cowards Romans. .5240 Punishment by ni. Scots. .5791 Revenge by in. -Coventry. 4857 Self-ni. for deceptlim. ,5.'il8 Soldiers supported by State. 5243 See NAKEDNE.SS. Philosophers n. -Persian. 2393 Scandalous n. -Fanatic. 2094 " " l^uakers. 3502 .See PHVSUirE. Proof by p.-.\mbassador. ♦4172 Feebleness of p. overcome. ;j69i> Perfect p. -.American Indians. 811 See AUSTERITY, BURIAL, CURE, DISEASE, EATING, HEALTH, RES- URRECTION, SENSE.S SKULL ami TEETH in lor. BOLDNESS. Verbal b.-Goldsmith's. ♦617 Miscellaneous croas-rcrerences. Clirl.stian b.-Teiemachus. for Rights.-Capt. Wadswortb. " tlio Truth. -John Howard. Unequalled b. -Cromwell. See COURAGE in loc. BOMBAST. Rebuked " Jupiter " M. Ridiculous b. -James II. See BOASTINfi in lor. BONDS. Inflated-Franco Louis XIV. See FINANCE in loc. 835 4907 5721 4874 ♦CIS ♦01!» *fi2t> BONUS. Crnss-reference. for Bribery rejected-I. Newton. COO* BOOK. Present to Petrarch. *62I Undelivered-S. Johnson's. *622' Miscellaneous croBs- references. Borrowed-Recompense for. 40.3r> Immense b.-Homer. 3241 774 BOOKS. Buriiod by ImiiKmaii. Dciirth iif b. KriKlaiid. DUInu b. /uiidavtistii. Kiiolmiitod by I). W. Irvlnf{. ForbUldou b. KiiKlaiid. I'aMsloii for b. Dr. Uurvny. I'ublluiitlon of b. restricliHl. UtiJ''<''i'd Mllton'H ("».,uti;. liuliKloiiH b. Miimuel .Johnson. Buarcliy t>( b. Kuropu. •tWii •OJT ♦«;.'« ♦ti3(t ♦(I'll •OJW MUcelltkiii'Oiia cruanrurvri'iicei. Ambition aroiistxl by b. asJtW Boys influencud by b. aT34 Burnud-AlcbtindHt'.s b. BOTO Coiiduniiied l{ul<) for b. aaio Dedication of b. to patrons. -lUS Uestructlon of all b.-'l'. Piilne. KWV Ddvll tested by b. Cot. .Mather. l,')t)7 Helpful b.W'fsley-I-ullier. 1W3 Thorough study of b.-Bunyan. HI Valuable when scaree. m-i .S.e LIUKAKIKS. Ancient I. Arabian. *;w:W Subscription 1. by B. Franklin. *3iJ3l) Destroyed- Alcxandrlan-T. Stolen l.-Yale < 'olleife. See I.IHKAKV. Destroyed at Alexandria. " " Constantinople. Founder of cIroulatlnK-B. F. U .Si'u UA.NKKri'TCY in l«r. BOV. Enchanted b. David Crockett. "(VM Prei^oclous b. TliemUtocles. *0;i5 ' BenJ. I'Yanklln. •630 Ueformed b. -Davht Crockett. ♦037 Runaway b. BenJ. Franklin. ♦0.'18 "Scientific " b. U. StcplieuHon. ♦O.W MlacellatieouA ero«»-ri'fi'ri'fici'i). Enchanted by books IrvlnK. 026 Endangered by Kcnlus. Burns. 240 Fortitude of b.-Martyr. 4i;«) Hallucination corrected. 2731 Honorable-Abraham Lincoln. AtAfS Hope In 1). blasted Howard. 4(K)2 Independent b.ca'siir. 2788 luKcnlous b.-Ell Whitney. 88 " " -Newton. 3543 Manly b. In adversity. -H. Davy. 86 Name of b. fortunattvCiesar. 3772 Observing b.-W. Scott, " button." lit 3.').')2 2-103 261 ♦040 ♦641 ♦642 Prodigy in rtjtures-Colburn. rnKovernable b. HukIi Miller. Unpromisinf; b.-Bp. UeorRo. BOYHOOD. Dull b.-Ollver (JoldsmiUi. Humble b.-Plzarro. Ingenuity in b. -Isaac Newton. BOYS. .MlBeellancoua cross-refereuees. Friendship of b.-Byron. Interest in b. -Luther. Quarrels of b. useful. See SON. a Devoted s.-Confuclus. like Mother-Nero. Keconciling s.-Themlstocles. 2242 497 179 ♦5259 ♦5260 ♦5201 Affectionate 8. -\Vm. Cowper. 110 "-Walter Soott. Ill "-Caius Marclus. 112 "-SertorlustheK.G.113 "-Alexander. 114 " "-Napoleon I. 115 .\ntipathy of J. Howard's son. 122 Ashamed of his mother. 3722 Birth of s., Joy by. 4529 Destroyer of motlier-Nero. 1;M7 Disinlierited-RellKlon-Penn. 3970 Disobedience expiated. 1002 Dutiful s. in manliood. 3723 " "-.\lexander the Great. 3730 Grateful s. -Napoleon I. 3727 "-Nero. ;fi-21 Illegitimate s. honored. 3470 Ingrate s. -Matricide-Nero. 3743 " "-Nero. 1110 " "-Infamous. 3713 Mother makes the son. 2000 Ueformed by running away-C. 637 Rejected by father- Wm. Penn. 4745 Shameless s.-Prince Ferdinand. 5185 Wayward s. reclaimed. 6214 See SONS. Ingrate s. of Henry IL 1634 " " 4005 Pride in s.-Mother's-Comella. 3728 See CHILDREN and YOUTH in loc. BHANDINU. CrimM-ri'Ifri'itci'. of Criminals London. BH.IVKHY. In llaltle Persians. " " Crusaders. Brilliant b. Paul Jones. ' In DeathCol. F. McCullough. I Example of b. -Napoleon. Exploit of b. Napoleon. Fearless b.-Wllllam II. "-Colmel Moultrie. Heroic b. -Robert Dovereux. " -Richard (JrenvUlo. Pre-eminence by b. Joan of A. (iuery of b. Lacediumonlans. Rewarded Paradise -M. Youthful b. -Covenanter. 1296 ♦t;i3 ♦(M4 ♦045 ♦(MO ♦647 ♦048 ♦649 ♦060 ♦651 ♦66!J ♦053 ♦054 ♦659 ♦050 3828 got 3410 820 1491) 7<' 1922 3770 4508 810 5091 4059 1416 486 73 MUccliatieoua croui-referenceii Answer of b.-Tlgranes. of Barbaric warriors. InBattlo.-Wni. Prince of O. Decision of b.-Plzarro. in Defonding life. Enterprise of b. Nap's return. Escape by b.~ Normans. Example-" Kings never drown"1390 In Facing doath-Strafford. 1407 Famous for-Rlchard the Lion. Honored-" Little corporal." " -Colonel Mulligan. Impressive b. Le Fort. Patriotic b.-Am. Revolution. (Qualified for immortality. Sailor's b -Farragut-Malntop. Soldier's b.-Lleui. Cusliing-A. " -Blind John of Bohemla.297 " -Thebans-Sacred band. 465 Stlmulated-No escape. 1274 Woman's b.-Montfort. 0042 "-Purefoy. 6043 See PROWESS. Military p. of Bellsarlus. ♦4501 See COURAGE in loc. BREAD. Public provision of b.-Roman8.^6,57 question of b. -Mob of Paris. ♦OSa Set FOOD in loc. BREVITY. Famous b.-Cu;sar. ♦6.59 BRIBii. -Mlaei'llaneoua cross-referenses. Rejected by Nap.->800,000. 2:«7 " " patriot-Reed. 4075 I BRIBERY. Condemned-Isaac Newton. ♦OOO in Court-Eng.-for a Hearing. ♦GOl Disguised by purciiase-Eng. ♦662 Legislative b. -£5000 for a Vote. ^603 " " -Commons. ♦664 " -Scotch P. ♦ees " " -Necessary-Eng. ♦066 " "-Duke of N. ^667 Needy princes-German electors^OOS Occasion for b. -Small pay. ♦OOS Papal b.-Alexander VI. ^670 Perilous b. -Athenians. *67'» Uejected-Samuel Adams. ♦676 Reproach of b. -Demosthenes. HTi BHIDK— BHITAMTV. 776 1296 ♦t;i;j ♦(HI ♦045 1. *(m ♦(U7 ♦tiw *(iii> ♦tJSO *U51 . *85!j A. *«63 H. ♦OM ♦OSS ♦Bsa CCS. 3H3S 0()1 3410 *J0 U'J'J n. "<' loaa vn"1390 1407 n. arro 4508 810 5001 11. 4050 1416 p. 480 A. r;i ♦4501 ♦650 a.'«7 4075 ♦660 ♦061 ♦66a e. ♦663 ♦664 ♦665 r. ♦666 ♦667 'rs^668 ♦669 ♦070 ♦67 i •676 •67a HfHi'iitt-Ml Mtephun A. DoukIui. ♦678 Uoyiil b. clmrlrH II. ♦074 HueuliiK b. UuHNtfll. *07S MlHcelhincoiiH cmim refcrenccit. Dlot i,( \). KraiiclH Haoon. iai3, iai6 Urand of t>. " Dunkirk IIuumu/'SWI Competition In b. IrlHh l"rlla'nt. 603 -Tliruo kIntCH. 068 ('oiKlfliniu'd for b. Dumos'neM. 1477 of Dentil Hcailfort. 1 108 DlN)(uiM('(l Iloniift I. Nowton. 000 Kalluri! of b. Anilr<<. 1013 K«ar of b. by Mahomet II. aoa ilabltuiil b. of Vcrreg. laio of JudKes Catiline. laoi " " -Tubllc Komiiiis. laiw Offlelal-Sundorland-Seuretary. aaoo of Offluliils by tiotlig. laoo Proof aKAlnat b. I'ompey. aiH)6 Uulversiil h. Knifland. lai',' Unsuccessful Andrew Murvell. r.'i)7 Wealth by b. Sunderland. iai5 (*ee COKIUTTION /;i In,:. HUIDE. Misci'llitiieouH crosari'fi'reiuii'S. Cold welcome to b. Seeming- 3(W6 DlOlculty Interposed-Cerberus. 3338 09 *i89 ,5741 1994 5794 6884 6885 ♦1999 4123 2130 ♦.3513 ♦3514 ♦3515 ♦8516 ♦3517 ♦,3518 ♦3519 ♦3,5-30.. •3521 of Chivalry-Ky ('araoalla. tana ot <'iiptlveK by I'VimkH l.'l'll " rhrlNtiaiiM UO.oiMi, hy <'h<>Nr()t-M..'fc.>t Dupopuliileil l>y in. IluKtliKl- I'WT Drink uiiuMcM ni IiuIIuuh. uu-io IniincnHu ni. Tlinoiir. fiNOI " " by Cu'Mttr. SIHI InoonHliliiriitr in. by StiyllilimN. \'M\) ImllKiiitlloi> oxprcMMcil croni'l. 4.VIU Inhiiiuiin ni. of workniun Aliirlc.dMT -AttllB.OWH by I.iiw I.a(!(!(la>ni<>nian HliiveH. t.'ltl.'i " I'urRUdUtors rutliollo vh. I* lltfi " " Ircluiid {'. vs. P.ll.'W I'rcvonti'cl by Infornixr. KHH) of l'ri)t<'HlaiitM Dukii of (lulsu V. WW t'om. liy riiis V. r>HH Iteliiiiuus ni. by cniNailurM. 4Vun " " of prlHonorH. l.'KU) " Latins by OriHikH. VUn Small liitKlnnlnu of ni. "M. V." •,",) T(MTlblo m. " .Sicilian VfHptTs." I.'IIm llnprovoktid .Iown by ApoH'o. (lum In War Wallunstoln. flHHl " " -I'arlH, A. II. MIH. ."imr) See MA.'^.SACKKS. ]{tillKlous French HovoUitlon. *.%!« Sct SI,.\I'()HTKIl. Uarl)arouM .s. .is.cxw Carthaw's. ♦SISO Extermluatlnft s. of Oermans. ♦5181 Authorized by Jesuits. lOHi! In Battle-Asians. am " -100,000 at Fontenal. 9W See CUUEI/rV »iu\ INHUMAN- ITY III loc. BRUTES. Immortality of b. S. Johnson. See ANIMALH in loo. BUCCANEER. C'ronnrefcrcnce. Excused -Hlr Francis Drake. See PlKACy in loc. *08O 902 BUILDERS. Dlvlded-Ronuilus-Rcmus-Romo.678 BUILDING. ColoBBal b. -Colosseum. ♦681 Opposed RoiRn of James II. ♦688 Ruined by b. -Marcus Crassus. ♦683 Prohibited in London by Gov't. 890 See AUCIHTECTt'ItE in loc. BURIAL. Companions In b. White Huns. ♦68-J Questlonod-Ollver CromweU's. ♦685 Respect by b. N'lola.'j. ^686 Secreted In b. -Alaric. *087 Tyrant's b. -AttUa's. +688 Miscellaneous cro.«s-rerereiiees. Allve-4000 prisoners. l,ssinan's. Rivalry In h. Fiillon. Sorrow drowned In b. Johnson I'ntllled for b. Audubon. Innuceesiifnl Llneoln a s'rv'y'r See A('( nl'N'l'S. Carefully kept John Wesley. " " (1. WashliiKton. .See AI'CTKlN. Infamous a. Roman throne. .MarrlaKe promoted by a. See CKElHroKS. Merciless e. exposed, oppression of e. Infanticide. Restrained by law. See DEllT. Imprisonment for d. In En^. * Security ford, sir W. Scott. < by War of American Rev. * »IA8 :|0A0 aH.'\9 .'170! 4iai i.-.irt 4.176 l!MH . 5.M) •J.Wl . 8;i .Ml» 2009 3678 3 IS I 1S.V. ■Jll(» '\\:<\> 'iii;it 'Hr,i Arrested for d. Charles IV. 4:m Catieelled by murder Jews. 41VH Division byd. Ameiieaii States. 1987 Imprl.soninent for d. KiiKland. 4289 4299 2125 Increase of d. by extortion of J. 71'.; OviTwhelined by d.-SIr W. Scott. 91 Relieved by marriaKe-Clcero. 3161 -Byron. 3l(r) Son pawned for d. 4.3.M See DERTS. DlscouiaKod-Laws of Amasi.s. ^1402 Dishonest d. -Precedence of. ♦1403 Preventod-Solon's law. ♦MOl Punishment for d. -Insolvent. ♦1405 Scaled by-VlrBlnIa colony. ♦MOO Small d. -Samuel Johnson. ♦1407 Duo In future life, of Honor-Gambler's d. Require econoniy-Penn. Suspension of all d. Trivial d. unpaid-Johnson. See MERCHANTS. Enterprise of m.-Jobn Cabot. Patriotism of m. -Boston Rev. See MONOPOLIES. Encouraged -Charles I. Unpatrlotlc-OUver Cromwell. See MONOPOLY. Abollshed-Land m. Commercial ra. by Charles 11. " " " English Col. vs. Conscicnce-P. Cooper. Exasperating m. -Charles I. and Famine-Rome. Land m. -Plymouth colony. of Manufactures-England, t. [( It " " -Dutch. Powers of m. In United States Reslsted-Govenimental. in Bibles-England. " Hoases-Marcus Crassus. 22.-i8 2lil4 1707 11,50 3.321 !IK1 (W2 *.30H!) ♦.3090 ♦.3601 ♦3092 ♦3093 ♦3691 ♦.3095 ♦309(1 ♦.3697 ♦3698 ♦3699 ♦3700 ♦3701 ♦3703 676 083 "• .'iroi iiry VIM iia-l w. i,-,m *'»■ -I.ITtl i!im I .rolinnon. Ml) 1)1)11. a;jyi 1 II H'rv'y'r. an .NTS. WrHlny. mo HhliiKtori. yooK o.V. Yn. )US. itloln. ♦1407 i7or ;i«4 >n. abot. Rov. ;s. well. ;wi *.3(W!» ♦30UO ♦.3001 sir. *:itm C'ol. ♦3093 ♦3094 f- ♦.369.'; ♦3690 r- *m>.)7 *30!)8 ♦3099 ♦3rO() ites.+aroi *3703 676 In Manufadtiirnpt KnKllih. NewNpuptT m. clmrli'N II. IttiliiiiiiH III. Koiimti Kiiiplrtv Woinuii iiKHliixt III. Simp. M.I' riiuKirs. Kui{)'rm>NN fill- p. 'rnlmnuD. Si-.. I'IK<1I.\SK. AKKriivutliiK p. lit own <;iini. U*!f«iiti''\ CANUOH. I'hrlHtliin o. Inrnniony coiiNtaiitlne TBU " " AmbiiNHiidorii. 750 Coiidllloii (if Anglo Saxon n. '20 Hdellly .if « of ('nrnutUN M.M liiipi'rilli'd by ■< lloiiii' 4.'iiir> Sale of itgi'd H Inhuiniiiilty UH'tU M,.c sl.AVK TKADK. ODposed I 'iiiilliii'iiliil Cong. ♦5202 Itespeiite'l New York, yr. limi.*,')2(i:l CoiiS(Meli('(lll,H»M(l V|( Tnjtv o. (. <'AIIK. Hclieved l)y liuiiior l.liirolii. S..C AN.MKl'V. I'oniuiningii. of Miii'll)oi'oMgh. I'iirciitiil II. Ill' U MiiriiM' father, of Respoii.sibillly A. Lincoln. *ri6 irwi •245 •210 •247 MIscelluni'oiiH cTussrifiTciioi'ii Cciiiiinon to humanity. Miileriiai a. for infant Indians I'lireiital a. of Einp. Severus. Relief from a. God. Sic AITREllENSION. of Evlliloers Itrulii". S.'e DKI.IIIKRATION. Hastened" We iiiiirch." Set) KOUKrilOfdllT. Impulse b(!ttcr than f. See MEDITATION. Peculiar ra. of Swedenborg. Asoetlcal m. of Monks, (iod revealed In m. G. Fox. Life of m. -Isaac Newton. Religious m. -Samuel Johnson. " " needful. Sabbath m.-John Fitch. Sec MEDDLIM}. Destruction Dy Flood by m. Reproved-Blshop Burnet. ill Families-England. Mischief by ni. Well-meant ni. -Hurtful. .See l-UrDENCE. Longevity by p. -Locke. Ts. Love-Age.sliaus. Military p. felt, not seen. Sen REKLBCTION. t'orrected by r. H. Johnson. Deiith-hed r. -Wolsey's. Delicate r. Irish. Change of feeling by r. See REFLECTIONS. Melancholy r.-Antony. See VKULANCE. Needful for liberty. See WATCHFULNESS. Safety by w.-Indlans. Need of w. -Columbus. 3604 I!8 4558 11'20 •iti\ 2767 ♦86S4 357 1714 1164 1700 4707 871 ♦3645 ♦3646 4468 .5300 3041 3320 1093 ♦4043 *404J •404.5 3199 ♦4040 3237 ♦5960 6206 I i^ I III' 778 Dt>»\rMl l>y puKiiiiii Ali'xuiiilrU. *(WH ArniiitMmont In (1 Nero. 41 to Illi-piiilniC (MiiirniUtil III (! sjMtl of Wur .li'iUNuli'iii ruliii'il c. .'bKi CALAMITY— (A UKr.KSSNKSS. r.«iiA:ni-riK>t. <')lllllllllUl| O. I.nllllilll I'll'tl I>, KfTiiot of W of Kinplre l''all of i: imc. •1B4!I Terrible self (1. clinbriunH. *i:itM of Art by Nero. .•wr " '• " " a;.>ti " '• In ruin of paKanUni. ail " " by I'urKaus. .•j;io vs. (onst.uctlon-Mouso. a 10(1 Followod by d. Hannibal. 5H48 of Lifu by arcbltootiirij. 83a " " In Crusade!*. a-jM War AttUa. ftH!»9 -Krance. f.!RH) " I'lilltios (jhallenKt'd I), by I . HHO " Si'lf by Infatuation I'rldu. 'JHW by strlfe-Bluu and Green. rum " War Caesar's. 6««H " '• -I'rovoncte. bMr, SCO DI.SAST."H. Com cali'd (l.-(ieneral Nasli. ♦lliOH Eniir^'y by d.-Komans. *l(iO« DlstresslnK national d. See EAKTIiyrAKE. Destructive ancient e. Alarmed by e. -London. Appalling e. -Lisbon. .Sic EAUTHCiUAKK.S. Architecture perilous by e. Periods of ancient e. 50 *17S8 1087 731 382 *1759 ♦(W:i •ilU.', •731 •loni ♦iof.a *iwa ♦low *IO,M ♦JOfMI •10.17 ♦lOftM *ionu Nm kamink lirutullzi'd l>y f .VtlKiiiaiiH •vmil <'aiiiilbiilit 111 f Kraiic'u. '4r;'7 I))-j **m llrutallty In f. Athenian*. '*r,n Deiitbbyf. KO.lkH) .MoNleiu* robbed. I Dnpopiilattiil by f Italy .VM'J Kiidiirunre In f. -NIxty dayit. 1.1 Kxtortloii durliiu f. iMuitii. MM)-.' by MoiiopollMtH Koniaii. IllliNI Subdued by f. Calalx 4rt3l) by War .su^jfe of Uoii'tn. Mnki " " Knulai'd rit,H.i Winter off. Virginia Cobmy. JW.l S.T I'KsTll.r.NCK. DevaslulliiK p. KiiKland. •.||.17 Itaptd p. Itoiiif. *41SN Uenevoleiiue durlnttp.C. .lOlH DeHolatlliK p. London. 1,110 Dootnictlve p. -N. K. i'llKrlniM. Ii.ir Infection of p. I'liiKue. 'JH-Jt I'reventt'd p. Sanitary lawn. .'i.l.Vi Sw n.AOl'K. DesolatluK p. Wide uprcad. •lltN) Destructive p.-UoiiiaiiH. *IIU1 .Sf<' 111' IN. Impressive r. Homo. •ID.II InevltabU) r. Dilemma. •tl*.1S National r. by expaimlon. *lli.1(l SiOII by ExtravaKaiK^o Cato. .Siv WAU 1/1 (ci.;. CALKNDAH. Corrected by .lullus Ciesar. " " U(p|{er Huoon. CAMniMKMN. Christian c. .1. Woaley-Mob. of Discipline. Napoleon. EzasperatlUK c. -Socrates. MlBcrlluneotiii crdan-rt'reroiircn CoiKiuered by e.-Mob. In Ueath-.Monmouth. " " -Socrates. " " -Strafford. Kalth produces c. -Storm, of (ieiilus-Admiiul Dralie. Masterly c.-N i,'oleon I. Power In o.-( i oi well. HellKlonser'n. UellKloua c. M ■tfK\ng. in a Tumult-', nomas Lee. .sec coMi'osrKh:. before Execution- Argyle. nemarkabic c. -Alexander. Sif MKKKNKS.'^. Christian m. d.xlfivy de B. •«!«! •tin; •li'.W •dlHI •700 itf;w 14.11 1407 IJIll a.i-j.i !,';i3o l.KW Earthquake. I0H7 3150 1.171 .180!) K15fi Chri.-itlan m. in reproof. Ilusband'.s m.-Rumford. Martyr's ni. -Taylor at stake. Philosophic m. -Plato. Power of ChrlNtlan m. In l{eproof-Dr. Taylor. Victory by m.-Lyourgua. See SELKCOMMANU. against Fear-Wllllam III. ♦3550 2787 .3402 C7i» 1314 I 23.10 4779 3204 •5082 M..« HJCI.Kiil.NTHill,. Uemarkttblu a. u. Huke Kr«d. *.liM!i AtiHiidoned C. J. Kox. In Kxi'ltemeiit (). Waahinittoii Power liver otliera by ».-v. Sleep at will Napoleon I. In NuppreH4liiK indlKUation. " reientment. Weaknea* in N.'C. eonfMied. Sii' SKI.K l'OSJi;ii ♦5iri •fll7'.i ♦."iir.i •siri •517.-) •517(1 •■■.177 ♦517.i •ltr)tis. -41 >llIIH(ll|. ^'14 '. by K. 1.4 tUWl Kln(f.":wi),| '111)4 n Inc. 8713 E. *rii:! rson. *7(i| *70.'j oc. IS. •717 •718 nci'ii. 1391 ifoln. 7.'iS 3(1. 3« n." *1!) •SO •il I. 009 a'lio i. 1903 Y»iitli(ul H. by ktiidy Nuwion. tilH) KllUly iif i'UNl'lll. li.litl *^^• KOKllKTKri.NK.SH. Di'xlint TliiimlitiM'lui. *'JIIW Ueaiiliiin f4tr Ik I'urlluii*. Kiiln of it ilnoikit. I'urriituI f. of 11(111 lliiwaril. s.n IIKKI)|,K.MSNK.-<.s. l.iian by li (lolilKiiillh'i. lit ••J.MI1 a"w« .Miiriiiliiu polltli'itl li >iM. INDIKKKItKNCK. CrtD'l I of ( icmir. *W7t>8 itt'iiKioiiii. i>r ciiiiricN II. *'r,n Afr«rt<>(l I. to iiiUriirtuiKi Huott, Oil to .VppliiUNO of thii niiiNii(:ii Nap. stTii " lliimuii lir« Wnr lirro " HufforliiK I if iiiluTN HurciHin. lOS .><.•« lir.CKI.KM.sNKMS. of I)«N|)<'riill<..• llI'llI.K.sijrK. Chrlntiiias rfKtIvlllfN-ltaly. HAO ^.l• KXAimKU.\TI(iN in In,:. €AROITHAL. Crcirwrcfiri'iii'i'. Fittitl (o .Xli'Xiiiiditr tlio (iri'Hi. i!V3l .•^.f FEAST kixl INTKMI'EK- ANCK In Inc. (;anti<:. AbseiK'c of »'. IrlMh KliiKl. 'TIO AtiKlo-Saxoii o.-(Jeriimny. •TSO Barbiirlaii o. (iaulH. *7!Jl of HIrtb ItuUaiis. ♦7SW EtiKll.'*b o.-' HoniKr«'at," *7'iH llosilllty too. American. ♦7*1 111 .Iiidumeiit tiut!c. manufrx. Broltt'n-l'bysiclans. In Cliurch-A. Burriin welcomed Destructive to tbe .Statu Qreeks DIvIhIods of o. -India. In K:itinf{-Ol(l Knfflund. Etcutism of c. -Byron. In Food- EnK. Soots. Fourfold- E. India. Grades of social c. Franks. iKiiored-ltonians-Dloclet Ian. LeKi!MI Ni'crcl iiillKifiit of ( I liita II '.it'.M s. . I n\\ KN I- llefUKii III I' FBarofvIri'. •Ill.ll Sir .IKSl ir.t. AIiiiIIiIiimI Kr , xp ,1'orl. nnd» •:|i«»; .Xrlili'vi'ini'nlaof.l llUtliitc'i'il •;iinih AanuiiNlnatlon liy .1. Henry IV ''.'kiou " •• Wm. of O, •:iiilii Katranuud from J i'upt' *.'|iill MInnIoii of ,1. ('imniiipiillliiii *:i r. tllan.'). *H,s.s hii8on.*i.(84 E. H'. *193,5 Ad. *]!)S'i *i9-,'r 2590 Ktoii. 4034 Howe. \rm ir,m us. r.-,o ty. .3848 caulay. 858 ON. *2768 ♦2769 ion. ♦srro ;y. 897 ng3. 1196 4008 *3383 61.33 I*?- ♦4915 4685 oil. ^758 r. ♦7.54 IS. *755 ♦756 ♦7,57 nce.s. 489.3 . 3570 ip." 88 *17« Murder by rt.-Alex. HaniUton.*174r Naval d.-Paul Jones. ♦1748 Proposed by monarcbs. ^1749 Religious d.-WelllnKton's. ♦1750 Challenge to tight ad. unacu'p'd.891 Combat by d.-Oenerals. 1543 Trial by combat-Gauls. 3054 War ended by d.-Thebana. 3884 Sec DUELS. Inequality In d.-J. Qulnoy. ♦HSl ."^lu (ll.VMriON and UEFI- A N'( ' K in ho. CHAinPION. M iBci'Uuiicoua crosa-refcronces. In Battle-WlUlam of Norm'ndy.6905 for Free ln.stltutlons-Wm. of O. 3033 Kiilghts-Uod and the ladles. 1121 of Plety-Cromwell. 3921 Prowess of Uellsarlus. 4561 for Rellglon-John MlUou. 4680 " -Irreligious 0. 4687 Kepresentatlve c.-Alexander. 1746 for the Truth-John Howard. 5721 " " Weak-Byrou a c. 2242 See HERO. Patriotic h.-Wllllam Wallace. ^8560 Unsurpassed h.-Muley Moluc. ♦2661 Admlred-Bellsarlus. Christian h.-Thoraas Lee. Contempt for cowardice. Daring of h. -Sergeant Jasper. Delfied-Claudius Brltannlcu.s. Described-Charles XII. Encouraged-Martln Luther. Terrifying h. -Richard the Lion See IlEKOES. Dead b.-Solyman Invoked, for Freedom-L'Ouverture. Sec HEROISM. Admirable h.-La Fayette. " " -Prince Conde Patriotic h . -Chovaller Bayard. Persistent h.-r*ohammedan. in Suffering-Lord Nelson. Tarnlshed-Benedict Arnold. Unfaltering h.-Jas. Lawrence. 1686 1571 1251 2151 2706 1970 1879 3770 ♦2568 ♦2563 ♦2564 ♦2565 ♦2566 ♦2567 ♦2568 ♦2569 ♦2570 Brave h. of Devereux. 651 " " " Grenvllle. 652 Christian h. -Jesuit mls8ionarie8.3508 Invalid's h.-William P. of O. 2529 Missionary h. -Jesuits. 3636 " -M. B. Cox. 3643 vs. Nobility-Nelson. 5915 Patriotic h.-Cltizen. • 4068 " " -Pomponius. 4069 of Soldler-Phllip. 5945 Unappreciated by Continental C.176 Sec PUCILIST. Amateur p.-Pi,lmerston. 1311 CHANCES. Cr088-rcferen;e. Misjudged by Nap. -Waterloo. 1042 Sec ACCIDENT. Destiny by a.-" Box on the ear."*27 Dlreets life. 4652 Distress by a.-H. II. Lance In eye. ♦28 Revolution by a.-" Sicilian V." ^29 Saved by a.-T. Paine from G. *30 SIgniQcant a. -Duke Wm., omen. ♦SI UtUlzed-Scalding broth. ^32 " -Duke Wm. sUpned. ^33 CrossrcfiTeiire. of Birth-Napoleon. Destiny by a.-BaJazet's gout. Discovery of gravitation by a. Happy a.-1'indlng seal of O. It. Invention by a. -Spinning. Life directed by a.-Deniost's. Ominous a.-Premonitlon. Outrage for a. -Mussulman. Profession chosen by a.-Ca;sar. ACCIDENTS. Concurrence of a.-Adv'sity by. See COINriDENCE. Alarming c.-Doath of Crom. Comforting c. -Biblical lesson. Repeated c. -Theseus and Rom. Strange c. -Adams and Jeff. " "-H. M.'s apparition. Marvellous c. -Martyr, in Names-Bacon. Remarkable c.-Mysterlous vole Strange c. -Signals alike. See CONTINOENCIES. Combination of c.-C. of N. O. of Success-Columbus. See FORTUNE. Change of f.-Columbus. Contrasts In f .-Alexander. Favors of f.-Charles V. Forsaken by f.-Louis XIV. lieversed-Duke of Exeter. " -Nlcetas. Reverses of f. -Banishment. Sensitiveness of f.-Tlmotheus. Change of f.-Countess of R. " " " sudden-Claudius. Forsakes the aged-Chas. V. " -Louis XIV. Good f. vs. Merit. In Hands-Omar. Irony of f.-Clan of Scott. Remarkable good f . Reversed- Titus Oates. Reversal of f . In Sparta. Sudden f.-Joy in. Unsatisfying to Emp. Severus See LOT. Choice by 1. -Turkmans. Days of I. Romans. Encouragement for good 1. See VENTURE. Instructive v. of Franks. Heroic v.-March to the sea. See OAMRLING itt loc. CHANGE. Life c. -Loyola. of Sides-" Bobbing John." in Food-England. 592 611 2295 57H8 2968 3949 4419 1910 41H4 3800 ♦905 ♦900 ♦907 ♦908 ♦909 4130 3775 e.250 1154 ♦1154 ♦1155 ♦2200 ♦2807 ♦8808 ♦2209 ♦8210 ♦8211 ♦8812 ♦8213 2028 3870 2808 8809 5393 8507 190 5-107 6831 95 4884 , 306 *3.333 Decision by l.-Columbus. 5864 Selection by 1. Mahomet's father.795 See LOTTERY. Profitable l.-Experlence-P. C. *33;M Sec LUCK. Days of 1. -Ancient. ♦3301 1395 0081 ♦5795 70 ♦758 ♦759 781 J175 CHANGKH. Mlacell;inouUrt crcw-refercncea. Business c. successful. 3857 Favored by Radicals-England. 4018 Life's c. -Napoleon's son. 597 Opposed by con8ervatlves-Eng.4013 See AIMJSTASY. Open a. of Roraanus. ♦851 Primitive a. by persecution. ♦2.")3 Discreditable i.-I'.otestant. Eiicourugcd by law-Maryland Explained-Incuiisistency. Reaction of f oref J converts to Required of ofiBeer. Sei' APOSTATE. Honored unwisely. Shameful a. -Justus. Sie APOSTATES. Forgiven by primitive C. i9;io . 4116 2774 a. 920 3177 1359 ♦8.53 Malice of a.-Kniuhts Templars. 1939 " " " Julian's. 2549 SiH' DISSUASION. Impossible -Coitez. *V\Hr> See E.XCIIANOE. Unequal e. -Romulus. ^5081 See FOCiVISM. • Judicial f.-Lcariiing needless. ♦2104 an t)bstucle-Manufacturers. ♦8105 Uuveiled-Uokleii Age. ♦2100 See IMPROVEMENT. ( ipposed-Sewing-machines. ♦8705 Repressed, social-England. ^2700 Agricultural 1. opposed. " " in Germany. Forestalled-Conyervatlves. Period of architectural 1. Prevented by legislation. (I ti i( Self-lmprovement-Mental. Sec INCREASE. lueflfectlve-G. III. and Am. See TROORESS. Checked-Family. by Competit'.on-Isaac Newton. " Development-Farmers. Feeble-Syrians- Egyptians. Hopeless-Polar Sea. Human-Germany. Ignoreu-C'harles I. 1189 1377 1120 286 3110 3111 1776 C. ♦4491 ♦4493 ♦4493 ♦4494 ♦4495 ♦4496 ♦4497 Age of P.-1485 to 1514. 918 " " " -13th century. 142 " " " -Refonnation-D.-Art. 143 of Civilization by experiments. 906 -Britons. 911 " " -European. 91i " -Grecian. 910 Delaycd-Social p. of Russians. 907 Difficult in tine art. 345 Expectation exceeded. 6186 in Knowledge-Aristotle. 3093 " Longevity-One fourth-Eng. 3267 " Manufactures-Clocks. 3.374 Moral p.-SIave-trade. 5203 by Observation-Crusades. 5680 Opposed-Gas-ltght. 3298 782 ("HAUACTEU. !! OppsrriO> . Alarming d. -Poet W'rdsw ih's. Evil d.-Charles the Bad. Gloomy d. of Dr. Young. Quarrelsome d. -Louis XIV. Savage d. of Frederick Wm. Variable d. of Alexander. Acquired-Avarioe-Johnson. Changed by discord-James V. " " adversity. Distrusted-Frederick II. " -James II. Embittered by wrongs. Helpful d. -Alex. 's education, by Heredity-Frederick II. " " -Melancholy. " " -Nero. Inherited-Nero. Sec MORALITY. Conventional m. -Shelley's f. Denied-Roman C. In England. Philosophic m. of Socrates. Preserves tlie State-Rome. II 11 (I 11 vs. Refinement-Rome. Shallow m. -Clerical. 1008 ♦1669 ♦1070 ♦1071 ♦1672 ♦1673 425 306 1070 2802 3996 4805 4796 2551 .3560 5200 1347 ♦3704 ♦3705 ♦.3706 ♦3709 ♦3710 ♦.3707 ♦3708 In Army of Cromwell. 5251 Decline in English m. 2994 Destruction of public m. 4618 Deterioration of Roman m. 8065 Devotion without m. 8732 Doubtful m. of slavery-Cortez. 1106 Indifferent to m-Elizabeth. 1596 in Motive-Samuel Johnson. 3734 Needful for liberty. 8282 Object of Persian religion. 4709 Perfection of pagan m. 47.30 Preserved in army-Gus. XII. 4174 " " convents. 1169 3408 01)7(1 ienMrry. 00;r 3«r3 i.joa coo 3780 4731 n. N'ewton Inii8. e. (1. so. Iilnffton. 8H;je izabeth s. P. 8. 3d. II. ce.s.s. Ishlp. ony. igbam. ler. c. hmen. I. w ih's.'iees ♦1069 *1070 IV. *]G71 iVm. *1073 r. ♦1073 1590 4583 1817 4183 4890 •.'46 1473 8285 •i-i-iS 823! •."37 1524 1073 3418 3981 5882 1488 son. les V. Ion. 'sf. land. rtez 1. 1. 425 306 1070 2203 3996 4805 4796 2.-)51 3500 5200 l.-!47 ♦3704 ♦3705 ♦3706 •3709 ♦3710 ♦3707 ♦8708 5851 2994 4618 8065 8732 1106 1596 3734 3388 4709 4730 4174 1169 ■■4 Promoted In benevolence. 4163 Heasouubl' m. of Cbristlanlty. 8830 Rejected by art-Debauched K. 103 vs. ReltKion of Artastres. 4724 UellKlonthe fountalnli 8370 btiindard of political m. 4845 Tralninf; In m.-I'erslan youtli. 1771 I'ndermlned by false phll'g'phy. 1713 " Jesuits. 1105 Unmerltorlous m. -Monks. 1109 See QUALITY. More than (juantlty-War. Tested by swords. •4.'>90 ♦4591 ♦•'592 More tlian numbers-War. .3*31 3833 -Cromwell. 311 Selected for q.-Magl. 3833 Wanting In q.-Men-War. 3843 See REPUTATION. Bleraished-Napoleon I. Changeful r.-Robert Burns. Deceptive r.-Charles XII. Evil r,-Ireland. False r.-Arlstldes. Fictitious r.-Gen. Chas. Lee. Field for r.-WashlnRton. Mixed r.-Alexander'8. Preserved-Lincoln's. for Probity-Cato. Stained r.-Wllliam Pitt's, for Veracity-James II. ♦4784 ♦47a5 ♦4786 ♦4787 ♦4788 ♦4789 ♦4790 ♦4791 ♦4798 ♦4793 ♦4794 ♦4795 Accidental-Van Buren's Admin. 51 Blot on r,, one- William Penn. 607 " " " -CiPsar's captives. 608 Borrowed-" Wash." Irving. 3771 Burled with the person. 1397 vs. Character-Lyourgus. 3864 Confidence In r.-Cloero. 1035 Contempt for r., deceptive. 5168 Contradictory r.-Robert the d. 3760 Cost of social r.-Estimate. 3671 Deceptive r.-Commodus. r>743 Delayed-John Milton's. 8325 Destroyed by avarice-Demosth. 672 Destruction of r. necessary. 1950 Dlsregarded-Efifr'ntYy of "B. F.''37 Knvled-Arlstides. 1910 False r. given-Henry VIII. 2153 " "of wealth. 5979 Good r. at home-Lincoln. 1488 Guarded- Athenian judges. 3038 for Honesty. -G.Washington. 2611 Honorable r. -Emperor Titus. 4307 Indifferent to r.-Catiline. 392 Mallgned-Charles Wesley. 708 Mixed r.-Washingion Irving. 3771 Questioned-IIonesty-K. John. 8618 TS. Reality-James I. 8154 Rescued by history -Cromwell. 8577 Restored-Cromwell's. 3075 Sacrlficed-Tool of tyranny. 3548 f' money-Chas. I. 3662 Shameful r.-Dlck Talbot. 3803 Spur to valor. 5767 by Success- Washington. 5408 " " -Yorkshire. 5409 Time for growth-Milton. 3310 ClIAKITY— CHILI). Unjust r. for avarice-Joseph 11. 778 Wronged by rival. 1911 CHARITY. for the Dead-Bollngbroke. ^777 Distrusted-Joseph II. ^778 Nobility of o.-Arlfltotle. ^779 Wise c. of Jol '> iloward. ^780 Wonderful o. .v'oman'.s. ^781 TS,*] MiaccllnneouH cross-rcfiTriicps. Ble8ging8-"Hand never grow o. Confiscated to avarice. In Conversatlon-Cato. a Crime-English law. " Dangerous o.-Roman. vs. Hospitality of Britons. Hurtful c. -Labor degraded. Rule of o.-Mohammedan c. Success by c. -Howard. Wist c. -Count Rumford. of Woman-Lfflta. See I5EXEVOLEXCE i» lor. CHARITI. Protecting c. -Thunder and 1. " "-Agnus Dei. See ENCHANTMENT. Boyish e.-DavId Crockett. " " in books-Irving. Personal e. by Mahomet. Soo INFATUATION. Destructive 1. of Nero, of Pride-James 11. "515 8079 1170 3111 .5218 2(U0 30<.t9 544 .'•.13 0044 ♦7H2 ♦783 034 020 2124 ♦2819 ♦2820 of Curloslty-Pliny. ,5050 Inventor's 1 -Arkwrlght. 5108 of Love- Page of Mary Stuart. 3342 Political 1.- James II. 3;J88 Popular l.-Conquest of Florida. 75 of War-Charles XII. 1239 See MAGIC in tor. CHASTISEMENT. of Children-Scourge. 784 CroB»-refcrence9. Ineffective c -Young W. 1068 Humiliating c.-Ooldsmlth's. 2004 Moral effect of c. -Salem witch. 845 Morality Improved by c. 3711 Passionate o. deplored. 4019 See FLOGGING. Comfort under f.-Christian. ^2159 Excessive f.-Tltus Gates. ♦2160 Brutality in f. -Jeffreys'. 2802 Common-Servants-Ch. -Wives. 2800 Triple f.-Real and false. 2754 See AFFLICTION in loc. CHASTITY. and Civilization-Opposed. ^785 Invincible c.-R. Gen. Bell8ariu8.^780 Rare-Roman maidens. ^787 Miscellaneous cross-refereDces by Coercion-Matilda. Ignored by Spartans-Ruin. See VIRGINITY. Dedlcated-Pulcherta. Faith In v. -Joan of Arc. Regard for v.-8uperstltlone. See CELIBACY in loc. 5862 6137 ♦5835 ♦5887 4616 CHBEHFITE,NE!«8. Slmulated-Qucen Mary. ♦788 MlBcellnncouA cross-references. Necessary In worship. Politic vs. Molitncholy. See COMFORT. by Affection of friends-Martyr. " Dream-Napoleon I. in Misfortune-Mohammedan o Religioui c. In distress. trial. See CON.SOLATION. of Phllosophy-BoetliluH. See ENCOURAGEMENT Timely e. for Luther. " '-Columbus. Visionary e. -Columbus. Helpful e. of a friend. See E.XHILARATION. of Music vs. Drink. See HUMOR. Admlred-Abraliam Lincoln. Fondness for h.~A. Llncolu. 6160 1070 3403 17'J5 . 1,508 21.59 8205 ♦1134 ♦1879 ♦1880 ♦1881 5403 3753 ♦2677 ♦2678 vs. Earnestness-Lincoln. 1756 Subdued by h. -Amazon. 19,^3 See .JOY. of Discovery-Galileo. ♦3088 Fatal j. -Shock to explorers. ♦SOag Intoxicating j.-Wellingt(m'8. ^3030 Public J. -Acquittal of 7 Bps. ♦;W31 of Benevolence-A. Lincoln. MO " " -Faraday. ,537 " " -John Howard. 4192 " " -Rev. J. Newton. 3077 " Business-Chauncey Jerome. 690 " Dlsccvery-Spaniards. '2206 Domestic J. of Marcius. 112 Fatal j. -Lover's. 3318 Inconsiderate j. f)f peace. 40Oi of Peace- War of 1818. 4091 Reaction of J. -Insanity. ;W98 of Realization -Columbus. 4023 Religious j. in persecution. .5,S4 Speechless J.-Lajolals. 3998 of Success-Columbus. 5398 In Wealth-Sudden. 4848 Sec LAUCillTER. Power in l.-Piilmerston. 1311 See SMILE. Resented by Tiraour. ♦.5214 CHEEI^ING. Cros; .reiice. Effective-" Yelling regiment." ^789 See APPLAUSE. Ancient Germans' a.-Clashing s. ^270 Consequence of a. -Inspiration. ^271 Indifference to a.-Napoloon. ^278 Distrusted by Cromwell. 3739 Presumption from a. 2570 See ENCOURAGEMENT in loc. CHE:mSTRY. CrosB-rcfereiice. Infatuated with c.-I. Newton. 814 CHILD. Influence of a o. -Sovereign. ^790 Passionate c.-Blaise Pascal. ♦791 Power of a c. -Ruler. ^799 T84 C'lIILDlIOOD— ('HILI)UKX. i!l. i! li' Precocious c.-SamuolJohn8on. Rulned-Orlef for. Value of a c.-lOO caiuela. 798 794 795 Miscellaneous crnssrererences. Affection of Webster for his c. 501 Uxpectatlous unroallzod In c.-N. 597 Honored by Mahomet. 6-iOl Impressed by counsel. 2703 Maternal devotion to her o.-A. 190 Mlsslnfi c. in burniuK house. -W. 1 19 Petitioner forBiiving life. 4108 Pltiful-Wounded-Iudlan war. 3731 Reproof of a c. 4780 Unruly c. -Frederick II. 575d CHI1.DIIOOD. Impressible-Conversion. ^790 Terrors of c.-Willlam Cowper. *r»7 Miscellaneous cross-references. Apprehensions in c.-Sln. Kducatlon of c.-Results of. Forecast of manhood. Genius In c.-Goldamlth. Undisciplined c. -Byron. CHILDREIf. Abused-Paupers-England. " -Splnaing. Blessing-Mahomet. Delight in c.-Mahomet. Disolpline of c.-Severlty. Frlghtened-Illness-Death. Labors of o.-Slx years old. Mistratned c.-John Milton's. Overgovernment of o.-J. H. Protection of c.-^oman. Save the State-Washington, of the State-Spartans. Surrender of c.-to Valens. Surviving o.-Samuel Johnson. Treasures-Poor man's. Unfortunate c.-Tartars. 5160 3881 5914 8301 3738 ♦798 *799 •800 *801 •802 ♦803 •804 ♦805 •80C •807 •809 •808 •810 •811 •818 ♦813 Miscellaneous cross-reffirenccs. Abuse of o.-Frederlok Wm. I. 5741 Adaptation to o. -Luther. 8543 Bereavement of c- Wordsworth. 500 Bond of marriage-Indians. 1705 Chastisement of c.-Scourgo. 784 " "-Whlpp'dtod.798 Condesoension to c.-Parental. 8108 Conduct depends on mother. 3727 Cruelty to c.-Irlsh persecution. 1336 " " "-Tlmour. 1337 Degraded by punishment-lOth C.802 " or dead-whlch f 1046 Desire for c.-Mahomet. 4333 Desired or divorce. 1704 Destroyed by parents. 8065 Destruction of c.-Par«ntal. 4356 " " weak c.-Spart'ns. 1350 Devotion to o.-Indian mother8.3589 Discipline of o.-Inconsiderate. 8714 Disobedience encouraged-Law.4119 Diversity of character in c. 287 Extortion-Unfortunate c. 607 like Fathers-Patricides. 1895 Government of c. by authority. 411 Oovemed by fear-Infant c. 2115 Hatred taught to Iri.ib o. 1336 in Heavcn-Swedenborg. 0807 Honesty exposes c.-to Burns. 1972 Imperilled by servants-Scott. 2HH8 Indepeudeul of oversight. , 27H1 Ingrate o. of Henry 11. 2S,')3 Manhood Influenced by c. 3tH)2 Mourning for d. c. prohibited. 3730 Numerous bastard o. in Flanders. 05 Obedience of c. -Spartan. 5071 Patriotism taught to c. 4071 Personality deniud-Romans. 4003 vs. Pet dogs-Ca'sar's reproof. 'J33 Physical development of c. 2530 of Poverty-Wesley's. 4289 " -Tolls of. 4894 Prayer for c. answered. 1080 Prayers of c. asked. 1780 Preservation of c. from Indians. 117 Proof of marriage In c. 318;^ Prosperity brought by v.-A rabs.45i8 Punished for parent's sin. 4571 " " ancestor's sin. 0175 Punishment of c.-Puii utal. 4573 Rebellic )n of c , -Natural. 605 Scourgirif; c. -Excessive. 1350 of the State-Soldiers' orphans. 4004 " " " -Spartans-8 years. 1817 " " " " 1822 Suffer by intemperance. 2921 Tender regard fore. -Impressive 2351 Trained to obedience. 1822 " for citizenship. 2188 " in language. 3130 early-J. Qulncy. 3887 Truthful by training. 2013 Vain anxieties for prosperity of. 190 See ADOPTION. Captives among Indians. *57 by the State of soldiers' orphans. ^58 Annulled by Gabrlel-M. '» son. Pitiful a.-Foundllng. Substitutes in families by a. See BABE. Influence of b. -Pardon. King of Soots-James. " " Eng. and Fr.-HenryVI. Supposititious b. -Believed. See BOY. Enchanted b.-Davld Crockett. Precocious b.-Themistocles. " " -Benj. Fi-anklin. Reformed b.-Davld Crockett. Runaway b.-Benj. Franklin. " Scientific " b.-R. Stephenson. Enchanted by books-Irving Endangered by genius.-Bums. Fortitude of b.-Martyr. Hallucination corrected. Honorable-.Vbraham Lincoln. Hope in b. blasted-Howard. Independent b. -Caesar. Ingenious b.-Eli Whitney. " " -Newton. Manly b. in adversity. -II. Davy, Name of b. fortunate-Ctesar. Observing b.-W. Scott, "button Prodigy in figures-Colburn. Ungovernable b.-Hugh Miller, Unpromising b.-Bp. George. 781 8074 4001 3079 3080 3913 ♦o;^4 ♦635 ♦036 ♦037 ♦038 ♦039 020 246 41.30 27;j4 4635 4002 2788 88 3543 80 3772 ." 19 8532 2463 264 See BOYHOOD. Dull b.-Oliver (JoUlsniltli. Humble b.-Plzarro. Ingenuity In b. Isuiic Newton. See BOYS. Miscellaneous cross-references Friendship of b. -Byron. Interest lu b.-Luther. tiuarrels of b. useful. See DAUailTEU. Appreciative d. -Cromwell's. Expelled for piety. Obedient to p. in marriage. Pleadings of d.-Pardon. Revenge of d. -Murderer. Unappreciated-China. See INFANTS, in Hoaven-Swedenborg. ♦610 ♦0-11 ♦042 Infanticide in oppression. See rUECOCITY. Remarkable p. -James Watt. " " -.\lox. Pope. 8212 497 179 1800 1603 123 3993 0056 1035 ♦2818 2410 ♦4402 ♦4403 Educational p.-S. Johnson. 1815 of Genius-WilUani C. Bryant. 2329 Juvenile p. of Themistocles. 035 in Mathematics. 8532 " -Colburn. 35,S.') Remarkable p.-S. Johnson-3 yrs.793 Youthful p. of B. Franklin. 6.30 See SON. a Devoted s. -Confucius. *585!i like Mother-Nero. ^5200 Reconciling s.-Themistoclcs. ♦5201 Affectionate s.-Wm. Cowper. 110 "-Walter Scott. Ill " "-Calus Marclus. 112 "-Sertorlus theR.G. 1 13 " "-Alexander. 114 " "-Ni»poleon I. 115 Antipathy of J. Howard's son. 122 Ashamed of his mother. 3722 Birthof s., Joy by. 4529 Destroyer of mother-Nero. 1M7 Dlsinherlted-Rellgion-Penn. 3970 Disobedience expiated. 1602 Dutiful s. in manhood. 3723 " "-Alexander the Great. 3730 Grateful s.-Napoleon I. 3727 "-Nero. 3721 Illegitimate s. honored. 3470 Ingrato s. -Matricide-Nero. 3743 " "-Nero. 1110 "-Infamous. 3713 Mother makes the son. 2000 Reformed by running away-C. 037 Rejected by fathor-Wm. Penn. 4745 Shameless s.-Prlnce Ferdinand. 5125 0214 1034 4005 3728 Wayward s. reclaimed. See SONS. Ingrate s. of Henry II. Pride in s.-Mother's-Cornella Bee YOUTH. Ardor of y. -Lafayette. •0188 Attractive y.-Mahomet. •OlSO Backwardness In y. *0190 Capacity in y. -G.Washington. •6191 Corrected-Arlstotle. ^6198 CHIMERA— CHRIST. 78^ n. 'itH-2 497 EK 179 well's 1800 1603 iage. 12:i 1. 3998 3r. 0056 1035 s. c- *aHiH on. rv 2110 kVatt. ♦4403 ope. *4403 son. 1815 •yant. 2339 cles. 635 3538 n. 3583 on-3 yrs.T93 lln. 036 *535!. *58eo clos. *5201 ir. 114 il. 115 8 son 128 3722 4529 •o. 1347 nn. 397C 1663 3733 Gfreat .3730 3737 3731 3470 D. 3743 1110 3713 2066 ly-C. 637 Ponn. 4745 •6188 ♦6189 ♦6190 ton. ♦6191 ♦6198 Corrupted by Catiline. ^61 93 Bncmles In y.-VVm. P. of O. ♦6194 Folly of y.-Ed(?ar Allan Poo. *6li)5 Fountain of y.-Florlda. ♦0196 Genius In y.-Isaao Newton. ♦0197 Hardships In y.-O. Wa8lilngton.^6198 -C. Jerome. ♦6199 -A. Lincoln. ♦02OO Hope In y . -Mahomet. ♦6801 Humble y.-Romulu.s. ♦6802 an Index-Charles I. ♦6203 Manhood out of y.-P. Cooper. ^6804 Mental basis In y.-Glbbon. ♦CSOS Negleotod-Peter the Great. ♦Ci.'OO Perfecting y.-Swedeiiborg. ♦0807 Preparation in y.-WashinKton.^030H Presumption of y.-Louls XIV. ♦0209 Regard for y.-" Kising Sun." ♦0310 Studious y. -John Milton. *6811 Training of y.-Persians. ♦0212 Unpromising y. -Lincoln. ♦0213 WUdness in y.-f Jeorge MUUer. ^0314 Abilities shown in y. by Alex. In y. of Sclplo. 189 Ability In y. of Charles XII. 144 Affections of y.-Isaao Newton. 108 Adversity In y. overruled. 1785 -G. Washington. 1T84 " " " " " 1788 " "-A. Lincoln. 1787 Ambition In y.-ThemlstocIes. 189 " " study-Jones. 1776 Blemished by gray hair. 2499 Brave in death-Covenanter. 050 " y.-Blaok Prlnce-15 years. 470 Choice in y. 3254 Conversation, Instructed by. 2182 Conversion changes evil y. 2351 Corrected in later llfe-Miiller. 878 Devotion to y.-Teacher's. 6150 Determination In y. 1508 Dissolute y.- Hernando Cortez. 78 Educated in patriotism-Spart. 894 Fearless y. -Benedict Arnold. 8132 Fidelity In y. rewarded-Drake. 5007 Folly of y. considered. 8003 Foreshadows the man. 3404 Foundation In y.-Good. 5389 Fountain of y. In free lnstlt'tl'ns.313 ' not found. 1007 Friend of y. -Peter Cooper. 1785 Happy y. -School-days. 5034 Hypocritical y.-Augustus. 48,j0 Impressions In y.-Wm. P. of O. 2703 " "-Cruelty. 3774 Instructed In laws. 3104 Invention In y.-" Mule." 2980 Knowledge in y.-Thirst for. 3090 Labor in y.-Thurlow Weed. 3181 Lite-plan made in y. -Milton. 38.')0 Lover in y. -Napoleon. .3343 Mathematician In y.-Pascal. 2384 Mechanical taste In y. 3543 Ministry In y.-R. Watson. 3015 Misgovernment of y.-IIo ward's. 411 Neglected education of y. 1808 Objection to y. removed. 144 " " " byvotes.129 Offences, Lingering regrets for.-S.19 Preiumptton of y.-Pompey. 6810 Promotion In y.-Alexander. Protected by good relatlves-A, Ruined-Undisciplined y. Saorillces in y.-Knowledge. Sadness of y. -Melancholy. Sceptlclam of y. cured. Selected In a dream. Spirited y.-Alberic the Roman Study in y.-Isaao Newton. Teacher of y. Imitated. Temptations In school. Tested-" Win his spurs." Trained to cruelty. II ti II Trials In y.-Napoleon. Sfo El)t:CATI<)N, FAMILY, YO MAN, Y()1'N(J .MEN. YOlX I'ECJI'l.K, ill luc. 1813 382 1018 3095 .■l,^03 3834 1733 2100 5037 5030 150O 130.-) 1300 5033 I'Mi II CHIITIERA. Pursuit of c. -Isaac Newton. See CKAZE. for Gold-Emigrants. S>eo HALLUCINATION. Realistic h -Luther and the d. ♦2500 ♦814 33.S8 Enthusiast's h.-Joan of Arc. See DELU.SI<>N in tuc. 3;«1 CHIVAIiRY. Baseness of c.-Edward I. ♦SIS Modern c. -Union-Confederate. ♦SIO Order of c.-Knightsof St. John.^817 Patriotic c.-Paul Jones. ♦SIS Miscell&.ieous cross-references. in Battle-BrennevllIe-BloodlesB " " -Prince Rupert. Brutality of c.-Edward I. Courtesy of c.-Black Prince. Demoralized by shameful c.-F, Misdirected c.-De Soto-Am. vs. Property-Marriage. " Puritanism-England. See KNIGHTHOOD. Ceremony of k. -Chivalry. See KNIGHTS. Origin of Order of K. of St. John.817 See rOLTTENESS in toe. CHOICE. of Both-Lysander. *819 Manlfested-Plzarro. ^830 Necessary-My head or king's. *831 Painful c.-Death of Strafford. *823 401 404 815 1300 809 1980 3406 4583 ♦3080 Miscellaneous cross-references. Dlfflcult-Mr. Dustln's children. 117 Necessary c. -Charles I. 410 of Life made In youthtime. 3354 Painful c. -Charge or be charged. 71 " " -Clotilda. 1040 Paradise or perdition. 0141 Politician's c.-Ch. vs. Vote. ,3874 Thirst vs. Royalty. 5958 Unhappy c. -Money or teeth. 8001 See DECISION. Final d.-Cajsar-Rublcon. *1480 .1 II .1 .1 »]4gi Lacking d. -Charles I.-Naseby. ^1482 See DILEMMA. Decided by Maicla. ♦1591 Painful d. -church vs. State. 41 1m Ruin Inevitable. 4!i5ri Unavoidable d. Extortion. 30O3 Sec von NTKEU. Welcome-All-Mahoniet. 03(11 Sic VOLFXTKEKS. Adventurous v. -Conquest of Fla 7ri Choi(M) of v. Soldiers. .'i7liO Daring-Blowing up the ram A. 73 for Self-saLTllioe-Caliils. 4«;!9 Sec ELECTION in U,r. <' II It! ST. Carlcatured-'l'e I il f y i 1 1 }f . *83;i Defence of C.-King of Franks. *S31 Honors for C. -Illustrated. *83.-i Preaching C.- Erasmus. *830 Substituted by the Pope. *837 Theory of C.-Miihumei's. *.83S Misct;Il;vnL'onrt crosH-rffcrenccs. Allegiance to C. professed. Blood of C.-Atoneracnt. Everything, all else nothing. Example of C. comforting. imitated. 1099 fiO:) 1 11m; 21.V.t 5'K " " "sustains-Johnson-.W! Faith In C. alono-Peaee. 4103 Fidelity to C. -Scotch maiden. 4143 Fighting for.C.-Fanatics. 2091 Image of C. on linen cloth. 3730 Light of C. in darkness. 4130 Longing to be with C.-Vane. 3i)39 Loyalty to C. -Supremo. 1003 for Others-Melancholy. 1193 Phantom C.-Mahomet's view. 838 Refuge for sinners-Clark. 1181 Salvation in His blood. 1189 Saves alone-Wesley. 1133 Scandalized-Redeemer incar. 2094 Supplanted by worship-Virgin. 413 Trust In blood of C. -Bismarck. 4751 Views of C. -Imperfect-Indians. 4413 Voting for C. -Roman Senate. .58.-)9 Witnessing for C.-Clirlstians. Cn.!5 See ADVENT. Seasonable a.-Needed-Ready. *73 See CHRISTMAS. Celebration of c. -Revelry. ♦S.^iO Changed by Puritans-Fast. ♦ssi Beneficial celebration of c. 851 Celebration demanded. 3915 Sad c. -Columbus dejected. 1881 Sec CROSS. Emblems of the Christian c. •1317 Protection of the c. -Roman L.^13I8 Recovered-Holy relic from P. *1319 Victory by thee. -Constantino. ♦13iO Hastened by action. 2321 Immediate d. -General Grant. 1891 Charmed c.-" Agnus Dei." Fraudulent c. -Relics. Peace by the blood of the c. Precious relics of the c. Relic of the c. -Nails-Spear. Rival c.-" Indulgence Cross.". Saved by the c -Whitefield. True c. captured by Persians. I Victory by sign of c.-Con. 733 4072 1175 4072 1047 837 4770 324 17-.: , /so CiiidSTIAN— CHURCH. ill i k it i ml S«e CRITCIFIXIOX. Modern o. In India. Honored rello of c. Sec Kl'CIIAUIHT. BleHsluK In the o.-8plrituuI. See .lESUS. no Comforter but J. -Mary 8. H()n(»rod klnK-ttodfrey. KId(,', the ouly-PuritanB. " of all nations. Kingdom of J.-Contrasted-N. I'reclous namo-Martyr. Saints with J. See SAVIOUU. False S.-Tltu9 Oatos. In a Name-" Solon." *1331 1321 5086 5067 8071 ia.-)0 SiHlM a'M7 41.37 1 m ♦5018 ♦5019 False S. of the world-Nero. 4385 See CIlKIsriAN, (JUSI'KL and KKLKilON in too. CHRISTIAN. by Hereavement-A. Lincoln. Kxperlenoe of A. Lincoln. Spirit of the C. -Cromwell. ♦839 ♦831 Commended-Wortli. Corapromlsed-Constantlue. DIscarded-France, year 1794. and Discovery-Columbus. IMverslty In C.-Natlonal. Tndestruclble by persecution. .Misunderstood by (JIbbon. Muscular C. -Salem witches. Offence of C.-Amusements. Qualiaed faith In C.-Shelley. Success of C. -World- wide. Miscellaneous eross- references. VS. .\musements-Romans. 846 Benevolence of C.-Bp. of A. 545 " " -Bishop Ken. 517 " " -Bp. T. Coke. 1570 " " -C. Wilkinson. 531 " " " to Captives. 522 " " -Enf 'ced by c. 4295 " " " -Enlarged. 5,50 " " by Faith. 526 2035 " " " -Huguenots. 638 " " " -John Wesley. 618 ' '• " 649 " " " -Joyful. 3077 " " " -Lady H. 520 Miscellaneous crdsareferences. Counselled to be a C. Louis XIV.1219 Devoted C.-Ml8p'. C.-George MUllor. ^878 and State Divided. ^879 " -Conlllctlng. ♦883 " -Now Haven. ^881 State C.-Engllsh- Weakness. ^880 Suffer'.flg for the C.-Bp. Mark. •883 Support-Voluntary-Saxons. ♦884 MlBccllnneous cruua-referenccs. Allegiance to C. vs. State-J. 2887 Ambition In the C. In early ages. 181 Attendance enforced-I'urltans. 0103 591 " -Va. Col. 4750 " forsleepatc. 5119 at C. demanded of H.3I8 " of lnfant-8. Johnson. 793 HiiUdlng by indulgences. 8803 <'i-imluals In C.-Englaud. 1397 Critic at C.-Chas. GreiivlUe. 1304 Dedlcatlon-the True. 1480 Dependent C.-Angllcan. 880 Drama Introduced in the C. 1720 " prohibited In C. 1730 Government by members of C. 34.M Immunity of C. from civil power.8H2 Intrusive-" Property of God." 1077 vs. King-James II. 3017 Legacies for the C. 3183 " " " 554 .591 3874 " " " 8875 Oppressions of the C.-15th cent. 430 Power of C.-Uumble Henry II. 4104 Property of C. confiscated. 3549 lieadmission to m'b'shlp In the C.253 Respect for the C.-Hat lifted. 01G9 and State-Separate. -102 vs. State-Scotland. 4118 " -English Jesuits. 8887 Sustained by intemperance. 2917 Theatricals In the C.-Ueliglous. 5591 Villainy protected by the C.-B. 882 CHURCHES. Blended-Rom. Cath. and Prot. ^885 without Instruction-Elizabeth. ♦880 CIRed-Freedoni.VH5 uy Christianity -G.'s testimony. S35 m 837 Crime against c, -Library burnt. :!3 10 I'ruelty of c. -American Inilian.s.ras Decadence of Roman u. 131 Degeneracy by c-l'liyslcal-Ind. lilO Despised by savages. 3793 Diverse c.-lrisli-Kiittllsh. 7-.>7 Eai ly c. of EgyptlanH. 31,89 by Kducution-I'uritaiis. 1779 " " -(iermuns. 1781 Knemy of modern c.-Pli. II. of S.'.KhJ Lack of c. -American Indians. ;i;i98 by Letters-Germans. 3197 Poor benefited by c. 43H7 Precedence in c. by Arabs. 135 Progress of c. -German^. 4490 " " by war. .W.K) Uejectod-Ca.'live woman. 33.S8 See CCl.Tl'ltK. Improvement by c. -Germany. ♦KCT Age of c. lost-Arabians. 3;m3 Moral c.-l'ity acquired. l.J.Vl vs. Morality-Union Impossible. .3707 Unrefined by c. -Milton's enemy. 3.3 See CiKNTlLITV. by Restraint-Samuel Johnson. 'i.'US Vicious g.-Samuel Johnson. ^3349 vs. Character-Cromwell. Effect of g.-Love-IIatred. vs. Religion-Offence. " Rudeness-Johnson. Vice gilded by g. of Woman by restraint. See REFINEMENT. Characteristic r.-Athenlans. Misjudged-American Indians. Recommended-Bridal. 4.-)9I 3417 3t;.")0 3418 3319 3318 ♦4010 *4«41 ♦4643 Absence of r. -Diogenes. 3115 Prejudices of r.-Greeks vs. R. 768 See INTELLIGENCE in tur. CLEANLINESS. Mission for c.-Cath. Wilkinson. ••^Sl 0131 Cross-reference. Soap rebellion-Women. See FILTH. and Disease-England. •31.33 Equality In f.-Danlel Webster. •3133 Homes of f. -English. 2599 Religion of f.-Austere monks. 408 Stench by f. -Scotch. .3.869 Streets of f. -England. 5i6b 788 Appeal tn <;, of Miilidinct. *01H VUo o. of Jus. II. to liiforniorH. ♦ttll) ':i 11 Mlicollancmi^ crofm-rorcrer-ien. Artful G 1941 4684 426 1297 933 944 1673 843 300 .•W52 1814 8444 *rm ♦599 ♦1914 867 2351 1650 2203 3437 2640 4389 3708 2971 3432 ♦.3607 ♦30(18 *atm ♦3610 ♦3011 ♦3018 Bigoted m. -Country parsons. 3707 DLscourugementHof m,-M'hm't,l(ViO Fear of ridicule-England. 4110 Hardships of early m. 1149 of Idolatrous worshlp-Bramln, 3705 Poverty,Benevolfne(U)f m.wlth.l310 S.e MINISTUV, Call to m,-By a texjt. ♦3C13 " " " -Three tests. •3014 Early in.-I{. Watson. ♦3015 ICxpelled from Kov. Johnson. ♦3016 1570 3790 36-J 43ai 1804 . a'io "872 .2398 1737 1.2787 2918 3001 3116 4390 4131 4472 5000 875 4391 5000 4391 18C0 2033 2029 1883 0321 0210 Activity in the tn.-Bp. Coke. Call to the m.-Mother's-A. J. Hl.scouragemont at beginning. " in the m. Education for m. -Benevolent. Embarrassed by caste.-A. Burr Kaithful rn.-" Hear me at home. I Heuvoniy m.-Hev.John Tunnell Hindrance to ni. -Dress. Independence of m.-M'th'd'sts against Intemperance. Itinerant m. -Methodist. Laborious m.-John Wesley. Open to all m. -Puritans. Opposed by persecution. Privations in the ra. Rejected by unapprociativo p. nidlculed-Puritan laymen. Salary of m.-400 .sermons-$4. Seci'larized vs. Spiritual. Timidity embarrasses m. " -M'K. Travelling m.-Whitefleld. Uneducated m. -Bunyan. Zeal in m.-John Wesley. " " " -(Jeorge Whitefield. SeeMISSlONAKIES. Discoveries by m. -Catholic. Heroism of Jesuit m. Zealous m.-St. Patrick. Cosmopolitan m. -Jesuits, of Cruelty-Spanish priests. Heroism of Jesuits. .See MISSIONARY. False m.-Cortez. Intentional m.-Dr, Coke. " "-Columbus. t( ii i( Revengeful m. -Mahomet. Unsuccessful m, -Wesley. See MISSIONS, by Conquest a failure. ♦3635 ♦3636 ♦3037 8012 2801 3.-)08 ♦3038 539 841 6151 1408 1122 ♦3639 Destroyed In Japan, and Science- Colunibug. Suceussfui In Japuii. to bo Suutalned M. B. Cox. Zeal for m. Thomas I'oke, [ Providence In m. In Africa. I .See I'Ol'K. ' Superseded by Henry VIII. Snpromauy of p. beneficlai. Cruelty of p. (iregory XII. Devotion to the p., Entire. " -(jregory VII. Insolent p. -Oregory Xlll. Licentiousness of Clement VI, Simony of p.-Vlrglllus. See I'KKACIIKK. Remarkable p,-" Bl'k Harry." See niEACIIKKS. Lay-p. -Puritans. ♦*140 ♦lltUI ♦;hii8 *mm ♦3044 4.'i54 • l.'iOl ♦i;i03 4.V11 .'K)t(l 3K89 3887 33l."> 51, ')2 ♦4389 ♦I3IK) *1391 Monotonous English p. ;i!i,v» Political p. rebuked l)y J. II. 4-,'.'ll> Untrained p.-tiuakers. 19(18 See PKEACIllNG. a Crime In Scotland, ♦i;«i3 " Duty-John Bunyan, *I39,3 Genuine p -Puritans, ♦1394 to Please-Dangerous, ♦ 1395 Profitless p. -"Hung In chains. '*4,'i9(i by Women-Samuel Johnson. ♦i;)',»7 Arrested forp.-Wm. Penn. SO.-).'! Awtlkening p.-B. Abbott. 1080 " -A.sbury. 1179 " -John Bunyan. 1085 " " -John Wesley. 1089 Courage for p.-(}. Ouseiey. 1343 Excitement by p.-Methodists. 4703 Imprisoned for p. -J. Bunyan. 3701 Liberty of all in p. rmv Opportunity for p.-32,000. 1000 Persistence in p. -Bunyan. lfl.">() Personal p. -Seeming. 11S9 "-Resented. 1334 Plain p. -Queen's dress. 1738 Politics- Puritan p.-EngIan(i. 4'.'U8 forbidden-England. 4209 " -Puritans of Mass. 4370 " Conn. 4371 " commanded. 4373 " -Reign of Charles II. 4373 Sermons-42,500 by J. Wesley. 1)3 v.x. Silence of monks. 1109 by Women- Wesleyans. (;i:i3 See I'UIEST. vs. Christ-Pardon. 4103 of Infldellty-Roi)esplerre, 4I.«3 See I'KIKSTS, Interference of p -Meddling. ♦4458 Banished from Ireland. 4117 High regard for p. -Ferdinand. 931 Tyranny of p., Infuriating. 1310 See SERMON in loc. CI^IITIATE. Changes of c. in Europe. ^948 ' Italy. ^947 vs. C'haracter-S. Johnson. ♦949 *. <'ox. Cokd. Afrl(^a. K. VIII. eflolul. y XII, ntlic. VII. Mil. ♦■KHI ♦;)oia *:mn •3041 i.-iM •I.KIl •ClOv' i-.ii .'iiiiti ■■im> '■ins; ■mint VI. 3',' I.-. Harry. Kits. y J. II. 1\(!. (••halns. Iinson. eiin. )tt. luyan. 'csley. sley. lodlsts. unyan. 00. an. land, and. is. n. all. sley. ' * l3Hi.i ♦(31(0 *I3!)1 l'.H)H *I3»1 * 1305 '*43IMi *|.3!)r 30,'VJ lOHO I17!> I()H.-> 10S!» V-iVi 4ro;i ariii lOCf. IIS!> l'>>34 ir3K •I'.'IJH ■(2(1!> 4;.';o 4-i7:i 4-^T.i tii.'ie 4(,'.'-J 4117 aand. 9'Jl r. 1310 ♦W8 *947 *949 Character by n. LaplandurM. *0M •• "-North VH. H. •O.'.O " " -Hevs. Ill AHla. *l).')l I)i'in;elic c. Swcdcnborjc's a. Costly c. -Persian kings. Kxchansod-Man's-Kiiiperor E. *'M'iO Prohlbltod-Imported8ilks-EDg.*!«il 34a 1011 •.■ir'io 1311) W,'i I.V)5 OiKi aooa U57 lOliO 49 Cf.' GUO *'.m .Ml.scelliineoiis cross-rcferenct's. Uonatlon of o. rejected. 4349 Example In c.-.Iohnson. 19CU of I'enltonce-Hair-shlrt. 28H9 Sacrilioed for health. 2-ir>0 Self-made c. of royalty. 0149 Unstylish o -Mrs. A. Jackson. 5999 Woman's c. restricted by law. 4C11 See UKKSS. Criminal d.-Joan of Arc-Malo.*17a0 KxehanKed d.-Joan of Arc. *1727 ExtravaRance In d. -Period of. ♦17S8 " " -Middle A. ♦1729 " " -Loss by. *1730 Impressed by d.-M. Luther. *1731 Investment In d.-S. Johnson. *1733 Letrlsliition on d. -England. *17a3 ♦1734 " " " ♦1735 " " " *1730 an Obstaele-(). Goldsmith. ♦1737 Preaching apanst d.-Ellz'b'th.^l738 Sinful d.-Joan of Arc. ^1739 Dislike for cerei.iouial d.-Nap. Extravagance vs. Par.eimony. '■ of Diocletian. Fantastic d.-Constantlne. Indifference to d. -Cromwell's. Kegleet of d. -Dissipation. 751 4008 •iCt 5772 26a ir>S4 CLl.MAX-CO.MM.VT. NeRlect of d. -Samuel Jubniton. tS)l2 Nettleoted by ahiiencu of mind. 20 Ornamental d. Am. ludlani. .'I'.Mil Regulated by law-Komans. ;i410 rnchanged-Visltor Mrs. Wasti. 27Htl Vanity In d.-Constantlnt 5772 -Tlrlbazus. S773 -" Fine Coat." 577(1 Goldsmith. 5777 Hei- I'A.SHIDN. Depreciated by f. -Science. •2108 Dlsregarded-lJenJ. Franklin. ♦2103 StruBglo for French f. ♦2101 Absurdity of popular f. 419 Discomfort in f. 21HI in Pluasure-Waterlng-placo. 4205 Power of f. -Tobacco-James I. WM I'nrostralned by law. 1734 Sw IIAT.S. Difficulty in getting h. -England .2104 8w IlKdAI.IA. Dislike for r.-Napoleon. 751 Sec JKWKI.ItV in l;c. CLMIN. .\nclentc.-" Inim. livers." ♦91)2 CrOM.'^-ri'fcretid'. Organization of old English c. 3H1 Sft ASSOCIA'l'loN.S in luc. C'OKIICION. Patriotic c. of Tory Tim. Paine. ♦903 Mlsoulhliu-tiu^ -.s-rt'riTi'iiccfi. Fictitious c.-.Mary (i. of Scots. 2188 oi Govecninent by tlnances. 2404 " Juries Star ( luimbor. 30'i() " Jury-by Jeffreys. 3()l.s Morale, of Sund-.laiid. 1997 Profession in life by o. l4H,"i Kepentance by c. -Failure. 139(i Signature by c. Magna Charta. 3207 See EXToltTlON. Complete e.-England by L. ♦2(K)0 Cruel e.-Jew's tooth dally. *2001 " "-Mass. Colony. ^2002 Dilemma in e.-Henry VIII. ♦aoos of Government-Charles I. ♦aXM Misnamed "Benevolence." ^2005 Outrageous e. -Romans In B. ♦200(i Royal e.-Rlchard II. ^2007 Submission to e.-M. Crassus. ♦aoos of Benevolence-(y) Henry VIII. 430 " "-James I. 523 Capitalist's e.-Jews. 712 Church e. of dues-England. HOS Disgraceful e.-.Ioan of Arc. 1720 of Gifts for Maxentius. 370 Charles I. 3602 by Government-France. 3073 of Jailers for debt. 2125 " Merchants-Roman. ^wS " 5C59 -England. TiCfiO " Offertory-Duke of CJuIse. .")27 Permitted-Courtiers-James II. 007 of Prisoners by jailers. 'I4t)9 Religion opposed by e. 1190 Revenge of masses on Rufinius. 427 of Traders-England. 0656 L'nlvi^rsai e English Judges. 1217 Unterrllled by e. II. Peter. 2205 Sii' KdlK'K. DlHtliigiilshed by f " II'mm'r."^21M7 Fictitious f. .Maryt^uet II of S. ♦21HM VH. (,'onsclence-SubJugaliiiii diOl Dlvinit:- In f,-Tliemlsto('icH 2:l.'<7 vs. PerH'vt.-iiK c lllustriitloii. 4119 Ml^crllitiii 'iM-t l^ll■>^ i<-IVr<'iict'.i. ConcealniiMit of Itoliemond. I112I ExpeDslve c. Attila's Golds.- 1. t!H8 COIN. Cliiiped In Englaiiii-Moiiey li. ♦901 (.'fMS- iiJ'.Tinrc. Clipping of c. punlslied Ed. I. 710 S.o Mi>\KV ,„ /,„■, COINI'IDKNCK. Alarming I' (iulr Kiirlli(|iiiike. ^905 Comforting c. Ulbllc:al Ic^ison. ♦iiCO Repeated 'I'lieseiis and Rom. *(m;7 Htraiigo c. Death of Adams J. ♦9tW " " II. Miller'saiip'rili'ii.^'.'OO .Mlicclhiiieoii.s (.ToHs-refereiicei. Marvellou.1 c. -Martyr. ll.K) ill Namcs-Hacon. ■■iT'..'i Remarkable ('.-.Mysterious voire. 2.')0 Strange e.- signals alike. COLD. ,Misct'll:un'tHi-i l■I■l'^.•^ ri'f.'ronC' s. Affects mind I.apiaiiiiers. Fearful of c. Folly. Si-u CLI.MATK in Inr. COl^VKtiK. vs. Capii il l.iiCalion of Yale. 11. VI II.'jO 202:. •973 Mlsc 'iiui ci'i.iB-rffi'rcncos. Disgraced 111 Preshlent. 3177 Rebellion in c. jiistKied. 21H Struggles In c.-S. Johnson. 201 See SCKOOI. ill lui:. C'OL.011. Caste of c.-Green-Ulue-Earth. ^970 Prejudice of c. -Portuguese dis ♦971 COLOR-LINE. In Commerce-Columbus. ^972 rross-referoiice. of Faction-Romans-Blue-Gr'n. 2019 COilIBAT. Pleasure in c. -Roman shows. ^97 1 Mlacellancou.s cross references. Amusement by brutal c.-Old E "-Rom. Farcical 0. -Wellington. Trial by c. (iauls. " " " -Romans. See DTKL. Combat by d. -Alexander. Murder by d. -A. Hamilton Naval d.-Paul Ji>nes. Proposed by monarchs. Religious d. -Wellington's. Challenge unaccepted. Combat by d. -Generals. 218 219 17.-)0 305( 5703 ♦1740 ♦1747 ♦1748 ♦1719 ♦17.50 757 1543 I- ©i i:? w :yo (OMKDY— (OMMKIU K. 8(Wt , 1 ' m i Trial liy il.-daulM. War omlud by oluoii I. Via In MIstorluriH-Mohiiiniiiudan. l.'i(W ItullKloua v. Ill (llNtrUHH. " •• trial. S<'i. ('ONSOI.A'I'ION. of I'lillosophy U. S. Hoothlua. *11;k 111 I'lilloMopby-Mootlilus. " KvllKloii-Cliarli^s I. t>ti-ant;t! c. In dcatb. Sic SVMI'ATIIV. by i:xperleii('iv S. Jolnisoii. I'l'cakM of H. -Napoleon I. for l''rlen(lle«H-Llncoln. Mutual a. -Napoleon I. for I'oor-Miii'oln. Kollclous «. -Puritans. VnnmDned by a. -Columbus 1 i.'ii 1U7 *M9;i •.">4IM ♦W1I5 ♦Mit; ».M!)8 *.M!K) BeKtcars' art8-Loudon. l'.'!i:i Denied offendor.s-Old England. '.'HOO J'k'contrlulty of H.-Napoleon I. 35T8 Kiiratced by a.-Fred. Wra. 3;iS9 rumalo 8.-IiUuy Hutchinson. OlOri " "-Joan of Arc. (ilOl for FuKlllve.s-Amerlcans. liitiO Power of 8. -Pardon. -KiOl Prayerful a. -Wife of Martyr T. (171) SuflferlnK In s.-Ur. Mott. WIT Various forms of s. for W. Scott. OJ C'0]TEPOHTER. <'rnss-r('ft'rt'ric'e. Qualified by cxpfrlcnoe-Luthor. O.T Sio .11 )Y /// Ina. COIVillAIVD. Dhided-Argyle-Invaslon of 8. *975 Cro.'is-M'teri.MicL'. Insulting c. of Attlla. 821 See AUTHORITY. Absolute a. necessary In war. *40C " " -Early Komans. ♦JOT " "-Turks. *4iih Acknowledfred-Franks In Oaul.*4n9 Assumed-Oliver Cromwell. •■110 Dependence on Parental a. -n. •411 by Gentleness-Joan of Arc. *ilii Imprudence with a. *413 Necessary-Military a. *414 Personal a.-Ani. Indians. 'JIS Popular a.-Chas. I. humiliated. ♦410 Supreme a.-Joau of Arc. Arbitrary a.-Kdward I. Autocratic a. of Henry VIII. " " " Pompey. Beneficlal-A rroKated-Popes. Bought with money-Sylla. ♦417 710 434 438 4303 8877 by Oharaotor-ArUtldea. 000 Command without a. loiu Common a.- Spartan <'.-IIorHe§. wis Conlllctlii(ta.-Capl. Wads worth. «Ii.''tl -Inipliatlon-Alarlc. Wit.) ConfiialciM of-Oov't of Acre. 311.1 DeleKiiltuI to Ihc popc-Indult;. H3T DiHrcKai'dcd Pope IniKx'c't 111.411:11 Divided Failure of Aruyle. K't (ireitteHt act of personal a. 4T41 Intolerable to Am. Indians. ilTHO Investment of a.-Uom. cciiaor. TIU .Maintenance of a.-Pope'a. 3(17 Parental a.-Perfeet llarmfulll. WH! PosMesslon of u. -Cromwell. .'<31 Power kIvcm u. -Joyce. 4.1(13 KecoKiiltlon of a. by synibols IT I Itepreseutatlve of a II. VI. T'H) .Symbol of a. lost-Seal of KnK. .'.i«.(l Unrocoifnlzt'd by Charles I. l.ViO I'aurpatlon of a.- Pretext. 3h.'.') .s.r LAW. Above I. -James II. ♦:ii;is Delay of l.-Johii IIamp4 Enforcement of l.-(Jood. •SlS.'i Obsolete I. enforced. *31.')() Printed law-thc FIrst-Eng. ♦31.17 Proposal of 1. -Athenians. ♦31.')8 ' Severe 1. repealed. ♦31.19 " -Egyptian. *3!()0 Sumptuary 1. -Romans. ♦3161 ♦3103 Suspension of l.-Lac'd'm'nrn».^.Sl(13 Unwritten 1. of Spartans. ♦3104 Civil vs. Divine l.-France. 4993 Contradictory 1. -Persecution. 4I3C Defiance of l.-Crlmlnals. 1399 Defled-Plrate-Captain Nutt 4000 Distorted by James II. ](U3 Evasion of l.-Perlcles. 1930 Government without 1. Indlans.34.30 Human vs. Divine 1. -England. B998 Impotent-agalnst Bribery. 1308 " " " 1316 I Inoffoellve I'rohlbillon lu (la. ! " -AliuNpR In In^land. Lawyers enforce or l)reak I. obNolett) l.-l'sury Honian. Partiality In executing I. -Poor. " " execution of I. " " enforcing 1. In I'oetry First 1. l{eiipeote 18.14 tl(» 5109 I l.'W '3843 ■3H44 '3fM.1 ',■^46 '.'184T ';i848 '3»I9 m\ 3800 411 3199 .KIT I 3313 933 without Affection J. II. 's son. ( 'ondltlonal o. -Legality. Fxactlon of o. -Howard. Kxactlng o. by Wesley. Lesson of o. Important. Love secures o. Obsequious o. of clergy to J. U Stimulated-Dlsgraee-Soldlers. l.'.id Training In <>.- Children. 1h;j .Sec (iOVKHNMENT uml KULEU I'll luc. CO.mVIANDER. ( 'npMrt-rtTcrcncp. Dangerous c.-Tr'cherousSoxtiii 13 Sie Ul'l.KIt 111 he. rOIVIITIKRCE. Benefits of c. Keflex d'vel'pm't ' -English comp.-D " "" -Enrichment of II " " " -Oood governm't. Hurdened-Amerlcan ( 'olonles. Enterprise of c.-Am. discovery Importance of e.-Eng., a.d. 1685 Neglect of c. -Egypt-no Timber Patriotism of c.-Am. Rev. Pioneers of c.-Pha'niclans. Piracy of c. -England, a.d. 175.1. Polities and c.-Controlllnggov Precedence of c -Savages. Prohibited by Spartans. Revenge of c.-British-Ano. Col. and Science-Discovery of Am. Spirit of c.-Selflsh. " " " -Unwarllke. Success by c.-the Dutch. ♦9T(i .♦9T9 .*9T8 ♦977 ♦980 ♦981 .♦983 .♦983 ♦984 *9H.1 ♦9H(; t.9HT ♦9KH ♦989 ♦9!K) ♦991 ♦993 ♦993 ♦904 Miscellaneous crosn-referencot. Anticipation of c. realized. 440H Color-line in c. 973 Conservatism of c.-Am. Eev. 4072 Unity of men by c. 2189 Wars of c.-English. 5945 COMMlSSIoN-CnMlM'/nTloN on iu 'a. OX) 1 In^Iuml. 4'.'.VJ >r(iak .11:0 riiiiM. ftr.v Kl.-I- "•r. ('.ir llof 1. 'llNK) rl. tw 4«:i ■enter . .■Ill"* Isbmi'Mt. 4r,iu IU.'lt .1111; !WI iiy. Sir jliind. 1010 nn. la.M »el)tH. 1 ua r. nii)!» I l.T. :cK, lilans. ♦3843 '■■mi 't.. *.'WI,') Haiiifn. ♦3«4t; ♦.'iNir ♦.•)*18 (). *;wi9 .'seon. sort , asoo I. 111 219!) .-.1)7 1 .•i'i:.;; *o J. If J)»i»» Didlers. J •.'.!« 1. JH-JJ Stllllt)'(l. COItl.niTTRK. MIh(t1IuIU'<)U« ITdNH-D'ClTCIICPM. InlorfereiKHi of c. In war. 118 1 (192 ♦.■i6n;i ♦(MIM •:wi."i« ♦IMWT ♦.")0.19 ♦fMMW) ♦.'.(LVt •.VKIl .n. ll.'iV Unc'ontnnilnated by evil a. .'.03il Hw ASSnclA'IKiN. (')llinKed by ii.-(ire(!k" IHC,.') Contitinlnated by priMoii a. r>M()l <'t>iitrolled by a. -Alex. I'opo. 22!I8 DanKerouM a. with 'i'liiiodora. 4MI.'I I)entrilc)tlve " Arli'muB Ward." 32KI 1131 980 981 4(10 407 COMiniTNIOIV. with Clod Oliver Cromwell, by Mk49 " Land by early Komans. 152 Kestoratlon of c.-Cleomenes. 2445 M(K)2 ►1003 2182 33.35 1276 ♦191C ♦1017 099 1294 MLHeelliineo'irternfCH-referenceH Invidious c.-Kesults. Proof by c. -Poverty -Fat. St>e CONTKAST. Greatness by c.-charlomagne. Pity vs. Cruelty Inconsistency coin PASS. CrortH-reft'ience. Distrusted by Columbus. rOI»IPA«*S10N. Discreditable c. -.lames II. ' Female c. -Indian girl. Miscellaneous crossrefi renc«a. Appeal to c.-Slx burgesses. Destitute of c. -Indian women, for Failure In life- Burns. Woman's-Characteristlo c. Sec CLEMENCY. Appeal to c. of Mahomet. Vile 0. of .las. II. to Informers. Artful c. of Diocletian. Declined by (Jellraer. Exhibited to the unworthy. .Sec GENTLENESS. Excessive g. In ruler. Failure of g. -Impiety. Power over s. by g.-Joan of A. of Rebuke-Cffisar's. Success by g.-Mlssionaries .WIC 1033 2472 . 8773 2840 ►1005 4039 2074 2027 C045 ♦918 ♦910 2102 3748 48;^7 2394 3418 1.550 46.32 5.395 7!tl Hi, KIMiNEKS. Kellglonof k Khv.I. Nnwton.Moa Conenaln faultn llervejr. UKB Crime of k. Ill erimltial. im Kiiprlinaml of k .loliiiHnn. I77.'i of Savages III ColiimbuN. 2019 Spirit of k. Pope III Howard. ID Sim MKUI'V. ProvlMlon for m. A. Lincoln ♦TiSM Affeellon Willi. lUt merey, 30(12 DeHidHed liy .leffreyM. 30(18 (iratltudt) for uparlng m 119 l.iiek of m. old Knglanii. ■i'^m odious in. of .laines I! .'1997 Pleading for m CiiIiiIn. |i'i;|9 8.e .MII.HNEns. Ill-timed m. New York mob 3H|6 8i'« IMTV. Kaise p OppresNor's. ','692 Inserisllilo in p. Tlinonr. |.'|.'17 Manifested Abdallah. 2'J89 Moments of ji. cruel caliph. '2773 Pleasure marred by p. .'i,'t2i> Punishment for p. Dr. llalenienl.MO llestralneil by fear Heretics. 2."i.'i7 after Self protection. I Kit rnnntiiral to man .lohnson. l.')53 Victim of his own p. (Jiildsmlth.543 Wlthlicld Suffering Tyrant. 1.'r,7 " by Komiins. 13."5 Woman's p. for foundling. 781 See SVMI'AI'IIY. by Experience S .Johnson. ♦.'5493 Kreiiksofs. Napoleon I. ♦.M91 for the Friendless Lincoln. ♦.549.% Mutual s. Napoleon I. ♦,5490 for Poor Lincoln. ♦5497 Keilglous s. -Puritans. ♦,5J9S I'nmanned by s. -Columbus. ^5499 Heggars' arts-London. 1293 liimlcdiifTeiiilers-old Kngland. '2800 lA'ceiitrlclty of h. -Napoleon I. 3.578 i:iiragcd liy s. Fred. William. .'(.'WO Female s.-Joan of Arc. 0104 " " Lucy Hutchinson. 0105 Power of s. -Pardon. 4001 Piayerful s. Wife of Martyr T. 079 SulTering In s. Dr. Mott. 5417 Various forms of s. for W. Scott. 92 See lii;.M;V(l|,EN(;E 111 l;<-. COITIPKTITION. Miscelliine'ins crM.*s-rerert'nces. Fame bye. -Discoverers. Progress by c. Inworthy c.-Poet vs. Puppets. 18.'J5 See RlVALKY. Huslness r. Steamboat, an Obstacle-Politics. Successful r.-Uizzio. of Talent vs. Money-Home. L'nsuspected r. -Brothers. •2047 4 192 ♦4918 ♦4910 ♦I'.iltl ♦4020 ♦4917 of Physicians-Diverse systems. 538") See RIVAL. Authority in religlon-H. VIII. 4-301 Hitterness toward r.-Clay. 4247 Dangerous r. to royalty. 4284 Dislike of r.-Clcero. 44.54 Hateful r.-Wlfe's. 6068 nn COM I'KTin )|{S-t;ONC;KIT, I i \ \H Jealoui of r •(loUlmnltb. tina Johiiion. 4410 Morlirylntf •luicfiiii of r. dtx^tor (I'M Tliri'ittof r.-Niirii llrUuniiliiu*. 't:iiHl Huu IMVAI.S. Coinhat of r. Tluilmni. 8NHI DiifnHt of r.hy .lofTorHon Lovci-g xm\ DlMconl tti tfnv't, by r.-Aoni. iillA Kimiulc r < irtrtvlii VN.CIiiupiitru.Ul.Kl .luitloiiii of r. Ili'iitliorit. Iil'.'O JllllllHllll. MNI l(i)l»!H|ilcrro. una Wife vit. ('oiiriililim r. oioi) COItlPK'riTOUN. Ikiii>1>1u (1. (if Kiiip. (•nilliiii. *mY7 ^Lc CiiNTK.'^r III /". . <t;iiril('il liiiiimtiN. Dl 13 j lll-loiii|ii'riil r. .luhiisiiii. irilt;) Illi'iiiiNlileriito c, l'(irii-li>M, 17(111 I I'ITIIiIIISI' l>fl'K|ltlVl!N IlllllilllH. Ml.") FermlHHioii of ('. Di'mIi'iI. l-Jill L'seluRM o. iiKiiliiHl liU niotliiT A. Ill Sci^ III. A MM. AhmudioiI tiy KinitiiliioiuliiH. 'jNnfi " (iiMiorously l,ep. .TWO DlHiiwnod Cliiiri'li vm. Kliitf. .11)17 Eiidaruiiuuof I). WiiNliliiKtuii. !.'.'ll;! Hie <'K(lAKINi). of Di'ifoiieniey Kn>r. I'urltuiiH. •l;ll.^ lliihlt of o. iibo It tlio wi'uthoi'. ♦i;)i(i Hue (IKiKVANCKS. iKtiorud liy Jhiiioh II. 8HS3 .Suo (ilU'MllMNO. over Kulluruti of Ad. NeUon. *2-l90 €OITII*LIITIKIVT. Faint) ».'.- Ho hurt Itiiriis'HtoiiMt. *1(K)0 Oraooful 0. of Wni. of Orurih'o. ♦1010 Ml.iapprupriated-Cato. ♦1011 MlncclIiiiiooiH crosBrcfereiii'cH. llurdeiisoino-Ofllco Cicero. 3H(H by Confldeiico-Ca-'sur. 1011 Coiitomptuoiis c.-"8mallogt t." 741 for Ilosplfallty-dluttony. ;.'ti39 I'ubllo-Aluxandor Napoleon. aa33 See AUULATIO.V. Offlclal a. of CharloH I. by Finch. *(50 liubukud of James I.-Hubjects'in.*«l Kidicuious a. of II. VIII. -r. b. k. *6-i for Money-Dedication of books. 40h Sec KI.A'l'TKKY. Artful f.-f'aptive Zenobla. ♦I'l.'ia False f. of Henry VIII. *aiM Fulsome f. of James I. *>i\:t4 Irritating f. of Fred, the Great. *ai5.'j Uesoiited-Alexander. ♦ai.'iO Xte warded- Excessive f. *S157 Deception by f.-Uochostor. 1 171 Develops servitude- Komans. .'i(i,5 JCiubarrassment by f.-('icsar. StCT for Favor- Voltaire. 8825 Fulsome f. of ( harles I. 00 Wealth by f.-Le({aeles. 5971 of Woman's beauty-EItzabeth. 2684 Hue I'KAIHR. l>ioNiTiu.-v. Hasty n. of Hatiiiiel .IoIiiihoii. *I0I'.' Labor of o.-Wordswortli. •I0|;i Method in iv .lolin Milton. «|ii|| Hwlft c.-Wiivrrley Novels 'toi.'! and Toil Koliert llurns. *IOin 1'oli.Mhed by Viixll. 1031 <'0.nPONlIHK. MlKii'lllll,. .IM r|i.-,H II I'l ICIU'Cll. before i;xi'i'Utloii- Arnyle. WlHl liemarkiible r. Ali'Xiiiidi'r. Shrill He.' CAL.M.NKSH. Christian e.-Jolin Wesli'y Mob.*tllW of Dlsi'lplliie Na|ioit'i)ii. •(190 Kxiisperatlntc e.-Soerutes. ♦7tiO laill Ilia 1III7 1 l.'il am a.-ia,') a.'i.'io 1.M13 I'onquered by e -Mob. In Death Duke of MniiiMouth " *' Lord Stniffonl. " " -Socrati's. Faitli produces e. Htorm. of (ierilus Admiral Drake. .MiiHleriy c. Napoleon I. I'ower In o. Cromweil. lieilftion seeuri'Mc.KartlKinake.lOHr UellKlouH e. FioKKinK'Ji'hnson.ai.v.l In a Tumult 'I'lioinas Lee. 1571 CCnPHBIIKIVNIOIV. I'rimrt ri'feniice. Difficulty In c.-Dr. Jolinson. 10(14 OOITIPHOITIINB. Failure of 0. -Missouri. ♦1017 (jualltieations forc.-Cranmer. ♦lOlH Uojected by Aristldos tlie Just.^IOlU Hettlemont by e. Slavery. ♦loao ou .slavery- Federal Uov't. ♦loai Tomporlziuft e. -Omnibus bill. ♦lOaa Mlsccllaneoui) cronB-refcrenccs. Failure of c. with Jame.s II. 3-18 IiupoMsiblc-l'. H. and France. 5710 In Legislation -CouKress. 31H0 of Frlnclplo JustKled. SH75 " liy offeriuK Incense. H19 " " a sei^mUiif success. 30aa Sec ('ON'-ESSION. Dangerous c.-K. to Tribunes. *i(!ti\) 8854 717 Need of c. unappreciated. See TIIIMMEK. Political t.-Ualifux. Guardod-Mah. from assassins. ♦loas Unpleasant c.-Bohcmoud. ♦1024 Mlscellaiieoim erossrefereiices. of Corruptlon-Hlank clause. 1079 Dangerous o. of Atheuaslui . 4530 by Mnnler of witness. 8fl7t Hucecisfui e. of Mahomet. U:|77 See lUSCII'ISK. Iletrayud Kx (^ueeii Mary. *tlVIO Clerleai d. John lluiiyan. ♦IflAO Dangerous d. LoiiKchamii. *li).M Detected ( iodlus I'liiilier. ♦lll.VJ Dimciill FUttht of ( harles I. ♦lll.Vl hueoetsful d. bmp. .Majorlan. ♦lU.Vt Diffleuit Ulehard I. 117.1 lor Kvll deeds-rtdltics lirlbery. ima Ineffective d. itiehard II. 1014 " Jeffreys. 4HI3 in .Masiiucrade Deadly. .'tnia of I'atrloi.s lloHton Tea Party. 3.'ao I'lMietrated by Joan of Arc, aHll.l Perilous d, of martyrs. 354)0 PerMoiial Suecessfiil I'liarles 11,3911 UellKlollM d. of .lesults. 301)1 Hiiooessliil Alfred the Great. 5Hatl Wife disguised In man's dress. 3IN3 Sr»liNlvii l>. Miiiiiiitil Jiiliiiiioll.'li.'M) Knily of i>. l)B«tnici.lvi!. ♦lift! lliirnllUiiMl Sniiiiitil •lohiiNon. *HM Mortlltiiil ollvur (liihliniltli. ♦I4n.'t «if Itlvttlry CIceioH. ♦41(H Haurltlmi* fur |>. UohUinlth'*. ♦4IU flubjutfutlon of I.iitlKir'N p. ♦4iriO Vuln glorloun ii.of llniiry Vin.<'4in7 ;iMi 4*19 »m «<174 1K178 449'J ir.87 8810 88-,'0 ll'taiitful p Olwilml ihitTurk. VH. (/Miarlty Nxwtori, <'(iinpy proiiiotloM. IliiiiiilUltoii of p ruiiaiiou. IiuliiHtry micrllUti'd lo p. Iiiriituatlon of p. .laiiioK II. Injured by Hymputliy \V. Hiiott'M. Ii8 Money to ({nit Ify p. 3(179 Mortlllciitlon of |>. OoUUmltli. 88(U Mortllled by rival S. JobiiMon. 44.')() National p. arount'd. 8I4H Offended I'ortralt of Kllzaboth.4M89 VB. I'eae(3 National Tliebaus. 4095 Poverty with p. JohiiHon. UeNentmeut of wounded p. " " orltliilHm. Sorrowful p. JohnNon. uf Vr e OainbllnK. War, cause of KiiKland. Wousuled by Indlffeienco. " " precedence. Keo VANITY. ExcesHlvo v.-UlocU.tlan. Folly of V. Madmaii. FooIIhIi v. -KerKUfon. with OreatneHH Queen Bllz. Uebuked-" Fine t'oat." " -Oold»ralth'8 y. " -Artaxerxes' v. " -MenecfHtes' v. Mldloulous V. -Monumental. Victim of V. -Alexander. 4319 8018 4817 10(18 8878 3005 1516 1671 ♦5772 ♦6773 ♦5774 ♦6775 ♦6770 ♦5777 ♦5778 ♦6779 ♦5780 ♦5781 of Ambltlon-Clriint-Alfonso. Architectural v. -Pyramids. 8681 8305 6647 In Benevolence-Johnson. 581 Clerical v. In erecting St. Sophia 804 Covered with ragn. 6677 of Earthly possesNlon. 8379 Flattered-Charles I. by Pinch. 00 Illndranoe of v. -John Adams. 3894 IIomaKe to v. of Greek Einp'rors.69 ' Diocletian. 80 of Honors-Queen Marj'. 8019 " Llfe-Captlve klni?. 3298 In Old AKe-Constantlne. 6778 " " " -Queen Elizabeth. 6775 Perilous v.-Emperor Julian. 3078 of Popularity-Cromwell. 4324 Prevents success-Tlmotheus. 2813 Rebuked-Buokingham's. 3904 " -Demnratus. 8903 Sensitive v.-Vc Italre's. 81.N5 Victimized by .^ompey. 5 <:ON<'KMNION. DanKiirouau. l(onmu»tuT. ♦lOW ('riMtrafiireiica. Need of 0. unapiiruelattul. 8054 8««i CoNf'lI.IATIo.N in loc. CONOIMA'riON. by FuTors-Aiinn of Aiutrla. *10RU Puller of e ■Cimar'*. ♦1"31 VI. Tbr«iat«nlnK <-mMr. *l(K)liic)i. 8upt'rflulat r. Orli'ims and II. " Dylnif Kied. II. CON<'OUD. Crnn^ ri'fiTfm'u. vs. Conquered .MiNlake. Mev AllKKKMKNT. Forced a. a Failure. Neo'Hsary In Denunciation. Policy In a. -Cicero Poinpey. Sen IIAHMU.W. Fearof h.-HpartaiiH ("nt'ntlon. Hi'.' IN' ION in loc. OONt ITHINICH. MlHCt'll'^iit'oiiH cro^^H-rffcr^'iiccs Power of Pernlan e. Passion for e -KlaKabalun. OONDKN8ATION. Literary c. Ciesar Veul, etc. " " -Virgil's writings. CONDESCUNSION. t!rii»Hreferuiici'. Shameful o.-Miirla Theresa. Sue AKKAUILITY. Falsehood In a. -Charles I. 8co IH'MII.ITY in loo. CONDITION. ('romn'fi rtnce. Concealed-( 'orruptlon. See CIKCUM.STANCK.H. Difference In c.-Alexandor. Controlled by o.-" BobblnR J." 89.1 Sep (Jt'AI.ITY in Inc. CONDOLENOB. Unappreciated -Urunt at Pekln.^1035 See SYMPATHY. by Exporlence-S. Johnson. *M9Z Freaks of s. -Napoleon I. ♦5494 for Friendless-Lincoln. ♦5495 Mutual s.-Napoleou I. ♦5490 for Poor-Lincoln. ^5497 Religious s.-Purltans. *5498 Unmanned by s. -Columbus. ♦5-199 Beggar's arts for s.-London. 1293 Denied offenders-Old England. 8800 Eccentricity of s. -Napoleon I. 3.')78 Enraged by s.-Fred. Wm. 3389 Female s.-Lucy Hutchlnpon. 0105 " -Joan of Arc. 0104 Power .if s.- Pardon. 4001 Prayeiful s.-Wlfe of Martyr T. 679 3918 6.')01 8095 8808 10<17 183 l(l.-3 3918 ♦8588 Hn. UDU " " eonvlellDns. I,'i.l7 Character evinced liy c. Nap. 1380 Condemned by e. A. Herbert. 1119 Contemptible (^ (.'oiiiniddiis. I.V.m) Controlled by Win P. ofOranKi- 181 Contradictory I'. Jiiniiw II imil IncoiiHlHtent •lumen II. 57'.'.'! Pioprlely In iiiliilHterlal e. I |M4 HurprlHliig II .Mary Princess of C.7H8 96g 900 ♦10.'t3 ♦1034 4849 1078 1070 ♦887 Unexpected ('iin'8Ihtkni;y. DUregard fore. -James II. 4841 ►1133 Noble 11. William I'enn. 48,">5 Overrated by James II. 4401 Hie I'ut'UTK.SY. Denied to Hpciikcr J. K. Polk. ♦1857 Forfeited by Up. of Wlnch'Hfr.^l8r)M Marked c. Peculiarity of Kng. ♦185J to Unfortunates Black Prlnoe.^1800 and Crnelty of Black Prince. Devotion to c. Knights. ICmliarraMsIng c. (loldsmlth. llearllexH Roman c. Iiidili'ls denied c. In.selislblc to claims of o. Scant c. remembered. Sie DKCKNCY. Kegard ford. -Young Newton. See DKCtillU.M. In Debate American Indians. Ministerial d. S. Johusim. Heu (IKNTILITY. by Restraint-Samuel Johnson Vicious g.-Samuel Johnson. vs. Character-Cromwell. Effect of g.-Love-llatred. VH. Rfllglon-Offonce. " Rudeness-Johnson. Vice glided by g. of Woman by restraint. See MANNKK8. Blunt m. -Diogenes. Changed-Romans. Effects of m. -Well-Ill-bred. " " " -S. Johnson. Neglected-Samuel Johnson's. Plain m.-G. Fox, Quaker. Unrefined m.-S. Johnson's. Urbane m. of Charles II. Affected by language. Awkward and agUe-Shelley. Blunt m. of William IIL Brutal m.-Frederlck II. Chivalrous m. -Black Prince. Contrasted- Athenians vs.L. 779 1181 4;i.'!.') 2013 88;) 1 80 1 1 408:) ♦1478 ♦MH3 ♦1IH4 ♦8.118 ♦8319 4.591 3417 2fl.-)6 ,3418 2319 2318 ♦3415 ♦.T-llO *;)4I7 ♦3418 ♦3-119 ♦.'J-I-'O ♦3121 ♦3488 31.33 443 4289 8551 2336 3790 I 794 Corrupted m. duHtroy Uoine. jVOi) Deceptive m.-SunJerluiid. aiKl7 Demoralized by bud plillos'pliy. 4104 £uoentiluni.-y. JohnsoD. 8310 " " " ajll EndaOKered by wealth. 3H54 too Fuiulllttr in. J. Uogg. 2061 Imitation of m.-J. Uvgg. 2001 Plain in.-Mrs. Pre-s't Jackson. f)815 Simplicity of m.-Mother of W. 2780 Truiiilntt In m. liCfective. 5070 Unrolluod m. of Cromwell. 802 Unrestrained m. -Perilous 2002 Sfo I'OLITENESS. Burdensome p.-Uand-shaklnK- SMO CharacterlHtIo p. of Mahomet. 801 Death-bed p. of Charles II. 3422 with Dectltutlon. 20r)0 Disagreeable p -Cn'sar's. 3400 DIstlnKulBhed for p. /EmlUus. 1002 Ignored by politicians. 3804 Intontloual p.-Ue(?ont of China. 1035 Kind p.-Siillor's. 0021 Mark of p.-tJiuttony. 2039 Kule of p.-Jolinson. 1.593 Trespass on p. -Criticism. 1312 to Women-Sabines. 6110 See PROPRIETY. Ignored-Mlnlgterial p. 1737 See KEFINE.MENT. Characteristic r.-. Athenians. *I6I0 Misjudtced-Amerlcan Indians. *4041 Recommended-Urldal r. *4642 Absence of r.-Dlogenes. 3415 Preludlces of r. -Greeks vs. R. 709 See HRAVERY, CRUELTY, DI.-^.SI- I'ATION, IIAIUT, INDUSTRY, LICENTIOUi^NE.S.'^, LIFE, MOD- ESTY, NOBILITY, PRU- DENCE, PIETY, WICK- EDNESS /■;) loc. CONFESSION. Miscellaneous crosa-refiToiicon. Death-bed c. -Shameful. 1081 Governmental c. of weaknes?. 2402 Honorable o., Forgiveness by. 3819 " " of wrong. 4643 Humble c. -Bishop Cranmer. 1249 Manly c. of Inability. 2080 Misused-Crimlnals. 5833 Quasl-c. refused-Huss. 1918 Shameful c.-Bribery-Baoon. 1213 Threat of o.-Terrlfying-Ncro. 1347 See RECANTATION. Impossible-Martin Luther. *4G33 Formal r.-Unreal-Gallleo. 6027 Refused-Luther. 1092 " by Hooper. 1233 Repeated 6time.s-Bp. Cranmer. 1849 See REPENTAN('E in loc. CON PENSION A I.. Secrets of tlie ^\ '.iidi.sciosed. ♦1040 CONFKDUNCfi. Compliment or c.-Ca;sar. ♦1041 Erroneous c. -Bonaparte's. ♦1(M3 Excess in c.-Major Andr6. ♦lOlS Perilous c.-Harold II. ♦1044 Power of c.-Queen Margaret. ^1045 Premature c.-A. Lincoln. ^1040 Superstitious c.-Otho the Gr't.^1047 Tested-Alexander's. ^1048 CONFESSION— CONQUEST. Ml-ii'elhiiiedus cross-refcrflnces. Betri.yed-Kmp. Theodoslus. 1878 ! Dangerous over-c.-Ney. 39.')7 Forfelttd-Demosthenes bribed. 078 Misplaced c. -Howard's servant. 878 Over contidctico, Defeated by. 471 Restored-Wllllam and Mary. 5998 Reward of c.-Fre .'"ilck the O. 1847 Success by c.-Ciesar. 5101 Weakened by suspicion. 8,")28 Withheld by Napoleon I. 5003 See CREDrMTY. of Phllosophera-!*bven ♦1281 RellgiouE c.-Prlesturaft. ♦1283 of the Sick-Lord Audley. ♦P.'sa Superstitious c. -Romans. *VMl " -Persians. *1'MJ See HOPE. Happiness In h S. Johnson. ♦20;J1 a Trcasure-Pordlccas. ^2032 Utilized In War-Paul Jones. tl4fi " by avarlce-M. Crassus. Oa? See KIKE in Inc. COP^FIilCT. Bootless c.-Uunker Hill. ♦1060 Land of c.-Kentucky. ♦lOOI Rule of c.-Wni. P. of Orange. ♦1003 Self-sustaining e.-Si)olls. ♦lOO.'i Unnatural c.-Wni. I. the N. ♦1004 Unprepared for c. -Greeks. ♦lOO.'i Delusion of parental h. Enchantint^nt of h. -Goodyear, vs. Experience-Marriage, in the Grave-Indian burial, of Liberty-a Crime. Sorrow In loss of parental h. Strengthened by h- S. Adams. a Treasure-Alexander. " Virtue- Varro despaired not. See HOPES. False h.-" Land 1 Land!" See PRESUMPTION. Foolish p.-Emperor IVtrr.roh. Reward of p. -Indignity. Papal p. resented. Ridiculed by Parthlans. of Suceess-Capt. Lawrence. Successful p. of three men. of Youth-Nasica. " " -Pompey. " " -Louis XIV. See SELF-CONFIDENCE. Coronation of «elf-Napoleon. Sec TRUST. In Providence- Wm. P. of O. -A. Lincoln. See FAITH in loc. 4002 4]'>4 3481 3201 32;u 4005 ]()29 5099 ]W)0 1005 ♦4443 ♦4444 046 1712 2.570 1070 2814 6210 6209 1331 1336 4,558 4559 CONFISCATION. Avaricious c.-Emp. Maximin. '1049 Religious c.-.\. d' Albuquerque. ♦10.50 Cross-reference. of Property of cowards-Rom- 1275 CONFLAGRATION. Defensiv; e. -Columbia, S. C. Dastructive c. -Moscow. " " -Boston. " " -Chicago. " " -London. " "-Moscow. " " -New York. " -Rome, in War-Carthage. ♦1051 ♦1055 *10r)2 ♦10,53 ♦1054 ♦1050 ♦1057 ♦1058 ♦1059 Miscellaneous cross-references. Destructive c. of London. 693 Patriotic c.-B. of Jamestown. 4043 Miscella'jcous ernns-referonctB. Inglorious c.-Conimodus. B883 Sentimental c.-Karth and sea. 970 Sham c. -Battle of Brenneville. 4lil tliu Spiritual vs. Animal-Man. 40!mj Unequal e.-Plzarro Assassins. 1008 " personal c. 4838 CONFIilCTS. CroHH-reference. Mental c. In religious duty-Joan. 417 See CONTEST in toe. CONFUSION. Mlsei-Il:uic'utlcH.6.58 i'esley . 698 y dem. 40 'iath. 373 draft . 8646 U. *1007 ♦10C8 lo.: ts. Cul. •1009 1 • Yque *1070 lure. ♦1071 lans. ♦1073 ♦1073 ico. ♦1074 III. ♦1075 nen. ♦1070 ■ •1077 MlHCollanoniiii cronsrcfi-rcnci'n. by Art-Koman Hlfffo-towers. 836 Career of c.-lMzarro. 641 Completed by coLolllatlon-C. 1081 Consecrated for c. -Youth. 6179 Extensive c. of Tlmour. 809 Genius for o.-Wm. fuU-Eng. is m. 33 by Money vs. Arms. 4885 Numerous o.-Cresar's. 5898 Possible American c.-Prediotion.S12 Robbery-War. £470 Successful 0.-1600 cltlos-rom'y.3'.'H5 by Treachery-Cablaus by Sextus. 43 Visionary c.-De Soto. See <;I{USAUEUS. Nnmenms c.-Slx millions. Origin of c. -Peter the Ilurmtt. Sec CRUSADES. Craze for c.-Saorlflceb. Credulity in o. Lobs of life In e.-Two million. Sec SUBMISSION. Humiliating s.-Hlohard II. of Soul-Peiiitcntlal B. Exacting s.-James II. Humiliating s. -Captive Erap. Prayer of s.-Socratea. SoHl'a B. to God. Sec SUB-JUGATION. Intolarablo s. by Irish troops. Oppressive s. by Mahomet II. Resented by Bishop Mark. Sec SUKRENDEK. to Death-Boges. Demandcd-Gthan Allen. Disgraceful s.-Manohester. Final B.-Clvii War. Impossible s.-The Old Guard. Indignant s.-P. Stuyvesant. Prevented-Charter Oak. 1980 ♦1375 ♦1370 8411 33.-)8 ♦5381 ♦5382 248 2197 45:)7 5383 ♦5378 ♦5379 883 ♦5408 ♦5409 ♦5470 ♦5471 ♦5173 ♦5473 ♦5474 Infamous s.-10,000 Scots to 500 E.306 of Life, Cheerful s. 1430 " " " "-Defeat. 1494 " " Noble 8. 3830 Refusal to s., Determlned-G. 1372 Unconditional s. Ft. Donelson. 1891 See DEFEAT, TRIUMPH, and VICTORY i/i loc. of Peace-Purchase of L. ♦1078 CONSCIENCE. Abdication of c.-I'ope Clem.V.^1079 an Accuser-Murderer's. ^1080 " " -Death-bed confess.^lOSl Authorized-Jesuits' Gunp'der. ♦1083 Awakened-Peter Cartwright. ^1083 " -John Bunyan. ^1084 " -Earthquake. ♦10S6 " -by Mother's pray er.^ 1087 " -Rev. W. Qa9saway.*1088 " Rev. John Wesley. ♦lOSO " ♦John Bunyan. *1085 vs. Conscience-Intolerance. ♦lOQO Conquers conque/ors-Wiii. II. ^1091 Defence of c. -Martin Luther. ♦lOflS Ed-ioation of c.-Rev. Newton. ♦1093 Krratt* c.-James II. *1094 Explained- " " ♦lOQS Guilty o.-Caracalla's. ♦lOOO Honored-King Wm. Rufus. ♦lOW? Imperfoct-A. d'Albuquerque. ♦1098 Indiscreet c -Marcellus. ♦lOOO Intorpreted-Sacrilcge. ♦IIOO Liberty of o.-Roger Williams. ♦I 101 " ' "-Oliver Cromwell. ♦1103 " "-Cromwell'a tlme.^no3 .. "_(jromwell. ♦liai Perverted by Jesuits. ♦IIOS " -Hernando Cortez. 'IICO " -Jacques Clement Phar.tom of c.-Constans II. Power of e.-BeiiJ. Abbott. Qulckened-Reactloii of crime. ♦I 110 -Reign of James II. ♦nil Reminder-King Philip. ♦lllS Sale of c.-Reign of James II. ♦1113 Scruples of c.-Purltans. Terrors of c.-Emp-Theodor^c. Ilneducated-Eng. slave-trade Victory of c.-Sir Thos. More. Warning of c. -Charles I. Worthless c. of James II. Wronged-an Evil Genius. ♦1107 ♦1108 ♦1109 ♦1114 ♦1115 ♦1116 ♦1117 ♦1118 ♦1119 ♦1130 Miscellaneous croHs references. Agitation of untaught c. 8874 Approval of c.-I)eath of Vane. 3334 in Behevolence-John Wesley. 51H 5-19 " " -Mary Fletcher. 519 -LadyH'nt'ngd'n.530 540 -Bishop Coke. Compromlsed-Luther's. Convictions of c.-Pal>'ful. 5.39 1570 40.^8 1180 1181 1478 1330 3840 Deceived c. -Assassins of C. Dishonored -Regretted, by Educatlon-Rellcs-Oath. " -Head of Emperor.3843 Kocentrlo c. of Penii. 2775 Erratic c. -Suicide of Donatlsts. 3506 Force to i^ubdue tender c. 2904 Freedom of c. In Maryland. 1100 Hatred stimulated by c. .3389 Ill-trained o. toward pagans. KBO " '• " -Pizarro. lOiIS Inconsistency of c.-Wm. Penn. 007 License of c.by Gabriel-M'h'm't's.03 Majorities cannot rule. 2431 Misdirected e. -Bloody Mary. 0073 " -Joan-Dress. 1730 Misfortune Interpreted by c. 1100 Mixed-Self iiiusion-Fraud. ]4()8 a Pretext Sunderland. 1186 Quiet c.-George Washington. 5211 Restless c. -Hindoo pilgrimages 2,')38 Satisfaction for c. -Penance. 1662 Stings-Guilty c.-Caracalla. 1096 Troublesome c.-Qiiakers. 8!J02 "-John Knox. 3,'504 Uncompromlsed-.Iohn Bimyan. 2704 Uneducated c -Slave-trade. 5221 Sec AWAKENING. Spiritual a.-Bunyan. 1180 " .^)69 " -Terrible-Bunyan. 5108 '• -Martin Luther. 1178 Splrlluul a.-Terrlfying-Nelson. " -Bunyan. " -A. Clark. " " -Hartley '.'anipbell. "-I1. )). ';ough. " " -Misery In. " " -Melancholy-^Kox. " " by Prayer. " " -Unhapplnesa by. See CASUKSTRY. Difficult c. -American Indian. Question in c (iallleo. " of c. Falsehood. See REMORSE, of Persecutors-Charles IX. Royal r.-Kdward IV. for Forgory-Divlon. Sudden r. for murder- Alex. " "-Ex'n of Joan of Aic Sec Rioirr. of Might-English earls. " -William III. " -Sword, by Precedent-Napoleon I. and Wrong-Boundaries. of MIght-Couqucst. vs. " -Am. Revolution, of Reprisal-Arab robbers. Unquestioned, yet false. See .SCRUPLES. Affected s. of RIcL ird III. Ilyiioeritical s -James II. Sueraratintal- Enemies. Temple robbed-Misfortuue. See WRONd. Neither give nor take w. Suffering w. vs. Doing w. See COXVlirriON, (JUILT, RALITY, PERSE(;UT10N a UEl.KJlONiiiiOC. 796 1180 1191 1181 4103 1179 1193 3564 11.H8 1193 *7.*» B?27 2045 ♦4708 ♦4701 2192 1744 4031 . 4137 ♦4903 *4iMt3 ♦4904 ♦4905 ♦4906 1098 r>«34 4936 5747 8742 ii;j3 3097 1100 3872 4188 no- 11(1 CONSECUATION. for Confllct-Knlghts. ♦1131 without Faith John Wesley. ♦1133 Miacelliiiieous crt)HS-r"fercnoe.s. Ceremony of c.-Knig ..s. for Conquest-(irecian Youth, of Spoils, Pious c.-Aurelian. " " to Rfnevolence. for War- Janizaries. See llEDICATION. Changed-Blblia Polyglotta. True religious d. -Church. to God-Knigl'.ts. " " -John Wesley. Indifferent d. of temple. See DEVOTION. Absolute Mohammedan d. Commendable d. of St. Amb. Entire d of Bp Thomas Coke Ministerial d. of Thomas Lee. Self-saerifioing d.-BBllsarlus. 3088 6179 .viie .V39 5355 ♦1485 ♦1486 1121 1122 C159 ♦1568 ♦l,-)09 .♦1.570 ♦1571 ♦1573 Absolute d. of life. 3843 to Amusement-Angelus. .3896 " Banner-Mohammedan. 2.567 Blind d of Persian assassins. ■ 374 w r, IE I ill :»! f I :::i;il i jl. li: ' J', \ 1:11 ! i ij i 1 iL 796 External d. to the pope. 2676 Filial d.-SeekInK pardon. 30U8 Reward of d. -Garibaldi's. 404£ Secret of d. -Money. 8705 Servant's d. to mistress. 5180 of Solillers-Swodes to Chas.XII.ia39 Soldlor's U8. 2587 S. 4816 4416 49 r. 3719 -Plato. 1314 a. 6773 hodists 4656 ''oltalre. 3 nr. 3246 heuea. 2021 son. 4358 anged. 690 Iteform by r.-1'eter the Great. 1184 of Kellgluu of CatboUoH. 4748 " Sauutlmony Id udvertUeinents.96 TJnespeuted r.-B.'8 dagKer 8oeue.49 8664 2830 678 2902 Victim of r.-Qoldsmlth. Weapon aKaluat Intldellty. Sue SNKKR. Sarcfistlo 8. at iJemosthenes. Suuer for 8. -Colonel Tarloton. CONTENTION. MlHcelliineuus ^roau-rufcrencca Benefit of c.-LycurKUS. Excltinir political c.-En({land. CONTENTMENT. In GardenlnK-Dloclotlan. ♦1148 under Ilardsbips-JohnWesley .♦ 1 149 Inferior o. -Samuel Johnson. *1150 with Povcrty-Dlogenes. ♦IISI Price of c.-Napoleon I. ♦1158 2582 4242 MlacellaiitMjus oruar-rcfereiicea. Possession of 7 acres- Uomaus. 158 Postponed-" What then?" 1071 with Poverty-Abdolonymus. 5635 without Uiches-Phoclou. 4888 See lIAl'l'INESS in loc. CONTEST. Unequal c. -Greeks vs. Rus'ns. ♦IISS Mlacellancoua croasrefercncea. Ignoble c.-War of Roses. 5227 Shameful o. la drinklng-AIex. 8918 Trifles cause c. -Revolution. 506 Unequal -CivHlzation-Barb'rl8m.901 " naval c.-Greeks and P. 6110 " c.-Fred. ll.-Vlctorles. 5808 " "-EnR.-U. S. Coloules. 5984 " " " " " " 5946 See ANTAGONISM. Natural a.-Protestant and C. I. 243 in Personal character-M.Luther.761 -Q. Eli2;. 763 Unnatural a.-Father and Son. 1064 Sec CO.MHAT. Pleasure in c -Koraan shows. ^974 Amusement by brutal c.-Old E. 818 " " " " -Rom. 219 Farcical c.-Welllngton. Trial by c.-Gauls. " " " -Romans. See (JONFLICT. Bootless c.-Bunkor Hill. Land of c.-Kentucky. Rule of c.-Wm. of Orange. Self-sustaining c.-Spolls. Unnatural c.-Wm. I. the N. Unprepared for 0. -Greeks. 1750 3054 5703 ♦1060 ♦1061 ♦1062 ♦1063 ♦10C4 ♦1065 Miscellaneous cross-references. Inglorious c.-Commodus. 5883 Sentimental c. -Earth and sea. 970 Sham o.-Battle of Brenneville. 461 Spiritual vs. Animal-Man. 4690 Unequal o.-Pizarro-Assassins. 1068 " personal c. 4838 See DISSENSION. Religious d. in Reformation. 146 See DUEL. Combat by d.-Alexander. ^1746 Murder hy d.-Alex. Hamilton. ♦1747 Nrtviil d.-Paul Jones, i'roposed by monarchs. Itellgious d. -Wellington's. ♦1748 ♦1749 ♦1750 Challenge to fight a d.un'ao'pt'd.75i Combat by d.-Ueneruls. Trial by combat-ciauls. War ended by d.-Tliebuns. See DC ELS. Inequality in d.-J. Qulncy, Sec FIOUTlNU. in Death-Persians. Desperate f.-Thrto out of 600. ♦2130 and Praying-Admiral Blake. *8i;il 1543 3054 3884 ♦1751 ♦2129 Boys f. at school-I. Newton. li'J Ineffective f. at "Island No.lO." 483 See LITIUATION. Period of l.-15th century. ♦3321 for Principle, not for money. 3139 See STRIKE. Choice in s.-Louls XIV. *5:m Conjugal 8.-Reconclllation. ♦53U1 Family s.-Aboralnable. ♦.')362 Premature s.-Blshop Burnet. ♦SSoa Responsibility for s. -James II. ♦5364 Love of s.-Engllsh ancestors. 5878 Music in s. -Charles XII. 3752 Provoking s. by young knights. 191 Needless s. -Battle of N. ()rlean8.487 Reign of s.-Eiiglish barons. 2450 See CONTROVERSY and WAR I'n too, CONTINGENCIES. Combination of c.-C. of N. O. of Success-Columbus. See CHANCE in loc. CON TK ACT. (Jross-reference. Corrupt c. rejected-Newton. CONTKACT.S. Suspension of c.-.M. Cajlius. See liARUAIIf. Foolish b.-Tiuliaiis. ♦1154 ♦1155 660 ♦1150 ♦457 Aversion to making a b.-J. Watt. 689 Confirmed by iilms. 4300 by Di-stn^ss of owners-M. C. 683 Satisfactory b. -Trinkets. 5771 See TREATY, an Observed t. Wm. P. and I. ^5700 Obscurity desired in t.-Nap 3850 CONTRADICTION. Pronencss to c.-S. Johnson. ♦1157 CONTRAST. Miscellarieoiia crosj-referencea. Affinity by c.-Anne-Churchill. 2228 -Burnet-Halifax. 2231 " " _wm. P. of O. Greatness by c. -Charlemagne. CCNTRIBCTION. Unconscious o.-Slcgc of Aero. CONTRIBUTIONS. Mlacellaneons cniss-referencea. for Education-Peck of corn. 1773 -Yale College. 1783 -Harvard. 1791 of Regard-Caesar's funeral. 2251 See BENEVOLENCE in toe. 2234 2478 ♦1158 CONTROVERSY. .\bu8ive f. -Luther. Afraid of c.-Ueorgi! Fox. Angry o. Samuel .lohnson. Hitteriiess In c.-Lullier. Christian (!. -Luther. Dread of c. -Isaac Niiwton. Personal e.-MUtou vs. Morus. Prevented Maryland. Ridiculous c.-Mlllou. Spirit of c. -Constantinople. 797 ♦1159 ♦1160 ♦1161 ♦1162 ♦1163 ♦1104 ♦1165 ♦1166 ♦1167 ♦1168 Mlacellam-ous cross- references. .\busive-Mllton vs. Salmasius. 23 Advantage to truth. 3931 Drc.Ki of ('.Newton. 3618 Prohibited religious c.-J. II. 4.'J63 Reflection corrects c. 4643 Iteprossed hy Government. 573 on the Scaffold-Religious. 2093 Tnequal-Dryden vs, Stilllngfleet. 7 See AR(aTMENT. I'o.ssible-Steall'ig defendod-J. *298 Reserved a.- Violence- Johnson. ♦299 Useless-James II. to clergy. ^300 Abandoned for resentment, by Abuse -Samuel Johnson. lJeeei)tivo a. -Sophists. Declined by obstinacy-Juror. Possible against art. Powerless with bigots. Readiness in a. -Sophists. Trained in use of a.-Roraans. Useless -Johnson. " with James II. See DEBATE. Personality in d.~S. Johnson. 8610 2!M)4 22H3 3019 3793 8721 5733 18.57 3825 38.'-)3 ♦14.57 D(«orum in d. -Indians. 1483 Defeat in d. concealed. 1490 Suppressed by Cromwell-Parl. 417 See C0XT1';N lioN i)i luc. CONTI'.IIACY. Ci'uss-! etVreiict.'. False charge of c Hp. Cranmer..')flC5 CONVENTS. Refuge in e.-Keiir of vice. *116S Cross-reference. Nun by coercion Matilda. CONVERSATION. Care in c.-Catn. Corrupting c.-Miiiry Stuart, (iifts for c. -Samuel Johnson. Limit of c.-"Bendleather." vs. Talk-Samuel Johnson. 5862 ♦nro *nri ♦1172 ♦1173 ♦117-i Miscellaneous cross-references. Charity in c.-Cato. 1170 in Eating-Spartans. 2182 desired. 3600 Evaded by cougliing. 3719 Inability in c. deplored. 5965 Inaccuracy with words in c. 703 Indecent c. resented-Newton. 1472 Perilous to youth Henry VI. 1620 Privacy of c.-Lacedasmonians. 4471 Reserve in c. characteristic. 4806 Unequal to S. Johnson's c. 2532 li 798 CONVEKSION-COUHUPTION. !' ) ! li I " C'ONVBRSIOtV. Clear o. of John Bunyuii. bumaiided of Peruvliiiig-P. Iiitelleotual c.-ConHtuutliie. I'uculiar 0. of Martin Luilior Uomarkablo o. of H. D. (J()UKh.*n79 ' J. Bunyan. *11(S0 Adam Clark.*1181 Ke.siilts of c. of Constautiuo. ♦UHa auddon c. -Methodists. ♦1188 ♦117S ♦1176 ♦1177 ♦1178 Miscellaneous crosarufurenoes. Anxiety for o. of Indians. 6909 ChanKe by e. -Benjamin Abbott.llOO CliaMKes enemy to friend. 204(1 Conduct olianged by o. 1109 by Cruelty-Spanish priests. 2801 Kvldenced-" Strangely warm. "1128 Ignored in Churoh-mombership. 878 by MarriaKe-l'iteahontas. 4743 Means of c.-.\. Lincoln. 5708 " '■ " Humble-Tract. 565d Necessary to the State. 1807 Proof of c.-lndlan. 351.S Published by newsmonger. 2400 Sudden c. of brigands -Joan. 1559 from Vice-Ministry. 2.351 \Voina.:"8 work ill 0. 0094 COr« VERSIONS. Slow C. of Mahomet. ♦1184 by Sword of CharleraaRne. ♦IISS CO. WERT. Uenegade c.-Lord Sunderland. ♦1166 MlscelhineouN cross-rcfereiicea. Vicious c.-l)ryden a Catholic. .3344 Zealous Moiiammedan c. 1)84 CONVERTS. Miscelluiicous cross-references. by Cruelty-IIuKuenots. 4119 Executed- In(!as by Spaniards. 1175 False 0. by compromise. 3023 Saved by murdcrinR-Irlsh. i;j36 Seeking c. a duty. liifXi Spurious c. -Worldly. 4.5;} Tested by persecution. 4134 Unholy zeal fore. -Baptized or d. 199 See CHRISTIANS anil RELIGION in Inc. CONVICTION. Popular 0. -Joan of Arc. ♦IIS? Prayer for c-George MUlIer. ♦IISS of Sin-John Nelson. ♦1189 of Sln-Distres*ing c.-Bunyan. CONVICTIONS. Maintained-Mass. Colony. Realistic c.-John Biinyan. Strong 0. of John Bunyan. " " -Clear conversion. 5166 ♦1190 ♦1191 ♦1192 ♦1193 Miscellaneous cross-rcforenccs. Honesty in c. -William Penn. Painful c. of conscience. Power of religious c. -Puritans Realistic religious c.-Bunyan. See CONSCIENCE in loc. COOK. Cross-reference. Vexations of Antony's c. 2603 1180 1181 5249 1180 266 CO-OPERATION. Impossible against religion. ^1194 in Manufactures-nth century. ♦1195 Mlseellaneoub cro? 660 3187 2996 3709 5122 1610 4243 4244 4245 4665 4688 4707 787 60!) oclety. 91 n 5908 rs. 747 ary. y- idosliis. ppized.' bs. :Iand. nt. »Pplng. sh Pari. >f office. int. •blller." iome. B8II. bye. r. stlty. 8a57 4075 I'ton. ♦eoo »(?• *061 ff- *coa ?ote. 