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•jg ^iyw r MwaP hywr^g ' 
 
 <L^ 
 
 
 MINERALS OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 WITH DESCRIPTIONS, AND SIMPLE TESTS FOR DETERMINING TH^ SPECIES, 
 
 
 BY ti. F. MATfllEW, M. A, 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 As we look around us on the objects of nature we soon learn to distiuguisli three 
 classed— the anlmah, the jdants, and the roch, earth and water which compose the 
 visible substance of the earth. These three classes of objects constitute tlie three 
 Kingdoms of Nature. 
 
 If we take an object be'iaging to one of these classes, as for instance, a stone, 
 and compare it with other stones, we soon notice that all stones are not alike ; 
 there will be dillerences of color, of hardness, uf size, &c., in the paitieles of wl.ich 
 the several stones are com[)Osed. I'orhaps the stone we are examining will be 
 found .0 consist of grains of three different kinds ; one of wliich, of a dark color, 
 has shiniu" or pearly surfaces; aimtlK-r kind is f!esh-coh)red or white, with la'ight 
 reflections fn>ni cert in sides of the grains ; and the third kind seems Uko grains 
 of dirty grey glass : on inijuiry we ascertain that this stone is called <jranit<'. 
 Armed with the foregoing observations on its ch.aracter. Me arrive at the conclusion 
 that granite is not a simple mineral substance, but an aggregate of tliruc dilferent 
 kinds, each of which has unvarying characters peculiar to itself. It is the prov- 
 ince of mineralogy to describe the appearance and properties of the dillerent simple 
 mineral substances, of which granite and other rocks are composed, so as to make 
 their determinatiou easy and certain. Each of the substances of which this 
 science treats, having properties peculiar to itself, and, within certain limits unvary- 
 ing, is called a species; and it is to give an elementary knowledge ^ such of these 
 species as are found in New Brunswick, that the following pages ^^repared. 
 
 The [ilaii followed in the arrangement of 'he following lisi, of spi«Mp| Prof. J. 1). 
 Dana's adaptation of the systems of Berzelius and Hose. ThWli|se elements 
 occurring uncon\bined and the more simple mineral species are deseriB^d lirst, and 
 then those of a more complex composition. A description of its more iiromi- 
 nent characteristics fofibws the name of each species, and simple tests are given, 
 by the use of which it is believed that most of the minerals met with in New Bruns- 
 wick can be determined. The characters of the species are arranged in the fol- 
 lowing order : — 
 
 1 . The CryMalUneform. Each mineral species has a fundamental type of crystal 
 to which all its varying forms (in some cases (piite numerous) can bo referred. 
 These types arc six in nundwr. 
 
T. M> 
 
 oilo)))' n'l 
 
 11U 
 
 MINKRALS OF NKW lUU'NSW K K. 
 liidiiiii t\w<-iilw (1). aiul iU,Tiv:vtivc fonii 
 
 a siu'li !if! tlio vt'ijuhw 
 
 (olii'iimii {'!). ail 
 
 OCIOIII" I 
 
 I] anil the rlioinhir (Inilcnilinlroii (o). 
 
 IT. l>;n.tr;.: MU.1. crystals a. hav. the ri.jl. .7""'-" l"i^"> («)' '"• ^^'^ '"/"'"•" '"■'^■ 
 /«, /row (.")), for their iiriiuaiy torni. 
 
 TIT 7V;.../r/'', siuh as arc .lerive.l from tlie r!.,,hf r,rtuw,r,h,r (<■-). au.l the r.jl.t 
 rh' '■'hie prisms (7K nr the rhoiuhic ortnh,,/nu, (^). 
 
 IV. .)/„.<„■/;.;,■ forms aerive<l fn.1,1 the n,!.> rl.nnh,.i,l.J (<)), ami .A//-/'- >-ho,.1uc 
 prisms ^ll)). , , , ,, • c 
 
 V. 7V;.//.,V uicliul.s crystals whicli have tlie ././/v'"' /•A.^/'-././ (11) pn.-m for 
 tlair primary form. , , , , ,,.m 
 
 VI. i:i,..„M,.'lr,i! inelmles the h.ra.u.al i-rism (l-J'l an.l tlie rhouM.nlrou (lo). 
 
 /3 /Ti-vwiv'"'** 
 
 The skeli'ton tit.'in 
 
 * *i 1... ...1 ,,rtlircnf the ervstalliiie forms besides 
 
 '\ircs riMireseiit tlie lia-ai oiaiUit 01 tm.. <.'.> 
 
 ;::;::,!"^£':i;;:u;:i's::v;: ;;.;";. rr;... «ui..n, i.... i.. t«..i..« .1.. 
 
 eonimou minerals. , .■ i i . .,,.„ „,,f -.Ui-ivs to be luul. Chap- 
 
 ' ' easily to the Kiiile. 
 
 :il'l;. ■.•...,, It., t.. till' Ullltl!. 
 
 (ije of a tile. 
 
 '> ..N>'t aeraieiieu o.) a >,.'1'1" ■. , , i.,,;r., 
 
 r, SeratchcH gias« feebly. N uh s ^^^'■^''y,^"^''; '^"'' . . .„:,-, 
 t; Seratehes glass ea.ily. Viehls with a.meii It y '"^^'^^^ 
 7 Does not yiehl to the k.ute. V lehls with .liHic ulty to the 
 S <t 10 Haider than tliiit or roek crystal (No. /). 
 
-^<e^fif^mmi!imKmif 
 
 imi^imWM'V^ W ■ ' WBwn^ 
 
 lirr'"**- 
 
 r.nXKRAT.S (IF NKW UHUNSWICK. 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 V 
 
 le 
 
 a 
 
 I'S 
 
 re 
 
 I'- 
 
 lie 
 
 tlu'ii ill water, ami divi.liii- tlie weight in air 1)y the dillereiuK! lietweeii tiic wei-ht 
 in water ami tliat ill air. ... . r i 
 
 Symmyin'^ inxl eliciiiieal eoiiiiinsitidu of eaeh .s|)ecieH i.s given on tiie line iieiie.ith 
 thai on wliieli the aliove eharaeters are iiidieated ; ami then 
 
 4. !,//i,-r j'ln/sir,il /,rnj„r'!':s. As Liiwtre, I'olor, Streak, iiefraetion, riio.siihore.s- 
 een'ce, MaL'i.e'ti.-'iiu \c. "Streak" is the color of aiiniieral wliere it is serateiied. 
 rhospiioreseence is oliserv ed in the dark in eertain niineralH when tluy are jilaeed 
 on ii reddiot iron. Magnetism is oK.<i'rvah!t! in some coiiiiioii.ids of iron, aii<l the 
 assays of others when ealcined. To te.st tiiis (luality a small magnet is n.'iiuired. 
 
 cli-andjc is the property wliicli many minerals liave of spiittin,:; in certafn direc- 
 tions, i'lie planes aloiii,' which they split are called chiava^^'e plaiie.s. 
 
 Si'cflli:- \ inineial is sectile wlieii it may he cut hy a knife without cnimhlinj,'. 
 \Viatli<rlii,l is tiie change whieli takes place hy the decMimpositioii of the surface 
 of a rock or niineral from Ioiil,' expo-^ure to the atiiioK])here and rains. 
 
 Miilhiihlr. \ mineral is so' deserihed when it may he l)eaten out with a hannner 
 
 withont breaking. 1,1^^ 1 
 
 ."). Jir/iiir!iuir Ill-fore tlic lilotrjnj,!'. This is one of the most valuable tests and 
 involves the use of certain acee.s.sories. He.sides the hlowpipe itself, which may he 
 of very simple construction, an oil or spirit lamp (not paraUine), cliare(>al and 
 i)!atiniiin forceps aiv n'(!nired. And a few inches of tine iilatiiuiin wire is desiralde 
 for test iiig with lliixes. smh as horax and soda (carhonate). The end of the wire 
 should lie" formed into a small ring or loop which is to he lilled with the broken 
 or iH.wdered llux, and this melted to a clear bead heh.re the blowi-ipe. A\ hen tiie 
 
 mineral is jiowdered the heated borax-bead will if applied 
 to the powder, pick uj) as much of it as may l)e reipured. 
 Two other lluxes may occasionally be rei[uired— salt or 
 j.hosphonis. tor trying chlorids and iluorids, and silica to 
 u-e with s(.da in testing sulphates. 
 
