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J IX 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 T ; > ' I %: vv : 1 ^■:-'-,'4¥^ ^as^ssss^ THE r"-^ "' LABRADOR .'»« ' g ' '^ : Missioiiaries PtTBIIfHED BY THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL SUNBAT AND ADULT SCHOOL SOriETT OF PHILADELPHIA. i J ^J v:- X " "if ♦ ■» * • PmtiDELPHIA: J. CRISST ASr»,fcs 600DMAS, rBIKTSBS. ^i^^^npmm ■■,.^'^' ««(. ;^*' i i J< i ADVERTISEMENT, The following narrative, written by the Rev. Mr. Latrobe, of the Moravian Church in London, to the Rev. Dr. J, of C. a clergy- man of the Church of England, contains a renpiarkable instance of the merciful preser- vation of the lives of two missionaries on the coast of Labrador. From one of them, Mr. L. had received an animated verbal report, and had the journal of the other before him lyhile he recorded the interesting event. i 1 # "4 ^IJl' "_!.. ___' _■* ■**" ^^^^WHPflii I \ 4i* ; I ■'Sk'- V > .#' { THE LABRADOR MISSIONARIES. ■I. ■1 : f :j i 'i. w The following is one instance^, among many in the history of the Mis- sions of the United Brethren, common- ly called Moravians, of that gracious interposition of the Lord, in behalf of his servants, by which, in all the nu- merous perils to which their calling exposes them, they are supported and encouraged. Brother Samuel Liebisch (now a member of the Elders^ Conference of the Unity) bdng at that time entrust- ed with the general care of the Bre- threns' Missions on the coast of Lab- rador, the duties of lis office required a f isit to Okkak« the moit northern of *- A\ ''^% 1^ m^m 8 m\r settlements, and about one hundred and fifty English miles distant from Kain, the place where he resided. Brother William Turner being ap- pointed to accompany him, they left Nain on March the 11th, 1782, early in the mornir g, with very clear weath- er, the stars shining with uncommon lustre. The sledge was driven by the baptised Esquimaux Mark, and another sledge with Esquimaux join- ed company.* * An Esquimaux sledge is drawn by a spe- cies of dogs not unlike a wolf in shape. Like them, they never bark, but howl disagreeably. They are kept by the Esquimaux in greater or larger packs or teams, in proportion to the affluence of the master. They quietly sub- mit to be harnessed for their work^ and are treated with little mercy by the heathen Es- quimaux, who make them do hard duty for the small quantity of food they allow them. ..►• ^ ( . I I f X. k \ 9 To return to our travellers: the two sledges contained five men, one woman, and a child. All were in good spirits, and appearances being much in their favour, they hoped to reach Okkak ia safety in tvj^o or three days. ' The tra.ck over the frozen sea was in the best possible c and they went with ease at the .six or seven miles an hour. Afte* . ;y had passed ' the islands in thie bay of Nain, theyi"^ kept at a considerable distance fr>m the •i I ) This consists chiefly in offal, old skins, en- trails, such parts of whale-flesh as are unfit 1 for other use, rotten whale-fins, &c. and if j they are not provided with this kind of dogs' meat, they leave them to. |j^*and seek dead | fish or muscles u|idn the beaci^,.. When pinch- I ed with hunger, they will swallow almost any thing, andpn a journey it is necessary to se- cure the harness within the snovv-house over- ssgut, icasi b^ devouring it, tbej should rcn- i » ( ! 10 coast, both to gain the smoothest part of the Ice, and to weather the high rocky promontory of Kiglapeii. About eight o'clock they met a sledge with Esqui- der it impossible to proceed in the morning. When the trairiellcrs arrive at their night- quarters, and the dogs are unharnessed, they are left to burrow in the snow, where they please, and in the morning are sure to come at Itbeir drivers' call, when they receive some food. Their strength and speed, even with an hungry stofiiach, is astonishing. In fastening them to the sledge, care is taken not to let thenar go abreast. They are tied by separate thongs, of unequal lengths, to an horizontal bar on the forepart of the sledge ^ an old knowing ottlieads tfie way running ten or twenty paces a-head, duseot^d \^ the driver's whip, which is of great fength and can only be well managed by an Esquimaux. The other dogs follow like a flock of sheep/ Ume of them receives a Ia«h, he generally bites his neigh- muTy and toe bite goes round/ T * \ •f 11 > \ After maux turning ia from the s the usual salutations, the Esquimaux alighting, held some conversation, as is their general practice, the result of which was, that some hints were thrown out by the strange Bj^^aimaux, that it might be as well to return. However, as the Missionaries saw no reason whatever for it, and only sus- j pected that the Esquimaux wished t^ enjoy the company of their friends P ! little longer, they proceeded. After' some time, their own Esquimaux hint- j ed that there was a ffround-swell un- 1 ..1 der the ice. It wag then hardly per- 1 ceptible, except on lying down and applying the ear close to the ice, wheii a hollow disagreeably grating and! roaring noise was heard, as if ascend- ing from the abyss. The weather re- 1 mained clear, except towards the East, rf f\ g^ A •mmg^ mM XjMtk\j%.t. .