IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
1.1
g m 12.2
u
III
m
u
140
u&
|!^iIiU4
<
6"
»
i
P?iofegraphic
Sdences
CorpQiHtion
^•^
23 VmST MAIN STUIT
WIBSTn,N.Y. MSM
(716) 173-4303
4^ ^"V
C>
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHIVI/ICIVIH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa
Taehnieal «nd BibliograpMe NotM/NotM tachniquM M MMiographiquM
TIm Iratltut* hM attamptad to obtain tha boat
original eo|»y avaHalria for filming. Faaturaa of thia
copy which may ba MMiographlcaily uitiqua,
which may aKar any of tha imagaa in tha
raproduetion, or which may aignificantly clianga
tha uaual mathod of filming, ara ehaekad ImIow.
D
Colourad eovara/
Couvartura da coulaur
r~| Covara damagad/
D
D
g
Couvartura andommag4a
Covara raatorad and/or iaminatad/
Couvartura raataurAa at/ou paiiicuiAa
Covar titia miaaing/
La titra da couvartura manqua
|~~| Colourad mapa/
Cartaa gAographiquaa an coulaur
□ Colourad inic (i.a. othar than biua or black)/
Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira)
□ Colouraf' plataa and/or iiiuatrationa/
Planchaa at/ou iiiuatrationa an coulaur
□ Bound with othar matarial/
Rali4 avac d'autraa documanta
Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion
along intarior margin/
La raliura aarrAa paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da la
diatortion la long da la marga intAriaura
Blank laavaa addad during rattoration may
appaar within tlM taxt. Whanavar poaaibia, thaaa
hava baan omittad from filming/
II ta paut qua cartalnaa pagaa blanchaa ajoutiaa
lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta.
mala, loraqua cala Atait poaaibla. caa pagaa n'ont
paa At* fiimAaa.
L'Inatltut a microfilm^ la malllaur axamplaira
qu1l lui a 4tA poaaibla da aa procurar. Laa ditaiia
da cat axamplaira qui aont paut-4tra unlquaa du
point da vua bibltographiqua, qui pauvant modifiar
una imaga raproduita. ou qui pauvant axlrio: una
modification dana la mAthoda normala d«t filmaga
aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua.
Til
to
D
Colourad pagaa/
Pagaa da coulaur
□ Pagaa damagad/
Pagaa
Pagaa andommagtea
Pagaa raatorad and/o(
Pagaa raatauriaa at/ou pallicul4aa
Pagaa diacolourad. atainad or f oxat
Pagaa dAcoiorAaa, tachatAaa ou piquAaa
Pagaa datachad/
Pagaa ditachAaa
8howthrough>
Tranaparanca
Quality of prir
Qualit* InAgaia da I'impraaaion
Includaa aupplamantary matarii
Comprand du matirial aupplAmantaIra
r~|^Paga8 raatorad and/or Iaminatad/
□ Pagaa diacolourad. atainad or f oxad/
Pagaa
I — I Pagaa datachad/
rr^ Showthrough/
I I Quality of print variaa/
r~1 Includaa aupplamantary matarial/
Tl
PC
of
fill
Oi
b«
th
ak
OC
fir
ai(
or
Th
ah
Til
wl
D
D
Only adition availabia/
Saula Mitton diaponlbia
Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by arrata
alipa. tiaavaa. ate. hava baan rafilmad to
anaura tha baat poaaibla imaga/
Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiallamant
obacureiaa par un fauillat d'arrata. una palura.
ate. ont 4t* fiimAaa A nouvaau da fapon A
obtanir la maillaura imaga poaaibla.
Additional commanta:/
Commantairaa aupplAmantairaa:
Irraguiar pagiiMtion: [1] • 78. 71 • 72. 73 • 74, 75 - 76, 77 - 78, 79 - 80, 81 - 144p.
Thia itam is filmad at tha raduction ratio ehaekad balow/
Ca doeumant aat filmA au taux da rAductlon IndiquA ei-daaaoua.
10X
14X
1IX
22X
2tX
?0X
1
y
12X
IfX
»x
a4x
2IX
32X
TiM copy fllmMl hun hM b««n raproductd thanks
to th« gMMToatty of:
Library Division
Provincial ArcMvas of British Cotumbta
L'OMinplalro film* f ut roproduit grico A la
gAnirosIt* da:
Library Division
Provincial Archives of British Cotumbia
Tha Imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat qualtty
posaibla conaidaring tha condition and laglblHty
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract spacificationa.
Original capias in prirttad papar covars ara fiimad
baginning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras-
skin. or tho back covar whan appropriata. All
othar original capias ara fiimad baginning on tha
firat paga with a printad or illustratad impras-
sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad
or illustratad impraasion.
Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha
shall contain tha symbol — ^- (moaning "CON-
TINUED"!, or tha symbol y (moaning "END"),
whichavar applias.
Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba fiimad at
diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba
antiraly included in ona axposura ara fiimad
baginning in tha uppar laft hand eornar, laft to
right and top to bottom, as many framas as
raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata ths
mathod;
Las Imagas suhrantas ont 4t4 raproduitoa avac la
plus grand sain, compto tonu da la condition at
da la nattat* da Taxampiaira film*, at an
conformity avac las conditions du contrat da
fllmaga.
Las axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura an
papiar aat imprlm4a sont filmAs tt commandant
par la pramiar plat at an tarminant salt par la
darniAra paga qui comporta una amprainta
d'impraaaion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond
plat, salon la cas. Tous los autras axamplairas
originaux sont fiimAs 1% commonpant par la
pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta
d'imprassion ou d'iilustration at an tarminant par
la darniAra paga qui comporta una taila
amprainta.
Uci das symbolas suivants apparattra sur la
darniAra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la
cas: la symboia — ^ signifia "A 8UIVRE", la
symbolo y signifia "FIN".
Las cartas, planchas, tablaaux, ate, pauvant Atra
filmAs A das taux da rAduction diff Arants.
Lorsqua ki document ast trap grand pour Atra
raproduit •n un saul ciichA, il ast f llmA A partir
da I'sngia supAriaur gaucha, da gaucha A droita.
at da haut an bas, an pranant la nombra
d'imagas nAcassaira. Las diagrammas suivants
illustrant la mAthoda.
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
S
6
LV
*^,
%-:
I "V »->;,
m-
ml-
VOYAGES,
ARITIMK ADVENTURES
AMD
COM'fERCIAL ENTERPRISES,
IN ALL PARTS OF THI WORLD:
COMPRISING A PERIOD OF TWENTY-FOUR YEARD,
IN EVERT KIND OP CRAFT, PROM THE BOAT OP TWENTT-PIVB TONS. TO TBI
INDIAMAN OP ONE THOUSAND TONS, «
Mmm 9K «m »«>■« &AA(8>»sova ax» wuju^sbsstovu
BY R, J. CLEVELAND.
** I loT«— «li1 how I k^ ti> Idc
On the flerce, foamiag, biiirting Ude.
♦• ♦ \- ♦
I iMver WM on the dull tem^ •hore.
But 1 loved the great ica more and more."
I/)NDON.
R. AlACDf)NALD, 30, GREAT SUTTON STRBBf,
CLBRKINWKll*
\ i 7 9 a 1 .^'^ ^^ skmng.
ir\
l\
. r , t
f )
.-^-l^.!,
>v
-Si,
CLEVELAND'S VOYAGES, &C.
INTRODUCTION.
Thf character of the citizens of New England
fbir enterpriae and industry is very generally ac-
\ nwwledged. Being, for the most part, obliged
[to seek ti^eir own fortunes, they are early accus-
itomed to the endurance of privations, and to
I those industrious and firugal habits which lead
I to competence and wealth. In the pursuit of
that independence of which all are more or less
idesirous, there have been instances of daring
[enterprise, of persevering determination, of dis-
I regard of fatigue and sullitring, which are very
, remarkable ; but which pass unobserved firom
their frequency, no less than l^m the unobtru-
I sive habits of the actoc
A ^mple account of such enterprises, drawn
['from journals and letters written at the time the
> ievents therein related occurred, is here given to
.the public.
More than forty>fivc years have elap&ed since
the first of the voyages here narrated was un-
k^ertaken ; and more than twenty since the com-
Ipletion of the last. It is apparent thaf^lhey
Ifpo^sess but in a small degree the power to in-
[ terest that would have been excited had they
been published at the period of their perform-
Lance ; yet this delay in their publication may, on
ime oonsideratio:*^, enhance their value. It
nay be interesting to the young merchant to
race some of the great revolutions in the com-
merce of the world which have occurred within
[the above-named periods ; and those of advanced
I age may be induced to recur to by-gone ijays,
with pleasing, even if accompanied with melan-
choly associations.
For several years preceding the date ot the
jfirst of my voyages, the merchants of the United
Itates, and particularly those of Salem, carried
|on an active and lucrative commerce with the
, Isles of France and Bourboa, which was con-
; thiued up to the period of the conquest of those
isUnds by the British, liBce which it has nearly
, ceased. That important product of our conn-
[try, cotton, which is now its greatest and most
[valuable article of ejqrart, employing a greater
i amount of tonnage than any othor, was then on-
known M an article of export from the United
States ; and the little required for the consump-
tion of our domestic fabrics was imported from
Demerara, Surinam, and the West India Islands.
The trade to the north-wett coast of America,
which, for about twenty-five years, was actively
and almost exclusively pursued ^rom Boston, on
an extensive sole, and to great advantage, has ligr
some years been abanddned, from the sevdfy
and high price of fun, caused by the oompe>
tition of the Russians, who have gradnally ad-
vanced their posts far to the south of thoae
places where my cargo vraa collected, and where
they were not then seen. The sealing voyages,
which vrere prosecuted most aetivdy tnm Viim
Haven, Norwich, and Stonington, princtiNdly to
the Island of Bf asafuera, and by whidi svddan
and large fortunes were made, have, tar many
yecrs past, been productive of little comparative
advantage to the few yet engaged in than, aid
this in consequence of the animal's being dAoft
annihilated. -'
Our cargoes from China, vrfaich werelbnneit|^
paid for in these fhrs, and in Spaniah doBidn^
are now procured for bOUr <« Bnf^lan^ iUr
opium, and for Bnropean and AnMrieaa fdHrfat.
The cotton and silk manufsctatea of. IndDatot
constituted formerly, almost exdnabdyr tte
cargoes of our ships from Calcutta, ' wyell
were paid for in Spikn^ ddlan, and wkidi
genorally yielded large profits. At this iiiM
onr eotton fsbries are so mudi better ani
eheqier, as entirdy to have snpenedetl thn
importation of thoset nnd most of the artiai«>«
which now oompoaa a eargo from Cdcntta, «■«
oepting saltpetre and banduaa, wttt tta*
scarcely known there as artidea of eipo^^fi
this country. Bills on England in payment ilw
these cargoes, as well aa for thoae iaden at other
ports of India, have been snbstitatedinr Bpaidsh
dollars, whiA formerly were indiapenaaUe ttt
the prosecution of this trade.
When I first visited the porta of BnaQ» at
Chili, of P^ru, of Mexico, and of CaUfonda, they
had been for ages, and were thai, so eidnahMy
used for their own respective flags, that ^ ad»
mittance of one of a foreign nalkm mw gnwtadi
only on the most palpable evidmm of «,
sity which it would be inh^maa noi to t-„
When admitted, no individual belm^^iBf t»
vessel was permitted to laud, or to »■?*»<
streets of the dty, without the dtaagraaaUe eiw
cumbrance of a soldier following hiu ; haooe the
difficulty of obtainhig information, and oima*>
quently the meagre accounts given of the maa^
ners and customs of those nattena»
The revduaons in those coontriaa which htie
CLEVELAND S VOYAGES.
1^
••*»•
been effected with so much intUvidual distreu,
and 80 great lou of life, though far from having
produced the prosperity and happiness antici-
pated by their most enUghtened patriots, have
nevertheless caused their ports to be thrown
open for the aduiinion of the flags of all natk>n|i.
This has afforded opportunities to strangers for
positing them, which have been abundantly im.
proved; and the numerous and elaborate ac-
counts of them which have been given to the
T'/orld, within a few years, by literary men, who
possessed the requisite leisure and opportunity
for the purpose, seemed to obviate the necessity
of my attempting to enlarge on those subjects.
llie same reason forbade the attempt at more
tlum cursory and passing descriptions of coun-
tries, cities, customs, and manners in other parts
of the globe, visited by me for objects exclu-
•ively of a commercial character.
Equally, if not even more remarkable' than
the changes above mentioned, are those observ-
able at the Sandwich Islands, since my first visit
-there in the year 1799. Then the inhabitants
were but little elevated from the barbarous state
in which they were found by Captain Cook ;
now they are comparatively a civilised people,
sensible of the value of instruction, and eager to
obtidn it; cultivating their fields, and, by an
extendi^ and increasing foreign trade, affording
a most remarkable instance of the ameliorating
and humanising effects of commerce.
. In these days of philanthropy, when there are
so many zealous advocates and active promoters
ef the great and truly benevolent cause of Tem-
perance, it is proper and becoming in every
wellwisher to the advancement of this cause, to
aid it in every way in his power. With such
impressions, and with the favourable opportunity
now presented, I should consider it reprehensi-
ble to withhold from the public a statement of
fkiets relating to myself personally, and which no
other consideration than the hope of doing good
would induce me to make, although they may
be viewed by many as not the least extraordi-
nary nf the facts which have been narrated.
I an not, nor have 1 ever been a member of
ft Temperance Society; but I was a practical
temperance man long before such societies were
dlreamed of. At the period when I began my
nautical career, it was a universally-received
maxim, that drinking grog and chewing tobacco
wen two essential and indispensable requisites
ffnr making a good seaman. So omnipotent is
euatoM, and so powerful is satire, that although
the absurdity of such a maxim must be apparent
to evfcry one, I have nevertheless seen many
young men repeatedly made sick before over-
coming the disgust, and some of them after-
wards became miserable dntnkards. As alcohol
and tobaoco were in no degree less offensiva to
me than I had evidence of their being to my as-
sociates, it appeared to me, that to submit to
the ridicule rather than tu the sickness was
selecting the least of the evils, and I acted
accordingly.
Those who may honour me with a perusal of
my narrative, will perceive that I have navigated
to all parts of the world, from the sixtieth (ie.
gree o€ south latitude^ to the sixtieth dcgrpr>
north ; and sometimes in vessels whose diminu-
tive size and small number of men caused ex-
posure to wet and cold, greatly surpassing what
is usually experienced in ships of ordinary capa-
city ; that I have been exposed to the influence
of the most unhealthy places ; at Batavia, where
I have seen whole crews prostrate with tlie
fever, and death making havoc among them ; at
San Bias, where the natives can stay only a por-
tion of the year ; at the Havana, within whose
walls I have resided five years consecutively ;
that I have suffered captivity, robbery, imprison-
ment, ruin, and the racking anxiety consequent
thereon. And yet, through the whole, and to
the present sixty-eighth year of my age, I have
never taken a drop of spirituous liquor of any
kind ; never a glass of wine, of porter, ale^ or
beer, or any beverage stronger than tea and oof-
fee ; and, moreover, I have never used tobacco
in any way whatever ; and this, not only with-
out injury, but, on the contrary, to the preser-
vation of my health. Headache is known to nic
by name only; and excepting those fevers,
which were produced by great anxiety and ex-
citement, my life has been free from sickness.
The following narrative will enable the reader
to form a comparison between a seaman's pro-
fession and bis own ; and, possibly, after pe-
rusing it, he will be less disturbed by the annoy,
ances which peculiarly beset him. He will per-
ceive, that the master of a merchant-ship, in
whom are united the duties of navigator and
factor, is subjected to great care and responsi-
bility, even on ordinary and well-defined voy-
ages. These are greatly augmented when the
enterprise is enveloped in darkness, from the
unknown political state of the countries whithet
he is destined ; from the contingencies which
may be presented to him ; and from the neces-
sity of great circumspection, decision, and
promptitude, in the choice of them. If he is
timid and afraid to enter a port where there is
uncertainty of a friendly reception, it may cause
the ruin of his voyage. If, on the contrary, he
is bold, and enters such port, confiding in the
protection of existing treaties and the laws of
nations, he may also become the victim of ar-
bitrary power, confided to unworthy and igno-
rant individuals. If success attend his enter-
prise, when returning home with ample com-
pensation for his labour, he runs the risk of
having it all snatched from him by some hungry
satellite of that great high-sea robber, termed
" His" or " Her Majesty." Thus, in addition to the
ordinary perils of hurricane and storms, of rocks
and shoals, he has to incur the greater ones of
the cunidity and villany of man.
Of the ordinary labour qnd fatigue attendant
iriU, and I aoted
AND COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES.
ron the profcMion, the same individual would
ifonn opposite conclusions in diiTerent circnm-
Ittances. The man who makes a winter's p«s-
liage from Europe to America, and encounters
(the usual storms and severity of weather pecu-
to that passage, will probably pronounce the
[ teaman's life to be the hardest, the most dan-
[•erous, the most irksome, the most wearing to
[body and mind, of any one of the pursuits of
lan. On the contrary, he who sails from the
Jnited States to Calcutta, to China, or to South
lerica, avoiding our winter's coast, may per-
iform the voyage without experiencing a gale of
[kreater severity than would require the sails to
|De reefed, a pleasing excitement when the ne-
essity is of rare occurrence ; a^d he would pro-
bably decide, that no profession is so easy, so
Ipleasant, and so free from care, as the seaman's.
fThesc arc the two extremes, between which, as
lay t)e supposed, there are gradations, wtiich
ill tend to incline the scale one way or the
|)ther, according to circumstances.
The experience of more thk twenty years
passed in navigating to all parts of the world
has led me to the conclusion, that though the
hardships and privations of a seaman's life be
, eater than those of any other, there is a com-
pensation in the very excitement of its dangers,
the opportunity it affords of visiting different
[>untrie8, and viewing mankind in the various
idations between the most barbarous and the
[most refined ; and in the ever-changing scenes
|Vrhich this occupation presents. And I can say,
ith truth, that I not only feel no regret for
iliaving chosen this profession rather than any
[other, but that if my life were to be passed over
[again, I should pursue the same course.
Cambridge, United States,
1842.
CHAPTER 1.
I Commercial ndiication. — Mr. Derby, of Salem, the
father of American commerce to India.— Hit liber-
ality. — The author's desire (o viait distant coun-
tries. — Resolves to gntiTy it. — ^His first voyage.
—Its resalts.^Other voyages.— Appointed master
of the Enterprise. — Voyage to the lue of Bourbon.
— Copper sheathing.— Betnm to Salem.— Voyage
to Havre.— Disappointed hope»— the Enterprise
■ent home. — The author fits out a cutter on his
own acconnt. — His reasons for the adventure.
^Anietv of his friends.- Reaolvas to sail for
the Isle of France.— DiSeulty of procuring a crew.
— S^la from Havre.— A gale. — Compelled to run
a-shore. — Narrow escape. — Ezeelleat conduct of
the people, who assist to get the vessel off.— Re-
turn to Havre to repair damage.— Deswtion of
the crew.— Fidelity of a negro.— Lateness of the
season. — Despondency.
In the ordinary coune of a commercial educa-
tion, in New Engfhuid, boys are trantfinnred (irom
school to the merchant's desk at the age of four-
teen or fifteen. When I had reached my four,
teenth year, it was my good fortune to be re-
ceived into the counting-house of Ellas Basket
Derby, Esq., of Salem, a merchant, who may
justly be termed the father of American com-
merce to India ; one, whose enterprise and com-
mercial sagacity were unequalled in his day, and,
perhaps, have not been surpassed by any of his
successors. To him our oouqtry is indebted for
opening the valuable trade to Calcutta, before
whose fortress his was the vessel to display the
American flag; and, following up the business,
he had reaped golden harvests before othe^ mer-
chants came in for a share of them. The first
American ships seen at the Cape of Good Hope
and at the Isle of France, belonged to him. His
were the first American ships which carried ear-
goes of cotton from Bombay to China ; and .
among the first ships which made a direct
voyage to China and back, was one owned by
him. He continued to prosecute a successftd ^
business, on an extensive scale, in those coun-
tries, until the day of his death. In the trans-
action of his affairs abroad, he was liberal,
greatly beyond the practice in modem times,
always desirous that every one, even the for^
mast-hand, should share the g^ood fortune t6
which he pointed the way ; and the long list o^
masters of ships, who have acquired ample for-
tunes in his employment, is a proof both of his
discernment in selecting and of his generosity in
paying them. .
Without possessing a scientific knowledge of
the construction and sparring of ships, Mr. Der-
by seemed to have an intuitive faculty in judgikig
of models and proportions ; and his experiment^
in several instances, for the attainment of swift-
ness of sailing, were crowned with a success un-
surpassed in our own or any other country. Htf
built several ships for the India trad<^ im*
mediately in the vicinity of the counting-hons^t
which afforded me an opportunity oi iMconftiny
acquainted with the building, spurtng, and rig-
ging of ships. The conversations, to which I
listened, relating to the countries then newly vi-
sited by Americans, the excitement on the return
of an adventure from them, and the great profits
which were made, always manifest from the re-
sult of my own little adventures, tended to tti-
mulate the desire in me of visiting those coun-
tries, and of sharing more largely in the advan
tages they presented. Consequently, after having
passed four years in this course of instruction, I
became impatient to begin that nautical career
on which I had determined, as presenting the
most sure and direct means of arriving at inde-
pendence; and, in the summer of 17M| I em-
barked on my first voyage. It was one of only
three months' duration ; but it was sofficieat to
produce a most thorough disgust of tlM jpursuit,
flrom the severe suffering of Bea>siduiMS i so
that, if I had perceived, on my retuis^ «af #■>
pect on shore equally promising, I ihovild Mm
m
CLEVBI.ANDS VOYAGta,
! -
i
abandoned the sea. None, however, presenting
tself, I persevered, and finally overcame the
difficulty.
Having in this, and other voyages to the East
and West Indies and to Guro|>e, acciuircd the
experience and nautical skill deemed siifHcient
to qualify roe for ttikin;; the command of a ship,
I was invited, in the autumn of 1795, by the
eldest son of Mr. Derby, to take charge of his
barque Enterprise, and proceed on a voyage *to
the Isle of Dotation. The confidence, thus
evinced, in intrusting the management of a va-
luable vessel and cargo to so young and inex-
perienced a man, for I had then only attained
my niigority, was very gratifying to my ambi-
tion, and was duly appreciated.
In those almost primitive days of our com-
inerce, a coppered vessel was scarcely known in
the United States ; and on the long East India
voyages, the barnacles and grass, which accu-
mulated on the wooden sheathing, retarded the
ahip's sailing so much, that a third more time,
at least, was required for the passages, than is
needed since the practice of sheathing with cop-
per has been adopted. A year, therefore, was
Knerally consumed in a voyage to the Isle of
ance or Bourbon ; and mine was accomplished
within that term. The success attending it was
very satitfitctory to my employer, of which he
gave evidence in dispatching me again, in the
same vessel, on a voyage to Europe, and thence
to Mocha, for a cargo of coffee.
WhUe at Havre de Grace, in the summer of
1797, engaged in making preparations for pur-
luing the voyage, I had the mortification to
learn, by letters from my employer, that some
derangement had occurred in his affairs, which
made it necessary to abandon the Mocha enter-
prise, and to place in his hands, with the least
possible delay, the funds destined for that ob-
ject. Among the numerous commercial adven-
tures in whidi our merchants at that time had
been engaged to the eastward of the Cape of
Ckiod Hope, no voyage had been undertaken to
Mocha. To be the ^t, therefore, in an untried
adventure was highly gratifying to my ambition ;
and my disappointment was proportionally
great when compelled to relinquish it. To have
detained the vessel in France, while waiting the
slow progpvss of the sale of the cargo, would
have been injudicious ; and she was therefore
dispatched for home, under charge of the mate,
William Webb, of Salem.
Being thus relieved from the necessity of an
Immediate retypn to the United States, I flat-
iwed myself tnat, even with the very contracted
means which I possessed, I might still engage,
with a little assistance, and on a very humble
tode, in some enterprise to the Isle of France
And India. When, therefore, I had accom-
plished the business with which I had been
charged, by remitting to the owner in Salem his
property with me, I began .earnestly to put to
the test the practicability of the object of
which I was so desirous. A coincidence of U.
vourable and very encouraging circumstanc(,-«
aided ray views. A friend of mine had become
proprietor of a little cutter of thirty.eight toni
Imrden, which had been a packet between Dove
and Calais. This vessel had been taken for i
debt ; and the owner, not knowing what to do
with her, offered her to me for a rcosonalile
price, and to pay when I had the ability. This
credit would enable me to put all my capital in
the cargo, excepting what was required for co|).
pering and fitting the cutter for the contem-
plated voyage, about five hundred dollars ; leav.
ing me fifteen hundred to be invested in the
cargo. On making known to others ofmyfriendt
the plan of my voyage, two of them engaged to
embark to the amount of a thousand dollars
each, on conditi(m of sharing equally the profits
at Uie end of the voyage. Having become pro*
prietor of the cutter, which, with all additional
expenses, cost, ready for sea, about one thousand
dollars, an investment of articles, best suited to
the market of the Isle of Prance, was purchased
to the amount of three thousand five hundred
dollars ; making vessel and cargo amount to four
thouuand five hundred. It is not probable that
the annals of commerce can furnish another ex-
ample of an Indiaman and cargo being fitted and
expedited on so humble a scale.
I had now the high gratification of uncon-
trolled action. An innate love oi independence,
an impatience of restraint, an aversion to respon-
sibility, and a desire to have no other limits to
my wanderings than the globe itself, reconciled
me to the endurance of fatigues and privations,
which I knew to be the unavoidable consequence
of navigating in so frail a bark, rather than to
possess the comparative ease and comfort, cou-
pled vrith the restraint and responsibility, which
the command of a fine ship belonging to another
would present.
As there are, doubtless, many persons, not ex-
cepting those even who are famUiar with coni-
merciid and maritime affairs, who will view this
enterprise as very hazardous from sea risk, and
as offering but a very small prospect of emolu-
ment, it is proper, so far as I am able, to da
away such impressions by briefly stating the ob-
ject I bad in view. On my late voyage to tliej
Isle of Bourbon, I had perceived a great de
ficiency in the number of vessels requisite for the
advantageous conveyance ot passengers ami
freight to and from the Isles of France and
Bourbon. If my cutter had been built expressly
for the purpose, she could not have been more ,
suitable. With a large and beautifully finished i
cabin, where passengers wotdd be more com-
fortably accommodated than in many vessels o(
greater dimensions ; with but small freighting-
room, and requiring therefore but little time i«
load, and of greater speed in sailing than the |
generality of merchant vessels, I had no (loul)t
of being abl^ to sell her there for more thani
double the <^tt : or I might fmd it to be more {
AND COMMERCIAL EMTERPRISKS.
Ivantagcous to employ her in freighting between
lie islands. In either event, I felt entire con-
ience in being amply remunerated for the time
Id risk. On the cargo, composed of such ar-
eles of my late experience as had proved to he
Dst in demand, I had no doubt of making a
jfit of from fifty to one hundred per cent, on
cost. The proceeds of vessel and cargo, in-
ited in the produce of the island, and shipped
Europe or the United States, would, at that
ic, have yielded a clear gain of thirty-three
one third per cent. Thus, in the course of
! year, I should make two hundred per cent,
the original capital ; a result which might be
|»nsidered abundant compensation for the time
i would consume, and should take Arom the en-
j>ri8e the character of quixotism with which
I had been stigmatised.
As soon as it became known at Havre that
destination was the Isle of France, some of
friends, anxious for my safety, and perceiv-
in the enterprise only the ardour and teme-
of inexperienced youth, endeavoured to dia-
le me from it, by painting to me, in glowing
lours, the distress and probable destruction I
preparing for myself and men. But, bow-
er friendly and considerate the advice, I felt
fself more competent to judge of the risk than
By were, and, consequently, (Usregarded them.*
[The vessel bfeing all ready for sea on the 20th
September, 1797, was detained several days
the difficulty of procuring men. Those who
ire engaged one day would desert the next ;
the dangerous character of the enterprise
hiving been dQscussed and admitted among the
imen in port, I began to be seriously appre-
nsive that I might not succeed in procuring a
Bw. At length, however, with much difficulty,
some additional pay, I succeeded in procur-
four men ; and, having previously engaged a
te, our number was complete.
|To delay proceeding to sea a moment longer
|an was necessary, would have )>een incurring a
of the lost of my men, and the pay I had
Ivanced them. Hence, I was induced to sail
Ihcn appearances were very unauspicious. A
trong north wind was blowing into the bay
|th such violence as already to have raised a
isiderablc sea ; but I flattered myself, that, as
sun declined, it would abate ; that, if we
iild weather Cape Barfleur, we should make a
wind down channel ; and that, if this should
found impracticable, we could, at all events,
turn to Havre Roads, and wait there a more
^vourable opportunity.
With such impressions we sailed from Havre,
the 25th of September. A great crowd had
* In conformity with a coux^ition in the contract
br the veuel, she was called the CaroIiDe. We
^avigdted with such papers only as our foreign con-
mis were, at tliat periud, in the habit of giving on
imilar emergencies ; the bill of sale and consular
ertificate attached, which were respected bv the
elligarents.
■tsenibled on the pier-head to witnesa our deptr-
ture, and cheered us M we passed. It was about
noon, and we were under fidl sail ; but we had
scarcely been out two hours, when we were
obliged to reduce it to a double-reefed mainiail,
foresail, and second-sized jib. With the sail
even thus diminished, the vessel, at times, almoit
buried herself ; still, as every part of the eqtrip>
ment was new and strong, I flattered mysdf
wilh being able to weather the Cape, and press-
ed forward through a sea in which we were
continually enveloped, cheered with the 1m^
that we had nothing worse to experience, nd
that we should soon be relieved by the ability to
bear away and make a free vrind. I was des-
tined, however, to a sad disappointment ; for the
wind and sea having increased towards mid-
night, an extraordinary plunge into t very short
and sharp sea completely buried the vessel, and,
with • heavy crash, snapped off the bowsprit by
the board. The vessel then luffed into the wind,
in defiance of the helm, and the first shake ot
the foresail stripped it from the bolt rope.
No other alternative now presented, than to
endeavour to regain the port of Havre ; a task,
under existing circumstances, of very dUBcidt
and doubtful accomplishment. The sea had inm
creased in so great a degree, and ran so shu^
that we were in continual apprehension of hav-
ing our decks swept. This circumstance, com-
bined vrith the sea-sickness, which none esaqped,
retarded and embarrassed the operation of wear-
ing round on the other tack. The violent mo-
tion of the vessel had also prevented the pos-
sibility of obtaining sleep ; indeed, no person
had been permitted to go below before the dis-
aster, and none had thf^ disposition to do so
afterwards ; but all were alert in the perform-
ance of their duty, which had for its immediate
•bject the getting of the vessel's head pointed
towards Havre.
This was at length effected ; but, as we had
no spar suitable for a jury bowsprit, we could
carry only such part of our mainsail as was
balanced by a jib, set in the place of a foresail.
With this sail we made so much lee-way, tlut it
was evident, as soon as daylight enabled me to
form a judgment, that we could not reach Havre ;
nor was it less evident, that nothing but an
abatement of the gale could save us from bdng
stranded before night. With ttie hope of this
.abatement, the heavens were watched with an
intensity of interest more easily imagined than
described ; but no favourable sign, appeared,
and before noon we had e\1deBce of being to
leeward of the port of Havre. We now cleared
away the cables and anchors, and secured vrith
battens the communications with the cabin and
forccitstle. While thus engaged, the man at
the masthead announced the appalling, but e&>
pected intelligence, of " breakers under the lee."
This information had the effect of an electric
shock to rouse the crew from that apathy wMdi
was a natural consequence of twentytfeurhou»,
%
I > '
'i
1
«xtii)inm to fx^ti iKtiimiP. IncpR^nnt wrt mui
Mill, nnil ««»t of ulrrp a»i( fViml j Un wp linil
not itrcn alite to rook nny ttiiof[(. lltp rrt|iliUty
With whii'h wc Mpre ilr'lvro to Irrwnnt. noon
tottitp tttP hiTitVpi-s ilio'rniiltio on ilrrk i nml
ihey wprp nf *\\v\\ p\tp«*, nn to Irnvr »i« no
choirp whpttipf WT Itrndpil PB«t oi «p«t, for the
fbrlofw hn|M> of Mng IipIi^ l»y to»r nnrliom \\n%
aU ttint irmAinpO to wn. No onp on Ititnnt |toH.
BpAsnd nny kno\v1pi1|tp of thp »hoii> wp wprp np-
rtoArhtnir ; hut out- rhmt itpMotpit tt wim rorky.
t wn^ p«*y loppn'plvp. ttmi to l)p thrown nniong
ilH»Ks, h)- %nr\\ A «PA, ninut hp thp tipstnu'tlon of
Ml all Hpnrp H wmn of thp ntnmot tniport«ncp
to dlipovrr, nnd to nnrhor otT. thp |tnrt of thp
thorp whh'h unppm-pfi to t»p most t>TP ft-otn
rocks i and with this v<p\\ thp mntr ««» looking
Ottt f^Ttm thp niiiKthrh;i. As hp prroplvpil nn
lk|»|M»i-pntly rlonr t)p«rh pAst of ns, nml witliSn
rt«r nhihiy of rrnrhinir, \vp strnvil (Wr H; nml
whrn thp xvnirr was on\y six fnthonis itcop, wr
low-crrd onr sniU nnd oftino to nnrhor. But ns
onr nnrhor Hrn^rgrd, n spriunl wns Irt an^, whirh,
fM n moment only, hmnptht thp vphspT hpnd to
the son, whpn onr rnh'ir pnr*" * ; An«tns wt wrn*
ilttftinc rnplHly with thr othor, w-e rnt it, then
JiotstPd the )ih, nr,n strnvd diirrtU fhr thp olpnr
mpiict In the hrs.-l*. (Joiup; on with (nrnt vrlo-
iii\\ on the top of n high h-.rnkrr, wp wrrr soon
enXTftlor/Pd in its fonni, nnd in thnt of srvrrnl
Othpl-s whioh snrrrrdcd. Thr vrssel, howrvrr,
notxvfthfctnndinn; shr r-tnu'K thr girrnnd with n
N-iohmro whirh npnrmrd snltirirnt to ilnsh her
to «iwp«, still hrld t(>frrtlior, in doflnnrt» of this
ann wxvi'nl minoi' shocks 5 nnd, ns thr tidr wns
fnUing, shp soon htvnmr so still, nnd thr wntrr
W> shoal, ns to rnnhle U|.to go on shoiv.
As tho nlniw gtin"n*d Wn tiivd, thr yoa-
tantry had comr dow n in great nxmihors ; nnd
lahen thpv i>rivpi<-pd ns lenxinf the x-e ssrl, they
ran inh. the snil", «nd.»ith 8\i^ domonsti'ntions
of hnmnnity and kindness ns onr f>rlom sitna-
tion wns rnlndntrd to excite, ^np|>ortrd lis to
the shore, which we had no sooner ir ached thnn
tJ»«>- complimented ns on the jndicions seleetion
tre hnd made ot'n pln^v to <^mc on show. And
as it was now oh\io\isto os.that if we had stnick
half a mile, either on one side or the other, fi-om
^is spot, the«H» would ha>-c l>een scarce a pos-
rilnlity of saving om lives.
We were fortunate, not only in the selection
«f the spot, Init alsii in the ciivumstnnce of its
being nearly high water when the vessel stnick.
The concmTentv of two i^uch cii\>nmstances
turned the scale in myfawur ; and immediately
•fter landing 1 was ivrnxinced that the vessel and
cargo, though much damaged, would both he
sa\v^. When the tide had so fallen as to leave
the vessel dry, tho inhahitants showed no dis-
|)osition to t«ke advantnge of our distress, hy
«tip«ilating for a certain proportion of what
they might save, before going to work ; hut,
|Honi]4ed hj tb.-ir humane feelings, set about
diachiiifing the vessel, in s;ich numbers and
t»lth surh ei>rv.eNtn,>s«, that heftire .nmspl .<„
wasromptrtply unlonilpd, nnd the cargo ratrlH
bIu)\p higN-water mark.
thr gnir, townrds rvrning, hnil vpry uiupIi
ahalrd, nnd. Iipforr llip nrtt high- water. w»,
fortunntply stirrrpdrd hy n rnlni pjhI n grpat i|i.
rrpnsr of spn. In thp nirnn »lmi Ihrlrnks, nini|>
In thp bottom, wrrpxtopppd, ns well nstimmtnl
eirnunstanrps would priudtj an anchor was rnr
rlrd ns far as thp rplrrnt of the tidp would admit.
and thr cahir hovp tnut. Having made tlu'w
dispositions, I pugagrd n pilot and a sufliri
nunihrr of men to attenti, at fiill tide, to hm
tlu> vrssri »»tT, anil to rndraviuir to rrnmve It
Into thr rivrr thinr, which was nrar hv. Th
nrrnngpiuruts bring mndr, I wrnt with my mm
to nn Inn. In thr nrighhouring town oft)lslrp
ham, to grt somr rrfrrslunrnt, nnd to pass tlip
night I romprllril hy pxhnustlon to place nititi
deppndrfu'p on tho«r who wrrr strangers to m«,
for grttiug thr vessel nllont, ns well as to sernrr
the rnrgo fnnn being pinndrreil.
Though worn out by fntlgue nnd nnxlniy, my
distress «>f minti wns so great that I et>uld iu»«
sleep. The thoughts, thnt I hnd contraetnl r
debt which I might never be able to pay, tlmi
no insurance hnd been etlVcteil, that, wlthnu'
civdit, I might br impelled to laeriltce vmp.i
had hern snxnl to ilrfl-av the expenses Inenn-ril,
and that n\\ fortunr and pr»»spect!> ..pre rulnetl.
were so Incessantly haunting my Imagination,
that thr night rnlhrr nddrd to than diminishni
my frrlings of rxhnustion.
Thr following morning I found the vessel lylnf
safely in the rivrr thine } and men were al«i
thrjv, irady to make those teumorary rejialni
which we»*e indispensable to enable ns to return
to llnvie. In the fotrnoon it xvns reqniretl of n\»
to go to fnen ^two or three miles distant) for'
the p<u-pose of making the customary repoH to
the municipal nutlu>rlties, which was • busi-
ness of very little iutrit-ney nnd of very speedy
ac»'ontplishment. An examination of the vessel
nnd cargo satisfied me that the former conhl Is-
rejiaitrd at a x-ery trifling expense, nnd that the
latter wns not dniuagcd «o much amount. Tkf
nlaerity to irnder ns assistance, in the |»eoplcof
this place, from the beginning of our ilisaBter,|
was extendetl to the period when, the cargol
having ))een trans)Hntcd to the x-essel and re-I
8hip)>eii, we xverc pi-epaivd to i"etur« to llaxTo,
As in case of x-essels stranding, it seems to Ik
a imtctice, sanctioned by long-established usagv
^partictdarly on the other side of the Channel,^
to consider the unf«>rtunate as those alMndond j
hv Heaxen, fntm whom mav lawfully be takfn
all that the elenieuts have s|>arcd, t xvas pro-
l>aiv»l for n demand of salvage to 1 eonsideral'le
amount. Itut in thi« vpeiMation I found I hsii
done great injnstice to these g^nul people ; for.
on pivsenting their n«vouut, it api^eared tlifj
had chai-ged no mo!>e than tor oixlinary lalwur,
and that at a »v- . .noderAte i-ate. !t is a cir-
cnmstance a?»< \^•r\ creditable *o them, th»t
V
IHHwHh^Umllitt >. 1MH'k«Kr* »»f Hi*" rntnn. nf
»M.»» vnltir. n»i»l "f «ti<'» '»•!•< "^ '•» '"• *'"""?'
.11111 .ilivl, wrrr in «l»»'ir p<i«^p<i«ioii, rtrliiiltrrlT.
»r M'vrrnt tlnv« mnl nlftlitv yrt iHttliJiin wn^
9$\. MlliiiMitii ♦'!''«»• »rnn«nf«lfm>« iiri» of n iliitf
r«'?t»»»i', ♦!««* |irtiJmlilv mnnjr «»f tlir nrfoM
ilrri'iii lintp " rfiim-il fnnii tliplrmrtltly IhIhhim,"
J"! I n»«vi'r rt'inll «lirMi to minH, wHlii»it» » frfl-
Ig of rimi|»iini'»l"n (Imt I lifl'l not n«itr««Jnp«l
ip nn»(U"< of «lir |iiii»fl|ml«i ill Uif »Mi«iiii>**, n»i«l
Itilr tlint imlilli' nrkiiowliilniiUMit for Hip iIH-
itrrrMcil mill htniortmit "o-rvlrrti rrmtrrcil hip.
rtiitit urntlHiilp, iio |pM*!imiJMMifn, ilpiiimiilpil.
W llii« oiiil*«lrtn my jiPrtiirlipil «»ii»e of fiiJml l«
It only npoloitv
■>VHli M fnvournlilp wlml for llnvrr, wp pro-
fOptl for lliiif port, wliprp we nrrivpil In nlmiit
lit ilnv" nftpr ImvliiR ubIIpi! from tliprp. TIip
i-pption I iiipt with lit llnvrp, from my friptnl
ImPK Priiit'p, K!»t|., »»f HoMoii, who wn« mi.rp
.;tp|v liitprpdtptl in th« mlvpiitiirn tl . .. itny
Rurimllvitlnnl ptrfptiiin my»plf. w«« MmJ ' ••
Irmlly In tiip pxtrriiip, nml IpihIpiI In p«»imt«'r-
M the pflVfU of my ilfpp morliflration, uihI to
IUp my «pirlt« for tlip pnwpciitlon of tlip v.:\
innl pliin. Up rpllpvpil my nnxli'ly rpUlivp to
llp iiipno^ of rlpfrnylng tlip cxiiposph of rppulip. lit
tcnfciOK 'o proviili' fhriii. IIp gnvp niP :i rooio
i lilsliomoM nml wlillr I wiw ill tliprp (for Itiin
[Hill not pscnpp). Iip fufilllntpil my rerotpry hy
in (WP nml kimliiPdM. WHIi «iuli itttpntlolit,
ly lipnitli wni noon rp-pMnliliiliP'l, my Mflrltii
jjlipwnl, niul I poisiipil tlip rt-pnlrliig imA re-
ling thp vi'MpI t^i(ll my npciiMompil antonr.
On putnmlimtlon of tlip mrgo, it t»m» foiinil to
vpry llttip ilnmnRPil. T!ip vpmpI wfl« lon-
|ri«'r«lily Injiirpfl m. iipnr the kool, tlint it wan
IrcRimry to Iny lipr on hlooktt, wlipr« It wiw clls-
^vpr(>«l iii5t tliP lowpi pinnk wnn ro miirli
okpn timt kevprni fppt of It wonlil rpq«ii-e to Ik"
jtlnopil witli npw. Tliin lipiiiR nccmiipllslip'i,
ke otiipr rppnirf mmlp, nml tlip rnigo nftnin put
lionril, tliprc wnn nolliiiintoprpvent prooppd-
immpdlntply to upb, pxoepting a difflnilty
pninning mpn, wliloli RPPined to Iip Ininir-
lonutnlilo. No oiip of my formRr crew, exreiit-
Ig A Mack innn (fJpoige), would try It again,
fc IihjI nrriviMl iil tlie close of (lie inontTi of
jvemher; ami oat-h day's delay, hy the ad-
ku'c of winter, increased the difllciilty and
Inger of onr enterprisi*. Indeed, the westerly
lies were nlrer.;?y of frequent oconrrenrp } the
lights had lierome long, and when 1 heard the
fowling winds and hraling rain, and recollected
what a frail hoat I hnd to contend with them,
wished that my destiny had marked nut for me
I task of leas difficult accomplishment.
OIIAITRk fl.
M
I
lti.rM»i<»lrflfl»i-olilM.— F<Mif rf.»w8 In thra* waala.—
Turtlal d'lcpi-si.— Hulls «iisln from Ha»ra.— 'i«li
imuMKii ilowii Channel— I'sM Ushawl— llawtrtp-
tton nf tlia cffiw.— Tha faithful »egr«, (li»r||«->-
IIIm ImtiMiy and eonraga— Hl«f"ni««l» hmiumu-
HiMitlnrM nf th« rnrnpaia.— A aUtAf for M«iaHtl
— tipiifga ami ih* plg.—flanji'rwii memiaiM
with iIimAInp frlMl* — ArtUal nffOaillSt— >A aiHN*
— Hoarilad hr a Pronrli PrUatMir.— I'aaa ihtCifW
•In V(ir<»*» lufalirfs.— ( 'r««s iha K»pial«r.--Afrlfal
ni tli«t(;a|NI0f OmmI Hnpf.— Iniafviflw with Iha
A.liiilrat.— ittrfirlsnaml corlwslty «f iha InhaWl-
niitM,— .4u«|NN>t<*<l ■« Ffprieh spies— tfit'.dncttoli
ut th« fliitarnMr.— Papers mrarolnail.— tlia tasaal
piifrlmsmi hy tlio Aflmlral — f'bstuplrs In «lls-
n<mlii|( itf Iha cnrgfl.— 'I'hs rmial dlsoatphed tut
liiilia, antl naffr saain hMfd cir.— The anibor'a
tlnlenlion at thn lispe
The dlfflpulty of procuring men aeenied to In-
crease with each additional day'* dfltfltitioti.
Tlinse whom I engaged one day, would deaert
the ne»t, alarmed hy some exaggerated story of
our Hrst attempt. In the cunri«e of three waekso
I shipped no less tlinii four dilTerent men
tfiates, and as mnny difTerent crews, and cm!
in turn, ahandoned me. At length I pro«uri
nn active and cnpahle young seaman from
Nantucket ship, one wliom the captain reoomJ
mcmlpd, as n iiintp, and another man and ahoy
in addition to George, wiio hnd held trne to h\n
engagnnent. I was desirous of procuring one
more, hut my attempt to do so waa nnsu'-cesa-
ful I nml fearing that, hy any delay for thia
piirfKise, I might losfltthose already on board, 1
sailed immediately.
Our expeditlRtt bad Ii4||me n suhject 9f M-
neral conveNnttPtlln the toln i and the diflloully
nf getting aw||MJMliidiaman (as ahe was called)
was known 4b flJvy one. The <lity, therefore,
that wa jailed, itie pier-head was again thronged
with people, who cheered us as we passed oy,
wishing us un hon vnyagp t hut no small portion
of them considered us as iHiund to certain de-
struction. It was now the twenty-flrst day of
Decemher ; a season of the year when tlie loaa
of a few hours only of the easterly wind, then
Mowing, might he attended witli disagreeable, if
■ot disastnnis conserpiences. We therefore sat
all our sail to improve it, and, while making
rapid progress towards the channel, were brought
to hy a Hritisli frigate, commanded by Sir R.
Strachan. The hoarding officer was very civil.
He declared our enterprise to be a very daring
one; caused us as little detention as possible,
nnd, returning to his ship, immediately made
the signal that we might proce<'d.
it was soon very evident, that no iierson on
l)oard, excepting the mate and myself, was
capable of performing the very common and in-
dispensable business of steering; nnd though
there was no doubt our men would soon learn,
yet, in the mean time, we had the prospect be-
fore 08 of a tedious, though not very laborioai
10
CLRVei.ANDS VOYAflFS
1^
course of duty. As ttie >«!n(t cnntimieit tn lie
fiiv:>nr«l»ln, our passage domi tlie clinnnel was
«My and expcditiou(> ; and the day after leaving
Havre \vc passed by and in sight of the island
of Ushant. We were now in a position to feel
the fvU clTect of the westerly gales, which are
BO prevalent at this season of the year ; and, in
order to have plenty of sea-room, In case of en-
countering one, t directed a course to he steered,
which shnnhl carry ns wide of Cape Ortegal.
A sufficient time had now elapsed, since leav-
Ing Havre, <\\ being the thinl day,) to give me
a very tolerable knowledge of my crew i whose
characters, peonliarities, and accomplishntents
were such, that a sketch of them may not be
without interest to thi' reader. My nmte, Hen-
ben Dames, was a yotuig man of nineteen or
twenty, a native of Nantucket, who having been
engaged in the whale fishery, had profited by
that excellent schiol to acquire, not only the
knowledge of the seaman's profession, but also
enough of the mechanic arts to fish a spar with
dexterity, to caulk a seam, or to ntake a bucket
or a ImmtcI. The intelligence, activity, watch-
ftilnesh, and adroitness of this yonng man re-
ieved me fVom much anxiety and care ; and in
is conduct while with me, he evinced all the
:eadino8s and fidelity which the recommenda-
tion he brought, as well as the place of Itis birth,
had led me to expect.
Decidedly the most important personage of
my foremast hands was the black man George,
who had dared to embark on our second voyage,
after having shared in the disasters of the first.
In his appearance, capacity, and dialect, George
was the veriest negro that can be imagined.
l'V>r honesty, fidelity and coW'age, be may
have Ijcen equalled, but can never have been
•urpasse<l. lie stood about aix feet and three
inches, was rather slender, ^Mlty awkward, and
«f much More sable hue than commoti, but
with an expression of coni\tenance mild and
pleasing. With simplicity of character approxi-
nuiting to folly, he unite<l a degree of self-con-
ceit, which led him to believe, that he could do
whatever could be <lone by another, and, in
•Mne cases, to 8«ippose he could make great im-
Srovemcnts; an instance of which t>ccnrred
efore we had been out a week. In his previous
voyages George had been cook, and had there-
fcre nothing to do with the compass ; bnt now,
having to take his regular turn at steering, he
was greatly pu7.7.1ed with its unsteai^iness. He
could steer in the night with tolerable accuracy,
hy giving him a star by which to steer ; b<»t the
eotnpaM appeared to Iutu to be calc»dated only
to embarrass. With a view of remedying this
ditScolty, George had taken off the cover to the
till of h'ia dicst, on which having marked the
points of the oomi>a88, and pierced a hole in the
centre fer the pivot, he brought it aft, and with
great appearance of complacency, and expecta-
tion of aipplause, placed it on deck lieforc the
IvdimnMM, with the proper point directed for-
ward to correspond with the course, and tlipr
exclaimed, " l>air, massa, dat ctmipass \w
teady ; Gcorirc tcer by him, well as anyboily."
Hut this 8im|)li('ity and conceit was more tlmn
redeemed by his tried fidelity, and boinic
courage, of which the following is a remarkniilc
instance. George had been a slave to siiiiif
planter in Savanah; and one day, being in (lif
woods with his master, they encountered an In.
dian, who was hunting. Some dispute arising, (lie
Indian, heving the advantage of being armnl.
threatened to shoot them. In consequence of
this threat, they seired him and took away liii
gun ; hut after a little while, anil with urgent
entreaties and fair pn»mises from him, they were
induced to rettirn it ; first taking the precantinn
to dip it int«> water, to prevent an immedir.tr
use of it. This sewed again to rouse the angnr
of the Indian, who immediately took the readiest
means for drying it. In the mean tlm^ George
and his master had entered a canoe, and. pur-
suing their way in a narrow river or creek, had
got a louff distance fhim the spot where they
left the Indian; when, on looking back, they
perceived him running after them on the bank.
On arriving abreast of them he immediately
took aim, which George perceiving, threw him-
self, as a shield, between his master and tlic
ball, and was so severely wounded, that his life
was, for many weeks, despaired of. After i
confinement of wn months, he entirely re-
covered; and, as a rr'ward, his master 9a vc
him his liberty.
At the time he engaged with me, he had been
a .sailor about two years, ami had been so in-
variably cheated out of his wages, that he ha<i
no other means of clothing himself than the ad-
vance I paid him. Such treatment had been
productive of a tinge of misanthropy; and it
was not until after long acquaintance, that lie
gave me his entire confidence. As this acquaint-
ance continued for many years, (even as longai
he lived,) and as he was a sharer of my various
adventures, I shall have frequent occasion (0
mention his name in connexion with my own,
while narrating them.
My other man had been a Prussian grenadier.
He had served iit the army of the Duke of
Brunswick, at the time of his invading Holland
to restore the authority of the Stadtholder, and
in other campaigns ; but, having a dislike to th<
profession, he had deserted, and had been, alraiit
eighteen months, a sailor in EngUsh vessels.
During this time he had not acquired such 1
knowlediTC of steering, that we could leave him
at the h«;lm without watching him , and, how-
ever brave he may have been in the ranks, Iw
was the veriest cowanl imaginable, when calk'il
to the )ierformance of duties aloft. In addition
to this capacity, he posscsscfl a most ». govern-
able temper ; and, being a jwwerful man, w«
had considerable difiicuUy in keeping him, at all
times, in a state of snliordination ; a ditficiiUj
which was, in some degree, augmented by liii
r-
ANll COM.MKHCIAL ENreui'niSES.
n
,.iry Imperfect Vn»wle<lge of our langnai^c, and
Ihe coii!ie<|iiPiit pniliarrasstncnt lie found in
lakiiig liimsnif tinilnrstood.
The Inst, an well as least, of oiir numbers was
I little Frencl) boy, of fiHirleen years, wlio |»o8-
Msed ail the vivacity peculiar to bis country-
ion, and wlm, having been some time on board
Jic Carmagnole, and other privateers, bad ac-
[uired many of the tricks of a flnisbed man-of-
tr's man. Some months* residence in an Eng-
III prison bad given him the comnnnd of a few
inglish words ; Imt they were not of a selection
bat indicated much care In the teacher.