 Tiie cone of llame prodme.l by the bh>wpipe in blow- 
 ing tliroiigh the tlanie of a lani)) or eanclie consists ot two 
 parts, the inner eoiie or n-iliii-iini llame of a blue cohu', and 
 the outer or oxydating llame of a yellow color. The hottest 
 ]i:irt of the cone is just at the tip of the blue tiaine. 
 'I'n te^t the ].resenc(! of water or volatile matter, the mineral should be lie.atcd 
 in -i ulasstube or vial about three or f.mr inches hmg and as large as a goi>.se ipuU. 
 The llame sh<mM be diivctrd against the outside of the tube beneath the as.^ay, 
 and the water or vol; Ule matter will con.lense in the upper part ot the tubo. 
 
 The initials " ii. !'..'" used in the description ot species in 
 the following li.st signities "Before the Blowpipe" : — 
 
 (1. I'he .lc//o/M'/"l-lc/'/y. Acids are used to distinguish cor- 
 
 l'.ln"i'iiit' ill use. 
 
 tain minerals, as rarhuiuili'' 
 
 The acid for testing 
 
 fol- 
 ieii 
 md 
 
 fdi.iuld be diluted with an equal (|uaiitity of water, 
 
 and the mineral slumld be coarsely powdered and 
 
 droj.ped intuit, wlieii bul)bles of gas will arise, ]iro- 
 
 ciiig an etleet caileil cjIrrri'M-i'iKr. 
 
 Aiiuther elVeetof the action of acids is the formation 
 
 . a /(//(/. In this exiierimeiit sfroiin acid is used. 
 
 he powdered mineral is dropped into a small quan- 
 
 titv of the acitl placed in a glass tube and alter a 
 
 wllile a jelly-like mass is formed. Most minerals 
 
 of the Zic'li/i' /(unihj (No. .'vS 47) undergo this 
 
 change (gelatiiiize) in acid. The acids used are 
 
 nitric, nrariatic and sulphuric. 
 
 7. ( 'ha,,mnus ToU, for ,lrtrr>nl,ilw, M;,nr,>l-<^^a,>pli,:l to //us Catahujae. 
 AS.M..T Mkt.vm.m'.- //./n/ nmio/h to .rn,'rh |/A^v.^■ (common window glass): 
 
 Color laght brass yellow. 1-'. (See number preceding name i>f species 
 
 in the" following catalogue (U- list). 
 t'olor-Tin white or silver wliite. K?. 
 
 Color-Stoel grey, black, or brown. H>*, '20, "^':^^:^'_r:L_ "• 
 .' V„ikii..s ,.l tlM. s.ii.irTninoml «ill b..' loi.na iu JillVni.t poits of the Trtblc 
 
^ MlNKliALS OK NKW HUrXSVYICK. 
 
 MivU.'ul.U" or .Im-tilo. 1, ::. 
 
 Yu l.lin- to tho nail. : ' "'.'t' "''m 10 11 IT. •Jl2 
 
 ,.,,.... No;-MKr.u..r (.tony, glassy, ^-) -'/''';''-''''' '^:;'':;f-f':::' ,, :u. 
 
 :i(r. 
 
 il, .'o. 
 
 lucomlmstihlo, streak color.-l. l.\ -*», -1". -'" -^ '' ' ' 
 
 VioUliiii; to tin; nail. ;J7'', o<>. :^"'- .., 
 
 l.^fVovv. "i. 'ill" stroutilv 1" '■"'''' 'l^'""^' . , , -1 
 
 l^vSclnS f-l'i;- -''-^'' ''"^ -"^'^''>- '" ^"* '""^" 
 J-usiblf. 7, 4<t. 
 Infusible, 1>, 111, ■'(>, .">•'. , „ , 
 
 InconamsfUc Streak ^\ut..-Y!.Uh>., u-afer !ntheln,lh tnhe: 
 
 ^•i.],lM,.^ traee. only, or a very s.n.li amount ot ^vater, .U.>, .50, .... 
 Yiel.linl;- a eonsi.leralile amount ot water. 
 
 H U. Kn^'e-* on tlie e.l-es with .Uiiieulty. 'M, '^l- 
 
 ]•,'•, iv;loliates< and ernml'K.s. .iL 
 
 lU',. I'uses easily. T.S. :V.), 4."., 4i). 
 
 i). i). InUisi'ile. 4S. 
 
 NATIVE KLKMKN'I'S. 
 T tr o.- •?.(• IV,;- IM-.V- Color uol.len yellow. Seetile. Mai- 
 
 Um.I in jewelry, eoina,:e, &e. o ,;, , M-Ule-ible 
 
 T ir .,.- .J. (• -S-')'.t t'oloreouperreil. Neetile. Maiu.une. 
 2. C.il'rKI!.— T. Il --'2 .: -.i , I- -f> •' ^; ' I , . i,„„j,,,.s(.,l in tiie solution 
 
 Dissolves in nitric acid, -''^^l^'V^^nd . ' y a it^J S n.on Itiver, St. .lohn 
 It l-eeon.cH coated with eoi;]-'!'- ^/l ,f' ^ ^n "i Tlu tttc County. Thi« was the 
 County, and at < lark s IN.nt '^""^ ' " '^ „ .^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ region before the dise„yery 
 
 :;?1 ■:::iSl":nVS^.^1>™;3;Vl;- .;- '^^^^^ -l>o.'u.r. .here there are yery 
 lar;^e dei,u.its .....^.-., ,.-, Color blaek to dark brown. ( ombustible. 
 
 B t Sl^i^" n;^nni^:;:e; theln^ral .mpurit.es called '^Ash.-Tl.e vanet.es 
 
 --^:,. ...... or HaM coal 'rhiso^ 
 
 :-:s;::sSt,uriL:;fcti.\ouebountU-^K. 
 
 ,,.,...0,. Co./. carbon with .0 tu .iO J^r ce.U^ of^ lutui.u.. and ^ to „0 pe. 
 cent, of "Ash.--()t this tin re are .cNcial kiucH, M/.. 
 
 1-1 1 +,. 1i.. wtirrcil to helu eombustio... Milt- 
 
 Queens County. 
 
MINERALS OF NEW nRUNSWKIv. 
 
 3r 
 
 •M. 
 
 ¥■ 
 
 (%rni nr l)r>/('u<i!. Hiin.H mure rapidly tbaii the l.iHt ami \ :thout cftkui},'. 
 TlH) i)cst «(.rt coal for chme stovus ami furnaciH.— Minetl at hi>ringliill, >. 
 
 '< 'mnMl Co'il. (.'omi)act ir. texturi-. glin.incring luHtre, conchoi.lal fracture, 
 iin.l receives a «oo.l ,H.li,sli. r«e.l for making gas (and formerly for oil.) 
 Occurs at Caleiloiiia, All)ert County. 
 ,V. Alhn-f!/'; or All.ert Coal, lias mauy of the vn-pertiea of l.itumen or 
 „,in..ntl pit.!.. It is very pun , with only -' per eeut of a.sh. au.l >s use. 
 i,. then.,uu.faetureof L'as. Mined at HiUsl.orouuh, Alhert (ounty. Has 
 mine is Miore than l(KM) feet deep, au<l lias lately been cloHe<l. 
 I',„f Is a coMihustil.le mineral in Mhieii the process of conversion into 
 coal has hegun l>y the decay of vegetahle matter. It is tound m many 
 localities in mossy bogs and h.w marshy land, 'lorrylmrn, Mmouds, .Vl. 
 4 (iuAniiTK. -VI. H -1 2; (i.. -J- 1.--" Black Lead," ''Plumbago, •' Carl -on, 
 uitii usuuU V some in.n (which however is not essential). ( .dor .lack, lustre metal- 
 lic hiMunat.Ml (/. .'. hufdike ].iates) or granular. Leaves a metallic streak on paper. 
 Not at ked by acids. Occurs in irregular beds and pu.kets ,n hmest.me and 
 sl.,^e trmn I'isariuco. La.uaster. to Hammond ItiNcr, Kings County, also at Dum- 
 barton i!idge, Charlotte County. i r ^ , iiui, 
 The St. John mineral has been mined at several plac.s and used for stme polish, 
 and for lubricating purposes. A liner .piality, n..t as yet tound m ^ew Brunswick, 
 is used for making lead pencils. 
 