¥ 12 iuterspersed -ith some dark streaks, f ut the wind being strong from the Horth-west, nothing less than a sud- den change of weather was expected. The sun bad now reached its height, and there was as yet little or no alteration in the appearance of the sky. But the motion of the sea un- der the ice had grown more percepti- ble, so as rather to alarm the travel- ?ers, andihey began to think it pru- ^ent to keep closer to the shore. The Ice had cracks and large fissures in many places, some of which formed diasmsof one or two feet wide,- but as they are not uncommon even in its best state, and the dogs easily leap over them, the sledge following without danger, they are only terrible to new- icomers. I As soon as the sun declined to- wards the west, the wind increased i. 18 and rose to a storm, the bank of clouds from the East hegan to ascend and the dark streaks to put themselves in motion against the wind. Th. snow was violently driven about by partial whirlwinds both on the ice and from off the peaks of the high mountains and filled the air. At the same time the ground-swell had increased so much, that its effect upon the ice be- came very extraordinary and alarm- ing. The sledges, instead of gliding along smoothly upon an even surface, sometimes ran with violence after the dogs, and shortly after, seemed with difficulty to ascend the rising hill, for the elasticity of so vast a body of ice, of many leagues square, supported by a troubled sea, though in some places three or four yards in thickness, would, in some degree, occasion an nndulatory motion, not unlike that of 2 ""Siau.-" ■"»•■» - i i i i li s i f' no h tl d 14 a sheet of paper accommodating itself to the surface of a rippling stream. Noises were now likewise distinctly heard in many directions, like the re- port of cannon, owing to the bursting of the ice at some distance. The Esquimaux therefore drove with all haste toward the shore, in- tending to take up their night-quar- ters on the south side of the Uivak. But as it plainly appeared that the ice would break and disperse in the open sea, Mark advised to push forward to the North of Uivak, from whence he hoped the track to Okkak might still remain entire. To this proposal the company agreed, but when tlie sledges approached the coast, the pros- pect before them was truly terrific- The ice having broken loose from the rocks, was forced up and down, grind- ing and breaking into a thousand > i > i. i 15 pieces against the, precipices with a . tremendous noise, which, added to the raging of the wind and the snow driv- ing about in tlie air, deprived the travellers almost of the poM'er of hear- ing and seeing any thing distinctly. To make the land, at any risk, was now the only hope left, but it was with the utmost difficulty the^ frightened dogs could be forced forward, the whole body of ice sinking frequently below the surface of the rocks, then rising above it. As the only moment to land.was that, when it gained the level of the coast, the attempt was extremely nice and hazardous. However, by God's mercy, it succeeded; both sled- ges gained the shore, and were drawn up the beach with much difficulty. The travellers had hardly time to reflect with gratitude to God on their is. It: f I V 16 whicli they had just now made good their landings burst asunder, and the water forcing itself from below<^ cover- ed and precipitated it into the sea. In an instant, as if by a signal given, the whole mass of ice er^tendiog for seve- ral miles from the coast, and as far as ther eye could reach, began to burst and to be overwhelmed by the im- mense waves. The sisht was tremen- dous and awfully grand, the large fields of ice raising themselves out of the water, striking against each other and plunging into the deep, with a violence not to be described, and a noise like the discharge of innumerable batteries of heavy guns. The dark- ness of the night, the roaring of the wind and sea, and the dashing of the waves and ice against the rocks filled the travellers with sensations c^ dwe and horror^ so as almost to deprive > \ i ^ w -.M > < i >, 17 them of the power of utterance. They stood overwhelmed with astonishment at their miraculous escape, and even the heathen Esquimaux expressed gratitude to God for their deliverance. The Esquimaux now began to build a sno>v-house about thirty paces from the beach; but before they had finished their work, the waves reached the place where the sledges