It was not uncommon for George, the Prus-
jin grenadier, and the Frencli boy, to get Into
I warm debate on the relative merits of their
ipective countries j for they were all men of
eat vivacity and patriotism; and sometimes
lirobably from not understanding each other)
ey would become so angry, as to render it ne-
isary for the mate to interfere to restore tran-
iitllity. At such moments I used to think, that
'Hogarth could have been an observer, his
liiius would have done justice to the group. It
ly fairly be presumed, however, that such a
lip's company, for an India voyage, was never
Ifore seen, and, moreover, that " we ne'er shall
ok upon Its like again."
For several days afl^r passing the Isle of
^Ihant, the wind was ligb.t from north-west and
est- north-west, accompanied with a hetYy
rell from that quarter ; and though our pro-
ess was. In consequence, slow, It was propor-
Dnally comfortable, llefo'e we bad reached
kc latitude of Cape Finisterre, the light wind,
Bforc which we had been sailing with all our
Invats spread, died away, and left us, some
lurs, becalmtid. During this time one of our
had got overboard, and was awlmming
^ay from the vessel. George, being an excel-
^ht swimmer, did not hesitate to go after him ;
ill when he had caught him, at the distance
om us of about twenty fathoms, a light puff of
irin<l, termed by seamen a cat's-paw, took the
Jls aback, and suddenly Increased our distance
jm George, who, perceiving it, and ^oming
iarmed, let go the pig, and awam for the vessel,
rying out lustily, as he approached, " I dead, I
'tad. As he had not been long in the water,
)r used auch exertion as to cause extraordinary
ihanstion, I was apprehensive that he :iiight bo
attacked by a shark. NVethrewtowardsbimaspar,
Hud set immediately about clearing away the Iwat ;
kut before we could be ready to launch It, George
lad seised the spar, and, by its aid, had suo-
Bcded in getting alongside. When taken on
oard lio did not hesitate to express his belief,
khat our going from him was intentional, and
that, liiiil the breeae continued, we should have
Lleft liini for the purpose of saving his wages.
tNor wus it until after long experience, and re-
fpeatedly receiving his wages, when due, that ho
would acknowledge that he liad judged mc er-
roneously.
The day succeeding this adventure we had
another, whlrb had nearly brought our voyage
to a close. Early in the morning we fell in with
the IJritisb frigate, Stag. The wind was »o
light, and Its Influence on the manreuvres of the
ship so counteracted by a deep and hollow swell,
that, getting sternway, her counter came In con-
tact with our broadside with a tremenilottl
force, which threatened immediate destruction,
and which must have been the result, but for
the order, instantlv given and oheved, to " flit
awny." This saved us from a second shock ; and
we were happy to perceive we had received no
other damage than that of breaking the rail. Ttie
officer of the frigate very politely offered to send
their carjientcr on board to repair this ; but I
declined, from my desire of not losing a mo-
ment's time in advancing towards those lati-
tudes where gales of wind were of less frequent
occurrence. When we were released from this
visit, ihc mate Immediately set about exercising
his ingenuity as carpenter { and, with great ap-
plication, he completed the repairs, in a work-
manlike manner, on the third day after meeting
the nocident.
We had now advanced far into the second
week of our departure. The wind, though Ught^
was fair, and the-prospect was favourable for tli#
continuance of good weather. These encourag-
ing circumstances led me to hope, that we ahould
reach the tropical latitudes without encounter-
ing a gale, and also without meeting, what wm
more to be dreaded, any one of thoso Spanish
or French privateers, which had frequented the
track we were passing, and whose conduct, in
many instances, to defenceless merchant Yet-
sels, had nearly equalled that of the .ancient
buccaneers.
We had passed by many vessels, but had care-
fully avoided speaking with any one. At length,
on a very fine morning, aa the aun roM, and
when we were about flftv leagues west of Cadiz,
we perceived a small sail in the north-weat. At
ten o'clock she was equally plain to be aeen ;
and by noon we were satisfied she was In etiaae
of, and was gaining on us. We kept steadily on
our course, hoping that an increase of wind
would i{!ve us an advantage, or that tome other
object might divert their attention. Uut oar
hopes were fallacious. The wind was rather de-
creased ; and when this was the case, we ob-
served she appeared to approach us faster. By
two o'clock we perceived she had latteen aalls,
and hence had no doubt of her l>eing a pri-
vateer. Soon after she began to Are at us, but
the balls fell much short. Aa the v^'ind con-
tinued very light, it was soon apparent, that we
could not escape, as we perceived that her pro-
gress was accelerated by means of a multitude
of sweeps. To run any longer would only have
been incurring the risk of irritating the captitit
of the buccaneer ; we therefore toundid to« and
prepared to lie plundered.
As they came up with us, about Ave o'clock,
la
n.UVKIANh H VtlVAnIrR,
i\\
\:i
f^
thry ignw %w\\ « <^\w\\\ of " Bnnur fnfur .' inn»r
!»H.Vt> '"M \\\\\\\A \w vx\\rv\vA iViMM ItnmliUl n\\\\.
Ptt US WW rortO-rtI I lint I frU rttmlilnnltlp trllrf
rt thp ^MMlrtMrttt. \\\<\\, n< 0(rl» rtrtu htrlicmrti,
Wfy ss-tfv hrwh, nml not Simn^li. \f\n tin'
Mu^Milng l»rt«< i'rn*ri<, ! Wrt< oviltMrtl. In Vriy
rrtm-^»' \f\mn, trt holnl fi\il w\ horti n«tl cinnr? on
hrtAli^ «Hl» «iy j^ltrtn. I irj^llnt ll»nt 1 lti»i<
Mnf wvn «»fttrl«»«l tn ^>^^1 o\it thr Ixtnf. Tin'
rtnlrv wrtm-oMfrrtlri^, nrromprtMiril \\\\\\ t\ \\\\vn\
rtlrtting <nt«> »t^. I il»p« «r«l mv wipultrlow,
Anri wnMnl \\\p \T%\\\{, \\h\v\\ \\n%, tl»n« «l\ry not
«nl thi»4«- own Imrtt. Thr ort<i>rv, who lintji' oo
^nfttM, \ n\\t\\s<i>^f to hnvr Wn tht' »'rt|>(ni« hiio-
tv\ft f^r>w th" rl^vnni^tnnrf rtf \\\^ \w\\\(( n vrty
lt\ti»\)»j»rnt w\nn, n«i< l^-<«« »u |<»r*t'nii' not
l^olnpt «rq\iitril o« hortiM tl»r mivntrrv. A rni
Bovy p\rtmii>rttlon of onv |>rtnrv* ronvinrfil him
i^f 0(«- nr«tinl rhftl-fli'trv ; «ni1 tho i'\ltil>itlo\i of
« jiAMttOvt, wUh A «rn\ nml «i|tnm(nr of one lilRh
J« rtnlno\-<t.y ^n ihp tNrnrh n-ovonunrnt. \\\\\\v W
Mtoninhoil. urnnoi? nUo to snliMV \\\m> tl\nt tlo'
<»»!<^ tnMih^i* rtwt^ i<rti»ntioo 111' n:nvi» »* ihi> hot
twt «» W <mmri\irttr'\y onloivrl \\\% y\\\\\i\n^ to
<^w»m (\rtm olrmitttt rtwrtv for oj^rnlt^n tho
hOtrhMi, w'hh'h lh»>y nnri nhrntlj Wgwn. nmJ ni>
rtrt hrttuM thfiv hortt. whvtv, ntlov wi^ltin^; uw n
p*(ff^ \t>yMT, tt\\\\ tt»(nv)tinn tl^o drtnttion hi>
mA <t»n!»oit, ho ioinoii thrtn ; fttui thry f<'t<nnoi<
<x> rt^rh jmxrttt'or, rtni\ ««iWf< nt pdfunit of othrv
V\\<> w%n\\ rtf th\« ir«»>M>tif \v«* hottor thnn I
\\nA »i«tini>fttt^1. Awsir. n^ I \vn». of tho jt^'Wr-
T*1 «n««lw>tNhn«tirtn on h\y<w\\ of \v«*rU oi thi«
tlt^vn-ijxttnn, \ \\nf\ tVmvtl, thnt o\m H tho rhiof
hud Wn «^isjios»M to |iiv\r'nt \\t» n^on l\"«n«
|>hm<^«»nnjr, <t >>>>nM not h«\v h<vn in hi« iv^\>ov;
nwA \ w-«!« wnoh ivht^wd hy t^n<<injt mysolf n\\%
HVrn.
fnwwinjt h oonvs*^ fiu th«» V^st A<< \ <Mih>
t»<i»n<<i«, Nvo o«mf in night of thotn. th»' thivtiolh
t^AV tfom Wv»ng Uftvw. \t \\!\» luy intontioti
trt sfvip M WtYi Wavs. foohtnin « ^oppU of t'ntit
HtMi >'fti:<»tnW«»s ; hot \ wft^ v'"''^ "'"'"''' '*> •* K*'''
tvfxxind, in xvhirh \>r \h\ to, twi-Uo hom-R. n\u\
)Mt<i A ffciv rt|>|irtimnit\ of lcMii\jt th*' g^uvJ pt»-
«^Ttt<»« of thv >vs>«t'l for thts im|>»>t1«nt pmjv>MV
This xx'M tV rtnly fc*1«' »><" •«> sox^^rMx thAt wr
«\|v»rT<MfioM iltninj^ tho p»s»apfr ; An<i. us rvi-
((ifmv thm it xRUti of no in»v»nsi«1»»r«Mo vioWn****.
« nhx^x oMYW iwto th<» Oa^x» rtf (>t>oa Uopo, thtvo
ti<»l>'s Hfh^vrtw niTtvul thotv, vhioh hhA lost hof
miKf«ftm«i$t in ih<^ nanir jr*lo.
Yt is l^-fU kttoxn-n to aM who h«w iM>ws<yi thf
O0*»fcT». knA mux M»si\x W tniapniM hy thoiw'
%'hv\ hux'^' tiot, t>wt ft pAsjiajro nt ««>« p«ys«»tit» to
t>ir obwtvof 1itt)<> olso. twin «iiix to <Uy, th^n
tlw 8(im^ ttnhonn«i<sl, an<J *,>n trnpn^M olinws^
unvni'ioil hoiSwxn ; tit*' sAtuo «hxss rtf xv»tofs.
«gtt«t<>(\, moiv Of i<»»s. n* it is iiot<»*i tt|>t>n hx thi*
xRiml ; th*" sjnno tvxitino of <lHtios to W jvm--
fortnod on 'iHMtivi, xxhj<'h, in th<> ivmlc xxinds.
>Miw wl<k»tn <xy>n the ot>iina»x oxoitctnont,
\4 iit^d by i^«)«ieing »nd m*King sml ; nnA xxhon
thU ttioiti'Innotiii tittiiitl lit lnti>rtti|t(i<il, liy <t|>Piii,
(it|t It vr^Hrl. hy ftttfhlttn it |»tif|irtl«t»', or I,,
himIiir It xvhitli», thf InHilrnt It np\rvA with n\<
•lily It* nit hn)ttittniii Itrtn in hn Intrrtml tii tii.
'^\\\\\'n loD;-hitok, ot jotitnni of thf ility'n tniii.
itrlion*.
At ont- ftpptlnili".' txitu of tlilt Hml, I Im^
only to nnlh'f, thut txi< notti'il titi* I'lintttm i'
tlti» loiinltmli' of M ' J itnil thiti \\v tni't tUth n
iti'iMti fi'iiffl xvotthy of iio(«< front tltn tlnn- .
ont Irnvlnit tho ('it)ti< iln Vrtilr Itlittnlt to m
itftlvnl lit tho ('it|»i» of tJooil Ho|ir, nti'fiitiiii
thitt, oni< nlftht. \vhi<n prolnpt hofoip th«* wlml x^in
It Mtottn htnt<?i', 1hi< I'tnttinn tohllrf htoimV
nvvf thf innin liomn xxHIt ttirh vlohntrr, itx t
|iml thi' thiM't. nnil tontr nil Ititmlt fioitt tln"
tinnthnt. At tlti'ir txnit n i*onth|ptithh< itpn n
xtnt not tvlthont nirrtf ttlfHctilty tittil titU tlti
tltp hitoiti xvitt rtiritin nefttrpil.
At>rt pitttlnn thi< pi^nitttf, xvr illti-ovi-ii
that onr of ontrittkt of nittrt hml npittly l»'nl<i.
out ; itnil. hitvinfi; fitllril to till n|i thi< iMnpt'
onrt, ii \xnt ilonhtfnl If xvp hml tnt^h-lrnt to run
nt to thi« ltli> of I'litnro. TItit fontlih'ritiiMi'
itnd I hi* tii'^hr of ohtitlniitfi; trflrthniPttIt itml
thott tptpito tVoin tltP fmintitp Itml nnxh'ty "
tnt'h It |titttit)rp, ilptct'ininiMl ntt» to Mop itt ti'
t'jtpi". nt I lt(<lii<vi>tl nito thnt ottf t'iii|irit ttilnii'
hi< «ohl nil\itnlngi>«'.nt|y thi'ii*
Rhii{>htn; ottt oottftp nn'otilittgly, xvf rittttf if
tijritt of tltp Tnhip Motint, on thf'iltf of Mittrli
UftW, InM thtrp tnontht fimn th»> tlini« of ow
liHtvinft linviv. VVt' xvptv ho tttnif In hi>fotvilml
At to pi'lVPlXT. thM XVP XVPI* RlltttnlllMl Itt. til'
l,ion'».h"«il, hnt xvvtv not ithlt* to tritoh thft itn
oh<ni\)ri' nttil hotxvi't-n nitt»» nml tint it'i-lttrK \\
thi* rxri'.inp:. Wo hitil toittvoix ilioppoil onv n\\
ohof, xxhon \xoxxrti> honiiloil iiy it tttitit-of.xvni'v
hont I tho otlhof of xxhioh, tlndlnn wo xxw
fi'intt rtitmv, Initttoillittoly htit-tioil nto itthot-i'. \<
tny to* ftAih, to sfo tho Ailntltitl, ^Sit- Unith t
Chttttlnn,^ XX ho, tntivnniloil hy it u;fonp of ttnxn
o1tt(Vit, npponn'd xt»t y <Httno»t t\>f tnoh Mntitponr
noxxt AN I iNxtihl irixo thotn. AtVf pitttiiin nonvli
Itn hont xxith tho AittnltitU xxho ttvittoil tno xvii^
in>»itt tMvilily, itn<l Antxxotitxpt fito titnity qnt'ttlon"
xxhioh XX 000 ntKoil hy tho iHnttpnny, tho ol^liw
xxho tooK i\to (\-i»\\ tny xvttol, tix-«t tlotlroil t«|
«vnxoy mo on httnni mfnin : nn hotit-hHviitKlnM>ii«|
ptvxnnttly nitntod hy tho Adntii-nl, itt xvhioli I
xviit to nt<>ot hint, tho ttoxit niornittp:. itl tho (im
vot-nntonf-hoitto.
Tho itttixit) of «noh it X'Ottol f\>rttn Rttfoiio nn
t»t'*Uy oxoitod tho onrtotity of thotnliithititnlMM 1
tho Vh\>c ; unti tho noxt ntt^Miittft. l»olnjt onlm, ]
xx-o hml nnmorxxnn vtsitorn oit hixnrd, xxho oould
ttot flisjrxttso thoi^' >ttt<>nithmott« nt tho tiro of ili'
voRvol, tho Uxyish tmi>oitrttn»'o ixf tho tttitttor itnti
ntfcto, tho qnoof *n« ttttfqno ohjtrtototn of \\\( ,
txvo mon «ml Ixoy x\ho (vxmtittttoti tho otow,
»tw\ tho lonfcth of tltoiMtiMfto w« h«<l no<t>m-
plishMl.
V*riow« w^rv tho conj^titwxpt of the j^>'xl
pooplf of tho C*|»t, Its to the I'M! ol^jcct of ow
ANfl CUMMinciAli RMIKHPWlNfcfl.
Va
Jiilflr(>rl««'. WJillo unwe nm»mit ilirm vlcwpil H
(ti l«s It HP Unlit, Hmt of » ••imuiifn'lnl mmt(iIiiH«»ii.
ihrrn iH'UntPtl, «lin», iiml'-r IliU mnxk, *»»• nm*
iiiplmfii Itj- ihf PrfiH'li ttovi'rnmciil fi»r Jlii-
invrvniiir Iif tltHr tlr«|mttlir'« ; tuiil siitiin «»••«
►fii* m» fur nn lt» •|pil«t»' n lirllrf. Hint wk f^Pfp
P/iMiih n\)\v%, mill, n« mull, ilpRi'rvliiK »( l"""*'-
|lii«f iimiit mill I'tiiirtiu'infiiit. ImiIdpiI. nnr ««-
feUtrlup fnrmi'tl tlip |»rlin'liml iliPitin of r(iiiver»ii-
l!«|i»«, iliiriiiK ♦»
btir mrivMl.
JO lit till* V.fk\w, ilorlog tli« wepk «ul»«t'«|iiPiit to
At tin* lioitr npiMilntfil I orMwntwl mywlf lit
%*> mivprooinnt lioiiRf, mill wm liitroilow«l to
ip tiovprnor. Iiitril Mm-mtiiry, hi wIiokp roir-
l«y I foiniii nUo tlip Ailtnlml. TIipm' hm m»
iHi'li iitlmnity nnil iiflliliUK.v in tlin recputioii I
|pt witli fniin tlu> (JotKroor, nn h»'II nn the Ail-
alml, Ihiit it hmpirfil iiin with coiifiihint'p, nw\
pvpiili'il oiy f«'«<llim m»y piolmrriiMiiH'iit. Th»
)vi>riior vi-ry polUny hmiil)*il inn n rhitlrt miil.
iti'tl hi'tn-ppo lliPUP two tllmtiiiitiilHlipil tiiPH, I
Ik |OP|Mirpil to mmwpr, to thp hput of my kiiow-
il|r«<, mifh qoPflthtiiimiithpyRltioilil Ank top. miil
Rivr tlipio nil thp IntP inrorointioo rpi^pppthif^
piinttipmi HlTrtli^, timt my rppiilpiU'P hi timt
Dmitry, nml my i-ppi'IiI ilp|iniimp, piwhlp»l hip
ilo. It wim jiinl at tliU iiciioil timt th«; llotillii
fip iiMpnihliiin, ill thfl iioitu of tlip ('limiiipl,
tlip iiivnnion of KiiKlniiil I niiil on IIiIa iiih.
Bt, hi piirtlfiilm, tlipy «pip vpi-y piirMP«t to oh-
In hiformnlioii « MPcmhiK to Iip not i*Hhoiit
»|iiThpiinlon thnt mi liitHnioii wan rpnily hi-
IikIpiI. \Vh(|p I t-plntpil to tltpiii wliitl hnil
imp mulpr my own oli«prvnlhm with iprih-iI to
kp itiriinintion, niitl wlint I lind lirnrd from
llipin, I px|ii-e««ptl to tliem my hpllpf, founileil
bh tlip ilpii|ipriilp nnim-p of tlip iimlnrtRkhiR.tlmt
vnthioK iiiorp wnn hitpmlpit Ity it tlinn to kppp
piiftlmiil in A Rtntp (<f uliinii, iiiiil to ORUsi* a mir-
ejtoiiiling im-rPHKn of pxiipiikpk.
Ilnving intpmt|Atp(l niP to tlipir HAtUnictinn
tlip iioliticnl Rlritini of Frnnop, tli«y fidvitrteil
tliP morp hmnlilp hiiMnpM of.tlin uliject of
piitpi-priKp, which thp Ailmiinl did not licni-
lie to dpolmr hp hellRVPd to he for thp ponvey-
ii*p of dpRimtpheii tor the Preneli government t
id. In thin helipf, Informed me tliKt he ahoiild
Ike ntPMorPt to prevpnt my goinv to the late
FViimH>. At. the nmne time, niid nn mt nihll-
»niil pvhipnce of thin periiiasioni he hml or-
kMMl timt A peiirph shonld he made on hoard
ly vpbbpI for the nnppoiPd dPHimtoheii, ami that
l^ll the pappri and Ipttem found on hoard iihould
hnmght to him. Coniipquently, my jonriml,
took of aproiintii,aiid private (niters and papers,
Rrp snhmittpd to his inspevtion \ and the letters
had for Fi-piioIi gontlPinen in tliP Maiiritiiis
rere all hiMken open.
On the poncliuion of my visit to tlieUovprnor,
k'ho gave me pcrmiMinn to dispose of my t'argu
here If I desired, 1 went to the house of an oTil
ftc^uaintance, wher« I had lodged in a former
fagc, and in what he ooiisidpi-cd more prupl-
[ttous lim«a U«lh ho and Ids family seemed
ttUd to see me, and Invited tti« Ui taki up mf
lotlKlngs therp again: hut the safety of mf tM>
spI rptinirpd my presenoe on hoaril not loM \h
port than h' s<-a, and I therefore deeliitMl.
Tlip day following, my pafiers atiH leti«ra
were retiimpd to me hy the secretary of the Ad-
miral I and I was sorpriseii liy « croMisition front
him for the pnrehase of my vessel. I delayed
giving an answer until the neat day \ and, in
the mean time, my lnt|iilHes led we to hi)li«v«
that my cargo would sell wivantageoualy i but
there was nothing hot s|ieoie« whkili would in*
iwer my purftose to lake awajr for it, and thii
was iiroliAdteii. With a provision for the re*
moval of thli difflcnilv, and a goiMl price for mf
vp^sel, t was prepared to uegociate with the m.
irctary. Meeting him, therefore, at the tlm«
fljitiolnted, and heing liolh what In trade is call«d
olr-hand men, we soon closed the hafgaln, lijr
Ills engaging to pay me, on delivery of tneCafo*
line and s'.ores, Ave thousand Spanlih dullara
and to ohiain for me permission to esport ten
thmisand. This so far exceeded tite eoti of th«
«pnsel, and was e^en so much more than I had
expected to receive at the Isle of France, that I
confllilered myself alreaily well lndeiuQifle<l for
all my trunhle and anxiety.
As the Admiral war pressing to have itie VM«
sel discharged, ijl^ was my Intention to land the
cargo next day on my own account i hut, in tlia
mean time, I r nilracted with the merchant, •!
whose house I now resided, for the whole of It,
at a moderate advance on the Invoice t H heIng
agreed that he wtis to nay (he duties, the ex«
pense of landing, Ao. My spirits were now mudi
elevated with my suovess, and with the uroapeei
of soon lielng rid of the Caroline, anil of the
oare ti«separahle front having such a veisei lo
circumstanced.
Hut 1 was allowed hut a short period to mf
exultation \ new and alarming diffloultles await-
ed me, of which 1 had no suspicion, and which
were mure harassing than the dangers of the
winds and the waves. It appeared, that the
duties on entries at the ciistoni'liuuse were a
|ier centage on the invoice, and that it wai •
verv common practice with the merchacts to
make short entries. The purchaser was aware
that, lo stand on equal foutiu^ with otiior mer-
chants, he must do aa they did ; hut he seems
not to iiave reflected, that, being known to Imi
more hostile to the Knglish governineut than
any other individual at tlie Cape, he would tie
rigidly watched, and, If detc(*t«d, would have
less indulgeiicc than any other. The conse*
(jucnco was a detection of the short entry, and
Bcl«nro of vessel and cargo. The merchant
went iinmedlatPly, in n supplicating mood, to
the collector, In th ' hope of arranging theaffWr
hcforo it should bccrMiie aonerally known j but
it was all in vain.
Tlie only alternative which seemed now to bo
left mc, was to aupeal lo the highest authority |
and 1 determined to w;.te to Lord Maoartne/,
H
r't^jVfctAHtm VrtVAtiM
t>j W^. A\\\\ vm nm\^'^w\\^\\ \ *\\m\A 1>«vt' \\\*
w*v«)hi*w» »'Ov>M >«<»U »»ot< t)^»» <»»««. t <(i«i«*ti
«i»«rt wn*. I \\Ai\ m f\m\\ \\m >s\m\\ us Atl
WWvplMMf ft \\rt1>1r(l\A» A«il A\ \\\p mw »<«»»*
WH»»>y. iw th<* rt^U'mn^rt, I iY'mt»w»f\ii»i< »»» 1(Avp
ii^i^yvo^^'^i hs \\\')SAp\\\x^\\ ^^\f1^t> \ ^^nn^i m\sms
Axf\% I AW«\ !^«»y NN^^V A Moi"rNi\ |^y\<^P 1<^ )w Artrj-
W Wt*. \V*» nw'rtNSVf^l ^^f tt, A«<< A<UWrt< tt^y
A» t^^»rW\^M Avt'"'^'*^'^''^ ^^'* wft«tnv «t1«»v
^HSiVSl \ShNi*»< tvMftWt, w\ i\\A \ A\,\\\v>nA\ l.rtnl
VHlt«<kVtWV rttt thi"< nM^'A^irtM. < t1rMVr\r<1 n\y
'l*lt«»V W y\<W « «W*1, A1>t»V ^AMUv ^VA>^<»r U, ^»»
fctwmy M^i^, "^1^ rrtwW rtrtt fntr^lV\V \W iht
to 1^* Mh^iitNV .^n tW ii»hjr»M." th5« Ai^t^ittnrt,
«WiVirt'y»<\ '!y« 11>t^^^^v A Wl'.!rv ti>ni*, lrt< WMi^ tx> i»n-
tfrtWYflf* t^* ^tSjW* thAt thy At^K^V NN-yS^W «rtt K^rti^
l<> tlt)»AM<>*s«*\\ Ai If h*ft 'r>t>t1iyly U\ tht* tlWnr-
Hrt« x^f iW CfviWiMNv. NxM \\T^V wy l^rtpt^* ««
!R>i\t\ilM; AH, th^ i\t\i t^tiy, t^si^ \vs<lr^. aM t^At
f»rtW <y>^^'tftv>^-A)» Its W Art1xv«1jrM <rt i\\^ ft%tn\
yyrt<H> A-^t; tt V»'A'^ f>\rniiiA<h ^^M^^VwtttM, irt thr
IkffwtiVit ^fcViMt tviy* thtNMRAtM «V><t «>•«,♦ 11>i»
>«W»Atf»>fl frvt>«t^ trt\\-n, h1\<i{ XS-A* 1>>«^ W«»A>1» \>f >NW-
#Hd)i V»f t^W first ww»prtA>>ih"t,y.
^1<v^>r. X^-A* «wfti\NViirAtiV t(\ t>>t^ X'^yxxTn rtf iht
A^wiivn^, Xx-V* ^»<^« trt rxHrnv sxtrtptVNms rtf ^rtx
jwHi'fttV, %1v^ ^wtM pwhAl'K >i»\r tAKx»« oMt t>\*»
H W^ '<^Mt»<>stnr»i. A» fNXXn as 1>x<> xrswl X^-A»
f«4M>nHl fttm 'mrn'tf. HAXin|r, 1V <^ax AxIViw-
inj, yy*fA(p!«'f<vl t>tr nnlAWinir, V «*i»1ixvi>M ih<^
V«**4 ♦<( iht <xflWv x\-h<> ^h-As *nt^<xn«v< <y» tAk^
<»<vwW»k>»i. tti t'^y* WAX'S A'ftfn- shy> x^'As^VTHv^ito*^.
W>kxv fftr TrH^»A> ; nixri, in n 'sn1>'r<^«^t>t \yvy.
»«. 1 VnrnH thtrt «V h(»<^ wx-rt- >Hy>n h<»AH M
mtn^mr^. It i* p«x>Na>>K thw »><» rt'^^<>M- it»
am! »»ji»«»c HjjtitHi VMdfi*, HAH Mitt imn^n of tit,.
'Irjli'rti'jr t»r )»l«t»An»«)(l»'t»t «t Itli't) yt|»« «(» «m«ii tinrl
itlrtVtr'Htly HMi'trt-m)tlllinl j Ami tt» lltU lift Imm
Mmv Ittt rt'uHlttUftl.
Tht^ vrttlt»»iii t1»rtwl)r»t'l<* ttti (tit frtl-gtt, rtil»tti(j
t^ttm »»<Wii>->», i»mt« tIrttMAgf. AiiH tttmr* AltiHt.
«»»»nt, mlltfr-il l||»« W\ \\\rW)^i^iU tit rtllnttt (lih
»H|htAi i'»t<i. tiiu. with ilin nmittitit tir iii-
vkmH. < »'i)1li<»'li<ii In f^jirthl^lt iliilidm, tttrtlthiK
titj^rtl^pt. Af>rv my VAtlUMs illnhntspmctitu. Mm
n\\)\\ itr HfVPM thi)l"»<iiHlil ilnltAH, wMi'h i k»«|»» In
ti*rt»M»\»*M tn r>t(hotk In t1tt» flt-til ^PHnH tfini
AltmiM •^iitt't iHp Ittiy tin Itrt^ i^rfty tn ImHn ».
rhina. ? ««■» itioiiipii. ItDWPVfv. t«i v»Blt nrvriii
n^nnthd l»«»l\nn Any "«nnM rt»An»'p ftrtVt-fil. In dif
nn»An tlm»', nn- tnntt »i»nl»|»«nrt» wntt IfWinf At On-
TAfif* At^nitftl nil' ti»i* n|»)»nHnnlly itf hpiMtnihit.
Arnnrtlntfil \\M\\ )\m\\- t^ntllln^, Atul <tr vl^liiitu
n\Any jt1rtw< \\\ lltf> \(t'lnHy »tf TAp Titwn.
-^gjjg
■rtwiiiirt
I'UAnKn nt.
H.>tt\rtvVA\i\K> lV»v«\«»l<m nf tltl» Oaiia.— ^ItlK A^tJIAUt-
A«i»> itr t'A|>i> I'owtt turn trtitltt Ha* \nn»n
A«<>l^ iVotW fMi^H rtf AAMtt. -i'h»> mVll*« VrthlK
v.\\''\\\ -lV»Anvi>t>* i^rtvou nr *pMt»i^ly |tAl«»
NVi'vt'K rtftltp (^op|tttp, lUhlMt ittnn-«r, «•»»•. _|>*.
tpntiiiw rtt\it !»it^)(ipi^»ip«i )it« »>r \\\¥i )vt(^fnm -
i'Uittrti« i^r tt\« t;A|rti>.— M«nnp>^* »ni\ i'n«t»w* m
Ihp tn^titytUrtMW. -F.»e<iti»bn tit Rtmutt'n it*» '
^-VtttMttWllA. Attil U» »|ttP.— ^tHrtt- litAf H'II - HP«I
^•>tH'p of th* ttinnAl rttAn. -Ottttfrtlt Aoit-ht i^f
1'rt\»tp M(Sn«»AUt — -\Ip\v iVt^m It* uttintitlt — IVtIl
tsw* tttM»t'*»t», Anit mI^» VPtttrtt,
tllP ftVtllAtlrtrt rtf \\\[* Oa^ip IA Art trtMAfVAtllf,
AS ttx mAKp A Untlt^u; <m|nv««lrtn »tn thp m»«wittv
rtf \\wnx> whrt hdVP rtnn? «PPn It. X\\t> nt»n|» rtf
IrtiYy AY\A Mwp hlllA, itaHpi^ tlip DpvM'a Mtitint
tW tAb^p l.Ant^, Wit' Snj(«v-1t\Ar, ArtH tHi* t.lttti'>
Wnmp, IVm-w a I>A»Vv rtw thp At>«th Att«i th« pam
riAi'n rtf t^ip trtwn, Nvhu^h Aj>|n^AtT* Ahnttdt ImjMt^
nAbl-P. On A j1»Al«. At t\\r 1V>«t rtf tW»P MMa, rttt 1
rttx thr ^x^^^r!rv iif TAh\i» ttny, l"< »linAti»rl il\
VA«t«\\l txl\M\ rtf ttl»» t*A^1«». I. , .«»Ai>ntA m^«
A^^^VAt•A>^^^» XX-ht'W »wn ft-rtW \\\« h^y, At^H APrm>
txx jiix«i»p«i a\\ thAi WTHitniM^'* xvhivh Iti aw Ai»Kttit«
MjT'^ o^A^-At^tprtAtli^ \xr thp 1>ntoh. thn i»iiTPt*
AtV J^AI-AIW ffi (»A0h oth»»f, mA AtV K»»|tt Wv
oWn. lltt'V* <« A U^Tfp At^uA^ip ftif A ttAtnA"
Hivtxtn*^, At iW W'rtii)^ i^Aft rtf tW hwvn, wftlolt ■
tViMini^vM hv A ^^rtWA^ K>f<1<»t¥f< with A iJrtttWp t>*
M ivoo«. lV » Vmj^Anx *» <\A»T4«»n» At It U <«aU> i ■
i* A A)>Atv rtf fitlt^ftv »>f txxrnty A«tvti ow thi' p.v |
wK* rtt" tW txxxvn. U t» t'rtt^Ww^ hy a xxhU, a«i
lAtt^ <\n\ in >tAni^*«xn\o xx-aIVx^ An«) 1\mw» rtnt> rtf ihf i
mtxM «<<»Hjthtt\t1 \ottn«:«»» In tht* xx-^t^tl tw a it j
11»^ Vwxrtws insist .M' « w ^ At^>ritP*, AWtl a»v «M\*tt
xnith jxJMhv-. xvhl.h hiMAJl; x»l»1H!Xi»*Ah*«1 cMf.
It. ili«'.v Jtuvf rtM «H»phH»»itrtiil) npNt Kpticnr-
[r'ltldtt flip iiiHlftirt- tfCttiMn flip ItlllnWMflN
gtpiillv tiiiiitMril li) Mic ct'iiiili of "iiml wlllf'li
inNfillM titn •ttiitfi t'Mi* «lii»l, ♦♦llM) Nof»fM
[♦Ifilrii* tit fit ivtt(t)i«'l ilicfii »(i \iff\i hMIiIh
Jt«. iittil jiPiifltntr'^ IiiIm nil Mm rrrtlrrti nf
iM ntiil nltii|i)H'« ultlclt liMvn littf lt»<i ♦) ffiff
IV t'linril. 1'lli'^n UmI"", «I|Ii"Ii Irt^l t«l» n»
*r iliMx, nt«^ fi)lln«ftl liy fiilin* ntiil llijlit trt-
Mr «ltiil« fhf Mip «t!tii»' ImirIIi Mf »lfii»'. Milt
ilip^p ^rtlr"', tiiiil n»t ("ttttf Hm»« lif|>H-P, III*'
•tf Utr ittltir liiltifi l« M)<rp|«i|i"tl In fliick
|«tN, witli'lt llip |irt»iiiii of Mm rn|i«« mil Uin
irll'i Tnlilf «'lo»l», Atthotiiftit Mifi**' wliitU n^i'
pt« "O 'ittlnof n* lo itl-nvrtlf rMttlttllHlli'UfloM
llin ildjiplnu In Hir Itnr, jff Uipjr ntr tntf\t
rrttur of ftttv »ll«n«»ff. Nof nn ttUlt llif
llrrly nnlr"» ttlilcli (ttrvnll In tltn tfioti»li<« of
|t>, .Inly, nnd Atiitoot, ntul liHttK !•• n x^n nhlrlt
lH(JtoMlltl»« <o tf^Wt.
tlit'lmu'lioly ltt<ilNnr'»* of tlir iiowprof UiPSf
wnn •o'rM In tltp Uw< of ♦!♦•• KokIUIi n\%h-
-iOn ttltip Srrntt-P, <tHlt «»'rtH» nil Im ftrw.
lloh'lt fin** Itltllnwi'M Wt-n purln^kfly roo-
♦o 111*' n«i« of Slnion*^ Mny nf fliH «^n«on of
Jprtt-. In tlnipnof |tp«rp If wn« roninion for
[%r<«rl>» of nil nnflonn, on fliplr wny fo nn»l
InOln, to fonclt nf tltl* itlni'P for rrfrpuh-
M» t rtnil flirn nlmoif pvpry hnti'^p wn<t oppn
VIo rrrp|»Hon of tlip pniffnln* nml ortlfprs fi»r
|ti(|pffltp ronippMnnlltni. Hnf H»p vp<nHonn
IHpnt'PtI Ity npotrnl pomniprpp nf fliln pprlotl,
pnooffli loilUponrnK<* nnmt itnvlgnfordfroni
jllnn tltprp. WIiIIp I ^M^n fliprp, «I»p dlilti
Mom of Uonfon wrnn p««n|»p||ptl fo rontp In,
l»nvl«n l»pp« dit nmntltn »n» Itpr wny from
io(i to Imlln. Thp iin<ititp|inni of flu' «ovprn-
a \Vprp nntupil I nn»l, nof unflnflpil with flip
llnntlon nf (Iip lott.ltonk nnil itn|tpr<«, fitpv
h\ lo'r <o l»p pnflrplynnlntlpn. /Vnttnlfhonttli
rn« nf Ipnufl* M>lpnnptl, ypf lipftirp ilip ponlil
INvny, n mIp cnntp nn ft-ntn tlip wpnf, In wlilrli
jV^pnf n^lnn-p nntl wnn fofnlly lonf.
\f cHmntP of th«» (!nitp In vpry lo'nllliy,
l\\ hIpMlnft mnny of fhp Inltnhifnnln nffritnifp
ip |t:,^vn|pnrp of i\\p Mjnh winilni ypt It In
|t-vi»tl, timt InnliMn'Ps of IntiptPtlfy nr« vpry
nnil (Imt (V\v olil (tpinonM nrp ntpf wifti. 't'lip
Hfifrnn Ai-p,(\)r fhKtnniif |mrl, hoK|iifnlt|p,
My, «M«I »rtHI»|p, A low nl phrp nnil rclnsn-
f^ nml nn nvpMion to mnoh npflvify »f Itoily
»ln«l, nrp nfHKInn ''ItnfnHPrinilrn In (Iip nipii.
IwUph iht npnprnlly v«ry prpffy, linvp flop
|k|v(i>)iot(K, ptnppftil ninl |i|pniiinK tiinnnprR, nml
tvMti'tl \\\U\\\n. Tl«p InvnHnlilp nml nnlvpriinl
o««iii>R ft miilniittit nilpnop nn<l upohmion
ih^ tw« or fhwe Itoum intntptlintely ttiouped-
|«l<nn(i>r. All \\\« «lompnfipN, ftnil inoKt of ilip
lhtw(i«R, nrp rUv«>ii t nml, nn Atr n<« I timl nn
l«wlly of oliKprvlnir, flipy nrp trpntpil
mnr« ituinftnity tlinn <• |t«nnrftllv nuitpoieti.
ithilnnilinf th« incn^nii^ of hniltilnKn, nnd
Hm (m vftliie of n>(i) pttnic, nn wpII «- « <«rioui
hiUi*f mlvNnfNt«'<i fetf hy lltf! iMdnftMntttn tlnM
fitjiy xfilmillfPH ♦« f li*? f^Mifllsh tnin'nmfnt, lh#f#
ymn, MPfprfhHi-M, nUnftftthit^ In mnnf i« Iftifiii*
»|p«ppof « fftrplgn fokp, « fpp||Mn«f Uf\nf( *(•»)«-
i{'iprp(( |tPoit|p, «fffl N »PM«p of flptrndnflofi, whifh
rtdi tpty nnforni, nn»l ♦rlil'-h wonM nof Nl; f'MlIf
pirnfp»l, p»PM MM«|pr flif »nll«l nmi pf|olfNM«! H«-
tprntopol of flip HfiRlHlt.
In »'o(o|i«o» wifli « finfUp fopfpfinMt I w«(l#
tin PtPomloM in Hlfiino'* Mnt, nod to fhi" (rt'«»tff
pitnfp of I'onntnnfln. Not fiplM(( «Ii|p to pro«'«ttj
lotlnlnni on nlior*', wp tiit^'pil n ftl|flit om howrt
HM Aioprlpnn «lilfi, wliJcli. fonPtltPr wMli nPtPrni
llonlMiniPM-of-wnr nofi Ifollnmpfi, wn«i iyiuifftit
Bppiirlty In SInioo'i Mn?. At IJofiifnntId if*
nprp ptifprlnlopil wllli ttrVnt ho«iilt»Htif and fw»-
llfpop^i lit tlip (iroprlpfor, who nm^fti m Ptirfj'
|irtrt of ItH lipnoflfiil p«lnfp, tffilpH, tut Mttrem«
nprttnpi*, n* hpII n« for profit, U nnrltnilpd. th«
nlop fnntip n* flili Hupp Ik »pM hfi'iwn In Htttttpn
nntl In tlip I'lilfptl Rtnfp«t thotiufi It in nnid (fial
tnorp thnn trplilp titp rionntlfy wrotltippti m tltln
pKtnfp In nnniittlly noltf notlpr Imp ftntnit of V.m.
Mtnntln. (ft tippiillnr flnvonr in nttriltittpti to t|i«
|irt(|iprf|p« of flip Koll I nil nttPMiptn t» |>rot1tit>A
llip nnfop pltpwliprp lintp fnllivl.
An ptpitrnlon to flip tlnk-NtntTon '^nunf-loal
Mill wn« nn nffprtoitioV Inotoir »»f no pnnf ■«;.
potniilNliniPnt. Hpforp rpnplilttt thp ttm, iUnm
nrp t(p»prnl |ipriipnillpnl«r ftrpPliilppn »« tftti to
flftppn fppf to fliitili J nntl rttfipn Mft« fRii((<tiP<i to
Itoltn, Innprfptl In tlip rnfUn, Ut nU{ tlt« nnctntt.
TliP ttinn wliti In n*ntltinpil liprM to nlitiNl itip Ap<
proncli of vpnnpin. In provltlptl wltl« « nttiill frfniM
fnnnon ntitl nptprnl fln^n j tlip formtif in Mttnmitt(?«
n nnil In tlip liorlfon, nhtj, nt Hip nntnn timft, to
nf'-nt't flip nlfpnflttn tif tliP pltl/,pnn j tht» iniitit
to lipnotn tlip kind of vpnnH nnd tlin nalton (o
widpli nlip liplonnn. Iljr (lipnn ni«ann, \ttfwtnn-
tion of ttip ntiprtittPli of ft vpniel li glvMi tnanf
lionrn lipforp lo-r nrrlvnl In th« hny. tho fiaW-
Intionof thin tonn In nti ciiiilttimit that tiis rttat-
tlpnrp tliprp wtnild h« otin«l<i«tr^d « crnflt piinigh.
tnpnl, wprp It ntti ttdiintary. It in ft morft dog-
kpnnpl, pnrtly fornipd tiy tlin rnpk atid pntilf
nrtilli'tnl, hut hnrfly nnfflplpnt to nhptlnroti« p«r«
nitn, in n NlitlnK ponttirp, froni thn rnjrn of th«
nnn nnd from thp Inplnmprpjr tif thn weftthor.
Tlip ftmntpnt Intprittr npnt'n tlopn ntit fixr>K«d flvt
fppf, irotti ihti dpn to tht! pprppiidionlur pritcitikiib
A ninvp hrln(tn hltn IiIh tiaily prorinlmift^ «rffl
wnfprt nnd thin In tht* only tipptirtniilty th« re-
I'lnnR hnn for t'onyprnfttlon dnrInK ilmt dnjr. Mf
vinit wnn, thnrpftirp, tuinniilered Uy lilm in akinil
of ittiilnpnti, for wliioh lift ftpp(>arnd to )m ^ttf
grnlpfiit, nntl wlilfh he h^MPd mp to retiDat.
TliR nxi'iirnion ovi>r thn Tahln Monntftin, which
in thrpn IhouiAnil five hnnilred «iid ftighty^two
fppf nliovp Hip IpvpI nf the oppnii, wnn an iirid«r*
tnkinK of niii'ii InhtHir nn to rptiiiirp the j|r«at«r
part of A day to perform it. It was atUlitbla
nino, on many oonalttnrationi, to (i{ftke up a partf
for thn purpose. Acrordlngly, fi«vlng cngagftd
tho mate of the Jdhrson, and my own mate, to
\
CLEVELAND • VOYAGES
^ J
i*. \
16
iieeompuiy mc, we let out togetber on a fine,
dew morning, provided with refreshments, but
without • guide ; not doubting, with the infor-
mation given us, of being able to find our way.
We met with no embarrassment in reaching the
chann, on one side of which were the cra^y
and irregular steps, by which only we could
work our way to the top. The task was arduous,
and required two hours of great exertion for its
accomplishment. The day continued to lie very
clear ; and the view amply repaid the toil of the
ascent. It was limited on the north by high,
irregular, and distant mountains ; on the south
and east by the ocean, and an horizon greatly
extended; on the west was the bay with its
shipping, diminished to the size of such toys as
children play with ; and immediately beneath us
was the town, its gardens and streets distinctly
seen, though its inhabitants could not be distin-
guished with the unaided eye.
A large part of the day was passed in rambling
about the top of the mountain, and enjoying
the extensive and beautifiil views from it ; and
the time had arrived to think of descending.
Desirous of returning by a different route, I at-
tempted- to find a new one in the chasm, which,
firom the imperfect view I could take of it, re-
sembled the path we had ascended. But the
better to satisfy myself, with great difficulty and
imndnent danger of falUng, J climbed down a
precipice of about twelve feet, and found myself
upon a bridge formed by the falling away of the
rock within the chasm, and extending across
about twenty feet. Its vndth varied from two
to four feet ; and it seemed, where narrowest,
as if an additional weight would cause it to give
way. On either side, and beneath this bridge,
was an abyss of which I could scarcely see the
bottom ; it beiftg fifteen hundred, or, pertia^;
two thousand feet deep. I now saw plainly
that I must return by the way I came ; as, at
the other end of the bridge, the height was the
aame, and the rocks jutted over. I made known
to my companions my perilous situation, and
tbaX a slip in climbing must be attended with
certain destruction. In order, therefore, to
help me up again, Mr. Barnes lay on the orround,
and held his jacket over the precipice, w>. .^ the
mate of the Jefferson held Barnes to prevent his
being pulled over. With this management, and
the scanty support 1 could find for my feet, I
succeeded in gaining the summit, and in escap-
ing from a situation so perilous that, even at
this day, I do not recur to it without shudder-
ing. After this I attempted no more to find a
new way, but descended as we had come up ;
and, before sunset, arrived at my lodgings very
madh fatigued.
CHAPTER IV.
The author embarlca for Batavia, accompanied bi
the uegro. — Chased by a cruiser.— Rapid vojagt.
— Lands at Batavia. — Traces of its former splen.
dour. — Prevalence of fevers.— The Chioeae popn.
lalion.— Cheapness of provisions.— Safe anchorage
—Abundance of sharka and alligators.— Conic
quent danger of bathing. — Embarkation for Caii<
tun. — Pleasures of the voyage.- Arrival at Macao
— Encounters a typhon. — Proceeds to Wampoa,
i^Reaches Cantun. — A disappointment. — Pur.
chase of an English cutter. — The factories at Can.
tou. — Shrewdness of the native merchants.-
Number ol mendicants. — Their devices for exton
ing alms.^-Chinesa idolatry. — The sacred hogs.-
Attempt to enter Canton.— Opposition, aud r»
treat.
More than four months had elapsed since mi
arrival at the Cape ; and during that period, noi
opportunity had offered for India. My impa-
tience to be away was now so great, that I de.
terminedlo embrace any chance that presenter
itself for going to the East, without regard t«
the particular place ; and, on the first of August,
the brig Betsy having touched in the hay, in ;
short passage from -Baltimore, bound to Batavii
I embarked in this vessel, taking with me tin
proceeds of my vessel and cargo in Spanish
dollars. I was accompanied by my black mai
George, for whom I had contracted an attach.
ment, which was evidently reciprocal.
The day after leaving the Cape, we had i
strong westerly wind and a considerable sea,.
and, at noon, while making rapid progress on oui '
way, we discovered a brig standing on a wind '
across us, which we had reason to suppose wat
a cruiser. As our vessel was a remarkably swift
sailer, we decided not to submit to the troublt.l'
and detention which a visit would cause, ani
therefore kept steadily on our course, whiclr
being towards him, induced the belief that m
intended to speak him, and prevented the pre-
paration he would have made, had he know
our intention. When just clear of gun-shot, w^
altered our course two points ; on seeing whid
he immediately fired, and instantly set afa
getting up top-gallant masts and yards, an
crowding all sail after us; but it was like thi,;
tortoise in pursuit of the hare. Before dark hi^l
hull was not to be seen.
We had a continuance of the strong westerh^
winds until we entered the trades, south of tk
island of Java ; and our arrival at Batavia, oi
the first of September, in only thirty days fn»^
the Cape, was a circuhistance so extraordinai7|
that it required the confirmation of letters whid
we carried to convince the governor oi the fad:
I took rooms at the great public hotel ; ai^,;
here, as well as in other buildings in the city>1
there were traces of the splendour which hti'
attended the better days of the Du^ch East Indi^
Company. The spacions rooms A-ere painted ii^
a tawdry but expensive manner, in red and goMl
or blue and gold. The furnit jrc was as massi«
AND COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISC8.
costly as it coitid be made; a band of a
en slaves always played daring dinner ; and
{lultitude of servants, shabbily dressed, were
tendance. Ev^ry thing about the establish-
|it indicated an attempt at magnificence, which
but ill-supported by the present state of
ch commerce.
lost of the strangers who then visited Batavia
Americans ; and there were few or none of
whose appetites required the stimulus of
or who had sufficient taste for oriental
ies, to be willing to contribute to them
tier than custom rendered necessary.
svia is built on a flat, which extends ten
reive leagues. Most of its streets have
of stagnant water, which are, doubtless,
ig the causes of the fevers so prevalent
as these are avoided by taking a residence
six miles in the country. The houses
lly are built of brick, plastered and white-
~. ; and the ^)artment8 are spacious and
^adapted to the climate. But, notwith-
' ig all their luxuries, most of the residents
w, by their pallid countenances and emaci-
I figures, that they are sacrificing health to
Yet the certainty of this does not prevent
iiturers from seeking their fortunes there,
ently blinded to consequences by the eager-
' pursuit.
Chinese constitute much the largest and
[industrious part of the population. They
bit the surburbs, and are said to amount to
ty or eighty thousand. The domestics are
|ij>ally Malay slaves, and are considered
less docile than the Africans. The market
tavia is well supplied with all the delicious
which are peculiar to the tropical cli-
Pine-apples in particular are very abun-
and so cheap, that a hundred may be
ted for a dollar. Animal food, beef and
particularly, is, as in most tropical
ies, generally poor, and without flavour.
I are very abundant and cheap. The na-
[here, as in India, live principally on rice,
fb is very cheap, and much cultivated. The
spacious ; and the ships ride with safety
n, screened from the only vnnd which
irgure them by seventeen or eighteen verj'
islands, which are not less ornamental
erviceable. The alligators and sharks are
lumerous; and instances are related of
1 being upset on the bar, and their whole
devoured by them.* Those whom busi-
I shall lead to Batavia, for there can be no
r inducement, will remain there no longer
^is absolutely necessary.
[was very evident, soon after my arrival,
[I need only be detained until I could take
56 for China ; for, though the comparative
! of the produce of the island here and in the
[It would, tncrefore, be the extreme of rash-
Uo bathe in the bay, though the heat renders
lesire of doing to very strong.
19*
United States offered a praUt ol one tnd a half
to two capitals, yet there was no one of the
several vessels lying here which could take
freight, all having sufficient capital to lade on
their own account. If I could have invested the
amount of my property in a freight of coflTee for
the United States, I should have made a very
short and lucrative voyage. But my efforts
proving unsuccessful to effect this, i took advan*
taM o|f an opportunity which was offered in the
slttp Swift, of New York, for Canton, after
having ipent ten days at Batavia. Fot I was
well aware, that though I might not be able to
ship such bulky articles as coffee or sugar, there
was no doubt of my finding room enough fer the
fabrics of China, in which a much greater capital
than I possessed could be invested so ai to oc-
cupy but a small space.
Having removed my ba^;age and specie finom
the Betsy to the Swift, we sailed next morninf ,
the 12th of September, for Canton, in company'
vrith two of the Danish East India Company's
ships, the commander of which agreed to kee;^
company with us through the straits of Barca,
for mutual security against any attack of the
Malay pirates. Our ships sailed so nearly alike,
that no day passed when we were not within
speaking distance ; and when the weather was
fine, and the sea smooth, which was often the
case, we exchanged visits. The commodore had
a band on board, and in the bright moonlight
evenings, when the breeze was only sufficient to
keep the sails from flapping against the roasts,
and the ripple of the ship's passage through the
water scarcely heard, the music of this band
was so delightful, that it even now brings back
the most pleasing associations whenever memory
retraces the incidents of this passage.
We were compelled by calms and the darkness
of the night to anchor two or three times in the
straits of Barca, but met with no embarrassment
from pirates, or from rocks and shoals. It was,
however, apparent, that although we had taken
care to keep well to the eastward, we only se-
cured our passage ; having taken the north>east
wind so many days before our arrival, that we
with difficulty gained the anchorage in Macao
roads. The three ships arrived at this place
within a few hours of each other, after a passage
of thirty-one days from Batavia.
