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DEPARTMENT OF AOKICULTURE CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM OTl'AWA, CANADA GROWING AND USING CORN FOR ENSILAGE OB FORAGE CORN ■V T. H. 6BISDAIE, B.Agr. Agrieulturutl, Ctntral SxptrimmuU Farm BULLETIlSr No. 65 Published by diractlon of th« Hon. SYDNEY A. FISHED. Minister of AgriouHure, Ottawa, Ont r.^.r .ii ^—1 -hS.AS.CiB., 1810 ;.ervioe Hul. 3. PEPAUTMKNT or A (; It I C f l.ir i; E CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM OTTAWA, CANAI'A GliOAVINC AND T.^iXr CORN FOE ENSILAGE on FORAiJE (T)HN J. H. QRISDAIE, B.Agr. Agriculturist, Central Ej-ptrimental Fann TJULLKTIN NO. (55 Pubrished by direction of the Hon. SYDNEY A. FISHER. Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. Ont. MAliCII, lOlO -'I, #1 V jl 'f%!:^ To tlie TTnnoiirril.ni Tho .Minl.itiT of AKiiiiiltMri\ Kin, — I suliiiiit lnreuiili. fur .v.mr niM'r'ivtil. lirlL tin N'o. fl.'i i.f tlu! Kxin'rimeiitnl Farm srrios, (i?i tlio (irnwiiig ami I' iiiK i>t (' irii f t l'!iil|;if.'r (ir !•'• r:i;;(\ wliiili liiH lii'i'n prepared liy Mr. J. 11. Clri-iilali-, A^rii il'uri-' ■.)' tin' Ciiif'-nl Kxiirriiii(Mitnl Farm. This crop \i (iiio of vrry K"'iit iiml MT>\ii]i,' iiop irt iiici^ to the coimlr.v, iiii'l its iiie for fotock iialM-tiie-. The proeiit hidli'tin treats nf the cm,! of produeim; ilii- crop, anil also of lln' rejiintis over which it niny he (rrnwn ; th" varii'tiei most siiitadle for jfrowiir,'; and niiiny other relate. 1 jMiinta. The advanla'i's which nniy he |iK)ked for fr in the frri.wini; I'f liniian corn arc cl( arly shown. It is hoped that, hy the wide di-ti i'li'i'iii of the infirniation contained in this hullntin, many farn.er- may he induc'd to grow thi^ crop who have not hitherto tried it, and that thus the jipiti's advantage may ho in, IfllO. 12920 IJ IHDEX TO SUBJECT MATTER. i'ti.> I' Ctt-' of ri|iii|>iiii'iit .111(1 ►ilii'*, . I!i I Itru'aiii'* for iii li riirit r<».t of K<">"i>tl oil'" .1' HI ml I I.\ K>'ui<>ii> hIihii. It iii.ij Ik) Krimi CllttlllK 111" mill I.' Sll.f i'^i'ly i nt[t t I'i'titiiiHiii .. .. II Sill pt fp.ii.iUiMi Kn*itiif^ anil ili-»«.i-'- \'i Sp.-. nl |>r> p.ii .i< ii.n on rlnycy "^I'lt^ . KiiJildiiiif i:i Siiiiiiihii V 111 liullilMi JVi^liiiu <rk II I -111,' iii-ilii^,i IjUtcl 'llltlMllKill II i Vall■lll^ III -<•» MnViiiK aiiil |iii>miii|? iliy i"mi tmlil i li Wli. ii lr.i':' 'inn . x Wln'ir In kio* i- Mvlll<«ls llf M'l'dillK '' Wll,!, t.l Mi« UiilKMij 111' liiiliiii; '"III ;' II H li ft H lli II II 10 I't H n INDEX AND DESCRIPTION OF CUTS. \ii. I liil.in.iy ildiiVili' di-i' tliice-lii'i -(■ ImiKm-. A im.-f i\ri-ll. nl iini'li iiifiil for inci'iii iiiu • ml III' IiiukIi Iniiil fiii niiii. Nil. -' Si'iili'i' "Ot to vow corn in row* ('.' iiuIh- iipiiit, thrce-liin ■.<•, t»t iilyinm ki i', -I'Vrii inrh -I '• Ko. .1 Xliikii where rorii i'^ to Im smm m InJU by li; inl. Wliiie rcKuUr ilmk n.rti pl.inlir IS used bUi 1' marker in not ii('ie--aiy. Nc- 4 lliiiul orii planters. .