were se- cured, and they were with difficulty saved from being washed into the sea. , About nine o'clock all of them crept into the snow-house, thanking God for this place of refuge; for the wind was piercingly cold and so vio- lent, that it required great strength to be able to stand against it. Before they entered this habita- lion, they could not help once more turning to the sea, which was now ftee from ice, and beheld with horror. ■fii lb r i" itj ■ i i 18 mingled with gratitude for their safe- ty, the enormous waves, driving furi- ously before the wind, like huge cas- tles, and approaching the shore where, with dreadful noise, they dash- ed against the rocks, foaming, and fill- ing the air with the spray. The whole company now got their supper, and having sung an evening hymn in the Esquimaux language, lay down to rest abo^t ten o'clock. They lay so close, that if any one stirred, his neighbours were roused by it. The Esquimaux were soon fast asleep, but Brother Liebisch could not get any rest, partly on account of the dread, ful roaring of the wind and sea, and partly, owing to a sore throat, which ga,ve him great pain. Both Mission- aries were also much engaged in their minds in contemplating the dangerous situation into which they had been ^ < i I k t U "*'*^~^Kirr!Z«j . r ■»»»{»-— '»-—!».-. / { 'i -Vi 19 brought, and amidst all thankfulness for their great deliverance from im- mediate death, could not but cry unto the Lord for his help in this time of need. The wakefulness of the Mission- aries proved the deliverance of the whole party from sudden destruction. About two o^cloek in the morning, Brother Liebisch perceived some salt water to drop from the roof of the snow-house upon his lips. Though rather alarmed on tasting the salt, wbich could not proceed from a com- mon spray, he kept quiet, till the same dropping being more frequent- ly repeated, just as he was about to give the alarm, on a sudden a tremen-^ ous surf broke close to the house, dis- charging a quantity of water into if; a second soon followed and carried away the slab of snow^ r{inri^A tf-l -X li 20 iloor before the entrance. The Mis- sionaries immediately called aloud to the sleeping Esquimaux, to rise and quit the place. They jumped up in an instant, one of them with a large knife cut a passage through the side of the house, and each siezing some part of ^i the baggage, it was thrown out upon a higher part of the beach, Brother Turner assisting the Esquimaux. Brother Liebisch and the woman and child fled to a neighbouring eminence. The latter were wrapt up by the Es- quimaux ill a large skin, and the for- mer took shelj|Aehind a rock, for it was impossible'to stand against the M'ind, snow, and sleet. Scarcely had the company retreated to the eminence, when an enormous wave carried away the whole house; but nothing of con- sequence was lost. They now found themselves a se- i i L k (il I < .i t X ^ 21 conil time delivered from the most im- minent dangerof death, but the remain- ing part of the night, before the Es- quimaux could seek and find another more safe place for a snow-house, were hours of great trial to mind and body, and filled every one with pain? ful reflections. Before the day dawn- ed, the Esquimaux cut a hole into a large drift of snow, to screen the wo- inan and child, and the two mission^ aries. Brother Liebisch however could not bear the closeness of the air, and was obliged to sit dowp at the entrance, where the Esquimaux covered him with skins, to keep him warm, as the pain in his throat was very great. As soon as it was light, they built another snow-house, and miserable as such an accommodation is at all times, they were glad and thankful to creep i-_j. iiiio it. XI was about eignt ieet square it! t ^2 and six or seven feet high. They now congratulated each other on their deliverance, but found themselves in very bad plight. The Missionaries had taken but * a small stock of provisions with them, merely sufficient for the short journey to Okkak. Joel, his wife and child, and Kassigiak the sorcerer, had noth- ing at all. They were therefore oblig- ed to divide the small stock into dai- ly portions, especially as there ap- peared no hopes of soon quitting this place and reaching any dwellings. Only two ways were left for this pur- pose, either to attempt the land-pas- sage across the wild and unfrequented mountain Kiglapeit, or * wait for a new ice track, over the set which it might require much time to form. They therefore resolved to serve out no innt»A iVt / y i X ^-^ vi*«ii M. Miotuii, aiiu a [mil per il y ir n i > i. ;33 man per day. But as this would not by any means satisfy an Esquimaux's stomach, the Missionaries offered to give one of their dogs to be killed for them, on condition, that in case dis- tress obliged them io resort again to that expedient, the next dog killed should be one of the Esquimanx's team. They replied, that they should be glad of it, if they had a kettle to boil flie flesh in, but as that was not the case, they must even suffer hun- ger, for they could not, eVen now, eat dogs' flesh in its raw state. The Mis- sionaries now remained in the snow- house, and every day endeavoured to boil so much water over their lamp, as might serve them for two dishes of eoffee a-pieee. Through mercy, they were preserved in good health, and Brother Liebisch quite unexpectedly reGovered on the first day of his sore» ■%-'-w* ^ 9' :■, ] W f 'tj; !»l t) ! . 