The Danish ships, having agents at Macao,
procured pilots and proceeded to Wampoa with-
out delay ; but we were not so fortunate as to
obtain a pilot, and were obliged, in consequence,
to wait a week in the roads. During this period
we encountered a typhon, which blew with such
violence, and caused such a sea, that, although
our yards and topmasts were struck, we parted
a cable, lost an anchor, and were in danger of
being driven out to sea; but, after drifting
several miles, finally brought up with the other
anchor. After the weather became settled, it
was judiciously determined by the captain to
remain no longer in so exposed a situation *, and*
h" "*
• K -^
il
'3
having procured a fisherman to pitot us an far as
Anson's Bay, which is a safe anchorag;e at the
entrance of the river Tigris, we arrived and an-
chored there writhout further embarrassment.
Here Captain White received a letter from the
ca{(|ldn of the Ontario, a ship belonging to the
same owners, informing him of his safe arrival
at Wampoa, and the exertions he was making
to send him a pilot. He mentioned that he was
in want of a first and second officer. This cir-
cumstance appeared to oifer a favourable opening
for me ; inasmuch as, if I could obtain the chief
mate's office, Ihe privilege attached to it would
ensure the transport of all my property. I there-
fore settled it in my mind that this was my des-
tination. Having waited three days more, and
no pilot appearing, Captain White determined
to go up to Wampoa in his own boat ; and I
accompanied him. Soon after leaving the ship
we were overtaken by a heavy shower, which
wet us completely through. When above second
bar, towards evening, the tide set so strong
against us, that, perceiving we made no head-
way, we determined to go on board a large
Swedish ship, then lying at the bar, and there
wait the return of the flood. W^e were received
with great hospitality, and during our visit,
were treated with as much kindness as if we had
been conferring rather than receiving a bene-
fit. We remained with these friendly people
until ten o'clock in the evening, when the tide
having turned, we took leave, and pursued our
course towards Wampoa, but unfortunately, by
mistaking our course and getting into a wrong
branch of the river, were out all night, and did
not arrive on board the Ontario before eight
o'clock in the morning. A good breakfast re-
newed our energies for pursuing our course to
Canton, where I was the more anxious to arrive,
from the fear that the office I sought might be
filled by another before my arrival. We started,
therefore, as soon as the flood-tide came in.
Arriving at the Ontario's factory, I had the
mortification to learn from the commander, that
he had engaged an officer only the day previous.
Thus this resource failed me. As I had con-
fidently counted upon it, and as fancy, had
been busy in anticipating a meeting with my
friends at home under such favourable circum-
stances, my disappointment was very great.
The next plan was to freight my property in
some one of the American ships ; a thing usually
of very easy accomplishment, but, at this time,
it was not practicable at such a rate as I felt my-
self warranted in paying. It then occurred to
me that I might obtain a small premium on my
money to Calcutta, and that there I should be
able to lay in an investment for the United
States, and freight it from thence on better
terms than I could make here. With this im-
jHression I was contracting with the captain of
the country ship Zoroaster, to let him have my
money on respondentia, and to embark with him
/or Calcutta. But before definitely closing this
CLEVELAND 8 VOYAGES
negociation, a little English cutter arrived i^
Wampoa from the north-west coast of Amcrici]
and was offered for sale. This suggested to
an enterprise which would be attended vrith i
difficulties and dangers, but which offered
prospect of fortune in proportion. As my tan
alone were not sufficient to buy this vessel and t J
put in a cargo suitable for a voyage to the nortl^
west coast, I engaged the assistance of Messnl
D. Green and E. Townsend, of New Haven, aii|
purchased this cutter, of about fifty tons burdo
— two-thirds for my account and one-third foi|
theirs — having abandoned my Calcutta plai
She was called the Dragon ; but as my pap
were for the Caroline, I changed her name
cordingly. From the remnants of the cargo
a Boston vessel, returned from the north-\re;
coast, and such articles as I could procure froij
the shops at Canton, I made up a very suitalri
investment to the amount of nine thousaiu
dollars.
By the time I was ready to sail on this enter.^
prise, nearly three months had elapsed since inr,
arrival at Canton, during which period my <
penses had been moderate, from having tbJ
good fortune of associating myself with thei
mates of the Elizabeth's factory. The factoritj
are handsome houses, built in the Europe
style, on the margin of the river, for the
commodation of those who have business rl
transact at Canton. They are generally of tw^|
stories, the lower being used as warehousetj
They are whitewashed, and, with their resp
tive national flags displayed on a high staff I
fore them, make a very pretty appearance,
former times the ships came and returned
the regularity of the monsoons ; and the reside
supercargoes, during their absence, welre
permitted to remain at Canton, but removed |
the Portuguese town of Macao. This routuj
has of late years been broken up by the
gaid of etiquette and the established seaso
on the part of the Americans, who, coming:
going all the year round, have inverted all
ancient rules of doing business at Canton.
In the rear of the factories, and spreadinga
on either side, are the houses and shops of thd
merchants and mechanics who derive their t
port from trading with foreigners; a dense i
active population, who evince a shrewdness!
their deaUngs not surpassed by those Strang
who traffic with them, and who are too apt4
treat them with contempt. The police of
portion of the community is so lax, that
thefts are very common, and rarely punishi^
An additional evidence of this laxity is
manifested in the occasional practice of beg;;
who extort alms from the shopkeepers by covi
ing themselves with a coat of the most
odour, and thus rendering themselves so
gusting, that the shopkeepers, to prevent thei
coming in, stand ready at the door with ttj
contribution. Great numbers of the poor pop
lation are born, reared, and die in small Ix
AND CfOMMtRCIAI BMTBmVRISKS.
Ivrdve to fiftacB ftrt long, which hwrt a
iboo coTtriog to. acnen them from the ton
I from tlie iademency of the weather; and
other part of the worM, perhapt, is it ao
rljr demonstrated in how little space, aodon
slender means, man may subsist.
Chinese are di>?ided idolaters, and ham
■nual show and procession for propitiating
, ril demon. They have numerous houses <rf
ship, in which are kept images of gods, which
able, in some respects, those cut* the most
}U8 natioiu of IndiaiM. At one of theae
I, on tlie opposite side of the river, vrere
J of the priesthood, whose dress bote some
ablance to that of Fruiciacan friars, and
busineos was principally to take care of
icred hogs, tliese were about twenty in
er, and were in an enclosure. They are
killed, but are left to die in the regular^
of time { and several of them were so.un-'
|y, that it was not without great difficulty,
move themselves a few feet one way
I other. •
pertinacity with which the Chinese afltere
i uncienl ^ractioe of interdictuig to strangers
ntrance to their dty, is still undiminished,
fig, in one of my excursions, come near to
ste, and observing no one on duty to pre-
|he enlNmce of strangers, I walked in, and
led a distance of about thirty feet,
'a hue utd cry was made ; and a dozen
came running up to me, and, with earnest
I and violent gestures, pointed' to the gate,
licated, by signs that could not be mis-
, that I must letum. I did not hesitate to
with wishes so clearly manifested, and
the power of enforcing them was so ap-
Within the wall I saw nothing in the
ranee of the streets and houses differing
jthose vrithout ; and I am induced to be-
the rigour, in forbidding access to
lers, arises from the observance of the
Asiatic jealousy with regard to the
Of the characters manners, customs,
4ta of the Chinese, so much better ac
are given by those who have had greatei
tunities of observing, that I shall not at
to describe them.
CHAPTER V.
atioiM for laaving Canton.— Crew mustered.—
doubtftol character. — The negro appiiiiited
vard.— Violence of the monsoon. — DUBcultieii
supposed impractloability of the voyage.— *^
•rtuie from Anson's Bay. — Want of charts.-^
ogth of the eurrenta.— OilBcnUy of getting to
^waid. — Dangeroua rocka and breakera. —
Bckon a aunHan ledge.— Carried off by the
Dg tideb— Come to anehor for wood and water.
trip on ahore.— Curioaity of the nativea.—
nia§ proafMCtL- A storm. — Sudden appeor. i
I of a braacer.-^Miraealous escape.— A C '
2
i9
.— Costhmaaee ef the gala,
and eem fart a of a smooth horiMiWi-<-8eUliig eapo-
dties of the Janka.— Arrival at AaMqr.— .Appaar.
4090 of. the blMid.- OiAimlt mvi|prtion.— State
drtfce sre'w.— Mutiny, and aodeof mppreadpg it.
—The eiow landed on the beach.->Their meol-
anee, and ratiim of the mrfo-.ity to the ahipkSix
men left behind. — A mandarin op board.— Wea*
thee the north end of Formoaa.^-PaasǤe aeitws
the north Faciflc— InapplieabOlty of ita name*
— Exponureaad privaaona of the ere w.— Renewed
diaeontent.
By a recent arrival from Boston, I learned
that several vessels were fitting from thence for
the north-west coast; and as my anooess de-
pended mainly on arriving there before them, I
spared uu exertion for the acconiplishment of
this purpose. But for this information, it had
been my intention to wait until the strength of
the monsoon had diminished. To prooore a
competent number of men was a task ot such
difficulty, that» when apy one offered his services,
I was not very irartieular ir inquiring whence he
came, or how well he was qualified ; it was snf.
fident for my purpose if he was a white m.n,'
and presented an appearance of health and
strength ; for it was indispensable to our safety
with the Indians that our crew should be com-
posed oi Europeans nr Americans. Moet of my
men were deserters from Indiamen ; and these
were generally the worst of a bad crew. With
such as I could procure, however, I at length
completed my complement — sixteen men liefore
tiie mast, fourteen of whom were English and
Irish, and two Americans. In the cabin we
were five in number, indnding George, who
acted as steward, and the linguist, making to.
gether twenty-one. The vessel was remarkably
strong and well-built; well-coppered ; mounted
ten brass four-pound cannon; with a proper
number of muskets, pistols, pikes, &c.
At this season of the year the nmrth-east mon-
soon was blowmg vrith its greatest foroe, and
the current was strong in proportion. No tradi
could be pointed out, therefore, by which we could
arrive at such a northern latitude as to be free
from the faiflnenee of the trade-wiud, which waa
not fraught with difficulties and dangers. The
most direct course was to pass between th«
southorn end of Formosa and the northern ptrint
of Luzon, by the Bashee Islands. But here the
effect of such a sea as would be met, upon fo
short a vessel, combined vrith a strong lee
current, presented obstacles sufficient to dis-
courage the attempt. To follow the track of
Captain Meares, at the same season of the year,
in 1788, by going south, and endeavouring to
get our easting on the equator, would, doubtless,
be the easiest method ; hot would unavoidably
take up so much time as to defeat my object.
The course which appeared to me to offer the
best prospect of success, though attended with
moredaiteer than either of the others, was to
heat vf abng the shore of the coast ot CUnn.
hi\ .■' 'W
in
tH»Vl*» AH»»'< VHVAHi'H
I
%\%U\\m \\^^^ Ym\\^ Jvu** n>w mi\\\^ m i\
m\mm ^ ^
M\
m.fimjmm\ m vwm, \ m\A tims \\\
1V>. ft^Sy^ yH\^v Wv» \fiVr>s y)\Vf. ^>M\S)k \\\^ ^^^|\^»
VW>* 1 " ^'^Sii^iV^i.Wy^ \N-A» VrtN'l \^T ^W \H\^i WW. i^m
*1U
X^tWW^ic 1^^ >^•ws v>w \y^^ n^^^^ lW ^\4N\|i[NS\Mky^
t6 \j*(*i*wyfi irrt^. * wwiVw yi\\i''wi w^Njiy^i tvs ivmtW
*IW4 *K >^»Hlfc¥l*M ^f»»*t» ^'iW \V«l!^ SVtt^ V»N>W^i.
ll^kVOk -^*-^^'*-^*^^-^^ ^«X sib lUlhifci \ k fchii -^ihh Akkkfe WUkk*
tWVT TffTnWWlTfft^ TUT X^f"^pllWll HTWtW^. ?\W1 pPI *
v^N'M, 'w>>K#[>^ y-w^iffufr, '•^ v^v> K*(^ i|p)»y>w^
!HV rtf H *»»«»-H»v Hlill) HI iti^H. t\m m\\ tr..)..,i
•tHI^nK ♦!»«» UH Hiiiiil ♦♦•*♦ \mM Mtt* hIh.'.. .. m
m m lit MiH maliiliiiti m\\ ilin ptlt'tH-Hw f
Hl)!|i>l, l» l»i?h»|» >'rtini, *U' \«»'Ht ttltllttrij lit Iim ,i
h»U'ii*^v m\m' lilt' HMt iIhv (ntilo, Iim.u
»»»»» rt. Iltthf iiit'i^., »u» ilti'ii ttiif i^iiW'itt I lit I'.
rtlt< ti^ wltU'li. m\\ \m\\\\ft flttii;' III <tl|i*l>*. «*• +>
vrtHM rt iiiiiH. \\\ mm^t mmU m itHti,,
n^.Hill, m\\\^\\ \\\ \\ m\\\\ nnl«h M\\k} m\\ H t.1.1
Ml»»>l, H»«l*»>ll Wltlfhllll* %H l*|nith «lllt ^Ir,
^tH.Hmui lltH miilirti miim>»»l. «l»t<t« Mf^i.
s\\\\ \m^ Wm mitthii mM in HiKilt+Hiil n.
Kk'rtik Imi^nW «H|nu»ii hum ili»» iilli hi mIiu
^H w>if' Mrtvhtl «»»tUi»>« p«l» HHp m\\\^*'
iiiW M\\\\ \i m liiittiU Hhi^H |»ii »l>«i*lt, II «t|
lUn^Mllv i>hUlht\ Al^lll I lUti dUt'll HH* li(h n-i/;
l^t ♦«»* '»WMi, l\\»« Wl»ll\ hl'lll* Itttlll, lltHi I
KH< *"» Itl U\it'i\ if \\\\\\ m $^\: AhH' iliu.
\s* wv* nh^w tMtj ♦n «brt» Willi M»H ultut iv
»»»»»» Mm Ol^Mf, IWWiHi III \l\k> llliltl VI'll !lll"«|
\VM*'H V^ttll^^l**! Ml hmnfrtWHUlH llll'H'lllH Ht «i
1i\|« Wl^ll»»»l\ \\i IH l»«IH' tt HI*'** 1*1" unlit UHll jtK,.
«t»Hl\v m\ jilt KitlU j «>; Ijihii »bi«IV»l ilm iiiKlH"!^
»v*^ t\ H>*t'tMti) nW,i»ti lllty rtiul hIIIH>' HttH miiini|t.
»«t^K^>\ li\ nlmH*.
A^ m\\}kS\\ wr Mil? Hilt, «>• ^i«H« itttl M lilt'
A*\\^^ {A mvi mH^\\.\^% t'ltMlltlk'llllllV \\\ \\\Hf>
wiM ttlr \\\Y> \sW\f y^n Ittrt Mtt» |ii«ti t«vVnltin. \\4
\^l^lt<iMttt\l^i| )i MU|i^ in, \Vh htttdliitit'il I
^Av «\uw«^n#1iHHi IH uhtthtHitl. mill (it ti
^Vt«l«fr <♦ h»»*»WWi <HI ttlti'lli.i^ll IH ttlii*|
iii»«\rtw». All m «r wn I M«* «t liHii ii(ki»i •'^"i
Hiitltt Wt^l^^tl«| Ivv ♦III* \\^\\s Hlf Hill- n«bi«|t<t, «
»tyst*l\t\vy;t! { m\ '\\\w\ llth l\i-»»M>» t'l^ittf, Hbltth*
WJrtlW. rtv I W IWt^HtV* \^t« «lt<^1»«t^Hlt MtrtllUll Vf
^K\«h\ rti\>^ w lilt tttttt>lt Ittlttttih :
\\\m Hm\^sm wr W\^ <«llu ili»« \^^«mt»i^h|
ljN| Htl«^\ *¥« W\^tt| IW »IWW» «l«l «MI«lt«H»ll W»
vW \\\Y^ \H> rtfinH uittttt^k HH>< in^ftv i\ vm ♦»'»I«J
Mv^ '•A'rtit^V \mit>ISy «w» ttli- n^t^i t» «»hllti li*r|
iv ivs^Mn^lNm^n wsm w»w«» wtt* Ih ««, wm 1 1* :
Xi^y\sv *^tii l^lHIst'ttt* »lttt^♦^\ltt^lt|■\l« A ("i|»r.
^Vv>t•*t^|t>^*. 01" t\tltt't-< \ i^ttivlti^t*^ Hi «t t^i
y^H^v \^\\y^ t\sW[t vwv tttwt^ tt«tl\. litt«i»» jM'Of j
<^y\M* ^^^v^ \^»IH^ «* m {\\^ <»ll\t umlv t^i*,
rtxi^ %\ A *\m\^\'s A\\^ i'\m^\\^M\^ \mw il«
vm\ w*\^H^t aaA 'fxswM m\s\\^^s\y\ ttii
•i vt«V yhy>*l Wnlix Nm^ f\mfi( !thw¥ Ai Mlt^tl* wi
] Vtftt^ ^«y^. tIsK' \\(ty^ \>f*» mv ll|tl\i rtt^litt '
^i V^Vv ^«l Hnms-*\^« *Vt(>«<t\| fV<i^*it»^WI»tJ iti iitttt'l
i <vs WKtVv « w^v»<k*vy (\> y'Wt \\\% »«n*.
\vi»ulwHhik m\\ iti (ft
»HlH IBM), «Htl Ml^tl f«");Nl IHwdHi'* Mif Uh/I,
♦•*H»'t.|Hll»tt) tllrtl. H« *>• llHd CflfflHl »< f«((f!h
lit) thtr I 'itHl'l*'t^Hiilv (<t nitiilttlti't. ti|)^ d'
Ml|tltt. Ii')'t (lie tlt«tt|t|tMlH))tiht|f )it n>u| Mll*^
♦h* ttf !»««:* tl))»f l»'t)»))»"» *'< iM-wrtJil ()f ♦l)»'
III (If It'M »|(f' (ithl't'llllllf f<th()l(l^. TH \wh Dll
|H), lit I't "tt'ttl t) ♦•(((»., wH" v*')t /IN''')*lf«|flt)if.
i«|lht(ilt ttM-illf.) i'-(t')llltM«. Wf »'»n(ljl i(«»<ir»
il< t'l M'tt»U\ If l)« ttiHiilt fitllf llMiifti. fldd flMit
bjiit'i <| iof Ittiif iir> fMiljil (f'l M'lMlKi^ l«r i(«<><|i
llhi fl.lM) lilt' rltttHv l() Mi#« ♦■t^)ll»)|^, til *r«'ll
ll))(»tt|}l|hMl ll)f «(lt'Ct'HlllK| Klj^llf, « llf^^^.
' »lti< iHHtl Nttit))***! t)» fJ'^y loiicif ) Mvi, lu
l))tt tl>i«(i III. w>' i^hIhmI ♦•tHi fiiHf»» flirto im
-♦•tlilH* llMt'il |n«)»(.
m \Ui' lllMlillMtf tlf Ml>* tUfll rrh flUtt n (itftt
li)>t'7»' ^Mlii frtif lioMli frtif, )((NM»((j ilirtH
I )tt>l)l llll' '^\m>\ (ll)ll «H(H) Hh^'f Mljtllf A.M.,
lllllMi'tl H |lill)lf nllll'lt 0|))««))'tl (t) (i)> «t^w M
I Utttldi itiH. HMll lit widl'll lll^H' >{\i\imt>li hi
lll)H tliilii;)<Hli)« u\t'Un HHfl llH<Nlt^^<«. kl<^|.
It)) InMll HHUtl«ll»j» ttMllll^, Itt- I|W»I vK T l^*-*-
' iMiiidllKi^n, ft-itH(irt)» f«i tttii w«itl N iinHk
»», nilKH illlllitjlllti HI Wf «»^^^ "irtlllHIl «f
lilhitf rtliHiif lii)h»' kmh, nh fHH ii|»m) n
Hi li^ilte. A<« {\\f \fnnh\ Iiiiiir xiilt ftit'WOHl,
i^iiMi'il Ml)' MlU «)))l litiUtHioMf Ml*' hmi,
[ll ll»'n til l-t)IH ttllf HH MIH'llht- N'ttrtMl ((l(f,
NIIHttlt'lr. Ill jiDttlllf^ Hlh NtlhlDif l«(t»( tllh
ill)i< liKltif It stuiflt nitli «iiicli hiK-h (tttrtliiit
If Mlf |)lrt))l<«( I)) tll)« lltlftnlll llf t)t fhllthf llM-
%* )))))(! •Ill' H«« i-cimit-t'il. (IiIk w(|« n »II<i.
liiiB fi)i'i))iHmi)t')'» «i \Uf vfM)'! kf tftf
i I liDf flifi-f ^^n* m tjtiiff t-MiiKf)'}' Uitii)
|i*«f tl))* ItHItt M|t)tl)t till iJH'kt null aIii|< fii,'«
I)) Mil' \\\>M l"t(it'illfl(|i)« wrtr fKumllijn.
I Wl* WH^ ♦l»l|i ♦'lljtrtttl'tl, Mif fitff )-»t«it« HM
Ulli'.f Mlf tcMt-l ulliiiitf MifHii'k.inmltlHl Ity
Th»H «f )ii)M, utttl Hfiimt-MiMjr wltliiiDf Uni.
NtNl rtiit l)»J))^t. (I)ir Infltmltt wnh 'ia„
|Hl).
il)i« m«»m)^hI I'ltt^ Imnf ittnl rtiii'luif, «))♦! fi|tttlfi
Nrtii, m uttiiiil off tti •crt, uti fur rt<« t(» CMnltlf
iHi^rtMifUhU uliiittl m fli»« ♦i(i(iti<ilt« tn^k.
' iN I'tiMtliitt. |)f'H'Pl<'l))» Ml)' )<ii(-rMik Ut hi*
I H»«lM«it ))«, n»» «-«m»« Fit WMi'liii^ i»)i(l Uy nil
^ M> )»»m WJ't-n ♦•tiHMimnMl liy fli** Hl^cfi
L M)i»f wt» Itrtil ^»•(^)llrt^• tlilfn nfHIiin tinrtli ntiil
l| nitil n^ HtiiMt MR If lihitnti fit ni*i Itt hut
^ m fitrt a«fh, wp tufljiliwl ntii'litif rtiiil !(»»-
)«rtfln|t. Hot, tiKTiiitt M mIiiiH IrffKtiInf ncn
rtf)»ml wifh, wf •ttntlit Imf liffld iiriiKrcxft
fl))» )l«y ( utiit (Ml nnflfflly dlil f U t'lmi
if In lit» »fft»wwl with rtti'kn ntiit ulionU,
[U wiiiM Miif lt»» ti|t|ir(tnHiHl in fli« Misfit,
V)f Mti' tttitif tiiiintiii'til: tlntti(i«r ttf InNlnit tmr
It l)»»ni'»« llj« MfiWMHy rtf nmlliin am nh-
^, I f»»r ihtt tiljttilt iMtfuri* tliff tii»v t'U»pi{.
^W»»Wfil»«il III itnrtt^ MiU, lijr riiiiHlMK Iti wlirrc
wm It Humlipr of jiiiikit nf uto'lior i mid
I w»)»«itl«mltltt n(»ttl«»meiii, Itefore wliiofi up.
|«l ft) l»n nk (iwk.
I looit is Wi hud Miifhnrod, n niimliftr of vi
*Uhtn t^mK htth m J lotf «« muHt^htt^m tnim
Htif ht lUh |i!(tfw|»^>i« (fiM||jt««if*'*, ♦titf Nimttimian.
Him mftf ^o«fl«^<| fo <||j«*, fijr «f(»(if<(i /tf wMHli
j <n/H^»d"/* If) )'''ti(''Mlifllll(f wit tthhit ht ¥lhHf{
«tt'| nnht. W(fll»' »f(»- /'f(i(f/if«Prt »»<'^f '•«ff4|#/f
Iti fllll(ip( (/i(f ftufff ''rt^ltf, Mt. f^HiHh, Mc ♦•nWff
(♦frtfp, tHrt)|H «♦) ♦'Of (/f.«lo« rtM ^tfth. A# •««« HI hif!
fNl|rl>>d, H {U'tmiii mhh ot'Hhhli lU p(i»iit>*ii «/^^
«tf(tf|Mf|)r. <'fi)0<' up frt >(l»»i. ««d »Mt»rt<« *\ffiiti (fffft
ll*" «(i((i(f(f f/tllort liitft l(( »»(»' tott. Uh nn* fiitifd
UiHmUit'Mi hi rt ifmum^, ithn w«*, fl/tirtifl^M/
fltf Hi»o))i«(('l«(if( ««a fw, f«/'»f(|f »««rt*i Irt /irt«».
pti'hNUi Uth tiU]N'i HtHitf ♦1*1', mn\f*'nifH iflifi.
^Iff ♦« nffrtflfv If. «f(d f<«iff(»v^rt ^^-tf ft ffz-rtf t-UtlUf.
If (tfiiihftf^i/l M« If tht'nc pi'Hplf find ft^y^f l^^/w^
IhNi (I ii)i)fofl^(»tt f»f AffK-H^Wrt. tll^jr hHUfWIfit
liKtt iH <'fywrt« l/» iUf thti. litiii ftrtrt HiMiti Uith^
kiuUiit piHhh. All l«f(oi(f. ttif fl(^ ??frt^ tVM
(•(miidoiK'd J Mffd MMi Iht* nH'itn, whrt a/Hti
ihfu Mijini^t<d OM /I fOfldl*' *»«!<•* «<»j«/'«d*«rf (If^-rf
Omoiijirtol^d fiy n MKddir/- «f ff»(. IK^N, tf(|^
lif.dfid fo vntidwftffl) fffiil ttiiHi fliM fim^ t<frtif
Mtf !*HI(, w»« l(«fl »i« mUf.t wlwdflirtft tlf^ f^gfrtdf
f«Mn«f»rtH f •inf/i/flff(/<t( litowl^ft ^fty nhhtiif^ M
fliNf «f ffod/l tfAifi ii*dfilfit Uyht'HiUigi ni\ (f(#A
l^ht-Mtllr niMiffif fl «/ti«iriff( fdn/'f tff ivfrlffi ih
»ifi»'lioc> fliid Hffi wf<ff( iiif wind W(w rfi^id^gf^,
wi« w^r»« (i(wfly') Mdlf'-d f*i nti^'hrtf whM^ fIfAMA
wnti N^fdtfif AttKhMf !/•(. W* («M^*'d *«v*»fjf /f#^
vNtif ^♦•♦'f^ i\\ fiifiiti^ (tfiflf-j , a«d w»•f^ Iff iHittrf «f
•♦•ffffti frtwfit^ «f»ffl^ of wlil/'li ftffficflf^d f/» !>«» ^
^rtMdld^iMWft «M»«.
Om Mi^ fflOfflifilt /«f fff? 2lflt, f t¥M ^fft«lW#
«uf|if(«»«d ««d dfllpM/'d i^ffb II hft'Pit^ i>pf^fifiti§tif
tthtn ffif fioiiffi-wHf^ whii'U, ififfMitJfig rtf, A/Krtf,
Htfififtiifd flifoiffjfirtitt »(^ ddjr. ntinnnfttfhfttmt-h
dft ♦"fillr^Mlfli^ Itroitifr^f, fftfl* I fr«<Mr( th Hgtibt
myni>\t wiMi Ihft f»*«H^^ tfint wft hud n^wi ihti
ithtni ht hut ptwnngij. Mrtf f was n/rt l^« ptft.
Milfffd to Ifidolg^ *o |»1i«»irJfijt i lirtpf ) gg, fr^MTA
Mxlit oVIock IM titft fttfefiftii, thft wtnd nWftiwI
"(iddffily, l»t M s^ifrfH^ to tfn Md /(r<arf<«f, tf»A
Moi-tli fast, attd Wfw with «f*>af, ylolfnr'*'.
Oil tlift arifli, wf «aln»«d ^frrisldfrafrty in (^
for^fioofi) loit townrd"! Hfolrtt thf wind in-
fti'nnfA. Ao a« to ht\hf( hn iin(ft!t douhlft-f^i/M
Mil*, fh^ filjtfit nnn rnirty and durk, wjth «
toogh Ufa, Ifito inhMi w(> ftt>t<* p\mf(ihg, trtth.
00* ffrtfiloR nny flilvnntntff ) nn, \n tfift m^AlM,
oiif |io<ilti(ot diffcffd littf*- w ntmti tttm #fiitt »
wioi tlif ptPmWnm t^nn)nn. <"» tli^ ^tflfrinf ^ ih%
!lf)fli, fif»'ffrflo)j ffif fhawff tif finchoriftff wh^ftl
>»« wffft not wfll Kfiflf^-ffd, to paanin^ af«*l> «
flight fls tfif Iflst, wfi eatoft to an^hrrr nnd^f tiM
Iff of n rork, w.f.n nft«;f lotniiAt j whcw w« rAd«
rfry scoiirftly ontli ti«)twr>An t*fi und «l#t«»»i
oVIfM'k, whfo, the wind having lnr;f*^a««<l vtity
oiiich, «f ntfiifk iidrift. S\\ hnnt}n wfr*^ r-nlM
hotofdintftly » we htnrf op th« anchor, mtd^,
oodPf doohlA-rffcffd HniU, utow! tmi to mnt
until four a. m., when w« t««kcd in »hw«^ fh«
wind and W«« hitving Mt Jn^fftiMfd (oi to k«*y w
^ I (1;
^H»»i ^)nui u^ »i\H \\m. \'m \\\\\\\a m %\m\
\^*iv>\ i\m\ mvw \\\ \\\\- \w\\m •*> \\\\^ nn. ^\\\\
w\
\\\
m \\m\>' \\m \\\\i\
.V- l\»>»' |U^» i^Ujl(>«> • rtWihIuj
Mi \\**V\'.\v «y\^\»V< |l\«^ >\\\< m\\\ \\\\M\ \'m\\\
K*\MVw\wyH )\*\i \*\ »** i'\rt»l»> m *\>A\\\
\\\'^ ^m vmwsm^y m\m\w\\\ Mi ^\\\\ \\\y m
\\Ws \m w\\^\\
VyA\v| V\\w M\i 'S\\\\ ^ \\\i^s\ \\s y»v *yyu\>\Oy )y ystw
™ » i M • 1 - ' ■ 1 1 ,1 I I 1 , .1 ■ 1. . . 1 ■ I 1
W
S\
mvvm\yy^ wyi* A\ys\y\«» Wwm \\\\^ \mw
U yW vvv>ys\yHk yvir S\\v '^'A\. <i*v*yv yy<y» \*\\
^m\ yy y>>My*\yVy-»y\vW lyUA^vsyyy^yy* y»» l^y** ttH\><L
*M« K\ \\\%yy)^\y^ \^^ wsmM w^y* «»*y^yy*' «yy»i
Wy**%\\v ^^v>^vs^ mM yyys S)\\^ ^>\^\y. y^v^ )vy*y
v#i^\w * v.ysy*Wy vnss W^^ ^^yy^ lyyyyK*. Ww w^^m,^
im '^'^WNW^ i*yy>^^ysy<, m\ vvy*y\» m\ \\\ vyyyy^^yyyyyy
WWy mS^V ^\\v\ H\\; ws^y vy\v{y-\y yy»* \s\\\^\ \\s
W^^vy^wy \y^^ y'-y^v* v m , w^v^yy ^^yv* »y\\v>., yyy>yMyy»
»fi(*^v^ii1 \y*r. Hv't^ *\\ ^-Ayysv* yw ^\\v\m \\\ s\\\y\^
'(im % M^^ \\y^Wyy\v y^^sy^^^^y* a «yyy<yU ^w^^yin
wt ^>M\'^ v^\yv\\y^k ^^u ykv\ ^\yyyl vvHy^yy
yy«MVVA* ss^ \v\ *ysy\'>\v'tyy \v-Aiiv^n <»svyyyv^yysyy'* \-^\\m\
\kv * ^"»\sViV\J(SyNik ^ssyyyt, y^yyy w***^^ wiy* ySy»\*U\v'y<ly
liij^ANss '(\N"(W ^yyysV» uv **yUy\ik« ^^yyy \m yyWw
Ny<^ 1^ v»v^ \vV>v>yv ^ViV' »wy \\*t y<»syy^^\ ^lyy^v ^*^
*% v^yvw^ "iW 'jys^\-*iVi'iA*\^ vN>; y\» y yyy\Wy^\ \ \yis<* **
V^WiWA SV" v^v^'ANN* V«y^^^ ^*1 *yyv'>\ <^v|yy^yyv^ yyyy
ijy*iy^^ <^.*^w^ vA*^>«. \M^ ^^yyyyUw w»\U^ wsssM
^VA^^i *^ vv'tWi^^^irt'A yss * »v* \N^yy^y\ >y\y^yy^»♦ S^msA
¥ly^ V^W\
X^ vJ^X'i^^ v^W^'V y^N S\\^ y^wyyyyyih y\v \m-
WM^ ^W^l^ii ^'^ W )it<M^«iyvi yyyyvH^ v\i<v t nv\^
s* * mkH^ vyf vy>^W vysN«i \W» W^uh ^^Miyy^ ^v^ ^y»^»*
WNMyytMyx >h<i"i^ rtyy^s w^^v^ \>v v^yy^ »^y>Nyyt^y»*yy\
iW yw«|?M <; <wwA svs ^^ y^ysy^yy^k v^ ^yy^ M\S[\
llMMMii ^^y- W*y^ irWiwM \v^> v>vyy<5v^^yiy^\> \\^
\'*^\ ¥Wi m)i ii\^ V. W\" ^^ »y«*^ w^'A|i*<y^»»
I'll
IM«l'il|l>'t
lUliiM m'
t't.j M|.l|l I,
ti ¥MUMIf»
\U \\{ «lMitlKl», jilMl RH ilrtthji
imiillittli Hilil M ll|)|t H ttHM I
tluiiH mitt)iiii|iHiM). wim] I
W It'll tri' tij'it UM liHr) \m
ti'ii!, \\i \tiii|li llu* Hlinjr P*
mill ImHI itltiMtt *'> HJiitlt'tti-) III! htiif »<
«im>it ««H till ^i»titi(liilii II ill •')! It'll. lit Mil
itiK (iiiii'i mIii'IiiIU III mIhi'Ii u iIih I
yiii'ii t H jtiiit'i' lit i|i."ii iiMii)', If H |iji)KiMH|t
I'll! lit- (ill (ll.<i| h III" Ultl IIIIHllll'l iif ti'iiHi
tllllj l| Itl I Hill Mill.' ■ :
I lli'ljl ^HtllMlll.^g.
■'Ill lu- r
<«itti'li II
ItlMll ..13
lIllMlllflf
111!
H )II«II>I<IU>I| III III' U\
lih iiinIi'I* iif llii< Imii (ii
ilt> ttlnllhllii; llllll y«>'ll< Hill IIIIII...II
nl
M Mlflf.
h^i lli:il «Hlti||i.
r,
t<>tl III 114 mill'
III liiiiii'inliiiiii. Hi'tl ^u< kIi.hIiI »ii llllll Hji'i
illiili'i III!' ihh til lytt UiiiiH H llll)i< til «l||tli<.>
\\\\*\ ulili'll lU lUll !«l tl 4 HI'llU'lli lii-HI •
ti\ll|l<4H Imiltl ill!' I Hit Hill llf lll|l> lif III.
t(Oii|> nil liiirtiil. mill liiliiiiii(.ij lit llinl llij' ii...
Ill lIlK lintii HK4 \iiiiM I llllll ||ti< |i|l|t| lllii.
Illll'h llllll II ll>lll ItttfttllH |t| (illiiiaiini \itl4 II'
Uliiiiii nmiitti I iiiiililiiil \«M iiiHil l»ii<ji iJiHiti
ItitlllA till |l\l* lllllH, HMIiHIMII'IIi llllllll'lilllillitili:
llllll nluitlla lit HlK lllililllll'itlHlH njlHI'l*
•^llllll' yijM iiHiil liim<'i'>\<.iiiii(iiiiili'il llllll III"
mill oliiiililiitiit mill ltiti'ii|t IliK H|i|ii'iiiiiii(>i'
i'HIiiiIu *t'rtl» III iiinili'iii iiii'ii «hi- IihhIHuI'
«llllrtlinl III! Illl» »(lll' nl « lllll lljllKUlll' lit It
«|j.t| ulll'll' Ul' llllll HIII'lllMI'lit llllll "
ulllllll
in I'll
tiitti
Ititil
Ut' llllll HIII'lllMI'lIt Hill) Mil
i. Ill H|t|(llli'lllly llilf IIIIIIK lIlKII init Kilii^
i|,llllllVIHIII<|i )lf|t»l'llll'll H lllljlll* I'llllh'it'
iMn|u|| i\|i|ii<!iiiiiii'i< Hniliitt lilt- iIh<,
Hl4)>i<ii "ii'U'lill oitii!lilt'|t|itli"''t'lllM|iil'lll«.
lll'll llllll II M!||| llllllltl lit llllll lIlM Hlllltt-1
tMIHi»l|y l«\|ltil|ll'il III! ll|l)(l'IIIHIIt'l« llf |l|tHl 1"^
iiilMli \\\^ iIiiiimI mil (iiM- iiiKniilMiii< III •'
\\\m\ Hill', iilli'i llii< iici'itiiiil 111 lliti iliiiiii.
yiMi'ly li(f HilmiiiiHii liiiiUtyi<ii iii, niii| lli.
i\m* it'uiiiini'il III iiiiflnH III! iilftlif. I yi"
iUilly Itiiii' tntti'iiti'il n |i|li(h l|til i'lmlil iii<l. "
\m\m nllii'i ir«mi(ii'(> IIihii Ifiillm^ liitt llii' i
j*i«ilVHly I'liiivmi'il illit'illn'i<i hf IIih rliliiHn"
rtiiil iHiillii)! In llii'liMiil H'lil rt l^imH ImhIihiiI'
«rtlvly.
\H»«lhMi« hI' iH'imimUilii^ llii'ttimiml It i
^S Inyy wrtli'ii wIiimi simih nf llii' ifhhi ((m
iluinyvv lly^'iiy^i'lM'v uc ii'imiliihil hI mii'lti'i
m ^U\ l\tv iliW 1*111
Wllll'll
l\tV lllll
hiyi'ki
mi|m«i»i ttiiil *m IIIHII* III';
\yHH iml yUllilH lif U\ii
11*
ll
yyyyh^-, IM ilii»«ti» «i< limk ltii« l'lMl^lll|^*, Hint "l
lyy^yy l>My\t\ltl imiiiv nl iIik iIukju-n ytlili'li ni"!
inxlyy^y'i^ mil \\\ ii* \\s Ilii- MiIiihhihii.
l<lAylv my IIih mm'ulim nf Mit« lil nf l'»'liiti«
yyy* y¥«ymi>«il Mii' IhxK m ItttHlliiit li» yyflml«it":
iym\ «yl« limply yy»* liml h+i|iii'iiliy mily Iwni
llymyy* y^i ttuM* lym! iIIh iml Hbrtvn ilit»>|ihiiliij
fkHyy^iiyil; y^lV •>lmn*i y\i' yi»^. hHliMinlHyi \m^
\\\ »yylft»h \\\^ lyiu'lmnyp^ mnlt<v lli«« li^i* Mf llfl
\m\\ hVim*v W*y\«nU ttvi'iUnn. m\h limi^
|yyyit<ty«tl i^ iliyv y^i i^M^iyt im\li>ly hikI fiilliiii'.
tlyy» ilyyty lyiyil «myK liyy'M w* «Hlmmi, Hit' r
^yy»y'» v*i »l»'ilyiiiyll»m m» ihihmIhIii. «ml llic •••]
<H*M^ »^» (*>*l»«llli>*. Iliti^ lli^ im»H» «m'i»nnlt»tl
\^s'^\'\\ \\\ \\^\ Mill) t-nlil. Ii^mmtt «|iiii(« (llgli
y^yyynh Miytti tlmlmt H«(> «itk»ilii| ty||li(, «tiV
k lll'tljlUlllHli n>;
r«»M J|lf>«t >•) Mild fl^(^MMtMNMHH Mi^f
fHMtit^ ()m*U|««t». </«( IMn M(^♦ !m.<()
(Uhf
#M turn <>•»» ^tll|t•(((, ll(«» ((»f «1h/*> w«« ^h |
i l«t )tltHI(((l M(lf<lt'lvt"< l(t «<!»«♦>' lit lifhui-fi I
txr (Mttfltt )<In(i WMIi Htl< rifw, ( hinmhii
♦♦ti'ij JMtn««-tl ^'<tti ♦•(•(•It 'il(l(' *«^ ♦♦(»< »f«(«(^»^^
Hltil »'(j(,'l( (trtlt'^K fl* ♦•(*• Mlfc Mxtc, ^K(
♦(Htl«»<li' will) « jtHlf <)l Ih«(|«.(I (((i^((«(, W*
llitlildit »« «f(jtK'h»-»lil ff((«« «(( (•»(n(I», W((j)^
HCtK-Jl 111!' t\fttfhh )it ♦lltllHOC*' fl(« ('X^mIc
I \V !((>(( Mill ((♦»'|(«f((HH(( (^(«» (uHiif, I
i «((» itind •(» ♦••(«(»< (litttff M(»> (Mf(«>, ((((
(if m>l(|* lied (ll I Httlt (j««t(«|("l 'm ll(r<(M,
I (((-(fhlrcti Mil*' (t((((il('*f *'t(((il((it ((If ««(rc
«M((|t( ((lucllrtdft' KtlC ((f ♦!((' (-flMdHK (((((ltdK
Ht Hitt *!»•<* I l<«it (•*(f(«l(«((llv (• (dWH ((((
!»(( (»♦ fdclt »i«t(, nlM( «ll»hl»«(l »)(((l»l(t mui
liM('(l ('Mi'lt ((l|(^^■ »'T('f* ff(( l(»<t(r« ^itwf^
itln clHfh ((f lllldi* ('HmM ((((t (ff- Hf l(1»(|j I
(|(IM, H('lll(C» (MfiHf Uin Mftl('C(i M( !»'((( f(l^/l
^(^«•tlH< niif ^lle•^|l iliidMt ili<» sKcc^^rtlHjt
MHrt f»*H(uln»*(J (n H(l<i l(»(*l|j^ nhiiuiit fut
|fr»t«ttt(r f(((H l((t((f*, t»lfl(f(t(« |(('ft'»<|»)(iK ((i(y
ilOm («f Mif* f^'Illl(|♦l(^(( (if M(c ffKdKt^f'fd, if
^♦il ♦() Hif) fltrtf If Ihcv «(i((|(l H((«^«t f(»
ht( nllHtft, fh^jK wddid (i((f(»( l(^ Ul((|l frt f>f«
fftt l)««nf(l ntnlfi f<f( i»(«f'lt l^r(d« no f «l(m(M
Ifllih Whcti, llihfcf((ff', ( »(((^fl^ fliC (ir»i|»«-
f(t lltf>(ti, ♦l»»'r fcndll* rtHcdcd !« if, nio\
"(ftiffllufhijr m{M KM fh^ hpnt'U. 'h(^
lllr ' flip IftiiNldlrtfifK In HCf* lhc(d Wflu
jilirtl H«^, '•'♦>••♦' l«('f*iNdlly ^t(rr»it((«l««i| liy
♦•H(W((i nfid ••|^|^ AifitnfWtM l(cc(ff((h ^<-
iy If^k^tttfiih ntdl •"Hdrifhffnidc ) >)MW1>«i»
ii Htfv ffidltl (difnin n, ftllt^r fmtd fltnti n
# mi)(|t|i( hC fU'f«. 'nif» M^!tf ff(((ffilrtM, (;»rd(,
FnHtHl Ut<» •»ld»»(«f'*«if ♦Id' firtt. 7(1 K'kkI-
|nI idd IMNM (tf-WHf'd ttdtd, (tf (»li«f..' nffy,
w pilde fif Jidlif'dni f(t h\n vtmtni\i*n,tn* '•••
fldistlllly to tin. Iifld IH lil((i Into Iil4 i»rc
tKttlldf), Hinillttt (Idttd ((I flm l((<(l('ti (in^
|«i Uli jHCkMi Hi If ld> wnttffd tn MirMtk wltlt
N(i|t|m«lii)t li(« (((iKttf tin ({(•(iiifcfl liy fl(«<
ri to oiiikt* ROoiK )(ro|(Oi«iil, ( (t«oi ()!«■ I>ni(if ,
Ult« «hl«f tiiMtd, mid wHfi UtHttM/ti itnd fhrt
liol id tm Mm. Old Will ^V iftot w«(« th«
«)»/«l(( '((( HItf ff-f^df ♦I/' ■»«* ttf-hiiHiU'lfif ^tf>i'i0l(
.(ff, M(d li^ii^^^^^^'li f'< !<" «'« ffd/'-^l ««1f#'«^ff 'ff
l(l« t'liHiiHiL nui^ tiiHmhti •/< tmit »« ''^t(#v*
If «fl lf( f(»fi(f(', fl(«f f f^(/t#'^^ wff« "" f«^^ «
iKoxdfffid" «^((('/«f lit m ifftt* uwUfiiMilHti'M
(|(('» / ♦f(«H('d("d( ff'((f( ft(« h*"t'<ni1ii' hiitUtmif
lit i\ih if(»(/(»(ff((/«f« f« */</« i^im'. "'1^ f'^jf^
pl(fch ♦•(♦'f /(«'f |(W« HHtntfUf thUt-ifli hf ff«*
M(((i(»**»« ((f (f I|'ifdff4>' ^iniiHtmi tt^iH il^ti
I\INU •l(M(. ( ((( l(l« IdfditA. M^ «1«'' WHim*t*f(
iilh ^f^ff-f, ^<f(f^«l•(•// f(/ ♦/•r^f'Tf ''f 'If'"''*. ^4
l(fivlf*j( nhhhiihii Ui m ttfiitin'tit lit Umuin tti9
yf"»«(-r
/I f^t \mt^ ftf.i'f "tt'f ^t»'l ^frt fii-i'>i fii^ff'^nti
hmti, I ««w «f| >V- 'df(^<M j|f/-(l»^ri f«l/r « ^M
(ff<«*« if((«f I «(jd iiiHi-tiith ttntiif m^nf^mn (n
I'*/-* fi(H(( '//f, f^ '^''■y iiiiim nfUmpf fn t'fm
liH umtli nHUmi* IHIUMhli. Wf(^rt fft^-y ffW
HHUm *lll(lf( lt(<lf, ^ hH'imift'fl IhCttU ''' fff*''
«efll. fo /M<f(fd«^f f((( ((/«(!f(r ffC'/ #«vf fff^
WwH/ffidj/flrt^^rtf ff(''fo "^r Hiift mi ii«i*^fi tit^t
t'-fdHI Wifh (I /■«/((/<»* /*/y?((l6'1 !>(«»/»///« fff#
l((»«f, f {hm^Htf/i ihf'iii <*'f'< f^t'M.fiiHVtfi If
fhhf HUHtipflil^ in Hl1itnUht<. tUf ihUinifif-Hf
^Uh w/ifc if t^if mit «*^»'«i '.^4/ f^^(''*'«* (t^
<(lf»f(((M !!((»♦ ff'^y tmffii'rt fit M(^ «fr'/M ^i^/r.
M(i« / htiuiHthii ih M ffc! f(^'if(/»c MuiHt^tif ti/r
(>"ffl((«{ (d/ >'(('(( M(( f(drtf/f ((« Hi/ Ui<u (HfHi.
h-Hifmu*U, Ifd- fdrtf" Add /^y^fir, *^tf ffW^'if/
(idrt fii'Hi'iWii <«*// ^«''d. *^ft* f'' 1'"^ fd^f^ff J (Wff
(•«!fl((|^ (««^ tit n fuw Uitff tfifi Morf, tfii/k thtif
xK^hiuii pmnOih lit ttiiiitf iihiili UKhni/^ifitf.
'h((•^^ wftt' lijiii (it'tpf'tntf ti'ntt-fiit ihf fffti»
l"(»d(>M. tllliiii' i f\t<fhftiiUm1 d(/f til fntitf M
l(d(|frt fl^fld ((d (»dy /•(rd/flfi'fdi f l((irt tft'tifmjf
li'nttf^H llmf ihcf ^I'ft ('iiHi)fU. ^h(i hn4 H^
(•(iitcd ff((((( fl'(f'flf(y fMt t ""d '♦"«* f^'^ ^'!fr*t
'Vl((((d, ff((fd Idi ldl(*'ll>j{^fd'^ (»f((1 nH'my, f hf/i
f.lv^^|('(»(1 flofdZ-rtTdnn. 'th\% miiUt pii^mh)f iM^
f»r.ff|f(ij inf ldffdfl((ff, (iffY'(rfpf'-(f f(f ffrmt' WHUi-
'«((f l((')((|t ('(tiled ) nttti wiipn Cf^(<»/!(1, h* >»Wm^-
(llnlMv dp^dPrt Id* ^liWpprt knUf, anil ffft-tfil^jf
ydrtcidjt fd»*nfd'» fhf* l»(dit, flfr^(!f (•«<»/! Ww i^Hfc
Ifisfftdf dpnf Ir tt l(^ (iff^'tfrjyf c(1 f/» pufit Idm, /
f((Cfi lf>v( ll^/l my mdrt^f (tf him ; Iwd \wn\nnt\y
f^c«il^cfid<( fl((»f w(* h(r/f aSft^nAi npfttf^A fnun
»«dd((t?( frt m^\M\t> Ih* vri^l Wdfi dn/dtfy, 4(*.
»l*ted ff(rW( ^r(fi^ if, (Wd MtiftipA h» hrttifH
with nil hi(f M< i hr»fr)(.(J fhdl, ♦I'iffj d IM(1a /«('-.
Ih^r df^lfiy, iv/« *hf»((ld f»lrf(tld ih^ 6fh^ f/rtrC, (if
whicti ( Wdi rt^ilfws, SfCWHSfif^f, mm itiHTii'
ld(t, ^c^ImiK fh^m «j(n"(ii tm Iffie Wit*h, f if^fiii M
Ihf m, nfrnM n* h«<//»r^, M^ AMftd Ih^y hMf 4^-
f.. -dfK^fl n6t frt ifr«pof(if« ) t^mm ih^y dtf m<wf«
fh^rfl on ittmtA n^nitt. ticSnft (*<irfiyh»<!;^<1 HhM i
fOdld H(»l Mt tfwWf* I Wdftt^-d wittjMft rt»f»W f (ftd
noi wduli F /W^fnHned ♦<» proiMtctH^ flflry tttp^,
ffvAn vrtlh Mf6tl ^n<Vt<f otM^f* } iiw, #(lfp«
ing anchor, we recommenced our arduous and,
luHsardoui duty of beating to windward.
We stood out to sea, with a good whole-sail
breeze from north-east, till four o'clock in the
morning of the 5th, when we tacked. The wind
and sea having increased very considerably, re-
duced us to our double reefs ; and, on coming
in with the land, we found we had gained se-
veral miles. But with so much wind and sea as
there then was, we could not advance any on
our course, and we determined to find an an-
diorage. This we succeeded in doing by running
a little to leeward ; and at noon, anchored in a
dee^ bay not more than five or six miles from
the place where we haa landed our men. On
coming to anchor we discharged a cannon, to no-
tify our men that there was yet time to dissolve
their partnership.
Here, for a moderate compensation, I again
engaged a Chinaman to fill up our water-casks,
and replenish our stock of wood. In the after-
noon, I visited one of the large China junks,
near to which we had anchored, where I was
treated with g^eat politeness by a person, whom,
from his dress and appearance, ! took to be the
owner. He oflfered us tea and sweetmeats in
the great cabin, which was extremely neat and
clean, and in whi<ih a Joss occupied a conspicu-
ous place. I invited him to go on board my
vessel, to which he very readily assented ; and,
as he seemed to possess an inquiring mind,
I pointed out to him our superiority of man-
ner over his, of taking up the anchor, hoist-
ing the sails, &c., of which he seemed to be
convinced ; and, after taking some refreshment,
he left us, apparently much pleased with his
visit.
The gale continiung the next day, it would
have been useless to put out ; we therefore lay
at anchor all day. About noon, observing a
great concourse of people on the beach, from
which we lay half a mile distant, with the help
of my glass I perceived'that oiur men were among
'them, and that they were getting into a boat.
I then prepared to keep them off, in case they
should attempt to come on board by force.
When they were within hail, I desired them to
keep off. They replied, that the Mandarin
would not let them remain on shore, and were
Advancing ; when, on firing a musket over them,
they imtnediately retreated to the shore. The
Mandarin, with his numerous attendants, then
came off, leaving our mutiuccrs on shore. I in-
vited these on board, and treated them with
wine and sweetmeats; but would not comply
with the pressing desire of the Mandarin, to
take all our men on board again. I believe I
succeeded in making him understand, that four
of the six I should be willing to take again, but
that the other two I wo<^ld not.
After remaining an hour on board, and exa-
ming every thing with much earn<;stuess and
attention, they returned to the shore. At the
tune time, and with the usual precuution, I
CLEVELAND S VOYAGES
went near the beach, in my boat, and, caUim ^
each of the perf":**s separately, by name, inquired
if he was ready to (^ on boar.i on my conditiotiL
They declared they would not separate; but
complained of the cruelty and k irdship of bein;
left in such a place. This was the last intervieii
I had vrith them ; for, soon after returning on
board, I saw them marched away, escorted by
the guard which attended the Mandarin. Oi
our return to Canton, we learned that these sii
men had been sent there by the Chinese au.
thorities, and delivered to the English company';
residents.