'ocs ♦00-1 ♦605 ;n(f. ♦666 ♦6€7 3tors*668 *66» ♦670 ♦671 I- *676 Ueproaoh of b.-UemoHthenea. ♦072 Resented-Stephen A. Douglas. ♦673 Royal b.-Charles 11. ♦674 Soemlni; b.-KusMell. ♦675 Blot of b.-Francls Bacon. 1213, 1216 Brand of b.-" Uunklrk nou(ie."5U«3 Competition In b.-lrlsh P'rlla'nt.663 " " -Throe kln(C8. 068 Condemned for b.-Domos'nes. 1477 of Death Beaufort. 1408 DlHKiilHed-Bonus-I. Newton. 660 Failure of b.-Andrfi. 1043 Fear of b. by Mahomet IF. 202 Habitual b. of Verres. 1210 of Jud(?e8-(;atilliie. 2201 " " -I'ubllo-Honians. 1208 Onidlal-Sunderlaud-Seerctary. 2266 of Ofllcials by Uoths. 1209 Proof a^ainiit b.-Porapey. 2606 Unirersal b.-ICnifland. 1212 Unsucoensful-Andrew Marvell. 1207 Wealth by b.-SunUerland. 1215 Sec DEl-UAVITY. by Desnont -Nero. ♦15.32 Evidence of d.-H. Johnson. ♦ISSO Afce of excessive d. -Romans " " d.-Introductlon of C. Destructive d. of Nero. with Intellectual power. Inclination of d.-Eatin*;. Locality of d. concentrated. 124 124 329 1609 4203 1293 1299 IV. 2006 Parental d. confessed-Chas Sue DISHONESTY. General d. -Reign of James 11. ♦lOSD See FKAUD. aiRantlc f.-S. Sea scheme. ^2214 Governmental f.-Charles II. ♦2S:5 Suspicions of f.-Flrst cable. ♦2210 In Trade-" Honest Leather." ^2217 Alarmlnii: f.-Forgery. " Departed spirit." Exposed-Antony's. Fisliermen's f -Antony, liivhif; by f. -Beggars. Religious f.-lmiiges. " " -Weeping virgin. " " -Oi't'cian oracle. " " -Holy Lance. •' -Relics. Cross-reference. Honest o. punished. 1542 2;i'>3 2149 2149 5703 12H2 3020 3946 4t)0~ 4608 " " " 4609 4070 " 4071 4672 4073 4674 4675 4076 Spiritualistic f.-" Knock." ,3555 See VICE in loc. cosmos. Philosophy of the c.-D"scart's.^iai8 COUNSEL. of the Dying-Louis XIV. ♦ISig Inciportune c. -Deputies of N.^1220 Safety in o.-Leaders In battle. ♦1221 See ADVICE. Diadalned-Hraddock's defeat. ♦O? Ignored Clarendon's, by J. II. ^98 Ill-timed a. to Lincoln. ^90 Legacy of a. -by Augustus to R. ♦lOO Sec WAKNINO. of Danger- RIoharil I. ♦SM? Ineffective w.-Cnjsar. ^5948 Accepted, Girl's, by Lincoln. Admonition disregarded. Disregarded by Nero's mother. Disdained, A woman h. Kffeotive w. to otliiials. Felon's w.-Manufuclurers. l)y fnterfcrenoe of novice. Neglected w.-Dlversion-Cajsar Tlmely-Washington-Woman. Unexpected w. -Scripture. Unmoved by w. -Alexander. COUNSELS. ior the m. "-J. Wesley at S. of Despalr-R. Gladiator's r. or Disgrace Fred, tlie (Jreat. Intrepid c. Edward P. of W. Loss of 0. by one man. of Madness- Charles XII. Masterly c. of ('has. XII. -Cool, Moral c. of M Luther-Worms. " " "Itev. S. Johnson. " " -Mlnlsterial-G.O. " " -Execution of W. R. " " of Bert, de Giirdum. Noble c. Execution of R. Opporiunity fore. -Fred. theG. only I'bysical c.-Duki^ of M. Recovered-Hishop Cranmer. Religious c. Eiig. Puritans. Safety in c. -Ottoman Hajaxet. rnfaltering c.-Pelopldas. Un.shaken Lieut. L. -Tripoli. 99 ♦i';?3i ♦1232 ♦12:13 ♦I'JJM ♦12;i5 ♦12;)0 ♦I2.S7 ♦12:i8 *12.!" ♦1210 ♦r.Ml ♦1212 ♦1243 ♦1244 ♦1'2I5 ♦1210 ♦1247 ♦1248 ♦1219 ♦1250 ♦1251 ♦I2.')2 *12,')3 MbccIIutu'ous croas-rtTeriMicoR. Admirable c.-BellJ-nrlus. 4.501 Adversities met with c. by W. 8. 94 In Adversity-Scott a bankrupt. 92 Christian c. -Martyrs. 350:1 " J. Knox. 3504 " " -Thomas Becket. a'fl5 Considerate c. -General Nash. 1008 Consolation in c. -Wounds in f. 6173 of Despair-Persians. 1.543 under Detestation-Cromwell. 1.563 facing Execution-Hale. 1430 -Montrose. 1448 " " -Socrates. 1451 Female c. -Theodora. 0057 with (Jentleuess-BI'k Prince. 1200 Heart Inspires c. Colonna. 2537 Heroic c. -General Wolfe. 14,52 Honored-Woman's c.-Rupert. 6043 by Alex -Female. 0090 Impressive c -Dutch. 4048 Intimidated by siege-towers. 826 Language of c.-Pelopldas. 2113 Manly c. of Spartans. 3401 Martyr's c. -Bishop Latimer. 6147 Moral c. -Cromwell-Parliament. 416 " " of Martin Luther. ,505 " " " President Jackson. 749 " " lacking-Marlborough.4440 " " of John Adams. 3861 " " " J. Q. Adams. 20^0 " " " Martin Luther. 4033 " " " Regulus. 5081 Henry Vane. ;«79 Mutiny met with c.-Ca-sar. 37.56 in Old Age-Bisbop Lati-ner. 1233 Patriotic c.-John Hampden. 4038 *' " -Cont. Congress. 2783 Persevering c. In battle. 2227 Protest of c -Soldier's. 1556 by Religion-Martyrs. 4694 " " -Puritans. 4701 Reputation for c. by conflict. 191 Reward of c. sure Nelson. 4830 Tested-Alexander's. 2148 80U COURT—COURTESY. Time for 0.-" win his »pur»." 1500 Verbal o.-Bold words-Tlmoroua.fil? Kce lloLDNK.Sti. Verbal b.-aoldsralth'a. *( '7 Christian b.-Tclemachus. for KlKbts.-Capt. Wadsworth. " the Truth. -John Howard. Unequalled b.-Cromwell. See BRAVEKY. tn Battle-Persians. " " -Crusaders. Brilliant b.-Paul Jones, in Death.-Col. F. McCuUough. Example of b.-Napoleon. Bxploit of b.-Napoleon. Fearless b.-Wllllam II. "-Colonel Moultrie. Uerolc b.-Uobf-rt Doveroux. " "-Richard CJreuvllle. Pre-eminence by b.-Joan of A. Query of b.-Lacedwmonlans. Hewarded-Paradlse-Moh'dan. Youthful b.-Covenanter. 83S 41)07 57ai 4874 *(m •0»4 ♦(H5 •046 ♦047 ♦048 ♦049 ♦O.'iO ♦051 ♦058 ♦053 ♦0.54 ♦055 ♦056 3829 901 3410 1490 74 1922 Example-" Kings never drown"1390 In Facing denth-Strafford. 1407 Famous for-Klchard the Lion. 8770 Honored-" Little I'orporal." 4508 " -Colonel Mulligan. Impressive b.-Lc Fort. Patriotic b.-Am. Revolution. Qualified for Immortality. Sailor's b.-Farragut-Maln-top Soldier's b.-Lleut. Cushlng-A. " -Blind John of Bohemla.S97 " -Thebans-Sacred band. 465 Stlmulated-no Escape. 1274 Woman's b. -Mont fort. 6042 " " -Purefoy. 6043 See CHAMPION. In Battle- William of Norm'ndy.5905 for Free Institutions- Wm. of 0. 3683 " Knights-God and the ladles.1121 Answer of b.-Tlgranes. of Barbaric warriors. In Battle.-Wm. Prince of O. Decision of b.-Plzarro. in Defending life. Enterprise of b.-Nap's return. Escape by b.-Normans. 816 5091 4059 1416 486 73 of Plety-Ollver Cromwell. Prowess of Bellsarlus. for RellgIon.^ohn Milton. " " -Irreligious c. Representative c.-.\lexander. for the Truth-John Howard. " " Weak-Byron a c. See FEARLESSNESS Astounding f. of Romans. Boyish f. of Benedict Arnold. 8921 4561 4686 4aS7 1740 5721 2242 ♦2121 ♦2122 OfHclal f . of President Jackson. 749 See FORTITUDE. Esteem for f.-Muciua. ♦2204 Puritanic f .-Hugh Peters. ♦2205 Amputation of own arm. 1250 Applauded-Indlan gauntlet. 2667 Contest In f.- Am. Indians. 2074 In Death-Execution Rumbold. 1246 BnoouraKement to f.-Mexlcans. 714 In Flamei-Blshop Cranmer. 12.'i3 Invalids f.-Wm. Prince of O. 1897 Noble f. indeatb-Muley Moluo.2501 In Old Age-Puritan. 1230 by Philosophy- DlonysluH. 4100 tn Tortures-American Indians. 1420 Training In f. -Spartans. 1817 Unexpected f.-Bp. Cranmor. 1249 of Womon-Sootch martyrs. 4142 See HERO. Patriotic h. -William Wallace. ♦2500 Unsurpassed b.-Muley Moluo. ^2501 Admired-Boligarius. 1080 Christian h. -Thomas Lee. 1571 Contempt for cowardice. 1251 Daring of h. -Sergeant Jasper. 2151 Delfied-Claudius Britannlcus. 2700 Described-Charles XII. 1970 Encouraged-Martln Luther. 1879 Terrlfyhig h.-Rlohard the Llon.8770 See HEROES. Dead h.-SoIyman Invoked, for Freedom-L'Ouverture. See HEROISM. Admirable h. -Lafayette. " " -Prince Conde. Patriotic h.-Chevaller Bayard Persistent h. -Mohammedan. In Suffering-Lord Nelson. Tarnlshed-Benedlct Arnold. Unfaltering h.-Jas. Lawrence, ♦2502 ♦2503 ♦2504 ♦2505 ♦2,'J0G ♦2507 ♦2508 ♦2509 ♦2570 Brave h. of Devereux. 651 Grenvllle. 652 Christian h. -Jesuit mlssrnaries.3.')()8 Invalid's h.-Wllllam P. of 0. 2529 Missionary h. -Jesuits. 30.30 " -M. B. Cox. 3043 vs. Nobility-Nelson. 5915 Patriotic h. -Citizen. 4008 " " -Pomponlus. 4009 of Soldier's h.-PhlUp. 5945 Unappreciated by Continental C.170 See MANLINESS. in Abstinence-Alexander. 5095 Admiration of m.-Pompey. 3819 " " " -Louis IX. 3821 " for " -Pomponlus. 4009 by Adversity-Humphry Davy. 80 Christian m.-Guatavus XII. 4174 Destitute of m.-Clcero. 4370 " " -"Dick"Talbot0032 Disparaged by persecutors. 4144 Enc()ura),'era»'iit to m. -Latimer. 12.33 Exhiblted-Ministerlal m. 1243 Ideal m. -Indian fortitude. 1425 Lack of m. -Disgraceful. 1272 " " " -Nero. 1418 Ministerial m.-Ilev. fi. Johnson. 1242 In Poverty-S. Johnson. 43.57 of Prlde-S. Johnson. 4349 by Self-reliance-Black Prince. 1500 Stimulated by ridicule. 4892 Wanting m. -Marlborough. 1248 Youthful m.-Prlnce of Wales. 1237 See PROWESS. Military p. of Belisarlus. ♦4561 See PUGILIST. Amateur p.-Palmerston. 1811 See VALOR. Military v.-Derar the Saracen, ^5704 Mutual v.-Ancient Germans. ^5705 Proof of v.-Tlconderoga. ♦5706 Spur to V. -Reputation. ^5707 Wonderful v.-Constantlne. ♦6708 Badge of v.-Wounds. Banner rescued by v. at Cadiz. 052 Discretion better than v.-C. V. 1037 roiriir. Infamous o. -Trial »( Clodlus. *Vir>i Terrible c.- Star chamber. ♦la.'xi Miscellaneous cross-references Bloody c.-IIung In scarlet. Haste of unjust c. -Jeffreys. Insulted by a woman. Intemperance in c. Sec (;orRTS ifi he. COURTESAN. Influential c.-As|)ai>la-Athen8.^125tt 3008 5175 629.I 2919 Mlscellancoii!) cross-references Reformed c. -Theodora. Tyranny of c.-Mllo the athlete. Sec AIU'LTEUESS. Approved by royal husband. Arts of the a.-Cath. Sedley. Bondage to a.-James II. Distinguished a. -Pompadour. Influential a.-Aspasia. Patriotic a.-Fulvla. Respected a.-Aspasia. by Restralnts-Honorla. Self-confessed a. -Queen of Sp. 5125 Strange charm of a. -Sedley. 2842 Successful a -Antonlna. 48.')8 Victim of a.-Jamcs II. 0085 See PROSTITUTE. Distinguished p.-Theodora. ♦45.'!3 5996 5UC0 4490 5054 5054 3247 125G 0097 0082 34.36 Expensive p. -Charles II. 0083 Honored p.-Empress Theodora. 3191 " " -Gocldess of Reason. 4024 Powerofp.-Polltlcal-Loul8XV.C079 " " "-Pompadour. 0080 Rule of p.-Poppft'a. 4373 Sue PRO.STITUTES. Dress of p. -Luxurious. 401 1 Rule of p.-1'apal chair. * 3980 Wives made p.-(iothlo. 1209 COURTESY. Denied to Speaker.-.!. K. Polk.*12.')7 Forfeited by Rp. of Wineh"st'r. + 12.')8 Marked c. -Peculiarity of Eng. ♦12.-9 to Unfortunates-Black Prince. *!■,'(«) Miscellaneous cross-references. and Cruelty of Black Prince. Devotion to c.-Knlghts. Embarrassing c.-Goldsmlth. Heartles.s-Roman c. Infidels denied c. Insensible to claims of c. Scant c. remembered. See AFFADILITY. Falsehood in a. -Charles II. See POLITENESS. Burdensome p.-Handsbaking. 770 1121 4335 2043 2831 2044 4083 1678 260a i^^^' jggg C0UIITS-C0VET0U8NESH. 801 8178 0171 Cadiz. 051 -I'. V. 1037 *1S5I •a'5.-> 3008 0175 aaio . 4490 5054 5054 r. 3347 1858 0007 0083 3436 ^f Sp. 5125 jy. 2842 4858 0085 i. ♦4533 4011 3n8(! laoo 779 1121 4335 2043 2831 2644 4083 Characterlstlu p. of Mahomet. 801 Deatb-bed p. of Charles II. 3422 with Destitution. 2050 DlsaKreeable p.-Cteaar's. 8400 DlHtlnKuUhed for p.-.^inUlu8. 1002 Ignored by politicians. 3864 Intentional p.-Regentof Chlna,1035 Kind p.-SaUor's. 0021 Mark of p.-Gluttony. 2030 Kule of p.-Johnson. 151)2 Trespasa on p.-Crltlolam. 1312 to Women-Hablues. 6110 t'ODRTS. Inj ustlce of c. PersVtlon of C. ^1201 Packed o.-Rel)?n of James II. *12«2 Scandalous u.-RoIku of C. I. *1203 Mlsci'llunt'DUii cro»8-ref -oncos. Bribery necessary In c.-13th cent.601 Corrupted by mouBy-Commoda8.4;i8 Ineffective thr(JUKh bribery. -E. 600 Purity of o.-Safety by. 4875 Terrifying c.-JetfroyB-Chlldren. 803 Uncertain action of c. 1003 See ACCUSATION. by Deceptlon-Maxlmus Fablus. 701 Malicious a.-Wesloy a vagabond. 703 " -Alexander. 1048 a Pretext-Plundering the Jews. 710 " " for violence-R. III. 242 See ACCUSER. Aooused-Bucoaneer Nutt. 2434 Blemish of a.-James II. 1119 Concealed from accused. 2877 Conscience an a.-Abbott. 1080 See ADVOCATE. Personal, not proxy. *101 Destitute of a.-Henry Vane. Gentrous a.-Aristldes. See ARREST. Undeserved a. of J. Banyan. 3379 3055 *31S Defeated-Chas. I. -Commons. 413 Bscape from a. by emigration. 4660 Sudden a. of all Jews in Eng. 710 See FINE. Nullified by EUot. *2138 Limlted-Magna Charta. 3232 Self-imposed f.-Emp. Julian. 3141 See JUDGE. Dishonorable j.-R. Wright. *3033 Distempered j. -Jeffreys. Infamous j.- Jeffreys. Inhumanity of j. -Jeffreys. Savage j.- Jeffreys. Shameful j.-Applus. See JUDGES. Despised j. -Athenian. Impartial j. -Early Greeks. Justice by j. -Ancient Persians. Partisan j. -Reign of Jas. 11. Reputable j.- Athenian. Abuse of j. -Frederick II. Appointed for verdict. Corrupted by bribery. Obsequious J. -Charles I. See JURIES. Coerced by Jeffreys. 2906 6031 2862 3048 3973 ♦3034 ♦3*35 ♦3030 ♦30.37 ♦3088 3041 1262 1201 1217 1263 ♦3048 Determined J. -Trial of 7 Bps. ♦8040 IraprlHonod for verdict. ♦SOOO Limited "Three days." ♦aosi Perverted by clergy. ♦SOSa Unterrifled J. -Trial of Penn. ♦BOSS Corrupted with money-Eng. slp jurisprudence. Origin of J. -Roman. 600 ♦3047 Monumental work of Julian. 4 Signs ill Roman j. 3986 See LAWYER. Ignorant l.-Publius Cotta. ♦3165 Changed by .sermon. 1089 Criminal 1. -Jeffreys. 1994 Impudent 1. -Useful-Jeffreys. 2888 Odium of client given to 1. 3801 Preparatory to political life. 83 .See LAWYERS. Arts of Roman 1. ♦3100 Hatred of 1. by Germans. ♦3107 Imprisoned for deceit. ♦3168 Patriotic 1. of N. Y., yr. 1705 ♦3160 Special I. -Reign of James II. ♦3170 See LITKIATION. Period of l.-15th century. ♦3321 See PROSECUTION. Malicious p.-Unsuccessful. 3203 See PENALTY. Excessive p. -Death. ♦4101 Partisan p.-Devonshlre. ♦4108 iJeath p. for all-French Rev. 5730 Excessive p.-Debt -England. 4351 See. PERJURY. Punishment of p., Judicial. ♦4112 Punished with death. 6210 Shameful p.-" Dick " Talbot. 6032 See SENTENCE. Suspended fifteen years. 1139 See SUMMONS. Exasperating s.-Black Prince. ♦5431 See CRIME, CRIMINAL E.KECU- TION, JUSTICE iinil LAW in loc. COVENANT. See CONTRACT. Corrupt 0. rejected-I. Newton. 660 Obscurity desired in o.-Nap. .3850 See ENGAUEMENT. Heart broken by broken e. 2534 See PLEDGE. Temperance p.~Pather Math'w^4213 Infamously broken-Proctor. 2817 Sacred p.-Embalnied b. 1462 See PROMISE. Forced p. of Galileo. 5727 See PRO.MISES. Broken p.-Queen Mary's. ♦4.504 Deceptive "p. to heretics. ♦4505 Regard for p.-Romans. ♦4506 Refused by candidate-Jefferson. 704 See VOW. of Gratitude-Lincoln. ♦5860 Sudden v.-Martin Luther. ♦5861 of Gratitude-Lincoln's. -Unjust V. 5860 5866 Manifested-Beard uncut. Religious V. Culunibus. Remembered fifteen years. Wicked v.-Mahomet's father. .Sec VOWS, forced v. -Convent. Religious V. in sickness. " " -Columbus. Unjust V. are null. 400 IHHl 3641 3405 705 ♦5882 ♦.5883 ♦5H05 ♦.5806 Religious V. of Jesuits. 8060 COVKTOUSNESS. Contemptible c. of Hpury III. ♦1201 Punlslied Melted gold down t. ♦12^5 Royalc. Ilonry III. ♦1288 See AVARICE. Acquired habit S. Johnson. ^425 of Clergy-15th centiiiy. ^426 Contempt for a. of Ruflnus. ^427 Corrupted by a. Romans. ^428 CHminiiLLondon tailors. ^420 Deception of a.-IIenry VIL ^430 Demands of a.-IIenry VII. ^431 Glory in a.-Cato the Censor. ^432 Ofliclal a. -John of Cappadocla. ♦4.33 Punished a. of Crassus. *t;u Royal a.-Honry VIII. ♦4.35 " "-Wm. the Conqueror. ♦436 " "-George II. ^437 Ruled by a.-Commodus. ♦438 Shameful a. -Courtiers of J. II. ♦4.39 Supremacy of a.-Confederates.*440 Appeal to a. of James I. " " " successful. Confiscations to a. -Caligula, vs. Contempt-Romans. Craze of a. -Gold-seekers. Crimes of a. suppressed. Degraded by a. -Theodora. Endangers the State-England Enthusiasm of a.-(jiold-8eekers.2.'J89 Forgotten-Rebuilding temple. 803 Heartless a. -Rome-Famine. Incapable of a. -Alexander. Reputation lost by a. -Demos. Royal a.-Maximin. Shameful a. -Courtiers of J. II. of Slavery-Engnsh Prisoners. Victims of a.-GoId-seekers. " " "-OfflciaL War by a.-East India, with Wealth-Pythlus. Woman's a. -Court of James II. ■See EXTORTION. Complete e.-Euuland by L. Cruel e.-Jew's tooth dally. " " -Mass. Colony. Dilemma in e. -Henry VII 1. of Government-Charles I. Misnamed-" Benevolence." Outrageous e.-Romans in B. Royal e.-Rlchard II. Submission to e.-M. Crassus, 4478 3880 13.52 5757 2388 3655 1583 1(115 2079 1073 078 1040 607 5183 2390 8103 6879 4881 8011 ♦2000 ♦2001 *2l)02 ♦2003 ♦2004 ♦2005 ♦2006 ♦2007 ♦2008 of Benevolence-English law. -Henry VIIL " " -James I. Capitalist's e.-Jews. 523 4.30 523 713 i ..L ; m I 1)09 ^^i il M ' rhuroh e. of (lueg-Enfcland. DliKraoefuI e. Joan of Arc. of GIftii for MaxuntluR. t'harles I. by aoverninciit-Kranoe. of Jailers for debt. " Murohantg Itouau. -EiiKland. " Ofr«rtory Duke of (luUe. Permit ted-Courtlnra-Jumea II of PriHonors by Jailers. UullKloti oppomed by e. UeveiiKu of uiaHsus on Ruflnus Uoyul e.-Jamos) I. of Traders-Rngland. Universal e.-EnKllxb JudKes. Unterrlfled by c.-ll. Peter. «ee MI.HKR. ChanKed by prayer. Misery of m. by S. Johnson. Sic I'AU.SI.MONY. Costly p. of Jumos II. 17J(I .STtl 81!» 5068 6U0O Btf7 (107 44111) 11 IK) 427 SOfiO 1817 SSO.I 4380 •400H 4.'597 1704 ♦4016 DejcradInK p. of Federiek II. lieputatlon for p.. False. Sec KAl'AOITY. Royal r. of Henry III. COWARD. Deserted-Klnjjr Perseus. *1207 Professions of the c.-(ielimer. *1208 court It DICK. Appearance of c- Abdullah, of the Cruel-Nero's death. Despised-' 'Gen. Whitef eather' " -" Little klnK." DIsRrace of o.-Danlel Scott. Prevented-R.Oulscard bumv- Punished by Romans-Slavery, " retribution of h. Reproved-Marius-Faoe backs. Shameful c.-Am. Gen. Hull-D. Unpardonable c.-Anclent Ger. ♦1869 ♦1870 ♦1871 ♦1878 •1873 ♦1874 ♦127,') ♦1870 1277 ♦1878 ♦1879 MIscellatiFous croasrcferencca. Blemish of c. -Demosthenes. 8959 Contaf^ious c. -Roman army. 8112 In Death-Nero. 1418 Desplsed-IIouston's mother. 8785 Devlceofo.-Behind camels. 1851 HInted-Colonel Tarleton. 8908 Moral c. of MarlborouKb. 4440 " " OTercome-Cranmer. 1849 Prevented-Fred. the Great. 1347 by Oaesar. 5101 Proof of c.-Self-mutilatlon. 5240 Punished by death-Romans. 1440 " -Beards half shaven. 1280 " with Insults. 1880 " " " eii» Rebuked-Go to the rear. 1045 Reproved bv insults of women. 6188 Resented-Amompharetus. 1.550 Ridlculed-Battle of Spurs. 4839 Ridicule conquers c. 4893 Royal c.-Honorlus-Fllght. 1807 Scomed-Indian gauntlet. 8667 Severity fore, Brother's. 1873 Htinjf of c.-James II. 2905 in Suicide-American Indians. 5422 COWAUD-CItKEDS. of Superstition -Mexicans. 5440 HurprlslnK c.Iloracllan. 8168 COWARDS. Punlshod-lnfaniouM to marry. 'ISSO Hisii EKKKMINAC'Y. Royal e. of Elatcabalut. ♦1889 A(je of e.-Kn(tligh. 3784 Charged fulsely-Jealousy. 2900 Honored for e.-BuokluKham. 3871 In Claudius. 8S70 Mc" INTIMMiATION. Suuceasful i. of Indians by S. ♦8961 K77 780 144 3891 410 175 Attempted 1. of clergy-J. II. Cry for I.-" liabel yell." Rleotloii by 1. of Charhm XII by Kxumple of Cn)8ar-Au({. of (iovMrnnient by Cromwell by ImaKlnary anirels. MessaKe of l.-Attlla to Romans. 381 by Punishment-Rebels. 4030 Reaction of l.-James II. 316 Remembrance of 1. -Turks. 3V70 of Ruler-Tory (!ov. of N. Y. 4077 Success by i.-Capt.Wad8worth.3950 " " "-Oen. Jackson. 3773 by Vlolenoe-Blsniarck. 3359 Soc'ri.MIDITY. In Oovernment-Constantine. ♦,'5081 in Business-James Watt. Childish t.-Perseoutcd Cowper, Embarrassed by t.-M'Kendree. Excuse of t -Blackmail. Indecision of t.-C'onspirators. in Literature-Cow per. Loss by t.-Justlnlal. Overcome by t. at first. " " earnestness. Rebuked by example. Reproved-Demosthenes. Tyrant's t.-Dlonysius. .'^cc PEAK in loc. CRAZE. Croas-reference. for Qold-Emljcrants. See INFATUATION in Inc. CREATION. Cross-reference. Theory of c.-West Indians. CREDITOR. CrosB-referencc. Merciless c. exposed. CREDITORS. .Mlscellaneima crosa-references. Oppression of c. -Infanticide. Restrained by law-LucuUus. See BANKRUPTCY. Prodicted-National-British. 089 . 797 3083 8008 8778 130? 1838 8084 2894 1843 8081 4411 8388 2709 1855 3410 5759 ♦451 Courage in b.-Sir Walter Scott. 93 See DEBT. Imprisonment for d. In Eng. ^1459 Secu.- ,y for d.-SIr W. .Scott. ♦HOO by War of American Rev. ♦1461 Imprlicmmont for d. -England. 4180 4390 " " " " 8185 Increase of d. by extortion of J. 718 Overwhelmed by d. Sir W. Scott. »1 Uolleved by marriaRe-Clcero. .1-1(14 Hyron. ;Mfl5 Son pawned for d. 4364 See UEUTS. DlBcoura);ed-LuWB of Amasls Dishonest d. -Precedence of. Provented-Solon's law. Puidshment for d. Insolvent. Scaled-Virginia Colony. Small d. -Samuel Johnson. ♦14(18 ♦I4(« ♦1464 ♦1465 ♦i4fl«; ♦1407 Due in future life, of Ilonor-Oanibler's. Require eoonomy-Penn, Suspension of all. Trivial d. unpaid-Johnson. .See LOAN. Uopoiessl. to S. Johnson. Refused by professed friend, of Wife to friends-Spartans. CRBDVLirV. of Phllo8opheri*-Stran(je-S. Religious c. -Priestcraft, of the Slek-16th century. Superstitious c.-Romans. 8S5K 8614 1707 1 1511 3384 ♦8884 6137 ♦1881 *1888 ♦1883 ♦1884 -Persian Maffi.^ 1885 Arrested for d -Charles IV. 4853 Cancelled by murder-Jews. 4178 Division by-American States. 1987 MlacullanrouH croBS-references. Excess of o.-Mohammedans. of Fanatics-Crusaders. Uold-seekers o. -Signs-Spiders, of Hatred-Origin of Huns. " Superstltion-Mjstery. -Am. Indians. " " -First Crusade. -N. E. Colonies. " Timidity-Negro plot, brings Unbelief-Miracles. Victim of c. -Cotton Mather. Sec PRESUMPTION in loc. CREEDS. Miscellaneous croas-referencei. Destroyed c. bring union. Valued according to effects. See DOCTRINE. Zeal for d.-Wm. P. of Orange. See DOCTRINES. Confusion In d. -Union of all. Erratic d. or Milton. Mixed d. -Gnostics-Christians. Perverted-Early Christians. vs. Preferments-Armlnians. Tested by fire- Sectaries. See HERESY. Pined for h.-Donatlsts by Cath.^2553 Hunting h.-Roger Williams. ♦2.'>.54 Madness at h.-Phillp I' ♦2.5.\5 Suppression of h. by l&w. ♦2556 6H.'-)(> 5141 1588 5447 5448 5451 54,')3 4814 ;mi\ 1567 8089 4731 4404 1937 3988 1937 19.38 430S 2087 Champions against h.-Jesuita. 8960 Far-fetched h.-Joan of Arc. 1?8(> vs. Malignancy-Parental. 3389 Punished for h -William Penn. 8975 Reading the Bible a h.-R.Huime.57t I mam ("UEMATION-CKIMKS. Kland. 4980 ** 4i«)0 It ai85 on of J. 7ia W. Hoott.fll (!or<). .'Min yroi . :»(a 4,'ia4 nasls. *I4(W )0f. ♦U(W •MM ent. *U(W\ ♦HfWl a. ♦M«7 •JSRH ■MU iriit unii n. as'.M ♦aaaj nd. a-AM ns. fiisr ■ 1. *iiHl *ia« *]»") *1:l'S4 fagi ♦1»(5 ;ncoB , 18. *!*> BH.'-H* era. r.i4i 1888 5447 ns. 5448 ide. 5451 aies. 5453 4214 :i6)i(\ r. 1567 th.*2553 ♦8.%4 *255« Botentlflo b. of GhIIIho. 5787 Toleration of h.-Ur offluu. anoo Intense o.-" niue and Oreon.' U70 Hcc .SK(;TAK1AN. The wind a' poplMh" h. •5000 8e« HKCTAItlANiaM. In Deatb-Mury Quuun of Hoots .♦5007 Narrow s. of Scois. ♦60(« Military n. of James II. 3ia 817 6«» Zeal of James II. See SECTS. Averalon ainontc s. ♦5000 Differences In s Turk-Porslau ♦6070 " " " maKuifled. ♦5071 AlleKory of rellnlous H.,Dryden'8.a31 See TUEOI.OOY. DIffloultlesIn t.-Inllnlte delty.^.^593 Bfleutn of t. -Cromwell. ♦5509 Pbllosopber's t.-Anaxagoras. ♦SOOO "-Plato. *mn "-stoics. ♦6008 RIdloalous t.-K(fyptlan. ♦5003 Character moulded by t.-C's. 773 Imagination lu t. -Gnostics. 5100 Maintained by law. 4780 Subtleties In t. vs. Person of C. 886 Bee APOSTASY, KAITII and PERSECUTION in loc. CREMATION. MtscvUaiieouii cruan-rufL-rencua. Kindness In c.-Pompey. 8853 Opposed-Bodies preserved. 88.58 Popular c. of Caisar's body. 8851 CRiniE. Epidemic of o.-Eng., a.d. 1C98.^1886 Evidence of c.-Clroumstantlal.^l887 Expiation of c.-Burnlng of R. *ia88 of ImaglnlnK-Duke of B. ♦1889 Memorial of c.-" Labrador." ♦1890 Organization for c.-E.a.d.1752.^1201 Reaction of c. -Rosamond. *lW'i Taught-Kng-" Devil's Acre." ♦laos Miscellaneous croBa-roferenceB. Absence of c.-Plymouth Col'y. 6834 Avarice causes c. 3C55 Blundering c.-Executlon of C.I.0818 Career of c.-Fulk the Black. 106 Colonies represent crimes of E.3403 Confession extorted by torture.8878 Encouraged by papal absolution. 11 Excuse for c.-Jullan's. 8549 Expiated by penance. 8800 4105 Forced to c.-Rosamond. 67 Grades In o. overlooked.-Solon.3159 Hope for liberty a o. 3834 Indulgence In c, Price of. 2800 Information of o. bravely given. 1248 Integrity punished as a o. 3069 by Intemperance-England. 8980 IntoxUuitlon no eiuuiu for o. iitMIS Liiailsto 0. -Adultery to murder. 07 Light prevents c. -London. 3808 Monstrous c. -Library burnt. 3840 Natural reeompunsn of o. 80^8 Poverty punUhed as a o. 4336 Pruadliltiit a (..-.Sriitlaiid. 4398 Prevent ion vs. PiinUhment. 6818 Pnifunlty punishud-PurltuMH. 4481 Protection In u. by corruption. 438 IU). Alliuiiliiiiii. *y Hiitnuul Atlatni. *tltii KeprouL'b of b. Dtsmomln'iinii. *I17)| K«ii«ntu. liuMoll. *fl7A liliit of I) KriiiutiM Diicoii. ViVl, Kraiid i>r l>. "Dunkirk IIdunu." Competition In b. -IrUli 1*. " " " Threo kluKi. Conilomntid for b.-I)einoM'n«a. of Doatli-HuHUfort. DlHKiilHud ii!i lioMiiR-I. Nawton Kallurti of b. Aiulru. Knar of I), by Mabomet II. Iliiblliittl b. of Verros. of <)U(I|{UH by Catllinu. ' riihllu-Koman*. Ofllolal Siiiiderland-Heoretary. of onicliilM by (iolliN. Proof airiiliiKt II. Tompey. UnlvurNul b. KiikIuhiI. UnHUcouHMf 111 .Andrew Marvoll. Wealth by b.-Hiinderland. .Sec lU'CCANKKIl. Kxcused Sir Franiils Drake. Hio CAM'.MNY. InstlKaled-.MuxIniUM l''alilug. Opposition by u.-C'bas. ^Ve8loy. lUlO (MM H77 am •iOi Vi\0 van anw StKHl VJVi Murr i9in 0()8 ♦701 ♦708 Hid for 0. -Scotch Inmiri^ont!*. HM7 Punished-Injurlea In kind. 3i00 Shamoful c. of phyHiclan. 1048 Victims of c.-KnlifhtH Templarg.l93» Sec ('DN.SI'lUAf'Y. Alarnilni; (;.-I{i'l({n of \Vm. I. ♦li;w Infainousc. Ho.vall.st8, A.D.177fl^lI30 I'olltlciUc.-UeiKnof Chas. II. ♦1187 Uupopniar c.-CatUlno's. ♦Ii;i8 Unprovon c.-SIr W. Ualolgh. ♦ll!)!) of VIoe-Catlllne'g. ♦IHO of Ambltlon-Trlumvlrl. " AssasBlns-Iiritlsh Cabinet. " " -Irish CatholloB. " " -Crosar's. " -Lincoln's. " " -Napoleon-Thirty Danuerons o. against C'lumbus.STriS Defeated by a woman-Fulvla. fi097 Doteoted-CatlUne's. of Discontent-G. Wash injf ton Disclosure of c. refused. -Japan. Escape from c. by fliKht-M. Failure of c. -Mallet. Self-deception In c.-Ca'sar's. Successful c.-Pelopldas. "-Sicilian Vespers Suspicion of a c., Needless. Warning of c, Ineffective. See CONSPIRATORS. Ingrate o.-Cjpsar's. See DEFAMATION. Punlshed-Tltus Oates. See DUEL. Combat by d. -Alexander Murder by d.-Alex. HamUton.^1747 Naval d.-Paul Jones. ♦1748 Proposed by monarchs. ♦1749 loa Hm 3(17 371 87.1 GO!) 15M a308 32,14 3040 1023 2105 1477 4477 1340 Ifi.'i 5948 ♦1141 1487 ♦1746 lUillfftoiud.-WelttnKtun'i. ♦1750 riukllunKato llKht ud unaco'pt'd.HUt Comlmtbyd. (niii't.ilii. IM.') Trial by combat Uuuls. .'Xini War ended by d Thebans. HHHI Sfc DCKI-.S. Inequality In d. J. (|ulney. *1761 See KDIKIKKY. Confe«sod-D««'d. ♦UIW t^onvenlont f. KtnpororC. ♦silli;) DelURlvof.-Wm. P of orange. ♦liliM Perilous f.-Fronoh ofBeor. ♦tfllts IlandN out off for lO^ypt. ;)1llton from l.-PerNlans. ♦Sixxi Kemembranoii of I. -Cyrus. ♦2901 Stinging I Colonel Tarleton. ♦21K)8 t'nconsoious I. -James II. ♦8903 Abusive l.-Ambassadorg. 4444 Addi'il to Injury 'Inrbarlans. 2.50 of Arriiganco-Attila-Roniana. 3'.'l .122 Fancied I. -Xerxes. 820 Ilunilllatlon for I. -Pope. 219 Oversensitive to i. -Tyrant. 2.527 Resented by nismarck. 8;).59 Stinging I. Woman's. 8189 I'nresented Fear- Alexius. 7.57 See INSPLTS. Argument by 1. Johnson. ♦3!)(i* with Misfortunes James II. ♦390.5 Authorized for cowards. 1280 ('ruolty provok(Ml by l.-Ind's. 2074 Public 1. -Cromwell to Parllam't.410 Reparation for I., Cheap. 2868 Women's 1. to cowards. 6128 ,Seo KIDNAI'PINO. by Government of England. ^3076 Common crlme-Eng. Coloides. 2403 Hee I.IIIKL. Trials for l.-Wllllam Uono. ♦3203 Anonymous 1. -Milton. False accusation of 1. Indifferent to 1. -Frederick II. Press proseeulf d for 1. Sec MATRICIDE. Infamous m. by Nero. (I »t II it Sec MURDER. Atrocious m.-Parmenlo. of Innoceuts-Rlchard III. 1105 3(M9 5299 4430 4488 3743 1110 ♦3741 ♦3742 Miscellaneous crosarcfcreiiccs. Atonement for m. -Money. 3273 Diabolical ra. of A. Lincoln. 373 Duellist's m.-A. Hamilton. 1747 Excusable-Persecution. 4122 Government provide funeral-E 3160 Indignation at m. of Becket. 3,505 Intentional m.-Frederlck Wm, ai89 Justifiable m. by Capt. J. Smith. 80 Legal m. -Execution of J. of Arc. 1726 Licensed by legislation. 3273 Mania for m.-Klng Cambyses. 2881 " " -Scott's nurae. 2883 i^—liliBilMSBMI— ' mmK ( UIMKS. xrihl nm «lri. .'Uiaii :«m ai»47 itniM 11. 1)013 Ml v. •11111(111. 'aTTa I'N. !Mft4 IIIK. 'nitiiont. iWIO r. bd. •2HIMI •V!MI»7 •8HUH ntt. *mm illllH. •S(X)(> niN. •yimi rUiton. 'win I. •aixi8 •«. 4M rlatif XA) Diiiang. .T.'i It .'t« son ). 810 unt. 2r.s.7 a'ir,o 31H9 ua. Tr)7 H. >n. ♦89(M II. ♦3005 M. 12N0 Ind's . 2074 •urllam't.4I0 p. yHflS 6128 <(l. und. ♦3070 )loiile8. 3403 DO. ♦3203 1105 3(Wi) ok II. 52!)!) 4430 4438 c. 3743 IIIO ♦3741 . ♦3742 ri'iiccs ?. 3273 >ln. 373 n. 1747 4122 jral-E aiftJ ket. arm Win. a389 Smith. 80 f Arc. 1726 3278 yses. 2881 e. 8889 Murder for m. KoMmoiid IWl I'aMlonutu III liiKiiiiity-.Kmip. W£t KoMitlou aKulimt iii l'»»ur'M. J'llH liornoriio for imMHioimte ni. («)2l KeTitiiKtid by duucl>t«r. OOM Knwiird fur iii. Nuoklauo. 13-13 Sliook.'d by l.liiodtn'i ni.-Ho'ly.3H10 Slow III. of T. Overtiiiry. 4220 Venxuiiiiua for in Mary Stuart. &7H4 Hw MI'IU'KKKU. ruiiiful hoitpKitllty to a m. Uxinorm) of iii. Aluxuiider S«lf-ospoMud III. Abbott. HmltlKii of (lotl iliidwbi. Wbolesuiu 111. Ciiracallii. Hun MIIUI)KIIK.>4S. Murd«red-AKil|)|)lna. sm .Mil I'lLATION. of AirrldulturlHtH by Tliendorlo •mr> 1744 lOHO 24U0 lOUO ♦3743 104 by (.'owHrds-Kmiiaim. B240 FuuIbI'- iiit by in. Hooti. 6701 Uevo .^o by m. ('oventry. 48.'i7 H*i loll. 5318 SuldlerH 8U|i|iorted by Htiito. 5!i^l3 Sue .Mi; TINY. Couraico aKaliiti in. t'lunar. •3750 Cruul m. -Henry tludHoii. ♦3757 by l)i!ia|)|).n. 1003 Kalloni' in. -Columbus'. 1010 Unparalleled m.-8uottiHh s'ld'rH.300 Seu NUISANCK. Perpetuatod n. In Loudon tilth. *3824 Sec I'AKKKHliK. Crime of p. " Impossible." ^4000 Punishmuut of p. ^4007 Youthful p.-Boy(t 10 years old, iaU5 S>« I'KctlLATION. OIHclal p. Small pay. 069 .See I'EKJUHT. Punishment of p.-J udlclal. •1113 Kiel'U4'ii Escape by s. Deniontlienes. ♦.M'Jn (llorltleatloii of s. stole*. '.M-.>U Mania for ». William Cowpor. ♦.M27 PhUiMophii: H. Marcus. ♦M^H UemoriH>rul«.-Mrs. Shelley. •5IJtl Attempted by Cowpcr. 8001, ',288:1 at Command of ruler. .'181:1 by " forty Wlven 14li> of the Defeate5 Iiil'aniy of t. Name changed. 3704 for Rcvenge-Coriolanus. 0101 See TREACHERY. Base t. -Philip VI. *.500O Consummate t. Charles II. •.501)1 Cold for t.-Benedlet Arnold. ♦.50112 Message of t.-Emp Alexander.^,')093 Conquest by t.-Scxtus over G. 48 In Court Criminal. 5833 Diplomatic I. Eiiglish. 17,52 Dlsgulsed-Cu'sai 's assassins. 1478 -Friendship. 8213 of Frieiid-Hrutus vs. Cicaar, 88.58 " -Francis Bacon. '28.57 Frlondship's t.-DIck Talbot. 3208 Infamous t.-.\m. Revolution. 1130 " " Pau.-tanlas. 8724 Ingrate's t.-Iiuiton. '28.W Massac ro by t. 3,")20 National t. -England to Fram^e. 080 onice by t.-EteocU>s. 3884 Odicial t. to ( olumbus. ,3900 Proof against t.-Bcllsailus. 2128 -Patriot. 40ti8 Proposal of t. rebuked. 4075 Proverbial -" Word of a king." 8041 Shameful t.-Agathocles. 1.538 Twarted by exposure. 3518 Umpire's t.-Edward I. 5746 See TREA.SON. Cry of t.-Patrlok Henry. ♦,5094 Dedned-England. ♦,50!»5 Incipient t.-War of 181'2. ♦,50'.)6 Punishment of t. Romans. ♦5097 I Hot; Ritirlbuilou at t. |{. I'araculltt. nu,-| Uoyul <■ -Noro. llMlft I'liiirniNlitd throiiKli f'Mir ('. ^M(W W'Briiliijr of (!.-M(« Ilonorud lllKhlaiid«r> pny r. *].'MI0 riotootloiifromo.-l'olloe, 17H0.*1301 Uiilo of c. over o. Brld«well p.'lSOa Mlaccltancfliin croM rcfiri'nocd. Cruelty to c.~Kii({liiiid. KmlKraiit c. Now France. Ki«'Bpo of II. by exll«. Fictitious c.-ClirlHtliins. by Her«dUy-('iV8ar'ii fiimlly. Indulfct^nuo to o., Stain of. t.enlenoy to o.-Hums. I'lirtlHllty to 0. Informern-J. Power over c.-.I«hn Howard. Miiiiotuary refu^r*' for c. state ondanKcred by c. Torture of c Franco. Sec I'UISON ami rillHONERin CRIPPLE. C'ruftH-rffereiice. UlstlnKulshed o. Tlmour. See IjAMENE.SS. Fever brlPRs 1. to W. Scott. Wounds brlnf? I.-Tlniour. CHI8IN. Kqual to the c. -Cromwell. 1.^30 IN, I •JCM) -1140 aoTS 4K'il i.wa 010 511 •1650 53'J-J 5048 loo. 615 8888 0171 •1808 Cros8 rcferenco. Hesolutlon at the c.-Devereux. 661 See KMEIUIENCY. Deliverance In e.-\Vni. I", of 0.*1868 See KXTUEMITY. I)es|>erate e. HI>>ko of Home. *2015 Miserable e.-Iirltona-Uomans. ♦8016 CRITIC. at Church-Lord Geo. Sackvllle. •1304 Mls<'ell:i!i(">im croaa-refereiicea. Honest o.-Phlloxenuo. 4817 Inconsiderate c.-J. Adams. 2342 Negative c.-Carlyle. 4664 Rebuked by tlmc-Johnson. 8388 <'Ul.MINAI.-('Hl'Kr-TY. >*I lulty Hniibn Tliiii'k«*rny. :)M4 rnlnrorttii'd r of lultiiirii auill < RITK INin. ArouNfd by iv Lord U) run. *1.1*)0 Olructfd Alulbludtid. •lauo Snared William Cowiier. •1307 Oood <' Haiiiuiil .lolinaon. •laoH iKt'onul by Abruliiim Lincoln. •I.'IDU Mania fore. SMobblntn T. •IHIU ()|i|ioNlil(in by (V riilmtimlnn. •Kill RoQueslii for c H. JohnHon *l'll'.i Hllunced by tyranny l)|oDyNli.i^i:ii;i UndlNiurbod by iv I'luto. *iai4 Mlm'itlliuii'niiH crnurrr^ri'Dcw. nitlxrncHHof pollllciil c 4S.'IA Compllmont of c. .lnlinHim. .1t).'l7 ('orrttdtfd by tlicmiiHHCH r. I". Itw Rxpcctcd by autliorM •loliniion. tiMl VH. Fiini" In tbi> future. m'.(l Iiuiii'rllltMl by Muiall c Lincoln. OU Munlafiirc. Tliiiclnrity. StAl ModcHly III c. Socrutt M. .'Ifi&'l PoHt mortem c. KKypt'ii""' '•"-'''S I'raHo corri'ctcd by c. I'oHt-m 88.V1 I referred to liKlllTi'n'iice A. 1<'5 licHUlited by ('iiinmoililN. l.'iOl Itules liiiipplbwible to Sh'k'Np're :I800 HiivaKC<', ■I' .lobiiNon. 3503 Stimulated by Niippressloii. 8.151 StlnxliiK e. of Voltaire F.'h p'try.KKl riiafftM'ted by c. Clcpro. 1085 <:HOAKIN(iI. of DeKciioracy Kiiu. i'lirltan^. •1315 llablt of c. about the weathur.^l3i0 .«.■.> (IIU MIll.lNd. over Failures of Ad. Nelson. 'aiOO C;UOMN. Kmblems of the ( hrlsllan o. •1317 Protection of thuc. Uomun L.'I.'IIH Ke(!ov«rod-IIoly relic from P. •l.'ilO Victory bythoo. Con8tantlne.^l380 MUeelUneouB i rererenci' (Charmed 0.-" Aifnus Del." Fraudulent c.-Uellcs. Peace by tho blood of the c. Precious relics of the c. Rello of tho o.-Nalls-Spear. Ulval c.-" Indiilxence Cidsb." Saved by tho c. AVhItellcld. True c. captured by Persians. Victory by sl({n of c.-Con. CHOWIV. ('< mposlte c. of Napoleon L Declined by Cromwell. " " Cirsar. of Ilrmor-Roraan civic c. " Merit-Roman poet. Self-imposed o. by Napoleon. Theft of c. of Kntf. by Col. B. Transferred-Romans. Troublesome c. of D.-Envy. 7H3 4(173 1175 4073 1047 887 4770 884 1781 •1381 •1388 •1388 •1384 •1385 •1386 •1387 •1388 ♦1381) Miiicellaneniiti croBS-refcrenceit. Carelessness endangers c.-F. V.4801 Corruptible -Incorruptible. 4693 Declined by Amurath II. 3869 " Bellsarlus. 2188 Deslred-Vanlty-Peril. 3963 ItlNhonoreil e. - Kicked off. for Labor AlMlolonymoui. Prncloii* c. Holy o. of thiimi. Sorrowful hourt, Coven. Tariildhrd by crime, of Thorui Hacred ruUu. Unworn c. (lodfrey. CROWN*. Iron and tfold cliarleN IV i'rnu-Tftifrrnen. Multl|>llnila. " " rarymillN. Illooily" Mary. of (loTeriiment l<'li>y0 MM I'/ro 111)07 .MNI •1(117 oiuu IXMH flOT3 ■I.VW 1847 »)7a a7U3 41tiO (ll7.^ im 41M17 m-M H7H0 I. 41^^ 41;;;) a.vi7 391.1 a.so aii7a 1017 4^1:1 6713 " "t0.ljWH, It. " HaVH^'fl Clltll " 0. Kiiffland. Pleamire obtuinril by v. i'unUhmont by c. to (luHbiilill. Keaotlon of it. KnKllnli. " " (iuliOH. " " " .lelTroys. " " " -(N>roino(lii8. Record of o.-IOmp. AiiRUHtus'se.aao In liellKloiia perMeoutloii. tlVU RullKiouM c.-C'rusaders. 4705 Kemembranite of c. -Jeffreys. H7(17 Ueputatinn fore. -Nero's father. 15.'Ki of Kesentmfnt-Alcxacder. 4708 " Sailors' uiutliiy-IIudsoii. 3757 Sanctlfled by rellKlon-Tiirks. 1 Shameful c. of Spaniards. ^Mil Tyratinleal c. to afted. 57.SI Wanton c. of Cainbyses. S8H1 In War-Alexander at Tyre. 4708 of War-Scotland. 681)3 " " -TImour. B894 " " -Turks. 5805 to Women Jeffreys. S8«a " Woman's revenKe-ParyBatl8.4855 S..-e AIUISK. Absence of a -SavaRe's. "H Personal a. of Milton. *23 Slanderous a.-Napoleon I. *'H Success by a.-Polltlcal. ♦SS Yt. Argnments-Johiison. of the Blind-Milton. " Countrymen-London. Exposure of u. -Appltis. 2S04 33 1831 1865 of (iond prInotplM. lliil Urowthiifu. Htar I liamlxtr. |\ina Judicial a. Jeffmyi. IHiii Polttlral a. for effuct. 4in.'l Itflformatloii of a llop«leM. litM Sal f applied In preauhUiK. i'HH TS. I'M-Muney. 6750 Xvu AdONY. CruolQxlim-" llltthMSt Illus." *I4H Delltdit In Klaillalor'n it. Wi lMillffnr«tiiii» lo a. Inliiimaii. 13tl!i riiiaxiii'H III a. of dyltiR. i:UIH Mnntiilik Jo*«tphlii«N divorce, moo Mocked .Martyrs. ia'^8 H.« llUI TAMTY. of Persecutors to Hnv It. Hill. *n70 .^lUculliiiH-niiM crniM rrri-mu'i-H. .Kstbetlcal It. of Koiiians. UU, 103 lu AmiisenieutM In old Kiiirland. '.^18 " " of UoiiuillN. UIO " " -Nornmiis. j.l'W U. (Jladlators. aoi " " U. circus. ait of Ancestors overlooked. i:i3l liarbarlc b. Amerlciiii Indians. HTiiiih Mitrbarous b. of Kulk the Itluck. lOll of Chivalry ICilward I. h|5 (.'otnmon b. old KiiKlanil, Umm) In Court Icffrcys »(HM to Crimlniils Mhocklnif. 'iHA Dletnf Mesh Attlla. ai7t Kxecutloner's b. Monmouth. 1070 Kxeciitlon of rubelH. lOMO by Kaniino Atheuluns. 'JOVH IiidlRniitlon at b. I'upuliir. .'lOiH Lawless li. of Cambyses. '^'881 to Martyrs Nero. Jl.MiO Piirental b. t-'rvd. William (. :I.'I80 " " '• " .'.711 I'rofeHSlnnal b..)e (Treys. looi VeiiKuance In b. "Hoses." .'>70l In War MaKilebiirR. r.881 " " -Indiscriminate. .'>88.'i 8eo K.\TKKMINATlt)N. War of e. liucen Anne's. 'lOUO by Persecutlon-AlltlKenses. 41*^3 of Soldiers Nervll-MaubeuKe. '.'ISO Hco (il.ADlATDKS. Courajfe of ilespiilr. 1235 IiiMtructlou of K- In brutallty-U. loa Iiitriiductlon of k. to Home. 071 Suppression of exhlb. of r.-M. 8.'i5 8i« IMU'MANITV. Comraerclal l.-Oid slaves, of Man to man.-KnRlaml. " -Spain. Professional l.-Joffreys. HeveDRe for I. -Pestilence Kl»7 4107 I MIU «nfl7 *a850 ♦IWOH to Prlsoiten I.niidon rile Kleut." Knirlaiid. UallKlous I of I i-serutors. . . of Hiiperstltlon Lepers biirnnil t4IN -Sylla. Mftil In War Itomans. Mil 'J 8,11 MAHSACKK KvldeniMt in ofcnisailers. •35l.'l ifeneiiil in In war. ♦.'1511 Inimi'ime in 70,oo«) Itomans. '.'Wm by Mob In ParlH. ♦.iftin of I'lilrliiU llostoii. •,XM7 Prevented Jatiieslown, Va. *'.Vt\H Punished by in War. *;)5IU by 'rreiiehery 'I'linNiialonlca. •.'l.'iyo Wholesale in .'too ikni |i«ople. 'xm Ilrutal m.-Caniealla. I.t'li of < 'iiptlves by h'ninks. 1334 " ChrlitlikiiH 00,(HXI. 3'J4 Depopiiliited by in KiiRilad. I.'WI? Drink rmiiieH in. liiillaiis. iiOlU Iiiiiiieiiso III. 'I'liiioiir. RHOt "byca'sar. 5I8| Ini^DliHldiiriite in. by Scythians VWt liidlitiiation expri'sseil at III. IMO Inhuman m. of workmen -II. II87 1 " " IW8 ! by Law-Lacedii'monlnn slaves. 1305 " Persecutors Catholic. 4I«3 Ireland. 4l3i I'reveiilod by Informer. looil of Prcitcstants-Dukeof Oulse-V ri8.j referencta. by Falth-Bunyan's wife. " " -Pascal's uiece. " " -Monks-False. Sec MEDiriNE. Advance In m. -England. Aversion to m.-Was!'ington. Discarded m. by Napoleon I. Soliool of m. -First- Salerno. 8032 3C35 3026 *35S0 •3551 ♦3552 '»3553 Confidence In m. -Alexander. 1048 Dangerous m. -Alexander. 5449 See PHYSICIAN. Empirical p. -Successful. MieS Mythological p.-. MaKntfied by foar-Army. Keedlesig exposuru tu d. Ovoroome by union. Patriotism arousod by d.-En(?. Protootloii from d.-i'olumbus. Providence protucts Wash. Undoterrod by d. -Luther to W. Unlntlmidated by d. -Socrates. Unity, d. brlni?s-S«o^8. WaruluB of d.-Ulchard I. See ALAKM. Needloss-Pertlnax madd emp. lieligiuus a. of L1 Vengeance on the d. bodies. 25,'j8 DEATH. Admirable d. -Mahomet's. *M01 Apprehension of d. by Cwsiir. ♦1102 by Attrltlon-Saniuel Johnson. ♦I 103 Banquet of d. -Caesar in Africa. ♦1101 " " "-Antony-Sulcldi!.*MOn Bravado toward d.-Dukeof <;.*lioo Bravery In d.-Lord Strafford. *M07 Bribery of d. by riches-Card. B.*l 108 Choice in d.-Sudden l)yCa)sar.*ll09 Companions in d.-Chlnose E. ^14 10 " "-Am. Indians^Mll Composure In d.-Duke of M. *1 112 Conquered by persuasion of 1. ♦I 113 " " Sir H. Vane. *1411 Conquers Wm. theConqueror.^MlS Coutemptof d. by So'ndin'v'ns^l41« *U17 Cowardly d. of Nero. ♦1418 Deceived In d. by friends-II.V.^1419 Deception in d.-Chas. Il.and P.^1420 Defiant in d.-Charles XII. ^1421 Encouragement in d.-"God 1."^142J Fearof d.- SamuelJohnson's. ♦142;^ " " "-Tlie Druids. '1424 Feast of d.-Aniei lean Indians. ♦142.'> Fortitude In d.-Am. Indians. ♦142G Honorable d.-Bunyau's. ^1427 Impassioned at d. of friend. A.^1428 Information of d.-S. Johnson. ♦1429 Patriotic d. of Capt. N. Hale. ♦14'!0 Permitted by Mahomet. *U:n Prayer in d. -Mahomet's. ^1432 " " -Luther's. ^1433 " " " -Cromwell's. ♦14.i4 Preparation for d. -German b. ♦143.) " "-Mahomet'8.^1136 " " -Johnson's. ♦14.'i7 " " " -Capt. of C. ♦U.^S Reflections in d.-Card.Wolsey.^l439 Results of d. to Christiann-A. ^1440 Sayings in d.-Slr Henry Vane. ^1441 a Seeming-Swedenborg's com.^1442 Self evoked-Marius. ^1443 .Strength ford. -Cromwell. ^1444 Study in d. -Explorer B. ^1445 Substitutional d.-MllUary p. *1446 Sudden d. of Geo. Washington. *1447 Testimony in d.-Lord M'ntr'se.*1448 Thoughts In d.-" France, a. J."+l 1 19 of " -3. Johnson. ♦ll.W TranriuiUlty in d.-Socrates. ♦14,')1 -"S.J." ♦rr.3 Triumph In d.-Gen.Wolfe-Q. ♦M,V2 liy Violence-Roman emperors. ♦14."i4 Welcomed In defeat-Gen. M. ^1455 of the Wl(,'kt;d-A.'s "carcass." ♦U.'iO MlBci'llaneoiiH eruss-rcfiTrncps. .•\ccldental escape Tlios. I'alnc. .30 .Esthetlcal d. of Runiaimlad'rs. 102 Amusement uncliec kcd by d. WHS Anticipation of d. -Southey. .WO Apprehended brings a throne. 1C5 Apprehension of d. by (Jen. A. J. 105 Associations In d. -London T. Bloody (I. deserved-Rlcthard ' ■ Bravery In d. "i.. " "Col. McCullou, ';ii Bribery of d. -Beaufort. , ; '" Cares of office hasten d. 2(i2l Caused by lovo of Jotingon. .3.'M9 Choice In d. Gladiators. 12:i5 Coincidence in d.-.-\daras-JefI. '.i''>S Comfort In d.-Rclli)ctions. 4105 " " -Martyr. 4130 Companions In d. by Imrlal of 1. 081 Confession of crime In d. lOHl c;oncealed from friends. 2501 Conquered-l''ear of d. . 2111 Conversion at d.-Sudden. 4772 Counsel In d. -Louis XIV. 1219 Day of d., Fit- Adams and Jeff. %8 by Dcbauchery-Dionyslus. 4411 Desii-cd-Christlan hope. 20:i9 Disiippointnient causes d. 1C()3 DL-'grace in d. -Tyrant's. l.S.')7 vs. Disgrace, Choke of d. G057 Dishonorable d. -Boniface VIII. 700 of Enemy, Satisfaction in d. 4809 Equality In d.-Egypthm rites. a2,'')2 Escape from d. by arrest. 3031 E.Kposes character-Charles II. 906 Family changes by d.-H. Davy. 86 Fear of d. -Profligate. 3210 " " " overcome-Huss. 1904 " " " -Johnson. 3046 -Recantation. 1249 " " " Unmanned by-Nero. 1270 Fearless in d. -Young Cov n'nter.G,")0 " of " -Canonohet. 5301 by Fight or flight-Normans. 1928 Fighting in d. -Persians. 2129 Gratllicatlon in d. -Blake. 4841 Heroic d. -General Bayard. 2666 Honesty In d.-Chas. II. a Cathollc.l3 Honorable d. -Wounds in front. 61V3 HopeIess-"Death an eternal 8." 840 Impending d.-Charles II. 4989 Influence survives d.-C. 2838 Instrument of d.. Remote. 3810 Invited by disregard for health. 429 Jesus sought in d.-Joan of Arc. 4137 Last words In d.-J. Q. Adams. 3259 " prayer In d.-Ode on Death.3,342 from Miasma of ill-drainage. 1041 by Necromancy-Superstition. 3804 Noble endeavors in d.-Moluc. 2561 Obedience unto d. -Fanatics. i \ I M .'3 * 810 I)Ei3ATE-I)Eirr. Aiijjulsh of b -Self destroylnR-R.orS of Chikirmi better than rulii of c. T!>1 Comfort in b.-Johnson. r)3ia Consolation in b.~" (Jod lives." 1-132 " " " Mohammedan. mos with Financial ruin of W. Scott. 94 (Jrief In h. of a mother-Sertorius.113 " punished with death. 8881 " of Jefferson, Conjuffal. 8486 Uu.sband's b.-Gcn. .Jackson. vs. Living sorrow. Madness by b. -Alexander. Melancholy from b.-Cowper. of Mother-(;nef-Solitude. MournlnK in b. -Graded. Keliglon by b.-A. Lincoln. Hepeated-WashinKioii Irvlnpf. Shook of b.~\Villiam III. Sorrow of b. -President Jack.son.10.5 Sorrows of b.-Froderlck IL .3633 Treasures in b. -Walter Scott's. Ill See CORPSE. Dangerous c. -Napoleon's. Revenge on c. of Conctni. " " " Ignoble. Sleeping In room with c. 6086 5207 1428 2601 r)2.''.!) 3736 829 3351 007T 2839 4850 4851 6807 Obduracy In d -Infldel Ferrers. 85:10 overwhelmed by d.-flO.OOO-O inln.731 I'dreutal anxitity in d.-Uurns's f.846 PatrlotUiu la d.-Pltt. 4040 " " -Hampden. 4041 Power departs at d. 4-151 I'rayer iu d., Brief. 4375 '■ " -SatnuoIJohnson. 4377 Preparation for d.-l{eparution.3()45 ! Hetlectlonsind.-Card.Wolsey. 4^14 I '• " Comforting. 2395 I Ropentancein d.-\Vlllliim 11. lOUI i Rushing into d.-King John. 15-14 Satisfaction In d. -Soldier's. 652 by Self-destruotlon Chinese. 1960 Self-exposure to d. -Howard. 4430 " " " -Napoleon. 647 Submission to d.-CiCiar. 371 Sudden d. of mocker. 4806 " " by pestilcnci". 4158 Superstition at d. by lightning. 3299 "Survlvalof the lltlest"-S. J. 811 In a Tenipest-Cromwcll. 965 Teatiinony for religion In d. 4711 Toiiiug till d.-Bieda. 0150 vs. Treasures-Incas of Peru. 1176 Trihe brings d. -Touch-Pariah. 3537 Triumphant d.-Martyr's. 2098 Unlntimidated by d. -Martyr. 41 13 Unmanned by fear of d. 21 10 of Unprepared men, Sad d. 5925 luterrlfled-Lord Raleigh. 1244 Intlmely d.-lieats-Hyron S. 2323 Vengeance in d. of tyrant. ]3.')7 or Victory, Devoted to d. 1513 See HKRKAVEMKXT. Comfort in b -Cromwell'.'^. *.')55 Depression by b.-Southey. *5.')6 Distress of b.-.\. Lincoln. *557 Fictitious b. -Queen Abne. *558 Forgetting b. -Johnson's r. *559 Memory of b. -Wordsworth. *560 Tears of b. -Daniel Webster. ♦561 Weakness in b. -James Watt. *562 Hoe EX'I'EK.MI.NATION. War of e. -queen Anne's. by I'ersocutlou-Alblgenses. of Soldlers-Nervli-Manbeugo. See .MASSACUK. Brutal m. by Tlmour. Kvldence-m. of Crusaders. (Jenoral m. In war. Immense m. -70,000 Romans. by Mob In Paris. of Patriots at Boston. Prevented at Jamestown, Va. Punished by m.-War. by Treachery-Thessalonlca. Wholesale m. -800,000 people. ♦1999 112.3 2130 ♦5214 ♦,3513 *T)U ♦3515 ♦3516 ♦3517 ♦3518 ♦3519 ♦,3520 ♦3521 Brutal m. of Caracalla. 1833 of Captives by Franks. 1334 " Christlan8-90,000 by Cho3roe8.334 Depopulated by ni. -Bagdad. 1307 Drink causes m. -Indians. 2940 Immense m. by Tlmour. 589-1 Immense m. by Canar. .M81 Inconsiderate m. by Scytliians. 1,349 Indignation expres-aed-Crom 4539 Inhuman m. of workmen-Alaric.087 " -Altlla. 088 by Law-Lacedajmonlan slavt s. 1365 " Persecutors-Catholics vs. Pw4123 " " -Ireland-C. Ts. P 4132 Prevented by Informer. 1000 of Protestants-Duke of Uulse. 508 -Com. by Plus V. 588 Religious m. by Crusaders. 4705 " of prisoners. 1300 " -Latins by Greeks.1303 Small beginning of-"S.Vo-sper8." 29 Terrible ni.-"Sioillan Vespers." 1310 UnprovoUed-Jews by A. 6166 In War-Wallenstcln. 5884 " " -Paris, A.n. 1418. .5885 See MASSACRES. Rcliglous-Frencli Revolution. ♦3532 See ORPHAN. Successful o.-A. Hamilton. 185 See ORPHANS. Adopted by the State-Soldiers'. 58 Hardships of o. apprentices. 798 See POISON. Slow p.-Thomas Overbury. ♦4226 Well applled-Cai.sar Borgia. ^4225 for Poison-Rosamond. 1392 Prei)ared for sul(Mde. 3632 Warning of p.-Alexander. 1048 See I'OISONINO. Protected by p. -Nero. 1347 Punished by boiling. 1339 Unprotected from p. -Antony 1515 See POISONS. Study of p.-cluopatra. ♦4227 .See ShAPCiltTER. Barbarous s.-58 000 Carthag's. ♦5180 Exterminating s. of Germans. '.M81 Authorized by Jesuits. 1082 In Battle-Asians. 308 " " -100.000 at Fontenay. 930 See WIDOW. Benevolent w. punished. 656 Noble son of a w -G, Wash. 0198 .See WIDOWER. Foolish third marrlage-Mllton. 87,33 ! llasry nnirrlage of w. 8481 .Many tlmt-s-Twenly-two w. 6038 ' Marriage of young wife by w. 3441 ! " " w.-Ill-niated. 3161 j Second marriage approved. 348a I See WIDOWHOOD. 1 Consolation offered In w.-N. *6908 See E.X'ECI'TION, MITRDEU and i SUICIDE in luc. I DKBATE. Personality in d-S. Johnson. *U57 I See DISCUSSION. Agreement in d. nec'y-chas. II. .3911 Candor In d. -Ecclesiastical. 705 I Imporianco of d. -Stamp Act. 3194 I Repressed by (Jov't-Reiiglous. 573 Suppressed-Authors punished. 8040 Sec DISCUSSIONS. Foolish d. -Pericles-" Dead h." 8170 Unprofitable, Verbal d.-Stolc8. 1294 See REASONINO. Abandoned for action. 1480 See CONTROVERSY in foe. DKBAITOHKItY. Royal d. of Catherine II. of R.^1458 MIscclluneouH cross-rcferciiceB, Concealed, Wife's d. 6064 -Faustina. 1075 Death by d.-Dloayslus. 4411 Devoted to d. -Bacchus-Rome. 1038 Period of general d.-Alexander.4190 Prolonged d.-Uionyslus. 2942 Unmanned by d. -Alexander. 1428 See LICENTIOUSNESS in loc DEBT. Imprisonment for d. In Eng. ♦1459 Security for d.-Sir W. Scott. ♦UOO by War of American Rev. ^1401 Arrested for d. -Charles IV. 43.53 Cancelled by murder of Jews. 4178 Division by d. -American States.1987 Imprisonment for d. -England. 4289 " " " 4299 2125 Increa.-ie of d. by extortion of J. 712 Overwhelmed by d.-8lr W. Scott. 91 Relieved by marrlage-Clcero. 3464 -Byron. 3405 Son pawned for d. 4354 See RANKRUPTCY. Predicted-National-Uritlsh. ^451 Courage In b.-SIr Walter Scott. 93 See CREDITORS. Merciless c. exposed. 18.55 Oppre.-slon of c. -Infanticide. 2410 Restrained by law. 5759 See DEBTS. Discouraged-Laws of Amasls.^Hoa Dishonest d. -Precedence of. ♦UOS Prevented-Solou's law. ♦1464 Punishment for d. -Insolvent. ♦1465 Scaled by the Virginia Colony. *1406 Small d. -Samuel Johnson. ♦1467 Due In future life, of Honor-Gambler's d. 8258 8614 3732 0038 3441 3451 348!) 2170 12«4 1480 6064 1675 4411 >. 1088 3r.419(i 294',' 1428 oc- Reqalre economy-Wrn. Peiin. 1767 Sunpenslon of all (i. ll.Vi Trivial d. unpalil-H. Johnson. 3324 See INSOLVENCY. Governmentul l.-Clms. II. 'SSOa RefuKC In l.-London. 120'J See LOAN. Hopelesa 1. to SumuulJohnaou.*3324 Uefosed by friend. S234 See USURY. Inevltoble-Rome. *5757 Law of u. -Romans. ♦5758 -Luciullus. *575a Laws against u. In Kngland. •5760 DKBCJT. (!ro99-rerereiicc. UnsQccesfiful d. -Disraeli. 4.'')51 See BEOINNINd. Bi.soourafrement at the b. ♦.'KM Pious b. -Great Reformation. ♦SOS Small b.-Am. Revolution. ♦SOO " " -Roman Revolution. ♦.'507 " " -" Massacre of Vassy." ♦508 Bad b -Success after. 2023 Ceremony at b -a Clly-Anclents. 807 Defeat at b.-Sucoess after. 2024 Failure at the b.-Demosthenes. 2021 Hesitation at the b -Mahomet. 876 Uumble b.-Yale College. 1783 Vnpromislnf: b. In the ministry. 1800 DECEIT. Temptation to d -Mahomet's. *1468 Timely d.-Perslan prince. ♦1409 Miscellaneous croas-rcferencea. Lawyers Imprisoned for d. 3168 vs. Deceit-Harold II. 3810 In Diplomacy-English. 17.')2 " -Napoleon. 3850 DECEITFVLNESS. Desoribed-Lora lii'i'adiilbane. ♦1470 nRCEIVER. Deceived ird Rochester. ♦U?! Crosa-rnferencc. Decelved-Lord Sunderland. 2967 DECENCY. Regard : ■ d.-YouiiR Newton. ♦I 172 ee MODESTY. ConsplcU( ;-Benj. Franklin. ♦3647 of Genius- 1 ao Newton. ♦3048 Hero's m.-(. ribaldl. ♦3640 Unopiwsed .lohn Howard. *30.50 Blushinf? y. m. hated. 6178 of Genlus-Soc rates. 3503 Heroic m. of Charles XII. 1970 Importance of ra.-Cato and M. 107 Noble m. of Isaac Newton. 1631 DECEPTION. Betrays itself-Gulse of Rich. I. •1473 Day of d.-" Dupe'8-day." ^1474 Ju.stlfled by Jesuits. ^1475 Pleasing d.-" Sugar-coated." •1476 Punlshed-Dem'sth'nes bribed. *1477 of Self-Roman senators and o.^l478 8npergtltloasd.-"Saored F." ♦1479 DEBUT— DECEI'TION. MlHOvlluiiuotia croHH-ri'feruitcea. In Appearances-Phllopa'men's. 2.')S " " -(). ('romwell's. 2U0 " " Indians to C'l'nlsts. 30 " " -In Ilereavement. 5.')8 Aroused by d. -Anger. l.')87 Artful d. of Cotton Mather. 1507 by Audaolty-Napoleon. 393 In .Vvarlce-Henry VII. 4.30 by Brief acquaintance-Havages. .30 of Conscience- Assassins. 1478 Contagious d. Shelley's friends. 2738 1 120 1919 1020 020 1471 2.'JH6 4213 27.'i7 29.38 1023 6353 1005 1419 4410 3621 5100 5101 5348 2353 5304 1921 3195 6012 4858 Death bed d. -Charles II. by Equivocation-James II. " Evasion-Johnson. In FInance-IiOuls XIV. by Flattery-Rochester. " Uoax-Wiiliam Irving's d. Huge d. -Titus Gates, by Imagination. In Intemperance. JustlQable d. of assassins. Necessary d. by Columbus. Painful-" Land I Land 1" by Physicians of Henry V. " Vrejudlce-Steamengliit'. Preserved byd. -Pagan temple. of Senses-Donatlso's doctrine " -Eleatlcs. by Self-mutllatlon-War. Spirits of the departed. Successful d. -Spies, by Vastness-Dlscovory. In War-Decoy letter. " Wlno-Samuel Johnscn. Woman's d.-Antonliia. See Al'l'AUrriON. Belief in a.-8amuel Johnson. False a.-" Three knights." Fancied ix. of Theseus. Cross-refercncei. of the Dead-H. Miller. Startling a.-" Evil genius." .See BETRAYAL. Unintentional b. -Missionary. See OHAR.M. Protecting c. -Thunder and 1. " " -AgnuM Dei. Sec COUNTERFEIT. Preserved by a ('.-"Sacred b." Relics-Manufactured by an A, Signature-Consul Antony. of Ambition-" What then?" " " -Maximus. by Depreciation-Reformation. Financial d.-John Law. by Forgery-Wm. P. of Grange. ' Gold-seekera-California. ' " " -Jamestown. " " -Londoners. " " -Spaniards. 811 Liberty ad. -Romans. .3215 Popular d. -Civil War. 1985 " " -Crusaders. 2095 " -De Soto's oxp'ditl'n. 1986 1187 5771 1981 " " -Joan of Arc. by Trifles-lndians-'l'rlnkets. Visionary d. of gold seekers. See DEMAdOOUE. Changeful d.-Ilucklngham. Class-Itome-Votts. First d.-MeiK'sthcus. Marks of the un. Dangerous d.-Longclmmp. I)etected-(,'laudius Pulchor. Difficult d. -Flight of Charles I. ♦16.53 Successful d.-Emp. Majorlan. ♦1054 4214 4250 4274 4256 392 *10IO ♦10,50 ♦1051 •10,52 Difficult d. Richard I. 1 173 for Evil deeds-l'olitic.s-Brlbery. 002 Ineffective d. -Richard II. 4614 " -Jeffreys. 4843 In Masquerade-Deadly. .'1512 of PatrlcUs-Itoston Tea Party. 3520 Penetrated by Joan of Arc. 2M95 Perilous d. of martyrs. 3,509 Personal-Suocessf ul-Charles II. .391 1 Religious d. of Jesuits. 3012 Successful-Alfred the Great. 5S2I) Wife disguised in man's dress. 31Ki See DISSKMHLINIJ. Successful d. of Faustina. •1075 Unsuccessful d. of Charles I. ^1070 of Melancholy- Young. loro in Speet^h Romans. 5202 See DISSIMULATION. Dangers of d. -Charles I. ♦lorr Politic d. of courtiers. ♦lors Political d. -Newcastle. ♦loro " -Turks. ♦IIWO Heligious d.- Emjieror Julian. ♦1(')S1 Ifoyal d. George III. ♦1082 See DUPES. Day of d.-Frnnce. 1474 Undecelved-Iiuined. 22 M SeeDUI'LiriTY. National d. Queen Anne. ♦17.52 Religious d.-Sclater. 4700 Shameful d. North. ;«■«) Shameless in d.-Leo X. 42.'^" Success by d. -Louis XI. 5;)01 See ENCHANTMENT. Boyi.sh e. -David Crockett. 034 " " in books Irving. 626 Personal e. by Mahomet. 2121 See EVASION. Deceitful e.-Samuel Johnson. ♦1920 Legal e. -Reversing the tablet .♦1930 f: i by Absence-Cicero. 2056 Clerical-Conscience act. 2.533 812 DECISION. Ir I ii> ; !•■ (^uiifuHMlou by oongtruotion. Dl8huiiorablo o.-(,'harle8 II. Sop FAL.SEIIOOD. Confirmed In f.-t buries I. Oovernniental f.-Napoleon I. (iruwth of f. by (;arcle8BDe8B. JustlQed by Jusults. " " Souuiel Johnson. Diplomacy of f.-EHzabeth. by Lylnir.-ipIrlts-SwedenborK. Pious f. of loyalty, vs. Trutb-Samuel Jobnson. See KLATTKHY. Artful t. of captive Zenobla. Fal8e f. of Henry VIlI. Fulsome f. of James I. IrrltatliiK f. of Krode'-lck the Q. Kcsented by Alexander. Kewarded, Excessive f. Deception by f.-Uochester. Develops sorvitude-Uomans. Embarrassment by f.-Ca'sar. for Favor-Voltairo. Fulsome f. of Charles I. Wealth by f.-LeRacles. of Woman's beauty-Elizabeth, Sei' FRAUD. Gljcantlc f.-S. Sea scheme. Governmental f.-Charles II. Suspicions of f.-Flrst cable, in Trade-" Honest Leather." Alarming f.-Forgery. " Departed spirit." Exposed-Antony's f. Fisliermcn's f.-Antony. Liviiitj by f. -Beggars. Ueligious f. Images. •Weeping virgin. Grecian oracle. Holy lance. Kelics. Spiritualistic f.-" Knoclc." See (JIIOST. an Improvised g. See GHOSTS. Belief in g.-Samuel Johnson. Fear of g.-the Siamese. See HALU'CINATION. Realistic h. -Luther-Devil. 4118 5720 *1!041 •2013 *i!(M3 ♦acMJ *8(M5 l.WO 5311 1348 6722 ♦2152 ♦2153 ♦2151 *21.')5 ♦215(1 ♦2157 1171 305 2057 2825 eo 5971 2684 ♦2214 ♦2215 ♦2216 ♦2817 1542 2353 2149 2149 5703 1282 3020 3946 4067 4008 4609 4670 4671 4672 4673 4674 4675 4078 3555 3353 ♦23&1 ♦2355 ♦2506 Enthusiast's h.-Joan of Arc. 8384 See INFATUATION. Destructive 1. of Nero. ♦2819 of Pride-James II. *2830 of Curioslty-Pliny. 5050 Inventor's l.-Arkwright. 5168 of Love-Page of Mary Stuart. 3343 Political l.-tlames II. 8;«8 Popular 1. -Conquest of Plorlda. 75 of War-Charles XII. 1239 See maok;. Belief In m.-Columbus. *;)378 Printing a work of m. 440.') of Science working wonders. 5051 See .MISTAKE. Encouraging m.-Columbus. ♦3045 Alarming m. -Omen-Duke Wm Blundering m.-(Jold8mitb. in KollKlon-" Take blessing b." Uldlculous m.-Cato'8. by Magnitude-Columbus. Uldlculous m. of Aristotle. .See PHANTOM. Alarmed by p.-Theodoric. Pursued by p.-MurderiT. Sec SHAMS. Military s.-Am. Revolution. 31 (109 001 1011 3045 0010 1115 11U8 ♦5180 1,100 Rldlcuied-AfTectatlon. See SOKCEKY. Condemned England, yr. 144O.^5304 Fear of s.-Joan of Arc. ♦.5205 Punished by Henry VI. ♦6860 Belief In s. -Romans, vs. Dlsciplliif-Uusslans. Work of s.-Joan of Arc. See SPECTRE. Terrifying s.-Brutus's vision. See TREACHERY. Base t.-Phllip VI. Consummate t.-Charles II. Gold for t.-Benedict Arnold. Message of t.-Emp. Alexander. 1884 1493 2894 58-16 ♦5690 ♦5091 ♦5692 ♦5093 Conquest by t.-Sextus over G in Court-Criminal. Diplomatic t. -English. Dlsgulsed-Cresar's assassins. -Friendship, of Friend-Brutus vs. Crosar. " " -Francis Bacon. Friendship's t.-Dick Talbot. Infamous t.-Am. Revolution. " " -Pausanlas. Ingrate's t. -Burton. Massacre by t. National t. -England to France. 9H0 Office by t.-Eteocles. iiHSi Offlolal t. to Columbus. Proof against t.-Belisarlus. " " -Patriot. Proposal of t. rebuked. Proverbial-" Word of a king." Shameful t.-AgathocIes. Thwarted by exposure. Umpire's t. -Edward I. See VISION. Fanciful v.-Phantom city. ♦5845 Horriblo v.-Marous Brutus. ♦5846 Spiritual v.-Swedenborg. ^5847 of War-Hannibal. ♦.5848 48 5833 1752 1478 2243 8852 8857 3202 1130 3724 8850 ♦,3580 ♦3900 8128 401)8 4075 8041 1538 3518 5746 Auspicious V.-" Holy Lance." 4007 Child's V. of future-Cromwell. 8474 of Conqueror-Solyman. 2.5(i2 " the Cross by Constantine. 1320 Delusive optical v.-('anaries. 1581 Fanatics v.-" Plough the e." 1003 Faith's V. of the cross. 1175 of Genius-Columbus. 8,144 " God-American Indians. 8383 Illusive v.-Blalse Pascal. 2741 by Iniaglnatlon-Bunyan. 8733 Instructed by v. -Constantine. 5440 of Invisible guldo-C'nstantlne's.2493 Prompted by v.-P. Cooper's f. 4407 Kemarkable v. vorlfled-8. 915 of .Saints-Joan of Arc. 2384 Startling v.-Poot Shelley. 2736 " " " 2738 Timely v. of Mahomet. 055 of Wealth, Deceptive. 5085 Woman transformed In v. 6106 See WITCH, a Suspected w.-Esqulmo. ♦6023 Burned as a w.-Joan of Are. 1726 Cured by flogglng-Salem. 845 Suspected w. -Duchess of Orl'ns.3518 " w. -(Quakers. 4129 See IMI'OSITIOX in loc. DECISION. Final d. -Rubicon, li If (I Lacking d. -Charles I. ♦1480 ♦1481 ♦1482 Miscellaneous cross-references. Hastened d.-Peace or war. Lacking d. -Charles II. See (.;II()ICE. of Both by Lysander. Manifested by Plzarro. Necessary-My head or king's. Painful c.-Death of Strafiford. rma 2751 ♦819 ♦820 ♦821 ♦828 Difficult c. -which Child to save. 117 Necessary o.-(,'harles I. 416 of Llfe-Youthtimc. ,3854 Painful c. -Charge or be charged. 71 " "-Clotilda. 1&16 of Paradise or Perdition. 0141 Politician's c.-Ch. vs. Vote. 3874 '1 hirst vs. Royalty. 59,52 Unhappy c. -Money or teetli. 2001 See DETERMINATION. Asscrted-"Sword shall give lt."^1.5,")5 Emphatijd.-"Stonemybairt."^l,5,-0 Fixed-Joan of Arc. ♦IKi? Obstinate d. -Scotch Presb's. ♦1.55f» Strange d.-Joan of Arc. ♦15,'J9 for Succes8-"Wln his spurs." ♦15C0 Want of d.-Phlllp of France. ♦ISCl Youthful d.-Alciblades. ♦1508 Bold d. -Napoleon at Lodl. 2752 Expressed by Juryman. 3049 Inventor's d.-John Fitch. 2990 Success of young A. Hamilton. 185 Sec DILEMMA. Decided by Marcla. ♦1591 Painful d.-Church vs. State. Ruin Inevitable. Unavoidable d. -Extortion. See RESOLUTION. Success by r.-Am. patriots. Moral r. of Luther. Success by r. -Fremont. Unsurpassed in r.-Plzarro. Weakness In r., Moral. 4118 4955 2003 ♦4816 1092 1060 1008 5054 DECORUM— 1)EFIAN( 'E, 813 See VACILLATION. Political V.-" BobbliiK John." 769 See KICKLKNKSS in loc. DECORUin. In Dobate-Amerlcun Indians. *1488 Ministerial d. -8. Johnson. *t484 See DECENCY and DIGNITY IM loo. DKDICATIOn. Changed-Blblla I'olyKlotta. True d.-Uell>?lou8-Churoh. *1485 ♦1486 MlacellancouB eross-rcfcrencei). to God-KnlKhts. 1131 " " -John Wesley. 1122 Indifferent d. of temple. 6150 See CONSECRATION. for Confllct-KnlKhts. ♦1121 without Fulth-John Wesley. ♦1122 Ceremony of c.-KiilKhts. for Conquest-Qreolan Youth, of Spoils, Pious c.-AuroIlan. " " to benevolence, for War-Janlzarles See DEFAMATION. Punlshed-Titus Dates. See DEVOTION. Absolute Mohammedan d. Commendable d. of St. Amb. Entire d. of Bp. Thomas Coke. Ministerial d. of Thomas Lee. Self-sacriflclnK d.-Bellsarius. 8086 6170 5316 539 S255 ♦1487 ♦1568 *15C9 ♦1570 ♦LWl ♦1572 3843 3898 2567 374 2486 2109 2675 3998 Absolute d. of life. to Amusement-Angelus. " Banner-Mohammedan. Blind d. of Persian assassins. Conjugal d. -Jefferson. Entire d.-Soldler's-Peyton. External d. to the pope. Filial a. -Seeking pardon. Friendship's d. to Wm. P. of O. 2223 " in Battle. 2227 " " at St. Helena. 22.30 " " -Serg. Hubert. 2839 to God's work-Lutlier. 2229 " Liberty-Lafayette. 2225 of Life-Fanatics. 8843 " " to others-Spartans. 4045 Mlsapplled-Wolsoy. 1439 Reward of d.-Garlbaldl's. 4042 Secret of d. -Money. 2705 Servant's d. to mistress. 5120 of Soldiers-Swedes to Chas.XII. J239 Soldiers' d. to standards. 3838 to Study-Young Napoleon. 5.375 Terrible oath of d. by gladiators. 102 of Wife-Lafayette's. 4318 " Woman-H. Wentworth. 2516 " -Mrs. Unwln. 2883 to Women-Knights. 2866 See SLANDER in loc. DEFEAT. Beginning with d. -Lincoln. ^1488 Brilliant d.-Napoleon-W. ♦1489 Concealed d. -Samuel Johnson^l490 Difficult d.-Ca?sar. ♦1491 Inspiring d -Bunker Hill. ♦1493 Instruction by d.-Peter the G. ♦1493 Moftlfloatic I of d. -Montcalm. ^1404 OTerwhelrainK d. -Moscow. ♦MOS Service of d.-Bull Hun. *UW Miscellaneous cross-references. Beginning with d.-Am. Hev. Despair by d. -American Uov. Embittered by d.-John Adams, Exempt from d. -Cromwell. Fatal d.-IIoraoe Greeley. Honor In d. -Persians at Petra. Humiliation by d.-Uomaus. Impossible d.-C'ol Moultrie's. Mortifying d. -Henry Clay. " " of Charles I. Stinging d. -Persians by B. .See ORUMBLINO. over Failures of Ad. Nelson See SI'KRENDER. to Death-Boges. Demanded-Ethan Allen. Disgraceful s.-Manchester. Final s.-Clvll War. Impossible s.-" The Old O." Indignant s.-P. Stnyvesant. Prevented-Charter Oak. 5881 1541 4334 311 4281 613 2663 ara 4247 3523 614 ♦3490 ♦5468 ♦5469 ♦,M70 ♦6471 ♦■'VI72 ♦.'•.473 ♦5474 Infamous-10,000 Scots to 500 E. .306 of Life, Cheerful s. 1430 " " " "-Defeat. 1494 " " Noble 8. 3820 Refusal to s., Determined-G. 1372 Unconditional s. -Ft. Donelson. 1891 See DISAPPOINTMENT in loc. DEFECTS. Covered, Personal d. -Pericles- •1497 Cross-references. Forgotten, Deformity of face. Sensitive to d. See BLOT. Shameful b. -William Penn's. of the Tlme-Ca>sar's. Sec CENSOR. Official c.-Roman. See CENSURE. Resented-Dlonysius. Unmoved by c.-Juckson. l.'jOe 5104 ♦G07 *608 ♦740 ♦717 *748 *749 Changed to praise-Thebans. 2855 of the Dead refused-Boliugb'ke.911 vs. Insult-Lincoln. ,'j34 Unmerited c.-Mary P. of 0. 788 See COMPLAINTS. Characteristic c.-Palmcrston. 1311 Croaker's c.-Bad times. 1315 DIsrcRardod-Komans. 3113 Ill-tempered c.-Sam'l Johnson. 1503 Inconsiderate c. -Pericles. 17C0 Perilous c. of captives-Indians. 565 Presentation of c. -denied, 1201 Useless c. acalnat mother-Alex. 114 See CKOA KINO, of Degeneracy-Eng. Puritans. *1315 Habit of c. about the weather. ♦ISIO Sec FAULTS. of Friends seen quickly. 2231 Kindness conceals f -Ilervey. 2465 Overlooked In Burnet. 2798 " friends. 2830 See PESSIMISTS. Error of p.-Evlls are old. 136 .National p.-Engllsh bankruptcy. 451 SeeCKITK.'m loo. defen(;e. a Bondage Kail of V('rona. Brave d. of (.lount Gerontlus. Declined by (■liarlos I. Frail d. at Waterloo. Heroic d. of La Hochclle. Patriotic d. of Holland. Savage d. -Babylonians. ♦1498 ♦1199 * 1,500 ♦1,501 * 1,502 ♦1,503 ♦1504 Miscellaneous cross-references. Delay needful for d. 5175 Exhibitions of self defence-Eng.21H Iini)()ssible-trlal of Dr. Batenian..M0 Negleoted-Constantinople. Noble d. -Siege of Motz. Omitted on Sabbath-Jews. Self-defence at Londonderry, " " In argument. Sei! ARMOR. Protected by a.-Battlo of B. See BLOCKADE, by Chalns-Constantln'pic by M.*fi05 1)05 3208 4!I85 18.57 4G1 of Death-Corpses-Ca>sur. See PROTECTION, of Industry-Clashing. " Manufacturers-England, by Secrecy-Athanasius. for the Weak-Georgia. ♦COU ♦45.34 *4.'-.;!5 *4,5;58 ♦4537 by Armor-Battle of Brenneville.4fil 681 783 7.S3 956 2'.)5 Bible p.- John Knox-Queen M. by Chavms-Numa. " " -"Agnus Del." " Climate- Ethiopians. Costly and futile-Chinese wall. Divine p. of (ioo. Washington. 3274 " " sought. 3718 Feeble p.-MMes Standlsh-6 men. 313 Hurtful p. of property by H. 701 Impartial p. of chlldren-Dustin. 117 Ineffective-Arrows at Hastings. 391 National p. made necessary-C. 173 of I'eace-Am. Ind's peace pipe.4092 " Provldencc-Wm. P. of 0. 4,''w5 See SAFETY. Public s. by (Jothic hostages. ♦5005 Selfish s.-Darius. *5004 Ashamed of s.-Gen. in battle. .'269 by Boldness-Cortez. 2653 in Counsel-Battle. 1221 Dishonorable s.-Maximin. 2060 Indifference to personal s. 1391 Neglect of personal s.-Caisar. 1402 DEFIANI^E. Challenge of d.-Wni. P. of O. ♦1505 Ml9cellaneo\is cross-references. Angry d. -Black Prince. .5431 Coronation of Napoleon I. 1.321 In Death-Sword grasped. 1121 Emblem of d. -Rattlesnake. 3939 See CHALLENOE. Dangerous c. -Rebel invasion. ♦753 Offered-Revolutionary War. ^754 Political c.-Lincoin-Douglas. ♦755 8U DEFINITION— DKMCACY. im Hoyiil c.-AiiRtrlan prince. •7B6 Unaccepted o.-Alozius. *7S7 iRnored by Cipgar. 4893 Naval o.-Americnn-KnKllsh. aivo Unfortunate c.-IIenry 11. ts DKFINITION. CrosH-refereiice. Partial d.-Platu'a man. 0301 DEFORIVITY. Forgotten-Tliackt ray. •1500 OroBB-rfffreiiccs. Absence of bodily d.-Am. Ind's. 610 In Art-Cblnege )ialntlnKH. 828 See DEFECT in /oc. DEOENURACY. Athenian d.-desplsed. •1507 National d.-EuKland a.d. 1775.*1508 Mlscellsn«ou» croas-referenccB. by Clvlllzatlon-l'liyslcnl-Am. I. 616 '• Luxury-Alex'a soldiers. 33(«5 Luxury marks lioinan d. XWO National d.-pleasure-lovlii(f G. 901 See DErKAVlTY in loc. DEGRADATIOIV. National d. of Hungarians. *U>OQ and PoTerty-Ireland. ♦l.'iio Social d. -Ireland. ♦isil MlBcellaiieous croas-rcfrrences. by AmusomentH- Romans. 220 " Avarice-Theodora. 15a3 " Drink-Dlonysius. 2942 in Employment-Clergy. 924 of Genlus-Oratlan. 1007 Irresponsible-Irish people. 3944 Legal d. of women. 0118 Love amid d. -Soldiers. .3344 Moral d. of English clergy. 925 National d. of aboriginal Irish. 727 Shameful self-d.-Vltellius. 3879 Social d. -Roman masses. 3250 by Superstition-Egyptians. .5457 Voluntary d. -Monkery. 3084 See BONDAGE. to Vice-James II. 0085 " Wealth-Peruvians. 4527 of Wife to h. -Romans. 1707 See BRANDING, of Criminals in London. 1290 See DISPAKA(iEMENT Intellectual d.-(). Goldsmith. ♦10G4 See PROKLIGATE. Royal p. -Queen of Spain. ^4490 4,305 3405 Clerical p. -Pope John XII. Marriage of p. -Byron. See SERFAGE. Burdens of s.-Eng.-13th cent. *5116 See SERVILITY. Disgraceful s.-JamesBagge. *5123 Genius for s.-Bagge. 6123 of Flatterers-Romans. .»5 Required by tyrant-Sapor. 2527 Shameful s.-Roman Senate. 43V3 Shameless s. of husband of Z. 63 I 8fc SHAME. Consummate s.- Ferdinand. ♦8)85 Burdens life-Martyr Iluas. 190-1 by Drink-Offloials. 2917 Ueredttry of B.-Ferdlnand. 20(1« Indifference to s.-Common vlcu.3213 Indlfterent to s.-Charles II. L'4ro for Ingratltude-Thebans. 28,55 Insensible to s. -Henry VIII. 4,58 " " Feversham. 4002 Life of 8. overlooked. 3177 National a.-Kng.-Relgnof Ed. 111.87 Overwhelming s.-Roman army.S6(;2 "-Traitor. 2795 Punishment by 8.- Alexander. 2148 Vice without s.-Noblllty. 05 of Women overlooked. 8712 See SLAVERY. Antiquity of s.-«i oat. ♦5182 Avarice of s.-Engllsh. ♦5183 Beginnings of s.-Ueorgla. ^5184 of Captives-Romans. ^5185 in England, A.M. 1215. *6m\ Introduced In Virginia. ♦5187 Mitlgated-Athenlan. *5!88 -Roman. _ ♦5189 Natural-Turks. ^5190 Oppo^^ed by friends. ♦5191 Prevalence of s.-Rome. ♦,5192 of Prisoners- England. ^5193 Punished by s.-England. ^5194 Repulsive s.-England. ♦5195 Unchristian s.-Britlsh. ♦5190 Abolition of s.-Struggle for. 4100 Affection in s.-Ponipey. 2253 Captives Bold into s.-C'srsar. 008 Cowards punished by s.-R. 1275 Cruelty of s. -Helots. 1,305 Death preferred to s -Chinese. 1900 " of American s. -Lincoln. 3227 Debtors sold into s. -Romans. 1405 Desperate defence of s. 41,59 Doubt respecting morality of s.llOO Escape from a. by murder. 83 Galling s. of Peruvians. 4527 Hatred to s.-Rash-J. Brown. 3088 Imperilled by s. -American C. .3800 Indian s.-Viciims from L. 1290 Labor degraded by s. ar^K Opposition to .«. by Abolitionists. 147 Poor sold into s.-England. .502 Sold into s. -Plato. 748 Suppressed s.-Boston, year 1701.18,59 to Wealth, Peruvians-Illus. 59K3 Wretched s. of Helots. 1300 Sec SLAVES. Angelic s.-tho English. *5197 of Disbelievers-Virginia. ^5198 Docility of s. -Civil War. ♦5199 Rebellion of s.-Roman. ♦5200 White s. in Virginia. ^5201 of Cereraony-Constantine. 7.52 " " -Anit)Hssadors. 7.50 Condition of Anglo Saxon s. 720 Fidelity of s. of Cornutus. 5,351 Imperilled by s.-Rome. 43C0 Sale of aged s. -Inhumanity. 28,59 Bee DEGENERACY, DEPRAVITY, DISGRACE and VICE in loc. DEIFirATION. Mlnc'll.iiicniiH croBH- references. of Ciesar-Romans 2057 " llerocs-Anilent Greeks. 3611 " Self -Alexander In India. 27.53 DBITY. Ilolief In d.-dreduns. ♦1512 Concealed- Ancient Italians. •1513 8ub,)ugated by chains- Apollo. ♦Ifill MlBcellnneonB croas-referenccs Benevolence of d. -Socrates. 4,550 by HallucliDitlon-MenecrateB. ,5779 I'ornoiillltMl .Minerva. 5-l;!H Presence of d.-Thales. 0157 Tnchaste d. -Faustina. 1075 Vicious d. -Pagans. .3ir:4 See DIVINITY. Proof of d. required. ♦ 1091 of the Soul-Pythagoras. 5309 See CHRIST and GOD in loi- DEJECTION. Mental d. of William Pitt. «151.-> Mlncelliineous cnwB-reference.^. by Bercavement-Southey. .550 the Wtiatlier brings d.. Bad. 949 .See DESPONDENCY in kic. DELAY. I)aiigerous-Bu8lnes.' Safety by d. ('liarles I. 10.53 .So TIIRKATENlNd i„ Inr. OBPAKTITHB. Mysterious d. (leomedes. ♦l.^30 Cross reference. Beneficial d. -Hernando Cortez. 78 See AliA.NDONMENT. Inhuman a.-Mosloms. *t Mortifying a.-Tiniotliy Hall. ♦« of All for safety-Rome. 2117 " Army by General Agathocles. 1.538 " Olvillzation-S. Houston. 905 Deferved a.-Catlllne. 392 Forsaken justly-James II. ^2203 Heartless a. by sailors-Hudson. 3757 Humiliating a. of Nero. 1270 Just a. by ciiildron-James II. 2203 Outi^ast for rellgion-W. Penn.^3970 Painful a. of wife-Dustln. 117 Sudden a. of Richmond. 6167 " " " Wife Sheilr-'. 5993 .'ino nrid Nap. 104 Hfc KLIOHT. Cowardly f.-IIuriicllan. 31S8 Famous for f.-MaxImln. aO(iO for Safety -Uomaii panic. 8117 See KITorriVK. UopelcBg of cHcnpo-Mf.reellug. 1710 Koyal f.-.IamoH II. ^T«8 Sympathy for f.-Amorlcann. 4U(!0 Welcomed In Kranco-Jumes 11.6090 Sw Kl'filTlVES. /^leneroHlty to royal f. 8041 CunlHhud hy Hlavery. fiOv! HefuKC of f.-AHylum-Uom«. IJH" Sanctuary of f.-N. Carolina. B43C .See HI'NAWAY. from AbuHe-Frederlck II. 33H9 Arrested r. Uavld Crockett. C;!4 Dlstln(ful.>!lii'(l r.-I'lzarro. *4(»» Reformed David Crockett. 637 Successful r.-Il. Franklin. 038 " •' -Samuel Houston. 006 Hce DESEHTION, EMIUHA- TION ami .SECESSION 1/1 Inc. Needless d. -Colonists In Va. ♦1531 Crofsreferciice. Filial d. corrected-" Win spurs. "2680 See TIirST m loc. DKPKAVlTir. by Dosceut.-Nero's. *]f).'ia Evidence of d.-8. Johnson. *16iVi MlscellanentiH croas-refcronccs. Afte of excessive d.-Uomans. " " d. -Introduction of C. Destructive d. of Nero, with Intellectual power. Inclination of d.-EailuR. Locality of d. concentrated. Parental d. confessed-C. IV. Sue APO.STASY. Open a. of Uomanus. Primitive a. by persecution 124 124 329 1009 4203 1293 2006 *2.51 ♦252 Encouraged by law-Maryland. 4116 Exphiined-Inconslstoncy. 2774 Discreditable a. -Protestant. 19.'!0 Ueactlon of forced converts to a.920 Required of officer. 1471 Sec APOSTATE. Honored unw'sely. Shameful a. -Justus. See APOSTATES. Forgiven by Primitive Church. *253 3177 i;«)9 Malice of a.-Knlnhts Templars. 1930 " " " -Julian's. 2546 See CORRUPTION, DEGRADATION and SIN in loo. DKFKKCIATION. Financial d. Plymouth Col. Foolish d. of Martin I.uthef. Seu CAVIL. Answered-I.«Kl»lfttlou. ♦IS.'M *VM *740 , 743 ♦1315 •vm ♦24U(» I- Silenced by hucoohb. Cent. Ez See CltOAKINd. of DfKoniTacy Knit- Puritans. Habit of 0. about the weather, Sie DISP.VllAOE.MK.NT. luti llcctual d. (). fioUlsralth. 'lOOl Hn; (lUC.MIlI.lNU. oV(T FttUuroH of Ad. Nelson. See COMPLAINTS and CUri' CISM i.-l In,-. nKPUKNoiION. CroM.H relVrenee. by Bereavement Southey. 550 ^Veather«UKU. 8130 Sec CALAMITY and DESTRUC- TION ill tnr. DKMPAIII. of the Defeated Am. Hev. *KAl Determination of d.-Aurellan.^l54:) 2015 1880 I2;i5 1193 14.38 4122 W23 1410 3816 >riiiccllanemiii cri>ii»referencc«. Appeal of d. rejectod. Ciinlldence succeeds d.-C'ol. Courage of d. -Gladiators, spiritual d. Seeker. Suicide In d.-of defeat. " of persecuted Jews. " suggested In d. Weakness of d, -Chinese. See DESPONDENCY, by Difficulties rellev(Ml. See MELANCHOLY, Characteristic m.- Aborigines. ♦.S.V>7 Depres.sed by m. -Charles V. ♦3538 Excusable m.-John Milton. ♦3,5.59 Inherited m. -Samuel Johnson. ♦3.5(K) " " " ♦3,-)01 Natural ^3602 Philosophy of m.-Unfth'm'blo. ♦3,503 Kellglous m.-George Fox. ♦3.56-1 " -Puritans. ♦.seCS Resisted by Samuel Johnson. ♦a5C0 Royal m.-Queen Elizabeth. ♦3507 Adversity produces m. -Young, of Itereavement-Jefforson. Death desired In m. Hallucination of m.-Luther. Marriage relieves va. Misfortune brings m. ti 14 44 In Old Age-Elizabeth. Religious m.-II. D. Oougb. " " -NeUon. " " of Cromwell. " " -Anabaptists. See REMORSE. Persecutor's r.-Charles IX. Royal r.-Kdward IV. Assassins r.-Nero. of Conscience-Charles I. of Ingrate son-Richard. Murderer's r.-Constans II. Renegade's r.-Argylo. Victim of r.-Clotaire. See SUICIDE. Averted s. -Napoleon I. Cause of s. -Samuel .Ioh-..cn,n. Cowardice of s.-Am. Indians. Deterred-Benjamin Abbott. Dyspeptic's escape by a. Escape by s.-Demosthenes. Glorification of s. -Stoics. Mania *--- s -William Cowper. Philosoi s. -Marcus. Remorseful s.-Mrs. Shelley. 1670 2480 2619 2506 3480 3633 3559 a5C7 1179 11S9 4718 4719 ♦4760 ♦4761 1110 Ills 1034 1108 6209 1301 ♦.5420 ♦.5421 ♦.5422 ♦.5423 ♦.5124 ♦5425 ♦5420 ♦,5427 ♦5-128 ♦.5429 Attem pted by Cowper. 2601 , 8883 DESPi:i{ATI()N-I)KTKCTIVK. 817 at Command of riiUir. 3H-in by " -Koriy wive*. 1410 of thi) Dnfttated Cumbrians. IBBO for l)l«Krttoe-lAicrutla. B7W1 Fanatlu'HN. KvIIkIoiih. 8M)U Intentli.iml ». Youthful W. KIOM Intlmldutod Nero. ia70 raradlHo giiliuid by a. Mid I'rcpariitloii for ■. Shelloy. 834.^ " " -Friid. II. .WW Preventod h. -Alexander's. 40ai KdfiiKe from fumlno In h. iJOin " " adversity In s. M'iO Itequlrcd-exOfBoer-Turk. 380(1 Uoldler'8 H. Koman. 14IM " •• -Antony. HOB Temptation to h. -Melancholy. 1170 BceDI.SAn'OINTMENTamI DIM- OOlIUAIIKMENTid tuc. DE8PEHATION. In Battle rorHlims. •1548 FIniil d.-Bllnd KlnR John. ♦1.M4 Hobume of d. -Strafford's. *1645 MlBci'lliineinm cross-reforoiicos. Audacity of d. Florida Indians Uefonco of d. -DeHolatlon. of IIunKer-Cunnibula. " " -Sailors. Rashness of d. Joseph. Self-destructive (l.-Clmbrlans. Success of d.-(;ortez. Vice brbiKs to d. CatlUno. Soe DKSI'AIK in loc. DBNPOIVDENCY. Mlsceiliiin'ouii cr(i>s ri'fereuces. Days for d. Valley Forgo. Rebuked Columbus. Removed by dl.sslpatlon. Sue DKl'HESSION. Bad weather brings d. Bereavement Southcy. See IIYl'DCIIONDKIA. Constitutional h.-Wui. Cowper.acOl See UlSCOURAOEMENT Biid DOUHT in loc. 304 G068 T(W 1803 44.')1 l.WO 3«;w 1110 2308 18«1 B-140 040 556 DEJ^POTISin. Revival of d. -Cardinal Wolsey.' 1546 Mlatcllanemis croBX-references. Colonial d. -Massachusetts. 3208 Social d.-Landlord. 724 Seo TYRANNY. Cruelty of t. -Xerxes. *5734 Ecclesiastical t.-CathoUc. 'BTSS Emblem of t.-BastUe. *5raG Insurrection against t.-P. *!j737 Legislative t.-Long Parirm'nt.*5738 of Liberty-French Revolution. *5730 " " -Hev. Tribunal. Parental t.-Fredorick Wm. 1. Recompense for t.-Franco. Self-destruotlvo t.-Uoman. Shameful t.-Spanlards. Terrible t.-Qlldo. ♦.5740 ♦5741 ♦5742 ♦5743 ♦5744 ♦5745 Mlscfllanoous cross-references. In Amusements-Spaniards. 5744 Of Caste, Social t. 34i)l Displaced by t.-Vlrglnla. 2443 Booleslastical t.-Kxc'mm'nlc'n.4944 Kxasperated by t. HUrlllaim. Household t. of elder brother. U II II II II or In KznommunloBtlon. LegNUtive t.-B. Parliament. NoiireMlHtaiice to t. OppniNHion of t. Hope Crime. Kttactlon against t. ICiillniis. KeHciited Nnw. Kiig. Coliiiilst! 8ei!(J()VEK.NME.NT»iiil llll. Ill (ill'. DUSTINV. Unavoidable-Napoleon I. l.'IIO 23.11 (VIH 4011 JIl.M aM24 427 1. 000 ♦1M7 MlHcellniicdiin croM-refiTcnccn. Delluf in fixed d.-Scanillnavlans.4t05 Depending on one, National d. .'iM.'i7 Impctidliig d. Nelson. Providence in national d. Sign of d. Mahomet. Turning-point of d.- Mankind. See KATE. Belief In f.-Mohammudans. 4H.'10 BHKl 5132 l.V)l ♦2100 Belief In f, -Napoleon I. 1M7 -Wm. P. of Orange. liO.Tl Sec I'KKDESTINATION. Belief in p.-Win. 1'. of Orange. ♦IIOI " *' " -Scandinavians. ^4405 Kxtrome view of p. 43H-I Timely p.-Before birth. 181.') Sec IMMi)KTAI.I'1;Y III loc. DKNTRITCTION. Dlfllcuit li. -Temple of Jupiter.^1.548 of Kmpire Kail of Knme. ♦l.MO Torriblo self d.-Cimbrians. ♦l.ViO of Art by Nero. " " In ruin of Paganism. " " by Puritans, vs. Construction-Mouse, followed by d. -Hannibal, of Life by architecture. " " In Crusades. " " " war-Attlla. ,1 I. II I. ^France. " Politics challenged-D. by " Self by Infiitualion I'ride. by Strife Blue and Green. " War-Ca'«ar's. " " -Provence. Sir AXNIIIILATtON. Death an a. -John Milton. See F.XTliUMI.NATIOX. War of e.-(iueon Anne's. 327, 329 ;«i ,'«0 3100 5818 332 32.')8 BK!)1) 5000 L. 88!) 2820 5072 5898 5043 by Porsecution-.Mblgenacs. of Soldlers-Nervil-Maubeuge. Si'O MAS.'^ACKE. Evidence of m.-Cru.sadors. General m. in war. Immense m -70,0(X) Romans, by Mob in Paris, of Patriots-Boston. Prevented-Jame.-)i,own, Va. Punished by m.-War. by Treachery-Thessalonica. Wholesale m -,300,000 people. Brutal m. by Caracalla. 3922 ♦1990 4123 2130 ♦.3513 ♦3514 ♦;i515 ♦3510 ♦3517 ♦3518 ♦3510 ♦3520 ♦3521 1333 of Cuptlv.'s by Franks. l.'l.'l* " chrlHtlanH UO.OtIO by Cbo«roes.,'l2l Depopulated by m. Bagdad. 1307 Drink itausi's ni. Indians. 20-10 Immense m. Tliiionr. SNtM " " liy t'a'Niir. 5181 Inoonslderate in. by Scythians. i;ill> liidlgniitiiiii expri'NNt'd ('. 4.''i30 Inhuman ni. of workmen Alarle.087 " " " Attlla.0S8 by I,uw LacedH'moiilan slaves. 1.305 " PersiMiutors <'atlioli() vs. P. 4l2.t Ireland ('. vs. P.4I.')2 Prevented by Infurnicr. 1000 of Protestants Duke (if GulHe-V.5(l8 -Ciiiii. by I'lus V. 58H Religious m. by CrusadtTS. 4705 " " of prisoners. lilOO " -Latins by Greeks. 1.303 Small beginning of m.-" S. V." 20 Terriblum "Sicilian VespiTH." 1340 I'nprdvoked -.lews by Apoll's. 6108 in War-Wailenstt'ln. 5884 " " -ParlM, A.I). 1418. 5885 .Si'e M.\S,SA<'UES. Religious French Itevolullon. 3.522 .Sic.^I.ArflllTKH. llarbaronss,-.')8,000Ciirth'g'n's.^5l80 ICxterininatings. of Germans. *5181 Atithorlz.t'd by .Ii'siilts. in Itiittle .\slaus " " -l(K),(KX)iit Fonti-nay. Si.- vandalism. of llcggars Kngland. clerical v. of Tlieodoslus. Depraved v. of Nero. Kunalical v. of Puritans. Sfi' CALAMITY (ii Iw. DirrAILS. Imporlaiiic of d .Military. Se,- TECII.NirALlTIEtJ. Strenuous for t. Lincoln. 1082 308 020 502 ,508 320 3;w •1551 ♦.5.541 Invalidating t Plymouth pat. 3150 " " JiiriHpnidence. 3985 SicTUlKLES. Effect of t. -battle. ♦.5715 Power of t. -Social life. ♦5716 Contentment with t.-Mon. Contests from t. -Stamp act. " " " -Roman Rev. Discussion of t. -Useless. Iraportan(!0 of seeming t. Magnified In government. Preserved by t. -Spider's web. DETECTIVE. Harmless d. -Robert Burns. -♦1.552 Stupid d. -Col. Jam'8'n-Andr6. ♦1.5.53 Useful d. -Cicero's. ♦15,54 11,50 506 507 1800 1,501 2459 2377 Cross-reference. Conniving d. -Robert Burns. See INKOKMEK. Dastardly I. -James Burton. Massacre prevented by I. See INKOKMEUS. Rejected by Vespasian. Bl&okmall paid to 1. ♦1072 2850 1006 ♦2845 2008 :| 818 TT I fi (rliulnutH for I Jeffrey* oourt. »H» DetuHted Am. Itovoliitlon. WW lleitrtluM l.-Joffnijr'N ttoiirt. •JHIM) InfAiiKiim 1. TItUH Oatem. fum Toolit of tyriimiy. ll*."ill H.uMl'Y. an lofniuoUai. Tompter. •sail DKTKN'TION— DIFFK rr.TIKS. Houlal it l.omburiN. *!»» Arrnntod-Mnjor Andr6. l(VM llonorod Aiidri' n nu^mnrlal. wijio HiiN|iicloii uruuUid by m., FuIho. Simo I'liitUipoaU'd N Alfred the U. MiM Si'c SI'IKS. KliHliaiwI by H. OhIi'iikoUim. 'MCM ShiktueleiM «. John I.ucko. *t)iM)ri VlotlniH of H. Thcodoni's. DKTKNTION. Si'O IIIM>HA.N('K 1(1 It'C. DBTRH.m NATION Assertod-'iSword hIiuII kIvh It.'' Kiiiphatlu d. Stoiio My ballot. Klxud d.-J»aii of Arc. ObMtinate d.-Hcotoh I'ri'Hb's. Straniro d. J((aii of Arc. for SuccoA" Will Ills Hpiir(<." Want of d. I'lilllp of I'Vam^o. Youthful d.-AUdblade8. lUi •IBftti •if.:.(i ♦isw ♦mtii •I5(i3 MUcplliiiicoiiH cro!*.'*.rpfort'Tu'eR. Ambitious d. of Alf.K. Hamilton. 18S RcHolute d. Author i> Worms. ISII sucoess by d -Wadsworth. Final d.-nubl(!on. LuukliiK d. -Charles I. IlaHtenlnK d.-PeaH Subdued by magnanimity. ai99 .See RESOLUTION. Success by r.-Am. patriots. *48I0 Moral r. of Luther. Success by r.-Oen. Fremont. Unsurpassed In r. I'izarro. Weakness of r., Moral. See IlEKO in loc. DETESTATION. Courage under d. -Cromwell. Public d. of Kutroplufl. Sec IIATREO in toe. 1093 IWiO 1008 5054 Mini .•lUiiooiin iroM-rcfoninroa. ofOeniiis Period*. V"tt07 Inventions by d. Sfcan* on)ilne.57;w Porfeotlon by d. Paradise Lost.^KiM Sr.. ATlll.Kllt:. Remarkable H.-ThrauluM. •888 Royal a.-llenry II. 'iisB Moral weakness of Mllo. HtrouK a. Father 4if .lefferson. " " -(Jeorije WashlnKtoii. S™ ATIIIKTES. Karly tralnluK of a rerslaii " " " " Spartans. Gdueatlon of a.-Ronian. Military a. -Komaii. Trained a. Roman Hnldlnrs. siv niKnx'iTY. Remarkable p. -James Watt. " " -Alex. Pope. Kdiii Jitlonal p.-S. Johnson, of (ieiiliis-Wllllain C. Hryant. • Juvenllti p. i)f Tliemlstooles. In .Mathematics. " " -Colburn. Remarkable p.-S. Johnson-8y Youthful p. of n. Franklin. Se TKAI.NINO for Greatness Alixaiid' Lack of t. -Military. Lastlnif t. -Walter 8(!oft. by ()be(llen(!e-SpBrtuiis. Physical t. R(jnians. Success without t.-Wm. of 0. for Munhood-Tbcmlatocles. Military t.- Importance of. MIsapplled-Emp. 1981 i8;w i;io 5853 DEVIi.. Casting out the d.-J. Uunyan. *1506 Ml»oollancn«» crnHs-rcfcronccd. Disturbance from d. resisted. 8506 Evidence of d. -Hun van's lieart.1084 Learned in Latin, (ireek and ll.l.')07 I'ossesved of d.-l-'anatlc. Realistic belief In d. Uunyan. 3081 1180 ii'.n 58;i: I Virginity debars tin I. DEV1L.K. Tosted-Boston danisi I. *1507 Si'o DEMONS. Ancestry by d. lliiiis. •i.'"i3l I>EV<»TION. Absolute Mohammedan d. *1508 Commendable d. of St. Aiub. *1509 Kntire d. of Up. Tliomas Coke.*1.570 Ministerial d. of Thomas Lee. •1.571 Self-sacrificing d. Bellsarlus. •l.')72 »1.503 1 Absolute d. of life •1^04 I to Anmsenient-AnKclus. I " Banner Mohammedan. 8843 3896 3507 llllnil .iMlyear. ♦1,578 Oveniome-Tlmour in India. *I579 -NapoleoTi I. -Alps. 'l.^SO Uemoved-Gordlum knot. 'ir^l Mlseellaneouft cros-s f* fereiice:*. Discouragement roliovcd. .3848 Ingenuity superior to d. 3846 Perseverance amid il • Mali't. ;18.(5 " " -Columb.4140 Stimulate Invention-Clocks. 3969 !ho DILEMMA. Decided by Marcia, *16i9 DKJNn AUIEH DlS.VI'l'OlNTMKNT. 8U» H«« HInDHANCK. of (MtluUm-A LtniMiln, OU offlulRl h. Koruct'a t'liliimtiiu. auuo rtm< IMI'OH.SlMII.ITtlCS. AocnnipllDhud iit hrldK*) <>r L. *liT6li M.„ OIIHTACI.KN. Ovemomo Uy iMirKBViTiiiKjii |( aii40 Set DKHPONIIKNCY, (iKTKRMINA TION, l)|,S('l)|;KA(lK.MKNr. HTKIKK itiHl TKIAl.H hi liii' DI»NI-rARIKN. Multlplltid VIruliilu Cdloiir. HH5 ♦IIWB ♦IftHT •mno ♦IWH) UlMcellani'diiH cro^H-refiTi'iicc's. AfTooUid d. ridiculed. Foolish d. of Xiirxt'H "Insulted, by Humiliation of enoniy. ilUHband's (l.-Wm. ol' oranKo. Inilexlblo d. -Count antlus. .Iu(lite»' d.- Athenliiii. Lack of d.-('ommo(luM. Maintained by refuwil (,". Offcnded-IIoiise of I'l't-rH. -Clarendon. In Polltlos-Tlionias Jefferson. Hee AUUdOANCE. AnHWered-(;harltm V. Childish a. -Xerxes Fetters-Sea. Insultluf; a. Attlla. " Charh'M V. Boastful a.-DtrtalMil the Turk. Clerical a. In politics. Lofty a. of Attlla. National a. RnKll!
  • MANI,INESS. in Abstinonce-Alexai 'ler. Admiration of m. l*om|-ey. " " -Louis IX. " for "-I'omponlus. by Adversity -Humphry Davy. Chi' itian m.-Gustavu9 XII. Destitate of m. -Cicero. l.'KMl ";wo 15i)l ;iH«H vol *:n9 *;«o *321 ♦3JS 3HI fm 49','fl ■sya 97 •1183 •1484 *S.'J87 2083 50(»5 381 il 3881 40fi(l 86 4174 4370 DlHparaiffd by p«riiRoulor8 Kii ouraKeriiunt to ni.-Luiliu I uabltttd MlrilNturl.il m ;il m.lnilinu fortitude. L I. k of m. UlsKracuful. '-Ntiro. Ministerial m. -Key H. .lliDNon. |-4IU in i'overty-Haniuul .loh imin. 4;U7 of I'rido HamiK^l Jolinx. -n. by Holf rellance-niack I'rinco stimulatad l)y rldlt iile VV'aiitin(( m. MarlborouKh. Youthful m. Prince of VValuf. Me* NOIIIMTV of AppeiiWHi'ie Numllur. 'IIHIS Honored .Slheuls Poriipcy •lii.ti Patriotic! n. .Sylla. •,)«8i) ItoeoKnlzed Louis IX. *.'I881 III! 1. 1 2111) IH'.\ 118.') 18^8 IIIH 4319 15)10 4«nj 18 H 183T In Almlln«nop~Alexi)Mder. of Ancestry (Icsplst'il Nap. S.K IIO.NOIIS inluf. DILKiniTIA. Decided by Marcla DI.MNKR. Bad d. hrUiKH III humoi s. J, BOIO 3008 '1591 'l,M« MI«i:cll»ni'ouii crosa-rofiTcnccH. Korifotten d. -Isaac Newton. 80 Waiting d.-Samucl .lolumon. *l.'i93 Sn' l-'KAST uiiil Tool) In loc. DIPLO.TIACV. Kffcct 05 of Kalsehood KllZdlulli. •1690 (Jame of d. -< 'oiiceiiliiieiit. *1597 Inscrutable d. UlHinarck. •l.'J98 Itcvenneful d. P'rcnch. *1,')»9 Trained tod. -J. (^ Adams. ♦l«(K) '-"Dlck"Talbot.0038 Intriguer, not a s. -Sunderland. 8'.i'''7 Unsucce.ssful s. TaUnted-B. 83W Sff .STATE.>. Contemptible s. -Napoleon III.*5;i')3 Koollsh 8. -James II. *.')33J Niitionnls.-Win.theCoiuiu'r'r */>.'f.'l.") Kulnous s. -Spaniards. *M.'iG Blunder of s.-TaxInR Colonics. 2406 luiHlfinatlon addressed in .«. 8740 Masterly a. -Cromwell. 831:! Results of s.-Cromwell. 8387 Scandalous g.-Brltlsh. 5001 Wise s. of Jeflferson. 3929 Woman's s.-Queon Caroline. 8083 Ml."*' f'ilant;ou9 1 1 -(h refiTcncc!* Art of d.-Coni-umni Me-Nap. Deoelt In d. -Napoleon " of " Wm. PHI. Deception of d. -Henry VIII. Dejfradliiir d. nf Charles II. Dexterous d. -Philip. Distinguished in d. Double-deallnK in d. Cliiis. II. KnerKeti(! d Successful. Treachery of d.-Knullsh. Unfitness for d. -J Adams, .See STATKS.MAN. Daniferous s.-Chas. Townsend.*5;iSl DeRtuiei acy of Knidlsh s. ♦.'kl.W • 2(193 •MW 471H VV) lt>!l 18H7 l.V.M r.789 .'1714 17.18 8894 UlHI<:<'TIOIXM. ('rim.H ti f> 'fiice. 1 Isretfurdeil by (lei, Jackson. 8773 UIRIMTNKS!!. ConiBianded Kussinn U. It •ItlOl <'rii«» ri'liTuliCp. In Attack "(Jo at them " mm .H,., l)KKVll^ Kan\ousb. <'a'»ar •059 DINAlJlll^KinKNT. Crotw rrf> ffnce. of PhyslclaiiN of tharlcM H. U71 Sei' A.N'I'AOn.M.sM. Natuiwl a.-Proiesiant iiml c I 24.1 In Personal character M. L 761 -tiueen K. 7«:i Unnatural a.-Kalher-Son KHU >-.••■ ANTH A 1 IIY. Uttoe a. of Irish in Inland •248 S.-,. Drl'I'KKKNc^E.-^. Sectarian d. Persliin Turk. 5070 " " maunltled. 6071 .". ► DIStrNION Weakness of d- Johnson. *um Si'o iPlVyjlSITY. of Interests in "odety. •1690 In Social llfe-Na|i iind peasant. 187 .See DIVISION, Ol'I'OSITlu.V mid STllll'H in tor. DISAPHOI^'rmKNT. BItterd. InvuMlor's-lt. Iultou.^l60a Fatal d. (.'icero. ♦KMW in Life- Fountain of yciuth. •1007 Overruled (ieorK<^ MdUer. ♦1004 Trial by d. ri>lumbus. •lOO,') with VIclory-Klchard I. 'lOOO MlBcellanedUii oriisn-refertncen. Delight in oflllce K.inperor Max. IH3 Expecitatlons In relltflon-L'th'r's.ri;) In Llf«. -Cicero. 1003 " Love BllKhtcd Isaac Newton. l(W " " -Miss I'erronet. 'iTiM Lover's d.-Kxlle-Kiiselusko. 3841 " " -David (To. kett. 8.138 Muflnv from d.-Colui! 'US. 3758 of I'arental affection Henry II. 4005 Revenged foolishly by Xerxes. 380 Violence from d.-En(f. Monks. 217 .See DEKKA T. HetfinnlnR wlthd Lincoln. •1488 BrlUiaril d. Nap' leon-W. ♦1489 Concealed d -Samuel ■lohn.soii.*l490 Difficult d.-Ca'sar. *Ij91 Insplrlnifd. -Bunker Hill. •1498 Instruclidfi by d. Peter I ' ■■ (i.^lWl MortlHcation of d. -Montcalm. M494 Overwhelm Intf d.-Mos" ow. *M95 Service of d.-Bull Hun. ♦14!m BcKlnnlnK with d Am. Rev. Despair liy d Am. Kevopilion Embittered by d. John Adams. p;xenii>t from d. -Cromwell. Fatal d.-IIora<;e Greeley. Honor In d. -Persians at Petra Humiliation by d. Romans, Impossible d.-Col. Moultrie's. MortlfyinKd. -Henry clay. " of Charles I. StlnRlnK d. -Persians by B. rjHHi l.Ml 4*11 311 4881 64.J 2008 050 4247 6i4 820 Nm rAII.I'UE. it()|Cl>>l>l>>K with f. Doilioit. CttilNai (>r r. KInit I nlilo. I>l«uiiiirat(u>ii**»i by f. Up. Mo nt Klmt Krotltirlok the Ornut hy Iii(!oinpuUtiiitO'liiv'N'nfn f .- I)< Mi^K. )»m Mortlflciillonor r. .laiiii'Hil. »71U MortlfyliiK f. ('nimicliTH. KlOtl III Oratory WaibliiKton IrvliiK MUno l(ui>iitiilli>n for r. nibultii. '4771 I(utrl<*v«(l-Uurk)i'N Rpi'vcb. 40 Huaoomi a f., Apparent. MOiiJ aftttr r Orant. Mil Vanity (lauHos r.-Tlinotbein. Sitl.'l In War Kl«ht Ynars". (HXMI " " -Htivon Yoarn'. titW Hio KAII.IIKK.S. MiMiiMiloritood r'nivUIuiitlal. *S()30 111 I'rofeHHlonN OolilHiiilth'H. •'Mm Ktirinouiititd-Atlantio cable. •2031 In Life Oliver (Jolilsmlth'H. •2080 Het- DISCDI'UAdKMKNT (ri Joe. DINANTKR. Coiimalpd d.-(Ji'iii'riil Nash. •IBOH Kiiorfcy by d. Hoiiians. ♦lOOl) DlitrcsHliiK national d.-St. Clair. Be Nil- MISFOKTI'.NK. Born torn, clmrlfs I. •3688 CrutUty with in. -Am. Indians. *!)0'J9 Fellowship Inm.-r.. Ho-rp'rto.*30;lO Ovorrul«d-011vir Ooldimltli. •3081 Buslnes.s ni. ovornilud. 80(10 Comfort In ra, Mahoinot lives. 15(18 Court ed-lluttle of Fr'd'cksb'rK.RSOO Exaspt^rallon In m. feared. 1807 Greatne.sB In m. -Cornelia. 0078 " Hliown In m.-Cii)sar. 1401 n<'<'dIessiioH.s brlnijs m. SB4U Insulted In in. James H. 8005 lnterprnt(^d by coimclunoo. 1100 Mitljfuled by conrtosy. 1800 Multiplied Melancholy by m. 3550 National m. Armada falls. 8088 Overwhelmed, Suddonly-A. 3106 Hevorsod by taet-Slave. 33 Solace In m.. Music a. 3748 Wealth by others' m.-Crassus. 083 .See MISKOKTIINES. Effect of m.-Fred. the Great. •3039 See ADVKK.slTY, CALAMITY uuil DEFEAT 1)1 loc. dischakue:. Honored d.-Lord Kochester. *1010 318 317 MI»ccllttncou9 crnss-referencea Pretence ford, of Protestants. Sectarian d. of soldlers-Jas. 11 .See DI.SMIS.SAL. llumlllatlnjfd. of (,'astlcmalne.^lOOl DISOIPLESHIP. Honor of d.-Constantlne. •1611 DIS.V.STKH-DIHCOVKHY. UIM'IPiaiMtlllAN. Valued Huron Nleubnn Uuv. *IIII'J DIM II'MNK. Failure of d Komanii *IHI.') ()'niit'Hiln'«*rrar.»l(iH ImpoHslbli) KnlKtl of (;hM. II. •1015 Military d lltdlNarluii. *inin " Aur»)ll»n. •1017 Kesonted by (Jothx Athalurlo. *I01S Btivero d. Ill Koniuii army. •1010 " " of boy Henry VI. •1(180 " -Oliver ("nmiwell. •1081 Value of reno»i. Abandoned-Uotreat of Nap. 1405 CiiliiinesH by d. Napoli>on. 000 DoMlruc'tlve d. of .1. Howard. 411 lllfllcult ( hlld Fredorl<:lc II. 5758 FffwitlveiieMs of chrlHtliin d, (1. a'll Knforeeinent of d. Alexander. 8IIM I'roolse il. of child. 407H I'resorv(!d by promptness. 4.507 by UelJKlouM tralnliiK t'romwell.HlW HellKloiis d. relaxed ("nst'nt'lie.tWO In H(diiiol diminished. Self d. -Charles \ II. Hovoro d. of monks. H.ddlers G. XII. Severity In School d. Luther. Severity of military d. Success by d. Greek navy I'. S,.,. CIIA.HTIHEMENT. of children H(!our({e. Ineffective c. -Wordsworth. Humiliating c. (ioldsmlth's. Morality Improved by c. Passionate c. deplored. Moral effect of o. Salem witch. Sec CAI.MWESS. Christian c. J. W<'sley-Mob. of Discipline -Napoleon. Kxasperatlnjc c. -Socrates. 5080 1840 8H47 4174 ir'.i.'! 5181 Olio ♦7HI 1088 81101 ;i711 4010 815 •008 ♦i;»» •700 Conquered by c.-Mob. ia;)l In Death-Monmouth. 1418 " " -Strafford. 1407 " " -Socrates. 1451 Faith produces o. -Storm. 8111 of (!ciiliis-Arln(f. 81.50 In a Tumult Thomas Lee. 1571 See COMI'OStTKE. before Execution ArgyUi. 58(» Uomarkablo c. -Alexander. 53,50 See KL()(10IN(}. Comfort under f.-Chrlstlan. •81,50 Excessive f.-Tltus Oatcs. ♦3100 Brutality In f.-.Ieffroys's. 2808 Common-Servants-Ch. -Wives. 8H0O Triple f.-Real and false. 27,54 .See SELF-COMMAND. against Fear-Wllllam III. ♦,5088 See SELF-CONTUtn,. Remarkable s.-c.-Uuke Fred. •5063 Abaii loiiiid *'. -I Kox. 5MW In Kxcltnmmit G. WaihlDRton. iHoff Power ovnr ol born by ■. c. iMtn Hliiep at will Napoleon I. .580n In HuppremilnK liidlKiiatloii. 5ilO.'t " •' rent'lllmelit JHO-I Weakiicsi* In M.-o. i^onfeNsed. r*mi M»i' SKI.FI'OKSKMHION. Uravn Admiral \^< Fort. •.5001 He« KDI'i.'ATlD.N In too. DimoiMTKNT. Crinw r.TereiHM. by OIK' "uraKcment Am p'tr'tii.l08M uiNroiiu. Danio^ri of d. stale. *I084 Pervi>rt((d by d.-Crutaders. •1085 Shameful d.-Koman BniperorM.*1080 Mlwellnneiiua en>iiji'r»r*r«nceii. Popular factions Blue-Green. 070 UellKlouN d. of paKanR. 4007 from Want Kamlne. 8070 Sou DI.SAdUKKMKNT uiid .STItlKK in lm\ DIN d. S. Adams. *I08U MUrellnneoiii* erof^^-refereiiees at lleKlnnlnK-Pllk'Hms. by Dlsappolntineiit-IIenry II. " DIst.'oi'd of Scottish nobles. " Failure Doinosthones. " " -lip. McKeudrec. " Frlenils Luther's. Inventor's d. James Watts. " " Kilns Howe. Overoimio by d. Cable. " " Kenlus. Porsovoranco In d. Mahomet. Hemoved by dreara-N. ManKs. by Sh^kness and death Pllurlms. 0,57 Son of Napoleon-Illrth Death. ,507 Superior to d.-Tlmour the T. 8& " " Sir Walter Scott. 01 Undeterred by d. Lafayette. 6188 See DE.IErTIDN. Mental d. of Wm. Pitt. ^1515 50'l 4(H)5 ;k)0 8081 i083 8'J80 8075 4341 3031 .'1318 ;i84n 3840 Hail weather brinics d. IMO by Ileroavement-Southey. 5,56 Sec DESPONDENCY uml DISAP- POINTMENT 1/1 (or. DISOOUHAUICITIKNTN. Ministerial d. -Mahomet's, ♦Id.lO DISCO VKItIK»il. Accumulative d.-I. Newton. ♦1031 Mlflcelluiieous eroMS- references. Arts, In Useful-Davy. 3800 In Astronomy by (iallloo. 8781 by MIsslonarles-CathollcB. .30.35 Periods of d. :»80 " " "-PortuRueso. 8863 DISrOVERV. Age of d.-Gallleo. *I038 Ambition for d.-Prlnce Henry.+I033 Heart-breaklnK d.-In(frate s. ♦1034 Simple d.-Ooodyear-Rubber. •103^ Unappreciated d. -Potato. *1636 DIH('IIETI()N-|)|H(JUA( i; MlnrollitiKiiiit i!r>iu ri>f«r«noM, Ageoril.-A o. lt(V^I5U. 010 Alurnilnuil.-KlgliitlriKhlarntlt'r.tiliVI Urilllittit (I Aiiiiiillon by. IM7I OhrlNllanltv promtiUd.-Corb'i. ail mH 1071 («>7 77 B7W» 87H7 Co-oporatlniii Im d.-Nowton, Ex(sittmi*wil tr^^mA. dold-t'. (iM>rHVlliill'>n, r.i»w-Niiwr«in. Oritateiit it tnado bjr mliid II. Joy (ltd li^lllni). ruKHUm lor d. Nir Will Parry, lilKlit l)y il 'I'rciuare. Title hy d liml. not lltlll/,«id <'lilticOTa OrUUof I. KlliiH Howe. •a07l niicoiiraKianont In I. .r. Watt.•WT.^ Kiilliirtiof 1. Oco, WiiHhInKton.'airfl (ioiitUH for y A. Miu'olii. *',1)77 -CliliioHH. •lfl»7H " " .JiitncH Watt. ♦•,•(«!) Ornat l.-8pliinln»f iniifdiliio. •«()«) Orowth of l.-Mimy mindn. *!ii>H\ rrcNorvatlon by I. Orock tiro, ♦aiwj Havud by I. tlm Htiito. *'i\m I'sefill I. -Chiiuncry Joromc. ♦'.'1»HI " "-IMt-lron. •i.W.'i In Youth ('rompton'H "mulo."*!fl»H() Arohltdiitural l.-Mniltod. WJ