\ (jood man can liandli two of tin -e and plant ^ aori'S a dny nhfii land in in Rood >hape and »oII marked. No. .') I'wcliorM', two-row. ridiiig niltivafor. Can Ix' ii^'d till loiii ii fmir or five f I'l t liii;h. Start rultivatint? ileiply, gradually eaM- np a^i seixin ndvaiiri'^. No. U WttlkiiiK single tultivufor. Sir nld lie iim d after rorii is tuo liii-li fur No. 7. Do nut use lullers. No. 7 Vaiitties of corn siiilabli for ensilage in t"ana''.i. No. R- I ield of corn. Team weighing ;i,."iO(» lbs. Corn in glazing stage. Field rut W ton-, to the a. le. No. The harvest. Corn harve-ters may bo espected to rut an aire of heavy corn in about two hour>. The corn may be handled on special low framed wagons but advantage is very .light and probably rounterlial iiii < d by ankwardness iu handling wagon-. Ni'. 10 Cutting into the silo. A blotter is shown at work, (,'iitting may bo done by cut box and eliain elevators. Tlire" or four men can handle cut box driven by tread potter or small gasoline engine. Ni . 11 -Coin curing in shock. Where starting operations before silo is built or where any exce-s llf corn over amount required for silo is grown it may be cureii iu shink as illustrated. Kc. l;; l.n-ilage at the feeding. Kiisilage mixed with iiit -tratt- m i baft (100 lbs. ensilup.. lli lbs. >tiaw or ibaffi can bo best handled in tiiieks .\ large b-iriow will ^elve fairly well. I^f^^'; "-./^•^^,.>^ :vii ii •vA.r, .»' CORN FOR FORAGE OR ENSILAGE CORN. (lorn for foinse or (Misilasro corn imu I>i' Rrown to advaiitairi' iu almost all pnrl^ of Canada at prn^ent oociipiod t).v fanni>r~ or stin'kiiiiii. .ltiv\ilt-i liave not bren siitU- factory in every case wli<>ro offorls liavo lici n madi- to jiro-.v it, but this has very often been due to wrnnfr onltural methods praeti-iod or tiimiitable varieties grown, rather than to adverse elimatic peeidiaritie-!. Reasons for Growing Forage Corn. The reasons for Rrowins or maUinir an nttem|)t to prow thi^ fTafr" enp vlierever live stoek are kept in any numbers are mniKTous and eo^eiit. A feu' of th' ni f'>!lo\v: — 1. As a plant capable id' yielding' a hnve amoniii of valiia'd.' foraije under a fireat variety i>f soil and (diniatii' eeuditinns. corn i~ without an (>i]ual. 2. When properly iire-.rved, wle tb"r as i'ii-ilai;e .ir dried, it eau be used :is material to render other less palatable roiichi'n" more ai'eeptable t farm animals. n. It is the best plant or crop fcr e:i-il. iuK that can b(> :,'r'- .: +0 aiK;intajrc in Canada. It is practically a jierfeet (irop for thi> purpose, hence it hcl|, to selve the great probli'ni of how to furnish an abund.wif and elieap supi)Iy of suceidi ut fixid for winter or summer feediuK of ,!airy or beef cattle. 4. Wiieu prop:'rly frriwn and well iire-erved as eu-ilaffo. it is the equal of or stiperior to roots in feeding value and I'alataliility. It can, however. Renerally spcakinc*. be more cheaply Rrown and mi>re easily pre-erved than re. its. ■'>. The labour of pr^'winsr an acre of corn is of a chnrn"ter much more agreeable to jwrfiinn an I nuieh h-.s arduous than tliat of frrowintr an acre of roots of any deseri))tieu. C. Corn bein^r a cultivated or lioe!I adapted tn occupy that place in the rotatien '.vhere hnuiifyins veiretable matter au 1 a fairly liberal supply of barn yard manure unite to supply \o\-.