The next morning, having a favourable cur-
rent and a good breeze, we put out, and beat tU
the tide began to make against us ; when mh
gained an anchon^" near a small fishing town
where we lay the remainder of the day, and a<
the following night. Early on the morning a
the 7th, we had a moderate breeze froii
north-north-west, by means of which we madi
a course nearly pariollel with the China coast
till noon. The breeze then left us, m
having a contrary current, we let run the grap-
lin, in twenty fathoms ; and lay till five p.si.
when there came a light breese from the souti
east, to which we set all sail.
In the course of the afternoon, during t!.<
calm, a large boat came towards us, full of ma
shouting and hallooing, and occasionally firingi
gun they had in the bow. Their conduct was h
very different from that of any of the Chinese w
had met with, that, suspecting they might h
Ladrones, I ordered a four-pound shot to bie fire
over them, which produced an ibatantancoQ:^>J
retreat to the shore. Between ten and eleve^^
o'clock, the wind continuing to be very ligbulM
we discovered a large boat rowing towards \h'.
which I supposed to be the same. When at^l
short distance to windward, they left off rowiiipif
and lay on their oars. Their manceuvres an ]
number of men led me to be suspicious ; m
I therefore loaded two cannon and seven
muskets. They, however, probably from seciii;
we were not off our guard, returned towards tb
shore without molesting us.
With various winds and weather, we dii
gently pursued our course to the northward, i >'|
we got out of the influence of the monsoon ; ait jj[
on the 11th of February, had the satisfaction s !
seeing the north end of Formosa, bearing soutli
distant ten leagues. Thus, after thirty-one daf
of great toil, exposure, and anxiety, we had «
complished that part of our passage which U J
been represented as an impossibility, and whid
with a fair wind, might have beer, performed i
three days.
On the 17th, we passed between the nottiJ
9nd of the Island Lckeyo (which is nearly foii|j
hundred miles east of Formosa) and seven^
small islands which lie to the north of U, witliij
gale of wind fri>m the westward, and undur i
head of our squaresail, having previously i|t
the topsail, and got the yards on deck. 1 1
AMD COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES.
S6
i 1 manuscript chart of the North Padflc,
jih, I was convinced, was not to be depended
^ having already discovered two islands thfft
I npt laid down in it. And as the gale con-
to blow with violence, till we had quite
.J the coast of Japan, the nights, which
J long, and exceedingly dark, were passed in
pless anxiety, lest we should meet destruc-
i from some island or rock, not laid down in
t chart
passage across the North Pacific proved
jrly enough the misapplication of the term
^t sea, as it was hardly possible for it to be
ipeaceful. The violence of the wind gene-
' obliged us to show but very little sail ; and
jjea was so boisterous, that there were but
[days when we were not enveloped by it, so
the fire was repeatedly extinguished in the
ose. 1 be men who composed the watch on
^ never escaped a complete drenching, and
k constant employment in carrying their
I up the rigging to dry. The exposure
.ivations, though not sufficient to hijure
^alth of the crew, were much greater than
■ had ever before experienced ; and, as they
Ined that the other passages were to be
ly fatiguing, they formed the design (of
Ji I had notice) of deserting, as soon as they
i, after our arrival on the coast.
CHAPTER VI.
lean coast.— Precnntiont against the naUvM.—
rfolklsland.— Trading with thelndiaui.— Their
Itasiic appearance. — Disticctivn badges charac-
riatic of the must rude states of society. — Traffic
|»kiaa. — Curiosity of the natives. — Arrival in
Itham's StraiU. — Indian fortification. — Hos-
appearances. — Departure for Steeken. —
jjb cauoe.— A chief entertained. — Extraor-
kry request .—Desertion of a sailor.-— {lis re-
tation. — Indian mourning. — Abundance of
y-fowl. — Chilcat tribe — Warlike indications.
Ml »unken rock. — Perilous situadon.— Painlul
lerval.. — Escape.— Romantic anchorage. — He-
rn to Norfolk Island. — Onttetqna appearance
[the crew. — Successful result of industry and
leverance. — Charlotte's Islands. — Warlike
?. — Ingenious Stratagem defeated.— Indian
^iiette. — Preparations for return to China.
krly in the morning of the 30th of March,
iw the usual indications of land, drift-wood,
and gulls ; and at ten o'clock perceived
[•now-capiied hills of the American coast,
re leagues distant. We immediately set all
Is to work in bending our cables and get-
fup a bulwark, wliich we had been prepar*
of hides sewed together. These were at-
ed to stanchions of about six feet, and com-
jtly screened lu from being seen by the
jres, whom it was important to our safety to
in igtturancc of our numbers. Towards
evening we anchored in a snug harbour aft Nor«
folk Sound, in latitude 57o 10' north. Here
the smoothness of the water, the feeling ai
safety, and the silent tranquillity which ragged
all round us, formed a striking contrast to the
scenes with which we had been familiar since
leaving Canton ; and would have afforded posi-
tive enjoyment, had I possessed a crew on whose
fidelity I could depeud.
The following day was very clear and pleasant.
At the first dawn of the morning we discharged
a cannon to apprise any natives who might be
near of oiur arrivaL We then loaded the can«
non and a number of muskets and pistols, which
were placed where they could be most readily
laid hold of. The only accessible part of the
vessel was the stern, and this was exclusiveh
used (while it was necessary to keep up, the bul-
wark) as the {^gway. As it was over the stem
that we meant to trade, I had mounted there
two four-pound cannon ; and on the tafferel a
pair of blunderbusses on swivels, which were
also loaded. Soon after the discharge of our
cannon, several Indians came to us ; and before
dark some hundreds had arrived, who encamped
on the beach near which the vessel was anchor-
ed. As we observed them to be loaded with
sldns, we supposed that we were the first who
had arrived this season.
With a view to our own security, as well as
convenience, I directed my interpreter to explain
to the chiefs, and through them to the tribe,
that after dark no canoe would be allowed to
come near the vessel ; and that if I perceived
any one approaching, I should fire at it ; that
only three or four canoes must come l\ a time
to trade, and that they must always appear on-'
der the stern, avoiding the sides of the vessel.
With my own men I neglected no precaution to
make escape impossible, but at the imminesi
risk of life. While at anchor they were divided
into three watdies. One of these I took charge
of; and statioliiBg them in such parts of the
vessel that no movement coidd be made undis-
covered, obliged them to strike the gong every
half hour throughout the night, and to call out,
from each end of the vessel and amidships,
" All's well." This practice so amused the In-
dians, that they imitated it by striking a tin
kettle, and repeating the words as near as they
were able.
But a more hideous set of beings, in the form
of men and women, I had never before seen.
The fantastic manner in which many of the faces
of the men were painted, was probably intended
to give them a ferocious appearance ; and some
groups looked really as if they had escaped firom
the dominions of Satan himself. One had a
perpendicular line dividing the two sides of the
face; one side of which was jpainted red, the
other block ; with the hair daubed with grease
and red ochre, and filled with the white down
of birds. Another liad the face divided ^vith k
horizontal line in the middle, and pidnted 1 lade
#1
I"!
■
{■■
^ ', ' I
J'
H
rUt.Vt'lANli H VHVAnt-H
lli»'mi\i»»UltHi>u\|iviHj
\\^%\\\ ihi» iyhrtiiuiilyiw t\» \^\\i>'i\, \m \\m\ l>rt\«»
Vvv|y\K AM y^W'" Mrt>^^ H-t)»iiw> «\m>^ \\m^ %\\\
.,... u V
^VM^M '»»Mh» iV,\^\A\.- •Iiiw-t) wH.^ rtb> \*)U,*>yt.H
, ii\V. " . ■ "
1^W\^\\VVi\V. \\h^.-v>, \* U\>\l|ii oi'.-lll
'iW^^i '^ ^' ■■ ' ' '
U \Vl\* m\\<' S\yS\\\\\\o\\\y' \\i^ \^<\\\\\\ Allli't'. \\\M\
1TSM A \V»v^\ VV^^\ \\\Wf^ m«U M\\ \'^W\S *h>*w 1^
imm H\\x\ ; A\\\\ \ \;\\\S\S\\y\y\\ W M rt »\Srt\^i\AUIV
. y^'ftv \* vi*'^^ rt* ^t y^»*»-rt\\yo »UvV
'iVV Wl'in^A \^ MS \'<\\\v\\\ \S\M\S\tA h\ \M\ \^\.
#^S\^^\hW \^\^ i\sy \H\A\ i\\\\s\<i\\\. i\s v\v>
\^ V^Vl•M'?\^>\^^^ ^^^■'!^S\^tv^ ysv Ult^U lN\H WS W* rt^
W^l|k ^v^-j^v y\\y^\ \\^\o>\ '•Vyt^ ^S\ \)i'^Wr \ i\\\\S %\\\'\\
Vv^MW'iY*\W^V\ \^« tVA<^>\Sft', \\\rti \\v \\\ji\\^ \\r
^kh )^w\\kk)^ Vtl tVrt^ WxN\v iViAW nWN V\\^\»^\r<\
xy»«it^, m^nVry*. vVywviT' <ln1^^V»^ S\^t\\ \vrt\^.
*»tJ»>iM Vl^, wW fT*t^ iV>WV' 1^^* ^*i\\\ tv* i^vr
1Wlf*iyj>»f.W tHt, VtAA ^\ Wii^W N\Vrt>VM NN'iirS'lW
mhi, Httitttjit, rtitti Hillili.'H, lirttl. ctiMiti^,]
»rtUlh)» m^ «HfhH« HI \\\V |lt)M«, Id InMl, !
hH lltt* lli'rir ll»i||||»< I ll-lll Ijlllti til l»||,.!ll, I
Hlt'ltl, 111!- H>»)l( \x\\\\\A h lli'llllrlll lit til I.,
lilit>l\ <l lilillt'hill i»l ilill ililltM HU'I iilCHIt '^liU,
I'lllUlllttlUlhlVlllllllllltl llllt|4||l)l|fllllU|Mtl||h|lt|,::
liiimi'<*liillir iillittt Nlilh at lii>> li.ini. Itittiit'iitMi.i
lt|K-l tl.HtlllHli (U-llMltHltl>l«HlUlll|HUi\lt'l 1 1
i'.im^|«(tiH WtlOlilU It'll tetfill, tl<( llllUMlltllid f!
UllltMVt'lt* llllill'l lilh »rbltl, hlliHtttMl III IlilHl
ivrtiliitt mmit* lii'tifli^^iv imiiiti ItHiit* III |tii<i.K
ttllrti, illlliiHtl lojiHIti In III.' il|«(itiM.< (tr III,,
I'iilllitlill'!! Ail <>l lllt'OI' ll|l|lt>rtttMl. llnHtMtl '
It*' I'rtimltif i\l liililUtt .lilt' nl llii<.tii.»>>lir<i, t-tiM'
iii^ t\ii uihiiiim iilutiti ti U'lii (till ul|ii«t> Ki
ItlH ll.<UtU Hll-tl'Ml'li III Ml. ««l||lll!, ilH |lll)i|.
lili'llkiuilil rtHtl siUt'tl \\ \a liti< wi'illlji'l '
\y\\ ||U\ rtltil I'ljIIU iu« llrtili'tlhil lit lit* :,
llfiUII lh.> illhlHl ill l\|t' lilt!, lilMt UttlNti'll li
rt iiUlilsH, f(rtU' II il jlllw III Hiittin. itiiil I. .1(11.,
It!, Hllll UttlN
,^ , - III ttllttlll. Illltl I
11. I.I lift jlrtU'lll«, »li\tl Himi'!i>ri(Vn lie I'^i-ttt^iilM
j|ili')i*i'ii rtn.l nirti.^hii l|)i«j rtll Niinii m'(i\.'
l\»u|nW liU'.niit«iilHi»'h til M)ti rtH'ltlhlil, HK I •'
ii lUiil lllnv I'liiuUli'tt'i It. Ilih iiii)tit<i
\\\ lilt* tlllll'l-t bi'lll^ lull HHtlllhMHh.
*ll.
ttirtti III lUiil lllnv I'liiuUli'tt'ij It. Ilih iiii)tit<i'
tVlll* \\\ lilt* tlllll'l-t bi'lll^ lull HHtlllhMHh
\,»itM'fi'tl»)il rtj^iilii In lnH|lit'««i. ivlili'li «hV ..
.iiit'tt^il ilii«iii|jtiiniil ilit> liiii lit iiiiiiDitl «Miur<|
ii\>n
\U\|iitt»^lMwl, nil lilt' nil rtiiil mil, IlirtI IM
«ltn«' nl iMi« wrt* iit^mlv >*tlirtinlfil, ivt* Khluic
rtm-lini il\t« iii-xl in»\Hir»t|t, rtinl. |millti|t nit )t<
i.'Uiif Willi llit'ii)iH\t"^,>»ltit'U't| m rt llrtiinH' \.
^rtpiif III rtii •"rt^lt^iiv »lli».'t>llniiv Mil ivf H»Hvt'i|ii
ll^nl I'VU'iioliv* «niiii»|\ii\lrlt Vrtlit>n(t\t'» l(rtm<(illi
rllrtlllrtlir* SltrtlH. Nt'rtlly tl(H*rt«l(t< It* lj|»« \s\y
III* iiiln il^t* «n»ni>) !'• tl*** illlrtpr nl llnitiUhtiln'
\\\c \^y>c \\>(: llrtti IllM Urtllfil ivlllu rtllii licit' Ml
x-ms^ \\\ >:M\m\ Sl»l>»inl Wrtlllr'tt l«HHIl« Hrt'i ««j
\\\\\\ \\% ^livnv vvHv lin '♦Kliin III lii»» vlllrt^tHj \\\
\\\\^ \\\\-\\ \^\clr|i;^A'>«linin«viU hfOiHIIj HMHliiitJ
II \\r >'rt«n» ihWt rt)hv*i III ♦iilci' 11*11 lltiJUi lli'l
Av\\\\ llA\Y \lWlll\. \\y'^ \vt» |lllll|l>l) H lltn il
1\\\ll^|V^I »M»I l*lll|»IV y\tllH-lr '*klt tllll< it*Hln«[
HW MWI* WV«* llMllllt'll M> \\f\r> IvIIIk llrtVlnj,
11*^**11 Illftw-Hirtl \\\ \W liii^lrtii* IllttI ♦lif»i» ^^«j
«hl^ IW MtwI. VllN \w IV^llli>< \\s l«< litiii, tl«,lJ
^^|^x^llll\|il M\r MWiiitl. wv uttW liM iinl iiutii* lltttn
W\^ A\s\i\S\\ K\w\\\ \\%, ^\\\\\\ rtlVl «t* «r
Ivrt^-iWxl lv\ Tt^^MrtlM Ut^wrtli, t^l' %\\\\\ nilm.
U\^«^MI. \\ll»\ \\^\\ %\\\\\A WW \\sv t'tmul Ml It-mil
m^MNI^I \w\\\\'<' ll«v mitl \\llt<, ImvlllH llvt'll \»'L
M\«ay»a|\\\, WA* IH\« »« llW Wttv It* Ul»> *.m\A
\\iSl>< \\s \-\MiusU>lv l\l* \>i\ltt\«. i\i\»l Htvh In If*'/
lW «HVS»*. \w »l\*>«U\M\ni ll^rtl tvll VI"»«t'U \wA
^\\'\sm\ V*" t^W^M^i»'l\»^»l '(www IVwIoii I\m ii<
^'iXUkl llll* «V*»t\«
Wiw iIm» \in\mi\!*ll»Mi II wm *>tltU»«t, ♦Itiii'
\\^>HlW I'^'Xi^WW »*ll 0\IV I'l^Ml* \W \\\%'^WV(' \\\ i"<.
*H^*i^V» \M iht^k^*' *tU«iilt^v<Mi»H l*iflV»ii> \\w »^"«|
X.^HK^N^y !i^yM\^«i »>s<inv ili»*ii \hViv, Ky»r lllf '»
WiM» A^y Mil^\vlt[^iil\y v\iMiiln| \\s «WHv« tkll (n'*
I'M) lUtll) (•UMltiM
jtiliU, ill liiMJi :
il lllltt' Itt ttm-ltl, I
UCfllli'llf •»> tl.-l"
H IHH Mit'HI. ■ ' '
ilillhtMimMhltniMi.
Ih l)Hni. iKHtlhilliil,
t<illillllH«rt|l'». M
||,i ||i<!(lh«i« Itf 111.
ilO'rtwi. UlUVbVti '
il>h.m<it>Ut'<, »'^<M
l» l*lt|, \Al|tt-»h oil".
, «<(|t>t**, !>'' I'I'tM
^ M»f WHtllit'l '
, imi> »uiih|it'ii II
Mlttlll. llIlM l''l|l'"
it^Vit hi' i'^i'»'>'illi»!'''
I rtii -imtH H't'H\H
l)(> rti>i-|t)h»l, Hn I "
I \i. \\\^ rtiijtiH'.
iiH» UUtiH><h«rth. '
^Hji, Hl>ii"ll ^^tt" «"
1 itt miihml irtUiiM
llhrt^titttlli.MtrtMluj
l»iU»*<>"i^. ^^^ l^t'll*!''
rt«ii, j»rtlH>i)t nit Hi"
t I'll (111 rt Mrtit hW' |iiiij
»)4H Hll «»' KHHiMi
\rt«t'iii(U'« hBio-rtll'
HJUM^MIl' ll» >h»« 1)1"
llrtpt' nir Ui«»iUHrt'ii"j
li X'fMs I rt«il li>')i' "j
^ »« Ml>* vllU<»i*j Ihif
\\t» \mi^^ t» HiH I
'*Ki» M\^ (tt*Uhi»|
« \\»»^f Jvl«H \m\i
i^W «>>♦ »«>«♦* ♦l<«l'|
j«. «sl' i»l»l|^ WH»«.
ii(, l»«,V<«tt l»V»'« <''!
« x\ttv h« 0\»> "»i'ii'i
>, ^\\\\ \\m\ <»» l»~*l
h«th'« V»'«M>U «W*I
\v»^« *»V»»U'«^ «i«i'
H|ih»«\icrty« »<< I**
mitiintHf (• fhttN t'OiHifMHtloM, Ntttl nlll «t«
UHf t»<«!lH hi H(IM|l(»«f, H»ltl ilH»'|< »t»tll(, ♦♦Hit
.litltt tthlfh'H HlMiln 111 11(11(1 nill'h l)«T«« Ml)
lnlii>j» Ih IhiI|», Hdil «l(ifi*l((tt M(H(ii«»«lv»"« IH
Hhij Vh)i«Ml III llll< Ull'U lif I^KIIj' M«« IIik
|ll*«l nii»<((l4.
IH liiM(i)tli'ttT*" til' I'rtiilrtld M(»iii(((. «»• nftti
il»i||(i|r ttliii((tllii' ttt'ilt'di <ll(l)^^ iif ♦IiciikkkI
viili'lt «f iiIiImIiinI h)i|» ■<' Id"*. i(((f wi'i-»<
"li (i( jirt* Htoti' ftd ♦Id'di ♦!(«(( flit «((»
.Ml' Idllj lllldttld. I'ldn MHlId CilMII'IIHMIC*"
ill' lniiMtldjt nltiil r(t|il(ild Mttttfid Itml l(i'i'((
|, whli'li, w li(l)(Hjit'ii (»♦«, <fH« tnlt'»! rti
tHK I l;Hi) plvcd Uh diitt n^t] jdrtdCdCMl
jlli'll lii lllh t'lilitxM if Ihr nititi Im itiK ill'
linlllld Uii ttnllIU ll|l Kdll lilhTll llll< DMIIIIll,
litlh vittlitim lit((i|t|r!ii|ii((»i iilrtrtT"' illifcl-
. I'liitht' litildy |iiili(l wIli'H' we (fl«(i(r»«»-f(l
ih, ilttii ti<((iHldld|t dii li<((R»'f ll(i|() Ik (t((♦■-
Hllllll "iMlll Hit' dlUlM'l )ll(um.q^f(|. 0(1 !((»•
jUk iif lli« t.'Uli, liihlMK |ii(<i«ii'i| il|i lite
I IdUdcIt itf lllh <iiid(ll|, ni- ''itlKf III Udl'ltdl-
lUldnli ItdlNlfd idt'k. A «)irti'j' «(( liif ♦»(|i
) HH< •'(II'IiKihI will) M t'h'IrtiirJp.plKPt
I Mm Mtl»'ld«ilnU d-* K uwt litni'H'MlMf.
'tflu'tl \m\\\ jihiijili' dllMl((^ iiididl ttllhlrt
iid'dtr' I ttdil i«itiiM Hfli't' i'Midlii(t litHKi'iidr,
[l-itltiihi) »'H)(ih 1(11' (it (III, itiiii illiiiKilt lllfdl
kt> «m I'rtditf, nllli hihdlr (Ivf ttiiHliKu,
lii ^n» ^ntdifhli lid, itiiil well Kddt'il.
H lifCd Itill 11 ilditl I Idle dCK^ HO \)i'htt>
J)nd<< Id li»*t ttitvc It liddl oliiidf, iiiitl |tn«t-
l^^idili llif NJiitti', 111 I lie urtdif lldtf iIIn-
'\ \Mi idlddifU Id lld« lilt, mill iiivldx
piidv Mim Itt dlftlil. Mdl. iiK 11(1' tiild-r
Hlllt whli'll wh nt'M. Iinilldit illil Hdl
II diti rvldcf ntijr ffiif, I fiidlil iitil Ii(<||i
itljt •<)tdit< dlt-nlititi'di, Hdil Itii'ti'l'iirt' ddiilc
lind, ttdtl kfhl ftt'tir diiid t(d llif iilcrl.
|ly Idtif «d hddf li'ml t'liifdiftl nflci flii'
» Iffl di«, wlifK nf nitnld rniw lict I'tuit
Jliiiitttlfil Ity Iwi) iillit'M tif ci|dn| <iU««,
nil) Ht'll itinitdt'il Hdil BhdHl. 'MirH-
hi« ttdtli't itdi ilt'iM frmlldirt ndil»lit«li-
[Hdtl rnidful titwddi'f wnn frlilfdily tjp-
I illvi'tl itdi ttUt'dlldd JVttdi 11)011(1 wlili'li
tttidtililtitt. Hill n« Nidid nn Hi»ty nt-rp
Mil, w»<ii»<»lH't| lltcdi Ik I'litni' tin iicnrj'f,
|h i»f Itfldit lUi'il nl. ihi'v tlii'ti |idll«>(l
♦dwntiln ilif Mditf, WlllUl (liix wnn
hllft' iitif lldKdlnl, Id m<tllt(it n didnkfl.
at*Mly lifliln t'iitlil(ln»'iif |dintlt>i Ity hlni,
hnV «lt« nidi HCiticld'il lildi t'lidiKIi'inlily.
H' Hliiiiiii'd lid' lidllndK, «ldt. no If ('KM.
I liilfdilpil tdlfu'lili'f idt IIm'Ii imil, "nn-
[\[ m my*, nti llti-y Idiidfillnlcly Kci/(.|t
Hlctl Iht'lt iiidnki'lN III d». Wlli'ddit ((>.
lum IIKI'll'M «(!« Mil' l>!l||MI!«dtC, I Imvo-
} w\t.pA mill |d)ldli'il n lildd<ti>ilidiiN n(
IIiIIp, In M iiioiiK (II, (IcKijtr, pvi'i km IIic
In M( iit» iltit* witli till) hitiiikclcKcki'il nMit
itllt^t htit, lltiliiiiiili'ly, lldiM^ ttldi itiH.
Ii« puMitt nitnrteti iliciiiielvcs lu g«l viit
(it mt thHi'U, mi «(H ntmn Uiftfimd iUf dW>«<««#
Mwfcd »•(♦((«♦ «K ffuii min iiftfimf^M HH n itit
^t^ht {Mt hum ♦»ff^ « I(HI<'«Mh|, w^n/Im
Ik Hd'td li)e> <;«««*• of III" Hinm, ntiti lifvittftl
Kicdt lij Ifli \Ui'\t U\Htlin, ll(«f. If ||i(7 *tuutl
I'Ktdc K^jM (lif titHMi ntmnfOi fld/l wNlciK* «^(fm,
«»! «TKd((( iMti*" »r M|( «l(^f«, Id M(>r<iH|(/^/(^^ »f
ll(li iMrMttllKMi *Mr«Ml hMVChtt tiimttwilt tiUli
wlill*- M(»!f ♦♦♦•K! ttttft^it**'! Id lUnimliif^ ttt imit
fitto, wt- kVftI It iKKfcodf dfl^^ M(Mf fiituttithn. My
ll(c Bid of Kiit^ gldit «f tt^^»•<'l♦.r/J lli«f iht'f iflttti
jiiillldif litflf tiftdo Idf'i til'* ntmii hHtiim^ $ttii m-:
(inritldjt on tmuf ttK-d «i ♦>rt«'f( wkkI/I c«^^^<
WliCM wiMilM llBll* III*"/ w^-^*- fttidMod^d fo Hmn
itK MMtr^c ( idif ifify imnlnit'ii Id w/lrNd^-ld^, flM
({(♦•T finw H(fl( wf w^^^ lutUiUutt n Humtt iti
I {(fid. tliftf ♦fit'M ^•'fMf««'<l lf< (Itt? illtiff /Id// «|t-
|(t'«w) Id finvf (tldtd'|dd/«(| f|(««lf d^iltrt, ll(/td>jA/i
' td^ltlffttlilf (irtdNl Itddy d^ (Itftn kf|»t nu tUii
iliKff «lt^ffl'<t «f tit/" ♦fWJi d<'/'(iclKd«||jr ftfldif
ilirlt tdmkfU, »i)l iinf. 'tH¥ Htftnmiuui'f m
llit'lf ifrKftifM MKt l)t«lti| wHh fli<>rtt, nii/l aluo tftui
I'f lltflflittfldf vctf f/>w ttkldti. ii-uihii Ut t'hutititi
ii\i< Id lilt- liclTff, lltnl fItMf IdOdtlddi utt-tf /ffld-
t'ltltrvKdi. Mdt, wh«♦(•T^r d<«y littyt* l»^/•d fliH^
(lp«|)td( we jitiftcti ♦♦iMt ♦Id'tfi, «« wt" li«/l (Jwrrft
Willi Kllipt- irihen, m ftlftdlly tfrtdn.
Odlfif iMli, nlillf «lt>PHti||, «< WP ti(t|</t/r«/»/(,
fitr Ilif tlllfluc Kf .Mlt'fkfM, Wf pflfftt? a^'rttw ti
tiiMKc Mituft\uit Ik Ihtif tflliP, ttoui tthiMi ifii
(ililftldt'd dlffcllddti fof Addltig If ) Imt, ««t tht
witid wni llnlil, tidtl n Hitti'iii ngnit^ni nth ##
^Hf iidnldf Ik rcndi If hftati' nntk, nm nM"
tliKfcd fildKtf fwK mllf^ Kff. fiKfitiK Wit n\f^
♦ licih mm n CKdnlllfrflldP fnll df »tirttiV. ftt Imt
diKriilMji we wf Idld'd ttd/'liKt, nnd, ftlrttdt ifi Md^
nflcf, drK((((P»l If nttNld «ltfc««f, fht? vlKn^. ff«.
tfMtl titdid* cfltnf Klf, tittd iKJd m, In (h* ttmw
(if Ilif dny, dUfy ttkld*, tifvi-rnl NrfMCkd (*rf thAn
df fdf), HMtl flff»-i»u fsiln. On iMvlrtf fft« it
durk, llit-jf (irKtHMfd Ik rffdrd fli« fiMt nny wttli
fdtdf nldd*, Bdd itiKWivPf \tAA un, that H mif
♦vKdId retdnlii fltf nt dlt (\njn, nMt'tni trifdi
cldpfii MKiild nrrlvf wifh iUnit intmU<sn,nn A Mn§
|ilt>dly Kfuldd*.
l'M»"t|M-(tc(||y, uuf tif filM« VWy p^rAH^ pMa/II
nttlvcti Ilic n^tl ddv, In n mikkp (|rrifft M
lKd|t ii« (Kjf vPUDft, KMtt tirriflrriPdfPd tfclfh tlftitfe^
fnrvfd ftjtd^f Kf A wnfflKrttfi flift fnn^, lh« h«td
Kf ♦vhicli finn (lifrttdfpd wifli fp«l Unit, AfM
Willi H MiUfdtPKf erpn^f ntid rn\ t»/'lirf, «n4 i^Ni
♦vliilc (lond Kf IrlnU. tlipf Mff wm n rU|fiHi«til,
XKK(|.lKKl(ldj{ fKHK Kf nl(K(if frtffjr-flvp. Jitt tvna
iM'(KMi|indl»'(( liy fwpiity-fwK •dilffic yMingtntin,
♦♦Id) ii|i|ii'Hr(>«l Ik liniitllp tliHr |)iul<lkii wifh «
RtmcfdldcfiR niid (Ic^tcrlfy, nn mrith PXpHlfng
fill' tdflKH^t'iiiCdt Kf thp Krrilntiryr ( tinr»(!«, «• iin)
Kiirmiifn Kf n fiiHM.(rf-w«r'« hiifg« HdrpuM th6iM
tif ti tiicrciiiindnaii. riiln chM wnt upry r1«<flr0Tis
(k ( (iidt? (Ill hoaril ) Idit lo hiive Imlu'lftml him
would ImvA tiMA an iwiprtiHiint fixpfUMirft frf Iht)
iiiittlln«M of onf ttumWr*. t^ ifaen «xfrr«M«d i^
f
28
CLEVELAND 8 VOYAGES
f^^ik ^
viiA to have a cannon discharged ; and we rea-
dily fired two in immediate succession, which
appeared to astonish and gratify him, and on
the subject of which much conversation was
held with his men; but it was only partially
understood by my linguist, as expressing ad-
miration of the report. After this, the chief
stood up and made a speech, evincing his plea-
■ure, and at the same time handing up three fine
sldns as presents. An Indian's gift is under-
stood here, as elsewhere, to be made with the
expectation of a generous return ; and I gave to
the chief great-coats, cloth, knives, beads, and
Qiina-cash, to more than their value. He drank
half a tumbler cf wine with great relish, and
then blew into the air a quantity of the down
of birds in token of friendship. As they left us
to go ashore, they all began a song, whose wild-
ness was in perfect keeping with their appear-
ance, and to which they kept the most exact
time with their paddles.
The days of the 18th and 19th were rainy
and unpleasant. We continued at anchor, and
were visited by a number of Indians with skins ;
but they did not trade with much spirit. The
rainy, chilly weather seemed to have checked
their animation ; and they would sit, crouched
up in their canoes, looking at us for hours to-
gether, vrithout altering their position, while it
rained without cessation. At length we ob-
served a very old chief earnestly engaged to get
his canoe nearer to us ; as I supposed, t*- sell his
furs and be off. But not so ; his object was to
persuade me to cause the rain to cease ; and, as
an inducement, he assured me, they would
bring a great many skins. As there was no ap-
pearance of fair weather, I told him I could not
do so that day, but might possibly the next. It
happened that the next day was fair ; but I saw
nothing more of the chief.
We sailed from this place on perceiving that
we had exhausted their store of skins ; and in
passing to and fit) in the multitude of the ramifi-
cations of this extensive inland navigation, we
met many straggling canoes, and seldom any
one that had not some skins to dispose of. In
this way we had a great advantage over a large
vessel; and, by running into various creeks,
where, probably, no vessel had ever been before,
our collection of a few at a time amounted to a
very considerable number.
On the 1st of May we anchored near a place
favourable for replenishing our wood and water ;
and, while busily engaged in this business, one
of my Irish sailors, eluding the vigilance of the
officer who was vrith the party, made his escape.
Jli he was oi$axi island of no great extent, and
could procure nothing to subsist upon, there
was no doubt he would endeavour to get on
board the first canoe he might see. Therefore,
as soon as our business was accomplished, we
proceeded to the village, about four miles to
leeward, and immediately dispatched two canoes
dtcr him, promising a reward of a musket to
the one that should bring hinu The canoe; no
sooner calne in sight, than, having no suspicioi
that they ^vere in pursuit of him, he called tt
them, and one of them readily took him oi
board ; but instead of bringing him to us, pm
him ashore at their village. The next day, i
was evident that they had no intention of re-
turning him, as they made various excusa
such as, "he was too strong for them ;" "tki
women would not allow him to be sent «
board ;" and " he had gone away to a distai
place." It then became necessary, to conviog
them that I was in earnest ; and, ^hauling nr
cutter near to the village, I threatened tiiQ
destruction with my great gun if they delays
to bring off the man; and, firing a four-poiu
shot over them, it made such a cracking aino:
the trees, that they were too much frightened;
hesitate any longer. The man was brought o
board; and I paid the promised reward, chargii
the value to the account of the delinquent, ii
investigatiou It appeared, that he and anottn
lad had, some time past, determined on esca;
ing in our boat, but had never found an oppa
tunity. Had they succeeded, as we had oi
one boat, the loss of it would have been v -i
distressing to us.
For the several succeeding days we did i
anchor, but kept under way, and approaci;
the shore wherever there was a smoke, or whe
we had before met the natives. During tl
time we came across many canoes, some
which were looking for a vessel to trade wiiia
and of such stragglers we bought many skii;
Others reported that they had fallen in with n^
ships, to which they had disposed of all,
were then on their way to look for ma
Among them was an old chief, and a nuis^
of men and women of his tribe, whom we
membered to have seen at Norfolk Sound. H^
had now their faces blacked, and their hoiri
short, which, they told us, was in mouni-
for a friend that had lately been W.*.'
As we approached the nor^ ^ ^ part of I
sound, the wild-fowl became : <re abundsj
and scarce a day passed, that we did not
number of geese, turkeys, and ducks,
latter were so numerous, as often to darken i
horizon in the direction in which they rose ; i|
at one time I fired a canister of musket bi^
from a four-pounder at them, and killed!
Offish, also, particularly salmon and haliK
we had always an abundant supply, both cat J
ing them ourselves, aud procuring them '
the natives. But our potatoes were consu
and no vegetables could be had as a substitij
It was yet too early in the season for
berries ; and the natives had not reached
first point of civilisation, which is iudicated|
an attention to the cultivation of the earth.
The Indians, who had last left us, perceiij
we were going further north, advised us tol
on our guard against the Chilcat tribe, vi
village wc were approaching, and whom
AND COMMERCIAL EMTBRPRISES.
29
ented as being very numerous, very war*
a, and very mischieToos. On the 6th of May
[ arrived at the northern extremity of Chat-
I's Straits, near the Chilcat tribe; and,
ig a strong wind from the south, we found
}ur in a neighbouring cove, and came to
[>r within a cable's length of the shore,
(latitude 59** 30' north. Here, sheltered
. the violence of the south* wind, we lay in
Bth water; but, owing to the boisterous
of the weather outside, only two canoes
to us this day.
wind having subsided during the night,
succeeded by a calm. This being favour.
I for the canoes, they arrived in surprising
era. We had witnessed nothing to be
red with it since our arrival on the coast.
Bg in divisions of four or five each, by ten
ck twenty-six were assembled in the cove,
I of which were as long as my vessel, and
from twelve to twenty-eight persons
making an aggregate of about five hun<
sen, all well armed with muskets, spears,
ers. They were unaccompanied by their
and children, and had but few skins,
was a certain indication that their inten-
(were of a hostile character.
11 be perceived that our situation was
le of great danger. The calm continuing,
~ it impossible for us to retreat ; and it
Bvious, that if they attacked us with re>
[>n, their great superiority of numbers
. enable them to overwhelm us before the
9uld be reloaded, after the first discharge.
ly alternative, then, was to make the
eparation in our power for repelling an
and to sell our lives as dearly as possible ;
men were all convinced that death was
|y to be preferred to falling alive into the
of these barbarians. Accordingly, our
were all loaded with bags of musket
Our small arms, two muskets and two
for each man, were also loaded; and
kes placed at hand.
Indians passed most of the day in their
keeping at about a cable's length distant
our vessel, continually endeavouring to
ie us to let them approach, by the assur-
fof having a great many skins. Our own
at the same time, with lighted matches,
day at the guns, pointuig at them as
Itered their positions ; whil^ our linguist
'^ing to them not to advance, on pain of
action from the great guns. In this hostile
Ideeach party remained all day. In the
|loon we observed two large canoes to go
which, returning before night, we sup-
might have been sent for reinforcements.
vf had been a long and anxious one ; and
I night came, we were rejoiced to see them
fa. shore, haul up their canoes, and build
fires. They remained quiet during the
, excepting mocking OW' watch, as each
BUT was called oat. Qufy next morning, '
there sprang up a breeze from the northward,
when we got under weigh, and proceeded out
of the cove, the Indians begging us to remain
another day, and promising us a great many
skins. We had scarcely got into the broad part
of the sound, before we met two war canoes,
each containing twenty-six men, well armed,
who were on their way to join the others ; and
for whose arrival the attack had probably been
delayed. Of these I purchased four skins in
passing ; and they were exceedingly anxious we
should return and anchor again, assuring us of a
great many skins. On perceiving their persuac
sions to be of no avail, they showed evident de*
monstrations of great disappointment.
But I discovered afterwards, on falling in
with the EngUsh ship Cheerful, Captain Beck,
that they were instigated to attack us by a
greater stimulus than their cupidity, namely, a
desire for revenge. It appeared, from Captain
Beck's account, that his ship had run aground
on a sand bank near where iWe had anchored,
about a month before ; that, while carrying out
an anchor, the natives were seen approaching in
great numbers, and, he had no doubt, with
hostile intentions. He therefore called his men
on board, and prepared for resistance. As they
advanced towards him, he cautioned them to
come no nearer ; but disregarding the warning,
and still approachiig, he fired over them. Thu
not producing the desired effect of intimidating
them, he reluctantly fired among them, and
supposes he kiUed and wounded several, as there
were great cries heard, great confusion in the
fleet, and an instantaneous retreat. Captain
Beck had left Macao in September, but had
been little more than a month on the coast, and
had not met with good success. •
After leaving the Chilcat tribe, as above men-
tioned, we steered southward, till we reached
that branch of the sound which runs in an
easterly direction. It was deemed advisable to
sail up this branch, and round tliose islands
which are called by Vancouver, Admiralty,
Macartney's, and Duke of York's Islands, visit-
ing the several tribes who inhabit their shores,
and purchasing »\\ the furs they had collected.
For having at this time (19th of May) nearly
expended our articles of barter to great advan«
tage, it was requisite that we should make pre-
paration for leaving the coast, by getting a supply
of wood, and filling up our water-casks.
The next day, while steering to the westward
with this intention, and going at a rate of about
two knots, unsuspicious of danger, the vessel
suddenly struck a sunken ledge, and stopped.
Perceiving that she hung abi^^ihe midships,
and that there were three and a half fathoms
under the bows, we immediately run all the
guns forward, and carried out an anchor ahead ;
but the tide ebbed so rapidly, that our efforts to
heave her off were ineffectual. We therefore
heeled her on the side, whence she would be
less likely to roll over. At low water the p(wi-
ill
'Sfii
. w
SI) ri.ftVfttAwn*
tttttt rtf ttiR tMlel WMN finch an to iimiH ttiit f><«hti>
l^mwt'tttthM ttiitt dhf frtUM popNtii' HlltflM*. she
hiHtit hy rtJmut; ftiiif fr««t mH»tl*(il()<», linvitiR «Hil
<h«tit rt's mtH'h MM tltp Htr-k KN Hip Hdp ft'll, ntui
♦♦Hl«»ht \\\s wHh tlif Mitl Kf ♦ttr lmw<i|it If ii(»rtlt(«f
(he hof«»»tti. Met- hj-i-l HmttPil nti ntiulf ttf
fbrty-fltP ilrufpfn «Hlt (In* Mrttt-t- Htw, Mu' ftftri
H«IH >»r U hrliiR n-Mlil fitUlh-rM »i) finpiMt ffff
AhnVp the twh. TItl'i ittii»IHt»it. i'mihIiIuciI nl»tt
* trt»k hrl'ltrt KtrtHthrtMl, n-ittli'tnl IHiiiiiMniHilf
to ntftod 00 ilprk. We fhftrtViP |tnt n itiniiltfi-
0f hrnHfit tnil«l<»'(« liHo Ihp liiirtf. mitt |Hr|tnti'(l
ftot mU'h t-fsUtmu'*', In rni^p of Iti'lni? «f)iicl<ri|,
id \-m\A hr mmtr hy flftrptl lortt, chiwilnl hilit
i lll«»rpt« ft'Pt \m\\.
Om** nUdnHitM «rt< MOW OOP of <l(p om** imlitfiil
*M»|ptjt WW IPS'; Htrnt tl>p Itnttipillntp )mtn|iPrt ttf
tosttlto oOf Vp«»pI. nnti Hip tiph Prtt-no nphitti p»iI
IMpu wHh no toorh t'tH, \\\m from Hip n|i|iip-
h*«MoM of h\>\^\f^ «h««rovpfPil In fhls i|plViipp|p'»n
ilnf>« hy noiop oiip of fhp hontllp tillip«< liy nlilpli
¥ffi Wpfp !001iiom1»'il. A rniiop nf Hip Inipfpsf
«liiM, t^lth tlih ty «ni+lotn, wpII nrtopil. Iiiol lpff
«« ttot oiovp thno hnlf no hour IipOiip npstfiirk.
who ttp^'p oow |np|"Ofptl ft-oio upplnit ii« liy
hAvltin: imitspil t-ooiiiT no tKlntol. Rlionlil thp
1MM«»»1 hllg;»», thpi-p ptlufpil (iPrttpi»ly noy oHiPt-
«h*nr<i> (\ir thr |iip<pfvntlo« of out- IIvpV, fhnn
thewtpmvloos OOP of frtlllog In «ltli mnop uhlji.
Thut *\\p wonltl liUfjp thpip wn« no rp«!ion to
llttUht, If Hip wpnHiPV vuHpiI In niiy ilpttrpp ftom
thut ppi-lVpt pnhn «lilph tlipo jiipvnlltti. Mot-p
thAtt t*n homn wpip tm-^opil In tlil« nnoiilnlnpf
itAtp of nnmi»«n»p, wntiliinp; Hip hoilron to »IIh-
W^Xth- If n«y snvngpn wpip nji|ivonp|iln|^, thp
hthi\i»n«, If thpn» MpiT n pioiitl flint tol|rht
i^*npp to viifMp tlip snnioth (onfrtppof Hip wrttpf,
— th»» \T«pl, whoop oppMlonnI otupklnn uppiopiI
tt)\M»v«n«of ilpstinctlon t n»»l, whrn Hip tlilo
h^n to t!o\v, Inumtlpiitly olispi-vlng lt>« «|i|m-
tvntly nlopuWh nilvnopp, whilp I Involootniily
wnnnltpil my v«tph, tliplinotW of wIiIpIiuppoipiI
tsii h«\Tp i\^i^\ttpn to inovp. In thl« onliiOil In-
t*»'V*lk I lu>R<illp>1 noiop llttip ilmp, xvni'p <ipntptl
iiV th«> hi^Kt, hy trtkln(( n «Kptt>h of tlip linritt-il.
rtvw itlMfttlon of iny piittpv, nt low wntpv, ft'inlofr
th*t \\ Wight noon hp lipyood my power to give
MW^ «vWi»n<»p of \\<'\ »ml f\ue.
At kngth, the wrttpi- hnvlng rtowpil over the
r*oiiM\tnK« of the hntohen, whipli hml heen >'i\nlk.
t\ rtttWh In nntl<»lp«tlon of H>,l« event, withont
tny Iwiiientloo of \\\p XTnuers llOlnp;, I wnn tle-
Hw^mtlnfr on the propriety of putting i»w«y the
WMt, when we perrehTil \\w to he ri«in». She
wxsn nl^ipr righted «onineh, Hmt we ooiihl p\ on
hiVMn) ( ftw«\ »t h*lf p«»t twelve In the night we
h»<l th« inJe»»ril>«hle pleftsnre of seeing her
nHwftt *|*ln, without h«vlng reeelve«l niiv other
App!(ret\t h\j\try thnn the hwn of a l^w sheets of
eAMWr.
1\> t;he pertVH't tnilm, »«\»wth wnter, nnil nn-
^AMm«>n stt^ngth of the vessel, mny he uttrihnieil
ottr ^0(*i(it ^\\\ this tttily p«rih>us lituAtion, On
tiM t$tl> b«tMg in «<livoni«M« p)Mc«, Mtd when»
I VotAOfft
therK t»ffr«» tin iMrtlHutlfittd nf MUlltcii tn Hi*- h,
ntpillrtte tl^lnlly. tie 'ook thpoptioHnnlfy (oii,
♦ Hp tpsspl n<ilif)fp, 'I'lip Hfle hntitig left licf, ,
wrts pvlilpitt thnt thpfp w«« no itintprini luiim
riip l<pp| wrt« pMtHldfrnMr l(r)i<«lip«l, from k,
ptrppf of linvltig nlltl, nlillp on Hip rnpk. Pn,.
(hP tOllllP PilltiP, SPtprtll sliPpfM fif pf»|mpf wh
ioIIpiI lift, ntul « fpw fppl nf Hip shpnHilMR, m.
i|pr tlip PM|t|)pr, vpry mitph ItiMltPii, All iiir
wpip »-p|ihIipiI n<< wpII »o« oik- tiiiip umiI ihm..
ivoiilil pproilt t ntitl «t lilgli-wnfpt wp liimlcil
niMilii.
\Vp it)i<p<pil nooHipr wppk liipriiUliii? nlmnii
KoiiKil 1 litit pprpplvlog tlifit tlip nloi'k of H
onllvpi hi Hits tpmrfpr wnn m pxliiiiifitpil. h
wliPM ttp Prtliip itPmss n PNMop flipy lin<l !>iM'
liny skliii wlHi fliPiii, It ttnn ilpPiiiPtl pyptil"
to IpIIVP t'lllltlllinrtt Strnltl. Wp (IctPMinn
Hipipfoip, ♦() propppfl to Norfolk SomihI p!"
thptp |ilpk ii|i wliiit we poitlil liy Inylo)? n il n
two, niid tliPO go to t'hnrloHp's lnlfliiil<<, f
vioiis tn tiikliig It llnni fnrewpll of ttip i«-
VVlth tliN liitpotloti WP ntppfpil wpstwtird.
riving ill Hip lirimil pnrt of tlipnoiuitl, the en -
of wnh'h Is north nnti south, nhd hnvlnit
wind ft-oni the sniithwnrd, wp poiiIiI innkp
llttin progrpsi^ on onr wny. In the nftpm
the sonth wind Inprenspil gipntly, nnd vm\
siieh « spit Bs liittprty we lind heen eiitliely
nppiistompil to. As niiiph fntlgiip nnd soinp
would lip Inporrpd liy nttpin|iting tn pns-t
night In tncklng to nnd fro In tlip sniind, irid
nni n piissllillity, while the wind wns so hf
nnd tlip spn so rough, of ndvnnplng At nil oni
wnv, It lipcnnie very deslrnhle t»» ffntl n hnrlMij
nml n lltHp lipfore snnspt, heing npnrthepii'ij
sidp of the sound, wp perpplved nn o|ifMi
of nhtnit n fourth of n mile, hetwpen two |iri|
pitoiis hills, eloHied from the hottoni to n
summits wlHi pine. The hllli on phpIi ship fnij
Ing thp entrnnce Were so dpplslvely Indlciiij
of siithplpitf depth of tvntpr, thnli we rnn Imlj
In, wlHioiit tnking the precnutiott nf flrst spmlj
Hie liont to rpponnoitrp. We wpip ItnniPillBl
heprtlmed on pnssing the entrniipe, nnd, wi
onr sweeps, roWpil tint n third of n iiiIIp 'w'
we wei-e in perfeetly smooth wntpr. Th«j
nnge hnving heeonie imrrnwer ns wn tiM
vnneed in it, rendereil nnehorlng iionei'ei
nnd we kept the vessel snsiiPiided liplweenl
two shores, hy rtipes ninde rnst In Hie trees. '
(hir tiositiiiii wns tpilte romnntlt*. The tM
wondeii hills on elihMt ilde seemed nlnion'J
nnite nt the top \ the^nrk gloom overlinit^
nil nnnindt the silende nnd trAnnnlllily \flij
hnd 10 Instnntnneotisly sneeeeiipil Hio
nnd tuHinlenee of the « sen witlinnt, hihI
piimfort And seenrity fOr the night of wliiilij
hnd n prospept, nil pomhiiipd to prodiipp **i
tionii of A most ploAslng uhnrnuter. While i"j
ing on the neenery nlnnit ns, nnd while it <
vet twilight, t perceived a moveineiit in '
iniBhes, AMtl in a moment a Urge henr iiisil*|
AptteArtnct, probAbljr AttrActeti by the «c
/(Nn N)MMNHCl/l
ItrMi'l. \* (lir tttijfiH nt kWWtt/i .lim did ntii
Ir Iti ftic ♦'» Mmt|»««M«»' ih*- Hdk "f thf
*p», I rcfiiiffl prritiii^loti Ifi ffiy iwu in
[isli'itc f(ir Mint |iilf|to»«' ) l»ti(, rh lif
I'll (lixiio^cil f(i ri'itinlii nui\ iiifllo- nut »«•-
Ifnmc, I tntKcd n ftmr ponrulfr <»» \>i' »l(«-
JmI it( liliii. Tlu' |iIm'»« vrn^ r-IPTfitJ-d t»(o
fl tlif •irill wfnf »iv»T Mm, miikifiR n «»«•«>
Hitir ittiioiin *'"' '"""'""'< "Mil fll^ rfviT-
^ItiM of (III- ri'|i»ift wrtM lotin fiMil liMiil. Ml"
Unf wmK fur n "P'oiitl, Imf ni'nm|n>r«'il off
♦ III- liiti(hf*, mill wi- «nw hliii mi iiinri'.
<viiiil lirtvliim riiMii- iiiimil fi» ihf iiiiffli-
Irnril iltirlng Hii- mIbIiI, w fiii* out fnrly In
miriiliiR iif tliJ" .'Wlfh, mill ^♦l•^riflK ^mitli-
lii'fiiti' iilptlil wf« Imii mi iiiiliiKiMilril ni-fmi
III iiiir vIpw. 'tliH IHIIi* viirlnfliiii Jn tli»«
%ti<t i|iiiti' nftri'PnMf, ni wi- linil turn lipi'ii
Sdiitlii iiiivl|rii))iiK iiilniiil, nllliiiiit liHviit|( n
|of III!' iii-nmi, mill Imviiin lii-i'ii «♦ nil fliiiPs
IHili-il Willi liiftv riiiiiirilniiii wliii*i(> iiiiil«>ii
nn lm|ii'iii>»rnlili' fori'il of pliin wnml,
Itttnf mmifiilln (ill III*' nurlli) nrr, mo^t nf
If, »'ll»»«U'(l Willi ll'f« mill SIIMtT.
[♦Ill- flrnt iif jitiii', ntiprimclilni; Niirfiilk
n *lii|i wns iii'ici'lvi'il K"i"K ••• Mnre un,
jiriivpil III Iif till" llmiriifk, «if llit^tiirt,
Oiii'lipr, wliii linil nrrlvril iin Oir cimni
\n wp ilrpw iipnr fo Iiit nftf»r hIip liml
»l, n I'ltinlilnrnlili' liimfli' wii«i fifn'rivpil
I, m If llipy wi'rn |ii'r|inrlii(( for ilpfi-iirp)
t wnn Hflrrwnrd* mnii^i-il lo fliiil, nroiift
jliir Kii<i|))i>liMiK mill iiiiciiiilli n|i|ir>nrmi(*e.
Iti! mire, WM rnflwr iiiiii^iinl, friim the
(mii'p iif (Mir licnnlfi, nt Mih lime, heing
flvp liicticN loii|t } nn, linrliiK foiitid tttfl
)ii of nlinvliiK lo lio fliftli'iili, vthcta tlm
of Hip vpsunl vinn so nrpnt. I Imd rii'f?-
Jt siiicp IpDviiift (;itlm», mill tnjr offlcprN
linil fi'llowpil my eitmnplp i no thnt It
nilmlttpit, wpiliii (irpAPiit nn nfippnrmipn
|irppn«KPRfiinK, Hmt It wmi vprjr pxpiinp.
penple i^liom we Kpprniiplieii l« he on
liirtl.
illnwlnn (Iny nrrivp(l« atid miphored iienr
Ihip IMnpntih.of Ho»l«ii, Onptnlii Hrepk,
«n will ns lite other PMp, lind itrrivpil on
Mt rntlipr ton lute Ut ensnrp RncpeNMftii
tlip present M'UMin. While three venseln
|nK ti)|;elher here, It vim nmniiinK In nh-
ke nilroitneM nnil rnnninv ^X" whleh
Iriik ilerivpil all po««llilp mlvmilnj^e from
ipelUlitn. They huj hucpppiIpiI In mining
Ice of their skini nfniljth, thut there wnitn
Ity, Mt Inst, nf our enterlnv Intn an agree,
hespecling the prieo to he given, t»hlrh
^o have heen made at first, m nol less
tn profit than to diapatch.