 SULIMIUUKTS AM) AItSKNIUlM<:T.^.« 
 
 rSub.hurets when heated L;ive readily the stillin- fumes of sulphur. Arseuiuivts 
 ■Tive otV a white va|»u- with a -arlie-iike o<h.r. The ores of this section may I.e 
 m'o,Mii/.ed by their b-'haviour' bcfoiv Die bh.wpipe, .U". Au/i,nn,>!, gives white 
 fumes. LrJ yields a bead of metallic lead. ^Hw, witli soda on eiiareoal exhibits 
 the peculiar bluish llame of bnining /inc. ('op/>n; with borax ..r so.la, atlor. s 
 metallic copper. Maw/an. sc, with borax, gives an amethystine gh.l.ule. Iron, with 
 the same ll'ix, giv.-s a pale green glass. ISl^rnuthiuv melts in the llame .)f a canule 
 Ml the minerals of this section except Blemle have a metallic hu .re. _ I'or mediou 
 of using the blovvpii.e and application of tluxes, borax, soda, &c., (^>ee Sec. o oi 
 the Introduction). | 
 
 r, BisMriiiiNK.-in. n _> -•Jr.;(V^Cr4 (;'5r..-Sulphuret of Bismuth. Color 
 and' streak lead gray. B.B.. gives oil white inodorous fumes with a yellow 
 deposit on the chairoal and is finally volatili/e,l. Occurs with other ores m a vein 
 at the head of La T.He ilar' .r, Charlotte County. Bismuth is used in type metal. 
 l,lMmlH-rs' scdder. mosaic gohl. au.l fusible metal ; and in the toilet preparation 
 called "'pearl [lowder." 
 
 (i Stihmtk hi. H 2 ; < ; - 1'.'>. — " Antimoiiv ( Maiice,"' or Sulphuret of Anti- 
 mony. Color and streak lead Ki"iy ; often in bla.led erystalli/ations (/. .■. long 
 columnar plates), B.l".. fuses easily, giving oil' eopi.nis white fumes, with a ^v'ute 
 deposit <.u the el arcoal mid is at last v„l:itilized. Important veins exist at Lake 
 (u'or'e York County, where there are several mines; and the mineral has Ix^en 
 found at other localitieJi. Antimony is used in making printing typo, Britannia 
 metal, and in medicine. 
 
 7 Kkkiikcite. - L II W; <i ^4-4- 5. --" I'urple Copper," Sulphuret of Copper 
 andiron, (.'(dor between cop]>er red and pinchbeck brown. Tarnishes HUiekly 
 \\ B. fusible to a t,d..bule, attractable by the magnet. In veins at Adams slaml 
 and La Tete, Charlotte County, and Martin's IM., (ioose Creek and It. W olt, St. 
 John County. A useful ore of copper. 
 
 8 (1UKN\-I H -•-'•.•■.-'_'-7r>:C, 7-2.") lu. "Blue Lead.'" Sulphuret of Lead. 
 Color aiui streak lead gray. Cleavage cubic perfect, also granular. B.B. on char- 
 coal deerei.itati's (/. .'. snaps or crackles) and hnally yields a globule of lead. Occurs 
 atCampobcUo Island, La Tcte. and Krye's Island, Charlotte County ; Norton anu 
 Uphani, Kings County ; and Tobi.pie lliver, Victoria County. Ihis is the princi- 
 pal ore of lead and not iiifre.piently contains a uonsiderable proportion of silver. 
 
n MINKUALS OF NKW mU'XSWK'K. 
 
 T Tr 'J.- 1. f •l-<»-4-'' - "r.1.'uk .l;uU," Siili.lnif. t nl' /inc. 
 
 Si ?;v;:-;m;;m, ;s;:«: ;",:;;Kr.;;»;»...i.> s -. t,., « ..< 
 
 tho m.'st almiKlaiit ores (.f ziiH'. 
 
 oreH of copper. _^ ,.-,.(■. -.^ 4-7.-- -M.gn.tic I'yntus." Sul- 
 
 ^is^iiir"';- .^uawiiir:::^:;::^ o.-l^ 't iii T^e: .j ..u ....... at .a...i.no. 
 
 Saiiio'uscs as tlio uoxt siiecies. . , t .. 
 
 T H-(! iV. • (;-=4-S:?-r..-"Muiiaii," IVrsuliilnimt ..t Iron. 
 
 '^lirs:s^^"^:^:^^^'l^''^-^'"-''^'^ '-'""""■■• . . , 
 
 ,. TTT H ->•-,--(;•(;=(;- 1; -4. "Arsenical I'yrites, Arsciu-Su- 
 
 x-i I! 1 1. ->.(•.! ■4-4 s -Siilpliunt of Molyli<linv,ni. 
 
 rV- '''l":.;:r'T:^,u. n : .„. ; ku;:vJy txU.!... .^t Mastic. V.V>. infn.- 
 ;,;;;;: ';;i^vS.' in ul^no acl.i. Fouu.I :n lo.iv l.uM.r. near St. St.,,!.-. ; al.o 
 vn Xopisignit Kiver, ^ ., ^^^^ 
 
 MiucdatLaTC.te. 'Plus is the -.aost al.unaant cupp^'rore. 
 
 l'IA'(>i;ll»^ AND I'ln.oKlKS. 
 
 ftav' if II '•/"'o''''^ l"^' atliU.i.] , , -^ 
 
 , ,. .-v.,r r 11 •'••)• (U-'*'! -'iJ-S.-Cliloria of Sodinn.. tolorwhite 
 
 J:';r'ioS^. Ta'^cs^li:;.. s;ap«.an.len.Ules wl..n i.at.l. Ohtau.-d 
 Iron, briuo springs at Sussex and "Salt Springs, Knign luunt>. 
 
 ,- I'. ,.v.,.,,, T Tl • . (:--:V!4-:{-J.-"Blwu.lolin," Fluurid of Calcinm. 
 
 lX^^^^tn'ureknd C'onnty. -Usecffor tl,e n.annfa.tnre oM.ydrolluunc acul. 
 
 OX YDS OF THK NiF.TAI.S. 
 n;,a aviuur of the various metals before the 1,'owpipe is dencribed above nnder 
 the head of "Sulphurets and Arsenmrets. J .. , , r , . ., 
 
 SuUuou lUver, Albert CJjunty. 
 
 t)X' 
 
 iid' 
 Lo 
 A 
 
 gn 
 
 va 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
MINKUM.S or Ni;\V IMUNSWK K. 
 