  • idiii4 for l.-Orook.s. Uh;) MlHoritdlted Tolo8i!opo8 by U. Il.(!l»7 I'rotocllon by l.-ArcdilinedoH. ;n.'l I'napplltid-Chlnosc Mii({notlcn. a7.T Victory t)y I. of (Winnon. .ViO Want spurs l.-Wnapons Tools. 387 VS. Difficulties AuKUstuH. ♦SHIO Practical l.-llonj. Franklin. •aHI7 of Savau'os Hatchets. 'SHIH Success by I. -Columbus. ♦8849 Boyish I. -Isaac Nowton. 042 Female 1. -Silk- woavlnt?. 0070 i'<'IUiii'>iii« iriiiw ri'riircncfil, Aiirnttinnnt Itid. ii«c'Hii'ry C. II. 8011 Candor In d KiM^hmlastlcal 7i)n Inipiirtanco of d. Stamp Act. 8191 KoprxiiNiMl by (lov't, KitllKlou*d.rt7:i Hupprt*SH«it AutlKirM punJHliod. litMO DltlCUOtfllONII. MlncKllikiiKiiiii) uriiM r>'l«r third A. ♦1*18 "Literary" I.clK'h Hunt. ♦imi) t'ecullarUlcsof d. W. Scott. ♦llHO Preventable Crmiiwell. ♦1(111 I'rotectlon from l''l Survival of d. Walter Hcott. ♦Kill MiiCi'lliini'ijiin enmH-referunces. niemlshed by d. SiTofuIa. 2017 ( Ivllfxatlon diminishes d. SKlll Cli'anllnesH prevents d.-W. t'M ContaKlousd. Death of Howard. .MH Contracted from nurse. 187'.> Corrective liujazet-dout. (Ill Delusion from fever. l.')20 DcHtrucllve, vontaKlous d. 471 Folly of knowledRc Aristotle. 2020 Filth *. Cured l)y gifts England. FrleiiiU In h. s Johnson. Information In s. ArUtotle. Saintly M. ,I. W. Fletcher. an Apology for weakness. D*mevolonce In time of s II. " " s, Perilous c. Blessing In h. Pascal, by Disappointment. Feigned liy Demosthenes II. l''rlend Iti s. Saniuvl Jolinson. lilfiN cure s. Helpful friend in s. Wm. III. Improvement by s.- Luther's. Invited English prisons. Lal>or in s. Ilaida. Love-s. fatal. " " siielley. " developed in marriage. U(!ci>very l)y resolullon. Itefornuiilon in s.-.Vhstln'oeof w. It) HW'l ♦4190 um INNH l'JH.I ♦MilH ♦ni'W •ni.'io •,■.1.1 1 1211 •MH IIM 4;i;),-> illlNI •IVJ f.l21l ,'.128 2-,».';i illll 41114 lll.'iO ».'l II) ;i.'i,'i() 34 1.-1 mi ir.rti 109:1 .',Ht;:i i:ii8 Kest.IuMoti niaiumhus. ♦I1H8 MIsetillaneouH crr)ss references. Anger of d., Ti'rrirying. 12f.7 Augmented by per.xevernnce. 2777 Iinindi>d on tlie cheek -Women .'.791 Itreaklng caste India, of Cowardice-'AVhite featiier. -" Little King." -Daniel Scott. i''earofd. Controlled by. Humiliating d.-Foot on neck. IridllTerenco to d.-Hotliwell. Keraovod- Persecution. S(!lf7 3084 Base I. to dust of Ad. Blnke. lOW ilumlllutliiKl. Captive Bajazet.yooi •he Howard of presumption. 44'14 S,i. INJ'A.MV. J'osthumous I. -Emperor a. ♦B8I0 Stain of 1., Ma.s8acro-Gen. J'. *d817 by Assasslnal Ion-Booth. 373 C'onsplcu ^us for l.-Commodus. 5743 Deserved I. -Titus Gates. Exposed-Spartan bachelors. Immortal I. of .leffreys. for Money-Charles II. Overlooked -I'ompadour. itenown of l.-Erostratus. Kemembranee of l.-"Bollman, Ueward of '.-Assupsln. See M(jHTIF1('ATI()N. by Failure -C'asi!"nialne. llaleful m. -James II. of Defeat-Montcnlm. by " -Horace (ireeley. In Dlsappointni, nt-IIenry III. of I'ridcOliver (Joldsmlth's. 4Mr, 440 2803 4088 3712 4703 "1304 a053 ♦3719 ♦3720 1404 4281 1011 2203 " 44,')3 " 445,5 Sec ODIt'M. Accidental o.-Ear; of Wtr'fford. ♦3800 Braved by J. Adams. ♦asoi See SIIAMK. Consummate s. -Ferdinand. *512r> Burdens life-Martyr Huss. '".Wi by Drink-OfQclals. 2047 Horedity of s.- Ferdinand. 2000 Indifference to.".-C'mmon vice. 32(3 Indifferent to s. -Charles II. ;j470 for Intrratltude-Thebans. 28.")5 luHcii^ible to s. -Henry VIII. 458 " " -Fi '.rsham. 4002 Life (if s. overlooked. 3177 I>Iatloiial s.-EnK.-Reiirii of E. III. 87 Overwhelming s.-Boman arniy.20()2 '■ Traitor. 2705 Punishment by s.-Alexander. 2148 Vice without s.-Noblllty. 05 of Woman ovirlooked. 3712 See DISIKI.NOIl ;iti(l SLAXDEU in loc. Cniss-refereiice-s. Bet.rayed-ex-(iueen Mary. *1040 Clerical d.-John Banyan. *10.50 Dangerous d -Loiigchamp. *1651 Deteoted-Clodius Pulcher. *ie,53 Difflcult-Flight of Charles L *lfi,53 Successful d.-Emp. Majorlan. ♦lOSl ' Miscellaneous <'r./»srefer«iiceii. Adversity a blessing In d. 4.'i3l Dimcult-Ulchanl I. 1473 for Evil deeds- I'olltlcE-Brlbery. 002 Ineffective d.-Ulcliard II. 4014 "-Jeffreys. 4843 i.n .MasIsSKMHLI\(i. Successful d. of Faustina. *1075 Unsuccessful d. of Charles I. *1076 of Melancholy- Young. 1070 in Speech- Romans. .5202 .-^ee DISSIMULATION. Dangers of d. -Charles I. *1077 Politic (1. of oourtlcrs. »\tuH rolltical d. -Newcastle. ^1070 " "-Turks. ♦1080 Bellglous d. -Emperor Julian, ♦lliSl lioyal d.-(;eorge III. *lt;S2 See AFl' .('TATION and IMl'OS- TOli in he. DISGUST. Cnisn refcrenee. Popular (l.-"Uump'' P'vl'm'nt. 2442 DIfiiHONESTV. (lenenil d.-Hcigii of James II.*10.55 See l.\SI.\CEKITV. Blemish of i. -I'.-esar. »288G of Jesults-Dlssembllng. ^2887 In Politics-Newcastle. Political 1. -James II. Keaotion of I. -Charles I. Kepels 1070 4a,'->8 1070 1077 2041 assistance. See PKCKI'TION in loc. DISHONOR. Insensible to d. -Princes of Sp.*l(i,')C Posthumous d. -Ad lilako. '1057 Kecompeiiseil-Ciccro's retur'i.^llJ58 *14,S7 Miscellaneous cros:'-refcrcnces. Disguised In politics. 002 Posthumous d.-Cr'mwell's body.0,S5 Keward of d.-B|). Hall aband'ncd 2 Vices bring d.-Erap. Elagiibalus.OCO See KFFAMATION. Punlshcd-Titus Oates. Sec DISI'AKAOEMENT Intellectual d.-O. Goldsmith .-ee DEPRECIATION. Financial d. -Plymouth I'ol. Foolisli d. of Martin Luther. See mSTKI'.ST. Prudential d. of I'ertii ax. See INSOLENCE. Consummate I. -Jeffreys. Fcclestasttcal l.-Oreg(jry VIL *28K0 Official I. of Jam(>s H. *2«!»0 Resented 1. of Darlun. *280! * 100-1 ♦15.34 ♦1.535 105 ♦2888 Aggravating I -A. Lincoln. ,531 In Defeat-Roman Emperor, 2107 Papal I, to Henry VI. 200,'? Patriotic I. -Am. Revolution. 49,M I'nresented by Philip, 5207 " " Anytus, 480-1 " -Patrldt.K, 4H13 Victim of l.-Columbu,s, 1048 War occasioned by I. 1021 See KEI'liOACH. Escape from r. Napoleon I. ^4777 Gentle r. -Anaxiigoras. •477H Arou-d'd by r. Ilrutu.i. .300 Bribery of l)en\osth«nes. 072 Desperation from r.-ValenK. 913 Irritating r. Johnson by Ml88 S. 215 Life saved in r, l'J38 Mutual r.-James II. 1110 Nobly received-Alexander. 4031 for I'uslllanlmlty-Jiistlnian. 1238 Sec CUNTK.MI'T. DISOIIACH ami llfSfl.T iu lin: »1KMKK. Natural d.-Ciueen Mary. *1050 See ANTIPATHY. Race a. of Irish In Ireland. ^243 See ANIMOSITY. Fraternal a -Caracalla and O. *230 of Ignorance-National. *240 I'nrcasonable, Autl Catho'io a. *2ll See ANOKU am! IIATHK* in /<*(.'. DIKLOVALTY. Dctested-HevoliUionary War. *1060 Cros.s-refcreuce. Reparation for d.-Am. Rev. See INS1;KUE('TI0H. Suppressed l.-Am. RevoIutioM See .MUTINY. Courage against ra. -Caesar. Cruel m. -Henry Hudson, by Disappointment-Columbus. Reform by m. -British uavy. of Sailors-BrP'sh navy. 4707 . n::) ♦3750 ♦3757 ♦37.58 ♦3759 ♦37W) Quelled by General Jacksom. 1003 S,Hil()r9' m. -Columbus. 1040 I'nparalleled m.-GcoUlsh s'ld'rM.30O I Sec HKHELLION. Constructive r.-Maxlmllian. ^4025 Prevented r. -Scotland. *4020 Small r.-Rhode Island. *40'; Soap r.-England. ^4028 Whiskey r.-Pennsylvania. *4020 of Army against bad food. Catholic r. In Maryland. Causes of r.-Confederacy. Disgrace from r.-Cla;'(ai(l(iB. F(jrced to r.-Parl. by James II. Forfeiture of p. by r. Hostility to r.-Pompey. Incipient r. Am. Revolution. " " -Bo.ston Tea Party, from Insult-Persians. Sin of r. tauglit. of Slaves-Romans. Soap r.-Women. against Tyranny-Jacquerie. Vengeance aft(.'r r.-Peter- 1003 5012 5888 1.537 ;!8.53 430 •■ITT :&>:> 3,520 2900 3824 .5200 0131 5737 287S DLSMISSAL-DISTIXCriON. H'^n Soi' HEIIKKS, Punished with Monmuiitb. " " TomiiBln. Denounoetl as r. falsely Ind's. 4331 Hee TKAITUIi. Political t.-Mr. Husko. ♦r>074 PuiilMhcd by niotlit'r. ♦fiiiTr) Hhaiuelcsa t.-Suiidorland. *5«i7(J Indl/?nutl()n toward t.- Am. Kcv.aror) Infamy of t.-Narao changed. 3T('>I for UovenKo-Coriolanus. 0101 Bee TKKACUKKY. Base t.-?hlllp VI. ♦.'ifiilO (.'onHiimmate t.-CharlcRlI. *M'.ll (Jold for t. -Benedict Arnold. *.">(i!ia Message of t.-Emp". Alexaudor.*5C03 IITH a2.»3 28,52 285V 3202 113(i 3724 2a50 ■'3.520 Conquest by t.-Sextus over G. 42 in Court-Criminal. Diplomatic t.-Kngllsh. Uisgulsed-Civsar's assassins. " -l<>iendshlp. of Prlend-Hrutu8 vs. Cresar. " " -B'rantils Bacon. Friendship's t.-I)ick Talbot. Infamous t.-.\ni. IJevolutloa. ' " -I'ausanias. Ingrate's t. -Burton. Maisacre by t. National t.-BUigland to France. 980 OfHoe by t.-Etooclcs, 3884 Official t. to Columbus. »390() Proof against t.-BBlisarlus. 8128 "-Patriot. 4008 Proposal of t. rebuked. 407.5 Proverbial-" Word of a king." 8041 Shameful t.-Agathocles. 153S Thwarted by exposure. 3.518 Umpire's t. -Edward I. 5740 Hoc TRK.^SON. Cry of t. I'atrlck Henry. Defined- England. Incipient t.-War of 1812. Punishment of t.-Homans. Ketribution of t.-Uomans. Atrocious crime of t. a Pretext f058 ♦2059 ♦2000 189 2307 \h 824 DISTRESS— DIVISION. hi m Dlintiiutioit of f. a470 DlmlnlsbliiK f.-Tblrty authors. 3)104 lucreaBlnif posthumous— Uurns.aiHl Literature uecesmiry to f. a31 1 Morlted-Krederlck H. 5H08 Misappropriated f . -( 'harle.-, Lee. 4789 Monuments of f.-I'yramlds. 2305 NeRleet followed hy f. 3270 Omission of f.-T. Cromwell. 2580 I'lissiou for f.-Themlstocles. 189 ' -Kred. the (ireat. 208 without Popularlty-II. Clay. 1310 Toll for f.-VirK'il. 2;iU Undesirable f. shame. (5003 Wide-extenrte( f . of Wash. 3081 Sou CiKKATNE.s.S. Hlot on Dryden's >;. ♦2409 iJurdensonie g.-O. Cromwell. ♦2170 Burled k.- Alexander. ^2471 by Contrast Charliimnnne. ♦2172 Downfallof jj. Columbus. ^2473 Dieam of p. -Cromwell. ♦2471 Enpar.4312 Vanity with p. Klizabeth. 5775 Siu INK.VMY. Posthumous i. of Emperor C. ♦2816 Stain of 1. -Massacre-Gen. P. ^2817 by Assassination-.I. W. Booth. 373 Conspicuous for i.-Commodus. 5713 Desp-ved by Titus Oatos. 4.505 Exposed to i. -Spartan bachelors. 440 Immortal i. of Jeffreys. 2802 for Money-Charles II. Overlooked-Poinpadour. UemembranccMif i.-" Bollman. Kenown of l.-Krostratus. Reward of I. .Assassins. Sec MKIIIT. Evidence of ra. -Promotion. Force of m.-Poet Terence. I((norance of m. -Saracens. Nobility by m. -Napoleon I. Partial m. -Samuel .Johnson. Pr< motion by m.-Antflo-Sax. Sup'smacy of m. N'upoleon I. 4088 3712 "13<)4 47(a 2052 ♦;i5N9 ♦3590 *35U1 ♦3592 ♦3593 ♦3594 ♦3595 VS. Adulation Atheidans. 5337 Borrowed m. eliai'Ked-Raphnel. 445 Combined m. of Raphael. 440 Crown of m. Romans. 13'25 Kucouragement to m. -Crown. 13','4 llonors without m. 39i;3 " for III.-" Win spurs." 2030 Less than money. 3071 Mediocre ni. despised by Shelley. 197 vs. M(Tlt-Aloez. 3074 Nobility of m. Sentimental. 1917 Overk" '.ed-.Iohn Adsims. 4311 Persecuted by inferiors. 20.'ir, Precedence of m., Small. 41398 Promotion by m. Cn ..ell. 1512 " " " Spartans. 1822 Recognition of m. by Timcur. 1.307 Respect for m. -School. 4891 Rewarded vs. Rank. 503') Royalty of m. -Cromwell. 2320 of Saints Transferred by pope. Ill Success by m.-" v'> in hisspurs.'TiOO " " " -A. .lohns ;n. Test of m.- Fight-tVcrbern i. Woiren, Four perfect. See I'Uia'KUKNCE. Infinitesimal p. -S. John: 'J . '.Quarrels for p.-.\inl)a8sadors. " " "-Greek' Valued ^'iisHr. 5-110 3338 00,0 '4.398 ♦4399 ♦4^00 ♦4101 Declined by woun/nd Nelson. (iuarded-Napoleon vs. Pope. Ludicrous regard f(>r i).-(;ourt (Quarrel fur p. -Louis \1V. Seol'HlvK.Mi:>KN('r:. Surpassing p. Ge(> Witsldugti toe. DISTRKSS. Ml»cell:iire,,u.H eriisa references. Abstinence In d. 3063 .Amasemcmt followed by d. 28 Public d. utilized for gain. 683 See AMiT'lSii, PAIN and TOIl- TUKK in lot: DIJSTRITST. Concealed- Romans. See SI'S1'I(!K)N in Iw. DISUNION. Weakness of d. ,JohnsI7 4L'04 ^'76 vm 41()X! ■■ira 3«.S'.> 070 *4018 <'onfes«ed in.iudieiously-Andre. 1043 Controlled by p. 41(5;) See SKI'AKATIiiN. Necessary-Army of James II. 315 Punishment by s.-Adulterers. ti4 Safety by s.-Early (iermans. 3000 See CASTK, DISCOUD, IIATKED and STlvIFK in Luc. DIVOHCE. Advocated-Jolm Milton. ♦1098 Agonizing d. -Nap. -Josephine. ♦10',)!) Causes of d. -Confucius. •1700 Conveuleut d.-Carinus. ♦17ul Demoralized by d. -Romans. •170^> Disallowed-N. K. Puritans. *1703 I First Roman d.Carvilius. *1704 of Mothers-American Indlans.*1705 Mine Onesided d. Roman. *170(; Permissible- Roman law. *1707 Regulated Kmp ror Augustus.* 1708 Views of d. Re oiiners. *1709 ' DONATION. rrii.sMrelerenei'. National d. of Caiuians to R, See (;i:.m;k()si'i'v ,» i,„;. DOUBT. Expressed-Marelus Crassus. Philosophic d. Academics. b-ib 172 ♦1713 *ITI3 hiJiriius eross references. MUcellaneous croas-referciicon. Adultery confessed for d. 2188 Anguish by d. of Joseplilne. lill Chosen l)y both, permissible. .'il'.iO Conmianiled-Deelliied. 27s8 Common Roman Empire. ;!i:::) by Corruption of pope Alex. VI. i;70 fnun FaLsc union-llcnry VIU. ,'JIM I'car of a d. by Josephine, 178 of Innocent one-Miihomel. 'iiVi I.oo.^eiiess in d. -Romans. ;!li;o Marriage before d.-A. Jaelisou.ai.v! -Misdirection of d.-Mahuiuel. i;3 I'retext for d. -Henry VUl. dOtiy " " Peter III. r,()U!) Required without eause. ."in; " by superstition. ."l.',5 Rival a[iplicatioiis ford. imv.\ Suspici(m requires d. -Caesar. 194L' Unknown for 520 years. 34d'J See niSCDVKKY. DOCTRINES. ('rns».refc>reiice. Zeal ford Wm. P of Orange. 4l(il 2032 56!) 41,-,5 ♦1714 *Ii;87 Mlscelhmeous cmss-references Confusion in d. -Union of all. Erratic d. of Milton. Mixed d. -Gnostics-Christians. Perverted-Early Christians. vs. Preferments- Arralnians. Tested by fire-Sectaries d. See OKTlIODU.Xy. Blue o.-" Blue " and " Green." Denied for Office. See CREKDS, HKUETR'S, PK SECUTIOX anil TIIEOL- iXiY ill lor. DOG. Miscellaneous crosr-referenees. Combat with d. Cerberus. Fidelity of soldier's d. Misused d., Alclbiadcs'. 1937 3!)22 1937 1932 4308 2087 970 a'iOO 3.3,'38 3578 ]30e DOGS. Miscelliineons cniss-referenccs. Martyred by d -Nero's-per't'n. 1358 Provision for d. Cyrus. Serviceable-Shepherd's d. DOn.lIN. *'ros--retV'feiiCl'. Purchase of d. -Louisiana. 4285 2.38 1078 Dishonors God Bunyan. Temptation l.. d. Munyun. Wavering beiruys doubi. I»Ol IITS. Overcome by inner voice. See lUSTlirsT. C'l.nceiileil (I. Uomaiis. S,- LNiKEIil-LITY. of I''rieiiils Muhoniut's family. 0201 Popuiai- I. l;iil,erl Fulton. g:)iiij .•-le ^^■.'il'I(■I(l.\. Above s.-5WI ♦5:.Mr *xm ♦55H!t ♦55110 ■I.) 103 341 lM(i 4533 *,").V.II *5,5!t:J ♦17-Jl ♦nx'3 Sinful d.-Joan of Arc. Mlso-Uaru'oiia criiss-referenci Discovery by d. -Relics. Kncouragcd by d. -Minister. Knoourafrement by a d. of lleaven-MahonjPt's vi«it. Influeiiti"! d. -Edmund Uicli. Instruc ion by a d.-Alexandf Punislied for a d. Death. Heproof in d. -Friar. Susi,.(.ion awakened by a d. DREA^TIS. Verified d.-Kich'd Huardraan \'isi()nary d. -Napoleon I. 4Cri ;«4(1 3705 awi 3180 r 1514 1J8MI 3304 3533 .♦1734 ♦1735 Miaccllaiioniis crii^^-referencis. Deceptive d. in bereavement- L. 891 Direction by d.-Savajjes. Horrible d. of Bunyan. Urivelation in d. -Temple Ino See AHSTUACTKlN. Art of a -" Waistcoat button Blunder's by a. Xewton. Dangerous a. -Archimedes. Absence of mind-O. Goldsmith. 00!) Aroused from a.-S. Johnson. 3;jl0 rhilosopher's a. -Archimedes. 1905 Youthful a. by study-X^-wton. 210O " -Study of Pasqal. 3334 See I!i:\-KItIE. Discovery by r.-Cravitalion. 3395 I.O'^t in r. -Samuel Johnson. 3310 See VISION i,t Inc. DRESS. Criminal d.-Joan of Arc- Male, "nao Kxclianged d.-uoan of Arc. *i7:'7 Kxtravagance in d.. Period of +1738 " "-Mid. Ases^l73.) ■• " Loss by. *1730 Impressed by d. M. Luther. ♦173! Investment in d.-S. Johnson. *1733 Legislation .,.. d.-I'neland. *I733 *;735 " " " *1730 an Obstncle-0. Goldsmith. *1737 Preaching against d.-FJIzb'tli*17;« 3301 3733 5313 ' *19 *30 *3I *1739 Dislike for ceremonial d.-Nap. 751 Kxtravagance vs. I'arslmony. 4(MW of Diocletian. 30 j Fantastic d.-('()Mstanline. 5773 ' Indifference to d. -Cromwell's 203 Neglect of d. -Dissipation. 1084 " " -Samuel Johnson. 3313 Neglected by absence of mind. 30 Ornaraentnl d.-Am. Indians. 30C1 Uegulated by law Homans. 3410 rnehanged-Visitor-Mrs. Wash. 3780 DUEL. Combat by d. -Alexander. Murder by d -Alex. Hamilton. Xaval d.-Paul Jones. Proposed by monarchs. Keliglous d. -Wellington'.". ♦1740 *1747 ♦1748 ♦1749 * 17.10 Vanity in d.-(.'onstaiiliiie. 5773 '• "-Tiribazus. 5773 " "-" Fine coat." 5770 -Goldsmith. 5777 ( See .IKWKI,i;V. Passion for J. Henry VII. *;!033 Kxtravagance in j. -Charles 1. 3(UI Treason for j. Woman. 5Cit8 See CLnTlllM; in lur. DRI>KIN(;. MIm'OlliiiU'Miis i'rn<.< rcl'ereiu'es. .Ancient English d. ^1740 Art in d. -Samuel Johnson. ♦1741 Effects of d. Samuel .l(ihnson.*1743 " *1713 See DUrNKKNN'KsS vi tin;. DRfGUrST. i'nisH-retVreiiee. Eminent d.-Sir Humphry Davy. .'^O DRUIVKARD. Mtscellaiieiuis (T.i^s-rererencc.s. Converted d.-IrUhra.m. 1183 Habitual and constant d. 1741 Happiness of d. -Present. 3031 L'nconscious appeal of d. 1741 See INTKMl'KIlANf'K hi l„c. DRUNK EN \E.SS. Melancholy by d. -Alex's fury. *1744 Punished- Drunkard's cloak. *1745 Miscellunoous crort:^-roference?. Folly of d.-Pargorous-Alboin. 3971 Judicious clerical d. 3708 Paradise of d.-Anc'nt Germans. 3988 Punished-Death-Official. 3790 Miflc'l-inof^ns crnsy-refereiieo.'*. Challenge to tight ^ ■:. unacc'p'd.89i Combat by d.-Gen(,rals. 1.543 I'nglorious d.-Commidus. 5,'*33 Needless d. -Decatur-Barron. 4-595 Tnal by combat-Gauls. .3054 V'ar ended by d -Thebans. .3884 See DI'Kl.S. Inequality in d. Josiah (^uincy.*i751 DL'liNESS. (-'i''i^s-ret'ere?iei-. Intellectual d. rebuked. 740 See STl'I'IDITV. Hopeless b. of Jaiuex II. Improvident s. -Gold- seekers. Insult of s. -James II. Mistake of 8. -bag vs. Pearls. Ofllcial s. -Newcastle. *537i) 3807 3903 3733 2710 3717 1553 373 » " " -Traitor-Arnold. Traveller's s. -Crusaders. See DI'l'KS in lot: DUIflB. t'ross-reference. Dellverod-Son of Cro'sus. .539.". D17PES. Miscellaneous eross-references. Day of d. -France. 1 1; I Undecelved-Kulned. 331 1 See roi.l.Y ;iii.l STCIMDITV ill ;..-■. DOPLICllTY. National d. (iueen Anne. ♦1753 Mlscelhineuurt cross-refereiice.-i Uellgious d.-Sclaler. shameful d.-F. North. Shameless In d.-Leo X. Success by d. -Louis XI. See DKCKI'I'IO.N' in Ion. DUTIES. Highd.-Kelgnof Wm. III. 470<) 3040 43.51) 5391 * 17.5.3 Cro.sBrefereiiec. Reciprocal d.-Wm. and Mary. 2090 DUTY. MlBCelUneoua cross-rt ferciices. Discouragement in d.- Honesty. 1015 Faithfulne^s to d.-Bunyan. 4393 Fidelity to d. expected. 4040 Joy In duty donc-M. Luther. 10!)3 Life leas than d. 27H.8 Mistaken d. -Crusaders. 1.520 Obedience necessary-Joan. 15.57 to d.-John Milton. 604 Protection In d -William HI. "^0^3 Supremacy of d. -Mahomet. 3007 D\VARF.«i. Cro-'S-referencc. Lunar beings-Ssvedenborg's v. 305^ D\VEL.K.IiV(iiS. Plainness In d.-Lycmrgus. ♦17.)4 See AllClHTECirKE uiul IIO.ME ill lor. EAR1.Y RISINO. C'rofs-relVrriice. Sleepiness from e. r. 5200 EARS. Miscellaneims ernss-references. Amputated o. -Punishment. 2040 Importance of e.-War. 5887 Insult by boxing e. ii Trophy In amputated e. 5939 EARNESTNESS. Eloquence of e.-Peter-IIermlt.*lT.'''5 vs. Humor-A. Lincjoln. ^1750 Success by e -Wo'hI.;'. sWord.*!757 Miscell. (• 'H .T v- : ,"i , •■■ ,08. Accepted I o ■ . .n ■■■: i. ';"■■ Convlndug e.-Ma : jet. 'B Ev'.i. ce of e.-c; '! .. -. '<■ V Impreesive e. of Brutus. 6181 Lack of clerical e. 045 I'atitollc e.-Kobt'it Morrl«. 40M Pownrof one man-Hermit. 1870 Ridicule overcome by e. 4(!5fi Savage e. of CHjsar-Hampartof. (iOC Success rewaids e.- Cable. 'MUl Victory bye -Marathon-Charge. 4ti7 See .\cTivrrv. Military a.-Romann. *3() Determined-" Close action." Success by unexpected a. See ARUUll. Soldiers a.~Bllnd John-Crecy See DKTKK.MINWTION. A88erted-''Sword shall give It. Emphatic d.-Stone-My ballot Klxcd d.~Joan of Arc. Obstinate d. -Scotch Prosb's. Strange d.-Joan of Arc. for Success-" Win his epurs." ♦ISOO Want of d.- Philip of France. ♦15GI Youthful d.-Aldbladps. *15«2 1001 1401 •207 ♦IDM *15,'J7 ♦l.V,H ♦l.WO Miscellaneous cross-references. Ambitious d. of Alex. Hamilton. 185 Resolute d. -Luther to Worms. 1241 Success by d -Wadsworth. .SO.'iO See KXKlUiY. Compllmented-Napoleon [. 'IHOO Expression of o.-Gen. (irant. ♦IKOl Individual e.-Rienzi. *I893 Military e.-Emp. Trajan. ♦ISOS of Patriotism-!. Putnam. *1804 Success by e.-C"rd'nal Wolsey.*]K0.5 Surpassing e. -Mahomet II. *189() by Climate-Hungarians. 953 ;n Disaster- Romans. 1609 Expressed-Ciesar. ICS.S Lack of e. brings disaster. 2025 Navy created In 60 days by R. 39 Personal e.-"Chus.the H'mer."2187 See KNTHUSIASM. Patriotic e."Indepe'd 'nee H.''*10n3 Persistent e.-Lord Nelson. *1004 for Philosophy- Archimedes. *I005 Remarkable e.-Joan of Arc. *100G Soldier's e. -Manassas. *liKi7 , EAHTIIQl'AKK-KATING, in Old Age-Thomas Coke. 3644 Partisan e. -Lincoln's rails. SUM I'atrlotic e.-Am. Revoluiltjn. 403(1 "-Bunker Hill. 1804 Popular e. -Patriotic Paris. 3211 " welcome of Nap's son. ,507 e. cultivated. 4323 Religious c -Crusades. 1375, 137ti " -Pilgrimages. .5081 " -VVoman'B-Isabella.4I82 Soldier's e. -Benedict Arnold. 4040 of Soldiers-Confederates. 1007 Springs of e. -Religion \Var-(i. H17 Stimulated by courting danger. 647 " at crisis-Banner. 651 Strange o.-Prolongcd-Crus'dc.'j. 41.50 Successful religious e. 3036 Success by e. -Crusaders. 4705 " " "-Cromwell's sold'rs. 311 of Superstii ion-Joan of Arc. 228 Victory by e. -Saratoga. 5814 of Vlctory-W. at Waterloo. .3030 Youthful-All. 0201 -Lafayette. 6188 See IIASTK. Defects of h. in Fine Arts. *2i')24 Needless h. -Ad. Drake. *2r)25 Imperils jusMce. Patriotic h. -Israel Putnam. Perilous h.-Crucaders. In Writing-Samuel Jo'r.nson. See ZEAL, in Art-Protogenes. Christian z.-G. Whltefieid. Eucouraged-Llncoln. Imprudent z. -Puritans. Ineffective z.-John Milton's. Misdirected z. -Religious. Punished z.-Charles Wesley. Sectarian z.-Jamcs II. Unrewarded-Prc lender. .3051 4030 5701 404 ♦6215 *C2I0 *6217 *G218 ♦C219 ■^6220 *622I *6222 ♦6223 Affecting e. for M. Theresa, of Affection for Coesar. Aroused by Sclpio Africanus. in Battle-Philip, for Battle-Charles XI r. Beginning of e., Remarkable. 4035 8251 5702 5945 3752 2090 Church-bulIders-Jewish temple 863 Despair followed by e. 1906 Eloquence of e.-Peter the H. 1755 .^vil 6. for Tetzel, 4309 b7 Exatnple-Joan of Arc. 653 of ?anaticlsm-Joan of Arc. 2086 Inventor's e.-Johu ntch. 2090 Lack of e. -General Lee. * 1045 for Liberty-Lafayette. .3220 Literary e.-Sanmtl Johnson. 404 Maiden martyr's c.-Scot. 4142 Jlissionary e. of Irish. 88.37 " " -Spatiisb. 3()33 " " -Columbus. .3641 -Thos-. Coke. .3644 of Affection-John Howard's. 122 in Benevolence-,Iohn Howard. .541 of Christians-Primitive Church. 8,34 Church-b'ildingz.-J'wish t'mple.8C3 " -St. Sophia. 865 Convert's z.-Ali-Mohanimedan.ll84 Excessive z. for religiou.s pros. 190 Intolerant z. of Bishop Mark. 883 Ministerial z. of Dr. Coke. .539 Pretended z.-Charles II. 2215 Religious z. of women-Quakers.4129 Woman's z. in religion. r>i33 " " " reform. 6124 politics. i;il4 in Worship-England. 1733 EARTriQlJAKK. Destructive e. -Ancient. *17."i8 Miscellaneous cross- nt'iTence-*. Alarmed by e. at London. 1087 Appalling e. at Lisbon. 731 EtRTHQUAKES. Periods of ancient e. *;7ri0 EASE. Irreligious e -HaT^iuei Johnson. *17(i0 Sec l.VDIFFEItEM'K .1:1.1 INIW L- (iEXCE )■/- (or. s-.'r BANTER. CroSB-refiTcrice. Bloody e. -Sicilian Vecpeis. 1340 EATINd:. Custom ill e. English. ♦KOl -Roman. *I702 .Mli*celUneou« cross reference. , Club" Inimitable Livers." .-i Indulgence of a. -Shameless *2ti9 Perils of a.~Cato the Censor. •266 Protest of a. -Monks. ■►267 Ruled by a -Epicure. •268 Miscellaneous cross-re ferencts. Degraded by indulcencc of a- P. 368 Surrender to a.-llenry VIII. 3852 Voracious a. -Samuel Johnson. 2183 See UOAHIi. Prayers exchanged for b. *610 SeeCA.NNlliALlS.M. Christian c. -Crusaders. 706 2077 2(i:9 in Famine-France. " " -California. See niXNKIl. Bad d., Ill-humor by-Johnson *I")92 Waiting d. -Samuel Johnson. *1."93 See KI'lcrUES. Reputed e. -English by Scots. *!013 Sec (iH'TTwNV. Hospitality complimented by g.;ii39 SeerjolKM.AM). Characteristic g.-Johnson. 2183 2927 -!926 2i;;i9 ♦21110 *2»141 •2642 *2(143 IndlgestlDU of g. Soliman. See IKlsriTALITY. A ppreciated-Roman. without Charity-Enelish. Courtly h. -Louis XIV. Duty of h. -Arab's tradition. False h. Exposed-Roman. Forgotten by Benedict Ainold.*2»lll Painful h -Son's murderer. *-,'(;i5 Reluctance in h.-"I hate lo." *2(;46 Sacred h.-S'p'rst't'n nf Arabs.^2647 "-"Salt "-Orient als. *264H of Savages to Columbus. *2(j4!) Spirit of h. -Derrick. ^2050 Universal h. -American Indians. 2651 Complimented oy gluttony. 20.3!> Delay oy h. of Mary Lindley. ill 15 Drtinkeniiess by h. 20.36 828 ECCENTRICTTY-EDUCATION. <)l)ll({iill()ii foUowi) h -Syllii. :iii-'j) I'oor wiMiiitiifd to Clnidii's h. ^I'M Kufust lil-H<'iikers. *','()''0 AddretH to h. dlfllmilt. aiu I Desperation of li. -Cannibals. VOd rerishltiK from h.-SlcKU. fiOj I'rossure of li. Sailors. MIk; Sic VKUKl'AltlAN. Health souh'lit by v. Howard. l.")V(i succfssfiil V. 11. Franklin. lidlir) Trials of a V. liitson. *.'j;s;i s.v vi;(ii:T.\Ki.\Ns. by Neci'sslly I';n>;ll.''li. ~'1S1 UellRioiis V. Au^l^•ro Priscli'ists. loi " " I'erslans. 1001 .><.'c K.VMiNi':, i''i':.\si' :iii,i Kuoi) /;/ /,.,■. Ki'CIC^TliK II'V. MiH(cll:imM.tM ci*u^>-ii'ri'i'i.'lH'f!^. of t'onsclciin William I'l.'iin. aV7.") SuliUdt.v .-i.^ot; I'ranklsh c.-Kitkusoii. ."jTTI ot (ii'niu.-'Sainurl .Johnson. !.'HO'.l " -SMO of Synipathy N'apok'on. yOTS S,>' I'Krri.l.MllTIE.'i. J{(liKioUS p. of I'lirltans. i;.):" Mlsci'Iliiiicniis cr'i^s-r''t\T<'..i's. Alarm from e., Supcrslltiuus a. .'')141 " " " 51.V,I Habit of e. a truasuie, *lV(i;J iliirepresentod-Meanness. *17()l National e.-Fred. the Great. *ir(>.") and Thrift Imperial. *irtli; Wl.se e. ot William Peiin. ♦HOT Miscell.uu '!.< criiss-rcforenct'^. for Benevolenee-MrH. Fletcher. 519 -Emp. Trajan. 51T -.lohn Wesley. r>l!t in Burial- Athenian law. fillH t'rlticised-Funeral of ('has. U. 2-S17 vs. Display-Lueullns. 15;k) in (Joveniment-Excessive. '2i'M Uonorabk- e.-H. Adams. aiiliO Noble c.-Bi iijamin Franklin. 'M'Jj I'atrlotic liomans. 341(J Kemarkable e. Wesley's. d^MO vs. Renown Architect lire. ITti'J Taxed by Henry VI I. ;!00;! See KIUTiALlTV. Misapplied f.-Charles II. *i'~')5 Plan of f. Irish painter. *-^--iHi Exan,(ii.' of f Ca;sar. 3H1~ 111 tini. il f.-.I,-,njes II. 40()S .Patriotic f. -Virginia Colony. 4«y.'3 EC'STASV. ?{eliRious-J()hn lianyan. S<'i' .lOV til loc. *i7(;s j KUii<'i( ■•:. I Monumental e. Pericles. ♦lT(i!» See AKCIinKCI lUK '" 'oe. KDITOK. CroH.'^rcft'rciu e. Patriotic e.-Amerlcan Hev iViH EDITOHN. Mlscellani'OU.'< un !.■<.■< re IVniicofl. Predictions of e. Civil War. 1100 Punished for false new.-. MI'J EDi;< ATION. I Ancient e. 'i Athletic e. of Koinaii.s. "i;7.s McKlnnliij: In e. Col .Mas--, *\'i','.t Christian e. -Knuland. ' li.'>0 Civilization bye. Anciciil (;cr.*);si Collegiate c.dctc.slitd-Southc} *r.^^' Conlributlons fore. -Vale, ♦:iSI IJeficiciicy in e. Washiii^jton. 'IVM Deprived of e. Peter Cooper. ♦KKi Devoted to e. CoMtuciiis. *17Wi DifUcult-Abraham Lincoln. - 1;h7 -(ieo. WashinKlori *r,H>i I>;>para^'ei y friciid.s-l.ii,' iilii.*rN» Distineti>!n uy i'., Relative. M^'/O Donations to e.- Ilarvuiil i , ' I'i'.if End of e. Cooper In.'-litute *l7't ' Errors in e. Luther's. "I7!i:; (.ieneral e. in New ijitrl.md. *i;!t4 (luardcd-Priuee of Wale.- '"K'.t.-i Helps to e. Robert Burns. ♦):!"! Higher life by c. -Aristotle. ''a7ii7 Imperfect e. Wasliin«tcin. ♦I7;i'- Imperllled-Bad leai'hci-. ♦H'J'J Indecision in e S. .lolmsc.n. *1800 Independent e.-Uibbon. *1S01 vs. EegtslatUm-I.yeo'-gus. ♦IKOi " Licentiousness li. of C. IT. *\M^ Ministerial e. Lady H'nl'nBdn.*lh04 Mlsdirected-Accompllshin'nts.*lNO.j Neeessary-Alfred the Great. *lhO(i Negleeted-Ireland. *18(J7 -Reign of Chas. II. *1H08 -Sam Houston. ♦180!) Opposed-Governor of Virginia. *1810 Patron of e. -Luther's. ♦1811 Philanthropie-Smithsonlau I. *lHVi Political e. of Alexander. *lhl3 Power of e. -Pulpit. *isil Precocity in e.-S. Johnson. ♦isi.^. Prohibited in Ireland. *lHl(i Public e.-Spartans. *1H17 Religious e. -Napoleon I. *1818 '• -Wesley's. *1K19 Saeritices for e. -Mother's. ♦lH-,'0 and State-Alexander. *lvJl •• -Spartans. ♦is-"-' Substituted by experience. lHu';j Suspi^cted-Jesiiils in Eng. ♦Ih:i4 Tax fore. -Harvard Cniversity.^lH^'.'i Trials in e. SatniK!! .lohnson. *18i;(i Varie7 by Woman-Hypatia. <)07H of Women opposed Swift. (1117 See COLLE(jE. vs. Capital-Location of Yule. ♦07.) ■.'IS 201 Dlsgra." d in President. Rebellion in c. justified. Struggles in e.-S. Johnson. See INSTRUCTION. Dangerous 1. of enemy. 37>"J by Defeat-Peter the (Jreat. 14'.i;) " Example-Siege of Rome. 1001 -Divinity of the Son. 8-'5 '■ Failure-Minuclus. SOliG Need of 1. -Petrarch. 0^1 Nei'ded with authority. -Ilow'rd. 411 Popular 1. by av^'uilecture. 'iH7 EFFEMINACY-EGOTISM. MOfi r. (iioo oai3 I. a;«i I. H!M ioi);i .'W-JO . (Wild . 01 !W tli,(H() •imi u;i7 854 GOOH VW9 8330 G41(> 31 10 17S1 iviir ;. aio «*)(! Mor. 1S7T . 034 333 3877 s. 3.38 4047 a.3,'-)8 1S,;!303 4134 80.34 3878 nil i)88 018 3094 30i».'> ,301)0 3407 5327 5388 3787 '.173 041 543.'-> 5f>05 1707 0078 0117 Seo KNDWl.KlHiK. Uoslred-Hiiinucl Johnson. ♦;I0H7 KiiKornoss for k. I'oet 8hellny.*30HH Ilapplnt'HS by k.-Soorutes. ♦•iOM'.) Humility for k.-Dlvlno. *3oiio wllliout I.i'iiininK !'• Coopi-r. ♦30111 l.iinlliitlonH of k. Arlslollu. *.iO!l8 IToKi-ess of k.-AriHtollo. *.'i01t3 ri'omotlon by k.-Jiirod .sparkN.*30!)l SacrlllceHfoi-k.-H. I'"rankllii. ••'tOW.". i -Jolin Fltoh. *30«0 Thoft nf k. Stllpo. ♦3007 Cost of k.-Lotleiy-I'. Cooper, ittil (iiiinlnal k.-I'erHocriitioii. 41 18 Daiitreioiis k. of law. .3381 Kxpurimi.'nLal method In k. 3775 Kalsu k. of .\rlstotle, 8080 l.ovo of k. -Blaise I'ascal. 8384 i)|)p()sltlon to k. CatlioUcisin-K. 735 IVrilous pride of k.-I?.'.s defeat. !»7 Pursuit of k.-I'etor the (Jreat. 838« Responsibility eomes with k. 4885 of k.-"()unp, p."80.HI( Self k. by adver.slty-Krcd. V. 81 I'll ipplled-Chliiese-Compass. 8()7n Valueless k. when unappl!ed-C. 873 See LKMlMNd. Dishonored -James 11. *3177 Ksteemed by Puritans. *317m Honored by Tiraour. *317'.i Secular!, rejected. *31H0 Superficial 1. diffused. *3181 Wide 1. of Samuel Johnson. "aiSS TemptattouH of s.-l.- W. See S(lli")I,.MASIKlt. Imitated WUllam Cowper. vs. Soldier WellinKton. See SCIKIOl.S. Appreciated Mass. Colony. •50-l'.i Bc«lnnlnK of s. N, K. CoUmies.'.'iOK clirlstlanl/.cd-Uouuin. *"'" lOxccllencc In Athenian i I'nrverted to Uomaidsm UaK(?ed H.-Londou. " "-I'ortsmoulh. StruKKle for 8. -James II Influence of 1. -Courtesan. 185C .Mlsapplled-Diseussion. 8170 Ncedless-Plcad In Latin. 8104 Protieiency in 1. Ksypt-Astron. 3.530 Progress in biblical l.-Tyndale. 500 See OK'l'lliiCK.M'IlY. Excused- Napoleon I. Seo SCIIOLAK. r;omparaliy(! s.-17th century. Eminent s. Petrarch. See SCHOI.AKS. Expulslrin of 8. by James II. Independence nf s James II. Misjuil 'incut of s-l'ili,''s ProR, Kii'alry of s. -Isaac Newton. " •• " W. S.ott. "l$ucton."l!» See S('II'>L.\RSII11'. Defective s. of Ifobt. Fulton. bv Kinulation-Charlcs XII. Revised s. of Arabs. See SCIlndL. Aversion toward s.-(;aribaldi *.5087 CaHte in s. Harvard. Discipline in s.-S. Johnson. R very where- Socrates, of Observation H. Miller. Perilsof s. E. A. Poc. Trials at s. -Napoleon I ••■■lO*! ♦.Vi:i7 *,Mi:',s ♦.■■Oil ♦.■0I8 *.->!) 13 *,SOIl '•.■(U5 ♦.•)0|0 6'ZU Sfe IKACIIKUS. Pay ol t Alhenliius. *.'>5I0 Parental t. of .Mrs. Adams. 341i; Tyniunical t., .Martin l.uther'K. 1793 See ■rKAl.MN(,. for (Jreatncss Alexander. ♦.".ocs Lack of military t. *.">00!i I, list luK effect Walter Scott, •.5070 by ()bedlenc(3 of Sparlans. '5071 Physical t. of Unnuiiis. *."078 Success without t.-Wni.P.of ().*."073 of Artestal)llshedby("nst'nt'!ie.:i.".l ■' " Three s. 310 Dantters at s.-Isaa<; Newton, 379 of Paintint; Elorcnec, etc. .'Ill " Vici^-Saloons. .'',8113 " " -Prisons. 5801 See Sl'El.l.INU. P.ad s., George Washington's. *xm Diverse s. -Shakespeare. ♦.>i03 Error-Conquered vs. Concor085 *.5(tao Close 8. -John Milton. 0811 Precocious s. -Alexander Pope. 4403 Pride stimulates s. -Newton. 4493 PuKilistie s.-ll. Miller. 8403 Koyal s.-Queen Elizabeth. 0098 Rules ignored by s. 8004 See STfKK.N'TS. Patriotism of 8.-Am.Uev'lutlcn.40V8 See S'lT'niF.S. Ancient s. -Italy. See STFliV. Devoted to s.-T. Jefferson. " " "-Prest, Madisim Preparation by s, J, Milton for Miinhooii 'I'tn-Miisldcles. Military t., Imparlance of, .Misapplied (iailieiius, Sueeess without special t of Voice by Dcniostheiies, See (TI.'rfr.K, lUSCl I'M N K INTKl.l.lllF.NCI'; iiiid INTKl.I.KCl- i!:Fi''i;.iii>.%rv. Uoyal e. of Khmalmlu>. .Miscelhilii'MU-* ci-d^^ r 'l.TeltCes, Age of e. -English. Charged falsely .lealousy. Honored for c. liuekiiigham. " in Claudius. Sei.' DKLK'ACY. Essential to pleasure-Vice, of Feellng-O. (ioldsmlth's. See COWAKDU'E iiiid 'WKAKN ill h.r. KFFOKT. I Jllsdlrected-l'seless i-ciences. I'scless e.-Fred. II P.attle. 035 t9Hl IH30 130 5S53 M889 37H4 890(1 3871 3870 3380 5103 KSS *1830 ♦1831 ♦■.370 i *,'i.371 r,3 *.->37l Napoleon I.^.').375 *."08S •",■1089 *,5030 "5031 *,">038 *5033 Discipline-Inconsiderate. 871 1 Exaoiinittion of s.- Napoleon I,3."i90 Humiliation at r. -Byron. 3788 Medical s., The first. 3,V)3 See SCHOOLDAYS. Ilappys.d.of San)upl,lohn«on.*.')0.34 See S('Ibi"i. LIFE. Tedious s.-l.-Sliakespeare. *.5035 in Dcath-Sca chart. 1445 Devotion to s. -Young Nap. isOl Dislike for s.-Hobcrt Fultcn. .">081 Humble s, of Burns. 1010 Incentive t(j s. F^mulation. 508", Passion (or s, Illaise Pascal. 8384 Perseverance in s. cspsar, 1-191 Plan of s. vs. Plan of Battle. 83.30 Prolongeil ,<.-All niKlit .Milton. 101! Success by <'ontinued s. 40.38 Ser TKACIlKi; Punished by seliolars •*,55.30 Kelation of t. -Aristotle. *.')537 Kesponsibilily of t, Alex, ',Vi38 Value of t. to Alexander *.">"'39 Crime to be a <'atholie t. 8903 Devoted to youth liu'da, ''l^'O Honored -.Vrl.'-totle. 3878 Ingenious t. Eli Whitney. 88 ^NlaU^rnal t.-Wneoli.'s mother. 1789 liemarkahle f. -Ilypatia 0078 Severe t.-Wrongheadid 8714 Valuable t, -Aristotle to Alex. 1813 .Miseeilanenvis ero^^^^referfiiee^i. Perseverance In c H'ni''itli'n"s.5403 Personal c -Joliti Howard, 5I() "Humble Catli. W .531 .Stupendous e, misapplied 895 Sei' FA'I'li.riv Insensible to f.-Maw siuart. 0100 >('(• wk.\ki.m;ss in BereavenieTit-lames Watt. 508 " Pleasunvseeking-Charlcs II, 4800 I'nconsclousc.r w.froin laboi \\M48 s, ,■ ^^■tlI;K n, ;. , ICFFIto^Tl•:uv. Mi-,H-r.,,i,r,, ,- rr... I.'!', re;,, ■■,•, Bold e.-1'rince Albion 8045 in Literaiure Bet I'Tint 1,, S, ,1. 37 Ml \lliAi ITV ,„ ;. , K<,OTIS.1f. I astee. V,,iinji- Byron. *!8:« I'haracteristie e, of ,), Adams. •1833 I ,,ntrast ill e ( le^ar iiini ' ie '1S34 of lienius-oliver .Soldsniit li *1M35 Koval c. .lames II, 1830 Mi^C'illini-n' - ei,isJ-v ■ ■■ :.Ci Outra«cd-Cicero''< e, Kcbuked by Plato See HO.\>|IN(,, of Pride Ba,iazet, Ridiculous ■'■(;reat Twalraley Senseless b,-,\merican Tory. Vain b, -Persian immortals. Boasting of Power-Pompey. 8H73 5778 •on • f,\M ♦013 *014 430rj 830 IntlinldiitinK b.-Tiirkii. Set! MO.MKASI'. Kcbuk«l silly c. Xcrxeo-Mountuln. Natliiniil c. of KiikIIhIi. Political 11. of JariiuH II. Kuiuovod" IriviiliuTiibhs." Si'c SKI.KCONCKIT. BraxKart's h.-c. KoyalUt In N Folly of H. o.-Ua.|a/,t't (lout. PtTsoiial riiaj sty of Sapor. KliKCTIOIV. Close «'. of .loliii Ailaius. Coercion In f. -s. AilamM. KxpfnHi'.s-Treatlnjf In lOnK- KriMtrated-Jolin Howard, of (iracc-Cromwoll. I{K>(i -Maratbon. ♦58.')'; B.isoly tilvun Rochester. ,'i8i/j Complimentary y.-I,lncoln'.H 1188 Decliuinjf always to v.-A. J. 3l'.>'i Emphatic v.-Htone ballot. l.ViO Minority v. elect-s Lincoln. ;)870 One decisive v. Inipeacliment. '^T'tO f)stracism by v. -Athenians. 30t;8 \ Unanimous v. forlnd'pend'nce.at'.K) See \'OTK.S. I Soliciting V. (irenville. ♦,")8.")S EI.KCTION— KMIOH \NTS. Venal e. I'arilameni, a ■>. I708.*180'J «i'i' I'ni.iric.H in Iw. RLK4"niiriTv. M«bt of e.-C'oluinbii.x, ■-' I v. 'ISM .MlHoi'llanroii!* crcmn o I'lTtfici'ii. DIsoovury In e. -Stranire i '. '.'81!) K.\perlmeutH In o. KiiiMkliii. x'847 " " " VollliK M. tl.'JO See l,l(llir.\|N(i Fear of 1., .Supurstitioiis. ♦.'Wim " " '••W'ali'nct'n'smotlier.'a.'liio by niibery of (;ennan princes, cm Cliaracter controls v. -Wash. SKJO Coerced by < onimunists. k>70 Controlled by fone-Croni well. 8189 Corruiit-" Credit Mobilier." !>l)(i6 for Dead cumlulate-Webster. 70.'j Kxcluded by Cromwell. ^4-^2 lMdepeiia<'nt English v. 4011 Influencing V. -Women. 3410 Jlujorily to rule- United States. .S.387 Perseverance in seel of France. ♦18.")8 ■.'(W8 3947 *,V.I,V,' Crosfl-rel'iMci I Proposed to Shelley. elo(ii;r\<'e. of Aril.. II Samuel Juhnson. " Facts Story of misery. Fear of e. Demosthenes Necessary-Uomans. 3.'»0 ♦IH.IO '18,^7 Misi'i'llaiH'.Mis CICJ8M rofiji..ni'."i. Artlflcla' 0., Burke's. (9 and Drlnk-Sherldan. 39,V3 of Earnestness Peter the H. i7.-)f, Employed-Funeral of Ca'sar. Ga.'i.') Money stimulates e. Athenians. (>7'.J Persuasion of e. -Pericles. 4l.'>6 Sii' DUATOH the Great-Demosthene.s. *,3949 Unsuccessful o.-W. Irving. *39,")0 Sco ORAroU.'^. Audience for o. -William Pitt. *;ffl53 Dangerous in Parliament. *.39,51 Despised by Samuel Johnson. *.'?953 Disregarded in pulpit. *395l Taste in o. -Samuel Johnson. *3955 SiH' OKATOKY. Difficulties in o. -Demosthenes, u'031 Illiterate-" Black Harry." 4389 Perseverance in o. -Disraeli. 4151 Preparation for o.-I)'mosth'n's.44a4 Self-abnegation in o. -Demos. 5080 See SPKAKIXU in ton. li;itl.%N<'ll*.%TIOIV. Advooatud-A.u. 17i)l In .Mai!i. *M.VJ Proclaimed -Abraham Lincoln ■ii87 KITIBARHANNIVIKNT. InPubiioKpeaklngHp.Hoberts •ISild I See AWKWAKItNKSS. and Aglllty-Poet Shelley. •4I.| I Exhibited In etl<|tiette. I<:ffIHLK!YI. SIgnlllcant e. Turk Woli'o. 1.1*1 •l"**')! Minct'IIiinooiiM cri'.ss ri'r.Tt'iiL'.M, of Character- Wolfe Turk. " Defiance Hattlesnake. False e.-" Paschal Latnb." of Industry-"I,eatliern apron.' " Inferiority-Jackal, " War-Uattlesnake, " WIsdom-Physlclan -Serpent. See ii.\nm<;k. Devotion to b -Mohammedan, Iuapi)r()prlate b. -Paschal Lamb of Industry " T,eathorn apron.' Influetico of 1).-Mexican. Uoscucd by valor-Cadi/., Shocking b.-Mary Stuart. Slgnlflcant"I)on't tr'donmo." Sou FLAti. Desplsed-r. S., year 181i. • Devotion to f. Serg'nt Jasper. * Dangerous display of f. Soo SKiN of Destiny-Mahomet's s. I SKI :)!rit .•5*1- iHW ■.•!(i7 591)1 I Pi!) •r.i>7 5-i45 '.'811 40HS li.il 5110 3939 •J 1 50 ■.'151 ':,vi-i of Talent, Mathematics a s, 5.5i)t; SCO SIGNS. Faith in s-Oold-seekttrs. *5U1 .Need of s. by ignorance. *5I 1> Significant s. of the times *5l 1.1 Welcomed by Columbus, ♦51 u in Jurisprudence, L'ngu'go of s,3985 Soo U.MKN. Accidental o. -Duke William. 31 ' fell. .33 See OMENS, Ancient o /iomans. *.)905 Annoyed by o Charlen r •390 .Military f.-(lotlis. *l*lil Mi :*<•»' lliltlCOUll CriUH-rfflTt^lUt'fl. DanK'Tf to I ho Slate from i-.-T. I'.'] r.ipulu'loii lnureax(!(l by o. II I . II II I'rosperlly by o. Soots. .s| imulattid-Constantlno. i:miNi£iM<;B. (^'owurdly i'. Kmp. Ilonorlut). by \V<.rtli~Henry Wllaon. Cl-.'T i:iv!H 1«H l.'lji; *iH(ir ♦IMIlS Mlao'llariooiiB cnwitrufercnccs, tiy Advflrslty-Abratiain Lliiculii. H.i In Allegory of ilohu llunyan. KIN ■' Art, Supurlor. 317 " " •' Uuphaol. .SIH " Sclf-Maorlflce-HlMliop Coke. l.">;ii Hci^ insilM'TKIN in Inc. Ui-llKlon of tlie li. .M, I.ntluT 1 IHd Sin of the li.offi'iinlvi-. .TOtl Siiprnniany of tbii li. ni'i'ilrd. aiH Way to lluih.-liovoiif motlmr Nil.') W'onndM iinlicaled. 'JIH!.'! Sue AKKK< TION, AMip.El, I'K.Ut and MI.SI'UK.SS in U.r. KiTIPIItK. .MirteoIlurii''Mn crowHrfl'ert'ricrH. DowiifiiU of Itonian a. Ul.'l I'lilluri! of u. In North Carolina. 'HM Olft of 0. l'ap;il bull. W87 .\|.cr(!eablo(!.-Aiiiluhon-Natnr() 'IMT-J lliimblt! u.-Uroedli.K miilt!»-\V.*lMr:i opportunt) n.-S. A. DoujfhiH. 'Ihti Ui-fimed Oliver (ioUNnilth. ♦IMr.'i SfokhiRo -.lohn I Vch. "IHTO Unworthy o. Kmp. Ilonorln.s. *1HV7 " Emp. Th'doslu.s. *1H7H ♦ISliU KinOTIOlV. iiverpoworod by e. R.UO'riONS. lli.lden c.-AinorlLi'M Indians. *lKro fioin Siu'ci'ss Isaac Newton. *1K71 MlrtCfllarM'nus cri'ss rrrrrfrioi'M. ; rrcpre-'slble c. W'ashUiKton'M f .3000 Movod by distant bells Nap's e. fiOO ■' -10,000 men wept. ■4i;i7 • ivorpowerlug Josephine's f. 101 " f. -Swoon. WM " " -bereavement. 557 Overwholinliij; o M. Thi're.sa. W-V) " l.lnc'ln's Cab l;!;!) Patriotic e., .\ndn)W Johnson's. I')H7 Privacy of e. Wm. 1'. of OranRoIJl liellKlous e.- W'gh'Kt'u's prayor.4383 Violent e. of Wm. P. of Orange. \i\ Sue KMl)AUU.\SSME.\r. i:i Public speakbiK Bishop 11. *IHlidurate h. -Murderer Ferrers. 1480 S4ti0 031 ♦2534 ♦3535 ♦3530 ♦3537 ♦35;w ♦3530 Better than genius. 2.'')35 Broken by grlef-Artaxerxes. 2487 " " -Henry II. 4005 Enigma of the human h. 3.144 Evilh. concealed-C'has. the Bad. 1000 Failure of b , Kxeoutloner's. 1070 Hardened by spilling blood. 1337 Poetry without b. -Gray's. 4318 MIncelliitieous erositrefurencou, Dogradlug cicrlciil e. OlgnlSed Indian e. War. " e. in war. Irksome e. -Young II. a clerk " "-Milton's daughters Luxuries give e.-I'oor. Scarcli for e.-BonJ. Franklin. .'^ee INDUSTIIV. Kducatlon In l.-S. Johnson. Kxposltlon of i.-Tlraour's. Happiness by i.-Eng. peoplt . Misapplied 1. -Jamestown Col. Proof of 1. -Calloused hands. Report of i. Sacrllieed to prlde-Chas. 1. Standard of i.-I>eathorn apron. ^■|^tlle by I. Hannibal's ar'ny. 034 5008 5033 005 . 805 3303 038 ♦3804 ♦3805 •3800 ♦3807 ♦3808 ♦3800 ♦3N10 ♦3HU ♦3813 for Drink Tartars. 3y.'-)0 ICncouragcrnent of i.-Yeur 17.'i4 .3433 Incited by money. Protection of l.-Unei;."'.t ♦.vii'io •.w,i 3tW0 3003 .■|0!l.l Conscience In t. Peter Cooper. 'Itloi llegraiii'd by t, Kinpress, UiS! lloni'sty In t., Laws for 33U Profits in t. irreat Flrinin 3i'*; Survival of II Monks ♦.■.r".8 Itewariled by illiiiier. 3'.'i3 Sii> I.AllHl!. W AiiE.> 11. 1 WiiKK E.m*r«»v.nicNT.s. S.'c AUTI^AN-^ l!e(|iilre(l by Athenian law Success by l.-Ber ' Franklin See MISSION' in Mfo Wm. Prince o" Orange. ♦30.33 Misjudged-Louis Phllliipe. *30:!1 Divine ni. -Evidence in (Its. 1014 Ignored -(^ueen Christina. 3»3m in Life -Columbus's. 0151 Life a m. -"Stone wall" .lackson.53-,'8 Shameful m. -Mahomet's angel. 03 Seooccri'ATloX. Changes in o. -Pets'- Cooper. ♦;i857 One o. only-Weavers. *3'<.58 1007 *S()53 ♦,50.5-1 *50.'.5 ♦:i.-,l Capture of a. SIIU weaveii. Wages of a. lingland, lOHn. Sue Ariliiii;. Humiliated Frederl.k tie' (j. *lii3 Kapld Samuel .)olin.s(.)n. ♦loi Unnoticed a. lliinillialed S.J. ♦Hrj Fame-Sudden Byron. 8')57 Kebuked for adulalloii. 3r.il Shanu!ful a. Patrons. 14s.''. Successful Excei)ti(jnal. 33Sii See Ari'll<)K>. Importunity of a. Patron.l. lis Unappreciated Milton I , etc. O^iO .■".e Al'TlHUlSIlll'. Anxieties of a.-S. Johnson. *4H imputed a.-" Margaret N." *I10 Originality in a. -Thomas .1. *43') (iualllied a. The Stamp Act, ♦431 Reward of a. Flnanulal-J. M. ♦I3.J 333'./ 3771 nor 30.'J8 1310 3317 1105 Certilied-Yoiltiitul Bryant. ( onfusion In reputed a. Iiiferred-I.ibellous. Pruhlbited Judges-Comedy. Hegponslbility for a. Regrets Rewarded liberally- Pope. Supposititious-Libellous. See BANKERS. Prejudice against b. -Lombards. *45ii Plundered-Jcwlsh-England. *410 Injustice to b. Charles 11. 2803 Patriotic b. Robert Morris. 305;) Prejudice against Jewisli. 4 to See UAH HER, Ostentatious \i. rebuked. Superlative-lOOO-Constanline ^ue llARUEliS. Surgical b.-Eng.- Kith century. ^4.50 loo: 3003 Carelessness of b. punlshed- See CAPITALI.STS. Extortionate c -Jews. Nation of c.-Jews. See COOK. Vexation of Antony's c. See DErEC'TIVE. Harmless d.-Roi)ert Burns. . 7.38 *71i ♦713 205 ♦1.5.53 883 Htupldd. Col Jam'tt'ii AiiUrr'v 'iWi Uwjftil (l.,C'loflru'a. *IV>.| I'oniilvliiK (i. Uolx'i't IlurnN. *\\rri Miu DKNTI.SI'S. Burlierg llio ditiitiNtNln tttli v.viut. 4:111 H.'i' KNdlNKKU.S Hurvl<;ii of e. to W'm. I', of (). •I«li7 EMPLOVMKNTH. I)l.stin({uiiatt()ii (iiiti.Uruiil.Vwo Kxtcimlvt" I'aliK'ir/.c^no. Occiipiiiloti olmiiiiiid < rom. 8011 iif .1 f, ri(l<' biK. Illxh Mfu. KutuousK- Oilvir ()oldtv'7l Tnivorsal ({. -CruHiiders. *W7ri VIco of K.-l'rollUi!. ♦*.';() Km 0063 •sson *;5J7I '!W7« Memorial of g.-" .Siiiidwloh." *ill »6 Kulnoim K-l'-dKar Aliii;i I'oe. '(liys Si'i' (lAKDKMNO. Contentniciit In k., Kmporor's. IMH I'leasurf In {{.Cyrus. 5(^(5 Sit' iiDiMK Ti/rriU':. J'IfaHure.M of n.-Tbeodoilo. *»'03. -Napoleon. *a(i38 047 Climate affcetN h. Sci' lli»TEI,.KEErEK Indulgences Hold by h. Sc- LAWVEH. iKnorant I. I'ubllu.s Cotta. ♦31«f 3803 Changed by sermon. C'rlinluul 1. -Jeffreys. Inipiuleiit I. -Useful Jeffreys. Odium of client Klveii to 1. Preparatory to pollii iil life. S.e l.AWVKllS. Arts of Roman 1. Hatred of 1. by (iermans. Imprl.soncd for deceit. Patriotic 1. of N. Y. year 1705. Special l.-Kel(,'ii o( James II. Sec MEUCIIAMS. Enterprise of m. Jolin I'abot. Patriotism of m -ISonton Kev. Sic MrSICIA.N. Illustrious m.- Homer. Ne(jlected-StarvlnK-I''Viins. Sec i'AiNi-i;r.. Celebrated Enjrp.-J.Heynolds. 1089 1IJU4 3888 38(11 H3 *31«0 ♦311)7 *;)i(iH *3169 ♦3170 081 3317 4;i.'58 ♦3970 Invention of teleijrapby by p. 3989 See I'AIXTIXi;. Illustrates only-no Inf 'rmat'n.^3977 Defects in Chinese-Deformity. 338 Imitation In p NervIlM, l,'itlieent.345 | Mutiny of k KiiKllnh nary HohooU of p. Klor«ne«, etc. Huprtimauy In p. Kap^iacl H«u I'llV.HK'lA.N ICtnplrUial p , sueevMNful. iMytholoKical p. vK»niclans. Impromptu s.-Eni;llsb navy. Mutiny of s.-Cruel-IIudson. 3734 030 33 15 ♦5008 ♦.5009 083 .3039 3803 085 1015 3757 .'I7.•.!^ •' ;i;(io Patriotic H. AmerloHU. loro Peril of M Captain Cook. 1 ill* Huperstltlon of N Columbus' .t'HiM ' " St. Kluio IH.V) See .MCIIMI.AK. Comparative I7th century (ivi Eminent • Pelnweh. 031 >f SCllnl.AI'.S KxpilUlori of H. by JamoH II. 199H Indi'penilenee of H. Jiiine.t II 3890 MisJudKinent of H, I'IIk'h Projr. 1(W UlvalryofH. l-aai^ Newton, 179 W Scott " Mutton. "19 sc s( rKNTisr. Doranife*! by eiirlo.sliy, 1,'iRt Falbire ot m. in expeiinieni 1993 Youthful H. Newton Wind. 1991 Scr SOrM'TiiK. Mental s. Socrates. *rliln. ♦SP.'l Devo> 111 s. of John Howard. 4430 Mlatakeii for a N. Pbllopd'mcn. 3.58 See SKKVAN TS. Absolute powerovers.T. prince. 408 See S'lTKE.NI'. Belated-( 'harlemaKiie. ♦.■]307 Folly of s. -Oliver Uoldsmlth. ♦5.309 Itiiyal 8.-Cliarloma(fne. ♦.5308 Close 8. -John Milton. 0311 Precocious s.- Alexander Pope. 4403 Pride sUmulates s. -Newton. 4493 PuKlllstlcs.-H. Miller. 8403 Uoyal s.-tiueen Elizabeth. tMiH Uules Ignored by s. 3004 Sec STUDENTS. Patriotism of n.-Am. Hev'lution.4073 See S''I!(1KI)NS. Barbers the H ;(li century. 150 Insensibility to suffiM-liiKS. 193 See Sl-HlirllY. Brave s.-Diike Leopold. ♦5104 Skill In 8.-Dr V. MoU. 'SKr; Sec sik\i;yoii IllU'-i lious 8.-(ioo. \VasblnKton.C198 Unsuccessful s. .\. Lincoln. ,'i3 See TAU.iiKs. Oppression of t. by man'f 'ct'r'rs.439 1.S.39 See TKACIIKU. Punished by scholars. *5.5.if; Helatlon of t.-Arlstolie. *5.5.)7 Kesponslbillty of t.-Alexander.^.MiJH \alue of t. to Alexander. ♦55:i9 Crime to be a Catholic t. 3;ii;:i Devoted to youtii-Itit'da. Ol.'iO Honored- Aristotle. :137>' InRenioits t.-Eli Whitney. 88 Maternal t. Lincoln's mother 17H9 Itemarkable t,-llypatla. Oi>7s Severe t.-W'ron^'headed. 3714 Valuable t.-Arisiotle to Alex. 1813 SeeTEACIIEUS. Pay ot t.-Athenians. *5540 f KN I'ttrtiQtal t. of Mm. Adomi. Tyrunnlrul t., Martin I.iith(ir'« Heu WKAVKUM. Iiiiportanc^ of w. ot illk. s... AlK'IflTKCTIKK, UKd' INVKNTOK, MKOIIANH- MINIKTHV, IIFKICKK, I'OLl IICIAN mill in l„r. EN< HANTittBNT. M iHCi'ilaiiudim crusa-rul'tTcii't'n Itoyinh e.-Uavld c'roi^kull " " In bookH-lrviUK. i'enouul e. by Mahuuiet. Hon CIIAKM. I'll' ilUKi!. Tliiiirler and 1 " AitniiH Del. See KAHCINATION. •of Ucatity Mary 8tuurt. " " /i iiubla. '" -IleurtlosH WMiuaa. " Uookx-Dr. llarvtiy. luVMr's f.-Wni. tlio ( onguoior. " ■ Uoborl lIuruB. •■ (iarlbuldl. u( MtstrusM •JainoB 11. " Vli't' Muiy aiuart. " \\ Xoiau. (Jalliorlne Sedloy. " -Mary 8tuurt. " " -C'ourtoHun of Mllo. " Women liliiK John. Sec IIAI.lAClNATf'iN. KeulUtlc h.-Lullier-DevU. 1798 iiSI CM (M(t OUHO me.') loo m\) am im 1171 asiu ♦8506 JinthUBlaet'H li.-Joan of Arc. '■titii H. . 1\FATUA1/(IN. DestructWo I. of Nero. ♦8810 of Prl(i> James II. ♦2sao «fCurloBity I'lliiy MM Inventor's l.-Arkwrlght. 51(W of Love-PaKe of Mary Stuart. 884^ Politioul i Jamua II. 3388 Popular 1. Conquest of Florida. 75 of War C'liurl.'s XU. ia;« KNCOUUilUEJnBNT. Timely «, for Luther. ♦ 1(579 "-Columbus. MMHO Visionary o.C'olumbufl. *1881 Mlacc'Iluueuus crofls-refi'reiices. In Oefeat-Amerloan patriots. MUa by Druam-Hov. IlauK!^. .tHlti of Kffort-Alms for utruKKlers. 'M \ Helpful o. of H liloud. 54m Needless e.-Wliy foar? aiJO >ev CO.MKOKT. by Affection of frlonds.-Man vr.U403 " Dream- Napoleon I. K'J.') to Mlsfortuiii'-Mohammedau c. 1508 BellKious u. Ill dlalK ■• yi.''.i " " trial. •■i--^' See CO.NSOL Al'luN. of PhiloRophy-Boetiiius. ♦ll34 <'||.\NTMKNT-KNTKIH'I{M - * for til, I mdleii-A. Lincoln. ♦,Vl(ri Mutual M Napoleon I. 'Mim for Poor A. Mneolii. 't>m UellRlous «.-l'urltanii. *:>ll*H (lumannnd by a. Columbus. *:tM> UeKKars' arts-London. i'.i)!l Denied olTanderM old EiiK'«nd.sMX) kcoentrloliy of «. Napoldtiii 1. ;l.^7H Kriraitea by h. I'rwl. William, anwi Kt'iimle H.-iIoan of An- ilidl "'Luey llutdl. iion. ilKi.') Power of H. I'urdon. Kioi Prayerful H. Wife of Martyr T, ii7n HutlerinK In s. Dr. Mott. Ml , Various forii i of ». for W, Scott, w KT* U, Uucorded-Hnis Cliarter oak. ♦IHm'J Hi'i I'K.sriNY int'ir. fe:NOI BAN<'I$. Ueiinau e. i I(i ' rioldlcrs.^lKH;! I I. r.-t'en :n'i'. Trained' > o. -Spartans. l8St) hio K< ) U I 1 r i; 1) K una W i; !■• l'' l i -sr, in (of. BNKiniKS. Detraction of e. Advnratus d. ♦IHhi Divided Spaidsh ArmaU.^ ♦!«--•. NeKlected-Turkmans. ♦!' Partiality t<.f Philip of M. •1S.>, MLsciilluiiui ii.t crijiwi-refartiiioDa. Adopted as friends ludiaus. ^071 Beset by i<. Uritoim. aopi Changed to friends. ;288;i (.'onibiued affainst t lias. XU. 4.'il I I'oiitudoraey cf e. -Napoleon's. 4.'itir (Contempt for e. \{omans. .'I 'J I i Cout.selK of r inopportune lasJO Destroyed Turki-'l' I ulers. 3800 I'ierce e. KhkII"' ince.stors. 'IIK') | Generosity to e I'ruiinveii. SIW-I | iKuored- Abraham i.lntoin. !•*"* Inatrueted by example of e. 1 1'.*.; 'i)y of e.-D«atli of Cromwell. 3(i', Kindness to captive o. OlO.'i i " " e.-Ul»boi) Ken. M', \ KnowledKe of «. un»U;slred ■W^'* of Mankind AasasKins of Persia. 371 I ."vloediess e. -Duellists. 4tm I'rejudici! aifiiinst e. 4117 | III Sucramont, Hypocrisy. aeii7 j Superior to ci'inlilnedc. it. 't'-ii j Worse e. Ibiin death to .lews 4IM ' Youth Imperilled by e.-Wm.of ( ).01li i KNKinV. I (ieufTous 0., Luther u. ♦1888 (lenvrnslly to e.-LiiiliBf-Tel/.' 1 IxHrt of Mankind Caracalla. l.'VM Nupolpori 1.VJ1) MIntaksn for e. .laekson tJ'ii\ Priiyer diiamiH I- Clirlsllun. a;i."iO for Kliz. iiy I'liiHani. !l.'liii> rroteofBd e. of ( olumlms. 'I'.kio lieoruits from the*' I'ortdz. ;|S.10 .satlsfaetloii In deiith of '< {'Un Helf an e of self .laint'S II. 'W.'.)) Hptirxd lloNpltalily 'MV, I'nupproiK'hubie e. Scytlilaus. !"73 Worst o. Dad motht-r ."a S.r i:\MI TV ,„ ',„■ KViKUUV. Complimenled Niipoli'on I. ♦iSIK) Kxprrsslori of c -fii-ii. (Irani. •IH!M Individual ■' lllcn/l. ♦1MI»'-' .Mllltiirvf Miiipcror Triijiin *IH!i:-, of I'alrlotlsni Isra.-l I'utimiM. ♦moi Huecossby I'. < iiri! ml Wi.Upy.'lHII,') Hurpassiiin «.. (.[ M.ihomet II ♦!«!"'. \llfi I'llitji -ms (Ml."' n l.'ri'ln'" ^ by clIiiiuK' I iiiiKarliins. in lilsastdr Konmiis. I' ii'^'..!! hy CH'sar. l.ii K of e. brliiKs disaster, ixriiiai «. < liii^ tlie ilaiiimor Sc, .MMIHT. iiiukes Kiuht-Indliitis robbed. "-PedcslrlaiiH Heo I'lloMl'INK.-- Sill. I lis." by p I haries XII Hi'i' UK.SOLUTlii.N Success by r. .\iii. patl'loi'. Wi'itiions from the e. In KellKiou-Churles I. Strange c in death. S.'C SYMPATHY, by Experience S. .Johnson, freaks of s.-Napoleon 1 ttilW 1417 ♦54!I3 ♦5491 MiscellaneouH cri 'rtrt-refereiic .\ptf Civilization rliillp II. Common • Strafford. Contempt of «. -Faiiatio- Contributions from «• War. Despised iiomans S>v .\ttlia. Favor to 7 43S3 Moral r. of Luther. Hucoess by r.-Fremont. Unsurpassed in r I'tzarro. Weakness in r., Mural. Siy. .( 'I II li " " -t'ato the Censor. " " I'atmerston. Si'O l-.AKNESl'.Mi'SSan.l K.NT I'KISK i„ i-c. V.'SiiXiiV.n.Kfi'l'. (JriiHs ri't'i'ii'iice. Br ikcn-IIcart-broken. >.C(JUVI', N.\.\T in I .0. GNCillViCliHS. Service of e. to Wm. 1'. of. o. BIN<>R.%VI\U. Invent, il Me/./.otlnl GiNiniTi:. Persisteiil c.-Cato Hace e. of Normans. il.VJ luou 1033 aovft U1H7 1.13 ; ♦4511 •4H|.. loua imtst UHi8 .'.OiM 137 i;j8 68.M 13it 140 1t5»4 ♦1M-Jt7 ♦IWW •1899 * 11)00 Miaccllanoous cross rffjrencos. Avowed, Hravoly-I'omponluh. 4009 Causeless !• to Aristldos. 191o Eternal o. of xilunlans. \W.) Natural e. Wife for concubine. lo.™ Sir MALKiNirV. Parental m. of Fred. William. ♦33M) S.'C HA I" HEP m tur KNTKHPRIMIi. . ast *r .-Pacific Itallroad. *10Oi IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^/ w /.1 5703 5945 3752 2090 Miscellaneous cross-references. Affecting c. for M. Theresa, of Affection for C'tesar. Aroused by Sclpio Africanus. in Battle-Philip, for Battle-Charles XIL lieginninR of e. -Remarkable. ( 'hurch-builders-Jewish temple. 863 Despair followed bye. 1906 Kloquence of e. -Peter the H. 17.55 Evil e. for Tetzel. 4.309 by Example-Joan of Arc. 653 of Fanaticism-Joan of Arc. 2080 Inventor's e.-John Fitch. 2990 Lack of e. -General Lee. 1645 for Liberty-Lafayette. 3220 Literary e. -Writes all night. 404 Maiden martyr's e.-Scot. 4142 Missionary e. of Irish. 3637 " " Spanish. 3638 ' Columbus. 8(>11 " " " Thos. Coke. 3644 in Old Age-Thomas Coke. 3644 Partisan e.-Lincoln's rails. 3104 Patriotic e.-Am. Revolution. 4036 "-Bunkei Hill. 1894 Popular e.-Patriotlc Paris. 3211 " welcome of Nap's son. 597 e, cultivated. 4323 HNTEKTAIXMEXT— EPITAPH. Keligious o -Crusades. 1375, 1376 " -PilgriiiiaRes. .5!iHl " -Woman's-li-abclla.41H4 Soldier's e. -Benedict Ariioid. 40-19 of Soldiers'-Confedtiates. 19o;- ' Springs oi' J. I{elitjloii-Wii''-(!. sir Slimulat jd by courtliij,' danger. 617 " at crisis- Banner. 651 Strange o.-Prolonged-Crus'dos. 41.50 i Successful religlotis c. 3(131' Success by c.-Cru.saders. 4705 " " '■-CrotnweirsHold'r».3ll t)f Superstiiion-P'ple for Joan. 228 Victory \)y e. -Saratoga, of Victory-W. at Waterloo. Youthful-All. " -Lafayette. See FANAT'C. Insane f.-Purltan Muggleton See FAXATICIS.M. Dangers of f.-Reformatlon. Idolatrous f.-Emp.Antoninus. ^2085 Inflamed by f.-Joan of Arc. *20S6 Miracles, Tes: by. *2087 Religious f.-Ref. " prophets." ^2088 "-Gunpowder plot. ♦208!) " -Peter the Hermit. ♦20SK) " -Fifth Monarchy. ^2091 ♦20i!2 " " -Prots. in Scotland.^2093 Scandalous f.-Quakers. ^2094 Visions of f-- Crusaders. *2095 .5814 3030 6201 6188 ♦2083 *2t)H4 Assassinator's f. -Henry III. of K.364 Bloody massacre by f.-Florida. 8.55 ('ourage of f. -Crusaders. 3!K3 Curse of f. on Luther. 600 Qttletists In Asia.-Monks. 357 See EXCITEMENT. Delusive e.-Wm. P. of Orange. +1973 of Discovery-California gold. ♦197-1 Popular e.-AssassInallonof C. ^1975 Abstinence In e.-Gamblers. 6146 of Adventure-Conquest of Fla. 75 Collapse after e -Columbus. 3598 Fatal In old age-Prest. Harrison. 131 Labor In c. Tireless. 16(>2 Love of perilous e.-Wra. P.of 0.4111 by Novel-reading-" Pamela." 3827 Pleasure in e. -Roman circus. 221 Popular e. -Boston massacre. 3517 " against Charles I. .3.523 " " by Stamp Act. 3.525 " -.gainst Catholics. 241 " -Stamp Act-N. Y. 4077 Public e.-Acqulttal of Bishops. 3031 Religious e.-Methodlsts. Unmanned by e.-Wealtb. See HOBBYIST. RIdiculed-CoIumbus a h. 4703 4884 ♦2.587 Belief in 1. personal-Mahomet. 140'. " " personal i.- Joan. 1906 ClalKied for the Zendave8;a. 625 for Conflict-" (iod is with us :" 461 Divlnij impulse-Excuse. 2122 False 1. -Delphic priestes". 3917 In Ilrtred-Wm. P. of Orange. 2654 Language produced by 1. 3131 in Love-Robort Burns. 4219 in Music-Wesley-Mobs. 698 Poetic 1. Intermittent-Milton. 1014 of Religious faith-Battle. 20.'« See EARNE.^TN'ESS in loc. ENTHUSIASTS. Gospel e. -Quakers. *1>W ENTREATV. Crorts-rel'erence. Inefactlve e. of Romulus. .5osi See niSS.rASI()X. Impo-isibie d. of Cortez. '168.> See IMPORTUNITY. Victim of 1. -Charles II. 2751 See INTERCESSION, of Innocents-Tlmour rejects. 1337 Life saved by I -Deserters. .536 Woman's I. -Queen Phllippa. 16.39 See PERSUASION. Eloquence in p. -Pericles. *ll.56 Divinity In p.-Themlsfocles. 2387 Effective-Joan of Arc. l.".57 See PETITION Iti loc. ENVIRONMENT. Cross- reference. Mind influenced by e. -'.W-i ENVY. Rebuked-Ollver Goldtmith. ' r.«)9 of Reputation- Arlstldes. ♦ 1 9 1 1> Unhappiness of e.-Henry III. ♦lail Poor h.-One Idea, that wrong. 2910 Miscellaneous cross-reference-i. of Attentions-Goldsmith. Cruelty and folly of c.-Emp. I Opportunity for e. -Ostracism. Opposition from d.-Bunyan. i Slanders of e. -Raphael. Sleepless e. of Themistooles. See COVETOUSNESS. Contemptible c. of Henry III. Punished-Melted gold down t, Royal c.-Henry iii. EPICURES. Reputed e.-Tbe English. See EATlNti in Inc. EPIDEIflK'. Destructive e. In India. See PLAGUE. Desolating p. -Widespread. Destructive p. -Romans. See DISEASE in loc. EPISCOPACY. Fictitious e.-Roman. 1835 2797 3969 5171 347 1S9 *1'.264 *1265 ♦1266 *1913 *i912 *4I90 '119i "1914 Speakers-Cato-scipio. 1899 Cross-refercneo. See INSPIRATION. Unessential to the Church. Claim of I.-Alaric. ♦2893 See BISHOP in loc. Professed i.-Joan of Arc. ♦2894 Proof of I.-Joan of Arc. ♦•2895 EPITAPH. Unique e.-Ellhu Yale. In Art-Romans. " " -Italians. 3:33 Cross-reference. 336 i Hypocrite's e.-Emp. Alexius. '1915 2700 EPITHETS— EVIDENCE. H35 . i4o; 1!K)(> 24>i :i94r •,' li'JS 1014 .".(.HI ■-'rji 1337 .■.3(> ii;3'> "I I. -.ft ,'3S7 i.\5r :;ij)i 1835 396!) 5171 347 18» M913 i31-? M914 ^•07 •UU5 2700 EPITHETS. CroBB-r.ference. AbnBiree., Luther's. E4lIJAIiITY. Religious e.-Mohammedan. Sentimental e.-Napoleon I. 1150 •1916 •1917 Miscellaneous cross-references. Communistic e.-Lycurgus. 909 in Crlmes-StoioB. 1294 " Fillh-DanlelWebBtei. 81.33 -with the King. 2787 Legal e. -Romans. 3141 Natural e. doubted. 3413 with Officers of State. 8228 RellKlon favors e. 2656 Social c. hindered. 4006 " " tested. 5217 of Women in religion. 6124 See IMPARTIALITY, in Judgment-Alexander, of Justice-Roman, in Parental aflfeotlon-Mr. Dustln.lli See COMMUNISM in loo. E44 4083 2.509 801 .3422 2650 340O 1902 386-1 1035 0021 2639 1592 1312 0116 Mm •1928 EVASION. I Deceptive e.-Samuel Johnson. •1029 Legal e. -Reversing the tablet. *1930 See EQUIVOCATION. Declined by John Huss. ^1918 Ingenious e. by Bp. Compton. ♦lOig Oracular e.-Slbylllne books. ♦1980 of Might-Conquest. 1098 vs. " -Am. Revolution. 5924 of Reprisal-Arab robbers. 4926 Unquestioned, yet false. 5747 See CONSCIENCE and MORALITY in loc. ETKiUETTE. Burdensome e.-Bdward IX. ♦1925 Question of e.-Wash. '8 Ad. ♦1926 Restraints of e.-Anne. ^1927 Miscellaneous cross-references. Awkwardness of e. Itf:' Justified by Jesuits. EVIDENCE. Abundant e. Impossible. ( ircumstantial e.-Nero's p Conflicting e. -Napoleon I. Constructive e. -Trial of S. Convincing e.-S. Johnson. Discredited by suspicion. External e.. Gnostic's. Fame, a. of common. Forced e. -Knights Templars. Impossible-Mutiny-Columbus, Inulsputahle e.-Coat of-mail. Inferential e.-Csesar's wife. Manufactured e.-Blackmail. Perverted-Mahomet's fits, of Prejudice-Gunpowder plot Presumptive e.-R. of Chas. II. Purchase of e. by pardon. Refuted by e.. Peculation. Rejected- Wife of Bellsarlus. Religious e.-Joan of Arc. Secondary e,-Chrlstlan-J. 2044 ♦1931 •1932 ♦1933 ♦iim ♦19S5 ♦1930 ♦1037 ♦19,38 •1939 ♦1940 ♦1941 ♦1942 ♦194.3 ♦1944 ,♦1945 ♦1946 •1947 •1048 •h049 •lOSO •rsi 83ii EVIL— EVOLUTION. Slender e.-Trlal of Strafford . * ) "iM " " sufficient. 'lorij by Symbola-Barburluns. *i'.)r>4 MiacclliiiicnuH croBsreforenci'. Assumed- English. 1135 by Astrology of crime. 1'J53 Blindness to e. -James II. m:>') Clrcumataiitial e., FuUe. lOHl Conclusive e. -Letter of Chas. I.IGTT Concocted e.-Prlest and king. aiiHO Constructive e. misleading. STia Contradictory o.-Shoes. 3.m4 Convincing e.-False religions, ariil " -Prej.idlce. S^dO " " -False-Adultery. 2270 for t'rodullty-Negro plot. ■121 1 by Cruolty-Cut open. ;i()jG Deceptive c. -Hannibal's f. 701 " "-Sacred Fawn. I17'J " "-Banyan's disguise. 1(150 Denied successfully. 5070 Difficult e.-Adultery. l!).")! Encouraging c. -Columbus. 4155 Ex-party o. doubted. 3!tl3 Expert e.-BIaoksmlth-C. II. .3851 by False witnesses-Henry VII. 3150 Flimsy e.-Imaglnatlon. 1289 Forged documents. S102 by Imposture- Voice In wall 2761 Inferential e.- Vlexander. 2822 by Informers-Crlminals-Jas. 11. 911) Infuriating e.-Ctesar's bloody ^' 40 Manufactured e. -Conspirators. 11.37 Negative vs. Positive e. 2874 Outrages on e. of spies. 1344 Positive e. necessary. 3058 of Prejudice-Lepers burned. 4418 Preparation of e.-Clcero. 1554 Presumptive e.-Nero burns R. 1287 Refused-Trial of Sclpio. 5702 Rejected unheard-Cicero. 2873 Satisfying e. -Discovery of Am. 1880 Self-convincing e. of Chrlstrnlty.833 Smitten of God, Murderer. 2490 Unconscious e.-Mary's white h.l049 Undeslred-Perfldy-James 11. 4038 Venal e.-Pardon for e. 3067 See ACCUSATION. be Deceptlon-Maximus Fablus. 701 Maiio'.ous a.-C. Wesley- V. 702 " " -Alexander. 1048 a Pretext-Plundering the Jews. 710 for vlolence-R. III. 242 S»c CREDULITY. of Phllosophers-Strange-S. ♦1281 Religious c.-Prlestcraft. *1888 of the Slck-16th century. *1283 Superstitious c.-Romans. *128'1 " -Persian Magi. ♦1285 Excess of c.-Mohammedans. 3622 of Fanatics-Crusaders. 5850 Gold-seekers c.-Slgns-8plders. 5141 of Hatred-Origin of Huns. 1528 " Superstition-Mystery. 5447 " " -Am. Indians. 5448 " " -First Crusade. 5451 -N. E. Colonies. 54.53 " Timidity-Negro plot. 4214 brings rnbelief-Mlracles. 3620 VlcHm of c.-Cotton Mather. 1567 See DETE(;TIVi;. Harmless d.-Uobert Uurii.t. *l.^52 Stupid d.-l'ol. Jam'.s'u-Andrc.*l.">.'>'l Tseful d., Cicero's. *1J''>' (,'onnlvlng d. -Robert, Burns. ♦1972 .See K.VA.\IINAT|i)N. Needless-End of web shows. ♦1959 Fearless of e.-Metliodlsts St'c KACT.S. Assumed by .Vristotlo. 705 ♦;i020 Eloquence of f.-Appius. 3H.w Nature's f. evince he r laws. 3799 Se« INloUMKlt. Dastardly i. -James Hurton. 2H.")0 Massai.'i'o provi'iited by i. UWO See INKOU.MEIIS. Uojccted by Vespasiiiu. ♦2HI."j Blackmail paid to I. 2008 Criminals for 1. -Jeffreys' court. 919 Detested-Am. Revolution. 22.57 Heartless i. -Jeffreys' court. I'i9 Infamous i. -Titus Oates. O0.i3 Tools of tyranny. 1953 See INOUI.srriON. Abominable in Spain. ^2877 Romish In Franco. ^2878 Ignorance directing i. 2721 Truth outraged by 1. 5727 See INVESTKJATtON. Opposed-Financial-Epgland. ^2994 Resented by Clarendon. ^2995 Startling l.-Credit Mobiller. ^2990 Personal l.-Koyal-Majorian. See MIUACLE. Fraudulent m. -Weeping V. 1654 ♦3020 Apparent m.-Walls fall. 5824 Constructive m.-Wm. P. of 0. 4555 Contempt for false m. 3528 Failure of expected m. 2087 Popular m.-Colncldence. 965 by Saints only. 5704 of Superstition-Persian. 1285 -" King's Evil." Ki80 Supposed ra. -Joan of Arc. 2895 See MIUACLES. False m.-Delphlc priests. ♦3621 " -Mahomet's. ♦•3622 ♦362.3 by Martyrs-Catholic. ♦3024 Modern ra. -Pascal's. ♦3625 Monkish m. -Legendary. .3626 See OMEN. Accidental o.-Duke William. 31 " " " fell. ;« -See OMENS. Ancient o. -Romans. ^3905 Annoyed by o. -Charles I. ♦3000 Presage of o.-Romans. ^3907 Terrorized by o. -Sailors. ^3908 Regard for o., Superstitious. 22,37 " " " by Romans. 385 Sec PROOF, of Good Intentions-Cleopatra. ^4515 Demanded of divinity. 1691 of Religlon-Constantlne's. Sophistical p.-Elther side. See SION. of Destiny-Mahomet's. 4534 57.33 ♦5i;« of Talent, Mathematics a s. 5506 See SIUNS. Faith In g.-Oold. ♦5MI Need of j. -Ignorance. ^5142 SlgnlQcant s. of the times. ^51 13 Welcomed 8. -Columbus. ^5144 In Jurisprudence, Language of.3985 See SPIES. Ensnared by s.-Ostragoths. ♦,')304 Shameless s.-Joh' 1 Locke. *.'>:305 Victims of 8,-Tlieodora's. 13M See SPY. an Infamous s.-Tempter. ♦5321 Arrested-Major Andrfi. 1043 Honored-Andre's memorial. 2610 Suspicion creatjd by s , False. .5350 Unsuspected s.-Alfred tho G. .5820 See TEST. for Office, Religious t. ♦5674 Benevolence a t. of religion, of Bigotry in benevolence. " Confidence-Alexander. " Demoulzed damsel. " Parental affection-Maurice Religious t. for civil office. See TESTIMONY. Christian t.-John Bunyan. Imaginative t.-Columbus. Trial of t.-Mlddle Ages. .550 528 1048 1567 , 1348 3»11 ♦5575 ♦5570 ♦5577 In Death-Montrose. 1448 Disreputable t. -Titus Oates 4213 by Torture-England. 5651 See TRADITION. Worthless t.-Cromwell. ♦5667 Supreme faith In t.-.Jews See WITNESS. Abuse of w., Jeffreys'. False w.-Dlck Talbot. " " -Titus Oates. of the Spirit- J. Wesley. 2036 ♦6031 ♦6032 ♦0033 ♦0034 Discreditable w.-Trlal of B. 540 False w., Confusion of. 2192 Murder of w. by CalUas. 2871 Shameless w. Ingrate-Burton. 2850 See WITNESSING. for Christ-Early Christians. ^6035 See CONFESSION, FAME and TRIAL in loc. EVIL. Overruled-Passionsof H.VIII. ^1955 Miscellancoun cross-references. Hatred of doers of e. 2831 Overcome by good-Lycurgus. 8264 See ADVERSITY and SIN in loc. fiVOIiUTION. Cross-reference. Traces-Animal like men. 1470 EXAGOEItATION-EXCITK.MKNT. See DEVELor.MKNT. Social d.-Loiubiirds. ♦ison of Genius in periods. yi!l7 Inventions by d. -Steam onKlM(>,.'jr.'W Perfeutlon by d. -Paradise Lost. 1108 See IIEUKDITV. of Disposition -Frederick II. *iV)I Failure of li. -Howard's father. ♦^553 of rliaraot'-r rbarles I. 30** Contradlcted-Orleuns princes. '^^7 of Crinie-Cjesar's family. mn-' Cruelty by li. -Nero ]:iir 3073 of Dlsposltiou-Fredeiick II. y.'i.'il " -Melancholy. H.'idO -Nero. r)3(i0 Failure of h. -Cromwell's son. .W.'jT of Genius-Watts. sairi " -Blaise Pascal. 3.'i.M In Government-Monarchy. 31,')1 -Female line-I. 3458 Incompetence by b. -Goldsmith. ■i;il3 in Meciianics-East Indian. a.").'}; of Profession in Kgypt. 4480 " Sliamelessness-F'erdinand. SOCC KXAGGERATION. Barbarian e. -Personal awe. *ia,'jO Detected-Samuel Johnson. *l9.'i7 Impious e.-Politlcal. *1958 Liulit of e.-Knglish martyrs. ProfltinR by e. of fools, in Pul)lio life Washington. Sl^tnllicant c -Pausunias. Sustained by e. Torture. Teaching cliildren by e. Terrlfyln:; e. for heretics. " -Uebels. Sic l.viITArio.N. Fameless l.-Fenlmore Cooper. I.'nappn^ciated in art. 13.W CAfM 3Ul:i :r,->i 711 3»3H 3.->,'-i7 3h:.'-, '■.>; in I of Genlus-Cohinil)us' cffH. 3;iitl vs. Invention- Ked Man. 3!K«i t of Manners .). Hokk. 30tjl ; in Paintln(f,Scrvlie-l.''jtl] century.:! l."i j Skill i)y 1. in Fine Arls-AnKaio. .'ii:. ; " " " ' Italy. 3111 I Sue 1'RK(;EI)KNT. I Kstabiishinu p.-Nap(j|eon I. 41lii.") Higlit l)y 1). -Napoleon I liKtt KXASPEKATIOIV. Uashness of e.-Kthun Allen. *li(('7 Miscoll:iiiO(ji]s critss-refercnci'S. Calmness provokes e. -Socrates. 700 by Inhumanity-Sepoys. 4847 in Misfortune feared. 18C7 Sec ANGER iind I'KOVOCA'I'IdN in loc. Miscellaneous n(i...sreference. Needless e. rebuked. See BURLESQUE. Christmas festivities In Italy. See CARICATURE. Religious c.-Pope-Eugland. EXAiniNATIOlV. Needless e.-End of a web s. EXCKl.E.ENri!:. Cost of e. -Time. 2150 a50 49.33 "1959 ♦1908 Cross-references. without Credit-Emp. Gratlan. 1007 Imitation proves e. 384 See (iOOl). Doing g. dally. *-i:m Cross-reference. Fearless of e.-Methodists. 705 See DISCUSSION and EVIDENCE in loc. EXAinPIiE. Folio wed-Self -destruction. Instruction by e. -Gauls. Power of e.-Patrlotlsm. " " "-Gen. Jaoksou. " "-John Huss. ' -Peter the Great. Quoted-Johnson by G. ♦1900 *196I *1902 ♦1903 *1964 *1965 ♦1906 for Evil, Returning g. See (K)ODNESS. False g.-Charllaus. Greatness of g.-Perlcles. " " " -Puritans. Terrifled by g.-Henry III. Miscellaneous cross-references. of Benevolence-Mahomet. 624 Encouragement by e. -Napoleon. 647 Enthusiasm by e.-Joan. 053 Following o. of others. .3740 " "-Benevolence. 4163 " "-Desertion. 1.537 of Frugality-Cresar. 3103 " Generoslty-J. Harvard. 3388 Gift-the Better. 2388 Imltated-Government. 4873 Inspiration by e.-Oolnmbus. 981 Instructed by e.-Peter the O. 1493 Instruction by e.-Paul. ,3824 " " -Cato. 397 " " " ~P. Henry. 5694 of God, Inflnlte g. Greatness of g.-C. de' Medici. Lasting glory of Agesilaus. Re.spected-John the Good. See MERIT. Evidence of m. -Promotion. Force by m.-Poet Terence. Ignorance by m. -Saracens. Nobility by m. -Napoleon I. Pav*'al m. -Samuel Johnson. Promotion by m. -Anglo-Sax. Supremacy of m -Napoleon I. 4027 ♦2394 ♦3395 ♦3396 ♦2397 1423 2477 23(B 3618 *.3.-)89 *35!I0 *3.')lll *3."i',l3 *.3.");i:i *3.'>94 ♦.3595 vs. Adulation-Athenians. 5337 Borrowed m. charged-Kaphael. 415 Combined m. of Raphael. 446 Crown of m. -Romans. i;i3."i Encouragement to m. -Crown. Kiii Honors without m. 3'.«;3 " for m.-" Win spurs." 3t>;iO Less than money. ,3071 Mediocre m. despised by Shelley. 197 vs. Merit-Moez. 3074 Nobility of m. -Sentimental. 1917 Overlooked- Johu A^aipa. 4314 837 I I'ersiMiiled l)y li'ti rlor.". 3().')5 I'recediiici of m.. Small. 4,398 Promotion by m.-Croinwi'll. 4513 " "• Spartans. ]h33 liecogtiltloii of m. by Tlincvur.- 130, Wespect for ni School, ihoI Uewarded vs. Rank. MVi If'iyally of m. Cromwell. 3;i3t) of SmImIs Transferred by jMipe. 71 1 Success by ni.-" Win liisspiirs,"l,Mi(» " A. .loliiison ,MI('i Test of m.-I-'iclil ( ■.■il)crus. :i;t,i,s Women, Four pcrf. ci t](r,v, S.i'WnKIII Moral w. Louis I.\ nmn Kniinence by w. II. Wilson. IMOS Work l)rings w. oxcii (1151 Sec K.M'EUT. SKILL :,i»i VIIITIK KXi'KSS. licaclion of IV V.\. of rliiis. I Mis('i'l!aii,'(,ii-i rf. IS- ri'Tci-tnci-.- in Hecreatlon "(icnticnien." Tendency (jf wine .lohiisoii S.-., KA.NATlrls.M /„ i„v. ►nii'ili 4t;37 10 i<:x4:i':ssi:s. Ruinous e. t'liarles XII. *VXM Sic E.XrilEMlSI'S. Exaggeration of e. Non-reslst. .'!83< Judgment of e., Heligiou? I13r> sii nissii'ArioN. k.\tka\ a (JANCE, E.XTRKMKS iii.il (ibrT'l'dNV ill Iw. i<:x<;H.\N(>:ii:. CrnssritiTciire. I'neciual e.- Homuliis. Sic sniSTiTm: n, in EX<^rsE. Laws-First English. Unexecuted Kobert Hun -. .'.osi ♦1971 ♦1973 EX<'ITEinEIVT. Delusive e.-Wni. P. of Orange. ♦197,'i of Discovery-California gold. ♦1974 Popular e.-As.sassination of ('.♦197,"> Mlscflhuu'ous cfiiss-rcfiTi'iicos. Abstinence in c.-<;amblers. 6140 of Adventure-Conquest of Fla. '5 Collapse after e. Columbus. ;i598 Fatal in old age Prest. Harrison. 131 Labor in e.. Tireless. 1003 Loveof Perilous e. Wni. P. of f) 4111 by Novel-reading " Pamela." .SSi'? Pleasure in e.- Roman circus. 331 Popular e. -Boston massacie " " against Charles I. " by Stamj) Act. " against Caliiolics. " -Stamp Act N Y. Public e. -Acquittal of Hishoiis. 3031 Keligions c. -Methodists. 470.3 Unmanned bye.-Wealtli 4884 Sec AOri'A'l'ldN. Perils of a.-Reformatlon. ♦14B Perseverance In a. .Vnti-Slav. ^147 ,3517 3,53.3 3,535 241 4077 Clairvoyant a -Swedeuborg. 014 !»16 s:i,s KXCOMMrNlCATlON— KXI'KDirioN i '' Kmlm. riiiJMtiK^nt-J. A. b. G. 11 . 274 NoedlesH u. London panic. mm I'litrlotism lnHiiined by a. ■■aar, uroiiNed by a. •41 in Political a. EuKlund. •|-,'4J " " oppoBcd-WlilKs. '(!ll^> Power of a. Pctt;r the Heitnlt. imi Unseasonable a. Cato m>\) Sto AI.AKM. Needless-Pertlnax made om|). *10.-) UeliKlous H. of Luther. ♦ItiU of Consclence-I3. Abbott. iKiy M(!sscnKer of a.-P. Uevere. .IHHI Nations In a. of Napoleon. 41UU tiuicted by Scripture. 10H7 Hellglou promoted by a.-Lu' ner-VtSl SuperBtltlous a. -Europeans. 5430 Unexpected a.-Uomo-(;eese. lOUl by VIslon-Hriitiis. 6840 .Si'e AN.VIKTY. Oonsumlnfc a. of Marlborough. ♦a45 Maternal a. for Infant-Indians 118 Parental a. of U, Burns' father. *840 of ResponslblUty-A. Lincoln. *847 Common to humanity. mot Parental a. of Kmp. Severus. ^':i!t Kellef from a. -God. 4.-).'-)H Relieved by humor-L. 1750 See AWAKKNIWU. Sp'ritual-Bunyan. 1180 " " 569 " -Terrlble-Bunyan. 5100 " -Martin Luther. 1178 -Terrifylnft-Nelson. 118!) " " -Bunyaii. 1191 -A. Clark. 1181 -Bartley Campbell. 41(a " -H. 1). GouRh. 1179 " -Misery in. 1I9:1 " -I5Elancholy-Fox. a-)04 -by Prayer. 1188 " -Unhappiness by. 1192 Soe CUAZK. for Gold-Emigrants. 3.388 See ENCHAXTMEXT. Boyish e.-David Crockett. o:w " "in books-IrvlHR. 0-,'G Personal e. by Maliomet. 2184 See EXASPERATION. Rashness by e. -Ethan Allen. '1967 Calmness provokes e. -Socrates. 700 by Inhumanity-Sepoys. 4847 Intended-mad Cambyses. 2881 in Misfortune feared. 1267 Rashness of e.-Boston m'8sacre.35i7 Uncontrollable e. of W'shlnp:t'n.4480 See EXHILARATION. Music VS. Drink. 37.53 See MOB. Audacity of Paris m. -Revolution. 658 Calmness amid the m. -Wesley. 098 of Fanatics controlled by clem. 40 MLstaiien-Cinna put to death 372 Terrifying m.-New York draft. 3646 See NERVOUSNKSS. Evinced by Samuel Johnson. *3807 See PANIC by Contraction of finances. *3979 Financlal-U. S., 1873. *3980 Financial Ennland. 1817. *3981 Needless p. " Popish plot," ♦.•)982 Mttht of p.-Anarchy in Lond. *3983 I'nexpected p Ennhind 182.') ♦.'1984 Artificial cause of p. 21U5 <'itlzen8 p.-Paul.loncs at W. 045 civil War Homo Kubicon. 2117 Defeated by p.-A(,'lnroiirt. 3h;14 " " Nap,, Kliiuiiclal p. .'i2.><7 Klnuaolal p. -France. 221 1 "-EnK.-CliHS, 11. 2892 " " -France. 5280 See ENTHl'SIAS.M, KANATHISM aiiil PASSION ill Inr, KXrOiliraiJNK^ATION. or Money-Papal. '"1976 Cro-tM-relVrenCf. Terrors of e. -Greek Church. 12 See EXlTl.SIoN inluc. BXri'SK. Abandoned by Llxarius. •197 Miscellaneous crossreferitnces. Convenient e.-Dlsobedlence. 1904 Feeble e. -Divorce of 11. VIM. 3444 for Shameful conduct-Penn. 007 EXCVSES. Ignominious e. of James II. '1978 See APOLOdY. Degradln/^ a. demanded by J.n.*248 Assassin's a. -Caracalla. 1123 Doubtful a.-Marrlajfe of VI. VII 1.4.')8 Weak a. for ingratitude. 28.")7 See PRETEXT, for Banishment of French Caths.448 Commercial p.-Lysander. 819 Conscience a p. -Sunderland. 1186 for Divorce-Henry VIII. -Peter III. Fiinisy p. for war-Romans. " Extortion-Henry VIII. RollKlon a p.-Blbulus. Religious p. for vlce.-Mahomet. 03 " of James II. ,'i77 See VINDICATION. Audacious v. by Bothwell. * See EXPLANATION in loc. 0C(;9 6009 428 430 38,50 ,5H;12 EXECUTION. Brutal e.-Duke of Monmouth. *19r9 Inhuman-Monmouth's rebels. *1980 Mlscellaneou!* cross-references. Bravery at e. -Du Chatelard. Bruta''ty In e. of Monmouth. " " " " rebels. Composure at e. 1407, Coveted e.-Donatist martyrs. Disgraceful e. merited. Escape from e.-Swedenborg. First American e. on gallows, of Friend by a friend. Horrifying e. of rebels. " "-Boiling water. Ineffective, Public e. Infamous e. of Raleigh, of Innocent men-Negro plot. Pleasure In witnessing e. 3342 1979 1980 1412 3500 1357 5681 4003 1364 4630 4031 4509 1139 4214 1355 Preveiited-Capt. Jolm .Smith. Uansonu'd by e. of friends, shameful e., Henry Vane's. Triumph In e. by fortitude. See ("RC(,'IKIXION. .Modern u. in India. Agony of 0., Great. Honored after c.-Josus. See IIANOINO. Forecast of h.-.\m. patriots. Public h -S. Johnson's views, a Remedy-Cromwell's. rvn 1141 1211/ * 13.11 1H 1.321 *251i) ♦251 1 ♦2512 or Marrlage-Wm. Wat's cholee. 3434 EXERCISE. Important e. -Military. ^1981 See ACTIVITY, Military a.-Roinans. ♦.39 Determined a.-" Close action." 1904 Success by unexpected a. See WALKING i»i l„r. EXERTION. Absorbed In e. -Napoleon I. See ENERGY hi toe. EXHIBITION. Immense e.-Am. Contennial. 1491 ♦1982 ♦1983 Miscellaneous cross-references. 01 Beauty-Cleopatra -Antony. 6278 Brutal-.(E8thetical e. of Romans. 102 Dishonorable-Commodus. 34.30 Impressive e. of bloody g'rm'nts.46 103 821 3805 815 2i Realistic e. of Romans. See CIRCUS. Passion fore. -Romans. See EXPOSITION, of Industry-Timour. See TOURNA.MENT. of Chivalry-Edward I. Splendid t. by Henry II. of F See DISPLAY and THEATRE in loc. EXHILARATION. Cross-reference. of Music vs. Drink. 375.3 See CHEERFCLNESS and IN- Tl MPERANCE in lw.\ EXILE. Miscellaneous cross-references. Happily ended-Clcero. 1058 Honored e. -Lafayette. 4318 Long e.-" The Pretender." 6223 Provision in e., Generous. 3641 EXISTENCE. Cross-reference. Memorials of e.-Few Indians. 3568 EXPECTATION. Delusive e. of Columbus. *19S4 EXPECTATIONS. Popular e.-Civil War. *1985 See CONFIliENCE and HOPE IH loc. EXPEDITION. Remarkable e., De Soto's. ^1980 Cross-reference. Remarkable e.-Hanulbal-Alps. 5234 See AI)Vi;.NHIlEU. Born u.-IIernaudo t'ortez. K» Drram of mi ti. -Count do H. 1S8 Iloniired-Ooo. VllllorB by Ji»s. I. 404 -Ul«(rr4ct'fiil a. '..MIO Sec .\I>VKNTI'KKRS. DlsHppolnteil-Theodorlo and fi. ♦?.) Numerous a with ('apt J. Smith. •«) Kcmarkable a.-Ue Soto's ex. Successful a. -Three men. Sec EXI'KOKKKS. Inhumanity of e, to Indians. liellKious e -Catholics In Am. !fff URU.^ADKS I'll loc. EXPENSE. Division by e.-13 States. 7:m ♦1087 Croas-rcfurenci'. Inconsiderate of e.-Ooldsmltb. ijaC3 See KCOXOMY. K.KTU.W.VdANCK, KKfUALlTY iinil I'Uit'K in Inc. EXPERIENCE. Guidance of e.-Dlsc. of S. A. Needless-Com. Perry-Am. R. Personal e. for reformation. Test of human e.-S. Johnson. *1988 •KIHil •lono *199I Miscellaneous croBS-references. Benevolence prompted by e. Oatned by loss-Spaniards, Judgment from e.-Father. Lesson of e. -"Adversity." " " " -Napoleon I. Lessons of e.-Peter Cooper. " " -Soldiers. " " -Wm. P. of O. of Poverty-Lesaons-Johnson. Sympathy from e.-S. Johnson. Untaught by e. -James 11. " " "-Crusaders. ' EXPERiniENT. Inwmplete e.-Prof. SUUman. *1902 Scientific e.-Youthful Newton. *1993 43r)5 2815 2108 3277 4021 1785 2814 6104 4355 5493 4085 4150 Miscellaneous cross-references, in Diet of Sailors-Irving. 2734 Proof by e. of matter. 1935 Science by e. -Bacon. 5049 Success by e.-Dr. Morton. 5410 EXPERIMENTS. Miscellaneous cross-references. Knowledge by e.-R Stevenson. C.39 Progress of coeiety by e. 900 EXPERT. toy Practice-Jeffreys. *1994 389 3041 Crossreforence. Physical e -Henry II. EXPERTS. Unappreciated-Frederick II. See ABILITIES. Misapplied -Fred. Il.-Voltalre. *3 Numerous a -R. Emp. Jiistinian. *4 Overrated-Pompey. ♦o Shown in youth. -Alexander. *0 Useless-J. Dryden-Debate. ^7 kxpknsp:- rxTdUTiox. Conversational a S, Johnson. 1172 ')anKtrous a.-Unlt structed. l.W Dililomatlc a.-<'orrupte(l. I.V.U " " -Remarkable. ItiiHi l''i(iUl for a., Appropriate. 4221 Iraiiracllcal a.-Mllton In p'lltlcH.42,"r Manifold a. -(iueen i;i!/alMth. SOU.') MUappllod -Failure- Newt on. 2I(K) '• -Golds'h. 2o;io -"Miign't lirule " lOilH MispUiced-iilbbon In l'arrment.40,'')4 Multiplex a., Cicsar's. 24;') Numerous ii. (ialllcnus. IWiO Practical a. M. Van Huron. 42.M Pie.'iunialile u.-Klevatlon .'i.W.l Prostituted a.-Knip. (iratlaii. 1007 Restricted field for a. of Cii'sar. 27."i Triumph of a.-\Vm. Pitt. :Vm; Wrecked, Splendid a. -Burns 2027 Sec SA(iAcnY. Political s. -Henry clay. 1275 " " -Professional polit'n.4274 See SKILL. Misapplied s.-Perp'i motion. *.Miw Proof of s. -Rothschild. *.")l(i!i ^larksraan's s.-Commodus. " "-Crockett. Sec SPECIALriY. Success by s.-Kmp. Maxlmlau. EXPIATION. (.'roHs-rcfcrcncc. Sin of youthful pride. See ATONEMKNT. Belief of American Indians, of Vengeance. -Am. Indians. EXPLANATION. Relief by e.-Loui.s Philippe. Cross-ri'tVrciicc. Neglect of e. in family gov't Sec AI'OKOOY. Degrading a. demanded by .1.11. 411 248 Convenient o. for disobedience. 1904 Feeble e.-Dlvorce of H. VIII. 3444 for Shameful conduct. -W. Penn 007 See EX(;l'SES. Ignominious e. of James II. *1978 See IXTEKPKETATION. Unrestricted i. of mythology. ♦29.59 three Senses in the Bible-S. See INSTRUCTION ialoc 5>-3 EXI'ONIi ION. Miitry by Tlnioiir. EXPOSIRE. of Purpose (at holii^ plans Threat of c , ()|?U'e by. 3i;in 4322 *5277 1002 51.-)8 4S48 ♦1995 Assassin's a.-Caracalla. 1123 Doubtful a.-Man-iage of II. VHI.4.'i8 Weak a. for Ingratitude. 2S57 See DEFINniOX. Partial d. -Plato's man. 3391 See EXtJl'SE. Abandoned by Llgarlus. *1977 8;ju l'.H-! 2H05 *lt»0« *iyi)7 -Misrclliiiic.iuH cr(i.4r*.rrC''r<-'H .'.i of ( itlelty of Applus Clauiliili. ia55 ■' Hypocrisy Pleasing. •.'li'.H " Vices of M. Piirliainent 4S7» '■ Vice, Woman's revenge for. I8.">S Sec iNrnu\i:.:ii. Diistanlly I. Jiinies Itiirtoii nHr^) Massacre prevented by i loiiij Sec INKullMKUs. Rejected by Vespasian *284.^ Itlackniall paid to i. 2008 EXPULSION. of Scholars Fellows of M. C, •1904 Misccllancnur* crl>.^,s-rcf\'rlMlrlM of Aliens from U. S. De.served e. Bribery Sir J. N. Humiliating e. from Lincoln (vcm Ministry s. Johnson. Vigorous e. -Bribery resenteil Wronged by e. -Minister. Sec EXILE. Happily ended-cicero. Honored e -Lafayette. Long e.-"The Pretender." Provision in e., (Jenerous. EXTKK.1IINATION War of e , (^Mieei\ .\nn"'s. See DESiiL.STION ;iii.l HEMIl TinN (II lor. EXTORTION. Complete e. -England by L. (Jruel e. -Jew's tooth dally. " "-Mass. Colony Dilemma in e.-Ilenry \IH. of fJovernnient-Charles I. Misnamed " Benevolence." Outrageous e. Romans in B. Royal e. -Richard II. Subni'ssion to e.-M. Crassus 107 OOi) •)3l .■ill 10 I). 07:! 1081 : of Benevolence-IIenry VIII. I " " -James I. Capitalist's o.-Jews. ! church e. of dues-England. I Disgraceful e.-Joan of Arc. I of Gifts for Maxentius. " " " Charles I. , by Government-France. j of Jailers for debt. , " :Merchants-Roman. Balanced-George Washington. .3400 I EXPLORERS. I Miscellaneous cr(iss-referciice:i. 1 Inhumanity of e. to Indians. 908 I Religious e. -Catholics in Am. 7.36 EXPORTS. I Miscellaneous cmssi-fcrciiccs. i Opposed-Coal from England. 1131 Restricted e.-New England Col. 980 " -England. " Offertory-Duke of Guise. Permitted-Courtiers-James II. of Prisoners by jailers. Religion opposed by e. Revenge of masses on Rufinius of Traders-England. Universal e. -English judges. Unterrified by e.-U. Peter 4318 02-iJ 2011 •lOO'.l *200() •2001 •20()2 *'200:> •2004 *2(X)5 *20('ii ♦2(X)7 *2008 430 523 712 868 17'iO 376 .3662 3073 21 2.^: ,56.5«; 5659 SO'ii) 527 007 4469 1190 , 427 B656 121T. 840 EXTUAVA({AN('i:— FAITH. I Soc lll.ACKMAII,. Cnnit-rcffrcnt'i'. Contribution JustlHttd. aKiH Her IIAI'ACITV. ll(iynl r. of Henry III. ♦l»;i:i UollU'sllc c. U. II. lO.UlKI p. ♦•J(K(il in Kood "CofTcc iiiid 'I'i'a." 'JOIO Opprt'ssloM by n t liarlos I. ••jiii i I'rUle, of \\c)iinilf(l Will. I'ltt. *«)!•,• Itubiikeil by WuHliliiKloii. *;'0i;) liulnouH e. of Komiins. ''.Htu MlscclhuM'uiis cross-rotVTt'tii-t'-. HatKiUdt Court of Hoiiu'. ■i')-4 Crlnnis proc'i'cil froinc. .\rnol(l.:;i5(')ll Crufl o. of Wra. lie c. ;i!m;i lu Dross encouriiKed II. VIII. ITiH " " rcritidofo. i:;.'!! " Fijasts-lioiniiiis. ;i3Tl " Kctniilo dress noiimns. K.'iO " Foodslricliitf-blrds. :;.'1TH LlinlttMl by lt.w-KnKlaii(l. ir.'W vs. Poverty (.ii.stli'iimlni". ■VViH Prevent li-n of e. Plaiudw'lUnKS.lT.M ]{el)Uked-()sleiitutlous barber. lUIlT ■■1G3H .■!(i:;! 6318 mi;! 5filiH 2073 3H!1 aua ♦3303 *.'!3(it ♦33(52 ♦3305 ♦3300 ♦3307 ♦3308 ♦3369 ♦3370 ♦3371 ♦a372 in Hocreatlon-IJa.lazet. ItiiluoiH e. (iov't F. In Sport-t)ttoman. s™ MWliRIlOS. Comparafivo 1.- Scots- Knj;. DemorallziiiK 1.- Alexander. Ileaven'.s l.-Moliammudau. Kejeeted by Mahomet. Kopressed by sumptuary 1. Warfare against 1., Cii'sar's. Si'o I.U.XUKY. Uanprers of 1. Puritans. Denied Oxford friars. Kiiiploynient of the poor. Kvllof 1. Spartans. Excess In 1 -Alexander. Misplaced lu Roman camp. Nauseous 1. -Tobacco, vs. Poverty-Komans. Hepudlated-Prlmitlve C. Senseless 1 -Roman feast. Cnsatlsfying l.-Iialan. KXTHKITIITV. Dellvenince lu e Wni, 1'. of «).*lMi;2 Hi'.K'KlSIS. Kqual to the e. Cromwell. •i:xi,1 Resolution at tlie r.- Di'vereux. (i.M KYi:. DIsfldured SaniiU'l .lolinsion. ♦•,'iil7 MlsrfllHiiL*(Hi« irii>s rcrvrcmi'H. Aeeident kills Henry II. of I''raii(C.JH mind, Convctnieiitiy Nelson. 11«>I Detielent-Samnel Johnson. 3','H'.' Destroyed In antcer. 3'Jiil Wounded In the e. -Harold. :)lil Useless e. -Siamese Junks. ••.>()18 MIscoIlftnci)!!.-* crniH r'-lVrcnces. Decoivei I? ,M IS .Mil , .II.Ml •I J 1 1 1,107 a089 •ir.'it 'ItOI 19;!T l!Ki7 10.'i3 4.308 2087 ♦41(.S ♦■14I1 KIdleuled by Parthlans. 17ia by Success-Captain Lawrence. 2570 Successful p. of three men. 107t> of Youth-Naslca. 881 1 " " -Pompey. 6210 *' '• Louis XIV. (1209 FAITHFVLNKSS. Rewarded by the people. *2(M0 Miscellaneous erosa-rcfcrcnce.s. Rewarded-" It Is thine own." 4879 .S('e KIDELITY. Tested-Crown rejected. *2128 of Anlmal-Soldler's dog. Confldonco In f.-Frederlck. Ilumble f.-Pompey's slave. Oath of f. to Mahomet. " " "-Roman soldier. Political f. ill-rewarded. Remarkable f.-Indlans-Penn. " -Slaves. Rewarded with treachery, of Slaves of Cornutus. to Truth rewarded. Unfailing f. -Napoleon '.s grave Pee LOYALTY. Esteemed-OUver Cromwell. Unreserved-Widow Windham Vigorous 1. of Bismarck. Zealous L of Puritans. 3578 1247 22.53 3835 3838 2854 5700 5199 2850 5351 8040 , 2239 *,''357 ,♦3358 *,3359 *3360 .MlscclluijiMiiii criiu-rervreiicuii. I)l8(|uall(led by I. James II. Distrusted- Itouianlst.H. VH. I, Iborty-Ue volution. Loving I. to Adrian. Outward 1. rcconirnendcd. Proof of 1. Seven.'. Haerlfleo of I. Woman. Siu Dl'TV itiiil oIlKDIK.NiK h, !■„■. FAIiNICIIOOD. • 'oiiUrmcd In f.-( hurley I. (iovornmental f.- Napoleon [. (irowth of f. by carelessncHH. .lustltled by .lesidts. " " Samuel Johnson. 3,519 I'.) 1(1 lUiH) v.m .'IHIH i;i48 Diplomacy of Kllzabeth. by Lying spirits Swedenborg. Pious f. of loyalty. vs. Trulh-Samut'l Johnson. Pee KLATTKllV. Artful f. -Ciiptlvc Zciiobia, False f. of Henry VIII. I'ulsomc f. of James I. Irritating f.-Ered. the Great. Uesented- Alexander. Kewarded, I'"xcc8slvo f. •2(VJ1 •2012 *20i;t '•-'(III '2045 I.V.Itl 5311 13IH Deception by f.-Hochc.strr. Develops servltuili'- Romans. Ktnbarrassment liy f.-( lesar. for Kavor-Voltalre. Fulsome f. of Chiis. I. by Elm of Royalty-Charles I. by EIik Wealth by f. Legacies, of Woman's beauty-EUzabetl Pee LIAK. Proverbial 1. Dick Talbot. Pee LIIiKI.. Trials for 1. -William Uoii- Anonymous 1. -Milton. False accusation of 1. Indifferent to 1. -Frederick II. Press prosecuted for 1. I. II ti i( Pee PERJURY. Punishment of p., Judicial. Punished with death Shameful p.-" Dick " Talbot. See SLANHEK. Defence from s.- Napoleon I. from Envy-John Dunyan. Fine for s.-8.500,O0O. Opposition by s. J. Wesley. Persecutor's s -Constantino, of Piety-nichard Baxter's. Punished by James I. Uowarded-DIck Talbot. Victim of s. -Columbus. ♦2U.2 '*21.Vi *21.Vl ♦21.')5 •2l.5e ♦2 1, '.7 1471 305 2(;57 2825 ■h. fiO h. CO n'lri 1. 2(J81 •.'i202 *320.'! 11 05 ■",049 52!W 4i;!C 4438 ♦4112 ,5210 00,32 •►BUO ♦5171 '*5172 *5173 *5iri *5I75 ♦5170 *5177 *5178 vxnti. Belateii J. q .\>Uims. *2iM('> by Conipeiliioii \V Ml. Parry. •jo-iT Costly .Sir \v. S.dtl. ♦-.'(MS by Discovery .\. W. passage. *2(>49 DI.Htani Lincoln Italy. •2o."i() linposloi's TliusOates. 'JOM by In'-iiny \s> rrf.TI'Tlcci. i .\iiilillliin for f, Thetnlstoile.^, IM'.i I AtnbidiPiis for f.-TriiJiili. 2.'ii;7 Cntitliigeneles of f. Mules. .'1322 Coiitraillellon (iniitvs, M. 2185 Delayed .Milloti'.s f. •j:W5 Desired next to power. 195 Dliiilnullon of f. L'l7i; Dirnliil.sliiiig Thirty antlfors. a:iol Iiicreiishig p(isilniiMi)iis Itiiriis. 2181 Llti^ature neeessury to f. ,31111 j Merited Frederick II. 5808 I Misappropriated elms. Lee. 4789 [ Monuments of Pyrainld. 2305 [ Neglect followed by f. 3270 Omission of f, T. Croinwell. 'J.'JSO I'asslon for f.-Tliemlstocles. 180 " " " Fred, the (Jreat. '208 without Popularity U. (lay. 1.310 Toll for f Virgil. 3311 rnd(!stral)le f. Shame. 0003 Wide extended f. of Wa"!). 3081 Se.' (UtEAT MEN. Courting g. m. ♦.■!51!/ Periods of g. in. *;i'j80 Providential. •3681 *XtH-J Abusive s. of Nap. by Britons. 24 of Americans by Sam. Johnson. 814 Inconsistency of s.-Nap. I. by E. 24 Shameful s. of woman. 6031 Victim of s.-Cromwell-" King. "3893 -Bolivar. 4044 See DECEPTION in loc. coincldence-Roniulus and T. 007 Dishonored! ■oinmlms. 1018 Ad. Hlakc. 10.57 Example of g.m. -Conversation. 1170 ( )vcrpral.sed-Pomi)cy. 1370 Weakness of g.m. D'niosth'n's.. 50.59 Se.' HONORS. Burdcnsoin(!-( irant-.Mfonso. *'J02I ( 'ompulsory Saturidniis. *2(;22 Demanded by Cromwell. •2023 Ml-erable-Aged Titus. *2634 Premature h. of Hrtl(iii('(l Martul. yiH7 l.Hi^niry (IcKrci's uiuluRorvud. fiO.'JS Lost by (loltiy-Siiiirtuni). M\7 for iMiirlt I'oniimiloii. iH-jn Mlniipplled-I'iiciihonliis. r>()!)t iMls|)laocd Olympic KrtiiieH ••iHO -Knipcror Cliiudliis. .'iMrii Music; lu'illRS f.-Uiz/.ln, 3r.")l Oppoiluidly (if Uliick I'rlnce. ITO llocclvcd i-<'luotantly-I'ertluax'(i.l(l5 UoMtorcd to Cloero. It.'iH Sale of li. luviMlcd. m-M StOf Impost'd Napoleou. VVM SelfialinesH In scckliiK. M7H Surrender for vlrluo. OHO of Triumph MiiK'Htloent. rjri!) 'I'roubhisoine-Uolden crown. l.'Jx!!) I'lmpprcclated ( romwoU's. Wiri" Uudeservcd-A farmer. 3177 Uiienjoyed-Mllton'!'. 3.)10 rnsatlsfactory h. HlKh offlce. IH3 Vexatious h. -Napoleon. 7r)l Vh^l lusly bestowed <.n Nero. 43U5 Wearl.some-Crotnweirfi. aiTO Withdrawn-Cromwell's. 48.51 WIthheld-John Cabot. 091 See DI.^TINCTIO.V in loc. F\]TIIL.I4HITY. Ill tnanncred-Jame.s IIokk. *;^0 ll"gttrd for a. Uiisslans. 1121 Scf ANCK.STUY. Humble a. of poet Horace. ♦225 Ineffective a. Prince Itiipert. ♦220 Unlike a. -Orleans prince.-.. ♦227 Barbarous a. of Europeans. 2719 Base a. -Witches and demons. 1528 Character from a.-C^. Ell/,at)eth. 703 " " " -Americans. 771 Depraved a., Nero's. l.Vi2 " a. confessed. 80ti0 Disreputable a. -John XII. 4.i(ri Dlvlno-Spurlous-Silenus, 2.380 Genius by a.-John Milton. 2298 Happiness affected by a. 350o Humble a.- N. R. Gabrinl. rm "Diocletian. .595 Nobility of a. despised-Nap. 3.592 I'rido Id honest a.-Napoleon. 3592 Savage a. of Europeans. 2719 Selected a.-I'ilgrim Fathers. 3173 I'nfortunate a.-Charle8 I. .'1028 See BROTH EH. Bloody b.-Caracalla. 1123 Rejected for cowardice. 1273 Tyranny of Franklin's elder b. 23;!1 (;:;s Sec IlEUEDITY. of Disposition-Frederick 11. ♦2.551 Failure of h. -Howard's father.^25.52 of Character-Cliarles I. 3028 Contradloted-Orleans princes. 227 of Crime-Casar's family. 2072 Cruelty by h.-Nero. 1347 2072 of Disposition-Frederick II. 2551 " " -Meianclioly. 3580 -Nero. 5200 Failure of h.-Cromweil's son. .59.57 of Genius-Watts. 2315 " -Blaise Pascal. 8384 in Government-Monarchy. 2451 " " -Female line-I. 24,58 Incompetence by h.-tJoldsmlth. 4.348 in Mechanics East Indian. 35.37 of Profession in Egypt. 448G " Sliamelessness-Ferdinand. 200G .w IIM.ME. IlcautlfieJ-Walter Hcotf,. *i;,:y} ('(iiiimon Hdtnan li docrlbod. ♦2.591 Deserted -Londoner's li. ♦2591 raUtlal h. Human. ♦2.5il5 .sliadiMl I'urltan's h. ♦2.590 Tlioughlfiil cif h. .\. Lincoln, ♦2.597 lUoody li. -I'alaooof the Cassars. 21)72 u C.istle, Poor man's h. 3112 Courtesy at h. Ancienti". 4H0;i Desolated liy death J. Watt. .502 LxpelltMl from li. for platy. 1003 Inferior to English Inn 2870 Invention tji'iiefits h. dishes. 29;.l Mistaken Oliver Goldsmith. i'M ProtecttMl, Poor woman's. .30.57 Itcllgious training at h. W. IHIJ " h.-Purltau-Croniwell .39!'.) Remembrance of li. -Gen. Fniser.ls2 Ruined by war-Nlcetas' h. 2211 vs. the State Josephine's d. KS Transformed (Jarlbaldi's li. 40 1, • Wasted by death -Sir W. Scott. I'.iu K.'U IKI.MEH. BanUliment from h.-.\readlans. IH Building of h. -Plymouth. .504 Destitute h.-Engllsh laborers. 3123 Destitution of h.-Old England. 28.58 Discord in palatial li. 1020 Filthy h. of IrLsh poor. 1510, 1511 Humble h.-Tartars. 3978 of the Poor degraded-England. 