\' ipiantities ..f plant food suitable fnr mot, leaf ami -leni growth rather than for s. e,l | r.>!!action. 8. The growing of corn on a fair prop.irlion of the araide land on the farm will permit of keeping more cattle and so increase the revenue a-, well as augment the manure supply so essential to the maintenance of .soil fertility. 0. Corn when preserved as ensilage, can be stored much more cheaply in much less space than any other roughage. In addition, stored in this way it will keep ii!»!,e.!initely and is always ready to feed. 10. In thirty .years' experience in farming in the Ottawa valley, the writer has seen all kinds of grain crops utter failures, he has seen hay so light as to not pay for the making, and roots and potatoes practically nil. but in all that time he has never seen n failure in the corn crop. There has always b«>n a fairly profitable return from tb.e fl^dds in corn. ^JBN •cr*,!.'' 'tMm -*'•* rm- j-'-Cv-^TW Where to Grow it. Corn will grow in any kind of soil, pruviiled alway- that tli( re is «ood Jrainngc. Umier draining is not absolutely necfssnrj'. althoutrh ndvi>;ililc Iutc a- witli most other farm crops. On low-lying or level lands, ilitclies should be in good wc^rkiug condition and water furrows kept ojien all sunuiier. If a ehoico of lan.l may be made, then warm-bottomed light loamy soil may bi- cxiwH-ted to prove the mn-t satisfaetury iind'T most weather condition-!. Ill the rotation, corn should follow clover hiiy. |ia-ture or nieadiw. Stubble land as well as lands th.it have just been in hoc much food such as these subsfanc(>s provide, it would jirobably fall short of a good crop on account of the lack thereof. Corn might advantagi oa-ly conn- after grain or even follow a hoed crop, provided the land were very firlilc ir a very bea\y dressinir of manure were applied. Manurial Requirements. ■j'lir lie>t firtili/ing material for corn is inii!balIow furrow should bo turned. Commercial fertilizers i.ri! not necessary, nor are they likily to prove profitable where the above mentioned dressing of farm yard niainire can be applied. Preparation of the Soil. Where clay land is to be used for corn, it is generally well to plough in the autumn, turning a well set-up moderately (k>ep furrow, (6 to 8 inches deep), being '•areful of course to go no deeper tlian usual. If light land is to be used, it is generally advisable to plougli in the spring, turning a tlat shallow furrow, (4 or •" inele s deep). In eilli'-r ase the manure may bo pk.nglic.! in or worked in on the si.irfac-e with the ili.-c harrow. Xii, 1 -Cutaway Doulile iJiac, TliriH-lH>r.«i' Harrow. The land should be worki d d done until what might be called a perfi>i-t seed bed has been prepare.!. Snee failure will depend very largely upon this feature of thorough s,,;i i>ri paration seeding. Special Preparation for Level or Clayey Lands, Where either heavy clay lam] .r v< ry levil land not under-draine. 7 I'lint Vari'ti.