 I'.i. Mai;ni.tiii.. I- II •''■•'' '>■•">:<■ ■*"'♦ 
 
 er 
 
 or 
 
 ox a -i I. m Colur au.l .l.v.k l.hick. Stnmgly attnictod by the "';f 'y^. ..U 
 nh i e VuuM.lat S.ufl. S..ttl.-T,...„t and Si.i.r^ti.'M. Kh'j^s ;'"»ty. : !>■ ' ^. 
 y;.d, U„H.n,l.St..l..hnrounty:N..w i;.v..r.n,l ho.r Uian>l, M^u-Utu ( uu»t>. 
 A Viiluivlik; .111) «if iron, ivml tnw wululy .lithw.l. 
 
 gr;;yt;M'd.r;-.'i. St.v.U .l.rU l.n.« uish n.l to ..hrcv.l. H,15. .nt. ..hlc I lu- 
 van.-tK^H '1^ • ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ Specimen, iiavin^x a i-erf.et :nct:vllic lustre. Koiuul at 
 ' ' MusMuaM. iiii.l Wwt Mcivdi, St. .I.,l.u ('..uiity. ite. ^ 
 
 •JO/.. J//.„,vn„.. yn.«. S,.eeulur Iron witl. a foliat.-l structure. I'oun.l a. I.a 
 
 'rrte, ranipobollo, West Heaeli, &c. 
 o(v /,v,/ nr,n>/:t,: A .lull earthy 1 -oUiuK' .'onipact variety. At W ..ru st..ek, 
 ' N.'w Vl..lon, Ihuviu.t.r ; au.l .'.laek Kiver .a St. .I..hn County &c. 
 ._>(!,/. l:.,li>.l,rr. Sott au.l of a l.ri-hter color, contains clay. At l.nglit,.n, 
 
 llarvev, lUissville, SuH.-ex, &e. 
 .•(V .A-./. .// <'l<t>l !'■<»>. A llinty variety of hematite. AN est Beach. 
 •]()/•! ( ■l.n, h'un Mo,n: Similar to tl... last in ai.pearance Imt n..t ja^pery. 
 Ilen'iatite is one ..f the luiiiciiial ores of iron. 
 .. ,. ..„ irr U-^'» •>-i- (} -4-8- .'). "firey Manfiancsoore," Anhy- 
 
 ""'""of; ir,„/ or Ho. manganese an earthy variety f..un.l at Richihucto, Lincoln. 
 Kroilericton, \\'<i(Hlsto.'k, iVu. 
 
 - Man.;.vn,tk- III. II 4; .; ^^4- 4-1. "«!rey '"'"'f IX^'^'b P ^''l'''' 
 ,,e;:xv.l of man,uane.so. Color steel grey-^ Streak hrownish l.lack iU 
 tiisihle Fonmlat Markhamville an.l 'lete-a-Kouehe lu\ei. 
 
 Manganese ores are nscl in hleaehiug. glassmaking, steel manufacture, 
 ..•i rnu.MTK ir^-.V-.V.-.;(: :Mi-4. " Urown Hematite/' Hy.lrous 
 ofT o. 'o.l dark hr..wn to oehre-yello-v. Streak y^^'l;-'^' ^i;;-;. 
 vol ovv Oft.M. til.rons with a mamnnllate.l nurtaee. ..r mas.siN e ..i earthy 
 l^ItcJ in a tuV.e U.K. P.laekens au.l heeomes magnetic ami the.elU.vs va. 
 turn red. Tiie varieties arc : «„i,.,„„ Pivr 
 
 23.. l!ro,n, Unnatll<: Massive and compact ..r td.n.us. Salmon Kner, 
 (,>ueeus County. ■, . ,^ a .ii„ «f 
 
 -(/>. ll, iron or.. Massive, more ..r lesa cellular. Found at tampobello, St. 
 Steiiheii, Uichihueto. Lincoln, kc. ,, i .,+ 
 
 ...J, )v/A,„. i>,-ln-r. Karti'.y. of a br.glit yellow, cuucains clay, louml at 
 I'.righton, Kimiskiilen in I'etersviUe, &c. 
 
 QUAKTZ.— (Sii.nir A.'ii..) 
 oi i»„x,..,--/ VT H==7- <!=2-0-'2-7. [This mineral varies greatly in color 
 
 tile. It caniu.t be sp it. au.l i does n.>t ■'■^■>^ ' "^ ' ^^/ I,' .J . . J to distinguish it iu 
 by acids. The hanlness and absence of clMNagc will sa\c w b 
 
 .luart/. I ranspaituT. uKt f,i.is». ■ \f Wont Reach arc largv- 
 
 Mispec Barrens au.l West B-'ach, Simon.ls &c. At \N est Beach iai„ 
 green crystals coated and penetrated by chlorite. (J/). 
 
MlNKUVl.S O 
 
 1' Niiw nurxcwifK. 
 
 Hlii88 till broken Hurtuf 
 'J4c. Fi)'riiiliiioii.'< tjiiin-l-, 
 iili;ii|m' t>r lu'iirly «« 
 
 li.\vliiti> oiilor. Mawsivi' an 
 
 ,1 with tin- lubtrt! oi 
 
 \'lTy COlllIHi'll 
 
 Smn 
 
 hvr to the 
 
 lust, hut ou!,.;v.l ttr »tninf. 
 
 1 hy ir 
 
 'II. 
 
 lUil, hrowiiish oioc 
 
 hn-y 
 
 ■11. 
 
 Mho VI ry folllllioll. 
 
 II. <'ilAI< 
 
 I-IioM' VMiir.TIK 
 
 s. -(liU«tre!;lliiiiiHTii>K' 
 
 like that of \v;i-;.) 
 
 iT'Tm, "^"'1 >i: In':: ^.■.'" "■■''■••'';'' "■'>■ ' - -"" "■ ■• ■" 
 
 liinsi' ;vt iMu "J,- • > .. i,,i,,|,,,,ib I.aUi'. 
 
 |„l„.,,.fr..cki..nS..l,mc..,l U.J.l.m Ik 1-^ ^^_^^^ 
 
 g,„,, r..cb. ot ^ "■•■»■' ";• ,.,„.„t „„„, ,,„ tryi,,^ tte imnty 
 
 •J4'. 
 
 'J4;/. 
 
 i?oc^, ron-^'O.../ ''/^/./Zi/ f/ V'""''-- <"•' 
 
 i?oc^, ro»,;-o.../ <7.,//i/ .;/ V'"" ■- ,.ranular texture, eolor. 
 
 vuviou.s aut'. lUill. 1 oni.aio, .N. 
 
 County, .U-. „,,,.,, ..uulcenuntea into a rock. A variety naieh 
 
 o4il'. N<i/*./.-">'" ecnsi-ts of ..u.ut-. s.in I 
 ' used by atoiacutters 18 / n'^l'"' ■ ... ^^^j,,^ ti.^ 
 
 L'hathani, vVe. , , i,- i 
 
 1„ l,»salt »,..! "iW« "■•■.' ""-■"■'■ J „,„, i„ i^vclry, j.-.-l'" j" '."""■ 
 
 """;:r<7....V»;- V„K*u,..hito,aai,crc,.„tl.ot...guo. 
 
 B,'tl. t>.«"'l '"' t'»l' >■"«»• ■" '■™"' •■"■'"""■ 
 
 SILICATES." (I. ANiiviiK.iis.) 
 
 „,I,:;tr ■.;....» »>™;; •-,;::!, ™';;;:i':,"5-,»ir«v;;..»Vy ,i„c, 1.0.1, ....t ti,e 
 
 whenhuatcd.J 
 
 • 
 
MINKHAI.H V? NKW IlHi N'flWlCK. 
 
 9 
 
 ■ 
 
 >i • 
 
 he 
 
 lii- 
 hc 
 
 
 lit}. I'vitoxiNK.-IV. H-S-H; (}-;v2:»-3-.1.-.Sili(at.! of Miiif. MaKiicHift iin.l 
 Jfroii. Color various mIi!1(U;s « f n\wi\ t< Itrowii ami Idiuk, Hlifiik wlii*o to gniy. 
 !!i)ttli!. ( I'or otlior chiuucters sve Hornldi'inlf). Sovt-nil Viuittifs occur : 
 
 '2ti(i. iUdllniii', lirowii luiiinatcil, iiciirly. In Mti'iutitino "t St. Stciiliun. 
 