4293 Unattractive h.-Spartan. 1754 See HOME LIFE, of Savages-Am. Indians. ♦2.599 .'^ce KI.MIUEI). Confidence of k. withheld. 0201 Sec KlNSIIIl'. Lines of k. reversed -Indians. 2O0S See KINSMAN, olillgatlon of k. -Kindness of M. 918 See MATRICIDE. Infamous m. by Nero. See I'ARRICIOE. Crime of p. " impossible." Punishment of p. 3743 1110 ♦11)00 ♦4007 by Boys ten years old. 129,'"> Sue SISTER. Comforting s., John Bunyan's.*5107 See CHILDREN and I'ARENTS ill loc. FAiniNE. Brutalized by f.-Athenlans. Cannibals in f. -France. Depopulated by f. -Bengal. Di-itress of f.-Rome, a.d. 546 Re>ource in f.Horses-Moscow.^'2080 Trials of f.-Plymouth Colony. ♦8081 by War-Canada, a.d. 1758. ♦2088 ♦8076 ♦8077 ♦207.8 ♦8079 Miscellaneous cros.s-referencos. Brutality in f.-Athtnians. 2076 Death by f .-80,000 Moslems robbed. 1 Depopulated by f. -Italy. 5S88 Endurance iu f.-Sixty days. 15 Extortion during f.-Mass. 2002 Life destroyed by f.-One-third. 2078 by JIon'^polists-Roman. 3090 i^ 8ulidu«(l bjr r. (alalH. 40.J9 by Wiir sieK»f "f Roi i. 5(Hlt " " -Euiflaiul. M'M.') NVlnUT of f. Vlritlnla Colony. •^M').') Hec ItrNdKli. lii8u(iitl)lo h. of K<>ld senkera. •atlT'.l AddieHd to h. (Iimoult. soil HeHiieriitlon of li. ('aniilbnls. IIMl rtiisliliitf I'poni li. 81eK«- l.'n*-,' I'lvsHiire of li. Sailors. IHIIM Silt 1,1 uKated by h. -Pride. 4I.M^ s.'c STAKVATION. Depopulated by h. Italy. ♦.')*« Coii'radlcted-Fut. FANATIC. Itiianc f.-l'iirltan MuttKleton. PANATK'IMin. li.iiiKers of f. -Reformation. Idolatrous f.-Kmp. Antoninus. IntUined by f.-Joan of Arc. Miracles, Test by. KolU'iiius f. ^ Hef. " propliets." " (iunpowder plot. " -Peter the Hermit. " -Fifth Monarcliy. " Prots. In Scotland. Scandalous f. -Quakers. Visions of f. -Crusaders. ♦aoH5 ♦aoH7 ♦aOH!) *aolor 3lo:| Ilutfd \ V nilMguvcrned children ^1.5 Hearlbroken f, Henry 11. 4iH>5 IB'M Help (if f. rcfiiHcd. '.,60 lluitiaiiH f Mr Dmtin and Ind«.ll7 ,lu«llccvs Affection. 'MW-i Life of r.. Petition for Cha.'. iilioiit tlio witathur.^tilKI Sro KKKKCTS. ('ov| Hi'i' rUSSl MISTS. Kn-or (if |>, KvIIm uri) old. i',>o Niktiolilil p. KiiuIIhIi liiiiikril|)t(:y.|5t Si'|. KKI'KI.MAMi. KlitlUoiiN I-. I.iiiuytdlo. of Kiridiu^Ms .Jolinsoii. S.v UKI'Uiior. MenknosH In r. Dr. Taylor. rnd«'sorvrd-I)r. Arnold. Uudlsturbod by r. (;. WiimIi l«'ul,li by r. Tftzi'l'M. Denlrt'il (iood Kinii. iliillan. .SiiKuoloiH r. Wife's. Sc.' KlUlnU ni /,„•. KA%'OK. Mlaoclliinciiiis l■r■'l^^.r(■^l•l•l■nc^■!^. Flattery for f. ",i)ltulri). InKunloUH request of f. HeJcoIi-d-UcspotiHlblllty. Seduutlvo f.-dolden roHO. FAVOIII'riNItl. ScandaloiiH f. of chas. II. •ITM ♦irrr. •ivrii •irmi ♦ITHI IHHH ■I8HI IIKM l*H ^Ifll •yiio .MlHcellaiicous crusurefurcncen. Offluo by f. BucklnKbam. 3871 Hoyal f.-U(H). Vllllcrs-Jamus I. iDi SucccHs by f.-C'harloH II. 44H~ Sec I'AKTIALITV. Application of law. 8111! Kvlniied by •Jaiuun II. 4009 to Friends, Judge'H p. ."JOfiO of I'ubllo opInlon-SaekvUlc. mi8 In I'utdHliment lionians, l.'ir^ ItollKlousp.-Uoyal proHolyto-C. aS9 Hesented Speaker Polk's p. f.W Killer's p. for friends. 3070 FAVOHS. Mlscfillain'oiii crDHs-rcferonccfl. Independent of f.-DloKenes. 3415 Uejeeted -Tyrants Sylla. SHv^O Solicited, To be Alexander. 479(1 Transient elTeet of f.-Anne. lO.io Sep I'ATUON. Abandoned shamefully. .14M,') Uepeiidonce on p. loo-i Helpful to yoiin« Luther. ISii Noble p.-Isabella-('olumbu.s. 4l8a Src I'ATIUINAdE. Age of p.-AiiKloSuson. *4080 Division of i).-.Iarae.s II. *4081 Governmental p. -Am. Col's. *408a III timed p. of Chesterfield. ♦4083 Immense p.-U. H. Centennial. *4084 Partiality In p -James II. *4085 Proselytes by .uolllicul p. 3388 FAVOU-KKAU. FKAia. Conquered by fullli. ContuulouH f. Itonian itrmy. and Courutte \ ernlon of, (lovnrnineni by f, FnitlUh. " " " Mehool. overeomu .loan of Are I'anle of f. I'lenar Kubieon. of Ketrlbutlori roljilelunii. shamiileMii t. Diiki' of M. stranger Ik f. (liiTokuo Ind. Ml^ri'lliiiiiM.iin eriuM ri I'lrriji < ■* Alllanee of f. Appeal to f. Coluinbuu. of .\HNaHMlim crornweH'M <'oiHpleuou^t by f llonorlUH. Coiinter«ele(l by f. of Darkness London. " Death, Oppressive. Death without f. Seaffold. DIsc'arded amid perils. l''alth eonquers f. of tJhosis In HIani. " Ood, ralnful f. Cromwell. " Ooodness Henry Ml. Oovernment by f.-Army. " " "-Despotisms. " " " ('roinwell'R. 11,'Moranee begets f. from iKnoranee-" He .Neifroes. of Insanity Samuel .lohnson. " I.lKhlnlnx Wash's mother. Natural to all men. Panic of f. Knifllsh nation. HellKlon of f. Druids. " s(linulate> by f. Iteverentlal f. of Mohammedan Superior to f.-Wllllam III. Suppression of f. necessary. Sfo AbAKM. Needless-Pertlnax made Kmp. HellKlous a. of I.uther. •■i\ ■ii •«l ••Jl •■.'I ••Jl •vll %'l •HI I.M'.' Ml,-> mi iwir 6707 i.'iin M'^'l II.MI .I'llu' lld'J ■,'! 1 1 ISII !J397 ItllO •,'4,V, .M,-i9 ■' fl.-,4 8880 ;i;*x) tfHaS 3982 OIU'.' 41l.')8 s.HVC ,')082 r>7l.'i ♦h!.') ♦lt(« of Consctonce-llenJ. Abbott. II09 Messenger of a. -Paul Kevere. .')H8| Nations In a. of Napoleon. Ili)9 (Quieted by Scripture. 1087 l{ellBloiipromotedbya.-Lulher..')8»Hl of d. ii'.|ected. Conlldi'iice siiccnedH d -( ul, < nuraite of il (lladlatorM Spiritual I.N riMIDATIuN. Successful I. by (apt. J. Smith.' Art of I. in war. Attempted '. of clergy .1. II < niisent by I. Caracalla Cry for I." Uebcl yell." by Dead man Napoleon. " " Nourediiln. Klectlon by 1. of Charhs XII. I' • Fxainpli- of ( 'H'sar Aug. Failure of I. Prhuie of Wales. -Mortifying. of Government by Cromwell, by Imaginary angels. Message of I. Attlla to Uomans by Punlshment'Kebels. Keactlon of 1. -.lames II. Kemembrance of I. -Turks of Uuler Tory Gov. of N. V Su(!cess by l-Capt. Wadsworth " " (Jeneral Jaukson. by Violence Bismarck. ScL'TEUKOK. VS. Happiness-Damocles. • Reign of t. -France. *■ I8U 7(H) ftlHT 'l.MI 'l.VW ',•015 ij'tt itus II3H wet .'.183 1110 .'1840 80;) ■811(11 1U83 877 11.'.') 781> '.>8,')9 '.'810 M ;i.Hiii l-,'37 :).M8 110 175 38 1 1(130 .115 ;i770 4077 3U,'.0 3773 :!.'1,')1) 5.578 .W73 of Assassins-Emp. Augustus. 3891 " Conscienee-Constans. 1108 -HenJ. Abbott. 1109 " " -Nero. 1110 -Theodorlc. 1115 by Earthquake London ;087 Government by t. Henry VIll I. 'its Needless t. of siipcrstitioii 3908 by Storm -London. r.:!45 S,,. TIMIDITV. In Governmont-Constantine. ♦5081 In Husiness-.Jaines Watt. 089 Childish t.-Persecutod-Cowper. 797 Embarrassed by t.-M'Kendree. iiltiii Excuse of t.-Blackraall. -iom Indecision of t.-Conspiratora. '-'778 lu Literature-Cowper. 1'307 Loss by t.-Justlnlanl. Vi:^8 Overcome by t. at first. •.ii'-'4 " " earnestness. 8894 Rebuked by example. l'.24.3 kkaiu.kmmnkss-kinancks. 84.-) liepniTed Damotthnnnii. lAMi 'I'yraat'H t. DliniyHliiN. Ml I M« <'))\VAUI)I('|f:, KKAIlh 41x1 Nri'KK.STiriON inlor. FKAKI.KNNNKNN. ^NloiinilliiK f <'( llioimiiM. *'iVi\ floyUh f. .if Ilen(!r I'r(>Nl(l«iit .lai'kNon. S.'i (iilKVUh: iM (■" . riu I'KAHM. ImuKinary l Dunlin lii itiu riiur.*«'lv!a Mlncclluiu'iiin iTOiiiirif'TL'iici'i. Dl^diiliiud AHBiMilimtlo'i. I IU)i KfTt'iiiliiiilu r. I>'.\r(i<'nH. ■i-iVi OroiindlttHH r. Coal ndiifi. 1 i:il iKiiorniii'u produooH f. ('(impanM ','Mlti Ni'L'dlens f, Suez C'aiuil Drown yM:) " " -Columbus' oppo's. viTl',' " " luveiitloii Sow. m. '•^i'OO S,'.. Ft A II (II (or. VKHTILITV. »'rni««.r*?fi'roin#. Coininenilii.4 " .Muny cnkbi." Sen Ai)i|i 3 106 Prevented by death-Mrs. J. Si'c (lAKOUHAh. Fatal to Alexander the (ireat. :.*031 Sej FEHTIVAI,. Coronation f. of Edwar.' I. *2187 Set; EATI.Nd lU loo. Extortionate f. of Jallors-P. Slo WAOKS in tuc. •ai25 FKEIilNGS. Cro8i-refLTMiee. Suppressed for duty. ailO See INSENSIBILITY. Professional l.-Suigery. 193 to SufTerlng of others. 207U Seo OBDURACY. Criminal o.-Earl of Ferrer.s. AVI!) Immovable o. of James II. 2530 See CUUELTY, E.MOTIONS and PASSIONS in toe. FELLOWSHIP. Cross-references. in Misfortune-Napoleon I. 3630 " SufferhiK-Napoleon I. .')707 S«e ASSOCIATION and FUIEND Id (oo. See FEMALES. Imitation of f. -Theseus. ♦2126 See WOMAN in loc. xm *vr 100 .'M8N .'IDWH 3.'1.M 7r.u -I'ocahuntus. Illble misused In a. Sec NOVKI.S. Contempt for II. Napolt'on I, UuudlUK n.-Kx(!lttMui-iit. FIDKLITY. Tested Crown rejected. Mlscellmumus crossroforoiu'i'^. of \nlmal Soldier's dog. Confidence In f. Frederick. Ilumb'e f.-Pomp<>y's slave. Oath of f. to Mahomet. " " " -Itoman soldier. Political f. ill rewarded. Remarkable -Slaves. Uewarded with treachery, of Slaves of Cornutus. to Truth rewarded. Unfailing f.-Napoleon'9(fruve. See FAITHFULNESS. Rewarded by the people. * Discouraged by government. Rewarded-" It is thine own." See INTEOIUTY. Recognized-Samuel Adums. Reputation for i.-AristUloa. " "-Cato. " "-Lincoln. See LOYALTY ,» /or. FIGHTING. In Death-Persians. ♦t.'l'.'O Desperate f.-Threo out of C00.*ai30 and Praying- Admiral Blake, *'HZl Miscellaneous cross references. Boys f. at sohool-I. Newton. 179 Ineffective f. at " Island N().10."483 See CONFLICT. Bootless c. Bunker IIIL. ♦1060 Land of c.-Kentncky. *1061 Rule of c.-Wm. P. oX Orange. •1062 S.'ir «iHfaltlllltK'. SpolU 'HHLI liinaturul c \Vm. I tint N. •lo«» Lnpr,,7» .V«I7 «i7r> &7-£i " " I. Newton, vs. Truth-IumtH II See ALLKOOItisr. Best a. Ilunyan. 'ion Sen ALLEiioIlY. Animals representing religion." '.'31 .JIIH •:wa(l •2K'8 S.'iTH 1217 .■W;i'i .'W.'W 2H.M 519!) aR.-.() 5;t,M •JOIl) asi.'io ao'.o IfiO.') 4H79 (iri! 4788 ■1793 ■iru2 Inglorious V. Commoilus. HniiHiiiMntuI c Karlh iiiid sea. Sliiiin <' llitltli' <.r tiretiiievllle. the Spiritual VN .\iilinal Man. L'u«)|Ual c. Pl/arro Assassins. " |)ersonal c. .See CONIKST uiul WAR M, /„.■. IM1I3 1)70 1)11 tUlN) ICtlH FILTH. and Dlseasii Kimliiinl. *4I .'3 K<|Uttllly In f.-Danlel tVebster.*2l'l3 .MNri'lliiiii'ijim I icptm refirenceii. Heard, I'lipulouH .liillau. 2.V)1 (iarliagu or Park. 3N1M Ihimes of I' Kn^;llsli. 8flOU Itellgliiti III' f .\ui.t(Te monk" lo-J .Sfeiiili by r Sidt.ii. ;iHf,j Sire. Is of r -Kiigland !«)ft3 FIN.\N4 i:. Delusions In f, .l.ilni Law, ♦2134 hrauduleiil. f. Home, year .Ml. ♦2135 Patriotism In f. Wm. P. of U. ♦21.30 .MlRCellivneoiH eros^ri-ftrenees. Adventurer In f. .lolin Law. .'«»I5 Coercive f. of ilumes 11. .ItiMa Desperation In f. Fr iiiiut. .3673 Palrliitls)u and f. Am. Rev. 1053 Prejudice In f.-Natlonal Bank. -ItUO FINANCKN. Unsouni lu^hs in Kcsturation. •2137 Mint- ll:ineo\M crossrefen'nees. Controlled by giimbler Law. Deficiency in i Treasury. Exigency ' Sales. Inuatlon of f.-Louls XIV. Panic b^ contraction of f. " " derani.ed f. " " distrust off. England " -U. S. Uncertain basls-(iifts. .See CAPITAL. Conservative c. -Cicero. a Crime Jew.s. Spiritual ('.Indulgences. vs. Labor English weavers. See CAl'lTALISTS. Extortionate c.-.Iews. Nation of c.-Jew». .See EXPENSE. Division by e.-13 States. SOW 2fl1K 3tiHl (120 .3!)7f» •.mi .S9H4 8980 3200 •709 ♦710 ♦711 ,3098 •71S ♦713 ♦1987 Inconsiderate of e. -Goldsmith. 2203 See INVEST.MENT. Timely l.-Manhattan Island. ♦21)97 See REVENUE. Ancient Roman r. ♦4804 from Injustice. -Turks r. ♦4H<;5 Mismanaged- Am. Cf oi.ies. ♦4866 from Drink, State r. 8940 See BUSINESS and MONEY in loc. S4r, FINAN('n:i{-F()LLY. Iiicons'.dfciati' f. rlt)s I. .Si.ucei;sful f.-Humilton. Nullified by Eliot. 1161 *2138 Mis(M'll:im'im- c 'Hrefercnces. limited Magna Cliart.i. 32;i2 Self-imposed f.-Emp. Julian. 314! See noNflSCATlON. .Vvarl.iloua c.-Emp. Maxlmln. ♦101!) Hull(?iou8c. -A. d' Albuquerque. *105'l of I roperty of cowards- Horn. 12T5 FIIIK. Ancient f.-Rollp!on of Pers'ns. Calamity by f.-Uomt*. Destruction by f.-G.-L. XIV. Destructive f.- Greek fire. Helpful f.-London rebuilt. Uoly f.-Altar of Jupl'cr. iKnorance of f. -Pacific I. ♦213!) ♦2i.40 *2141 *2142 ♦2143 •3144 ♦2145 ♦C146 Miscellaneous cro»*9-reference«. Kscape from f.-Wesley family. 1 10 F"atal f. by amusement. ;i'>l2 Fearless of f. -Boy martyr. 4130 I'lKhting with f.-Archlmedes. 343 Fortitude In f.-Bp. C'ranmer. 13.33 " " Suffering. 2204 by Incendlarles-Rome. 10.^8 Information by signal f. 4089 PreEervation by Greek f. 2082 Sacred f.-Virfjin's taper. 1282 " " extinguished. 1428 Survival of f.-Ch. of St. Sophia. 805 Trial by f.-Romans. 5704 Unquenchable f.-Fngines gone. 1050 See ARSON. Dtstruction by a. vAosroes. ^324 Suspected of a.-Nero. 1287 See CONFLAGRATION. Defensive c.-('olunibia, S. c. ♦1051 Destructive c. -Boston. ♦10.52 " "-Chicago. * 10,53 " -London. ♦10,54 " "-Moscow. ♦1055 II II II ♦1050 "-New York. ♦10,57 "-Rome. ♦1058 In War-Carthage. ♦1059 a Blessing-Health of L. 3451 Destructive c. of London. 094 Patriotic c.-B. of Jamestown. 4043 Utilized in war.-Paul Jones. 045 " by avarlce-M. Crassus. 083 See CREMATION. Kindness In o.-Pompey's. Opposed-Bodies preserved. Popular c. of CaBSP.r's body See INCENDIARY. Punished by flames-Romans. *2V73 FIRITINESS. Call to f. by William III. *2147 Effect of f.-Alex. Severu3. *2148 225.S 2252 2251 See I'KRSI.STENCE. U..dcrrated-< 'olumbua. ♦41,55 See I>ETEUMINATIO\, FORTI- TUDE ami PERSEVER- ANCE in he. FISH. Extrav.igant price- .VaHhlngton.2013 Remarkable-Legend. 35-15 Terrlfylug f.-Con,3cicuce, 1'15 FINHINti. Fraud In f,-Ant(niy. ^2149 FliAG. Despised-U.S., year 181^' ^2150 Devotion to f ,-Serg'ni, Jasper. ^2151 Crosarefcrenee. Dangerous display of f. 753 Sec BANNER hi toe. FL4TTERY. Arful f.-Captire Zenobla. False f. of Henry Vlll. Fulsome f. of James I. Irritating f. of Fred the G. Resented by Aiexandsr. I Rewarded, Excessive f. ♦2152 ♦21.53 ♦2151 ♦21,55 ♦21 5« ♦2157 Miscellaneous crosa-refere. ices. Deception by f.-Rochester. Develops servitude-Romans. Embarrassment by f.-Caesar. for Favo'- Voltaire. Fulsome f. of <-harleg I. Wealth by f.-Legacics. of Woman's beauty-Elizabeth. See ADULATION. Official a. of Clip,!". I. by Finch. Rebuked of James I.-fi m. Ridiculous a. of U. Vlll.-r. b. g, 1471 305 2057 J I)',! I I 2084 ♦60 ♦61 ♦02 for Money-Dedication of book8,498 See COMPLIMENT and PRAISE iti lor. FliERT. Immense-Powerless-H'racl'an'aiSS See SHIPS in loc. FlilGHT. Ml.scellai'eoiis cross-references. Cowardly f.-Heracllan, 2158 Famous for f,-Maxlmin, 2060 for Safety-Roman panic. 2117 See ABANDONMENT in loc. FLIRTATION. Cross-reference, Dangerous f,wlth Cwsar's wife. 16,52 FLOGGING. Comfort under f.-Chrislian, ♦2159 Excessive t. -Titus Oales, ♦2160 Miscellarcous crn.ss-rcferences, i5rutality in f,, Jeffreys', 2862 Common-Servants-Ch. -Wives. 3860 Triple f.-Real and false. 2754 See CHASTISEMENT in loc. f:.our. Cvossreference. Honesty in manufacture of f. 2611 FLOWERS. in Blood- War of Roses. *2162 Influence of f.-Wordswortli. *2li;3 Mjdterlous f.-Golden rose-P, ♦2101 MIscellanciins cnissreferencc-i. Bloody f.-War of the Roses ,59.3/) Language in f.-" Cutting p'pple-i, "42 Mania for tulips, 2400 FOB. or Frlend-Agei-ilaus, 2221 Friend changed to f,-H. VIII. 2033 FOGYISin. Miscellaneous cross-referei]' .<. Judicial f.-LearnIng needless, •2164 an Obstacle-Manufaoturerg. ^2105 Unvelled-No Golden Age. ♦2100 See 00NSERVAT1S.M i« loc. POLLOW^ER. Inferior f, of greater men, ♦21fi7 See DISCIPLESIllP, Honor of d.-Constantine. 'lOll FOLLV. Delight in f.-Diogenes. ♦2108 Incurablb f, of James II. *2I«9 Learned f.-Dlsputatlons, ♦217i> Rebuked by Joan of Arc, ♦Sfl71 Religious f, of Egyptians, *2172 Miscellaneous cross-references, of Age-Fountain of youth, 6190 Alchemist's f.-Sir I, Newton. si 4 of Anger-John Milton, 1107 " -John Adams, 42^4 In Benevolence -" Jenny's w," .552 City built in memory of a dog. 23a Consummation of f.-Dlogenes. .3249 of Court etlquette-Edwnrd 1\'. 1025 Crusaders followlnfr a goose. 237 Educated-" Wisest fool." 2154 of Extravf.gance. 3371 Honoring geese by Romans. 2-34 Official f.-Slr H. Walker. 2025 in Old Age-Love.-s. 2084 Opposition to progress-Lights. 3032 Overruled-King John. 4,5."3 Presumptuous f.-Legate. 9'iO of Pride-Sapo.'-Preaence-.-Vwe. 441 Rebuked-WIIllam III. 13S0 " by Joan of Arc. 1559 Religious f.-PIIlar saints. 4700 by Self-conceit- Xerxes. 1020 II ]Q.J>J Self-injury, Folly of, 2797 Shameful f.-Byron's mother. 3722 Superstitious f.-"Klng'8 Evil." '379 "Mahomet's t. 1.378 with Wisdom-Aristotle, 2020 Wise f.-" Fulton's "oily." 2,306 of Youth-Edgar Allan Poe. 0105 See UUFES, Day of d. -France. 1474 Undecelved-Rulned, 2214 See FOOLS, Teach wise men by example. 6i>20 See IMBECILITY. Intemperance produces i, 29!0 Official L-Invaslon of Canada, 2025 Ridicule of natural 1, 1566 FOOD— FoupyniouoiiT. !Sre INDISCRETION. Destructive I. -Passion of V. *27ii7 Preeminent I. of Bp. Uurnet. •a7»8 S»e NONSENSE. BSainBt Nonsense. *38a5 Preferred to wisdom. 2106 rnpercelved-Shelley'sburl'8que.419 See STUriUITV. Uopeless .■:. of James II. *5370 Improvident s.-Uold seekers. S807 Insult of s. -James II. Mistake of s.-liaK vs. Pearls, (•ffieial s. -Newcastle. " "-Traitor-Arnold. Traveller's 8. -Crusaders. FOOD. Abomlnable-IIorse- flesh. Animal-KlnK of Buns. Changes In f-England. Chosen f. of Palmerston. Dangerous-Poison f.-Yuea. ExtravaKance in f.-S. birds. Figure by f.-Spartans. Mind affected by f. -Mahomet Poor f. -England. Public-Spartan tables. Regard for f.-S. Johnson. Suspicious-" Watering-place.' Variety in f.-Invention. Wonder in f.-London. turn 272.3 2710 2717 1553 2724 •817!) ♦2174 *2175 *2170 *2177 *2178 ♦2179 .♦2180 ♦2181 ♦2182 ♦2183 '♦2184 ♦2185 ♦2186 Miscellaneous cros.i-references Animal f. rejected-Phil'soph'rs. Aversion to salt pork-W. I. Cannibals by necessity. Caste in f. resented. Communism in f. -Savages. Dangerous f.- Soldiers. Degrading f. of Irish kings. Division by f.-Scots. Extravagant f .-Tea. " rebuked. " "-1,000 cooks-C. Fierceness by flesh diet. First question-French Rev. Inequality in f.-Mind. Intemperance In f. MLstake-Camphor vs. Salt. Neglected in study-Newton. Offensive manners with f. Orders for f., Unexpected. Pleasure in f. rejected-Pa.scal. " " "-Dyspeptics', of the Poor-Ireland. Prayer brings f.-Miiller. Present of f. rewarded. " " "-Ada to Alexander Public provision-Romans. Rebellion against f.-Army. Reward of usefulness. Strange theory of f. -Artist. Unappreciated-Discovery of f. Unsubstantial f.-Perfume. .■^ee BREAD. Public provision of b. -Romans Question c f b.-Mob of Paris. See COOK. Vexations of Antony's c. 4709 626 706 724 2649 433 719 1913 2010 2013 3903 2174 &58 4000 2920 3.591 3794 3421 2759 4681 5424 1510 2035 4431 .5876 657 1963 2393 6015 1636 5779 ♦657 ♦658 265 Sec DIET. Simplicity Ind.-John Howard.* I, '.TO Frugal d., Soldters'-Emp. (■arus.447 Importance of plain d. -Youth. 6212 Life prolonged by d. an Obstacle- Young Irving. See KEAST. Ale-foast of old England. Banquet of death. -Indians. Deception in display. Drunkenness usual. 2170 2734 1740 1404 1425 376H 2922 2923 3371 850 Extravagant-Roman, of Fools and asses-C.-I.-F. Ilumlllation at f.-O. Goldsmith. 2fl0» Painful thoughts at f. 2045 Wedding f.-Orandsons of T. 741 See FKUIT. Costly f .-Russian Court supper. 462 Small f. commended much. 3593 Suggestive-Apple-Newtnn. 0185 See EATINO, E.XTR.W.KiANcE, FAST, FAMINE and LUXURY in loc. FOOIiS. CiOHs- reference. Teach wise men by example. 6020 See FOLLY in luc. FORCE. Distinguished by f.-"H'mm'r."*2187 Fictitious f.-Mary Queen of S.*2188 Miscellaneous cross-references. VS. Consclonce-Subjugation. Divinity In f.-Themistocles. vs. Perseverance-Illustration Sc! ENERGY. Compliroented-Napoleon I. Expressior of e.-Gen. Grant. Individual e.-RIenzi. Military e. -Emperor Trajan, of Patriotism- Israel Putnam. Successby e. -Cardinal Wolsey.*l895 Surpassing e. of Mahomet II. ^1890 2964 2387 4149 ♦1890 ♦1891 ♦1892 ♦1893 ♦1894 by Climate-Hungarians, in Di.'^aster-Romans. Expressed by C;csar. Lack of e. brings disaster. 952 1609 1033 2025 Personal e.-Chas. the Hammer. 2187 Si'c I'OWER. .\uthority by p. -Charles II. Balance of p.-Orlgln. " " " -Europe. Boast of p.-Pompey. Humbled- Roman. Personal p. -Napoleon. Threat of p., Agrippina's. Use of p. for freedom. beyond Capaolty-Geo. III. by Comblnatlon-the Poor. Dangerous to liberty, by Good and evil mixed. Love of p. by Irene. Might makes rlgbt-Wm. III. " " " -Cromwell. ' -Earls. ♦4302 ♦4303 ♦4304 ♦4.30.') »4360 *430r ♦*^08 ♦1369 I ♦4370 i I 2879 ' 1088 3219 I 3015 180 I 4903 ! 4904 ; 4902 i 847 Monarch of the world- Timour. 195 Moral p. in con.Mcionco. 1109 OfHcial p.- Roman censor. 740 Personal p. of Holhwcll. 1I71 " "-Cromwell Moral. 1.S22 Resigned-(ieneral Bolivar. 4(Ktl In Rldlcule-I'ublic. 4H'.ir, " -Reformation. 4W/7 " " -Revolution. 4Hi)8 " Wealth-Philip. 4SH5 See STKENOTII. Consciousness of s. -Alex. ♦.W.56 Physical s.- Peter Jefferson. *:,:ir,H " "-Washington. ♦.^'jO by Piety-Cromwell. *5357 See VIOLENCE. Error of v.-Chrlstlans. ♦.'., 5884 Argumentative v. from w'kness^ni) Paternal v.-FrederIck II. Reaction of v.-Becket H. II. Savage v. of Fred. Wni, for Violence- .\grlppina. See COERCION hi Inc. FOREIGN EH. Mlscellaneiius cios.s-ri'lVrence: Generous-James SmlUi.son. Insulting Government-Genet. Odious-Coneinl. Prejudice against f.-Colunibu " In reports of f. FOREIGN ER»i. Antipathy to f.-Egyptians. Dishonored- Athens. Feared at Sparta. 3389 6145 1072 2072 Miscellaneuua cross-references. Government depending on f. Hated-Aboriginal Irish. Hatred of English In Ireland. Intermarriage saves state. Language of f., Contempt for. Legislation against f.-U. S. Marriage with f. opposed. Prejudice against f. Services-Fame of state. See AI.IE.NS. Expulsion of a.-U. S. Crobs-ffftTt-rice. Rule of a. -Rome. .^le EMKiRANTS. City (jf e.-New York. Dangerous e.-Criminals. 1812 2429 2520 s.2055 2573 •21N9 "2190 "2191 .365.? 727 3151 304 3131 107 ,3498 240 892 ♦107 1208 ♦1803 ♦1804 Army of e.-Goths. 1866 Corruption by e.-Xatlonal. 2191 Dangerous e.-Va. Colony. 4006 Inconsiderate e. -Mai's. Colony. 2002 Trials of e.-Plymoutli Colony. 20H1 See NATURALIZATION, of ' itizens-Roman. 892 FORESTS. Miscellaneous cross-references. Charm of the f.-IIome. 3288 Life in the f.-Audubon. 3106 Protection of f.-Manufacturers.2165 See TREES in luc. FORETHOUGHT. <''r083-referenee. Impulse more reliable. 2767 See PREPARATION in loc. ■••is FOKGKHY— FHAUD. FORAKRY. < V)nfesaed-Ueed. *219a Convenient f.-Kniperor ('. *ai9.'J Delusive f.-VVm. I*, of OranK0.*!J194 I'erlloiis f.-Kreiich ofticer. *-Jim Misci'lluiicous croHM-ri'fereiiccs. (lands cut, ofif for EKXPt. Life saved by f. Preservation by f.-Assassln. Sbumeful f -Antony. FORUETPULIVKSS. Desired -Tliemlstoolcs. CniHsrefiTcnco. I'arentiU f. of son-Howurd. See AUSTKACTIUN. Art of a.-"Wal8tiioat button." Hluiiders by a. -Newton. Uangerous a. -Archimedes. 3100 r)713 ir>ia 1SW7 '210(1 411 *19 Absence of inlnd~(). Goldsmith. 009 .Vr'oused from a.-Johnson. 2310 riillo.sopher's a. -Archimedes. VMi> Youthful a. by stuJy-Newton. 2100 " study of Pascal. 2324 Pee IIEKDLESSNE.'S. Loss by h.-O. Goldsmith s. *254G AlarmlnK h.-Polltlcal. See MEMOKY in Inc. FORGIVENESS. Christian f.-the Turk, for the Dead-Napoleon I. Generous f.-John Wesley. "-Louis XII. Impossible to mankind. Prospective f.-Frederlck Wm.*2202 Miscelluneous cross-references. Assumed by Raleigh. Confession brings f. Despised by Klnff James IL " " Am. Indians. Ill-timed f. -Duellists, by the Injured not the (fov't. of Injuries-Matthew Hale. for Money-Jefifreys. by Penance-Henry II. Political f.-Napoleon. Severe condition of p. of Sin-Papal power of. " " by Christ alone. ■Solicited-Peter the Great. Undeserved-Murderers. See ABSOLUTION, m Advance by Pope Julius II. < 'ostly a. of PalfBologus. 1139 3819 2109 5928 4595 4499 4852 3007 4104 4254 1359 827 4103 5091 4226 *11 *12 Desired in death by Charles II. *13 Penance for pope's a. See ATONEMENT. Belief of American Indians, of Vengeance-Am. Indian,"- See PARDON. Declined-Amerlcan patriots. " by the innocent. Hopeless of p.-James II. Odious by considerations. Plea for p.-Napoleon I. I'urchase of p. of sins. 2889 5158 4848 *3994 *3995 *39n6 *3997 ♦3998 *3999 3780 *2197 ♦2198 *2109 ♦2200 ♦2201 without KefomiatloD. ^4000 from Sympathy- A. Lincoln. ^4001 FORMALITY. CrosH-refereiice, Weakens the Churcli-Macaulay. 8S8 FORSAKEN. Justly f.-.Iame8 II, +2203 See AUANUONMENl' in loc. FORTITUDE. Esteem for f.-Muclus, Puritanic f.-Hugh Peters. •2204 ♦2205 XII,scell:ineoiis criisa-reforcnces. Ami)Utatk)n of own arm. 1260 Applauded-Indian gauntlet. 8007 Contest in f. -Am. Indians. 2074 in Death-Execution -Kumbold. 124B Encouragement to f,-Me.xlca;is 714 in Flames-Bishop Crannier. 12.'i3 Invalid's f.-Wm. Prince of O. 1897 Noble f. in death-Muley Moluc 2,'J61 in Old Age-Faritan. 12.')() by Philosophy-Dlonyslus, 4 1 Oil in Tortures-American Indians. 1420 Training in f.-Spartans. 1817 Unexpected f.-Blsho,-) Cranmer.1249 of Women-Scotch Martyrs. 4142 See ENDT'UA.NX'E, German e.-Am, I{ev.-Soldlers.^l883 FORTUNE. Change of f.-Columbus. Contrasts in f.-Alexahder. Favors of f. -Charles V. Forsaken by f.-Louis XIV. Reversed-Duke of Exeter. " -Nicetas. Reverses of f. Banishment. Sensitiveness of f.-Tlmotheus, Miscellaneous cross-references. Change of f.-Countess of R. " "-Sudden-Claudius. Good f. vs. Merit. In Hands-Omar. Irony of f.-Clan of Scott. Remarkable good f . Reversal of f. in Sparta. Reversed-Titus Gates. Sudden f., Joy in. Unsatisfying to Emp. Severus. See BEQUESTS, for Spiritual benefits. ♦2200 ♦2207 ♦2208 ♦2209 ♦2210 ♦2211 ♦2212 ♦2213 2028 3870 5393 2507 190 5407 95 5831 4884 200 ♦554 5995 Trained to e.-Spartans, 182.'; See COURAOEiind MARTYU in luc. of Wife-by Athenians. See LEGACY, for Churches-15th century. S.'Vl of Political advice-Augustus. 100 See LKOAOIES. Christian 1. to Church. ♦SISS Eagerness for l.-Romans. ♦3181 | Enriched by i.-Olcero. ^31*5 i See INHERITANCE, of Household goods-England. ^2858 2908 2903 Inferior i. -Riches vs. Spirit. Transferred by religion. See CHANCE ,inrt WEALTH in loc. FORTUNE-TELL.INU. Sec ASTROL0(JY. Regard for a.-ltoman omens. ♦88* Miscelluneous cross-references. Crime proven by a. 1953 Faith In a.-Charles II. 6442 See AUOURY. Book of a.-Chiiiese. ♦SO.i Ilulldlng by a, -City of Rome. ♦390 See NE(;R0MANCY. Proof of n. -"Familiar spirit." ^3804 Impostors in n. -Barbarians. 2801 See OMENS in loc. FOUNDE.INGS. Crosa-reference. Protection of f.-Emp. Paulus. 80; FOUNTAIN. ('ros,s-refereiice, B'abulous f. of youth, 6196 FRANKNE»iS. Miscellaneous cross-references. Brave minlsterla". f. 1243 Noble f. -Confession. 3819 Straightforward f., Luther's. 1092 See SINCERITY in loc. FRATERNITY. Cross-reference. Fictitious f.-Louls and Crom. 8023 See BROTHERHOOD in loc. FRAUD. Gigantic f.-S >ea. scheme. ^2814 Governmental f.-Charles II. ♦8215 Suspicions of f.-First cable. ^2210 in Trade-"Uonest Leather." ^8217 Miscellaneous cross-references Alarming f.-Porgery. 1542 "Departed Spirit." 2353 Fishermen's f.-Antony. 2149 Literary f.-Shelley and Hogg. 419 Living by f.-Beggars. 5763 Religious f.-Images. 1282 "-Weeping virgin. 3020 " " -Grecian oracle. 3940 " -Holy Lance. 4007 "-Relics. 4008 14 11 II 4009 It 11 II 4070 tl If II 4071 11 II u 4072 II II II 4073 II II II 4674 II 11 II 4675 II 11 11 4670 Spiritualistic f -" Knock." 3555 See COUNTERFEIT. Preserved by a c. -"Sacred b." ♦1225 Relics-Manufactured by "an A ♦1220 Signature-Consul Antony. ♦1287 Imposed upon Goldsmith. 2601 See DECEIT. Temptation to d., Mahomet's. *1468 Timely d. -Persian prince. ^1469 Lawyers imprisoned for d. vs. Deceit-Harold II. in Diplomacy-English. " " -Napoleon. 3168 3840 1759 38H0 FltKEDOM— FKIKXDSmi' h4!' Day of d, -Franco. 1471 Unueoelved-Rulned. 2214 See SHAMS. Military s.-Am. Revolution. ♦5120 Rldlculed-A£fectatlon. 1,100 See SWINDLER. Royal s.-IIeury VI. ♦.'VIST " " " VIII. *-)4SH " "-Richard I. »54S3 See COItlU'l'TlON and DFX'KI>- Tl().\ ill l,w. FRKEDOin. Determination Tor f.-Wallace. *22IH of Speecli in Parliament. •2219 Miscelliincon.s crii.s.s-rcferencos by Assassination in Ireland, of Conscience In Mtl. Gratitude prompts f. -Lincoln. Knowledge brings f. Nenilnai f. of Romans. Origin of political freedom, by Proteitunti.sm-Enfc'land. Public spirit by f . Untimely f.-I'irates. See K.M.\.V(II'ATIUX. Advocated In Mass., a.d. l70I.*IHr)0 307 1100 .^00 57.'^") 142 735 410(i 41H0 Proclaimed by A. Lincoln. See INDKrEN'DE.NCE. American I. -Samuel Adams. Childish i., Samuel Johnson's. Dec'aratioD of i. -America. Defeated, Canadian i. Determined-Alsernon Sidney Domestic i.-Wasli's mother. Ministerial i.-Methodist Conf. Natural i. -Young Caesar. Necessary i.-Arch-Bp. Anselm Proclaimed-American i. Profitless-Samuel Johnson. Better than wealth. Changed to conservatism. Declaration of 1., First-N. C. " -Work of genius, of Fashion-Charming. " Governmental restraints. " Gov't-N. Carolina. Love of i. -Mother of Wash. Manly l.-Somerset-James IL Noble i. -English jury-Penn. Official 1. necc.'i8 1432 S30.-> 2103 2414 2439 60.54 31,38 .30,')3 .3802 3C,')0 39.30 ,3085 1121 3000 3a35 4508 980 FRIEMD. Chosen f,, Alexander's. or Foe-Agesilaus. Obsequious f., Ctcsar's, in Slckue! 2231 *3V',r t;s4 IKI :>\:-, II.-,; .-.I I3l> ISO.-, .vot 22:tH ■l.-i:i:! 32S.) 20113 2701 22; 3 281'.* tu i;t *:W2 ,.,;,, *3S:! Contaminating a. -Luther at R. .S90 Dangers from a. In government. |i)H Effect of early habits and a.-N. -.119 Horrifying a. of London Tower. 71.-. Unimprov(>(i by good a Indians. 9(il See MKOTIIEKFIOOK. Acknowledged Am. Indians. *0','. Aitilicial b.-Old English taiilds. 3Si Proelaimed-Penn to Indians. 4091 See I'l.riiS. Ancient c. "Inindtable livers. "*902 Organization of old English c. 381 See (OM.MI'MO.N". with (iod-Oliver Ciomwell. *9'.i.-i by Likeness-John .Milton. *990 Unity by c. -Oliver Croniw(dl. *997 See COMPANIONS. Bad c. condemn to prison. 3i!31 in Death-American Indians. 1 111 Selected, Shameful c. 370^ See FAVOR. Flattery for f, -Voltaire, *2."' 850 FRIGHT— GALLANTRY liiKenious reciuest forf. 4603 ' KeJectcd-ICesponslblUty. Ii58 Seductive f.-Goldun rose. sitU Sie FAVOKITISM. Scandalous f. of Charles II. *illO Office l)y f,-Huckini,'haiii. 3«ri | Uoyal f. of .las. I. (Jeo. VUUers. 4!t4 Mi'U KAVOKS. Independent of f .-UloRenes. 3415 Hejectud, Tyrant's f.-Sylla. 38*) Solicited, to be-Alexander. 4T'J(i Sm FKLL()\V.S|11I>. In Misfortune-Napoleon I. 30;*) " Sufferlntf -Napoleon I. 5707 See KIXI>.\KSS. Religion of k.-Rey.J. Newton. ♦3077 PIJOITIVE. MUcolIuneous trot»rt-ri.'rLTL'nce». IIopeleHS of escape. 1710 Royal f. -James II. f)7H8 Sympathy for f.-Amerlca. 4ti(10 Welcoraed-Jaines II. 50itO VVUITIVKS. Misc.-llancoiiH criisM-rcfervitccs. Generosity to royal f. 8641 Punished by slavery. 60-J Refuge of f.-Asylum-Rorae. 387 Sanctuary of f.-N. Carolina. 243!) Sie HLUl'KMK.NT. Royal e.-Phlllp of France. ♦IH.W 33.W Conceals faults-IIervey. 2465 Crime of k. to criminal. 4400 Reprimand of k.-S. Johnson. 4775 of Savages to Columbus. 2049 Spirit of k.-Pope to Howard. 145 See LOVER. Fallen I. -Hernando Cortez. *3:i5.'! Fickle 1. -Robert Burns. *33>l Youthful i.-Lord Byron. ♦*K5 Artful-Cleopatra. Blind 1. of Catherine Sedley. Blinded-Marcus. Ensnared-Antony by Cleopatra, Fascinated-Wm. the Conq. " -Robert Burns. Female 1., Mahomet's. " "-Honorla. Preservation of 1. -Ariadne. Royal I. of Lucy Waters. Unsuccessful-Isaac Newton. VI jits of 1., Dangerous. See LOVERS. Rival -Jefferson-Others. * 01.30 2«a 1675 6130 2r)83 4219 3472 3470 0051 3470 5i)92 0t)49 Miscellaneous cross- references. ( 'arousal after f .-Alexander. 2912 Impressive f.-Cajsar's. liKo " " -Cicsar's bloody g. 372 Passions aroused at f. 241 Pompous f. of Alexander. 4474 33.10 I Unworthy f.-Sacred cats. 2178 riee 13rRI.\L i» tuc. Rellglous-Sen^ual-England. 3335 Restrained-Church service. 853 See PETS. SI igular-Scott'8 pig and hen. 832 Women's dogs condemned by C. 2;i3 See AFFECTION and SYMPATHY ill Inc. FRIGHT. Cross-reference. Insanity from f.-Ghost. 8353 See FEAR in t„c. FRI\'OIiITV. Shameful f. of Charles II. *2244 See NONSENSE in toe. FUVOAIilTY. Misiipplied f.-Charles 11. *2245 Plan of f.-Irlsh painter. ♦2240 Miscellaneous cross-references. Example of f.-Cjesar. 3162 111 timed f. -.James II. 4008 Patriotic f.-Virginia Colony. 48*J See COVETOUSN ESS and ECONOMY in loc. FRVIT. Costly f. -Russian Court supper. 4.58 Small f. commended much. 3593 Suggestive Apple-Newton. 6185 Ft' BY. Miscellaneous cros-s-references. of Anger-Byron's mother. 3722 " " -Frederick Wm. I. 5741 " Indignation a disguise. 1058 See PASSION in loc. FUTURE. Future life-Gauls' belief. ♦8258 " " -Persian's belief. *82.59 Overlooked-Improvldent Ind. *22eo Miscellaneous cross-references. Happiness In the f. 8031 Hints of f.-Au;rury. 3907 Predictions of American f. 210 See AUGURY. Book of a.-Chlnese. *395 Building by a .-City of Rome. ^390 See PREDICTIONS. Editorial p.-Clvil War. *4406 Parental p. for Peter Cooper. ^4407 Reallzed-New York. •4408 Augury-Blrds-Building-Rome. 390 of Bankruptcy-National. 451 Equivocal p.-Delphlc oracle. 3948 Foolish p.-J. Dryden. 5049 FulflUed-J. Fltch-Steamboats. 2!J00 Proposed to Shelley. See FLKJHT. Cowardly f.-HeraclIan. 8158 Famous for f.-Maximln. 2000 for Safety-Roman panic. 2117 See ABANDONMENT in loc. FUNERAL.. Criticised -Charles II. ^2247 Customs from Romans. *2248 Expensive f.-t^ueen Mary's. *2249 Fatal exposure at f. *2250 | Honor of f.-C«esar'8. ♦2251 ; " " "-Egyptians. ♦aa.^a Humble f.-Pompey's. ♦22.53 Immense-Abraham Lincoln's. ♦2254 Impressive f -Cicsar's. ^2255 Panegyrics criticised. ♦2250 Patriotic f.-Boston. *2257 Oracular-Nero to kill his mother.106 " -Sylla-Relns of gov't. 495 Political p.-Ain. Revolution. 1599 Popular political p.-Fal»e. 1985 Realized -Diffusion of the Bible. 578 See PREMONITION. Accidental p.-Charles I. ♦4419 of Death-Charles V. ♦44-JO " " -Lincoln's. ^4421 ^4422 Sec PROrilECY. False p.-Emplres. ^4583 Unconscious p.-'\'lrgll. ♦45'J4 of America's future-Lafayette. 210 " -Stormont. 812 Fictitious p.-ContucIus of C. 395 See OMENS in loc. FUTURITY. Disclosed by imjiostors. ♦•2201 See HEAVEN. Carnal h -Mahomet's. ^8540 Division of h.-Swedenborg. ♦2541 Materialistic li.-Boswell's. *8542 Views of h. -Adaptation. ♦2513 Visited by Mahomet. ♦2511 Warrior's h. -Scandinavians. ♦8545 Miscellaneous cross-references. Approaching near to h.-TayIor.3403 Children in li.-Swedenborg. 6207 or Hell-John Bunyan. 10*5 Infants In h.-Swedenborg. 28H Letter from St. Paul to Pepiu. 3190 Nearness to h. In sickness. 5131 Visited by Mahomet. .'J023 Women in h. -Mahomet. 8992 See HELL. Necessary-Prest. A. Jackson. *2547 Temporary h.-Mohammedan. *-.'54s Fear of h. -Samuel Johnson. 1423 See PARADISE. Drunkard's p. -Ancient Germ'.s.*3988 Earthly p. In Damascus. ♦3989 Language of p.-Perslan. *3990 Mussulman's p.-Flve. ♦3991 Sensual p. of Mahomet. *3992 Strange p.-Mahomet. *39!t3 Admission to p. by epilepsy-M. 1643 Belief In p.-Persians. 2259 Brave men go to p. 1410, 1435 Heroes' bloody p.-Pagans. 1417 Letters sent to p. -Gauls. 225S vs. Perdition, Which ? 6141 Qualifications for p. -"Good fore. ''32 Visionary p. of Crusaders. 8095 See PURGATORY. Compensations of p.-Moham. ^4580 Mohammedan p. -Punishment. *4581 Belief in p. -Ancient Persians. 22.59 Mohammedan p.-Seven hells. 2548 GAIN. or Lose-Tlmour's deman''. *'J2i;2 See GAMBLING and PROFIT in loc. GALLANTRY. Inconsiderate g. -Goldsmith. ♦2263 Proof of g. -Female rulers. ^2264 GAMHLEliS-OENIUS. 861 Sec CHIVAMIY. Baseness of c. -Edward I. *SX5 Modern c. -l,'nlon-t'onfedeiate.*8I6 Order of o.-Knlnlits of St. JoLn.*8ir Patrlotlo c.-l'aul Jones. *818 Id Battle-Brennville-Bloodless. 401 " " -Prince Rupert. 464 Brutality of o.-Edward I. 815 t'ourtesy of c. -Black Prince. 1200 Demoralized by shameful c.-F. at59 Misdirected c.-Ue Soto-Am. 1080 vs. Property-Marriage. 8400 " Puritanism England. 4583 Seu rOLlTE.NES.S in loc. OAinBIiBKS. MtscullaiR'ourt (.TOMrt-rt'ftTencea. Association with g. danKerous.22T3 Debts of K. honored. 2614 " "" Precedence In. 1403 Degraded by g. -Charles Fox. " " ""Sunderland. " "-Coffee Mouses Escape from g.-\'llberforce. Fashionable g. -Fully. Losses by g. -Gibbon. Passion for g.-Eng. gentry. Pride In g.-Ulgh life. Ruinous g.-Oliver Goldsmith " -English gentry. Universal g.-Crusaders. Vice of g. -Prolific. *3265 ♦2200 ♦2267 ♦2208 ♦22U9 ♦2270 ♦2271 ♦3272 ♦2273 ♦2274 ♦2275 ♦3276 Miscellaneous cruas-references. Memorial of g.-" Sandwich." ♦0146 Ruinous g.-Edgar Allan Poe. ♦OIQS See SPECULATION in loc. CAIVE. Preservation of g.-Justinian. ^2277 Miscellaneous crossrefereiices. Fondness for hunting g. Laws preserving g. -Burden. Monopoly of g.-Wm. the C. Passion for g.-Andronlcus. " " -Malek-Sultan. Pleasure-Perilous g. Skill In shooting g.-Crookett. Beneflcial g -Ancient. Employment in military g. Passion for g.-Greeks. Use of g.-Samuel Johnson. See AMUSE.MENT in loc. fiXmiNG. Condemned by Napoleon I. GARDEIS. Cross- reference. Famous-Waterloo. 1501 GARDENING. Miscellaneous cmss references. Contentment In g.-Emperor, 1148 Pleasure in g.-Cyrus. 5636 See AGRICULTrRE in loc. GENEALOGY. Misfortune a satire on iU'str's g.236 See ANCESTOR in loc. 4038 155 3943 4204 4197 4111 4332 ♦2278 ♦2279 ♦2280 ♦2281 ♦2282 GBNEH A FIXATION. Vicious g. of Sophists. 228;j GENERALS. Too many g.-Maoedoulans. *2284 <'ross-reference. Overrated-Pompey-Accldont. 5 GENERALSHIP. Successful g.-Pompey. ♦2285 Miscellaneous cross-references. Success by g.-Cortez. 3830 Want of g.-Aglnoourt. 3834 See W'AR'mfoc. GENEROSITY. Artful g. -Emperor Tacitus. Easy g.-Pope Alexander VI. Example of g.-John Howard. IndUcreet g. -Mahomet. Noble g. -Benjamin Franklin. " " -Peter Cooper. Patriotic g.-Am. Revolution. Sincerity In g.-Cromwell. ♦2280 ♦2287 *2288 *228it *2290 ♦22'.ll ♦2292 ♦2293 ♦2294 Exlled-John Kay. 2992 Wrongcd-Eli Whitney. 2091 See BENEFACTORS. Opposed-James llargreaves. *512 See HENEF1CENCE. False f.-Charles II. 2751 See CONTRIBUTIONS. for Education-Peck of corn. 1773 -Yale College. 1783 -Harvard. 1791 of Regard-Cajsar's funeral. 2251 See MAGNANIMITV. Admirable m. of H. Vane. *3379 Noble m. -General Lee. ♦;i380 of Savages-Onondagas. *3;«i See TREATS. Election t. Costly-England. 1839 Exacted -Engllfch prions. :mh Prisoners' t.-Brldewell. 1302 Temptation In t. Builders. 29.3.3 See BENEVOLKNCE :iii(l lIUSl'I- TAMTV //. /'-<■. Miscellaneous croas-referencts. Bountiful g. of Alexander. 5099 Characteristic g.-S. Johnson. 2059 Conceals vlces-SackvlUe. 3043 Destitute of g. -James U. 1005 Embarrassment from cost. 2203 Enemy's g.-Luther-Tetzel. 1888 Example of g.-J. Harvard. 2288 Extraordinary g.-Youthful. 2915 False religious g. 4707 Liberty of Am. -Lafayette. 3216 Noble g.-Willlam Penn. 4255 Offensive g.-HumlUatlng. 2;i50 Overwhelmed by g.-Napoleon. 1152 of the Poor-Plymouth Colony. 2081 Suspicious g.-Tacltus. 2280 Wife's g. to husband-Mary. 5998 See BENEFACTOR. Praise of b.-A. Lincoln. ♦SU GENII'S. Advance of g.-lsaac .Newton. Age of g.-Athenlans. Ages of g.-Pucullarlty. by Ancestry-John Milton. Ascendency of g Win. Pitt. Belated-Wlillani ( 'owpcr's. In Childhood -0. (Joldsmltlis. Cointructtve g.-Ciesar's. " " -I. Newton's. Co-operative g.-I. Newton. <'reatlon of g. -Robert Fulton. Dlsdained-Robert Fulton. " -John Fitch. Disparaged (Jeo. Washington Eccentricity of g.-S. Johnson. Enterprise of g. -Cromwell. Failures of g.-Vouthful poets Hereditary g. -James Watt. Imitation of g. -Columbus. I mpo verlshed-Homer. I-.ate evidence of g.-W. Scott. Manifold g. of Napoleon I. Merit of g. -Cromwell. Misdlrected-Audubon's. Misjudged -Gray's. Mortality of g.-Early deaths. Orlginiitliig g.-Blaise Pascal. Overlooked-John Milton. Perils of g.-Swlft's ambition. Power of g.-Cromvvell's. Practical g. -Peter the Great. Precocious g.-Wni. C. Bryant. Prodigious g.-Napoleon I. Proof of g.-Benj. Franklin. Remarkable g.-Benj. Franklin Resources in g.-Cuesar. Rewards of g.-Dr. Morton. Subjects for g.-John Milton. Success by g.-Black Prince. Successful g.-Turk. Superstition of g.-S. Johnson. Time for g.-Revlval of letters Timely g.-Isaac Newton. Tolls of g.-Vlrgll. Unappreciated-Washington. Uncontrolled-Ed. Burke. Undiscovered-Columbus. -.\d. Blake. Work of g -Epamlnondas. " " -Lycurgus. •2295 ♦2290 ♦•22»7 ♦229H *229U ♦2.300 ♦2301 *23()3 ♦2;it)4 ♦2305 "•.'3(i(; *23()7 ♦2:W8 *2.309 *2310 ♦2311 ♦2.312 *2313 ♦2314 *2315 ♦2316 ♦2317 ♦2318 ♦2319 ♦2320 ♦2321 ♦2322 ♦2323 ♦2324 ♦2325 ♦2820 ♦2327 ♦2328 ♦2329 ♦2.330 ♦2331 ♦2:^32 ♦2;m ♦2334 ♦2335 ♦2336 ♦2337 ♦23:« *2:iJ9 ♦2340 ♦2;mi ♦2.342 *2:M3 ♦2344 *2;M5 ♦2346 ♦2347 of Affection-Josephine. 2201 | Appeal to m., Alexander's. 1588 | In Forgiveness-Wesley. 2199 " Misfortune-Philip II. 2028 Sagacious m.-Caesar. .5828 in Selfsacriflce-Alexander. 5095 See LIBERALITY. Cloak of l.-Commodus. *3204 In Oplnlous-John Wesley. *2205 Uncertain 1. of Charles I. ♦3200 Miscellaneous cross-references. Absence of mind-Newton. 20 Age of g.-Golden age of Art. 325 -Athenian. 2290 " " " -Leo X. 2297 Ambition of g.-Alex. Hamilton. ia5 " " "-Power-Fame. 193 by Ancestry-John Milton. 2298 Ascendency over others-N. 2833 852 ii! Ill Uoyhood Themlstoole*. 088 Combination of r. Cromwell. t.'7(i'.' ( 'ontompt tlui reward of «. a;t(iT DuriKtjrH of K-Hol)Brt Kiiina. ;Mti for Con(iU(!St Duke Wni. of Kn^f. ;!3 Dr'focts of ({. Mlltoii'H r. Kov'l. HOr) Dnliisloii of (f-Newton an u. HI I KfTectlve (,'. of Chiis. Martel. UIHT KKotlsm of jf.-*'l<'«i"(). 1834 ' -Gold.snilth. 1H3.") in Kntprtnliuiient/KinllUis. ]!H)8 Kvll ).' of IJrutus. ]i',>o KxinKinlliiary jr.-KoKcr IJacion.aTVr) Field for (,'■ 1" aKriculiure. ISS " " " necessary. •JO.'i,} for (Joveriiraent-Alfred tlie (J. u'iy.3 '• " -lilchtlieu. )>4-H Heart more tli;m it a.Vi'j by Ilercdlty-WattH. •£»:, -IJlaise I'ascal. S3S-J Horse mannaed by (.'.-Alexander. (! Humble orifiln of K.-Bunyan. ail.lO ImpcdimentH to k. overoonie-B. 500 Inrtue-ice of (f.-l'osthumoua. 3ii70 for IntrlKue, .Xptneaa. aooo Labor of (j.-Demostlienes. 44lM Limited to trroat purposes. ;i4 in Literature-Tasso. .S30,5 " " -Ariosto. :W(X5 -Milton. 3307 -J. Dryden. 3308 " " -Siialcespeare. ;«09 -Pope. 3312 not Manifested. 4512 Mark of g.-Woisey. 1895 for Mathematlcs-Efryptians. 3530 " " -Colburn. 3532 " 3.'j33 Military g. of Csesar. 4184 Misplaced-Gibbon in Pari. 4249 Modesty of pf.-Franklin. .3047 " " -Newton. 3048 Multiplex g. of Galiienus. 18.30 in Old age-Cowper. 2.300 Overlooked by critics. 1(18 Patience of g.-Dlscovery. 4032 Periods of g.-Uiscoverers. S.'iSO for Politics-Corrupt-Newcastle. 607 Poverty with g. -Isaac Newton. 43.39 vs. Presumption-C. and Pom. 5828 Resources of g. . 343 " " "-Napoleon 393 Reward of r.-S. Crompton-I. .5.35 -Faraday-ScientiHt..537 " " -Eli Whitney. 2091 Rewarded by exile-I\ay. 2902 Savage g. of Fred. William. 1072 Solitary g. of Wren in England. 280 State protected by g.-A. 343 for Success-Pizarro. 1008 " -Frederick the G. ."^.M Success of K.-('iP«ar. 130 -l-'red. II.-Leuthen.4rt " " " " " -Rosbach 177 Sudden display of g. f 'tomwe)I..">231 Sway of g. -Cromwell. S.Wl " " " ■Charlemagne. 3.")82 Triumph of g,-WilMam Pitt. 2835 Universality of Grecian g. .330 Tersatility of g.-Queen Eliz. 3605 Victories of g. -Frederick II. 5808 Multiplex g., Cipsar's. Patriotic g., Cromwell's. Proof of g. -Robert Burns. Recognized-Richelieu. Threefold g. of Francis I. with Vice-nnnnibal's. by Wisdom-Alexander. in Adversity-Cornelia. Art vs. War, Fine Art of G. Assumed g.-Dcspised-Nero. " " -t'liworthliy. Blemished l)y vice. Blot on g. of Alexander. DetPsted-Restraints of g. Disappearance of Pompey's g. Evinced in architecture. Field required for g.-Mllton. of Goodness-Pericles " " -National-Eng. by Great deeds-Themistocles. 2479 2480 *2481 *8482 *2I83 *.5484 *2485 0072 4200 4325 4457 2484 3741 .3430 .5719 2487 23.35 2395 .2300 34 (JENTILITY— OKNTLENESS. Viotorles of g. -Napoleon I. .5809 i ! Victory by g. -Washington. .5817 " •' -Cromwell. .5818 I -Cn'sar. .5819 , Weakness of g. -Frederick II. 1224 i -Shelley. IH for Wealth-Marcus Cras-us. .5072 Woman's great g.-Zeiioblu. 60.55 " g.-Aspusla. 6082 i Work of g. -Jefferson's I), of In(1.420 ; Youtliful evidence of ir. Milton, 101 j " g.-l.'iaai^ Newlcili. 0185 .^ic AltlMTlK.^. Misapplled-Fred. Il.-Vollaire. *3 Numerous-Rom. Emp. .Iiistiniaii. *4 Overrated I'orapey. *5 Sliown in youth. Alexander. "0 I'seless-J. Dryden Debate. *7 Balanc(!d-Geoigo Washington. 3100 ( 'onversational a.-Johnson. 1 172 Dangerous- rnliistructed. 1.507 Diplomatic a. -Corrupted. 1.594 "-Kemarkable. KKX) Field for Appropriate. 4224 Impractical- Mil ton-Politics. 4257 Manifold-(iueen Elizal)eth. 3005 Mlsplaced-(Jibbon in Pari. 40.54 Misappliod-Failure-Newton. 2100 " Goldsmith. 2030 " -"Magirflc'ntbrute."1008 Multiplex-Ca-sar's. 2470 Numerous-Ciailipiius. 1830 Practlcal-M. Van Buren. 4251 Presumable-Elevation. 3589 Prostltuted-Emperor Gratian. 1007 Restricted field for a. of Cresar. 275 Trlumphof William Pitt. .3.580 Wrecked-Splendid-Burns. 2027 Sce(;UE.\TXE. TACT. Lack of t.-John Adams. '''.5S01 Natural t. Henry Sidney. '*.5.502 Rewarded-Careless slave. Superstition overcome by t. 32 31 " ,33 See SKILL. MIsapplled-I'erpetual motion. *.")l(iK Proof of s.-Rothschild. *5109 Marksman's s.-Commodus. " -Crockett. •See TALKXT. without Character-Fred. II. Discovery of t.-Napoleon I. Education of t. -Alexander. Indications of t. -Mathematics, Lack of t.-Confederate Gen's. Overestimated-Napoleoii I . Untaught- Zerah Colburn. 34;3(> 43S2' *5.503 *.55(1 1 *,5.5ll5 ♦.ViOG, •5.'-)07 ♦,5.50K *6.">0!> 20.57 1305 4.50i> 4920 Without success-Goldsmith. 2030' See DISCOVERY anil MIND ge:ntii.ity. by Restraint-Samuel Johnson. •2348- Vicious g.-Samuel Johnson. *2.349 vs. Character-Byron. Developed by criticism. Misapplied- Ruler. Money rivals t.-Crassus. Miscellaneous crossrefcrence!!. vs. Character-Cromwell. 4501 Kffoct of g.-Love-IIatred. 3417 vs. Religion-Offence. 20.56 " Rudeness-Johnson. 3418 Vice gilded by g. 2,349 of Woman by restraint. 8348 See FASHION juid POLITENESS hi lue. OKNTLEMKN. Cross-relVriMiCL'. Respect for g. shown. 3140' OKNTLGNESS. Power of g., Christian. *2'i.50 exhibited. ♦2351 Miscellaneous cross-referencas. Excessive g. in ruler. 2304 Failure of g.-Iinpiety. 3418 Power over s. by g.-Joan of A. 1.559 " of g, -Joan of Arc. 412 of Rebuke-C.Tsar's. 4032 Success by g.-Mlssionaries. 5395 Pee COMPASSION in loc. GESTICULATION— GOD, 853 «KS'riCIJII. 835 GLORY. Departed g. of Portuguese. ♦SSOa Enduring g. of goodness. *2.3(i3 False g.-Edward III. *2.561 Forgotten-Pyramid builders. *2-!G5 to God only-Cromwell. i'23(i0 Military g.-Emperor Trajan. *236~ Miscellaneous cross-rofiTonces. In Acquiring wealth-Cato. 432 Age of g. -Saracens. 3782 Departure of national-England. 87 to God alone-Cromwell. 23B0 of Goodness, Lasting g.-A. 2.363 " " " John the Good."2018 Love of g.-Womau"s-Dustin. 3729 See HONORS in loc. GLUTTOIVY. Cross-reference. Hospitality complimented by g.26.39 See GOURMAND. Characteristic g.-Johnson. 2183 " " " 2927 Indigestion of g.-Soliraan. 2920 GOD. Conception of G.-Am. Indians. *23G8 " " "-Gen. LaHlre.^2:!09 Existence of G. rejeoted-F. *2!70 our Father-Egyptians. *2371 First for G. -Thomas Moore. ♦2372 Ideas of G., Philosophers'. *2,373 Ignorance of G., Philosophers'. ♦2.374 Invl.iible -Revealed- Arabs. *2.375 Political O.-E ist Indian. *2.370 Presence of G. -Mahomet. ^2378 -Huron chief. *2377 Iteqiiired by tli« soul. ♦2379 Severity of (i.-.S(randlnavIan8.^'J.3H0 Sons of t .'.-Christians. ♦2.181 Views of (J., Comforting. ♦2;W2 Vision of H. 4ftno Doscont from (f.-Alfxander. 8763 Devotion to the g.-h. Alblnus. 4184 KeKarded-a I'retext-Blbuluu. :W,(\ Terrifying (f. of Druids. *w II)()I,ATKV. of Herolsni-Emp. Claudius. ♦87()fl Ueitradation of I., Ki;yptlan, Kunatlclsra of 1., Uorniiii. Inferential l.-GoorKe Kox. Lasulvlous dances In K. I. Minute I -" Few grains of 1." of Naturo-.Vnolent Germans. HellKlon of vices. Weakne.ss of I. exposed. OOL.D. Craze for (f.-Kiiltfrants to Am, Delusin'i of K. -Londoners. " " " -Spaniards. Ts Labor-Oortez. Kulned by g.-J. A. Sutter. 8178 808,5 aoH.'j 8085 849 oia4 3974 5450 •8,388 ♦838!) ♦8.300 ♦.^391 ♦8398 Miscellaneous cross-rcforences. Captivated by (f.-Demosthenes. 672 Corrupted by jf. -Spartans. 58,50 Crop of (f.-Dream. 852;i Delusion of g.-Jamestown. 2807 Di'luslve hopes of (T. 1984 Kxuitlnfc dlscovery-Ca. 1974 I'unlshment-Melted (f.-Crassus. 4:U Siiutrht by I. Newtou-Alclieml8t.814 Value of g.-Indlan's estimate. 457 See .TEWEI.UY. Passion for j. -Henry VII. 'SO^a Extravagance in J. -Charles I. 2011 Treason for j. -Woman. 5098 See AVARICE, MONEY and KI(;HES 1)1 loc. GOIiD-SKEKERS. Miscellaneous crossrcferences. Delusion of g.-s. at Jameatown.a807 8.388 " " " -Londoners. 2389 " " -Spaniards. 8390 " " " 87.3.5 •' " " -California. 8.398 -Visionary. 1984 GOOD. Doing g. dally. ♦8393 for Evll-Perioles. 4037 See EXCELLENCE in loo OOODNKNN. MUi'i'lliininUf* iTimH icfiTtiirr,,, of (lod, Intlnlio g. Il.':i (Ireatntms of g.-C. d«' Medici. 8r.7 Lasting glory of AgeiillauH. ','.')tl:) Uespeittod .lolin tliedooil. H>\H UOHVKl,. u Heavenly inossaiie Sailor. ••.•.198 Triumph of g. over I'agaiilKiii. *8.'I99 CroHHrefiTihci'. or War- Mass. Colony. 5909 Hee CIIMSTI.VMTV (" liK. (liOMNIP. Serviceable for pul)llcallon-(>.^8400 See rALKltlCAIlKKS. Mischievous- Voltaire's CI It'lsm.. 3008 Mlserllunenus eroNs-ri-t'iTciu'cH. Characteristic g.-S. .lohtison. 8lK;l .... .. ,j,),_,- Indlgestlon of g.-Sollmaii. -IIJO See ItENEVOLENCK and SYM- I'AIIIV in Inc. GOVUHNITIKNT. Arbitrary g. causes Am. Uev. ♦8401 Art of g.- Diocletian. *8 1(18 Atrocious g -Kidnapping. ♦8403 Coorced-Charles I.-Flnance. *84(tl Complex g.-W. P. of Orange. ♦84(1.5 Concentrated. ^8400 " "The state is my8elf."^8407 Confused-C'ounter-clalms. ^8408 Dangerous- Kome-Decemvlrs. ♦2409 Demoralizing society-Had g. ^8410 Destitute of g.-New Jersey. ^8411 Detested-Chas. 1 1.- Weakness. *'iU:i Dictatorial g.-Gustavus III. ♦8413 Dlfflcult-Scotllsh people. ♦8414 Discordant g.- Many s'ver'gns. ♦8415 Disgraced by follies. ♦8410 Disordered Kolgii of C'nim"d's.*84l7 Divine form-Monarchical- Eng. ♦8418 Earliest g.-Llmi ed monarchy. ^8419 E'Miiiomlcal g. of Washington. *8420 Farcical g.-Constantine. ^3481 Fraudulent g.-C;ommons. ♦2488 Genius for g.-Alfred the G. ♦84-.'3 " " "-Hichelieu. ♦8481 Growth of g., Necessary. ^8485 Imperfections of British g. ♦8480 Impracticable g. -.James II. *84a7 Indiscreet g.-rnnianly-.Tas. I. ♦8488 Insulted-U.S. by Kr. citizen. ♦8189 without Law-Am. Indians. *84SO Moral g.-" Optimism "-M. ^8437 Spirit of g.-IIonor-Fcar-V. ^2455 Strife in g.-English IJarons. ^2450 Strong g., Cromwell 8. ^84.57 Succession in g.-Am. Indians. ♦81.58 Trifles in g. -Revolution. ♦34,59 Unfitted for g.-Wchard I. ♦3400 Venal g.-Fourteenth Par. ♦8401 Weakness of g.-Roman. ♦2408 Miscellaneous cross-references. Absolute g. by Cromwell. 1142 " " -Scheme of-Eng. 1545 " Louis XIV. 0809 Authority over g. -Cromwell. 881 Autocratic g.-J. II. in Scotland.3865 Avarlee of g. (harled I. i:i5 Hetrayi'd by gambler. 88(iti lllgotiy In g., DeNlriictlve K. 418*'> llloody g -Uol)espierre. 57:iu Bribed by pirates Homo. 4088 Bribes of g.. Ministerial. VHr, Burden of g.-Death of Harrison. 1.31 Burdens of mlsgovernment. 1,55 IIU)'lness prostrated by g. .3979 C»^n8ureof g.regented-I)lonysluH.74H Change In g., Huddon-Sweden. 8413 Choice vs. Force, by Chilstlan monarchy. Coerced by faction- Home. Commerce promotes good g. Conoillatlon In g.-Ciusar. Conservatism in g. Conservatives, Excessive. Controlled by Commerce-Eng. VVi-i ■MH 8019 977 1031 1180 1137 087 " " Wealth-England. 3070 Corrupted and prodigal g. Eng. 1,508 " by avarice. 1380 lilO " " " -Bo'-jan. 488 " " bribery-Bacon. 1310 " England. 1314 " -Sun'land 1315 180.5 3053 130f) 181 1 10,55 3880 8995 99 1345 3315 " " Eutroplus, " " foreign M. " " sale of ofHee, " -Endangers. " In g.-James II. " of g.-.Salo of office. Corruptly administered. Criticism of g. in time of peril. Cruelty of g. -Henry VIII. Deceit of g. -Charles II. Degraded by diplomacy of C.II. 109 Delusive g.-Plato's-PerBlan. 1881 Demoralizing g.-Charles II. l(iI5 Despair of g.-Corruptlon-Eng, 4353 Despotism of g.-Malls. 3380 Difficult In large cities- London, siio by DlKnltHrlt,s-Colony of Va. 1.583 Discord In divided g. 1030 Disgusting g.-Louis XIV, 4051 Dishonored by c. 8137 Division of g., Ruinous. 1695 " Drunken Parliament." 3935 Education by g.-Perslans. 0313 Effective by self-control. 3,595 Endangered by aF9as8ln8-Booth.373 Energetic g., Cromwell's. 47rr. Extortion of g.-Morton's fork. 8003 ' -Richard 11. 8007 Extortions of France. 3073 Falsehood in g.-NapoIeon II. 8043 Family g. by t.-16ih century. 803 " " overdone-J. Howard. 800 " " " " 411 Favoritism In g.-Charles II. 2110 by Fear-England. 8114 " " -Roman army. 1019 Finances of g.-Sacriflces. 1987 by Foreigners-Eng. by French. 730 Free speech suppressed by g. 3940 Frugality In g.- Misapplied. 8845 Headless g.-Roman Empire. 3013 by Humiliation of subjects. 848 Ignored by g., Official. 98 -Agent. 3899 jHi, iHM UM m^mmm OllACK— GUATITIDK. 855 Imbecile it. of Van Uuren. ni Imbecility of Komuii g. 'Unt) Imperilled by (actloiiH iluman. UTU lmpru40 3()9 1.340 :uH2 (ilsil *r,i " "-Uonian Empire. Revolutloidzed-Cromwoll. Uljcht of self ({.-"Squatters." Scheme of g., Noble-I'urltans. Service demorali/.ed~KnKlaud. Shameful conduct of k- Spleen In (f.-Senators. Stro.i;; g by personal force. Supported by aKrioulturo. Sustained by vice. Terrifying fc.-Caracalla. Terrorlzed-New York mob. by Terror- Henry VIII. Trifles magnified by g. Tyrannical g. refcnted-Conpp. Vassalage of Knjf. to France. Women overturn (c.-Kome. See ,\l).MI\IsrilATI()X. Responsibility of a.-C'>\binct. Unfortunate a. of Van Ijuron. United a. of A. Lincoln. Revolutionized by Cromwell. See A\1BAS.SAD0R. Ridiculous- Voltaire to Fred. II. 410 4 Strange a.-Joan of Arc. 28!»'! See AMBASSADORS. Bribed by Philip of Macedon. 071 See AUTHORITY. Absolute a. necessary In war. *400 " "-Early Romans. *407 "-Turks. +408 Acknowledged-Franks in G. *409 Assumed-Oliver Cromwell. *410 Dependence on parental a.-II. *41t by Gentleness-Joan of Arc. *413 Imprudence with a. *4I.3 Necessary-Military. *4I4 Personal a. -Am. Indians. *4i.') Popular a.-Chas. I. humillated.*416 Supreme a.-Joan of Arc. *417 Uougbt with money Sylla. by Character Arlstldes. Command without a. Common a. -Spartan c. -llorteM. Coulllutlnfra.-Capt.Wudsworth " " -Inspiration. Confusion of a. Gov't of Acre. Delegated to the pope- Indulg. Dlsregdrcied-Popo Innocent III Divided Failure. Greatest act of personal a. Intolerable to Am. Indians, lavestnicnt of a.-H. censor. I'arental a. -Perfecit Harmful 1 Possession of a. -Cromwell. I'owcr gives a. J 4711 a7Ho MO I.WIO r,.') 700 5000 1 j.'iOO *4s;i •I.VIO * lO-,'.") ♦loao *4<)!.'7 •40-JH *4(W'.) n)o:i .'•)0 IJ 5HKS 1.V!7 .3H.V1 4:i!l :i;7 ■XyX 2!)00 :!8Jt .5200 0131 .')7;i7 •J^7.") *4rS',' * 17K! In Kxcltcnunt (i. WuHbiiigton .'MOA Power over others by n.e. Sleep ul win Napoleon I. in SupprexHlng indignation. " " rcseiitmoMt. Weakness In s..(', coiifesHcd. SceHKLK I'OSSKSSIDN. Urave s. -p. -Admiral Lc Fort. Ruled by one will. 2144 -Washington.28;io Virtue necessary to r. 24.').') See RESTRAINT. Dlfflcult-Martin laither. 1-4829 Arbitrary a.-Edward I. Autocratic a. of Henry VIII. " " " Pompey. Beneflelal-Arrogated-Popes. 710 424 423 4302 of Etiquette-Distasteful. 1927 Gentility favored by r.- Johnson 2348 Hateful to wild men. by Rudeness of rebukes. See SELF-COMMAND. against Fear- William III. See SELF-CONTROL. Remarkable s.-c -Duke Fred. Abandoned-C. J. Fox. Arm 3418 *.')0S2 *50R3 58ee in Danger-Charles XII. S.'.' SEI.l-liOVKItN.Nir.NI'. liasls of-Vlrtuu Intclilgeuce. Capacity ft)r s. g. Mass. Faculty of s.g. Uonians Kng. Withheld Colony of Virginia. S.e TYRANNY. Cruelly of t. Xerxes. Ecclesiastical t. Cathollo. Emblem of t.Uastllc. Insurrection against t.-P. Legislative t.-Lomr I'arli'in'nt of Liberty-French Revolution " -Rev. Tribiinai. Parental t. -Frederick Wm. I. Recompense for t. France. Selfdestruetive t.-Komau. Shameful t. Spaniards. Terrible t.-Glldo. .■nos .•.20.1 um 4804 r>o»i •.■>09l 1210 •.M87 •.■)()H8 •.'HIW) ♦,'i(KIO •,')73l •.'>7;» ♦.->7:io •.'i737 .♦.'>7;iH .*.-i;39 ♦.5710 ♦B741 ♦.5742 •.1743 •.•)744 •r)74.'5 In Amusement-Spaniards. .')7I4 of Ca.ste, Social t. 3191 Displaced by t.-Virglnia. 2I|:1 Ecclesiastical t.-Ex(:'min'ni(^'n. 4911 Exasperated by t. Sicilians. 13lo Household t. of elder brother. 2.i'U 038 in Excommunication. 4911 Legislative t.-B. Parliament. 31,M Ni)nreslstanc<^ to t. 3821 Opijre.s.-ilon of t.-llopo-Crime. 3231 Reaction against t. Rulimis. 427 Resented-New Eng. Colonics. 1)!K) Sii' Diri.nMACV, I'oLiriCS ;ii,i! RCI.ICKS /„ /.„.. <>iHA< ■•:. Mlscell;iiieoti> en )ss- references. Election of divine g.-(roni. ISll Restraints of g. -Anger. 4033 Revelation of (io(rsg.-Banyan.l70H for Suffering-Unexpected. 1219 See RELIfiloN in luc. GRADUATION. Dishonorable g. of H. Mlllf r. *2403 yee PRO MOTION in luc. GRATITUDE. Expressed-Cliarles 11. *24(!4 -S. Johnson. *210.'5 Improvident g. of Goldsmith. ♦2100 Miscellaneous crnss- references. Begets love-J. Howard. .344.') Christian g.-Benevolence. 525 Genuine g. to Lincoln. 514 Inappropriate- Princes of Spain. 10.56 Player of g., Silent. 4379 Reward of g.-General Grant. 4878 for Sparing mercy of God-S. W. 119 SpeechlesB-Peasant-Nap. 1152 Unexpected g. of Darius. 5373 Unpleasant consequences of G. 54 Hon Vow (>r K'< MMKoln'a. ' An uriJuNt. Her THA.NK.H. KxprusHed tia:iiu«l .)i)buRon. KofuH«(l, (URtoiDiiry t.-I'olk. Stf TIlA.\KS(ilVI.\(i. Duty of t. Nt^Kleoled. Thrtsefolil I'IiuIuh. for Vlutiiry HpanlHh Arinudu. SHOO rwKto •5678 ia57 •6570 •55H0 •65M1 lli'iiilliiHS l. fcirfodd. 1«4 I'liron'ul t Kicapir fromb'rtrinf.Hia THiilm iif t. Vltitory of Duiihiir. 5H«1 UltATIIITY. ('r"^Iidtlplexff.,Ciuaar'8. Patriotic St., Cromwell's. Proof of (?.- Ilobert Burns. UcooKnized-Iilchelleu. Tlireefold (?. of Francis I. with Vlce-IIannibal's. by Wisdom-Alt!xander. 40-11 *a-J09 *a470 ♦2471 ♦347a •2473 •2474 ♦3475 ♦2470 ♦2477 ♦2478 ♦2479 ♦24H0 ♦2481 ♦2482 ♦24R3 ♦2484 ♦24a> ^IlscelUinetms croas-rcferencL'S. in Adversity-Cornelia. fX)72 Age of g.-Moors. 125 Art vs. War, Fine Art of Greece. 4200 Assumed j; -Desplsed-Nero. 4325 " -Inworthily. 44.')7 Blemished by vice. 3184 Blot on (?■ of Alexander. 3741 Detestod-Restraints of {,'. 3180 Disappearance of Pompt;y's g. .5719 Evinced in arohltocture. 2487 Field required for K.-Mllton. 2;B5 of Goodness-Pericles. 2395 -National-Enu. 2396 GUATl ITV-OLILT. by Great deedii 'rlii-tnlHtooiuH. 84 Ineonipluiod K' <'lc«ro, IIHMO Natural I*, of Luther by Carlyle, 709 Gvort)rHl».. of «., I'onipt'y'ii. 4370 Pumonal k- of Oliver <'romweli. 1.(22 Uexpected K -G. W'aNhiiiuton. Xi'iH l(ldlc!ul<'(i Kniperor Julian. 4894 of Houl Muley Moluc. 26(11 True It. Alfred the Great. 41M12 " '• -CharlcH Martel. 49(i;i " " -Canute. 4901 UnsurpaNsed mllltury k CieHar.4312 Vanity wlWi k Kllzabcth. 5775 Sou E.MI.NKNCI.;, (IK.Nirs iiml KAMI-; ill Iw. UHtKV. C'onjugal g. Thoc. .lelTerson. ♦2180 Fatal j{. Artaxerxes. '2487 Public (t. Kali of Jerusalem. ^2488 .\bstlnence in g. Wll'mif James. OOIW of AffecUoii. -Daniel Wiib.ster. .501 .\(((.'d by ({• Andrew Jackson. 105 .Vnnered by k. -Caracal la. IO90 at ({.-Cambyses. 2881 False oure for c.- Promotion. 21HI3 Ktttal g. of James V. of Scotrnd.;K)H " "-Dying for love. 3;J19 " Sudden g.-Dr. Mott. 3810 Heart broken by g. -Henry II. 4005 " "-Perronet. 2,V14 Madness of g.-Alexander. 1428 Overcome by g. -Josephine. 18011 of Separation. Nap's friends. 715 Silence of g.-Napoleon 1. 6140 Solitude for g -Confucius. 52.59 Sec UEKEAVi:.\IKNT uii'l SOKKOW in toe. GRIEVANCES. Croart-rt'ference. Ignored by James II. GROVES. Worship In g.-A ncients. C'ro)4.H-referencc, Dreadful g. of Druids. See TREE in toe. .3853 •2489 8102 GRVlTlBLiNG. over Failures of Ad. Nelson. ♦2490 Sec COMPLAINTS. Dlsregardod-Bllleting act. ♦1008 Miscellaneous cross-references. Characteristic c.-Palmerston. 1311 Croaker's o.-Itad times. 1315 Dlsregarded-Romans. 3143 111 tempered c.-Johnson. 1693 Inconsiderate o. -Pericles. 1709 Perilous c. of captives-Indians. 5&5 Permission of o. denied. 1201 Useless c. against his mother-A. 114 See GRIEVANCES. Ignored by James II. 3853 See CROAKING, of Degeneracy -Eng. Puritans. ♦ISIS Habit of c. about the weather. ♦1316 GUARD. InsufBoient g.-Cortez. ♦2491 .\flic«llaii(Mitit rrfi!4t refuf«ne«n, Splendid g. 70UU horNemen. KMtl TroauheroUM g,, Washington'!. 1136 Mi'c E.SCIIJIT III lue. GHENT. .MUct'lljun'otii* (TuMN refVrpftcoH. Entertainment of g. England. 3iui0 Fortunate g.-IIost poisoned. 4225 «iratltudoof g. Sylla. .'W'.'O PollteneitH of g-Cn'sar. 3100 Treacherous g. Jamns Burton. 28.50 Ungrateful g. Ilene77 4310 aSHO 3170 4a81 1374 2038 8819 3056 1033 HABIT. Powar of h., c'ivlll/.ailon bj. •1M07 Mlwi'llaiioiii* criiHt rnfvrtncei. Aoqul'ed h. of iifarlue. 43A t'onarmml, Mcuntloui li. J. II. Mii DlKKUNtinKh. KatltiK. Iil8-'l Hardened bj b.-Tlraour. 13:1; Nerroua h. -Paring nalU. 8807 Prevarloatlun by h.-Chan. II. 8730 IIAHfTN. TerHonal b. John Milton. •8498 MUcvllitiU'diiN oriins rorercncei. UundaKeo! b.-Vloe. UOK.'i " -JaraeH II. MM Oaruleas l.-U. (ioldiimlth. 71f> Klxednem uf b -Am. Indians. 0O4 Healthful h. of John WeMer. 138 Modify rellttlouH oxproHnlun-N. 843 Neoe88ltate amiiNnment. 3305 S... I'llACTICK. Export by p.-Juffrey8. 19»4 KxpertneM by p -Iloraemen. 3034 See UA.Mlll.lMl lui.l I.NTK.MI'KK- A.NI'K in tuc. HAIH. ('handed In early life. Manly h.-FlrHt cuttlD((. Pride in h.-li;mper(ir Jallau. Princely Htylo of b. -Franks. Uldlouled-" Kouiidhead." Unoombed-IIarald II. Useof-Orace-Terror-Sp'rt'ns.*3505 •2409 •3600 •3.WI •3503 *3,'>0.| MlBCcllaneoiiK croHs-refcrcncca. Beauty In b.-8ylla-Gold. Memento of venKeanco. .Sif IIEAKU. 81(?nlfloant b.-Walter Scott. 49.'i 4847 •490 C'baniced by b. -Lincoln advised. 6103 of Cowards-llalf -shaven. 1880 Golden (Ued) b. of Henry VIII. 03 IndlRulty to b.-Caeaar. 2700 Vow to leave uncut-Soott's f. 40O See HE Alius. Charaoterlstio b.-Lombards. •401 1735 1505 2501 3370 Legislation to shave. Limited use of b. -Franks. LonK-Lombardx. Pride In jx)pMtoM(i-.TuIlan. Shaven-" lie atralnat faces." Trimmed for battle-Alexander.2500 See liAKBER. Ostentatious b. -rebuked. 1007 Superlatlve-lOOO-Constantlne. 3003 HAIiliVCINATlON. Kealistlc h.-Luther and the d. •2606 Cross-reference. Enthusiast's h.-Joun of Arc. See CIIAUM. Protecting c.-Thunder and 1. " " -Agnus Del. See CHIMERA. Pursuit of c. -Isaac Newton. See CRAZE. for Gold-EmlKrants. Hm cnchantment, BoylMh e. -David Crmkott. " " In booki-IrvliiK. Pergonal e. by Mahomet. S.r INKATUATION. Dcstrurilvii I. iif Nuro. of PrIdu .liimi's II. 0.'U 030 313-1 •3810 •381W 2384 ♦782 •783 •814 2388 of Curioilty Pliny. 6060 Inventor'H l.-Arkwrlght. 61(18 of Love l'ai{e of Mary 8tuart. 8^13 Political I. .lamH* II. 33N8 Popular l.-CHt of Florida. 75 of War Chail.H XII. 1330 Sf.- rA.>*(M.NATIt)N. of liuauty Mary smart. 6080 " " -/.cncibla. 0065 " " -HtmrlliiHs woman. 109 " Hooks Dr. Harviiy 038 Lover's f.-VVin. the Conqueror. 3.')H3 '- Robert Hums, 4319 " (iarlbaldl. 3IH0 of Mistress 'lames II. 1 133 " Vice Mary Stuart. 1171 " Woman. 3819 -Cathorlno Sodloy. 3813 -Mary Stuart. XiU " " -(imrtesan of Mllo. 6«et CONtKiillT. by .XfTectloii of friends. Martyr..'ll(i3 " Dreiiiii Napnleon I. 173.'i In MNforluiic Mdlianiniedan c. ir<08 Uollgious <^ In (llstreHH. " " trial. •Se.' CO.MENTMKNT. In GardenliiK'Dldcletlan. under HardslilpH J. Wesley. Inferior <' Samuel Johnson, with Poverty Diogenes. Price of c. -Napoleon I. Possession of 7 acres- Itomans, Postponed "What then?" with Poverty Abdnlonymus. without Ulehen I'lioelon. Sir KCSIASY. Hollglous e.-Ji \::: ii>>'>vca. S, ■ ,loY. of Discovery (iaiileo. Fatal J. Shock to explorers. IntoxleallnK .)., WiOllngton's. Public J.-Ae(|iiltliil of 7 lips. 3 1. '.9 331 C. •1148 •I 119 ♦II60 ♦1151 ♦11. '.3 I,V.' 1071 .'•i08.'> 4883 ♦17(;H ♦303M ♦;i(MI *;!(i;u) ♦;i(i;ii of Benevoienee A. Lincoln. n.'iO " " Faraday. 5.'i7 -John Howard. 4193 " " -Uev. J. Newton. 3077 " Business-Chauneey Jerome. 090 " Discovery-Spaniards. 33(iC Domestic J. of Mareius. 113 FatiilJ.-Lover'.s. 3.'U8 Inodiislderate J. of peace. 40!H of Peace-War of 1813. 4mi Reaction of J. -Insanity. 3998 of Reallzatlon-C'olumbuB. 4033 Religious j. in persecution. 581 Speeclilecs J.- Lujolals. 3998 of Success-Columbus. 5398 in Wealth-Sudden. 4848 See HAI'TrRE. of Martyrs-Scots Iron boots. 2008 See UE.IOICINO. Premature r.-Fatal. 1608 "-"Lamll Land I" ica5 See AMrSEMf:NT, ENJOYMENT, HEAVEN and PLEASURE ill lii<;. HARANGUE. Incessant h , Napoleon's. See SPEECH in loc. •2519 HAH HAUUNIIII'N. Military h Uoniuii Uit(l<>iiiii'leii.*'.'.VJO Huoa«M by h.-C. ilerorou. *'ifiiil MiNct'tluiHMtiiM rroRn-reffTpncoa. MltiHitMlnl >i -Jnliii Wosluy. 11 in Yuiitliful h A Mnoulii. Uiil.'l mm " " ('. Joromn. tlll«l " " (fro. WttHliltiKton. tllllH Htt ADVKKsri'Y Hiiil I'lUALH IN tt)l\ lIAHinONY. Fear of h.-.Spm-trtii-< i"iii'iit'n.**)!W Hie CONCOUI). Ti. CoiiqiiuruU MUliiko. 10(17 Hve AdUKKMKNT. Forced a. a KullurH. V£\ NouuMHury In (ItmiiiKtlittlon. ltl.Vl Policy lu a. CIcorD-l'ifiiipey. 3UIM Si'i' MI'.HK,' in U,c IIAUVKNT. LoBt-oohi iiniii.'t Hc.wti. *-iJm si'i' I'UriT ill i',c. ■lANTIi. Defects of h Klim Ait. »sr)!j.| NeedltSK li.-Adrnlitil DPHke. *a6-ib Hoe IMI'ATIKNOK. DlBajfreorafiit by 1 -llHnillton. 'aTlH KoUy of l.-O. (ioldsnilth. ♦jH'II) Foolish 1. of Xerxes Ketter. Sao HATHKD. SavaKo h.-t'ieiich vs. ltulluns.*2S!iO MlHctOliiiicous cro88-refcrcnccii. Abandoned at the Krave. 180!) Credulity of h.-dotlis. I.VJH Deserved-Naiiio of Joffrcys. HTtlT Expressed, I'opular li, 1,357 Expression of h.-t'outrovorsy. IKlfl liijurer's li. toward the liijiirt'd. aiT) Inspiration of li.-Wni. I', of (). ailM of iManklnd deserved- B ir^la. ■Ji-TO Maternal h. Sar^li Jounln^s. 0071 Political li.of Anierl(;an-.fohnson.dl5 Popular h. Joau by England. lO.W Race h. Inflamed by ruler. .3.'>40 Ueturned for affection. SHHU Stimulated by conscience. 33H9 Universal h. of Commodus. 5713 Vlctlmsof h. of J. Il.-Jeffreyic. 919 Hoe ANCIER. Symptom of a -Napoleon, *220 Antl-rellftious a. ISrutal a. -Frederick Wm. I. Controlled by a.-Petor the (i. Co9tly-fa),000. Folly of a.-Milton. Fooll.sh a.-John Adan..s. Furious a.-Iiyron"8 mother. of Jealou.ay-Voltalre. Overpowering a.-Washinprton. Quenched by reading Koran. " " good-humor. Reaction of a. -Alexander. Savage a.-Frederlck William. Undeserved a. of Waohlngton. Weakness-Philip. 4741 f)7ll 5091 4102 11(17 4-,'.34 37*J 300',' ,1(1 O.I 1933 1741 1872 2748 5104 llAUDSim'S-IIKAUlMJ. Her ANIMdHirV Kralcrnal a ( 'iiruitnlla and (1. *st>'l(* ' of lt(ii*lo I'nrettMoualilo. Aiitlciithollua. ".'11 Mic CilNIK.Mri'. I'.xipri'MSiMl, 'I'lniotir's c. *1II'' for I'retenslon-Pliates. •Ull -Alarl.!. '1115 < PnitrtotHd by c. .Maximus. •IIKI Uisllgious u. I'urllaiH. •!! IV of AnutT rnnierltrd o, 8180 lor Ili'ilHirs Isaai! Newton. tltlO I'lired b)f advitrsUy Itraddoek's 97 KxpieSNiid for Ocorgr II. 9 l''.iiulllarlty brends (^ .1. lIogK. ''•'*'*>l KoolMi e. Pope I.utlicr. WV> KoUy breeds c. I''iintttles. H.WH of (Jeiilu.s Killlon'so. 2.'10(1 .Mhtaken c of Cajetan for L. '.'.'w Public c. expressed. 1077 Social c, IinpeilllcMl by. .'1.510 Hvv l>i:'l'i:sTATIilV. Courage under d. Cromwell, 'l."*'! Public d. of KutropluM, *\!>M H.'c llo.MTIMTY. .Supreme h.-Knmlty to Franco. •2(151 ,3812 3!W 1.587 (100 07,'l a *2795 1052 Implacable h.-Koamn's oath Sco l.NhKlNATltl.V. Affected 1. -Napoleon 1. Aroused by deception. at Urlbery -Isaac Newton. " -8. A. Douglas. ExppoBsed by absence. " -Patriotic 1. Furious-Disguised man. of (;ods oxpcctod-Pagans-Nllo. 091 Ill-timed l.~Invt^sllgatloii. 2995 Irrepresslblo-Ueo. Washington. ,50 Popular 1. at Dr jtailty. ;)()I8 " "" assassinators of ('. 10 " " " Clarendon. .3.H98 " " " murder of Becket.3.50." " " " Stamp A<'t. ,3,52.-^ of Pride Samuel Johnson's. 43l!« Public 1. at absenteo-(!oorge 11. 9 " " -Hrlbcry of Demos. 07.' at Threatening of Gates. 279,^ Unuttered I. -Napoleon I. bGi>3 See WRATH. Victim of w.-.Iews-Antlocl\UB. MX See STKlKKm.il VENfui-WCS in tin;. HATS Cniss-ruIVrci'-e Difficulty in getting*, hpgland,2Z04 HAIIOHTI^KJIS. Lordly h. of Sat ,r. *2,5!;7 Mlscollaneous crusa-referencc. IIumbled-Klngly-Crorawell. 2623 See ARROGANCE. Answered-CharlesV ♦SIO tJhIIdlsh a. of Xerxes-Fetters. ♦320 Insulting a.-Attlla. *Z£l\ " -Charles V. ♦322 Boastful a.-DI.?abul the Turk. Clerical a. In politics. 384 920 4929 Lofty a.-Attlla. Mtf National a. Knullsli. XK) Peril In a -llraddook's defeat. V7 s™ AS.sl'.MI'TKiN lloastfiil a of Dlsalml tlie T. *a(H Itobukod Bishop Cokn. UTNT See CON I'I'.MACY. Falie charge of r. llp.CrMnmer.SOtK H.e CO.NTEMI'l' uml I'UI1*K in Ivf. IIKAII. Criiptii ril'.Ti'iico. KloiiKated-Perlcles. uo? 8e« HKPLL. oinluoua discovery of n. SITU ■iKAi/rifl. Following discase-Cholura, ♦8528 llorolsni without h. Wm. III. ♦'J52U Prized by Arabs. ♦2n;it) by Travel William Irving. ♦2531 Mliicelliuieoui cniM reference!. Bath restores h. .Napoleon. ,3502 Cure for h. -Longevity. 3282 Dejection from bad h.-Pltt. 1515 Disordered by excitement. IIHI) Disregarded by employers. iM Kxposed at funerals. 2250 Inip,ilred by over-study. 8704 Imperilled by bath-.VIexander. 1U48 " garbage. 8828 Improved-Public -Sanitary. 3550 Longevity with feeble h. 3.320 in Old Age-Samuel Johnson. 123 I. .> '■ -"Tower undermined. "132 Preferred to dignity-Charles V.2027 -Diocletian. 202(k Public h. impaired 52 years. 4191 ResioimK h. -'Fountain of Y." 0190 Suci-iflues fc.rh.( lollies. 225(1 Sue DIKT. Cilciplictty in d.-John Howard. ♦IS^S Frugal soldier's d.-Emp. Carus. 447 Importance of plain d. -Youth. (121',f Life prolonged by d. 2171 an Obstacle-Young Irving. 273^ See DKAINAUK Scheme of d. -Charles. ' ♦171" Sujcess by d.-Homans. •1711 Agriculture Improved by d. 1711 Death by lack of d. 4158 Health by d.-Johu Howard. 41611 Opposition to d -Sportsmen. 112^ See WATKRIN3 4«2i ..*25a3 MliMM>lli4iii*(it)M oroM rt'fi'ri'lirtit. Ihiliiniiliinl (III II h. I.iithrr. Wt7 I'revuiitiiil by ii|i|i<'tlt( iv War. mm; limull liy boxliiK ». ^ Tr(i|iliy III iiiii|iiiia(«(J e. MMIII ■IKAHT. Ilrokun MiN4 I'MrnnKit. *IUWit -Story Win. Irvlng'i. •«»)« Ilardenitd .Ihiidk II KnhnlN. *mstl IIoiiMMt li. a " f(irlri'H»"-H. I,'. •3r>.')7 I.'tllKllIK for (Itxl llliiiloii. *!<,'i])H OtMliimiiih.Munleriir K<'rriiri.*!lAJtl) Mlnri'lliii ii« cruurcfiTvlicot. Htttlxr than Ki^iiluH. S.tan Broken by Krlef ArtiixcrxoH. 8W7 ' Ilonry II. ■um KiilKmii of the human h. 8.111 Kvll h. conoealtid ( 'hiiN.thfl llud. IIUIII Kallur« of h., Kxtfriitloner'ii. litVIt Ilanli'iiitd by Nplllint; blood. \!V\7 I'oHtry without, h , (»ray"ii. 42IH HuIIkIou of tliu h. M. l.uthiT. 14Hn Sin of tht! h., OfffiiHlvc. ao) 8upri!ma(!y of tlio li, iiueditd. 8»1H Way to tht! h. I.ovc.if nioihcrN.ll.'i WountlM uiihralitd. 8iH)3 See EMOTION iinil IJISI'USITION in Ido, HRAHTM. ('nun rcfiTcnci". King of h.'Cbark'N Talbot. HKATHEN. MIxci'llaiii'Mus i'ri«nri'fercnco8 CotiHcU'iicc uMHatl. to p. mn, nx, lloroim' bloody p. I'ukhiiii. 1117 l.ttttHm iniit to p (lUUl.4. '.",',■)« VP4. IVrdltlon, Whirhf mil (^ualltIfl .Mohammedan p. Seven hells. aviH Fictitious h.-.lullaii the apost. •3.>49 Mlscollttiieous cross-rcfereiici's. In Adversity. Delayed till needless. Divine h. iiei'deil Mneoln. from (iod, the best .loan. Necessary Hrlton's appeal. Withheld makes manhood. .'■)420 4(HM VM) 30111 KWO <''intnidli'tiid orleaii* prlncei. of rrliiie ( ii-Hiir « family Cruilly by b Nero of DUpoNiiion Kreili'ili'k II " " .Meluiirholy. " " Nero KiUiire of h. Croiuwell'i Ron. of (letiliiK WuttM. " " lllalse Pamuil. In (lovernnieiit MoiiHrehy h'einuli' line I. Ineompeleiii'e by h (tohUmllh In .Meeliiiiili'M Kiini Iiiillaii. of ProfisHliiii III Mifypt ■■ Mhailieles»Meno Mohammedan p. Punishment.* i.'iHi HELPKHN. Dependence on h - Auxiliaries. •3.').W Mlsci'lhiiu'oiis tTosH-rcfi'ri'iift'n. .\oknowled>ted by I. Newton. KiHl HepHlled by InslniHTlty. 2041 Sustained by I,iniM)ln. ,V3 Valuable- .Mds of Napoleon. 8881 Sec ASSlSTANCK. Kner(tetlo a. of I'oinpey. *377 liefused wisely to son. 2(1.30 Ucsponse to Mahomet's call. I7.'i See RKINKOKCEMKNTS. Daniterousr.-Emlifranlslo Va.*4G(i6 .Self ALI.IANCK, CO.NTIU lU'TIO.NS uikI 1'ATR0NA(!K ni Inc. HEREDITY. of Disposition-Frederick II. •S.l.'il Failure of h.-Howard's father. ♦35.')2 Miscellaneous cross-references. I of Character-Charles I. 3G38 8vr IM7 'JOT!* ■iMI .'IMMI .'riNMI .10ft7 '£»:> Ifttl 34.M Aim xvfr 44HII 80(1(1 i;i.'M (117.% 1134 •33(1 ♦ •'•>T liarbaro'is a. of Kiiropeans. 3710 Hase a. Wliehes and ileinons. 1,5^'m character from a. (^. Kll/.abeth. 7lkl " " Americans Dcprii ,rd a., Nero's. ' a. coiifessi'd Disreputable a. John XII. Dl vl lie -Spurious SI le HUH. licnius by a. .lohn Milton. Ilap|iliies.4 afTeitted by a. Humble a.-N. K. (iaiirlnl. I " "-Diocletian. I Nolijllly of a. desplsi'd Nap I I'rido In honi'st a Napoleon. i Saviiue a. of Kuropcuiis. Selected a I'llKrlni I'alhers. Cnfortuimte a. Charles I. .See 111 HTM. Accident of b. .Napoleon. CoiKMMiled .Mohaininedan's. Humble b., (iabrlnl's. " " Diocletian's Superior to b.-Uobert Hums. Welcome b. -Napoleon's son. rri 1.^38 3IH1(1 4.ior> 3;ix(i 33118 a'loo tm •Ml.') ;ni>3 ■3.')»3 3719 3178 3028 •.■•)92 •,'.93 •.',94 •.IDS ••'.9(1 ♦.'J97 Abilities more than b. 3735 Caste of h. Italians. T'32 C. lebrated shamefully. 12(10 llliiilrlous b. liiefrectlve-Uupert.330 -HonofN.r.»7 .Meiinness of b.-Plzarro. 041 Misfortune by b.-Clmrles I. ,3628 " " " Pretender." 0823 Sec I'ATKKNITV. Inferred by condiu't. •4026 See I'AKKNT in loc. HH;ltE!«Y. Fined for h.-Donatlsts by Catli.*2.').')3 IlautiiiK h.-lioi;er Williams. 'XM Madness at li. -Philip II. •2555 Suppressifm of b. by law. *25.')6 Mlscelliineons cross-references. Champions aeatnst, >i. .lesults. 3900 Far-fetched h.->Ioan of Arc. 17'3C vs. Mailenancy Parental. 31189 Punished for h. -William Pcnn. 3970 800 HERETICS— HOME. RuacllDK the Bible a b -U. IIunnu.5T2 Holentlfio h. of Uuliloo. r)787 Toleration of h. U. Williams. 5«38 Sec IIKTEKODOXY. Evidence of h. In trifljs. *8571 HEHKTICM. Terrtaed-Bmnde(l-Nakedne88.*2557 VenKeance atralnst h. -Corpse. *3.')5H MUeclhiniouii crosareferenc*. Pretext for i)erHe(MitlnK h. 6073 S>f AI'USTASY. Open a. of Honmnug. *'i61 Primitive a. by persecutfin. ♦Ssa Kiiconra^ed by iaw-Maryland. Explained InoouslstoLjy. Di.-ii;r(iditai)lB a. ''rote.stant. Koactlon of forced converts to Kequlred of officer. Sei' Al'O.STATE. Honored unwisely. Shameful a. -Justus. See A1"(!STATES. Forirlven by Primitive C. ,4110 2774 l!);«i a.020 1471 3177 1369 *a^3 Malice of a.- KniKlits Templars. 19.39 " " " -Julian's. 2549 See PEK.SKCrTION in loc. HKRraiT. Myterloua h. ot Niagara Falls. *!J5.59 HERO. Patriotic h. -William Wallace. *8,')60 Unsurpassed h.-Muley Moluc. *2561 Miscelhitii'ous cross-references. Admlred-Beiisarius. 1686 Cbristian h. -Thomas Lee. 1571 Contempt for cowardice. IS.'il Daring of h. -.Sergeant Jasper. 2151 Delfled-Claudlus Britannlcua. 2706 Described-Charles XII. 1970 Encouraged-Martin Luther. 1879 Terrifying h.-Klchard the Lion 3770 Dead h.-SoIyman invoked. ♦2.568 for Freedom-L'duverture. *25r.3 See HKROISM. Admirable h.-Lafayette. ♦2564 " -PrlnJ. to God only-Alex. Murray. ♦3085 2590 ♦4817 Disgusted by king's k. See KKSl'ECT. Beneficial-Samuel Johnson. See KEVEKKNCE. Excessive r.-Wm. Pitt. ^4867 Filial r.-Alexander. ♦4868 for Parents-Ancients. '4869 Religious r. -Pagans. ♦4870 for Animals-Egyptians. 2171 " Clergy excessive-Ferd. 11. 921 I'lxcessive religious r.-Pagans. 4870 Foolish r.-Sacred goose-Goat. 6151 for Relics-Religious. 4676 4678 Restraint of r. -Repairing temple.87C Superstitious r. for the Bible. 585 HomE. Beautifled-Walter Scott's. ^2592 Common Riwnan h. described. ♦2693 Deserted-Londoner's h. ♦8594 Palatial h.-Roman. ^2595 Shaded-Puritan's h. ♦2696 Thoughtful of h.-A. Lincoln. ^2597 Mlscellr.neous cro.«s-references. Bloody h.-Palace of the Cajsars.2072 a Castle, Poor man's h. "'42 ('ourtesy at h.-A icients. 4869 Desolated by death-J. Watt. 562 Expelled from li. for piety. 1063 Inferior to English inn, 2876 Invention benefits li. dishc. 2973 Mistaken-Oliver Goldsmith. 609 Protected, Poor woman's. 3057 Religious training at. li.-W. 18i9 h.-Puritan-Cromweli,8919 IJemembranceof h.-Gen. Fraser.183 »a6H8 ♦2B89 S37 r)307 6034 ♦5300 ♦5307 ♦a590 *8591 891 •M a. no *308r) 2590 •4817 *4867 ♦48C8 •4809 •4870 llOMIvLIFE— 1U)N()I{S, •8592 id.*2593 •2594 •2595 •2596 . *2597 ars.2073 -'42 4869 562 1063 2876 . 8973 609 3057 18i9 rell.3919 iser.182 Ruined by war-Nlcetad's h. 8211 vs. the Htate .loHfpliliio'g Sec K.\ME. Belated-J. Q Adams. ♦2010 by Competition -Win. Parry. ♦2017 Costly-Sir W. Scott. ♦'2018 by Discovcry-N. W. passage. ♦2(M:) Distant f.-Llncoln In Italy. ♦'2().-iO Impostor's-TllusOates. ^2051 by Infamy-Assassin of Nap. *20.52 Locality for f.-Napolcon In E. •20.-,3 Perverted-Memory of C. ♦20.M Posthumous-Columbus. ♦2055 Regarded-" What will h. say?"^20.-,0 Sudden f. of Byron. ♦2057 ' -Bemer's St. Hoax. •20.58 Trials of f.-W. Scott. ♦8059 862 HOPE— HUMANITY. Undeslrcd-Einp. Miixlrnus. ♦80 li. -Dr. Coke. Pious h. -Jupiter crowned. " " Cromwell's prayer. Surprising h. of Pliilopu'inen. Voiv of h.-Constanllne. See MKKKNKSS. Cl-,rlstian m. -Godfrey de B. Christian m. In reproof. Ilusbund's in. Rumford. Martyr's ni -Taylor at stake. Philosophic m.-I'iato. Power of Christian m. In l{eproof-l)r. Taylor. Victory by m.-Uyc urgus. See MMDKSTY. Conspicuous-Ben j. Franklin, of (ieiilus-Isaac Newton. Hero's m.-(iarihiil(ll. Unopposed-John Howard. 4440 4372 3015 1114 .'iSiO ;ih81 4447 2615 1073 6368 3090 1328 14;!4 258 1011 ♦3556 2787 8462 679 1314 2350 4779 3264 ♦3647 ♦3648 ♦3649 ♦3050 Blushing young man bated. 6178 of Genlus-Socratcs. 3563 Heroic m. of Charles XII. 1970 Importance of m.-Cato and M. 107 Noble m. of Isaac? Newton. See KESEKVE. Social r.-S. Johnson. SeeTNWOKTlIINKSS. Oppressed by sense of u.-B. 1631 ♦4806 ♦5753 Sense of sinner's u. 1088 See REI"KNTAN(;E and RE'VTIR- ENCE ill Inc. HumoR. Admlred-Abraham l^incoln. ♦2677 Fondness for h.-A. Lincoln. ^2678 Miscellaneous cniss-refercnces. VS. Earnestness-Miicoln. 1756 Subdued by h. -Amazon. 1933 See HOAX. Successful h. -Thomas Hood's. 2058 Victim of h.-Ollver Goldsmith. 8601 864 HUNOER-IDOLATUY. See HOAXEa. Deserted-Montfort. 1858 Sec INSINCERITY. Suooeas by h.-W. Irving. ♦8586 Disgraced by shameless wife. 6063 Blemish of i.-Cicsar. ♦2886 8ee JOKE. Disgusting to C'ath. II. 3450 of Jesuits-Dissembling. ♦8887 Aooopted-" Worthy to bear." ♦3024 Distressod-Murt'T-Taylor. 2073 in PollMos-Newcastle. Gentle h.-G. Wasliington. 4781 1679 Praotloal j. on OoldHmlth. 2601 Grief of bereaved h.-Jefferiion.24fiii Political i. -James II. 4258 See .JOKES. Ilumlllated-Wm. P. of Orange. 1984 Reaction of 1. -Charles I. 1676 Praotioal J. -Frederick the G. ♦3025 Infamous h. -Byron. Inferiority of Peter of Russia 346.') 3450 it It It It (1 Repels assistance. 1877 2041 Abuse Lif friends by j. •8025 Insulted in his wife. 84H9 See DECEI'TIOX, FRAUD and See LAUGHTER. Power In l.-Palmerston. 1311 Jef lous of Andrew Jackson. 34,VJ IMPO.vroK (11 loc. See LEVITY. Lord of tlie house. 1700 IDF.AL. Charaoterlstlo 1. -French. ♦3109 Moneyless h. preferred. 3407 Cnisn reference. Contrasted-EnK. and French. ♦3200 Negligent h. won-Wm. III. 0007 God of Plato an 1. 2373 1. 788 Nolilo h. -General Jackson. Reproached unjustly. 5999 2876 lOEAI^IST. Cruss-rt'I'erence. Fictitious l.-Mary wife of Wn See MIUTIL Revenged by murder of J. XII. 66 Political i.-John Milton. 4357 iJI-tlmed m. of O. Cromwell. ♦3027 Ruled by affection. 3358 See SMILE. " " wife-nellsarlus. 2080 IDEALISTS. Resented by Timour. ♦5214 ' and child-Themis. 792 CroHS- reference. See WIT. ' -(iarriok. 1683 VS. Practical life- Philosophers. 4167 Dangerous w. -Claudlan. ♦6029 -George n. 8683 See THEORY. Quick w., Woman's-Charlos I.*(!030 " " " -Marlborough. 6058 False t.-Arlstotle. 8015 Shameful h. 5177 vs. Practlce-Phllofophy. 4370 Failure in w.-Goldsmlth. 3570 "-Charles IV. 4490 " " -Seneca. 4657 Ready w.-John Wesley. 4788 Spiritless h.-King of Spain. 6185 See THEORETICAL. Saved by Intercessor's w. 4008 Spurred to ambition by his wife. 803 VS. Practical- Webster vs.Clay.+5C04 Bee AMUSEMENT AND CHEER- Unfaithful h.-Antony. 6136 See IMAGINATION and IMITA.- FULNESS in loc. Unsuspicious h.-Belisarius. 1949 TION in loc. HVNKBR. Unwortliy h.-Napol'n's divorce. 104 IDEAS. Insatiable h. of ^old-seekers. ♦2679 Virtuous h.-Belisarius. 780 Penalty for i.-John Milton. ♦2701 Wife given to shame l)y h. 3242 See INTELLIGENCE in loc Miscellaneous cross-reference! . " 8Ubordlnate-Wm. III. 3893 IDIOT. Cross-reference. Supposed an i.-3. Johnson. Address to h. difficult. Desperation of h. -Cannibals. 2014 706 See FAMILY, MAURIAOE and M'IDOWER in loc. 2309 Perishing from h.-Siege. 1502 HUSBANDRY. See FOOLS in loc. Pressure of h. -Sailors. See STARVATION. Depopulated by a -Italy. 1893 ♦5322 Changes by h.-l<;},'ypt. See AORK'ULTUUE in loo ♦2688 ID I. K NESS. Burden of i. -Spartans. ♦2702 See APPETITE, FAMINE and FAST HUSB.%1VDS. Punished-Beggars-England. ♦2703 in loc. Good h. defendcd-Sabines. *808n to Love-Mary to Wm. P. of O.^2690 " -Athenians. ♦2704 HURRICANE. Miscellaneous cross-reference! . Ominous h. -Death of Orom. ♦2080 See HUSBAND in loo. Amusement necessitated by i 3295 See STOR.M in loc. HYPERCRITICISm. Dangers of i. -Hannibal's sold rs.310 HVSBAND. <,'i()ss- Inference. Habitual i.-Boswell. 2804 Dignity of the h.-William If. ♦2681 of Rhetorical gestures-Johnson. 48 Manly l.-Amerlcan Indians. 2598 Good h.-Cato's view. ♦2688 See CAVIL and CRITIC in loc. Misjudged-French princes. 3634 Governed by wlfe.-George II ♦2083 HYPOCHONDRIA. Opposed-Other penple's i. 3120 vs. Lover-Queen Elizabeth. ♦2084 Crcjss-refiTL'iice. Pride cures l.-IsHac Newton. 4498 Precedence of h.-Wi!liam of O ♦2685 Consti^^utioiial h.-Cowper. ♦8691 Prohlblted-Athens. 4.359 Servitude of h.-Eelisarius. ♦8086 Sec MELANCHOLY in loc. " -Count Rumford. 503 Vicious h. of Mary Queen < i .S.*2687 Punished with death. 3159 HYPOCRISY. Punishment of 1. -Whipped. ' -Ineffectual. 501 502 Miscellaneous cross-references Brazen h.-Pope Adrian VI. ♦2C92 Acceptance-Scandalous. 8188 Diplomatic h. -Napoleon I. ♦2693 Sec INDOLENCE. Adultery of h. forgiven. 3242 Exposed- Religious-Charles II. ♦8694 Fruit of i. -Roman masses. 3856 Affectionate h. -Napoleon. 3340 in Friendship-Rival dukes. ♦8695 Philosopher's l.-Dr. Johnson. 2799 " " punished. 107 Invited-Puritan Parliament. ♦2696 See LEISURE. "-G. Washington . 6001 Religious h. -Rival dukes. ♦2697 Art requires 1. 2584 Agonized-Mr. Dustln and Inds. 117 " " -Roman philos. ♦2698 Importance of 1. to J. Bunyan . 8\ Anger appeased-Klsses. 3084 See TRAMPS. Avenged-Seducer. 5073 Miscellaneous cross-references. Philosophic t.-Cynlcs. ♦5677 Avenging death of wife. 4861 Political h.-Augustus. 4256 See VAGRANT in loc. Bereavement, Reflections In. 6002 Religious h.-Charles II. 4711. IDOIi. Brutal h.-Henry VIII. " " -Nero. 6004 4965 See CANT. Political c.-Samuel Johnson. ♦708 Helpless 1. destroyed by M. ♦8705 Brutallzed-Fulk the Black. 106 See DECEPTION in loc. IDOLATRY. Converted by wife. 604B HYPOCRITB. of Heroism-Emp. Claudius. ♦2706 Counselled by wIfe-Justlnian. 6057 Accomplished h.-"Dick" T. ♦2699 See DEIFICATION. Credulous-Bellsarlus. 4858 Epitaph of the h. -Alexius. ♦2700 of Caesar-Romans. 2667 IGNORANCE— IMAGINATION. 8G5 10T9 4258 1679 1677 2041 2373 4257 6015 4370 4657 2309 of Heroei- Ancient Greeks. " Self-Alexander In India. Sec IMAQE. Supernatural I. of Christ. Sc« IMAOKS. in CburcbeS'Intt-uduutlon of. Worship of l.-Yoar 848. Sacred l.-Mysterles. Worship of l.-Orlttln of. See HEATHEN in loo- IGNORANCE. of BiKOtry-Country parson. Confessed by 8. Johnson. Folly of l.-West Inalans. General l.-KelKn of Charles XL QeoKraphical i.-Capt. J. Smith, an Impediment-Columbus. iiOss by l.-EKyptians. ▼8. NegliKeiue-S, Johnson. Night of i.-Bngland. OfBcial I. -Duke of Newcastle. Professional i.-Navy. Removed-Europeans. Royal i.-Emperor Justin. Stubborn t. -Inquisitors. Superstition of l.-Anclents. Unappreclatlve of pearls. Zeal of 1. -Crusader's g'gr'phy 3511 2763 ♦2730 ♦2731 ♦2788 1282 6165 ♦2707 ♦8708 ♦8709 .♦2710 .♦2711 ♦8718 ♦2713 ♦2714 ♦2715 ♦2716 ♦2717 ♦8718 ♦2719 ♦2780 ♦2781 ♦2788 ♦8723 .♦8784 Miscellaneous cross-references. Abounding l.-12th century. 1804 Animosity of i.-Engllsb. 840 Barbarian's 1. of value of coin. 278 Barrier to interview. 2960 of Clergy-M Id die Ages. 983 " Common things. 1651 Costly, National i. -Iron. 4415 Dangers of 1. -Bible prohibited. 580 of Enemies preferred. 5828 Evil proceeds from 1. 5387 Expensive i. in architecture. 883 Fears from 1. -Compass. 2849 " '* "-Portuguese sallors.954 of Geography-Crusaders. 3411 " God-Druids. 61G8 Heedless l.-O. Goldsmith lost. 718 of Inexperience. 1653 Information by signs. 5148 Intentional i.-Sailors. 1393 Loss by 1. of use of mag. needle. 273 Mistakes of i. -English sailors. 1067 Oppression requires 1. 3941 Promotion in i.-Navy. 4487 Religious i. confessed. 2382 RIdiculed-P. Cotta. 8165 of Self was Pompey's ruin. 5 Signature of i.-Theodorlo. 5136 Superstition by 1. 6450 Unacknowledged-Aristotle. 6015 Uncommon i. of fire. 2146 United with wisdom- Aristotle. 6016 Victim of 1. -Countrymen. 1231 Worship In honest 1. 8374 " " " " 2378 See ILLITERACY. Compensated-Col. Wm.Wash. ♦2726 SeeSTl'I'lUlTY. Uopelesa s. of Tames II. Improvident s.-Uoid-seekers. Insult of s.-James II. Mistake of s.-Bag vs. Pearls. Official s.-Newcastie. li it tt " "-Traitoi-Arnold. Traveller's s. Crusaders. See KUUOHH, INE.XPEniENC Ml.STAKEH iiml sri'EKSTl- TiOX ill li)c. I ♦53r6 2807 2903 8723 2710 8717 l.')5S 2784 E, ILLKUITIITIACY. Respected-WUliani the Conq. ♦3725 Croaarefcrence. Shameful 1. confessed. 3066 ILL-HEALTH. Mlscelluin'iiits iTdss-rfftTijiices. Loss by I. h.-I'eter Cooper. 1785 Superior to i.-h.-Wm. P. of O. 1897 See DISEASE in loc. ILLITERACY. Compensated-Col. Wm. Wash. ♦3726 See OUTHOOUAl'HY. Bad o. excused-yapoleon I. *3903 See Sl'ELLLNO. Bad 8., George Washington's. ♦,'J302 Diverse s.-ShakeBpeare. ♦5303 Error-Conquered vs. Concord. 1067 See IGNORANCE in loc. ILLVISTRATION. by Analogy-Kev. S. Johnson. ♦8787 Information by 1. -Paintings. ♦8788 Miacellaneous cros.a-rcfirences. by Baldness-Emperor Cams. OfBce of palntiiig-S. Johnson. See ALLEUORIST. Best a.-Bunyan. See ALLEGORY. Animals representing r. sects. Bible misused in a. 417 3977 ♦1G8 831 5118 ILLL'STRATIONS. Use of I. -Abraham Lincoln. ♦8729 imiAGE, Supernatural i. of Christ. ♦8730 imiAGES. In Churches-Introduction. ♦8731 Worship of i., year 843. ♦2732 Miscellaneous cross-references. Sacred l.-Mysterles. 1282 Worship of i. -Origin. 6105 See STATUARY. Destroyed-Ruin of paganism. 331 Mutilated by Romans. 327 Unappreciated-S. Johnson. 334 See IDOL and PORTRAIT in loc. IMAGINATION. Active i., John Bunyan's. ♦3733 Corrected-Washington Irving. *2734 Delusions of I. -Spanish In Am.*27.35 Diseased-Poet Shelley. ♦3736 Misled by 1., Historians. *2737 Overwiought i.-Poet Shelley. ♦2738 lluled by 1. the World-Nap. ♦8739 in StatesmaDship-Napoleon. ^8740 Sufforlng by i. -Blaise Pascal. ^8741 Victim of 1. -Columbus. ♦874* .Miscellnrieijus crojsreferences. a Crimu-Buuklngham's trial. 1389 Cured by I. -Mohammedans. 1378 l:ulud«d by i.-Cru.>^adors. 2095 Distressed by i. -Insanity. 8H60 Exaggt'rution by 1. -Invasion. 1»73 Greatness In 1. -Pompey's ruin. 5 Helpful to Columbus Voice. 1881 Imperilled by i.-Homan army. 2183 Inflamed by austerity. 2090 Intimidated by 1. Mah's angels. 175 MIsunderstood-Uulness-G. 040 Muslc-Imagiiiiition Harp. 3746 Need of 1. In Hue art. 349 I{ule of 1. -Wrongs-War. 617.) Sailor's 1. -Junk's eyes to see. 2018 Superior to fact-Uuphael. 340 Traveller's tales. 35«;i Vivid religious 1. J. Bunyan. 1085 1180 See ALLKGOKIST. Best a.-John Bunyan. ♦168 See AL' Ef ORY. Animals representing r. sects. 831 Bible misused In a. 5118 Sie Ari'AKITION. Belief in a. -Samuel Johnson. ♦3.')6 False a.-" Three knights." ^8.54 Fancied a. of Theseus. *3.55 of the Dead-Hugh Miller. Startling-" Evil genl is." See DREAMS. Ijirected by d. -Constantino. Realized-Cicero's. Regard for d -Am. Indians. Discovery by d. -Relics. Encouraged by d. -Minister. Encouragement by a d. of Heaven-Mahomet's visit. Influential d.-Edmund Rich. Instruction by a d. -Alexander Punished for a d. -Death. Reproof in d. -Friar. Suspicion awakened by a d. See DREAMS. Verified d.-Rich'd Boardman. Visionary d.-Napoleon I. 969 1130 ♦1731 ♦lr'i3 ♦1783 4G71 3810 3705 2,544 3180 . 1514 3881 8.364 2533 ♦1724 ♦1725 Deceptive d. in bereavement-L. 891 Direction by d. -Savages. Horrible d. of Jolin Bunyan. Revelation in d. -Temple Ino. See REVERIE. Discovery by r.-Gravltatlon. Lost in r. -Samuel Johnson. See ROMAiVCE. Origin of the word r. In History-Pocahontas. " " -Pretty feet, of Love-Dropped dead. " " for Johnson. Perils of r.-Cortez a lover. Power in r.-Jane MacCrea. 8261 3733 6213 229S 8310 ♦4928 2574 3683 3348 3349 3353 5108 866 IMHKCILITY— IMIMtOVKMKNT. In RcllKlon-Pocahontas. Hplrlt of r.-Rlchard I. In WBr-"For «od and Iler." He;- TRANCE. Continuous KwodenborK. Sec TRANCES. runl8hed fur t.-Bllz. Uarton. H«« VISION. Fanciful v.-I'hantom city. Horrible v.-Marcu.s Brutus. Spiritual v.-Swedenborg. of War-Hannibal. 4743 34UO 5080 *5a~H ♦5070 ♦5845 ♦5840 ♦5847 ♦6848 Auspicious V.-" Holy Lanoe." 4067 Child's V. of future-Cromwell. ai74 of Con8 Reproved by General Grant. ♦3759 6018 Cross-reference. Blasphemous i. -Titus Gates. IinPOSTORS, Cross-reference. Power of 1. -Barbarians. 2301 I HI POSTURE. Political l.-Voice in the waU. ♦2701 Re warded-Tltus Dates. ♦2760 Miscellaneous cross-reference. Duplicated-Tltus Oates. 2051 See jUPES. Day of d. -France. 1474 Undeceived-Ruined. 2214 See DECEPTION, DISGUISE and FORTUNE-TELLING in loa. IMPRESSIONS. Early l.-Wm. 111. lor Holland. ♦2703 Tragical i.-Son of Chas I.-Ex. ♦2763 Miscellaneous cross references. Early maternal l.uponCowper. 110 Power of early l.-Cromwell. 5G4;i Swayed by i. -Cromwell. 4.383 See FEELINGS and INFLUENCE in toe. IMPRISONMENT. Long i.-John Bunyan. ^2704 Miscellaneous cross-references. Honorable Diocletian's pers'o'n. 84.3 Shameful i. of Innocent children 803 See PRISON in loc. IMPROVEMENT. Opposed-Sewing machines. ♦2765 Repressed, Social l.-Eugland. *2766 *W4 979 rr.i *srr)3 *i}7M ices. 1468 mio 3946 3947 a048 I II. 8913 1831 6018 S261 2051 ♦2764 IMPltOVIDKNCE— li^DIl'FKUENCK, 8t;7 MlsMlluneous croniirtfcrenccB. Agrtoultural i. oppo^ted. " " lu Germany. Porestalled-Conservatlves. Period of arubitectural 1. Prevented by leKUIatlun. Self-lraprovemoiit-Montul. Hce DKVELOI'.MKNT. Social d.-LoiubanlH. 1129 1377 iiau 3110 3111 177U Ceremony of l.-(J<)thl(! kinfCH. IIIMI ParHlmoiilouH I -JaiueH II. 40UH Hvi: INITIATION. Torrlflo i.-MyHterlesof Kleuslx.'asiH *15«5 ofGenlus-Perlods. 8297 Inventions by d.-Hteara-enKlne.573a Perfection by d.-I'anidUo Los»,.4108 Sea SKLFIMrUOVKMKNT. Belated Arkwrltcht 50 years. 177.5 Dlfflciiltleh In 8.-1. -A. Lincoln. 17H7 8nccessfiil-0. Washington. 1788 See I'UOOUE.SS and Hl'UDY in li)C. IinPROVIDKNOIi:. Mi(iCL'llan»'.()us cross- rufcrcnccj*. Charaot(!ri8tlo I.-Goldimltli's. 2406 by Heredlty-O. Goldsmith. 4342 SpendhiK unearned money-Poet. 94 IlTKPItUDISiVCE. Cr()SH-rcl\Tciicc. ChavicterlHtlo I. -Goldsmith. See KASIINKSS in loc. 4455 IinPODEIVOB. Cros.s-rcfcrL'nccs. Fictitious l.-Jeffrey's charge. Friendship's l.-O. Goldsmith. See ARUOQANCE. Answered-Charles V. Childish-Xerxes- Fetters. Insulting a.-Attlla. " " -Coarlos V. Boastful a.-DIsabul the Turk. Clerical a. In politics. It 11 11 11 Lof ry a. of AttUa. National a.-Engllsh. Peril in a.-Braddock's defeat. See IFFKONTERY. Bold e.-Prlnce Albion. In Literature-Bet Flint to S. J. impviiSE. Success by l.-Sylla. 1843 2224 •319 ♦320 *321 ♦322 384 920 4929 320 323 97 2645 37 ♦2767 Mlscellaneoua cross-references. VS. Reasonlnff-Crosar. 1480 "Victim of l.-O. Goldsmith. 2466 " "-David Crockett. 634 See RASHNESS. Apparentr.-Young Alex, rides B. 6 Childish r.-Frederick II. 5732 In Qeneralshlp-Ilood. 3175 " Love for woman. 3476 Perilous r.-Boethlus. 8234 Provoked to r.-Valens. 913 See FEELINOS in loc. INAVGVaATION. Joyful l.-G. Washington's. ^2768 Mystic I. -Turkish Sultan. ^2769 Simplicity of i.-T. JeCferson. ^2770 Miscellaneous cross-references. Ancient i.-Founding a city. 897 Absurd i. of women i)rl8oner«. l.'W.'> iNVAvwrrw Official 1. Iloman Uibulun. ♦-,'771 'Inisii-ri'feroiici'. Trust In enemlus' l.-('u'sar. 2771 Sie IMllKCIl.Il'V. Intemperance produces I. 2916 OBiclal I. Invasion of Canada. 202.") Kldlcule of natural I. irm See I.Ml'liUViUENCE iiiid SlTI'Ih- ITY ill liw. INCENDIAHV. Punished by llaraeH-Komau. *2772 INCEST. by Marriage of relatives. :M5i INCOITIPUTENC'E. ('ro.-s-rt't\'rciice. Official l.-81r 11. Walker. M'M See INCAPACITY in lor. IXCONSISTKNCY. of Cliarauter Molassem-l'lty. ♦2773 CIn-istian i. Slavery and rellg'n.*27r4 Disgraceful I. of Win. Penii. *277.'> by Self-lntercst-S. Johnson. ♦2770 Mlscellunt'dus cmss-refcrencc-s. In Conduct-James II. 1ity4 r,-.j..j " " -Steele. Disgraceful I. -William Penn. Example of I.