>ngli nearly a week waa passed here, vet
lives showed ao little earnestneis to dis>
their fura, thtt very few were purehaaed
I day hefore our departure, anfl when they
Vcn ample time to aatiafy themaelvea they
'ktaiiiinf the htgheit price. IIm trboU
I, p.ntnnpntHpn fl
nnmher nf skins pnrehiwe^l dnrlnt iWs Hme^ f»f
the three ves«iels, did nnt eteeew tngMher mwi
fhun two hnndred utid fiffy. nnd ttn theae ir«
p«ld more tlinn fwifp s^ miK-h h<s for th<j<ie whieh
wpre olilNiiipd hTfori my nrrivsl.
lipflving thin pIfiM' on fhe 7lh, nrtd pnrsmnf m
eoiir«r to the oontliwnril, we fell In, n week
afler, with Ihe nhip llyoipfi, of Monfon, (',npi*in
f/nmii, This ship lind nrrifrd r^i Hie eonst «
month hefore ns ; hut tlic •iieeess whii-h ought
to hnve resnlled frntn «'i enrly nn nrrivnl, WM
ilefenfed hy n mnllny of long nriil ruinous <hifa-
Hon. riiiis It flpp^(lr•l Hint no less Ihnn Ihfe*
ships had arrived on the eonst hefore iis, and
Hint to nei'ident, not If«s Hmii to industry and
periieveranee, were we indchte'l for our great
sneeess.
A hmg eonliniied southerly wind so retarded
our pnsinge to ClmrloHe's Islands, that we flld
not reneh the Rkiftlgates, (the Inrgest tr}l»e ttt
these islnnih,) HII Hte 20Ht, having fonnd H tU%
visnlile to mnke n Imrfionr on the way, where we
Iny Hiree ihiys, snd were screened from the
etleits of n soiiHi ensf gnle. In the meantime^
our men were employed in replenishing ewf
stork of wood mid wnter. When near tn lh*»
SMtligntes, it heing enim and the eirrrent rort-
ning out, we anchored ahont two miles nfrrth flf
their villfigp. As this was a numerous ntitl wat*
like trihe, whose intereonrse with foreigners had
heen great, and to whfise hostility and treachery
some of them had fsllen vietims, there wae a
necessity for the ohscrvance «if nil that vlgilanee
nn our part, to grnird against surprise, whieh W«
had heen In the prni-tice uf ohsej'ving. On* of
this IrIhe, In fn-der lo decoy men ashore, e/rvere«i
hhnself In a fienr's skin, nnd cnme out frf the
hnrder of the woods, on all-fours, ahreaat the
ship, while a party lay in nmhnsh ready tn Are
nn those who should einne in pnrsnit. Th«
stratngem woiihl have sneeeeiled, had ntri one
of the natives heen too earnest to erirne forward^
so as to he discovered In time for the Iwat to re*
treat, hefore any mischief had ocrorred.
Roon after anchnring, a eanoe eame to ns« from
which we procured three skins. The Indiana
in this canoe assured iis Hmt there were plenty
of skins at the village, and manifested a deeirff
that we shnnid go there. In the morning of
the '2 1 at, several eanoea came to ns with aoma
of the inferior ehiefa, They were vi-tf nrMnl
in their entreatiea fnr na to go np to the villaM^
alleging that it waa afi far Uir them Ut eome, thai
many would he deterred try it from liringing their
skins. Their aolieitatlons, however, were itt no
avail, as I had no doiiht, that those who had
akina to dispose of wmild not he prevente<l from
eoming to ns hy the distance, and that we ahouki
avoid the visits of the misehievons and Idle, by
remaining at our present anchwage. Ily nine
o'clock, we had many canoes assemhled alKmt
lis I hut they appeared to lie so indifferent abom
trading, that it waa paat noon hefore they bayaaf
yet, itMh waa their alacrity when they did b«ffai»
w
83
that by dark they had told nt npivarda ot otw
hondred ildn8,aiid one hundred and thirty tailv.
The racceeding day was squally klj unpleasant,
and we had a smaller number of the natives
about us. We purchased, however, eighty-five
skins, and as many tails. Towards evening a
canoe came to us, with the son of the chief of
the Skittigates on board, who told us, that, if
we would remain another day, his father would
come to us, and bring a great many skins. In
the night, which was perfectly calm, we heard
frequent and wild bowlings at the village, and
occasionally the report of a musket.
The morning of the 23rd was calm, and a fa-
vourable current for the Indians to come to us ;
bat, having waited till near noon without seeing
a single canoe moving, we were at a loss to con-
jecture the reason, more especially after the pro-
mise of the king's son, last evening. In case,
however, of there being many skins, as they pro-
mised, we had not the means of purchasing
them, our articles of barter being nearly ex-
pended. It was therefore judged best not to
wait to ascertain the cause of such extraordinary
conduct ; and, having a light breeze from the
south, we put out Tvith the intention of going
over to the Coneyawo,
The next day, when about two leagues south of
Point Rose, the breeze not being sufficient to
enable us to stem the current, we came to an-
chor. Soon afterwards, two large canoes came
to us, in one of which was a young good-looking
warrior, the son-in-law of Coneyaw, who is
head chief of the T>tantes tribe, and who, with
other warriors, had come over on a hostile expe-
dition against Cummashaw's tribe. Being so
nearly on the point of leaving the coast, and
therefore fearing no bad consequences from an
exposure of our weakness, I acceded to the
earnest solicitations of the young warrior to come
on board. This was the only one of the natives
whom we admitted on board since being on the
coast. We invited him into the cabin, and gave
him a glass of wine, which pleased him so much,
that he soon asked for another. Having made
me a present of a very fine skin, I made a return
of a shirt, jacket, and pantaloons, which he im-
mediately put on, and appeared to be well satis-
fied with the figure he made, and much pleased
with the dress. But the friendly feelings I had
inspired suffered a momentary interruption, by
my careless and apparently rude manner of giv-
ing him a handkerchief. Being on the opposite
side of the cabin from that on which I was
sitting, I threw it into his lap, when, instead of
taking, he allowed it to roll down on the floor,
his feelings so much wounded that he actually
shed tears; nor was it without considerable
effort, that we persuaded him that no insult was
intended, by assuring him that it arose from my
ignorance of the etiquette which custom had
established among them. This little interrup-
tion to our harmony was of short duration, the
party aggrieved being satisfied with my apology |
■CLBTEI.ANDa VOYAGES
and having parchased of him and his comnji ^
about sixty skins, we parted with mutual goQ^^
will and friendship.
It was now time to make the necessary p^
paration for leaving the coast, by filling up o; ;
water-casks, and procuring sufficient wood ft ;
the passage to China. With this intention »
directed our course for Tatiskee-cove, wlie^i
having anchored, we set about cutting woti
with idl diligence, and also procuring our sup|»|
of water. This work being accomplished, <
were ready for our departure on the 26th ; Ik~
the wind was from the south, and the weatln
rainy and boisterous. It was therefore decid
advantageous for us to lie quietly in the sdi.
port where we were anchored, and wait for,
fair wind and the return of good weather befo^
putting to sea.
The wind having changed to the westv
during the night, on the morning of the 27th|
June we weighed anchor for the last time \
the coast, and put to sea, intending to reo
noitre North Island before bidding farewell toij
coast. But, owing to a contrary current, it \
late in the afternoon before we pasred
southern point of Kiganny, previous to A
we were boarded by the celebrated chief Kok
man whose intelligence and honest demean
recommended him to all who had any dea
with him. He had always been in the habhj
coming on board the cutter on her former \
ages, and had never failed to receive the ml
generous and friendly treatment from Capi
Lay, her former master, whom he WM xaf
disappointed in not finding on board. For i
few skins he had we paid him liberally ; andi
left us much satisfied.
The following day, at noon, we had ar
opposite and near to the village on North j
land. A number of canoes soon came of
one of which was the chief Coneyaw,
another Eltargee. The latter had, in a ye
two ago, accidentally, it was said, caused j
death of a Captain Newberry, by the disch
of a pistol, which he did not know was lo
His looks, however, were so much against 1
and, in the short intercourse we had with I
his actions and manner so corresponded
his looks, that I should require the clearest j
dence to be satisfied that the disaster was piq
the effect of accident.
CHAPTER VII.
Departure from the American coast. — PasMge lej
Sandwich Islandi.— Island of Owhybee,-
ply of provisions.— Conduct of the nalifi
Their chtraeterisiics.— Compensation for |
fktigue.— -Pass Tinlan at night.—- The
Lema.— Anchor in the Typa. — ImporlMti
—Reflections.— Passage to Wampoa. — ArriH
Canton.— Disposal of the caTgo.— Sals
AND
r.>-tner«n* of fntm».^Bmmam^ §m pn-
ins to Indl«.--Sdto for CaleutUi.— E«»po
I Malay pirates.— -ArriTal at Malacca.— Paw
Pinang Another fortauate oMape. — Ar-
at Calcutta.
_ chased the few skins offered me, amounts
thirty-two, while under sail; and now,
no other object to detain us longer on
st, we, at 4 p.m., bade farewell to the
., With a fine breeze from west-north-
i steered to the south-west, not less happy
Successful accomplishment of my object,
■ the reflection of its having been attained
at injury to the natives, or other than the
'kiendly interchange of commodities with
Indeed, now that I was fairly at sea, and
the chance of those casualties to which
long been subjectedt the relief from
f, the comparative feeling of security, the
ion arising iirom a thorough performaiice
, and from the independence to which it
instance, can be more easily imagined
ibed. Nor was this pleasure in any
diminished by the task, which yet re-
I of proceeding to China ; as this was a
I for the most part, through tb« trade-
rhere the weather was fine and the sea
and where, consequently, one great
[the dissatisfaction of my men would be
Ig our pass^e to the Sandwich Islands
ent occurred to vary the monotony of
We had none other than a fair
ideed, the gales were so propitious, that
sight uf Owhyhee the twentieth day
ig our departure from the coast of
At three p.m. of the 19th of July,
-capped summit of that island was seen
! clouds, at a distance of at least twenty-
off, and bearing south-west by west.
tin boldly for the shore all night, we
fdawn, within about a mile of it, and saw
lutiful runs of water falling in cas-
er perpendicular precipices into the sea.
eived also a mustering among the na-
) come off to us. The sea, however, was
I, that only two or three attempted it,
ing bought of these a few melons and
we proceeded to leeward, towards
Bay, in the hope of finding smoother
^This was discovered as soon as we
i round Kohollow Point, when a multi-
f canoes came off to us, bringing a great
hogs, potatoes, taro, cabbages, water
sk melons, sugar-cane, &c.
Imitted a chief on board, who, while he
natives in order, and guarde<il ns against
many on board at a time, served us
. broker, and very much facilitated our
He remained on board all night, and
lually serviceable to us the next day,
»y noon, having a sufficient supply of
ing which the island afforded, we dis-
3
COMMERCIAL HfTimPRlSES. 3^
missed our broker with ntisfiKtorymcacBts, and
pursued oar course to the westward.
The very limited intercourse wc had with the
natives of this island was hardly sufficient to
enable va to form a correct jud|pnent of thoir
general character. The contrast which tMr
cleanliness forms writh the filthy appearanon of
the natives of the North-west Coast, will not
fail to attract the attention of the most nnob-
serving. Nor have they less advantage over
their North-west neighbours in the size, shape,
and graeefdlneta of their persons, and in the
open, laughing, generous, and animated expres-
sion of their countenances. The characteristic!
of these islanders are activity, gaiety, volatility,
and irritability; those of the North-west In-
dians, heaviness, melancholy, austerity, ferocity,
and treachery. They are, perhaps, in each case,
such as would naturally be inferred to be the
effect of climate operating on the materials of
rude and savage characters.
The expertness of these islanders in the art
of swimming has been remarked by the earliest
navigators ; and Meares mentions some divers,
who, in attempting to recover an anchor he had
lost, remained under water during the space of
five minutes. Whether there are any such at
the present day is very doubtful ; although it
must be confessed, I saw no evidence that would
induce the belief of their talent being in any de-
gree diminished.
On the 21st we saw the island Mowee, bear-
ing north by east, about twelves leagues distani.
Our course to the westward was attended with
the weather which is usual in the trade-winds,
in general fine, though sometimes interrupted
by a squall, which serves to rouse the sailor
from the inactivity which a long course of such
weather is apt to produce. With a moderate
and even sea rolling after, and helping us on ouc
course, and vrith a great abundance and variety
of such products of the vegetable world u we
had long been destitute of, we were living so
luxuriously, and sailing along so much at our
ease, so entirely free from anything like laboor
or fatigue, that our men appeared to consider it
as an ample compensation for the fatigue and
exposure of the first part of the voyage.
On the 15th of August, 1799, we passed be-
tween the islands Aguigan and Tiniau^ and very
near to the latter; but, as it was after dark
when we were nearest it, we had not an oppor-
tunity of seeing those beauties, which are so
pleasingly described by the narrator of Lord
Anson's voyage, as well as by more recent na-
vigators. In our passage between these and the
Buhi Islands, we had so great a portion of
westerly winds, that we did not reach the latter
till the 8th of September, having, during that
period, experienced much rainy, squally, and
disagreeable weather. We passed the Bashi
Islands in the night, with a moderate breeze
from eaat-south-eest ; and the following night
we were among tide-rips, which caused such •
94
CLfcVCLANDS VOYAGES rfA
fiNur, and so grot an agitation of the water, as
to resemble breakers.
On the 13th, we saw the east end of the
Grand Lcma, and, at three o'clock next morn-
ing, sailed between its western end and the is-
land next to it; and passing the island of Lantao
at' dawn, we came to anchor in the Typa at
eleven o'clock a.m. I immediately went ashore
and made report to '!he Governor, engaged a
pilot to come on board in the morning, and
spent an hour with an American resident super-
cargo, who gave me much European and other
news.
Rrom this gentleman I learned, that the ship
Ontario, with her cargo, had been totally lost a
few days after leaving Canton for New York.
This was the ship in which I had been so eager
to embark. I had come very near having my
desire gratified, and had been severely disap-
pointed when I found that the place I wished
was filled by another. If I had succeeded, ruin
must have been the consequence. My emotions
on hearing this news were of a mingled cha-
racter ; while I mourned over the fate of a wor-
thy friend, I was filled with gratitude at my
oV^n escape, and my present prosperity; the
feelings of discontent in which I had sometimes
indulged were rebuked ; I was taught to bear
disappointments with patience and resignation,
as we cannot foresee the good which may re-
sult from them ; and I was inspired with that
Confidence in a superintending Providence which
aJBfords repose to the spirit under all the trials of
life.
In conformity with his engagement, the pilot
came on board in the morning as soon as the
tide served, when, having weighed anchor, we
beat out of \he Typa and passed Macao roads
with a moderate breeze at south-east, which
continued so light throughout the day, that we
did not reach Anson's Bay till nearly midnight.
Here we anchored till the tide became favour-
..able, when, proceeding to Wampoa, we arrived
there, and anchored above the fleet in the night
of the 15th.
Having the next day taken a boat for Canton,
I accept^ the hospitality of one of my coun-
trymen till I could procure a factory. In the
mean time, 1 gave letters to several China mer-
chants, directed to my officer on board, to per-
mit the bearers of them to examine the cargo.
I engaged the factory No. 1, Nuequas Hong, and
as soon as it was furnished, moved into it. On
the 25th of September, having had various of-
fers for the cargo, and the best being that of
Nuequa, I contracted with him for it at the rate
of twenty-three dollars a skin, cash ; or twenty-
six dolltfs to be paid in produce, or any propor-
tion at these rates.
This contract being made, and the payment to
be prompt on delivery of the cargo, it became
necessary to determine, without delay, what
course it was most advisable to pursue next.
Hub cutter, independently of the objection of
site , being a foreign bottom, could not take]
cargo to the United States without being a
jeeted to the payment of such increased duti
as would be equal to the amount of the freiil
of an American bottom. To returi again toi
North-west coast offered a prospect as promisy
as any plan which presented itself to my miij
and could I have obtained an orderly crq
might have been the most advisable. Butl
undertake another voyage with a crew comp.
of such men as I had (and none beside desen
from other ships could be procured) was lid
better than living for such time with a knifc]
my throat, which, at any unguarded mon
might be i"ade to close the scene. The sg
size of the vessel was another important i
jection ; as, besides the privations insepan
from navigating in it, there was an incre
danger from the hostility of the savages,
as^ in consequence, a greater number of i
was required than could be well lodged and|i
visioned for so long a time, this tended to (
among them dissatisfaction, sullenness,
finally mutiny. Besides this, my inclinatioi|
such uncommon exposure and fatigue, wati
minished in proportion to the recent increai
my fortune.
From these considerations, and not enti
uninfiuenced by a desire of visiting the
of British India, I made an arrangement toi
effect, by disposing of the cutter to
Berry, Esq., and a cargo of teas and other i
cles of his selection, to the amount of
thousand dollars; for which I took a re
dentia bond, with a premium about equal toi
risk, and interest, payable three months
my arrival at Calcutta. In addition to tli
took with me gold bars to the amount of i
thousand dollars.
In the mean time, while coming to this i
sion, my cargo had been transported to Ca
and delivered to the purchaser; my ere
been paid off, and a new one shipped off
than half the numbers of the former vo
The cutter again became the Dragon ; hd
English colours, and had an English masta]
pointed to her, because by our treaty vrithf
Britain it was not permitted us to bri4
cargo from China to Calcutta in an Ame
vessel.
The cargo for account of Mr. B. having I
shipped, and having made an agreement <
him to ship to my friends in the United Sti
as opportunities for freighting offered, tb
mainder of the proceeds of my cargo of fia
proceeded to Wampoa on the 20th Od
1799; where, finding all things ready,
barked as passenger, and the next day weifj
anchor and run down between first and
bar, where we received our sea stock froml
Hoppoo man ; and when the tide made inj
favour, took advantage of it as far as
Bay, where, arriving at dark, and haviit
pearances of bad weather, we came to ana
,AND COMMERCIAL ^NTeRPRISES
n
•A% the latter part of the night the wind
ne more easterly, and increased with rain ;
It dayliglit it blew with a degree 6f violence
an'ioiiiUed to a Typhon, and which it
nl u if nothing but the hills were capable
listing. Here our good fortune was again
fest; tor if we had lieen ready only twelve
sooner, we must hare encountered this
In ft position that would have rendered our
of escaping shipwreck very small. As it
^while riding in a smooth bay, the wind
Ig o(T the shore, from which wc lay not
pthan a cable's length, we parted our cable,
jught up with our best bower, with which
Je out the gale in safety. The 23rd, the
^Iwted, but it continued all day very rainy,
/, disagreeable weather ; we therefore lay
ehor, and employed some Chinamen to
anchor from which the cable had parted,
ch they succeeded without much difficulty,
|t it to us, and received their reward. Ttie
cnerally south-east.
Ifiext day the wind was light and baffling;
the night came round to the northward,
lear weather ; and on the 25th we passed
I roads, where we saw two large English
|0ne of which had lost all her topmasts,
ess in the late gale. We passed near to, and
|the ship Eliza, Rowan, who had been to
inish coast since we had seen him. With
Ig breeze from east-north-east, we steered
I southwest, and, at dawning of the 28th,
near to the China coast, ba\ing passed iu
>f Pulo Campella. In the course of the
ing night, we passed near to Pulo Canton,
lien steered south-south-east. The coast
sight most of the day, and a strong cur-
our favour, as was manifest from the
stance of making one hundred and ninety-
ailes difference of latitude. We saw the
nd abreast Pulo Cecir, on the 31st, and
Island Pulo Cecir de Mar, and, at the
Ime, were on the bank of Holland, appar-
no very deep water. The next day we
evented seeing Pulo Condor by reason of
atmosphere.
[the 3rd day of November the weather was
)ually, and wind variable. In the night
several timea in thirty and thirty-five
ns, and, at dawning, saw Pulo Timoan.
^tered the straits between Point Romania
iedra Blanca on the 5th; after which
west by south for St. John's Island, and,
^g passed it, we took the wind from west-
-west, and beat through the narrows be-
the Rabbit and Coney and Red Island.
ontinued to work to the westward, with the
[for the most part from that quarter, and oc-
)al\j anchuring when the current was against
liile at anchor, close in with the shore, be-
Mount Formosa and Mount Moora, we
fleet of eleven Malay proas pass by to the
ird, firom whoso view we supposed our-
8
selves to have been screened liy the trees ud
bushes near to which we were lying. On Mr-
ceivlng so great a number of lai^ proas sailing
together, we had scarcely a doubt of their iMing
pirates, and therefore immediately loaded oar
guns and prepared for defence; though con-
scious that the fearful odds in numlters between
our crew of ten men and theirs, which prolMbly
exceeded a hundred to each vessel, left us scarce
a ray., of hope of successful resistance. We
tratched their progress, therefore, with that in-
teb^ interest which men may naturally be sup-
posed to feel, whose fortune, liberty, and life,
were dependent on the mere chance of their
passing by without seeing us. To our great joy,
they did so ; and when the sails of the last of
the fleet were no longer discernible from deck,
and we realised the certainty of escape, our
feelings of relief were in proportion to the dan-
ger which had threatened us.
Arriving at Malacca on the 11th, the curiosity
of the people was greatly excited to know how
we had escaped the fleet of pirates which had
been seen from the town ; as the strait to the
eastward is so narrow that it appeared to thent
to be impossible for us to pass without seeing
each other; and when informed of our being
screened by the trees from their sight, they
offered us their hearty and reiterated congrata-
lations
Having the next day filled up our water-caskf,
and laid in a supply of vegetables and fruit att^
ficient for our consumption till our arrival at Cal-
cutta, we should without further delay have pro-
ceeded on our voyage, had the prospect been
favourable ; but the westerly winds continued to
blow with such violence for several days ioime-
diately succeeding our arrival, that it wis evi-
dently the part of wisdom to lay at anchor til!
their force bad abated, which was not the case
till the 14th, when there was less wind through-
out the day. In the evening the land breeze caaao
off strong, and, being all ready tojtdce advantaige
of it, we weighed anchor, made sail, and stem
to the westward on a wind all night; and, at
dawning, tacked to the northward and came in
with the land about three miles east of Cape
Ricardo.
The town of Malacca is situated in a level
qountry near the sea, and is defended by worka
built on a rocky foundation, and of great hd|^t.
It was taken from the Portuguese by the Ihltch
in 1640, and remained in their possession tiU
taken from them in the late war by the English,
w ho held it at the time I was there. Its inhabi-
tants are composed of Dutch, Portuguese, Eng-
lish, Chinese, and Malays. The trade of this
place was very much diminished in consequence,
principally, of the increasing growth of the Eng-
lish settlement at Pulo Pinang. The revenue
arisii^from imports arid exports, was this year
(1799/ farmed to some Chinese residents for
fifty-two thousand dollars. There are several
very pretty country-seats about three miles from
.in
It.kVKLANIIA V0VA(l»'.R
thi>ltts\tM «i(«l (hi* citintltv iiMtciiillv nlimihiU
ss\{\\ »!»>• n»«'»t*-M(ii tiw. Mill Ih IrtUtiitlp, »ntl.v
tMH ltt^(i;««H \mi\\ nt Oil' HitiiUiii, iliMriK itll Kit
tojtfihi (\\m \M\ih\t It Oii'li )i>il)l)>iMf, t'^t'i'iit
ilt| tltOKV \Mllt Mtr MPllltm ii> Kltllltltl'l* ('•iMlflllt (tt
Mi« RctitilKlMiitt hf HPttltIt
\\n\w |»ni'i'i'ill»|t rihiMir |<ni"«rtttt' <ii »li»« <M'il
WUhl, «n Ui'H' flrintrtUlv «»t»llptl <H rtitilHH III
ilrrii Wrttr* t unit on ilt»« iilalit (»r tin; lt>Hi.
\vltlii« \\\\\§ \\\ t\Vfitty (\tiit frttltittitit It «)|Mitll
\MW Willi llU'h VlrtlfUilB us I'l |»«»-l Dili frt'llf,
*M(I fttiiot'il tim lo^n »»f OIK «i»i'litti I rt rliriini-
•»rt«ri» Ihtt wmp. iw \\\\ »»»g«rHt'il rt^ wv liint lull
«M1*<| HHM<\ tthil l>rtil JT* rt |»nt<jin( \u<\\\\v lis of
nT»|»»«»»t inu'hmhin. 0» tlif mMIi niul 'iOHi llu*
IrImiu) or l*ii)o iMitnnit Wrti lit ulitlit. Iltt> \^tn(|
\\^\\\ 0«>m MiiHttS\T<«t. Ail (tii> \\\\\\\n itiliiii|t llif
tii«AUmi« wr>iT VM> Unlit rtitti viulnlili', «i< tunili*
Ivui ikh>\v |m^|itr<i» ih V''**l(*lt **> <!*** tiiiitli. Aitil
r\v\\ \\\U niMv In kiM'|«li»g ritw III Willi iln'
whwtr, ««tl «ul\ih| nilv«iun(ip of tin* Irtinl Uwvtv,
\\\\\v\\ tH»»it» im h'piilrtHy. ninl m'lU'iiillv In
*^m\U (tf ii\ii^ tlutiuii'i, nttil llitltlmtijt;. Ill lli'i
l\vi» itnyti l»««»\vw« tlu> 'i'lwA mid i2iMi, wi' lutil
m*df imOv »lni*«« ilcyit'i's' ililU'lt'llrc of IrtlHinlc,
l\*vh\ji; )v«\<iiir<|, In thi' ilm»', lU'Hi rt pvwi ninny
UUnit*.
t>tt th* .1h< «>f l>«»i'<?inlu't, wi« Hrtw Olrtnnnni
\M«M»I, aHc* urtMlnn which w«' \\\\\\ Ihc H'riiIhi
M»>Mh-r*M n\on^«<on. Vho twn !nin'i>iMlli»n drtys
\v* wt't-w In sljihi \\\ the \Am\\ l!hiMlnlm, ninl tin*
VKMisI rtf Avi». lU'lnn now In IniHntli' Ut' lunth,
\v« i»i*rtr«li«Hln» nnith wi'M with thi' wind IVim',
<IM\\ m thti lOth Anohntril (n WWww rutlnnnn
wwkv \\\t M\\\\ hrrtiU, H ln»lnp »iilni. tlif nmi
wtoiitlnu:, M dtiyhght, ttnninlun nl voosi-U wi'io
WiHiv MS, lWn\ onv of whioh wi^ |no<>niiMl n |»llol,
whw lniVv»iwo«l w** thM lh«' Irtint* ships tin n nniu-
h)W8 wf \« thi« t^mt UAwKoshnty rtml a IVntu-
g[Vt«»i« »hi)^ honnd In, (h(> lrttt«n o( whl<>h hiut hAit
MV«tt||:iVrrn\ont, ti\\\\ hi^ton olV H Fivnoh niivrt-
t*ev of »Mi»htw;n ^nns thip d;\y hclVm'. rtini thul
iK« Ot^iwivAny't i>\nUot N<nt!in«>h, hnl itom; in
))t^MU m W\\ Anothof IHitnnftto i'M'rt|ii«i ni^
imvtMt om» ildij tM« liw, wi' should hit vi> fnllon f nto
ihft WmwU \s\ this pi" v^i »'»'!, nod, hoinn nndoi
I^MfliftH v^vlowvs, \\\y^ \w<ky(i\i^ wonid hnv»» \m\\\
A h>^l low. (n t'u' ni^nt wr i^inn* tn unohoi-
H«itrlh<P ihippiw* in ^^^rtujiov i-onds i th» ni>\< diiy
V* Ipdt M H\ *s Vnt\)oivi' t tilt' dftv following to
INitUt wwl m i\\v l.^thof Doo«mhe» »f9D»
tttfvdl Mf^l}' «V CAkntitd.
lllAltKn VIK
tttni'niliiii Hi t'ttl('iilln.~tlitM«pt(ti(i|iiiiM,-
ii| 4t<iliiht« Nh|(Hi flt>(i«untti iHtiiltlM
Miiiiii.,',
til |iH»t t|»lM(( till H'lt<rt<»i' himl mlH'M* —linntfl
tMllllliln l*rM(iiUi|||Mtl« fiir iKH^IttU CnIi'MMd,
SlII'ltimHiir H llMNl.MMllfl' tItH ll.tllUh llltlt." Mm.
litiioliii4 (inxM,— tlHtituM itn CmIdiMMi i,«-u„
ii)i« llMtMl^t•lll'll >il kiiumii r«>Hi'l«>iit4.~k)iri Wu
ilrtm -II. |ii(iiiih'l(tt iliMJilMiif l''^rtlH•^^,-■hnl|;(^
1(1 till* «<oi»ui'.— AuhttI lli«r».
«
ticti* i iiiri itBiilii my WMilhy rilr>tiil ('ri|)iK.
I.tty, of nhoiii I li'Miftlit'ilic ciiHcr. ntitlof \\\\m
Kind li<ts|tliiilliy ('ii|iiiilii Itnimcll nnd inr^r
iivitlli'd iiiiiH'lvns till Ml* fiiiilil |iiiit>iitt< iliid |M.
Miir n lioiisci fiti n lii)li<l,iii' It inilillc litiiiDliii
ntiMi\ wic* n iltiiift (iiildDMvii III tliH citiinlty
Hitvliiit tt^cciliiliii'd rroiii llio i-iiii^li^iu<f iifii
iMiiin, thiiMlic I'lUK** hi'liiut of dull mild, lli>'
Wits ini |iitH|ii>i't of Ills Im'Tii||[ nlilf* In imy n
niinnint of llii> ips|iiind(!hUit liiiiid iM'ftiti' t^
i'X|ilii»lltin tif llii' lliiic s|ii'fllli'd tln'H'lH, It (i|
iiImIoiis iliiti I hiiil It tt)'it>nll)iiH»r (lih>t> niitiii)
lM>nni> III)', mil) ^s I should tltnl It MdvitiilnnN
to lity In itn Invest nii'iil fof tlni UmIU'iI Stni.
itnd t'oiild initl(i< Itn itnnnitciiiciil foi Its |iiitiii'
wlnot thf Itoiid In'ritini' diii'. I l!ii'ri>ron« snu..
.1 honsn dislniit floiii Hit' InisiMt'HS |mil oft
town, Itnd whi'ir the rent would lio iitooiiiii
itlly low. Biich It oiii' I nniiid In I hi) \U\\ It
r.ititv, Intd It fntnlslii'il lit llic most (looitHmi,
slyh>, Itnd tooU |iOssi'ssloii on (li»< I. Mil or li
fpinhi'i. Tln» ninltlliidi* of set vmtts, wlilcli i<
tont ifiinliTdnti •hi'CsliihlUliiiiiMil iij'lliosc <■•
who wi'tc dt'slions of llvinu In ilm nniHt ii'ii
initnnci, wits ttlmnilntt. .Mliio, Intiliidltig iniii
unlnhi'ittcis, I'ooKst slnortids, mid Wiiilt'
itnntnilti'd to i>i)|tht, i«xt'hislvt> of my hitti'k imj
(h'OlgC; It nntnhlM- Ihltl; SiHMIIS (o hli iMtUlluhi'
tidn tt mitn of smnll fkninin', (III ii Is t'Dltsltlei'
how voiy smnll Is llii'li' itiiy, mid how llllIc t
food luisls »nnn|»itird with nttts.
Ih'InK thus <'sti(lillsh('il, mid toy iniiid iiit|
•i|» foi It stmt* of Intit'tlvKy fof w'w. net! (Iitf
months, I witslho licUtM- ithle lo i»nJoy tliej
liiMilhtn fi-ont tltp sf>ns(« of lis hi'lng ntiiivolili
I iiimhti>d ithoni thi' town th (Iil* mocnltttt; lidl
the Itpitt In'omtit' o|>|ti-esslve \* hooKs (tltuiili^
it>suntv(> dminit Ihn dity \ nitd townrih ^veiij
t wits (akpn in my |iiditqnhi to (ht> i Ivor's filL
whcti'. itliHihditg, I witlkod oil the ^siilmittil(i
l^»l■t NVillimtt, Itnd wtts vhaiittcit w Kit Uic iii»<|
ofnnm» niilltrtiy hand, whli'h ittnycil thi'irtrtj
("vi'nhtiif, tn (Ids wny, with Ullli* viti'iHtltMi,e
(hsi (en dity B of my lesUlcnt'i* in t-ttli'n(tft '
tmssRil. Nut' hitd 1 miv lilcn, thitt t|t« rt^iiuiini
of my tci'tii tht'iti wonid not slidn itwny in I
B*nw» ovv'it tH)ni»f. Pof I did not coneclvi' ll
thui-c witsitchmice of my eomtng in culiiii
N\ith mty ono, innoh loss with Iho mnniciiwl
thoiitios of the iiluoo.
Itnt n-uin this state of (|iitot 1 wits oiu'
i-onsod hy the cntritttoo of ono ttf the moBsciifj
of th« [Htlioe-uffice, who infbintetl inc Hull
^\t titHH, *h«t "(il'l •!»• »♦''«« Im M»V ^Pftt'-**. (it't
, ♦«k»'tt ti|t rt« M •'tlhit. ttml Mm* I tico* >>|t
(lltfiUr «• ♦'"' ""'i*', mill «((»••• Mty clulm f'l
itr Id' Wi'itM Im< «i<m) (III liimril ilitl*. ht
»tf nMi'tnllutt Mill «iiiiiitiiiii<i It) |ifr«»tt(, I
•m' Utf «'ttM'' tttiM«f«iti»»'f, n »iM»i<, «((iHmc
♦lif Itltti'li iiinti In i|iif*»lHH nnx my •••ivitnf,
tM-t(tt*"( '"' •••'i;''' '"■ r")"!""'"! fiirtlitrlHi
jttiti'»'iillMt{ nut (iiiiliitltiv I'liiMldrfHl »i» \tf
|ii>i'«rttl, til It ivii" "f ti" tivnil llt-ntvyn
rt«'C I'liKlltinlnu. I »vi'!i( Iti Hf tiltfi-iHKiM Id
Mil, ittdl fMuiiirftit liii|ititf, Hint li- lm»l Im-cm
..III llif» riMtiiilv 'tf lli»' Inwii »iii(|nf, wli'i tr>.
Itt Vmk NVlllliiiii. Ill itHl»>f fii Im' «•*•»»», wlMt
«liM l»rt»l li'fii |id"»<«»''l, nil Imi'MiI (11) 'tt
jilti h Inn 111 III*' river Iti'l'tw. M wnn rtrrfiliin
I I I'tMild llilil Mill iiUl-'-r. whom I ItfitRi'ij
„|M>tiil aiMi'lliiK (li>iirKi> nllli Hi" iiMictt till
111 «rt' ♦III* iiirtdUlrnli- niKJ ttlilnlii hi* rfli-n*"
liihl till' hi* tirth'r* vrftf fii'ri'iii|il<iry, niid
lllc «hMii|il lii< iilill^i'il I'l •iiMiil hliii nwny Ni
ii«thn Mill' Will f»»iiiirnh|««, f«i Im |Mlf nil
lltif f^^t Fllrtihnti liii«hltif;ltiM.
|w hIihihI: ilr^imlrMl nf («v»'r nitnlil *m>|iik
\tu*\y ttinii, wrliii«i< nih-lllr hnil lifi'ii nn
jljjhly |iriiv)'i|, ii>mI fur wh<mi« sllMiiM<i»i (
III' nr»<iil»'«l iyiii(trtMiy, 'inl iliiiiiliiKh''l with
li* nl (ml lidvliiij ititiii- I't lh»« iillh'i' III |ii'r*iiii
liti hitii. ^ti Milin'ly illil ♦111'' xtihji'i'l (ih-
fby iiilml. tlint I Wn<i ilri<niiiliift nf H fttt
f Thi'in'il iliiy,h»'lii({ ('hrltliiiM, llif |i»iIIm«.
y^n^ I'jiKnil, I Ihercrnrc wMit, hi-lwi-i'M
itiil («*ti ii'i'tiii'k III til)' itHiriiliii^, III lhi<
Jig of IIh' iiiri(ti«trill»', wliii, I wn«i liifiiriiiM,
lit Kiiiii' tiiil III iMill on lhi> t'n|ilfilii iif (111*
HHii, iiM liimril wlili»li Cli'iirn*' hml Imvii
I hii^li'iiPil ill WtP hiiii'ir whfrf I hey npri*,
(fan liili-oiliiiH'il hy n iiprvuiil In livery Inio n
VI* fl|mHnient. wlnt-l» were Ihe Iwn^eiille-
i|iiiH'iilly nn Hie |iiilnl nf Kiiliifi; In i-liiireh.
ynrntilii wn« ft |iiir<ly, »nni|-|iinUlntt miiii,
J iil!«fy, ilri'iM'il III nfiili snU. nf lilnik, wlHi
|m»(I wig. Oil my eMleHiiji; Hip rnnni, hoHi
jIpii rnse niiif mlvrtin'eilliiwnrdsme, ^vlien,
ling tiiyKHf In (he jiiitlee i^llli (ti(* lill-
M It {ipriinn who In gning in n*k n tery
Ivolirnf M umii nn very prenf, Hint he hml
jtimtnMit It id tfinnleil, I inmle kiinwti my
■IN. tie rflillM tiy liii|iiirlng, In it inne
flllillentrii n nense iif the flilvnntnge he hml
B, why I fittd lint il|i|ienre(l nt the nfHee,
ki>nt for* id etnlm t)ii> mnii. t tnld him,
Jtng etignMd nt the time, t Unitpnited my
eMtp wotilu have tieen RiifUcieiit tn eimiire
leane.
|o," he Nitid, " It WHH lint }" nml mlileil, In
I nmt manner wtilch wnn nny thing Imt n-
H\\, " tile fcllnw whom you e«1l your ^er-
1 1ieltev« to he n gnnil unllrrr i it* kiicIi I hitve
Jlim on hnitril iihl|i, nmt Nhull give no iliree'
rfor Ills einitnel|»ntJnn."
llBnAnt at mioh trentmrtni, I rc|ill«;(1 in a
of which he hmi set ihe cxiimple-
^uch proceeding, «ir, is very extraordinary.
t, ♦ vtrMf'tiiNi M 'i1
I ilniilit M* lietiiit *Kii'-i>nlii'l hy f.nrd Mnrnlng.
Inn And why iiinii'it j nii tii^'- ni", nnd Mfid
me nil linrtrd *lilji, trlHi t'li" "nme prnprlely ym<
ihi mv nf-ftunt '*
«iii(li 11 niie^llnii, 111 ined II (nfti*, ffnm «n ymirtg
n niiiM, mill mi'- whn*^ ildnenminr hm' tie'-n «»
inei-k, ^/nt «v(<|f(ill» ini»<peel»'i(, mid «eemed in
rniiie the winlli nf fii* wOMhlp In the hlgh«"«if
piteh, fll»fneeliei'rtnie||ken'nrle». Me «el/^d hrtfd
nf hi* newly ("m'l'fed wig, nnd polled It nve^
nne enr, iimde n I'linplele retnlin'lfoi n» hi* heel,
mid, wlHi fire rtfi*liiM(t in hi* eye*, *»nn-|<rd frti
Ihe rtnnr. nml Inn *lenfnrlnfi vnieft di-mandcd —
" Ami who fife mil, ulr f"
At Ihi* time J i>ll*e^v^d IhrtI fht> nihft g^tl-
Heinnn, nnl helm; filile tn *iippre** hi* lnngMer,
hml liirned «w»y I n-plled
" I mo nn Ametlinn ilH/en, *)f, find ofi»« ¥thti
I* nnt nmieipinliited with whnt in due hi Ihnt
ehnrmler."
" Well, where dn ymi live, ulr, fnm immi*-^
fo/ir nddre** ?" Inklnj^ nnl hi* pnperund peoefl,
atid wrlllna In « hurried mid nglfnled mmifiw >
•Old Iheo i(li*ervl«d, " I *h«ll neod for jnn trt
mnrrow, *lr,"
I Inid him t *hnidd nnt let the lm*lwe<« tent
♦ ill tn-mnrrnw, mmle my turn, nod left him.
ft wn* miw vertr evident, thnt f mii«t. urntttm
Ihe Inlerferenee <ir miperinraiithwity, Of ! might
not only ln*e ttenrge, tint he mihjeefed to *om#
nnnnynni'e my*elf. I therefirre went Imm^, nn(t
Immedlrttely *et nhniit writing a loiter Ui the
(Invernnr tJeiiernl. The fnHn t h«d fr» niat*
were ^ptv *imple and iteur ) the np(ffe**iftrt tft
wtiieli I find tn i!nm|»lnin I wn* snfiirfled e'mld
nnt he eniiiiteiimieed j mid ( thereffrrw fett ft
iiinOdinee In n hnppy re*nlt, A* unmi nn inf
letter wn* wrilfeii, I went with it my*etf <r» lh«
[inlm-e, nnd delivered It to the Seeretnry of hl»
I'Neelleney, whn, nn fl*eerl!tining Its eonterttn^
fl**nred me Ihnt immedinte nttenllon nhonM hi'
prtid to It. Nnr eoold ttiere hnve heen any flHay
in fidfllling thin promise, fry nendlfig (he Mlfri«
night in the Rhip, wtileh Jny several milea tHiiint }
n-i, hefiire ten o'eloeh nent fnornlng, OtHtfgif
mnde hi* hpjiertrrtnee «t m* honw, ae<yimpa«f«d
hy nn elderly sergennt, Who ha<l h«efi n^ttt Uf
entidnct him to me,
A* I henrd northing fnrttier from the mtipt^
Irnie, I eoni'tiidcd ihnt he received a vimiftrt
ndviee frnm high nnttiority, hy whifih idh^n itt
my eoiintrymen may hrtVe eseitped a simitar tM*
noyofi^e, Never wni joy more dearly de{df!f.«rl
in nny eniintennnen thno In f>«»rge's wtien h«
met me. Me nhnwed his white teeth, and mak-
ing nn elTfrrt to etipres* lii>t gratitmie, exelaifned,
"(t, mn*«in, n tnii*nnd tank*, a tonsand tanks f
f Jenige he Kind to snrve yon lie lifetime." 'fhia
joy wa* indied rcciproral ; for, if from hO oth«f
inii*(!, we had pa • d together throngh to/»
many trying deenfl* iioi to have exeited in mc
Ihe «re(itest sympalhy for hi* detenthm, and fW
leis plenimre at hi* relea*e,
The commerce of the United l^tates wilt*
zs
CLEVELAND S V0VAGB4
eiitta at that period was very ditferent from
what it is at present. During the three months
of my residence there, no less than twelve shi^s
were laden with the produce and manufactures of
Hindostan for the United States, whose cargoes
would average about two hundred thousand
dollars each. This demand for manufactures,
for which the purchasers preferred to pay an in-
creased price rather than to keep their ships
waiting, had a tendency, in the course of two
months, to raise the prices twenty per cent.,
and entirely discouraged my thinking of an in-
Testment for the United States. Nor could I
reconcile to myself a longer period of inactivity
than that limited by the receipt of the amount
of the respondentia bond, especially as the sul-
try and unhealthy season was advancing.
While in doubt what course to pursue, the
Isle of France was suggested, among other plans,
as offering a fair field for speculation. The
great success of the privateers from that place
led to the inference, that prize ships and prize
goods would be procurable there at very low
rates. And as the Danes, at this time, were the
only European neutrals, a cargo could be trans-
ported from thence to Tranquebar, under the
Danish flag, in safety, and vrith great profit.
But how to get to the Isle of France ; this was
a difficulty of no trifling magnitude. There wu
no vessel going in which I could take passage.
To purchase one to go to a place where I sup-
posed them to be so abundant and cheap, would
be "carrying coals to Newcastle;" besides
whioh it would have been difficult, in a vessel of
moderate size, to escape the vigilance of the
Bengal government, who were decidedly hostile
to all intercourse with the Isle of France.
I determined, therefore, to procure a boat of
a size so diminutive as to elude observation,
and, at the same time, of so little value, that
much could not be lost on a resale. Such a one
I found at Calcutta, nearly finished, of about
twenty-five tons, which I soon made a bargain
for, to be completed immediately, to be rigged
at a pilate boat, with mainsail, foresail, and jib ;
to be coppered to the bends, and to be delivered.
M soon as possible, at tl-.e Danish settlement of
Serampore; for which I engaged to pay five
thousand rupees. The contract being in due
time fulfilled by the delivery of the vessel at
Serampore, I there got her put under the Danish
flag ; and a cargo of oM, wax, ghie, &c., pur-
chased to the amount of five thousand rupees,
of sufficient weight only to put her in good bal-
last trim. As the Americans, at this time, had
a kind cf pseudo war with the French, it was
advisable to neglect no precaution in guarding
against embarrassments that might arise on this
account ; and I therefore became a burgher of
the Dauish settlement of Serampore.
While these transactions were in progress,
tiwa had come round for the payment of the
bond, the amount of which was forthcoming at
the moment. I had now passed three months
in the city of Calcutta, having made during thtl
time no other excorsion than one to Serampoic,<
and another to the botanic garden. The for.
mer makes a very pleasing appearance along the
margin of the river. To the extent of nearly j ^
mile, well-built houses, neatly white-washed,!
give it the appearance of being larger than hi
really is, as the town is of very limited exteml
back irom the river. The botanic garden iil
pleasantly situated on a bend of the Hooghl
cslled Garden Reach, but it was not neatly kept.
No temperature can be more delightful thai
that of Calcutta during the months of Decein.
ber, January, and February. It is very dry ami
healthful; and the nights I found to be in.
variably cool and comfortable, though there iia
always a necessity for the ose of jnusquito cur.f
tains.
During my residence at Calcutta, I witnessoj'
an amusement which, I belie v;, is peculiar t«.
India, the chase of deer by tig<>rs. The arem
occupied a space of more than a hundred acre;
the borders of which were lined with mounted
dragoons to guard against mischief firom the ti.
gers. The tigtsrs had a blind of leather ove
their eyes, were led by a string held by ther
black keepers, and appeared to be under per *
feet control. They had belonged to Tippoo Sail^
and were much smaller thioi the royal tiger.
While one of them was held by his keeper it
one end of the field, the deer was let loose ii
the centre. At this moment, the blind bein;
removed from the eyes of the tiger, he darteo
forward with inconceivable velocity; and al
though the deer put forth all his strength to ev
cape, the tiger had caught him before he hai
reached the other oitremity of the field. It wai
a cruel sport ; and I did not wait to see a repe-
tition, or how the tigere were again brougln
under control.
But the English resident of Calcutta seems to
think less of the amusemints which are peculiit
to Europe, than of indulging himself in the ut-
most refinement of luxury, which the combined
ingenuity of European and Asiatic epicures cu
invent. The multitude of servants, which cm-
torn seems to have rendered necessary to tiit
man of fortune, and to which he becomes fami-
liarised by habit, commonly unfits him for a r^
sidence in Europe afterwards. His durvai,
peons, circars, chubdars, harcareahs, huccabt-
dar, jemmadar, and consumas, form a list d
obsequious being(s, each, at the muster's nod
ready to perform the duty pecu!us4' to his < "
with a cheerfulness and alacrity, such as a despot i
does not always receive from his slave. He i^.
dressed and undressed, washed, thavrd, ui
combed, without any effort of his own, ui
precisely as if he were incapable of any exer-
tion.
The dinner hour is usually after aunset ; u|j
convivial parties seldom retire before midnij
Over the dinner table is hung an immenje
extending the whole length of the table ; »»
AND COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES.
39
Drt of his own, tii
capable of any exer-
being put in motion by strings attached to
Faulted by servants in adjoining rooms, there
Iways a breeze to counteract the efTect of
soups and meats in a hot climate. There
, great variety of fruits peculiar to the cli-
of fine qualitY, and very abundant and
Lt the period of my residence in Calcutta,
1 were no buildings, public or private, which
Id be remarked by a stranger for their ar-
tural beauty or magnificence, or as con-
iig to the generally received idea of the
idour of the British capital of India. But
defect in this respect was unaply oompen-
for by the magnitude, the strength, the
ity, and extraordinary neati aa of Fort Wil-
The complete and elegant finish which
I been given to it affords proof of the com-
of ample means. The ccst is said to hcve
two millions sterling. Of this fort, and
Be miUtary band which played every even-
retain the most lively a.'id pleasing recoi-
ls ; and not less so, of the civility of se-
ofllcers of the garrison. Very few evenings
that I was not present, aud never failed
equally delighted with the order, disci-
extreme neatness, and soldier-like ap-
ice of the trdops, as well as the perform-
I and with those sweet sounds which seemed
aain vibrating on the ear long after they
reality ceased.
horrid tragedy of the Black 71ole of
Itta has given to it such dreadful r.otoriety
II make the event familiar to ages yet un-
Over the spot on which it ocr red is
ed an obelisk, which already gives indica-
; that H is not long destined to perpetuate
ftd story for which it was erected.
black town, as it is called, from being
lively inhabited by natives, extends to the
, of the other. The buildings ar^; composed
frail materials, mud walls, mats, and
s ; and the streets being narrow, con-
tions are frequent and extensive. The na-
i of Hiudostan are remarked for an amiabi-
Df disposition, an evenness of temper, and
of regularity and docility, which render
invaluable as domestics, and I have been
ed they are not less remarkable for their
ty and honesty. But the most striking
re in the character of these people is their
stion for the cu<)toms and institutions of
ancestors. Their food, their dress, their
essions, and marriages, are all under the
liction of religion. It prescribes rules of
luct under all circumstances, and ''iere Is
ely any thing, however trifling, which it
with indifference. Many of the native
bhants possess large fortunes, and some nf
have apartments fitted up in the Eur^x. ^an
^ and live at a corresponding expense.
I the 18th of March I saw my boat pass by
attOt which, in conformity with previous
ngements, was to wait for me above Fulta.
As no notice was taken of her by the Enribh
authorities when she passed, I felt secure from
any interruption from that quarter. The next
day, with the balance of my funds in bills and
gold mohurs, I proceeded in a native boat, ac-
companied by ray man George, to join the ves-
sel. In conformity with an understanding with
the ostensible owner, I found her manned with
a Danish captain and mate, and four lascar sea-
men ; and myself and servant embarked in the
quality of passengers. Soon after joining the
vessel, as the tide was favourable, we proceeded
on our course, and came to anchor at Fulta, in
order to purchase a supply of fowls, &c., but
found theur stock to have been exhausted by
sales made to vessels which had preceded us.
The next night we had very heavy squalls
from the westward, accompanied with mueh
thunder and lightning, and were compelled by
their violence to let go a necond anchor. The
succeeding day the weath«. ' became pleasant ;
but, the wind being against >. we turned down
with the ebb as far h^ Cu^ e, where we an-
chored for the night, and t. d next morning
went ashore and purchased a stock of ducks,
fowls, fruit, &c., sufiicient for the passage. The
next ebb carried us to Cudgeree, where, m ccm-
seqnence of a gale from the south, we lay at an-
chor the two succeeding days; nor, with so
m ich wind, could we have proceeded if we had
desured, as, in the hurry for dispatch, the sail-
maker had neglected to put in any grecmmiti
for reefing ; and all on board w/io could handle
» 7>eed\e were set about thi» bu^^iness.
Cu the 25th the weather became settled, and
\«-hr.n we had arrived opposite Ingcrby, the black
pijot, who had conducted the vessel from Seram-
pore, left us, having previously given us direc-
tions how to steer. The tide was now ellrong,
and running with a velocity which is peculiar lo
this river, when we suddenly and unexpf ctcdiif
found ourselves in only seven feet wu^er, "aayiag,
as we supposed, mistaken the direction df^mlff:
pilot, and taken the wrong side of the hn6ff '6it'
the little fiarabulla. We hod scarcely time to
reflect on the consequences of touching, before
we had passed over the shoal and were again in
deep water. When the tide had ceased to be
favourable we anchored, and again pursued our
course when it set out, and in the evening of
the 28th, we anchored in Balasore roads, md
lay becalmed during the night.
Early the following morning we hauled up oui'
anchor, and with a brisk breeze from south
southwest, stood out on a wind to the south-east
While passing out of the Bay of Bengal, we had
very variable winds, and generally good weather
nor, indeed, had we any occurrence during the
liassage worthy of remark. The bout, which
was named the Mari. was quite as uncomfort-
able as I had anticipated, and this, not so much
from its contracted size, as from the scorching
eflbcts of the sun, which was most of the pas-
sage nearly vertical, and from the rain ; for oui
^^^■
M
rU*VM.»WI«'»t Vt<tAnl»«<
\'\\\\^W\\ IX.
*%*VllM»' IIVA U\|*AI)UAHV*. \m\ nkUjrchitM. ,-
M^t^t^Urs^UnM* \\\ \\\i\ n.iw.^^t.K Vt.U it« ll\*>
>>W^\Vt>t\W»'.>»»!iH\ r..WhM\ilt\t| «^» ^^^^^ f'W.
%'"*■ ■'&!*'•' '*' *'**' "\'"*'> - l*t"*|>'" '*'»' *•'*>** •^l'
li^n^\(*,_»F,)i(.H^««.>«\ li> Uii. I|»l>« "! l\'>i»»l>.i**. \l
vivAl A» i»v l^i**o< \ wn..)«i. |v^«i\MV»«i Uivlt»*«
w\lVt>^»li>, \\^ \\\*\\ H".J.V.i»\». .IIU)>i>!ij>iti>lltr
— \m»kwi\»^ \htt <>mm\\ yi )|i<* Uli»>*<l l*V» vhK
iWI+i' *l\\)[<. '*\\My'<\ ^y>A\\ 111 »lu' UiHt'H»ii>-.
ri(k^<\\V»»»stnh' ni'i M»\iMA«S'\t\) i»v »li>* > 'i»)>»1iUti
W\v*»f.*v. lU>w<lr nnUttn rtftrtU^M \»(«i VU*i)iyi>.
ttAtps. \Vl\k\\ i\\i< WW n»no\\i^i\ »i\ \\\<^iU\!»i| nt
<l\e Vl^ ^M t'>*\S»>>* >l\^VU\tt «l\.' l^uvMri\\\>' >i\tM»tl\!(.