 2(ili. Iljiiin'st'ii'nf. (ircuiUHh lilaok, cli'aviildo, with tlio luHtro of broii/o. At 
 lloliiii's liiikt!, SiiiioiiilM, St. .loliii County, 
 
 Unm Kdiili. I);irk olive yrei-u, lining' oavltu.a of traji at (Jiaiid Miurm. 
 
 Aii'jifi- or I'yroxint! is an irn|)ortant conHtituont of tho trfnt rocks (iloler- 
 itcs), <!tc., of (iranil Manui., and also of tlioso aloh^' tho lionlurB of thucoal 
 measures in Central New !)runs\vi(;k. 
 
 27. Huii.Nni.KNiiK. — IV. H -.'i (J; (! '_» !» ;{ -4. -^Silicate of Lime, .Ma^,'neHia 
 ami Iron. This mineial very much resemhles I'yroxiii'' in a|i|)eaianee and eonijn)- 
 sition, hut luis a dill'crent form of crystal. Ilornlihfiiilc is often in six-sided 
 prisms, with aii>,des apitroiieiiiii'.' I'Jd , or rhondiie prisms of l'24\ ; "vhiio I'yroxino 
 orysti.ls are ecmmonl^ four-sided |irisnis near !•(( ji the angles, or ei),ht-Mided [irisnis 
 near !.'{."> at eiich an),'h!. Hotii siieeies are fiisiliit; hefore tlie l)iow|)i{ie .'iid Imve ail 
 uncolored streak. In color tl-.ey range fron. whit<) to hlaek througii grasc-green 
 aiul olive-green shades, and are distinctly cleavaide ; prisms, wiien hroken krigth- 
 wise, often show a cleavage plane, or have a splintery look. 'I'lie varities of Horn- 
 blend j are : 
 
 •JT". Trininli! (Silicate of Lime and Idagncsia). White or gieyish crystals, 
 often in i'-'ig slender blades, or groii[n'd in columnar or radiated masBua. 
 In tl.i' limcftone rocks of Portland, iVc 
 
 ArtiiK'litf. jlriglit green bladed crystals, or columnar forms. The fibre '.s 
 or I'adialed ervNtalli/iitions an; n;Mne<l A.ilit'.s'ifoi tii ArUiio/llc. in veins of 
 traji roek at Sheldon I'oiut and Manaw;igonis Island, near St. .John, Nor- 
 ton, Ivings County, Martin's Head, iVc. 
 
 A,il»'s/ii.t. Similar tu the last but nmre finely librous. From the same 
 loi^alities. 
 
 . Iliinthliiiili'. This name is confined to the dark green and black varieties, 
 and it nuiy Ik; in crystals oi- massive. At Indiantown in I'ortland, near 
 liald Mt. in retersville, in Springtield, &c. Hornblende is a' ays present 
 in t!ie rocks called Syenite and I '•orite. The variety asbestus is used for 
 mak'.ng tire-proof rooting and for lining liri-[)roof safes. The ancients 
 nuide cloth of it, and also wicks for their templo lain[>s. 
 
 28. (!aunkt.— L H -^ <)•.")- 7 ."> ; (»==3 1"i-4'3.— Silicate of Alumina and Iron. 
 Color red, browii, lie, streak white. Transparent to opaciue. Brittle. B.B. fuses 
 to a dark vitreous (/. c. glassy) globule. Small red crystals are found in mica schist 
 at Moore's Lake, Charlotte County. Used in jewelry. 
 
 27/;. 
 
 
 :i< 
 
 2U. Hi'iiioTK. — VI. 11 -(! 7; (J -=:}"-'.') -S'."). -Silicate of Alumina, Lime and 
 Iron. Two varietici are known in New Brunswick : 
 
 21)'f. J'iatifitf (Silicate of Alumina, Lime and Iron), "Lime and Inm Kpulote." 
 This resembks s( me varieties of I'yroxine and Hornblende, but may lie 
 distinguished by its jieculiav yellowish green colvH' ; the crystals and 
 cidunniar forms ditl'er trom those two minerals in ha\ing no very distinct 
 cleavage, and in the absence of a splintery api'earance in the fracture. 
 li. B. fuses on thin edges and swells up. Found in diorito rocks at 
 licaver Harbor and New River, Charlotte County; Clifton, Kings 
 County, and vari'His points in St. John County. 
 
 2%. Zoixiti', "Lime Ki)id>-te" (Silicate of Alumina and Lime). Fibrous tiesh- 
 red masses are fouml with pistacite in a vein at Sheldon I'oint, Lancaster. 
 
 30. MuscoviTK. -V. 11-2-25; c; -=2-7o- 30. — "Common Mica," Silicate of 
 Alumina, Iron and I'otash. Color white, grey, yellow, brown, &c. Cleavage 
 parallel to the base of the prism very distinct, dividing it into thin shining lamimv 
 or plates, which are tlexible an L(/((,'<^/c. B. B. fuses on thin edges only. Occurs 
 at Moore's Mills, Charlotte County ; J^vnd's F>nd in Westtield, lirookville Station, 
 Simoiuls, &c. Mica is used for doors of sti'Ves and lanterns, and for preserving 
 
ta 
 
 MINERALS OP NKW URINSWICK. 
 
 Tf ;« n ..onstituent of trnmite, mica scliist, gneiss and 
 objects for the microscope. It is a conbtitueni 1 1 b 
 
 otherroeks. ^.,.4 _•>,;_.. I'otash FcLbpar.'" Silicate of 
 
 -£^ •;ei;Stf;cX^%-h:^.^^.;:fl-^^ eleava.e..vm.a...oti. su^ace. 
 anaauotl.rlessi.rt.ctatn,htan^osto^^ 
 
 cleavage giMiijA''—' ;;•- - 
 
 H.n. fusi'S on tlio edges. ^ i-.ystal8 
 
 ana anotlier less V^'-'l^^^'^V^-!' V'"^ •' s" £.n UmVsKu.l au.l Clifton in Kings 
 of urthoclase are to be, nad '^\ J; ^V.^^^^^t^^*^'' ^^ nvenite. mica sel.ist tel«ite 
 
 County. Th;. nnneral . a >.^^. -t^;;;^^^^^ ^^ . ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^,,^, , ,,,,,,^e. 
 
 and other rockn. It is nsco i i results from tlie deeomir.sition 
 
 the elay burns re.l. «<ii;,.nt,. 
 
 1- u ,-.(' --'CT- '» •:(!.- -"T-abrador l'elil8i.ar, M'.icatu 
 
 S-'' I \iu;\i>0Kn'K. — \ . H=t), »T -_w( -. 1 ,i.,,.i. ,rr..vi-<h iireen ; Will n and 
 
 of A-i»l ..... 1.,,.,. >-;>';,,:t'nV>;:T,;;.3.ltl;,^;i?.ii'; »-,.,...: tlc..^ 
 
 •,1 siirtju'i'S weather (^ee r^te. •* m ""^ . . . ;...;• 4,.., ,,^i, ,,.,.„ 
 
 •M - :VJ -Silicate of .Mumina. ('...^Mrtlosh- 
 \\,K infusible. Lung rhombic 
 
 are cut for ..rnameiital ].r.riiosc-s. 
 
 :!:•> Ani-m.<sitk.— lU. H -T-.};'- 
 re.l or i.-arl-gray. Tough. ^^'^'■'>' ''1'''"!"''; ^/'.-'.^-^rakc charlotte County. 
 
 V"- ™""""' ■" --■*":• ":':.':r".;',';; :' ■ ..s.:H>s.,i™u..,, ^...,,,1,., 
 
 fusr.s with .lillhulty to a black s ag, ""'^'.^ . ' ' j,,,,,, ,,i,^,„ l,n.kon. Occurs m 
 „,l Hornblende m navmg no ^•''/^^••y,:; J .\\Vstat m^ -lohn County, also in 
 a vein of fulds,.ar. ndca and .luartz. ■•\'^'^''"^' 'V:,;"^ veins at Mc.orc.s Mills, 
 Jranite at Claicndou Station, Queens County, and m nuart/ Nt.n 
 
 Charlotte County. 
 