-Clarendoa. Indifference to I. -James II. of Intoleranci'-I'urltans. Moral I. of James 11. " " -A. Herbert. " "-Christians, by Perversion of conscience. Religious 1. of AbyBsInians. " " -Sacrament. Saving life-Battle vs. Ice. Undlscoverod-Chui chill. See HYPOCRISY an*«■ KOHdKTKl'LNKHS. neslred-Thomlstoclos. ♦2106 rarental f. of son-Howard. .Spe IIKKDIJOSHNK.HS. Lobs by h., Uoldsmlth's. 411 ♦8Mfl AlurmliKT political h. 3780 .s,c l.NSKNSIlilMTY. of Ambition toothers' BufrerlnK.lI).<) Professional l.-Hur(toon. HI!) to Suffering of others-Famine. 2079 Hec NK(1I,K(JT. Atonement for n.-Posth'raous. 3270 p;xplalned-Alexander. 4482 Failure by n.-C'able. 2022 of Friond-Anaxajroras. 4778 " Helpers by Thebans. 405 Life lost by n.-fJlbbon. 3200 Mortlfyliiff to Adam.^ "Postage. "S.") liesponslbllltv for n. -Life. 3100 J«eo NEITTKALITY. Knforeed-Louls XVI. ♦3808 Nominal n.-Alabama. ♦3809 Appreciated by Cajsar. 1032 Danijerousn. -Religious. 112.") Evaded-Expenslve-England. 159,') Firmly malntalned-G'Y'rnm'nt.242y OffensWe n. of U. S. 170 Political n.-Infamouo-Solon. 1230 Sec I'UOCKASTINATION. Fatal p. of Arehlas. ^4477 Sue UKCKLK.SSNESS. of Desperation-Napoleon -Lodl. 648 Example of r.-Xapoleon. 647 of Necessity-William H. 049 See STOICISM. Admlred-Southey. ♦5341 See DELAY in loc INOIOIVATION. Patriotic I. expressed-Torles. ^2795 Miscellaneous cross-references. Affected 1. -Napoleon I. 393 Aroused by deception. I!j87 at Bribery-Isaac Newton. 660 " -S. A. Douglas. 673 Expressed by absence and negl'ct.2 of Gods expected-Pagans-Nile. 694 Furious-Disguised man. 1652 Ill-timed i.-Investigation. 2995 Irrepressible-Geo. Washington. 56 Popular i. at Brutality. 3018 " " " assassinators of C. 46 " " " Clarendon. 3898 " "" murder of Beoket. 8505 Stamp act. 3525 of Pride-Samuel Johnson's. 4349 Public i. at absentee, George II. 9 " " -Bribery of Demos. 672 Smotherp') >Shamo. 3712 at Threatenlug of Gatei. 2706 Uuuttured l.-NR|ioleiin I. 5(iua S.» KKSE.M.\IENr. Cruel- Alexander. •4:i»8 Infamous-Benedict Arnold. ♦471111 PaHsioniite- Maxlrnln. ♦4M()0 of Patrloti-Lord Chatham. MHOl Put)lle-Am. Colonists. ♦4H02 Havage-Theodori! Lascarli. •4WW WIthheld-Uohbery. ♦4H(V1 of Wrongs-Irishmen. ♦4805 Dishonorable-Treason. 4109 Expressed forcibly. 2891 Inlidels treated with r. 28111 Opportunity for r.-Clovls I. 4(m Patriotism sacrificed to r. 300 Premature-Bp. Burnet. 8;Wi3 Valn-Br(!aking the arrow. 31(1 See ANOEK luid CONTEMI'T III toe. INDKiilNITV. Deserved 1. by Juba in court. ^2796 Miscellaneous cross-references. Base I. to dust of Ad. Blake. 1B.57 Humiliating ,. -Captive Bajazet 2001 tlie Reward )f pn-sumptlon. 44-14 Pee DISHoMHi. Insensible to d. -Princes of Hp.^I650 Postliuraons d.-A(l. Blake. *10,')7 Recompensed-Clcero's return. ♦1058 Disguised In politics. 602 Posthumous d.-Cr'mwell's body. (185 Reward of d.-Bp. Hall abandoned. 2 Vices bring d.-Emp. Elagabalus. 060 Sec UISOKACE and INSULT ill loc. ■ IVDfSCIIETIOIV. Destructive I. -Passion of V. ^2707 Pre-eminent I. of Bp. Burnet. ♦2798 Cross-reference. of Dninkards l.-Uobert Burns. 1009 See FOLLY in loc. INDOIiENCE. Constitutional I. of Johnson. »2799 Miscellaneous cross-references. Fostered by charity of Coiistan. 5.33 -Roman. 0.57 Habitual i. of Samuel Johnson. 682 See IDLENESS in loc. Cross-reference. to Sin by penance. 2800 INDITLGENCES. Cargo of i.-Papal. ^2801 Papal i. by Tetzel. ♦2802 Sale of l.-Church- building. ♦2803 Miscellaneous cross-references. of Appetite-Degraded by 368 " " -Shameless. 260 " -Voraclou8-Johna'n.2183 Authority for papal I. 827 Sale of 1., Tetzel's. 6164 4309 Hplrltuull.. Origin of. 711 to Sin -Pope Leo. 5150 Hun INCONTINENCK. Palliated offence of Mahomet. 63 See LICENSE. Legislative 1. for murder. 8378 See SELF INDULOENCE. Ruinous s.-i.-Foz. 6806 Hoe LICENTIOUSNESS, LUXURY ana PAIITIALITY in luc. INUDSTHY. Education in I. -8. Johnson. Exi)oNltlon of 1., TImour's. Happiness by l.-Eng. people. Misapplied i.-Jamestown Col. Proof of i, -Calloused hands. Report of 1. Sacrificed to prlde-Charles I. Standard of i.-Iieathern apron. Virtue by 1. -Hannibal's army. ♦2804 ♦8805 »28(0 ♦8807 ♦8808 ♦8809 ♦8810 ♦8811 ♦2812 Miscellaneous cross-references, for Drink-Tartars. 8060 Encouragement of I. -Year 1754. 8433 Incited by money. 3677 Protection of l.-Unequal. 4634 4536 Required by Athenian law. 3704 Success by t.-BenJ. Franklin. 5389 See EMPLOYMENT, MANUFACT- URES and WORK ill loc. INISarALITY. MlscclUineous cross-references. lnConfllct-Maoedouian8-P'r8'n8.466 467 Matrimonial i. of Cato and bride. 189 See DISPARITY. in Battle-Arbela. 406 of Losses in battle-N. Orleans. 3381 See CASTE, DISTINCTION and KAVOHITISM in loc. INEXPEIIIENCE. Mistakes from I. Skirmish. ♦2813 Presumption of i. -Youth. ♦8814 Removed by loss-Army. ♦2815 Miscellaneous cross-references. VS. Climate-Discoverers. 1988 Difficulties from I. -Cannon. 707 Failure by l.-War. 930 Ignorance of l-Chas. I. -Cook. 1053 Timidity of i.-Frederick II. 2024 " "-Bp. M'Kendree. 2023 Victim of l.-Countryman. 1231 INFAMY. Posthumous I. -Emperor C. ♦2816 Stain of 1., Massacre-Gen. P. ♦8817 Miscellaneous cross-references. by Assassination-Booth. 873 Conspicuous for l.-Commodus. 6743 Deserved I.- Titus Gates. 4566 Exposed-Spartan bachelors. 446 Immortal I. of Jeffreys. S862 for Money-Charles II. 4088 Overlooked-Pompadour. 8712 Remembrance of l.-"Boilman."1364 Renown of l.-Erostratus. 4763 Reward of l.-Assassln. See DISGRACE in loc. 7U sise ♦2804 ♦2K05 ♦anao )1. 'aHO? ♦8808 ♦8809 ♦2810 )n>2811 y. ♦asia :es. 20fiO 7M. 8423 8677 4684 4535 8704 »l. 6389 FACT- ♦8814 ♦8816 nces. 1088 707 930 ok 1653 2024 ee. 2023 1231 ♦8816 P. ♦2817 ncci . 873 lua .5743 4565 3. 446 2862 468S 8712 an "1364 4768 2062 IN PANT. Mlacollaiivimn er.mAri'ri'rriu-i'ii. Kin.1 of KnRhiiul uiiil Kr. U. vr.IIOHO " " 8ootlai»l-Jiimc8. 3079 INFANTIOIDB. .- Atlantic cable. 281(1 SfC UNMIEI.IEK in he. 2831 2668 2370 4737 ♦5083 411.1 307H INFIIIItIiTIE§. MIrtcell.iiit'ourt eroMs retVri'iices. of Arc delayed till 86-\Vcsley. i;W Kx\)Oscd-" Adcck'aliiK dlaUli." 1884 See DEFECTS uuil SICK.NESS III I'IC. INFLUENCE. Personal I. of Clias. Edward. " "-NapolBf)n. " "-Napoleon's aides. "-William Pitt. " "-Washington. " "-Ca'sar. ♦38;i;i ♦383.-1 Mincellani'ous crorts-rcf'Ti-iicos. of Assoolate.s-Peter the Great. 3H0 Association, Changed by tJre'ks.lHti.5 of Assoelutlon in prison. Bad 1. (if women on James II. .wot 03'.'3 mrA 44H7 790 33.SH 33h:j 337;i 483;l 45;i:j 4984 " " " " -Mistr<388e8. Child's l.-Henry VI. -5 yrs. old Controlling 1. of associates. Destructive i. of a." A.W." " " "gamblers. Far extended, Evil I Imperilled by evil associate. Indirect l.-Plzarro'.s ptjf. Ineffective I. of good examples. 901 Mysterious personal l.-Viclou.s. 2K43 " 1. of Cromwell In P. 2(13 Perpetuated In works. Personal i.-Rule of Indians. " "-Stranse-Nap. I. " "-Napoleon-1000 " "-LyourRus a god. " "-Napoleon. Posthumous I -Personal-Nap. " "-Stench-Alex. " "-Cicaar's. " "-Illustration. Silent i. of banner "Mexicans. Strange l.-.Ioan of Arc. Undeserved l.-Georee Villlers. See ENTREATY, INFATUATION and IXSIM RATION in loc. INFORin^TlON. Importance of i. -Black llawk.*2843 Pleasing l.-A. Lincoln. *2844 3.-i0 415 1().'>(1 IWIO 2.347 ■xmr 43(18 8339 3773 4071 4088 l.ViU 491 MlsccUuncous croa.-f-refercnccs. of Crime-Bravely given. 1843 Dangerous i. of conspiracy. 3741 by HIgnal tlr«i.-Knir. coast. Htartling I. Powder-mine. Suppressed by murder. Unimportant vs. Important. flee NEWS. Fiital n.-I)r. Mott Lincoln d. Writerof n. devices of yr. 170U.^38ll 8«;u 40NU 1.192 8871 3814 ♦.■WIO Good n.-Ilasto Gold. 1974 Manlpulated-Siirtorlus. 1179 Shocking n. -Fatal I'nnxpectod. 1603 Sto NEWSl'AI'EKS, Colonial Am. n., year n to. ♦.3H18 Deprecated by Addison. •.1813 I'rlniUlve n. -English. ♦.1HI4 Thought directed by n. ♦3815 Attacks of n. Ignoreil-Llnooln. 130H Fal>ulous accounts In n. 1973 Want of II. -Preserve liberty. 33.17 See INTKM.IIJENCE, .SCIIOUL iiiiilSTUDV ill luc. INFOU.UEK. MIsci'lLiMciiiis iTiHs ri'frrences. Dastardly I. .Imncs Iturton. 38150 Massacre prevenl.'il by I. 1006 INKOKiTIEItS. Ilejectedby Vespasian. Mljici'llancoii.s cro^s-refcrenctM. Illackmail paid tol. Criminals for i. .Ifflfreys' court. l)etested-.\m. Itovolutlon. Heartless l.-JefTreys' court. Infamous I. -Titus Gates. Tools of tyranny. .See DETECTIVE 171 loc. ♦3845 3008 919 33.'i7 3.H.-K) (i(«.1 1953 INOENUITV. vs. Dimcultles- August us. ♦3816 Practical-Benjamin Franklin. *3817 of Savages-ilatclicts. < -.'818 Success by 1. -Columbus. ♦8849 MlHccllHncons cross-references. Boyish I. -I. Ne ,vton. in Boyhood Eli Whitney. Female i. -Silk-weaving. Genius shown by 1. -Newton. Knowledge increased by 1. In Printing mezzotints. Pnigress by i. -Telescope. Itesources of l.-John Kltch. Rewarded by power- loom. Saved by 1. of Intercessor. Stimulated-New sauce. Unrewarded-Spinning. Woman's 1. -Dr. Cole. See EXPERT. by Practice-Jeffreys. 648 2410 6070 2303 3088 1898 1(138 1876 2971 4063 2185 2908 5;«3 ♦1994 389 Physical e.-IIenry 11. Sec EXPERTS. Unappreolated-Fr. (lerlck II. 3041 See INVENTlnX. by Accident -Spiunlng-jenny. *-i%S " " -Chauncey Jerome. ♦3909 Aid of 1.-Ca3sar's sickles. ♦39/0 Appreclated-Power-loom. ♦2971 870 INOUATK— IN.Il UIKS. lili lloiiuflt of I. Kitrthfnwart). *W78 CrUlHofl. KIIhn lliiwo. *'i9rn Dli(!(>uru(c«iimnt. In I. J. Watt. ''JUT.'i Failure of I. (loo. Wa»liln(fton.*'.flnti (ionluR for l.-A. lilnuoln. ♦!i((77 (;hliio*e. *'i\)7H Jaino» Watt. 'aflru Oroat I. Splnnlnn-inacililne. ♦;.1)H() (Irowth of I. -Many mlndH. *-MHi I>reHervatlon by l.-(lre«k Are. *-i\)H-i Saved by I. -the Stato. •yiin.i Useful l.-Cbaunooy Joroine. •81IHI " "IMt-lron. *inm In Youth Crompton'R "mule."*v.l)HO Mln'clloricoiiit cniKH roforciict'Pi ArohltiHttural I. -Limited. UenluB for l.-drookH. Mlgorodltod Telc80(,po« by H. Neglootod-Maff. needle 100 yr§ Frotootlon by 1. -Archimedes. Victory by 1. of cannon. Want spurs I. -Weapons-Tools, SCO INVKNTOK. by Aooldont-8. F. U. Morse. Trials of l.-.John Fltoh. Wronned-Ell Whitney. " -John Kay. Boy I. -I. Newton. Disappointment of 1. DisoouraKement of i. UiKenlouB l.-Kll Whitney. Strugfcle of l.-Ooodyear's. " " "-Howe's. Study of I. -John Fitch. Vexations of 8. ('. "mule." See INVENTORS. Kemunerated slowly. Si'c TACT. Lack of t. -John Adams. Natural t. -Henry Sidney. H.OilT . 'jr.n , 8;i7 *aoHi) *a.i07 ♦8001 •8993 (MS 6388 88 4.143 4344 871 6.35 ♦8993 ♦."iSOl Rewarded-Careless slave. Superstition overcome by t. Sec SKILL. MIsapplled-Perpetual motion. Proof of s.-Rothsohlld. 33 31 3;i ♦5108 ♦5109 Marksman's s.-Commodus. 34.')0 " "-Crockett. 4333 »fe ABILITIKS and ARTS in loc. INGRATE. Cowardly l.-Janics Uurton. INGRATITUDE. Basel, of Louis XIII. " "-Brutus. Filial i.-Sons of Henry II. Offlolal I. -James II. Political l.Oreclandemocraoy, " "-Athenians. Shameful 1. -Francis Bacon. ♦3850 ♦2861 ♦8858 ♦3853 ♦3a54 ♦8855 ♦8850 ♦8857 Miscellaneous cross-references. to Animals reproved. 5866 Apology f or i . , Weak . 3857 Disgraceful I. to Columbus. 1648 PlUal I., Nero's. 1110 " "-Sons of Henry II. 1634 " " " " " " 4005 Infamous I. National I. -Athenians. Punishment for I., Huvnrest. Ueprovcil by .Mahointit. 8ervl('i>K rewarded by I. Shameful I. AssaHNlns of C. " of ll.mry VIII. Shame of I. chin li'>< I. INHERITANCK. of Household K<>«dM lOiixland. ♦8HN.'> 8713 4Hro. •a878 MlHCcUaiiumiH cruHHrefureiicei, Abhorreiiue of I. -I'rolouKud. 13Ua ('ostly l.-UiiK. bankruptcy. 451 Bxaspuratlon of l.-1'arunt. .3073 Pergeoutorn of ChrUitans. laoi liuvoiiKed by iiaturo-Jall fever.4HU0 Kevenue from 1. 4H<16 Revolution by i.- England. 4H7& SubmlsHlon to i.-Uonmna. 1310 to Wonion-Proporty. 0137 8eu UKIMK, KAVOKITISM and PEKSELTTIDN inloc. INNOCUNOG. False i.-Bet Flint. •2874 MinctillunuKU.i crossrcfcrencos. Assumed by Ulcliard I. 134.^ " falseIy-Domosthenes.l4T7 Eloquently pleaded by Str'fl'rd. 11134 Intercession of 1. rejooted. 1.337 Mediation of l.-Pardon. 301)8 Nakedneasof anjrels Sw'd'b'rt;. 958 Profession of I., False-Tlmour. 4rAS Unprotected by 1. -Martyr. 4141 " " "-Jeefreys* ct. 803 Vindicated by deathbed conf. 1081 See PURITY. Sentimental p.-Edward III. ♦4586 Bravery of p.-Joan of Arc. Religion of p. -Persian. 1737 ■ 70 INNOCENT. Mincellaiieoiis crosu-references. Intercession of the I. 5361 Punishment of t. children. 4571 " the 1. 4ruO INNOVATION. Resented-Subjects of Peter. ♦2873 Miscellaneous cross-references. Opposed-Hifthways. 4414 " to i.-S. Johnson. 2511 See PROGRESS in loc. INNS. Attractive l.-Old EnfflLsh. ♦2876 See HOTEL-KEEPER. Indulgenoe.s sold by h.-k. 2803 INflVISITION. Abominable in Spain. ♦aST? Komish I. In Krauuu. •8878 MlMallaiienutcroH-rurorencaK. iKUoruiiuu dlrooliiiK I. 2731 Truth outruKiid by I. B737 ■ NMANITV. Ciipubllity vvHIi I (litoi'Ki) III. *a8~U H'earud by Haiiiuul Jobii.son. *aH8i) .Moral I. uf i.'umbyHeH. •38M1 PuriU from I. Wiilliir Hiiott. ♦3883 Kulltfloiis I. W'm. t'owiier. •3«H.'l Uoyal I. of (ioorKt) 111. *'MHi Emotional l.-vEiop the actor. " "-Lujiilala, Employment relieves I. by Kri«lil-KalHH Khoat. (iiinlUH ttiiKiHi with I. of (Jmilus-JoliM l<"ll.uh. Ilopeluis I. -J. Howard's son. by lii-hoalth nnd lioredvcmont of Monomania-John llrown. .Vatiire'H euro for i.-Alr, etc. Kulixious i.-MuKgloton. Seif-destruotivo l.-W. Cowper by Vanity- F'erKUson. " Witohcraft-Snpposod. Meo MAD.NKSS. ECfectlve m. of Jnmus Otis. Courafce of m.-('liarle» XII. .See MANIA. Popular m. -Crusades. 4032 31H)H 'Hm 3;i,vi stm 3:107 133 . 3(iUl 3tW8 30111 30H3 , 5437 5774 3518 ♦3377 1339 •3411 for Critlclsm-Thaokeray. 1310 Popular m.-Crusndos. 1375 for Speuulatlon-Eng., a. d. 1730. ,5380 " " -France. " " -Kiiicland. " " -Kmnce. " Suiolde-Wm. Cowper. Sic INKATrATION i„ ;«« INNEN!4IKII..ITV. to Sufferliijf-Executioii. 5381 .5383 5383 &437 ♦3885 .Mlflcellaneous crnaa-referenco . ProfoBHlonal 1. -Surgery. 103 to Suffering of others. 3071) See INDIFFERENCE. Cruel i. of Cas-ar. ♦3793 Religious i. of Cliarles II. ♦3794 Affected 1. to misfoi-tuiie-Scott. 93 to .\ppiau.se of the masges-Nap.3T3 " Human life-War. 1070 " Suffering of others-Surgeon. 193 Sec ()BI)URA(;Y. Criminal o.-Eari of Ferrers. 2.W9 Immovable o. of James II. 3.530 See BRUTALITY, (JRUKLTY aril INGRATITUDE in loc. INSINCERITY. Blemish of i.-Ciesar. of Jesuits-Dissembling. Ml.scellaneoui crosa-references. Forced conversions, in Politics-Newcastle. Political 1. -James II. Reaction of l.-Charles I. It (I H II II Repels assistance. ♦3886 ♦3887 1185 1679 4258 1676 1677 2041 »M AFKEl'TATIUN. RIdloulud by Thaukuray. .SiMi CANT. Political o. -Sitmuel Johnson. Sio DIHIIilNESTY. Uonural d.-U«lgn of James II. .Sec IIYI'OCIII.SY. Ilriizeii h. I'opo Adrian VI. Dlplomutle h .Napoleon I. lOxiiosed Kellgloiis (^harUiM II. in FrlendMhlp Kival duken. Invited Puritan I'arllainent. UelltiiouH h. Ulval dukes. "-Uoman Philos. Political h.-.\uguatus. Itullglous h. Cliarl(-M II. Sec IIYI'ddKITE. Acoompllshed h. "l)li;k" T. Kpltaph of tliii h Alexius. See DECKl'TIO.N tn loo. isoa •708 ♦1068 ♦3092 ♦afi93 ♦301M ♦3095 ♦aniMi ♦3097 ♦2008 48U 4711 •3600 •3700 INSOi.,EIN<'E. Consummatu 1. .Icffreys. ♦aSHH Hceliislaslleal l.-Oregory VII. •asSO oniclal 1. of James 11. •2890 IteHented I. of Darius. •2801 Ml.-icclhiiuMum oruHH-rcrcrencea. Aggravating I. A. LInuoln. Ill Defeat Koiaan Kiiiperor. Papal I. to Henry VI. I'atrlot.lo I. Am. Revolution. Uiiresented by Philip. " " Anytus. -Patriots. Victim of I. -Columbus. War occasioned by I. Sec EFFRONTERY. Bold e.-Prlnce Alblnn. 2645 In Llterature-Uet Flint to S. J. 37 See CONTE.MI'T and RIDICULE l;t loc, INSOE.VENCY. Governmental l.-Charles II. •2898 634 2197 3063 4953 6397 4804 4813 1648 1624 Crijss-refcrence. Refuge In I. -London. Sec DEBT in loc. laoo INSPIHATION. Claim of l.-AlHilc. ♦2893 Professed I. -Joan of Arc. ♦2894 Proof of i.-Joan of Arc. *2»i6 Miscellaneous cross-references. In Art-Romans. 888 " " -Italians. 886 Belief in i., Personal-Mahomet. 1401 " personal I.-Joan of A. 1906 Claimed for the Zendavesta. for Confllot-"God is with us I' Divine impulse-Excuse. I''aiso i.-Delphio priestess. In Ilatred-Wm. P. of Orange. Language produced by 1. in Love-Robert Bums. " Muslc-Wesley-Mobs. Poetic I. Intermittent-Mllton. of Religious faith-Battle. See ENTHUSIASM and FUTURE in loc. 625 464 2422 8947 2054 3134 4219 698 1014 2088 872 INRTUIKiriON. MlM«llan«oiiii criinn rufuriiMcai. DftHKuroUH I. of euumy. KW hj Dnfuat I'nter the (irnkt. \4W " Kzumplu HloKU ut Uoriio. ItNll " " Divinity of the Son M'i'i " Falluru Mliiiinliiw. i«Wl Ntted »t I. I'utrnroli. O.M Nuuded with uuthorlty Howard. 11 1 Popular I. by aruhltooturu. 'JHT UallKtouHl. noKltiiitHd KoKlaiui. NWI Mei- ADMONITION. DliroKardud (ten. Ilraddook. Htii) AIIVKK. Dliidalnod liraddoc^k'H dofoat. Iirnorod, ('lHriMidi)M'H, by J. II. Ill'tlmod a. to A. Miicoln. I.enaoy of a. by AiiKiiHtiiH to R.'KH) Hcc COHNSKI,. Of the Dylnn l,(>»ln XIV. *I8I1» Inopportune ('., Deputlos'. ♦Itf^'O Hafoty In (!. BattU'. 'la-Jl ♦07 •l»!l INSTIli:(TION-INTELI,K(T. lUlluulnatlon rurputual mot'n.AinH Irnportunitii of ni. Cotton kIu. ^"Uhn Intriuutn-MmdiaMloal blnU, Lahor-RavlMK in.-Clouka. Uulliivoit lubor-('hanK««' " -Cotton Kin. " Mln«r«. i:v«ti;LT. raoro than In.jiiry Arabs, to Jualoimy V't'ii'ifUxn. I.iutt I., a Kfiltcht'M. I'olltloal I to Wlllla'n Pitt. Uuli>ented 1. of Darius, ♦2888 ♦2889 ♦8890 ♦8891 iiCKravatinK i.-A. Lincoln, 5.14 !'i Defoat-Koman Emperor. 8197 I ,ipal 1. to lli^nry VI. 2003 J'atrlotic 1,-Am. Hevolution. 40.5."} Unresented by Philip. 68»r " -Anytus. 4804 -Patriots. 4813 Victim of i.-Columbus. 1048 War occasioned by 1. 1084 See CONTEMPT and RIDICULE in loo. INSVRRECTION. Cros.s-refereiice, Suppressed-Am. Revolution, 1136 See MUTINY, Courage against m.-Cffisar, ♦3750 Cruel m, -Henry Hudson, ♦3757 by Disappointment-Columbus. ♦37.'>8 Reform by m. -British navy. ♦37.59 of SallorB-Britlsh navy. ♦3760 UnparallelMl m. Hoottltb s'ld'n. aoft 8i-p HKIII'M.I.ION In he. INTKfiHITV. MlNi;flliiru>:a ISR'l 111!)-,' lOU!) ♦.l.'SOl 3a 31 3;) 3083 •5000 *M)~ •.")008 *.'>(i09 Carefulness In t.-S. Johnson. 7()8 Co-operative t., Inventor's. 2UH7 Development of t.-Oravltatlon.'A!!).5 Develops t.-Invontlon. Growth of t.-lnvoutlon. Seed -thought of telegraphy. Walking quickens t.-Nap. I. See WISDOM. False w. of Aristotle, with Ignorance-Aristotle. Occasional w.-S. Johnson. Practical W.-Soorates. Rldiouled-Savans. Source of w. -Polly. by Adverslty-Frod. the Great. " " -Romans. " " -Dlonyslus. Best w.-Knowlng self. 29-5 2981 2989 15~5 ♦0015 ♦6016 ♦0017 ♦6018 ♦0019 ♦0020 84 86 4889 3089 Kitlly prffi'rred tow. iMogenioi liliM by UuiiiUtty MtutuNmvu. 1K)7I1 Teited by quultlon*. ittOH M.'«i'IVII,I/ATH»N, KlirCATItl.N, INKilllMATION, INTKI,I,Ki;T, I.H'KKATI'KK, TAI.ICNt', unil WIT III 1(11'. intk.tii*kiianc;k. Ancient I. " Normuu Kiiut." ♦Wll " " AUixiindur ihe (t. *U9U Artofl. Finn ryriin' uhlllty. ♦iftll.i might ofl. Kilgur Allan I'ou. *'MH lIurduiiH of I. II. i'raiiklln. *-imt> Cliiiriiiitnr dtmtroyitd by I. ♦UVIII I'hurohly I. •'WhllHiin-aluii." *-Ml7 Common I. Kngland, 1593. •'J91H In t'ouri Triul of SiralTord. ♦ii9l9 Crime by I Knxlanil, 1700. *',ni-.>0 Crlnunofl. Working ol. ♦•JU'JI CUHtoni of 1 Kiigliind, 17«. *-JWi " *Wi:\ DnliaMrd by I. KnglUh voulely. ♦■.li-JI I)lHea.>to by I. OiilerlUH. •2«'i'i In Kating .Sollman the Cal. *-Am " " H. JohnHon's, ♦•.".••.>;■ Kxample of I. Warning to y. •iliv'H Katiil I. l,onlH X. "JlMl " ' -Atlmliirlc tliodoth. ♦•.".•.lo " " .Mdxiindur the (irttat. •Wll FemalcH Kng. nob., looo ♦•Ji),!-.' Ko15 1510 1009 2900 ■1029 .1181 5091 27 91 429 2905 207 VIreii ciiine Willi I. Pii«. A|U6 VIetlinofI Alexauder. tM4t> VUttloi* of I. Churlni VI. MID War ueuailont'd by I. wji Woman nufferN by iiiair* I. UUll Youthful victim of I Athaltrlo.tOlH S... AM-^IINK.MK. Certainty by a s Johimon. ♦t4 I'rudentlnl a by experience. •H Twofold a. Wluo by eonfeMor. ^17 NeeesHary a, " One uluns." !fl»r>ft Self eomiu.Hl by a. Muhumet. (M«7 S.'f AI'I'KTITK. FiiHtldlouH a of Antony. ♦aoft Indulgence of II. SliuineleHM. *2,'ht. Shortens life ".Arteiuus Ward .><.■,• DHINKI.NiJ. Ancient English d. Art Ind. Siimni'l .lohnson. EITects of d. -Samuel Johnson ti II i» ti It Sii' DKI'NKAIU). Converted d. -Irishman. Habitual and constant d. Happiness of d., Present, t'ncoiisclous appeal of d. S.c DUU.NKKNNK.SS. Melancholy by d.-Alex.'s fury. Punished Drunkard's cloak am ;iH.'i2 2lH.'J •»90 MOK'I MOM! 925 941 .M4« 10H.1 ";«H3 •1710 ♦1711 ♦1712 ♦1713 11M3 1741 208! 1741 1744 ♦174* •1971 •1972 Kolly of d.-i/ungerous Alboln. .1971 Judicious clerical d. 370S Paradise of d.~Aiio'nt Germans. hi)H8 Punlshed-Dcath OflliMal. 3790 ;tlon in w.~8amuel JohnBon.M rioasure In w.. not happinu8a-J. U Soi' TEMPKUAM'K in (of. INTKNTION. Cross rof'Tt'iK't'. Kvldeuce of (cood I. Ouilt by i. Uetmyiil. Set' MoriVK in loc. 4r)ir) 3381 IIVTEKt'Is:»iS10N. Miscelluiu'Dii.H ciiijtrt-ri't't'ri'iio*'S. of Innouents-Tlmoiir rejects. 1337 Life saved by 1. Di'serten-. MO Woman's i.-i^uoeu I'liilippa. -UW INTERCE^iSOR. Crotw-rftVrt'iu't'. Saved by wit of i. See MKDIATION. Kejeoted-James 11. •16f>.! *3547 of Iunooenuo-Dau(jhter. 3098 Uejeotedm. of Alex.-Kujjr. and F.liTl) Sec MEDIATOR. TemporlzlnK m.-Wm. Penn. *3548 lufaithfulm. -James II. ♦3549 Slain-Montezuma. Suucessful m.-T. Tranmer. lufaithful m. -James II. 'J491 lOlH aUvJO INTEKCOITRSE. Unity by l.-North and Sonth. *^M)n7 Mi.-^oeUanoous cross- reference. Union by i.-Fnited States. 58«8 See COWEKSATIONaiKl PEL- LOW.SIUI' in loc. INTEREST. Prohibited-llenry VIII. ♦2958 Sec USURY. Inevitable-Home. ♦5757 Law of u.-Komans. ♦5758 " " '-LucuUas. ♦STSQ Laws against u. in England. ♦,57r>0 INTERFERENCE. Croasrcfcrciiccs. of Novloe-Bp. Burnet. 3546 Political 1. res"nted-"Mon. doct."209 Sec MEDDLINU. Destructive flood by m. *3545 Reproved-Blshop Burnet. ♦3546 In Families-England. 4458 Mischief by m. 5300 Well meant m.-IIurtful. 8041 See INTERCESSOR in loc. INTERPRETATION. Unrestricted i. o.' mythology. ♦2959 Cross-reference. three Senses in the Bible-S. 583 Eee EXPLANATION in loc. INTERVIEW. Formal I. -Grant and McMahon^2960 .MlacelUiieuiM eron.s-relVreme-. .Mmslvi) i. with Llnciilu. Em'>arrii!<»iiig-Adnni«-(it'(>. ML See CO.NVKKSA Tlo.N I'l 'I'l'. KU I 274 INTimiDATION. Sui'CL'ssful 1. of Indians by S. .MLscelluneous crDSS-relereiices. .Xitemptod 1. of clergy Jus. 11. Cry fori." Ufbcl yell." KloL'tlon by 1. nf Charles XII. by Kxample of Cu'sar Aug. «if Uovornnu'iit by ( roniwi'll. by Imaginary angrls. Message of I. Attlla to Uoraans by Punishment Kobels. Keaclion of I. Jiimes 11. Uomenibranco of i, -Turks, of Kulor-Tory Oov. of N. Y. Siicooss by l.-Capt. Wadsworth " "" -OeniTal Jackson, by Violenco-Bisniarck. See PEAK iit /.xv ♦2901 877 7S9 141 38!U 4 id 175 , 321 ■ICkiO 315 3770 4077 .•K).')t'> 3773 3359 INTOIiERANCE. CrciHS-rerereiici-s. Consciontious 1. England. 1090 Unexpected 1. of Pilgrim.". 5U1 See lUGOTUY iu Uh\ INTOXICATION. Uesponslbillty for crini.s M. ♦2965 See INTEMl'XUANCK in loc. INTRIfSIIE. (ienius for l.-Beaumarchais. ♦2900 INTHI«iIJER. Successful 1. -Sunderland. ♦2907 See PLOT in Inc. INTRODUCTION. Crossreferenec. Uidlculous-S. Johnson. INVASION. Cross references. Terrified by 1. -Montezuma. Threatened-Spanish Armada. INVENTION. by Accident-Splunlng-jenny. " " -Chauncey Jerome, Aid of I.-Cajsar's sickles. Appreolated-Pc wer-loom. Benefit of i.-Eartheuware. Crisis of 1. -Ellas Howe. Discouragement in l.-J. Watt Failure of i.-O. Washington. Genius for I. -A. Lincoln. " " -Chinese. " " " -James Watt. Great 1. -Spinning-machine. Growth of i.-Many minds. Preservation by i -Greek fire. Saved by i.-tho State. Useful 1. -Chauncey Jerome. " "-Pit-iron, in Youth-Crompton's "mule." 012 1085 2028 ♦2908 ♦2909 ♦2970 ♦2971 ♦2973 ♦2974 ♦2975 ♦2976 ♦2977 ♦2978 ♦2979 ♦2980 ♦2981 ♦2982 ♦2983 ♦2984 ♦2985 ♦8980 Mlscellanp'-us cross-references. Architectu t: i.-Llmited. 282 Genius fori, 'reeks. 283 Misoredited-'. lescopes by R. B.697 Protectlnn by -Archimedes. 343 I'liiipplledChiiiege- Magnetic n. 273 Victory by 1. of canm.n. 350 Want spui-s 1. -Weapons -Tools. 3.17 INVENTIONS. Co-operative 1. Arkwrlght-W and Polltics-Cottongln. INVENTOR. by .\ccidenl-S. F. H. Morse. Trials of 1. John Filch. Wronged-Ell Whitney. -I'chn Kay. See DISCOVERY uihI INOENUITY I'n lot'. ♦2988 •2989 ♦2990 •2091 ♦2992 INVEMTKiATION. Oppodtid-Flnaniiial England. ♦21>9-1 licsentcd by Cliircndon. *'Ma Siartling 1. Credit Mobllier. ^2990 Mlseellaneouft cross-reference. Personal 1. Koyal Majorlan. 1051 See E.KA.MINATION. Needles8-Eud of web shows. *1959 Fearless of e.-Mptliodist .See EVi.iKNCK .n (oo. INVESTITIENT. Timely i. 'Manhattan Island. .See PURCHASE in loc. IRON. Importance of 1. England. Prlzod-Early (iroeks. 705 ♦2997 ♦2998 •8999 M Isci'Uaneous cross-references. Honored metal-Crown. il »t 14 Invention of pit-iron. Manufacture hii\dcred. " of 1. opposed. " prohibited. Money debased with 1. 1321 1330 2985 8420 4415 3425 .SG.56 IRONY. MIscellanerns cross-reference*. Apostate's hatred shown. S549 Invader's apology to (tesar. 250 See RIDICULE in loc. IRRITATION. Cross-references. Flattery causes I. -P. the Oreat.8155 of Friend -Voltaire-Fred. IL 8155 ISOL.\TION. Safety by 1. -German States. *8000 ITINERANCY. Ministerial l.-Methodlst. •3001 JEALOL'SY. Appeal to j., Voltaire's. *3002 Cruelty of J.-Commodiis. ♦.'J003 Extensive j.-Fatal-200 Virgins. ♦;«)04 National j.-English-French. ♦3005 Miscellaneous cross-references. Anger of j.- Voltaire. 3003 Childish j. -Blaise Pascal. 701 Cruelty of J. -Persian kings. 603 Defeated by J. -James V. of 8cot.306 Discord of brothers by j. 1626 of Popularity-Politician's J. 4806 Prov^/ked, Intentionally-H. TOl .IKSTINCJ— .iriXJMKNT. Revenue of J. -AsHiiult. awoT " " " Dimiloy. a(W7 Soldler'Bj. UulnouH AKhHm. laai of SuocosH-lliirnriMivcs. .lltlH rnaffocted by J. A. MikioIh. (W17 Victim of J. -A. .Tiicksoii. Ill.Vl Si'c HIVAI,. Authority In r«l'.«l<.u H. VIII. l^liM llltternuMH toward r. ('lay. I-IV l)anK»'rous r. to royalty. WHl Ulsllke of r.Cleoro. II.M Hateful r., WIfo'H. IKHW Jealous of r.-O. Goldsmith. 4ir>;l " " S. Johnson. •»lf>0 MortifyliiK HUcooHs of r. docitor.'lKW Threat of r.-Niiro Hrllannlcus. 4:100 S.'U RIVALS. Combat of r. -'rhebiins. ."WH-l l)«featof r.byJofforson-I,over»..'t;).Ml Discord In Kov'l by r. Acre. silir> Vemalu r. ()(^tavla vs Cleopatra.dl.'ltl .loalousof r. Ilrollit'rs. Itl'Jli " '• H. .lohiiHon. ll.'iO " " Kobi'splorro. lIMa Wife vs. (loncubliiti r. t'lKM) Sri' '.^.NVY und SfsriCION in i«\ JICNTINO. J)ati).'er of J. Dumoriillzlnu. ♦;i(K)(i Si'C .loKI') III liir. JKNIHT. AboUshed-Kr., Hp., I'orl.and S.*!l()or Achievements of .1. l)lstln({'d.*:ti)OS Assassination by ,J. llfiiry IV.*;«Hm " " -\Vm. of ().**)1() Kstrantred from J.-l'ope. *;ii)l1 Mission of J. -Cosmopolitan. *:*Mi! PlotthiK of ■I.-diinpowdcr pl()t.*M(ll.i Popularity of . I IHth century. *;)01.» Power of J.- IHth <:entury. *:mu Purpose of J. -IHth century. *;H)I(; Kesoued by J. I'apacy. *.'!0I7 Self-saerlflcoof J.-Bct;'vol'nco.*301H vs. the State Knitland. *S01» Sui)press«d by ({ovcrnuiout. **)'J) VIcesof J.-lnshK'orlty. *30ai Victories of J.-Klctlt Urns. *aO'i'i UlHccllanoDim crDSs-rcfiTiMn^i's. Conscience perverted by J. Dlstrn8ted-Im|)osturo. Equivocation of J.-Kules. Falsehoods concornlnK J- Uerolsm of J . misslonui Ics. Prohibited In New York. See (.'ATilOLICS in loe. UlKccllanpnus croaarefereiiccs. no Comforter but J. -Mary 6. Honored klnif-Oodfrey. Klnc, the only-Puritans. " of all nations. KluKdom of J.-C'ontrasted-N. Precious namo-Martyr. SalDta with J. See CHRIST in loc. JEWELRY. Passion for J. -Henry VH. Miscellanpoua croBS-refcrcucos. Extravagance In j. -Charles I. Treason for J, -Woman. 1105 3iti;t SSMt lais ■AMH 4710 5007 8071 28!)4 8;M7 4137 1453 •3023 2011 5698 JK\Vi:i 3oy (Jrims-rffrmifi'. Abuse of friends by J, Kc'i. IIOA.X. Suicossful h., Thomas Hood's. ao.W Victim of h. (). (ioUlsmith. .Sc'c IIOA.XKS. Suc(!eNs by h.-W. IrvhiK. JOlJIIiVEV. Itrldal j., Thos. .lellerson's. Tireless J.-" Soft litter." S!«(ll ♦^'.wi; •.■1(«0 Misct'Ihiiu'^ms cruHMrofcri'ncc;' Delusive J.- Crusaders. Dreamer's J. to lleavi^i M. Kxhaustcd by J. M. Luther. Kxpedlted-I'utnain to Boston Extraordinary .)., Wolsey's. Sad J. -Luther to .XuRsburK. S»/rr'iwful J. '•.! captives D'rfi'U Scr AI>VK.\Tt!KI';itS. Disappointed 'I'lu^odorlc and (i Numerous with Catit. J. Smith. 3111 y-ll Iil'J3 imi4 IKU.'i M 1. ,')(),'■. *7!l *N0 Komarkablc a.-De Soto'sexp'n.lHKO Successful a. TIircMi men. 1070 S.'c I'll.liRlMAOl':. MeniorlalsOld hImics. .'Will Sic VoVAliK Celebrated v. of (Jreoks. •.')K()7 Preparation for v. Churiih. ♦.'JHOH Fatal v.-Youth to labyrliitli. (iO.li Prevented, llapplly-(}oldsmlth..')031 Scf EXI'KDITIO.N and TRAVICL in loc. JOV. of Discovery-Galileo. *3088 Fatal j. -Shock to explorers.. *30'.J".I IntoxIcatlnR 1., Wellington's. *30:!0 Public J.-Acqulttal of 7 Ups. 'JJOSl MlHcollaiieous croflsreferencos. of Benevolence-A. Lincoln. .ViO " " -Faraday. .W7 -John Howard. 4192 -Rev.J.Newton..3077 of Huslness Chaunoey Jerome. " Dlseovery Spaniards. Dnmchtlc J. of .Marclus. Fatal J , Lover's. Iiieoiislderate J. of pi iice. of I'eaeo War of IHl','. Id'actlon of J. Insanity, of Iti'all/.iitliiii Ciiliimbiis KellKious J III persiriitlon. Spei'fhless J Lujolals. of Sui'i'ess ColiiMibus. In Wealth Siiilden. Sif ('lli:i';itl''i:LNKSS. .'.'.mulated (iiieen .Mary. 8:5 tiuo WW lla lOUl 4091 .'KHIH 4H'.'3 r,Mi .•I'.HIH MtlH 4HIS •7SM Ni'eessi>ry in worship. 0100 I'lilltlc vs. .Melanrlioly. 1070 .•^... KI'S'lASY. Ki'IIkIouh e. .Iiiliii Kuiivan. •I70H Sir 1';.\II1LARAT1(IN. of Music vs. Hrliik. 37.'>3 Sif AMlSK\ti;Nf, IIAI'l'I.N'KSS ami l'I.lv\.'-I-Ui': 1/1 Inc. Jl IIII.EE. .National J , llilllsli, year IHdO. *30.'l!.' Sii-rKLKltKATHi.N, MarrlaKeflranilsonsof Tliiiour.'7'll Miiiili'lpal c. Ciiiistanlliiiiple. *7ta National <;. Centennial. ♦713 in Itereavenienl .Inly Ith. Ji :d«;e. Illshonorable J. It. Wright. 9UH •3033 MiHM'Ilaiii'iiiis rin^.s rrfiTi'iirPH. Dlsteiiipcred .1 .lelTroys. iiflOO Infamous J. .leffreys. OIKil Inliunmnily iifj. Jeffreys. 'iH>Y2 Savaije J. JelTieys. 'ID-IH Shameful J -.Appliis. 3'.I73 ji;d4;en. Despised J. Alhenlaii. ♦;J034 linparilalj. Kiirly (irecks. •30;i.'i .liistlie liy J. Ancient Persians. •.■XKIO I'arlisaii J.- KelKii of Jas. II. ♦.'«)37 Kepiitablo J. Athenian. ♦.«);}« 80.11 VM'i laoi 1217 1203 MiM-.ll;irirouf iTiiMS-niriTiMicert. Abuse of .|.-l''le(l'!rlck II. Aiipointed for verdict. (,'orrupled liy bribery. Oliseipilous J. -Charles 1. .s™ trMI'IKK. Dangerous u. Kdward I. •.'5740 Sir CUIKTS III lor. JVDUmK^T. Dishonest J. souuht. *3039 Duplicity in j. Francis North. *:10.J0 by Kxperts-Fred. the Great. ♦;i041 Mistake of j.-(Jeneral Gaffo. '3042 Partiality In J.-Chas.Sackvllle.^3043 L'nfortunatc j.- Louis XVI. •;«)44 Mlfccllaneous croHsrefercnceB. Clouded by temper-Jeffreys. 2900 Commendcd-Falrfax too much 8.10 Defective J.-8plrlfual lack. 844 Independence In J. -Grant. 5094 Pervert«d-Tai of Colonies, 5747 876 JUDGMENT-DAY— KNOWLEDGE. Ifel i \ Prohibited by Queen Elizabeth. 726 See OUITICISM and OIINIONS in Inc. JCJOOinENT-I>A.Y. Antlclputed-Mahumet. •3046 Fear of J.-d. by 8. Johnson. *3048 JURIES. Coerced by Jeffreys. ♦3048 JVRISPRVDfiNCE. Origin of j. -Roman. *3047 Miscellancou!) crcissrcferences. Monumental work of Julian. 4 Signs in Roman j. 3985 See COURTS imd LAW in loc. JURY. Determined j. -Trial of 7 Bps. Imprisoned for verdict. Limited-" Three days." Perverted by clergy. Unterrlfled j.-Trlal of Penn. ♦3049 ♦3050 *30,'J1 ♦SO.'ia ♦3053 Cross-reference. Corrupted with money-Eng. JUSTICE. by Combat-Ciauls. Even j.-Arlstides. Exceeded-Bajazet. " -Theophllus. " -Emp. Adrian, by Force-Francis Dralie. Governmental j. -Roman. Honored-Canute the Great. Impartiality of j. -Roman. " "-Turlcs. " " "-Alexander. Mocliery of j. -Papal, for Money-Egyptians. " " -Jeffreys. Outraged-Jeffreys. Partiality in j. professed. " " '-.Agesilaus. Pontic j. -Cardinal Wolsey. Public j., Origin of. Satisfaction of j. -Mahomet. Systematlzed-Charlemagne. Tardy j.-Rep. of Cromwell. 669 ♦3054 ♦3055 ♦3056 ♦3057 ♦3058 ♦3059 ♦3000 ♦.3061 ♦306a ♦3063 ♦3064 ♦3065 ♦3000 ♦3068 ♦3067 ♦30C9 ♦3070 ♦3071 ♦3072 ♦3073 ♦3074 ♦3075 Miscellaneous cross-references. Affection surrendered to j. 3063 Appeal for j., Vain-H. VIII. 0060 Claims of j. met-Mahomet. 1436 Failure of j. in punishment. 2754 Granted-Demanded. 2873 Haste imperils j. 3051 Honored-Benefiolal. 4631 Importance of j.-Trlal. 5705 Outraged by treaty of peace. 4097 Partiality in j.-Romans. 1261 Poetic j. -Normans vs. English. 1064 Refused by courts-Persecution. 702 Regard for j. by Puritans. 171 " " vs. Popularity. 3861 " personal j.-G. Wash. 56 Regarded-Capt. John Smith. 3803 by Reprisal-Cromwell. 4776 Restored-Jeffreys' court. 5796 Retributive J. -Nap. at Moscow. 1055 Sold for money-13th century. 661 Surrendered to Star Chamber. 1266 .See ARBITRATION. Rejected by Eng. -Napoleon. ♦278 Confidence In a.-Barbarians. 2617 Peace by U. S. vs. Eng. 1596 Settlement by a.-Ala. claims. 4826 JUSTIFICATION. Cross- reference. by Works-M. Luther. 6166 See ATONEMENT. Belief of Am. Indians. 51,58 or Vengeance-Am. Indians. 4848 See VIXDK'ATION. Audacious v.-Hotliwoll. ♦5832 .«ee CONVKliSlO.V in loc. KiI>^AI>PINCi. by Government I'lngllsh. ^3076 KINDNESS. Religion of k.-Rev. J. Newton.^3077 Miscellaneous cross-references. Conc'eala faults-IIurvey. Crime of k. to criminal. Reprimand of k. -Johnson, of Savages to Columbus. Spirit of k -Pope to Howard. See FAVOK. Flattery for f. -Voltaire. Ingenious request of f. Rejected-Responsibility. Seductive f.-(iolden rose. See TENDERNESS. with Courage-Garibaldi. " ResoiutenesB-Cromwell. Lack of t.-Mary Stuart. See BENEVOLENCE in loc. 2465 4466 4775 2649 145 2825 4663 1258 2161 ♦5569 ♦6970 6041 KINDRED. Cross-reference. Confidence of k. withheld. 6201 See KINSMAN. Lines reversed of klnship-Inds. 2068 Obligation of k. to Mahomet. 918 See RELATIVES. Responsibility for conduct of r.4570 See FAMILY in loc. KING. of Fanatics-John Baccold. ♦3078 Infant k. -James of Scotland. ^3079 " " -Henry VI. ^3080 Oddk.-G. Washington-Siam. ^3081 Unklngly k.- James II. +3082 Miscellaneous cross-references. Degraded-Musician or m'n'rch.2066 2894 3081 1328 2671 3367 1666 2665 Distinguished from others. Do-nothing king of Slam. God the king of Romans. Jesus the honored k. -Godfrey. Lawiessk. vs. Loyal man. Mistaken for the k. Nominal vs. Real k. -England. Office of k. decllned-Cromwell. " " " " " 3189 Sllghted-LouIsP.-lncog. in Am. 217 Young k. disclplined-Henry VI.1620 See RULER in loc. KINCii>OI?I. Crosji-reference. of Christ-Eternal k. -Napoleon. 3347 KINGS. Unhappy k.-Wllllam III. ♦3083 See KINO and RULER in loo. KINSinAN. Miscellaneous ero.ss-references. Lines of kinship reversed-lnd'8.2068 Obligation of k. -Kindness of M. 918 See FAMILY in loc. KISS. Miscellaneous crosH-references* Honored by A. Lincoln's k. 6102 Loss by a k., Manllus'. 107 in Public-Roman Consul. 107 Royal k. rewarded of Edward IV.47 of Subjection-Pope's feet. 28r* " Welcome-Raleigh-Axe. 1244 KISSES. Cross-rt'ftTence. Sacred k-Cru.'iuilers. 8112 KISSING. Husbanda-Orlgln of k. ♦3084 KNEELING. to God only-Alex. Munay. ♦3085 Crops-rcfcrencc. Exposed and Ind'gn'tlon 8h'wn.l687 K>IG/> 1 '*OOD. Ceremoi f>i < .n airy. ♦3086 Cross-reference. Origin of order of k.-St. John. See CHIVALRY in loc. KNOWLEDGE. Desired-Samuel Johnson. Eagerness for k.-Poet Shelley, Happiness by k. -Socrates. Humility for k. -Divine, without Learnlng-P. Cooper. Limitations of k. -Aristotle. Progress of k.-Aristotle. Promotion by k.-Jared Sparks. Sacrifices for k.-B. Franklin. "-John Fitch. Theft of k.-Stilpo. 817 ♦3087 ♦3088 ♦3089 *3090 ♦3091 ♦3092 ♦3098 ♦3094 ♦3095 ♦3090 ♦3097 Miscellaneous eros:: refer. Cost of k.-Lottery-P. Cot ( Criminal k.-Persecutio~ Dangerous k. of law. Experimental method In k. False k. of Aristotle. Love of k. -Blaise Pascal. Opposition to k.-Cathollcism-E. 736 Perilous pride of k.-B.'s defeat. 97 Pursuit of k.-Peter the Great. 2328 Responsibility comes with k. 48S6 " of k.-"Gunp. p.' Self-k. by adversity-Fred. V. Unapplied-Chinese-Compass. Valueless k. when unapplied-C. 273 See EXPERIENCE. Guidance of e.-Dlsc. of S. A. Needless-Corn. Perry-Am R. Persor ai e. for reformation. Test of human e -S. Johnson. ■ It 2u20 2224 "2089 84 2978 M988 ♦1989 ►1990 ♦1991 Benevolence prompted by e. Gained by lofs-Spaniards. 4355 2815 LABOR— LAW. 877 •3083 610S 107 107 1 IV.47 1344 ■ It lud^meiit from e. -Father. S108 LesHun of e -' Adversity." 3a77 -Napoleon I. 4081 Lessons of e. -Peter Cooper. 1785 " " -Soldiers. 2814 -Wm. P. of O. 6ia» of Poverty-Lessons-Job son. 43S5 Sympathy from e -S. Juunson. 54i)3 Untaught by e. -James II. 40H5 " " '■ -Crusaders. 4150 See EDUCATION and INTELLI- UENCE in loo. LABOR. vs. Capltal-EnKland. *3098 Deuraded by charity. *30i)9 Deliverance by 1.-" Apron." •3100 EvenluK 1. -English vs. Irish. •SlOl Expensive l.-Geo. Washington. ♦3102 Fo reed- De fence-Invasion . *3103 Honored-A. L'jcoln. ♦3104 by Impressment-Kngland. ♦3105 Lost-Audubon-Mlce. ♦SlOO Machinery relieves l.-Changes.*3107 " "-Mining. •3108 MIsapplled-Chlnese wall. Oppressed by law-England. " -Fixed wages. Profltless-IIand-l.-Cotton. Prolonged-14 hours. Reduced by machinery. Remarkable l.-John Wesley Respected-Napoleon. Success by 1. -Jamestown Col. ♦BUS M'agesofl., Small. ♦3119 " " " Raising opposed. ♦3130 Youthful l.-Thurlow Weed. ♦3121 ♦3109 ♦3110 ♦3111 ♦3112 ♦3113 ♦3114 ♦3115 ♦3116 ♦3117 Miscellaneous cross-references. Abusive 1. -Horses. 4,55 Agricultural I. honorable for R. 151 " " " -Servlce.156 Appreclated-Oxen. 6154 Clerical 1, Need of. 931 Degraded by charity. 3099 Demoralized-Qold-seekers. 2388 Desplsed-Cortez. 2.391 " -Lacedremonlans. 8536 Hardships in l.-Mlners. 4294 Honored-Mother of Wash. 2786 Little children's 1. In factories. 804 Memorlal-Slave-Labrador. 1890 Misapplled-Newton an alch'mlst.814 Music relieves l.-Italy. 3753 Neglected-Colony of Virginia. 1531 In Old Age-Luther. 133 ' -Ilerschel. 134 Oppressed by avarice-London. 429 Perseverance in 1. -Minister. 3846 " useless L 3847 Prodlglous-Cajsar's soldiers. 4484 Promotes thought-Burns. 1016 Refusal of 1., Patriotic. 3539 Regular royal-Louis XIV. 3393 Respected-Con. Congress. 3539 Revolt against 1. by Probus's s. 310 Reward of I. -Joyful-Lincoln. 3661 Rldiculed-Demosthenes. 4424 Value by I. -Sculpture. 334 Wealth by I. -Peter Cooper. 5975 Wronged by law- Wealth. 4290 8co TOIL. Contentment In t.-Abd'l'nym's. ♦56.35 Rewards of t.-Cyrus. See WOKK. Change In w.-8outhey. Dignity In w.-Uoyalty. End of w.-Beda. Life w. of Columbus. Silent w.-S. A. Douglas. ♦5636 ♦6148 ♦6149 ♦BI50 •6151 ♦6152 II. Charity In the form of w.-J, Noble w. of dull man. Overwork-Fatal-Fulton. Perfected Is lastlng-Vlrgll. Posterity considered in w. Relieves the mind In adverslty-S. 91 Rewards of pious w.-Mahomet. 862 Survives the worker-Shakesp. 2.585 See EMPLOYMEXTid loc. 780 29(_)7 l»i02 2311 3270 LABORER. IIonored-Abdolony mus. Impoverished- English . ♦3128 ♦3123 Miscellaneous cross-references. Abused-Apprentlces. 798 " " overworked. 799 Oppressed by legislation. 5665 5006 " " Union Soc. 5063 Women the 1. -Savages. 8598 LABORERS. Despised by Normans. ♦3124 Ignored-Magna Cliarta. ♦3125 Cros.-i-roference. Mutilated by Theodorlc. 164 See APPRENTICES. Abused by labor and whipping. 798 " " overwork. 799 See WORKERS. Wanted-Colonists. ♦6153 Worth of w.-Oxen. ♦6154 See WORKMEN. Intemperance injures w. 8921 Regard for w.-Church-bulldlng. 865 See EMPLOYMENT in loo. LAmENESS. Miscellaneous cross-references. Fever brings 1. to W. Scott. 8882 Wounds bring l.-Tlmour. 6171 See CRIPPLK. Distinguished c -Timour. 615 LAND. Division of l.-Beneliclal. Ownership of l.-England. Unimproved 1. -England. ♦3186 ♦3127 ♦3128 Miscellaneous cross-references. Limited toseven acres for a. 158 Monopoly in 1. Imperils the state. 152 " of 1. abolished. 3691 " -Plymouth Colony. 3697 Poverty with l.-U. S. 4345 Title to 1. dlsputed-Indlans. 4331 See LANDS in loc. LANDLORD. Cross-reference. Despotic 1. -Louis Philippe. See HOTEL in loc. 784 ♦3180 LANDS. Hereditary l.~Koiiiaii. Sec 1,.\ND 111 luc. LANlilTAOE. Adaptation of l.-Oreok and R.^3130 Contempt for l.-Battlo of H. ♦3131 Importance of l.-l.ycurgus. ♦3137 and Maiiners-Uonians. ♦3132 " -Kiirly ages. ♦yiSS Origin (if I. liy inspiration. ♦31.'M riiradislai' I'irsian-Mahomet. ♦SISS Training in I.-Honiaiis. ♦3136 Miscolluru'uus cross-references. Actions speak-llurling a spear. 41 " " -"Cutting popple8."43 Beauty of 1. lost by translation. 6.59 Brevity in l.-"I came, I saw." 659 Degrading 1. In controversy. 4.594 German 1. " created" by Luther.761 Mernoriuis in 1. -Names. ,^568 of I'aradi.se-Persiiau-Mahoraet. .3990 " Piety vs. Profanity. 5802 Pompous 1., Dr. .luhnsou's. 4280 Precision in use of 1. 1176 Savages without words of abuse. 22 of Symbols-Barbarians. I'.l.M Unmeaning 1. of social interc'rso.708 Wordless 1. in music. See WORDS. Backing for w.-Lysander. Hasty vv. -Henry II. Origin of w.-" Sandwich." Thrilling w.-Bp. Latimer. 3751 ♦6144 ♦CHS ♦0146 ♦6147 Disease affects use of w. 1640 lUvsty w. -Contrition for-II. II. 2069 Memorial in noble w. 6147 Verbiage of diplomacy. 1698 See SPEECH in loo. LASCIVIOVSNESS. Misci'lliineous cross-references, in Pagan worship-Dances. 2085 Dances of 12th century. 1717 See LICENTIOUSNESS tn loc. LAVOHTKR. Cross-reference. Power in l.-Palmerston. 1311 See AMUSEMENT and HUMOR in loc. LAW. Above 1. -James II. Delay of l.-John Hampden. Ignorance of I. -Romans. Levels all-Emperor Julian. Majesty of l.-Protectlon of h. Mockery of 1. -Romans. Novice in 1. -Patrick Henry. Overturned by Charles II. Partiality of l.-England. Sacredness of 1. -Socrates. Supremacy of I. necessary. Suspended-Rome. Technicalities of l.-Pllgrlms. Unprotected by l.-Prots. In I. ♦3151 Without l.-Britisb Cabinet. ♦3152 ♦31-38 ♦3139 ♦3140 •3141 ♦3142 ♦3143 ♦3144 ♦314,5 ♦3146 ♦3147 ♦3148 ♦3149 ♦3150 Disobeyed by Bunyan-Imprison.SlS vs. Duty-John Bunyan. 4393 Growth of 1. by experience of n. 908 878 LAWS-LETTER. Ineffective-Prohibition In Oa. " ' -Abuses In Ireland. Lawyers enforce or breal; 1. Obsolete l.-Usury-Roman. Independenoe of 1. -President J. 749 and Liberty from Kom'ns and U.90Q Majesty of 1. -Justice. 8062 PrlvlleKed violation of l.-16th o. 420 Relaxed for revelry-Timour. 741 vs. Usage-Theft. 6754 Broken by Emp. Targulnlus. •3153 Dlsref^arded by Am. Colonies, *3^^>l Enforcement of l.-Good. *3155 Obsolete 1. -enforced. •3156 Printed law-tho Flrst-Eng. •31.57 Proposal of l.-Athenians. •3158 Severe 1. repealed. •3159 " "-Egyptian. •31(50 Sumptuary l.-Uoraans. •3IG1 ' •sic.a Suspension of l.-Lac'd'm'nrns.^sna Unwritten I. of Spartans. •31(54 Civil vs. Divine l.-France. 499i Contradictory 1. -Persecution. 4ia0 Defiance of 1. -Criminals. 1299 Defled-Plrate-Captaln Nutt. 4000 Distorted by James II. 1K43 Evasion of 1. -Pericles. 1930 Government without I.-Indlan8.S4.30 Human vs. Divine 1. -England. 5998 Impotent-aKalnst Bribery. 1208 1216 4.500 4253 3170 5757 Partiality In executing l.-Poor. 4297 " " execution of 1. 4009 " " enforcing 1. 1242 In Poetry-First 1. 4223 Respected, bad 1. -Dissenter. 3148 Severe l.-Capltal punishment. 45(54 Strained by accusers. 1934 Sumptuary 1. opposed. 3416 " -Dress. 9C1 Superseded by necessity. 2447 Surviving the 1. of England. 1010 Unexecuted-Corruption. 1254 -Severe-Debts. 1465 Unwritten l.-Lycurgus. 5109 " "-Assassins. 1136 See GOVERNMENT and LEGISLA- TION in loc. Ignorant l.-Publlus Cotta. *3165 Miscellaneous cross-references. Changed by sermon. 1089 Criminal I. -Jeffreys. 1994 Impudent I. -Useful-Jeffreys. 2888 Odium of client given to 1. 3861 Preparatory to politloal life. 83 liAl^YBRS. Arts of Roman 1. *Sl&i Hatred of 1. by Germans. •3167 Imprisoned for deceit. *3168 Patriotic 1. of N. Y., yr. 1765. •3169 Special L-Reign of James II. ^3170 liAYmBN. Ignored-9th century. ♦3171 Miscellaneous cross-references. i'reaohers, Work of-Methodist.8612 CiMf-sacrifioe of L'Metliodist. 806 LEADKR. Matchless 1. -Henry Clay. Noble l.-.Iohn Wlnthrop. Unnatural 1.-" The tall." •3172 •3173 ♦3174 Miscellaneous cross-references. Deserted-Qeo. Washington. iSm Duty of 1. on the Held. 1269 Natural l.-J. Smith. 4877 Timid 1. unsuccessful. 1222 JLEADERS. Change of 1. ruinous. •3175 Cros.H-referonce. Strange l.-Crusadors-dooso. E.EADEKSHIP. MirtecU.ituMms crosa-reft'ri'nces, without Aurhorlty-Ind. Chief, mindly followod-Sheep. Destitute of 1. -Charles I. Impaired by large views. Merit rv.iulred fori. Natural l.-IIenry Clay. 5451 3780 3740 1482 4311 6765 4277 4310 25C0 3170 4281 1274 2026 "-William Wallace. Omen of 1. -Tarquln. of Public opInlon-Greeley. Resignation nobly offered. Resigned after failure. See GUIDE. Invisible g., Constan tine's. Unseen g., Constantine's. See GUIDANCE. by Dream-Cicero. " " -Deliverers. " Good genius-Good men. See GENERAL and GREAT MEN in loc. liBARNING. Dishonored-James II. Esteemed by Puritans. Honored by Tlmour. Secular 1. rejected. Superficial I. diffused. Wide 1. of Samuel Johnson. ♦2192 ♦2493 1722 1724 3706 •3177 •3178 •3179 •3180 •3181 •3182 Miscellaneous cross-references, Iiifiuence of l.-Courtesan. 1256 Mlsapplied-Dlscussion. 2170 Needless-Plead in Latin, 2164 Proficiency in l.-Egypt-Astron. 3.530 Progress in biblical l.-Tyndale. 566 See EDUCATION and KNOWLEDGE in loc. LEGACIES. Christian 1. m Church. •3183 Eagerness for l.-Romans. *3184 Enriched by l.-Cicero. •SISS See INHERITANCE in loc. LEGACY. Miscellaneous cross-references. for Churches-15th century. 554 of Political advloH-Augustus. 100 LEGISLATION. Complicated 1.-" Log-rolllng."^3186 Corruption of 1. -Parliament. •SIH? Fanatical l.-"Barebone8 Par."*3188 by Packing-Oliver Cromwell. •3189 Bidiouled-Brltisb ia Am. Col. *3180 Special I. Emp. Justinian. *3191 Strange I -A. Jackson In S'iiate.^3l9» Suspended 1.-" Eleven years," ♦319:i Unintelligent l,-8tamp Act. *31U4 Miscellaneous cross-references. by Bribery-Hated-Practi8ed-W.66(J Caste 1. in England. 1734 Controlled by bribery of Chas. 11.(574 Corruption in 1. -Seeming. 2Hiiii Devices in l,-"Log-rolllng," 4216 Discussion denled-Engiand. .'i23a Education required-Spartans. 181*^ F'lucatlonHl 1., Lycurgus*. 1803 Illegal by excluslim of votes. 2422 Impractical 1. of sp'c'latlve phll.4167 Intimidation of 1. -Paris mob. 658 of Intolerance-Piigrims-N. Eng..591 Obstructed by Bibulus. 385(> " " " .T.)28 Partiality in 1 -Franks. 3273 " "-Prots.andCaths.1818 Poor oppressed by l.-England. 4298 ■m& Poor wronged by l.-England. 4290 " 4293 against the Poor-Game law. 2277 without Prejudice-Successful. 2678 Prevented by usurpation. 1303 Prosperity by Solon's 1. 4359 Religion by l.-Erap. Gratlan. 4715 Responsibility in 1. 3158 to Restrain Tice-Gaming. 2275 Retaliatory against Holland. 979 Revengeful l.-Brltlsh-Bostcn. 990 Shameful l.-15th century. 428 Sumptuary l.-England. 1735, 1738 1733, 1734 Timidity In 1.- Conservatives. 1131 Tyrannical l.-Eiig.-Am. C'rnles.4101 " " " Commons. .'=;38 Wise principle in l.-Solon. 3153 LEGISLATORS. Mlscellani'ous cross-references. Bribed -£5000 for one vote-Ir rnd.663 " -House of Commons-First. 664 " habitually-Scotch lords. 665 Corrupted by v.-M. P.-Crom, 410 Discharged by Cromwell-Rev. 410 Terrifying 1. by a demagogue's m.40 .See LOBBYIST. Successful l.-M. Crassrs. •.3325 See GOVERNMENT, LAWS aal POLITICS in loc. LEGISLATURE. Cross-reference. Godless-Parliament. 3828 LEISURE. Mlscelliineous cross-references. Art requires 1. 2524 Importance of 1. to J. Bunyao. 81 LENITY. cellaneous cross-references. Official l.-Robert Bums. 1558 Ungrateful for l.-Iiinocence. 1242 LETTER. Decoy l.-Am. Revolution. ♦SIW from SeaTeO'Pope's letter. •3300 LETTERS— LICENTIOUSNESS. 879 Mlaccllaneoiin crnsn-referencet. AnnoylnK l.-Warnlnif-Alex. 1048 Interrupted-Bumb!«h«ll. I-J'IO Mystery to Amerlcau Indians. Mm Postscript to 1., Imponunt. 77 Set CORUESI'ONDENT. Burdensome o.-C.'sBonln-law.'i'l'^O Civilization by I. -Germans. ♦.3197 Mystery of l.-Am. Indians. •3198 Mlscellanoniis crnM-referenccB, Importance to hlstory-Crom. 3921 " 418;^ Imposition by 1 -noaz. Postal service oT)putfland. .VjS-I " "-Romans. 65H8 " "-Theodora. 4.').'13 Victim of l.-Kdward III. 4586 See ADULTERER. Advances of u.-P. of M. 8tuart.3aia Blot ofa.-Mahomet. 3248 Confirmed a. -James II. 0882 Devices of a. -Emp.Valentinlan. 8276 Merciless punishment of a. 3063 Papal a. -John XII. 4305 Keparatlo'- by murrlaf^e. 8458 Royal-Edward IV.-Wlves of L. 47 8elf-con fussed a.-Kalse. 5177 Wife wronged by husband. 6068 See ADULTERESS. Approved by husl>and. 4490 Arts of the a.-J.-C. Sedley. 5054 Bondage to a.-James II. 60,54 Distinguished a.-Pompadour. 8347 Influential a.-Aspasla. IS-^e Patriotic a.-Fulvla. 6097 Respected a.-Aspasla. 6084 by Restraints- Ilonorla. 3436 Self-confessed a.-(iueen of Sp. 5125 Strange charm of a. -Sedley. 8843 Successful a.-Antoiiina. 4858 Victim of a.-James II. 6085 See ADULTKKY. Excused by Gabriel-Mahomet's. *63 Punishment for a.-Exiled by J. ♦64 Shameless by nobllity-15th cent.*65 Vengeance for a.-Pope Jno.XII.*66 Victim of a.-Peredeus. *67 Common a.-Roman. Confessed for divorce. Diverted evidence of a. Emasculation or death for a. Evidence of a. -Difficult, in Uigh life-Charles II. Oppressive a. -Tyrant Gildo. Prerogative in a.-Mabomet. Shameless a.-Common-Europe.3243 See CONCUBINES. Passion for c.-Elagabalus. 960 Power of Persian c. 959 See COURTESAN. Influential c.-ABpasla-Athen8.*1256 1295 2188 1949 3160 1931 3470 5745 4210 Reformed c.-Theodora. 6996 Tyranny of c.-Milo the athlete.5960 See INCEST. t>7 Marriage of relatives. 3454 See LEWDNESS. Habitual 1. of Charles II. *3301 LIFE. See LIBERTINE. Aged l.-Loul8 XV. ♦8210 Devices of l.-Applus. 3978 I'aradlse of 1. -Mohammedan. 3992 See I'KOSTirUTK. Distinguished p. -Theodora. ♦4.'>33 Expensive p.-Charles II. 60ai Honored p. -Empress Theodora. 3191 " "-(Joddess of Reason. 4684 Power of p.-PolltlcaI-Loul8XV.6079 6080 4373 " " " -I'ompadour. Rule of p.-l'oppiea. See I'UOS'I ITUTES. Dress of p.-Luxurious. Rules of p.-Papal chair. Wives made p.-Uothlc. See KAI'E. Attempted r.-Joan of Arc. by Stratagem- Valentlnlan. Vengeance for r.-Oath. Victim of r. by soldiers. War caused by r. See SEDUCTION. Avenged on Carinus. by Promises-IIenry VIII. Punishment of s.-Constantlne. ^5075 4611 3086 1200 ♦4610 2376 5786 6118 5010 ♦5073 ♦5074 4578 67 MlscellunedU!* cross-refcrencts. Punished severely-Aurellan. Ruinous scheme of s. of P. See SEN.'^UALITY. Imperial s.-Commodus. ♦SIOS Religious s.-Pagans. ^5106 Paradise of s.-Mohammedan. 3992 See MISTRESS and SEXES in loc. LIFE. Aim in 1 . , Diogenes' . ♦3249 Ambition of 1., J. Milton's. ♦8250 Changes in l.-S. Houston. ♦3251 " "-Captain Cook. ♦3252 Attests Character-Humble. ♦3863 Choice In l.-Parable. ♦3854 City 1., Love of. ♦3255 Degraded-Romans. ♦3366 Delusive l.-Gibbon. ♦3257 Destruction of l.-Crusades. ♦3258 Farewell to l.-J. Q. Adams. ^3259 Forfeited by neglect. ^3260 Future l.-Am. Indians. ♦3261 Impediments in l.-S. Johnson.^3262 Indestructible-Am. Indians. ♦3263 Influence of a good 1. ^3264 Inner 1.-" Inner voice." ♦3865 Insignificant l.-Blbalus. ♦3866 Lengtliened one fourth. ♦3267 Measure of l.-Charles XII. ♦3208 Miserable 1. -Roman slaves. ♦3869 Neglected-Robert Burns. ^3370 Object in l.-Epicurus. ♦3871 Opening In l.-A. Lincoln. *3872 Price of human 1. ♦3873 Protected-Geo. Washington's.^3874 Public 1. for others. *3276 Purpose in i.-John Milton. ♦3276 " "-Peter Cooper. ♦3277 Qaalification-Edueation. ♦3278 Rational-Roman Emp. Alex. *3S79 Regulated by Stoics. ♦3280 Rules of 1., Swedenborg's. ♦3281 Secret of L^oslah Qaincy. ♦3283 8hortened-"Artemui Ward." Simplicity of l.-Baokwoods. Start in l.-Aiex. Stephens. Successful l.-Wa.uli. Irving. Training for l.-Jo.>lah Qulncy. Uncivilized I. -Am. Indians. Unhappy i. of S Johnson. Useful l.-Hlr II. Davy Value of l.-iu Gold. Vanity of l.-Belisarius- Vision of 1. -Strong and weak. Wandering 1. -Tartars. Wasted l.-Charles II. ♦S28» ♦3284 •3285 ♦3280 ♦3287 ♦328* ♦3280 ♦3£90 ♦3291 ♦329!> ♦3293 ♦32fr» ♦8894 Miscellaneous cross-references. Abandoned to vlce-Cartnus. 1701 Absolute surrender of 1. -Glad's. 109 Accident directs 1. 4062 Ambition of 1. rebuked. 2471 Amusement an aim in 1. 1524 Animal 1. -Regard for BuddhlBtB.286 rttrocious 1. of Nero. Barbarous l.-Am. Savages. Begging for 1. -Monmouth, of Benevolence-Emp. Titus. Burdened by Idleness. Changed by bereavement. A. 4965 4641 5139 4307 2708 J. IDS ' 6086 " " sermon-Lawyer. 1089 Changes In l.-Prefect John. 2212 Charmed-Perils of Wm. P. of 0.3633 Comforts of 1. renounced. 6677 Consecrated to the gods. 2864 Contempt for l.-Martyr's. 3«06 Cut off early-Genius. 2323 Defeated 1. of Burns. 2027 Defects seen In l.-Meditation. 1760 Destroyed by pe8tllence-London.692 " -Cffisar's war. 5898 " -Attlia's war. 5899 -Napoleon I. 5900 by famine-One third.2078 D<38truction of 1. by earthquake.1769 " " "-Immense. 6180 " " '• " 5181 Devoted-Fanatics. 8843 " to others-Spartans. 4045 Devotion of l.-Soldler8-Roman.3838 Disappointments in 1. 1007 Diversity In l.-Nap. -Peasant. 187 Duty more than 1. 2788 Endangered by astrologers. 1953 Enlarged by education. 1781 Estimate of 1., Low. 4&14 Estimated by accumulation of w.432 Examined after death. 22!j8 Exhibits character-Plato. 1314 Failure in l.-Emp. Eonorlus. 1877 Failures in practical 1. 2030 of Faith for temporal good. 2035 " "-G. Mailer's. 2037 Forest 1. of Audubon. 8106 Frivolous 1. of Grecians. 903 Happiness by benefactions. 2368 Happy 1. without wealth. 4880 Hardships In l.-Mortallty. 811 Hidden inner l.-Wm. P. of O. 4024 Immoral l.-no Conscience. 1110 Imperilled by assassins.-L. Phil. 360 "-Victoria. 861 «t t* •« •« MA LIGHT-LOAN. 881 InpertUed by assaaBins-Croinw. 366 '• 370 " Cwsar's 1. 140S Improved security of 1. 48B7 Inoomplutu-UupUael died at 37. 348 Indlfferenue to human l.-War. lUTO Inner vs. Outer l.-l'oet Young. 1B70 for Llfe-Retrlbutlou. 4840 LoB» of 1.-15 Years. 3100 Lost by exposure-Bunyan. 1487 " " " to wet-Wash. 1417 Love of 1. In old ane. 1408 a MLsslou-Stonewall Jackson. &8S8 Mission In l.-Wm. P. of O. 3033 " " " Sense of. 3041 Misspent l.-Plllur saints. 5018 Money for l.-jei5,000,000. 8007 Monotonous) 1. of monks. 217 Narrowed by poverty. 8123 Neoe88arloH-I>yre-Spon(?e-Br'd.3748 Planless 1.. Milton's. 2107 Pleasure-seeker's 1. 4037 Precarious support of 1. 1074 Preservation of own l.-Crom. 821 Preserved-Cajsar's soldiers. 5822 Private vs. Publlo l.-Mahomet. 4210 Prolonged bv virtue. , 3714 " 137 Yeurs-Legend. 6212 by diet. 2170 Public vs. Private l.-Dlverse. 788 ' -Wm. P. ofO.121 •• " "-Queen Anne.558 Purpose of a true l.-Llncoln. 1309 " in l.-Great-MUton. 2107 Quiet 1., Preference for a. 3809 Race for 1. 460S Ransom for i.-Alarlc. 1145 Regrets in later l.-W. Scott. 19 Resolving vs. Doing-Johnson. 1390 Result of l.-Winding sheet. 2475 Reversal of expectations in l.-S. 190 Reverses in l.-Nicetas. 2211 Review of 1. in death-GrenvlUe. O.'iS Ruined by wrong-Napoleon. 2201 Sacrifice of 1 . -Political. .5793 " to save l.-Shame. 3879 Sacrificed to avarice-Workmen. 429 ' -Soldiers. 483 " for l.-Moors. 5968 Sacrifices to save 1 -Property. 004 Saved with reproach. 1238 Saving 1., Joy In-Llpcoln. 536 " of l.-Precedenoe to. 8588 " 1., Efforts in- Arctic. 3332 Sensational overwrought-Rom. 103 Shame burdens l.-Huss. 1964 Shameful I. overlooked. 3177 Shortened by drink-Alex. 2912 " " -Galerius. 2925 •t «« (ft -Louis X. 2929 l» (• -Athalaric 29,30 t« it -Alexiinde •.2931 •• •( -Douglas. 2937 •• ki -Army. 2939 •t •» *. 2940 M tt -Bums. 2954 •I 3 0147 2058 1224 Mi8cellaiienu3 cross-references. Electric l.-Columbus. Truth-InextinguIshable 1. .See MUON. Dwarfs Inhabit the m. Influence of m. discarded. Testimony of m. for Mahomet. 3623 See SUN. Worship of the s.-Perslans. ♦MSS Right of way to the 8.-Diog'nes.3416 Utilized in war-Anolents. 353 " " -Archimedes. 343 lilGHOTNING. Fear of 1., Superstitious. ♦3299 " " "-W'sh'ngt'n's mother^3300 MIsccIlancoui croaa-references. Death by l.-.(Esculapius. 4169 Significant l.-Sacrlfices. 4994 LIOIVS. Cri)9s-rffcrcnce. Perilous allies against Invaders. 174 LITERATURE. Conceit In I.-Later Greeks. ♦3302 Effects of L-MUltary. ♦8803 Fame In 1. -Limited. Genius In l.-Tasso. " " "-Arlosto. '-Milton. -.1. Dryden. " " "-Shakespeare. Honors of I. -.Milton. Importance of l.-Kmno. Opportunity in I. -Alex. Pope. Pleasures of I. -Clius J. Fox. and F'overlj .smnuil .loliiison. Preservation of I. -Monkery. I'roaigatu l.-Kiigllsh. He< orapuiisty of l.-.\li!x. Pope. Uosloratliin of l.-.\rabs. Hldlculed-Cnisaders. Vicious EiiglUli 1. ♦.3.301 ♦33(» ♦3.'«)tl ♦a'107 ♦3308 ♦3.'W9 ♦331(- •3.J11 ♦3312 ♦3313 ♦3314 ♦3.315 ♦.3310 ♦;«17 ♦3318 ♦3319 ♦3320 MiHCL'lluiicoiis cro.s.s-reftjreiices. in Age-John Milton. 135 Ambition In l.-John Milton. 194 Decadence In 1. -Greeks. 2908 Dcollno In 1. -Constantinople. 3241 Dictator In l.-S. Johnson. 1307 Devotion to 1. In death-Ba3da. 0150 Earliest Roman 1. -Drama. 1718 Early tralniiii,' in 1.-I5. Franklin. 0;j6 190 1.35 4224 3775 8,')42 2743 Sim 3244 Enduring reward of I. -Scott. Iliifcebled effort of age-Mllton. Feebleness In 1. -Frederick II. Genius In I. -Roger Bacon, in Ilcaven-Shakcspi'are's. Imllalion In l.-Fameless. Iiidecency in l.-Arlosto. Licentious 1. of J. Dryden. Low state of l.-Age of Ch'rl'm'ne.032 Period of Arabic 1. 3238 Popular test of l.-PUgrira's P. 108 Progress of civilization by 1. 2339 Sickness by devotion to 1. 1039 Style In l.-RMiculous. 1167 Unappreciated-Danes. 8715 Warfare in 1. -Bitterness for M. 23 SeeAUTIIOK.S, HOOKS mid SCHOOL in I'ic. LITIGATION. Period of l.-15th century. ♦3321 Cross-reference. Principle more than money. 3139 LITTLE 'i'HINGS. Importance of-Spanlsh War. ♦3323 Cross-reference. Trifles vitiate servlcjc. LITVRGV. Opposed by Scots. 4685 ♦3323 Cross-reference. Opposition to l.-Scots. See RITUALISM. Rejected-Cathollo-England. 6133 ♦4915 Trifles vitiate service. 4685 LOAN. Hopeless I. to S. Johnson. *3324 MIscellancouB cross-references. Refused by professed friend. 2224 of Wife to friends-Spartans. 6187 S«e OBEDITOR and DKBT (n io« 882 ■lobbyist. Huoceuful l.-M. CraaKiiH. •3325 liONflKVITV. CauB08 of l.-Julm Locke. ♦ilit.'ti by I'rudenoo-Petor Cooper"*. •3347 MIscvllikrieDUH crom refureuce. Secret of l.-Joslali (iuliioy. Sec A(ll<: in luo. LOUU. Absent L.-II.of ('(iiiimiina. See (K)I> ill too. LON». (JhIq by l.-lliinnlbul. Irretrleviible 1 -HedKemoor. 3889 •3338 •*Ja9 •&S30 MlacelluiieoiiH erosB-ruferonces, Irreparable 1 of arohlteotural m.H'iO Made Kood by cDurdKu- 1^-17 E.ONSKS. Disparity In 1 -New Orleans. •3.331 Croas-refcrenco. Made (food by uoiiraKe. 1847 See BANKKUl'TCY and DAMAUK in too. LOST. Soeklnft the l.-.Sir J. Franklin. ♦3338 LOT. Choice by 1. -Turk mans. *3333 Mlacellaiieoua croaa-rufcrencos. Decision by l.-Columbus. 8804 Selection by I. Mahomet's father. 795 LOTTKRY. Profitable l.-Exporlence-P. C. ♦3a34 See LUCK. Days of l.-Anclent. •3301 Courage under ill-luck. Days of l.-Romnns. Encouragement for good 1. liOVB. Abode of l.-"Agapemone." Accidental l.-W. Scott's. Active l.-Chrlsllan. Battle of 1. -Lovers. Changed by 1. -Another body. Conjugal i.-Napoleon I. Disappointment In l.-K. Infatuation of l.-M. Stuart. Juvenile 1. -Napoleon I. a Necessity-Cannoneers. Passionate I. of Shelley. vs. Prudence-Agesllaus. Religion of 1. -Napoleon I. Romantic l.-Geo£frey Rudel. " " -S. Johnson. " -Shelley. Shadow of I.-W. Irving. Supremacy of l.-Domestlo. 08 1395 6081 •33:i.5 •3330 *a337 •3338 *3:«9 •3340 •3341 •3348 •3343 ♦3344 •3345 *:i346 •3347 *a348 •3349 •3350 ♦3351 •3358 MlacelLineous cross-references. V8. Ambltlon-Napoleon-Jos. Controlled by Marlborough. Kiotltlous 1. of Queen Anne. First 1. of Robert Burns. 104 1699 6052 558 4219 LOIUJYIST— MADNKSS.^ at First Hlght (iarlbaldl. WHO Unitltude heiiets 1 Howard. 8115 InHplres endeavor-Burn^. ■'•.'I'J Lawlo8s-(,'()nlagli)UH example. '■i«li) Magnanlintty of l.-Jodeplilne. ;!-'0I Mission of l.-Purdoii. 3U!)8 Itespected-llumlili! llfi'-Niip. 187 Haorlflces of 1. W'eniwort li. 8510 Survives abu»e-Mr.i. Ilyroii. 3105 'rranslent-8udden-(;ro(;ki)tt. 3138 Universal l.-Ams. excepted. 215 Unreuiprooated-Swfdenborg. 183 LOVKll. Fallen l.-Ileriiunilo ( ortcx. *33.")3 Fickle 1. -Robert Hunn. ♦33.V1 Youthful l.-Lord Byron. ♦SSSS MIscc'lluiK'niia crossrcfercnci'S, Artfiil-Cleoputra. 0130 mind I. of Catherine .Sedley. 2+18 Hllndod-Marous. 1075 Ensnared-Antoiiy by Cleopatra.OlSO Fdsclnated-\Vm. the Conq. -Itobort lluriis. Female 1., Mahomet's. "-Honorla. I're.scrvatlDH of 1. -Ariadne. Royal 1. of Lucy Waters. Unsuci'O.ssful-Isaac Nowtou. V'Ults of I., Dangerous. LOVE Its. Rival I. -Jefferson -others. 8.583 4819 3478 3(70 0051 3170 591)2 C019 ♦a3u6 MUcellaiieoua crosa-reforcnccs, Rellglous-Sensual-England. Restrained-Church service. See AKKl.MTY. by Complemeut-\Vm. V. of O. " Contrast-Aniie-ChurcliIII. -Burnet-Halifax. See AMIAIilLlTY. Savages-no Words for abuse. See FREKLOVKUS. Religious-Sensual - English. See I'lIILANTIlUOl'Y. Example of p.-J. Howard. Experimental p.-J. Howard. Practical p.-J. Howard. 3a35 853 28;M 2888 2231 28 3335 •4103 •4104 •4105 Devotion to p. -Georgia. 4.502 Gift of p.-Smlthaonian. 1818 See AFFECTIO.\ a:.d KISS in loc. LOYALTY. Esteemed-Oil er Cromwell. *33.")7 Unreserved-Widow Windham. ♦3.5.58 Vigorous 1. of Bismarck. ♦33.59 Zealous 1. of Puritans. ♦3300 Miscellaneous cross-references. Disqualified by 1. -James II. Dlstrusted-Romanists. vs. Liberty-Revolution. Loving 1. to Adrian. Outward 1. recommended. Proof of 1., Severe. Sacrifice of l.-Woman. See FIDELITY and PATRIOTIS.M in loc. 3549 4946 1096 4969 3848 1304 1348 LVOK. Days of 1., Ancient. ♦33«1 Mlaeulluiipuua cruaa rofuruncei. Courage under Ill-luck. M Days of l.-U >mans. 1805 ErKtourageniunt for good I. 6081 See t'llANOES iind LOT in Inc. Li;»IT8. CroHs-referehce. Licensed by Gabriel-Mahomet. 03 See LlCE.NTI()UrtNK.SS in loo. LUXURIES. Mlacclliini'oiia crosi rcterences. Comparative l.-Scots-Eng. 1913 Di-inorallzing I. -Alexander. 5068 Ileaven's l.-Moliamniedan. 2540 Ut'.|ecttMl by Mahomet. 2678 Repres.sed by sumptuary 1. 8161 Warfare against l.,('iusar'8. 3168 LUXURY. Dangers of 1. -Puritans. Deidod-Oxford friars. Employment of the poor. Evil of l.-8partans. Excess In l.-Alexander. Misplaced In Roman camp. Nauseous l.-Tobacco. vs. Poverty-Romans. Repudiated Primitive C. Senseless 1. -Roman feast. Unsatisfying l.-Iialan. •3363 ♦8864 ♦a368 •3366 ♦a360 •3307 •3308 •8369 •3370 •a371 •3378 Miscellaneous cross references. Abollshed-Vlces gone. 8655 Character deteriorated by 1. 4888 Condemned, Roman. 3384 Corruption by l.-Rom"n families. 407 Debased by I. -Vandals. 953 Enervated by 1. -Romans. 901 Exhibition of 1. 8383 Increased by R. aqueduota. 4S9, 460 National enervation by 1. 4200 I'erilous to the State-Cato. 266 State endangered by 1. 5856 Suppressed by disgrace. 4011 See EXTRAVAOA^'CE in loo. LYING. Polite 1. hurtful. ♦3373 See LIAR. Proverbial I -Dick Talbot. •3202 mACHINERY. Benefits of m.-Clocks. ^8374 a Means-Samuel Johnson. *a375 Triumph of m. -Brass clocks. •3376 Miscellaneous crosareferences. Genius for m.-Eli Whitney. 8118 Hallucination-Perpetual mot'n.5168 Importance of m. -Cotton-gin. 2988 Intrioate-Meohanical birds. 8383 Labor-saving m.-Clocks. Relieves labor-Changes. " " -Cotton-gin. " " -Miners. See INVENTION in loc RIADNESS. Effective m. of James Otis. 2984 8107 8115 3108 •3377 Miscellaneous cross-reference. Courage of m.-Charles XII. 1389 See ANGER and INf >NITT in loc. MAOIC— MANNKU8. 883 niAOio. llullof In m'-riilumbus. *a')T8 Hcu AMIHEMY. liuokH uf a. UuMtroyed. BOTH MtudeDtura.-Unad Newtuii. 811 Ht'.i ASTK()I,(I(1Y. UeKard fur a.-lioman omena. 'USO Crime proven by a. IflM Faith In a.-Charlo» II. M4a 8oH OH A KM in loo. ITIAGNANIiniTY. Admirable m of II. Viinc. *;«79 Noble m.-Oonerul I.eo. ♦liSWO uf HavaReH-UiionJuKas. *aas\ MlHcellaru'Ous cross-roforonoes. of Arreotiou-Josepblno Appeal to m., Alexunder'H. In Forgiveness- WeHley. " MIsfortune-Phlltp II. Sairaolous ni.-Csesar. In 8elfsa(!rlflce-Alexandor. s™ OKNEUOSITY in (of. 15«8 aoan ^sa8 5095 9IAUNIFICENCB. Ts. IlapplnesH-Abdulruhmaus. *3.381! Oriental m. -Constantinople. *3;KJ Koyal m.-Arcadlu8. *3384 MlBCcllitneouH crositreriTsncca. Display of m. -Funeral of A. 4174 -Aurellan. 4476 " " -Cleopatra. OO.W " "-WeddlnK-Tlmour50H7 Ezoessive m.-Con»taiitlne. 3903 8oe DISPLAY wul MAJE.STY in toe. mAIDKN. Military m.-Grejjory's d'ghter.*338.') Mlscellanciius cmss-rofcrencea. Bravery of martyr m. 4143 Choice of m.-State-EUzabeth. 34.35 Demonlzed m. -Boston. 15G7 Influence of m.-Joan of Arc. l.'J.'iO Persistent-Strange- Joan of A. 1557 Pltled-Jane MacCrea. 5108 Urged by State to raarry-KlIz. 3435 IflAIDEiVS. Mlsccllariecmj croan-rcfercnccs. Imported for raarrlage-Va. Jealousy of m.-Fatal-Anlma. MAILS. Detained by Government. 34.58 3004 *3380 MAJESTY. MiaceIluneoii8 ci'das-roferences. Exaggeration of barbarian m. 1956 Impressive by display. 2421 See KINO and MAGNIFICENCE in loc. MAJORITY. Rule of m.-Condemned. *3.387 Unconquerable m.-Pr't'sfnts.*3388 1389 Miscellaneous cross-references. not Bound by m.-Clergy. 300 Needless-Catiline's. 1201 Reaction of m -Eng. politics. 4011 Rule of m.-" Annexing Eng." 8610 " " " -CouNulencuexu'pt'(l.'.j4Sl Hubjugatliin of m.-Croniwull. 8018 ITIALI»NirV. Parental m. of Frtidorluk VVm.*3;w9 (Jromrofcri ... •. Unprovoked m. of Kng. bt .'(Kar8.4l)0 Hco IIATIIKK in ioc. MAN. Civilized m., < 'Iiuiiki.'.s in. Deflnud by Plato. I)egonorated~LoHt arts, an Honest m.-four Kings. Mission of m. -Stoics. Monster m. -Napoleon I. or a Mouse Kolwrt .Morris. Origin of m. -Indian's cavern. Uncivilized m.-Am. Indians. *!t30O •;i.ini •3ai»3 ♦IW'.l I •.•i'li loc. MANNERS. Blunt m. -Diogenes. ♦3415 Changed-Romans. ♦3416 Effects of m.-Well-Ul-bred. ^3417 " " " -S. Johnson. ♦3418 Neglected, Samuel Johnson's. ♦3419 w^ 884 MAMFACTUUKHS— MAUHIAOK. I'liilii lu.-O. Kox, quakur. lIiiruHuud m.-H. JoliiiMon'i. lirbuue m. of C'hurlvH II. ♦WSO Mlnculluneout croM-ruforenoM, Affe(sted by laiiK»iii{u. 81S8 Awkward aud uKllu-Hbelley. 443 Bluut m. of Wlllluiu III. i'i'iit Brutal m.-Krudorlok II. 8601 Chivalrous m.-Ulauk Prlnoe. iiiWO CuntraHtoil-AtheDlanH vm. L. 3TiM) Corrupted m. duMtroy Home. ''ITUO Ueueptlvu m. -Sunderland. 'iWSI Demoralized by bad plilloit'pby.41U4 Bouontrtu m.-H. Johnson. iimi 8064 30U1 2001 &ais SJ78U 6070 Wi SOUiJ £ndanf{ored by wealth, to Familiar m.-J. Uokk- Imitation of m.-Jamux Mogg. I'laln in. -Mm. Pres't Jackson. Simplicity of m. -Mother of W. TriilninKlnni., Kffectlvu. L'ureUned m. of Cromwell. Unrestrained m. -Perilous. tine ACTIONS. Speak-War-IIurllnf? the spear. " -Tarquin cutting tallest p. ♦48 aoo AFFAHILITY. Falsehood In a. -Charles II. See AKKKCTATION. Ridiculed by Thackeray. See AUI>ACITY. Brazen a.-Catlllno. Deceived by a. of Napoleon. Desperation of a.-Iudlans. *41 1078 1600 *392 *393 ♦394 Preaumptuous-CatlUne. 1801 Success by-Joan's attack. 1900 " -Pompey. 0810 Undaunted-Bothwell's. 5838 Women of Parls-Uovolutlon. 058 See AWKWARDNESS, and AgiUty-Poet Shelley. ^443 Exhl bi ted-Etlq uette. See DECENCY. ReKard for d.-Younit Newton, See DECORUM. In Debate-American Indians. Ministerial d.-S. Johnson. See ETIQUETTE. Burdensome e.-Edward IV. Question of e. -Wash's Ad. Restraints of e.-Anne. 1586 ♦1478 ♦1483 ♦1484 ♦1925 ♦1926 ♦1927 Awkwardness of t 1586 Disgusting e. -James II. 2590 Important-Gen. Washington. 4634 Necessary-Washington-Howe. 1589 Overdone-King upset. 1586 Quarrel over e. -Ludicrous. 750 See CUSTOM, FASHION and MOD- ESTY in loc. MANVFACTrRERS. Exhibition-Boston Common. ♦8483 Fostered, Flemish m. ^3484 Monopoly in m.-Hatters. ♦3425 Restricted by government. ■ Miscellaneous cross-references. Avaricious m.-London, 1837. Benefited by proteotion-Eng. 489 979 Co-opiiratlon In m.-Kng. 1195 Entorprlwd of m. -Spinner's mule. 535 Independence in Am. C'olonloR.391 i Monopolies In all m. 3080 Monopoly in m.-P. Cooper. 3fl!M " " "-Plymouth Col. imiw " "-N. E. Colonle8.3fl99 " " " N. Amsterdam.8700 Oppressed by leKlslatlon-N. Kng IIHO Prohibited In Am. Col.-Iron. 8164 -Trap. 8190 Protection of m. needed. 863 Silk m., Delicacy of. 8361 Unpopular-Iron-England. 2165 mAR<;HiNU. Prodigious m tipitnuns. ♦3487 IVAKINKII. Famous m.-ColumbuH. ♦8428 ITIARINER8. Cautious ni.-l'ornigui;se. ♦3420 See .SAILORS in loo. mAHKS]fIAN. Royal m.-Kmp. commodua. Crob.(rcfereiico. Accurate m.- Aster. ITt.\RRIAGE. Ceremony from Uonmtis. Cheap-Kev. Alex. Keith. Choice In m. vs. Appointment. Coercion In m.-Wm. Wat. DecUned-Quoen Elizabeth. Denial of ni.-IIonorla. Detested-Mary Stuart. Disappointment In m.-Cr'ck'tt. Dlshouored-Romau Empire. Dowry In m.-Oxen. Early m.-Isabella-8 Years old, " " -Ayesha-O Years. Encouraged by laws. Excused-IIonry VIII. Extraordinary-John Howard. Forced m.-Anne to Chas. of F, Fortunate m.-John Adams. Happy m. -Peter Cooper's. In Ileaven-Swedenborg. Ill-chosen m. -Catherine of R. Ill-mated m. -Louis XII. of F. Imported form.-Vlrginians. Inauspicious m., A. Jackson's. Incestuous m.- Ancients. Indecent m.-Mary Stuart, to Industry-Sablnes. Informal nn.-D. of Monmouth. Irregular m. -Robert Burns. Kingdom for m.-Qodwin. Loose m. -Romans. Mediation in m.-I. Newton. Meekness In m.-Rumford. Modes of m. -Romans, for Money, Cicero's. " " -Byron's. -Chivalry, without Money-Themistocles, Morals in m. disregarded. " " " needful. Name by m. -Charles 11. Promoted by Government. Proposed by women. ♦8480 5104 ♦3431 •8438 ♦34;W ♦3434 ♦3435 ♦3130 ♦3437 ♦3438 ♦3439 ♦3440 ♦3441 ♦3112 ♦3443 ♦a(44 ♦3445 ,*3446 ♦3447 ♦3448 ♦3-M9 ♦34.50 ♦3451 *mra .♦3153 ♦3454 ♦3455 ♦SI.-iG ♦3457 ♦3458 ♦3459 ♦.3400 ♦3461 ♦3402 ♦3463 ♦3464 ♦3465 ♦3466 .♦3467 ♦3468 ♦8469 ♦3470 ♦3471 ♦3472 by Proxy- Anne of fl. , ♦3479 " " -Princo Arthur. ♦!N74 •' " -Llewellyn. •8475 KecklesineNS In m.-IIonorla. ♦3176 of Relatives Middle Ages. ♦3t77 Uepeated-Jullus Coisar. ^3478 Repetition of m. condemned. ♦3479' Romantic m. -Garibaldi. ♦8480 Second m. orltielsed. ♦3481 " " approved. ♦8489 Secret m. Spartans. ^84^ Secured by auction. ♦8484 Selection In ni.-Russlant. ♦8486 Sensational m. uf M. Luther. ♦348*1. Splendid m. of Prince Hupert.^3187 Surprise by ni.-Juhn Mlltnn. ^3488 Uncertain-Madam or mlHtre8s.^34H» Unendurable m.-John Milton. ♦8-t9a Unequal m.. Treatment of. ♦.3491 Unfit for m. a reflection. ♦3498 Unhappy m. of Shakespeare. ^3493 Unsafe m.-Mary Stuart. ♦3'»94 Vow of m.-Capt. Cook-15 yrs. ♦3495 Wicked m. of Mary Stuart. ♦3496 Worthy m.-John Adams. ^3497 Miscellaneous croM-rcferences. Abstinence from m. -Ottoman. 8061 Baseness In m. -Henry VIII. 458 Blighted hopesofm.,Sw'denb'gs.lS3 Broken engagement- Heart b. 8,''>34 Caste In ni. -England. 726 Celebrated in simplicity Jeff. S02O Celebration J. Mlltuii.6000 Huncnted hy luuliilaw-Alberlo. OUT Mumiilty uf HI. proteotvd. 17U3 Muandiklous m. tu Uotbwvll. U188 Hticunil III., luduouiit. OIUU Hourut III. iiu(«HHary-U. Ilurni. 3458 Hhttdovvud by imHUiiMltmtluuof I'.368 .Sbuin»rul m. Ilitnry Vlil. 408 bluful in.-Uo).'niloUHiiUNN. 4714 8onK luadH to in. .1. (^iiliioy. b'UVi Murrowfiit m., Dtmtb ut. 631U Htpltu, Conjiiuiil VlriiUiica. 58(11 True utid fulHu ni -Muiimouth. 8457 UnblaMed by iiiiinuy-HiiurtaiiH. 440 UnuonHummatod m.,Dlv'ruu forl098 Unfortunate m. -Count H. 4S03 " -J.Fltch-Vlxen.B005 Unhappy m.-Sam Houston. 8261 Vlue diHreKarded In m. 8712 Hue IlKTUOTIIMENT. Early b.-SIr Hobort Pool. ♦SOS Sue UIIIOK. Cold welcome to b., Heomlnir. 8020 Dlffloulty IntorpoHod-CerboruB. 8388 Gifts for b.-Gold-P. stoiioH. 8369 Preparations of b.--Uoflnement.4643 Hemembered b.-JoBepbino. 3340 a Howard of valor. 3,')86 WaltluK flftcon years for-Cook.3495 See El.Ol'K.MKNT. Royal e.-Phlllp of France. 'IHSS Proposed to ShoUoy. 8350 Sue POLYGAMY. Fanaticism tends to p. 8078 Justined by Milton. 3922 Permitted by Luther. 40,'58 Shameful p.-Bothwell. 2188 Unproductive of children. 4833 See WEDDING. Brilliant w.-Orlontal. ♦5087 Present for a w. -Slaves. ♦5988 Abandoned by intemperance. S914 Feast-Urandsons of Timour. 741 Ridiculous w. Ancient Russian. 1184 See WEDLO(,'K. Golden w.-Mercenary-Sp'rt'ns.*5989 See DIVOKCE, IIU.SBAND and WIFE ill lie. CARRIAGES. Mixed m. of Romans. Roman customs In m. mARTYR. False m.-Lord Rochester. Sinful m.-Ohurchill. ♦M98 ♦3499 ♦3,500 ♦8501 Sllscdlaneoiis cro88-reference«. Courage of m. -Latimer. 6147 Honored-St. Peter's at Rome. 4500 to Liberty of the people- Vane. 3384 Political m.-Agis the Spartan. 1000 Sufferings prolonged. 41.33 Tender distress of m.-Taylor. 2073 Tyrant changed to m.-Beoket. 6145 Unterrifled m.-Hugh Peters. 2305 Victory of m. in death. 4038 fs. Witch-Joan of Arc. 1950 inARTYRDOm. Coveted by Mass. Quakers. ♦3503 " early Christians. ♦SSOS Devotion to in. -John Knox. *8A<^| Einlnenue by m. 'rhuH.U«oket.*ar>06 ITIAH'rVRS. Fanatical m. DuiuitlHiii. ♦3600 First iSuRllsh m. ♦8607 MiMioiiary in. Jesulta. ^3508 Tortured by Nero ('lirlMtlan. *xm True in. Hyrlan douiom. ♦3610 Mlacollniiuuiiii croim rvfvrt'ncua. UnRllsh in. Taylor- Lutlmor-C. t8:)8 Miracli.'M of Catholic ni. aiUi Heed of the Church-Hcota. 4i:iiJ Hf« ri;KSK<:rTlo.N m*<:■ KXTKVMI.N.STION. War of e,, Queen Aniie'». ♦lUOO by I'orseuutlon AlblgeiiNos. 4128 ofHoUilers Nervll Maubi uge. 21.30 H.tt 8I,.\r(linEll. Barbarous H.-6«,ii00("rllia'g'n8.^5180 Kxtorinlnating s. of (lerinans. ♦5181 Authorized by JcHultH. in Battle -Asians. " " -100,(K)0 lit Fontonay. in.\NI ER. Crofti^-reftTCjH.'e. Absolute m. of gladiators. Sie UI'I.KU in tar. IflATERIAMSra. Corrected, Ilen.l. Kriiiikllii'H. (^roBrt-refi'rcnce. Conscience Hubservlciit to m. ItlATEHlVITY. Miraculous in. -Wife of .Ins. II. Passion of ra. -Indian Hcjiiaw. See MOTIIEK in Inr. IVIATIIEinATICS. Accuracy in m Kgyptlans. Defloloncy in in. -S.Americana. Genius for m.-Z. Colburn. Precocity in m.-Z. Colburn. 1083 308 930 103 ♦3587 1118 ♦,3!528 ♦3529 o530 ♦.3531 ♦35;i3 Ml.scellaiK'dU^ cross-references. Diversion of mind Napoleon. Genius for m. -Blaise Pascal. -C'Kisar. Precocity in m. -James Watt. ISATRICIDE. MIsc'i^lhuuMiuB cry riiilci DlnpiirHKoil liiiioiilwmonluiiN. lloreilltHry m. KumI liiilliiii, I'atrtotlmn of m. Ihmton, '7-1. I'hiltt., 74. -Civil W»r K. " " " -Appruiitliioii. I'ra(!tlcal m. -JunutH VV'ult. ThkIo for ni. hiiiK) Newton. WiiKiiil of m IHtli (!uiiliiry. Mlnccllkfipmiii crnmi'n'fi-rciici-H. I)i'|H>nil(>ii('. IVIBDDI.IIVn. i)eHtniotlon Ity Mood by m. ' Keprovcd-Blshop lluniet. •»fKI») •;«v!i7 ♦aKW ♦.VJJU •.r.Kt •8,MI ♦Mftia *8M.l •8W.| I5ni aftST a;i-,'H (Mil mm ♦!B1 IN- *8MS *3JM6 Mlncoll&neou« cr()»«-ri!fercncei. In Famlllog-KnKland. 445H MlMithlof by m. IVJOO Well-meant m. -Hurtful. Sftli Hue INTKUKKKi;.\('K. of Noylce-Bp. Hurnot. 8Mfi Political l.reH'nted-"Mon. doct."!.'0« 8eo TALK HK.MlIXdiH loc. inBDIATION. Peculiar m. of HwedonborK- *38M Mlaccllanoouii crosa-rcferoncea. Ascetlcal m. of monks. 357 (iod revealfd in m.-Ci. Fox. 1714 Life of m. Uaac Newton. 1104 KellKious m. -Samuel Johnson. 17(!0 " needful. 4707 Sabbath m.-.Iohn Fitch. 871 Soe INTKRCKSHOR. of Innoconce-Tlmonr rejects. 18;i7 Life saved by 1 -Deserters. B:W Woman's i. -Queen Phlllppa. 4030 ITIKDICINB. Advance in m.-Kngland. *.3.V)0 Aversion to m.-WashluRton. *.'J5.'5l Discarded m. by Napoleon I. '.STL^y School of m.-Flrst-Salerno. •8.5.53 Miscellaneous croas-rcfcrences. Confidence In m.-Alexander. 1048 DanRsrous m.-Alexander. 6449 See QUACKERY. Bxperlment In q.-Cato. ♦4.587 SuperBtitious q.-KiuR's touch. *4588 See CURE in too. MKCMANK'-MKN. mUUITATION. Peculiar m. of HwiidnnburK. 'ilM-l Ml«rpiliitin(iui* (-rniiii'ri«fMr«iicv>i. AHcetlflal III. of iiiiinkn. fl(V7 Ood riiveuled fii ni (I. H'ox, 1714 l.lfnofin. iNiiHit Nxwton. 1104 Preparation for iiHiifiiliit'HS by m. HI KoUkIous m.-Naniiicl Johmton. 1700 " " nt'i'dful. 4707 Iteveals the real lire. I70U Sabbath ni .loliii KItch. H71 Hoi- TIKlI'fillTKI'I.NKHH. Youthful t. IsaHM Nowton. 0107 Hio CAUTIO.N UMiiiili'rfeilinK.*3fiAA Hi'.. AUK .NT. Ittuored Clurecdon, byJamotll. OH IflKKKNKNN. Christian in. (iodfrey de 1«. ♦3fi60 Mlni'i'lluiit'niin cnim refcranct'i Cbrlstlaii ni. In reproof. Husband's in. Uiimford. Martyr's Ml. Taylor at stake. Pbllosophlc m.- Plato. I'ower of Christian m. In Ueproof-l)r. Taylor. Victory by m. l.ycurnus. ,S.e MII.HNESS. lU-ttmod m. to N Y. mob. Hee NdNKKSlS'lANCK. Christian n.-r.-Prlmitivo. Kvasion of n.r.-S. Johnson. Taught by Tories. 87H7 340;! oru 1314 »%») 4770 8i!04 8046 *3H*i2 ♦asas *3Hii4 Shameful-Chinese Kmperor. 1410 S.p CAI.MNK.'^S unci IIU.MILITY ill Inc. niEIiANOHOLY. (!haracteristlc m. Aboriulnes. *.'i5B7 Depressed by m. -Charles V. ♦.S6.58 Kxcusable m.-Iohn Milton. *3.5.50 Inherited m. ,'^amuel Johnson. *3.50O " '.SSOl Natural " " " *Km Philosophy of m.-Unf 'th'm'ble.*.S.503 UellKlous in.-(ieorKo Fox. ♦8B04 " " -Puritans. *ai>(if, lieststed by Samuel Johnson. *.S.5U0 Itoyal m.-Queen Elizabeth. ♦3607 Mlscelliini'ous croas-rcfercncea. Adversity produces m.-Youii(f. of Bereavement-Jefferson. Death desired in m. Halluoination ofm.-Luther. Marriage relieves m. Misfortune brings m. (t ti li In Old Age-Elizabeth. Uellglous m.-II. D. Gough. " "-Nelson. " " of Cromwell. " " Anabaptists. See SORROW in Uic. 1070 24m 2010 8.500 3480 80.38 35S9 .^507 1170 1180 4718 4710 raitifiKNTOKa. Mlicvllani'iiiia emu ri'fi'rpnm. Atfectloii nourished by m.-HiuiK III In llerravemeiit Priii'loui in. S. Ill ITIKIVIOIIIAIi. MlmTlliiti(-74 Patrioi .. Lincoln." •M.57.5 Trained m.-A. Lincoln. ♦3.578 Mlacelliineoua croanrefereiicea. In Ago-Cato. I aft of Bereavement-Wordsworth. .50(7 Improved m. of names-J'hnsoii.377S of Names-Themistooles. 431.5 Pleasing in. of mother. 8103 Unappreciated -ThemNtocles. SUM See RKMEMHRANCK. Painful r. revived. 804.5 See REMINISCENCK. Frequent r.-A. Lincoln. ♦8878 See FOROETKULNKSS in lor. ITIEN. Angello m.-Swedenborg. vs. Animals.-Napoleon I. Oreatm., Courting. " " Periods of. " " Providential. Imaginary m. of America. Large m., Brigade of. Misplaced-James II.-Raleigta, Self-made m.-William Pitt. Similarity In m.-Babes. ♦8677 ♦3fi78 ♦3.579 ♦;158(> ♦a58i ♦3588 ♦3.583 ♦.3584 ♦3586 ♦3586 ♦.1587 TIElflENTO. (.'roR8-referonce. Exasperating m. of Injury. 4861 MIscclIaneoua croas-refercneea. Bom to rule-Englishmen. lOS Contemptible m. -Do-nothing k.2910 Diversity In ra.-JamesII and K.3903 Equality of m.-Levellers. 1002,10ft3 " " " -Gnostics. 1001 Interested in m.-Travellers. B687 MIsjudged-Indlans by English. 585 Monster-Headless m.-AfrloanB.8788 MEN-MINI). 'itMir Old m., iulotdfl of. 1410 i^UHlliy of m. rxhitillod. an 111 HMir-u " "Nero. 1UH7 1*17 II II II lilAU " " -Timour. 1837 II 11 t» liKIH Hi'K MAM In toe. RIKIN ^UlilAT). CourtliiK It. 111. ♦,W0 J 'erloilM of K. ni. •;if>H() 'ruTtdentlttl. •SflHl II *llfiNit Mlnci'lluiii'cni* crimM rcfercnci'ii. Culnoldunou UoiiiiiIuh andT. 007 I)liitionorud-c;oUtiulitiM. 1648 -Ad. Hlttke. 16ri7 KxumpleofK' m.-Convorwitlon.llTO Ovei-priiUud-l'ompey. WTO WeitknuHH of K' m.-D'inof* n'd.BUM Hi'B AUK (11 !"■ . RIRItCIIANTS. MIhccIIuik'iiiih crimn rrriTi'iicoa. Enterprise of ni.-.Iolin Cabot. 081 Patrlotlum of m.-Honton Rev. COS 8e« BUHINKHS. (.'(IM.MKKCK and TKADK in loc. muitcY. Provision for in. A. Lincoln. ♦3588 Mlscellaneoiiii croMtrvferenci.'a. AtfeottoQ without mercy. Despised by Jeffreys. Lack of m.-Old England. Odious tn. of James U. PleadInK for m. -Calais. See I'lTV in loc. in BRIT. Erldence of m.-Promotlon. Force of m.-Poet Terence. Iicnoranoe of m. -Saracens. Nobility by m. -Napoleon I. Partial m. -Samuel Johnson. Promotion by m. -Anglo-Sax. Supremacy of m.-Napoleon I. :««8 auor 4ii:ja •a589 ♦;i6uo ♦3591 ♦3592 ♦3.'-.93 ♦3594 ♦3595 Miscellaneous cross references. Ts. Adulation-Athenians. 5337 Borrowed m. obarKod-Kapbacl. 445 Combined m. of Raphael. 446 Crown of m.-Romana. 1325 EmoouraKement to m. -Crown. 1324 Honors without m. 3903 " form.-" Win spurs." 2030 Less than money. 36T1 Ifedioore m. despise! by Shelley. 197 T8. Herlt-Moez. 3674 Nobility of m.-Sentlmental. 1917 Oviirlookud John Adainii. I'lUMioiited by liifuriorit I'ruciMlunce of in , Hnmll. I'romiitUin by m. croniwnll. Hpartmm. ItiKtoiriiltliin of m. by 'I'lmour. l(MMp«(a for Ml. School. Uiiwnrdud vn. Kaiik. Koyalty of m. Cruiiiwi'll. of Hnlnts-TriiMMffrrrd by pop« Huucimo by tii. "Win IiIn npiirii. " " " A. JollllNOII. Ti'xt iif in I'Muhf ('HrboruN. Wumuii, l''uiir perfect. Hi'f (KKIIlNKHH. ofOod, InlliiltoK (IrualneNi) of tf. ('. dn' Mndlcl. I.Hstlnic K'ory of A^e'illaiiN. UeHpecti'd-Jobn th« (Jood. Mir WoKTII. Moral w.-LoiiIh IX. 4)114 2055 4;i«N 4512 IHW2 i;«i7 1H1I1 51 lit) 2320 Til 'ir.00 Mill ;i.'i;iH wno 1121 24 m 2:i«.'l 2(118 ♦«17() Kmlni'iicn by w. II. Wllmin. 18(18 Work brInuH w. Oxen. (IIM 8eu DISl'INcriiiN uihI (IKNII'M III (,«■. ITIKNMKMIJKK. MIhCI'IIiII »» ITIiKK rcflTlllCI'S. of Alarm-I'aul Uevern. 5881 " I'eacfl resptictdd- Peace pipe. 4(KI2 Swift ni.-VVolsey for Henry VII.IH1I5 UiilnstrudtiMl yet liiNtructlve. ■12 .Si'u AMHAS.^ADOII. Ridiculous. a.-V'oltulru to Kred Htran^e a. -Joan of Are. See AMn.\HSA!)!»US. Bribed by Philip of Maeedon. rriKTAPHYNICN. Contempt for m.- Napoleon I. ♦3590 II. 4 28U;l 071 ('roBH-refereiico. Bewlldorlnif m.-Infldellty. 2880 See MIND in Inc. ITIBTHOD. Life regulated by m.-J. W'Hley.*3597 See HY.STKM. LlrluK by s.-Alfred the Qroat. ♦5500 In Bonevolenoe-J. Wesley. -Old England. " " -John Howard Sec I'I,AN. Life without a p. -Milton. " with a grand p. -Milton. inETHODi$iin. MIscellnneouHcroiis-refereiices. Persecution of m. In Enuland. " " " " Ireland. Freedom of dlsciissrn-fVnf'r'nce. 705 jniOHT. Mlscellaneoim cross-referenceii. makes Rlght-lncllans robbed II " -PcdoHtrlnns. RIII.DNES8. Cross-reference. Ill-timed m.-New York mob. See GENTLENESS and LENITY tn loc. miND. vs. Body-Columbus. •3598 " " -Wm. P. of Orange. ♦SSOO .549 4295 30.50 2107 191 008 702 4.').'11 B355 3646 KiitArtaiiiinriit of in. at iiii'ali.*iM(i«i liillrnilili'M of Ml., I'lilveraal. *3«K)I surriiiiiiillngniir in cr mw'll. *n(Mtl rndeveliiped ( iiiiiil ry iiifii. •JWO.'l I'liillMtiirbi'il by aiixlfty, •;iiioi Ve,'«Htlllty of in. <^leen Kllx •:H10.-> MliKellitn»iiiiii rrnas rrfereneet. AtNenee of III il (loldiiinlth. IW9 AliHorlied by Himly Shelley. \n AliHtraellon of in . ,\rt In W. H. 19 -KIlinitiTH by Newtoll 20 -DaiiKeroun A. Ul Aiihleveinent of ■ i , llrllllaiit. IN7I Aellvlly of ni. b .>lil age. loio Agitated by rellgluii I'ox. 3504 Agony of ni. JoNi>p|i|tifl. liiUii AITei'tM the body (lark. 1181 AiigiilHh of in. Niip. at Wat'rioo ,1817 Art of (Miiitiiilllng m. Sadnesii. Km ANcenileiiiy nl' in. Clyril/.atlon. ,^785 Complex aetliin of ni. Nap. 1,575 Ciinfiiiieil by a trl(k-"Ilutton." 11» Dejt^eteil William I'ltt. 1515 Diet afrectH ni Malmmet. 3180 DlHpliiy of power" .leffernon. 8.'!05 DIverMlcin of m.-liealM inelauidi. 3501 Diverted by anuiHement. 5|.'iy Dillni'NH I'Vereoine by Htudy. 1770 " of m. I'V'gles. 2105 " '• " In boyhood. (Mo Kmployment of ni., Noble-Nap. ,'1820 Ked Ilody unfed. 3791 Food makes Ineiinallty In m, 4000 Harmonious tn., Milton's. 21110 vs. Murals Axpasla. Morbid m. of llenj. Abbott. " " " ('onstans. Phenomena of m., Mysterloos I2.')(l 1 109 1108 3761 3702 ,'1707 1014 1008 1045 1013 1,574 Polish VH. Morality. Preparation of m. .Milton. Presence of m. In battle. " " "-Margaret. Rea,'tlon of m. on body. Reviewed in a diary. Superior to surroundings B'rns.lOto Superiority of m. -Sculptor. .50,56 Supremacy of in. -Body- Nap. IIIKJ Triumph of m. -Roger Bacon. 097 See AIISTKACTION. Art of a.-' Wali-tcottt button." ♦lO Blunders by a. -Newton. ^20 Dangerous a.- Archimedes. ^21 Absence of mlnd-Ooldsmlth. Aroused from u. -Johnson. Philosopher's a.-Archlmedes. Youthful a. by study-Newton. Study of-Pascal. See IMUECILITY. Intemperance produces I. OfUclal I. -Invasion of Canada Ridicule of natural I. See METAPHYSICS. Contempt for m.-Nap. L 009 2310 1005 2100 2384 8916 20'.'5 1500 ♦3500 Bewildering efifeot of m.-Infldel.8826 See PRECOCITY. Remarkable p.-James Watt. *4402 " -Alex. Pope. ^4403 888 MINISTER— MISSIONS. MtBcelUneoun croH»-rcfcr» c.-s. Educational p.-S. JohiiBun. lHir> of GeniUR-Wllllam C. Bryant. 2.3^ Juvenile p. of Tbeinlgtocle» ais In Mathematics. 3533 " " -Colburn. 3533 Remarkable p.-Johnson-3 years. 70.1 Youthful p. of B. Franklin. 636 See OKNIDS, IMAdlHATION, MEMORY utirt THOUailT in loc. nilNISTER. MlBCcUiineuua crons-references. Conversion from vice. 8361 DIsKulsed-John Buuyan. - 1660 Faithful m. commended. saoii " words of m. 3437 Ilospltality to m.-IIeartless. 2640 Illiterate m.-Eloquent. 4389 Immoral m. -Swearing. 3708 Invention of m. -Power-loom. 2971 Marriages by m. -Cheap, 6000 p. 3438 Obedience of m. -Hopeless. 3845 " " -Dream-BanK8.3840 Patience of m. tried. 40a3 In Politics- Rev. John Ball. 4520 Poverty of m. -Luther. 4340 Reproof by m.-Anger. 2640 Unscrupulous m.-.I. Swift. 4016 nilMSTERS. Constrained-Mahomet. *3607 Discreet m.-Pagans. *3608 Salaries of m.-£50 to £72. ♦3G09 ' -Tobacco. *3610 Wives of m.-Dutles. ♦3611 Work of m., Lay. *3612 Miscellaneous cross-references. Bigoted m. -Country parsons. 2707 ■Discouragements of m.-M'hm't.ie30 Fear of ridicule-England. 4410 Hardships of early m. 1149 of Idolatrous.w'rshlp. -Brahmin. 2705 Poverty,Beuev"le:\ce of m. with.434e miNISTRY. Call to m. by a text. " " " -Throe tests. Early m.-Rlchard Watson. *3813 *3614 *3«]5 Expelled from-Ilev. S. J'hn8'n.*3610 Miscellaneous cross-references. Activity lu the m.-Bp. Coke. Call to the m.-Mother's-A. J. Discouragement at beginning. '• In the m. Education for m., Benevolent. Embarrassed by caste.-A. Burr. 1570 3790 264 4234 1804 856 Faithful m.-"Hear me athome."87Ji Heavenly m.-Rev. J. Tunnell. 2398 Hindrance to m. -Dress. 1737 Independence of m.-M'th'd'st8.2787 airimst Intemperance. Itinerant m., Methodist. Laborious m.-John Wesley. Open to all m. -Puritans. Opposed by persecution. Privations In the m. 8918 3001 3116 4390 4121 4472 " " " " 5000 Rejected by unappreciatlve p. 875 Ridlculed-Puritan laymen. 4391 Salary of m. -400 3ermon8-|4. 5000 Secularized vs. Spiritual. Timidity embarrasses m. " " M'K. Travelling m.-Whltefleld. Uneducated m. -Banyan. Zeal In m.-John Wesley. -George Whltofleld. See Al'DIENrE. Necessary for great oratory. Speaker impressed by a. See CONORECIATIONS. Large o. of John Wesley. See HtAKKKS. Unappreciatlve h., .lohnson's. .See IIEAIUNO. Released from h -Cngr'gation. 489.1 1800 2083 2089 1883 6281 6816 8052 48SS *10«6 *3538 *2533 Determined on a h. -Luther. 2.57 Prevented by appetito-Cato. 266 See I'ULl'lT. Conservatism of p.-I'olitics. *4502 Controlled by James II. *4503 See CLEIJUY and SEllMONiH luc. ]?IIIVORITY. Power of m.-James II. " " " -Cromwell. Presumptuous m.-Politlcs. *3617 ♦3618 ♦361 9 Miscellaneous cms; -reference. Rule of m. attompltd-Jas. II. 2427 miElACIiE. Fraudulent m -Weeping Virgin*3020 Miscellaneous cross-references. Apparent m. -Walls fall. Constructive m.-Wm. P. of O. Contempt for false m. Failure of expected m. Popular m. -Coincidence by Saints only, of Superstition-Persian. -" King's Evil." Supposed m.-Joan of Arc. iniRACIiES. False m.-Delphic priests. " " Mahomet's 5824 4555 3.588 2087 9C5 5704 1285 1380 2895 by Martjrrs-Cathollc. Modern m. -Blaise Pascal's. Monkish m.-Legendary. See SUPERNATURAL. Credulity concerning the s. " of West Indians. See INSPIRATION in loc. ♦3621 *36S8 *3683 ♦3684 *3625 *36a6 3907 6143 miRTH. Til-timed m. of O. I'romwell. 'SOa? See IIuMOR in luc. mis A NTHROPIST. Cross-reference. Predictions of m., Gloomy. 5386 iniSER. Miscellaneous cross-references. Changed by prayer. 4386 Misery of m. by S Johnson. 426 See PARSIMONY. Costly p. of James II. •4008 Degrading p. of Frederick 11. Reputation for p., False. 4597 1764 iniHERV. Miscellaneous eru^a-rercrenccs. Delight in m. of others-Jeffreys.asst Infliction of m. -Arcadia. 44S Reaction of m. on oppressors. 6787 Royal ra.-Con.siantlnople. «)M9 " " -Stuarts. 4961 Splendid m.-Rnman Emp. 2023 See HUFFKUINO in loc. miSFORTUNE. Boru to m.-Charles I. *8fl28 Cruelty with m.-Am. Indians. *3629 Fellowship in m.-L. Bon'p'rte.*86S0 Ovorruled-OIiver Goldsmith. •8631 Miscellaneous crossreferenCBB. Business m. overruled. 2060 Comfort in m. -Mahomet lives. 1598 Courled-Baitle of Fr'd'ck8b'rg.5360 Exasperation in m. feared. Greatness In m. -Cornelia. " shown in m.-Ctesar. Heedlessness brings m. Insulted in m.-James II. Interpreted by conscience. Mitigated by courtesy. Muitlplied-Melancholy by m. National m. -Armada fails. Overwhelmed, Suddenly-A. Reversed by tact -Slave. Solace In m.. Music a. Wealth by others' m.-Crassus. imSFORTVNES. Effect of m.-Pred. the Great 1267 6078 1491 2540 8005 1100 12"J0 355'! 8088 3106 38 3748 683 •3633 Cross-reference. Multiplied m.. Melancholy by. 8659 See THE UNFORTUNATE. Cross-reftrence. Banishment for the u. 2818 See ACCIDENT. ADVERSITY, BEREAVEMENT and CA- LAMITY in loc. mssioN. In Life-Wm. P. of Orange. •3633 Mlsjudged-Louis Philippe. •3684 iniSSIONARIES. Discoveries by m.-Cathollo. •3635 Heroism of Jesuit m. •3636 Zealous m.-Si. Patrick. •3637 Miscellaneous cross-references. Cosmopolltaa m. -Jesuits. 3013 of Cruelty-Spanish priests. 2861 Heroism of Jesuits. 3508 miSSIONART. False m.-Cortez. •3638 Miscellaneous cross-referencea. IntenUonal m.-Dr. Coke. " " -Columbus. Revengeful m.-Mahomet. Unsuccessful m.-Wesley 530 841 6151 1468 1183 inissioivs. by Conquest a failure. •8639 Destroyed in Japan. •3640 and Science-Columbus. •8641 Successful in Japan. •3643 MISTAKE-MONEY. to be Su8talned-M. B. Cox. Zeal for in.-Tliomus Cuke. ♦3648 ♦3644 3013 2861 3506 raess 530 841 16151 1 1468 |ll23 13640 13641 13643 Miscclluiieoua cio.i.trpferoric«. Provldeuue in m. In Africa. 46M MISTAKE. EncuuriiK in.-C'olmnbus. ^3645 Set! KKKOK //( loo. miSTKKSS. MlscelluiiL'iiiiH iToMsrofLTCnces. Charms of m.-King John. 3018 " " Catli. Si;dley.-Jas.II.a842 Fasolnatiog m.-C. Sedley-J.II. 5054 Ueartlens m.-Cleopatra. 43d7 Infatuating churmB of m.-P. 3819 " m.-Mary Stuart. 3343 Tyranny over Milo tlie athlete. 5900 VVlfo wroMjted by m. 1133 Kee COUKTKSAN m ho. inoB. Mlscelliincoiis eiciaa-referencos. Audacity of Paris m.-Revolutlon.658 Calmness amid the m.-Wesley. 698 of Fanutics controlled by dem. 40 Hostility of m.-Wesley. 702 AUstaken-Cinna put to death. 373 Terrifying m.-New York draft. 3046 See RIOT III luc. MOCKERY. Mlacelluneous crosa-referi'iices. of Agony of martyrs. 1358 " Estortioner-Ruflnus. 487 " ReliKlon-Emperor Michael. 4723 Taunt of women-Influence of. 2504 See RIUKTLE in luo. MODERATION. CroHs-rt't'ercnce. in Victory-General Grant. 5825 See CONSKUVATISM in loo. MODli:STV. Consplcuous-Benj. Franklin, of Qenlus-Isaac Newton. 2Iero's m. -Garibaldi. Unopposed- John Howard. ♦3647 ♦3048 ♦3049 ♦3650 MlsccUaneoua cross-references. Blushing young man hated. 0178 of Genlus-Soorates. 3.')03 Heroic m. of Charles XII. 1970 Importance of m.-Cato and M. 107 Noble m. of Isaac Newton. 1031 Ste I'RUUERY. Puritanic p -Statuary. 330 See HUMILITY in loo. MONEY. Affection shown by m. Changed value of m. Corrupted by m.-Government Dangers of m.-Spartans. Debased with iron. Declined by Pope-Pension. Depreciated-Clipped. " -Continental m Dlsregarded-S. Adams. Earning m., Lincoln's first. Expensive m.-Obnoxious-C. I. Love of m.-Jews. ♦3G51 ♦3058 *3C53 ♦3654 ♦3655 ♦3050 ♦3657 ♦3058 ♦3659 ♦3060 ♦3-'O . 072 1049 1.007 51K! 2;«I0 2403 5879 4881 .liC41 4409 ♦449 ♦4.50 Injustice to b. -Charles II. 2892 Patriotic b.-R. Morris. .3059 Prejudice against Jewish. 449 .See BLACKMAIL. Contribution justified. 2008 See CAPITAL. Conservative o.-Clcero. ♦709 a C^rime-Jews. ♦i * Spiritual c. in Indulgences. ♦711 vs. Labor-English weavers. •SeeCAI'ITALISTS. Extortionate e.-Jews. Nation of c.-Jews. .See COIN'. Clipped in England-Money d. 3091^ ♦712 ♦713 ♦904 710 Clipping of c. punlshed-Ed. I, See CURRENCY. In Salt-Abyssinlans. ♦1384 See MISER. Changed by prayer. 4.386 Misery of m. by S. Johnson. 425 890 MONK— MOTHER. See PARSIMONY. Costly p. of James II. *4008 DeKradlnfc p. of Frederick II. 4.''>S)T Reputation for p., False. 1704 See SIMONY. Disgraceful s of \Vm. Penn. OT5 Bale of popedum. 1208 Sue USUKY. Inevltable-Kome. *6757 Law of u.-Komans. ♦5768 -Lucallus. *5759 Laws against a. in England. *57UO See BKUJE, ECONOMY, EXTOR- TION, FINANCE, OULU and WAGES in loc. inONK. CroBsrcfereDce. Bold deed of m.-TeIemaohns-G.835 mONKERY. Barly progress of ra.-Popular.*3683 Origin of m.-Body subdued. *3{i8l Success of m.-4th century. ♦3685 inoNKs. Artistic Engllsli m. Wealthy m. of Italy. ♦3686 ♦3687 Miscellaneous cross-references. 397 500 3768 3315 1625 3847 Austerity of Egyptian m. Beggary promoted by m. Fanaticism of m. Literature preserved by m. Military m. -Templars. Obedience of ra. Popularity of m.-9th century. 3171 Remarkable fanaticism-Pillar S.501;;3 Surviving their usefulness. 5756 IVIOIVOinAlVIAC. Rashness of m.-John Brown. ♦3688 See INFATUATION and INSANITY in loc. inONOPOIilES. Enoouras'Hi -diaries I. Unpatriotic-Oliver Cromwell. mONOPOLY. Abolished-Land m. Commercial m. by Charles II. English Col. vs. Conscience-Peter Cooper. Ksasperating m.-Charles I. and Famine-Rome. Land m.-Plymouth Colony, of Manufactures-England. " " -Dutch. Powers of m. In United States. Resisted Governmental. *3689 ♦3690 ♦3691 ♦3692 ♦3693 ♦3694 ♦3695 ♦3696 •3697 ♦.3698 ♦.3699 ♦3700 ♦3701 ♦3702 Miscellaneous cross-references. In Bibles-England. 