M\ %<'>\1ftH\SW!» At \i^M iwjii'lluv. \%> \\\\\^\\\'<\\\\^
^Nll^iMivK. A!\ 1>S ll\»» ll»^j*!\»inUV Nkl\\oi\ \K\\\\\\\
\K iW \r*M>\ \\\ \\\y\r\\ \ A\^^\x^•\\ nt 0\>' Vrt\^<> xS\
^^x\A Vix'^t vM'Mx'yS f^WS^WW' \\\ ll\<* \^^ISAV,prt«1v
\hs\ 4m\i' w^sw i\\m S\f\\\\\\x< %hr. \^s\\\\\ m\
i^\i ixs r\xiit> ilvo v'(\vioMl\ m\\ \\\\\\M xW \\\x'
jlf^Vftt ^'1^^\^^\ A^mm^iW^^^I »s»^ tl\o il\y!\\ t\S <xvp rt
\VV<»t>y A^^^>NSAO^'>(S|; 11. VV|lU'i\. y^^sAVo rtW <>thoH
1><M V''A1v\\m\ 1^\o ^VN\1. *^\",^ \\y\x M\x^\^\•. \s\\\ Wrt*
fA VlWtNN iY XNv ><«'^ tA0«'1><'^>'vA A^^^ \'>ttx\ \NvM\\«^V,
W*A m|V^vv^^rtn h )'^-\x%^ \\\l\\ \\v x>\\M W^M \\h\y
"xxWxM^ \\w .M l>\<Nvv ir«)o* \\Huh A^V nsiMW\>Srt
liA tlyiK W»rti\\ M thiv v>iv>srt ,m<1>,^ \vav.
NXVf'' <«^^^^nv^>«rt^^rt^^ iW \vt\nMut fxs U\v 1*«\.
>'wnV»vS n<Hx\ i>>o V<M^M\WiHnt \, iW >\i«li\t>\*W
^•HV^ >♦(» tx<^\ 'xn i txrxA. A» «rt A«y^ «,\y«,^MS «v\l
<Nai \ nn»'»»-rvf,i,>,^ iVo *\vn<'1\ V^r\iin,\)(r<>, \ \\\'\\A
yxfx'h «Vm»iV!> A«i, • 1^'j* nv«tK'i\\^)1 \>As WiM^i^^jt
1^ Wi^ , ■> >«<^ V*-^*. liVv A \'^^C<(W «'* *rts\
l^f^l A».^ jfiVW ^v^tiW^^N (TSA< rt ^\^< t\.>t ^\>V-
■\\\\\ ulilrl). liiihUltlHK vNltitltK, (tlrtt'Mjt A niv\
m^ i\( .»)lri! tU» l\ \\H\mjt kI- rnlHlllttHlj . Wlliii
liil.l IrltlU'il lit ItU UUiilHS (|IIC|tMntt*t »HHl)Vt<
ihi> \\v\\'x \^,m liiiIlK, itiiil ht liiK vhKnt'tn I III
Idhlhtt I •lli)iilil III' Ittlti'il ntt « tidllvn iif li,
.lilt rllhtt I III' lllljt'll ii(- Dlt VHVHl^l' WilR rll,
cIlMiril, Otic It'llllUld'il lliitl III' i'lliillglll ) iii'hi
hrtVt' llllli't 0.\H llllllt ll)«.«n Ullll'lt llj(l)t'(llri|l,|
llii' i|U)i.im(l Kj- sil ll|tllH» rt I'KIJtit. f'i'(llit|i.|
ml') III itiiitiill 111' |iil».i! HMl(ti. " riiWt iiiiiif
umiliUiill li|.» |iiiHiii«i.." t^n<4 IliH )».)ili.. «ii,|,
Urit' oiiltU' III' till' itlim'Mrtllmii itllil i-'rn|i'i'li))„.
tvlili'li I Itciiiil Hlllit^ I'll tiiv «ny III fill' i|,
u'Hiiii'*, Htiil tvliit'h wt'OjiiimWttrlhn nHiiii'ii,
•lilUUhhtii'^M. Hi'lUllv, (ttiif Hiolttj, wllltili I lii|.i
'iltKl'lU'il III lllln )lHt|l||i III ri ft'«||li'til'l« lit cl.
\\Sm\\\^ rtlllilllK lllHtl, iMttM Mllltl nix ifrtM Ik
niHv
iiii iti'tim iiiiiiiiiiii'i'ii ill iiii. i)iH»ii)ii)h (U('ii-i!ii
Miilmii.'n III' ti'i'i'lu'tl \w «iiii ilmi ndtrtnii,
wlili'll U il niTiilldi I'li'thlHi'iUllc iif tlih hi'Mi'li
!»Hi| Ulll.'li. lnmUllltln INllillHt, (llrtri'S ^ kIhii, ^
■ "■ ■Ml
(' l!)|
,.,.- . IlK^
•»l'l'l\ till llU JlrtA'sllUl', III' IrttllUltl'll III* \m |ll-ni
il'lllH III "mv i'illi'l)iilm'! liiiH |ittrilti|i)im
rHllsl'tll'lhll Ih lli*W itill Itf H(il|litHli.ll| lltlili' i|.l*
WV' I'ikllMilt'li'il hll |*H>tll lltrti I'ltlltii in) i hill' ,'■
•*ni'h rt I'rt^ui' • 'i' '>;'•-; '*<' li'mrtUtt'ii II ."
\m,'\\ \M»ii(i'i1, 'i^ ' ";< I nIiiiiiIiI hcII II \t.i-
ill»il IHi'l'MoiM, , >!' . .Ill, llml wilnil (I'IMtl 'I'
lUrtili' Ut him H'n)ii« *\f\(> (iMIlft ^vm^^ III' I.'
-^t'lii \\\\\m »i» III-' t'Huirtiii i>r llti« iimi ii» "(pj- tin
y<S\m ilillii'l.'iil *\fi« i":liii' III iiilllifl lii'i' I'ldhiii'
Oil 1rtl<|ll-i I.MMi' III' lM\lti'il ll|i< h» llllll' ullil lii
»l\l' llrxl il!\j.
Ilrtvhift »i\rti|i' rt IiIumUII, itr i'oit<iHi»hy, Imi '
|»"»4iliiirtilitii, liHlii^liHi'hilniH, i wmrtlihiMii'
Ww \\s 1*111 «lii> Illy lUVil iH»((»itM fttul) Itt III"' III
)ilrti'i», \M'ii» lo'dif ii'nlili'iii'r uMlic I'limnl
\\\<' Viilii'il f'lrtti**, In \\\\m\ \ wrtunsniiiriillii'i
\\\\\\\\\ \\A\K l*H'» »m lirtTrtiil In »'iimlii)t III I
.'I^Vrti'ii'^- ottt I'HIwMi iir H»i< I'lillml Rlrtlf«i II
i\\\\ \\\ i»l\l\i|t i*vli|i'iii'i» llinl I will mil rtllrtii
WW irrtillly rti'i'iMli'il, rtinl »v'iU|'v> tut \\\wv
\\\\\\ \\\\' \\\\\\ tllh'i' \\\\'M i'jt I,' Ihn liliiiH
'MV \\\ \\\\\m \\<\^ Wllil'U.; *- ■ i'.'u llUllloi
" sKi'ii'hjw or Mttii'K, '■ -^ ■ ! >, '^nnv m
inMUwIfrt'Mt'VrtI x\\ Oil' l*llU»ni ^'''u- ■{'' illc lit
,\onMlli<i<rtiliH«n IllrtI lilt' OrthixH rt«i1 i'"
lUnhdiTtth «»'»»' <l\i' >^'\\\ lU'iih-rtl «lrt|t« III I""'!
\Mx\ onit>"««> \\w\v w it» l»lH\\iuif llu» III'*! it»
«mo ov the IrtUi'vV v* Ih'* »'"|<il|tm>'»u i
Vrt»V»*\-*. \\\x^ *i\W m\\ IVHrtlr* Hf l>Hfr'« rtllil lli'V
«>A*Tt>N»*«, rti^'l lh«' Oi'»'rt«lo»»rtl Aiilviil nf rt "<lii'*i
A\\\s '\\\\\\\ Mrtilrt|4i»*i'rt», Ki'Mt \\\\ «ln> liiiilli' mif
A)[»\>rrtW»\«v «MhnMUi»M , mwinU ♦Ili'imrtlhrtK
ol tl\i' |<\>Mhirl« x\\' Oil* \ i'mI l»\llU'mi»il Unit 111
Wrt* X\M \\\ \\\i* \\\x\f,\ '<■ ?!l ,rtl rtllil Krtlllllll) il^l
M'H\\i|*A\U. ^^^^H\ till' I'i'-i '1i*'< .t! tlu» lllillifl
ixN \NvAvhA»«» my »'rt\ip\, I l,iv<> n<» ilmiht of iiinkf
t»vft A lmrt*lwvm<' imMU o» M i Imt HdrflMi* rtcn'i''
US;t fc'; |m\^y*^!»Al. \ Wrtlh'il (III IHk l^tll«Wl»
uw,' '.rt'f, \\\AX rt Villi »n|u«(«iil«y iitiftii Im«. Hill*
!»*iHcs "MUu' <'.»»»t|^Hi<t»i«, \\\sm I H>»wl »^^1
l-;ti f.iiin^l^hriM. fift ntiH>n 't.
a
f\>^ h tiiillvi' itf
tt fiu^it fVdtiit, I
»l )i^ llittiinlil
ll UJtUi'tlh
lie n
(H lIlH )H|(lj'. Sm,i
liitix rtttii fitjUciiiii
tiiv wilt h> fllf •!
tli'mW ttlHir^ «Hti|rl„ I
f'td'iHj, wliltMt I W ;|
Ih tt H'«litt'tit't« 111 i.
« MllUI sl» li»*liH I..
ll<>Ut»*»*Hlll»-|ll('tl'!:il
l< Willi lIllU illlltliiili
hi-uiii' i»r lb h-Hi,),
mini, filiifcN a «(»'!'>
ruhJliltttllj. wlt"H
(ji»M||hh'« ♦■b)rtil<M
In I 111' *r«M('t« i Itii
'mrt)l<t'il nil m )it
itilH llHtlUllHII" I'
(XHItilHltlll itiilli' 'i'
hrtl t'ltdltl lit) S htir ..
\t> ii'iurtiittMl II <i
iMHUItitl HI'll II ^^.1'
llmi wlwiii'iKiii "'
tf Ijtt* \.V%w\i lit' ll
nrliii* iiititiit ^vi* II"
lUKtltllll illM' Htlht""
I »n» In illht» Willi lii
M
t»ir I'cvwiutiiij'i iiiti
ilniil, i wmrtliPi""
muhi m\k III III''"
tMio»* nl" lilt* I'lllfnl
m \ wrtiinMiurililt
-mil In I'timliift III ii»l
|U< I'Hlll^tl Plrtlif*, "I'-
ll I wiK mil' nllrtiii'i
I'. I't tills |mi|lo:;il\
kiii "'''•■'iVvv tlllHii" "
lU-u ;«*'^{?^ M'l lllf I''
♦ 1(1' l>«lii«il mill ''■
n»>»\hrtl llrtH« III I
huHwiinfllii'lli'i "•
lh(t <ii|iilpttii*ui
llt« \s\' inifr'H mill II
»rtl mtlvnl iif rt "III"
(*»»♦ \\\\ \\w IiUmII.' 'VI<
OuiwftU llifumrtlhuH
^M ltvill»>«i<'tl ll»iit "'1
a{»'>',»l rti»il (tnliitrti) 'll
'I .>S(»>< .>? tli«» ltii>l»*j^
liA.< H<» lll«»l»t <if 'ii»1^
» li ( \\\\i iMlftMi' rtOiM'|t|
KimI nil lH» l\tll"«t'^
oHn«l»)ri«lf<lHwi|lw
iVc, \vl»«»« I I'ld^PlI «i"i
IMll wIlM ('((MiM(tf|»>(|
If ft«»- llif f»f«»'«' lilt llic » lift!" nmimii lit Mt('
liltMMnt.
^ttl, Hi fiTii u'llitck, III »ll*i»' wIMi Mtf> Um
Hnt, t^ltti ftw tiitl Ihxn nffiilili' lliflrt n< M(r H^^k
1»l)(i)|rif(, 1(1* ItilMcMiirnf nIMi Mil
I'M »'H()i}iM<(lMi? liUitnlf, «(
Miti|'it-lfr ftf Mic imilv, tMNuU\N\ Mflif'f Mint
imlif't- wlllt ItN clilliln'H, MittH Mf n Hilllfrtft
will! Iili "ttilirtllfHi*!, thf illtiMfr w/(i
lift III |il«lii (t(i( (ifttldiiijMP nfrl"* «fi*(
Ito^Ptl itf « ff(i«tl t«tl»'*tr tif wpII f«»ilf»M|
Bn. illPt't? |iM'tnlli'i( nf frt()l<' «M J-nif, rtiid
|jiHif« ft-ni'ililHi fHiiM tfofriiltif, widcll fftHiiMl
lltlJtIMIKlHHl 111 lilf CnritlHlU» Htllj I'MNUim
1(11 ii(ifiH(fil()l(jr lit JihqpCflrijf
(•ffinit «ii« of filioiif
Hfl|ili»'»l trlfl* ('(i(r>'<»
fUl" liiiccffiOHMlrtttnlf
Ififiillr liiti
»tll»li Iftlil''*. I'll''
Hititu' tliditfldli. iHdl
lljIlfHCl, «l(tMl I'rti'll
l<iiliiillii» mill ipllvrrlM)f my Mit-f* ««1
[|H'tiiM|(|l<»litMl t ititl « «(«» «»■ fit<i nftff- I
niifillfiiMMii Im (»(r tfi^fl fcdlh « pfimti,
^1 jilrttiMflMH wi! >*iirttl)rntiim (k miftif (iMic
fur »l»i»lRrtM«j» whii'h niv himl wrt« ttcfiill.
<n|(n>tl ht lii^f fttty lii-rtft f»f wiifff. On MiU
[bf ((It »)iHi(l(tMt((t I l((((l (((tf (tKllcljintcii
li| rtdir |thi(ll ♦!((• (tinl(( filijci'f liflfifi; (lirK
I |IH«"«II1HC, nlllcl) HKllfl llf llll(rtl»(C(l ((I tut
♦tut, M((l I OkkiiI II((' «»•((♦((•(•(«« nlllldif
(lite*' ♦hi(ii«irt((il flvf linnilccd (lidlnf-i for
9(il I rtdil I fliiMril Midi IdiM rtf Oinf prlcp.
jilicri' («)i|(i'n(-c(l ("tldciidr >(( !(»• « Hdf Im (ny
|) nlllcit W««i li<rtdl(()< (t(( Im f«(it(((n, rtdd I
|Ni-lvltiK (ttt ndvitNlt(H(( Whcrd t hnd ttni N(i.
tnl It.
rt few di(y»' rMldrMfc unHnflrd (iif* I (ltd (
h\\fi\ lull lld^ (i« |)(,-ifl(: (ijr flic jiiirclinur' nf
' (litiif vcfit'li IK' I'urgtif^ willed find (ifp
lti'i»(( «fi(l l((. Miiifif rif (licin tr^rn
ttii lld'lr wiiv III hidlit iiddcr (lif Mndluli
Jul iillicn liiiil lici'd |^i((dlinifd lui *(icr«ii
111 (if
IIMIIIM
Inn lilftli n («((• III |i(ii(H liv Inlddjt Micid
(( IIKCfl
IdC (■(•niili'i liir dicti'liMdIi (if (lir- |(ln/T
Hirxc I hrtd KctKnl ililjin iimiiim'^mI to iric,
lilt, ilti^cc (-Pdinldcd In (iif, tht-wftitf, iui
wllcdiMllvcllirtii III lie ci'idly with (iit fimdfi,
Ifdd (licnidvnl iif Kiidirnf (l(ii«ir» |irl/i>N tvliiili,
v»m iKIIi'diiidd, wiiiild lif« oftit in liy «'iifif>
♦ lie ((iinii'iidin tidil ni>ll ii|i|i(il(itcd crdlnprn
liiiil lit'cn illKjinli'licd r('()((i lliin iiircl.
It'Milli linvIdD; «<Iii|iknI, nnd do (iii|iiirli(dlly
liKinU fur l(tv(>n(i(in my ft((id«, I (Irdrdiirdd
iki' II «lmrt P'trKCildM lit (Iif» |"dr» of Mdiirlidn
|(''diiiiili, hm It wn« tliPiicnllcd), mid, iki Hip
«tf liKii', Innk |in!<Mn||(p Id (Iip (mIh Crciilp,
mil iiidlMiiiilp, flir Hi hpiilq. iMirldft llip
|)»-f>»iir liniir* ididiPillftlply nii('C(>pdiii« (iiir
Kdh' Wi« lind n rndlldiiiMl hkIp of wind,
h <'idii|ip||('d \\n Id He Id iitidci' n rppfcil forp-
Ulit* Knn rddiiInK vpiy Iduli, Add prcvpnlpd
|Hi'tmiiti« III iliii rdml df 81. l)f>dN lipfurp
nf lli« iUllt. A Inlipr tif hdrodditidd Id
thn miM rtiMikm^iif^ itittt'lltiiti nt Ihti piicti
{(fdfiirpd tm nff,t>nn iti ttutt tft (♦(« mifii m*mi.
uiUht-ii «dd uifiHtUtt^ frtffdfl^*! ttt ihn Uilttiii,
ffddl frilddi, (litHdtf ^dy tH^it^tlfti iht*H', < M.
j(prlfdf-p»| (finf |(((l|(p iflpdddM itiui hat' httnpu
IfdKr. nlil'li nrp nVftttn fin' twir" t!;tHlctui «ihHt,
flu Iti Md< ld<t(rtdP«', ^Um nth ititunh ih hf ptifHif
dl<ild(frp'!fcd.
^tlfr K fpw ddfd' rpiMpdpfl iM ttd* tmHf, 1
ftmv'ii tliP »f)dd«frtlM ht (f(p *d'df(, hf « fWnft
(irttli, rtf^piiddp <d IdirsPi^ Add ntititi tttthen itt
(he Pdffpp (d(i«»((fl(j« tif Mr. thmnii»f tn n/httttt
> l(«d fl (pft^r( «Md #f*d«p hifMp\tti1\if hud tthMi
Mindp i»N«wf( Id ttih («y Hfvftni ttt my huttitftin'tit
nhit Uiui ^t«prl"dml If, thiit' plunWrn h
l(p«fi»ifMtty «lf((nfpd ni « ffffnt t;1t>iin*ftiti, ftitn-
fdrtddfdft « *J**«' "f M«p dcpfifi mUh Mm iitttififticim
htithtiti Id »|(p wpet t rtdd lli^ jifTPftf^r fdif t iit i1i^
(ffddddfi, wldpfi flip ^l«yp«i nrf! Hfi|ddypd l« mU
Hvrt(ld)^, fdrty 1." *PPW frdWi frd» lidfff<». ffW
prtffpp frp*-, ».(d<i ypflt, priiitihHt «n «dr/«ff<tirfr<
f^rdft, rtdd fl(« hmif'Hi /w« w^»dfd (ifffVA frt
fliiddt •!« wp<'f<«.
f,p»»ldg IfiN fhitrttiititi: ttit^fihica f/Hh tfr#
d(d«» ffivddfnidp Ifdfrfpcddr** df th^ iiiuft t(:f1tfilfi^
(id/l «dil(ildp plinrflptrr df (idj (ntdz-r, / ptiififiiMti
♦d .m. hddlV^ <*ldp|i, Irt /wilrtt <»f ir»^f<'(ifrtfl/« Iw-
jidrfrtfd'P, )« flip «.^pddd d1rt#p! Im Iji^ H Smh, ihti
rdXdqtpxd liPldi? Kcnt'tttliy nmifim't rtf,.f frfpfp^
nidp Id flmt df ,«<f. IfPdIt. tliP ffntd In nMd«f/»(l
ON pntintn npnfUttt*, nni, HitH futtitU ItnHf hti
\\ti^ fjdrdpr Itt n Inrpt** Imy } ntid tliddgh it uptcndtn
f»*pr n Pdd»ldpfftl(fp /•'Tfprtf, n* Mr<« htimtit nttt
did cdfdlKddtt*, ypt lht< f»dpnlflfldd l< vpf/ }«-
pddiddprflldp, ttn vnliip (/ridPlprtMy p<rfdi!]«<!i Iff
lipldff n jdrtpp t(f ♦'ffdfnrlfflfiftM fitr Ihp jntffitlt^ (tt
fl(p ((PiifMidKridn iffndfflllrtd*. th^ ndff hit ll^#
licf(p((, pnrdPiddfly dd fliP fdtl «nd PtdjdtP «<'
tlip diddd. i^ dffPrt tid 9,tt<iti ti* tit tfti(\t't\nnA'
ld(» dniiKPrdii') i rtdd wliPdPVPr tldfi \n lh« htnt'f M
liffdrtl Ndindp frdid n flflfr^lnff, PrPPlPd frtf fh(^
jdiriXKP, (d ddlify Ih" vp<mp1<i wirlph mnj htt
I'Vdfd ((ill iidrl f ld(rl( n wntt<r t'tttivt-ynnt^t! ta
tlip lllvif'rpd Alidrdp, Add jrrdpppdpd, frfi Jflry/ifft*,
»d tlip /dnritnfidd i,f Kit. Nlnrn^, nn did llrtim
rp«iidpiif. (d wliddi I fi«d fi Iplfff, rtnd Whtr ff-
ppIvmI fdp wKh »(id«ip liPorly dc^rn lunlrnHdrdi ^f
wplpddip wliiph nrp pppidlftr Id Id Nnititrytn(>ti,
fill IdfKt rp*ldpripp «m/id(< Htft P puph had fidt
«d Pdllrply (ddilPrntpd Hip Jfddw1^d«p tit Ms rt«.
livp lndf{i(nj(p, fiH Id prpypdl Idn pdnvpfsidK '" '*
fniddinrly i (liddRli ffdio ldn|( ditiinA t4 H Iht^t^
wiM dftpn pvidpdpp d/ Pdd»(irrn'»«mpnt in titt/tinff
Iprttii Id PujirPM HldHPlf. Kv^fyttdtif{ tihttfit
IliU |dndfftti(di unvi^ IndiPflfldd df Ihft wp»H|f d/
Hip (rrd|»ric(dr. ShpIi «m iM nyrnrnPtr r, ifn (^x-
trpdip dPntdPd*, mid H« f»p«dty i,t il« wn1k«,
Hint It Imd didfp tlip •pppnrnnpp ttt n gnriit^n
i\fn\^ni'i\ for |i|pflii<irM« tlmn df n pldnidH^fli
IdlPddrd fdr prdflt. Tid* pTm\,ffi, hrwPvPf
WM liinitffd in ^fflry dirpplidn, PitliPr l>y th«
dMiiidtfiitw ftr tho Inil trppn lKrrd<>rinK <'f> '•»" I'M-
(dlsM I 80 lh«l Hip renidpnt wnn m mi«ih «ir
i\#4 Hlw^t* m^i^ m\\\\\ MMAm m iff
i^uu ii\ k)k\
I'lil'l,*!;! mII
iKi)
I
, m m\ t HI
ir
A iwA^^v »v\ \^^ k^[ m^
1^1^ A \\m w^^\y Hm Iv ^"'''*'«w
Mmk(^i\ WW"
\m\ w]\\^\\ \'\m
mm \\^
f mm
\ m
mm m \\\m\A lb> kit
\.W^\W *^tiH\\H\^ t,'^HW|H!«(\ll\
\m m mil
\^ ^vmmUs \v\»M
\\
\HwvM^«^(\M\Vt>^
m \m ^\ mml \\ H\ \\m% ^^ m \\\\\\
m. \uwti<A vvHU'V H ^'a\\w\ ■'* \s'\n\m t^\ M»* Hi»(ti
1 V\||V'
V.",^ W^v\^m* ' ^W »^WkHW «'^<t<h Ut »*\«'H \MM> ♦«
Vw^ ^U ^v^v^iyu^v wHvy^ \S \f M\H\ Ih (Milium
( till III
. .(Ilil Iliu \Ht»tlHiK')t ii
lit 'I,* ill, Milt) llll «*(«ll (I'll (MllttH.
ii^>|il<t|.ltiMI|lltttliilUlM ttr |llTiMn<il
n im !il(»i'.ii(it*
Hu U'liiiu, \\m\ Ww' i'iiiiijmii(1 mhIu "ltl|i \.
uihiIh tinUi'i I liilu*h nil lihi iMiMiiiri* ri'tM
m|iillihvi It t» \mMj\ (ii(itti),
iliuU... il.l. .>|,j| ,,!((, i,f ^ln |ii((((lll.
IhiI I ohij kvi(i«iiii liH fli
lIHl tt til
m tn I
iiiilt^t'
miiltil'lt
(tii^iil
''!•:
„rif,;ni
It
1)1.,,
l\|t' \A I Uit^ filjlld j'Hl tlllil lltl'll' \\\\« IIHhIIi
Il'l^tmi m\\' i\\ till" i,IMK> ulut MllN jIll'HHUill M
(jMfijt||!»l Ktlm'iiintiilii Hill) hHIw'Im Ii '
liji l.iMinlii), iiiiil »tim ijitMiiitiy ilinl|
MHiiM lilt \\\\m\ lit (MH Mttli «.llli It \\
jpitltt, I iyll HU H'tliUH jtf lihllil (III' |iui('li)i..
\\m liiijli HHiimiplliuliii'n »ili')i« hi h^uIiI m.
iiilulHiUutl li(M III Hiii»« III liiMui iiiii«ftNHij(ii
itUliHiiinj in |(ljU'|liM llMI III nilil) (ilkl(
\\\'\\\\ llijHi»i(ii»l ijiiHuhi lull id II
HM l,it ill!" KHHi'l'lHlji'll I't liU'.„
, l.t'lll MIK
il* HlKllUlim.iJlJKl
mm.,,
IH liui<|
ll«, ^"
'HHi'l'lHIIiilt lif H
\i> llHltyiU \iui>lil III l||it«)> Ilil
lilt llt( l|i
m\4m
ll>H>\v.nii| I
U'iji
1^*111 ImIUiImmI iviti
«lu'll li'lltm'il li)
Iti'i nidi) itii> (iiiM ^m\\ giHii i|{nM|iiiiiiiHiii
i(iini*i i\nli 11111111 mjliiH it»m<i>|iini, (fn* i<M.!i«,
'" - '■ ' • ' il illHi' H i»J(l(IIM(» |)f (.ihF
I'll.
il(\M lillll t'lHlHI'lli |lil.WN(»f< ilfl|
o« liHiKlii'i iliilljMN I fm mi imu
tjillllluil ill lif l!|l*H|i(liiitll|ll^]il, ii.|
iii'im IiiihIv ill U(»i(U M'fiMl lllii|i"i!ii
IhIiimI u,HiI IiH^" (IiiIIiih, iMijI «f(jM(^|Mi
ijt «H|ii»fliii ti(l( ivJilMi ii
'ill
1'
^tilii Wnllitt liiil Ijjili'U
'IIIhI liii'
Mil" miliv wiivii
litiM'i
ili>ii
liliiini
t:
'I*
r
Itj^
iftf.W
ili|ii|i
t!l
I'd
Mii|tth(<ilii
I I vuiiilil hiky il)(« ilil . ...^
(ii ilm>lliilii^, liiillliiliKlMiitHiil|»l>i'l
'M milin<llilii(t ii'M Tliln «\vj(|n
ii-'nli'iiiii«, \y\m\ <vi<ii' l|ii< iii'til ijiy (iniiii(M,.j
H>« lii|\«Uiit«HHl(i Hull IliM j<iii(tflti«(t'( icf ii.i1
^MH iuitl »» It'iil^ I'ii'dll it|i vuiiilin'w III' l'i|i|»iiKi
Mil' |.)l»'i linil, i»i((i(i(Hlni( I \\m\w Mil' '•lilf 'i"i'
\MiiiM l<i> wililmuit \m liliii Hi |it|th m I h
iUli'll'il «l llll' 'M\|l>. |ll> i'Hl||l<l(l(t|ni»i|f llih II I'
liiv ii^iijii'ii (vvlili'li «!iN ||n<ii ftlvitiv |(t|li I
|i't('«h l\»(' llll' iiii»((t nivi'dlliMi w IiIm ftilmii
l*l|l \\\ H lt'V\ «Vi!i.lt« nh|t(, |l(<Vtt|tl|' W(»«(ifth
l\U« ijwi (tl'Vl'llll llllt||Hi(Mi
ili(< tiH)lliM III I III' lillli'i
iiinili
(iMlltll't ||"»H l|n>j
llll, llllVlll|f tVMtliul
lilvll l( l'lll«fllt )llltll
hIK' liHllljtlif
li»i% I ll(v|('iiiilm«il
»IU'
(Mi llll' '^i^Hi iif |til<i iiiiiiilli n ini'iiOCnl Kli'M«<
<Vrt» MllHlYll MVl'l Itll' liMVII It* lllC ttllldcil lli'll'
u|' llii'li I'm'I'IIi'hI Uin'Miiiu, (li'iii'iid Mnlinid
itlli'i' m \\\wm% iif liirly i«lKtit Iiiiiit4, fn n hM>4
III llll* ftdVlMUliit'iif l)llil"^^, liilii^ Willi lilrti'l. i/
wiHl low* |tf jlljlllml IU|M'M llll ('licll t||ll(i nl' |lit|
I'Kllln. OH' li,'(l\ I'll III ■ildii' ml I'lin Hull, iniil llll"
wrtH (uImkmI Willi inlHImv l\imiiur», iinil i'v'i'tt|
li«iH«i'l(inlili' ili'iimmtlcnllun of i'MIi(»H, Up um
i'\ltU"<-il'll II wUli, H|i»( tiU flKK'fni Mjihilii't iiiinh'r
iu>l »»in'i'i'ii Mililv i(nl|iit(«t '"tl *!• Iilifti n ••"•)""'
WIW IMilfHUlillil IIM III* ClimHI'ICf ftdll Hfn'M'*"'
llin) Mii'H'm"*'!!!!'!! «(» Itf A (h'l«<r((«li(«noiilli(iN"|
Mill!
Imi, l(tivlii(f \VMl(i«ii ti
lin «iini/i(f III* imti ('/ ^'fifN'^ fi
|f(! (HI » tHfilltmi't'Of 'flHlii Mn/((f (l
(j I III II HiM(if|iliii'i'»M 'iiHIM Mnj()|
(liidfiji (If MdM ill ff'('/'h'(t Ml ft*(((il«(|»
i|i ((U|"HmiI llf III" Ifi'Ol /KiH »•' iJ"
tdiiiiin, (H*' ImiiIc wih («li((i fiHiri Hit-
I'll!
ff(tit (III (lih (Ml rt<(Jf(il , , M
Mills
((. hi"
fill 0«l/
'(M (i((lf(
(/'/I*
I li* (III. I/iHH |i(tH »•• til"
. . , Mil' lliitll' WlH IHlilll .
,'ilflliMJ Hillli'nf III <lH»('h«#«( wil'l
"!
Ml
MUD /Itlllfft ll(|tl, l(lHlfl| «fMV*'(f Hi llif
, l| (•»)|(lj»f (Vtlf (Ifllllliillll'llll Im ^ (llllllof
, iiiinii'i,ii «ii|(i)i|iii| K ii'i 'I'ly" rt"
l|i() f^iiilKili Ifliii'lifti l(i|«ii(ff)ji1(Hii «)f|i/i(i
mijtii I'liiiiii'itufl /<f i'(f?iiii(ii(|'*o> IfoihiiiM
III (ill' m "fill" ^f<*t'<«l t'''«'''("M'*i '<'« '<
fW^ (||«(|M'I'( /(If f|(M (jhl'ljlHM/ ^».lll|^W(iMlfi|M
[PjiIII t^(ll(|W«lll, Hill! ki ''f. ••'r dill! I!
(HI
. Nil* , ,
if lIlM liHjdiiKl, t^lfll (lit'lf IMllft^fs ((iiMhfl
)il llltll^ llltllt)l(< IIM
(|.«(0<('I fliKII ftl.l iifll'lll/ M
iiiiif filing iiitiiHir' |il«i, S((Hl fl III
. ,,.«(o.('i fiiKii fill i>(ii'i't/ '** *'' ihn^iinii\
JIimI h. I'n'i'i"* l^'"' '" '••' '"Miii'i"Mi(i ii'i
|() iliilh fiil(ll|'fit iKiil .'I'ltll'' *t!i''fi IV'fn
. (lf<((1llllN(» Mf (ItM ClWIIt^fl i^'lfllt, iU^ll
'ii(h'i) itK^if idrtiitt^ii'd III miiifiiuiiiii* it«i
il HIKl ^(iMl'llft* (If »*«(
(('if« n^iiw jtiviiijif iM« Hilif<m ii( ii>
ml I'/iiiiii's^ fill' tt/iiii'liH/i iii^c IN rtii "«.
iif I'liiili'ii'ti'l iif li iUifi'ii'iti Idiiil A
III «llt|l l|Mil, fl'lll/ll ll|f ((Itt'll^ «"' I'"
"(i. «i|ii(|il(Mii rtiiiT ffiit Inrirt, (ittiUHrt)'
(llMt'llCIMl'll fif |fl(V/l t^i'll^df /^ilfft« III
mill liiHii Miiiiiiil iM»»"l '^•1 "ftll ^^Kl"
Hll* ii(ji|)li||Hl| IM ( li/Mi" ( (llilt rt1llui'ii!li
fill fiHi i(|iiiiiiiiti|il(ij( jiliiij III" iinin
i iii.NN<'fi«(| fii (iij«riiiii f'li* m ifiiHi W(if'
||it iiiiif itf<l*^f(]iffi'<fi'<i< tVliriid «i'('i?lt«' N
oK^jirtdiy iif i|iMiii(itiiii(i(>i, (Vfi(f *vji^(t
wllfi liili'/|«i' ImIi'CdM, Ml" fpnU 0|t
(llIlM lift vVjIfl llll' fll^l «( IfiC
jiiii'i. flic r,«ni'rt«l"^, ('r*l<f/
l(.!, fiii««(!if 'Il (ii<)U III liliri (iiiiIn|i'<1) flirti
W *<
b ffiiiri tic^ liKmilnliJM j^iiNrti'l) ii^ii fiKil
^iifi<, riitm III*. Ai|i1i|i(|(|l, Iff (ifly ((1III1,
mill flK-il liof lii-drt/M/li^ *V|lfi fti IIIIlK
■fill fhcfi' lif'li'i* nil llfll^ f<lt ffipi'dUupt
m h!iIm (^ii( 111 ■^nh', »vlill(> fh'' iili' f»'
J with |lii> aIiiimIn riiiil jilfiiliiMlloiii nf i.hl^
rtl'i'l IiimIIIIiuIc, fl l« (limi nil Id /'(irtnUk^,
Vm dill Ii ftiriii|f1rtlil(' lir'diiil^lilf'i* I'imiIiI M
, ffi.iYi ill (lliiifl « (Ihlnril'P. (IffUlftlif K"
mIi|o('I wiiiiiMit i1("«ii'/i^yin(< iri rtriit ilini
iiImi'ImI iMi lii)iiry, «i'i>fiiMl illftiiml rtilfil
Tl|i< uhlfi Wrt« iiiiiiiiilliilcl/ \Vrtr'«iwl up,
ffifMl fihrti' III Oi« ^iiitfil iliJji fliil llii«
f'iiifi(fiiii1ii('i> wrt<i dcl^riiilricil nui fn
iilimP In MiIi«i"|ii'Iniv Ami) rt1lliiiiij(1i \,U
|M (if mii'i'M* Ki'iMMi'il rt") li(t(»(<lMi« n* lllfl
iif tm ffdinliKiKlifi' hud donn \t\ ihf
Kit, hf -(iMtl III hli IiiiiiIh rthiiiil liMi ii'chnik
Hw i<vniiliii(, iif vVhlili Wf hurl niiflcii l>y Ihi^
I'HIiiii'Ii mun lhi» (i(nrtff1 nhlp rtiiil ti'iiiu l\ti*
[|»)l1, In rtnrtnncn <it lh»«ip, n'lniiMy mri'ii'il
mp iiff, whtliMlii* ("few mimHmml lhr«iriM«'lvi»H
Fin micli pi^ff**!'! dtiffty, lltrtl ih«< hA>Vcr\<'rti
Iril Iii1«lrt|f rt Hut ivf th«« nfllclfK cKmnirtlnK
jljtiHiii III iirtd 9irf?f("f i"lll/iw'*ff i^'w
f(/(i hill /)Mf.(lif',wi«'MT, •ml W
W «i> 'i.tr|l ((f
fl»-M^ fHflUllf'i
III (ili^ j/il/<' f
lul'U ll^l'fllj I'fl'
f Wh(f||iiitl;f.fi
H(iMil'i|j (/' ''i/i'fl ni'Wii f^m III ,v,
i(«iiiif i(Mii«Mili (Kiif i>im' f». w pUiinti'if t(ii%H
(imi fdii Ill 'I iiifff uiti.mii'M'.i, iiiM II
iihtu IhKhm «< M^tfil (If {ji>* pm^m ^mHfifl i
ihH', ti'iliHiUt
1. fill (ill/ (/ll/c
I'lul'm il^i'fliji'l
KMiiiih Iif Wi.(|||il|tl;f'»i
fifllil ii( (f'l(iMil(i|j (/' f(j|t(« ^('(i','/ i^Mo^ '!< .|»;»,
l|/)(4
'lirtd"
r/ii-M^ h'liimiJi iiiHi^(if*t
I 11
I ((l-chWl I') Hllfllltl'IH 'III
I fill (ill/ j/ll/c Id <l(|(i"/i!l
{(till, i'(j((i(/ iifintj (•ff"7'»K(iH')^'«>i, II'I* kU' ill *.h«
|(( (.iii»'ijiiif fM
(If i(ii'iii/i(((i/f'U«' I'l** 'rtlo. '/''"''i It **(|«lu'(ii«ij(iu
llm/. III liifi'il lliij /iii((*ii(irtl \ini\ '•'»'(/ '<l|fn{v
Id ( flit HI I III" Ic'f'if't Hi" iiiii'lii'ii itf \Uf> IhlHr
i;ii(ir«li Wl(|i AdiClMiy'if imf>ii},i>f.i)icul, iihiiim
//d'iitii('i< (Ut* vfijii'i II' i\, mi Ui tit^ §ifiift<ftjif
fM'i«fii II, !(/ fh'' Pifi i'("4 im<ifUim/i m m.
uifw (if til'' I 'dM"t Mhu'^, W(i« till* miifit /'"i'fl<''<i
Aijltii^ 'Id miiiJMiiMJnt^^0^%
<<iiiM/f ifiM i/iiHd(li^ f ild/ilc"), Kfi'f 'Id ^^^f/^iia^
iHiilii^NtiiH it'im ill III/- iii'rtii flwx*, nu'fi'iinjf
Id III" /ijKdllf Iff (fc|(»'li"f, Hii' f^nifll'ili ftirnQfifl
vViiiil nlT Wllfdiijf (i>i|(i^ fi'|iiv<<l( m pifihi't, l«.
Ml" i^'kI i'lf Id thi' di'i! Ii'i'iij* III Mhij^tf, nm
iji i|(« |dli^li)irt(ili|j[i'(i'('nl|/'(f Mif« imitf rfmH'i'
ill Mti'ii »lii*ii If ami nun pCiuit^pnUi/ trmu ihh
','9«lil|l« 111 i'(mil)((J| •umi'h, |)i')/ r»«/) (;Ud/l/'/i
lli^ filtd lit miHii* r»iu)\\h»i Hfr/T ifiA mifUnii //f
(iirtiy ,
HiC hhii'bllltli Mil llf'-ii f(«l'.ll.1 \iidA^$f(^
itVd *^'l»(id Md'^ft «rfly<'(l " firtli'idrti ('itt^'^Hti/im
JUh 11 f f«iil|fi Hdil (! f ffjdiNiir^f* ililfT, f^)^ mfn
Idflfiv fh" gi'df'^iil tNtiif Iff tM ftl«#« tbi«/
ftiirii(i'i II/ (>jl /iijfll'ii*, wiMi jM if'')ii"''"d'''l vt-
([l"ir I jiih! Mi/iI Ifdrn i^/fti fin jii)f/,Mlir»ln !> ii |f '</'(#
)(iii (If nil ll(lh(«l«il'it( fif ililt^'iiJlhvK fi«i*nis« (,ffft
ffMi/'h )«ni1 Afdi'i'H^Ufi (ttrVM-nrr./'iT/d fhlfi liMi
i^nn A " |idfi«(i(ffifn9f.lMd m^viniH/ fl» l»^ WiiMfl
I'ty Mil* Arn'*rl"nfM hi^r/*, ti'it lon^ ^rh ^'if'li'- th|ift
(III ptimi* (<iin»'iihfnUi'n4. f(tff W0I A hHi ^*
stroll h|^ |fW< /Ktllvdlifrt rtfrif (/Wn^f'ii fff ^KtM
il'Mi«, \^iidni' ircifilK/i/i iv^iiM hw ^n^i/ftu^ Irt
\'iilii" h/ rth iipiii inltifi'iiut'itt' '^JIVi Mifl (/frOi'Vf
•^Mldi*, tiHif" Itmn hy iTll thf^ fiMili-nt"! iif fiurtrffH
'-"intilddrt, ft/«rtef' ihft fifrtfil' r ' n'/i'if fn^fd W
fi'lffKl i>i/< nrrt^^iff '/f *»! Ami'fi'rti' ttrW^\ffim IM
^hrtf Ihiil ('iil'h tiM\i\ii(tii\ iint> ,Ai,um hi»V« it Mri.
it»tr)<'y l|; in'iihffijf hOjIllifU-ii
ffi l,hi\ i>inif*t} of thtf ffifin^h Iff t^tf^i^mt^t
rtfi'lvi'it flin f'rfnflwriii*' /n^Vitf*^ «m4i/^flri|^ Mf
(K*!/!*, DiX rtrt*f fnilli ^'i.m|Wdy*ii nhift i(fi)if 'ni4
Aii\im \/i/}iUh ^fiiiltiil in ihf ruptiirf *^ l.fil«
ihljf v*'tll rifdii iiffi'ini(«il IV^ mff^if f'Mvirtc^niii >fr>/f
K«lln(il, ^hli'lt t>)^ nuvnl «finl»1<i of fiwy ('tmiiif^
ffi<<tr<\, (tiiif v*)»Uif» /'VPM i^»ff<rtim vfirtiM hiWiliy'
hiivf* ri«1<'-'1, hH/1 hi* h^^'n HWiiff^ ftlirt M« *n*)»jf>v
nlnf hp/l mof" Midri Hifl itWft ^i/ifrtjifflrri'-n* *»/
ifi/'fi for I* f'»it)ip«fiy'i« nW(». Hut, »n *(/f4lfl/»ii Mr
I he or^liiinry mvnM, nf ttf(,ftiAtiy »r»/), (Wcru ihK
iffiojw iinfl p«MM»|!fii^i», mi6 Mtpff. ^fif^ fM M^
M
MihVfttAMHS vntAnir*
lVH»i<pt'-t*rtnttkt>'H, rtMt< «rt»f fH>» rt»1v«Mi«|t* "nr hh
ift\ti^tt Uy ntnvrt^. (vn>l whifh i« ttnMMWr»< tw mv
ttrtVS'«^\ rtf tV^ip lr>rtWm«H«^W', tirtWf VV»V hi» WAV \s^
jf*H1ii^^ <¥k t\\t» SVrtV^t^ Vi'^rt \N-YM»1\^ WIKVV ^«»t*tt *»rt»T«
f6 i\\* i'i*\SiA\-K W-ft^ WiS^ M^VV p^vrtt. rt» sh«« «-rt»
!«^>^^ jwlwr^^ftMy vvith ^i<1<wy «\my»^ '^«»» of
A mi xNf i^<> t«;rttt\w^i jp^wr^-ftr* \^«w>\i\s, w^^^t*^^ \s^
iMiA n\ti\ i\\^ t^Vviy \vs h\s\^\-^s^Mi' its y\\* rtwtt
vWi ^1% 1^•fl^r\1yv, With «\>\M^n<«i tM^ ItW.Ortrt
\Ao^>iii '«>\ mvt'^*^ *^A ty\'\fty>V w-«* »r>yt <\ft hy i\w
nCr.
rt\^ ^1^1^ \>\\tv.^ !«t«<v«i ihn^ hy fst^\v\>«hy*^>w<-
iW WYvfr^iy. >>ii1 <y»rflV>»1nAH\-. tho furl of
tWiV wmK Mirt^h ftfl SW\V>iyvi1 M Rfr^^f'oW <^Ortii^.
x^^^it^lN i>H»y hnA w^ ■it* ih<^ 1^\y <^i l^o^iR-.^l. tvw<-
eA }(»N'«»«tly "t<% i^wtm^iY « ^^Mif^ fiy-^mi^ tiw^tv^s
touring ihv ovi<ity»Ynv> M lW»* #-<'^«f* A T^<^«
♦em w^>«'stvwfw>v >^•«s wvs^*w«M ivfi H^>»«vig"#s ii^
««■« rt vrt-y Hniflltlt', Bi-t-ttRrmt, nmi |i|iv«iri
l>i»«iMnil it'mit, wlti* urti an mfttntfitir ntttifliJ
rrt|»«rtlii of I)ti1|iiitiis. Ni» sniitu't ttnn jir)
thh imiii'i-. Iltrtit, li)fil))rtltlf' of i«lt|t|iH"i<!!nBl
\Vli»tli, IIP Rrtu' Vf'iil tit It It) till' \\\m\ tttir
nbitilvi' Irttimmni', ilhri'trtl li» rt juiltin MoitiMil
\vlif» ltn|»ni>iiril ♦(> l)c lltp ttnly AMtftlinnl
'('l(rtt»j|ri'. I'lin i>n»i<<Pi|ilPHi'p win n I'lutllr
ihi'V ttipf llip ttpti »ii<K(l«j(, ntnl rmittlit nt
iUp \m'H tll'^tnot, wl»pnll»p rin»inl(Hrf Htne^
iiTPlvpit \s\n niJvni«n,»y'R Imlt, MUgmiiillv.
rtin>, wHIpIi Irtlil liliit »ni r«)t- »l» wppltx
Mo^t»»«lrt« p«prt|ipi| tittlhJtURti. VVp p)ti»ptlrii|
nftptwiititu, [\\ (m IntPH'rtnMP «lMi Imp
irvntn. niuhhi^ Itut tin- pivlllty md jtollin^
which rttf j>»ovpt-l»lnlly hp«H'h.
Si>mp «imp \\\ thp \\\im\\ of Upppmlu-i,
j)H»p »l»li» RpHt \vn« noltl to ft OiiHP 11)1 111.;
t\io)»snhii MiMP )io»)ihptl tli)llrt)«. StioK MJ
x^lUcli "^hp wrto iMit \m fk)r tVplpht t>)f lrati)ii|»|
hpl»\g Prtilp«t thp ri-o^ltPttt, rtUil Hrtvltig tttttofn
ti\ hpv tlip j)rtitp|« nfn MiT|trtf thrtt mm, Dfnll
ih»r« ht«»ibpA ton* hiuthpM. \\\\\ rtt tht«
(V\v )\p(no«s wpvp iIpsIwu") of n-plttl)th) j t"l
nHip 5 rttu< rtll t;)^nnhl«»-P»1 ihp H?k lort |i[ii'ii|
i)\{« \-vmpK hothrtn tt^'PiMint of llip iIpHpIihI
<Vp t-ptniwitp jM\jApt-!», mA of thp iitohoofti oti
i^p)\t tt) tnKp r\'p«ph \Amt)prty. Movp (lis
m\M\\ \m\ i'\a\sw\\ liilpf this !«hlj» «rt« nirj
to upppivp A omji;iH )<«»l «o«p \m\ hpp» pirJ
\v\»Hp thp »<Al\y P\|»Ptt»P« WPtT» ftt|»l>lijr POtJ
S^^g ♦^^'^ o\Prti\>« lo»Hsj)p«*rthlp f\\\- |mttl«n hpi ii*a
\ iviIpv thp"(p plhM»m?>t)\«rp«, ovpvtutps \vp)r J
to M)-. Shn^pv rtud my!»p|f to bright thtt slilfj
rhislM^ly. ivoil \Mti\ A jiftvth'^lnr lUH-pn^tMrnt,
«o l^^>voVi\ im^iiPt iy ov j»ft««p»\iii:t'v sooohl l)r \\
0)\ ^^Ort^'^l lVvm» wpif h)\t lo (iti>|mHh))) dj
v)!»K I ihp ftppowoiottntloon i\n- ootupivp'*
»<>l\iplO\)<> A\\x\ ti'^jMlMn ( t\\P phttMPP M thpii^
nMO'SP SOxNtt 0|>P«IOH \\\\\\ AlMPVil'A UIH't'Ht
ft«i\ wp \\m\ hoth hpoi^oip pi^onlly tlvpti of ix
of \ttrtPtlvUy» tiM ^^f o\o tT»l»h««p)^ rtt thp '
iN'Attpp. N\>, thpvpfoir. pop^n^tt to i\v\%^
th<* t\\\\s, m\\ 8t\«\»lrttpi< to KftI) \\\ n\\\\
fw'WW thp AAif of t1\P in^Otl-rtPt.
0)Oi«A thp ivo\ttlO(Wv ivf this ««>! thp p»"
w^ooth. tWiv wrw «pvvvrtl rtn-IVrti* (N-ooi Vm^
\\\w)\ ««AV\SP)i A ll»P lO thl^jHWyof li)P|)1^)(l\li1
thp \^\hy\A of f\l>pp)\ or i\\T>«ty i)AV op»t
(VA!<<^')\^ hvlg ^^^^)o |^0)oh<>o. with fiioctppd I
A\r\\ h^gs )Sf ^(M^Vp. wax phAH)[»\< 00 sh)Mv ti-i
!?W!l-hsh ^^i|J,■rtto, OPrtv to tltttp HhPVj nn^ii
Nx^^sspI AO»l ^0^^^^ Of thP Prt)gM XWVt lout.
AWiioAtiiW Mi\ \mmv wiMV nlvvo to tl)p !«x
of thp ^^Uiv hy iV \xNo)\ft )0P0 AttArhp)! (<^|
tx\•^^ OAtu'oM ship*. Srtt)0-rtUMP AOil (ipO|»i'«
«n<1<>v \W. iMmo\fti\<l of Mow»|)i*o»- \h\\\\\\\.
hAil tx^Mchtsl hp\>P oi\ thi^ nn\t«' trt Npw HpIIi
Artil thP TAdt^O OxN-Att, \V« A XiWA^ of <liS)W'j
Atti\ Mnx^wt^tip \vs<!A\\^h. Thp ^\\\^n m \\\M
AMt) CitMMP.IUtM. ( NrPHf-Wmi"*;
|rcimirtn»l|«nil«||Hie tlMlipJImn comiMpttc.
|Ml»'t-|>fl!«e of BPtPi-nl ypur^ thi^fifloMi ii««l,
I I pniiitl Jiitlup ff'tti n ''iu-f«ory oltsprtn-
Itp. ttrtN luttliliitt Hiiittrdfil ttiUi Mif fir-
.1 Hmf inMiiilspil <it «'lil ♦o Uin •tnflonnl
\bf ♦»» te|ti»» the n«|»Phsf, (if the fniilp-
C1IAPTI5H X.
j»mt(« rut ili»|iiiHtiH'. — ItemiitUnh IliB t»ln
_iJf(».- I»« itlmiUtlittm. - (!rtmt«i»'ft*l«l mltrdtt-
U-A tii(i|{.fil^htr>il iifMiiiiHup. Amlnltln phn-
1 bf Him )rt(t« notPt-Mttr --lnllMM»n'f»tf pi-kfi.
IllirtHi.— Jiltnldit-limlnH f)<r lltit^upp. - " Old
nin'f ♦nnfM." -A t'''<i«lHni'miti-H«t.— Itifl
[wf lite rti»iiHi« -An-itdl nti t(t« pnrt^f of Ni.f
-Uttplpnintit illxntitprt.-l'twfi"! In IMiflu
y tfiitn llm ulilp. — ('(Ulttii* nwtdtn.-
! i|)n»lllNHr'll. — A (iJIPittntlfB of tlio flly —
|milMi«. • Nittlimiil (i»iflUI«. - iJbMflM
Ipitttt. -('hrtt-nitn»- tiflliB UrttiPK.-tititK ttf
B (•llMrltt1«. -AfMtttI Mf l(lP«hlf1«t littflPtl
Ite-Snlw nt tit" imt^it.— MittitUMWiB |if»ill(<».