 SUTCVTRS.— (T. Hvi'Hors.) 
 
 - »te .... »...-. -"■^' ^^rz^'X' .■s„..„.t„„.,- .......... ..f M..«...™.. 
 
 :ij Tau .--Iir^ H-l - l-->; <' ''^ - '■■ •,.,.„/ i,,,„;„t. lk\ible. //o/ clastic. 
 
 Kiver. and at Lily l-aKc, '''''^^''^''^ .,f ' iJ^J.V, aces and for sinks, hot-air, 
 registers, ^c ',.,.,,,, Silicate of Magnesia (with more 
 
 water than Talc), i'olor oil given *- ',' j;;^';^,^;!^; ;^;tated >n a tube. BU. on 
 
 resinous. Streak white. 'Y'^'^' " s iss Iv' cadily in borax. The following 
 charcoal scarcely fuses on tiie edges. Uis.soivcs ^ 
 
 are varieties : Tr.mHlucent and of a rich oil green color. T'. 
 
 " ■ limestones of »---t^- »;';;,!;;'';;,:;;; JriS^^^ Xear the town of 
 
 ^Ch. r,,)iiin<,n .'^n-ii'iitiii". l)t a <iuu giceiu 
 
 :.,;„. ^^^^Sr- A ,1... .»i...tif".-... "";:'>„;i',;;;;;i';:,t;',:,';.':::»«;;^-.^- 
 
 I 
 
MINEUALS OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 11 
 
 V^ 
 
 37. riii.oRiTK.- VI. TT ^2-'2-r); f!-2-r)-)-2-8.-).-"l'i},c Stone." Silicate of 
 Almiiiiiii, iMagnesia iiiid Iron. ( I ranular and laminated, laniiniu «o/ clastic. Color 
 dark j,'n.on to nearly black. Sectile. ( lives water wiien licateil in a tnbc. B.B. 
 on charcnal fuses to a globule, or on tliin edges. A glas.s made with borax is 
 colored green (by iron) when chlorite ia added. Ciilurite in found at Clifton, 
 Kings Co., at New I'.iver, Heaver }[arbor and (Irand Manan, Charlotte Co., and at 
 varidu.s points in St. John Co. It was formerly used by tlie "Indians" of A'ew 
 Brunswick for making iiipe bowls. 
 
 Zeolites. — (Boiun<.:,tone.s). 
 
 [These an; hydrous Silicates of alumina and .some alkali--as potash, soda, lime, 
 &.C., (magnesia is always absent). They are not disseminated through the body 
 of a rock, tuit are iniiilanted on the sides of tissures, or till cavities in the rock. 
 They boil or swell up when placed in the l>low-pipe flame.] 
 
 T/ure siwcivH hare a pcarli/ rlcanvji'. 
 
 :i8. HKn.ANiiiTE.— IV. H = 3-5-4; G = 2'2. In Hat six-sided or rliomboidal 
 prisms. Color white, red, &c. 
 
 .Si). Srn.niTK. IV. H - .'^5 - 4 ; C, -2 - 2-2 In flat tabular pointed crystals and 
 sheafdike groups. Color white, yellow, brown, &c. 
 
 40. Ai'oi'iiYi.i.iTE.— II. H- i-il-u; G-2-;M. In Hat rectangular prisms. Color 
 white to pale api)le-green. 
 
 T lure species have slender prismatic forms. 
 
 41. TiioMrsoNirE.— III. H-o 5-5; G = 2'.Sr) -2-4. In radiating crystals. 
 Color white. W.H. bubbles and becomes white and opaipie. When powdered 
 gelatinizes in nitric acid. 
 
 rr'n = 2-17- 2-24. In needledike, usually 
 Ji.B. fuses (juietly to a glassy globule. Forms 
 
 42. N.VTHOI.ITK. III. H-f)- 
 
 scjiarate, crystals, 'i'ransluceiit. 
 a tuick jelly witli acids. 
 
 4;{. Scoi.Esii K. IV. H .") - .") 
 crystals. Translucent. White, 
 slag. 
 
 Tiro sjii'('i<'s (irr ijranalar ir/ii'ii mnssire 
 
 ■') ; ( i - 2 '2 - 2-7. In acicular, usually imbedded, 
 ii. B. curls like a worm and melts to a shining 
 
 44. AvAi.ciMi;.— I. Ho- ")•,"); (i-2'07 2-27. The crystals are trapezohed- 
 rons (a 24-sided solid of which each face is a trapezoid). Color white or brownish. 
 Gelatinizes in muriatic acid with dilKculty. 
 
 4,'). CiiAiiA/.iTi:. - VI. H - 4 - 4 '5 ; ( J -= 2-()8 - 2-17. The crystals are rhoudiohed- 
 rons (a (i-si<led sidid of which each face is a rhomb) nearly cubic in form. Color 
 white, grey, red. 
 
 One species ir/iifois (ind crunihlr.s after hntjthciieil ej-jiosiire to dr;/ air. This is 
 
 4(). Lai-munite.— IV. H- ;}•'>- 4; G-2';?. The crystals are obliciue rhombic 
 prisms. Color white to gray. Geliitinizes in nitric acid. 
 
 All these zeolites are found in the traji rocks (hard rocks similar to the lava of 
 volcanoes) of Granil Manan. Henlandite also occurs in trap at Newcastle and 
 Ham])stead in (j)uecns Co. and at Chaini'ook Lake, Charlotte County. Laumonite 
 is met with in a vein at Quisiiamsis Station, Kings C'onnty. 
 
 47. I'KEHNiTE. — III. H -()()•.">; G 2vS-2',tr). Crystallized and massive. 
 
 Color pale green. Tins species is distinguished from the other Zeolites by its hard- 
 ness. Found in veins in diorite (a hard dark green crystalline rock) at Clifton, 
 Kings County. 
 
 45. CiiKVso<<>i,i.A. — 11 2 - ,3 ; G -2-2'.S. Hydrous silicate of co])per (not a 
 zeoliti'l usually an incrustation on other copper ores. Color pale to bluish green. 
 Translu(H'nt to opacjuc. Streak white. Brittle. B.B. Blackens on charcoal with' 
 out melting, (iivesa green beail with borax. Found at Upper Salmon lUver, 
 Albert County. 
 
«pp 
 
 j uju'Ljj agM Ms-at MCM wti i^ ^ 
 
 12 
 
 MINKRALS OF N'EW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 r \ ulass inado oi aoda and silica becomes rod or orange-yellow when sulphur is 
 present (by tlio addition of a mineral containing it). All the sulphurcts except 
 Blende have a metallic lustre. Hence with this excepiion any unwrtalln- i^piaes 
 in this list roiit'iiiilii;/ viiic/i .sulphur, must hi' a stiljilmte. Jilendc may t)e distm- 
 guished by the test for zinc (See Sulphurets).] 
 
 40 B\KYTKS.- III. H-t2-.-» -. -v.-); (1=4:5 -4 -T. — " Heavy Spar." Sul].hate of 
 Baryta. Color white inclining to yellow, red, &e. Streak white. Tran.Hparent to 
 opaque. B.B. Decrepitates and fuses with ditliculty. Occurs at Swidlow I ail, 
 Grand Manan, Krye's Island, Charlotte Co., and with Manganese at Markliamville 
 and Shcpody Mountain. This mineral is larg(dy v.sed in the maiiutacture ot paint. 
 r.O. AvuvDiUTK.— UI. H - .S- - ;V.'> ; ( i - -'•'.> - -i-iX;.— Anhydrous sulphateof T.imc. 
 C\.lor white, grey, blush and reddish. Streak greyish white. B.B. W Inteiis liiit 
 does not exfoliate, (/. e. open out into leaf-like layers) an<l tinally is covered with 
 a friable enamel. In beds with gypsum at Hillsborough, Albert Co. Same nses 
 as gypsum. 
 