576 " Houses-Marcus Crassus. 683 " Manufactures-English. 3485 Newspaper m.-Charles II. 3814 Ruinous m. -Roman Empire. 4956 Women against m.-Soap. 6131 mONSTBR (Moral.) Miscellaneous cross-references. Moral m.-Alexander. 1456 " "-Caligula. 1352 Moral m.-Caracalla. " "-Catiline. " "-Constantine V. " "-Napoleon. "-Nero. '-Tlmour. 1333 1805 1.162 1589 11«7 1347 1369 1337 1368 mONVlTIENT. Mlscell.iiii-'uii- criwH-ri'lerences. of Affection-Husband's m. 0061 Architectural m.-St. Peter's. 4560 In Architecture-Pericles. 1709 " Burial concealed-River-bed. 087 Declined by John Howard. 4378 In Deed8-Justinian-Juri8prud'nce.4 Deserved m.-Joim Cabot. 991 Ghastly m. -£0,000 Heads. .WSO Removal of m. Ingenious. 2846 Ridiculous m., C .^nstantine's. 5780 of Vengeance-Nemesis. 5792 See MEMORIAL in loc. moons. Reaction of m.-\\'ui. Cowper. ♦3703 See DISI'()S1TU).N in luc. mORALITV. Conventional m. -Shelley's f. ♦3704 Denied-Romar C. in England. ^3705 Philosophic m. of Socrates. ♦3706 Preserves the State-Rome. ^3709 " +3710 vs. Refinement-Rome. *3707 Shallow m.-Clcrical. ♦3708 Miscellaneous cross-references. in Army of Cromwell. 5251 Conspicuous m.of business men. 691 Decline In English m. 2994 Destruction of public m. 4618 Deterioration of Roman m. 2065 Devotion without m. 2732 Doubtful m. of slavery-Cortez 1106 Indifferent to m.-El!zabeth. 1,596 Low standard of m .-Bribery. 669 In Motive-Samuel Johnson. 3734 Needful for liberty. 3223 " to the State-Censor. 747 " " " -Romans. 428 Object of Persian religion. 4709 Perfection of pagan m. 4730 Preserved in army-Gus. XII. 4174 " " convents. 11C9 Promoted in benevolence. 4163 Reasonable m. of Christianity. 2830 Rejected by art-Debauched R. 103 Religion the fountaln-R. 2370 vs. Religion of Artasires. 4724 Standard of political m. 4245 Training in m.-Persian youth. 1771 Undermined by false phirs'phy.1713 " Jesuits. 1105 Unmerltorlousm. -Monks. 1169 See VIRTUE. False v.-Wife of Constantine. ♦5838 Political v.-Lord Rochester. ^5839 Protection of v.-Romans. ^5840 Public v.-Emperor Pertinax. ♦,5841 Severity In v. -Stoics. ♦5842 Superior v.-Phoclon. ♦5843 Uncertain, Natural v. ♦5844 Austerity in stoical v. in Conservatism-Halifax. Conspicuous v.-Canute. bj Contention-Spartans. Distrusted by the vicious. False V. of Messaiinu. " view of V. -Cynics, by Industry-Roman army. Influence of example. Life prol(jnged by v. Lost- Suicide of Lucretia. Needful for republican gov't. Overcome by sirategem. Pleasure endangers v. Popularity lost by v.-Vane. Practical v. of T. Jefferson. Punished In Valeria. Restraint of v.-War. Reward of v.-Self-applau?p. Shocked, False v -Peter 111. above Susplcion-Cicsar's wife. Vicious v.-Patrioiism-Scots. Woman's v.-Roman. See VIRTUES. MIsceD.ineous crossreferonccs. Excess in heroic-Charles XII. Imaglmary v. of ancestors Mixed with vices-Alexandt r. See CHARACTER and CON- SCIENCE in loc. 5842 1132 3061 8522 3412 6064 5077 2818 3595 3714 6786 2456 2276 4198 4313 5371 4800 4004 324» 600» 1942 4076 5840 1970 1334 1678 MORALS. by Chastisement-Ed. Rich. Degraded-Aristocracy-Aust. Examined-OfBciaLs-Athens. Exceptlonal-N E. Colonies. Ground of m.. Diverse. Importance of m. inPolItlcs. Rule in m.-Thales'. mOKTALITY. Remembered before battle. ♦3711 ♦3712 ♦3718 ♦3714 ♦3715 ♦3710 ♦3717 ♦371» Miscellaneous cross-references. Religion basis of m. 5748 Reminded of m.-Pliilip. 1112 Sec DEATH in toe. raORTIFIOATION. by Failure-Cast leniaine. ♦8719 Hateful m.-James II. ^3720 Miscellaneous crn.'ssreferonces. of Defeat-Montcalm. 1494 by " -Horace Greeley. 4281 In Disappointment-Henry III. 1911 of Prlde-Ollver Goldsmith's. 2268 u .. .4 .. 4453 " " " " 4455 See DISGRACE and HUMILIATION in loc. niOTllER. Honored, Nero's m. Humiliating m. -Byron's. Influence of m on Francis I. Patriotic m. -Spartan. " " -S. Houston's. Power of m. -Napoleon's. Pride of m.-Comelia. Revenged m.-Mrs. Dustln. ♦3721 ♦3728 ♦3723 ♦3724 ♦3725 ♦3720 ♦3727 ♦8728 ♦878» MOTHEH-INLAW— MURDEUEll. 5842 113S 3061 2522 3412 6064 5677 2812 3595 3714 5786 2455 2276 4198 4313 5371 4800 4004 3249^ 6009- 1942 4076 5840 1970 1334 1673 5748 1112 '.a. 1404 4281 :.' 1911 2263 4453 4455. .TION liuling m.-Emp. Alexander's. *3730 Sorrowful m. -Indian's o'ptlve. ♦3731 891 MiBccllaiioous crosa-rcforencca. Affection ofm.outr'ged by Ind'a. 118 Ambition of in. ({ratlfled-Mero. 8721 Ambitious m. of Noro. luti Anxiety for son-Wordsworth 's.l 608 As:4asslnated by Nero. 1110 Astounded-Matrlolde. 3743 Beloved after death-Mrs, C wp'r. 1 10 -W. Scott's. Ill Bereaved of a m.-Sertorius. 113 " m. consoled. 6072 Cares of m.-SalUe Ward. 2844 Claims of ra., Superior. 1705 Cruel m.-Irene the mother of L. 180 Cruelty to m.-Caracalla. 1006 Devoted to children-Luther's. 1880 " child-Indian. DiscernlnK m. -Goldsmith's. Dream of m.-Ed. Itich. Glad m. of Washington. Honored in children. " by son-TheodorIc " -Confucius. Hopes defeated-Miuistry. Independent ra. of W. Longing; to see his mother P. a529 2301 .3180 6208 0059 2067 5259 3796 6054 115 Love of m., Superior- W. P'nn's.3970 " " " -forgiving. 1273 Makes the son. 2066 " " man-J. Qulncy. 3287 " -Nero's. 1347 Memory of m.-Pleaslng. 2103 Neglectful m.-Nursln^. 1193 Outraged by cruelty to infant. 118 Patriotic m. of Pausanius. 5075 Prayers of a m.-Cartwrlght's. 1083 " "" -Henry Boehm. 1086 Precedence of m. -Napoleon I. 4950 Regard for m , Cromwell's. ^'470 " " tears of m. 4868 Reproach of m.-Little King. 1272 Restrained gently-Alexander's. 114 Shameless m.-Loulsa Maria. 2066 " " Agrippina. 4.369 " " -Queen of Spain. 5125 Teacher of children. 1~89 Tears of a m.-C. Marcius's m. 6101 " " " " -Alexander's. 114 Vengeance of m.-H. Dustin. 5790 Wise m. of J. Wesley. 358 Sec PARENTS in loc. nioriiER-iN.i,AW. Hostility to ni.in-l.-Mlltou's d.*3732 mOTHERS. Cruelty of Spartan m. State needs good m.-Nap. See STEP-MOTHER. Power of s.-m. -Murder. See MATERNITY and MATRICIDE in loc. inOTION. Crossrefcrencc. Perpetual m.-Arkwright. 5168 raOTIVE. Mtacellaneou9 cross-references. Disguised in gov't. 3145 Quality determined by m. 3510 1350 3727 4188 Higher m.-Kelitrioiis. Morality in m.-S. Johnson. *3783 ♦3734 Miscellaneous cross .eferoiices. Conflicting m.-Piety-Keverence.870 Good m. defeated by bad th'orrs.iWl Mixed m. in bene volencu-J'hns'n. 521 mOUNTAIN. .Mlscelhuicniis eross-rcftTonccs, DlfBculr pn.3sage tif m.-'nmour.l579 Rebuked by Xerxiis. 1028 inOVNTAINS. Beneflt of m.-Afiica. ♦3735 3225 Cross-reference. Liberty among the m. raOVRNING. in Bereavement, (Jiadcd. ♦,3730 National m.-Deai li uf Lincoln. ♦37.37 Respectful m. -Death of Wash.^3738 Shameful t. Emp. Vltellius. ;J870 See WAILlNd. Remedy lor the sick Aby.ssin'na.4759 Sec ADVERSITY, HEREAVE.MENT anil srKFERI\(i in luc. iuvltitlde:. Fickleness of m. (). Cioin well. ♦3789 Unreasoning m. -Sheep. •3740 Sei' ASSEMIilJES. Interdlcted-Rf'ligious-Eng. *375 See ASSE.MliI,Y. Immense-Centennial year, 1876.4084 " -80,000 p.-Colosseum. 081 Popular a. opposed. 2152 Unwicldy-80 000 priests. See MASSES :in(l Nl'.MBERS in loc. inilRDEU. Atrocious m.-I'aiiiieulo. of Innocents-Richard III. ♦3741 ♦3742 Cross-reference. Excessive m.- Feasting B'rb'rrns.688 See URIEF. Conjugal g.-Thos. Jefferson. ♦2486 Fatal g.-Artaxerxes. ♦2487 Public g.-Fall of Jerusalem. *2488 Abstinence in g.-Wifo of James.OOtiS of Affection-Daniel Webster. 501 Aged by g.-Androw Jackson. 1C5 Angered by g.-Caracalla. 1090 " at g.-Carabyscs. 2881 False cure for g.-Promotlon. 2903 Fatal g. of Jamen V. of Scotland. 300 " "-Dying for Ic ,?. " "-Sudden g.-Dr. Mott. Heart broken by g. -Henry .'I. " " " " -I'errone',. Madness of g.-Alexander. Overcome by g -Josephine, of Separation-Nap's friends. Silence of g.-Napoleon I. Solitude for g -Confucius. See REMORSE. of Persecutors-Charles IX. Royal r.-Edward IV. for Forgery-De Divioi Sudden r. for raurder- Alex. " " Ex'n Joan of Arc. See SORROW, a Living s.-Bad son. Sentimental s.-Xerxes. 3319 3810 4005 , 25,34 1-128 180!) 715 5140 52.')9 ♦4702 ♦-17G1 2192 I 1744 I 4021 4137 ♦.5267 ♦,5208 MiscellaneoiLS croNS-refcrences. Atonement for m.-iMoney. 3273 Diabolical m. of A. Llneoln. 373 Duellist's ni.-A. Uainilton. 1747 Excusable -PerseciiUon. 4122 Government provide funeral-E.310O Indignation at m. of Becket. 3505 Intentional m. -Frederick Wm. 3389 Justifiable ni. by Capt. J. Smith. 80 Justified by Jesuits. 3013 Legal m.- Execution of J. of Arc. 1726 Licensed by legislation. 32"'3 Mania for m.-King Ciimbyses. 2881 " " " -Scotfw nurse. 2882 Murder for m.-Rosamon '. 1292 Passionate m.-Insiitiity-/Esop. 40'^j Preparalion for m.-lieligious. 1107 Reaction against m.-Cie^ar's. 4310 Remorse for passinnate ra. 4021 Revenged by daughter. 6056 Reward for m. -Necklace. 1343 Sliocked by Lincoln's ni.-So'ty.3810 Slow m. of Thos. Overbury. 4226 Vengeance for m.-Mary Stuart. 5784 of Ambltlon-Nap. and Josephine 101 " Bereavement- A. Jackson. 105 Crushed by parental s.-H'nry 11.4005 Mothers' s. -Indian war. 3731 Parental s. -Ruined child. 794 Touching s.-Martyr Taylor. 2073 of Women-Turks. 4356 See TEARS. of Bereavement-Dan. Webster. 561 Fictitious t.-Weeplng virgin. 3620 Fountain of secret t.-Byron. 2535 Power of maternal t. on Alex, 114 Refuge of emotion in t,-Lincoln.557 inURDiCRER. Painful hospitality to a m. Remor-ie of m.-.Mexander. Self-exposed m. -Abbott Smitten of (iod-GodwIn. Wholesale m.-Caracalla. See ASSASSIN. Honnred-Emp. Caraealla. -Bothwell. Married by wife of victim. Motive history names. Religious a. of Henry III. Victim, Mistake of. .See ASSASSINS. Hatred of a.-Cajsar's. Infamous a.-Lincoln's. Religious a. -Persia. 264.5 1744 1080 2490 1000 1123 2188 3437 2052 1107 8204 ♦372 ♦373 ♦3T4 Deceived by Mahomet. 3495 Justified-H. Dustln-Indian's. 372!) Partisan a.-Blue and green. 970 Rebuked by f. honors- Csesar's. 2251 '• -Lincoln'8.22.54 Struggle with a.-PlzaiTo. 1008 Terror of-National panlc-Eng. 398» 892 ML'UDKKKSS— NATION. Svv ASSASSINATION'. Atterapted-Louls Philippe. -Vlotorlii. Consplraoy for a. -British Cab, Dollvcrance by a.-Henry III. Usoape from a-Llnooln. Kear of a.-Cromwell. (ieiieral a. In Ireland. Jiistlfled-Philip of Groeue. I'litrlotio a. of t'ajsar. Peril of a.-Cromwell. Kemurkable a.-Csesar's. •800 ♦801 •862 •303 •804 •305 ♦300 •307 *-m *:m •370 ♦371 Ambition provoked u. of C«sar. 184 Attempted a. by JesuitH. 3000 .3010 1 135 4020 3003 37ia 11.38 494H Cammon-P.elKn of Wm. I. Denounced a. uf ('a3sar. DIsgraco of a. -James II Failure of a.-C'ommodus. by Gov't-Ulchanl III. Ilorrlfled by Cajsar's a. Plot for a. of Elizabeth. Political a.-Duke of Oloucester.aioa Reaction of a. on Henry II. iiu.'i Ilesponslblllty for a. -Henry II. aiMii) Kesort to a. -Nero-Mother. 1317 Reyenfje by a. -J. Hamilton. 4801 Scheme of a. wholesale. 1140 " '■ " -Kosaniond'.*. 67 " " " -Catherine deM.'s.6060 Shocking a. of Ulzzio. 2687 Terror of a.-Emp. Au!;uatus. 3891 Sec INFAN'TICIDE. Common 1. by micKovernment. 8410 Soe MATKIOIDE. Infamous m. by Nero. Seo PARUICIOE. Crime of p. " Impossible." Punishment of p. 3743 1110 ♦4000 ♦4007 Youthful p.-Boys 10 years old. 120.5 See EXECUTION, MASSACUE, POISON and SLAUGHTER it! Inc. miTKDKRESS. Murdered-Agrlpplna. inijsic. Art In m. -Johnson. Condemned-Spartans. Imiiglnary-Dunstan. Love of m.-16th century. Necosslty-Vandals. Opposed to m.-Purltans. Political power of m. Power of m.-Mary Stuart. In Strife-Charles XII. Taste for m. -Italians. Unappreciated-Gen. Grant. Undignifled-Alclblades. ♦3743 ♦3744 ♦3745 ♦3740 ♦3747 ♦3748 ♦3749 ♦3750 ♦3751 ♦3753 ♦37,53 ♦37,54 ♦3765 Miacellaneous cross-references. Charms of m.-SavaRes, 3816 Church m.-Crltlo of. 1304 Devotion to m.-T. Jefferson. 6.371 DltHculty in m. met. 2979 Exhilaration by m. 3753 Fondness for m.-Crom":ell's. 3178 Ignorance, Compensatja. 34 Impre.iilve m. of church ht Inspiration In m.-Wotley-Mohs Laws sunt; to m. Passions corrected by ni. Recreation In m. -Milton. Relief in m. -Martin Luther. Solace in misfortune. Time, Skill requires. Unpleasant m. for rivals. Unappreciated -I'hillp iniTsiciAiv. Mlaet'llaniMius cni.' Building by a.-Clty of Rome. ♦396 See COINCIDENCE. Alarmlnif c. -Gale-Earthquake. ♦965 Comforting ^.-BlbIlcal lesson. ^966 Repeated-Theseus and Rom. *9fi7 Strange c -Death of Adams-J. ♦9()8 " " -II. Miller's app'riti'n^969 Marvellous c.-Martyr. 4130 in Names-Bacon. 3775 Remarkable c.-Mysterious voloe.250 Strange c. -Signals alike. 1154 Sec I'KEMONITION. Accidental p. -Charles I. ♦4410 of Death-Charles V. •4420 " " -Llnco'n's. ♦4481 " " " ♦4422 See MA(ilCftii,l OKA(;i,K in loc. MYSTK^Ism. Methods of m. -Monkery. Knoi Miscellaneous crosa-rcfcrencca. Monkish m.-Aslatlcs. 357 Prevalent m.-Purltans. 8596 IVYTHS. Origin of m.-West Indies. ♦370C NAKEDNESS. Miscellaneous cross-references. Philosopher's n. -Persian. 8.393 Scandalous n. -Fanatic. 8094 " -(Quakers. 8.508 NARIE. Abandoned-Rlddell. Aid of a n. -Alexander. Change of n. -Robert the Devil Detested-Jeffreys. Difference in n. -Unimportant, Falsifled n. -Odious softened. Fearful n -Rlcliaid I. Helpful n.-Wash. Irving. Posthumous n.-Ca'sar. Terrible n.-Gen. Jackson. ♦3704 ♦3705 ♦3706 ♦.•1767 *3,U8 ♦3769 •3770 ♦3771 ♦3773 ♦3773 Miscellaneous cross-references. Exalted by merit-Hi)race. 885 Helpful n.-Call on Solymun. 3563 Power in a n. -Solon. 5019 Scorned-Adopted-Eng. 1900 Trust in a n. -Roman. 1144 Wronged in n. -Columbus. 8054 .See NICKNAME. Affectionate n. -"Little o'rp'ral.4,508 Assumed-" Trimmer." li;« See FA M E hi loc. NAmES. Burdened with n.-the Welsh. Confidence in n.-U. Hacon. High-sounding n. -Chinese. Influence of n.-" King.'' Memorizing n.-S. Johnson. Unimportant-British Navy. ♦3774 ♦3775 ♦3770 ♦3777 ♦3778 ♦3779 Miscellaneous cross-references. Concealed-Titular deities. 1513 Opprobrious n. forbhlden. 1166 See SKiNATUUE. of Ignorance-" Rude mark." ♦.5130 Remarkable s. -Arabs. ♦SIS? 3027 8193 8879 ♦3780 ♦3781 ♦3782 ♦3783 ♦3784 ♦3785 ♦3786 •3787 Forced s. -Warrant signed. Forged official s.-Emperor. Power of s.-Insanity. NATION. Characterized- Am. Indians. Conceited n.-Engiish. Degenerate n., Mohammedan. " " -Moors. " " -Eng., yr. 1756. Heterogeneous n. -Romans. Inconsiderate n. endangered. Prospective n.-New France. NATIONS— NEUVOUSNEHS. 893 •4419 ♦4420 *44«1 1 (Of. *3708 357 8506 a393 a094 350« 225 3562 5019 1900 1144 2054 1513 1166 3627 2193 2879 Hesoued- Prussia at Leutben. Shameful n. -Spain. •3788 •3789 MiHcelluncous cross-references. Bankrupt u. -France. 3667 " -U. 8.. yr. 1780. 8659 Boastful n. -Athenian. 244 Children the hope of the n.-W. 809 Composite character of Am's. 771 DoooWed by one man-T. Oate8.4213 Deneneracy-Proof of-Uruel. 2010 Deicenerate n.-KuK.-Franklln. 1508 " "-EoKllsh. 4979 " "-Hungarians. 1509 " "-Modern Greeks. 1.507 Dependent on one man. 2209 Despondent-Valley Forge. 2308 I)lsoouraKed-Am. Uevolutlon. 1541 DIsunlted-Enif. -French rulers. 726 Divided by antlpathy-Irlsh. 243 " oaste-Ennlish-Irlsh. 727 Dominated by foreigner. 2665 " one mind. 248-J Enlarged by conquests of C. 199 Glory of n.(loparted-P"rtugue8e.2862 Honored by foreigners. 2617 Impoverished-United States. 4345 Indebted to merchants. 981 Inspired by one man. 2560 Lifted by one man-Pitt. 3686 Many misfortunes of Spartans. 95 Mourning, n. In-Llncoln's d. 3737 Obllteraied-Phoenlclans. 985 Prejiidll sroR.M in too. navi<;ation. Undeveloped Uomiin.-*. NAVY. Forraldiibit n.-lnvlmaiilo A. Need of a n. -Peter the Gruat ♦3800 ♦.3801 ♦380a Miscellaneous cross-references. Battle, Floroe-Paul Jones. Demoralized by corruption. Ignorance commanding u. Inmiense-Roman n. Promoted In n.. Favorites. Promotion In n.. Unmerited. Speedily construoted-Cajsar's. See SUM'S in toe. NECES54ITIES. Cro.ss-red'n.'iice. of Life-Lyre-Sponge-Bread. 5,305 1615 2718 21, 58 4187 3895 3l> 3748 NECESSITY. Law of n.-Capt. John Smith. *;J803 .Miscellaneous cross-refereuccs. Development by n. 5795 False plea of n. 1 123 Mother of Inventlon-J. Fitch. 871 " " the useful arts. 3.37 Self-created n. -Tobacco. 2575 See WANT m luc. NECROMANCY. Proof of n.-"Famlliar spirit." ^3804 See MAOIC m loo. NEOIiECT. Mlscellanenus cross-references. Atonement for n.-Posth'raons. 3870 Explalned-Alexander. 4438 Failure by n. -Cable. 2088 of Friend-Anaxagoras. 4778 " Helpers by Thebans. 465 Life lost by n.-Gibbon. 3860 Mortifying to Adams-"Postage.'",35 Responsibility for n.-Llfe. 3160 NEUHO. Blood of n. -Boston massacre. ♦3805 Cross-reference, Preacher,Remark'blen.-"B.II."4889 NEGROES. in War-Am. Colonies. •880« Miscellaneous cross-references. Changing to n.. Fear of. 954 Hatred toward n.-N, Y. mob. 3646 Plot of n.-burn-.V. Y. yr. 1741. 4214 Wealth among n., Seeking, 972 NEIGHROR. Cross-reference, Trespass of n.-Buildlng. 3057 NEPOTISm. Cross-reference. Opposition to n. -Cromwell. 8893 NERVOUSNESS. Eyinced-Samuel Johnson. ♦3807 894 NEUTRALITY— OATHS. Mlncollanenuii croaH-rprcrunoea, in ComposlnK-WMrds worth. 1018 Controlled by Houthey. fii03 HufforinK from n.-ll. Pancul. av-ll NEUTRAL.ITV. Kaforced-LouLs XVI. ♦3808 Nominal n.-Alabumii. ♦8800 Ml8C('ll;ineou9 cronsroforciici'S. Appreciated by Ciusar. 1032 DaiiKorousii.-KellKioiis. 113.5 Evaded-Kxponslvo-England. l.'iO.'i Firmly maintalnod-G'v'rnm'nt.2'iau OCfenslve n. of U. S. 170 Political n.-Infatnoiis-3olon. 1230 NEWS. Fatal n.-Dr. Mott-Mncoln d. ^3810 Writer of n.-devlces, yr. 1709. ♦3811 Mi8ccllanco\is iroHs-referenccH. Diatresacd by bad n. -Lincoln. 847 Good n.-IIaatc-Gold. 1974 Manipulated-Hcrtorius. 1479 Sliockinffn. -Fatal-Unexpected. 1603 NE^VSPAPERS. Colonial Am. n.. yt ^r 1740. ♦3813 Depreoatod by Addison. *3H\3 Primltivan.-EnKll:Ui. ♦3814 Thought directed by n. *3815 Mlscollancoua cross references. Attacks of n.-ij?nored-Lincoln. 1309 Fabulous accounts in n. 1973 Want of n. -Preserve liberty. 3237 See PRES.S in loc. NEW YEAR. C'niss-ri'ference. Reflections, N. Y. -Johnson. 1396 NICKNAME. Miscelhiiu'ous cross-references. Affectionate-"Little Corporal. "4508 Assumed-Trimmer. 1132 NIGHT. Activity at n. -Africans. ♦3810 Desire for n at Waterloo. ♦3817 Stiscellaiieous cro,ss- references. False alarm at disturbance-P. 165 of Terror-London panic. Work-Johnson writes all n. See DARKNE.SS in loc. NOBILITY. of Appcaranoe-Numltor. Uonored-Sthenis-Pompey. Patriotic n.-Sylla. Recognized-Louis I,Y. 398;^ 404 ♦3818 ♦3819 ♦3820 ♦3821 Miscellaneous cross-references. In Abstinence-Alexander. of Ancestry despised-Nap. See AIIISTOCRACV. in Battle-Roman. Expense of a. -Romans. Reaction for a. -Puritans. Ruin of a.-Greeks. 5095 35fln ♦301 ♦302 ♦303 ♦304 Brutal pleasures- Normans. 1332 Rule of a.-Burdensome-Va. 2443 See ROYALTY. Atrocity of r. -Constantinople. ♦4949 Maternal r.-Napoleon I. ♦49B0 Miseries of r.-Stuarta. ♦fiWl Overthrown at Milan. *49.W Rejected Statue of Goo. III. *-nm See DIGNITY and KMINKNL'E in Inr. NON-RESISTANCE. Christian ii.-r.-Prlmltlvo Ch. *3828 Evasion of n.-r.S. Jolmson. ♦3823 Taught by Tories England. ♦3H24 rross-refcrence. Shameful n.-r. C'hinesu. NONSENSE. against Nonsense. 1410 ♦;tt25 Cross-rererence. Preferred to ■wisdom. 2100 See FOLLY iind lU'MOR in loc. NOVELS. Contempt for n. -Napoleon I. ♦3826 Reading n. -Excitement. ♦3827 See RO.MANCE. Origin of the word r. ^4928 In Illstory-Pocahontas. " " -Pretty feet, of Love-Dropped dead. " " for Johnson. Perils of r.-Co'tez a lover. Power In r.-Jane Mact'rca. In Reilglon-Pocahontas. Spirit of r.-Hlchard I. In War-"For (iod and Her." NOVELTY. Cross-reference. Architectural n. -Composite. .See IXNOVATION. Resented-Subjects of Peter. 2674 2583 3.S48 33-19 3353 5108 4743 2460 5929 282 ♦2875 Opposed-Highways. 4414 to l.-S. Johnson. 2511 See ORIGINALITY. in Authorship-Thomas Jefferson.420 " Literature-Cooper. 2743 See INGENUITY aii.l PROGRESS ill loc. NUISANCE. Perpetuated London offal. ^3828 NULLIFICATION. (,'rossrefereiice. Failure of n.-United States. 5329 'C«U1«IBER. Small ii. ridiculed. ^3829 NUMBERS. Disparity of n.-Cortez in Mex.*3830 -Alex. -Xerxes. ^3831 " "-Maxcntius-C. ♦38:12 an Obstacle-Persian Magi. *3833 without Victory-Aglncourt. ♦38*4 Miscellaneous cross-references. Appalled by n. of Darius's army.466 Confldence in n., Vain. 4330 Conquest by n.-Tlmour. 309 Deceptlve-"A11 hog's flesh." 3768 Disdain for n.-Alarlc. 1145 Disparity in n. '• " "-Constantine. " " " disregarded. Fearless of n. -Crusaders at C. Indtfferenoo to n. -Cromwell. Less than position. (Quality more than n. Weakness In n.-Aglncourt. See MINORITY. Power of m. -James II. " " " -Cromwell. Presumption of m. -Politics. ♦3017 ♦3618 ♦3010 Uulo by m. attompted-Jas. II. 2427 See ONE. Encouragement by o. -Battle. ♦SOOO Power of o.-chrlstian. ♦3910 Deliverance of England by o. 2187 Dependence on one man. 2340 Nation uplifted by one man. 2424 3580 See MAJORITY, MULTITUDE and QUALITY in loc. NUNM. Cross-reference. Virtue untested. NURSES. CroHs-ruference. Attachment of n., Nero's. OATH. of Allegiance to Mahomet. Constrained o. -Harold II. Evaded-Romans. of Fidelity-Roman eoldlers. Horrible o., Conspirator's. Sacred o. -Harold II. Test o. -Protestant. 1160 6045 ♦3835 ♦38;i0 ♦3837 ♦3838 ♦3839 ♦3840 ♦3841 Miscellaneous cross-references. Absolved from o. by Gabriel-M. G3 Blind o.-a Secret condition. 1079 of Devotion to death. 102 False o., Result of. 1283 Honored by Regulus. 5081 Official o., Impressive. 2768 OATHS. Strange estimate of o. ♦3842 See BLASPHEMY, by Comparison to Christ. 19,58 Punishable by death-Mary land.4729 Sec PERJURY. Punishment of p., Judicial. ^4118 Punished with death. Shameful p.-"Dlck" Talbot. See PROFANITY. Irrepressible, Washington's. Punished by Puritans. Ruinous p. -French infldels. Suppression of p.-C. Wren. 5219 6082 ♦4480 ♦4481 ♦4482 ♦4483 Clerical p.-Wm. Grimshaw. 3708 Female p.-Queen Elizabeth. 763 vs. Prayer-Andrew Johnson. 4387 Reproof of p. resented 4033 See SWT.ARINQ. Admlred-Gen. Charles Scott. ♦5485 OBDURACY— OFFICE. 896 407 5768 1*17 W5 811 8380 8843 471 2187 8340 8484 3580 1160 Reproof for x.-Jubn Bunyan. *5480 Substitute for prufuno s. 413 OBDVRAOV. MlBccllaui'uiiH cruss-roferencuH. Criminal o.-Eurl of Korrers. 2539 Immovable o. of James II. 8530 OBEDIENCE. Absolute o. of C'lirmutblans. Annrry o.-Black Prince. Ministerial o. -Mahomet. " "-Nathan BanKs. Monkish a.-Kftypt. Outward o. to laws. I irfeot Mohammedan o. ♦8843 *8844 ♦3845 ♦3848 ♦3847 ♦3848 ♦3849 Miscellaneous crosa-rcferencos. without Afifectlon-J. II. 's son. 800 Conditional o.-LeRallty. 8890 Exaction of o.-Uoward. 411 ExactiuK o. by Wesley. 8199 Lesson of o. important. 6071 Love secures o. 3352 Obsequious o. of clergy to J. II. 928 Stlmulated-DisKrace-Soldiers. 1236 TrainiuK in o.-Children. 1823 of Wife to husband. B998 " " -Mary to Wm. IIL 2090 Sec SERVILITY. Disgraceful s. -James Bagge. ^5123 of Flatterers-Romans. Genius for s. -Bagge. Required by tyrant-Sapor. Shameful s. -Roman Senate. Shameless s. of husband of Z. See FAITHFITLNESS in loc. 305 5183 2.527 4377 03 Cross-references. Suggestions from o.-Rupert. Truth by Luther at Rome. against Counsel-CJharlos XII. 1239 Creditable o. of Samuel Adams. UTO Defect of o.-Mllt(jn. 2983 Foolish o.-IIasty words. 27IH Plea of o.-WllUum Penn-J. II. 3,M8 Refuge in o.-Ainb. of Wm, 111. T.50 Religious o. against p'rs"cut'rs.l.\58 Subdued by magnanimity. 2199 See DETEII.MI.VATIOX in luc. OBJECTIONS. MIsceUiiiH'diis cross-references. Ignorance-Columbus. 2712 Puerile o. against the Bible. 580 See COMPLAINTS and SCRUPLES i;i loc, OBSCURITY. Desired for evasion. •3850 OBSE• .1 •' •< " *3875 Purchased-Emperor Claudius. ♦3876 Sylla. ♦3877 (^uali float loi.s for o.-Roman. Resignation of o.-Shamuful. " " "-Farcical. " "-Policy. " " "-Kiiip. Sylla. Rich men for o.-Carth'g'n'ns. Rotation iu o.-Tliebaiis. " " "-"Bite deeper." Sale of o.-Eng. prison wardens. Seekers for o. -Lincoln. Selection for o. -Greeks. Spoils for magiilflccnce. Terror In o.-Emp. Augustus. Uncondllloiied-Wni P. of O. Undeslrod-Cromwell. Unfitted for o.-J. Adams. Unmerlted-Engllsli nuvy. " -Greek Emperor. Unsought-Abubeker. ♦8878 ♦■S879 ♦3880 •3881 ♦;W82 ♦88ai ♦3«8t ♦ Miscellaneous cross-references. Deliverance of England by o. 2187 Dependence on one man. 2340 Nation uplifted by one man. 84-,' I 8,W. OPINION. DlBguised-Fugltlvu-t'harles II.^S'i; r Growth of o.-Indei)endence. ♦3'.>1 ^ Popular o.-erroneous. ♦.'I'.ii:^ " " powerful. ♦3911 " " resisted. ♦391". Prejudice of o. In history. ♦39i(> Pride of o.-James IL *39I7 Subsidized, Cicero's o. •391!4 Miscellaneous cross-references. Changed by observation-Luther. 53 Changes of o.-Rebelllon. 1.'>.37 Differs, Public o.-Duels. 17.^)1 Exhlblted-Unspoken. 4817 Honestly expressed-Judge. 3039 Influenced by feeling. 51<1 Overriding public o.-James II. 1860 Perverted by self-interest. 2770 Popular o. expressed. 4812 4813 " " misjudged. um Public o. aroused-Feared. 877'.v " " -Cato's Indep'nd'noe of..397 " " expressed-Felt. 8795 " " expressed. 988 " " mlsled-Mary P. of O. 788 " " uneduoated-Eng. 1116 Reaction of Rom. o.-Tel'm'chus. 835 Rule of public o.-Indlans. 2430 Subsidized by pension. 2770 Tested by practice-Bp. Nelle. 01 OPINIONS. Character in o.-Crom well. •3910 Conceited-Jeff. Davis. ^3920 Divers© o. of Cromwell. •SOai Erratic o. of John Milton. ♦392» Infallible o.-John Milton. ♦392a Miscellaneous cross-references. Conduct affected by o. 6748 0PPONENTS-O|{AT( )|{ Y. 897 0803 3IT6 a«ir 386 ♦SKi '>443 8187 3r,sr. Olreno o. of life. 3310 DIvlUutl-Naiurally. 401 a Llburallty lu o.-Jolm Wenloy. :i-Mr> Helf-liiterest uffootH o. 3IU0 SuppreiMed uxpreHxIon of o. 3H0N Hue SKNTIMKNT. Ijtiiored-KomaiiH. 'SIOT I'owor of H.-lndlang. *8I08 I'ubllo B. vg. I-iiws. ♦5109 "-Mary Stuurt. 'SllO iltTolo 8.-8erg()unt Ja«por SlSl \H. I'rlaoiplH-Napuleou. 1917 -Kdward III. 45H0 -Slavery. m-i f'ubllo 8. vlclous-Huots. 1300 Konpeot for puhllo 8. n. -A. Burr. 860 Suppressed. Sl'ji'nif with C()rp8e.6a07 Sec .>y Slander of Bunyan. 6171 " " " Wesley. 6173 ■" " " Constantlne. 5174 Vice In o. l<» vice. 3U(|g) of Wife, Vliik'nt o. 6108 «!■.■ ADVANCK. by Ilattle-Scott In Mexico, ♦iw Herolc-Kontenoy. »()() Opportunity for a. «7o or Huffer-Uuttysburg. ♦ri .Sec AddltK.s.SlON. Success by a.-ll. :V.-Aglnoourt.471 Hoc AdlTATIO.V. Perils of a.-H*'forniaiiiiii. ♦Mti Perseverance in •> -Anti slav. ^147 Clairvoyant a -Swedonborg. UI4 915 Kmbarrassment-J. A. b. (J.III. 274 Needless- London panic. 3HM.'i Patriotism Inflamed by a. 3.')26 " aroused by a. 4071 Political a. -England. .k>42 "-opposed-WhIgs. 4918 Power of a.-Peter the Hermit. I.'l7(i Unseasonable a.-Cato. 1899 Hen ANTAOUNIHM. Natural a.-Protestant and C. I. 213 In Personal character-M. L. itil -Queen E. 703 irnnatural a. -Father-Son. 10<14 Sfe ATTACK. Inconsiderate a. -Crusaders. •;i'.)0 Unexpected a. from above. 'IVJI lu Kear-Alarmlng. Success by a.-Marathon. •SceKINDIlANCE. of Crltlclsm-A. Lincoln. 99 Official h.-Fonseca-Columbus. 3900 See OBSTRUCTIONIST in Ivc. See UKSISTANCK. Popular r.-Prolestants. " "-Bostonliins. Provoked by lenlslatlon. Wisdom In r.-Am. piitrlots 8123 407 ♦4812 ♦4813 ♦4814 ♦4815 Assurance of r.-"Uaysof b'ttle."319 Presumptuously provoked. 4401 See CO.NTKOVKIISY, l'i;i{SF.(;i;- TION, I'OIJTICS and WAK //( Inc. OPPRESSION. DanRerous'-Doii't tre'd o. m."*3a39 Governmental o. -Speech. *3iM0 by Ignorance-ISelgn of Jas. II. *.iU41 Resisted-Tax of Henry VIII. Royal o. -William the Conq. Scandalous o. -Ireland. ♦3942 •3943 ♦3944 Miscellaneous cross-referencos. Amusements conceal o.-Rom. 3215 Church o. in collecting dues. 808 of Creditor-Shocking. W.W Extravagance brings o.-Chas. 1.2011 Limit of o.-James II. 857 by Long labor-England. 3114 Reaction of o. for liberty. 3229 See INTOLERANCE, and Immorality-Charlemagne. ♦2962 Protestant 1 to Romanists. ♦2963 Religious I.-" Tender C's." ^2964 Conscientious i.-£ngland. I'Mexpeoted 1. of Pilgrims. 591 .He- TYRA.NNV Cniclty of t.-Xerxen. ♦57IU KrclcHlantlcal t. t'athollc. ♦.'.:;a Kinbli'ui of t. Uu.stll(). •.'i73« liiHunection agaliiHt t.-P. ♦.^737 Lti«iHlatlvet.-l,ongl'arll'm'iil.^,')7;w of Liberty- Knuicli Revolution. ♦.'>7.'I9 " -Uev. Tribunal. ♦.'i;io Parental t.-FredorIck Wrn. 1 .■♦.')741 Iteconipcnse for 1. -Fruiicc. ♦.'.748 Self (lostruilive t.-Uomuns. ♦.v,i;i Hliaiiieful I. Spiiniards. ♦67 M Turrllile t.-(Jildo. ♦6745 In Amusement Spaniards. ♦.1744 of Caste, Social t. 34UI Itlspiaced by t.-Vlrginia. 814.1 i;lonle8 990 See CUrELTY, I'EKSKCUTIO.N and SLAVERY in luv. oPTiinisiv. CruM^i rclVrcncu. Disconcerted Kartluiuake. 2437 See IIOI'E 111 /.-.;. OHi<;LE. Corrupted -Altienlun. ♦3946 Deceptive o.-(lreclan. ♦39(0 " -Deijihlc. ♦.3947 Equivocal "-Delphic. ♦3918 MlHci'IIaneous criisa-rcferences. Bought with money. 4707 Deception by o.-Ly»andor. 8.3H0 Di.sregardud by itomans. 3905 Valuable o. -Rarity. 5028 ORATOR. the (ireat Deraiistlienes. ♦3949 Unsuooessfui o. -W. Irving. ♦3950 ORATORS. Audience for o.-Wll'iam Pitt. ♦395.2 Dangerous In Parliament. ♦.3951 Despised by Samuel .lonnson. ♦3953 Disregarded in pulpit. ♦3954 Taste in o.-Saniuel Johnson. ♦8956 ORATORY. MIscellaneiHis cross- references, Dlfflculties in o.-Demosthenes. 8081 Illiterate-" Black Harry." 4389 Perseverance In o.-DIsraeli. 4161 Preparation for o.-D'mo8th'n's.4484 Self-abnegation In o. -Demos, 6080 See ELOQUENCE. of Action-Samuel Johnson, ♦1864 " Facts-Story of misery. •1855 Fear of e.-Demosthenes. ♦1858 Neoessary-Romans. 'ISe? 1090 Artificial e., Burke's. 808 ORDEU-PANIC. unit Drink Hhorldan. 30Sa of EurnaHtneNtl'etor tbell. ITM Employed Kuneral of Caignr. !tt.Vi Moniiy NttmulutUN u -Athenlunn. 07a Pariuaalon of u. i'urloloa. 4ino OHDKR. Importancn of i>. lialtle. 8330 Hi'v DKl'llilllM. in Debate- A miirluan Indians. *M83 MlnlsturUI d. H. ..'olinaon. *14H4 ORDKRM. Confllctlnn o. ( ' pt. \V 'd» w'rth. •8»5fl NeKleoted-MurHbal Ney. *3067 Simple o.-Lord Nelson'i. *8958 Mldccllftni'oin criiKK-ipferencci. ConfllotInK o.-UulofH 4007 DiHobodlcnco to o., Wilful. 8778 Fiutltlous bu8lnuH8 o.-Hoax. 'XXM Ubedlenuo to o.-AlarmlnK. 8844 required, Only. SH-lfl to o.-nilnd-Monks. 8847 Sc«o (IdMMAND in too. ORGANIZATION. Perfect o.- Society of Jesus. ♦8960 Mlncellaneoiia croas-referoncea. KCfuctlvo o. -Jesuits. 8006 8016 3017 See PLAN.S In loc. ORIGIN. Uamble o., Jobn Biinyan's. *3959 8ce ANCESTKY luid IimTH m Uiv. ORIGIN A I.ITY. Criwart'l'iTence. In Autborsbtp-Jefferson's D. of 1.420 Beo INGENUITY in too. ORNAinBNT. liove of o.-Amerlcan Indians. *S901 Mlacellaneoua croas-refcrences. "8. Charlty-Blshop Aoaclus. 545 ExtravaKance In o.-Palaoe of C. 335 Love of o., Corrupted by. 6108 Saorlflced to plety-Iloman. 0119 vs. UtlUty-S. Johnson. 334 Women's Iov« of o. -Romans. 3416 Seo BEAUTY. Common b. of Flemings. •492 Personal b.-Mabomet. ♦493 Promoted by b.-nco. Vllllers. ♦494 Self-assertod b.-Sylla. ^495 Architectural b.-lonic order. 281 Artistic b. of Raphael's work. 346 of Benevolence-Lincoln. 614 Competition in b. for marriaKO.3485 Dangerous b.-Maiden. 4580 "-Woman's-M.'t. 3242 vs. Death-Oarbage or park. 8828 Effective b. of Poppaea. 2819 Endangered by a.-Women. 2211 " "-Virginia. 8973 Fascinating b.-Mary Stuart 6089 Female b.-Zenobla. 6055 Flattered- Aged Q. Elizabeth. 2684 Heartless b.-C'ountess of Carlisle. 109 nnlpful Mnilliitlon. SOOfl Highly I'Mtimiitrd Kllzubetb. 4iM> with Infamy .Nito. 196 PerilFt of I). Montfort. 18SH Pormin VH. Churaotcr. 48;H I'roHlltiitod to shnrae. 4588 Simplicity reqiililto to a b. 2H1 vs. Utility -Architcoturo, 5701 Si'c .tKWEIJlY. Passion for J.-IIonry VII. ♦8028 Extravagance in J -Charles I. 2011 Treason for J. -Woman. 6098 Hi'u i'I':aki„s. VVortbloss to the Ignorant. 9728 ORPHAN. (Iriirtn-ri'lHrt'ijco, .Successful o.-A. Hamilton. 18S ORPHANS. Mtaculluiic-dua cruaarufurcncca. Adopted by the State-Soldier's. 88 Hardships of o. apprentices. 708 ORrilODOXV. Mlaccllut urt iToaa rcftTfncea, niue (>.-" niuo" and " Green." 970 Denied for oniio. 3600 8(0 C'REKOS uml DOCTRINE fn loc. ORTHOGRAPHY. ExouHod-Napoleon I. ♦3969 Kee .'^PKLLINO. Dad 8., Oeorgo Washington's. ♦M02 Diverse s. -Shakespeare. ♦5808 Error-Conquered vs. Concord. 1067 OSTENTATION. Merltless o.-Demiiratus. ♦3963 Oriental o.-Chosroes'. ♦3964 Rebuked by Parmenio. •8965 Ruinous o.- Athomlus. ♦8966 Vain o. of Romans. •3067 Miscellaneous crosareferencea. Deceptive o. -Feast. 3708 Eagerness of o. 3907 of Qreatness-Napoleon I. 2480 Military o. of Darius. 4a30 Oriental o.-Kmp. Angelus. 3800 Uebuked-Barber. 1007 Royal o.-Constantlne. 8003 See I'O.MPOSITY. Expression of p.-S. Johnson. ^4280 in Titles-Romans. 6628 See DISPLAY in loc. OSTRACISm. by Ballot-Athenians. ♦3968 Evils of o.-AthcnIans. ^3909 Sei' CASTE in loc. OUTCAST, for Rellgion-Wllllam Penn. ^3970 OUTRAGE. Horrible o. of Albion. ♦3971 Reaction of o.-Joan of Arc. ♦3972 Resented by parent. ♦3978 Hb«i exampkuatiox Rashness by e. Ethan Alien. 'iHttr CroBS- reference. Shameful-Columbus. 1648 Calmness provokes e.-8ocratei. 700 by Inliiinmntty Hfpoys. 4047 Inlenditd-Mad Caniliysus 9H81 In Misfortune fcurt'il. 11107 Rashness of e.-Ilostim m'ssaore.:)6l7 Uncontrollable e. of W'shlngt'n.44W) Hee AUI'SK uhil IN.nuiKS in he. PAGAMsn. Injurious by vice. ♦8974 Overthrow of p.-Alarlo. •8076 PAGANS. Inhumanity to p. by christians. 1050 2800 (iroBB-rcriTiTirc. Overthrow of p.-Tht'odnslus. See HEATHEN. Conscience unsatisfied. S688 RIghtsof b. Ignond. 8476 PAIN. C'roBsrefiTiMicc. Inured to p.-Chlldrcn. 18M See HUFFKKlNd In loo. PAINTER. Celebrated Kng.-J. Reynolds. *8978 CroBa-refiTonce. Invention of telcgrii[)liy by p. 8988 PAINTING. Illustrates no Inforrimtlon. '.W? Mlacellaneoua crosarcrerencea. Defects In Chinese p.-l)efc)rmlty.328 Imitation In p.-Servlle, l.'Sth cent. 345 Schools of p.-Florence, etc. 844 Supremacy In p. -Raphael. 84>6 .See I'OKTUAIT. Problblted-li. Elizabeth's p. •4329 Forbidden by Agetllaus. PALACE. Scandalized-.Marozia. 4440 •8086 Crosa-rcfert'rice. Humble p. of Tartars. •8978 PANEGYRIC. MlacellnneouH iTusa-rofercncei. Corrected-Funeral of Julian. 8266 Impressive p.-Ca>gar's funeral. 2255 PANIC. by Contraction of finances. ♦80T9 Flnanclal-U. S., 1873. •398U -England. 1847. ♦8981 Needless p.-" Popish plot." ♦3982 Night of p.-Anarchy in Lend. ♦3983 Unexpected p.-England, 1825. ♦3984 Mlacellaneoua croas roferenceB. Artificial cause of p. 2195 Citizens' p. -Paul Jones at W. 645 Civil War-Rome-Rubicon. 2117 Defeated by p.-Agincourt. 8834 " " Nap., Fhiancial p. 6287 Financial p.-Franoe. 2214 " "-Eng.-Chas. II. 2892 ** "-France. 528* PANTOMIMK-I'AUTING. 8U0 PANTorailflM. In Jurlipi uilitiii'i.' lUiiuuMH. Mce T^llKH. ttio LatlKUiiKi' of illlllliuli* Hldlviilud by Saiiuel •lolmHun. PAPACY. Huandaltzeil - Marozla. ■SONO *8IWU (friiiwrrriTPiiCP. aKulnit Llberty-MiiKiiii (harta. S'iff! Hid (MTIIOI.M'ISM in toe. PA PICK. Wealth by |).K({yt>t. •3987 PA It A DINE. Druiikard'up. Aiuileiit(iurm'B.*8«H8 Earihly p. In DuniuHouB. 'aiWO LuiiKOHK" "f !•■ I'THlan. •■'iu'jo Munsiilmiin'Hp.-F'tvo. ♦II991 HoriHiial p. of Mahomet. ♦»OiW HtrauKe p. of Muhmnut. *yuU3 MlBCPlliiiii'ixis cromtrtfiTi'iiffpi. AdihiHslon to p. by opUepny M. I(V43 Ui'llef In p I'tiiMluns. for the Bravu-Mohammeduns. Urave men go to p. 1* t* II II II Heroes' bloody p.-I'ttKans. IiOtt8 0141 8006 (iualiflcatlonB for p.-"(iood (or e.";U VlHlonary p. of Crugadcrs. ScellEAVK.NiHd.o. PA It A DISK liOST. MlHCi'lliiiii'iiiin cnisn rc'fi'r('in:t'H Compared with the lllail, etc. Preparation for p.-Year«. PAiinON. Decllnod'Ameri<.'au patriots. " by the Innocent. Ilopelesa of p. -James II. Odious by oouHlderatlous. I'lea for p.-Napoleon I. I'urchase of p. of xlns. without Keformatlon. from Symp'ithy-A. Lincoln. «,.• AHSOLUTIOX. In Advance by Pope Julius II. Costly a. of PalsBologus. Desired In death by Charles 11 8307 4108 ♦3091 ♦3005 ♦3000 ♦.3007 ♦300H ♦3099 ♦4000 ♦4001 ♦11 ♦IV.' ♦13 Penance for pope's a. Nie ATONK.MK.NT. Belief of AmerU'cin Indians, of Ven(?eance-Aiii. Indians. Sob I{K(;()N(;IL1AT10N. by Kxplanatlon-Wiu. and Mary Impossible-iTames II. and Pari. Independence better than r. One-sided r.- Viriplaca. Superficial r.-Orleans and B. "-Dylnif-Fred. II. Beo FORdlVENESS in lor. PARENT. Dlsappolnted-John Howard. MlsccUancouH cross-rcfercncos. Affection of p.-O. Cromwell. 995 Anxiety of p. for children. 120 Brutality of p.-Fred. Wm. 3.389 " " '• " 574t 5158 4848 .1034 38,53 3012 53(1 1 8005 S-,'03 ♦4008 Uetporatu by outrage of Ju(Iki> 307:) Dimtppoliited in (UuKhtur J.M. IIMA UlNobudlunce to p. JuKtllliMl. 417 DUtrttiiHed p. John Howard. Vi'i (Iratuful for Nafnty of ohildrvn. 110 VH. Iluiband (^iii'cii Mary. U«Wt Imimrtial p. Mr. DiiHtiii and Ind.U7 IllMtrtK tloPM of p., AbldhiK. 795 Joy In HuccenH of <'hllilrun Phil. I'aHMloM of p. ( 'onfuNiilon. 4019 Severity of Luther's p. 4578 Sacrllimmof p.forchlld.-Cam«in.795 lyrannical p. KrtMl. Win. I. 5711 PAItENTAGE. rrnn.i-r('fi>n'iici*. Fraudulent iHalni of p. .Sio I'AIKKMTV. Inferred by conduct. PAHI{I\TM. I'owtT of ]>. Uoniaii. Macrlflci! iif p.-chlncMc. Sorrow of p.-llunry VIII. 8973 ♦lO-JO ♦ |(»K| ♦1(101 ♦ |(H)5 .MlDcvlluiicuua croMK ruri'mici'S. ContraHted-AlfX.-Aridronii'UM. 8807 lIUHband's prccodiMU'i' of p. ','(185 Infanticide by p. -Poverty. 8110 Legacy of p. in i^harairtcr. 807 Ueveronce for p. -Ancients. .1800 " "-Klllal-Alcx. 4808 Severe government of p. -10th c. 8(i8 Severity of Kuuian p. 51JI Visions of p. -E'(^ler I'oopor. 44U, Sf.^ A.MKHTUy. Humble a. of poet Horace ♦aUS Ineffective a. Prince Kiipert. ^880 Unlike a.-Orleans princes. ^887 MlHCclliincouH crnHs-rcfercnccB. Barbarous a. of Europeans. 8710 Base-Witches and demons. 1588 Character from a.-c^. Elizabeth. 703 " " '• -AnierlcauH. Depraved-Nero's. " a. confe.ssed. Disreputable a.-John XII. Dlvlnc-Spiii ious-Silenus. Genius by a. -J. Milton. Happiness affected by a. Humble a.-N. K. (Jabrlnl. " "-Diocletian. Nobility of a. despised Nap. Pride In honest a Napoleon. S(!lected a. -Pilgrim Fathers. Unfortunate -Charlt'^ I. .See AFFECTIO.V (Kii.iai,). Enduring f. a. of I. Newton. of William Cowper. " W. Scott. " Calus Marclus. " Sertorlus the Uoman Gen. " Alexander. " Prisoner. 771 1538 8000 4305 '£W, 8808 3500 5.M 505 3.508 ■3508 3173 .■>088 «10R ♦110 ♦111 ♦118 ♦113 ♦114 ♦115 Alexander the Great. 774 Force of a. -Son of Cni'sus. 5895 See AFFECTION (I'ahkntal). Destitute of a.-Kulk the Black. ♦106 Impartial a.-Mr. Dustln. ♦ll? Maternal a. outraged by Ind's. ♦IIS Parental a. of H. W«>i -Uav. .1. Hwlft. *Mm MIrH'i'lliti ii« cniMn f>r«nc»i, Vt. Mixllutitr-lniriKt II. ani7 In I'ollllr* Klulil i>r wrmiK. ^iNVI ■•AUTINANII. MUcirlliiiK'niiN trunH ri-tV'rt-iM'cN. Appolnliiioiit of |i I'ri'it't I'olk. iTO lllttt'iriciiN of i>. I'olltlt'N. 4^-iA Hurtful liiMuoiidu of p. mH Ju(lt(<"< Juffrn^H' (iiiutt. 'llOli OvfrruluU Mt'xlciui War. '/Ttl rntliu^ud by p. Myllu. 8N»u l(Hl|tii of p. -Blue C)rttt>ii. 070 .Sio KKMAlUMIUKiiMil DIVISION IN li„' ■•AltTV. ClmilK'Hl, lloiii>ni)ily-Kttlkrn(l.*K)l8 MmoclUnsoM* crmw r>>rcreiicva. ConfcHsed tDjudiolouHJy-AndrO.KMS Controlled by p. 4164 S,|. I'DMTK'S In I'Hl. PANNION. I'lirontal p. -John hooke. *IOI0 I'lfiHldii tiorrcctodbyp.-Nap.l.'KWu HaviiKu P't Alexunder'R. *4()4I Htniulutud becomes real. •4()'J8 Violent p of H. Johnson. •40a8 MIhci'IIihicoub cn-itn-rcfiTCiicoK. for Advl':i,I'<'l)NrH()L. Komarkablo H.-e.-Uuke Fred. *bOHa Abandoned-C. J. Fox. 6806 In Kielte< to. 2664 Appeal to p. -Maria Tln-resa (!(t75 ArouHcd-dovurnment deloNti>d.241ii " by Stamp Act. 8f)25 Banker's u.-Uobert Morris. 86r>0 of c:apitai.otM-l(iib«rt Morris. 4872 Coercion of p Tories. WA Commended by Wm. Pitt. 4801 Degraded by Charles II. 160 Determination of p. -Johnson. 4.3.57 Development of p. I>y I.. 2317 DIstlngulshed-Wm. Wallace. iJWlO Duty of p.-8olon'a law. 1230 " " the citizen Plato. 801 Energy of p. -Putnam. 1894 Enervated by pleasure. 4105 " " " 4200 Enraged by corrupt niler. .3674 " -Mexicans. 4U8H Enthusiastic p.-" King ring." 1002 " -Homana. KiOO Example of p. -Boston-Rev. lOO'J Kxceptloual-Earl of Angus. 6746 Excessive p.-Inhumanlty. 13.50 Exertions of p.-Bp. Gosselln. 087 Expressed by Indignation. 2705 -Benefits refused. 900 Exlingulshed-Roman p. 42.52 False p.-Ciesar'B assasftins. 1111 " "-Divorce of Josephine. 1(;09 Female p. -Am. Rev.-Boston. 6120 " " of Goths. 0128 " "-Mary Ltndley. 6115 In Flnance-Clty of L. 2130 Generosity manifests p. 2202 Heroic p. -General Bayard. 2.506 '* " -Sergeant Jasper. 2151 History perpetuates p. 3.575 Humiliating surrender of p. 1078 Ignored in vengeance. 6101 Indignant p.-Mexicans. 2401 Insensible to p.-Charles II. 2244 of Lawyers-Am. Revolution. 8169 Manifested at funeral. 23.57 Mechanics' p.-Boaton. 3538 •' "-Civil War. 3540 "-Eng. Revolutlon.3041 i'ATUIoTS-l'KOl'Li;. MO I'll m ISO V-iS in ot 01 44 69 MiKiliktiloD' p.-l'hilit. IVUl of MarolmnlN Kav. \V«r. (Ml Moralltjr noadful for p. inirr MomU preiorre p. XiW Miitlvti til p. In hnmn lore. IM Niiltllltjr of p.-CftpUIn Halo. 1 14) Orcrlookiiil In niinroilNiiiticu. .'In^I I'olltliwl p. of (). ( rotii wfll. M I'lipuliir p. eipreHotl. iioin I'opiiliirlty Mcrlflitml lo p. 4.'llll I'roinpt p. "Mliiuto men." i-t'i'h Hiilltflon liiMiiIrm p. 47'J7 HitpronoliKil " Tliou art not H." .'1)10 Kenotitmeiit of p. 'IM)-.' " " ClmUiam. IMOl Id^witnl of p. WiiHh.'ii Jiitirnay. 'HM) KtiWHrtltiil hy a <'rown. Vi'M Hiicrini.'e to p. by .loNe|)lilni). 1N()U HaurlQced for profit (HpltallHtii. VOU " to Ji)aUui»y-8ootii. *Ml " " reN*-iitnifiit. 800 Hnorlfluen of p.-IIollanil. '(ited-Tyrants-Sylla. Solicited, To be-Alf xander. Transient effect of f.-Anne. •4080 ♦lilHl •40H'J ♦40H3 *4084 *4085 3.3R8 341. -I 38dO 47!)(i 1030 DI^Kraceful p. Monlextitnu. *4"¥H Kvldencia of p. Kiitcland. ' .iW) Knar of p , I'ompity'i. •liHH) .loy* of p War of IHI4. *«HU M)i»D>>nKeraof p. Am. lndlaMii.*4iHi-.t Pitrpetiiiil p. by l-'rciii'h treaty.* liK).'l I'lHiUnNor p., Will. I'uiin'v. *4()(l| VK. I'rldo-Tln'hiiii". *mirt I'rliiolpleii of p , ('lirhllan'ii. *liKNl I'rovokliiK p. of I'trt'cht. *MW HIkiiiiI for p.-reaev-plp«. *|(H)N Truce for |). " Truco o( Hod.'' •4<)Uii rruM ri'frniii'i'K. hy Arbltriitlon r.S. uiiil Kuk. IWi.l CoiKiueats of p., CroinweU'ii. leiHii " " " -I'uridiaiieof I, lii^i) Devotion lo p.-Tlieodorlc. 'HH KiidanKered by neideot. 4',",'H h'aUu mediation fur p. I'rnn. .'IMH " nitMHciiKer of p. ^IiiIIiim II. Ii.'ll ImpoHslblii with I'hillp II. of Hpl)ii'.j Liberty the prica of p. iMiiH Mediation for p. declined by K. 'JTM National p. greatly dealred. H7 Ualh aKalnxt p., Komans. :wi Option of p. by Xerxea. !Wai Patriotism survives p. 40'.HU Triumphs of p. -Fine ArtH-(lreec('..'l!l!) Unpatriotic p.-capltallsts of H. 7i)l) Wise p. -Opposition vain. .')9;iH Hoc AI'o.NKMKNT. liellnf of Am. IiuIIiiiih. .'iI.'jH of VenKoaniie-Am. Inillans 4n4.t Hit UKCONCII.IATIUN. by Kxplanatlon-Wmand Mary.lU*%M Imposslbln-.lames II. and ParLSK^l Independence bettor than r. .ilili' One-sided r.- I'lHpluca. 5,'101 Superficial r.-Orleans and B. 'HWr, " "-Dylntt Krcd. II. SJOa .Sec rONTKNTM K\T in loc. PE.ICE-ITIAKKH. ('roHH-rcfiTfiict.'. Successful p.-m.-W. and Mary. ROUH Hev AKIIITUATION. Itejected by Kiik. -Napoleon. *tf70 PKACK. Choice of p.-Koman Kmperor.'*40H8 Commonwealth of p., Penn'a. *4067 Confidence In Ilarbarlans. 8017 Peace by U. .S. vs. KiiKland. WM Scttloment by-Alabama clalms.4K-.>.') PKARLS. CroHs-nfiTerico. Worthless to the Ignorant. PECULATION. Cross-n-fcrcnt't'. Official p.-Small pay. PECVIilARITIES. ('riin.t-rc'feri'iK'c'. Religious p. -Puritans. See SINGULARITY. Motive for s.-DloKcnes. 2783 ceo 173-J *rAfJii by Contrast In luxurious times. *)7 Sensation by s. a098 PEUKNTHIAIMH. I 'i..-.« ri r<'riMii->'. MllUury p. Spariitn Hnliliera. H».rril,\MI'.s. I'hiloMiphlti I t'ynU'a. M.'.' WAI.KINd. Itotiefltof w -Ali'xaiiilrr. .Mlsatep retrluviid by tact. PKINAI.TV. KxceaRlru p Diiilli I'artlHBii p. Devonshire. 001 •M77 •WTO &'l •IIOI •4IOi| MlMci'tlaiii'uiiii iToM ri'tfrtncf. Death p for all Kremh Hev. ,^;:)l^ Kxcesi-lvi) p. Drbl Kiiglaml. 4.'I.M s... cu.Nj'lscxrin.N. Avaricious ('. Kiiip. .Maxlinln. *|(vtii UcllglouN i>.-A.d'Alhu(> of Property of I'liwiirdaKom. KI.'V So,. l.'l.NK. Nullified by Kllot. *'U!l» Limited Miiifiia Charta. Sitlf Imposnd r. Kinp. .lullan. Sf.. KLOIKllNil. Comfort under f. ('hrlxtlan. Kxcoailve f.-Tltuit Dates. IWII ••Jl.'\9 ♦•Jlt«> Hrutallty In f., .Iiffreys'. nm-i Common Srr VII 111 H cli. -Wives. i.'MtiO Triple f.-lteal and false. 'J^:,l Si'e I'KI.MK. K.XK(1I;TI().\ and I'KISON ill l;f. penan<;e. Failure of p. expiirlmeiit. ♦4IO:t Koyiil p.-Henry II. *iU>4 rntHft-rcftTcnoc. a Substitute for iilciy-.fas. II, Cash basis for p. -Indulgence. I'jitltnaled In lashes. Klgorous p. -Monkery. Substitute In Nuffcrlng p. Transient p. -.lames II. Voluntary p.-.rohnson. PENITEIVCE. Uoyal p.-Tln'oil' ADVKNTUIJK. Courageous-Lieur. Cushlng DhriuK a.-Napolo'in I. Passion for a. -Conquest. *75 Primitive a., Geo. Washington's. *70 Spirit of a.-Wm. Parry. *77 *7.} •74 Love of a. -Young Lincoln. 3273 Youthful-llomaiitlc-Cortez. 3353 S5 Argument declined by o. 3049 Assumed o.-Dead bodies. 2558 against Counsel-Charles XII. 1839 Creditable o. of Samuel Adams. 676 Defect of o.-Mllton. 2983 Foolish o.-IIasty words. 2;'48 Plea of o.-Wiiliam Penn-J. II. 3(>48 Kefuge in o.-Amb. of Wm. III. 750 Keiiglous o. ujfainst p'rs'cufrs 1558 .•Subdued by magnanimity. 2199 See UEPItAVITY in loc. PES!«IITIISTS. Miacelhineou.s cnraa-references. Error of p. evils are old. 120 National Enslish p.-Uanl£ruptcy.451 PESTILEIVCE. Devastating p.-Euglaud. ^4157 Rapid p.-Rome. •4158 Mlscelliineoiis (.•ross-rcl'erences. Benevolence during p.-C. Desolating p. -London. Destructive p.-N. E. Pilgrims, Infection of p.-Plague. Prevented p.-Sanitary laws. .See PLAGUE. Desolating p.-Widespread. Destructive p.-Romans. 3018 1540 957 8821 3550 ♦4190 ♦4191 PETITION. Denied-Anti-slavery. ♦4169 Immense p.-r),706,000slgn't'res.^4i60 Right of p.-Abolltionists. ♦4161 Tender p for life. *4io8 Miacelluiieous cross-refcreneca. Defence of right of p.-Adunis. 8046 Earnest p.-Pardon by Nap. 3998 Mlsdlrected-Mother of Darius. 8880 Rejected p. of college fellows. 2890 Useless to obdurate James II. 8536 PETITIONERS. Miscellaneous crosa-references. Determined-Successful. 1613 Female p. -Puritans. 018-1 Terrorizing-Gordon's mob to P. 40 Welcome p,-A. Lincoln. 3588 PETITIONS. Croaa-rcference. Flood of p.-Parliament. 3523 See ENTREATY in toe. PETS. Mlscellaiji'oua iToasrefcrcncos. Singular-Scott's pig and hen. 2.32 Women's dogs condemned by C.2.'lo PHANTOIW. Mi.-cell;iMcims (Tum- references. Alarmed by p.-Tlieodoric. l]]r, Pursued by p.-Murd."irer. 1108 See OllOST in loc. PHIIiANTHROPV. Example of p.-j. Howard. *4i«3 Experimental p. J. Howard. ♦41tU Practical p.-John Howard. ♦4165 .Mlacellaneous eruawreferences. Devotion to p. -Georgia. .1508 Gift of p.-Smlthsoniun. 1813 See BENEVOLENCE and LOVE in lilt: PHILOSOPHER. -Miaeelluiiedua eruaa-referencea. Assumptions of p.-Aristotlo. 2080 Demoralized by pride. 4370 Pioneer p. -Newton. 8895 Simplicity of p.-Dlogenes. imi Wealcness of p. -Johnson. 1593 PHILOSOPHERS. Ml.seellaneous cruaa-ret'erencea. Credulity of seven p. 1381 Doubts of p. -Academics. 1713 Ridiculed-" Savans and asses. "6019 PHIIiOSOPHY. Advantage of p. -Fortitude. *4166 Speculative p. -Impracticable. ♦4167 Miscellaneous croas-refe-encea. vs. Christianity-Epicurean. 4805 Dark p.-Obscure-IIeraclltus. 356.^ Demoralizing manners-Rom. 4191 Kuthusiasm for p.-Archimcdcs.l9u." E.xperimental p. vs. Authority. 377.") Fascination of p.-Amurath II. 3869 I-'emale devotion to p.-IIypatia. 607H Impracticable p. rejected. 0018 Mental p. -Contempt for-Nap. .3.')96 Optimistic p. rebulted. 24.57 Superficial p. -Sophists. 57S) Unappreciated-Cato. 1011 See .KSTIIETICISM. Brutality of R. in e.xhibitions. *Wi Realistic a3. " " " " *i03 Contempt of a>. -Greeks c. by R. 776 See STOICISM. Admired-Southey. ♦5341 Seemijg s. of Wm. P. of O. 181 PHYSICIAN. Empirical p.. Successful. ♦4168 Mythological p.-/Esculapius. +4169 Miscellaneous cross-references. Bombastic p.-Meneorates. 618 Intimidated by danger. 1048 Invention by p.-F.„ Iron. 2985 Neglected by Gibbon. 3260 Practice lost by religion. 1036 Quack p.-Charles II. 4688 Sacrifices of p.-Benev(>lonoe. 540 Studious p. -Dr. Harvey. Vanity nibuked .Menecrates. 903 688 6779 PIIVSICIANS. ComniliiglliiK Death of ('. ,'I. ♦■1170 Disagreement of p. Clmrle-s 1I,*417I Miscellaneoua crosa-references. Predictions of p. Failure. aiO'.l Quackery punished-Cato's. 4.JH? Rivalry of p.-Systems. 6385 See STKOEO.NS. Barbers the s.-16th century. 4,MI Insen.iihility to sufferings. 193 SeeSI'ltOKKY. Brave s.-Duke Leopold. ♦,'>(6^| Skill In s.-I)r. V. Mott, ^5465 Proof by »'■>«. "IQIJE. ' s.sador. ♦4172 Ml- .I'll' K ' .-osa-referencca. Feebleness.' <• 'iveroomo. 8.599 Perfect p.-Ainerloiui Indians. 811 S,v .VT.'II.ETK. Remarkable a.-Tliraelan. ♦;J88 Royal a.-nfiry JI. *38!) Moral weakness of Miio. 59«o Strong a. -Father of .lefferson. 5;i5H " -George Washington. 535J See lillDV /,i luc. PIETY. Claims of p. -Crusaders. Manly p.-Gustavus XII. Ostentatious p.-Saladin. Practical p. -Persians. Private p. -Croni well's, for i'rotit-Perseeution. in Public life William Cecil. l>y Reactions. .lohnson. Iteward of p -Mohammedan. Siierllices of p.-Isabella. Sincere p. -Cromwell. Supremacy of p.-N'turalaffec, ♦4178 ♦4174 ♦4175 ♦4170 ♦1177 ♦4178 ♦4179 ♦4180 ♦4181 ♦4183 ♦■I 1 83 ♦4184 Misci iluneoua criisg-referencca. Chamiiion of p.-Cromwell. 3921 Claltus of p. mLstakeu. 4173 t'oinmended by parent. 5070 Compllmented-Miracle. 5704 Conspicuous p.-Pillar Saints. 5013 Constant p. of Oswald. 515 Diplomatic p.-N. aM'h'mm'd'n.2693 Evinced by conduct-Pagan, 3608 Humane Influences of p. 1317 Libertines-Louis XIV. 4144 Military p. -Cromwell's soldiers. 43a5 " " of EnglL-h Puritans. 4390 Mlstak n p. -Pilgrimages. ,5981 by Natural powers. 1202 OlTensivo p.-Expuision. 1603 Public p. enforced-New. Eng. 6163 Qualification for office. 8696 Reward of p. -Cardinal Wolsey.4644 Rldiculed-Puritanic p. 4890 Slandered-John Wesley, 517,1 " -Richard Baxter, 517.S of Soldiers' p.-Cromwell's. ,5250 5251 " " "-Puritans 4.390 904 PILOUIMAOK— PLKASURES. of Holdlors' p.-I'urltans. 4878 StrfltiKti p. -Crusaders. Bio;) no Truco for p. -Mahomet. 4;wi Unl(ni«lyt'xpre.ssod by Jolmson.(!l(>!l Unsatisfying P- 1" ol)s'rvanotH-L.l()li in War Joan of Arc, 592.') t)f Woman-I'ulcherla. 6KK " Womdn-Koniun. 6111) \V(irlts of p.-l'nli;herla. WCtt .Hw CIIIll.STIAMTY and RELIOIUN in toe. PIE.<eter the Hermit. ♦13TC Sinners for C.-I''irst Crusade. •5103 Sec CKIJSADES. Craze of C. -Sac ri Hoes. 3-111 Credulity of C. 6860 Los.s of lifo-Two minion. 3258 PILfJRIinS. ('rosi'-rel'i'rt'ncc. Blfjotry of p. -New England. 591 PIR^IiCY. Ancient EnKlish p. ♦4185 ('rnsrt-refereiice. National p.-Ent;. and France. 980 PIRATES. Connivance with p. -Gov't. ♦41H8 Period of p -Uomans. ♦4187 MlsceUuiieoua cross-references. Conniving with p.-Uomans. 1298 " " -English. 2434 Contempt of p. -Roman. 1144 Government indifferent to p.-E.2440 Impunity of p.-Bribery. 1210 Tribute to p.-Aigerlne. 5711 See HUCCANKEH. Excusod-ir!ir Francis Drake. 902 PITY. Mlscell:iiu'n\is cross-references. False p.. Oppressor's. 8692 Instiisible to p.-Tlmour. 1337 Manifested-Abdallah. 3289 Moments of p. -Cruel caliph. 2773 Pleasure marred by p. 5320 Punishment forp.-Dr. Batement.540 Uesiralned by fear-Heretics. 2hh^ Reversed for Injurer. 4188 after Self-protection. 1161 I iiiiatural to man-Johnson. i;j53 Victim of his own p. -Goldsmith. 513 Wlthheld-Suflferlng-Tyrant. 13.57 by Romans. 1355 Woman's p. for foundling. 781 See COMPASSION in loc. PLAGi-VRISin. a Felony-HaywMrd. ^4189 riiAOIIK. Desolating p. -Wide-spread. '■4190 Destructive p. -Romans. ^4191 See PKSTILENCE. Devastat'ng p. -England. *4167 Rapid p. -Rome. •4168 Uenevolence during p.-C. 3018 Desolating p.-L<'ndon. I.'VIO Destructive p.-N. E. Pilgrims. 9.57 Infection of p.-Plague. 2821 Prevented p.-Saiilliiry laws. 3560 PliAN. Life without a p, Milton. 2107 " with a grand p. -Milton. 194 PLANS. Mlscfllrtiifipus cTDSH-ri-fercnces. of AmbltliiH-Robert (iulscard. 200 Interference with p., Meddler's. 3546 Largcueasof p., Constuntlne's. 2492 See METHOD. Life regulated by m. -Wesley. ♦3597 See SCHEME, of Assassination- Wholesale. 1140 Assassination, Rosamond's s. of. (17 " -Catherine de M. 60(10 of Benevolence-Colony of Ga. 4299 " " -Woman's s. 4192 Visionary s. -Railways. 4610 See STUATAOEM. of Loyalty- Woman. 1,348 Oath by s.-Harold II. 3840 in Retreat-Washington. 4842 of Vengeance- Sliip wreck. 1347 Virtue overcome by s.-Rape. 8870 See STRATEGY. Despised-Persians. ♦6352 Needful s.-Columbus. ♦5358 vs. Numbers-H. Cortez. 3830 See SYSTEM. Living by s.-Alfred the Great. ^5500 In Benevolence-John Wesley. 549 -Old England. 4295 -John Howard. 3650 See OKOANIZATION and PLOT hi loc, PliEA. Crosa-reference. for Mercy-Burgesses at Calais. 4039 See ENTREATY in loc. PliEASURB. in Benevolence-Howard's. ^4192 before Business-Henry VIII. ♦4193 Demoralizing p. -Romans. ^4194 Devotion to p.-Tarentlnes. ^4195 -Alexander. *4196 Bixtravagance in p.-Malek. +4197 Harmless p. -Johnson. +4198 Interruption of p. -Talleyrand. ♦4199 Passion for p.-Athenians. ^4200 Perilous p. -Frederick V. ♦4201 Pursuit of p.-Eplrurus. ^4208 In SInnlng-S. Johnson. ♦4203 Vitiated by p.-Andronlcus. ^4204 Watering-place p. -England. ♦4205 Wearisome to Charles II. ♦4806 Miscellaneous cross-references. Abstinence from p. -Religious. 6077 Agricultural p.-"N'ar'r He'aven."156 Attractions of p. -Nature-Art. 341 In Battle-Nelson. 5915 ' Blood-'hedding -Romans. 1341 In (.'Hmbats-Romans. 974 " Cruelty- Flamlidus. 1,^55 " " -Youth-Spartans. 1.366 " united with p. 1701 " -Criminals. 2860 Devoted to p., Communists. 8336 Duty vs. Pleasure-Senators. 5;i2tt Expensive p.-Goldsmith. 2273 In Food f. re.)ected- Pascal. 4681 " " " -Dyspeptlos. 6484 not Happlness-S. Johnson. 14 Harmful devotion to p.-Greoks 910 Life devoted to p.-Charles II. 321*5 " for p. -Epicurus. 3271 In Literature-Charles Fox. 3;llii Masquerade-Deadly p. In. 3512 In Misery of others-Jeffreys. 2808 Misjudged p. In wealth. 5970 in Music prohlblted-Purltans. 374!) Object In life. 50-18 Opposed per «e, by Puritans. 228 Oppressive p. of Wm. the C. 3943 Pain follows vicious pleasure. 226K Paradisaic p.-Mohammedan. 3995J Perilous p. pursued. 4110' " " Taste for-Wm. of 0.4111 Postponed-" What then f" 1071 Rejected by austere monks. 4(tt " B'aise Pascal. 4681 In Rural llfe-Poei, Horace. 1.53 " " " -E. Burke. 3798 Rural p.-Cyrus. 66.30 ' " -Domestic-Scott. 8592 " " -Horticulture. 2637 " " -Napoleon I.-Exlle. 2638 Sm In p.-Early Christians. 8.370 Theatrical p. preferred. 341 Transient p., Sacrifices for. 8260 Unlawful p., Shame after. 2604 Unmarred by disappointment. 3438. In Vice-Epicureans. 5801 Vicious p.-Reactlon of virtue. 3246 In War-Franks. 591fr ■' " -Alanl. .5917. Watering-places-England. 695-t 5955 In Wlne-(i iuls. OOIO' PLEASURES. Condemned l)y Puritans. ^4807 Expensive p. -Metropolitan R. ^4808 Miscellaneous cross-references, of Sense-Mohammedan. ♦4209 " " " ^4210 Wasteful p.-Shelley's. ♦4211 878 Cross-reference. of Sin bring shameful misery. See DISSIPATION. Philosopher's d.-S. Johnson. ♦1683 Youthful d. -Edgar Allan Poe. ♦1684 Clerical d.-Old England. 925 " " -Eighteenth century. 941 Despondency removed by d. 54.1S> Reaction of d.-Cartwright. 1083 Shortens life-" Artemu8Ward."3283 See ENTERTAINMENT. Genius for e.-.^mlllus. ♦1902 Rewarded with contempt. 1833 PLEDGE— POLITICIANS. 905 See MUSIC. Art In m.-.Tohnson. Condemned by Spartans. Imaginary ra.-Dunstan. Love of m.-I6th century. Necessity- Vandals. Opposed to m. -Puritans. Political power of m. Power of m.-Mary Stuart. In Strife for Charles .XII. Taste for m. by Itallaus. Unappreciated by Uen. Urant Undlgnlfled-Alclbiades. Charms of in. -Savages. Church m., Critic of. Devotion to m.-T. Jefferson. Dlfliciilty In m. met. Fondness for ni., Cromwell's. Ignorance of m. compensated. Impressive m. of churcli bells. -. .. Inspiration In m.-Wesley-Mobs. vm 4709 •nm 7(il 1908 33.50 ♦374-1 ♦3745 *374U ♦3747 ♦3748 ♦.3749 ♦37S0 ♦3751 ♦S-.'ia ♦37M ♦3754 ♦37.'->5 3810 1.30 1 5371 2979 3178 .34 500 POET. Uespected-Plndar. ♦4:il5 Terrorizing p.-Uobert Burns. ♦l::jio 3.'l(l.-) *W0 a«)7 3308 13(1.-) 3593 13^-. Laws sung to m. Passions corrected by m. Recreation In m. -Milton. Relief in ra.-.Martln Luther, Time, Skill in m. requites. Unpleasant m. for rivals. See PROniGALITY. Checked by instruction. ^4478 Encouraged-Ruinous. +4479 See PROFLIGATE. Royal p.-C^ueen of SpHln. +4490 See KEVEI.HY. Christmas revelry-ItaIy-France.a50 See AMUSEMENTS, HAPPINESS .iiul SI'OR'l' //( loc. PLEDGE. Temperance p.-FatherM'thew*42ia Miscellaneous cross-references. (nfiimously broken-Proctor. 2817 Sacred p.- Embalmed b. 1402 PLOT. Fictitious p.-" Popish." *43i3 Imaginary p.-" Negro."' *48i4 Mlsce; meous cross-referencesi. Assassin's p.-Q. Elizabeth. 4948 Exposure of p.-Massacre. looo Infamous p.-Gunpowder. 3013 See COXSPIR AC V 111 ioc. PLVIVDER. Miscellaneous cross-references. Lawful p. of Jews. 449 Soldiers supported by p. 633 Wealth by p.-FrancIs Drake. 3059 See BOOTY. Division of b.-Trojan War. ♦033 See SPOILS. Abundant s.-Romans. ^5314 " " -Constantinople. ^5315 Dedication of s.-Pious. *53ic Division of s. -Arabs. ♦.5317 Abundant s.-Blake-Spanlards. 2131 Corrupted by s.-Romans. 1298 Demoralized by s.-Scots. 5387 Sustained by s. -Con federates. 1063 Mlscelliiiieous crosa-rcferencea. Crltlclsed-Tasso. -.Vrlosto. -Milton. " -Uryden. savagoIy-Byron. Dosplscd-ChurchiU by J. Honored-Coronation (.. p. Impracticable- Voltaire an amb. 3 luconsed-Voltaire. 3002 Late in lifo-Cowper. \>:i^)^) Mlsjudged-Gray by Joiinsim. 2.J22 Patient p.-Seven year.-i-Virj,'ll. 2311 Popularity, Sudden-Terence, xm Precocious p.- Alexander Pope 4403 Preparation of p.-.Mllton. 5,J73 ' ' 5374 Prophetic p.-Virgil. 4^1 Sensitive p.-Dlonysius. 1313 Unwelcome-" Bet Flint seeks J. •.37 Youthful p. Prococlous-liry ant. 2329 POETRY. Bad p. criticised. *42|7 Heartless p.-Gray's. *4^>in Inspiration for p.-Burns. *4219 Pathos in p.-Dante. *4*>o Power of p.-Welsh. ♦42-ji Primacy of p.-Creatlon. ♦42--'2 Utility of p.-Ancients. *4*>;^ Weakness for p.-Frederlck n.+4224 Cross-references. Ambition In p.-Milton. 32.50 ' " 3270 Development in p.-Milton. 4108 Failure in p., Early-Shelley. 2314 Father of p. -Homer. 2317 Genius in p.-Milton. 3307 Moods for p.-Milton. 1014 Reformation of abuses by p. 3098 Punishment in song-Burii.'<. 42Iii Variable quality of Milton's p. 2,335 POISOIV. Slow p.-Thonias Overbury. *42^'fi Well applied-Cffisar Borgia. ^4225 Miscellaneous cross-references. for Poison-Rosamond. 1292 Prepared for suicide. 3032 Warning of p. -Alexander. 10I8 POISONINO. Miscellaneous cross-references. Protected by p.-Xero. 1347 Punished by boiiing. 1.339 Unprotected from p. -Antony. 4515 See DETECTIVE. Harmless d. -Robert Burns. ♦1.552 Stupid d.-Col Jain's'n-An(lr6.^15.M U.st'ful d., Cicero's. *15r>4 Conniving d. -Robert Burns. ♦1972 POMCV. .MIscellfttK s crdss-rererencKS, Destructive military p. 317 vs. Prinil|il,'-Uellglon. 4734 POLITEIVEitS. Mlr»ei-II. lirous (.To; * ri't'erences. Burdensome p. Handshaking, 2509 Characteristic p. of Mahomet. 801 Death lied p. of Charles* Ii. ,3I5>2 with Destitution. ao5() Disagreeable p., <'a\sar's. 3400 Distinguished for p., vEmlllus. 1903 Ignored by poliiicians. 3804 Intentional p.-Rtgeut of Chlna.1035 Kind p., .Sailor's. 0021 Mark of p.-(Jluttony. 2030 Rule of p.- Johnson. 1,592 Trespass on p.-Crillclsin. 1312 to Women -Sabines. oilO See AI'OLoiJY. Degrading a. demanded by J.II ♦^W As.sassiirs n.-Carncalla. 1123 Doubtful a -Marriage of H. VIII. 4,58 Weak a. for Ingratitude. 2857 See i;OUKTESY. Denied to Speaker.-J. K. Polk.^12.57 Forfeited by Bp. of Winch'st'r.*12,58 Marked c. -Peculiarity of Eng. * 12.59 to Unfortunates-Black Prince.+120O and Cruelty of Black Prince. Devotion to c. -Knights. Embarrassing c.-(ioldsmith. Heartless Roman o. Infidels denied c. Insensible to claims of c. Scant 0. remembered. See ETIQUETTE. Burdensome e.- Ed ward IV. C^uestion of e.-Wash.'s Ad. Restraints of e.-Anne. POISONS. Study of p. -Cleopatra. POLICE. Inefficient English p. Use of p. -Win. P. of O. ♦4227 *-»228 ♦4229 Miscellaneous cross refcrenceu. Opposition to p -England. 11,30 Original p.-England. 1301 Awkwardness of e. Di.sgusting e. -James II. Important-Gen. Washington. Necessary-Washington-Howe Overdone-King upset. Quarrel over e.. Ludicrous. See fiAM.ANTRY. Inconsiderate g. -Goldsmith. Proof of g.-Feinale rulers. See ruiVAi RY in loc. POLITICIAN. Artful p.-Pompey. ^4230 " " -Cromwell. ♦4231 779 1121 4335 2043 2831 2044 4083 ♦1925 ♦1928 ♦1987 158ft 2590 4034 . 1,589 1.580 7.50 ♦2203 ♦2264 Crossreference. Masterly p.-Rlchelieu. See POLITICS in loc. POLITIC? \NS. ' Cross-reference. Counsels of p., Ruinous. 2424 Sg2ft 906 POLITICS. POLITICS. Changes in p.-James II. 2118 Reformation In p. impossible. loot Abusu In Atntsrluuii )>. ♦4888 (hanging p. -" Bobbing John. • 7I')9 Religion and p. 4786 AUIunco lu p. -William Pitt. ♦423:1 1 Children Involved in p.-M. reb n.803 Religious pretence in p. 118« Anger In p. J. Adams. ♦428-I 1 Church in p.-James II. 3388 Resentment extinguishes p. 4100 Bltturnesh In |>.-Van Buron. ♦423r) 1 Clergy in p. -Preaching. 3051 Revenge In p. -Aaron Burr. 1747 Cundlilates In p.-Homan. •4830 •• " Irish p. 1814 Keward in p. -J. Adams' postage.35 Changes in p.-Kn>{.Kovolutlou.*4-j:ir Cl'i ical zeal lu p.-Kngland. 938 Rivalry in p. -Halifax. 4910 " ••-Uostoratlon. ♦423H Oompromlso in p. -Missouri. 1017 Satires in p. popular. 3203 C'lorical p.-Janit!8 II. ♦4831) " " "-Slavery. 1020 Science and p.-Cu;sar. 6063 Compromise In Kugllsh p. ♦4240 «i 1* It .t 1021 Silence In p. by bribery-Demos. 678 Contradiction In p. -Taylor. ♦4241 It II II II 1082 Slander in p.-BolIvar. 4044 Controversial p.-England. ♦4242 Conservatiam in p. -Cecil. 1120 Socialism in p., Roman. 6218 Corrupted-Uoraan " treats." ♦4843 " " " -England. 4012 Songs in p., Power of. 6803 -Kei({u of Chas. H. ♦4844 " " "-Excessive. 1127 II II 1. II II 3750 tt t. ti tt u ♦4245 " " "-Trimmers. 1132 Success in p.-S. A. Douglas. 807 Devices in p.-" Log-rolling." ♦4840 Conservatives- Romans. 4013 Surprise In p. -Sylla. 8888 Disappointments in p.-H. Clay.*4a4~ Conspiracy In p., Ruinous. 1137 the Theatre a power in p. 1580 Dislike for p.-S. Johnson. ♦4248 Contested with money-Irish. 663 Trick In p. -Statue crowned. 1883 Disrelished. -Oibijon In Pari. ♦424U Corrupted by bribery-English 069 VascIUatlon in p. 6331 Duplicity In p. -Leo X. ♦48.')0 " -Athenians. 667 Visitors by p.. Burdensome. 8604 Eminence In p.- Van Uuren. ♦4251 English p. 6332 Woman in p. -Henrietta. 4888 Eschewed-Konians. ♦4852 Corruption in p. -Catiline. 0193 Woman's influence In p. 0070 Failure of p. -Poor Ireland. ♦4863 " " "-Demosthenes . 072 II II II II 608O Forgiveness in p. -Napoleon I ♦4254 " dominant in p. 3876 II II II II 6081 Generous p.-Willlam Penn. ♦4255 " of voters-Roman. 1211 II II II II 6084 Ilypocrisy In p. -Augustus. ♦4850 Debate of p.-Challenge-L.-D. 755 Women In p.-CIcero's wife. 6130 Idealist in p. -John Milton. ♦4257 Defeated in p. -Lincoln. 1488 -Revolution by. 6121 Insincerity in p. -James II. ♦4258 Deficiency In p. -Charles Xll. 1970 Women's work In p. -Romans 3416 Judas in p.-H. Ferguson. ♦485'J Delusion In p. -Stamp Act. 1522 Youthful interest In p.-Bryant. 8.389 Rllsmanaged-\Vm. of Orange. ♦4860 Denunciation in p. -Jefferson. 8929 See CANDIDATE. Misplaced-in Camp ♦4261 Devices In p.-CienerosIty. 4321 Dead c. -Daniel Webster. ♦703 Modlfled-Reign of James II. ♦42G2 " "-Roman. 1156 Dignified c. -Thomas Jefferson. +704 Parties in p. needed. ♦4263 II II II II 39.36 See CONSTITUENTS. Partisan p.-s. Johnson. ♦42(i4 Directed by newspapers. ;1815 Honesty toward c. -Bribe. 1807 Power lu p.-" King-Maker." ♦4265 Disgrace In p. -J. Adams. 4314 See DE.MAOOGUE. -Charles .■. Fox. ♦4260 Dissimulation in p.-Charles I. 1670 Changeful d. -Buckingham. ♦1524 Prayer in p.-s Johnson. ♦4807 " "-Newcastle 1679 Class-Rome-Votes. ♦1525 Preaching p.-Puritsms. ♦4268 Education in p. -Spartan youth . 894 First d.-Menestheus. ♦1526 " " under Cromwell. ♦42(59 '■ •• •• ijy newspapers.3813 Marks of the d. ♦1587 " " -J. Mayhew. ♦4270 Eschewed by first newspapers 3812 " "-Connecticut. ♦4871 Exposure of means-Nero. 1347 Dangerous d.-R. Ferguson. 4369 " "-Friars. ♦4278 Freaks in p.-Crockett elected. 4322 Guided by sagacity-England. 4274 "-Ueign of Chas. II.*42r3 Genius for corrupt p. Lord N. 007 Rule of d. -Augustus. 4266 without Princlple-Pr'fessrnal.*-1274 Habitual corruption of Scotch 1. 665 Shameless d.-Catlline. 398 Reverses in p. -Tyler's Adm'n ♦4275 Heedlessness in p. -Alarming. 3780 Subdued by threatening-G. G . 40 Revulsion toward p. ♦4270 Honesty in p. 1207 See DgMAOOUUES. Sagacity in p. -Henry Clay. ♦4277 Immoral p. pereonlfled. 1594 Baslness, Politics ad. 4244 in Saloons-Keign of Charles II. ♦4278 Independence In p. -Trimmers 1132 Dangerous d. -Socialistic. 5218 Selfishness in p. -Romans. ♦4279 Ingratitude in p.-Gr.Democr'cj .28.55 Disgraceful work of d.-d'th o 'S.700 Trifles in p.-\VliigsandTories.^4280 " " "-James 11. 2854 Legislation of d.-Rome. 11.50 Vexation In p.-H. Greeley. *.»281 Insincerity in p. dangerous. 4090 Rule of d.-French Republic. 3528 Woman lu p. -Charles II. ♦4282 Insults in p.-Wm. Pitt. 8899 See ELECTION. Young men in p. disdained. ♦4283 Invention affects p. -Cotton-gin .8988 Close e. of John Adams. ♦183- Lobbyist In p.-M. Crassus. 3;K5 Coercion in e.-S. Adams. ♦1838 Miscfllant'oiis cross-references. Ministers and p. -Rev. J. Ball. 4580 Expenses-Treating in Eng. ♦1839 Abandoned for literature. a313 Mistake In p. -New England. 5696 Frustrated-John Howard. ♦1840 Abuse brings success In p. 25 Money in p. -Election of Sylla. 3877 of Grace-Cromwell. ♦1841 Alienation of friends In p. 3934 " " " declined-Douglas. 073 Resented-Pres. of Magd'l'n C. ♦1842 in the Army-Polk's Admlnlstr't'navo Morals necessary In p. 3716 Scandalous e.-Intimidation. ♦1843 Arrogance in p., Clerical. 920 Neutrality In p., Infamous. 12.30 Tie e.-Jefferson-A. Burr. ♦1844 t( .( tt t( 4929 Office-seeking in p. -Lincoln. 3887 Timely e. of grace-R. Newton .♦1845 Asperity in p. -Polk. 1257 Opposition In p. removed. 676 Unanimous o. of Washington ♦1846 Assessments in p.-Maxentlus. 376 Orators In p. bought with money .671 Unique e. of Spartans. ♦1847 Balance of power In p.-Europe.43C3 | Partisan p.-Polk's Admlnistr't' n.276 " " " Capt. J. Smith. •1848 Bravely maintained Rep. p. 12.50 1 Politeness Ignored in p.-CIcero.3864 Vociferous e.-Rmp. Pompey. •1849 Bribery in p. -English. 662 Popularity seeking In p. 4013 " " punished. 1814 in p., Vicious. 4374 Defeat at e. consoled. 4063 " -Universal-England. 1812 and Poverty-Romans. 4348 " mortifylng-J. Adams. 4314 Cant in p. -Samuel Johnson. 708 Preparation for p. by f^tudy of 1. 83 Impoverished by e.-Chas. IV. 4853 Capital In p.-Conservatlve-Rom.T09 Radicals In p.-England. 4012 See ELECTIONS. Caution in p. -Lincoln-Barber. 738 1 Reaction In p.-Vaa Buren's Adra.51 Farcical -Reign of James II. ♦1850 POLYG AM V-POSITrON. 907 Free e.-Wm.l'iliicoof oranife. 1881 Venal e.-l'uilianii'iit, a.d. 1T08 *188a Sie VOI'K. Only one v.-Cromwoll. *5Hr)5 Power of one v. -Sparta. ♦5H6 i.wt) Ba»oly jflven-Itochoster. Compllmontury v., Lincoln's DecllnlnK always to v. -A. J. Emphatic v. -Stone ballot. Minority v. elects Lincoln. One decisive v.-Impeachmcnt. ST.'iO Ostracism by v.-.Vthontans. 3!W)H Unanimous v. for Ind'pcnd'nce.STUO See VOTKKS. Bribe for v. dIsKulsed. Brlbod-iiSOOO for one-Ireland. " by public nioney-N. Church-members the only v. Ooerced-EnRllsh v. DIstranchlsed-l'athollcs In Md See VOTES. Sollcltin)? v,-Grenville. *5858 6(W oor HHl 733 by Bribery of German princes. Character controls y.-Wash. Coerced by Communists. Controlled by force-Cromwell. Corrupt-" Credit Mobllier." for Dead candidate-Webster. Excluded by Cromwell. Independent EnRllsli v. Influencing v.-Women. Majority to rule-United States Perseverance in seeking v. Uesentraent at v.-Jaraes II. See VOTINd. for Chrlst-Uoman Senate. * POLYGAIWY. Mlscelianeoua cross-refcrencea. Panaficisra tends to p. Justified by Milton. Permitted by M. Luther. Shameful p.-Botliwell. Unproductive of children. See co^■crIiI^•Es. Passion for e.-Elagabalus. Power of Persian c. 608 283(i ISTO 3181) 2900 703 m-i 4011 2410 3387 4153 2890 58,59 3078 3922 4058 2188 4.3;« 900 959 pomp. Oriental p., Royal. in Private llfe-Wallensteln. *4285 ♦4284 Cross-reference. Asiatic p.-Wedding-Tlmour. POinPOSITY. Expression of p.-S. Johnson. *4 741 Crnss-reference. In Titles-Romans. 5628 See DISl'I.AY and I'UIDE in loc. POOR. Benefited by civilization. *4287 Burdened for the rich. *4288 Children of the p. *4289 Conspiracy against the p.,Leg.*4290 Decrease of p.-England. *4291 Discrimination against the p. *4292 Dwellings of the p.-Cellars. *4293 First laws for the p. '4295 Hardships of p. Miners. Oppressed by law. Oppression of the p. tt it it ti Refuge for the p. -Georgia. Remembrance of the p. *421M *429r *I298 *i'i'M MUcellaneoua crosn-referencea. Abuse of p.chlldren-Apprentlce8.798 " " " " " 7!i!t Amusements denied to-i^uolts. l','!)ii Asylum for the p.-Colony of Gu..VJj Bad food of the Irish p. ]:,io Benevolence to the p. -Mrs. F. nni -Lady U. 520 Care for Mohammedan p. ^'ori2 Charity of the p.-Foundling. 7hi Cheap luxury for the p.-R,biitlis. I(K) Devotion to the p.-nuntinKd(in.,-.l(; Discrimination against tlie p. r>:v .580 Enslaved-England. siiit Exoluded from p. -Office. 388;i False friends of p.-Demapogue.ir>25 I''o()d of English p. ai8l Generosity to the p.-Cimon. .5^' 168H 3819 3015 180 4!>03 4904 4908 195 1109 740 1171 1388 2S77 4044 4895 48!)7 4898 4885 ♦963 Fictitious c.-Mary Queen of S. 818H of Ctovernment by finances. 8401 " Juries-Star Chamber. .3050 " Jury by Jeffreys. .3048 Moral c. of Sunderland. 1997 Profession in life by c. 4485 Repentance by c.-Fallure. 4396 Signature by c.-Magna Charta.3807 See DOMINION. Boundless d. -Roman. ♦KIO Proofs of d. -Persians. ♦KlI See FDRCE. Distinguished by f.-' irmm'r."^3187 Fictitious f.-Mary Quconof S. 'aiSS vs. Consclenoe-SubjuKatlon. Divinity In f.-Theinist. ,39.54 Political p. rebuked by J. II. 4239 Untrained p. -(Quakers. 1908 PREAniiivc;. a Crime in Scot land. ♦4392 " Duty-John Buiij an. ^4393 Genuine p.-Purilans. ♦4394 to Please-Dangerous. ♦4395 Profitless p.-" Hung In chalns."^4390 by Women-Samuel Johnson. +4397 Miscellaneous cn)ss-references. Vrrested for ji.-Wra. Penii. 8053 Awakening p.-B. Abbott. 1080 " " -Asbury. 1179 " -John Bunyan. 1085 " " -John Wesley. lOtS Courage for p.-G. Ouseley. 1243 Excitement by p.-Melhodlsts. 470S Imprisoned for p.-J. Bunyan. 2704 Liberty of all in p. 5089 Personal p.-Seemlng. 1189 " "-Kesented. 1234 Plain p -Queen's dress. 1738 Politics-Puritan p.-England. 4206 " forbidden-England. 4209 " -Puritans of Mass. 4870 " " " Conn. 4271 " commanded. 4272 " -Keign of Charles II. 4278 Sermon8-42,500 by J. Wesley. 14Z vs. Silence of monks. 1169 by Women- Wesleyans. 6133 See SERMON. Long s.-BlsLop Burnet. ♦5111 910 m III quoer »., Bisbop Turnor's. *6n8 ImproMsivo B.-a IIourH-WhitClU.OUlO Infiirlittt'd l)y .1. Kiiox'h b. -KLVl Mfu clmiiKt'd by u h. lONO Mdfkory of h. arrcBted. 4901 .See HKKMONH. Huporltlo H.-Hifihup Lutlmer'B. *S110 Many g.-Goo. \Vlilt«lleld-18,000.68lO Hi'o (!IJCUrth. 4384 1815 PRL'^OIC'IION. Editorial p.-Civll Wr.r. ♦4406 Parental p. for Pe'or Cooper. ^4407 Reallzed-New York. ^4408 Mlacellaneous.'ross-references. Auffury-Birds-BuiiiMnK-Rome. 396 of Bankruptcy-Nation?!. 45i Equivocal p.-Delphlc oracle. 3948 Foolish p.-J. Dryden. 5049 Fulfllled-J. FRch-Steamboats. 8306 Oracular-Nero to kill liis mother.l9e " -Sviia Heins of gov't. 495 Political p.-Am. Revolution. 1.599 Popular political p.-False. 1985 Reallned-DiffuBlon of the Bible. 578 See PREMONITION and PROPHECY in loc. PHKCKDKNCK-PUKS.s. PHK'KITIINKNIIB. SurpaMRliig p (it'll. VViiNliliigton.11128 See DI.SM.NCTION imil KMl.NK.NCK in tor. PIiUUNAIV4'Y. Mlnci'Iliiriouui cnrnK-rrlVrcmi'ii. Dlngraeefiil p. of llonorla. 3490 Miraculous p., Contempt for. 8528 PHi!:ji;»icB. Commercial p. -National Dank. ♦4409 Deluded by p., I'ublic. ♦44l(i in lIlBtory-DlonysluH. ♦4111 InveHtigatlon with p. -Julian. ♦1412 National p.-Krance and Eng. ♦4413 Opposition of p. -Roads. ^44 14 against I'rogress-lmn. ^4415 Reaction of p.-Methodlsm. ^4410 Seotlonal p. -North and South. ♦4117 and SuperBtltlon-Lepers. ^4418 Mlncc'lluneoiiii croitii-referciicfs. Appeal to p., Vain. 4.J32 against Bankers-Jews. 440 -Lombards. 4.^0 of Caste-Parllaraent. 72!» Evidence of p. -James II. 1945 " required, Slender. 4214 against Foreigners-Columbus. 2055 " " -Kgyptlans. 21H!) " " -Language 3131 In Food-Scots-England. 1913 of Ignorance-Ministry. 875 vs. In ventlon-Sewing-raachlne. 271)5 Judgments of p. -Nap. I. by Eiig. 24 against Newspapers-Addlson. 3813 Opinion affected by p. 3910 Popularity by gratifying p. 4333 Utlllzed-Jesult missionaries. 395 Warps Judgmcut-Reput't'n of C.767 See niOOTUY. Dlsclalmed-Cont. Congress. ♦SS" Papal b.-Plus V. ♦588 Protestant b.-Scotland. ♦.589 Puritanic b.-Engllsh Puritans. *.5i)0 Strange b. -American Puritans. ^591 in Benevolence-James II. Blinded by b.-Janies II. Clerical b.-Country parson. Display of b.-James II. Foolish b. of James II. Ilarmonlous b. -Bristol, Mortified by benevolence. Protestant b.-C. disfranchised, Rebukod-Dr. Arnold's plea. Religious b.-Turk vs. Persian. Rule of b. James II. PREMONITION. Accidental p.-Charles I. of Death-Charles V. " " -Lincoln's. 528 4085 2707 1990 317 3600 3780 732 733 5070 3549 See PRESENTIMENT. True p.-John Howard. .See OMENS in loc. PREPARATION. Const.ant p. -•'Minute-men." for Ort.tory-Demosthenes. ♦4419 ♦4420 ♦4421 ♦4422 ♦4430 ♦4423 * Miscellaneous cross-references. Llteriry p. -Milton for Par'dlsiB L.194 L(mK p. for Paradise LoHt. 4lON Neglect iif p.-Kdmund Ilurke. 41) b.f KOUETIIUIiillT. Impulsit morn lellabli'. S.T07 .Sv.nU(l.\.\IZATIuN, PLAN ami I'UE.MKDlTATKtN inluc. PREROfJATIVB. Royal p. Kiiip. SiH'erus. Hfiti " "-Jumi's II. ♦4420 .Si. l'ltl\ ll.KOEiii luc. PRENHVTERlAMMin. Despised by (.'harli'S II. ♦4427 PREIHRV TEHI A N8. CtuhH-rffrreiice. Dislike for p., Milton's. PRESENT. Declined by William Pitt. Perplexing Mazarln. iioa ♦4488 ♦4489 Ml»ci'll:iiieiiu« cniHS rcfcriTiccs. Delightful p.-Portralt ot the k. 4049 of Food rewarded. 4481 " " -Ada to Alexander. S876 Sfc I'UESK.NTS 111 loc. PRESICNTIITIENT. True p.-John llosviud. ♦4480 See I'KEMOMTKiN iii.d O.MEN8 ill lor. PREMEIN'.i . Bring presents. -"Pudding.' Solicitation of p.-Alex. ♦4431 ♦4482 MlBcellaiu-f.uH tT(i..v'*- references. Destroyed-Ty rant-Sapor. 2627 Mlsapplled-.Montezuma. 1085 Solicited by royal beggar. 1866 See OIKTS iii luc. PRESERVATION. Miscelluneiius eni.ss-ret'creiicet*. Remarkable p. of Mahomet. 1083 Requirement for p.-C'nim'n'sts.lOOS Strange p. of Rome-Ueese. 1961 See DELIVEllANCE in luc. PRESS. Defended, Liberty of p. *4433 Education by the p.-E. A. Poe.^4434 Freedom of p.. Safety by. ♦4485 " " -Liberties. ♦4430 " " "-Fred. II. ^4437 " " -N. Y., yr. 1734. ♦44.S8 Political p. feared- England. ^4439 Power of p. feared -England. ^4440 Progress of American p. ^4441 Responsibility of p. ^4448 See NEWS. Fatal n.-Dr. Moit-Llncoln d. ♦.3810 Writer of n. devices of yr. 1790. ♦,3811 Good n.-IIasto-Gold. 1974 Manlpulated-Sertorlus. 1479 Shocking n.-Fatal-Unexpected.l603 See NEWSI'AI'EKS. Colonial Am. n., year 1740. Deprecated by Addison. Primitive n.-Engllsh. Thought directed by n. •3812 ♦3813 ♦3814 •3816 Attacks of n. Ignored-Llncoln. 1309 l'UKSTI(}i:— I'I'.IDK. Pabuloui aodoanti In n. KITS Want of 11. I'rumTvo liberty. .'I*)7 PHKHTK4K. <'ri)rtH-ri'(Vrfti(:*'. DUreKard for family p. 3060 PHKNIiniPTION. FooIlBh p.-Kaiptiror I't'tmrch. •4448 Itewnrd of p., IntllKuity. *'i4't-i S.I' IMI'OHITKIN. Artful I. of Aliisanditr. oiHulul 1. riinlitinii'iit of c. MlacclliuiFduacrnaa.refureiiceii, Papal p. ruHunttul. Kldlculud by I'lii'thlaiii. of Succ«8»-(,'apt. Liiwronco. HuuueHHful p. of tbruu men, of Youth-Naslca. ' " -I'ompey. " -Louis XIV. Hf« AltKOOANCE. Answered-Cburles V. Chlldl»h-Xerxort-Kottor8-Sea. Inaulttng a.-Attllu. " -Clmrlos V. Boastful a.-I)l8abul the Turk. Clerlaal a. In politics. Lofty a. of Attlla. National a,-EnKllsb. Peril In a.-Braddook's defeat, Hee CKEOULITY. of Phlloaophera-8tran({e-8, RellKlous 0. -Priestcraft, of the Slck-lOth century. Superstitious c, -Romans. " " -PerHlan Magi, Excess of o.-Mobammedans, of Fanatics-Crusaders, Gold-seekers c.-Slnns-Splders. of Hatred-Origin of Huns. " Superstition-Mystery. " " -Am. Indians. " " -First Crusade. " " -N. E. Colonies, " Tlmldlty-NeRro plot, brings Unbelief-Miracles. Victim of c-Cotton Matber, See SELF-CONFIDENCE, Coronation of self-Napoleon, See RISK. Assumed by Alex.'s physician. See VENTURE. Instructive v, of Franks. 040 ivia 1070 2H14 OiilO 0200 ♦810 ♦320 ♦.381 •810 .■)84 oao 4U20 823 38.3 07 ♦lasi ♦ias8 ♦lawi ♦1884 ♦1885 3082 .'ja'io BMl ]r>88 B447 5448 5451 5453 4214 8C80 1567 1321 1326 1048 ♦6795 Herolo-Sherman's march to the s.70 Bee CONFIDENCE and PRETEND- ER in luc. PRGTENDER. Honored-Mlcbael the Greek, ^4445 CroBS-reference. Birth of p,-J, F. E. Stuart. PRETENDERS. Numerous p.-Turkish. 6223 ♦4446 PRETENSION. MIscell&neoua cross-references. Contempt for p. -Pirates. 1144 " '• -Alario. 1145 and KnthuKliiHin Mahomet. Exposed -WoKiilnif vlrxln. " OraiileH-OroolttM. " -Dolphlc. by PoMlaKC! cxpcnsti Scott. HuppoHtul 1. -Child <>f >lami!.s II on Verdant countryman. Hfe IMl'osTdU. (>)ntnmptlble 1. Lambert .H. Deceived by 1. I'orkln W'rb'ck. * "-.Monmouth. PunlHliod-Duke of Monmouth, Uoproved by (loneral (irunt. Blasphemous 1. -Titus Gates, Heo IMPOSTORS. Power of l.-Uarbarlans. S..' IMI'OSTl'KE. Political I.-Voico In the wall. Uewarded-Tltus Gates, ♦87.');i ♦87.M lll'JS ;ni8o 30)0 3047 8018 3!M:| 1«11 ♦87.W •87.V1 ♦8Tr)r ♦87.58 ♦275i» 6018 8881 ♦8701 ♦8T0O Folly of p., Dentrurtlviv lliiinlliiittMl Samiu'l .lulinxon, MortllliMl Oliver (iolilMnllh, of Hlvulry cIi'ito'h. HaiTllleeH for p., (Jold-inllh's. Subjugation of LutliiTM p Vain itlorlousp. of llrrn-y VII1.^1I.')7 mi ♦H.M ♦4459 ♦44.W •I4.M • 1 1.'.5 • 1 1.Vl Duplloated-Tllus Gates. *8051 S.i' HYPOCRISY. Brazen b.-Pop« Adrian VI. ♦8m)8 Diplomatic b. Napoleon I, ♦8tl!l3 Exposed-KellKlous-Charles II.*8iilM In Frlendshlp-Klval dukes, ♦8Uit5 Invlted-Purltan Parliament, ♦80U0 UellKlous b.-Ulval dukes, ♦8ei(7 " -Homan phllos, ♦80!i8 PolltlCd.. h,-AURU8tU8, liellglous b. -Charles 11, See HYPOCRITE. Accomplished h.-" Dick" T. Epitaph of the h. -Alexius. Si'c QrACKEKY. Experiment In (i.-Calo. Superstitious (j.-Klng'a touch Sec SHAMS. Military s.-Am. Hevolutlon. ^5180 ♦8«9'J 2700 ♦4,'J87 ♦■l!>H8 Rldlculcd-Affoctatlon. See DECKPTION in loc \rm PRETEXT. MlficolliineijUB crcus-rrfereiuca. for Banishment of French Cath.s.4-1H Commercial p.-Lysandcr. 810 Conscience a p.-Sunderland. IIMO for Divorce-Henry VIII, COfiO " -Peter III. 0009 Flimsy p. for war.-Ron.ans. 438 " Extortlon-IIenry VIII, 4.30 Religion a p.-Blbulus. 38,'J6 Religious p, for vlce-Mahomet. 63 " " of James II, 577 See EXCUSE in loc. PRICE. Crons-rcference. Change In p. -Manhattan Island. 2997 Sec PURCHASE in luc. PRIDE. Absence of p. in Caesar, ^4447 Characteristic p.-E. Seymour.^4448 Concealed by humility, ^4449 Defensive p. -Samuel John8on.*4450 16HI .■«)7H 4492 1687 4104 8810 288U MUi'dliiiii'mn criiKK ri'li'r.'iicen. lloastful p. DlMabnl tliii Turk. 884 vs. Challly Newturi. 43.'19 Conipi'llllDii iif p Kxli'v'i;'ni't' *)18 CoverliiK liiiiMllltj II. I ki't 8(174 DcMlructlve p. I'alacfs and e. .'1!I8 DiHslpatlon removes p.-Poe Downfall of p. Julian. Endeavor spurred by p. Humiliated by proninllon. Iluinlllation of p. reiianii'. Industry siKirllleed to p. Infaluatlnii of p. -James II. Injured by Hynipatliy-W. Si'otl'n. 93 Money to gratify p. 3070 Mortllluatlou of p.-tioUlsinitli. 88ti3 .Mortllled by rlval-S, .Idlinsiin. ll.Vt National p. aroused. -MH Offended-I'ortralt of F.llzabetb. 1;189 vs. I'eace-Natlonal-Tliebaiis. 4005 Poverty with p. -Johnson. Kesentraent of wounded p. " " criticism. Sorrowful p.-Johnson. of Vice Cf ambling. War, Cause of- England. Wounded by IndltTcren.'e. " " precedence. SieCONCKir. Changeless e. -Cicero's. Foolish c.-Xerxes-Shaukle. Literary c. -Thomas P.iiiie. Silly c. -Xerxes-Mountain. 4.340 8012 4817 1602 887'8 ;*)05 1515 1671 ♦1026 ♦1086 •1087 ♦1028 Artistic c. of Nero. 387 Danger of (!.-Braddock"s defeat. 97 Natloiuxl (!. -English -Freneli. 4603 '• of English. 3781 Personal e. of Jefferson Davis. .3!)80 Political e. of James 11. 49.58 Removed-" Invulnerabies." .5843 Sue E(iOTlsM. Caste e. -Young Byron. ♦1832 Characteristlo e. of .1. Adams. •1833 Contrast In o.-Cicsar and C'Ic. •is;^4 of fienlus-Ollver Goldsmith. ♦1835 Royal e.-Jaraes II, •lt!86 Outraged-Clcero's c. 2873 Rebuked by Plato. 6778 See OSTENTATION. Merltless o.-Demaratus. •.396,^ Oriental o.-Chosroes'. •3964 Rebuked by Parmenio. •.3965 Ruinous o.-Anthemiu8. •3960 Vain 0. of Romans. •3067 Deceptive o. -Feast, 876» Eagerness of o. 8967 of Oreatness-Napoleon I. 8480 Military o. of Darius. 4a30 Oriental o.-Emp. Angelus. 389» Rebuked-Barber, lOW Royal o.-Constantlne- *06 913 PUIKST— ritoCKASTINATlON. B«i HELFCUNCEIT. nrai(Kart'ii.-n. ♦S77'l will) (iruattittiiB (^iiooD KHz. *S7T5 Itobukod •' KIneCdat." •5770 " -Ooldmiiltlrg. •t>777 " -ArtaxcrioH'. *577H " -MotUHTatus'. ♦(17711 KUIIuillouR V. MiiriiitniMilikl. *n7H() VUslIm of v.-.\loxiindur. •8781 of Arnbltlon-Oraiit Alfonso. iHVU Arcliltoclural v. I'yrHiuldi). •^•)0,^ (MM- in Kenerolence-iTohngon. ti'il Cl«rl v. ofOiuuk empororri..5U Ulouletlun. 20 of IIonoM-Queeti .Mary. 2011) " Mfo Captiro kin*. 329-,> tn Old Ako -Constantino. (5772 ' -(ineon Kllzubeth. ()77.'> I'erllciiis v.-Kinporor Julian. 307H of l'i)pularl'y-''romwell. .J32| I'reveul.s siKicuss TImotlious. 221.') Robuked-13u(!klnffhaiu'a 31)01 " -UemaraMis. 89o;j Sensitive v.-Vollalro's. 2155 Vlutlinlzod by I'oinpey. 6 See DKfNirV in loc. PRIEST. Mlacclliiiii'inia crnss-refcreucca. VS. Christ- I'a I clou. 4103 of lufldellty-UobeHplerro. 4482 See I'RIKSTS. Interference of p. Meddling. ♦4458 Mlnoi'llanomis cnLw-rcfereiices. Haiilshed from Inland. 4117 High reirard for p.-Ferdlnnud. 1)21 Tyranny of p., Infuriating. 1310 .See CATIIOMCISM and CLKKOV I .-I lot: PRI.TIOOKIVITVRE. DlsroKiirdecl in Did Testament. ♦4459 Sie IMIKKITAXCE iH l„c. PBIIVriPLE. Importance of p. Tax on "^ea. ^4400 PRINCIPLKS. Mmlted p. -James II. ^4401 Weight of Independence. ♦4402 MlBcellaneou8 crossreferenccK Dostttute of p.-T. Cranraer. 1018 Expre.s8ed by action. 818B without Uestrainln(f-C. J. Fox. 5806 va. Sentlmt^nts- Puritans. aOS"* See MOTIVK. OPINIONS and SIN- CERITY in loc. ,-n 1 PHiN-riNi;. ll>*Klniilntr III l> AlMmnan. 'Iina l(i:iitrloiud I'uMlMhment for, *44i>l suRpiiilon of inuitli'. ♦(4ttn Mlieclliiiicoiiii irnm ri'firiMi(T». Oenlui* di'Voloped in p.-ofllciv 1J831 Uppoi4ltlMii to p. Va. Colony IHIO ITohlbllt'd In VlrKliilaby C. II. sm Srk iiookh. Burned by hangman. *623 Dearth of b -Kngland. ♦024 Divine b. /uudavoHta. ♦Hv'ft Kuihanted by b. W. IrvliiK *««(. Porbldden b. Enifland. ^027 Paaalon for li Dr. Harvey. ♦028 I'ublloatlon of b. restricted. ♦oau Hejoetod Mllton's-C'n , etv. ♦«;«) UellKlouA b. -Samuel Johnson. ♦0.31 I Hoarclty of b. Kunipe. *ii'i'i \ Ambition aroused t>y b. 8208 Hoys Influenced by b. 2734 llurned AlcboralKtV li. 6970 Condemned Rule for b. 8840 Dedication of b to patrons. 498 Destruction of all d T Palno. 1027 Devil t(«sted by b.-C. Mather. 1.107 Helpful b -Wesley I.iitber. 1122 Thorough study of b. Kunyan. HI Valuable when scarce 082 NKWSl'AI'KUS. Colonic. 1. n., yciir 1740. ♦;)8I2 Deprecu . I by Addison. ♦3hi:! Prim Ivc M KiiKllsb. ♦SSM Thought directed by n. ♦SSIS Attacks of M lgnore|.-i. " KnglUh orlinlnali. Extiirllon of fees Knglaiiu HoiiDrt'd by Black Prli iDhuiimnlty to p * " " '• -"The Fleet." " " -Knglund. Protection of y>.-llabtlllon of p. -Howard. Hlaughtcr of p Bai iiiirlans. slavery of p. by Koiiiiins. \ (ihiiilary p Nup.'s filcnds PRIMOMS. of Tyrann> Frnn(;e. h.e IMPI{|^:o\MK.\r LoDff i.-John Bunyan. 1450 400 rrf-04 1 33 1 \:m 1.3.V1 M.-iH &tU3 6I1M 2125 mv> 4845 4469 518)4 fill 5I8C 5IH5 715 •4170 ♦2764 Hoiiorablo I Iij.icletlan's per. 813 Shameful 1. if innocent children H03 Hue OAI'TIVITY and CIinflNALS in Inc. PRIVAi Y. of Convorsatli''! Lacdicnin'ns. 4171 See I Ml.AI'biN. Safety by l.-Oennan States. '^WOO See SOl.rirHI': m loo. PIIIVATRKR. I 'rons-ri'lVTetiee. .•^uccessfui sir Francis Drake. 3009 PRIVATKERS. Crnss-rerei' nee. Successful p. Am. Idvolutlon. 2160 See I'lUATKS in (oo. PRIVATIONS. Ministerial p J. W'(^|^ley. ♦4478 See ADVERSITY. FAMINE and POVERTY in luc. PRIVILEGES. Pre-eminent p. -Scotland. ^4478 Si- OProRTIMTY in (oc. PROBLEm. Cr'i-H-refereitoe. DlfflcultmatlK matlcal p. 3538 See MATHE.MATICS in loc. PROCESSION. Funeral p. -Alexander's. ^4474 Hoyal p.-Greek emperors. ^4475 Triumphant p. -Aurcllan. ^4478 rrosK- reference. Honors of triumph-Pompey. 5710 PROCIiAItlATION. Cross-reference. Memorable p. -Emancipation. 3227 PROCRASTINATION. Fatal p. of Archlas. ^4477 Se. DELAY in (oo. PUODKJA rrV— I'HOMl'INFNs. on PHUUI«4A1.ITV. Cheeked by lnitrii<"i"H KiiouuraRcd Kiiliti Hw I>fSSll'AI H)N. Plilloiopher's (I. -8. Jo)iMMon. Yiiiithful il. E. A. I'oe. •4-ITM •■W70 •mn Clerical d.-Old EiiKland. vcd by d. M4I) Ueutaloll of d.-('ttitwrlKbt. lOH.'t Shorteim llf« "Artemiin W8rd."8a8a Hio rKolMOATK liof itl p.-(|iieen of 8pnln. ' iiOO (ItTliial p.-Pope John XII. 48(» MurrlaKcof p.-Bjron. am,'! Sio KXTllAVAOANCK i„ l„c. PROFANITY. IrreprosMlble WaflhIngton'H. Punlnhed by I'tirltiiiiB. Rulnouii p. -French Infldels. Suppreaakm of p.-C Wren. ♦MHO •JlHl ♦ItMJ *4483 l^lacelUneoiii cross-roforcncci. Clnrlcalp.-Wm. arltngha'v. 870H Fetnalo p.-(iu()«n Elizabeth. 7«.J vs. Prayer-Andrew Johnnou. 4,SH7 Reproofofp. rea« to LMI OIJ " " " -1.1th ufiitury iij '■ " " HdforniHilon I). .Vrt 14) «)f ri-,i||/ii(UiT) by oxporlmiMita. '.Kii, " " llrltc.ns. OH " " European. yi3 " " -Orooluii 9|i) Entfland. 4'Jhv Delayed Hi .;liil p. of ItusgUn.-i. r3'J Perfection by d. -Paradise Lost. 4108 See IMl'KOVKMEXT Oppo,sed-Sewiiit{machlnoH, •J76.'> Repressed, Soc il i. -England. ♦31'60 Agricultural i. opposed. " In Germany. Forestalled-Conservatives, Period of iirohlteetural I. Prevented by legislation. Self-lmprovement, Mental. See INXOVAllOX. Resented-Subjects of Peter. 1120 i.r7 11 JO ;.'.M») 3110 8111 i7;u ♦3875 Opposed-Highways. 4'»i-; " to l.-S. Joliiison 2511 See SELF-IMPKOVEMENT. Related-Ark Wright- bO Tears. 1775 IHntoiiltleii In N. I. A. Lincoln. i,h7 .iiuiiiMful (J \V'a!«hliii{lon. irsH S». HKI ' iJlM .1 .1 IIKVIVAL (.. .'.,.■. PRUMIBITION. Colonial 11 In \ii •ii'jM Inclplpiil [I In N J. •I4UU Inefftictlve |. In (Jn. •1500 Plea for p .Vm. Indians. 'VaH Prottsclliiii by p. Colony of Ga ♦4503 Iteslsted \i Indian*. •m.'l Mlncelliineir.i ero«K refiTein.>-K. of Aiiiiixeinont.^ Eng. Purllmis. 333 l.'l.'iO 9M9 oei 4970 lUIII 0014 " llfggliiK by Hololi. "Commerce Spartans. 1,1'gai () of Hllkt and uottous. of Rum Am Ind'i. " Wlne-Woiiien-Locrlan law. " " -Roman women. .'*ee I,A\V.>< iSi'iiKTuisr). Sumptuary l.-Uomans ♦3101 ♦31011 Hiimptuary I. opixtsed. .'lili^ " Dress. m\ PKO;1IISB. O'lart-rererelice. Forced p. of GalLeo. 5?37 PROilllSKS. Brokin p.-(iii.'en Mary's. ♦4.-)(M Deceptive p ic. berellcs. ♦4.'i05 Regard for p. Komans. ♦I.VM) ''rnsa-rit'i r'Mu'e. Refused by c'andldate Joffern ii See CuV'KNAN I' ■ dc. roi PROmOTlOiN. Earned-Oeneral tiiaiit. *tr*yr JocoN.! p.-Nap(]|eon. ♦4.')08 Loss by p.-.Satiirnlnus. ♦4.'509 DfTenslve p. -Senators. ♦4,M0 Providential i> (Jueen Ellz. ^4511 Refiarkablo p Cromwell. ♦4513 Uui xpected p., Cromwell's. ♦4513 Mlacell.iiifona eroas-rcferencea. Alarming Pertlimx-not Death. IW Changed by p.-Archbp. Becket. 883 Deserved p.-L«niies at Lodl. ftW Disgraceful p., Jeffreys'. 3888 I'allurt) by p. -Soldiers. COOO by llonesty-Pompey. 3C0O " Knowledge-J. Sparks. 3094 " Merit-not ancestry. .'J593 " " Sai'on chiefs. 3594 without Merit-Justinian II. I!«il Neglocted-RescJiteil. 4799 Peculiar p. -Cook chief pnglne'r.l339 Resented by hissing. 1.564 itiilned liy p.-Young Carlnus. 1701 Shameful p. by dlxgraee. 1111 Undeserved p. of an adv'nfrrV.494 " " favorite". 3110 See PUE-EMIXKNCE ami OKFICE ill loc. PROinPTiVKSS. Success by p. -Charles X 1 1. ♦^^M MIscellaneoua croasrefereiicea. Necessary-Evildoers. 1880 Preparation forp. -Minute-men. 5881 iiU H».. rt'Nf-TUALITV. ('hart<'t«rl«tlu p. .1. (|. Adam*. 4tm h(... KNKIlltV inlor. picoor. uf lioud liittititloM* ( 'luupatra. ''tnia Mli>c«llniii'<>ii« oniM refureiii'ci I)«iiiitM'il of ilivlnlty. of Uiilluloii CiiiiNtuntlnu'M. HopliNtli'iil |> Kltliiw nIiIu. FIIOPKHTV. ConiinrTuMHtn of p. Ilernillittry p.-KomatiN. ownurNblp of p. rroiluottuu. Tltlt)!! to p. rrv»'r»«!(l. Tyranny of p. CoinriiutiUiu. WruuRH of p.-Kii({llMh luw. 10111 firas ♦IM(I Nftl7 •4518 ♦inio •«(W0 ♦4syi Mhrrllimi'miN cTDun rt'fi'ri'iicei*. lM8trlt)iitiMl l>y luxury. SKWi Dlstrllmtlun of p. liemiatH. iWi^i (tovHi'MUii'iil for p.-UriKluixl. 'i>^>l lloiirilucl tiiid >>(|uuiidt)rod-0. p. '.tn lu.^tocurlty of p. Koiiii.s. iJOll Loss of p. by Sir Walter Scott. 01 VH. I'lilldreu-S. VVcaloy.llO Lost by drink. 3Ui:) (^uarruls for p., I'arally. S''.U Sa " -Llnooln'i. ♦1421 ♦4422 PIIOPIIKT. KaUe p. PetiT the Ilcrii I. 2000 PHOPHETN. tirtuit p., The b'our. ♦4825 Mlnc'i'llunt'iiu* ertittn rt'tertntti. False p. -Ltivollers. 1008 " " -Itofornuitlon. 2088 Hi'B I'KKDHTION.'*. Kdltorlal p. Civil War. ♦4400 Parental p. for Peter Cooper. ♦1107 Uoallzed-New York. ♦4408 Augury-HlrdN llulldlng Home. 390 of ilHukrupti^y National. 451 Kcpdvoual p. Dclphlo omcl' 39IH Foolish p. ■!. Drydcn. 50-19 Fulfllled-.I. Fitch Steainboatii. 2;iO0 Oraoular-Ncro to kill hIsMiothor.IlM) -SyMaUrlns of gov't. 495 Political p. -Am. U(ivolutli>n. 1.599 Popular political p., False. 1985 Uealized Diffusion of the Illble. 578 PROPRIETOR. Nominal p. (iecrgo 1. ^4520 PROPRIETORS. Bondage of p. Peruvians. ♦isa" Sec I'KOI'KIM'Y 1)1 lor. PROPRIETY. ( 'rosM rt-t'iTi'Moe. Innorod-Mliilsteilul. 1737 See DKCOIU'M. in Debate American Indians. ♦1483 Ministerial d. S. Johnson. ♦1484 .See DKiNlTV mid MoDK.STY in in,-. PROSECl-TION. ( 'ruSH-refrreliee. Malicious p.- Unsuccessful. 3203 PROSELYTE. CroHH-ri' iTt'iiee. Conciliated by relaxation of d. 889 PROSELYTES. dniMrt-refereiices. Zeal for p., Monks'. 3683 See (.'ONVKKT in loo. PROSPECTS. ('r(>s*s-refereiice. Enjoyable p.-ScotlHiid. 1228 SecFUTUKK in Inc. PROSPERITY. Children bring p.-Arabs. ^4538 Dangers of p.-Phlllp. ♦4529 Destructive to Christianity. ♦4530 by Government-Rtenzi. •'«531 Springs of p. -Desire. ♦4533 Mlio*ll»nMUi •row-rtlWrtoMi. Agn of national p Homan. IMII Changed, National p Mudd«nly..'K)HI Deonptlve p. " All Is well" 59rpl KhdanRiirii thu church Kngland.MM National p. by commente. 9TM Iron Kngland. 2998 Spoiled by p.-Pi/./.aro. lOOH SMniulatud by necesHlty Dutch. 9IM See I'oi'ri.Aiirrv, uiciikh uili SCCCKSS III lor. PHONTITUTK. Distinguished p. Tlieo;ttl for the Weak Oeorgla. ♦4687 Mlncelliinemm eniim-referencen. by Armor-Uattle of Ilrennoville.401 Illble p. -John Knox-Queen M. 581 by Charms-Numa. 783 -"Agnus Del." 783 " Cllmate-Ethiophins. 960 Costly and futiUi -Chinese wall. 295 Divine p. of (loo. Washington. 3274 " " sought. 3718 Feel)le p.-MlIes Standlsh-0 Men. 313 Hurtful p. of property by 11. 701 Impartial p. of chlldren-Dustln. 117 Ineffective-Arrows at Hastings. 301 National p. made necessary-C. 172 of Peace-Am. Ind.'s peace plpe.4092 " Provldence-Wm. P. of O. 4,').V) See I'KESKUVATION. Remarkable p. of Mahomet. 1023 Requirement for p.-C'mm'n'sts.l003 Strange p. of Romo-deoso. WHJl See nKFlKlE. Sanctuary for r.-15th century. ♦4059 Secured in America ^4600 Failure of r. Earthquake-Lisbon. 731 in Prayer from adversity-G W. 4383 " -A. J. 4;i87 Temple of r.-Foundlngof Rome. 387 See DEFENCE inluc. PROTECTOR. Needed-Protestants. ♦J.'as Strong p. -Cromwell. ♦45.39 MlsccllunenuB cross-references. Motto of p.-" I will maintain." 1506 Safety by p.-Anglo-Saxons. 4080 of Protestants-Cromwell. 4642 I'|{< rVVA T< »1{S-I'r N IHII M KM' PUOTKC-rOIIH. Vaiitii t> I IK liiiliii'il lliiiiN 171 FICOTKNT. Uiihiikxil f'lr |> I niiHliiiilliKv INWt PHOTKNTANTINiTI. Ailvaiii'" of r. Kriiiii'i' ♦•IWO Overthrow of I' lliiKuriiota. *4tH\ I'rutuoturaor r. KiiKltiili H. NMU MUcrlluniuin rrfiuriiri'ronoi'K. Ikiiiflllclnl to Kiijj. vn. CallrildtNin T'lA rhiiinploii of l>. Croniwiill. Hli'.'l cliiiinploiiH uKiiliiNt I*. JuMulta. ''tiNU) Clitickttd by .li'MiiltN. ;)0I7 KxpiiMnii for I'. HHIO Utijuctttit III (lentil hy Charloit II. IM MuppreNxliiii of I'. Ill Iri'liiiid. 8lij PHOTKNTANTN. Hluotryof iv Kx.i'iloiiof Mary N.(WI> iilemlslii'd liy pT1H»)». .||'."l " " ChUIb Irtdaiul. lll.'> .|i;w " " ^'^l^ce. 4lli» I'erseoutlon of V. vs. Protootunts-Dutch. Terrlflod I)t(fiMi(,'ol<,'Hs Irolund. .'WOO Uuprotucted by law-Irulund. .•)ir)l PROTKMTATION. Absurd 'I'Imimr. *.1M.'I 4lii\ t una (1 4131 11 Scotlnnd 'ti.'m ** Kniiico. III) 1 ti •1115 tch. 8(l7fl PROTI<:STATIOIV!