- Nnrth I).iK..tM Whil.. (»liit. (''■iii|it'Oi'- Kaily (v. llnwi. riint... V. T, Sliiitt. Ilcnr \ aii.tit- Whit. I'.i|, V.lluvv ll.iit (Hint.). S..I,.,t..| [..•;Hlillli."V.'li..u . N". "^ \'\- ]<\ 111 ('<-] n. 't'.Miii u.t::liiiiL: ;{,.'hh» n. .un :.^^:Si^ r^^"^^' 4"t^VvA- » Thr liiii 1 .liutihl l.c |,|,,iik1iiiJ ill iii.clv r.. 1111,1. . I il.Ii., - iMi.ilv 10 ff. tl in. from •■'""■'' •" '■'•iilrr. All n -Mirv .iilliviiti.m thoiiM !„■ -, ,|,,i,. i„ t,, |.i,.., n,. the roiiiul- iii>f siirfii.v ..( 111.. ri,|«... HMil 111,. .Ii,i,l furrows .l,.,ul,l I,.- k.|.t .•l.^im iii„l kIi.uiI.I „,«.,, into a wril-ki'pt .".tli ,,r (Jtli. S.,w wlioii .:,,il is warm and cirv N". :• .'<,-..,l„i ,rt to ...»• r,.iii in i.,w» 42 iiiche* »i>art. Threelior. jnty niaikt-r 7 I. ^ch space. ' Methods of Seeding. <„rn (-..r forapo or on.il.ip,> may bo planto,! in row^ or hill... If plantod in row^ a-. .« usuall.y a,Ivisul,l.., tho r,nvs should be at Ica-t 42 in,-l,o. (3 ft. in.) apart Tli.. I-ant^ should stand ab,.nt 8 in,.h..s apart in th,- ro»v=. In srH-,linK. it w„„l.| not be advisable to try t.) .sow as .=pars,.ly .u. thi«. It is hotter to pivv a ratli.T h.avior M.HJinp mid tl„.n th.n out to tho .h-in-,! tl.i,.kn.-. with a l.oe wluu plant, are or 8 iui-lu s liijzll. No. 3 Markoi wli, re com ii to Xx tivwn in Ijill!, by haiiil If ian.l HUendtii for .'..rn i« very dirty, whether from the i.resonoe of weed Reeds or ,-,ni,.-h gross, it is •.isnolly .i,lvi*,d,le to plant in hills. The hills .should be nt least 3 ft. apart each way and from r. t.. .", k.rnels should l.e i,li,i,te,l in each hill 10 Fur plantiiiir in row* tluTi' uri- .>|h-.';h| nirii (ilunting iiiii<'liiiii-i iiiadc hy rtrioiit aRriiMilfuriil iiiipli>tiutiir("r>.. Wliiro thn farimr hn< n ijriiin Ki>«'r that H'lH* ill MW«. ho cmi, by rlixinir up pnrt iif the stvil apinitrt, \iit< it n% a corn ph\ntcr mill HO (fit almiif witlmiit tin- -'pi'iiiil iiii|. Then- iirp iiNn hiiii.l phmtcr-i <>f various (li-criptiouH on tlii' mnrkot whifh will onahio a man to plant from two lo fiiur ucrci :i iliiy when the liiml i- r>n.U. If n.. pliinti— i« nvailahio, plrintinjc may U- ilonc wj'li a In-' i>r oven hill platilinif i* t. lie done otluT than with a liors' t.lantpr, it will l>c npcm- •ury to tni rl< the liinl i fT into lline foot scpinrc-". the hill* to he nt tho comer-i of thrt mpiarcw. Thin may l«^ ilone liy a nuin ilrawinK n Iwavy ehniii luvk aiul forth ncron' the fielil till it i.i markeil off into liiree f«t hirjroly. Some ,,f tlie l.e I >,irietie-i an- l.wtiirfellow. Comptou'^ Harly, Aii^.-"! of .Mid- niRht. North Dakota White Flint and Saiidfopd. (See cut No. 7.) In these same di.-itricN a few of tho dent- may ho oxpeetrd to give (food n»sults, tho boj-t heiiitj Whit" Cap Yollow Dent. In tlio>e parts of Ontario east and north of Toronto, as fa.- as Mu-- koka. in tiie southern pari- of Quel.i ,• and in tho Kii'^tom Township?, eonsidorably Inrper varieties may In- expi rtoil to tcive t'ood results. As variotii - suitn' for auid districts niinht Ik' mentionod any o. tho Hiiitii, White Cap Yelluw !)ent, I.euminjf am! CM'oasloiially si mo of tho larirer varieties ns Mammoth < 'iihan '.r Karly MastiKlon. Tn tli.