 ,")]. (Jvi'siM.— IV. H = l-.">-'2: C.= 2 -3. Sulphate of lime. In crystals; also 
 granular, fibrous ami compact. C.dor usually white ; also grey, brown, &c. Lustre 
 on .'^ome faces (of crystals) pearly, when ma,ssive the lustre is glistening to dul. 
 Streak white. B. l\. beccuncs opaque white, opens out int.. h^af-like layers and tails 
 to a powder which, if moistened, soon becomes solid and hard. The \ arietics are: 
 51a. Scleintfi. Transparent crystals, In the mud of a spring at Sussex. 
 51ft. AliihfiMer. The massive varieties of tine grain and pure color. Ot excel- 
 lent (luality at Hillsborough, Albert Co. , „, , , w^, . 
 51o. Satin Spar. Translucent fibrous variety. Albert and W estmor and Cos, 
 51f/. Fihrou^ a>/pmim. White tibrous % arict>-. Albert and Westmorland C o s. 
 51<'. Comwr.n Oi/psiim. The massive and impure varieties ot a dull color. 
 Extensive beds of gypsum are Ibund in Albert, Westmorland and \ letoria 
 Counties. PIa.^t,r of Paris is gvpsum rock, calcined and ground, an* lias 
 various uses in the arts. Tiie uiuahined planter is extensively used tor 
 imiu'oving soils. Ahil„ist,y is cut into vases and ornaments, and Stleuite 
 is used for optical instruments. 
 
 rifOSl'HATES. 
 .-,•' ViMVNiTi:. TV. H lo •-'; (! -•->()«). -Color blue. Streak bluish. B.B. 
 
 fuses to a dark bi'own scoria or slag that etlects the magnetic needle Attonls 
 water in a glass tube. Di8.solves in nitric acid. Occurs in clay at Quisalns luver, 
 
 Madawaska County. 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 [carbonates effervesce with dilute muriatic acid and more briskly with strong 
 acids]. 
 
 '^■i. CA...ITK.-VI. H -J-o- :i-5; 0-'2-5--2vS. "Calc Spar." Carbonate or 
 Lime. This mineral is next in abundance to (piartz and as varn.d in its aspect. A 
 knife easily scratches it, and a drop oi dilute nitric or muriatic acid produces an 
 immediate'frotiiing on its surface. B.B. gives an intense white light and burns to 
 qui( :.lime. The sjiarry varieties are 
 
 5:i't. Indand Spar. Transparent crystals. These exhibit the property of 
 d(iuble refraction, which calcite po.s.sesses in an eminent degree. OI)jects 
 sen through a crystal of this .sjiar, held in a certain position, seem double. 
 Large cry.stals have been buind at lUlledune, (iloncester County. Ice- 
 land spar is used in optical instruments. 
 
 Calrar,'n>i^ Spar or calc siiar has a variety of crystalline forms sucli as 
 "nail-head spar," "dog's-tooth spar" and the hexagc.nal prism found tit 
 Fort Howe Hill, INutland, and i.awlor's Lake, SiuKUids ; and simple 
 ami moilitied rhonibohedrons found at MarkhamviUe, Kiuga County, and 
 (Joose Creek, Saint .lohn County. , • • c \ 
 
 Sfniartite and Stala.pnit,'. Icicle forms produced by the dripping ot calca- 
 reous water from the nx.fs to the tlo(Us of caverns, Hipper Harbor and 
 the caves of Portland, St. .lohu County, are hicalities for these varieties. 
 Used for ornameutal work. 
 
 536. 
 
 53c. 
 
■.aaiu^m3s^^vsti^.j.-mwmi^^*im,^^3^t4 immtwmse, 'jctbribwb 
 
 MINERALS OP NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 13 
 
 
 53fi. 
 
 53/. 
 
 .'■%, 
 53/(. 
 
 53(/. Granular Limestone or Marble. A massive crystalline rock. Found in 
 Lancaster, Tartland, Canterbury, Brighton, &c. Statuary and other 
 crystalline marbles are included liere. 
 
 The earf/ii/ vnriefle.t are : 
 
 Compact Limestone. Of dull grey, bluish, lirown and black colors and 
 dull lustre. It is of comnu)n occurrence. Extensively used in the manu- 
 facture of lime. 
 
 Ihldraidie Vnnedone is largely composed of silicia and alumina (clay) and 
 magnesia. Occurs in l)eds in Albert County and elsewhere. Used for 
 tile manufacture of hydraulic cement. 
 A'/arir Mineral. A loose friable variety deposited from the water of 
 
 caverns. Caves in I'oitland, St. John County. 
 Marl. A mixture of carbonate-of-lime anil clay, found in lakes and 
 
 marshy land, and due to the decomposition of the shells of fresli water 
 
 moluHcs, (water snails, iS:c.) Found at Lawlor's Lake, St. John County, 
 
 at Bathurst, &c. Used as a fertilizer. 
 
 54. Macnksite.— VI. H==3'5 --l^; G=-2'8-3". — Carbonate of Magnesia. Color 
 white, yellowish or greyish. B.B. iufusilde. Dis-solves slowly with little effer- 
 vescence in nitric acid. Occurs with ser))entine in Portland and in magnesian 
 schist at West Beacii, Simond's. Used in the nuinufacture oi Epsom Salts. 
 
 55. l»()i,oMiTK. — VI. H=-3'5-4; G==;2-S5 - 2 •'.).— Carbonate of Lime and Mag- 
 nesia. When in crystals the faces of the crystals are usually curved. Color as in 
 calcite. Brittle. B.B. acts like calcite. Soluble in acids, but more slowly than 
 calcite. 
 
 The varieties are: 
 
 55a. Thlomlte. Wliite crystals and massive granular kinds. Found at Port- 
 lauil, Frye's Lsliiud, Kars, Kings County, and (iraud Manan. 
 
 556. I'i'itrl Spar. Crystals with curved faces and pearly lustre. Musquash 
 llarlior and Marklianiville. 
 
 i)oe. /Iroirn Spar. Contains ."> to 10 per cent, of oxyd of iron and has a rusty 
 look when exiKJsed to the weatl.er. Found at Taylor's Island, Lan- 
 caster, .and Lepreau B.asin. 
 
 55'/. Ma'iiie.ii(ui Linii'Ktoni'. Is a name for the earthy varieties of dolomite. 
 Lime from (hdomitc makes a i:\ore durable cement than that from common 
 limestone. 
 
 5fi. Chalvbite.— VI. H = 35 - 4-5; (I - 3-7 - 3-9. "Spathic or sparry iron ore." 
 Carbonate of Iron. ( 'olor ash grey to l)rown, faces of crystals often curved. Streak 
 white. Brittlt!. B.B. bhvckens and at last yields an oxyd of iron attractable l)j' 
 the magnet. ( 'olors borax pale green. Pissolves with ditiiculty in nitric acid, and 
 scarcely ell'crvesees unless previously pulverized. Occurs at Petersville, Queens 
 County and Crand Manan, Charlotte County. 
 
 5()(f. ''/"// iron .stone is an eiutliy variety occurring in nodules and seams in 
 coal measures. Found at Dorchester, Newcastle, (Jrand Lake, &c. lioth 
 this and tl. • sparry variety are used for the production of iron. 
 
 57. Malachite. -VI. M-3'5-4; C-37-4. (Jreen carbonate of copper. 
 Color briglit green, streal; paler green. B.B. yields water and blackens. On 
 charcoal fuses, giving a glolmle of copper. Dissolves witliout etVervesence in acids. 
 Found at .Simpscm's Island, Ch;. ' otte Ctmnty, and at Martin's Head and Coose 
 Creek, St. John County, and at Bathurst in (iloucester County. Smelted witl^ 
 other copper ores, and some varieties are used for ornamental work. 
 
 OKCANIC COMPOUNDS. 
 