«. Churucterlstlc-Celt.s. PHOVIDKIV<'l«. Dellveniiicd by p.-Columbiis. DellverlDK |>. -NHtioTial. Detention of p. t'roniwoll. UlreotlnK p.-IMlKrlniH to N. E. Disposed of p.-l'llffriuis. Olfts of p.-Socruto8. In HlHlory Wm. P. of Ornnue. " " -I'lyiuoulli Colony. National p.-KnKliind. OverruUnt; p. .Missions. Protectlntf p.-Wiii. I' of O. Special p. -.Minor saved. iSubmisslon to p. -Socrates. Trust in p.-Wni. P. of Orange, " " " -A. Lincoln's. Vindication of p.- Persecution ••l.vil ♦1.^15 ♦•l5-(fl •1547 *1.M8 *l.>t9 *\rM '■15.')1 ♦-l.Wi *4r)r)4 ♦45.^5 ♦45.'J0 *45.57 ,*15.5S *4.5.MI .♦IStJi) In lINtory of Ami^rlca. WH ilitinei II. 4Sai New Kniland 4.WJ " " " " New Kruiit-B." ;r;H7 Pliri^liann of I^. .'llW!! " " " Mpiiiilub warn. mcj ImprvMiilvu p. Ill opt'iiliiK of Am Ull liitlmailoiiHof p Am l{i'pul>IU'.i;s.'i III InvtiiitluiiN Watt and A. vR)h; MlN.|iidK<>d-('alamlly Sin. ;I7»7 Nailonal p. Domain of Texait. t.M7 Olxtdli'ticd to p Cromwell. I;ih;i OrderlliKH of p. N. IIoumIhii. .'I'.'.M UocoKiil/.ed by Kll/.alielli. 4SII Sii. HKSTI.W. K.\TKiiiiil linn I.I /(»■. PROVO<'4TIO:>. DaiiKeroiis p. Ilfbi'lllon. 7X1 >.■.. i;.\Asn;uArii)N. ItaMhnuHK of u.-KtImn Allen. *IU(I7 Calmness provoki's «. .Hoeratex. 7iiO by Inliiiinanlty Sepoys. .1HI7 In Misfortune feaii'd. it;t)7 Sim. UKsKN I MKNT in luc. PIIOWKNN. Military p ll.llyiirliH. •■1801 si'M itit.\vi:ia !n ;,„•. PICOXV. CruHS ift'tTf run-. IiiHuniolent Aiiu'iixiiM ini Sec UKI'ltK.'^KNTATIVK. I Piinlslied 111 r.~Klnt(of BnK. *477.'t j Kfllcleiiey by means of r. .'Ih;;:) PiTsonallty lost In r. till I Silent r. A. .lackson-ConKress, .'ilU.J Sci' .KniSTITI'TK 111 /,(,•, PUt»i':iv<'K. MJHct'lhiru Mils crnHHrcturoiiccrt. LouRevlty by p. Locke, vs. I,()ve-.\(jesllaus. Military p. felt, not seen. S..' i'i).NSl':ilVATI.>. Amateur p Pulmeraton in:. riii .•i.Hll ii;!):i 1 1 ','4 irr> ii'jii of Capital-Uomans. 7()U characteristic c. Halifax. .'■)717 of the Cliun'h I'resumed-.Ias. II.H.'iV Mlscellancou.s croMB-relVrenom. Angry p. -Death by llKhtnlnif. 3299 Deliverance by p. -Dream. 1Ti4 Delivering p. -Wesley from fire. 119 Dependence upon p.-Llncoln. 4380 Facilities of p.-(;out of BaJazet.flU Faith In p.-Latlmer. 6147 Great men come by p. 3581 Impossible-Man or mouse. Opposition of c, Light, of Property-owners. " Pulpit, Political c. Huinous c.-Monmouth. See CAUt; in toe. PRIJDKHY. <;r4irt:^rt'I'ereiict'. Puritanic p. -Statuary. S.-u MODKSTY in toe. PURIiI»SHKRS. Mlsei'Uarii'ims crnMS-refurt'iioys. Mistakes of p. -Hooks rejected. Kestralned liy EnRllsh law. Ste DDOK.S ami I'KEiSS m loc. 4.510 4."«W lais 330 6.30 6-^ PIINI'TIALITV. rr-'B* ri'fi-rt- lici*. Long chHraetrrlxlii' p, (^iilney. 4:ihH ^.•■ I'miMI'TM'.MM ,n /...•. PI NINII.^KI^T. Capital p I'iiiglMi I'otlc. •i.vi-l lii'Hcrvi'd I'lliis (lull's. •|,M),-, " Moiir/oiitle. •l.MUl Kffectlve p. Prompt. •4.'i«', Kxcesslve p.- Kd Kloyd. •46tiN lliefrectlve p. Capllal Kng. *l.'i II III iM'oi)ortlonod p.-Quakers. Ineffectual p. for idleness. In Kind " fiold down throat." " " -Kosamoiid. Merciless i). of adulterer, by MutllatUm Scots of Parriclde-Uomans. " Perjury Romans Death. Petulant p. -Komans. Pitiless p. -Kngland. Posthumous p.'Hody burntHl. Post-mortem p. -Corpse. II II II of Poverty-England. 41 II II " Rebels-Quartered. Ueformatory p.-Lycurgus. of llepresentatlves-Klng. by Retaliation-Arson. Satisfaction In p.-'" Hand." Ill 3 1 IK I 4:1 1 I.l'l'.l ■1M(KI K'HO 1331 1.3,-)7 1.3im •M'A) I(i-I7 174.'i p-'i-i 31. Ml arsi i;iv,> WU) 4U3I Sfv'W 5(J-> 126.'. 12i« !Wtl3 5791 4(X)7 41 12 l.HI) 572 4850 4t;.51 rO VeuKoance for r.-Calherlne. 5780 Victim of r. by soldiers. 011.3 War caused by r. 5910 RAPT l> RE. Cross-rcfcreii':!'. of Martyrs-Soots-Irou boots. 2008 See K(;STASV. liellKious e. Jolin Bunyan. ♦irUH RAKC'AIilTV. Crd.srt-rofereiico. <.'enius for r.-Sir .lames BagRO. 5U'3 tSee VILLAINY. lie >7ard of v.-Titus Outes. *5831 .•MS-rffi'n.' net's. by Explanation-Wra. and Maiy I'.yl Impi)8iil)lo James H. and Pari 3853 Independeuoo better than r. 391^ One-sided v.-Virij>lara. 53fil ( pportuiiity for •. lost- J. II. 39iC Saorifiee for r.-I,ifo. 14;>7 Supcrfieial r.-()rl(!aiis and B. 2095 " -DyiiiK Kred. II. 2202 See CONCIMATIO.V. by Favors-Anne of Austria. *1030 Policy of c, Cie-iar's. *1031 vs. Threatenluff-Offisar. *1033 One-sided c.-Loril llowc. 'i'.i^o " " "-(Jen. I'utterson. 3991 Sre I'KAC.'E in loc. RECORa. Mutilated r. I'arliiiiiu'iit. 4b30 See HiS'l'OKY in loc. RECOVERY. <'rnss-rcl"ei\'ltce. Triumph denied to mere r. I.'jO See liESTI'I'l'TIOX. Conscientious r. -Cromwell. ♦1828 See CfUK in loc. RECRE.VTION. Excessive-" (JeMilemen." *4037 Extravatfant-liajazct. *l(i;W Miseellarietms eri'sri-roferenees. Degraded Ijy r.-Koinaiis. 220 Discomfort in r.-Fashlon. 218^4 in Muaie-.Miitoii. 2498 " " -M Luthor. 7G1 Simple r. of Puritans. 2690 See HOLIDAY. Perverted-Christmas a fast-day.4704 fee UELAXATIOX. In Humor- A. Lincoln. 2C78 Laughter, Irai)ortance of. 8137 See AMUSEMENT :iiul UUMOK in loc. REDEiUPTION. Price of r. of Calais. *4039 See AT(i\KME.\T. nellef of Am. Indians. 5158 or V'enj{eauec-Ani. Indians. 4848 See KANSOM. Paternal r.-t.'iOOO. MOIS Willing r.-Kl.tiard II. •4014 Immense r. of Darius for quein. 180 fora Life Alarie. UK Priceof r.-Louis IX. 1520 Prodigal r. expliiincil. 2705 REDRESS. ( 'rits.s relererue. Excessive r.-KnlKht.«. 2800 See KEVKNdlO /// '".■. REVINEITIENT. Chara.\ in loc. REFORITI. Civil ?('rvice r. -Alfred. Xeeded-Kom. society. 2199 0017 *4G47 ♦4048 Crossrefereiices. Humble r.-Cath. Wilkinson. 531 Ilidlculed -( a'cniiar chunged. 090 REEORi^ATION. Political r.- Horaans. *4049 Silent t. il r. *10,'JO Violent religious r. ♦■h;.M >i.>cellaiie()na cross-refereiices. Beginning of r.-Martyrs. 1233 Dl'ncult Social r.-Irish. 719 Fanaticism endangers r. 20S4 Governmental, need f r.-£ng. 127 Hopeless of r.-.Iames II. .3853 " " " -Poor Ireland. 4253 Impo.~>ible by .\nglican Ch. 880 Political r.-Kparta. 1000 I in M.inhooil-Aristotic, 0192 I by ^ilutiny- Kiiglish N'avy. 3759 Opposed by Hclfint ,!rest-L. 207 Pardon without r.-Cap't Nutt. 400o Perseverance Iri r.hy Ab I'ti'iustsl 17 1 y Uidiculr-Peter. 1124 htiddcn r. Konians-Rlenzi. 1892 Transient r. of .lames II. G08t Vile origin of Eiig. Keformatl'n.I955 of Wayward son. 0.37 0211 ■Wisdom in speedy r. .3702 "Women aid in r. -Scots. 0133 Youthful r. -I). Crockett. 037 See UEl'ENTAXCE and UEVIVAL in loc. REEORITIER. by Accident 'I'hos. CUrkson. *4052 Impetuous r.-John Knox. ♦4053 Impracticable r.-(;arlyle. *4054 MlKCellnueoug croiw-refereiices. Discouraged-Peter the fireat. S^JOl Forsaken by thepeo|ile-.\riiold. 879 Haillery at r., Drinkers'. 2944 REFORITIERS. Corrupted religious r. *4ii55 lingUsh r.-I8th century. *10.50 False r.-Seneca. ♦4057 Helfcondemned r.-Pilygaray. *40.58 Miaeellatiei u.-* eri>^^ referenet'r^. Age of English r 5221 I'artiailty of r. Ijigland. 5220 REFUOE. Sanctuary for v. I5tli century. * i059 Secured in America. *40(JO Ml.Kcel la! irons ern.s,- icurtiices. Failureof r. I':,irth()inike-Lisbon.731 in Prayer from adviM-sity-G. W.4388 -A..J.438- Tcmple of r.-Founding of J;cjme.38( .'^ee ASVLCM. of Hefuge-Home. - .81 Poor man's-Colony of (ieorgia. 532 See SAKETV io ioc. REFI .^AL. Contemptuous r. cl.iudius. *400I 'hsdainful r.-Caled. *40f;2 Happy r , Alexander's. ♦4(103 Insincere r.-Themlstocles. *4004 RFdiAI.IA. Dislike for r.-Na|)iilci)i'. 751 REfiiRErS. Death-bed r.-W ol.-ey. 4014 " awakens r. 2198 See SOKIKIW in loc. REI(>>'. Longest r.-7- >'rs. -Louis XIV. ♦1005 rr(isrt-refrre!iri\ Infamous r , short, fat;il. 3078 See GdVEUN.MENT a:..! ni'LEli in ''"'■, REIIV FOHCEIVI EN'i". Dangerous r.-Kin'grants to Va.*40fi6 See ALLIES :,. I,,c. REJOICING. Miscellaiiei'us cr. i?> letVrenceH. in Deliverance-Montfort. 0042 Premature r.- Fatal. 1003 "-" Land ! Land !" 1005 See ECSTASY. Kellglous e.-John Piinyan. 1708 See .Il'lilLI-E. National British, year 1809. ^3032 Sec KAVTUKE. of Martyrs-Scots Iron boots. 2098 See .TOY in to, . RELAPSE. HollRious r. prevcnted-Death. 133(1 Spiritual r. Impossible. 1841 See APOSTASY in loc. RELATIVES. M i seel Ian eims ernss-referenees. Benefit of good r.-Emp. Aurelius.38a Responsibility for conduct of r.4570 Sacrificed to ambition of T. 192 RELAXATION-RELIGION. See KIN'DKKD. Confidence of 4i. withheld. 0801 Hce KINH.MA.N. LIne.s reversed of klnship-Inds. 2068 Obllxatlon of k. to Maliomet. 918 See FAMILY in loo. REIiAXATION. Mlsculliinoous cross-references. In Humor-A. Lincoln. 2078 Laughter, Importance of. 'A\?^ See HECRKATION. Excessive r.-" Gentlemen." *I7 Fanaticism in r.-Monkery. 3(is3 3081 " 3(iH5 " " "-Joan of Arc. iiom of Fear-Af. Luther's training. 8-,'3 " " -Jolin 'iunyan. 1081 Folly of Pagan r.-" Cats." 217:.' Forced converts to r. 1185 " r.-Protestant. 913 " -Emp. Adr'nlc'smade am.17 Formality an obstacle to r. 858 Frauds In r. -Grecian oracle. 3910 Freedom in r.-Ct lony of Md. 231 " of conscience in r. UiiO vs. Gentility-Offence. 2(i5(i (iovernment str'ngth'n'd by r.-P.3U9 Uateful r. of bigots. .5008 5069 of the Ueart-M. I.uther. M80 Iloroisin 'jy r.-Uoundheads. STAO Homotrntnln^inr. 1819 " r ot Cromwell. 3919 Honored en the scaffold. 1441 Hostility of I'lirks to Moslei^s. :" Humane Influ'^'uf of r. 5195 Humility 'leedfr.i to r.-Cross. 1319 Hypocrisy in r.-Tam-js IL 809 " " -Chas. II. 5091 vs. Immorality. 1119 Inconsistency iu r.-F ilk the B. 100 " " " -Ciusaders. 3-111 Independence In r.-Puritiins. 279:; Ii:dependentln r.-B. Franklin. 2824 ' lui i B erence In r.-Charles II. 2794 IridifTerent which r. 61.59 liiduencf of r.-Force of ch'ract'r.,575 Inhumanity, H. a pretext for. 2801 Injured by hypocrites. 2090 Iiisaniiy by r.-Wm. Cowper. 2883 Inspiration from r.-Hatlle-N. 4(H " of r.-CromweH's men. 311 IiiHpiros enterprise (,'olumbus. 1881 vs. Iiitomperanco. S9I4 liiloleranco in r.n. -Protestants. 2903 " to sects. 2!m4 Intolerant r. of John Knox. 49,59 of Kindness-John Newton. 3077 Liberality in r.-Cromweil. 3924 " of oi)inlonH in r. 3205 Licentiousness cloaked by r. 1038 of Love-Gospel of C. -Nap. 3317 Maintained by law-England. 25,56 Materialism rejected for r. .'j527 Means-Abomlnablo-InQulslti'n.2878 Melancholy in r.-G. Fox. 3504 Mixed r. of Koman pirates 4180 vs. Money-Dutch. 3075 Money power in r. 1097 Morality proceeds from r. 3700 belittled r.-Monk. 2732 without Morals-Churcliill. 1111 Motive important-Johnson. 3734 .Murder sanctioned by r. 1107 Nocessarj'-Failure of ath'lsm-F.2370 Needed by the poople-Napoleon..509 Neeciful for good soldiers. 4,591 " to the Stato-Fr. .5087 Negative r. of Thos. Carlyio. 4054 Neglect of r. rebuked. 01.58 Nominal r.-Curiiz-Iiua. 1170 " " -Coiistaiitiiio. 1177 Oath on relics, Sacred. 3840 Offensive r. of austere monks. 402 Office lei-s tluin r. 3867 Opposition to r.,Thoughtless-J. (Wl 0|)pre8sed by laws-Catholic. 2903 Outward vs. Inward r.-Pagan. 2085 " " " "-Krasmus.820 Patient suffering for ".-Martyr. 4028 Persecuted-Earnest r. 499!) " but unsubdued. 15.58 Personal effort in r.-Lincolu. 830 Political r." Great Lama, in Politics-Md. t^olony. " -Catliolic Uelief Bill. Popular r.-Jcsuits. Popularized-XInth century. Power of r. in army-Puritans. 2370 732 734 3014 3171 5249 " 5250 " " " " •' 5251 " " B254 " " "-Joan over captains. 412 Pretence in r.-Crusade. 2803 Pretext of r.-Blbulus. 38.50 Profession of r., Unworthy. 1132 I'rofligate head-.Mcx. III. 5010 lu.'l Progress-i'iilumbus. 0151 Pro-Jiotes morality-Chastity. 787 Promotion of r. by assassination. 307 Proof-, of r., .'^fran'. Publi'j profession intended. -L. c,-^y Kadlcalism in r.-Knox. 40.53 lieai'Mon of sin-.Ianies 1 i ()222 a'.'-iinsf Piiritur. ■■ 2994 Heform by r., Silent. 4(!.5fl Uefonnation by r., Violent. 4051 Ueforniers of r., Corrupte'l. 4055 Hejected- Amuse nientwelc'mt'd. 211) Konunulation of Christian r 251 Kestored to France. 3720 of Kevelry-Abysslnlans. 8.32 " Hcvcnge-Clovis for Christ. 821 Uldlcule of r. punished. 489(1 -Lawyer. 1089 Uldlculod-Catholic r.-Scots. 4130 Hacriflces for r.-Womeii. 0119 " " -Wm. Penn. 3970 Scandalized by adultery. 4305 " Tetzel. 4309 " " prostitutes. 398(! " " Simony. 1203 of Self-denial-American Inds. 5081 " Self worship-Caligula. 135a Sensual r. of Mahomet. 4210 " "-Mohammedan. 3992 Sensuality of Pagan r. 5100 Sinners love for r. 3.501 " r., A-James II. 6222 Slavery abolished by r. 5190 Soldier's r. In camp-IIastlngs. 481 " " makes superior. 20.'W of Solitude-Monks. 3.57 " " -J. Wesley's escape. 358 State benefited by r. 40.5() " protected by r. 5,328 " r. in Virginia-Episcopal. 2413 " needs r.-Germans. 1697 by Stateoraft-Cath. toCalvlnlst. 27 Strange conception of r. 5430 Strength by r.-Cromwell. 5.357 Strife respecting r.-CJreat ref. 140 about r., Public. 1530 Stylish c. for gentlemen. 4427 Success by compromise-Show. 3022 Sufferings for r.-Persecution. 2.5.57 Superior to passion-\Vesley-M. IJ98 Superstitio;^3 confidence In r. 1047 Supremacy of r.-Ooan of Arc. 417 Sympathy in r.-Puritans. ,5498 Taught by women-Goths. 0103 Test for offlce-James 11. ;)807 Tested by benevolence-Cripple. 5.50 Theatres originating in r. 43 Theoretical and destructive. 1050 Traitor to r. dishonored-Bp. H;;!! J Trials test r.-Uav. J. Nelson. 40.33 Trifling in Luther's observations. 53 True ambition is in r. 2379 Truths essential to r. -Lincoln 8:« Tyranny In forced r. 1190 Vnehaste r. of Pagans. 1075 of Vice-Paganism. 3971 \ iolence in reforming r. 6133 in War-Scots-Puritans. 5821 Wealth sacrificed to r.-Wesley.5978 " endangers r. Zeal forr., Misdirected. " " " punished. ■' " '■ ""a'se-Partlsans. - e . . ■■ )RATION. ''ui\.>'ii i:.-jW:': Tjperor's. 5960 6220 221 4017 *59 -'. Ulocletian. 26 UKLKJION. m S51 ar'v'fi t. 81' 1 4M!Mi 10H!» 4130 (ill!) 3970 4m-, ■Vim l;i()8 8. 5l)M( snic,' 5100 .•ir,()i 51U0 4H1 •M;iH :ir>7 ■ 3r,H 4(ir)(j 5328 24).} 169r 535? •ef. l-)(i 1530 •14-Jr o\v. ao2i n. ;l'55? ■-JI. «i)8 r. 104? c. 417 5498 C103 3H(i? pie. 550 43 1050 Hal! ■? 4033 oils. 53 S37!) I 8.S0 1190 I«?5 39?4 6133 5821 5'.59?8 5900 csao 221 401? *59 ae Sec APOSTASY. Open a. of Konittnus. *y51 Primitive a. by persecution. *25a Dl.sortsdltable-I'rotostant. KiicuuraKed by law-Maryland, Kxplalned-IniHinsistency. Keactlon of forced converts to Required of officer. .ScH' Al'O.STATE. llonorod unwisely. iSUameful Justus. .Sic AI'OSTATKS. Forgiven byi)rlnililve C. Malice of a.-KniKlits Templars, " " " -Julian's. See AP().STI,E. Ijast a.-Mahomet. See ATIIKI.>5. Nation of a. -No. See ATMOsriirCUIC. Convulsions by a.-Oracle. See AI'd.VKMK.XT. Belief of Am. liidiiiiis. or VonKoance-Am. Indians. See ArsTKKlTY. E.xample of a. -Younger Cato. Monkish a. in Egypt vs. ProlllKacy-stuart? restored Religious a.-Uev. John Newton " "-Prlsc'illlanlsts. " "-Monks, A.i). 3?0. Amusements suppressed by P. Hurtful a.-Unneoessary. Imagination inflamed by a. with Licentiousness-Spartans. Reaction against a.-Puritans. liefuge in a., Melancholy. Religious a.-St. Francis. " " -Puritans. " -Pascal. " " -Pillar Saints. tt 14 4i 41 " " Ineff'ectlve. " " -Rev. Bramwell. in Virtue-Stoical. See AWAKENING. Spiritual a.-Bunyan. 14 44 (> " -Tei rible-Bunyan. " " -Martin Luther. " " -Terrifying- Nelson. " " " Bunyan " -A. Clark. " " -Bartley Campbell. "-H. D. (Jough. " Misery In. " " -Melancholy-Fox. " " by Prayer. " " Unhapplne.ss by. K»e BAPIISM. Procrastlnated-Christian pros. 1930 , 4110 27;i a.«20 ]4?1 31?? 13.-i9 *233 193!» 2540 2589 2008 2370 473? 3047 51,58 4818 *39? *3!)8 •399 ♦100 ♦401 ♦402 222 1101) 2090 0I3V 30.) .3503 3301 4207 4081 4700 5012 4770 6085 5(U2 1180 .509 5 ICO 117S 11. '-9 .1191 IIM 4103 1179 1193 3504 1188 1192 453 Second b. -Roger Williams. 4."1 Trust in b.-Vices. 4724 See BAPTISTS. Pioneer of K. -Roger Williams. ♦454 .See lillll.K. Adaptation of the B. (;«!. C()ng.^5 Diffusion of the B. Tyndale. *:m Discoveries In the B. -Luther. ♦,■.0? Dl.splac»<) Puritanic b.-Kiiglish Puritans. *5;)0 •1181 •1123 3080 0179 Km 529 5255 ♦1175 •1170 •1177 ♦1178 .•1179 ,♦1180 ♦1181 ♦1183 ♦1183 j Anxiety of c. I'oi' Indians. r,<.m '■ Change by <'.-Hen.ijiniin .Vbbott.lioa i:lmiii.'es eiieniy to filend. ;;046 ( oliillli'l eliaii;;i il by c. iKK) by Cruelty spunish priests. v;,sOl Kvideneed-" Strangely wurin," 1122 Ignored In Clnirch-niember.>-hlp. 878 by -Marriage -Pocahontas. i; 13 .Means ot c. -A, Llneoln. .•,708 ' -lliinible Tract. ,50,52 Necessary to the State. l,so7 Proof of c. -Indian. .3r,18 Published by newsmonger. 2(00 Sudden e. of brigands -Joan. l.")59 from Vice .Ministry. 2.j.-,i I Moraau's Wdik In e. 0094 ! See Cii.WEK.Slo.V.S. ! Slow c. of Mahomet. •1184 by Sword of clKirlemagne. *11S5 S.r CilNX-KKT. Renegade e. Lord Sunderland. ♦1180 \'iclous c.-Dryden a Catholic. .3144 Zealous Mohammedan o. 1184 See CONVEKTS. by Cruelty-IIuguenots. 4119 Kxecuted-lneas by Spaniards. 1175 l''iil-ie c. by coinpnjnilK!. .302*-} Saved by miirderlDg-Irlsh. 1.3.36 Seeking c. a duty. ](i03 Spurious c. -Worldly. 453 Tested by pt'i-sectition. 4124 Unholy zeal forc.-Baptlzed or d.l99 See C'ONVICTU)N. Popular c. -Joan of Arc. *1187 Prayer for c.-fittorge Miiller. ♦1188 of Sin-John Nelson. ^1189 strange b. -American Puritans. *:m In Benevolence-James II. 528 j Blinded by b. -James II. 40H5 '• Clerical b.-Contitry parson. 270? [ Display of b, -James U. mno 1 Foolish b. of James II. 31? liarraonious b. -Bristol. .'iCiiit; Mortified bj- benevolence. 3720 , Protestant b.-C. disfranchised. 732 Rebnk''d-Dr. Arnold's plea. 7:,' ] I'eligious b.-Turk vs. Persian. MKO 1 Rule of b.- James If. 3.549 See HL.VSl'HF.MY. \ by Compaii.' Vision of ()()(! by f.-Am. Ind *J83 Voice of God by f.-Joan. 3384 See FASTS. Religious f. of Abyssinians. 833 See FRAUD (Kelioiovs). " Departed spirit." 3353 Religious f.-Imapes. 1283 " "-Weeping virgin. :K-M " "-Grecian oruole. 311-10 " "-Holy Lance. 4li(i7 "-Relics. 4008 ti It ti 40C0 (• 11 4i 4670 11 It II 41)71 II II II 4073 1* tl II 4073 II II Ik 4674 II Ik Ik 467.'-. kl 11 II 4670 Spiritualistic f.-" Knock." 3555 See HEAVEN. Carnal h., Alahomefs. *2.'i40 Division of h.-Swedenborg. ♦3511 Materialistic h., Bossvell's. *'i'Ai Views of h. -Adaptation. *3.>44 Visited by Mahomet. *3.544 Warrior's h. -Scandinavians. *3545 Absolute d. of life. 3843 to Amnsement-Angclus. 3800 " Banner-Mohuinnu'dan. 2507 Blind d. of Persian assas.slns. 374 Bxternal d. to the pope. 3075 Filial d. -Seeking pardon. 3008 Reward of d.-Garlbaldl's. 4043 Secret of d. -Money. 8705 Servant's d. to mistress. M3() of Soldiers-SwodestoChas. XII.13.!!) Soldier's d. to standard. 3838 to Study-Young Napoleon. 5375 Terrible oath of d. by gladiators. 103 of Wife-Lafayette's. 4318 " Woman-H. Wentworth. 2510 " " -Mrs. Unwln. 2883 to Women-Knights. 2800 See FAST. Rellglous-Early MethodI:ts. *3)05 See IIYI'UCUISV. Brazen h.-Pope Adrian VI Diplomatic h -Napolcdn 1 Exposed-Uollglous-Charle- 111 l''rlendshlp-Klval dukes. Invlted-Purltan Parliament. Religious h. -Rival dukes. " " -Roman phllos. Approaching near to h.-Taylor..3403 Children In h -Swedenborg. 0207 or llell-John Banyan. 1085 Infants In h.-Swcdenborg. 3818 Letter from St. Paul to Pepin. 3190 Nearness to li. in sickness. Visited by Mahomet. Women in h. -Mahomet. See HKLL. Necessary-Prest. A. Jackson. Temporary h.-5Iohammedan. 51.31 .3638 3992 *3.547 ♦2548 Political h. -Augustus. Religious h. -Charles IL See I.MMOKTALITY. Belief In 1. by poet Shelley. b'alth In I., Arab's. Hope of 1. -Walter Raleigh. *3093 •2093 *3fi04 jn!)5 *2690 •3697 ♦3098 4350 4711 ♦2745 ♦2740 ♦2747 Belief In I l;,'norance directing 1. 'I'ruth outraged by I. See MIRACLE. Fraudulent m.-Weeping V. Fear of h.-Samuel Johnson. 1423 Apparent m. -Walls fall. Constructive m.-Wm P. of O. Contempt for false m. Failure of expected m. Popular ni. -Coincidence, by Saints only, of Superstltlon-Perslan. " " -"King's evil." Supposed ni.-Joan of Arc. See MIltACI.KS. False m. -Delphic priests. " " Mahomet's. II II 41 by Martyrs Catholic. Modern ra. -Pascal's. Monkish m.- Legendary. See PREDESTINATION. Belief In p.-Wm. P. of Orange, " " " -Scandinavians. Extreme view of p. Timely p. before birth. SeePROPIIEUY. False p.-Emplres. Unconscious p. -Virgil. ♦4624 -Socrates. 3700 " " " strengthens. 1413 of Brutes doubted-S. Johnson. 680 Burial for l.-Am. Indians. 1425 Confident of i.-Bunyan. 1102 Effective Christian doctrlne-O. 834 Preparation for I. by bravery. 1410 Soul's I. -Socrates. 5270 Stimulates courage, Belief In 1. 1424 In Work-Church-biiiidlng-Mah. 864 See INDULGENCE. to Sin by penance. 2800 See INDULOn.VCES. Carg. ofl.-Papfii. ^2801 Papal, by Tetzel. +3802 Sale of i.cinirch building. ^2803 of Appeiit3, De.'nided by. 380 -Shameless 300 -Voraclou3-Johns'n.2183 Sale of 1., Teizol's. 5104 to Sin-Pope Leo. 5150 See IN(K'ISrriON. Abominable in Spain. *3877 Rornish 1. in France. ^3878 721 ■ac'-'o ,5831 4555 353S 2087 905 5704 1385 1380 2805 ♦303! ♦3033 ♦3033 ♦3634 ♦3625 ♦8620 ♦4404 ♦4405 43W 1845 ♦4523 of America's future-Lafayette. 210 " " -Stormont. 212 Fictitious p.- Confucius of C. 895 See PURGATORY. Compensations of p.-Moham. ♦4580 Mohammedan p. -Punishment. ♦4581 Belief In p.-Anclent Persians. 2351. Mohammedan p. -Seven hells. 2548 See REDE.MI'TION. Price of r. of Calais. ♦4639 See RESURRECTION. Hinted by ancients. 483'i Belief In r.- American Indians. 2659 See REVERENCE (Religious). Religious r. -Pagans. ^4870 for .\ninial8 -Egyptians. " Clergy excessive-Ferd. 11 Excessive religious r.-Pagans. Foolish r.-Sacred goose-Goat, for Rellcs-Rellglous. 2171 031 4870 5451 4076 4678 Restraint of r.-Repairlng temple. 876 Superstitious r. for the Bible. 583 See RITUALIS.M. Rejected-Catholic r. •:. Eng. ♦4915 Trifles vitiate service In r. See SAKiT. Austere s.-Francls. B\oody s.-Slglsmond. Fanatical s. -Simeon Stjlltes. vs. Heretic-Joan of Arc. Useful s,, Zoroaster's. See SAINTS. Canonized by pope. Marks of s.-Joan of Arc. Pillar s.-Slmeon Stylltes. Worship of 8. Introduced. by Ansterltv-^Ioiiks. Faiiaiicism of s.-Monkeiy. Pillar 8., Folij of. Kcign of 8. -Fanatics. 468f 836i 4186 4706 5012 1726 6155 ♦,5010 ♦,5011 ♦5012 ♦5013 402 3083 4706 2092 See CATHOLIC, CHRIST, CHRISTI- ANITY, CHURCH, CLERUY, CREEDS, DEPRAVITY, IDOLATRY, .MARTYRS, .METHOD- ISTS, MYSTERIES, NUN, ORACLE, PERSECUTION, SECT.S, SI.\ and WORSIIII' ill IOC. RElflEDIES. Miscellaneous crosu-referenceB. Nature's r.-Air, sunshine, etc. 2691 {^uack r.-Superstltlon. 1383 REMEDY. by Force-Chinese. ♦47,58 Strange r.-Walling. ♦4759 Mlscellaneoun cross-references, for the Demonized. Superstitious r. -Pestilence. " " -Religious. REinElTIBUAIVC E. Cross-references. 01 Insult by Cyrus. Painful r. revived. See MEMORY in .'oc. 1566 544;) S455 2001 2640 •4C24 ♦483» 483i 8171 11 88 J ins. 4870 )at. 5451 4070 4U76 inple.876 le. 585 <. *4916 468t 8304 418S s. 4706 50ia 1786 0155 *5010 *5on ♦5019 *6013 1566 544;) 5455 200J 3645 IlEMINISCEXCE-RESEMBLANrE. RBItIINIS€ENCE. Krrquent, A. l-lnooliix, HEITfORSIi:. Perseontor's r.-Cbarles IX. Royal r.-Kdward IV. Mlscellaiicoun croBfrirircncci AsBassln's r.-Nero. of Con801ence-(,'harloH I. of iDKrate eon-Richard. Murderer's r.-C'onstans II. ReneKade's r.-Argylc. Victim of r.-CIotalre. RBNKGADIi;. 8bameful rellt^louM r. See A POST A TF. RKNOWIV. for Honesty-Arlstldes. of Infamy-ErostratuB. Literary r.-Samuel Johnson. Noble r.-PerlcIes. Mlscfllunooiii cross-referencf. by Architecture- Perlole.i. See HONORS in loc. RENT. Refused by anti-renters. REPARATION. for Disloyalty-Atonement. M«78 •17110 •I7IU 1110 1118 ll)»l 1108 i;ioi 118(1 *17tiv' *47(i.'i *I7I11 ♦■lT(i5 Spiritual a.-MelanchoIy-Fox. a.'.04 " byprajer. ii88 " ITnhapplnBHH by. iiuj Si'O CONVEKSIOX, I'ENAiN'CK iind 1'|;mti;n('I'; /;. ;w. IlEPKESENTATIVK. Punished In r.-KIng of Kii^. 'irra MlRccllaiH'oim chihs rifinnci's. Kfflclency by means of r. 3H.i3 Personality lost In r. .|iu yilent r.-A. .Iiiok.son-ConKress. 'M'.ti Sio AtiKN'T, Ignorcd-CIiireiKlon by Jiimos IF. 08 s™ St'llSTITIITE iiiluu. Crofis-refcrt'iiCfH. Death-bed r, of Mahomet. Enforced-Jews wronged. Insufficient r. for insults. Sacred heralds to demand r. REPARTEE. Apt r. of J. Wesley. REPENTANCE. Attractlye-M. Luther. Ineffective r., Whitefleld's. Publlo r.-John Underbill. Sudden r.-S. Johnson. Miscellaneous cross-referciicts. of Apostate Christlaim. a>"i by Coercion, Failure of r. 431)6 Death-bed r. of Wolsey. 4i;ii " " -\Vm. the Conq. I4i:) on Death-bed-Willlarall. loni Fictitious r.-Caracalla. 1096 "-Pirates. nil by Flasrellation-James II. 11.3.1 without Restltutiun-PaliBoloKus. 13 Substituted by money-Indulg. 71] lTtl8 ♦ircii *4r6r iiiii 1 1:!(; ;io6o 8868 ■il *I768 ♦4769 ♦■1770 ♦4771 *irra HEPUI.TIANO. Fictitious r.-Lttfayutte., of Kindness-Johnson. (.'rdHa-refcTi'iici'. Public r. of Roman con.s<)r. REPRISAL. Ilonest-Cromwfll. •177 J 717 '•177(i REPUTATION. Illomlshed Nupoleon I. ChanReful r.. Robert lliirnH. Deceptive r.-('hailes XII. Kvll r.-Ireland. False r.-Arlstldes. Fictitious r -Oen. flias. Leo. Field for r.-\VnHhlnirton. Mixed r., Alexaiuler'H. Preserved, Lincoln's, for Prohlty-Cati). Stained r,, William I'lit's. for Veraclty-,raniesll. 928 ♦47H4 ♦1785 ♦178(1 •1787 ♦1788 ♦ I78!l • I7))() ♦1701 ♦I71)'v' ♦I7»l ♦17UI ♦471(5 Mlst'ellaiii'iMis cnisa-rcfonnrca. Precedent for r. 4;i(i,-, RiKht of r.-A rail'-- 4!),'6 i REPROACH. I Escape from v. Napoleon 1. ♦4;77 ! (Jentle r,-Anaxa)?(jras. ♦1778 i MiM'i'lliuu'uri^ cross-rt fcrencc'S. Aroused by r.-lirutus. ,369 I Bribery of Demosthenes. 673 | Desperation from r.-Valens. !)|3 ; Irritating r.-Johnson by Mi.ss S.215 I Life saved In r. ]o:jf^ | Mutual r. -James I L mo Noilly received-Alexander. 4(i,)l ( for Pusillanimity-Justinian. K':w ' .Sc>; DISIiKACE, DISHONOR ai,.l 1 !-'LA.\DER in lou. MlHccIliincmm crniwrpferoncc-i. A(!eldental-Van Buren's Admin. 51 Hot on r, One- William I'enn. 607 " Cwsar's captives. (Kw Borrewed-WashlnKton Irving. .3771 Burled with the person. ];«I7 vs. Chanuiter-Lycurgus. :i-xi ('oiilid(ui('e in r. -Cicero. loas Contempt for r., D, eeptlve. 616a Contradictory r.-Robort the D. 3766 Cost of social r.- Kstlmafe. ,3671 Deceptive r -Commodus. 574,3 Di'lajed, Jobti Milton's. L'.3:jr> Destroy('d by avarice Dcmostli. 073 Destruction of r. neetissary. ly.w Disregarded Kffr'nt'ry of "ii. F.".37 REPROOF. Meekness in r.-Dr. 'I'iiylor. * 1779 L'ndeserved-Dr. Arnold. *it,so Undisturbed hyr.-G, Wa.^li. *irni Superflolal r.- James II Transient r. of Antony. See .VWAKEMXO. Spiritual a.-Jolm Bunyan. 1133 4610 1180 569 "-Terrible-Bunyan. 5100 "-Martin Luther. 1178 "-Terrifying- Nelson. 1189 " " -Bunyan.noi "-A. Clark. 1181 "-Hartley Campbell. 4103 "-H. D. Cough. 1170 "-Misery in, 1193 Misci'IIuin'oiifl cross references. of Age, Valuable r. Apt r. for effect. Death by r. Tetzel'.-<. Desired-tJoori Kinp. Julian, of Meddler. Delicate r. Sagacious r.. Wife's. by Satire-S. Johnson, of Wife-.MrH. (;eo Washing'! on See CEN.'iCKE and REIiUKl in !n.-. oo;io j8«8 .■i.vio ■i.ssi 4rM REPLRLIC. In Decay-Roman. Presaged-John Cabot. I *47S3 *4rs3 Misceilaneuus cro8.«-refereiices. Providential intimation of r. 47*3 Ruled by one will. gui " ' -Washington. 88:i0 Virtue the basis of r. SH55 Hnvi(Hl-Aristldes. 1910 False r. given-Henry Vllf. 3153 " " of wealth. 5979 Cood r. at bome-Llnc(plii. 1488 • iiai-ded- Athenian Judges. ,i0.38 for Iloni'sty C. Washington. 3011 Honorable r.-Hrnperor Titus. 4:!(i7 Indifferent to r.-("iitlllne. :19a Lost by avarice- Demosthenes. 673 .Maligned-Charles Wesley. 70a Mixed r.-Washington Irving. 3771 Overestimated-Napoleon. S.'jOS -Poniney. ^ " -Cen.Chas. Lee. 4789 Questioned-Honesty-KIng J. 2618 vs. Reality- James L 21 -,t Rescued by bIstory-Cromwell. 2.->77 Restored, < romwell's. 3075 Sacrlficed-Tool of tyranny. .'1548 " for money-( lias. I. ,3003 Shameful r.-Diek Talbot. .3202 Spur to valor. r>7m by Success-Washington. 5408 -Yorkshire. 5409 Time for growt li J. Milton. .3310 Unjust r. for avarice-Joseph II. 778 Wronged by rival. 1911 See DiSTINCTIOX in he. REQIKST. Waiting for :i r. .\li xandcr. ♦4708 See E.NTKKATV in /,„■. BESE.MBLANtE. Startling r.- Inl-l-i ics: r. ♦4?,)7 See IMITATION. Fameless i.-Fenimore Cooper. *27 l.'J Unappreciated in art. *','744 of Genius-Columbus's egg. vs. Invention-Red Man. of Manners- J. Hogg. 8318 8909 3oe> y i)U 111 I'ulnlliiif, Servllo-l.Mli ociit. .li:. tiklll by 1. In 0uu arts AiiKelu. ai.'j Iittly. »I9 Hee 00(TNTKUKE1T. I'roiiervcd by a o, " Siiorud b."*!*.'.') UulicH maniiriK'turcd by an A.'l'.'vil HI)fnaturc-('oii«ul Antony. *iu-r,' IlKSENTMENT-UKSTltAINT. I IIIiNINTANf'E. I I'opular r. rrotcMtuiils. *IHU \ " "-UoHtonliiiis. ♦IMi.) I'rovokod by luKlslatlun. 'INI I Wisdom in r,-Am. patriots. ♦lMir< Iinposod iipciii (idldninlih. Si'c IIISOriSK In Inc. Cruel AU'Xuiider. liifaimmM-Utuiudlct Arnold, ra-s.-iioiiaie Maxtmln. < f ratrlots-l.ordcliatlmni. f'libllc Am. ( (ilunlsls. Savatjt' Tlieodori! Kascarls. Wiitilield Robbery. «f Wroiitfs -Irlshnuin. ^001 ♦•»79H *47iM» *MM ♦■IHOl ♦IMOa *48tl;) *4H(M *JH05 Ml..-i'rIl.iiR(iiis crnss-ruforenccs. Appeased with kisses. 3084 DUdained-Louls XII. aaoo Dishonorable -Treason. 41()!l Diverted by amusement. 3204 Kxpre.-'scil Um:\h\y. anul of Kliittery-Alcxamler. i'l.'iO FoolLsh r. of Xerxes. KWC Intidels treated wllh r. as;il of Insult by lilimarek. sa.'iU 'Opportunity for r.-clovis I. 4iW ! J'ulrlotlsin sacrlfieed to r. 300 ' Premalurc Bishop Buniot. ,')3tJ3 Vain lireaking the arrow. 391 WithheUl by fear AlcxUi.s. 7.J7 ."^.c I-.KVE.N'CiE ,/. Inc. RKNERVE. Social r S. .lohnson. ♦4800 t^,'r 111 MIMTV iiul MODESTY /// In. HESIOICNf B. Intolerable r.-I-oiidon. ♦4H07 S,i' II\VEM,IN(iS. Plainness In d.-Lyeurgus. ♦1754 See FAMILY ;iii(l IIO.ME in loc. KEKKiilVATION. Coercion by r. of office. ^4808 Easy r.-A. Lincoln. ^4809 Serene r.-Orlental. *48I0 Strength for r.-Bereavernent. •4811 .Mlitcullanedu.s trussreferiiiros. Assurance of r.-"l)aysof h'ttle.''3l9 ri'oV(jked, presumptuously. 4101 Sec l)EKi;.MK. a Bouduptc-Kall of Verona. Brave d. of Count (irrontlus Declined by Charles I. Krall d. at Waterloo. Heroic d. of I,a Kochello. Patriotic d. of ildlland. Savage d. Babylonians. ♦IlilH •1199 •ISOO •l.'JOl ♦I.MW ♦15(13 ♦l.')04 Misccllunetms cross-references. of Commission Ignored. 4049 " Office Farclcal-AuRustus. :i8H0 " " forced-Tory. ddS " " -.^ylla. 3H8a • " -Tyler's Cabinet. .39.35 Official r. rejected by Lincoln, S.IIG " -Honorable Bolivar. 893 Policy In r.- Augustus. 3881 Shameful r.-Emp. Vllclllus. 3879 See SriiMISSlOX. Humiliating .".-Ulchard IL ♦5-381 of Soul-Penitential s. *5.3H',' Delay needful for d. 5175 KxhIblllonsofself-defence-Eng.aiS impo.sslblc Trial of Dr.Batoman..'i-10 Neglected -Constantinople. (i05 Noble (l.-Slcnc of Melz. 'MOH Omitted on Sabbath Jc^ws. 49.S5 Self-defence at L'jiidonderry. 927 " in argument. 1,H57 See OI'l'iislTlii.N in loc. HEKOMITIOIV. Success by r -.^m. patriots. •4810 Mi..*cfll;llieous i-rn.i.s refereliet'S, .Moral r. of .M. I.iithcr. 1092 SiK^coss liy r. (icn. Fremont. hH!9 Unsurpa.ssed In r -Plzarro. 1008 Weakness of r., Moral. SO.'xl See DKTEHMI.VATIilN. A.sserted-"Swor(l shall give it. •1.5.55 Emphatic d. -Stone My ballot. *I.5.")0 Fixed d. -Joan of Arc. \ ♦1557 Oiwllnatc d -Scotch Presb.'s. ♦1.5,58 Strange d.-Joan of Arc. ♦1.559 for Success-" Win his spurs." ♦1.500 Want of d. -Philip of France. ♦1.501 Youthful d Alclblades. *1.502 Amiiitlousd. of Alex. Hamilton 185 Hesolute d. -Luther to Worm.s 120 Sucaess by d.-Wadsworfh, .39.50 See E.VEItnV //, loc. RESOUItC'ES. Cnias-relVrenee. of Genlu3-Ciesar"8. RESPECT. Beneficial-Samuel Johnson. aam ♦4817 <'rops-referencp. Withheld from Bishop Hall. 2 See H()MA(iE. Disgusting h. of .fames II. **590 Unsurpassed, S. Johnson's. ♦2591 Ilxacting s.-Jamos II. 248 ] Humiliating s. -Captive Einp. 2197 j Prayer of s. -Socrates. 4.5.57 i Soul's B. to God. 5382 I See PATIENCE in loc. ! Refused by Crusader, to Vanity of Diocletian. " " " (Jreek emperors. See KNEELING. to (iod oniy-Alex. Murray. 891 20 59 •30S5 Disgusted by king's k. 2,590 See COURTESY and REVERENCE HBNP05INIBILITV. Accepted Bishop SaiuToft. ♦lol8 Assumed by Jefferson. •4811* .\wud by r.-Coiit. Coiigro.ss. •4820 Evaded-J. Wlldman. •4831 ImpresMud by r.-Perlcles. ♦48!W Individual r.-Fiederlck II. ♦48*1 by Indulgence- Win. P. of (). ♦48^ Knowledge gives r.-Ala.cl'ms.^4829 omclal r.-Jullan. •4826 of Power-AutI slavery. •4H37 MlseellaneouH cruii.'i-refereiiceii. Anxiety of •• -A. Lincoln. 247 Author's r.-Rcgrets. 1249 Changes character- Vespasian. 2815 Confession of r. Sthenids. 3819 of Demagogue Vengeance on G. 40 Denied, Valnly-Monmouth. 5139 Division of r. Charles I. 1118 " " "-Dead horse. 2170 In (ioverninent Clarendon's C 50 impressed by r. -Lincoln. 455!) " " sense of r.-Llncoln.. 511 Insensible to r.- Judges. 51.38 Misplaced-Children punished. 803 on One mau-.lustlulan. 1238 of Position -Arrest of Bunyan. .'!I8 Prayer prompted by r. .5298 Remote r. -Booth -Dr. Mott. *10 Sense of r. wantlng-Ncro. 1347 Rubicon. 1 180 See KIHELITY in loc. REST. by Change of occupat ion-Nap. 2o.30 " " " work Southey. 0148 in Country-llfe-Burke. ;)798 I>enled to ambitious iMah'm't.II.202 Soul longing for r. 2538 See CO.N TENTMENT. In Gardenlng-Dlocittlan. ♦1118 under Hardships John Wesley. *1149 Inferior c.-Samuel Johnson. ♦11,50 with Poverty-Dlogcues. •1151 Price of c. -Napoleon I. ♦1158 Possession of 7 acres- Romans. 1,5a Postponed-" What then f" 1071 with Poverty-Abdolonymus. ,5085 without Rlcheii-Plioclon. 4882 See IDLENESS, RELAXATION ikiul SLEEP 1)1 loc. RESTITUTION. Conscientious r. -Cromwell. *4828 See RECOVERY. Triumph denied to mere r. 150 RESTRAINT. DIffloult-Marliu Luther. ♦4829 MIsoelliineous cross-references, of Etiquette-Dlst.asteful. 1927 Gentility favored by r -Johnson. 23 18 4.-)03 3418 Hateful to wild men. l)y Kudeness of rebukes. See SELF-COMMAND, against Fear-WilUam III. See >ELK-COXTR0L. Remarkable s.-c.-Duke Fred. ♦5083 ♦5083 I Ai)andoned-C. J. Fox. .5806 in Exciteme!il-(;. M'aslilngton.3400 t. ♦Irtia *IM1« 48. •JHtfO ♦4fWl UHSf) •48*1 (). ♦lH*t 'nis ♦4Hy5 •48a6 •4H37 iiceH , 247 1^4!) lau ^'Htr. 3819 oriU. 40 1. 5139 1118 8170 •so 50 4559 ncolii.SU 5138 3d. 803 1A38 an. ■■m r,'»m mo KMr 1180 UKsi i,is-i{i;vi;i{sKs *1118 ley.*1149 1. *1150 *I151 ♦iisa ID.s. l.'iij 1071 i. war, 488a TION ♦4828 160 •48S9 Power over otherii by «.-o. A')!»5 Sleep lit will-Napoleon I. saor. In HtippreHHlnK indlKnutlon. 5)iii3 " " reNeiitmenl. 4H()l Weakneas In s.o. confessed, .lii'.)! Hce SKI,!'" roSSES.'^lDX. Hrave ■.-p-Admlml he Fort. *,->Oi)l InDanKer-Clmrlt'M XII. I'.'ln Soc SKLl''(i()VKIlNMI';.NT. HaslHof Vlrtui! liiH-lllKcncc. *:m7 Capacity for s.-k. -Mas.s. *WHH Faculty of H.-K-Uoinans-KiiK. ♦.WH!) Withheld ("olony of Vlriflnla. *5i)!H) Sei! SKI.FDKNI.M-hikI HIS DIIANCI'; III lot: U1<:!>)I'L.TS. Dtii'lslvo r.-A(l. NoLsoii. I''ar reachlnif r. Nationality. HUTlllUItllCINT. liollglotis r. of Win. ri)\vp(!r. .Sen I'lUVAOY. of Conversatluii-GrcukM. Inspeotfid-C'romwcirs p. Respected l>y Napolcou I. " " f'ii'sar. See KEI'KIC.VT in loc. ItKTOICT. Cnishlnt; r. s. .(ohnsoii. Sarcastic r.-Kinir Kictlmrd. S.v KEI'.VUTKP: /» li,r. ImpoHslblc Uoat.M biirninl. *4H30 »4831 ,')811 I.TOrtrt-rfftTt'llCO. DIsproportloned to cause. KE!«i;itllErTION. Hinted by aiicloiit.s. ♦I8'i3 CroHH-ri'ftTi'iico. liellef In r.- American Indians. aa.50 KKTAIilATION. I'opular r.-Va. Colonists. ♦4833 MlscelliiiictmH croMM-rL-fcreiiCt's. Penalty of r.-Mussulinan. 1010 In Punishment- V'lsltcolhs. 4.'')T.') " War.-Burnln«of WashlnRt'n. 71ti Withheld by Moirmmodan m'8t'r..'W .See HEVEN'dK in !<„■. ♦483 1 ♦4471 4in aoai 2805 ♦1830 Ri<:'rii.\("noN. ■Declined-IfrtjazHt ♦18.37 i Refused-Alex. II. Stephens. +4838 \ See KK('.\NTATl')N'. j Impossible-Marlln Luther. +4033 Formal r.-Tnreal-Galileo. T>l(. llollaiiil Hdodod. l.Vi.) rnexpi'ch'd nil. I (I iiiiriTuus r. I(il.-i HICrRIHI/riON. Ho(fun .lUMln' ,)i>ITic>s, ♦4813 (»verlookii,l~.\Hpi>leon I. ♦1811 Sanitary r.-"Hla(k Assize." ♦ I.hI.". Sense of r. -ctms. II. ♦48111 iti':viCN«;K. Bloody r.-Si'poy Kcbcllioii. C'huractorlstic r.-Am. Indians ('oMil(!S''t!ii8lon of r. -Maria T. on the Dead-Conclnl. " " " -Cromwell. Dci'llned-Mathew Halo. Determined -Mary Stuart's. Dishonorable r. , Alexander's. Fcm.'ile r, I'urysatls. 'liiiKired .Vnclciit (Jerraans. IifiKible r. -Mutilation. 1 111 I'l livable r.-.\ntiiiilna. In';riiliius r.-l'ictuic. of Injustice .lail-fever. I'er.-ional r.-.Tames Hamilton. " "-Napoleon I. Savage r., Ilusliand's, At iscfl hill eons criisrt-referriices. by Assassination-Haimltoii. 48111 li>'..se r., of ('has. II. 1(>.")7 Beneath r.~ Impostor. JT-'o Chall'Mi^red by (Jiirdiin. 124,') by Coiifesslnf; ('rime. 1317 Dedicated to r., KniKlits. 28118 on Descendants .leffreys. ;!'H7 Kagerness for r. on .leffroys. 4- Fear of r. .lames U. 21 Ih Legal r.-Wolsey. :iii;i Life for llf(». IS 111 i Sc.> KKVKMiK III Inc. \ rkvi<:l.ation. Mi..t('t'II,i .11.* eruss ret'iTi'iici'.*. In Dream i > i Ici'rn. 1V22 " Dreams lo Indians. 17'.'3 False r.-l'iTslan religion. l-.'s.-i Sin permllti'il iiy r -Mahonift. ;t212 See Unil-I': mi.l I.N.SI'IK.VTION III l:r. HKVKLRY. ('rn^sn.rrri.|ice. Christmas r -Daly- Fiance. 8')0 Sie I'l.KASfKK ill I.II-. ♦1817 *18IS ♦1811) ♦48.'i0 ♦48-.1 *48'-),' ♦48.'i3 ♦ 18.') 1 ♦48.').-) ♦4.'<.")l! ♦ l8.-)7 ♦ 18.W ♦ 18V.) *l8(li) ♦4.S01 ♦ 18112 *4Sli:i 4KIH 5928 4A08 6000 3059 Sec UKl'AI.IA 1 lii.V, KKTKIIH'. TION mill VK.MiKVNCK. i>\ ll>r. .Vni'lont r Uoiniiiis. from Iiijusiire Tiiiks. Mismanaged (ieorge ML ('r'i^*;i-iererenco. from Drink, stair r .See KIN.V.M" ■ in Inc. RKVKRICIVCK. Kxeesslvi' r. Win. I'lll I'lllal r -.Vlixiinder. fur I'aienls-.Vnelerits. Religious r -I'agans. ♦(8fll ♦48(15 ♦4860 ■.1146 ♦4807 ♦18(18 ♦48(19 ♦1870 MlHCellailenuS ('111.4^ ri reniicrs. for Anlmals-Kgypilaiis. ai7i " Clergy (■X(t's>ive Fcrd. II. !12I Kxcesslyo religious r.- Pagans. 4870 KooUsh r.-Sacred goose t. (Jo:it.5451 for Rellcs-Kiillglous r. 407(1 4078 Rest ralnt of r.-Repalrlng temple. 870 Siiperstlllmis r. for llie Bible. .'.85 .-e AWK, Effect of a.-Pei>iaii king. •Ill Silence of a Battle of the Nile. *412 s.. llDMAdi:. Dlsg-'stlng h. of James IL ♦2,'J(H) rnsurpassed-S. Johnson's. ♦'2.'>!ll 891 •2(1 ♦308,') 2590 Refused i)y Crusader, to Vanity of Diocletian, " " " (ireek emperors. S.e KNKKl.l.Mi. to (lod only-Alex. .Murray. Disgusted by king's k. See WOHSllir 111 Inc. REVUilKItS. Benolltsof r.-Kngli-h, ♦Is71 M'neellali'ieirt eru-^ referflice. In Life-Nlcctas. 22U S,e ItlCACTIu.V, from Kxcess- Persecution. ♦1017 Moral r.-RcslMratlon of C. IL ♦4018 " " -Puritanism to sin. *4019 of Anger-Peter the (Ireat. .lO'.ll " " -.Alexander. 1741 " Cruelty-Nero's persecution, 13,')W " Kxceas-English rc\oiutlon. 190',) " I':xtravagaiicc-i;xaniii!(' of C, 397 again-t Lalior Probus's .soidlers.310 Natural r.-Cleanliness- Watts. 91T of Opposition-Religious. .3933 " Oppression-Liberty. .3229 Piety by r. of sins. 4180 Political r.-Van Buren's Admin. 51 of Public opinion -Cavallers-P. 398 Social r. against Puritans. 303 Unexpected r.-.Tames II. 315 U-iii UKVKUli; l{|N(J. Hc<. VH'lhMlTIKKS. Vi Mr*> Knff nr>hUliy. I»t0 " " -(.'oluinliui. air.) *• " -( ' ,rpri»m«. awi Do ADVKUSITV ind DKKKAT ill /...■, RKVKIIIK. MUroUaiu-nii-* nn-*i n>fi>ri-ntM>H, DI«cov«ry hjr r. (iiuvltatUiii. 2-,l»& LoRt III i-.'Hhiiiii«I .lolinmui. 'iHlO Sic IMAIirNATluN in I'ic. HEVIVAL. MlBCflliiiH'oni* I r>)rtM'rrfer\jic«»i. of Art III Itulf. 1)11 " '• '• Iftih century. 34.'5 lliily. .IIH " CIvlllziitlon In E.,A.i).Hfl5-15l4 itp.' " Kilui'iitlon In Kurope. ItlJ Si'o COWKIISION 111 he. HKVOL.T. BupprttHHlon of r. Soldlms, Hi> INSl'KKKirriON. Hiipprrs.itid-Am. Ici! volution. .H.^r MfTlNV. Courujfe upitlnHt ni. (.'luiiar. Cruel m. llcM-y Ilmlson. by DiHappiilntrneiit Columbus. Koforn) by m -Hrltlsh nnvy, of SttllorH-Urlilsti imvy. 1 l.'W ♦;n,i« •:i7.'.7 •HTflH •ar.M) *37t)0 SllKhlcd Solon. •18811 Superseded -(Jici'liiim. •4887 Tendenuy of r , Deeradliiif. '4888 Incertalnty of r.-l»louy.slin. •48.'<',i MUsf lluni'inH ii"-iH i-'-rcri'in'i's. (ilorltled by Cato ilie Censor. I <'.' I'so of r., True Pyllilus. 4H81 Vanity of r (iod needrd. i'37U Hee (ill], I) Craze for c-liinlKraiils to .\ra.*!M88 Koluslon of If.- I.olldoiiers. ♦J.389 " " -Spaniards. ♦■,'.1110 vs. Labor-Cortoz. ♦•i'litl Kuined by ir.-J. A. Butter. •aair,' Captivated by jt.-Demosthenes. 07S Corrupted by g-^'^PTtans. .W.-id Crop of K.- Dream. • i!5'J.3 Delusion of jf- ■Jnm«'stown. '.'807 DelUHlve hopes of K 1984 Kxcltinif discovery Ca. 1974 Punishment-Melted x.-CraShiH. 431 SouK'it by I Newton Alchemist. 814 Value of ({. -Indian's estimate. 4.'i7 Hue (JOM'SEEKKKS. Delusion of jf.-s at Jamestown. '^807 ' " " a388 " " " -Londoners " " -Spaniards. " " " -California. " " " -Visionary. See WKAI.TII ,,il„.;. RIDE. Cross rt'fiTi'iu'o. Hard r.-90 Miles-Mary Stuart. RIDICL'IiE. Changed by m"rU-Purltans. Conquered by Napoleon I. Cures Cowardice-Arab. Defended by r.-C.-esar. of Greatness Julian's. Public r. of Irish agents. Punlshed-HeliKlon. Keformutlon by r.-Laws. Revolution by r. -Wales. Unconscious of r.-George III. Unfelt-Dlogenes. Warning in r. Whltefleld. Miscellaneous cross-references. Butt of r.-D'Argens. " " " -Goldsmith, of Dignity-King upset. " Enemy-Tlgranes. Exposure to r. -Columbus. Failure of r.-Burke. Fear of poets' r. -Burns. 3','37 ^.'tiOl 1580 3H-,>9 a587 49 a:i8« 8390 -'73,') '«1-.' JlHl (;i(M) *4.S!K) •1891 •189L' •4893 •4891 •4895 *489« * mr ♦4898 ♦4899 *4(KX) ♦4901 I'eitrof r I lergy. Mil) of riiiniU.alliin Painful r. 3;i» liniirovement undor r -Plato, 1:114 better than Indignation. n7T'l InuflTeetivr r Kng MethodlHts. 4ii6<) Mutual Fred II. and \n|lalre. ;| Oltloe of r. Sliaine Error 3:;J4ti oppiiNi'dby r. DeinoNlhi'iieii. 9041 of Poverty-Seiit« Johnnon. 4!i."iJ " Itefiirm-Ciilenilar ehaiiged. liOn Kefiinn by r.-Peler the Great. I1'J4 of Kellglon of < ailiolli''. 474'4 " Sanctimony In advert. sements. 0(1 Cuexpected r.-li.'it dagger scene. 49 Victim of r. Goldsmith. Uimt Weapon against Infldellly '-'h.Ii) Sre DiailSIO.N. Put.llo d. at theatre Walker, *|,'),'W Coniiuered by perseverance. He« MOCKEUV, of Agony of martyrs. " KxtortlontT-Kiitlnus. " UBllgion-Emper'T Michael. Taunt of Women-lnfluenoe of. Se S.VEEIl. Sarcastlos. nt Demosthenes. Sneer for s. -Colonel Tarleton. Bee COSTE.MPT In '.,, . RI»HT. of Might-English earls. " " -William HI. " " -Sword, by Precedent Napoleon I. and Wrong-Boundaries. 'IIM 1308 4','7 47','1 •JOOl «7'J ♦4yo-J ♦4903 ♦4904 ♦4',»0.') •49i)ti Mlseelliiiieinis cross-referi'no of MIght-Conuuest. vs. " -Am. Hevoiutlon. of Heprisal-Anil) robbers. I'iKluestloned, ye' false. See ETHICS. Boundaries In e. See CONSCIENCE 109S .VJ-,'4 4!l','l! 574,' 4901! lor RlftHTS. Asserted-Wm. Wadsworth. *4907 Ignored-Chas. 11. '*l',iiH Importance of r.-Squatter S. * IWi Maintenance of r. by exercise. *49ia Petition of r.-Parllument. *4;)1 1 Sentimental r.-Political. ♦49l'i .Miscellaneous cross references. Assertod-Am. Indians. 4831 Character by maintaining r. 768 Compromised, Legal r. 'i48 Defence of r.-Don't tr'd on me. 39.39 " " Imperial r. Cer'mony.7r)« Demanded, Legal r.-Penn. ,'3053 Denied-Subjugated Irish. .3911 Determination to maintain r. 278.1 " " have r. Natural r. of man. Unequal r. -Puritans-Indians. Women's r. demanded. 333:) 4.530 1859 6093 See .irsTICE and LIBERTY in loc. RING. Miscellaneous cross-references. Gift of r, Joy by-Napoleon. 2;353 4316 1 Stratagem by r.-Adulterer. 3J78 'li- «4I4 .•Klit •rt, i;iu Br:;t Utf .«nw Irti :i 3;M0 ;«. 8(|«1 41|.%J fd. im at. U'M 4rii iientN.Du *<^eno. 49 Sim 'Jh:\i\ ♦l.vtu 4ir,i vm ■i-.v '1. ir-,'.i of. ^•301 UIOT-IU'LKH. *4!N»-.' *4B04 ♦4!»()r> *490(; 109S 4nS{! 574,' 4!H)(i RIOT. NIghlof r.-Fllgbt o( JamoM I[,*4ai:) Crou-r<-ritri.>ncc. I'ondomned by WHshlngton. 4!(:..i RIOTS. C'rum ri'feri'iH'n, ChrldtnjHJi r.-I'urltaiiH. 8UI5 Sieu MOD. Aiulaoltyof I'HrlHiu.-Uovolutlon.firii «'iilmti U. )8S Ilouored-Oeo. Vllllers by .Ins. 1.4<4i " -Dl8«ract'ful a. Uu; See ADVIiXTrUEHs. DIsappolnted-Tbeodorlo an.) C, Niimenmsa.wUli ''apt..!. Smith *su Reniarkabli' a.-De Soto'g ex. Successful a -Thr.e men. ^te VK.NTriirv InstruotU'n V, of Franks. t'rosa-referenct'. Trifles vitiate service. (MUwIllcl ••lliKton" W. Hiiott. II) Tliruat of r.-Nen, lirltannloui. M»i!t RIVAI.RY. Hiwlness 1 Steamboat, an ()l>st*cle-l'oll ics. HmjccHsfui r. Ulzzlo. of Talont v«. Money-Uiiim-. t ' -.uspectiid r.-llrotlium. 10 IS •7:1 ♦Tl RI»iK. Cross rofiTencc. -Assumftd by Alnx.'s plijPhii.ian Beti Al)\ 1;N IL-KK, < ourageous a. -Lieut. CushlnR, DarloK a. -Napoleon I. I'asidon fill ,1 Conquest. *:."i }'rlmltlvo a., (,!•(). Washington's. ,ii Spirit of a -Wm. I'arry. *77 L')ve of a.-YoUiiK Lincoln. ;jjTu' Youibful a.-Komantlc-Cortez. :i:a\ See ADVENTt'RKIl. Born a.-lleniaiido ( 'ortcz. *7,s iii;ii »57'>3 nernif'-Sherniairs inarch loth» s.70 Bee DANtJKK iiii.)H.J See cn.MI'ErniD.V. Famn by o.-|)|scovert'r!<. a)i7 Protrrfis by c, jk).,' Unworthy o, I'ml vh I'upp.ls. 18*") UIV \LH. MI'Ol'llaill" inM n r.TCIlCCH, r'oiiibat of r im-bain. :ihM l>efeiit of r. by.Iefferson Lovars.;).T,t; Discord in gov't by r. Aero, 'Jll,') Kfrtiaio '■■ <»(!tKviii vs. Ci'op'tr 1 fil.'iti .Icaioii- f r. -Hroth«rs. KM) " "S. Joloison 41.111 " " "-Hobe^i I'lro. 44N'.' Wife vs. Coiiirubiii. moo Seo.IKAI.. -\ /„ loo. 110 «DS. ImprovcmiHii ..f r.-l.rigland. ♦inji ROHBICU. Iloiiored-Jcrnm. k. ■ )<(■,>•,> ROHRRRM. Honored (laiKlc Duval. ♦4!»:.'.i Iliinflngr.-U'ii .dhoiinds. ♦ili-.'i of I.ovH Dropped dead. '■ ' for .lohiisun. Perils of r.-Cortez a lover. Power In r. .lane Mae\ r«a. in nellglon Pouahoiuaa. spirit of r. Ulehard I. in U iir-" lor God and llitr." H4».n.%NlMttf. Civil asNiiii itionsof It. Di-llveraii. . from K.-Prajer. nispluy .if r Priests Hatred f H.-ProtesliiMt«. liiHiilted tiy ProtestaiitH. agiiiiist Llberty-Mngna ( harta. *• tk •' »t (>P|ir«sslon of H. th" Poor. Patronized by .laines II. Itelief In U.S. .loblisoll. and the Mtate SIxius V. ' -llonlfaeo \III " " " -Innocent III. I04.-> *49'v'G • I9l'7 Miitcellaneoiis croBS-refennifS. luliumaii r. of .Moslems by Turks. I Legalized r., Speculiitors. 5-J71) Partial r, unresonted. 4H(I4 See HfCC A NKEH. E.\cused-.Sir Francis Drake. [){)■> .Se PIKACV. Ancient English n. •hn.'j National p.-Kiig, and France. l»Hii See I'IKATES. ' oiinlvance with p.-(i(n t. *4is<; Period of p -Uomans. *41S7 -i:ngl..iid. " ' -A.ssiiniptloti RomrA^iflTs. Alicgiancu of It outb. I (enounced -Croniw 'Ml I'lol (/f It uasassllimilon s. e CA Mliil.fc.^ ,„ (,, ROYALTl. .\troeity of r.-Conslttiitlnople, .Matornal r.-.\apol«of. I Miseries of r. -Stuarts • overthrotwn at Milan. * Kejected-statiie of n. with Wisdom-I)io«»nps. See AWKWAKDNESv .nd Agllity-Poet Shtdley. 3.1 IH *M9 3:i.'>.'l .MUH t;'i.'i •.•imi ")'.r.".i •i;i'."> ♦i',i.)ii •r.i.M • I9;IJ '4;»:i;| • )!I.U • itt.v. ' I'l t(l • t'.i.)7 • mm *4!i:l9 *P»ll» '1 III • t CHI •l!H» •rii.'. •lit I'l '11117 •KM'l *l'i-„i •C.i.il * I9.^-' ♦ |!IM Kxhiblted-Riiquette. See IN-' I.T inloc. RlilV. Impressive r Konie. Inevitable r.-I)llemma. Niitional r. by expansion. .■HI7 mis •H:) Ml8cellane<'Utj cru ^ referet.i by Lxtravagance-Cato, Se.' CALAMITY in he. RL'LER. Capable • Klld.ire Coneelteil r.-Jame> II. LrobHrraf^.ed r Prince of W. Kxceilent r -Saladln. Foolish r.-.lustinlaii. GMsat r -.Vifred the Great. '" -Charles Martel. " "-'anute. Horrible r Nero. Independent r.-.)a»ies I. Monster r. -Mahomet IIL Natural r,-( ieneral Grant. •4954 ♦49.-.1 *49.^tt 2014 * (a.lT ♦l'.i.->H *4ft.'.9 •49tiO *4961 • IINa •496;} •4964 •4965 •4966 *4!167 *49ad m IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TAPGET (MT-3) % /. ^/ /.<^ './ ^ 1 1.0 I.I li^MM 12.6 lis H^ |2.2 111 lU 140 I i 2.0 L25 i 1.4 1.6 PhotTgraphic Sciences Corporation 4^ ^•v 4 % ^ cF :\ \ 33 WEST MAIM STREET WEBSTER, NY. ^)S80 (716) 872-4503 %g WPi' -*- 9215 HULEI18— SACRIFICES. Popular r.-Eraperor Adrian. *4!)09 " "-CharlemaKno. *4'J70 Righteous r.-Uanlsh klnK. * 1071 Kuinous r.-Palicolonus. * lOTJ Shamelesa r.-(,'barle» II. *l!tr3 Spirited r.-C'li*rles XII. *liiri Superior r.-Ilenry VII. *4!i7r) MlsccUnncous crr.ss-referencea. AcknowledKed, Artfully. 21.".2 of All-Child-Theini>t(.-les. 7!i;> Ai bitra: y r.-Terrlfyliitf-F. \Vm.l07i .\ni);,'ant r.-Timour. 1U3 Atrocious r -Emp. Canicalla. i;i;i3 Avaricious meaiineSii of r. S0C4 " r. -Prefect Uufluus. 427 Careless r.-Fredorlcli V. 4201 Character security forr. 3253 Chosen by lot-Turkman's. 3.333 Coerced by captors-Mexican. 40Ky Contempt for F.-Charles I. .^.'i-'S Contemptible r.-Emp. Angelus..3K.m " "-Jaines I. 2428 " "-Charles I. miS " "-Charles IV. Sp.4490 Ccft-pse of Constantlne. 2Ki8 Deraoralizlns r.-Nero. 4373 Despicable-Philip II. of Spain. 902 Disgraceful r.-Uenry l'I.-B'K«"r 120() " "-E. IV., Voluptuous.47 " "-Pres't College. 3177 Effeminate r. -Claudius. 387G Energetic r.-Emp. Trajan. 1803 Equality of peop e with r. 3228 Exasperating r. denounced. 3523 Feeble r.-Cromwell's son. 59.57 Folly of r. overruled. 4.553 Gentleness-Excesslve-Ch'rllaus. 2.394 Government without a r.-Rom.2013 Hereditary r.-Kldiculous. 2451 Ignominious r -James II. 3653 Illiterate r. -Elder Justin. 2720 Imagination the r. of men. 2739 Impartial r. -.Son-Turk. .3003 "-Emp. Julian. 3141 Independent by degradation. 109 Incompetent r. -James II. 7(i2 Inconsiderate r. -James II. 3853 Infantile r. -Henry VI. 700 Insane r.-Cambyses-Perslan. 2881 " "-George III.-Nine yrs. 8884 " " "-St"mp Act.2879 " "-Cliangeful-Ch'rles VI.3512 Insolent r.-Jiimes II. 2890 Just purpose of r.-Canute. 3001 Natural r.-Crontiwell. 3921 " "-Indian chief. 415 Negleotful r.-Emp. Theodoslus.t878 Obnoxious r.-Tory-N. Y. 4077 Obtuse r.-Self-destructlve. 2127 Outrageous r.-Wm. the Conq. 3913 Partiality of r.-Ileliglous-J. II. 4009 Partisan r.- James II. 3926 Popularity of r. diminished. 4044 Prepared r. -Peter tlie Great. 2328 Pusillanimous r. slain. 2411 Eash r.-Drunken-\Var. 16x4 Reflections in death, C'mf 'rtlng.2395 Remarkable r.-Cromwell. 8327 Responsibility of r. 4826 RidlcuIed-Offended-lIadrlan. 6029 liulnous r.-Obstlnate .lames II. 3519 Safety of virtuous r. 3873 Sclf-disfc-raced r. -Montezuma. 4088 " -government of r.-Nap. I. 3.595 Shameless r.-Mary Stuart. 4916 " " -Commodu*. 5105 Skilful r.-Ulchelleu. 2424 Spiritless r.-Unworthy-Hich. II..5.'J81 Support of r., Enthusiastic. 40.35 Unhappy r.-MaxlmuR. 183 UnquallfleU r.-llonorlus. 1877 Unrighteous r.-Charles II. 4908 Vicious r.-Emp. Carinus. 2029 Virtuous r.l'ertiiiax. .5841 Wii'e r. of husband -IJelisarius. 2tW(i ' " -(;arrii3K. It)f3 Woman rules the r. -James II. 28-12 " " " -Nero. 4.373 " the ruler-Lady Fairfax. .5994 RUIiEKS. Change of r.-'I'ontlac's \Var."*4970 Many r.-slx Emperors. *4977 Precise parental-Howard. *4978 Responsibility of r.-Charles II.*4979 " "-British. ♦49K0 Terrifying r.-Uoman. *4itHl Uneducateil-"Crowned ass." *4982 Miscellaneous cross-references. Age of evil r.-Roman Empire. 121 Anomalous female r.-Eiigland.2264 Antagonistic r. multiplied. 2415 Atrocious r.-Successlve. 4949 Dangerous r.-DeoemvIrs. 2409 Deception of Roman r. 3837 Destroyed by subjects-Scots. 2414 Duplicated-N. J.-Ten years. 2408 Female r. opposed-Knox. 0074 God-honoring r.-Llncoln's c. 4.379 Piety of r. needful. 4179 Responsibility of r.-Roman. 4086 Ruinous to Spain. ."lae Too many r.-Napoleon I. 4K08 Unhappiness of r.-Ca;sar. ,5413 Women r. of men-Cato. 6138 .' Observance enforced. *4990 Privacy on the S.-Wash. *4931 Rejected In France. ♦4993 Cross-reference. } Amusements on the S.-E.ln 1593.824 I See SUNDAY. ! Burdensome to S. Johnson. ♦533-S SARRATH-RRF.AKING. Miscellaneovis cross-references. by Amusements-Eng. games. ;Vi4 " -Lond.,yr. 1141. 4987 Denouncement of S.-b.p'nish'd.2040 Law requiring S.-b. 4988 by Nobility. 49Sa SACRA OTENT. iDOonslstency with s.-Joan. *4993 Miscellaneous cro?Brefe:-ence3. Sacrilegious s. of hypocrites. 2697 Test for civil ofuce. 3841 " of s.-BenefioIarles. 528 See EUCHARIST Blessing in e.. Spiritual. 5085 See HAPTISM in loa. sacrifice;. Consumed by lightning. Human s. -Arabs. " " -Gauls. " " -Swedes. " " -Romans. ♦4994 ♦4995 ♦4990 ♦4997 ♦4998 Mlscellaneoiia cross-references. Human s., Oath with. ?83f for Life, floor's s. 5968 of Life, I oUtlcal 8. 5793 Religious s. of natural pleasure. 402 to Save life, Shameful s. ;W79 of Wealth, Religious s.-Wesley.5973 SACRIFICES. Christian B.-.Iohn Newton. ♦4999 Ministerial s.-Thos. Smith. ♦,5000 Miscellaneous cross-references. for Education at fifty years. 1775 " " -Colonists. 1773 ^,^ 398* 3;«'J 034 637 5027 038 905 for Education-Harvard. 1791 of Luther. 1820 -Wm. Pemi. 1767 -Yale College. 17H3 Human s.-Anclent Uermans. 0161 " "-Druids. 1374 " of Druids. 6108 of Love, Wentworth's a. 2516 Parental s. for education. 1777 of Piety-Queen Lsabella. 4182 for Pride, Goldsmith's. 44.55 " Religion, Wra. Penn's. 4745 See SELF-DENIAL anil SELF- SACRIFICE (■» loc. SACBIIiEGE. Infamous s.-Hakem the Turk. Sectarian s.-Catholics. *,5001 *,'J003 Miscellaneous croaa-refercncea. Grave opened-Death. 2471 Holy places of Jerusaltm-C. 324 See DESECRATION. Horses stabled In St. Paul's-C. 800 See SAUBATII-BREAKINO. by Amusements-Eng. games. 224 -Lond.,y^. 1141.4987 Denouncement of S.-b.p'nlsh'd.2040 Law requiring S.-b. 4988 by Nobility. 4980 SAFETV. Public s. by Gothic hostages. Seltishs. -Darius. *5005 *5004 Failure of r.-Karthquake-Llsbon.731 In Prayer from Adverslty-G.\V.4382 -A. J. 4387 Temple of r.-Poundlng of Kome. i87 SAOACITY. Miscellaneous cross-references. Political s.-Henry Clay. 4275 " "-Professional pollt'n.4274 See SKILL. Misapplied s. -Perpetual m'tl'n.*5168 Proof of s.-Rothschild. *5109 SACKILEOK— SCHOLAH. Intentional s.-Wash. Irving. 020 Uenowu(!d s. -Admiral Blake. 2.345 .SAILORS. Destitution of Eng. s.-Chas. II. *:MH Patriotic 8. -English. *5009 .Mlscellanciiiis cross-references. Avoided by P^gyptlans. Deliverance of suflferiiigs. Destitute of s -Russia. the First s.-Phrenlcians. Impromptu s. -English navy. Mutiny of s. -Cruel-Hudson. '-English navy. (I I. 11 .1 (I Patriotic s.-.-\merican. Peril of s. -Captain Cook. Superstition of s., Columbus'. " " -St. Elmo. See NAVIGATION. L'ndeveloped-itomans. See NAVY. Formidable n. -Invincible A. Need of a n. -Peter the Great. Miscellaneous cross-references. Ashamed of s.-Gen. In battle. 1269 by Boldness-Cortez. 26.53 in Counsel-Battle. 1221 Dishonorable s.-Maxlmin. 2060 Indifference to personal a. 1391 Neglect of personal s.-Ctesar. 1402 See ASYLUM. «f Refuge-Rome. *387 Poor man's-Colony of Georgia. 532 See REFUOE. Sanctuary for r.-15th century. *4659 Secured in America. *4660 Marksman's s.-Commodus. <3430 "-Crockett. 4.322 See EXPERT in loc. SAIIiORr Great s.-C'abot. *5006 Youthful s.-Sir Francis Drake.*5007 Miscellaneous cross-references. Brave s.-Parragut at maintop. 486 Intentional s. -Young Irving. 2734 Battle, Fierce-Paul Jones. Demoralized by corruption. Ignorance commanding n. Immense-Roman n. Promoted in n., Favorites. Promotion in n., Unmerited. Speedily construuted-Caesar's. See VOYAGE. Celebrated v. of Greeks. Preparation for v.-Church. ;i02ii ;J802 ys.5 101.-) 3757 3i.59 .3700 1000 1319 390H lh.53 *3800 *:«<01 *:5802 53lij 1615 2718 2 158 4487 3895 39 '5867 '5808 Fatal v.-Youth to labyrinth. 0051 Prevented, Happily-Goldsmith. 30/31 See PIRATES, SEA and SHIPS in Itic, SAINT. Miscellanoous cross-references. Austere s.-St. Francis. Bloody s.-Slglsmond. Changed to a s.-Loyola. Fanatical-Simeon Stylltes. 1. 1. 11 vs. Heretic-Joan of Arc. Useful s. -Zoroaster's s. SAINTS. Canonized by pope. Marks of s.-Joan of Arc. Pillar s.-Slmeon Stylltes. Worship of s.-Introductlon. Cross-references. by Austerity-Monks. 408 Fanaticism of s.-Monkery. 3083 Pillar s.. Felly of. 4700 Reign of s. -Fanatics. 2092 See CHRISTIANS .-.nd RELIGION iyi loc. SALARY. Supplementary-Eng. officials *5014 See "WAGES in luc. SALT. Cross-reference. Currency In s.-Abyssinla. 1964 SANCTUARY. ('ro.ss-rofi'rciice. Refuge in s.-15th century. See CHURCH in lof. SARCASItl. Merltod-Leave tlio Thumes. 3304 4188 7.58 4700 .5012 1720 0155 ■►.5010 *50n *5012 *E013 '.)-i[) 4059 ♦5015 Crosri-refert.'iice. Retort of s.-Klchard I. 4838 See IRONY. Apostate's hatred shown. 2.549 Invader's apology to CiKsar. 250 See MOCKERY. of Agony of martyrs. 1358 " Extortionor-Ruflnus. 427 " Religion-Emperor Michael. 4723 Tuunt of Women-Influence of. 2504 See INSULT and RIDICULE //* toij. SATIRE.. Cniss-ri't'rrt'nee. Stlnglnft s. -Beneficial. 1.305 See liirilLESQUE. by Caricature-Pope- England. 4933 Christmas festivitiiis-ltaly-I". 8.50 See RIDICULE in luc. SWXfiES. Ancient s. of (ieriiiany. *,5010 (ienlla s.-Xativcs of St. Thos. *.5017 See INDIANS (Ameuican). Deluded by-"Most gentle and l.".'!8 Embraced by palnttd I.-G. .54 Plea for protection of i. 4.5.37 SAVIOUR. False s.-Titus Gates, in a Name-" Solon." See CHRIST in loc. SCANDAL. Victim of s. -Charles Wesley. ♦5018 ♦5019 ♦5120 Miscellaneous cross-references. Opportunity for s.-A. Jackson. 3453 Religious s. -Prostitutes. 3986 Unsusceptible to s. 2588 SCANDALS. Ecclesiastical n.-Romans. ♦5081 See CALU.MNY, DISGRA(;E, LICEN- TIOUSNESS and SIIA.ME in loc. SCARCITY. Valuebys.-Sibylline books. ♦SOaa SCEPTICS. Superstitious s.-Earl of S. ♦5023 SCEPTICISM. Miscellaneous cross-references. Prejudice charges s. 4413 Punished by fanatics. 3078 Unwarranted s.-Atlantic cable. 8216 See INFIDELITY in loc. SCHEIVE. of Assassination-Wholesale. 1140 Assassination, Rosamond's s. of 67 -Catherine deM.6066 of Benevolence-Colony of Ga. 4299 " " Woman's s. 4192 Visionary s. -Railroads. 4010 SCHOLAR. Mi' cellaneous cross-references, Comparative 8.-17th century. 0;;4 Eminem 8. -Petrarch. 621 !i ! 030 III SCHOL%RS. Ml>ci-]luneo\is ctohh rcferfncos. Ej juMon of s. by James II. 1908 Independence of s.-Jameg II. 28iK) Mlgjudgment of s.-Pll(C.'HPro({. 108 Rivalry of g.-Isaac Newton. 176 -W. Hoott-"Button."19 See STUDENT. Belated-Charlemagne. *680T Folly of s.-OUver Goldsmith. ♦S.WO Hoyal s.-Charlemagne. *5308 Close s.-John Milton. 0311 Precocious s. -Alexander Pope. 4403 Pride stimulates s.-Newton Pagllistio g.-IIURh Miller. Royal 8.-Queen Elizabeth. Rules ignorud by a. See STUDENTS. Patriotism of g.-Am.Rev'lutlon.4072 See STUDIES. Ancient s.-Italy. Sec STUDY. Devoted to s.-T. Jefferson. " " "-Prest. Madison Preparation by s.-J. Milton. 4492 !i4(>3 6098 2 Infatuated by s.-Pllny. ♦5050 Maglc-llke-Ad. Drake. ♦5051 Patron of art-Navigation. ♦.5052 and Polltics-Ctesar. ♦5053 Miscellaneous cress-reference . Advanced by commerce. OT Allied to art. 3530 vs. Blble-Columbus. 5055 In Boyhood-Robt. Stephenson . 030 Contempt of pretentious s. 2034 Defect of s.-Milltary caution. 653 Devotion to s. -Faraday. 537 False 8., Aristotle's. 6015 Fashionable «.-Charles II. 2102 Ignorance of s.-Columbus. 2712 Madman's s.-Sun 4 miles d. 2083 Nature surmounted by s. . 3800 Need of teachings of s. 2713 I'rogress, Age of-GalUeo. 1032 Religion advances s. 3641 Respect for s. -Demetrius. 6215 Uncertainties of s., Medical. 3599 Worship of s.-Timour. 6178 Youthful experiments In s.-S. 639 SCIENTIST. Miscellaneous cross-references Deranged by curiosity. 1383 Failure of s. In experiment. 1999 Youthful s.-Newton-Wlnd. 1993 SC0FFP:U— SELF DESTKUCTION. »;u 1981 1880 13« S853 LAR SrOPFKR. CrciMrffiTiMici'. VaclUatlriK s.-('harles II. Ste RIDICULE m(oe. SCOVRtiINO, iDeffeotiTe-Japies II. 4766 ♦5064 Crons-rpfermc?. Self-inflloted g.-James II. 1133 SCRIPT tJRE. Misused BKalnst Columbus. *ii055 Cro8«-refereuce. Qnieted by s., Mind. 1087 Sec BIBLE in toe. SCRUPLES. MlscellaneouH cro»*-rcfcrencc8. Affected s. of P.lcbard III. 3'<43 Hypooiitioal s.-James II. li,33 Kacramental-Enemies. 260? Temple robbed-Misfortune. 1100 SCULPTOR. Mental s. -Socrates. ♦5056 Nobility ln-"Eternallze fame."*S0.57 Sec STATUARY. Destroycd-Ruln of PaKanlsm. 331 Mutilated by Romans 387 Unappreoiated-S. John-son. 334 See STATUE. Honored by s.-Cato. ♦5.3.37 Immense s.-Apollo. ♦5338 SEA. Passion for the b.-J. Franklin. ♦SOSS See OCEAN. Barrier of God-Saracens. ♦.3858 Enchanted by Alexander. ♦;3859 Dange"s of the o.-Cartier. SEA.-RATHING. Unappreciated In England. SEAL. Importance of s.-Britisb. 5868 *5059 ♦5060 Crosa-referencp. Lost and found-Great Britain. 5788 SECESSION. Planned In New England. ♦5061 Cross-reference. Mistaken plea-Yulee of Fla. Sec SEPARATION in loc. SECRECY. Deception In s.-Hutohiuaon. Impenetrable s.-NapoIeon I. SECRET. Burdensome s.-Josephine. 5n Woman's care-Cato. isro *506a ♦5063 ♦5065 ♦5064 Cross-references. Impossible to preserve s.-InT't'n.5a5 Inviolable s. of confessional. 2089 Preservation of s. by murder-B. 687 SECTARIAN. The wind a " popish " s. ♦5066 SECTARIANISni. In Death-Mary Queen of Scots, ♦soe? Narrow s. of Scots. ♦.5068 Miscellaneous cross-references. NELF-CON PI DKNCE. Military S. of James II. 812 .Ml^rcllrtnc.iH ir(i».s rclVnnaH. " " 317 I Coronation of self-Xapoleoii. 1.321 Zeal of James II. 8222 " •' " ' i.sai See CONCEIT iind PKKSU.MPTION SECTS. Aversion among b. ♦6o«9 Differences In s. Turk-Persian. ♦5070 " " magnlfled. ♦SO?! (.'rnss- reference. Animals representing s.-Airg'ry.231 See CREEuS in luc. SECURITY. Mlscellitncuus crossrcferences. for Debt-Invlslble-Poem. 1400 " " -Embalmed body. 1462 See SAFETY. Public 8. by Gothic hostages. ♦5005 Selfish s.-Darlus. ^5004 Ashamed of s.-Gen. In battle, by Boldness-Ccrtez. in Counsel-Battle. Dishonorable s.-Maximin. Indifference to personal s. Neglect of personal s.-Cwsar. See PRESERVATION. Remarkable p. of Mahomet. Requirement forp.-C'mm'n'sts. Strange p. of Rome-Geese. See PROTECTION in loc. 1269 2653 1221 2060 1391 1402 102.3 1003 1961 SEDITION. Partisan s. -"Blues and G.' See UIOT in loc. ♦5072 SEDUCTION. Avenged on Carlnus. ♦5073 by Promises-Henry VIII. *5074 Punishment of s.-Constantine.^,")075 Miscellaneous cross-references. Punished severely-Aurelian. 4578 Ruinous scheme of s. of P. 67 SEEKING. for God-Cromwell. *50i6 SELF. Conquest of 8. -Mahomet. *,5077 First-Honors. *5078 Mastery of s.-Alfred the G. *.')079 SELF-ABNEGATION. in Ora(,ot,--Demo8thenes *,5()8C Patriotic s.-a.-Regulus. *.'K)81 Miscellaneous cross-references. Patriotic s.-a.-Spartans. Religious s.-a.-Islamism. " -J. Wesley. See ABNEGATION. Selfa. of M. Luther. Sec SELF-SACRIFICE in loc. 4068 3849 1122 ♦8 SELF-COjnra A N D. against Pear-William III. ♦5088 SELF.CONCEIT. Miscellaneous cross-references. Braggart's s.-c.-Royallst In N.Y. 618 Folly of s.-c.-BaJazet-Gout. 611 Personal majesty of Sapor. 441 See CONCEIT in loc. in lilt*. SELF-CONQUEST. OrnsH-rcfererict by Abstlni'iici'-Mahomet. r)077 SELF-I'ONTROL. Remarkable s.c.-Duke Fied. *'A)xS Miscellaneous cross-references Abandoned-C. J. Pox. In Kxcitemont.-O. Washington Power over others by s.-c. Sleep at wlU-Napoleon I. la Suppressing Indignation. " " resentment. Weakness in s.-c. confessed. See SELK-roSSESSION. Brave 8.-p.-A087 Capacity for a.-g.-Mass. *5088 Faculty of s.-g.-Romans-Eiig. ♦SOSQ WIthheld-Colony of VIrginlii. +5090 See CALMNESS in Iw. SELF-DENIAL. Conception of 8.-d.-Am.Ind.\s.+5084 Unavalllng-Rev. Bramwell. *.50H5 Miscellaneous cross-references. lienevolent s.-d.-J. Wesley. 518 " -Mr8.J.F'2tcIit'r.5l9 " -O. Goldsmith. 543 Christian s.-d.-Prlmltive. ;«70 Preserves religlon-Macaulay. 8.58 Religious s.-d. -Ascetics. 359 See SELF-ABNEGATION and SELF- SACRIFICE in loc. SELF-DESTRUCTION. Working for-Making armn. ♦6C8ff Miscellaneou.s cross-references. for Science-Crater of Etna. 1383 Terrible s.-d. of Cimbrians. 15.50 See SUICIDE. Averted s. -Napoleon I. ♦5420 Cause of s.-Samuel Johnson. ♦5421 Cowardice of s.-Am. Indians. ♦5422 Deterred-Benjamln Abbott. ♦.5423 Dyspeptic's escape by s. ♦5424 Escape by s. -Demosthenes. ♦5ia5 Glorification of s. -Stoics. ♦.5426 Mania for s.-WlUiam Cowper ♦.5427 Philosophlo s.-Marous. ♦5488 Remorseful s.-Mrs. Shelley. ♦.5429 Attempted by Cowper. 8691, 2888 at Command of ruler. 3843 by " -forty Wives. 1410 of the Defeated Cimbrians. 1550 for Disgrace-Lucretla. 5786 Fanatic's s.-Rellgious. 3.500 Intentional s.-Youthful W. 1668 IntlmidateJ-Nero. 1270 Paradise gained by s. 1416 PT d32 HELF-KSTEEM— SEltENADK. Preparation for s.-Sheller. 3345 " "-Fred. II. 3(i;i8 I'reveated 8., Alexander's. 40*^1 Rufu^re from famine In 8. 2015 " " adversity In a. ."Jiao hi'qulred-ex-Offlcor-Turk. 3«(i6 Soldier's 8. -Roman. l-iai " "-.\ntony. 1105 Tem|)tiitlon to H.-M*'lanoholy. 1179 Unhappy by s.-e.-l'luem. li.".! Sie CONCEIT /« lot: SELF-KXAiniNATION. ('rosrt-ri'ft'reiUH'. Call los -e.-Urlor-Alox.'8p"rce.3379 SKLF-GOVEHNMENT. Bifls of-Vlrtuo-InttUllKunuo. *5087 Capacity fors. (j -Mass. *,')088 Faculty of s.-K.-Komans-Enff. *5()89 Witlibeld-Colony of Vlrfflnla. ♦501)0 .Suo '.'ALMNL.S.S and 8KLF-DENIAL, in loc. SELF-imPROVEmENT. Mlscelhuu'uus crust -ri'feri'iicia. Bt;lated-ArkwrlKht-50 Years. 1775 UlfHcultles In s.-i.-A. Lincoln. 1787 Sucuessful-O. Washington. 1788 Seo STUDENT m loc. SELF-INDULGENCE. Crodrt-rt'ft'rt'iici;. Kuliious s.-t.-Kox. 5800 Sie INTE.MI'ERANCE, LICEN- TIOUSNESS and LUXURY ill luc. SELFISHNESS. Petulant s.-lloman nobles. *5096 Miacellancoiis cross-references. Counsels of s. rejected. 5004 Developed by commerce. 992 Oreedy clerical s. 944 In Politics-Romans 4879 " " 4252 " " -S. A. Douglas. 107 Beign of s. in Ireland. 4253 " " "-War of Roses. 5227 See RAPACITY. Royal r. of Henry III. *4615 See AVARICE, COVETOUSNESS and ENVY in loc. SELF-POSSESSION. Brave s.-p. -Admiral Le Fort. *5091 Cross-reference. ill UauKer-Charles XII. 1240 See CALMNESS in loc. SEL F-PR ESERV AVION. Miseellaneuus cross-references. l)y Assasslnatlon-Marcla. 1591 an Excuse-Assassin's. 1128 First, pity afterward. llfil by Forgery and fraud. 1542 SELF-PROTECTION. First in War. *5092 See DEFENCE and PROTECTION in loc. SELF-RELIANCE. Itxcellence in-De Liancourt. *5093 isucoess by s.-r.-Gen. Grant. •5094 See SELF-CONFIDENCE. Coronation of self-Napoleon. 1321 " 1320 Ste INDEPENDENCE i;i toe, SELF-REPROACH. Cri*j Cross-reference. PersonaLnot by proxy -A'gusius. 101 SERVICES. Cross-references. Gratuitous s.-Gen. Washington. 4038 of Lafayette and Kalb declined. 176 Rewarded with ingratitude. 4877 See USE. or Abuse of money. ♦5755 See USEFULNESS. Suryival of u. -Monks. ♦5756 Rewarded by dinner. See UTILITY. VS. Beauty-Walter Scott. Value by u.-Bag vs. Pearls. 2393 ♦5761 2723 SERVI1.ITV. Disgraceful s. -James Bagge. ^5123 Miscellaneous cross-reference?. of Flatterers-Romans. :*)5 Genius for s.-Bagge. 5l2;i Required by tyrant-Sapor. 2527 Shameful s. of Roman Senate. 4373 Shameless s. of husband of Z. 63 See DEGRADATION and SYCO- PHANCY in loc. SEVERITY. Dis^acef ul s.-James Bagge. Parental s.-Roman. ♦5123 ♦5184 Miscellaneous cross-references. for Cowardice-Brother's. 1273 €ruel B.-Aurelian. 4578 Oovernmental-Edward Floyd. 4508 Merciful s., Cromwell's. 4577 I'Hrental s.-Luther's father. 4,')73 Reaction of s.-Aurelliid. Uyt'i " "-C'ommodus. 1.51)1 Success by s.-Peter the Great. 2875 SeeCRrEl.TV in Inc. SEX. Miscellaneous cruss n fe'ences. Arcl ItecturaN loiiic^-Kcmale-D. 281 Deplored by Mary Stuart. 6100 Disgrace to both yeses. 1U.M Dishonored by vice. oco in Ileuven-Swi'ilcnhorg. 3141) SEXES. Crf-s.s-rerertMU'es. Commingling of s., Kuinous. 0l.)7 Equality of 8., Hcllgious. t;i21 Intercourse of s. prohibited. .^i):i See FLIRTATION. Dangerous f. with Crosar's wife. Iti.W See LICKNTIOI'SNESS anil MAU- RI A(iK /)( luc. SHADOW. Orossreferenee. Terrified by a s.- Bucephalus. SHAinE. Consummate .s. -Ferdinand. 5125 Miscellaneous cross-references. Burdens life-Martyr Huss. v.iM by Drink-Offlcials. ^9-17 Heredity of 1. -Ferdinand. 2060 Immortal s. of Jeffreys. 2862 Indifference to s.-Commouylce.324.l Indifferent to s. -Charles II. 3470 for Ingratltude-Thebans. 28.55 Insensible to s.-IIenry VIII. 458 " " " -Peversham. 4602 Life of s. overlooked. 3177 National s.-Eng.-Reignof Ed. 111,87 Overwhelming s.-Roman army .2662 " -Traitor. 2795 Punishment by s. -Alexander. 2148 Vice without s.-Nobility. 65 See INFAMY. Posthumous 1. -Emperor C. ^2816 Stain of p., Mas.sacre-Gen. P. *2817 by Assassination-J. W. Booth. Conspicuous for i.-Commodus Deserved 1. -Titus Dates. Exposed-Spartan bachelors, for Money-Charles II. Overlooked- Pompadour. Renown of i.-Erostratus. Remembrance of l.-"Boilman.' Reward of i., Assassin's. See MORTIFICATION. by Failure-Castlemaine. Hateful m. -James II. of Defeat-Montcalm. by " -Horace Greeley, in Disappointment-Henry III of Pride-Oliver Goldsmith's. 373 .5743 4505 -146 4088 3712 4703 ■ 1304 2052 *3719 ♦3720 1494 42H1 1911 8263 44,53 4455 See DISGRACE, LICENTIOUS- NESS and SCANDAL i« loc. SHIELD. Cross reference. I'rpHervation of h. 6089 SHIPS. Nation without .s, Kgyptlan. 988 See liOATS. Extemporized b. of skins. 8:336 See KI.EKT. Inimeuse-l'oweries.s-irracran.*2I58 See S.MLORS in loc. siiip\vke<;k. Mi»eelUne •5131 Miscellaneous eri'S^-rrtV-rencea. an Apology for weakness. 1844 Benevolence in time of 8. -H. 548 " s.-Perilous-C. 655 Blessing in s. -Pascal. 43.35 by Climate-N. E. Pilgrims. 957 " Disappointment. 310ft Feigned by Demosthenes-B. 678 B^riend In s. -Samuel Johnson. 5129 Crifts cure s. 5I2H Helpful friend In s -Wm. III. 822» Improvement by s., Luther's. 16(\ Invited- English prisons. 4164 Labor In s.-Baeda. 6150- Love-s. fatal. 384» " "-Shelley. 888« " developed in marriage. 344% 034 HIGN-SIN{;t:UITY. Hecovery by reHulutluti. 1077 liufurmutlun In s.-AbHtln'co nf w.lO ItHHolutlun made In 8. I5~u Saved by apoplexy-Rev. N. lOO'l Vow In 8., Kellf{ii>U8. ,',H(i;i Sue DKATIl. DISKASE, MKDI- CINK anil rilVSlClAN i/( ;...■. SIUN. of Peatliiy-Maliumet'g a. Cmssrcfi'renci'. of Talent, Matbenmtlog a f 8IUN8. Faith In s.-Oold-weekers. Need of 8. by l/'tiomnce. SlKMlflcant 8. of the times. Welcomed by Columbus. ♦51(1 *5i4a ♦i)143 ♦6144 Cross ri'ft'ronco. in Jurl.sprduenee, L'liKu'Ke of s.3i)H,') Sm AUiilKY. Book of a., Chinese. ♦3tiS Bulldlnff by a.-Clty of Rome. ♦396 See IJANNER. Devotion to b.-Mohammedan. 2667 Inappropriate b. -Pasuhal Lamb.BS45 of Industry-" Leathern apron. "2811 Influence of b. -Mexican. 4088 Ret oued by valor-Cadiz. 051 ShotikluK b.-Mary Stuart. RllO 81gnlflcant-"Don"t tr'd on me."3939 Sec lUlANDINO. of Crimlnal8-London. 1290 See EMBLEM. Slunlfloant e.-Turk- Wolfe. •1801 of Character-Wolfe-Turk. 1801 " Ueflanoe-Rattlesnake. 3939 False e.-" Paschal Lamb." 5245 of Industry-" Leathern apron ."2811 " Inferlorlty-Jackal. 8167 " War-Rattlesnake. 5901 " Wlsdom-Physlolan-Serpent . 4109 See FLAG. Desplsed-U. S., year 1812. ♦2150 Devotion to f .-Serg'nt Jasper ♦21.51 Dangerous display of f. 753 See OMEN. Accidental o.-Duke William. 31 ' fell. 33 Sec OMENS. Ancient o.-Bomans. ♦3905 Annoyed by 0. -Charles I. ♦3900 Presage of o.-Romans. ♦3907 Terrorized by o.-Sailors. ♦3908 Regard foro., Superstitious. 2237 " " by Romans. ;385 SIGNAL. for Action- Alfxanfler. ♦51.33 Mistaken s.-Guido. ♦5134 Miscellaneous cross-references. for Action-Alexander's s. 513) Disregarded by Nelson. 1904 Waiting the s. of Freedom. 1903 Ancient s, SIONALS. -Greeks. ♦5135 Mlscellaneoui cruiw- references. Communication by 8. -Lights. 4089 Remarkable coincidence in n. 1147 SIONATUltK. of Ignorance-" Rude mark." *513« Remarkable s.-Arabn. ♦3l;!7 Responsible s.-JudgeM. ♦.'■138 " "-Monmouth's. ♦.')1.'J9 Hymbollo g.-Am. ludians. *o\ 10 MlscullumMniii crituH-reftTi'nces. Forced s. -Warrant signed. 3027 Forged official s.- Emperor. 2193 Power uf s. -Insanity. 2H79 SILRNCB. Enjolued-Alexandor. *5I15 of Grief-Napoleon I. ♦ni 10 In Mlaforttino-Poinpey. ♦.")147 Neoesaary-Plundcrers. ♦.")14S Public s.-H. Johnson. ^5149 Treasonable s.-England. ^^l.^O Miscellaneous cross reference In Adverslty-Pompey. Alienation by moody s. of A we-Kxploslon of the I'Orl' " " -Battle of the Nile. " " -Continental Congress. Capable of s.-' No tongue." vs. Criticism-Johnson. Excused -Conversaticnal. Expressive s.-Phlloxenus. Forbidden by duty-Mahomet of IIumlllation-Romans. " Ignorance-" Bendleather." Imposslble-Qeorge Fox. Impressive prayer In s. Rebuked by s. -Luther. In Religion-Pythagoras, in Season of peril -A. Lincoln. vs. Shouting-Soldiers. In Sicknf iS Imposed. Speechless s. of gf-atltude-P. Success by s.-Theodora. Successful s.-John Lock, of Vexatlon-Sancroft. Working ins.-S. A. Douglas. See DUMB. Delivered-Son of Croesus. siraoNY. Debauchee's s.-KIng Philip. Papal s.-Virgllius. 5117 1924 nt.448 442 4820 2(«6 1312 1172 1313 31)07 2602 1173 KHm 4,S79 8.57 4009 99 6127 1044 1152 3485 5305 2094 0152 5295 ♦5151 ♦5153 Miscellaneous cross-reference. Sale of popedom. simPLiciTir. Dlfflcult-S. Johnson. Preserved by Joan of Arc. Royal S. of Julian. 1203 ♦5153 ♦5154 ♦5155 Miscellaneous cross-references, in Arohitecture-Dorlo. Happiness by s.-Quakers. Life of s., Private-Mahomet. (( ft ^t ii 4( Popularity by manners. " s.-Adrian. Republican s.-Thos. Jefferson. 294 2518 9672 2673 4320 4969 2770 Requisite In architectural be'ty. 281 SIN. Indulgence for money. ♦5in< Ovorlooked-S. Johnson. ♦Sl.^? Remedy for s.-Am. Indians'. '•\'A I'npurdouable s.-Wm. Cowper.*.'>15t» MI»cc'llunei)U.t cross-riferencefl Burden of s.-Oeo. Fox. " " " -Cromwell. II II 11 -Punance. 'n CItles-Llnooln Conviction of s.-J. Nelson. Detested by Wm. Gassaway. of Dl.sobedlence-Monks. Dramatized, Adam's 8. Melancholy sense of s. Painful sense of s.-Bunyan. -Clark. Pardon of s., Evidence of. Permission to s.-Jesults. Permitted by revelation. I'leasure of s. -Johnson. I'leasures of s.-Bunyan's. Prayer for conviction of s. Remorse for s. -James II. " " " -Bunyan. Statement of s., Offensive. Struggle with s.-M. Luther. Unoorrupted by s.-Pelaglans. Unhapplness by s.-Bunyan. Unpardonable s. -Fancied by C. Youthful sin atoned. See SINNER in he. 3504 3.505 4102 899 1189 1088 ;i.S47 1717 1179 1084 1181 8999 110') 324 J 420.1 lOMJ 1188 li3;j 1 80 2050 01,50 1202 1191 288;j 1002 SINCERITY. Attractions of s.-Wm. and A. ♦SlOO Power In s.-Cissar. ♦eiei Miscellaneous cross-references. Distrusted, Augustus's s. 1687 Impossible-Habit of Chas. I. 2041 vs. Life-Martyr Hubs. 1918 Proof of s.-Mahomet. .1007 Sel.'-depreclating s. of Banyan. 1192 Simplicity of s.-Cromwell. 418:) Unequlvooating s. of Huss. 1918 See CANDOR. Christian c. in discussion. ♦705 See FRANKNESS. Brave ministerial f . 1243 Noble f.-Confession 3819 Straightforward f., Luther's. 1092 See INTEGRITY. Recognized-Samuel Adams. 670 Reputation for i.-Arlstides. 478S II .i_f-ato. 4793 -Lincoln. 4792 See INTENTION. Evidence of good 1. 4515 Guilt by i.-Betrayal. 3.381 See MOTIVE. DUgulsed in gov't. 3145 Quality determined by m. 3510 See MOTIVES. Higher m. -Religious. ♦3733 Morality In m.-S. Johnson. ♦3734 Conflicting m.-Plety-Reverence. 876 Good m defeated by bad th'ori'8.904 Mixed m.ln benevolence-J'hns'n.SSSl See CONSCIENCE and HONESTY in loc. SINULNG-SI.EKI'. SINGING. Friends made by h. -Luther. IHI 1 Kldlculed, Platu'8 ». 131 i Be* MUSICIAN. Illustrious m.-llomor. 8317 NeKleotod m.-Starvatlon of E. 4:138 Sue SONIi. Enamoured by s.-J. Quinoy. ♦.")'•.'(« Political 8.-EiiKlttud. ♦5-,'(i;i on the Battlefloid-l'rusHlans. STHH SINGVLAHITY. Motive for s.-Dloitene-i. *ft]6-i Si'e PKCI'I.IAIUTIKS. liellgioua p.-1'urltans. -IM'-i SINNER. OrossrflVrenci'. Despised s.-Aaron Hurr. 856 SINNERS. Crusade of s.-lst I'rusadu. *51ti3 SINS. Deliveranoe by iiidulKences. *.'ilC4 of Others-J. Buiiyan. *510.) Tormenting 8.-J. Bunyan. 'SlOO Cro8«-reterciif;e. Financial equlvalent-Tetzel. WOO See CONFESSION-. Death-bed c.-8hameful. 1081 ;!3 Age of excessive d.-Uomans. 1^1 " " d.-Introduction of C. U'4 Destructive d. of Nero. 339 Inclination of d.-Eating. 4303 with Intellectual power. 1009 Locality of d. concentrated. 1393 1. 14 (1 1. 1399 Parental d. confessed-C. IV. 3000 See INDULGESCK. to Sin by penance. 2800 See INDULGENCES. Cargo of i., PapaL •3801 Papal I. by Tetzel. ♦3803 «ale of i.-Church building. ♦3803 of Appetite-Degraded by. 368 " " -Shameless. 360 " " -Voraolous-JohDs'n.3183 Authority tor papal 1. 837 «aleofi., Tetzel's. 5164 " " " " 4309 to Sln-Pope Leo. 5150 fiplrituali, Origin of. 711 See CONVERSION, CRIME, RE- PENTANCE and WICKED- NESS in loc. SISTER. Comforting s., John Banyan's. *5107 SKILL. Mlsapplied-I'i'rpflUttl niDtton. ♦51(18 l'ri)of of 8.-Kolh8i;lilld. ♦5I(;9 MIsccllHiienuit iTdin rcfiTihi'cu. .Marksman's s.-Coninuxlus. 3t'i(i " "-crockHtt. i;t33 S.c AUILIIIES mid INdEXUlTV I'l Inc. SKULL. Crudt* ri'fiTi'rK't!. Ominous discovery of s. SL4NDER. Dofenco from s.-Napoluon I. from Eavy-Joliu Bunyun. Kino from s. $500,000. Opposition by h.-J. Wesley. I'erseuutor's s.-t'onstantlne. of I'lety-Ulohard Baxter's. Pimishbd by James I. Uewarded-Dlok Talbot. Victim of s.-Columbus. 3170 ♦5170 •5i;i ♦5ir3 ♦5173 ♦5IT4 ♦5175 ♦5176 ♦5177 ♦5178 MIsci'lliiiieous cro»9-refereiii'i's. Abusive 8. of Nap. by Britons. 31 of Americani by Sam. Johnson. 314 Inconsistency of 8. -Nap. I. by E. 34 Shameful s. of woman. tWU Victim of s.-(!romwell "Kinff.":W93 " '• " -Bolivar. 4041 See CALUMNY. Instlgated-Maximus Fablus. ^701 Opposition by c.-Chas. Wesley. *702 Bid for c.-Sootch Insurgents. 1947 I'unlshed-Injurles in kind. 3100 Shameful c. of physician, 1048 Victims of c- Knights Templars. 19.39 Sec DEFAMATION. Punlshed-Titus Oatos. ' ♦14H7 See LIBEL. Trials for 1.- William Hone. *»Mi Anonymous i.-Mllton. 1165 False accusation of 1. 3049 Indifferent to l.-Frederick II. .5399 Press prosecuted for I. 4136 " " " 4438 SLANDERS. Vile 8. against primitive Cii. *5179 SLANG. Familiarity with s.-Palmerston. 1311 SLAUGHTER. Barbarous s.-58,000 C'rth'g'n's-^5180 E.-^terraloatlng s. of Germans. ♦SlHl Miscellaneous cross-references. Authorized by Jesuits. 1083 in Battle-Asians. :108 " " -100,000 at Fonteiiay. 930 See MASSACRE in liM. SLAVERY. Antiquity of s. ♦5183 Avarice of s.-English. ♦5ia3 Beginnings of s.-Georgia. ^5184 of Captives-Homans. ^5185 In England-A.D. 1215. "5186 Introduced in Virginia. ♦SIS? !»;i5 ♦.'J1H8 ♦5189 ♦MOO ♦5191 ♦5MW ♦5193 ♦5191 ♦51 9.^ ♦5 IX Mitigated -Atlioiiluii. -Udtnaiis. Niitiiral to Turks Opposed by Frit'iids. I'rdvaltMici! of s.-Homo. of PrisoMiifs Eigland. I'uiilMhod by H. -England. Ktipulslvo s.-Engiutid. rnulirlsiian s. In England. Mlsci'lluiK'iiiH erosR-roferenciM. .\t)olltion of 8., .struggle for. 4101 Affection in h.-P( -npcy. e.'.vi Cuptivfs sold Into 8.-C'ii"s»r. iliii Cowards punished by s.-H. 1375 Cruelty of s. -Helots. I.!()5 Death preferred to s -Chinese. I'.Mk) " of American B.-Lincoln. ;I3'37 Debtors sold into s.-Uoman^. 1405 Dcsporate dcfonce of s. 41.">9 Daul)t respecting monility of s.lnw Eseape from s. by murder. 80 Galling s. of Peruvians. 4.537 Haired to s.-Ua.sh-J. Brown. .'lOHS Imperilled by s.-Americaii C. .3800 Iiuiiau 8. -Labrador. 1390 Labor degraded by s. SXVi Opposition to 8. by Abolitionists. 147 Poor sold into s. -England. .503 Sold into s.-Piato. 748 Suppressed 8. -Boston, year 1701 1859 to VVealth-Peruvlans-lllus. .598.1 Wretched s. of Helots. i:36a See CAI'TIVITY in loc. SLAVES. Angelic s.-the Englbli. of Disbelievers-Virginia. Docility of 8. -Civil War. liebeliion of s.-Koman. White 8. in Virginia. (if Ceremony-Constantine. " " -Ambassadors. Condition of Anglo-Saxon s. Fidelity of s. of Cornutus. Imperilled by s.-Uome. Sale of aged s. -Inhumanity. SLAVE-TRADE. Opposed-Continental Cong. ^5303 Uuspected-New York, yr. 1001. ♦5803 ♦5197 ♦5198 ♦5199 ♦5300 ♦5301 7.58 750 780 .5;«l 43«« 8a5» Conscienceless conduct-Eng. by Pirates- Homans. SLEEP. Benefit of s. -Disposition, at Command of Napoleon I. Deficient in s.-Joslah Qulncy. Exceptional s. of Sir W. Scott. Perilous s. of Columbus. Surprising s. of Argyle. Transient s. of Napoleon I. Undisturbed-Washington. Ills 4187 *.58(M ♦5205 ♦.5306 ♦.5307 ♦,5208 ♦.5309 ♦5310 ♦5311 Miscellaneous cross-references. Afraid to sleep- War. 645 Awakening prevents s., n'rg'us.4103 Command of s. by J. Wesley. 138 Denied to amliitlous Mahomet 11.303 Diminished by study. 5.379' Disturbed by envy-Theml3tocles.*189 IIP O.'Jfi HI.Kl>:i'KKH— HOLDIKUS. ^ k ' Disturbed by fear-('r<)mw(Urn ■. ."iOfl Bxpolled by atixlety-Lliiuolii. ■J47 I'ulnrulH.-WiiHley. II III hi Hiinotiiiiry, Cuod ii. bllu 8u|)»niiitiiritl r<-Hiilt8 u(-Falae. t'J>Vt UndlHliirbcd by caru. SSSO S,, DUKAM in (oc. sm<:kpbr8. the Hovon h. I.iiKfiul. ♦S8ia In tii;' Ttwnpio Inn. ♦6il.i N:niiiK. Resented by 'riinuiii'. ♦6214 ('ros[4-ri'fi*ri'iK'u. Punished witn death-Dejooes. 1584 NinOKEH. Female s.-Mrs. ■Iiicks-n. •8810 SinVfjiULlNU. Fined lu KiiKlund. ♦5210 {'rosH-ri'fcri'iicc'. Prevention of h., Ineffective. 155!.' NNEKR. ('rosH-rufcri'hccs. SaroaHtU; n. at DoinoHthenes. Sneer for s.-Colnnt?! Tarleton. Si'c CONTKMI'T in lot. era 8902 !iNOBS. CroNS-rcferunce. Hatred for 8. -Thackeray. 3534 St'O rilKTKNSIoN in Joe. SOOIABIIilTY. CruMS-refenMiCf, Kant of 8. -Knftlish people. factors of Kng.-Iteform'ra BeiietU. of h. -William Cowper. Hrutallzed by art UoinuiiB. Cast;} In KngllMh h. in Cities three ItleHHiiiKH of h. i'(impas!ilonl(>M,>i H.-old Kiigland, Confusion In s. -Civil War. Clime ooraroltted against s. Degeneracy of Roman s. Degra Dauntless s.-Krimks. ♦.528V Defensive s.-Greek Kmpire. *.52HS Disobedient s.-Kngllsh. ♦.52.19 Fearful s. -Romans, ♦52li> Graves of s. decorated. ♦.5241 Invulnerable s. -Asiatics. ♦.5242 Maimed -Supported by gov't. ♦,5243 Marked-IIand-Face. Misnamed-" Klrke'n Lambs.' Model 8., (.'romwell's. Nation of s.-Ciaula. Notorious-Wilson's Zouaves. Odd 8., Cromwell's. Piety of 8.-Cromwei;'8. ♦,524 1 ♦ 5245 ♦5246 ♦5847 ♦5248 ♦2249 ♦.52,T() ♦,5251 ♦,5252 Poor 8. described. Professional- Lacedjemonians. ♦,52.53 Quality of s.-Croinwell's. ^.5254 Terrible s.-Janizaries, ^5255 Unqualified r. of Charles il. ♦,52,50 Mlscelluiieuiia eroBS-referencet, Athletic 8. -Roman. Burdened s.-Roman. Cheering of s.-" Rebel yuU.'' Controlled by gentleness. Courage or disgrace. Degraded to citlzens-Ceesar's. Desertion of s.-Plunder. Devotion-Swedes to ('has. Xll. Discipline of s.-Severe-G. XII. Enthusiasm of Confederate s. Exasperated by s.-Patriots. Female s. of Crusade. " "-Mussulmans. " "-Dahomey, vs. Followers-Persians-G. In"xperienced s. -Mistakes. Inferior s. -Irish-James IL Irritated by precedence. Marching of s.-Remarkable. Misplaced s. in navy. Orphans of s.-Ed. by State. ' adopted by S. Piety of Eng. b. -Puritans. Poor impressed as s.. The. Praying s. -English Revolution. " " -of Cromwell's. Provision for veteran s.-R. Quality better than quantity. (i 4i II il Religious s.-Cromwell's. Remarkable s.-Cresar's. 18s!7 2520 789 1559 1236 3755 2417 1239 4174 1907 .'1517 0143 0141 6140 38:n 8813 317 4400 3427 271S 4064 58 4390 4892 4378 4385 177 4590 4591 764 4484 5819 SOLI rii)i;_si'i:( Tin;. \>n: Kevolt ofn.-Am. Hev.-Ulet. 4878 Auleof N.-Cromwull. jua 4«74 8ii(!(ioMMfiil In ») irly llfo. (11H7 HufforliiK of d.-Viilloy Korno. tfJOH HupcrNtltloii u( KiiKllsh M. MOO 8uppi»rtc(l by Iiooiy-Tmjiin W. 0*1 Valuable •i.-NiipDleon'H aide*. 8884 Hoc AI.MY iitiil WAU I'l ho. MOL.ITUDR. DollKlit In H. DiiiiUil llootui. *M')7 Mdroieneaa by H.-C'lirysostom.'sass Mlacellttneoim crnnU'rcfcroiici'i. Abuse (>r M.-t^ulotlHtH-AxlatluH. 357 Attraotldnx of h.-iI. Wosloy. 3ftH for Orlef NapoleDH. 1180 Lovo of H.-Maliotnut. KHH MuUiiiclioly from 8., Indian. U557 8oo ISor-ATIDN. Hafety by 1. -German States. *;10(K) SON. a Devoted B.-C'onfuolu8. *^•S>'.) like .Motlior-Nero. ♦flsMK) tteconollInK s.-Thomlstocles. ♦5'v'til Mlaci'lluiieoutcruiis-rcfureiici'S. Affectionate ».-Wm. Cowper. 110 " "-Walter Scott. Ill " " -Calug Marclug. 1 li! " "-Hertorlu8then.G.113 " "-Alexander. 114 " " -Alexander the G.77J " "-Napoleon I. 115 " " -(!ras8us'. 5a))5 Antipathy of s.-J Howard's. laa Ashamed of his mother. Birth of 8., Joy by. vs. Country-Spartan. Destroyer of mother-Nero. Dislnherlted-RellKlon-Penn. Disobedience expiated. Dutiful 8. in manhood. 37^4 1317 31)70 1,5(W 37^3 " "-Alexander the Great. 3730 Filial ambition of Calus. iia Grateful s. -Napoleon I. 37S7 " " -Nero. 37ai Illegitimate a. honored 3470 Initrate s.-Matriclde-Nero. 374;j " "-Nero. 1110 " '-Infamous. 3713 Mother makes the son. aouo Iteformed by running away-C. 637 Rejected by father-Wm. Penn. 474,5 Shameless s.-Prlnce Ferdinand. 5ia5 Wayward a. reclaimed. 6814 SONG. Enamoured by s.-J. (Juincy. *5aC2 Political s.-EnjjIand. *5S03 on the Battlefield. 8788 See .MUSIC in loo. SONS. Miscellaneous cross references. Ingrate s. of Henry II. 1634 4005 Pride In s., Mcther's-Cornella. 3728 See CHILDREN in loc. 80PIIIST1IV. (JronH-rrriTciiit'. An.swiiM of s.-AloxanJof. -WOH .Stu AlKir.MK.VT itiKl DKIIATK II. h,r. SOII4 ICItV. ('ondeiniicii luiif., yuiir IMO. *MM I''(!ttr of H.-Joaii of Arc. •.Vjii.'i Punished by Ilctiry VI. ♦5a(Ml MNci'lhUH'oiiH iToart-refurctiCOrt. liiillef In H. by Komuiis. vi. Dlsclplliic-UusuliiiiH, Work of .s.-.J.Jiiii of Arc 8ei' llKUrslo.NS irt loo. SOltltOW. a UvInK s.-llac' hoii. Sentimental H.-.Verxe8. r,'HI I l!i:| y«i»i •ftaB7 *5a08 MIsci'lliiiii'oii!! crnssri.rerciici'S. of Ambition .Nup. and Josephine. 101 " Borcavcmcnt-A. JiickMon. lo,'> ( 'rushed by parciitiil M. Henry II um .Mothers' s.-Indliiu war. 3731 Parental s.-Kuliu'd child. 7111 TouohlnK s -Miirtyr Taylor. aci of Women -Turks. .i;i,-)0 See ANOiriSlI. ProionKcd a.-GarlbaUll. *i:M ConJuKal a. of Joseplilne. 101 Mental a. -Napoleon-Waterloo. ;jMI7 Murderer's a. -Alexander. 1714 1 Si'O DISTKKSS. Abstinence In d. 30ti3 Amusement followed by d. a,s Public d. utilized for ijaln. 083 .See IK^'K-SICKNK.S.S. Sorrowsofh.-s.-Ciiin'se women. .57U' Victims of li. s.-Plzarro's men. 880 .See A IJ V K Its IT Y, M K I, A .\ ( ! ! I () I. V and MOtJKXl\(f in luc. SOUL. Divinity of s.-PythaRoras. *,")86n Immortality of s. -Socrates. *5a70 Mystery of the 8. -Mahomet. *.5'.'71 Nobility of 8.-Darlus. *587a Seat of the s -Pineal gland. *.5873 Superiority of s.-Wllliam III. ».'.274 Miscellaneous crossnferences. Alarm fors.-H. D. (iough. " " " -Bunyan. Liberated by conversion. " " " -Luther. " " " -()ou«h. " -Bunyan. -Clark. i( i\ Ik Neglected for the world. " -Care for others. Unrest of longing 8. Unsatisfied with works. SOCLS. Cross-references. Indifference to needs of s. Lost clerical s. Love of s.-Sacriflces. See IMMORTALITY. Belief In 1. by Poet Stielley. 117!) lini 1175 117H 117!) 1181) IIKI 11!)3 0158 0**J 2538 6156 944 932 1603 ♦2745 Kalth in 1., Arab's. ♦!f74a Hope of I, Walter HalolgU. ♦a? J7 llulief In l.-Hi)(.,. of 'I'liuNt'Uit. ••JM of tlio Ditml-IIuitli Miller IMI9 StiirllliiK "Kvll uniiliiM " li-ji) 8PK4'|;ii4TION. KmliinKi^rtiilliy M "llliii.'k I'." •5vv.> K|ilil('ml(t of .;.-l';iit{., yr. 17*). • Mi*) Irnporlllitd hy H.-KHHoullty. ♦■VJMI MHiiluuf M.-Kmiiue. •UMti -Knuliiiid. «9a« < ippreMioii by N. Fraiiuo. •fisWJ I'i'fventlon ofN. l.ttKUIallon. *!fliVi ItillnoU!^ S.-" MInnInnIppI H." •,V.>80 MlHi-(>llHi)(MtiiH croMA-rufertincei. Rra of H. John Law. S134 lluartlt'NN H. of ciiiifitdfritlfH. •IK) lerlod of M.-Viiii lltireu'M Ad. .'il»;i) Hiilnod by H.-Kraiic<r. Hasty w.-llonry II. orlifln of w.-" Sandwiidi." 'I'hrllilnif w.-llp. I.atlnier. UTBl •flH4 •fllltl •tiiir Days of l.-HnmaiM. KnuouraReraeiit for f(<><'d I. HPRrtJLATOHS. Ddfcatof 8. -Niipolcon I. I'endciou.i s -Vlrnlnla. JtevuMKu ou 8. by poor. SPBEOH. Brovlty In s.-Qon. Grant. It tt O «l it I)ls8«niblln(r S. of CbosroeH. Karnest s. of John Milton. Irrepressible ».-Lady Fairfax. " " -Honof Cra'HUs Passionate s.-Kmp. Julian. ♦fiaotl }'lalnnec8 In a -Athenians. *.5S!l)r UtfsponslblUty for publii; h. •521IH [ Toleration of s.-Krederlck II. * .'laflo rnrestralnable s. -Meddling. •B.IOO i Worthy s.-C'ano!ichet. 'SSOl ! 139,1 OO-.'l ♦.VJHT ♦StfSM *9S8U •.W()0 •.lijfll ♦Raid ♦.•5*13 *5a)l Disease alTeots use of w. KHO Hasty w. -Contrition for-II. II. wmii Memorial in iiol)le w. 0117 VerblaKu of diplonuu^y. l.MW hoe CONVKIl.H.XTIO.V, Kl.O- QrKN<;K bikI rui.:A<'ii- INO ill in: , SPRLLfNO. Had 8., OeorKe WashliiKton's. •,V)Oa Diverse 8.-8hake8peare. ♦.V)03 C'roHH ri'rtTftu'i'. Error-Conquered vs. Concord. 1067 Hei' OlirilDUl'AI'llY. Had o. excustd-Napoleon I. •31lfia SPIBN. Kiisnared by s.-()straKoth8. Shameless s.-John Locke. CroHsrefcri'iice. Victims of 8. -Theodora's. ♦5806 1344 Mlscellani'nus cross-jeforeiicea. Abusive 8. of Luther. ll.-)9 Complacently re(;arded-Ad'm8.1A33 Confused by rIdlcule-Demos. 2081 Freedom of s. In Parliament. 2219 Imprudent s. of consuls. 1099 Inopportune s.-Icasla. .34H.5 LlbHrty of s. denled-Kojcland. 3ii3 Miraculous s.-Cath. martyrs. 3044 Produced from abdomen. S().")M Kldiculed-Flrsts.-DiBraell 4151 Short 8. of A. Lincoln. B115 Suppressed, Free s.-Enifland. 8940 " Uyitiif man'ss. 1441 ."-t'e LANCil'ACiK. Adaptation of l.-Greek and R.*3I30 Contempt for l.-Battle of H ♦3131 Importance of l.-Lycurgus. ♦3137 and Manners-Romans. ♦31.38 " " -Early ages. ♦31.33 Origin of I. by Inspiration. ♦31.34 Paradlsalo-Perslan-Mahoiaet. ♦31.35 TrdiuinK in l.-Ronians. ♦SISO Actions speali-Hurling a spear. 41 " " -"Cutting popples. 48 Beauty of 1 lost by translation. 659 I Apparent g.-Rev. Tunnell. SPIRIT. Impelling .s.-(ieorge Fo7,. ♦5.300 Tcaohlngs of the .S. -(Quakers. ♦M07 Sei' HOLY srilUT in lot: KPIKITN. Communication wltli s.-s. ♦.%308 *:>;m> Intercourse with 8.-Platoid8ts.^,'j3lO Lying 8.-Swede:iborg. ^531 1 Mliilsterlug-Saniuel Johnson. ♦5318 MlscellunKuu.4 eniss-rcfcrences. Communlon-Swedenborg. 1448 " with conditioned. 3,')54 " " 8.-Swedenb'rK.!)l4 Manifestatlona, Fraudulent. SS-IS of s.-John Dee. 3H04 Posaessing horses. 6460 Visit from an evil s.-Luther. 2.500 Sie Al'PARITION. Belief In a.-S. Johnson. ♦8.5(i False a.-" Three knights." ♦8.->4 Fancied a. of Theseus. ♦iSS of the Dead- Hugh Miller. Startling a.-" Evil genius." See GHOST. Improvised g.-Ooldsmlth. 069 1180 ♦8353 2308 Hue OIIONTH. liellef In g.-Hainuel Johnson •IMM .<<'e»r of g., .Siamese. ♦iklm Hue rilA.M JM. Alarmrtl by p.-Tlieodorlc. HIS I'uriued by p. -Murderer. liod H.e HI'KCTUK. Terrifying i. Urutuii's vision &S4(i SPLK^DOH. Palatial s.-Tlraour. ♦SSM Si'i. DISI'LAV 111 /uc. NPOHT. Magnlneent Oriental h. *M\a ThoughtlesM h. Marriage. ♦6819 l'nei:JoytHl s.-M. Luther. •B3i» MUcflluiMMiUH crnfln.rerei'inGct. vs. Agricultural progrois. 1188 Devotion to h Kmp. (Jratian. 1007 " buiitlug-Wm. the c.3i».13 Hunting slaves by youth. 1806 Marksman-Oavid Crockett a. 4388 Hie .MAHKSMAN, Royal m.-Emp. Cominodus. 'S-I.'k) Accurate m. -Aster. 5101 Sec AMUBKMENT oiid I'lEA.SUUK in (do. NPRINU. C'r(i»»-refereino. Period for poetry-Milton, SPY. an Infamous s. -Tempter. 1014 •6881 >Il8ceIlaneou8 crosn-rclfcroncci, Arrested-Major Andrd. 1018 Honorod-Audr6's memorial. 2616 Suspicion created by a., False. S.3.50 Unsuspected s.-Alfred the G. 6H86 Bee DETKCTIVK in tvo, STACiNATION. Intellectual a.ofm'dern Greeks. 890y STARVATION. Depopulaieil by s.-Iiuly. tiee FAMINE /;i /»..•. STATK. Bereavement of s.-Ep'm'n'd'f Endangered by criminals, an Honored s. -Virginia. Neglected by cltizena. Protection of s.-£ducatlon. Security of h. -Education. Rlghtr of s.-NulUaoatlon. " " -Taxation 76. ♦5388 .♦538/1 ♦5384 ♦5;t.'5 ♦5386 ♦5827 ♦N388 ♦6380 •6330 Mlscelliineous crosa-rcfcrencea. Authority over s.-Popc. 8887 " of Church over the s. 080 Autocracy In 8. -"The 8 l8mys'lf.3407 Burdened by Cathollcl8m-E'r"pe.735 Children of the s.-S'ldiersorph'ns. 58 for the s.-Spartaus. 808 or Church-Choice-Ireland. 4118 Corruption destructive to the 8.3783 Education needful to the s. 6087 Endangered by Jesuits. SOlO " " " 8086 «i <« 41 3081 HTATKS.MAN-«TI{IFK. 1115 lliM A8I(1 •9311 lOH 8887 s. oao lf.240T pe.VSO I'DB.BS 808 4118 8.3783 6087 801!> 80-.2(l 30ai KodunguiDcl by uoiiimuDtkti. Iimi.'i " Vl06. Uli» ^m\>«r^\k^ byavurlce-Koinan* r^H " " corruptlon-Alben.tl7l " " vluo-Oaul. -London. Infldolitv tmperlU tbu b. Intumpcruncu endaiiKuro s. InvontorN nerve (be i. Moralltr prviiervei the it. I'reHerved by eduoiitton. UellKluti needful to the i. " preierve« the a. " ierve* thoi.-Cr'mwell KomanUni to rule the n. Saved by Inventori. State endaoKered by avarice. Hupremaoy oi the g.-necket. Trained for service of h. Vlue endauKera the h. -Catiline. " " B.-Va. Colony. Woman laveg tho n.-Kulvl* Si'f I'ATKIDTI.SM 1(1 In . S-tI7 UIIU im-.t) 'im\ 8700 3710 iMai 47!.'i. 47sr7 47.17 ftOH7 •i:m WM 4(HB 4tB0 4040 4041 4IM!i 4043 4014 4V4A 'J\m 1U15 N8!t 1000 0108 um 1 140 STATESinAN. Dangerous B.-Chas.Towasend *.vt.') i Degenerauy of BngUHh i>. •.v)3',' MlftccUancoun croiK-rcferciici's. IntrlKuer, not a ».-8unuerlnnd.'.'!ti'>7 I n? uccessful 8.-Talented-B. S'l'" STATESMANSHIP. Contemptible 8. -Napoleon lll.*,Vi'W FoolUh 8.-Jamee 11. ♦.VUW National 8.-Wm. the ('onqu'r'r.*.VW.') Kuinou8 8. -Spaniard!!. *.')3.S0 Mlscellaiivoiis croiifi-i'i.-r('rt'iict's. Blunder of s.-Taxlug ('olonlns. ImaKlnatlon addre886d In s. Masterly 8.-Cromwell. IteBults of 8.-CromwelI. Scandalous s.-Brltlsh. WUo 8. of Jefferson. Woman's 8.-Queen Caroline. See DIPLOMACY hi Inc. STATUARY. Mlsci'ilaneoui cniss-refiTciices. Destroyed-Ruin of PaKutiism. Mutilated by Romans. Unappreolated-S. Johnson. SeeSCULVTOR. Mental s.-Socrates. Nobility ln-"Eternallze fame STATDB. Honored by s.-Cato. Inirooniu s.-Apollo, Lofty t.-Ltnuulu. ■Mm 8740 a3i3 ««7 5061 mm 3683 . 331 :«7 334 *.'50J« ••*,5057 •63:^7 *A8iM ('riiMri'fciri'iirc. Itt'priiaentatlvuof I'buractcr, 03 1 !