1 ! 24 throat. The Esquimaux also kept up their spirits, aud even the rough hea- then Kassigiak declared, that it was im- proper to be thankful, that they were still alive, adding, that if they had re- mained a very little longer upon the ice yesterday, all their bones would have been broken to pieces in a short time. He had, however, his heels frozen^ and suffered considerable pain. In the evening, the Missionaries sung an hymn with the Esquimaux, and con- tinued to do it t. if f morning and even- ing. TheLora was present with them and comforted their hearts by his pi tee. Towards noon of the thirteenth, ihe weather cleared up and the sea was seen, as far as the eye could reach> quite freed from ice. Mark and Joel went up the hills to reconnoitre, and returned with the disagreeable news;^ that not a morsel of ice was to be seen, even from thence, in any direction, and > % > I < 4 ) k < 25 that it had even been forced away froia the coast at Nnasornak. They were therefore of opinion, that we could do nothing but force our% ay across the mountain Kiglapeit. 1 0-day Kassigiak complained much of hunger, probably to obtain frohi the Mij»sionaries a larger "orlion than the common allowance. They represented to him, that they had no more themselves, and reproved him for his impatience. Whenever the victuals were distributed, he always swallowed his portion very greedily, and put out his hand for what he saw the Missiona- ries had left, but was easily kept from any further attempt by serious reproof. The Esquimaux eat t^' day an old sack made of fisli-skiri, which proved indeed a- dry and miserable , dish. While they were at this singular meal, im kept repeating, i„ a low hum- •*,.«--a^-'%i/ irilMii I - ~ P f u u i s: tl iij Mi, f 1 \4 i c ! 1 1 ' i 1 1 i 26 ming tone, ^^ You were a sack but a little while ago^ and now you are food for us/^ T^^^^S^ evening some flakes of ice were discovered driving towards the coast, and on the fourteentii, in the morning, the sea was covered with them. But the weather was again very strong, and the Esquimaux could not quit the snow-house, which njade the^n very low spirited and melancho- ly, Kassigiak suggested, that it would be well '' to attempt to make good weather,'' by which he meant, to practise his art as a sorcerer, to make the weather goods. The Missionaries opposed it and told him, that his heathenish practices were of no use, but that the Wfeatlier would become fa- vourable a soon as it should please God. Kassigiak then a?ke J* ^whether Jesus (xm\d make ffood, weather.'' He was told, that to Jesu¥ was given all >l c >1 i ►3. > 1 1 >ii i i power in heaven and earth, upon which he demanded, that he should be applied to. Another time he said, ^^ I shall tell my countrymen at Seg- lek enough about you, how well you bear this misfortune The Mission- aries replied, <^ Tell them that in the midst of this affliction, we placed our only hope and trust in Jesus Christ our Saviour, who loves all mankind, and has shed bis blood to redeem them from eterna,l misery,'^ To-day, the Esquimaux began to eat an old, filthy and worn-out skin, which had served them for a mat- trass. On the fifteenth the \ rather con- tinned extremely boisterous, and the Esquimaux appeared every now and then to sink under disappointment. But they possess one good quality, namely, a power of going to sleep *N»««-g|fc,-'->5i^. "5»* "^ N t 28 when they please, and, if need be, they will sleep for days and nights together. ^ In the evening, the sky became clear, and their hopes revived. Mark and Joel went out to reconnoitre, and brought word, that the ice had acquir- ed a considerable degree of solidity, and might soon be fit for use. The poor dogs had meanwhile fasted for near four days, but now, in the pros- pect of a speedy release, the Mission- aries allowed to each a few morsels of food. The temperature of the air hav- ing been rather mild, it occasioned a new source of distress, for by the warm exhalations of the inhabitants, the roof Qf the snow- house got to be in a melt- ing state; which occasioned a continu- al dropping, and by degrees made every thing soaking wet The Mis- sionaries report, that they considered > ^ $■«' \ L-# { 29 this the greatest hardship