RHtttI ttf ttiy i1p|)rtf»iiin now ilrrw timtr,
»fcr»1 fttrwnrri to It with Rt^Pitt itiittntlpttrp,
M'hpil thfl tttWltUp ttf Mnrph, tpti ttintithi
1|t|p(ri| nltiP»» titjr itt-rivnl n tpriii rptl-
Mltlottitlly tPiUtttt<t fVtttti thp wiitit of op-
h Dittltig thU tlittp no o|t|itittiiiiity littil
of |»iittl»tn Itito ptppiitlon thp jtlitM \
^|ptti)ilittp(l tttt Ipitvlttv Cnlriiltnt nttit,
Ity flrpitiiittnopps, I who ttow itftnlti
Itttfittft pvptj- thlliir. witlioitt thn ttniinl.
U'ovptlhn ntty pitft of thp tl^k Ity fit«tir-
liiottlil MP iiiilvp nnfp 111 lliittHip, ttty
\\t)\\\\\ lip tioiph jytpftlpr thntt I potihl
|)jr hitvp 'hopptl lit |itt!iHi<fi4 nl Ihn oiitiipt.
liihl fitll t«t (to mt, til- tihiiiihl lip iiitpf-
nii fiiinllHli rritHnr ntiil ponHptiiiiptl,
'|)ro|iPtly, whiph hrtil liPPtt upttt hetttip
'in, woiilil niiiouiit to iiiorp thntt iIhiiIiIp
<|»liml ittiHlt flom hntipp. 'rhito. tlH.i»)rh
Uttit «t hnritnl « n« tttpnipr, lt« ln«N notild
IiIpiI with ttrtilP III iliP ilinti-pn^liin Ptiiinp.
whiph minhl linvn tpmiltptl fnttii tht»
[ihp |m»|iptty In nn pnillpr ntnpcp of thp
OP. Thp<ip piiimltlpt-iilloiiN (tipiilly iH-
' Ihi* ittixipty nt hnvlii)( ti Iiii^;p iiorlion
It'ttittP itt hn^Kvilt nttil rppiiiipth>ii hip tit
fthp t'lok. Miifpovpr, oiir uhlp wn« no
^Itil ittRilp «o wni'UliP nil n)i|tpitffltipp, thnt
JHtw httt littlp pIiiuipp Ihitt niiv niiliiPt- Irnk
[ftlirntp >vonhl «|i|»ronph witltin fpwli of
M •
I^K Avt-ppit thnt wp Rlioiiht nvniil, If iinMi-
InKliig; niiy vpk^pI, niiii Oml wp Rlimilil
lti>tig witv to thp Ritiith of tlip Citito of
lopp, \Vp itptonuliiPtl nlitii (o nvniil upp-
nplpim or A^ittPttnlon, or IiiiIpimI nity Iniirl,
k«> liittPttf htNlttft Kl^ht of Dip IhIp of iliiiir<
n«) nhnulfl itpi> tho Imtil Ahotit Fitir liln
I nnil Itt'forr pottiltipf mi with thin, to
4$
mnUf A httig iWW|» to Ihft ncnlnnti, and npttnaok
(hid (in(i<i«i^p ort «»i fMtPtlf poMMe. With ntten
iirppHiitloiii »»?• potKlflpfpff the pfotiftppt to htt
lolPMtlilf fitir, p«i|iprlfllly If thp (ihip Mil**! tw wftll M
rpportpil, of tirrivliijjf Iti'snfHydt our (lp»tltiP<< pnti,
llpfofp iiotlpltiR thin pMniitP, It U proper id
uny KoiftpHiliiR of tlip hlp of Frnnpp, nfi'l It* go-
rproiiiPtit (1(1(1 ppiiplp. Thp vny tiif(f(t;tt, fnoiin-
tiiliniiis, ni«l Irrp^iddr «ppfi(irnnpf ptrnffttfA to
tlip TOy(t|tcr on « Ilr«t »1p*» of thff (die tit
I'rsnpp, would tmliiffllly Pdii^P him to Iie1l«t«
HiHt It podid not lip wpII ndnpted to agrlpoltiife.
My « itMtt-pr vIpw, howpvpr, hn will hft oodp.
ppIvpiI. Thp linmrlnttt vnllpys which tfieH his *l«w
(tn tip pHdxpii nloti^ to Ifcwitd hetwenn Hottttfl
Ulrtod nod tlip port, iifid the womntlo htMfmt
dodlily nurpprtlilp to omp who hns hrfift long »i Mii
will poiivlopp hiro thnt thprp In no tUmancf m
Intid whioli Ik iirlKPil hy thp ngrlPiiUtifM. And thlf
opiolott will lip pooflfoipd fiy TlsHIng the jfto-
diipllfp potion, poirpp, fltid Indigo plflntiiiMiiui«
atirl Mollping, Hiofpovpr, th(» profftfrroMK ctiltlti-
tlon of thp plovp« of wli«;flt, nnd of (ndinn cofti.
Thp uppiirp Itf f liouf of I'ort Nofthweit gItM t«
(lip Nhind grpnt ponioiPfflnl advnntiig(>4 oy«t th«
nioi-p fprtllp, tint) in thin rp«pp(!t< lM.< fnvonfwi
IsIp of Moiii'lion t for tlip prodnop of thfi Initer Is
priiiplitnlly (rnn«portpd to thp Isle of Frnnpc fof
piiihnrkntion for lllnropp, thin hping thootht i
^iiinllcr Iticonvpnipiipp thno to lond the ships In
Its oppii mi\ dnngproos fondntpsds. Th« t^WM
foniipily pjillpd Port IjokIs. nnd more reee' i^jr
I'ort Northwpst, is sittnitetf oh the eiwtern ifitt-
gin of tliP linrlioiir} whpnre it nttends hadt
iipnriy n oiIIp to llie Chnniti de Mnrs, a spa^ktui
lipid dpnlliiPtl for the exercUp nod the rpview of
tiiio|w. The view from the town is litnited on
ttip north nnd nmith hy hilln, on whitdi are made
tliP dlgnnU to dpttole the npiironph of vessels}
on the east, hy thosp vpry irrpgnlaf monntalnsi
f^nllpd I'iptpr-lloolh, the Poopp, and Piton-dJti.
tnillPii-dp-ri|p, wlilcli have an elevation frotti (he
sen of tlii'pe to four htindred tolses i and on the
west, liy I he ticpatt nnd an nnlnterrtipted hoflaem,
Tlie lioosps niP, with very few etpppllons, fnilH
of wood, in n uvai, pretty style, and generally of
one story. The pulilic liiiildingn are commo«
(lions nittl nsefdl, fnit are not of a deseription tq
nil met theohservnllon of a stranger } exeepting,
perltnps, the goveruioent-hoiiNe, which Is spa-
eloiis and airy, and Is so situated as to eommand
n One view of Hip hnrltonr and shipping, 'fho
s(re(>ts are rpgnlar, of g(tO(l hrpndth, generftltv
plenn, nnd ninny of tlieni are ornamented with
trees. The lin/.nnr, or tnarket for meat and ve-
getnltlps, Is on a large s(|uarc eontiguoui to the
govprntiient-hoose. It ntfords Itut a scanty
pIioIcp of entnlilc;), nnd those not the hest (ti
tlipir kinds, nnd Also indicntes great disregai'd
of thnt clcnniiness which is particularly desirafile
nnd proper in a market-place. The nnmher ()t
inhnhitants ninonnts tuaoout thirteen thouaandi
two-thirdsof wlinin are slaves.
There was ai this time a yersun at (he Isle i^t
46
tii.ftvfcLA»ii*ii VdVAnes
h««W. yf\ww wm\p, I hiive fbrgottpti, Mho be-
lieved himself to he imsspssecl of a powet to dis-
cover rthlects «t sen, spvpiul hundred utiles fur-
ther off lh*n any other person eoold tee. He
{iretettdpd to see vessels so dlstrtot to windward,
hAt thp) would only arrive, according to his cal-
tulfttlon, In three or l\»nr daysj and as they
oflen did arrive ronfhrmahly. xvliiih, fTotrt the
fhequency of his predictions, was not surprising,
he made many converts, tf they failed to come,
it did not phjve that he had not seen them 5 hnt
that they had passed hy on their way to India.
The man evinced that he was eqtmlly deluded
With others, hy afterwards putting this faculty
to a fair test, thrr)ugh the means of the Imperial
government. They sent him out In a frigate,
ftttd the ne9it dny sent another, with an under-
itandlng that they were to come within fifty or
ilxty miles, and then approach till they dis-
covered each other. In the meantime, the
watt of long sight was on the look-out, hut
Mras unable to discover the other fVlgate at a
greater distance than the generality of the crew,
Attd consequently was obliged to take his station,
itt this respect, with other mortals.
The (5o\Trnor, who had lately deceased, mm\
for whose memory the Inhabitants appeared to
entertain the most pn>t\)und respect, seemed to
have been peculiarly fitted by temper, disposition,
Attd judgment, fi>r the \^ry tro«d)lpsoute ami
difficult times In which it was his flestlny to
•Ct. A more despotic cou\mander, one accus-
tomed to the promptitude of military obedience
*ttd stwttuous to exact It, wimld Inevitably have
(tetished In the early period of those turbulent
times, when liberty was understood to be the
vmcoutrolled indulgence of ex-ery oassion ; and
each day art\)rtled some pi-actlcal illustration of
this belief. In these times of anarchy, General
Malartle vx-isely viclded to the storm which he
MtW it wo>ild be (iestnu^tlon to i-esist ; and by an
Ituparent acquiescence in measures which he
^aapproved, softened or anteliorateil, as much
M possible, those acts of the doiuinaut party
^which he could not contwl, and which he saw
iPdttId he li\jmiou8 to the pwsperity of the
iaUnd. This dominant p-- ty were the Jacobins.
Professing to be e\clusi\-ely the tnie ftiends of
liberty, they did not pe»"ceive the tyranny of per-
secuting and denotmclng as traitoi-s all those
dtiKens who dared to expivss opinions opiwsed
to their own.
In close alliance, and amalgamateil with these,
WM* the enynatmi's and privatcers'-men ; a nu-
merotiB class, composed of dashing jx)ung ad\-en-
turen, whose object was exclusively the acquire-
ment of fort\ine, unrestrained by any law, moral
«r ^vine. Yet these JennMi pem, as they were
Ceiled, were g«tMty of no acts of cruelty that I
MW or heard of; hnt, on the contrary, i>ehavc<l
in many instances, towards those whom tortwne
iMd ^rown into their power, with a generosity
uMA ^M» hiritly bonmirable to them. As an
li denct of ute' influence which these ffttnes
^m* possessed over the mind of the amM
superannuated Governor, they, fbr the
purpose of securing as ffootiprh^ a rich Amo.
vessel, which had oeen sent In by one of m
privateers, Itiilucctl him to commit the riilinj
itct of formally declaring war against thn I'nl
8>ftfc8. As this ileclaratlon did not np|ipJ
any of the periodicals of the time, I infer, (
It was not known beyond the limits of]
Island.
This opinion is, moreover, strengtlicncii^
its ceasing to he acted upon as soon as iIipJ
Ject for widch It was made was secured in I
fornt. (\ar, while this act was In fhll forrJ
American ship arrived from France, cnnil
with the flag of the United States diRplil
and was adntitted to entry without a questim
the proprietary ; the cargo was disposed of, 1
when the vessel was ready, a clearaiirc [
given for lleuRal, with as little delay anil inrj
tatiou as If tliR public authorities wen*
qualnted with the hostile act in question. Il«
it was apparent, that the government Ii8ii|
disposition to enforce the observance of adJ
which had been extorted fhim It 1 and wp
coidfl not fail to be pn^udiclal to the linn
terests of the Island. At the same time it j
not less apparent, that the party possessn
nmch energy and strength as to control (lie}
vornment wlienever It was for their lnt('ipi|
to do ; while their respect for It was llmitM|
the observance of unimportant forms.
there(V)re, less surprising that they shoiil*!
committed sonte acts of Injustice and
than that they should have beenrestrainetlj
any bounds, which arrested their progress ivj
pursuit of fortune.
The preparations for expediting our ship I
advanced so slowly, that the 20tli of MarolilJ
arrlvetl bcl\)re every thing was in readlnofn i
gale of wind, amounting almost to a hurrin
which caused the ship to bring home lior I
chor«t and almost drove her ashore, was i
cause of embarrassment t the difficulty of(
lecting the great number of men required I
such a ship was another ; while each additiq
day's delay added to the chance of the an
of the blockading squadron, which would
us shut up in port for the space of annil
month or two. This pro)H)rtlonally inoifi{
the anxiety of the captain of the Cronherg. wh
expenses, if detained when so near the poinij
sailing, wotdd he ruinous. On the '21st of Miij
therefore, as this dreaded Interruption liR<ti
Occttrred, the winds and weather favouring <
departure, and every thing bein|[ reatly, '
joined the ship, and vrere accontpanic<l by m^
of our fViends as far as the buoys. Thei-c, '
demonstrations of sincere regard, ami
wishes for a successfVd voyage, thev left us
returned to the shore. On boand all was biq
and alacrity in spretiling that crowd of sail vl
WM invited by the breeze, and which soon c«
us out of sigitt of the island. To be once 1
AND dOMMinClAi; IMTBIiriltlRS.
bosom of oM oe«an, oncf* more with
♦IHlHlte object In rlew, itlw lo long
DOS k HHentinn At th« tstn of Prance,
most liveljr feelingfi of RHtiifRction.
Iling in so mAgniflcent n xhlp, with no
tbiin to m»lie mysplf comfortable,
ply K nowl sitimtion to mn. Nor conbl
linking of tlic contrast liptwcen the boat
I haff come to the inland, and the ship
I wan now leaving It. The one of
tc tons, the "thir of more than nine
tons i the one manned with four f jas-
other with one hnndred Ktirnpeans)
imodations In one hearing some re-
to a dog-kennel, those of the other,
, and 80 spacions, that the room ex.
appropriated to my \\nc. was of greater
IS than the whole capacity of the first }
irerjr little exceeding In sire the long-
Ite other. Hot t need not enlarge on a
which most be obvions to all, after
relative tonnage. In statellness and
appearance. In symmetry and jnst
M of hull and rigging. In strength and
ll, atnt in the elegance and commo-
of the accommodations, no ship could
He Cronberg. Nothing seemed wanting
I the passage before us delightful, except-
lorn from the apprehension of meeting
of those Dritlsh cruisers, who are so
le habit of appropriating to their own
operty of other people,
soon discovered that we were mls-
lld that our anxiety was to be aug-
a violation of the agreement, on the
le captain, relative to taking French
We had scarcely got clear of
, when A person of this descrip
up from his concealment. Indignant
itment, we immediately demanded an
in, and were told he was not French,
It gentleman. Such a miserable sub-
not mend the matter ; and we ex-
opinions on the subject in terms that
_ lion naturally called forth, and which
Fcnnduclve to that harmony between the
Id passengers so desirable to both parties,
twenty-third day after leaving the
ince we passed the longitude of the
iood Hope, nearly four degrees to the
It. The only vessels seen during this
two ships in company, which kept
in their course. Pursuing our way to
-west, we passed the latitude of St.
in the 2Bth of April, at the distance of
lundred and Iftv miles west of it. Having
^tioie had ample opportunity of trying
in every variety or weather, we found
Ihat could be desired — a good sea-boat,
|her rigging, sailing and steering well,
and sl4\)ng, and exceedingly oomfort>
Aral of June, being in latitude 44o
nd longitude SS« west, we spoke an
American schooner bound to Lisbon, who rt<
ported a continuation of the war in Burope, hnl
knew nothing relative to the political atate of
Denmark, with strong westerly gates we made
rapid advances towards the Qrknev islands, and
saw them on the 9th. The next (lay we passed
by Pair Island passage, near to which we saw m
nhip hound to the westward } and the day fol-
lowing, when abreast the Na«e of Norway, we
sftoke a flanisb flsblng-hoat, and received the
astounding information of war between England
and Denmark. We were told, that the fleet
of the former, after having bombarded the Da-
nish capital, were yet in Its neighbourhood, and
that we could not proceed farther towards Elsi«
nore without being intercepted by a firitiih
cruiser. Directing our course, therefore, more
In shore, with a view of entering a port in Nor-
way, on approaching it we flred several guns for
a pilot, and succeeded In obtaining one, who
conducted us into Fleckery, where we anchored
towards evenina near the fort. An ofHcer im-
mediately boarded us, and confirmed the infor-
mation we had received from the flshemtan.
Our passage, of only eightv-four days, had been,
in every respect, the pleasantest 1 hail ever
made.
Being securely anchored under the guns of a
Danish fortress, we could not help reflecting up-
on the risks we had encountered ; so much greater
than we bad anticipated, or would have taken,
had we been aware of their extent. We con-
trasted our present situstion with what it would
have been if we had fallen into the hands of a
cruiser. And our emotions of gratitude, of satiS'
faction and delight, at we thought of these
things, were in proportion to the Importance of
the object attained, and the dangers escaped in
the attainment. In high spblts at the unex-
pected demand for our cargo, and ita conse-
quently increased value, we set out early in the
morning after our arrival for Christiansand,
where tite Danish Commodore lay, with a fri-
gate and several corvettes. Our first visit was
to the Commodore, who congratulated us on an
escape which he termed almost miraculous, and
advised, that, vrithout delay, the ahip should be
brought to Christiansand, as he considered her
position at Fleckery an unsafe one. Accord-
ingly, as soon as practicable, thia advice waa
followed.
Perceiving it to be impossible for the ship to
go to Copcilbagen at present, and uncertain how
long thia state of thinga would oontinaet Mr.
Shider and myself determined to proceed thither
without delay. For this purpose we engaged tt
passage in a coasting vessel, then on the point
of sailing for Nybourg. We dined at the pub-
lie-house in Christiansand, at the iabk iPMti,
with a number of young men of the country,
whose pursuits appears to be mercantile. I
supposed myself to oe generally acquainted with
the European oustoms on such occaaions i but •
ceremony waa observed here, which I tftttrwardt
41
)tt*y \Y i1<> Vnn," " "'»'< <)in!<!» Voii; ^r-. • iimf
tWlJ SCrtH^ to t)n rt^drcp r>f rHq^Hle of s«rH mil-
Wk-*«l ohspVVrt^W'r, tllrtt A »»PHlrTt, rtf U Wmtlil hp
crtttHltlrtt>»\ rt"* mvi»)\ttMr>1y M M»p i<ml*'«loti to
thp V\»ntl hRln|tunrrtvo«rrtl)h< oil \\\r \M\, «c
i¥\rtrt!npd rtt rhi-l*t<An««tu1. \n Hir ro)i>^s»' of
thcttlgM HrrtttlrVo»mr<«>vvon)rt)i1r, niirl rtt rtrtWh
SV* \VpV»» vA)M »o p«i<mvl( s Ml-. Sbrtlrr, niy^k'lr.
rt»^rt my ttirtii rsoomo, all of m1io»». \\\ n gnictrti
J)A!lHttoVt, \Vr»r sfviprt An^oHrrtn »lir»i1m«M. T^n
rt<hnV\ov»ii«ft rtflcf xrtMinp;. ^«o rtniwil a. Ny-
VwsMvji;, 1»rt\1»)5 Villi n ^T^y roo\rovtn1tlr nnil^^lr'n-
IMVttt )>A!«»rtp;p, \r> \\,\\\v\s <f\p r!\\>trt»« pliPrtfU ron-
tHh\»tril, Mof 1p««< \\\- rtn nltcnHort fo onv \vi\ntK.
lhA« \>y mftnllV^tinjt one of tVo most rtii^irtMc,
i^rpj-^O. rtrtil brtvvy fbn»nrtp»« Wp t^fti\ pvp^ niPt.
t>rt tljP kAWp rtrtV \vr pmsspti I^p I^pU. j» Imp
fpVi-y.Vrtrtf, tn INM-upMr. rtnil sipjit fltpvp, \>rtVi"B:
Oii^V'^Ti! \)os1 -)l>ov<P!« M\\ n «-«g:}tiin1o bp vprtiVyhi
lhiP.Wl\>Vtti^g;. \p'*on\\n|h-,ftf «PVr« n'plorfc om t.ip
Vlt»1f>, W-v srt rttit iVnm rortt^n-.\tt rt vpvy r1«iw«y
\\-ftgli|t>tt WUl^ont s^Miogs. IVit llip vniiih wpvp
WtV gfOOil ; H\\f\ f^K" t^pVU of I«\1lrirt«t \ pj|;ptnHoO
Anfi hpftntfiNil vpi-rtm-p, wbirh n^pt thp pyp on
\n\1?v\ sM«, \Stvp i1\c mow stiikdiii;, rtttWplUp,
AXtA \i1rrt!«<ttg to >t!», i\vm hHWvifi bpfrA sh loip;
fcivrntvimptlio ifio ^iWc^pjI p«vth. rtnil ni>-ttf vp-
l^imion of ft tix>f»ti'n1 pliniflfp. Nvp «olii'pi1, on
ipit!»<ev !«5rtp of t^p i-ofn1. many of tbo»p mo\ini^
V^hic^ ftw (fftinl tr> p\i\TV tl>p ni»hp!« of anpionf
t^trft rtv ^pi"OPR. Amv-ittg at ipn oVIopK <n tho
\p\vtiin|t rtt V>>^<pnhim;pn, \\r t^iwv to MnlipT>
IhtltTK ^ m!»ar««?prv\( hon*r. whpir \\r Wrir V'"^-
\idrtl Aith iMmfni-tftMp Apmlmpnts AW\\ f^M\^
WWH^inrnpnt.
Ilvivp Vrftrs h<\A no^^ olsi^^pil Mncp \ T>ft<^ \\i^A
Wv twVT>nnts fiMm howr. liaj^rv, thrivfovp. to
t>M«{t« WTttp iflfiiwdtiiofl irtnrtXT^ fx\ my mn-
W>*i>t«». I V»TTit lont, r«r1y in thp mo^-ttinir. in
WrrWrit yvf sortf i>f n\y fV>nntv>nttrn. nnd ftrri-
wwttrth- TY\t»t y\ith ftn r)?d ftx-tjuftintidnt^. TtPmily
fW>m Si»*cm, yx-fttx osstw*^ mp M ihp "fuMtivt nf
my frtfTK^s, only ^ frxv xxrrKfc Wfrtvf. Hvfl":.
'evWy thing ifp«W<1 to tv»nmv ttS «U np thf
Kw>» » Tify >W my |f(xx1 f«Mt»in*», HnA to \^n\\ fftWh
x*o**\>P8Poiiding rmotions of prutitntlp to t^t*
ffiptt ffivw of «H p>oi\.
K\^ftotafl\ |>p»op Ix^Tfn Knglsti'd nnA !Vn-
% Y>Ofl»oqw«(toft, hhA bwn <tis(>«tvhrd to Kot^Rrftv
IIW <<W» *>«tp f6 tjWCoH, VPf Kht' dM wot AYTiNf
in 'CV»f<»n^n|ron fH^rr iW IfHh of .T^ily. Hf'ft'r**,
^♦(^ "pii'««Nl K month With no othrv Orm^Mitioii
'rtwtx if»1»wrtwg in th* »Tww!<» m c wt ^ rtf t^ rity fcn^
Thi(MT nw #*(v cHm <t» K«rop«\ wk4rh, on «
IJm >»k>iv, WTilvt> n stnmippr m<MV> «(|rr«»sMy than
■•dfiivnHneMi. The ww snrt hwintyof th* Bnuhix*.
rMfVpr.AwtiSt VrttAnf.1
Ihp pirlPiill H|H»Prttrti(i'f of tllh Il0(l<ip«, Ixilliii
llr ftlM tit-|V;ll«', tlM' ItHiDf^ (tf HUi Httftllli njl
)f»|tfl«p rif til" p|ly, nitil of flip PXf p!|pti(i>„|)
|ioli"p. A Plii'ipf PtiltlllnnMoH «lli i'rnnl|i,M
tlllll IttI l|fcHI)lrttil|i;M 01 llltilllticps, ulllili
ortVmlvp to iiip piiMip, UK' ittutiPilifit.K
tpptpif : lll!>1 MirIP (IIP ?U) lipftjtilt<; In lu.
Willi ; nml Mini tllptp Is IJip 'most |)rtlr.i
I'litHv fni jtcioi'M niiil inojirtiy. iltp t 'im|*
wliicli i'r>'ll|y ' fiirlp tlip f|(y, tire l"iv.i,
nith II iiu'iIiIp ron of llihp-tipps. otfVilii-j nJ
tpn^i\p mill ilpllghtfnl nalk to nil clrtsHi-M, „,.]
(M)iittlly i1(<Mitli)ful Hilf, hilt t^it n fp\t \f]\\\\i
l»p)snns only. I'Iip Riiir|pii>< of tlw Un.;™^
jmlncp, \\\\\ih i!« ivitliln llipplfy. nip llii-mi
in snmnipi-, nnil iiflVnil n pnni liml |>ipnRiiiii i
I'm- thp Rrty iinil dllp of hoth nptps. Hih h.-I
«oH most ftpqiiPiitpil h tl(p prti-ilr'n of Hi
snmmpr vphIiIpiipp, f'"ipilpHpl<sl)m-|t jmlnri
U\iy milps wr^x of the pity. ThpHi* niotini^i
ih'llfhtnil. i\Hil, on Siiml'rty!) nml hollil:n<
cvowih'fl Mith n grty rtsspmhlnftp nf nil .ii<
who, (n thph- hpst ntilip. mppt to bpp ntvl
«<>pn.
ih\ thp WAV to the!»f» f^ftHpint, a llftlp lir^
thp wpMpin jrttp of th« rify, Btm! In thp tui
of thp vonit, W pvpptpri A vpVv hrtitiUoinp iil»
of In-own !»ionp, on a sqnaVp hasp nf wnl
nnil on prtph povncr of thi;< hnsp U a hamlj
mavhlp ftpmp. Thp ftnjt- niP pmhlpmmii
iVncp. tMcnfy, t'ontpnt, nttii Imlustty.
hpijtlit of tlip ohplhic \n ftiHy-pifrht; m
fppf; nml Its nhlppt Is fo commpmoj-ntr it
i-nm*trtnip hljH^ly Intpvpnting in tim j-l'j
thi-opist, nml trt thp ndvopntP nf pivll
ami th»^ >i^\\t% nf wiAtt—thp pmAt^t?l<>fttttt« mi
DanWh iirn^Antvy, vxlilrh tnnkiilAOp .UminnJ
l«t^t>, \)\\ onp imnAt^ nf thp bnoe Is \ni
vin V>nttish\ " Vn rhrlntfan V'U., KlnnotJ
]>anps nml )Nor\\-T»(rlAtt«. IVnm tmlted ftnrt
M cUi^pns." f>n thp n^mnsltp, " thp fniJ
tion stonp w-A« Inifl hy ri-piipvlpk, son of tlir j
thpfVieml of the t^p'opln, \7ft2." On tlv
of thp ohrhsW. " Thp kinjc Is sprtslbW. tlimj
Uhprty, ilptPt-minpil hy Jnsf IftXX-s.bmdnppMi
of ir^finntry. itnri ronv«|W( to ilrftmd It^ tlir (
of instiwtion. the tAstp tW lAhoni-> «tt«l the j
of hi^if>inp«s ; hp hns ov»t*hRii, thnt soii
shAll ronwe, thftt <sHpr artrt i>t"omt>tlt«ilp
in thp rxwntn^n of »i«ftl Iaw s < in ohlpv iliij
onltivftttVp, fVpo, rrtrtrnrPOMSv pnlif htpnpd, ii
tnons. Anvl irtwwl, may lioT«owe ftn nstlmshlf
hA»)pyntirpn."
VhV {n'<H»t p*.lnt^, wtxiih w-As htJrnt in
nml xx-hirh was on* of lliip most mApoiitri''
Kwpopo, is yH in vnins \ Anil it i» s«|S\w$<vij
thp pvjipnse xH" vpmovinn thp rtm\ nntl
WAlh WYiwM h* nv^n'My lt»»8 thnn thnt of
inf St. In the paIaw <>f Hownhrrf , «n
shionptl \pil«, whirlA Ha* W^tt Iwillt vt\w\
t*"o rT>nt»iri*«. arp kefit th« cvown nnil ,i>'
\v\y han«lsomp And oim}>lptP dining pq'iip
thfp f>ni"«5t pwhi. milvw And mosnir tahl*
<wronAtion Afid weddii^ di'Wscfi, the sworr i|
linrlri fhi* tWnlfth #»!»•»• IIP fpll tlfltf
i«»m1l, tit«t(t ««•• fmltiMMft^, «Vf'. ttiH
(iMltihnMtiMl. tlip HM-rtl wltift'f »-mI-
;|»i H»p prtif'-i-tt prtl-f of >lip Hfv. IM tftp
' n<\mri? rtf Afttpllcltilfrg, lit tltP rptitfp
1^ n rtltn »'t|iif^t»lrtH<itiirilfMir I't-cilprlrlt
I'll nt H(« fTpcti^p t)f Utfl Ailittir Oottl-
mWli' llltrnHh^ HH' Irtfup ntul rrtliin»tlp,
|>nt|ii'i IiHhiiImi'IIiiii, nf-f tillkp iic"p<r«l-
IP -ittniincr fittti fill' rItlrPH. TItP •■"Vtl
(ll fxti'MxIvf, tunl iMittfrtlMt P fft-riit t«
[till* iitiwt f'lirlMMi |trMi|iU'tli)in, iirtHtffl'
MM, wlilfli ifiMrtil.v fitti^tlhtfp stu'lt «'ti1-
i'lii't-p ntP HVfi" Mit'«tt-P», ttlilrit «fp
[bt* Ufll -(MltlKltfiMl ! 11)1(1, jiiilphlf^ fniifi
MpiI ■'tn»»' nllPil I llrtvr lln»<ti mc^Pttt, I
tiinv !)'• tltp rrturt liHt Itnth l(f)tiip<i
\m\\ <*vn\r.
iW\hv\- Mf rlintrlip^ fl|i|)('»»s tci lip Iti |tH«-
Jt-tlttti trt tltn rtti'ttt tif Hip Hff ntHi
'tiilinliltniit^} ntwl ^rtiiw tif HiPtM nt-p
IminNnttiP I lint, rtn frtf rt^ I Imtl Oft-
Hf oltM'iM iii|j, tlii'v ii|i|tnni-p(l fn Itp Jnif
iHih'tl; niitl, f>i»- tW HiiH» imH, Itf Hie
in. All ilriiDiKllinHnim nf H'llRlntl Mt' tti-
f,lll>'RHV(MM«IP«». AtMMtltt tllPfm|1llllt(lliM
>nip mrt^iv i«trtpHt>'<i. 'nipir nrpiiimH«t»i
kh \\\M »f IivoVph, (IpwIit*. mn tnrt-
|l*Hi rtMil umiip nt Hinii aif , nr HpIi)
p|!*p«lipr»', tliPV Itiilil rt snlmrilltmtn
i»IpH. SHIl tllpiislHitition in thli Plly
nWl»)lrtlril With (hut of tllric lifpflifPti
"itpv |initn »if Rimippt ""f^ IliP^"" «»■*'
thp hiiiffs Imviiigt prttifprti'il on some
lHBft«isl»p«i »im»k« or Itniihill-.
Rotp»- of tl»p Ihtitps hn'< lohR lip»*tt wi-
ll iM-rtVPt-jt loynUy, IpiiittlM^, Rtiil Vlt--
»«t|iPtip«<'P lirts fniijtlit iilp, tlinf It Is
"eti^rtvkrthlp for linmrttiltv. tteiiefoslty,
tjiirtlUlc^ of iiilnil rtiiA m«|»n»IHott,
l»r thi* fiorlnl iMtcfpom-sp pvpfy Hiltig
«il-nMp. Mkp most of Hip tioHliprn
iim»|<p, tlipy Itnvp n Bfroopt jifptlilnc-
oo«tom* «»u1 lirtliits of thpit HUPPS-
firttly tlip jiPttsjiMhyi witli wlioiM tli«
»ti»>f thi* (mimni'il "tools of liiislinHtltv
't«ort»» of tM»ltlvntioM Im"* Itppn rtttpiulntlt
pf1\>Hs liy tUp mo»-p pHlltfhtPMPil I'Ui-
only \sn\\\n\ suitpss. NVMtetr tin tu\-
trt l)p (IpHvpiI fV»>m ihtiovtttloM H Is
^tPi1( rt«<l thp »iia;l»t-wnti'h oftheHty
ihp snt«p (loli'fiil ditty timt Itits \)tti-
Itt l« M»p fi»r soiMP pptttuHes. Iti »il»ll-
hrtttv, x\hl«h titpy t»nntp, titpy have a
)\ dputpttpp, vrtiyiiigi for pftoh howf, ii«<l
ittifts^^fr iit tup ItAftimittotts tttAiinpr so
WBtK*hwpH, is nflftlonl^Hy prtlfjltt|.
M«wis, 4<rtWfw«', »U) Mot ftpply to tlip
«f prtntiwtt, xvlui wfttpit \\\ff \mvgiT%H
piwnt. In flH»M And pttqnpttp, vvlth
ptti:*» thrtt thp ft\»liion of a now lion-
ty rtpvlAtlrtrt In the inodp »rf sAlntA-
' vi«(tlti|rk In l^tfls, li At onc« kttown
Atiril AdttfitPil Iff fhfttt. Upttf?*'. fli^ chiMgft lrtth«
ffltlihM of th'-lr hrthlHftiPWts kf-pps pw*- with ih«
ptpt--rh(«Mjrl«ii? ftii'ips wliiph ntp lm|mffpfl | ««d
Hphop. tlip IipIIps of ( '(HiciihrtR/'fi nr^ ni justly tf-
mrtfkpil fMC ffoofi tfl^ip Im dfpis, bs f'lt flrip f<f^-
i«f»fi'< mitl (ffncpfiil ffintififtfs. tlip Invp "f t^fft-
risn, nf th^ (IpslfP of sp-'Imk ftfttl (ipinit sppM, rtf
pprhti|)s iii'th, IikImpps thpfti in frp»|tiP(it thft
IHlhllc wnlk^, Ifi Bfpnt uttmhftt, rrctf flfif »hy f
wltPtp tlipf ttf n^mirpil miH ronrtpH hr thp ml-
Hlarv flMf( thp IjIIp yottfiit itipff, who tisunlljr
nlmiifiH In mnni of t'lip InrRf Pities of Ktifope.
I'ltpy iinsiMi Hif! f«"ill»T of nc»|t(irlfiff Infftj'myps*
whlHi m-nm to ii" ppciillni to tlip (loHliPfH fipo-
|t|p I Btnl It li not iittconimofi to mpet with
TOini|i^ hidips ttho sjipnk thrrp or four dlffprpfit
IfifiirttfiitPs. huh'pd, thp sittijpct lioth of Hirtlfifttitl
fcioiii" pflnrntiftn fp('p|»ps hprp timt attpfitlon
which it-^ grpnl iinportniipp flptonndi.
thp Bitfp nrriful of thp ship front NorwAf
•((•roicil to rlosn thp risk oil this rirlvRdturPi «Mrt
thp oi'ptiptttioii It itfiiMPiIintply f>nvp, \n Bssistltig
to rpppive Afiril spII thp ent^tii wns n fprjr plps-
<<iint onp, psppplnlly ns roffpp was of rpn<ly 8«le<
nM(l horp siii'h aprlcp flt toprofliuT n vpry hamf-
sooip profit. At thp sftitip tlftif fhnt I was f<!«-
\U\uq thp rttoMiiMt of this propprty, I HnA ac
coMitts from Aniprirn of thp snfe arrival thpre trf
thnt prtrt of thp profppds of toy Northwpst tnf
nan whiph hnri hppii |pft to hp shl«pp(l, a»m1
witiph, ponihiiipfl with this, rPM»lprp«( me, As to
ppcdnlArjr Affkirs, tery Itideppndpiit.
m\p'tm xt.
t*rt«t sitrress stlmiilNtAS (n tiew Ndt«t]ttti'«i<'-^ An A#'
R'U^lnlR III tho tnyAgn.—ttPpArtitrs ffdlM ir«tl«M<
h«p(Prt.— PrtswMners Atid pipM. — A f thai ni HAm-
lincith. — \ T«<wpl iioridiAi^od. — fr«i|>AfAtlom for
snilln^i,— A ptotcrlbad t'ole. — Trenlv of AmlM>«<
— Uiiubtfid proKpentg. — A stttrm. — The vaimI la
ieo|inrity. — Snil frutn CiixhAvou. — AfHfdl tl
urnnd CioisriB — 1'he town.— Seatcity of tot^otl-
sltiiis — SidlhiB quBllIlM tif the fessel.— AftlrBl A(
BiiMfa f'rne.— it^-Bhiiisy of the A«iihortHe<— Mette-
dluthie ciiorPitt.— Wpenery of the flA* of Hlo. —
Tim fltitiediittl.— UepBrtttre l>t»f« ltlo,-^l'»««Agt»
ritiotil (*np« Merti.— A mnn nverboArd.— ArrirAl
At V-'vmi-BUot
The voyAiire, whitdi was hpguti with stiph tPif
pntitt-APted tiieAtis, At MilVre ne OrAPP« in the »u
tiimti of 175)7, And was completed by mt fcfrivAl
At (]oppnhAgpii, in th^ summer of 1801, hAd l)een
primnptl with n siipppas fnr sufpAailng my most
sAtignltie AnticiuHtiuns. The fnrtttne I hAcI gAitied
WAS Amoly snfflpient to etiAble me to live ltide->
ppndpntly in the moderAtp end unostentttloui
style which i prop<ined to myself. But I hAd
hppii too long Hi'cnstoined to a life of a<Hi->
vitv And excitement, to he reooneiled to one of
Indulgence And repose. Inileed, It ii gener«Uv
(i.KVRIiANb'll
HI
IH Mt>w tiiivt>Httirp<i» unit Ineitithtu n«>w Hftka, In
hm^tfil In Mti«tHtrHrttt to thM iittrctmiii nnt^nHiinl
»\s \\w )«t-«>(vtlhtK imfii. till!* fHmtiltii wtiiti \m
¥{\m\A hnvf Iipp»» )r»t«df »Mi|pmt»yHrrtim«t«»t»'Mi
tint \^lti>h, MA lit Mil« timi*. I fntilii hn«r. m wr
Mm^rmti* IM N vinniip w»n»ti Hip tvrt»-li|, lut tHnl
IVIWttI ilttH fVllilw .|»rt««i<Mttr<r HtUM H»r Ul»« «»f
IhnMt**** WlllUm sIihIpv, n n»»»frPMl!»l «|»lrl». IIh*
iHMtttntUMl H«« It-t-ni^ntiltlr. t »»« ttiir lrtlr» )»itM.
M|tt> tit|r''H)ri' \»p Itilil tll«i«»HHP»l thP |»l-i«)i'i't nf H
t«v«K«« in i\w «!>«♦ fOrts* of Amnlcrt t rti>tl, In
diHMlk \tt« Imtl nil lltv im;i'i>i<tl ti|tt«ii It, HK l*t ninkn
tt •li«|ii»M»l»«»»t rtl»»«p «« tl»»» «'lfi'iim«tii»M'f» t»f
lH»^W«(^i»miltrtMp AmrHcrtM vpmoI, whlrli nitilil
H»» «ht«lMP«l lit tt tvnnrthttWp jtrtiT. Nutip miplt
Hnl»(rt4<'4t*Mth(h|p M ('ii|tpnhit|tPnt n«tl nwiui> nf
rt»p p^tp»i«lvi» AmpHpuM nmuiipn'p witit ll«m-
h>ilir^. ^vp i|pti»imlMP«l tn t»tiU'pptl ttHhnt p|tv,ln
thf ptw»(>t*Hmt i\1 |mti*\)HMH[ unci* n «»« nn up
iil<i»««fpil.
Ahi*rtw<l«|<!ir, K« oonn M WTP hml upttlp.l »mf
hiMlnpM MtOtpnhiutt'M. ttp tottk imnnnitp In thp
K*'!»»«pt, ft^t KIpI, Mvly l» thp t«iM«tl» of Annvtut i
wt wMrtf to impw'.un mlvptup w'lmln, nni* |m>-
W)im\%\<^ rtf tw< v«<wpt<l«H Imt-rtMs, n »H<«/»if»"»» of
ll»* »*tti^ «»tln«» * SvMm »rtt»fmf, nttil tli»p«
t>*nl»h mwvhn«tii» p*rh of wlm»n \vrt« imniilpil
VMth AH •wrthMrtnn |»H»rtj thp ivpii«pnt n»p of
w^iifth »N>mpi< to ln> o<i tHt\IOR«olM(>«i)oHttgtltR
t««tlnoii \\\\\\\^ \^Mw\\ 00 hoMnl titp |Mpkt>t.
AOw Imvlot h«>((>o foov (tiiyn oo Imm-tt, ilovlofit
Whl\*t», (\\\\\\ th<» »t>«PO«'p of pvpi y oooifort of hp-
«^tO0\tV«^t(on lOol ftU>it. \VP ROrtV'Wrt giv*t«»t |0l-
V«f lOOK \\\M Hn> o<(onUy p\|ii«H«>orp«t oo a )m!«!iiut«
«0^M»» tl\»» AtlttOtlO, \v^ \wvv «U \T»VV itlAil to Im*
bottwl on t^p \*\tiwA of l^mpiT»o. ifpt-o wp took
K«t-hoi««« (V>v HMnttn^Kht iin«i uti-ivpit thptv on
« t4tK of \n(tit«i. \\> Unlit 8i>ntP «tontitii \vh<».
Ijiwrwii- ii|itn^r«nt'«, hnvlng hml noonportnnltjr
«l Mtiktnf oni" t^^llptu (Vn- wvptnl Hnyn, uns not.
•ft WW* <i(|tfc!in«t «s M to |nt>vifnt Hi* lnn«tUmt*!i
iMlmtHtt^ nvt or x^lii^thi^v. ak thfv »ii(rt, tli«ii-
Ky>n«M Wfw* «o M\ \\\a\ thpv «*o«UI noi \ ft>r,
MNr Wving uniniH^owfVkltv tvUt *t thttsi* lUi-
flftWint \w^h^ w* MSTftw tln*ily ohlln;*d tt» \o»t tt|i
%itK itt^HMt in i)\t f\nHU Bhn-y of tlip Kmmp-
v«m|ii(\Hy«i. Pwrthtwr oWMtviiiion* ho^w»>-«i', i?on -
>4t««*[< «i ihut th* dit WHS wnoonimonlj' pwwit-
««l ( M> In •diittlon tift thp tnnltitnitp of Ktmntpn,
wKo >wr« th*w ftMr «^nnmpt\'lii< \n»rj>oiii»«, Uipw
Mnew <<om|MitKxr( t« »>♦ thirty thonwmd Fwn(*h
•tMicrMitft. H«n^ lh« tttffionlt^v w« «K^H«no(!«l
In flM^n^ Kn^initii. AAm* »om« «lAy«» xvi> »no>
«tuU(l in fwirin^ng nMM« ki a (>ri\nit« Iiousp in
IK« <3tmii St. Mi«hM)*ir<«tn!«t.
t% WW soon ohvfmw tlnit M«r« sHonM m«pit tvith
wo «MtMHrrM*ni«nt in timlinit twrf^ a vntfnfl «iot«»«t
10 onr |M\rtN>M ( (V>r %ht notntvpY- of Ain«ri(>an
^WMCiU in iioifittMMtKsl n« n cKnit^ Atmottoqud)
I* %W is iMn«!l in «ny on* of ih* miit com
m»m In t h* linitvit $t«t«s. in i^locting
» M ImmH of ^^rhich \hwt Mr*s m VH^s|tc«t of
Vfl¥Atsl4ll *
|tiiMlo|| two m thtui* ) Attil lit lilt,,
itrllPt-p ff ItNlHi «ntl AHIpIm Iff P(titl|imPhl mn
lioitlttriil nttNltitttiintt It WM Itttttoftnut to ^
th« prit|«pMlp<i of utrpoftli, iliifrtlilllljf df i„
rlitl, RitiniinM itf MHllltiit, PHftNPlt.r for mtn
noil PM»»»fii»-»iili|p ni'i'ttmmodHtloiiii, Siii.|| ,
««« otIVt-pil wt, In tlip liHii I.pIIw IUm~
I'ttttntiimiHi, Vlrnloln, ttf n lnH(ilrp«l nn«l im,
llvp lulu iMirthpti, wIiIpIi wp (ntrphniiptl m ,
Itrli'p.
NVItilp toy ftlpotl mill «MOPliitp wpiif i.i i
ilpnti^, to mttjp mtiiip ntrnlM itf liln o«ii, i
niniiipti nt Itntoliiiiitli, to nltptul to i'i<|i|„.
noil tppnltitiK tlip vpniipI, tit pitlnrglitit Hud
|ttitvitt|t tliPAi'i'ittoiMotlntltiti!!, noil to |)iiMh|J|
tItp pnrftttt orliii'li \«p Itnil n|i;rppil Hliittilil
lini-kpil. I'lirup itltjpi't!! wpfp i«!«'(iiii|tlinlnM|
tItp vp»»«p| IhiIpii Ity lltp wml ttf Hp|itpiiili.
o-IiIpIi llitip Me. Rlinlpr i^tof tipti fiitto Hmm),
It hitw Itppiotp NPPPMwiirir to NPt nliotit t\\\^
otit- otPtt ; Itttt ItpAtro tItU potlld li« dniif, hij
i-pi)oliiltp tit ilptprinlitp wIiIpIi of tin utiotilil {
the puitNplty of innitpt . An lioth wnrp ^
t^mnnptpot to tito timk. noil onitltt;!- ninliitlm
Itt titn DolilPi't Imil lott pvpo Itppti tiipiitii
V\ lico It lippRiop iil(iitliitt>ly opppMnrjr toij
tlo« ((ttpntloo. wo Rureptl ttt decide It Ity lot J
dpclnioit wnn In flivonr of Mfi Ihilert wlinj
oiooooiod mill pnlinted the ineit* whllp I
bM-ked In tho pnpMi'lty of toperoiiritot l*iit|
nn nhtl«tiit«odln(|r tItAk theae desi||ttiitlntit(
ttnlv f\ti* nn'i Mke( nitd tlint the iliiH
tMiPh 8tt» wte to lie iiti<l|tropiilljr per
hy enHi hiteientn In the ve«M» niok
iMinf eqiiitit there Ptintpd tio itipqilAlily l)|
oowem, or in the |irolltR« of whttt«¥ir <l«
ti«n» th«t ntlght lie nMlinetL
OoHnit nnr s«\)ont-n nt Mimthnr||h, wehil
iPoli
Mid (Alentfi. He imd fought for the \\\wi
hit «?oontt*jr« MR Miite-ile.pain|t to the inifoii«
Kosoiimpo I Mod lieing one of tltP |iroB('rilt(#|
living Mt HMtohntfh on nlendei- nieMn»,ttndi|
ont oe«n)tMtion. In the iioi'letjr of m fei>tli^
of Kooh intelligenopt Mecoiiipllshioenti, nmli
)MinloH*hle tt-Mits, we knew tliMt w« Rliniili
t^jpAld (V>r the MddilloOMl ek|tetifte uf tnkin
MK M <H>wy»y H f>t< rf# ««y<tjr#» Mml we Mgred i
vlt« him to Me<(Htnt|wny u« m ruoIi. lie lid
vtat* heen Mt sen, nnd * voyRg<» round the '
to M mMn like Jilnit i-eMred in the interim
eootiiient, ollV>red iiuch MttrMOttonB thntl
eeded to the )tropoMl« not only without I
tboi hilt with expreiBioni of grtit M\\th
Mnd delight.
Vurioni eMuies tended bo to ret«rdi
honn. thMt it w»« Ute in the month nt <)(
hefttr« every thing wki retdy for our iIc|m
In the raeMn time we receix'od informntioRti
sudden and unex|tecte<l terminMtion of i^\
h«twe«H PrMoee nnd England, by the tr
Amiens, tn event which htdMrnoat iuAtirr*
bearing on the prospecti of our voyng^-
eoine Mouunlntett with the Count de Roiiiii
n ytniog Polish nobleniMn, of iiitterior eilw
ANti tdi^MRwriAi, PMrnnpninvn.
hi
fur *n tniiity ft^ntn NntilttllntH h)r thff ■H-
irfiil iiiHrinr of OrpNt HHtiilM, wtiiild h(>
in rcit^wrtl. Ilv (Itc rpKittiir lti(nt«l«iHlmi, Im
Hull «lil|t<, "f Hf tfinntifii«'«iirM of l?t(ro|i«»,
oHIipMo MfirMfmit firl«'M wotilil h« ri--
m, wlilfli Would |iro|(or«ioMiill)r |pM»«n llif
ii'poo'Mt wlil«'li linil ln«for«> r«l«tHl for oli-
lltK IliPin In «» IrrpnoUr mn»nft. It wns
jtii, Uifrrfor*'. tlmt h toynnp to tlilll nml
I rotiltl MOW Itn wiwIp only ii««l»»r tli«« ni'nt
imvltllt HtlKlllt'CA 1 M ttt(> Dfltllft rmiiii! tttllcti
M to fimlilp (ti(* InlmhltHntA tn utipplir
llflVM Willi iimniifBrtOM'*, wotilil iiIbo o if-
ttmlly to Incrpiw*^ thu ilnngir to forpino
f«, l»y tlie iMrrwupil iitiwil»i«r iif»«t ♦l((lliiii«'n
\ ffUHrHnpn»fit»i liltltpfto rtmniiH to tlii-lr
l»y till* jtrpuptipft of n mtfifrlor hostlio forrr,
fl rHfMt ill till* Rtlvnni'ctl nt«tp of tli»! lnwl-
l»y M rfiiilp of tlip yp»«pl iijhI •'urgo, roolrl
ptTiTtprt wiHioot nrput loii« t nod nIttiotiKli
|lit Imve lipeti tlic moit tirit(1««nt tmft, wp
Bl rpponrllp our mind* to It i ittn, ttiere-
♦i»rml»iPd to proRPPtitp tlie *«y«g«.
^rp wp rotild Hrt on tlilM dpcNon, nil oiir
iMttiPntN atitl fPMrii for the ftittirfl catne
Bur ttftlhn tpnulMHtpd hy the \mn of the
wltUp ypt in thu rivpr. TIip d«y lifter
eliorini off ntopkntiidt, wliitlier titie tmd
llt«tt by the pilot, h trpmcndoMo utorm oc-
whldt broiiKht in the tide H" is to inun-
I the lower part of the (<lty. I lie damaKe
river, tiy the l(i«8 and injury of veiHelg and
Itruf tlon of property, wan very jjreat. Our
drniied her anchom lome disran(<e, and
I imminent danger of going on the piemof
Itndt, where a total Mmii would prohahly
[•nNtipd. One nahle parted, and the pilot
rgent for cutting awny the masts, but the
|%niild not eonsent, and we finnily escaped
Itly the toss of llip stern-lioat, which was
fmini the davits liy the violence of the
tng recovered our anchor, and nurchascd
^Iraat, we took the lirst favourable oupor-
to proceed down the river, and after a
brary anctiornge at Ciixhaven, put to sea on
Ih of November, 1801, in couiponv with a
nil of shins and brigs, which, like our-
were bound to the westward. The gu-
ilty of sailing of the Leila Byrd was soon
est, as, at the expiration of four hours, but
' the number that sailed with us wore dis<
Ibic fVnm the deck, having been left far
The wind throughout the night and the
I day was light and variable, and our pro-
in consemicnce so slow, that we did not
•Dover till the 13th, off which we were
led by a boat iVom that place, with the offer
llotage, or of forwarding letters ; neither
Ihich services had we any occasion for.
. ing on our course, we passed in sight of
Isle of Ushant with » line breflxe at north-
I I and, without any occurrence worthjr of
notice, came In sight nt the tslanif irf Otmii
Ciflifli, on the aith, where, •Mtttvi^ Mifjr
twenty days out, we determined to liM Ibf ifi
addttional supply of fruit, vegetable!* ««, W#
therefore incbrrrcd next mornlnM In twet«« h^
thorns, sandy bottom, about three mllMllNMi
the town, which, from this |>o(iritloc, trreMnl«d •
very pipasing and somewhat ImptMitg §ffHi -
ancp.
After tftp cintomary visit from the ptiMI« tHh
thotltlps, Me^sr*. Nb^lPr, Hnnlssillmi, md Mf*
sptf, a«'ConipanlPd t«y the captain of the pari, M
elifprmut, went on shore to see the town, MMl
to ascertain if our wants could b« atiMrtM
without losing too much time. We dified wHh
the ca|>fain of the iiort, who engaged topromtM
for us tlie stores of which we hwt ne«d. f alflM
de Canaria, which Is the name of the town, !• Mm
most contiderable place on the island, tmmhH"
Int almitt twelve thousind Inhabitantf, Wfio iff
a hardy and Industrious race, living prttuiMHf
by the cuHlvatiun of the soil. It is a u ttmrnttt
of a bishop, whose rentiniw ia Mid tomflMNf MM
hundred thousand dollars put annum. Th«
town is pleasantly situated on a ptirffi •! (tM
foot of the mounlnins, and on the eiat ildA of
the island. The cathedral is built of ttcm«« and
of dimensions and site which make It tfie iMMi
conspicuous obiect on apprMMjhiog th« UtWn
from the sea. Tbe bishoj/i palnwl, th« InW|»U
tal, and the oonvetits, of which thara ara thraa
of nnns, and two at friari, maka an imfmlM
appearance* but the private hoiiaaa In tthkn
wealth, if it exists, is usually displayad* dofWt
ffenerally afford proofs of ease and Indapendenaa
n the circumstances of their proorietora. Wa
found provisions of all kinds to ba axtratnaljr
scarca and dear. T)iree<fourths of a dollar waa
the price of a moderate- sieed fowl, and ahaaii
and pigs In proportion. Under thesa dramii*
stances, we took on iMMird no graatar atlMly
than wonld ba suflloient to last us to Wo Jan«iVo«
where we had determined to stop with aoma
hope of being able there to dispoia of our
cargo.