>-.o part- of <»ntario s,,utli and we-t of Toronto, any variety, no matter how lar^i , may Is' cxixiteil I 1 ^'ive -ati.sfaetion. Wlioii wnvinc m row.s. it will ho foniui liost t^i sow alioii ■" li ,,t' ill.' Ilint varieties ii'io ahoui ".0 lbs. of the dent varietli-s per aoro. -lowing in h.il- I .iiiiir.- les- seed, at' .iit I'l 1' ;. flint and i>i lbs. dent per aere. '< i'l k I -r-—- », mf^'^ No. .1 Two liiirwTwo-io.v Uiiiiiig Cultivat jr. Tl Etrly Crop 7re«tment. A f'-w ■Ihv« gffcr dciiliiii^. «iiv ill,' tliir.l .. fourlli ilu.v in wiirtn *««nlliT. at thn fourth nr Hllli day in <'chi| w<«llicr it i^ wcW t.i run ovit iIu- finl.l uilh a 'liiiil t.iolli h.irrow or laikin« lliii, wiili u li«ht •.in. ..tiling liiirrow. Thi-. will l.ri'«lc th« rrunt, cl.'-lMV iiii.v uii ,1-. iiml \u\\> wHrin llir s..il. tlm. (.m-oiirmfiiiK ifT"«th of tlir corn. A f«w iliivs ut'trr til.' iurn !•< m|i, mil hIiiii it (■■m [intfl.' Cultivat'T The callivutor .■^h.)u!. I he i;in llirouL'li ilio rr.ii), sh.irtly flfttr any considrrable rain fall or al-..ut toi>i)od usually whun the corn i< so hijih as to hi.).- he h.irso and (!rivcr fn.tu view, hut .4.uuctinio<<, however, latpr cultivation will pay. 'I his will l,c the ca-.(' wh. :, a -ii|KT,il.undunco of \\(h^flry. Tiiia .should ho d.uie lir-t when the e.>ru i.s six or eip-ht ini'liis hi.j-h Tlip thiuninp; to eidit iuehre apait in the f.ws *hou!.l iveivc_ attention at tMs time. Plants should be cut d.-an nit to Pro\-..nfr sni'Lj-Tu pr.ttn*»ifF ..t» ...... Ill T ..4,^- u ...:n i.-i- ..-- 1 - r 1 1 • « 1 " '."",■", '^ , " ■ ■■; ■ ■■ '■"■■••'■ ■"■ '■-''"'" acvi.^ar.i,- to ..(^.uu n^, over tiiv ii.'l.i and remove any further weeds that may have e.ime up in the row3. As n'.rca.Iy s'atol, wlien n field is particularly dirty, it i.s advisable t.) sow in hills alel mmsmsBmMii:^^M}^m^m.m^Ms:a^. Vd tl.e oulilvat,,.-.. o,m tl.P,. 1,.. vv„rk..,l l,„tl, wnys. The .nu.-nit .,f hiuxl hociiife will in this M I'.V lillllll Enemies and Diseas<^(. The rorn .^n.p \n Caiuula is n-niarkably free from enemies nml diseases In mir ex|«'rieiice luT.s .•n)ws at seeding time and smut at caring time are about the only lr<'iilili< wnrtliy i.f note. rr,,„^.— 'I'he erou- Keuernliy iittacks the erop when tii-st the youns; plants shout thr.iujjh the s„il, or even .-nrlier. 'J'iiere are two etf.vtivo ways to ^lard against tliis Viiif-'eil i-n(>niy. Kir-t.— If eurn is to be planted by hand, the following ni.thod vill be fouml pfferliv. . ]mmer>e eon. for two or thr.'o minutes in water as hot as ean be borne by the hiuid. Dram water otT and whiK' .