*!■<■ LAW itiMl I.Klll-I.ATlilN in l,„\ STKAiTIIIOAT. MUn'ltiiiH'ttiM trn»i4 rvfrri-'icua. Kxporlmmt wlih (Irst ». um IniTi'dullty rt'Hpuctliiij the n. 'i'ldtl rri'dlcitloii SuciM'Hufrl H. tfl()7 NTKAmiOlTM. Kliftt ». In KiiKliitnl •.VUO wrK/iraEiNdiiNh. I'rnhH rt'IVri'iiri', I'rt'Jiidli'e oppoM'il till- H.-e. .|il(i NTEP-:fI<»TlIKll. ( rcK«M ri't't-ri'tirc. I'dwer of H. -in. Murder. 4188 HTUimA. M lrni'lliini'c)ii» cidiwriferi'iiii'!!. IriJuNtloe of 8. on CI(!ero. aH73 S'.mnit'ful 8. of bribery. 5!m;.'I Sit DISdllACE »ml KKI'UOACll ill /(;('. STOK'ISin. Admlred-Soulbey. *XH\ SeemliiK 8. of Wm. I*, of Orange. 181 Sec IXnirFKIlKNCK in ttic. STONE. Sacred 8. ut Kmch.'i. " " " Mecca. *5;i4a ♦5343 ('niHiiTc'fercnce. Sacred 8.-KlaKabalu8-Komo. 2085 STORIVI. DcBtruotlve s. In Kn^laiid. *r>HH Terrible s.-Reljcn of Chas. I. *.W15 I'nequalled B.-Hobert Burns. *XUa 4169 4904 Death by l.-..KsculaplU8. SlRnlflcant l.-Sacrlfices. See WIND. Dependence on w.-Wm.P. of 0.1862 Experiment with w -Newton. 1003 Sectarian w.-Wm. P. of OranKe..'>(M6 STRANGERS. Chilled by s. at St. Kllda. ♦5347 See FOREIGNERS in loc. IKJ'.t NTHAT..»Ein. Credible h. of I'uralan* •MIH DlRlionorable *, Spaniards. *KUO SuuceN* by 8.-(l«orKla. ♦M.V) Comutus. ♦N'151 MliicrlluiK'iiiiii crdM-rtfcnincft, of Loyally Woman. VVV Oath by H Harold II. BRtO in Uetreal WnMhlnKton. 481-J of VeMKeant^e Shipwreck. l.'MT '.Irtue overcome by H. Hape. •JvTt! Si.. A.MIIIX AliI-;. Perils of H llraddoek's defeat. 07 Sec (■uN>l'I|tAI V in l„c. NTHATK«JY. DespUed Purslans. .Needful H.-(.'olumbU8. .Mlscelluiieoua crusw-rcfereiR'ts. Calmness in 8. -Moravians. 8111 DIsreRarded-Celebratlon of lib. .181 1 Lesson of s.-" steady!" 8147 Loss by 8. -A. LiDcoln. Iia") Memorable s. -Death of Croni. !H'>5 Terrific 8. -Columbus. ll.'iS Terrifylnjf B.-Awakeninir-L. .XOl Vow8 made in s. -Columbus. .'5864 See IH'KUICANE. Ominous h.-Death of Crom. *8680 See MOHTNINO. Fear of 1., Superstitious. ♦320') ' -W"8hln(tt'n'smother.*.33()0 •M.VJ ♦.•A-i.'! MIncelliiiH'cmiicroiMi'referenceii. vs. Numbers H. Cortei. !W.'I0 Victory bys.-W. Scott 'Dutton "10 STHEKTS. Darkne^is of n. of London. Filthy 8. of London. f^THKNGTH. Conselousness of s - Mex. I'hystlcal s. -Peter Jefferson, " '-Washington, by Plety-Cromwell. Sic ATlll.KTi:. Itemarkable a -Tbraclun. Iloyal a.-Ilenry II. Moral weakness of Mllo. Htron)? a. -Father o. felTerson. " " -OeorKc WnahiiiKton. lite ATIILKTK Karly trulnInK of n.-Pe- (an. " " " " -Spartans. Kdueatlon of a. -Roman. Military a.-Uoman. Trained a -Roman soldiers. .■iec KOKCE in li>r. ♦5;i:)4 ♦.VI.Vi ♦.');!.'>« *.->;ir)H ♦ft3.M» ♦!;«7 ♦.388 ♦;jH9 .WiO MMt 1770 1817 1778 1827 6679 STRIPE. Cholcelns. Louis XIV. ♦.1800 ConJURal s. -Reconciliation. *:>S6\ Family s.-Abominable. *.'5362 Premature s. -Bishop Burnet. ♦5363 UeBponslbillty for 8. -James II. ♦.5364 MlHColliinemm cnnn-refereiieeD. Love of s.-EnRllsh ancestors. .5878 Music In 8 -Charles XII. 8752 Needless s.-BattIo of N. Orlean8.487 Provokhif; 8. by young knlKhts. 101 Ueiifn of s.-Enitllsh barons. 24.')6 See ANTAIJON'SM. Natui-al a.-Protestani and ('. I. 243 In Personal character-M. L. 761 " -(i. Ellz. 76;i I'nnatural a. -Father-Son. 1064 See CDNFLICT. Bootless c.-Bunker Hill. ♦lOfiO Land of c. -Kentucky. ♦lOOl Rule of c.-Wm. P. of Orange, ♦loes Self-sustaining c. -Spoils. ♦1063 I'nnatural c.-Wm. I. the N. ♦1064 Unprepared for o -Greeks. •1065 Inglorious c.-Commodus. 58SS 940 STRUGGLE— SUCCESS. Il 970 4000 IO()H 4838 Sentluenlal c. -Earth and gea. Sham o.-Bftttlo of Brennevllle. the Spiritual va. Anlmul-Man. Unequal o -I'Izarro-Ausasslns. personal '■. ■SceCONKLICTS Mental c. in religious cluty-Joan.41T Sie FIGKTINO. ;n neatb-Pcrsians. *3129 DuHpflrate f.-Threeout of 600. *;!i;io and Hra}iDK Admiral Blake. '-iVil STRVOtiljK. Fierce B.-Paul Jones. Hopeless s.-Batlle of Free). See CONTEST in luc. ♦.5364 *5360 STUDENT. Belated-CharlemaRne. *S367 Folly of s.-OUver Goldsmith, *5869 Royal s.-Char'.emagne. •5368 Miscellaneous eroBS-references. Closo 8. -John Mll*on. Impecunious s.-ll. Luther. Precocious s.-Alexander Pope. Pride stimulates s.-Newton. Pugilistic g.-HuRh Miller. Ridlculed-"Bible Moths." Royal s -Queen Elizabeth. Rules iRnore.l by s. 6^11 497 4403 4493 S46S 68S 6098 8664 STUDENTS. ('^o^s-r('f^?rL'I'"L^ Patriotism of .s.-Am.Rev'lutlon.4072 STUDIES. Ancient s.-Itii y. *5370 STUDY. Devoted to a.-T. Jefferson. '■ " "-Prest.. Madison Preparatlo»i by s.-J. Milton. *5371 ♦5372 ♦5373 ♦5374 Napoleon r.*5375 3794 604 1445 4891 5024 i016 5025 Miscellaneous onissrcferences. Absorbed In s.-Newton. Blindness by 8.-J. Milton, in Death-Sea-chart. Devotion to s.-Youiig Nap. Dislike for s. -Robert Fulton. Humble s. of Burns. Incentive to s. -Emulation. Neglected s. by young Newton. 179 Passion for s.-Blaise Pascal. 2.324 Perseverance in s.-CiBsar. 1491 Plan of s, vs. Plan of battle. 2330 Private s.-Early and late-Davy. 86 Prolonged «.-All night-Mllton. 1014 Success by continued s. 4032 Thorough-Bunyan in prison. 81 •See EDUCATION and SCHOOL in Inc. Hoys f. at school-I. Newton. 170 Inoff jctlve f. at " Ish.nd No.l0."483 See SEDITION. Partisan s.-"Bluesand Kreen*.''.V)78 Se*j UATTLK, CONTEST. HATRED iUKl OPI'OSITION in iuc. H STUPIDITY. >oles8 s. of Jamfs 1'. ♦53:6 MlscellrtneouB crosn-referenccs. Improvident s. -Gold-seekers. 2807 Insult of s.-James II. 2903 Mistake o' s.-llag vs. I'eails. 2723 Offloial 8. -Newcastle. " "-Traitor-Arnold. Traveller's s.-Crusaders. STYLE. Adaptation of s.-.M. Luther. See FASHION in lut. SUBJUti.lTIOIV. Intolerable s. by Irlsli troops. *,'j.378 Oppressive s. bv Mahomet II. *.537!) Crosc-reference. Resented by Bishon Mark. Scf SUI'l'KESSION. Failure of religious s. of Heresy by Uw-Kiigland. " Indignation by Napoleon. " Resentment to robbery. See CONlit'EST in loc. SUBLIini'i'Y. Influence of s. -Pyramids. SUBiniSSION. HumlliatiUKS. -Richard II. of foul-Penitential s. *53«1 ♦5.382 Miscellaneous oroa.s- references. Kxaotlng b. -James II. 248 Humiliating 8 -Captive Emp. 2197 Prayer of s. -Socrates. 4557 Soul's 8. to God. 53*;2 SUBORDINATION. Cross-reference. Example of s. -Peter the Qreat.196: SUBSISTENCE. Cross-reference. Indicated-" Spoon in cap." .5(i;U SUBSTITUTE. Happy 8.-Persecution. ♦5383 Miscellaneous cross-references. Declined, Advocate's s. 101 for Husband, Wife a s. 4078 SUBSTITUTES. Miscellaneous cross-references. Punished In s. -Pirates. 1210 ■' "-Cowards. 1446 in Suffering penance. 2800 SUCCESS. Changes by s. -Columbus. ♦.')384 Dangerous s. -Rivalry. ^5385 "-Aicibiades. ♦5386 Dangers of g.-Demorallzatlon.+5387 Delusive s.-Charles Goodyear.^.5;i88 Deserved-Benj. Kranklln. ♦5389 a Disaster-Queen Anne's war.^5390 by Duplicity-Louis XI. *l,Wi. Encouraging s.-Battle of T. ♦5392 Fortunate s.-Emp. Honorius. *5SdZ Genius for s -Frederick II. ♦5.394 2710 2717 1553 2724 ♦537 883 2554 2550 5093 4808 ♦5380 Mlscc'llaneons cro-'M references . Essentials of s. In architecture. 5*94 " • " " Gothic a. 2( by Qentleness-Mlsslonaries. vs. Happiness-Cyrus. Jealousy of s. -Columbus. Joys of s.-Columbus. Lines of s. -General (irant. Misunderstood-Hannibal, a Necesslty-l'reDuh hev'l'tion Overruled-Alexander. by Perseverance-D'm'sth'nes Premature s.-C'has. Goodyear. Proof of 8. -Ellas Howe. Remarkable s.- Civil War. " "-Goethe Reputation by s.-Washington " "-E. Yankees. Steps to s.-Dr. Morton. Surprising s.-Romans. vs. Tactics-Napoleon I. Unenjoyed by C'tesar. Want of s.-Oeneral Grant, by Weakness-British Well-earned s.-A. Jackson. ♦5395 ♦5.39ft ♦5897 ♦5398 ♦.539» •.'■)400 ♦.'.401 ♦:i40» ♦5404 *.")405 *.-i40« *.-)407 *.>I08 ♦.5409 ♦.')410 *54I1 ♦5412 ♦.Ml 3 ♦.5414 ♦.5115 ♦,5410 Miscellaneous cr8ar. 2302 by Impuise-Sylla. 2767 Jealousy poisons s. 1911 Joys of s.-Coiumbup. 4628 by Labor-Jamestown. 3118 Little things necessary to s. 3328 Measured by aggre8slon-R'man9.150 Necessary-Boats burned. 1074 Perilous s.-Lottery. 3334 by Perseverance-Qoodyear. 4154 SUFFERING— SUPEKSTITION. 941 ♦6895 ♦&3fi6 •5897 ♦6398 *539» •5400 >n.*r)-101 ♦.MO-J L'S.*:)40» ir.*5404 •5405 •MOC *5407 m.*.")408 s. •540!> •5410 •5411 •5418 *r>4ia ♦5414 •5415 *,')41C 80 3184 r. 1782 136 467 653 C310 Lrc.1900 104G 3857 513 84S 1009 1042 1155 1247 159ft 2083 690 5777 2693 CI 87 6185 6184 5816 1871 1895 106 1060 2321 3081 4830 1603 S586 4559 3416 4o5 2302 2767 1911 4623 3118 3323 IDS. 150 1074 3334 4154 Presumption beRets s.-Three in.l076 bcKeta Pi-esumptiou. 2570 williout Prlnolples-C'raumer. lOlH Heinarkable s.-Conquest of C. 1060 of RlRht-Am. Uevolutlon. 5984 or Ruin-" Bring a ^ead." 8262 by Sacrlfloe-Mental-Jones. 1776 " Severity-Peter the Great. 8875 Silences unbelievers. 8306 Soldier's remarkable s.-P. 8885 by Speotalty-Maxlmlan. .5877 Spoiled by talkliiiit. 5148 Stimulation of s.-A. Lincoln. 3(i61 brings Success-Roths .'-hlld. 5169 Talent without s.- Goldsmith. mSO Unappreclated-Gold-seekers. 1636 Uneujoyed by Napoleon I. 6827 by I'nexpected activity. 1491 Vanity prevents s. 2213 by Wickedness, False s. 4,541 In " -Fredegonda 6109 -Sie POPULARITY, PROSPERITY and VICTORY in loc. SUFFERING. Mlscelluneous croas- references. Brotherhood In s.-Nelson. 85C8 from Brutality of enemies. 679 of Explorers-Spaniards. 8390 Extremity of 8.-"Blaok Hole " 1.3.56 by FlOfCBlnK-Tltus Gates. 8100 Fortitude In s.-Mexicans. 71 1 Indlflference to s. of others-S. 193 Lesson of s.-Sympathy. 1990 of Patriots at Valley Forge. Spiritual s.-Bunyan. "-Adam Clark. " "-Bunyan. Superior to s.-Phlllp. Victory in s.-Martyr. In War-Famine. " '■ -Fredrlcksburg. " " -Siege of Rouen. SUFFERINGS. Unspeakable s.-Dr. Mott. See AGONY. Crucifixion-" Highest Illus." 1180 1181 1198 6945 4028 6933 5918 6904 •5417 ♦148 Delight In gladiators' a. 108 Indifference to a., Inhuman. 1362 Pleasure in a. of dying. 1368 Mental a.-Josephine's divorce. 1699 Mocked-Martyrs. 1358 See ANGUISH. Prolonged-Garibaldi. ♦230 Conjugal a. of Josephine. 104 Mental a.-Napoleon- Waterloo. 3817 MurdciTT's a.-Alexander. 1744 See CROSS. Emblems of the Christian c. *1317 ProtocMcm of thee. -Roman L. *1318 Recovered-Holy relic from P. ♦1319 Victory by the c.-Con8tantlne.^l320 Charmed o.-" Agaus Del." 7ft3 Fraudulent 0. Tlellcs. 4672 Peace by the blood of ( he c. 1175 Preoious relics of the c. 4672 Relic of the c.-Nalls-Spear. 1047 Rival 0.-" Indulgence Cross." 827 Saved by the c.-Whltefleld. 4770 True c. captured by Persians. 38-J Victory by sign of o.-Con. 1781 See CRUCIFIXION. Modern c. In India. ♦ISSl Agony of c. Great. Honored after c. -Jesus. 148 1381 See MISERY. Delight In m.of others-Jeffreys. 8868 Infliction of m. -Arcadia. 448 Reaction of m. on oppressors. 6737 Royal m.-Constantlnople. 4949 " " -Stuarts. 4951 Splendid m. -Roman Emperor. 2688 See ADVERSITY, CALAMITY, CRUELTY, PERSECU- TION and TORT- URE in loc. SUFFRAGE. Perils of universal s. Universal s. -Virginia. •5418 ♦5419 (>(i98-referencc. Restricted to church members. 591 See ELECTION in loc. SUICIDE. Averted s. -Napoleon I. ♦5420 Cause of s.-Samuel Johnson. ♦.5481 Cowardice of s.-Am. Indians. ♦5428 Deterred-Benjamln Abbott. ♦.5423 Dyspeptic's escapo by s. ♦5424 Escape by s.-Demosthenes. ^5425 Glorification of s.-Stolcs. ♦5426 Mania for s.-WlUlam Cowper. ♦5427 Philosophic 8.-MarcU8. ♦5428 Remorseful 8. -Mr.-i. Shelley. ♦5489 Miscellaneous cross-references. Attempted by Cowper. 2691, 2883 at Command of ruler. 3843 by " -Forty wives. 1410 of the Defeated Clmbrlans. 1550 for Disgrace-Lucretia. 5780 Fanatic's s.-^Heligtous. 3506 Intentional s.-Youthful W. 1008 Intimtdated-Nero. 1270 Paradise gained by s. 1416 Preparation for s.-Slielley. .3345 " " -Fred. II. .3038 Prevented s.-Alexander's. 4021 Refuge from famine In s. 2015 " " adversity In s. 5420 Required-ex-Offloer-Turk. 3806 Soldiers' s.-Roman. 1404 " " -Antony. 1405 Temptation to s.-Melancholy. 1179 sumniER. Land of s.-N. Carolina. ♦51.30 summoNS. Exasperating s. -Black Prince. •5431 SUN. Worship of the s -Persians. ♦5432 SUNDAY. Burdensome s.-S. Johnson. •6433 See SABHATII in tur. SUNDAY SCHOOLS. Farmer's s.-s. -England. •5434 Fruit of s.-s. -England. •6435 SUPERIORITY. MUcellunciius crdssreferences. Contrasted-Greeks vs. Romans. 903 Manifold s.-Genlus of Nap. 2819 See DISTINCTION in loc. SUPERNATURAL. iliMi'i'lIiiiit'oua crcisurefiTences. Credulity concerning the s. 3!»u7 of West Indians. 6143 SUPERSTITION. Absurdity of s. -Papal. Aid of s. -Charles II. -Athenians. Alarm of s. -Europe. Appeal to s.-Constantius. " " " -J. Smith, and Astrology-Chas. II. Beneficial ».-Pestllence. Common s. -England, 1642. Controlled by s.-West Indians. Cowardice of s. -Mexicans. Credulity of s. -Genius. " " "-Am. Indians. Depressed by s.-Alexander. from Ignorance-Germans. Incredible s. -First Crusade. Inhumanity of s.-Sylla Inventions of s.-Ecllpee. Omens of s. -Meteor. Religious 8. -Cures. Removed-Egyptians. Ridiculous s.-Egyptians. Safety by g.-John Smith, of Scholars- Year 1653. " Soldiers-Spirits, vs. Wisdom-Julian. Miscellaneous cross-references. Right of way to the s.-Dlogene8.3415 Utilized in War-Ancients. 353 " " -Archimedes. 343 •.54,36 ♦6437 ♦6438 •5439 ♦5440 ♦5441 •5448 ♦5443 ♦5444 ♦,5445 •5446 •5447 ♦,5448 •.5440 *.54.50 ♦5451 ♦5452 ♦5453 ♦i>454 ♦5455 •54.50 •5457 •5468 •5459 ♦5460 •5161 Miscellaneous cross-references. Alarm of s. -Europeans. 6439 Ancient s.-Beglnnlng a city. 897 Animal's vision- Angel. 1250 Burden of s.-Pagan worship. 4870 Confidence by religious s. 1047 " of s.-Gordlan knot. '.581 Conviction of s.-Luther. 1 1 78 Corrected-" Black day." 1396 Credulity of s.-Augury. 2907 Cures of 8.-" Kings evil," 1379, 1380 Death by lightning. 8299 Deceived ' s.-" Sacred fawn. "1479 Degrading s.-Romans-Omens. 385 Delayed by s.-Spartans. 467 In Dreams- American Indians. 1723 Fears of Romans. 1284 Folly of 8.-" Squeaking rat." 4685 " " " -Demonlzed. 1566 Foolish s.-" Friday." 2237 of Geniuf-Signs-Johnson. 23.38 Growth of s.-Worchlp of lra'g'8.6165 of Idolatera-TmBgo broken. 693 Ignorance feeds s.-Savages. 8198 of Ignorance-Spaniards- Ang'ls.6143 Inhumanity of s -Lepers. 4418 " " -Sylla. 5463 04-i SUPPER— SYMBOLS. i! Marvel of 8. -Voice. Medical s.-Ucath of Chaa. II. Overcaiitlon aKainst 8. Overcome by fact. " " " -DtikeWm. Overthrown with PaKanUm. Periloas a. of Pafcans. Power over brutal g.-Fulk. " of s.-Joan of Arc. and Prejudice- Lepers. RellKloua s. of Persians. Remedy of s.-Am. Indians. Remedies of a.-Quackery. vs. Reverenoe-Indlans-Blble. Sailors' s.-Electrlc lights, of Sceptics-Restlessness. Sinner'a a.-Jamea II. of Soldiers- ^:nKlish. Spirit communications. Strenfctb of s.-Mohammedans. Victim to folly of a.-Salem. See CREDULITY, of Pbllo8opher8-Stran;;e o. Religious o.-Prlestcraft. of the Sick -16th century. Superstitious c. -Romans. " -Persian Magi. 3909 4171 lilt HI DS 8.309 4U3 !()« 15.59 •141H 188,5 1W8 1883 .585 1853 5083 768 5460 3803 1378 845 ♦1881 ♦1888 ♦1883 ♦1884 18a5 Excess of c.-Mohammedans. ♦3688 of Fanatics-Crusadera. 5850 Gold-seekers c.-Signs-Spldera. 5141 of Hatred-Origin of Huns. 1.588 " Superstition-Mystery. 5447 " " -Am. Indians. 5448 " " -First Crusade. .5451 -N. E. Colonies. 5453 " TImldlty-Negro plot. 4814 brings Unbelief-Miracles. 3636 Victim of o.-Cotton Mather. 1567 See BIGOTRY and FANATIC IM lOC. SIJPPBR. Cross-reference. Preparation for Antony's s. 865 See EATINO and FEAST in loc. SDPPIilANT. Abject s.-Lord Rochester. ♦5468 See PETITION in tuc. 8VPPORT. Cross-reference. Needed-Battle of Fontenoy. 69 SUPPRESSION. Miscellaneous crosa-references. Failure of s. -Religious opinlons.2554 25,56 5693 48ni of Heresy by law-England. " Indignation by Napoleon. " Resentment at robbery. See SUBJUGATION. Intolerable a. by Irish troops. Oppressive s. by Mahomet II. Resented by Bishop Mark. See CONQUEST in toe. r. 8 • 9 883 Meritorious i>.-l7th century. ♦5403 Sec PRE-EMINENCK in loc. SURGEONS. MlBcellaneous cross-references Barbers the s.-16th century. 4.56 In.senslblllty to sufferings'. 193 SCRGRRV. Bravo s.-Duke Leopold. ♦5104 Skill In s.-Dr. V. Mott. ♦5465 -See PHYSICIAN in to". SVRPRISK. M utual-Amerlcan Re vol utlon . ♦.5406 Success by s.-Col. Barton. ♦5467 Miscellaneous cross-references. Bold 8.-Paul Jones at Whifh'v'n.644 Deceiver's s.-Relica disclosed. 3840 Destruotive-St. Clair by Indians. 50 " -British privateers. 383 4042 6049 3488 4079 .3729 2771 :mo S766 394 Happy 8., Garibaldi's. " "-Lucanlan. at Marriage of Milton. Prevented by warning-Wash. Success by s.-Hannah Dustin. " " -Caesar. -Cortez. Successful s.-Tlconderoga. " " at Fort King. See A.MBUSCADE. Perils of-Braddock's defeat. SURRENDER. to Death-Boges. Demanded- Ethan Allen. Disgraceful s.-Manche&ter. Final s.-Civll War. Impossible s.-The Old Guard. Indignant s.-P. Stuyvesant. Prevented-Charter Oak. ♦5468 ♦,5469 ♦5470 ♦5471 ♦5478 ♦W73 ♦,5474 Miscellaneous cross-references. Infamous s.-lO.OOO Scots to 509 E.306 of Life, Cheerful s. 1430 " " " "-Defeat. 1494 " " -Noble s. 3820 Refusal to s., Determined-G. 1378 Unconditional s.-Ft. Donelson. 1891 See SUBMISSION. Humiliating s.-Rlchard II. ^5,381 of Soul-Penitential s, ^5388 Exacting s. -James II. 848 Humiliating s.-Emp. of Russia. 8197 Prayer of s.-Socrates. 4557 Soul's s. to God. 5388 See CONQUEST and DEFEAT in loc. SURVEYOR. Miscellaneous cross-references. Illustrious s.-Geo. Washington. 6198 Unsuccessful s.-A. Lincoln. 83 SURVIVOR. Gross-reference. Solitary soldier-English. ,59,35 SUSPENSION. Financial-Bank of England. ^5475 See BANKRUPTCY and FAILURE in tuc. SUSPICION. Above a.-Caesar's wife. ♦5476 Clamoroua s.-Free Masons. ♦,5477 of Consplracy-Constantine. ^5478 Diverted-Emperor Nero. ^5479 " -King of Portugal. ♦5480 Effect of s.-Emp. Commodua. ^,5481 Perllona a.-Emperor Nero. ♦548* Sown in war. *.5483 Weakness of a.-Dlonysiua. ♦5484 Miscellaneous croxs references. \ppeal to Alexander's s. from a Dream-Antlgonus. Exposed to B.-Philotas. Overconfldence begets a. Sectarian s. -Jesuits. Slender men-s. of Casaar. Victim of a.-" The Pretender." 6883 Sec JEALOUSY in loc. SWEARING. Admlrod-Gen. Charles Scott. ♦,5485 Reproof for s.-John Bunyan. ^5480 1048 2,523 .3741 3528 1475 863. Cross-reference. Subatltute for profane a. See OATH in loc. SWIIVIITIING. Cross-reference. Saved by s., Columbus. SWINDLER. Royal 8. -Henry VI. " " " VIIL " "-Richard I. See FRAUD in loc. 413 4545 ♦5487 ♦5488 ♦5489" SWORD. vs. Babner-Joan of Arc. ^5490 in Religion-Mahomet. ^5491 Worship of the s.-Scythlana. ♦5498 Miscellaneous cross-reference... Challenged by the s.-Cor'nation.890 Decided by s.-Gordium Knot. 1581 Government by the s.-Crom. 4904 of Mars discovered. 5876 Mightier than pen-Fred. II. 4884 Power by a., Ctesar's. 1555 " of s.-Cromwell. 3018 Title by the s. 4902 Wooden s.-Earnest hand. 1757 SWrORDS. Cross-reference. Changed into fetters. SYCOPHANCY. Miscellaneous crossreierences. Clerical a.-Dlvlne right. Commended-Johnfon. of Courtiers to James II. Influence lost by s.-Penn. See SERVILITY. Oiagraceful s.-James Bagge. 1498 3058 ;J579 3528 8841 of Flatterers-Romans. Genius for s.-James Bagge. Required by tyrant-Sapor. Shameful a.-Roman Senate. Shameless s. of husband of Z. See FLATTERY in ice. ♦5123 305 5123 2527 4373 63 SYnROLS. Miscellaneous cross-references. of Dominion denied. 3891 Far-fetched s.-Pagan. 2959 Inauguration by a. 8760 See SIGNS in too. 8. *.')481 *548iJ *M83 ♦5-I84 10-18 2583 3741 3538 1475 263. r."62«i *548& ♦548& 412 4545 *5487 *548» *548» ♦5490 *5491 ♦5498 ;Ion.89(> 1581 4904 5876 4824 1555 3618 4902 1767 1498 3052 ;J579 3528 2841 •5183 305 5123 2587 4373 63 2891 2959 2780 SYMPATHY— TEACH EHS. 8YAIPATHY. by Experlence-8, Johnson. •5493 Freaks of 8.-Napoleon I. *5491 for the Friendless-A. Lincoln. ♦5495 Mutual s.-Napoloon I. ^5490 for Poor-.\. Lincoln. ♦.M97 Religious s.-Purltans. ^5498 Uomanned by s.-ColumbuH. ♦5-199 Miscellaneous cross-rofurcnccs. Beggara arts-London. 1893 Denied offenders-Old EDf(1and.2860 Eccentricity of s.-Napoleon L 8578 Enraeed by s.-Fred. William. Female s.-Joan of Arc. " "-Lucy Hutchinson. Power of s.-Pardon. Prayerful 8.-Wlfe of Martyr T Suffering in s.-Dr. Molt. Various forms of s. for W. Scott. 92 See COMPASSION. Discreditable c. -James II. ♦lOOS Female c.-Indian ^irl. ♦1006 &S89 6104 6106 4001 679 ,5417 Appeal to o.-Slx burgesses. 4>iii9 DextUute of c.-Indian women. 8074 for Failure in life- Burns. 8087 Woman's characteristic c. 6045 See KINDNESS. Religion of li.-Rev. J.Newton.^3077 Conceals faults -Hervey. Crime of k. to criminal. Reprimand of li. -Johnson, of Savages to Columbus. Spirit of li.-Pope to Howard. See MERCY. Provision for m.-A. Lincoln. 24(in 4466 4775 86-19 145 ♦.3588 Affection without m. 3068 Despised by Jeffreys. 3068 Gratitude for sparing m. 1 19 Lack of m.-Old England. 3860 Odious m. of James II. 3997 Pleading for m. -Calais. 4639 See PITY, ■^alse p., Oppressor's. 2698 Insensible to p.-Tlmour. ViS7 Manifested-Abdallah. 8889 Moments of p.-Cruel caliph. 8773 Pleasure marred by p. 5320 Punishment forp.-Dr.Batement.540 Restrained by fear-Heretics. 8,557 after Self-protection. 1161 Unnatural to man-Johnson. 1353 Victim of hi') own p.-Goldsmith.543 Wlthheld-Suffering-Tyrant. 1357 by Romans. 1355 Woman's p. for foundling. 781 See BENEVOLENCE in loc. SYSTEin. Living by s.-Alfred the Great. ♦5500 Miscellaneous cross-references. in Benevolence-John Wesley. 549 " " -Old England. 4895 '• '• -John Howard. 3650 TACT. Lack of t.-John Adams. ♦5501 Natural t.-Henry Sidney. ♦5502 MIscelLineous cross-references. Rewanled-Caroless slave. Superstition overcome by t. •4 it t» It See SKILL (>i (w. TACTICS. CroHS-refiTLMice. VB, Success-Napiileon I, See srPv.VTEGY in toe. 32 31 33 6412 TAILORS. MI.-icellaneDUH erons-rcfercnces. Oppression of t, by man'f ct'r'r8.42U 1839 TAIiEBEARERS. Cross-ruferenco. Mischievous- Volt'lre'scrltrisin. 3002 See (iOSSlP. Serviceable for publication. ^2400 See INKOUMEKS i» loc. TALENT. witliout Character-Fred. II. ♦5,503 Discovery of t.-Napoleon I. ♦5504 Education of t.-Alexander. ^5505 Indications of t.-Mathematics.^.'i.'iOd Lack of t.-Confederate gens. ♦.5507 Overestlmated-Napoleon I. ♦5508 Untaught t. of Z. Colburn. *5509 Miscellaneous cross-references. VS. Character-Lord Byron. Developed by criticism. Mlsapplled-Ruler. Money rivals t.-Crafsus. without Success-Goldsmith. 2057 1305 4,509 4980 20.30 TALENTS. Mlsjudged-Charles XII. ♦5510 See ABILITIES andHENirS in loc. TALISmAIV. Belief in t.-W. Indians. ^5511 See CHARM. Protecting c.-Thunder and 1. ^782 "-Agnus Dei. ^783 TARDINESS. Punished with death. 5247 See DELAY in loc. TARIFF. Protection by t. -First Cong. ♦5512 TASTE. Conditioned-Climate. ♦5513 for Literature-Alexander. ^5514 TASTES. Miscellaneous cross-references. Architectural t. differ. 281 Differ-Nature-Art-Johnson. 341 Opposite t. In art-Chinese-G. 328 Overcoming t.-Young Irving. 620 Peculiarity in t.-S. Johnson. .334 See OPINIONS and SENTIMENTS in loc. TAX. on Consumptlon-Eng. Col. Enormous t.-Henry VIIL Excise t., Disturbance by. ♦5515 ♦.5516 ♦5517 Miscellaneous cross reterenccs. Educational t.-Harvard. 1825 Extortionate t.-One third. Principle represented by t. Resisted by litigation. Significant of dominion. TAXATION. Exemption from t. -Clergy. Inevitable t.- Romans. Odious t.-Stamp Act. 943 4358 4460 31.39 4910 ♦.5518 ♦,5519 ♦,5520 by Representatives-Am. Rev. ♦SJiSl Registed-Illegal t.-N. H. ♦5,582 Ruinous t. In France. ♦,5523 by Stamps-Am. Colonies. •5524 Miscellaneous cross-references. Burdensome t.-Army. 6986 Entitles suffrage-Virginia. ,5419 Right of t. unchallenged. ,5747 TAXES. Destructive t., Constautlne's. " to agriculture. Disturbances from-Frauce. Legislated, British t. Merciless to agriculture. Multlplled-RomaDb. Odious t. on "chimneys." Oppressive t.-Roman. " "-New York. Rebellion against t.-Duties. Ruinous t.-France. ♦,5525 ♦,5,526 ♦5,527 *5588 ♦,5589 ♦,5530 ♦,5o31 ♦5532 *,55i',3 ♦.5,5.31 ♦,55,35 Mit»celIaiK'inia cros:' -references. AKriculture burdened by t. 1.54 " " 155 Burdensome ecclesiastical t. 4684 Clerical t. Imposed. 946 Costly t.-Stamp Act for £60,000. 506 Exemption of parent of four o. 446 Exhausted by t.-England. 2000 Gov'rnra'nt restrained in t.-U.C 53:10 Natives exempt from t.-Itali'n8.<82 Oppressive t. of Henry VIII. 3942 Poor bear the t. of rich. 4288 Rebellion against t.-France, .3200 whiskey t. 4620 War burdens with t. 5886 See EXCISE. Laws, First English. ♦1971 Unexecuted-Robert Burns. ♦lOTS See TRIBUTE in loc. TEACHER. Punished by scholars. ♦5530 Relation of t.-Arlstotle. ♦,55:17 Responsibility of t.-Alex. 'SeSS Value of t. to Alexander. •55.39 Miscellaneous cross-references. Crime to be a Catholic t. Devoted to youth-Beeda. Honored-Aristotle. Ingenious t.~Eli Whitney. Maternal t.-Lincoln's mother. Remarkable t.-Hjpatla. Severe t.-Wrongheaded. Valuable t.-Aristotle to Alex. TEACHERS. Pay of t.-Athenlans. 2963 6150 3878 88 1789 6078 8114 1813 ♦5540 Miscellaneous cross-references. Parental t. of Mis. Adams. .3497 Tyrannical t., Martin Luther's. 1793 ■ 944 TEARS— THEATRE. V Hee SriIOOLMASTER. Itnltatod-WlUlam Cowper. ♦6037 r«. Soldler-WelUtiBton. *5038 Sec INSTRUCTION in loc. TEARS. Mlsccllancoim cniRS-rpfcroncca. of Bereavement-Dan. Webster. 501 Fictitious t. -Weeping virgin. 8680 Fountain of secret t.-Byron. a535 Power of maternal t. on Alex. 114 Uefuge of emotion in t.-Llnooln..'J57 Shameful t.-Emp. Vltelllus. 8879 See WAILING. Remedy for the sick- Aby8sin'n8.4750 See WEEPING. for Joy-Cltlzens of London. 3031 -See MOURNINO in loc. TECHNICAIilTIES. Strenuous for t.-Llncoln. ♦5541 Mlaoellancoua cross-references. Invalidating t.-Plymouth pat. 3150 " "-Jurisprudence. 3985 TBETH. Orossreferences. Coercion by drawing t. Knowledge of t. imperfect. TEIiEORAPH. Valuable to the state. 2001 a030 ♦5.->4i Miscellaneous cross-references. Cable, p. Cooper's Atlantic. 5984 Failure of t. by neglect. 2083 Invention of electric t. 4030 Scepticism overcome. 2916 TEmPER. Command of t.-Themistoolea. ♦5543 Miscellaneous cross-referencea. Aroused by bad dinner. 1592 Obstacle of t.-Jeffreys. 2906 Violer. t t.-Martin Luther. 4829 TEinPERAIIIENT. Changeful t.-Henry II. ♦5544 138 919 Miscellaneous cross references. Sanguine t. of J. Wesley. Weather affects t. See DISPOSITION in loc. TERIPER A NCE. Allies of t.-Tea and coffee. ♦5545 of Athletes-Grecian. ♦5540 Beginning in t.-Flrst org. '5547 German t. -Respected by C. ^5548 and Justlce-PhlHp. ^5549 by Legislation-Spartans. ♦5.5,50 Legislation against t.-C'ngr'ss.^565i " fort-England. ♦5558 " " "-Protect the p. ♦55.53 Mechanical t.-"Peg8 in cup." ^5554 and Politics-" Drink his s." ^5555 Possible-English prohibition. ♦5556 Practical t. of Napoleon I. ♦5557 by Prohibition-London. ♦5558 " Reaction-Examples. ^5559 " -Cyrus. ♦5560 Beformation-Pather Mathew. ♦5.561 Religious t., Mahomet's. ♦,j5«8 Standard of T.-G. Washington.^SSOS Strict t. of Mohammedans. ♦5504 Miscellaneous cri)»«-references. Commended and practised-C. in Diet-John Howard, by Legislation-England. Prolongs life-John Locke. " " -Josiah Qulncy. Religious t. of Mohammedans. See ABSTINENCE. Certainty by a.-S. Johnson. Prudential by experience. Twofold-Wine and water. 8400 1576 8951 3386 3888 6077 ♦14 ♦16 ♦17 Necessary-" One glass." 2065 Nobility in a.-Alexander. 5095 Self-conquest by a. -Mahomet. 6077 See PLEDGE. Temperance p.-FatherMath'w^48ia Infamously broken-Proctor. 8817 Sacred p.-Erabalmed b. 1408 See INTEMPERANCE in loc. TEMVVAUH. Cross-reference. Origin of t.-Monks- Jerusalem. 1625 See KNIGHTHOOD. Ceremony of K.-Chlvalry. ♦SOSe See KNIGHTS. Origin of Order of K. of St. John.817 See CHIVALRY in loc. TEmPLE. Furniture of Jewish t. ♦SSBS Cross-reference. Protected by miracle. 8621 TEMPTATION. Dlsmlssed-Martyr Hooper. ♦5566 Intentional-Samuel Johnson. ♦5567 Miscellaneous cross-references. Avolded-Groves of Daphne. 6106 Courting t.-Brlbery of Demosth.672 Depressed by t.-Bunyan. 4753 Enticement of vicious women. 8243 Eyes-t. avoided-Monks. 403 Oppressed by t.-J. Bunyan. 569 Overcome, Revenge-J. Nelson. 4033 in Sohool-life-Wllberforce. 5036 by Spy, Infamous t. 6321 Superior to t.-Virtuous Belisar's.786 TEmPTATIONS. Morbid t.-John Bunyan. ^5668 3243 Miscellaneous cross-reference. Enticement of t.-Vice. See DEVIL in he. TENANTS. Regard for t.-J. Howard. ♦5671 •80 Cross-reference. Regard for t.-John Howard. TENDERNESS. with Courage-Garibaldi. ♦5569 " Resoluteness-Cromwell. ^5570 MlBCellaneous cross-references. of Bereavement punished. 1352 Lack of t.-Mary Stuart. 6041 See SYMPATHY in loc. TERROR. vs. Ilapplness-Damooles. Reign of t.-Franoe. *557a ♦5573 Miscellaneous cross-references, of Assassins-Emp. Augustus. 3891 " Conscience-Constans. 1108 -Benj. Abbott. 1109 " " -Nero. 1110 " " -Theodorio. 1115 by Earthquake-London. 1087 Government by t.-Henry VIII. 1346 Needless t. of superstition. 3908 by Storm-London. 6345 TEST, for Office, Religious t. ♦6674 Miscellaneous cross-references Benevolence a t. of religion, of Bigotry In benevolence. " Confidence-Alexander. " Demonized damsel. " Parental affection-Maurice. Religious t. for civil office. See EXPERIMENT and TRIAL in loc. TESTIMONY. Christian t.-John Bunyan. Imaginative t.-Columbus. Trial of t.-Middle Ages. 560 528 1048 1567 1348 3841 ♦6575 ♦6576 ♦5577 Miscellaneous cross-references. In Death-Montrose. 1448 Disreputable t.-Tltus Oates. 4213 by Torture-England. 5651 See TRADITION. Worthless t.- Cromwell. ♦5667 Supreme faith In t.-Jews. 2036 See WITNESS. Abuse of w., Jeffreys'. ♦6031 False w.-DIck Talbot. ♦6032 " " -Titus Oates. ♦6033 of the Spirlt-J. Wesley. ♦6084 Discreditable w.-Trlal of B. 540 False w.. Confusion of. 2193 Murder of w. by Calllas. 2871 Shameless ingrate w.-Burton. 2850 See WITNESSING. for Christ-Early Christians. ♦6035 See EVIDENCE in loc. THANKS. Expressed-Samuel Johnson. ♦55'"8 1257 Cross-reference. Refused, Customary t.-PoIk. THANKSOIVING. Duty of t. -Neglected. ^5579 Threefold-Thales. ♦SSSO for Victory-Spanish Armada. ♦5581 Miscellaneous cross-references. Heartless t. for food. 924 Parental t.-Esoape from b'm'ng.812 Psalm of t.-Victory of Dunbar. 5881 See GRATITUDE and PRAISE in loc, THEATRE. Corrnpted-Engllsh t. *5582 Dangers of t.-S. Johnson. ♦5583 •5578 ♦5573 ecu. B. 8891 1108 . 1109 1110 1115 1087 III. 1346 3908 5346 *6674 CC9. 550 528 1048 1567 oe. 1343 3841 RIAL *6575 ♦5576 ♦5577 1448 4213 5651 ♦56C7 8036 ♦6031 ♦6033 ♦6033 ♦6034 540 2193 2871 pn. 2850 ♦6035 ♦55"8 1287 THEATHICALS— TITLE. U4{> ♦5588 ♦5683 LicentlouBness and t. Opposition to t.-Ur. Dawson. " " " piinUbed. Restored-EnR. Restoration, and Sensuality-Roman t. Vloloua t.-£DgllBh. ♦5584 ♦S.'iSS ♦5,WU ♦.'i587 •53H8 *5689 ♦5590 MlBcellaneoiia cross-rufercr.cea. Degenerated-ItellKlous origin. 43 Immoral and destrustlve-R. 1U3 Pleasure In t. 341 Political power of t. I53(i Shameful exblbltlons. 45:i3 THEATRICALS. la ChurolieH-uibllcal. *5r)!»l Condemned by Solon. ♦S.Wa Miscellaneous "roaB-referencon. Impressive rellKluus t.-Mllton. 195 Preparation for t.-Colosseum. 681 Sie FARCE. Victim of pirates' f. 11(4 See IJKA.MA inU_. 'I'HEFT. Adroit t.-Gyllppus. Cautious t.-8partans. Educated for t.-Spartans. Punishment for t. -Prince. ♦5693 *5rm *.559,5 *559() Mlscellaneoua cross-references. Accusation of t.-Mallclous. 1081 Arguments to defend t.-J. 298 Brotlierly t. of marriage agr'm't.iaa of Crown of England. 1327 no Disgrace among Scots. 1300 Ownership by unconvicted t. 2874 Punishment by "barrel." 1647 School of t.-" Devil's acre." 1293 Supposititious t. -Stoics' theory. 1294 Training In t. -London. 1291 See ROBBERS and THIEVES in loc. THEOCRACY. American t.-Jews-Purltans. *5597 THEOLOGY. DIfHcultles In t.-lnfinlte Delty.*5598 Efifects of t.-Cromwell. *5,599 Philosopher's t.-Anaxagoras. *5000 " -Plato. *.5601 " -Stoics. ♦5(i02 Ridiculous t. -Egyptian. *5603 Miscellaneous cross-reft-renccs. Character moulded by t.-C."s. 773 Imagination In t.-Onostics. .'5100 Maintained by law. 4T'-J9 Subtleties In t. vs. Person of C. 826 THEORETICAL. vs. Practical- Webster vs.Clay.*.')004 See IDEAL in lie. THEORY. Miscellaneous cruss-refurences. False t -Aristotle. C015 vs. Practice-Philosophy. 4.370 " " -Seneca. 4657 Sec IDEAL in loc. THIEVES. Protection by law-England. *500.") THIRST. Cross reference. VS. Royalty-Choice. 5952 THOVOHT. Conditioned by respiration. ♦5606 Flexll)lllty of t.-Jullan. ♦5(H)7 Food for t.-Observatlou. *:mOH Suggosted-Robert Peel. ♦5(X)9 Miscellaneous cros+ritfcrenccs. Carefulness In t.-S. Johnson. 708 Co-operative t., luvcrjtor's. 2!WT Development of t.-(Jravltatlon 2!Jyu Develops t., Invention. 2975 Growth of t. invention. 2981 Seed-thought of telegraphy. 2iW'.) Walking Qulekeii.st -Nap. I. l.')75 See I.N'TELLKiKNC'E in loc. THOUGHTS. Serious I. -8. Joliiisuii. See MEDITATION. Peculiar m. of Swedenborg. Asneth'al m. of monks. God reveu'ed In m.-(i. Fox. Life of m. -Isaac Newton. Preparation for usefulness by Religious m. -Samuel Johnson " " needful. Reveals real life. Sabbath m.-John Fitch. See MEMORY. Blunders of m.-Goldsmlth. Excellent m.-S. Johnson. Extraordinary m. -Poet Shell'y " -William III. Marvellous m.-Napoleon I. Patriotic ra.-A Lincoln. Trained m.-A. Lincoln. ♦.lOlO ♦.'iS.'iJ 3,'J7 1714 1104 ni. 81 1700 4707 1760 871 ♦a')7n ♦3571 ♦3572 ♦;K73 *3,')7.'> ♦3570 In Age-Cato. 128 of Bereavement-Wordsworth. 560 Improved m. of naraes-J'hnson.3778 of Naraes-Themlstooles. Pleasing m. of mother. Unappreclated-Themistocles. See REFLECTION. Corrected by r.-S. Johnson. Death-bed r., Wolsey's. Delicate r. -Irish. 4315 2103 2190 ♦4043 *4(;44 ♦4045 Change of feeling by r. 2IU9 Sec REFLECTIONS. Melancholy r.-Antony. *4C1G See REMEMBRANCE. Painful r. revived. 2G45 Sec REMINISCENCE. Frequent r.-A. Lincoln. *3078 See IMAGINATION and INTELLI- GENCK in loc. THOUGHTFULNESS. (.'rtiss rcrLTCiice. Youthful t.-I.-aae Newton. 0197 See TIlOrOHTS in loc. THREAT. Cross- reference. for Threat-Ethan Allen. 1967 THREATS. Governmental t.-Wolsey. ♦.'iOU Rldiculed-Napoleon I. 5612 Mlacellaneous cross-references, vs. Conclllatlon-Cajsar. 1033 Humiliating t.Tlmour's. 1143 Ill-timed t. of James II. 3855 Indignation at t.-Patrlots. 2795 Ridiculed by Alarlo. 1145 Unexecuted-Bajazet Gout. Oil THROVE. CrosM-rt'tVretice, by Brlbery-Eniperor Chas. V. 068 Magnificent golden t. -Persia. 9.VJ THUNDER. Mlscelhiruous cross-ref^Tences. Affection produced by t. ]()7 Charm for t. -"Onions, hair, p." 782 Kollglous alarm from t. 160 TIIVE. Changes by t.-S. Johnson. Detention of t. desired-Nap. Estimate of t.-Napoleon I. Investment of t.-Napoleon I. Purchase of t., Valuable. Saved-Washlngton. Systematlzed-Petronlus. *!56i;j ♦,5I!I4 *5(;i5 •5UI6 ♦5017 ♦.Mil 8 ♦5019 Miscellaneous cross-references. Changes of t.-J. Adams to Eng. 274 Haste of t. desired-Napoleon. 3818 Lo8t-73 Days In calendar. 0176 ■' by caution. 3429 Methodically used by Wesley. .3.^)97 Misspent by "Pillar Saints." 5013 Unchanged by t.-Art In Egypt. 342 Value of t.-Napoleon. 1665 Valued by Cromwell. 1800 Sec CALENDAR. Corrected by Julius Cajsar. ♦096 " " Roger Bacon. *C97 See NEW YEAR. Reflections, N. Y -Johnson TIITIKS. Unfavorable t.-lHtli century. 1396 ♦5620 Miscellaneous cross-referencea. Deteriorated-Croaking. 1315 Disparaged-Croaking. 1310 Favorable for the Advent. 78 Unpropltlous t -Van Buren's Ad. 61 See AGE in loc. TIIUIDITY. In Government-Constantine. ♦5681 See FEA R in loc. TITHES. Miscellaneous cross-rcfcrenceB. Enforced collection of t.-Eng. 808 Voluntary t. of Saxons. 884 TITLE. Authorized-Temugin. *.5ti23 Indifference to t -Napoleon I. ♦5623 Nomii'al t. -France in Am. ♦5624 Papal t.-.\frlca to Portuguese. ♦5635 Pompous t. -Romans. ♦5628 Sale of t.-James II. *56a9 Significant t.-State. ♦5630 Strange t.-Army. ♦.'5031 .Superfluous t.-Wllliam Pitt. ♦5633 by Sword-Scottish barons. ♦Ses? Terrible t.-"Scourge of God." ♦5626 Undeserved t. -Degrees. *h&Vi J46 TOAST— TKEACHEKY. nil' Mlsoelluiienuii cross-reforfiiccs. Boastful-" Lord of the seven c.":w4 Demandod by Cromwell. sjiva Kar-fetched t.-Cortez. li~(; Necessary- Washlngton-Uowe. 16H0 Only a t.-KliiK of Jerusalem. 1077 by I'roduotlon-Property. 4518 " I'ossesslon-Property. 4511) Uldloulous t-Pupal bull. 8287 by Sword of Mars-AttUa. 5370 Vanity inflated by t.-Meuecrutes.618 See HONOIIS in Inc. TOAST. t'rojsrefi'rcnce. U»bltual-"Ood bPss Gen. Wash."55 TOBACCO. Opposed by James I. *5634 Miscellaneous ciossreferencts. Knthuslasm for t.-Va. 4489 Ministers pa.d in t.-Ya. 3010 Wives for t.-Jamestown, Va. OftSO secured with t.-Va. 3452 TOIIi. , Contentment In t.-Abd'l'nym's.*50.35 Kewards of t. -Cyrus. *5030 See LABOR in Inc. TOLERANCE. Impracticable, KellKious. TO ITERATION. Apostle of t.-Roger Williams. Comraonded by Cromwell. Condemned by Puritans. Edlut of t.-Flrst In France. Forgotten by Puritans. Partiality In t. -Cromwell I'opular t. -Cromwell. Remarkable t. -Tamerlane. •5t«7 *.5e38 •5039 ♦5040 ♦5041 ♦5042 ♦5043 ♦.5044 ♦5045 Ml.icellaneous crosa-references. Defended by Cromwell. 1103 by Indifference, Kellglous t. 4099 TOItlB. of Pleasure-seeker-Sardanap. ♦5040 Cross-reference. Character expressed in t. 1905 tojubs. Empty t.-Pyramlds. ♦5047 See BURIAL m toe. TOOLS. Croas-rclVrencf. <^tO'^d t., Importance of. 1551 TORMENT. Croas-reference. dinner's t -Bunyan. 5106 See SUFFERING in loc. TORTURE. of Criminals la France. ♦5048 Punishment by t.-Boot. ♦5649 Terrible t.-Garibaldi. ♦5650 Testimony by t.-J. Howard. ♦5651 Miscellaneous cross-references. Barbarous t. by Indians. 3508 of Captives by Thurlngians. 1334 Confessions by t.-Intiulsltion. 9877 Defiant of t.-Marlyrs. 3608 8603 4506 8450 U(M8 1426 3609 4113 4171 2098 1330 1308 4133 Deserved by Titus Dates. Devices of t.-Kugllsh barons by Exucutiouers-l'arysutlH. Fortitude In t.-Am. Indians, of Martyrs l)y Nero. Arlans. Medical t.-Death of Chas. II. Overcome by religion, by Persecutors-to Irish P. of Priso.iers-Buried to neck. Prolonged t. of martyrs. Testimony by t.-Moxlcun Emp. 714 See CRUKLTY in loc. TOURISTS. Cro.sK-i.'ference. Irrepressible t. -American. 2059 TOURNAmENT. MIscollanediis cross-references, of Chivalry-Edward I. Splendid t. by Henry II. of P. TRACT. Cross-reference, Power of religious t. TRACTS. Effective religious t.-Coke. 815 88 6052 ♦5058 Cross-reference. Punishment for dls8'mlnatlngt.l842 TRADE. Contempt for t.-S. Johnson. Illicit t.-Amerlcan Colonies. Inhuman t. -Slave-trade. Laws for t.. Sumptuary. Over-reaching in t.-Egyptlans, Regulated-Fixed prices. " -Emperor Julian. " -England. Tricks of t.-England. Miscellaneous cross-references. Competition In t. -Denied. ♦5653 ♦5654 ♦5655 ♦6650 ♦5657 ♦50,58 ♦5059 ♦5060 ♦5661 3689 " ' 3692 8693 Conscience in t.-Petor Cooper. 3694 Degraded by t., Empress. 1583 Honesty in t., Laws for. 8817 Profits in t., Great-Firm _o. 3987 See MERCHANT in loc. TRADES. Cross-reference, Hereditary t.-India. 3557 See EMI'LOYMENT in loc. TRADES«lJNTON. Miscellaneous cross-references, Objection to t-u. -Caste. ♦S662 Opposition of t.-u.-Jame8Watt.^5663 Oppressive t.-u. -James Watt. ♦5664 Prohlbited-England. ♦6665 ♦5666 TRADITION. Worthless t.-Cromwell. •5667 Cross-reference. Supreme faith in t.-Jews. 8036 TRAINING. for Greatness-Alexander. ♦5668 Lack of military t. ♦6669 Lasting effect- Waiter Scott. ♦8670 by Obedience of Spartans. ♦6671 Physical t. of Romans. ♦.5672 Success without t.-Wm. P.of 0.^5673 Mlscollaneoui croMt-referenccs. for Manhood-Tbemiatooles. Military t., Importance of, Hisappiied-Qalllenus. Suocess without special t. of Voice by Demosthenes. Bee DISCII'LINK in loo. 680 1081 1880 180 5863 TRAITOR. Polltloal t.-Mr. Huske. *6e74 Punished by mother. ♦607S Shameless t.-Sunderland, ♦5676 Miscellaneous cross-references. Indignation toward t.-Am. I{ev.379S Infamy of t.-Name changed, 3764 for Revenge-Corlolanus. 0101 See TREACHERY in loc. TRAMPS. Philosophic t.-Cynlcg. ♦5677 See IDLENESS in loc. TRANCE. Continnous-Swedenborg. ♦6678 TRANCES. Punished for t.-Eliz. Barton. ♦5679 TRANSFORMATION. Cross-reference. of Society-"Fountalnof Youth."2ia TRAVEL. Benefits of t. -Crusaders. Dangers of t.~8wedenborg. Difficulties of t.-England. Effects of t. -Emulation. Expedlted-Romans. " -Stage-ooaoh. Indifference to t.-Antoninus. Objects in t.-to see Men. Slow t.-Stage-coach. Suppression of t.-Coaches. ♦5680 ♦,5681 ♦5682 ♦5683 ♦5084 ♦6085 ♦5080 ♦5087 ♦5688 ♦5689 Miscellaneous cross-references. Benefits of t.-Luther to Rome. 51 Difficulties in t.-Old England. 4921 Health by t.-Wash. Irving, 2581 Heedlessness in t. -Goldsmith, 2540 Honors by t,-Anglo-Saxon. 720 Impeded by bad roads. 982 Need of t. for education. 240 in Old Age-J. Wesley. 138 Outfit for t., Improvident. 2476 Pleasure of t.-Good inns. 8876 by Water-Uncivilized mode, 988 in Wilderness-Washington. 70 See JOURNEY in loc. TREACHERY. Base t.-Phillp VI. *6690 Consummate t.-Charles II. *5691 Gold for t.-Benedict Arnold. ♦5692 Message of t. -Emp. Alexander.^5ti93 MlscellaneouB cross-referencei. Conquest by t.-Sextus over G. 42 in Court-Criminal. 5833 Diplomatic t. -English. Ii52 ^K TREASON— TRUTH. 947 •6670 ♦6671 ♦5072 0.*5«T3 685 1081 1890 180 6868 ♦8674 ♦6675 ♦6676 ♦5677 ♦5678 ♦5680 ♦5681 ♦5688 ♦5683 ♦5684 ♦5685 ♦5686 ♦5687 ♦5688 ♦3689 51 40^1 2581 2646 720 983 240 138 2476 2876 988 76 ♦5690 ♦5691 ♦5692 )r.^5693 43 5833 i:52 Di8ffui8ed-Ctusar'H uMasslns. -Frlondshlp. of Friend-Brutua V8. Ciesur. " " -Francis Bacon. Friendships t.-DIck Talbot. IiifamoUH t.-Am. Revolution. "-Pauganlas. Ini;rate'8 t.-Biiiton. MaHsacre by t. Niitiunal t. -England to France, Office by t.-Eteocles. Offluliil t. to Columbus. Proof against t.-Belliarlus. -Patriot. Proposal of t. rebuked. Proverbial- ' Word of a king." Shameful t.-Agathocle». Thwarted by exposure, r uplre's t. -Edward I Sse AI'OSTASY. Open 11. of Komanu.s. Primitive a. by persecution. 1478 8243 2852 2857 3202 11 :W 3724 2H50 3520 . U8(! 3884 8900 2138 4068 4075 2041 1538 3518 6740 ♦261 *252 1930 4116 2T74 a.920 1471 3177 13.-)9 ♦253 Miscellaneous cross-references. Atrocious crime of t. * Pretext for extortion, by Resentment-BourboL. " " -C. Marcius. Tarnished by t.-B. Arnold. See DISLOYALTY in loc. TREASURE. Hope a t.-Alexander. Discreditable a.-Protestant. Encouraged by law-Maryland. Explalned-Inconslstency. Reaction of forced converts to Required of officer. Sec APOSTATK. Honored unwisely, saameful a. -Justus. See AI'OSTATKS. Forgiven by primitive C. Malice of a.-Knlghts Templars. 1939 -Julian's. 2549 See BETRAYAL. Unintentional b.-Mlsslonary. a381 TREASON. Cry of t.-Patrlok Henry. Defliied-England. Incipient t.-War ox 1812. Punishment of t.-Roman8. Retri'outlon of t.-Romans. ♦5694 ♦5695 ♦5696 ♦5697 ♦5698 4576 20O7 4109 6101 2569 ♦3699 TREASURER. Croas-referciice. Complaints rebuked-Arlstldes. 4374 TREASURES. MUcellaneous cross-references. Affectlon's-Mement'esof m'th'r.lll Children the poor man's t. 119 Enduring t. In fine arts-Nap. 349 TREATS. Miscellaneous cross-references. Election t. -Costly-England. 1839 ?xacted-EngU8h prisons. 5804 Prisoner's t.-Bridewell. 1302 Temptation In t.-Bullders. 2933 TREATY. an Observed t -Wm. P. and I. ^5700 CroM-referenee. Obsourlty desired In t.-Nap. 8860 TREE. Dellvering-Lou4H VII. ^5701 C'rossre(eron«e. Famous t.-t'harter-oak. 1882 See KUKK.ST. Attractions of the f.-S. Houaton.905 Charm of the f.-ilome. 3288 Life lu the f. -Audubon. 3106 Protection of f.-Manufacturers.2165 TRESPASS. I'rossri'fi'rencc. Revenge for t., Severe. 3057 See UKFENfE in loc. TRIAL. Abandoned -S.-Afrlcanus. *.')702 by Combat- Assize of J'r'8'lem.*5;o;j Fellowship in t.-Napoleon. ♦.•jr07 Improvement under-Llnooln. *370H by Ordeal-Flre. ♦r>704 Right of t. disregarded. ♦5705 Severe t.-John Bunyan. ♦5700 Miscellaneous cross-references. of Affection-Bereavement. 4811 Attorney, Accused his own. 3203 by Combat-Gauls. 3051 of the Dead for heresy-IIunne. tu-i Defence unheard Int. .'K)T1 -Unpopular-Attorney. ;W(il Equity In t.-Arlstldes. .m'iS Explained-" Win his spurs." 1560 Faith tested by t.-MUller. 20;i7 Hastened -Injustice. .3051 Impartiality In t.-Alexander. 3064 InJustlce-Trlal of Bateman. 540 Mockery of t.-Cranmer. 3065 " "-Nlclas. »)70 " " "-William Penn. 'Mii Outrageous t.-Rumbold. 1246 Protracted t. for 20s.-H'mpden 3139 [ Sham t.-Fr. Rev. tribunal. .'>r39 t Unjust t.-Inqulsltors. 2877 i See COURT and TEST in lot-. TRIALS. Miscellaneous eross-refereiici's. of Chlldhood-Cowper p'rs'cuted.796 Inventor's t.-John Fitch. 2990 Manhood evinced by t. 3410 Omitted, HastUy-Sylla. 3820 Three remarkable t.-Wm. Hone.3203 See ADVERSITY and HARDSIIirs in loc. TRIBUTE. of Frlendshlp-Melanchthon's. Scorned-U. S. to France. Shameful t. to pirates. In Women-Tartars. TRICKS. Cross reference. In Trade-England. 6661 See IMI'OSTOU ill loc TRIFLES. Effect oft. Battle ♦5718 Power of t.-Soclal life. ♦S'le Miscellaneous cross-referencel. Contentment with t. -Men. 1160 Contests from t.-Htamp Act. 608 -Roman Rev. 607 Discussion of t.. Useless. 1800 Importance of seeming t. l.^Ol Magnified In government. 24.19 Preserved by t. -Spider's web. 2377 TRiraiTIER. Political t.- Halifax. ♦5717 SeeCONSEKVATl.sM in loc. I TRIUITIPH. Fleeting t.-Napoleon. Honors of t.-Pompey. ♦5709 ♦5710 ♦5711 ♦5712 ♦.')718 •5719 Miscellaneous cross-references. over Death-Wolfe. *145« Joyful t. -Washington's J'urney. 2099 Joys of t. unappreciated Niip 272 Procession of t.-Uellsarlus. 3292 See COXCJl'EST anil VICTORY in loc. TKOPIIV. Cross- refLTence. i Valueless-Santa Anna's wooden 1.68 TRUCE. the Holy t.-Mohanimedan. ♦5720 Cross-references. In Children of Tartars to Huns. 813 Welcome to t.-" Ditch." 4444 in Women-Chinese t. to Huns. 5712 Sec TAX in loc. TRICK. Mlscarrled-Persian t. ♦3713 Cross-reference. Oratorical t. of Edmund Burke. 49 Cross-reference. I of God In France. 4099 TRUST. I Miscellaneous cross-references. ! In Provldence-Wm. P. of O. 4.5.')8 " -A. Lincoln. 4.'>59 ; See FAITH in loc. \ TRUTH. i Boldne.s8 In t.-J. Howard. ^5721 i vs. Falsehood-S. Johnson. ♦5722 " Flotlon-James II. ♦5728 I Honored-Frederick II. ^5724 I Liberty by the t.-Luther. ♦5725 Moral t. from within. ♦5729 Outraged by Inquisition. ♦5727 ' Perilous t.-Romans. ^5728 Perversion of t.-Habit. ^5729 Power of t.-Speculative. ♦5730 Vitality of t.-Politloal. ♦573! Miscellaneous crose-references. Antagonism of t. 4827 Carelessness-Falsehood. 2043 Conquests of t. by agitation. 146 Conscience for t.-Authorshlp. 1249 Demanded in sickness. 1429 Fidelity to t.-Eng. martyrs. 1238 Figurative t.-Luther'.i son. 2548 vs. Patriotism-Scots. 4076 Power of t.-Clarkson. 4652 Sacrifice for the t.-Pather. 1348 Self-devotion to the t. 1246 Standards vary. 1126 n If 048 HI riot reKiiril for t. 8873 Hucutmnfiil in uonfilot. il.in Supports Itself without oratory. HIKM WeakvDod by JtiHtliit;. 8000 Set- VKIIACITV. Qufl8tlon«(l-FulHt) InfurorK!!'. .'11»17 Hoputatlou for v. Jauiei 11. iri).") THl/rilS. Preparatory t. liivoiitloim. *578a Uniertaln t.-Soplilsln ♦5738 TVinOR. (.'roH-i-rcfiTiMicc. Baored t.-Mahom«t'H. 1378 TYRANIVV. Cruelty of t.-XorxeH. *r>7ai Kocleslastlcal I. Catholic. *r)738 Ktnhlem of t. Bastllu. ♦573U In.turi-tiutlon aKaliist t.-P. ♦.')787 LeKlsltttlve t. -I.on(? Paririn'rit.*57;W of Uborty-Kronuh Rovolutlou.^.WSO " -Hev. Tribunal. *r)7IO Parental t.-Frederlok Win. I. *6711 Kecompense for t.-Franco. *574a Self-destruutlve t.-Romans. *5748 Shameful t.-8panlards. *5744 Terrible t.-Glldo. *5745 MiscellaneniiB cross-references. In Amusement-Spaniards. r)744 of Caste, Social t. ;U9l Displaced by t.-Vlrglnla. am Bcclesiastloal t.-Exc'mm'nlc'n. 4944 Exasperated by t.-Siclllans. i;mo in Ezcommi 1 1 cation. 4944 Household t. uf elder brother, 23:11 038 LeRl.slatlve t.-B. Parliament. 3154 Non-resistance to t. 8824 Oppression of t. -Hope-Crime. 3234 Reaction aKaliist t.-Ruflnus. 427 Resented-New En«. Colonies. 990 vrapiRE. DauKerous-Bdward I. •5746 riVAIVIITIITY. In WronK-doiu);-Am. Colonies. ^5747 MisceilarieoTis cross-refL'rencea. Evidence of collusion. 1282 Political u. -Wash. -Every vote. 1840 See AGREEMKNT in luc. VNBEIilKF. by Intercourse-Christians. " Perll-Relgn of James II. Primitive u.-Christlan. Vicious u. -Samuel Johnson. ♦5749 ♦5750 ♦5751 •5748 Miscellaneous crosa-roferences. VS. Faith-Contrasted. 2229 " Fanaticism. 2083 See IXCREDULITT. of Prlends-Mahomet's family. 6201 Popular 1. -Robert Fulton. 2300 See DOUBT and INFIDELITY ill toe. VNBEIilKVERS. Croas-reference. Silenced by success. 230G See INFIDELM'Y inloc. TltUTHH-VALUES. DNCLK. Cruelty of u. Richard lit. 8742 VNPOHTITNATB (Thk). CruMM rrlVrrni-e. IlanlRhm(!nt fur the u. 9218 (JNION. by Interooursu, clirlsllan u. ♦5749 " Peril, National i). ♦5750 Primitive ChrlHilaii u. *!>7t)\ 297 2227 3191 114C 3.525 2144 Mlscnllaneoiil cross-rcrereiices In liattle-Rllnd Johii-Crccy. " -Locked Bhl.O.lH. by Commonwealih of nations. DanKerouH u.-Vlrc. or Death -AlnerU'iin Colonies. in Distress \Vorslil|). with Diversity-Di'd'tlan and M. 2402 Eiicourasement by ii.-I'ilKrlnis.li>27 False u. with wife. 3431 Federal u.-()rl({in of Am. 32311 Imperfect of U.-13 States. 1987 Incongruous u. -Marriage. 3490 by lnleror)urso r. States. 5888 of Love "Two souls one body. "3339 National u. diffleult-Irlsh and B 727 Necessary u. of patriots. 2510 by Oppression of rulers. 322U Peril brlnfts u. -Invasion. 4000 Promoted by assemblies. 2278 Unite or flKht-EnR. vs. Holland. 979 See COM.MrMON. with God-OIIver Cromwell. *995 by Llkeness-Jdhn Milton. ^990 Unity by c. Oliver Cromwell. ^997 See AOKEEMKNT. ALLIANCE and IlKOTIIEKHOOD in lor. UNITY. Mlacolliineiin:* cniss-referencea. by Assoeiiition-Kox-Cromweli. .5749 " Intercourse- Europe. 1302 -United States. 2957 National-Founders of Rome. 3785 See ALLIANCE in loc. VNRVLINESS. Childish u.-Fredeiick II. •5752 See INDEPENDENCE inloc. lINSEIiFISHNESS. ('rcisa-refiTi'Mce. Heroic u. -Wounded Nelson. 25»18 See (iENEUOSlTY inloc. f) IV WORTH I NESS. Oppressed by sense of u.-B. ^5753 ('roK.sreferencc. Sense of sinner's u. VSACiE. not Law-Ecclesiasllcal. See CUSTOM in toe. USE. or Abuse of money. USEFULNESS. Survival of u. -Monks. 1088 ♦.57.54 ♦6755 ♦5750 Cross-reference. Rewarded by dinner. 2393 See EMPLOYMENT and SERVICES in loc. UNIfRPATION. <'rii»i( relercnco. VS. Usurpatiriu-Cromwell. 1308 USURY. Inevitable-Rome. •S'B? Law of u. -Romans. *B7S8 " " "-l-ueullu«. •S750 Laws against u. in England. *370O UTILITY. vs. Beauty-W. Scott. ♦5701 CroHH- reference. Value by u.-llag vs. I'earls. 2728 See USE in Inc. VACATION. Cnms- reference. Prolonged v. reHcnltMi U. II. in (J. 9 See HECHE ATIDN in loc. VACOIIVATION. Discovery of v.- Jenner. •.^"Oa VACILLATION. dross-reference. Political v.-"Bol)bing John." 75!) See INDECISION, of Timidity-Conspirators. •2778 in Wrong-doing-James II. •2779 See FICKLENE.SS. of Affection-Countess of C. 109 -D. Crockett. 34;W Characterlstlo f.-Queen C. 3928 Lover's f.-Robert Burns. 3354 VAGABOND. Cross-reference. False aonusation-C. Wesley. 702 See IJEOOAR in loc. VAGRANTS. Imposition of v. -England. ♦576.^ Miscellaneous cross-references. Branded-English beggars. 503 I^rofesslonal v. In Bavaria. 503 See BEGOAR in toe. VALOR. Military v.-Derar the Saracen. ♦5704 Mutual v.-Ancient Germans. ♦5705 Proof of v.-Tlconderoga. ♦5700 Spur to V. -Reputation. ♦5707 Wonderful v.-Constantlne. ^5708 Miscellaneous croaa-referencea. Badge of v.-Wounds. It 14 II (I Banner rescued by v. at Cadiz. Discretion better than v -C. V. See COURAfiE i» loo. VALUE. Change In v. -New York. " " " "-T. purple. 0172 0171 0.-)I ll«T •5V09 ♦5770 Miscellaneous cross-references. Depreciated v. -Clipped coin. 964 Fictitious v.-Mlssissippi Bch'me.5286 by Scarcity-Iron. 2999 VALUES. Conventlonal-Wes-t Indians. .5771 See WORTH. Moral w. -Louis IX. Eminence by w -H. Wilson. Work brings w.-Oxen. ♦017O 1868 6154 ras T5» TOa 5oa VANDAIilSim. Ml«cclluin'ou.>* rroHfl-ri'fercucc'B. of Bef{t{ar8'KiiKlitU(l. (M)3 •Clerloal v. (if Theodoslus. 508 OepruTHtl V. of Nero. 3ii9 Fanatical v. of Puritans. 330 VANITY. KxcesHlvu v.-Ulouletlau. *577S Folly of v.-Madman. *5773 FoollBb v.-KerKU8()ii. *W7J with Oreiitntins t^ueen KHz. '5775 Uobukud-" KIrie Coat." ♦S770 " -UolilHiiilth'H V. ♦;j777 " -ArtuxerxcH' v. ♦.'iTTM " -MeiiDcrates' v. *577!( KIdlculoUH v.-.Monumentul. *r)7H0 Victim of V. -Alexander. '5781 MIfoellaiioous cronn-rcfcrcnccs. of Ambltlou-(}raiit-Alfonso. S881 Architectural v.-Pyramlds. ■j:tt),'> 5047 In Denivolence-Johnson. Siil CU •. leal V. In erectlni? St. Sophla.KMi Covered with rates. 5077 of Earthly possession. a.S70 Flatterod-Charles I. by Finch. 00 Hindrance of v.-John Adams. ;W1M UomaKO to v. of Greek emperors.. v.* " ■' " " Diocletian. ao of Honors-queen Mary. 2019 " Lifc-Captlye klnK. Saod In nid AKe-C'onstantlne. !>77'i -Queen Elizabeth. 5775 Perilous V. -Emperor Julian. ■307K of Populariiy-i;romwoll. 43«'l Prevents succcss-Tlmotheus. SS13 Rebuked-Bucklnftham's. SWH " -Demaratus. 3903 Sensitive v.-Voltatre's. 2155 "Victimized by Pompey. 5 See BOMBAST. Rebuked-" Jupiter " M. *618 Ridiculous b. of James 11. *C19 See CONCEIT, EGOTISM and TRIDE in he. VASSAIiAGE. Humiliating v. of Charles II. ♦5782 See .SLAVERY in loc. VEGETARIAN. Trials of v.-Ultson. ♦5783 .Miscellaneous cross-references. Health sought by v.-Howard. 1576 Successful v.-B. Franklin. 3095 VEGETARIANS. Miscc'Muneoiis cross-references. by Necessity-English. 2181 Religious v.-Au8tere PrisclU'lsts 401 " -Persians. 1001 VENGEINCE. Cry for v.-Mary Stuart. ♦5784 " " "-Murderers. -,5785 Demanded-Sextus. ♦5780 Diabolical v. -J. W. Booth. ^5787 Foolish v.-James II. ♦.5788 of God, Appeal to the v. ^5789 Maternal v. of Hannah Dustln.^5790 Merciless v. of James II. ♦5791 VANI)AL18M-VICE8. Monument for v.- Athenian*. •870iJ Passionate v. -Berkeley. •5798 for Vengeance " UoHes." *57(M MI«cell»neoii« urcjunreftreiiCiK. on Adulterer-Pope John Xll. 00 Appeal to v. Cwsar's robe. 1975 or Atoneniout-Am. Indian. 4818 Contemptible v. of James I. ;«W8 Cruel V. of Parysuils. ooiM Eagerness for v. on Ciesar's ni. ;17-J Exquisite cruel v. -Basil. i;il2 Ferocious fenuile v. Hind. WM of (;overninent on rebds. 4t):K) Husband's v. on seducer. .W3 Personal v. Havage Ualllenus. 1370 Posthunious V. on .i (iorpse. 'jrm •'••otext for V Mary Stuart. 007.1 r Rape, Oath of V. 57m« Remembrance of v. Darius. 290| Hacrlflco to v.-Htruffordchas.i. kW Swift V. for Insult to betrothed. '^M) Terrible v. on eiiemles-SliMly. i;!IO " "-Tlmour-Bagdad. 1.107 " " " -Siwas. i:\i\H by Triiacliory to country. oioi I'lireasoning popular v.-G. -p. p. 19 15 S,.o IIETALIATION and HEVE.\i;K ill t'IC. did *57i)5 rides B. 575'.' 3175 3470 3234 913 VENTURE. Ini^truetlve -Flunks. s™ HASIIXKSS. Apparent r.-Young Alex. Childish r.-Frederick II. in Generalship -Hood. " Love for woman. Perilous r.-Boethius. Provoked to r.-Valens. See RECKLESSNESS. of Desperation-Napoleon-Lodl. 048 Example of r.-Napoloon. 017 of Necesslty-WlUlam II. 049 See CHANCE, DANGER and OAMHLIN(! in loc. VERACITV. (.'rohs-ri'ferfticts. Questloncd-False Inference. Reputation for v.-James II. Sec PER.IURV. Punishment of p., Judicial. 3917 4795 ♦4112 Punished with death. 5219 Shameful p.-" Dick " Talbot. 6033 See FALSEHO(Jl) and TRUTH in Inc. VERDICT. Welcome v., Delamere's. See SENTENCE. Suspended fifteen years. See PENALTY. Excessive p. -Death. Partisan p. -Devonshire. Death p. for all-French Rev. Excessive p.-Debt-England. VERiniN. Cross-reference. in Beard-" Populous "-Julian. VESPERS. Cross-reference. Bloody v.-Malden Insulted-S. ♦5796 1139 ♦4101 ♦4102 5730 4351 2501 VETO. Power of v.-Komans. VICE. * 'oiK^eaied-Bact^haniiliuns. I>lsi|uallfled for v. -English. Patron of v. Henry III. PlfUHure in v. -Epicureans, by Keactlon from Puritanism. Schools of v. Driuking-places Prisons. •57»7 ♦57HH ♦.5701) ♦.VfOO ♦880 1 ♦5802 ♦.5803 ♦5804 29 MI»cell;iiiec]U» crons-referciieed. .Miiindoned to v. Army. HOB AtiM'nce of visible v. 3711 Advitntago of V. Corniption. 2131 In Age-Antonina. 1919 Attni(!tlon of v. Mary Stuart. 1 171 Bondage to v. James II. OOHl Concealed by vl<^c. 20'.l9 (dncentralldii of v. London. 1*99 Conversion from v. .Ministry. '•!.').'i7 Covered by baptism. 4724 Desperation by v. -Catiline. 1110 De.structlve-Curacalla and (;eta.2:)9 of life. 4917 Deteriorates character. 3112 Disadvantage of v.-(.'olonlsts. 2435 Etulangors the State. 1 1 10 Exposure of v. of M. P. by Croni.410 Eanilly destroyed by v. 4373 I'Viirof v Nuns. 1160 (iilded by gentility. 13349 ] (Jovernment sustained by v. 2109 [ (Jreatness l)lemishcd by V. 2181 I In High life-Napoleon. 3213 I " " " -Ponjpadour. 8247 I " " " -Dagobert. 3248 -England. 10,39 1 Honored by v.-Emp. Carlnus. 2629 I " " "-Nero. 4325 in Aspasla. . 1856 Led Into v. -Howard's son. 878 Levels caste-Gamblers. 2207 Life abandoned to v. -Carlnus. 1701 Overlooked by woman. 3712 " Maria Theresa. 4849 shamefully. 3177 Poverty by v.-Eiigland. 4300 Private v. vs. Public virtue 1347 Progression in v.-Commodus. 1.S54 the Itellgion of Pagans. 3974 Restraints of v.-Legislatlon. 2275 Reward of v. -Death. 1292 " " " -Infamous disease. -378 Shameless v. of nobility. 65 State endangered by v.-C. 6193 Undermines civil liberty. 8228 Vice opposing v. 3008 Views of v.. Conduct like. 5748 VICES. Dl.shonored for v.-Elagabalus.^58»5 Victim of v.-Chas. J. Fox. ♦5806 Miacellaneou.s cross-references. Abandoned because of v. 3563 Aggregation of v.-London. 768 Beueflctal to the public. 4476 Combination of v. -Cleopatra. 6065 Condoned by generosity-S. 8048 Destroy life. 4017 950 Kiichflwed by (leii. Im), Hmall v.6Wi KxpoHcil M Icrriico. KxuoMM tn bnrotu Cbarle* XII. ImuKlnury ▼. of anoe«i(irii. Mixed wttb vluuN-Alttxandur. »»a CIlAhTlTV. and Civilization Oppoiitid. Invincible u.-K.Oen.HelUarlua. Hare-Koman malduu*. WO liVM 1078 •7M« •TH7 by Coerolon-Mutllda. CMVi iKnored by HpHrtanH-Kuln. 6187 Hte COUIlAdK, FIIiKI.ITY, M(t UAMTY ..n.l TKMl'KKANCK iti /or. VISION. Fuiiolful v.-I'lmniom tity. '.W.') Horrible v.-Marcnm BrutiiM. *ftm(l Hplrtiual V -Swcdenborif. •r>M47 of War-Hannibal. *nH4H Mlnci'llitnooim cronB.nfiTPiiiH'n. Au'plclouN V.-" Holy I^iioo." Child's ▼. of future-< Tom well, of Conqueror Holy man. " tbe CroDH by ConHlaiitlne. Delusive optical v.-CanurleH. Falth'a v. of tbe cross". Fanatic's v.-" PIoukU the e." of Genlus-ColiimbuH. " Uod-Amorluan Indians. IlluMlve v.'Ulalse I'lisual. by IinaRlnatlon-J. Uunyan. Instructed by v.-Constaiitlne. of Invisible KUtde-Cnsfntlne's Prompted by v. -P. Cooper's f. Remarkable v. vorltlcd-S. of Halnts-Joan of Arc. Startling v. -Poet Shelley. II ti II 11 Timely v. of Muhomet. of Wealth, Deceptive. Woman transformed In v. VISIONS. Bffective-Joan of Arc. Fiotitlous-Amiirath. Seu AIM'AKITION. Belief In a.-Samuel Johnson. False a.-" Three kniKbts " Fancied a. of Theseus. of the Dead-H. Miller. Startling a.-" Evil jrenlus." See GHOST. Improvised K'-Ooldsmitb. Apparent g.-Itev. Tunnell. See GHOSTS. Belief in r. -Samuel Johnson. Fear of g., Siamese. See TRANCE. Contlnuous-SwedenborK. See TRANCES. Punished for t.-Eliz. Barton. •5860 ♦258 ♦aw ♦^65 9C9 U'M asos ♦8354 ♦2.356 ♦5678 ♦5fi70 See DREAMS and SPIRITS in lot: VISITOR. Welcome-Lafayette. ♦esei VISITORS. Cross-reference. Irrepressible v.- Tourist s. 2059 ■IWIT a47» 18*) 15t>l 1173 1(M« 8.11J 8711 «;;« 5110 •M\)i ■1407 015 aiH-i 8730 8738 056 5985 0100 VOKK. Powerful V. tiKimrul Knox. ♦5HVJ TraliiInK of v Dumoithitnri. ♦.%N.VI Wiill-pronerved v .1. Wosliiy, •Bs.M 1)05 5I','.) auos 1I7H 5;:i() 574(1 «:■.' 1W>I :iii(H) ;iKi6 5:100 II MiM'i'MitiKout croM-n'rvruiiCFii of »oul. Inner v. Ilcnjarolii Abbott. " "- Ulndalni'd. " " Luther's. " " McHNuKc by (|uiikcni. " " UuIh of- Kcix LciMt by bribery Di'iiiontheiKS. Mysterious v. Culunilius. " In wall. " " to KoniiiiiM. obedience to the Inner v. Within, Tbr»». 1347 *' " '* 8819 WAUES. Advanced In EiiKlaml. *5809 Exorbitant w., So called. ♦.5870 I.eKal w. EnKland. ♦5871 by I'opularlty-Charloteei s. ♦6878 Small w. I5ih century. ♦6873 " "England. ♦5874 " -I3lh century. ♦5875 MlitcelluneonH eroiin references. A."tlHan's w. In K"; 'and, yr. H180 359 Clerical w , Low. 984 Compulsory w. of laborers. 8111 of Dishonor-" You eat me." 8350 In Drlnk-EnKllsh farmer. 8966 Fixed by law-Enijland. 3118 Increase of w. opposed. 3180 Small w.-18th century. 3119 " "-13th century. 8544 See FEE. Extortionate f. of jallers-P. ♦2186 See REWARD in lot: WAITING. l.'roHft-rcference. Weariness in w.- Etiquette. 102S See DELAY in tua. W^ALKING. Benefit of w. -Alexaniler. ♦5878 See PEDESTRIAN m loc. WALL. Cross-reference. Stupendous Chinese w. 205 WANDERING. ( 'ross-referei'Ces. Life of w. -Tartars. 3894 Lost by w.-Laliyrlnth. 6061 See EXILE iin.l FUGITI /E in loc. WANTS. Fewness of w- Diogenes. ♦5877 Cross-reference. Few w.-Dlogenes to Alex. IIBI See POOR and POVERTY in loc. WAR. Ancestor's love for w.~En(?. *B878 by Avarice-East Indian. ♦5879 U T 1 ! i i D6:i Arenlun to w.-(lnn. (Irant. •VWO liriclnnliiK of w. Am. Ituv. *nNNi ttlllKltlrllkl (iX'lllkrnrllT. *tiHltt lilds-tiiiifn of w. rr<>Kru«H. •Shm.i Urutallty In w. IMIIiue. *:>w. H. Knjf. *.V.KW Kimmles In w.-UiiiiKtir. •WMW Kanilno by w. -IiniocM^nt. *.')1K)| KaiMouH III w. Win. of N. *:M):> Kiiillo w. KiiKlimd ami Spain ♦.")'.kmi " -.Seven yearH. ♦.V.ioT Glory In w.-Am. Indiana. ♦VJdH VM. (loHpol-MaHitaubUNottH. 'Wkmi for Uonor-TroJan \V. •SDH) Iiu!apaclty for w.-I.oiidoun. *.V.)li Inhunmnlty In w.-Koraau.s. .v.iia Injury by ( Ivll w. •MM'! IiiMtlnt't for w.-Nap(deon. *.V.iU Love of w.-Lord Nelson. *:i{H!> -Franks. •.'iiiKI -The Alanl. *m\7 Miseries of w.-Kebolllon. *M)\H ' -Desolation. *.V,)1!I Monument of w. -Skulls. ♦.W20 Murderous w.-Towtun. ♦5!);!1 I'lirtlsan w.-Ciesar and I*. *M>'£i fatrloilsm In w., Defensive, ♦.'iiwa ' -Am. Uev. Kmi Piety In w.-Joan of Arc. ♦.'iO'J,') Politicians In w -Romans. '.V.tie Prayed for, Miseries of w. *.")!»'.7 Propensity for w.-Am. Ind. ♦.">!)','8 Romance In w -.30 Years. ♦.'iikJO of the Uoses-England. *.')il30 Solitary survivorn of w. ♦5935 for Spoils-Athenians. ♦.5931 .Study of w. , Honorable. ♦5933 Sufferers by w., The Innocent. ♦59.33 Supplies In w.-2d Trusade. ♦.'5934 Terrors of clvU-WclllnKton. ♦59.36 Toleration in-Mohammedans. ♦5987 Trained for w.-Franks. ♦.')9,38 Trophies of w., Ghostly. ♦5930 Uncertainties of w.-Uebelllon.^5940 " "-Am. Rev. ♦.5941 rnhlndered, Klnj? Philip's. ♦.V.)48 Waste of w.-Devastatlon. ♦.5943 Wealth by w.- Peter Cooper. *5944 Wounds ir w.-Phllip. ^5945 \VAItK\UK-\VATEU. Authority n«c«it*ary In w. 40A 411 Avarto)) nauRuii w. Kant India. nHTU liMKliinlnK* III w. Groat cannon. T(>7 liootlHM w. with KiiM^lanii. ll.VI liurdens of w. Fruii. Miu Great. ITlin CauNu of w., InslKnllleant. iHlon " " " Uemo'e Mt»Grecn.3ll.1 -Cotton-Kin. aUMM chlralry In w. HID •' " HIH Civil War HolHreRardod Gen. liraddock. *.5«> Hci. CAI'TKlN. N«e4ed-Abrahum Lincoln. ♦73H KxccHslve e. Military science. fl,5.i Necessary e. Abraham Lincoln. 1046 Needless Macedonian soldiers, tni Rejected liraddock's defeat. 07 Removed by compiisN. iMiiO WAHN. Oooaston of w. RellKlon and C.^no49 Nw IIAITLK-CUY. of Crusaders "(iod wills it." 8385 •' I'urltuns " God Is with us." 464 Si.' IIATTI.KI'IKI.II. Fruitful b.lllood fattened. ♦4H8 Sw. ll.VI'TLKS. Decisive b.-Flfteen. ^489 S.f AKMV, IIATTLK, lIKROISM, .MASSACKK mill WEAPO.NS In Inc. WATrHFt;LIVKS8. Safety by w.-IimIIhiis. ♦59.50 CrosK-ri'fi'ronce. Need of w. -Columbus. •,5308 Sco VIOII.A.NCE. Needful for liberty. 38.37 UTATOHinAN. Mlstakon-Am. Revolution. ^5051 Moo I'OI.K'E. Inef&olont Enftllsh p. ♦4888 Use of p,-Wm. P. of Orange. ♦4889 Opposition to p.-England. 1130 OrlKlnal p. EnRland. 1301 See I)ETE(;TlVEin loc. U^ATCH-WOUDS. CJroiw-referenco. Contrast In-Purltan cavalier. S818 See UATTLE-flKY. of Crusaders-" God wills it. " 8388 " Puritans-" God Is with ns." 404 WATER. Need of w.-Klnjtdom for. ♦59.58 Overflow of w.-Alban Lake. ♦5958 Miscellaneous cross-references. Emblem of dominion-Persians. 1711 Introduction of w.-Plymouth. 5051 Luxury in w.-Roman baths. 469 See AQUEDUCTS. Benefits of a. -Rome. 459 460 Introduction of a. -Plymouth. 5051 See BATH. Health restored by- Napoleon. 8.558 Involuntary-Prison b. 1:185 Llcentlous-Sexes-Spartan. 0137 Perilous b. of Alexander. 1048 " "-Young Arnold. 8182 Renewlng-Fountain of Youth. 6196 See BATHS. Common b. of Romans. ♦489 Magnifloent b. of Romans. ^460 xV limit Mm 4B()I lOM •7!W •4H9 SM, * •6080 •saw 3837 •5051 •4288 1130 1301 t." 8386 r.8." 404 ♦595a e. •5953 incM lans .1711 ith. 5061 B. 469 459 460 tb. 5051 on. 8,V>8 13S5 01 37 1048 2182 th 6196 •459 •460 VVATKUINO-PLACEH-WinoW. 053 ni>e nici.trnR. by Mnddllnit Triulltloii. 16-15 TliUl d.-MudlUiiTKiieiin. 1T6N ^••ll (M'KAN III (v. W/%TRHIN»>I*LA<'I{R. KilNllo w.-p KmkIiikiI. *5<»ni UnlnvltliiK w.-p. KiiKlaoil. *5uao Mlmi'llikiioiiiiii criiiM rvforiMicci. rluiiNuntH of w,-p. Old KliK. 4806 Huiploloui diet DoK-KiiRlaud. 818^1 WKAK. UtilroyiMl Aiuilotil (.«riiiiUiN. •6000 Mi>c«llitn«niiH criiDH nriTi'iicch. Clianiploti tor iliu w. Ilyrnn. 8818 rrot«(alnt-Kmplr(i. •.VI58 (>r (Iruat mmi DoiiioKthencg. '51)50 Moral w. Mllo thn ntblute. •6!)0u Mlwi'llikiii'oiiK criMKrefcrciicci. In AdvorHlty-Clcoro. 4370 of AiiRer-l'litllp. 5tOt by Dlvlsluu Komaii Empire. lini."> " " -Ancient (IttrniuiiH. 1(1!)7 Kxouiable-KalolKh-SculToKl. Ii44 Kxponod-Idolatry. M6(i of Splrtt-JuHtintan. 18.18 bySympathyC"lumb'8nnin'n'd.54i)9 Ho« KFFKMINACY. Uoyal e. of KliiKabalug. *18^'« 3781 21)00 3871 3876 0100 8309 8016 2025 1500 508 48(Hi Age of e.-I<:n|{lt8h. CbarKed faNoly-JoalouHy. Honored for e.-BuokinRbam. In Claudlns. See KATKIl'K. Inscuslblo to f.-Miiry Stuart. Si'c 1 1 HOT. Supposed l.-YouiiR Jobiison. Sec I.MIIKCILITY. Intemperan ■'" nroduces I, OfBolal 1. -Invasion of Canada. Rldloule of natural I. 8ee WEAKINESS. in Bereavement-James Watt. " Pleasuro-seekhiK-Charlcs II Unconscious of w. from labor-\V. 1 18 See (;0\VARmCE and FOLLY in^EAliTH. Conservation of w.-Kngland. *59C1 Corrupting w.-RellRlon. ♦5902 by Corruption-Clarendon. *59(;3 Cost of w.-S. Johnson. ♦.'5901 ' " *:m'o Dangerous to piety-J. Wesley.^SOCli Despoiled of w. -Cromwell. *6;)«7 Destroyed for safety. ♦5908 Bnormous w.-Turks. ♦5909 Failure of w.-8. Johnson. ♦6970 by Flattery-Rome. ♦.'jOTl Genius for w.-Crassus. ♦SO'S Hopes of w. -Lincoln. ♦5973 Immoderate w.-Romans. ♦.5974 by Labor-Peter Cooper. ♦6975 Perils of w.-Dlocletlan. *5976 KHiailvii w. N. Y.. yr. 1678. •5977 Ht'pudUtiul by J. Wesley. •5lt7M UepiitHtlon for w. JUKtlnlan. •.Vi79 Uuriil w. J. ('iiiitai'u/.tMiii. •59H() Nobemu of w. llHiilfacti VIII. *Mh\ Slavitry to w. Hpanlardii. •WM Vlnloniiry w. Noto, •ntt85 Well- ureil w. smpon. •.'>»h8 Wise use of w. 1'. < ooper. •6081 Mliici*ll;itii-«« ri>(Wrrnr-ci. from Kovs-Amerlcitn Rev. I8H0 Inferior w. Copper and tin. 8000 Men .SWlllll) III UiU. WKAHIIVRMII. .MlMrt'llniu'iiiii criiKu rrfcri'iirfn. In lleruavenieiit .lamen \\ atl. 568 " I'leasure-seekluK-CharUm II. 1806 Unoontclousof w.from labor-W.U8 S.I.. FATIorK. Insensible to f. Mary Stuart. 6100 WKATIIKIt. Mlwfi'Il.iiuMMif* iT*"*^ rt I'l riiicp*. CroakliiKaRulMHt the w. I3IA lllntory depends on w. 1H«;8 Life lost by exjiosure to w. K. I l'J7 WaHhlnKlon.llir Providential i^lmnue In w 1556 Nt'c I'LIMAIM i>. /..o. WIMVKHN. I 'rucH rt'l't-rt'iuf. Importance of w. of allk. WKDDINO. llrllllant w.-oileiilal. Present for a w. Slaves. 2(«)7 8811 58M8 58H3 5971 1.58 318.) 3101 08.') .S^HS 26(Hi 8(K)7 Opportunities for w. Ignored. 5813 by Oppression of poor-Church. 4936 Persecuted for w. In France. .'i073 by Plunder-Pizarro. 1008 " " -Francis Drake. ;M59 Proof of w. for taxation. 8003 by Itapaclty-Court ladles. 0123 Renounced by St. Anthony. 1.509 Sacrifices for w. 5'.H15 Sinful use of w.-Uome. i'lOO Sought In legacies. 3184 Tainted wealth-Roman's. 998 I'seof, Wlae-Medloi. 2477 by War-P. Cooper. 5944 /lone of w.-Columbus. 972 Sec OOLl) iuul RICHES in loc. WBAPONS. Needless-Civil War. •6986 361 •5087 •5988 Ml.wi'lhiiudiiH IT' UH cronHreferenccn. Cold w. to bride, .Seendng. 3087 Comforting w. to James II. 5990 Joyful w.-Return of Columbus.8800 Publlo w. to Lafayette. 'iiS!, Sic HAMiSllAKINd. Weariness of h.-s.-CJen. ()rant.*8600 See HOSPITALITY iu toe. MlKiellanious eninn references. IIonored-Dlck Talbot. 6117 Ineffective w.-Massacre of St.B.4541 Misery from w.-Mary Stuart. 8490 Misnamed ptety-Persecutlon. 4541 Monster in w.-Maliomet III. 4007 Recompensed by w. 8743 Retribution for w. -Jeffreys. 4848 Reward of w.-Mlsery. 4856 Rewarded -Mourzoufle. 4500 Triumphant w.-Frodegonda. 0109 Unexcelled w.-Nero. 4905 by Weakness-Commodus. 1354 IVIDOIV. MlaccllnncuuH croBs-rcfereiiccH. Benevolent w- punished. 056 Noble son of a w.- O. Wash. 6198 See BEREAVEMENT and DEATH in loc. 954 WIDOWER- WITNESS. WIDOWER. Mlncclliiiiediis croas-riMuriMici's. Foolish third iniirrlaKe Mlltou. 3V;w Histy marrluge of w. 3-181 Many tlines-Twenty-two w. (i0.i8 Marriage of younu wife by w. 311 1 " " w.-Ill-matevl. 3451 Seoond muTUce approved. 34H-J See BKKKAVE.MENTiu.d DKATII hi titf, WMPOWHOOU. Cojsolatlon oftVred lu w.-N. WIFE. Abandon'"-' by poet Shelloy. Authority of w.-Lady Fairfax. Bequeathed by Atbonlaiis. CounseU of w. -Theodora. Enerfjetlc w.-Margaret of A. Generous w. to Wm. P. of O. Honored w.-Mrs. Jackson. Rebellious w.-J. Milton's. Remembered- WashlnKton. " -S. John^on. True w.-(iU3en Mary. Unhap.-y w.-.I. Seymour. and Vlxen-Mra. Pitch. Warrior's w.-Oalta. Winning w.-C^uoen Mary. Worthy w.-CalphuruUi. Wronged w.-t'aiherlne II. ♦5993 ♦r>Hj4 ".'•.99.5 *,'J(.9C *:>>.m *.')999 *00()0 *C001 *(iooa *00OJ •(«)()5 *0()0(; ♦ooor *(1IK)8 *U009 Mlscellaiieoua crosaroferi'iiws. Abandoned vixen-John Fitch. 1870 Adultery forgiven by w. 3S4-J Affection of w. -Josephine. IW " for w.-A. Jackson. 105 Afifections moved by thunder. 107 Ambitious w. of General Gates. 303 Avenged liy us.saaslnatlon. 4H01 Beloved w. of Prest. Jackson. 105 Bondage of Roman law. 1707 Broken-hearted w, -Josephine. 104 Brutality to his w. lOG Burden, a Rejected. 31.59 Chosen In chlldhood-Rob't Peol..')(i3 Claims of w. vs. State. 3^>7.5 by Coerclon-Wmiam Watt. 3434 Complimented by second mar. 34,s-,> Dangerous w.-Mary Stuart. 3494 Deoeased-Mlul.sterlng spirit. 531 -i Dependence on-" Have I dined :''"18 Deserted by Shakespeare. 3 (93 Devoted w. of Martyr Taylor. 079 "-Captivity- L'fy'tte. 4;il8 Discreet w. rules her h. .335a Disguised la man's dross-Spar. 3483 Dishonored by Mahomet. 03 " " concubine. 0109 Dissembling w. -Faustina. 1675 Dominion of w.-Bellsarius. 8086 Equal in intellect-Adams. ;«97 Faith, ul w.-Mary P. of Orange. 788 False union with w. 3444 Helpful w.-Mrs. A. Johnson. 6416 Humiliation of w.. Self. 4658 Husband vs. Brother. 0099 Impoverished of fortune. 3-105 Insulted by makl*- r love. -8410 Loan of a w.-Spartans. 6i.S7 Loss of w.-James Watt. 562 Noble virtues remembered. 0076 Noble purpose of w.-Theste. 0099 Obedient w.-Mary to William. 8090 " to huxband. .5998 Opposition of w., Violent. 5I(W Parent vs. Iliisbiiiid-Mary. 8085 Rebuked for avarice. 1583 Remembered in public life. 8597 Reproof of w.-Mrs. W'8hlng't'n.4781 Rival <)ppoH(Ml to w. 01;10 Itlvalled by conciibiiie. 0109 Ruler of husband-George II. 8083 Ruling husband Garrlck. 1083 W.-Rumford'.s. :M08 " -Princess Anne. 8*,'8 Sagacious reproof of w. 4881 Sale of w. legalized- Roman. 17''') Secured with tobacco. 3458 Shameful w.-Mary Stuart. 49)0 Slave of Roman husband. 3499 Substitutes her husband. 4078 Supplanted by new love. 3315 Supported by w.-S. Adams. 0058 irnscrupiilous w.-Agrlppina. 58(10 Vice of w. 'llsbelicved. 4a'i8 Virtue above suspicion, Ciefar's. 1948 Well dressed-Pieasurable. 17.38 WIs,j counsel of w. -Josephine. 178 Wronged of proi)erty-\vldow. 4581 by mUlress. llfti " " husband Ad'lterer.COO'i See IJKIUK. Cold welr'ime to b.. Seeming. 308(1 DlBlculty luterposed-Cerberus. .3338 (ilfts for b.-Gold-P. stones. 8:159 Preparations of b. -Refinement. 4048 Remembered b.-Josephiuo. 3340 a Reward of valor. 3;W5 Waiting fifteen years for-Cook.3195 •See I'OLYGAMY. Fanaticism tends to p. 3078 Justified by Milton. 3983 Permitted by Luther. 4658 Shameful p. -Both well. 3188 Unproductive of children. 4333 See MAllUIAGE and '.VEDDIXO in loo. IVIIiL. .MiscollaneoiiR croas references. ( 'ontro'. of tiie w.-Cato. 6004 Weakness of w. In Burns. 840 .«;ee CHOICE, P?:ciSI()Xiin(l STUIl- HORXXESS in loc. WIE.LS. ('ross-roferent'L'. Influenced by spiritual advisers. 5.")4 SeeLEC.ACIES in loc. AVIND. Dependence on w.-Wm.P.of 0. 1803 Experiment with w.-Newton. 1993 .sectarian w.-Wm. P. of Orange.5000 AVIIVE. Charm of w.-Gauls. *0010 Danger in w. -Ancients. *601 1 Deception in w.-S. Joimson. *6018 Defended-Samuel Johnson. *00I3 Forbidden-Samuel Johnson. *6014 Miscellaneous cross-references. Deception in w.-Samuel.Iohn8on.l4 Pleasure In w., not happiness-J. 14 Seo INTEMPERANCE in loc. WIlVIER. Mlsocllaneoiis cross-references. Changed to autumn-Calendar. 606 Dreary-Famine-Mass. iJolony. 8008 Terrible w.-N. E. Pilgrims. 967 W^ISDOlfl. False w. of Aristotle, with Ignorance-Aristotle. Occasional w.-S. Johnson. Practical w. -Socrates. Rldlculed-Savans. Source of w.-Folly. ♦6015 ♦0010 ♦0017 ♦6018 ♦0019 ♦0030 Miscellaneous cross-references. by Adversity-Fred, the Great. 84 " " -Romans. 85 " " -Dionyslus. 4889 Best w.-Knowing self. 8089 Folly preferred to w.-Dlogenes 8108 by Humility-Statesmen. 3670 Tested by questions. 4598 See DISCRETION. Better than ra'or-Charles V. 1637 Ruler without d.-Charles II. 2433 Wife's d. rules husband. 3352 See WIT. Dangerous »v.-('laudian. ♦60S,!) (iuick w.-Woman'8-Charles I. ♦6080 Failure in w.-GoIdsmlth. 3570 Ready w.-Johii Wesley. 4768 Saved '••/ intercessor's w, 4663 See INTELLIGENCE, KNOWL- EDGE and LEARNING in loc. W^IT. Dangerous w.-Claudian. ♦0039 Quick w, Woraan's-Charles I. ♦0030 Miscellaneous cross-references. Failure in w.-Goldsmith. 3570 Ready ^v.-John Wesley. 4T68 Saved by intercessor's \sr. 4663 Sto HUMOR in loc. Suspected w.-Esquimau. ♦6083 Jllscellaneous cross-references. Burned as a w.-Joan of Arc. 1736 Cured by flogging-Salem. 845 a Suspected w.-Duchess of O. 3512 " " "-Quaker in N. E. 4139 W^ITCHCBAFT. Alleged w.-Salem. ♦0024 Epidemic of w.-Salem. ♦602S Malice in w.-Salem. ♦6026 Punished w.-England. ♦6037 " -Salem. ♦6028 W^ITCHES. Cross-reference. Desc&odants of w. and demons. 1538 See DELUSIONS in loc. W^ITNESS. Abuse of w., Jeffreys'. ♦6031 False w.-Dick Talbot. ♦6033 " "-Titus Dates. ♦6038 of the 8plrlt-J. Wesley. •6084 ix WITNESSING— WOMAN. MUcellaiii'ouH ctcws rrfiTcncos. DliMredttable w. Trial of It. MO Falae w., Confusion of. 2I0-J Murder of w. by (.'alllas. 3KT1 Shameless w. iuKrato-Burton. 2850 iriTNESSING. for Christ- Early Christians. *(iOiir, See EVIDKNCK iu loc. urivES. Market for w.-.IaineHtown. Numerous -Artaxerxes. Surylval of w.-Widower. '6031 60.32 '6033 '0084 MUcclliineoUi* cross-rcferi'iices, in Common-Anoieat Britons. Ministers' w., Duty of. Plurality of w.-l.'ith century. Prostitution of Oothlc. Rights of Mohammedan. Wisdom of w.-Recoucillatlon. See C'ONCUHINES. Passion for c.-Elagabalus. Power of Persian o. ivomAiv. Adventurous w.-Pope Juan. Ambitious w.- Princess Sophia. Avariclous-Wlfe of James II. Brayery of Jane de Montford " " Mrs. Purefoy. Charity of Laeta. Compassion of-Nero's nurses. Converts by w.-CIotilda. at Court-Lady Hamilton. Cruelty of w.-Parysatls. a Custodian of man. Dangerous w. -Cleopatra. Device of w,-Arladne. Dominion of w.-S. Jennings. Energetic w.-Wash.'s mother. Executive w.-Wash.'s mother. Extraordinary w.-Zenobia. Ferocious w.- Hind. Firmness-Theodora. Forgotten-Mrs. S. Adams, the Qreatest-Madame de Staiil. Helpful w.-Isabella. Honored w.-Tomb. Indiscreet w.-F. Jennings. Infanr.ous w.-L'dy Castl'malne, " , " -Messalina. " " -Cleopatra. " -Catherine de M. Infatuated by w.-Antony. anInJuredw.-Wlfe of James 11, Injustice to w.-Henry VIII. Invention of w.-Silk-weavlng. Miserable-Sarah Jennings, in Misfortune-Cordelia. Monstrous w.-Queen Mary. Opposed-Queen Mary. Patriotic w. -Maria Theresa. Perfect w.-Cadijah. " -Q. Mary (Wm. Ill) Philosophic w.-Hypatia. in Politics-King's mistress. " " -Pompadour. " " -Lady Castlemalue. Power of w.-Cleopatra. '-Quetonallle. " " " -Aspasla. ♦fioao ♦ooar ♦oo;)M on 30! 1 6.5 120!) ()131 2680 000 950 *fift30 *6040 ♦0041 *G042 *li(m *mn *0W5 *0046 ♦6047 *004,S *0040 *605() *0051 ♦6052 ♦(W53 *am ♦6055 ♦60u(i ♦6057 ♦6058 ♦0059 ♦6060 ♦6061 ♦6062 ♦cmia ♦6064 ♦60()5 ♦6000 ♦6067 ♦0008 ♦6069 ♦(H)70 ♦0071 ♦0072 ♦6073 ♦6074 ♦(i075 ♦(K)76 .♦6077 ♦6078 ♦6079 ♦6080 ♦6081 ♦6082 ♦6083 ♦6084 Power of w. -Catherine Sedlty, Pralso of w. Mrs. Jac^kson. Protec.ttxl by w.-1'o.'iilionlas. Kemiirkublu w.-'l'liojliih. " " -Miiry Stuart. Res(!Ut^d by w.-Chas. II. Ueiitnilnti of w.-S. Johnson. Uevougbf ul w.-Ansasslnat ion. Rights of w. Karly Romans. Rule of w. -Marguerite. -Mary (iueen of S. Sagacious w.-Tlmnclea. Saved by w.-h'ulvia. Scholarly w.-il- Elizabeth. Spirited w.-Tlieste. " " -Q. Mary (StnartV Supremacy of w.-Voturla. Taste of w. -Advice to Lincoln Taught by w.-Christianity. Te derness of w.-Joan of .\rc ' -L. H. Transformation of w. -Vision. Value of w.-Placidia. Weakness of w.-Mary of M. Wickedness of w.- Fredcgonda Wise w.-Artemlsia. Worshipped Joan of Arc. Wronged in property. Zeal of w. for Monmouth. " " " -D ifonslilre. ♦tiOR-) *{)im *6()h7 •lillHS *!.()«! I *0(l!K) ♦OIKII *(H)iC,' ♦r,(l93 ♦lidOt *6l.'05 ♦lilliHi *60'.I7 ♦6(I0H *(ilHIO *0I00 ♦01 11 .♦(ill;:.' *'611« ♦6 KM ♦(il(>,-) *61()fi ♦0107 ♦610H ♦610!) ♦6110 ♦61 il ♦0112 *611;i *01II 956 024 109 (i Misci'Uunenns iTusa-rt'fcrciicL'S. Abused-James II. 109-1 Aroiised-Market women of P. 0.")8 Audacious w.-Licentioas. 1910 Avarice-Court of Jame.s II. H03 lioauliful-'AIlare qiioenshere." 192 ISoautyof w. prostituted. 'l.'iS.'! exhibited Cleopatra. .WH of w., Ktl'ectivo-l'oppa'u^lO lienevolent scheme of w. U'.y lilblc proliiblted vv.-Kngland. .'iMI Uiood-thirsty-Conslantina. VVVi Capricious w.-(i. Christina. .')9-'H Captivated by w. Mahomet. O.i Champion for women. Oi:!.") Charity of w.. Wonderful. 781 " "-La-ta. mw Charms, Strange Catli. Sedley. 2S(2 for King John. ~'«18 Christian devotion of w. 10(13 romniunistio w. -Paris. r.).'i.'l Community of w.-Onostics. 1001 Compassion of w.-Indian. 1006 I 'rnelty to w.-.reffreys'. Mi2 " "-Clotaire. 137.3 Dangerous w. -Rosamond. 67 Deceptivc-Vlcious-Antonlna. 4H.'jH Depraved w.-Catherlnc II. M.W Desperate w.-Marcla. 1591 Destructive Influence of w. 2H19 Devoted loyalty-Wlndham. 33,'J8 Devotion of w.-Mrs.Unwln to('.2H83 " -II. Weiitworth. 2510 " w. -Self-Servant. rJ-IS to w., Knights. 191 Disgraced by adultery. 3(30 Disguised as man-Christina. 3928 Dishonored w.-Ruin of J. II. 61 13 Distrusted by Cato. .5064 " " Napoleon I. 5065 Love of w.. Reckless. " glory in w. Marriage proposed by w. (Mucatlon of w. neglected. l''a.scinatlng w. llearlloHM. " b.-Mary Stuart. " " -Zenobla. rickieness-Countesrt of Carlisle. 109 l''lclltlous w. IClagabalus. 960 Flattery apprcclated-Ellz. 26H4 Fortitude of w.- Martyrs. 4142 Heartless ( 'ountess of Carlisle. 109 " w.-Cleopatra. 4227 Helpful w. I'rsula Cotta. 1811 Honored by .'erslan kings. 9.59 Ignoble w. Kxtorting money. 607 Independent .Mrs. Washington. 2780 Indifferent to w. 33,50 Indignation smothered. 3712 Infamous poisoner-Rosamond. 1292 Infatuating charms of w. 2819 w.-Mary Smart. .'i;!42 Influence of liijured w. 5716 " .vll w.-C. Sedley. 50.5-1 Inlluentlal-Courtesan-Aspasla. 12.56 Ingenuity of w.-Dr. t^ole. • 5:iH3 Insulted-DIck Talbot. 5177 Intercession of-C^ueen Phlllppa.4039 Irrepres8il)le-Lady Fairfax. 5294 Leadership of w.-"Stop that b."8.58 3476 3729 3472 3476 Jlonstor, Moral-Theodora. 1;M4 Detestable-Agrtpplna. 8072 Obsolete labor of w.-England. 355 Passion of w., Maternal. 3529 " for jewelry. 5698 Patriotic appeal-Theresa. 4035 " " of Elizabeth. 4070 w. "Captain Molly." 4078 '• -Lydia Darrah. 4079 Patriotism of Pausanlas. 3724 Personality donied-Romans. 3499 I'er'ness of w., Offensive. 3485 Piety of w.Pulcheria. 5836 I'lous sacrifices-Isabella. 4188 Pitiless w.t^ueen Mary. 6041 Plain manners-Mrs. Jackson 5215 in Politics-Henrietta. 4282 Power of w.-AIistress. 1133 Property of w. for Husband. 3465 Quick wit of w. 6030 Reformed-Courtesan Theodora.5996 Remarkable w.-Joan of Arc. 5437 Respect for w.-Fxecutloners. 4141 " " -Elevates men-G. 902 Revenge of w., Degrading. 4849 Passion for. 4853 " of w., f'ruel Parysatls.4855 " for exposure-A. 4858 Rule of w.-Poppa-a. 4373 " " " -Fairfax. ' 5894 Rullng-Rumford's wife. 3462 Saves the State-Fulvia. 1140 Self-made w.-Mrs. Adams. 3497 Sex deplored by w.-M. Stuart. 6100 Shame of w. overlooked. 3712 Shameful w.-Louisa Maria. 8066 Shameless w.-Rosamond. 67 Slandered-Anne Hyde. 6038 Sorrows of w. -Turks. 4366 Spirited w.-Craven husband. 1248 m 956 WOMEN— WORLD. Spirited w.-Lady Fairfax. Subordinate to man-Win. III. Suffers by lutemperancu. SuKKestion of w., Valuable. Supposed to be an anRcl. Sympathy of w. " " " -Joun of Arc. Tact of w.-Queon Caroline. Taunt of w., Influence of. Tyranny over Mllo-Courtesan. UKly-faced w.-Mex Murray. Unprlnolpled-Noro's mother. Venneanoe of w. -Theodora. Vice of w. overlooked. Vicious w.-Polsoner. Virtue of w.-Roman. " " " doubted-Mary S. Vlolent-Qneen Elizabeth, vs. Woman-Poppaea. Work In conversions. Worshlpped-Mlnerva. Zeal of w., Patriotic-Flag. Co-operation of w.-Am. Rev. Courtesy to w. -Early Romans. Culture of w. unappreciated. Degraded by Roman law. Devotion of w.-R. matrons. Ferocious w.-Barbarlans. In Government-Revolutions, and Government-Injuries. Hard-hearted w.-Court of J Heroic w.-Soolal reform. "-Flora McDonald. Honored-Ancient Germans. Injustice to w. by nobility. Insults of w. for cowards. Patriotic w.-Am. Revolution, in Polltlcs-Clcero's wife Power of w.-Soap rebellion. Preaching by w.-Wesley. Reform by w.-Church. Rights of w.-Mohammedan. " "-A. Hutchinson. Rivalry of w.-Cleopatra. Ruined by w.-Spartans. Rule men-Cato says. Testimony of w.-Tarqulnla. Warriors of w.-Dahomey. " " " -Arabian. " " "-Second Crusade. 110 3H93 391 1 3113 aas ciuri liKM 8683 2501 5900 3434 1347 1344 4849 4320 5840 2062 703 4373 6094 54;i8 887 ♦6115 ♦6116 *6n7 *on8 ♦6119 ♦6180 ♦6181 ♦6132 .♦0123 ♦0124 ♦6125 ♦612() ♦6127 ♦6128 ♦6129 ♦61.30 ♦6131 ♦6132 ♦6133 ♦6134 ♦6135 ♦6136 ♦6137 ♦6138 ♦0139 ♦0140 ♦0141 ♦6142 MIscellanebiiH cinssrcferences. All surrendered to Mahomet. 2588 Athletic training of Spartan w.l817 Beauty-Dangerous-Mahomet. .3242 " endangers them. 2211 " " " 3973 " " 4803 4536 4329 1858 492 5791 1001 6015 3074 34S5 1150 37% " coveted by w.-Ellz. " endangered by w. " common-Flemings. Branded on the cheek. Community of w.-Persians. Compassion shown by w. Compassionless-Am. Indians. Competition In beauty. Contented with trifles. Cowardo desplMd by w. Cruelty to captive w.-Franks. Degraded among Roman!). " standard of w. Devotion to w.-Kiilghts. Discrimination apilnst w.-li. Dishonored by divorce laws. 1334 1700 1H03 8H0(> lil«5 17(H) .. .. .. •• j^f,., " -Mahomet. 4210 Disparaged by drinkers. 8984 Disrespect for w. -Fred. Wm. 1672 Dress restricted by law. 4611 Elusive- Indian fable. 8397 Enemies of woman. 3843 Enraged In war-Cirabrlans. 1550 Enticements of vicious w. 3243 Equality of w. in religion. 6124 Fury at disguised man. 1052 Gallantry to w.-Eog. rulers. 2264 Gentility of w. by restraint. 3.148 In Heaven-Mahomet. 3992 Honored by Am. Indians. 2008 Imitation of w.-Theseus. 2120 Indignation at disguised niau. 1651 Influence of abandoned w. 6222 " w. -Mistresses. 4487 Intoxicated w.-Nobillty of Eng.2932 Labor of royal w. 6149 the Laborers-Savages. 2598 Obvjdlenf-.e of Chinese w. 1410 Opposition of w.-" Hot water. "4107 Ornaments, Love of-Romans 3419 " -Indians. 3961 Patriotism of w.-Am. Colonies. 3914 Preaching of w.-Illdone. 4397 Protection for w. 6217 Rebellion of English w.-Soap. 4028 Ruin plotted through w. 2323 Soldiers in w. -Crusaders. 6142 " " "-Mussulmans. 6143 " " " -Dahomey. 6140 Success of degraded w.-Eng. 1803 Suffer by Intemperance. 3931 Tribute In Chinese w.-Huns. 5713 Vice of men, Indifferent to. 3468 Wine prohibited w. -Ancient. 6011 " " " -Romans. 6014 Wise pacification by w. 2689 Zeal of w., Religious-Quakers. 4139 See ADVENTURESS. Remarkable a.-Fope Juan. 6039 Succossfal a. -Lady Reves. 1171 See CONCUBINES. Passion for o.-Elagabalus. 960 Power of Persian c, 959 See LICENTIOUSNESS, MAIDEN, MARRIAOE and MOTHER in toe. Supers! It lous w.-W dst Indians.*6143 See MIRACLE and MYSTERY in loo. WORD. Miscellaneous cross-references. Power cf a w.-Artam Clark. 1181 " " Mahomet's w.-Moon.3633 H^ORDS. Backing for w,-Lysander. ^0144 Hasty w.-Henry II. »ei45 Origin of w.-" Sandwich." ♦6146 Thrilling w.-Bp. Latimer. *■ I'jiwM*"*?^^.."- % WOKLDLINESS-YOUTII. 957 164 lVORi:.Dr.INE88. Rebuked-Soorates. ♦6158 See AVARICK and FASHION in loc. WORSHIP. Apostates from w.-Samarlt'ns. Cheerful w. In adversity. Constrained w.-Heathen. Dreadful w. -Druids. Enforced-N. E. Puritans. Idolatrous w. -Ancient Uer. of Images-Early Church. Perilous w.-Jerusa!em. Retreat from w.-Jeff. Davis, of Solenoe-Tlmour. Substitute for w.-Sentlments. •ei.TO •6160 ♦0161 *616d *6163 •6164 •6165 *01(i6 •6167 •6168 •6169 Miscellaneous croas-references. Amusement In Pagan w.-R. 846 of Animals by Egyptians. 4607 Calamity unites In w. 2144 Capital crime In Scotland. 4393 of dhrlflt the Son-Illustrated. 825 Crime of w.-Scots. 4121 Cruelty in w.-Drulds. 1374 False w.-Arlstotle. 6373 Folly In w.-Saored goose-Goat. 64.51 Heathen w.-Brahmln. 3705 Hindrances overcome w. 473;l Horror mingled with w. 4630 Idolatrous w.-Roman. 3085 Ignorance In honest w. 3374 in Ignorance, True w.-Am. Ind.2378 Interference In w. resented-F. 508 at Mecca-Mohammedan. 5343 Misdirected w.-Plcture vs. C. 2730 Pagan w. copied by Christians. 3731 of Personal Christ-Erasmus. 836 Prescribed-England, year 1664. 375 Protection of Legislature. 3301 of Reason-French Revolution. 4634 Restrained-Puritans. 4138 of Sacred stone-EIagabalas. 5343 " Saints introduced. 6013 " Self-Callgula. 1.363 Sun w. by Persians. 5432 Tenderness In w.-Joan of Arc. 2116 Trifles in Pagan w. 4870 Voting to determine w. 58.59 of Woman by chivalry. 6111 Se« ADORATION. Human a.-Greek emperor's. *59 Human a. of Diocletian. See DEIFICATION. of Caesar-Romans. " Heroes-Ancient Greeks. " Self-Alexander in India. See HOMAGE. Disgusting h. of James II. (Jnsurpassed-S. Johnson's. Refused by Crusader. 40 Vanity of Diocletian. " " " Greek emperors. See KNEELING. to God only-Alex. Murray. Disgusted by king's k. See LITURGY. Opposed by Scots. Opposition to l.-Soots. 26 2057 3511 3753 •2590 ♦3591 891 26 59 •3085 2590 •8323 6133 ♦48n See RESPKOT. Beneflclal-Samuel Johnson. See RITUALISM. HeJccted-CalhoUc-England. ♦4915 Tilfles vitiate sorvl(!0. ♦4685 Sif CHUKCII. DEVOTION, IDOLA- TRY, I'RAYEK, PREACHING ami REVERENCE in tuc. WORTH. Moral w. of Louis IX. •6170 Minoellitncuus cross- references. Eminence by w.-II. Wilson. 1808 Work brings w.-Oxen. ol54 See EXCELLE.N'CE iM loc. IVOiJNDS. Honorable w.-Tlmour. " " -Sertorlus. " -in Front. ♦0171 ♦0173 ♦6173 M iBccllancous cross-references. from Friends-" Stonewall " J. 2336 Honorable w.-Perslans at Petra.i''13 Indifferent to w.-Phlllp. 5915 Sec MUTILATION, of Agriculturists by Theodorlc. 164 by Cowards-Romans. 5i40 Punishment by m. -Scots. 5791 Revenge by m.-Coventry. 48,57 Solf-m. for deception. 53-!8 Soldiers supported by State. 5^'13 WRATH. Crosareference. Victim of w.-Jews-Aiitlochus. 6106 Sec HATRED and STRIFE in loo. IVRETCHEDNESS. Cross-reference. by Conflagration of Rome. 10,58 See CRUELTY and SUFFERI.NG in loc. IITRITING. Substitute for w.-Cords. ♦6174 Miscellaneous cross-references. Careless W.-330 W'rds In s'nt'nce6319 Obscure style In diplomacy. 1598 " w.-Napoleoii I. 3963 Offensive style-Greeks. 8;Wi Sublime w.-" Paradise Lost." 3.307 See CORRESPONDENT. Burdensome c.-C.'s son-in-law. ^1200 See FORGERY. Confessed-Deed. ♦2193 Convenient f. -Emperor C. ♦2193 Delusive f.-Wm. P. of Orange. ♦2191 Perilous f. -French officer. ♦3195 Hands cut off for Egypt. Life saved by f. Preservation by f.-Assassin. Shameful f.-Antony. 3100 5713 1543 1237 See LETTER and LIBEL in loc. WTRONG. Miscellaneous cross-references. Neither give nor take w. 2873 Suffering w. vs. Doing w. 4188 See INJURIES in loc. YEAR. Lengthened by Ctesar. *6l' : "Without desiring to dis- parage the excellent Century, the International, or Worcester's, I feel it simple justice to the Standard to Bay tnat in this cane the latest is unquestionably the best Dictionary of the English language." NEW VORk OBSERVER : " It is, indeed, a prodigious work. . . . The knowledge and experi- ence of the mo8' !>ble minds of the age in all the departments of art and science, of literature and learn- ine, have practically been focused, and the result is a dictionary so tliorou5!f- sr ^ d'V ' "^'.i-'"Sjr'»"7ir,1n;(,/ ■-'«»#«PK, N. Y. HERALD: -"By long oM» th» btat book of Quotatloa$ la txltttaet." Completed — Thoroughly Revised, Enlarged, and Remodeled. A Product of the Scholarship ot the Country. Cyclopedia oi t^ ^ Practical Quotations THIRTY THOUSAND CHOICE QUOTATIONS EMBRACING A COMPREHENSIVELY BROAD FIELD OF SUBJECTS WITH EIGHTY-SIX THOUSAND LINES OP CONCORDANCE, EVERY QUOTATION BEING CAREFULLY SELECTED, WITH THE NICEST DISCRIMINATION AS TO ITS PERTINENCE TO THE GENERAL SUBJECT, THE PROMINENCE OF ITS AUTHOR, AND ITS PROBABLE DEGREE OF USEFULNESS. >^By J. K. HOYT-==^-^^ "Whh an Appendix Containing: Proverbs from the Latin, French, German, and Other Modem Foreign Languag^es, each one followed by its Engflish Translation. Copious and Convenient Topical Indexes. PRACTICALLY A NEW BOOK. The Original Work, Completed in J882, has for Fourteen Yean met with an Unparalleled Reception. The Present Completely Revised and Enlarged Cyclopedia is almoot a New Book Through- out, Containing 13,000 more Quotations, 21,000 more Lines o< Concordance, besides Other Valuable Features j» j» jt Ji jH »-mnotb thesb strono merits h<< N»t Poetry AI«N«, All Quotatimis Date of Birth, The Bmt Authors Not Prose AIomo. B«t Jodkiom Mlogliag •TBotb. ■re Grouped under Classified Subjects with Cross-Roferoaces. ^ Nationality, and Work of the Author of Every Quotation. from Shakespeare to Lowell are Quoted from. Thousands of Quotations found In no other Collection. Latin Law Terms with Transia tlons Invariably Given. ^aknpearian Quotations Denoted in the Concordance so that they are Immediately pistinguiifaed— also Quotations from Milton, Wordsworth, Byron, Tennyson, Lcmg- fellow, Lowell, and Pope. ^^ ^„, ^^. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, New York. \t- \ \ ^' 3. .';,- 'I 7-^ ^PiiP i ^:>'?>' V-" - ■ *i-I^' ^^^^ •■;«^ • w 'T'V*- v *"' *". •■ V ■^' *'.. \^. ■■•. ■^ ^■■s c«^- >s» ^, 4>■^a •cs J. :^^; diMlk B08T0N Post. — " The Only Standard Book of V^iotatiu.'ui. The New Edition Cnntalns Evary DcairabU Quotation Pound in All Othar Coilectionk, Haaidca an Immrnsa Amount of Exclualvc Malarial. . 'p]^VWi'' ^ 9 of Practical Quotations '« v^,"' -Ittm JLm • Tb* Wtodoa of tlw WIm and tiM I«p«rl«Ke of Afoo May bo Pro«orvo4 hi a QootatMO." AN INVALUABLE BOOK FOR LAWYERS, EDITORS, AUTHORS, SPEAKERS, MINISTERS, AND ALL INTELLIGENT MEN AND WOMEN WHO WISH TO BEAUTIFY AND STRENGTHEN THEIR J» J» J» J$ SPOKEN OR WRITTEN WORDS BY APT QUOTATIONS. . » "A great man Quotaa bravely, and will not draw on hia ' .r^. Invention when hit memory aervea him with a word aa good."- Representative Men and Leading Perlodkale Believe lliis Booit ShoM he Wlthio Easy Heach in Every libfaty. Read a Few of tlie Opinions . the It»H»€ of X9p"«»*mttiHvtsj ■I- / \ , .*• Thfi SpriHgfitlS [Ma«.] Jtepubticon : "It Ib no abaolutoiy Indispenitablo. . . . 'Wiion it comes to eatlmatlng tlf comparative nierita of quotation (lictlonarira, the newipHper is in an excellent position to pass judgment ; and in the case of the Iloyt-W'ard CycloMdIa onr Judgment is one of timphatlc coinmfudauou, . . ." Th» A*«M* Tvrk Herald : "It Is by long odd« the best 'Cyclopedlu of (Quotations' in existence." The BoetoH Globe: '. '^^^f 'l-.C " Ono of the most valnable boohs of the times ; —a volumn indispensable to the man of haters, and one which shoald be in the library of every .reader." The Inter Om«m, Chicago : " A rich mine of mformation open to every in- quirer, and bewildering to none," The Preee, Philadelphia: " A rich Htnrehouse— any one who dips Into It will place It among bin weli-ckoson books.'' The Sau I'ranMeeo Chronicle: " A work which tio one who does literary work ' an afford to do without." The nttebwrg Cominereidl Qanette: " A monument of reseanh, Industry, and learn- ing," w wmsfom. COVER dcsign by GCORCC WlbUirON eowarss. rubrkattd titu pmk. JKw*. MmnoI J, Jlmt'^oll, nat-ffptaher of Ui - - -. ■"HncIoBoil find check fur "'>pv ••' •':f lojx,'; , of QnotuUoiis.' I am ninch piiaBcil itii ii. I •'ousldfr it. the best iMok of gMiUtionii whicti I have secu." /Tom. WreterUik T. iS^Unghuyiimti'i'y^ "The authoro hnve overt'oim.tli»' dIfflciil'JcfTh the way of prna«et. Net Pricea. Backiaoi, $6j00; Law Shetp, $&00( Half lKgrocaO| /$I0.00j FuH IVfofoa^ $12.00. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers. 30 Lafayette Place. NEW ■r. f: .•■i*i* * ;1 . 'J ■«!** i ■^ im \ { th. £ • •'