 58. BiriMEN--(A hydrocarl)on). Liipiid to solid. Dark brown to black in color, 
 lutlanimable. Three varieties are found in New IJrunswick. 
 
 oSd. Aspfialtnin, or mineral pitcli. At Ayer's farm, Petitco<liac. 
 i)Sl). J/((/^/(((, or mineral tar. .\t Codie's farm, Petiteodiac. 
 5Sr. Pi'troleittn, or mineral oil. \i Ayer's farm, Petiteodiac. 
 
 Used for making burning and lubricating oils, varnish, &c. 
 
u 
 
 MINERALS OP NEW BUUNSWICK. 
 
 REFERENCE SUMMARY. 
 
 Acids, Action of, Sec. 0. 
 Actinolite, 276. 
 AjTHte, 24/. 
 Airiiric Mineral, bSy. 
 Albertite, 'M: 
 Alataster, 516. 
 Anihracite, 3a. 
 Antimony Glance, 6. 
 AniUilusite, 32 
 Analcinie, 44. 
 Anhydrite, fiO. 
 Apophyllite, 40. 
 Arsenical I'yritea, 13. 
 Asbestus, 27c. 
 Asphaltuni, 58a. 
 Augite, 2.M. 
 
 B 
 
 Ban-tes, 49. 
 
 Bitumenous Coal, 36-3<i. 
 
 Hisnnithine, 5. 
 
 Bitumen, 58. 
 
 Blowpipe, behaviour of! 
 
 minerals under, Sec. 
 
 Blende, 0. 
 
 Blue Lead, 8. 
 
 Black Jack, 9. 
 
 Black Lead, 4. 
 
 Blue John, 17. 
 
 Bof? Iron Ore, 236. 
 
 Boilinjf Stones, 38-47. 
 
 B;own Hematite, 23a. 
 
 Brown Spar, 55c. 
 
 Cannel Coal, 3c, 
 Carnelian, 24e. 
 Carbonat-es, 53-57. 
 Calcite, 53, 
 Caloarious Spar, 536. 
 Cherry Coal, 3c. 
 Chalc.icito, 10. 
 Chalcopyrito, 15. 
 Chalcedony, 24rf. 
 Chalcolong, 25a. 
 Chrvsotilc, 36c. 
 Chlorite, 37. 
 Chabazite, 45. 
 Chrvsooilla, 48. 
 Chalybite, 5G. 
 
 Clav, Iron, Stone, 20/, 56a. 
 ClaV; 316. 
 Cleavage, Sec. 4. 
 Copper, 2. 
 Coal, 3. 
 
 Copper Glance, 10. 
 Copi'cr I'yritus, 15. 
 Common Salt, 10. 
 Common Seri>cntine, 366. 
 Cimnnon (iyiwum, 51e. 
 Compact Limestone, 53e. 
 Crystalline Fonns(o! minerals) 
 Cuprite, IS. (Sec. 1 
 
 D 
 
 Decrepitates, Sec. 8. 
 Diallage, 2()a. 
 Uiorite, 27(i. 
 Dolomite, 55, 550. 
 Dolerite, 32, 26o. 
 
 B " 
 
 Erubcscite, 7. 
 Eliidote, 20. 
 
 F 
 
 Feldspar, Potash, 31. 
 feldspar, Labrador, 32. 
 
 Felsite, 31, 
 
 Ferrugenous (Juartz, 24c. 
 Fibnius (Jypsum, 51(/. 
 Fluorids and (,'hlorids, 16-17. 
 Fluor Spar, 17. 
 FIu.\e8, See. 5. 
 
 G 
 Galena, 8. 
 Garnet, 28. 
 Gelatenize, Sec. 6. 
 Gold, 1. 
 
 Gneiss, 24?, 30, 31. 
 Granite Composition, 24<', 30, 31. 
 Graphite, 4. 
 (iranular Quartz, 24j. 
 Green Earth, 2(>c. 
 Granular Limestone, 53rf. 
 Gypsum, 51. 
 
 XI 
 
 Hardness of minerals, Sec. 2. 
 Hematite, 20. 
 Heulandite, 38. 
 Heavy Spar, 49. 
 Horn'stone, 24^. 
 Hornblende, 27, 27d. 
 Hyper.sthene, 206. 
 Hydraulic LimesUjne, 63/. 
 
 Iceland Spar, 53a. 
 J 
 
 Jaspery Clay Iron, 20e. 
 Jasper, iih. 
 
 K 
 
 Kaolin, 31a. 
 
 Labnuiorite, 3'2. 
 Lubrulnrite Hock, 32. 
 L'.ibnulor Felds]>ar, 32. 
 Laminated, Sec. 4. 
 Laumoiiite, 40. 
 Linumite, 23. 
 Lime Epidotc, 296. 
 Lime and Iron Epidotc, 29a. 
 Lydian Stone, 24i. 
 
 M 
 
 Magnetic Pyrites, 11. 
 Magnetite, 19. 
 Magnetic Iron Ore, 19. 
 Malleable, Sec. 4. 
 Maiiganite, 22. 
 Marl, ;M. 
 Magnesite, 54. 
 Magnesian Limestone, 65d. 
 Malachite, 57. 
 Maltha, .'".86. 
 Mispickle, 13. 
 Micaceous Iron Ore, 206. 
 Milky yuartz, 246. 
 Mica (common), 30. 
 Mica Schist, 24fl. , 30, 31. 
 Molybdenite, 14. 
 Minidic, 12. 
 Muscovite, 30. 
 
 N 
 
 Native Elements, 1-4. 
 Natrolite,42. 
 
 0.xyd8 of the Metals, 18-23. 
 t>pal, 25. 
 Ortho-'laso, 81. 
 Organic Compounds, 58. 
 
 P 
 
 Peat, 3/. 
 
 Physicttl Properties, Sec. 4. 
 Pearl Si)ar, 556. 
 Petroleum, f'Sc. 
 Phosphates, 52. 
 Pitch Coal, 36. 
 Pistacite, 29a. 
 Pipe Stone, 37. 
 Plumbago, 4. 
 Potash Feldspar, 31. 
 Precious Serpentine, 30a. 
 Prehnitc, 47. 
 Purple Copper, 7. 
 Pvrrhotine, 11. 
 I'yrites, 12. 
 Pyrolusite, 21. 
 Pyroxine, 26, 26<f. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quartz, 24. 
 
 Iv 
 
 Red Copper, 18. 
 Red Hematite, 20c. 
 Red Ochre, 20rf. 
 Rock Crystal, 24a. 
 
 S 
 
 Sandstone, 24t. 
 Satin Spar, 51c. 
 Sectile, Sec. 4. 
 Seleiiite, 51a. 
 Schorl, 34. 
 Seolesitc, 43. 
 Serpentine, 30. 
 Selenite, 51rt, 
 Silicifled Wood, 2il. 
 Silicious Sinter, 256. 
 Silicates, 20-48. 
 Silicates, Hydrous, 35-48. 
 Soapstone. 
 
 Specific Gravity, todetennine, 
 Si>ecula.' lron,"2(Xi. (Sec. 3 
 
 Spathic Iron, 50. 
 Stibnito, 0, 
 Steatite, 3.5o. 
 Stilbite, 39. 
 , Stalactite, 53c. 
 " Stalagmite' 53c. 
 Streak, Sec. 4. 
 
 Sulphurets and Arseniurets, .V16. 
 Sulphates, 4'.»-,''il. 
 Syenite, 27(/, 31. 
 
 T 
 
 Talc, 35. 
 
 Thoiupaonite, 41. 
 Tourmaline, 34. 
 Treniolite, 27a. 
 
 V 
 
 Venl Anti(iuc Marble, 36d. 
 Vitreous Copper, 10. 
 Vivianite, 52. 
 
 W 
 Wiul, 21rt. 
 Weathering, 4. 
 
 Y 
 
 Yellow Ochre, 23c. 
 
 Z 
 
 Zeolites, 38-47. 
 Zoisite, 296.