-till damp and warm add warm eoal tar at rate of half a eiiptul ]xr jralh.n of oorn. Thoroughly mix the corn and tar till every kernel I'as more or le>s tar on it. As a drier add a small amount of lime, plaster, "or even dry road on the field, take some corn, say two gallons, inore or Ic^s a.'eording to siz(. of field it is desired to protect and boil for about llii;-ty mniutc^ in water, just sufticient to cover corn and an inch to spare. To the vater ami corn, before boiling, add about i oz. of strychnine, or better still ,,f Ktryeli- iiine Mdphat.' for each f;allon <.f water. Allow the com to lie in the strychnine "and Avater over ni^lit. In the morning, drain off any water remaining and scatter the i(.ncil cmii ha-^ bi'en -cattcred thereon. Nothing practic.dilc c-an he dene to ,)rev<'nt ^mut, excepting possibly the gathering ond burying of afTci-tcd cars. When to Harvest. Corn will be r< ady to cut for forage or ensiloing when the grain or l>ernel is in the dough 6t4igc and has begun to glaze. If weather eondition.s are adverse, that is, cold and wet, it is often advisable to cut before this stage of maturity is reache.l. when f,,r any reason the crop is late maturing. Fro-t does not spoil the crop for either forage or ensilage, but the feeding valu.> is quite materially ]e-sened if the leave* and stalks ore badly frozen. Cutting '.iC Corn Spi-cial miichine-^ called cum harv.stcr.s are manufactured by various agricultural implement coinpanic.-. and. where considerable areas of corn are' grown, will be found liraclical and eceuomicaJ. The farmer who grow.s oidy a few acres wouhi not find it to Ids advantage to invest in such a machine. The corn may be cut with hand sickles of v.,riuii= (U^criptious or with hue.-. A man can cut from three-quarters of an acre to ill acre an-l a quart.-r in a tf:n-hour day, u>ing one of the above small tools. With the cum harvester, in ten hours, a man with a go-xl team ean cut from four to =ix acre-, iiccordiiig to condition of the corn. (See cut Xo. S.) Making and Preserving Dry Corn Fodder. Where no .-ilo is at hand to use in -luring ard preserving the corn, very sati-;fac- tor.^ MMiits njay be e.xpedcd by drying the croi) fur fall or winter use. To preservc'in ^^x of IU.M maclo „,.„.,, o,,,,, l,„f Hnnlv huiit sluK'k, tli,. I,,,,, l„i,„. 1 1, ,o«,.,l.,.r :::-.:!..;i :n ::^.':: '7s:..'!:;:;"n::. n.;"''' "■ '"' -" - ^"^^ ^ - •>-' "-> "> - If l,ar„ r„„,„ i, availahl,.. tlu-y ,„i;,ht bo hanlo.l in un,l M,,,-,,! ,.„ f„„ „f ,„„w. or •Lsewh.-ns .an. ho,,.. tak.M, t„ pla,v .1,..,,, er^.t a„,i „o, to ,.a..k to,, ti^.l • Z]hZ al-le, a fa,rly sat,sfa.-.,.,-v „la„ |. I., l,a„l t„ tl„. ,„.ar „..|.l,I,„u,.l,„.„l „f I. n,„H H, 1 Feeding Corn Fodder. The h..t ,..,.tl„„l ,.f f,..„|i, ,1,, ,.„,„ i^ „ ,„„ „„„„^|, ,,^ ., ,,^_.^^^^^,,^ ^1^^ ^^_^ ^^^^ to last a woik or ten ila' ...... .ill „„i,,. ,„..,„;■£„ ;:- :';::;,;: ™:/E ;;;;;'j:;r„:;.i;:';t — „ :sr ::;;itr::;,:;,,::;:,,s:,!r.:r^,:i ,;;::,,,:■:,!:-;;,:: - '■■ -' --; anti..ii>alo,i uhdi ilir |-,,raK<' i- f..,l lui.-ut. iiti-fa./tory rrsulti may he Ensiloing. 1 Ml- really Ihi; ticlil ill the ..■St «ay h, ,,,vs..rvo ..„.■„ .,„| .he uay lo u,t rl„. jrnatest r.t„r„s fn,„, >liapo „f f,„„l. ,s to .(or., it i„ i, >r,„„f ,il,,. ,s,,p ,.,„ _Vo 10 ) jf ,.i...-y or la,k.„f, n,a.,„-,ty wl„.„ ..„t,. i, is „ft.„ vv.!! t. lot it li. for a ,!av „r two hotw •ultinp an,! .■ns,l,„„^r. Tf vcy di-y ula-n .•iif. it i liicti,ii(s well whrii ,. 0(1, iisiliijnpr to onsh,,, ,-,s,. say o„o ,nll,.,, wnt.r t„ ,„„. foot i,. ,in.,„„f..n.