they had to endure, for they had not a dry thread about (hem, nor a dry place to lie down in. On the l6th, early, the sky cleared, but the fine particles of snow were driven about like clouds, Joel and Kassigiak resolved to pursue tlieir journey to Okkak, by the way of Nu- asornak, and set out, with the wind and snow full in their faces. Mark could not resolve to proceed farther north, because, in his opinion, the vio- lence of the wind had driven the ice oflF the coast at Tikerarsuk, so as to render it impossible to land: but he thought he might proceed to the south with safety, and get round Kiglapeit. The Missionaries endeavoured to per- suade him to follow the above-men- tioned company to Okkak, but it was in vain: and thev did not feel at libertv 3* ^ *" *-^ -**%!;-'>--«■ 30 to insist upon it, not being suflBciently acquainted with the circumstances. Their present distress dictated the ne- cessity of venturing something to reach the habitations of men, and yet they were rather afraid of passing over the newly frozen sea under Kiglapeit, and could not immediately determine what to ^.0. Brother Turner therefore went again with Mark to examine the ice, aiid both seemed satisfied that it would hold. They therefore came at last to a resolution to return to Naid, and commit themselves to the protection of the Lord. On the 17th, the wind had consider- ably encreased, with heavy showers of snow and sleet/but they set oif at half p&st ten o'clock in the forenoon. Mark ran all the way round Kigla- peit, before the sledge, to find a good track, and about one o'clock, throiikh >l < ** A< > < > '< i 31 Grod^s mercy, they were out of danger aud reached the bay. Here they found a good track upon smooth ice, made a meal of the remnant of their provi- sions, and got some warm coffee. Thus refreshed, they resolved to proceed, without stoppijg, till they reached Nain, where they arrived at twelve o'clock at night. The brethren at Naiii rejoiced exceedingly to see them return, for by several hints of the Els- quimaux, who first met them going out to sea, and wlio then, in their own obscure way, had endeavoured to warn them of the danger of the ground- swell, but had not been attended tO; their fellow-missionaries, and espe- cially their wives had been much ter- rified. One of these Esquimaux, whose wife had made some article of dress for Brother Liebisch, whom they cali- co r1 ffi a wi "^ '^'«< rs^*w*jiA V* v» i-ickl atf1rlt»AcaAH liia vi/ 1 r A irk fit A ill ' 'I' I ■-■I M 32 I ; foMowing^manner:—" I should be glad of the payment for my wife's work.'* *< Wait a little," answered Sister Lie- biseh, « and when my husband re- " turns, he will settle with you, for 1 " am unacquainted with the bargain '' made between you." « Samuel and " William," replied the Esquimaux, " will not return any more to Nain." " How, not return! What makes you " say so!" After some pause, the Esquimaux replied in a low tone, " Samuel and William are no more! "all their bones are broken, and in " the stomachs of the sharks." Ter- rified at this alarming account, Sister Liebisch called in the rest of the fami- ly, and the Esquimaux was examined as to his meaning; but his answers were little less obscure. He seemed so certain of the destruction of the Missionaries, that he was xvUh Aim V ^ 1 fHfe > K :,is;iii. ^ ^ V * \ K 33 Gulty prevailed on to wait some firae for their return. He could not believe that they could have escaped the ef- fects of so furious a tempest, consider- ing the course they were taking. It may easily be conceived, wftfi what gratitude to God the whole fami- ly at Nain bid them welcome. During ^ the stornu they had considered with some dread, what might be the fate of their Brethren, though at Nain its vi- olence was not felt as much as on a coast, unprotected by any islands. Added to this, the hints of the Esqui- maux had considerably increased their apprehensions for their safety, *and their fears began to get the better of their hopes. All therefore joined most fervently in praise and thanks- giving to God, for this signal delive**- ance. U^^,^ Ai..^.- 1 J JL Have inas lepe^icu lu ^uu^ as Uf- % •Id i !l N 34 cumstantially as my memory and the few documents I possessed would permit, the story of the escape of these two valuable men: and hope I have omitted no material circumstance. 1 he only thing in which I am uncer. ^m, relates to the person to whom the Esquimaux addressed himself in the last conversation, whether to Sister Turner, or Sister Liebisch; but that will appear of little moment. 1 quo. ted it from Brother Liebisrh's narra- tive, to give a specimeft of the Esqui- maux manners, they do not like to speak out upon cMsagreeable subjects, nor ever fairly contradict the person they are addressing; and, in general, i are very reserved. y THE END. ■ jii'yt i iiM. ^A I V ■J ■ y »J I