„..o .f ,ho sifo at .a •. font i„ licipht „f ris,n(j i>iisila"c. It. any ra>(>, the con, shnuld half-inch Icnprtlis niul woll niix.'d. li.> cut int.. slicrt Ic-ll,,. tic- -hort.-i- th,. hcttcr s iv T, ■ „ , "'" '''"^"''■' ■*^'"' '!'< ^t'l'i^ •ohI cai-.- all the was' ' Tt ,s well also to tra,!,,. an.l Hi! ,„o,t carefully anMnal the walls. ' Ft is inipossil.lc to properly fill tiio silo at the .au top, allowed to settle for n few ;■ ''•'* <'""■ "l'*^' ^"rfaee ^honld 1„. nearly levelled, slightTv l„.d,er ,n the ,n,ddle ,t a„yth„,^. and well tra„„.d. If possible to p„t a few ^arnls of ^ on the surface. less waste may be anticipated. Particularly is this tr, If used freely around the wall. I p. lime. It sli„uld be filled to tho 111,. It is advisable to repeat this rue if the wafer The Cut Box. exist for culliiifr -n into the si],,, the <-h. Two distinct types of ,naehini elevator cut box and the blower. Tl,e chain elevator e,,t box will do salisfacto,-y work with ,nu,.h Ic-s power tlmu w,ll he blower henee ,.s the a.lvisable kind to buy for the n,an wl,„-e motive power is Mnall. A good two-horse t,-ead power will drive a fair size.l ..i,aiu elevator cut box at m<«lerate .y^vd a.,d ra,se the silage 30 feet. A very mueh greater power i. required to -Ir.ve a cut box of the blower type. Another reason in favour of the chain elcv.t. ■• type lor the farmer who must own his cut box is the Mualler ,-.umber of men renuliel to haudl.' It econounca.ly. However, where all the men and horses necrssa,.v cm, le ^^ft!smmiMss^m^^u^i:\'^MmLmM u counted nr-on and a powerful engine is available for driving, th-n the blower type of expeditiously than one of the eiiain elevator sort. order" n7 '7' T"' '""" ^'"V'''', ^ »«1^''" t'' '^^P «" maehinery in good runninR properly set '"""" ' ^''^ "^ ''^"""''"^ *'"' '''"* '""' '^"'^'^^ «'"»'P »"'' Using Ensilage The ensilage vvill of eour>,. nlwnys bo taken from the tnp when it is being fong to the wall, or into the bo,ly of the ensilage. Fro.en ensilage onee ,t is thawed out. is. however, quite as gocnl a. anv other nl.n^s^t'fn'TJ'^ fed direet to cattle just as it comes from the silo, but a better plan .. to add (0 the ensdage .n considerable amount, say 10 or 15 lbs. of cut hay or chaffed straw to 100 lbs, ensilage. If floor space is available for the purpose mixin' sufEc.en cut hay or chatT and cn.silage to Inst several ,!.,y, (?. or 4) wmTrov,; ^ be a very sat,sfa,..ory method of preparing fe.- . for cattle and a mothld th. theVw 1, reem to appr, vo. Any meal to be M sh,.„bl 1.- thrown on the mixture of straw a ' ensdage after .t ,s m the manger. Stir the whole n,a.. after sprinkling meTl \n ZlTd^r """'™' "'"'"' "" "''• "' ^"^'' " '"'^"- "^ --■='«« a"nd s aw or Rations Including Corn Ensilage. of linstock % , "r r";*'*"*' " -«"■''«'•'"--' - --tal'l- ^tion for anv ,C. Ja 1^ A •. ,T ^'"^ '"''^"' "" *'"""*' '^^''^' ^'^'"'^ ''^"" ""'1 --lover hay shouM be added. A suit.ible ration would liv— '">y ■ iir »„ or lu c»-,,.. I a L'.") to 35 ha, Straw or chaff , „ „ Clover hav ... Bran "■'. ^ .'.'.'.'.'.' ^ ^ f For dry cow: — Corn sili'ge. . . „ , Straw OtoGOlbs. Clover hav.. ..";. « 1" " Bran.. .... * "•^- 1 to 2 lbs. For cow in milk : - Corn fihige «'-- ;:: :; *;;^ ''''^^"'"^' '■''.:: 4tocibs. Meal miNfure: br.-.n, oats glul.u or oil-e.ko n.eal or cottonseed n.eal coual nar, One ,>o„nd meal to three or four pounds milk produced per diem. ^ ■^• For steers icinniiig over winter ri.OOO pounds weight) :— Corn silage ^r ,. . Straw. .... "'' f^ '■" "''• Clover h:,v. ■' ^" ^2 lbs. ■ i' to 4 lbs. iEaaa>i£g9iriiigMBiMi^ ir, Tor fiittniinsr sticrs (l/KM) pounds) :-- Corn silaxe r^ . /.^ n Straw.. . :.0tofiOH«. If«v "t" ""I- A. „, a, ,. 8 to (i ll):i. ivnal— Mrtr.iMK :it on,. |K),„i,I -„ „p to 10 llw. ,M-r diem. qna te; of 1,.M ti "";■'';""' "■' ":'"""" "f "■»• "-H- of tho last tl.reo equ, '. to ono- qiiarter ot tlip total wpi^rht of tl.c nu-nl nnxti.r.. wlion road.v to fml. Cost of growing One Ace Corn and putting same in Silo. !;'.""*-:' ''"^'- •.■■■• $-00 i)isc harrouniR. A diXy . o-; ir.irrowinjr. j ilay o r,^\ S..o,l. 20 ]|,s. nt 2 fOMts ,„.,• 11, '..'.'.'.'. I, jo' Plnntiiiff ,',1 (lay with team ,^ .,. HarrnwiiifT ami cultiviitinK (In lin.-i.. .. ■>'-,,[ Ifooiiifr, 15 il'iy^ " '. f'littinjf. } ilay, with toniii o ti'i ITaulinp. oiio (hiy. team ■< -~i' -Mm loadinfr, unlnadinp: aii.l fii-ilnih ■. :: :! ,v-.. T -|I) r.vo of powpr for fiittinp, &(• ,' „„ -^0 ot niacin 11' TV ami twino -j. To this mipht bo adi'fd if;.'! fur ronf -in,! *" ( .> „...* r ^.nld .a.e a total oost of ,inO. ;:L-a;: ^^/'^ ^^^l tXd": "^^ .^ Z "I U to 20 toas ons, hiKo ni.d>f ho ox,K.otod. .SiipfKi.inp nn avoraire orop ..v 1 ,n then one ton oorn in tho .^i!.,. roady to food. wn.,ld havo oo.t $^A Silo.?. Stavo .ilo. are . ntiivly ..aii.,fao,.„.y. Thoy should, howovor. ho vorv oarofullv ^::^X. "" ■■' ^ ' -' *• '"-'• '•' - "•'" -n ^- ^tt to troS^Tr'r'rTr '"■' ''r''''V""' "''''•" -''-■■-'->•• if «oIl I,„llt. Thoy will onst line walls ,houM he n.^od. ' '"'"'"'' '" ''"'"^^ '"• '^''^^^' Equipment. « Ur?T'°J^ ''''" ;';'"'"l';"\"^"'^^-^"->- '" -'^'^ ;•"■■ '■^•"> ^--Iti -athm nml on.il.in- .„ a larp-o soalo nn a < aiiadum farm. - Douhlo ouitivator « co no Siiiglo oiiHiv:itor r nn Torn harv, -to.. . .. ..■:.■■..■..■■.;•.:■.;•.;■.:•.;•.;■;; 1,000 r.n, I.hnvor or out l,.,x , ,^ ^^ ^■'""'^ "'"""" ncooo '''"*^^' $mfi~nn 8... ■!. .'quii m, nt n.ay ho oxpootod to lii.t 10 or 1.", yoar.. say i;? vonrs or $00 a voar Tho wholo on.t 1. hkoly to h,. ropaid in ah.o,t throe yonrs. The silo mifrht quite 00.. = : bly las-t 20 year?. ' figyiMi^;^^ Ifi 1. c Summary, nrii will H:r„w on ni.y w. 11 ,jn,ii„ ,1 „„,! wtll -. 'I'lioroiiuli M,il ,,ro :!. ('(,rii should ,i,,t h, liiauiii'i il -(.il. piiriiti,.!, i< iil,>(ihit.'lr r iioi'cssarv. ■■ip-'it, S iiichos \h'1 wi'cii )ihiiil< ill ilu' re tlinii r, ft. iipnrt ii, liil]-. IT It 111 ri>v- 4. S Dfi'CS^ill-v. i>\v varictltN .Miitalilc f,,r ,!i-,trict. V iirklics ih.it will luaturr f;iiilv w,|! "P li>M well fiiltiviit:,! aii.l free from wep.js. (>■ ( 'ut ill iloiifr], slaiT,.. T. Prc-erve ill ~il,i if |)os-ilii f-. Mi.s ilialT or (nit >tr nv wit'i .iiMli.go when fe- ci in ly-. m^:-t jt^-.'^^t'fe:? ':M^^mm ivir;c&Yi»M»^]^4i^"«^ lAi X,