On the 2d of December, having made our ac-
knowledgments to tha captain of the port for
his civilities, and taken leave of him, wa want
on board, weighed anchor, and mada all aafl io
the southwMd, Tha trade-winds were airaaaally
light, the lea proportlonaliy smooth,* and tna
weather serane aiid pleasant. Nevarthalaaa, oar
little vessal felt the impiilsa of tfaa aligfitaat
breesa, and would maka oonsidarabla prograM
at timea when m«ny vasaala could not liaep
steerage way ; hence wo bad no apprahanalon of
long delay in passing tha calm latifadea. On
the 20th, having croMcd tha equator in km*
gitudo 26'* wast, we soon took thaaonthaaat
trade-wind, which for aaveral davi blew with
such strength as obliged us to singla-r«a|
topsails. Aa ia usual in advancing toottii
tha wind bacama more easterly, wmch (
na to aat our atodding-aaila, carried us
52
CLEVBLANDS VOYAGES
«t the nieot ten to eleven miles an hour, for
•ererd days in succession, and gave us promise
^ soon reaching our destined port. On the 1st
gf January, 1802, we came in sight of Cape
Ario, aiid the next day, towards evening, came to
anchor in seven fathoms, outside the fort of
9Uta Cruz, it being calm, the tide setting
against us.
Soon after anchoring we were visited by the
certain of the port, accompanied by an officer
from the guardship, who, after making them-
•alves acquainted with the object of our visit,
desired us to remain in our present position till
^e wiU of their i>"'^eriors should be made known
to OS in the morh. ..g. Accordingly, as soon as the
•uubreeze set in, the captain of the port again
vame on board with the requisite permission to
enter the port. Then weighing anchor, he
cc'^ducted us to a very snug berth within the
Uha das Cobras, where we moored near an
American and a Danish ship, the only foreigri-
ers in port, and where wr appeared to be
perfectly sheltered from the infl.ience of any of
the storms or hurricanes which are peculiar to
the tropical region.
The'next morning we were visited, with much
imnnality, by the municipal authorities, accom-
panittd by the interpreter, to ascertain th>3 con-
dition of our vessel, and to know our wants ; in
order that, from their report to superior autho-
rity, it might be decided how long we should
be permitted to remain in port. Aware of the
jealousyof the government towards all foreign-
ers, and their practice of rigidly enforcing the
law for the exclusion of any other flag than
their own, except in cases of emergency, we
presumed the time granted to us would be very
limited, and were therefore very well satisfied,
when it was announced to us, that the Viceroy
permitted us to remain eight days. This was
ample time to fill up our water-casks, to procure
a sdpply of stock, vegetables, and fhut, and to
ascertftin if it were possible to dispose of our
. cargo to some one of the traders who were here
fh>m the River Plate.
Having at length obtained leave to go on
ahore, we readily availed ourselves of it, although
with the incumbrance of a soldier constantly
following us ; nor, during our stay, were we at
any time on shore without being thus watched.
Nevertheless, as there were no limits to our
wandering about the city, wc visited nearly
every part of it. We passed one evening at the
theatre. The company was numerous, orderly,
well-dressed, and apparently respectable. Their
patience was put to the test by his Excellency
the Viceroy, before whose arrival the curtain
could not be raised, and who kept them waiting
till past eight o'clock. When he entered his
box, all rose, with their faces towards him ; at
the same time the music struck up a favourite
•Ir. After this a comedy in five acts was per-
IIMrmed, succeeded by a ballet, which gavf
general satisfaction, and which detained us tiii
past midnight.
On the third ilay after our arrival, being i^
one of the largest streets of the city, engaged in
conversation with the linguist, whom I haj
i*£cidentally met there, I perceived a man carried
oy in the arms of two others ; his clothes were
very bloody, and he appeared to be dying. On i
inquiring what accident had happened to him, |
was told, with much trnig froid, that he had
just been stabbed, and that the perpetrator of
the deed had escaped. The linguist seemed to
receive the information with as httle emotion u
if it were a circumstance of every day's occur
rence. Yet, it is apparent that no people art
more attached to life ; and, if the crime of mur.
der were held in as general abhorence as in mam
other countries, it would be of equally rare
occurrence. But, in this country, the assassii
generally escapes with impunity ; and this en.
courages a repetition of the crime on ever)
trifling provocation.
In one of our morning walks, Mr. Rouissuiot
and myself went to the convent of Benedictinei,
which is beautifully situated on an eminenci
facing the harbour. Seeing one of the monk
at the door of the chapel, who spoke Italiu
Mr. Rouissillon made known to him our de&iit
of seeing the interior of the convent, when h
civilly expressed the pleasure he should takeii
showing it to us. We were first conducttt
through the chapel, which, as usual in then
establishments, is the pride of the fratemitv
The profusion of ornaments and gold al>out thi
altar, which strikes the eye tm first entering
is very grand and imposing, and probably pro.
duces the reverential effect intended on tin
majority of thooe who worship there. Con. '
tiguous to the chapel is a small room used ei-
clusively as the depositary of some relics ofi
saint, whose history, and even name, I ban
forgotten. Following our conductor, we passed
up a flight of stairs to the cells and the (hning
room. The former are about twelve feet square.
with one window, and are furnished each ^vitli
a bed, a chair, and a table oi ordinary manu-
facture. The latter is about sixty feet by thirtr,
with small windows near the ceiling. On om
side, about midway of the room,, is a pulpit,f]
from which one of the brothers reads a sermon,^
or homily, while the others are engaged at theii
meal.
On the same floor, and in a delightful room,
the large windows of which open upon the hv.
hour, is the library containing from ten to twc
thousand volumes, mostly in the French, ItaUu,^
and Latin languages. My Mend evinced so
familiar an acquaintance with many of these
works, that the monk who accompanied us vu
much astonished. This we discovered by hit
remarking it to a brother then in the room,
and taking occasion to contrast the ignorance
and indifference to literature of their o«tii
countrymen, with the intelligence and laudabb
vliich detained us tiii
AND COMMERCIAT. EKTERPRISES.
!r%
sity of these foreign youths. The revenue
lis fraternity is said to be very large, from
and coffee plantations. They number
forty good healthy-looking men, who may
apposed to be leading innocent lives, but,
inly to appearance, very useless ?nes. On
Ig leave of our good-natured conductor, he
civiil / invited us co come again. The pub-
[or royal gt\rden, which is about two miles
l-east fron; the city, and on the border of
ay, is susceptible of beirg mado a beautiful
and lounge, as it is shaded with many fine
and is open to the full influence of the
«eze ; but it is in a dilapidated state, is
neglected, and but little frequented,
thing can be imagined more beautiful than
icture presented on enterint^ the Bay of Rio
On the left is the remarV-^ble high rock,
form of a sugar-loaf, inr ming north very
lerably from a perpendi' ular, and bound-
at side of the entrance. On the right is
[i.'!'«.ble and beautiful fortress of Santa
near to whose walls ships must pass to
the deep water, and from which they
led by the sentry. In front, and appar-
^1n mid-passage, is a small rocky island, on
is a battery ; and beyond this is the bay,
t great extent yet to discern the extremity.
|lf between this small island and the point
Ita Cruz, the bay is entered, and the
becomes more picturesque. On one
le city, with its clmrches, its convents,
laces and houses, and a battery, occupy
i>nt ground. In the rear, and at a greater
>n, is seen the aqueduct, constructed with
ers of arches. On the other side are
lllar hills, beautifully clothed in verdure,
reral of which are perched neat white
is and convents, whoso inhabitants seem
withdrawn from the rest of the world.
1 these, the horizon is liaiited by a range
jular'y uneven mountains, which, from
Beinblance, are called the Organ-pipes,
bay, immediately in front of the city, are
fthe ships of war, beyond which, and
the Ilha das Cobras, which forms the
'harbour, is the forest of masts of the mer-
ships. The intercourse kept up between
ty and St. Domingo and Praya Grande, on
pposite side of the bay, by meant "f nu
Is small sail-boats, give^ life and an uiation
scene and an harmonious finv a, which
brs it perfectly beautiful.
He city itself, independently of its natural
stages, and the beautiful scenery by which
[environed, has nothing to recommend it tc
tranger's attention. Its palace is of ordinary
truction, neither remarkable for size nor ar-
ctural proportions. The convents, like all
ings of that description, have the appear-
of prisons. The cathedral, being only
jly built, had neither shape nor comeliness,
[houses generally appear to be well adapted
le climate ; but I observed nothing in the
exterior of any of them, which would indicate
the wealth which is attributed to many of the
inhabitants. The aqueduct, by which the city
is supplied with water, is decidedly the most
useful, and probably the most costly, public
work to be seen here. It commences near the
Corcovado, where the waters are collected in a
covered r s> -oir, and are thence conveyed intt
the canal, i which, protected from the heat of
the f"7i, *hey reach the city without losing their
ft^s .nes"
FiuQ.iig that we could not dispose of our ciige
here, and having provided the stores requMte
for the passage to the Chilian coast, there WM
no inducement to prolong our stay beyond the
time limited at our entry. We therefore, on tht
9th, cleared out at the custom-house, and
moved the vessel from the harbour into the bay,
that we might be ready to take advantage of th«
land-breeze early the following morning. Hay*
ing apprised the captain of the port of tldf
intention, he came on board in good 8easoB>
end conducted us out till past the castle, when
he took leave with the customary salutation,
and we pursued our course to the south.
The occurrences during this passage, withOBC
melancholy exception, were as uninteresting as
is common on such voyages. The change of
latitude brings a change of weather, and this
causes the most important, if not the only
variety in the daily routine — that of reducing
and spreading sail more frequently, as we ad*
vancc toward the stormy parallel. On the first
of February we saw land to the westward, being
in latitude 54**40' south. But, having head-
winds for several suco'cding days, we made
scarcely any progress till the 5th, when we
took a breeze from the north-west, which, after
a few hours, came from the north-east; and
next day, from east-north-east, from whence it
continued a fine breeze throughout the day, and
increasing in the night, so as to oblige us to
take in top-gallant sails, and, before morning,
to reef our topsaUs.
On the morning of the 7th we perceived the
water to be discoloured, and soon after saw
Cape Horn to the westward, distant nine or ten
leagues. Soon after the wind shifted to the
south-south-east, and thence to south-eooth-
west, blowing in squalls, with great violenoe,
which obliged us to furl the fore-top sail and
close reef the main one. While engaged on the
latter, we had the misfortune to lose John Green,
a Norwegian, who fell from the yard, struck his
head against the main chains, and fell into the
sea. He was seen but a moment, his head very
bloody, and then disappeared. An immediate
and general rush was made to clear away the
tmat, but a moment's reflection was sufficient t«
satisfy every one, that the boat could not fail
to be swamped immediately in the high and very
irregular sea, which had been created by the
sudden shifting of the wind. Nor had it been
otherwise, wovdd it have been of any vnAl, w
t
i>^ Mb*^ m ihp bpAtI hut»» hrtve bfcH ft»tiil.
\\\i^, h »<>«• \\\\\i\P or ItiV rtn-i vll^otH- rtt f>PKJlfi
j|irt?:nil MV Ihf »4rt5>tol- rt>Wt ofHcrVs. I'ltli tits-
V.H»l«itt| PVf >H cAhI rt g\tmU4 m \\\^ n\)M\.ft rtr rtll
m HbrtV^, SvtUo^i Wrt"* l\<>t ri^tUotv nt\\»i'pi< t1i>Hhg
Jl^ft rt'rt\Ahliir> of U)!' j^rtsiiU^p, «nV UUMp^* sopHp*
Ito^ Wt^W itvtH'rttli)*^*, (n rt »rr(^»-pp, iihjltpvrt»pt! thn
rttolliftcHtttt* ttl' ft^c )>rt!»t.
Wi» ^^»»|i»rt «rtW ti* ptj[lPV)r«rp. rt Mirft»(c« nF
lh*l tp*^U>rsh*nnH \VpA»1\i'»- I^m \v)>»pj» I'rtju' Ho^M
(I Id i\>««lV frtn^pit HrthI rtliti n»h«(«»»pi) Rrtlpi*
ftfrttti ft\e \vp»i\vrtvit. t\\\\M\iK \\)\\v\\ wp p.>>i)J'o»Jy
He \t\i »m»ip i^rtvx so mh\, ty\\\\mf(\\ In »»»lit«(n>»-
W»h tnAl »1^p sippi d«<< sUrtW \a\ \\\\ \)\r \.\vm\\v\
me or \\\f mMi WW \^A'>\ Wfww'. Af \v\\i^\\\, rtf-
tw hrtv\»\tt cortipnAptl miM-p tlvArt rt wpplt \\\\\\
AiAVt'V$\i> \v\«»<» rt»w1 \mW»p>-rtns WpMI^p*-, wp, \\Ai\
\W *At5«l^p'Hnu of A frtViMnttlilp i"\\rt»i|j;p, \\\\\A\,
v6m)Mi\^ \\\\\\\s\\i olhpv hn.\itpt\« \\i\\\\\\ or
m\^, crtVVlrti ns to O^c \\rtV of VuhirtVrti^o. wWvp
^. AW\t»\ 0« OVr ?U^ i\rt> or r'phnirtvv. I^rt?.
fbrty-rtve i^ftV* A-i\o\ h<o .Uoohi). rtoil Wu'^utiog
mfmi^A. m « rimrg*. ,
|0W>>oHWb». n<>^wm\»iii>(M'n \\\\\\ \\\i'Uy\\f\^\ni. —
X?ii««tP4-J>rt)l of ^^t> T.^<nTVnoV pr I^AirtlAiiA. — A(.
AmpitiMY)* oo^^ovp.— Olonf* 0Ait>M lo tlipmrt'H
t»ii?tvAtii ^1^ ol rtlnVOirtji jiPrti'o ■ V>i>Ai'h.>VV.
IW^.ni-* Bi'iJl y>1nlftApv of t'\fl iT!\:>r\»i1.- ,Vni>\ii'ftH<>«
y4V>»»- _^Vii>iU»io¥( !o IrrtVP (Up \\<\\\. — tW.
<'?WkWM IA « 0^va1 om.Tv iN-^iro ft fninv/im^ftta,
t^W^ tyina in i>ot+. Up doxiivd o* oo< io ortst
l*te^W*r tin ihp ow|>t(on hnii juvipnio.l himspll \<\
tW |f(S\wT\o\ RTid ol>i«inoi1 hio v«'i'frti«ivnn. Ton-
<«»<pw»flt1\', V*M1p Mr. ShftliM ftii>>m)^nnip«l Ovs
0(#kw <x> tho jtviNorncir, Wt )aN ort n'i,< oo in
tW W-. Moiv than «n honv \\ht\ oli^upd W-
f(W )ii«i ivlnm xWlh « |>Pvnii«iMon l-o unvliov,
t»Ml to ivmsin till ft i>o^>1n wwM W ivrpi\tM
fr<*m thp oi\pfsin.|(rnoTtil M Srtn1i«f^». lw onvrr-
<(WS1 fo\ ^o^Vp to KTtpt^h onv wnntin. f>v \N^irh
• ^Ihq^nh'h XN-w* to >M» fov\xi»i><V<^ iwrofflidto^x-.
W<> WfiT HiirpnsM to find no Jps» ih«n Ainv
\mfrtonn x-ossoK hn'nft hoiv, x-ir. thr ship Hdzmxl,
01' iVovirtfniH*. on K \wnjr«> similnv to onv own,
<(«**iTMvi on ««pWon of l>oin|r Kn|rli»h. '<iv>w thp
-rtfewmtt^ntv M boina *Ttifi«vi ; th*" nhip MiUnti-
fiMiO unri sohoona- tSncoo, ot Not^Kic)*, l''on-
MCthnit, WH'h with >l»l«iihJ<> odiyoo* of KNMil-
Mdnt tuViPti K\ tV Tslaril of Mssaftorn hoth<^-
IttlHml, WhI rtHftJlt ... _
linvlhn »ll|»t»l!pit R»ijtllslt i»Htt»lpp»-t(, Hi*"*! oil (1^
portst, ttltit iitovUliin* nitipit llipy hml olihiit,,.
lit trtlprtltiiiiitn ; mill llip <i|ilii 'hj-rti, of ^^
\\\\\v\, rt wlirtlp*-, rtlst) ilptiilttpil flt^ rtil»«np(l itiiri,
tt-rtrtp. tf UP «T^p !HH|ti lupit hi ttippt KM III!,,,,
or oiii- poiiiiH viiiPH lipi p, «p ivpi-p pitiialiv iiuMii
rtpti, rtiitl In Rittiip ilppipp rtlrtMiiptl. foi 1)111 (in.
srtWy, \\s iliitt Mipm rtll ll«lip^ spI^uip. v,,
«tUlp HP vlolrttPit HO liHV, rttlrl ^PHllhpil Ho iill,n
tlirtlt H»p pilvllpg>'» sppilt-pti Us U9 hy ttCrtty, «,
poUliI m\ IipIIpvp Mlrt^ MP ullrttllil lip ttiolpiiii)
Oti thp tlilHt ilrty rtftpl- tlip g[»)v>'»)iot-> iiiH
gpHgpt- lirtil l»pp») illsjiwipltpilj rt »-p|>ly H^rts tpiriu^
ftoiH Oip p«)»trtlH-|^n»»p|rtl, tlic pnvjioi-i or wW
Wtta, ihnt ou»- UttMrtftp lirttl hppii m %mA ilim w.
pohIiI hot hp IH Hrtiii or onulnloiis, If ttf 111*
pHHiitpil %\\A\ qimtitUv IH Kiuo|ipas upodfiliii
lirtvp tlt>Hp, \S\\\ if It WpVp OtitPt-WUe, liliil nil
hv wIiIpIi wp )>io)>ospi) lirtvlHg ft>t- tllphl, in i
m\ m I'rtvU, wrtu lurttiiHissililp. ( AMil, tltpti riih
thrtt It \sm\\\^ tUopllpHpy'n oHipt- timt wt»«lii)iiir
Iprtvp tlVP \m\. At thrt Pttiltrtllou of twptii) fiv
\\m\i i^\r\ Hlls ilotllkrttloH. t^t h>»»\rtHnl»itl!i„
withtliPitovpHwn-, rtHtl jiolhttHpr out to l»!i»\ iii
lul\m\\n»\riy orilvUIHRiis to sprt, wlillp Itt 1»iwpi
MOH or so MHrtll A »m>|)ly or ll»P tllSl HPPPMnii«
»^r lltV, iw VPH trinrtrtHtly poMupHIpiI to Oiil \<
\m\\\\\\'f^ rtOOtHpj- )»08t 5 rtOi< PVpM jHOIHlnPil u
innkp rt ooop t^v<imrtl»lp ipjioH ort tl»c Ht-gpnu
or 010- iWM>p«<»l»|ps thrto l>p lirtii rioitp. Hut «i it»
ohlri \vrt» »ritp»-flipi<, \vpi|oiihieiim«ltnvh>g|)rt
tbvOip*^ his iih>mlsp, rtrtti thpii»tH»-ptlptp»iMliirilt!
Wi-ifp ill^tptly to tl\p oAjitrtlo-jtPHPJrtl.
Io pool\^nolty \vitl\ fhls ilopiMoH, Mv. slmh
A<<i1iTS<»p(t rt IpttPi to tliP P*)»tAlH |PHp»hI, III iIk
SprtOi^h Irtopitrtifp, PX|>iTsslo» lUs Mtf|Hlnp n» it»
oiMpv t\^v Ills ilppnvtofp. witnont Ati\»hll»g \w
\\\f. sop\^llps vvhicli wpi* lotllspposAhlo, aH'I i'-
which imnlsloH \w\ hce« »nrti|p hy tipnn
" \^vsoioiO|c thnt his ft\ppilpt\oy's lntPtitloHs Im
hprn mispooppivp*! hy tho {tim'Vitov. ho hml \n
\\\\x\\ to \1isoh<>y fho otilpv. rti\<) to votonlii I
\>ovt till thp irppptloo of his Kxpollpttpy's w
p\y." A pn>n>pt k\\\\ vpvy pollto AHswpt to \\>
ipttpv WAS ivppi\T(l> nvno'tlog iij ppvoilssiiMi i
xopply oovsrivvs with p\Tvy thio^ wo ilpsiioi
And. \>hnt wns \pvy pxtvnotMlnAvy. irlvlrtiit o«iv,.
thrv pp^ioixniott, which hrt«! rtot" i»pp« A?>lio,l, ,v
soUiofj: so o^^^ph of fho x-t^v^ as \\a\\\\\ \w sin
f^nont 10 pAV fov iho sopphps. At^ov whi'li.lK
(1psiir«^ Wt* XMW\h\ loANP tho ^^OVt ImniPihrttrh
And «ddpit. ihAt if xxr pototrd Any othpv |wn
on fho ooAst, wr shooW ho iivAtpl\ ns romn
l>An«hsts.
Vhp lAtlrv prtmip-Aph of his KxopUpopyMpit«
pxidpnilx t»onx-pypd A iJooht in his o\in<l, «W
ihov o«v dt'stinAliow Awd \\\t ohjpti of oin \mv
A|CP WAK X^^XAt XXV hAi\ StAtM tl \\S hp. U
hAXilVy StthjO^ix^d OWVsOlXf S tT> tho tWO»tirti'Htfi«
of hftxiixg iho I'omvtnoss of ouv sfmitui*
<tonh«r^, ihotv wvmod tx^ Ivp no othov n'mi-*
thArt j>A(tPo<Y Artd fx>iVAmwo^. At m) >*•*
«f. Iitiif niiUclfintM. \\p (iHtciiml tm
\n\mn, rttiit |irtltl fof tItriH Ik ttltl(ll(frtl•♦lt^P'^,
npt-** Mi^rtgpd 111 srlHIng im «fc«i(ttif«i
i^itttiK tt« "itt (Ipprliirp oil llif •iiMffrtw,
ll|»itPHtty fXfPPlJpil n MJtuHll ttlllPP OH^ «N
Rll wp wpfp tuinMiixclinu »(f wfmf n itny wotilil
H| fitHh, rttiil rtHlfrly (iiittrp(mi-pil fof n ffNiM
BHfnrhinntp pvptifi, lii wlilcti pvptv AliipHcnii
i>H ««"» »»i«tP t)f Ipm liivtilvpil. If «jt[)PrtH'il
|»nrt «»r tltp rttrgo of Mip Rlil|t MnziiHl pnti-
. hf tiMi^kPt*. iltpsp iTPt-p ilptitnittlpil hy tlip
^i'hftt' »»n |»»-p»ptf «f Itpliin coiilirtlmtitljtf Vent,
^('tp tPtv |»tiHtPtly tpftl-^Ptl liv ('rt|itrtlti
Iti, wliH sirttnl lit liip jt(H pctiof (hut tlipy
ii»l<pti ttti Imrtt-tl nt n (ictiftal miH.Hinl tlipy
\M lipstltiPil l« ntiy |tt»f» «»f IliP ptiPMiips »)f
ij mill tlint Mipy tllil imt come iiiitlrr tlinslt-
ntllrln of lltp fH'rtty.
\\\!H not slrtv Itrip v.i' Itrtti rtsPpHitlhprt flml;
Bilittl gotPtonr itf Hip fdrtrP wrt"*. «lfll III*
^) on « visit to flip pi»)(!t«l, rtiiil tlinl: Hip
hHIi whom tt-p liitil ItppH tfpntliig, nml
iUfpsPMHiil liPl-P Hip itirtjpsfy of S|»rtlti, l>iHi
Altt hntip|«Ptl (1t»»-«'lil rnVirtsVo, nnn tin of-
ii iMfptlof (rt-ftiip, rtpHiin Its ftovprtiiiMliii-lMft
iPltrp of M* •iii|iPHof. Doll Aliloolo wm
[Ihty ypttt-n of ngp, of iilpitsliig; iiiiiiiiipm, of
l(l>'Mtoii5 pomitPiiniipp, mill tt|i(mrpiitly of
|x|ionltloii I hilt of no iIpi'IsIoh iif i'lin-
ronti-ttptpil inlHil, )iiirt\'il iin with tn-
Itiil roof'oiitttlpil Hi thp niiilnt'lty thnt fthoiihl
[ko i-pfiisp poiin»ll«iipp with mi onlpf glvpii
hump of hl« kliitt! IiiiIppiI, hi hln jipmoii,
Ijtpt-, mA piiprti'ltlPK, thptp Hrtu » ntHkliin
^ImU'p to thp iioitritit; ilrnwo hy Cpt-vmiiin
pplphmtPi! novpiimt of Hm-rttnHrt.
m-li|p of thp govpiiioi- V '•viitt<Mt|y
M liy thp tpfiisnl of ttownn 'v liU
|M of thp Miiinkpt^t itml hln "' 'Wjii-nt,
M to ohtnhi thpiii wpip rnlpiiliitpil to .-t
kU t\illy, mill to liit'iPrtdp hh moHlrtpnijuh
MIIp fl'plln|t«. to nii|i|io«p, with hlR fcphlp
■t thrtt hp poiihl popii'P n i'om|illmiP« with
fetimli«l» WM to (•iimiosp thp AiiipHphii to hp
»♦ « |ioUhmii «s iiliiinplf. A« fm-, howpver.
*ttri«|it poiilil jmivp It, hp t'erfttliily ttltl
to ilrt no,
tmo|» of Hip prHnon, nhoiit thii-ty lit
r, with ihuiim iirntliia mtil piilniirn »||«.
i» wpiif wvn mmvhhig fiom Hip rnntlp to
-«hoi-«», III tlip Aftpiimou of Hip ilny on
thp mii«Kpt« hmt hppii i^fiispil. Uimmt,
\\(M on thp Alpt-t, rhw thpin Pinhnrk In n
Unnoh, myoin|M»nlpil hy thp novprnor, unit
itc\[ hlmni'ir ftir ii'(«l«t«npp. Tlip Imint'li,
with mwpim mill sohllpin w«i pnopmlvply
|pi\, K)i|miHoh(>() thp lUf.iitil with thp roynl
in flytng. Whpn within hull of thp Nhlp,
r«wn«r ntoiul ii|», nni) dpiniinitpil If lift
_ iH>wf on homnl. ttowi»M rp(tllpil, tlmt ho
M \)* h*|>py to lip hononrril with his coin-
hut thnt he w«uW tiot jienMll gny one of
U\% nnhW^tn ih cmm dtt hiiflfd. th« itMitcii «ft-
jitonehrd npfltpf iti (hp «lil|i, to tinabiif ihn put-
llfio to coMveMP with ftiofft PMP. the grttfefMtft
Hgrtin fbfitifllty (Ipiniihile^t the (iurfpn((ef ttt tUp
Amn, Ktiil win ftgithi rsfiHpd. lie tNttrntittiiefit
ntiil iii-gpil the cotisp^titpiipe<« of rpKlsHti^ the Hit-
♦hoHty of the king's rppfpseotntlvP. Hut It wtti
itll iiiinviilling t hikI perpelvlHg thdt neither
ihrpnts nor fiersimslon had the deslfcd fcffed<
thnt nriiiPil hpoHIpji wpfe utatloned at the gntifi'
ways of the ghlf). ami tliP proper preea)itto(i<l
taken agnln«it a roup ttv imtn, he retoroert itf
the shore with his soltllers, ileeply wioftlfled#
j'xcps'ilTely Irritated, and vowing vengeanee.
ttiit It id ttot (intisual, that what Is dotid H
Hip moment of Breat eKclletoent is not of lli#
most Indlrioiis eharactpri and that hy soffetlHg
onrsplves to lie controlled hy our passions, w«
commit nets which Increase the aosiirdity 0/ A
ridlenlons itositlon. and augment otir emhatcaii-
ments, this was precisely the case with th«
governor In this Instance. Without adverHnf
to conseipiences, hut Influenced hy the *lole«e*
of his passlim, he, Immediately on landing, or-
dered every Amerlcnn who could he found oil
shore to he arrested and shut on In the eastle.
Shrtler, lloulssillon, and myself, heing of thM
niimher, were accordingly arrested, and, with
four others of our countrvmen, were marched iH
pHsnn In eharge of a flie of soldiers, who, hy
their conversntion during the time, evinced that
their feelings were In unison with those of tln>
governor.
At the same time with the order for our ar-
rest, and as if to consummate his folly, the go-
vernor niiiile aooHier attempt to Intltoldate, hy
MrilerliiR Hie captain of a large Spnoish ship,
wlilcli miiiinted eighteen hetivy guns hetwitt
links, to liHiig his hroadside to hear* on th«
HdTurd, and to order tier 'iilonrs to he hauled
<l>MVfi In tnkcnof siiliii "i- II, on penalty of ifehijt
"link After wlint li-l «i i-urred, to ninke such
n Hirenl ullhiinf ilnriug to take the rcspmislhl.
IK <if ixecutlii It, served only to Incrensp the
awkwniiliiess of thi. govprnor's position. Wlillfl
all, hoth on shore «(• ' m Itomd the shipplnt,
were watcliltiij wiHi uteiisp inii rest the lesiiit
of this thrtnt, M limit wasohseived on hoard
the Itarar ' eiiKnged In nailing the colours in
tlie mast. A mure slgnlfleant reply could not
posslhly he inmle 'llie governor wiis foiled i
and a ealni -m ■ <led the storm, during th«
time require,! mpntch a courier to the cap.
taln-ge»ii.iai h| to roeolvw hli instruction In
the ease.
t)nr arrpst nrevented our salting, as we In-
tended to ito, tlie same evening, llnving passed
a most nneonifortalite night, without Tieds, In
the eastte, where we were atinoyed liy myrlada
of fleas, and tiavini been without food of any
kind since noon of the preceding day, we wrote
to the governor in the morning, requesting to b*
provided with foml and tiedi. Onr letter waf
niturntNt unopened t hut atwut tioon, hy s ter«
lat^^^X
'«■ v«
iMnlHpHv Wftfc ilVKH «» h» i»i m ImuHl ttHi^
twi>«i'l\v« nhUiV W»* tti'ii* »li>«T>inil or »»''* !»»■».
UttH-AHrtuily j»Him'>wl, WW m A|i«ltijitv «l«nmh)i*
W>kn»> Irt ^«*' l^»v ti*** AMiTuslhH. ir'wrtu flnrtlly
ttMi»rttt» ni u»rt^«ri of Oii* v«»*»»»l. <«)tht)li1 H'ttmlM itt
wwvuirt»«. thu wtw n ili»>»»H«l«rt»lt»« 0)1 w hit'h
hrtHeclluv, hf wpttf it» tt»p x'mh, null R»rrtl«||t
W i« tth httftvti <»l!« Wn'iA Attil ||»HS('»t»«rr »i» nrrt.
»^(Vln| H wrlUrrt *|M»l(Vfty «\m «mt«l<»«l«p: »«. lip
mvtIMmt tlvltti; It IV»ml«M»»Mvnn H»p"« nMtml
^ Wtt\'l *« »»Xtt»v*s, WUh A IpHp*-, 1« «l\r rnit-
Hlw-ii?«»'\'Al, Tl^W hrjm'^i'u^t^hMily A«tl n»ir>liy
trlN^*!*!!. mA II^px turttlruly !>«n»ti>il nil' to h^
t>*H«lp«tl Ihp j>»T'<>rtfrtM«M»^ \\\\\A\ \\v wns turth-
tti: Irt Pv»m\>pl « »nvn'««|pv of thr llnrrt>tl. tl«p
rtWP^-* ftsv Nvhiph l^p t^\|>PO«p<l fo vpoptvp ihp
h\\h\^\\^'y 1l^p tt*fr»tMl>|p wu .;>« i\>v irriis'MR n
wm^iUftnop wHh tl\>' pt>vpv«ivv'« onlpv fo ^o ;«»
l«* Ms tt> ^^^^rt^tt «rtt\*fi»ptto«, vpt U(p trni ortn^c
(6f t>uv VlrUy sv^» il\p \\xs\\<f ttrtil WUpf of hpi«n
*W h^ )>M\<|PV PSSPUt^rtl JtMAtOP \tt rtidlHg 1o PX-
\\A\MX: Uowutt (\i\m l»i» ilii|\i<«lM«'<. H wn^ pvt-
<l*ttl t\mt tlvp j(n\rv\\<M tli'»hfil ottly tl»p nrtH<'Mo«
^^t \\\^ <-i{\)M\^\\ v;f\\p\i\\ to nl»pmj)t i'OP»r(OM i
«n<l, tn f»\|w>rtn't(o« of ^vvptvton it, \w \vm«
tt<*V\ng tlNr ^r.\\(i'«(«p jMrj>W(\tlOtts. Thp noMlrvn
i6f tW |An-i««M\ noil t))p \sojH«\nt'p wt'it' h\\M\\ p\\-
|CA|;^, «w»i^t*v tl\p «<(»v\>tt»>tt rtf thp p:t>\t»voo»-, \\\
SWi»v| «^wwii>\^ <w PXovy »li«vvttrt« u\ Wm OMthp
HlK*. VW trtl\rtl)il««t» of thp hoospn (0 tho vi-
(M^^iiy Wt> thpm, ««<! »vt(ml t»> tl\p hUN. thp
*ohVtvy Arttl l>«stlp »>f hnsittpsx hrtil j;Ui»o \>lrt0P
^ th^ V<vi>«\"Att<>w *rtil r\otii»»»«iMM of WrtVi rtO<l
tV »>rt«f\«»<\>W «Wil A(^|>ivt\PO»».>o n>oltl \\t\\^\\\
hnvt W« rVvi^M. \f t^^p 1t>\VM l\nil hppo ort thp
(Vrtini of Wtrtu «hKp« ^^v i^MUntl.
NX'^ilt' Mv. Ho«««!«t\to»> *tt«l my«p\f wt^^-^ wnlV-
W«lH thw^tjr^ ot\p M tl>p '■My>t»«n, \>T p«n>«wtp»vi|
tJw gONwtt'ftv, \\h<> sjklot.' ; >*«, aM h»Vp»I w.p (f I
^ft"** «ot n'PVt in <Mwo>' \.t on ho^nl U\ Mr.
$^aW. An^NVii'nnj; 'in On' («ll<vm«(\\-p, \\^ ov-
^IwM trt^k vy» iriN on l>oi*<>l. sn^l ^>^^^^•^^^ U\ rim
<!y*l "Nvy w^miivp; ihm \ ^^>^^IH not jn >!^ Jtho>»t my
trtqhtli'in, >*<» t>»tv*tt»nf^ t>rt M«» tl<* N^^*o\. *M(i,
XrttHow v^nH-ini; <\>v M ivj\ly, Vpt> n« rthr«|Mly,
#Nt< «qv)(vj«Tynily <n i»n Anjtiy woo«l. In i^pt^ninv
iMT »^ 1V»Uox\-in(t Aa\\ Iwing <hp fon\ih <\Mm t.1\p
b*flV*«nin|t M hoM'itiitios, ihpf'Vi^roM ftvn\Ttl 1V^^m
^yitiHtfo. hrnftinit * loitx^t to Oa^m r Mom .in
<Nvw m t>«>|>t(nn^nonpr(»l. tt <vni hhI ouoh
|Wfyvw»<w> of iv^^WM, if h** wonM <>om|>;- « jtl\ thp
W^jWisirion* of jfowmw^'nt hy tlolivoi ji n|> tt\t>
itn«*», thw ^^ x^nn in<i««i>M tii> yioW Vhf «m\»
'WW (K»otv)tnf(ly <IHiwrf4 ut ih< >r,la' of tho
)ft> v ew>tt i \ iiwl hn i>e«ei(il ^«» fer tU<?ni« Yh«
n,lrvie:,ANH »4 vnvAnk*
|thHt>ttfot(N t^JHtiil, hIiIcIi tiHtt ttppti ltmi'hlH|m«
tltP AlfttltH Hf Ottf Pt»»)HttfmP« lit tlllR |ll«r^. ^
ttPrtfPil tt» lip HOW lIlMlilltnil. 1'llh PdtittiM Irf
ilpilrttipp. wlilt'li li»tl lippti ttrtvliig oM tlip mIiIn
rtttti nt tiip frtittip ritiiii ilip IipkIiiiiIiik hf iiir di,
jiiitp, ^vpip lintilpil )liMtrMi till- fniKiim, wlilihin^
llPPlI llttlH|U»|-»Ptl ttl lIlP Itl'rtfll, «PH' h'llifiif*
to IIipIi' aimIpiiI imnlHoiit tlip spiitilen ni'to n
lotigpt uppii ttt Mip tto»i|»wnyit of tlip llrtritnl: ii,,
old WrOIOrO Attil pIiIViIipO fPfliniPtl to tiiPli liiil
tnlloii^t Aiiil pvpty lltltig hultpitipil |ipiit>i< m,.
»-ppo«p.
I'ltln tpjm?p. Iiowpvpf. \^M only Hip trpaplwdii«
pAlm thrtt |iipt'pi|pn tiip liiit-t-lViiiip. ilip pn
VPiitof poiilil not Ittoolt tlip Inillttittly lie Ii:i<
mtllVtPtl. tlip VPil»Prtllt'P llp llltif vowp'l. nM
\\\\U'\\ hp lirtti not tlip poornitp to Inhp o|ti'iili
hp iIpIpHhIopiI to PSPt'Otp tfpm'liPMoiPtly t «iiilli«
t«pA»oipi, wIiIpIi «pip t«hpM hUIi pfpi'it Rpiiiv,
^.otl with tlip «tliniilo!« of iilnndpi*, npip pxpiiHk
with Koph loipppM, Ati ttiimt hrtvp mtllMllpil |<>
higltpit rtoihltlon, niul npivpil «•, n btiiiii to k
wocnilptl fppllnnn.
toi thp pvpnhitt of thp iliiy hIipo Ihp toimbt
wpip «0Hp«i|p»pi1, Ml'. UoolKHllloit Ami ,iiy«r
Witlp A \\n\\ to thp HOVPHIOI-, Aott l\ointl him i
lip A< n(ft\hlp nml jtlpA^rtnt m wah nntiirAllv in I
PX|»Pr>t»nl on BtlAlOlOfI thp ohjppt of tvhli'li h
hflil no long lippo lo imisnit. Mb hoppil «-
i«hoolil jn-opppil to upa thp npxl, dAV, miil K
•iniird why llonnii did not poiop on ilioip i nM
lOtt. to onV «u«|nl«p, thnt If lip did tiot inin.
vohintnilly Up nhoold orp popipIom. VVp nnsniB
him of onv hpllpfi thAt hid not hnvliig hpi<n n
nhovp that dAy war AopidpiilAl, And notfinniiwi
A|»|>iT»hpn«lon of intdp"»tntlon i hpRgpd hliii imiii
thioK of poph'it>n, nnd oIIVumI oni- niminiitp
thrtt hp nhonhl |«piipnt hiinsplf nt thp pAstIr n
ihp moinlW|ii. tin IpavIiiij thp Rovefiun w
WT»n» on hortid thp ItARMtd, nod ip.|m»tptl ii
Wownn oni- ponvpinntlon with thp ^upitw'
Up hAd no hpMtAtion in dptpintinini; to ncl n
APt>«ntUni<p with hin dpMir, liy vinltinK himi
PAHV M it WAR )>PVmittPll Rtl-AOgPI'!* to lip n
sho\-p.
tVRHnu, IM thiR InRlAttw, H too i-PAdy nttti)* ;
rtnop, In whiph o*r« th« 0)>)u)Huitlty fitf t-pvi'ur
v.onhl pioApp him, thp tovpfinn- muRt hAvi> li*^ '
PVPiy thiott idrtoopd rtniV|np|>Alt<d In thp cvri'
iofir, j>it>hr»l)ly wIiIIp wv wpi-« with hini, tt» »««* ^
«mhp \\\% tH»\vrt»illy dpRign In iliA inoriiiiiK. N
fnv It V. rt« npiinittpd How-Alt to poine rtn ilum
Thp IrtonohpR, wl»iph wp«t> mrwI to tii(iiii|HV
whortt l\i\m thp Rhon» to tliP lui-gp Khip lirHif
nipntionptl, (tn^Rpd nnd iv)tiiftRf d nPAr tliP Wvm
whdp IhuR pn|rA!(T>d I i>imRpmn»ntly, thpy woiik
pwitp no RnxiUoion whpo AmmwpitinK tipnr iki
ship. An pntPc^n-iRp, involvlnt ro llttlr lisl
*nd w htoh jM>nnlRv»d ro g^ddpn a ItArvpRt of |tlu»
dor, hud noi <o wAli for th« r«uuiRt(« nntohpr*
mpn, Ahont two hnndivd ruttlAnR, wnipd v\i
ptRtidR, RW^>r«<R, «od knlvMit (Molmrkpd in iIk
i*«noh«»» ommI for Ortvvylnn whptt, Aud ho«nl»<
Ut« lU«<utl» oil ««cU »id«>» wlill« h«r men «tit
Aftt} tUlMMKflCI/ll. fCfftftllfniHRJI.
If
iti-ly off Hifir »»««•«•» OMPit«|tl»'l»rt« »»f any
M 'tf hewMIHjr. T«i »»!»»• thHr U*m, hhpH rtf
I dfiiw n<( wf'fi' fthlp mni\i' * h««f y rpf ••♦•nt t« thfi
I, Hiif ♦lipfl' Wf-rc two imor f^llown ItlfiB
I IM ♦hr'lf hii»f»m««'kni iittfl »li«'«i« WPfn (mtii
fiftmult woiiMfl»«tl. MowNti nun nftt-fiwii
. ihf vHixi'UHf*' Of Mif fmnHltH »it ♦((»• Mn-
Ici' of rtti ttWtfr, f nkuM ImtiU'dliitelf on uliofp,
»»• «r»«f»»« ttf iiliiMflrf wul potifttilMM i»lil»4i
jieii ItfURmf nil tli"<crl|iHMH. IVfi-rlvlnn rJint
: iUliHilt'f ««■< IlkMy ♦«» •»« "»•••■«• PifpHMv**
ll« linti iiniitlNPrl, '♦»•♦! unvntmt mpni m
fAi wHIi It |»HHy «»f KrtUlli'M, Iff nrtM^ Itt
^Mf«. Htit llP mtoM rtHi'OVPi-i'tl tlirt* It I*
b hi kK « itmli Itt ttmtltitt thnti fo C'liitrol It
HtAn. NVHIi lil(« tilttttmt fllVtrln, nldftl hy
IWlillfru, mul l»y tltn ••niititmitdHtit of tltp
UHi-hotidt* niiitrilN tltnl U\n ««»pIIH»"i, hn mnn
llilt* ttf rPdlnHtin iltf |)riittt-t'«« »»f Ihw (ilitti
|, tttiHl, lii'litu tinllHfMtl, llipy rMrrufpil wlUi
Jnitly l«i ihp uliitfr, nn «|i|M»r*iitilty offVfptl.
titii-*' frnp Ittit ft^w ffittnliilttfr, he mir-
in ill tlfhlttn tltftn ftwny, uml plufwl flii«
Mm HinruP of tlif itiiitM.
lerittt'li nil nchlpvftiiptit, titifh « grttliprlttj^
(ItH, tlipri' w»« miitii» liHf.nMl to h forrlxiu'r
lltiK Of! Ill* ■iivfittmr, pvpn tli»iit«lt It wcrp
ililttiti>tit (iltii. Hut, liHiin dHPMiiltii'il
jkit! i<n|ittlti.|i(PiiPrnt Rlidiiltl tinyp (iiir vpr-
' tlip trniiKitt'lloii, I I'nllfrl on liloi nt itooii
lute III UPtiil nil Pt|»tf"i» to tlip fnnltnl fti
^iilit of tlip iiittrii|vPi ntii) (o (Ipttiniiil thnt
II tliprp wlilcli wp n«hp«l lit vnlo Iipi-p. In
||ry tiitip, nod InntPiiil if t-pplyitin to tny
' It, liP lin|illfpil If w« wprp ilpslroiid of ptd-
Rliliti to Nprvp UN In (lin ninntipt' li«i ItnH
IP Hliili ? I rp|il|pit, Hint t iiopptl (Itprp
itnnitc*' *^f ****!' •'ntiHltiR liitii niiy ittovnr.i.
jbiit ulioiilrl It lip niir nilflfortiitip to ilii (wi,
pxipiit IntltiiAtPil, ttipte punlil PiUt no
Tor Duph vliilpot iiiPNNiirpK nn lind lippn
Itu^^nrih tlip iilil|it n« no rpfllKtntinA woittd
|tlp. I tlipn rpoinrkpil on tliii iidvnntiiRp
liiiiltl i-PKiilt to thp i^ovpriinipnt In kpppin|^
tlip riililtip, Htitl tlinn Mppuring tlin wlmif
Ifty. I ntntpil nUo tlint Mipr« i^ero tnnny
Itilp Inntriiinpntn, I'lmrtM. mill book^ on
I, wltlcii wniklft ltd iinpftil tn (Iia NpiinUli
IP, liiit wlilcli nilKlit lin ilPKirnypd If, nn Iia
itpd, "lip Npivpti iiK in (tin innnnpr ItP hnd
ItliP nlitiM" mill I rpppntpd n hopp tlint Iia
' not do m, Hpplnft Hint I wnii not to lin
iKidHtrd, And war, ninrnovpr, dntprnilnpd not
h) to dPA williont (•oininnnii'iitinK with thp
Rlin-KPiiprnI, hn nt Ipiiittli roliK'tHntly cnn>
I'd to our RPtidlnK nn pi|irpiiN.
f* hnd niANnn to IipIIpyp tlint, if wn coidd
In |ipnnliiiiinn to vIkII HnntlnRo, wp nhoidd
hr Ahlp to ninkp a raIp of our varf^n, dnll-
iM« oulRldp thp port. And wlilch, At onp hAlf
Alices «Mirrpnt in th« city, M-oiitd yiold iii a
Itntiic profit. Tu gAin An AddltionAl nnmlicr
t\n in port, titnrcturc, in the hope uf olilain<*
iNg IPAtK in (ffoppftd to the PAfdtat, or ot MDOttnf
iottip ppfKon from thpfp dftfrtroMii nt pnttsHtHit^
thp mrifo, nnn nnnihn if ihtfftncM fin tho W*
fitml of Mr. atiAlftr to Ipavp thp cnstlft. M'hwi*
thprpfofp, thlK ohjpct wiiii Attwlrtpd, hy ttpaiAn^t
porrpupondprtpp with the frApt«lM.§pnef«l« h* l<!ft
the cAnthi, And rptiirnptl on hoiird th<j fi«tti
Hyrd.
TliP Ipltpr, wrlttPtt hy Mr. fliinler In flMmlfltt*
Afid I'oinplnliilnii of the ontrngponi ftittnuH (tt
thp Rovprnor, to the itfioffpoding cHlt^m tft i
friendly power, wn* netit hy N cotirier, H f>f<»-
dti/'cd «M IntereliAdKe of nevernf letter*, the ptif*
port tif whh'h wm<i, on one nlde, to dewy lk«
rlnht of Any forelBM veMel to itnyftnti theneneit,
wlih'h, h\n Kteelleoey nAhl, like the terrltwy,
heloiiged etclioilvfly to his tnttiolie M«)e«ty| ort
the other, to refute tfie ttlniird doctrine of any
nntlon'ii poiiiiefiiilnK An exeliinlire right io ttttf
pArtlenlnr «e«, sno glylng eh«pter «nfl ter«« Hi
the trenty, not only for our right to «Atl whete
we plenne, hut to enter their ports, and demand
diiecoiir. U\n Kteellffiey cloned the ewretpfrtMl-
enee hy eifirefmlng a hope th«t, If we did rt«l
ndinlt their enelnnive rliht to these mm, we
nhonld« At lexNt, Allow them to he mAtteri in
their own ptirtfi.
It heing now very evident that we »iho«ld n<A
niieeeed In ohtnining leave to vi«lt !9AntiAgo« in<f
liAving niiKhted In hrtnglng RrrwAn'n flfTAlri into
Nitcli A trnln nn prorniiiefl a Afieedy and Aatiftfae-
tory fldjiintment, there eitiiited no fArther lndt(e«<
inent to renmin longer In pnrl. Aceordingtf,
hnviiig nettled our varioun aeeonntn of dl»hnra«<
inentii, Mr. Sltnler, Aeeompnnled hy Mr. HirtAt-
nlllon, wnited on the governor, to notify him ol
IiIn lfitpntl«»n to proceed to nen next morninc,
And to lAke leAve. lie received them with
prent cordlnllty, espreiwed mneh regret at wbt*
hnd oeeiirred, promised to remedy the mlietlicf
AN fnr AKi he wam Aide, oflTered m tii/trf fadlitjr hi
IiIa power to ennnre onr departure at the tlmtf
appointed, and, though it would nrrt hate htUrn
Miirprlning If he hnd wished ii« to the dtfvil, m
tlip contrary, wished ua a good vr^age.
Thern was a nnmher of onr nnfortnnAte eouM'
tryrnen In port, prlnolpAlly the crewaof the e<Hl>
detuned vessels, who liAd lost their little irii«
And whose sitiiatiofi excited commiseration. W«
knew tliAt, If they noiild get to Masafaera wMh
the provisions they cmild ohtain here, thejr
would, hy pursuing their vocation, soon bring tfp
arrears. We deterinined, therefrrre, to go ao
far out of onr way as to give them all pasAagaa
thither. They all, very gratefully, accepte^l onr
Invitation. Being ready, on the 21st of April,
and nn the point of leaving the port, a messaga
was brought from the governor, requesting !•
see Mr. Rhaler. Me went immediately to htm,
and found, to his astonishment, that be want«4
bini to defer liis departure a few dayi. It i^
iieared that some suspicimit or malicious peraon
bad suggested to this silly governor, that oof
oliject in taKin($ >o manjr men on board WM
M
m
iv 1 W
1^
b M^lttHl (h« ttii'|k« iiNtt*) ttiMit nn thi> (tnittt of
l»»iie»l M*-. Sl»rt|p«- h» ilplVf uttlTlMH nil ft«r»y-
(^l|ilt Imttin nrtpf ilmt uliltt Imil Knllt*il, itnil,
mttHwvef, \w]ip\{ w»» <»iMtlil ntU ♦•wvph^w mt-
vAiH m *m \\\\M\m\\ f^\m\\n\\ vcksvI wit> inittlit
Itt it?»'PillH§ t»» \\w urtvpmttf'n milii'ltnHt»n«
W* Mt muH* l\tf Hip tlUn|t|«»lHh«p«» nf out- |m<-
iw*y, wUbm wi» unoMliI l»p »>ir, iiHtl p«|»pHp(it'P
mm moH^ ihn ltlp<<!«iit|tN <tr liltptty i n^r it tliil
mi «hten»«»- U««|tlnnH»»n«, llmt thpt-p immiM pon-
^nlhly i?!ilnt HMj- (\tHl»pr dnHtMiUy. I'ltp Hmp wp
"huA im»fptl ♦« WHlt, lmwpvpf» tUil \M\ \\\\\h> Pt-
Hlml* whew \v« wptT Ul<p» rtll Imi'k rtunln. U
AUiMtAtfitt Mmt itttp )tr out' Mnllitt-At nn ItiHlnnntt.
WHO ItAil tlp<pvtpit, ttrtti itivpti htnttiuntiott. titiit
w* hmi mii«y Kp^< »»r ilollnN im Iwmiilt utowi'tl
«««l«f lh« Itrtllttst. An hp hrttl |tt»l«tptl mi |»m«-
<[*l»i*ly whpt* ihpy wpii>, mm hvhipiI i\»>i'p ruitip »»«
bttfcWi by »mlpv of tlu> |ip»vpvH»tc, nml ptiicppiUoH;
^ttitmy <rt tl»p i»lrt(p inillcrttiMl l»y thp unlluc,
(V)Umt« (M«tPA«t of Vp|lr*<»r ilolliun, l<PH;«i of u<»lrl<.
iiUv«»s 01' whlph thpy fooK rtw Ay Tihu . hIvIhh «
W«^ rtttUpwl tm»nplvp«, tlirtt Ihln «|tu;)T«si(>n
W)ttW \S^ IUp tOPHMHof 0|»PUlH!lt \hP WAX f»v <»««•
nolnn to thp tH(|»(tAl. l^pttpwiHir, tl»pvpi\»ip, otu-
tH»»tw^>o««<*wt»« wuH tlw puiUrtlo-itPHpml, to
<[^tm|>l«lM or thU oot«-rt|tt*t Mo«( fpiofttkittit 00 our
«tttU'« wmot or >»oHrtilp«»*p io thp puprt'lJy ov
honimty or \\\<fi pwnwxw a\\\\ hi« rtilvispt*, \vp
»vjt»MWp«i o\U' tvm»p»t (\o' |pt»vp to ipprtli' to Sun-
»<A|ti\> IVo th»» M40VP nopptty mllontiopot of our
|;ri*\'*m*t>. iu «'«>|»ly, \\\n Kinwiipupy rpmnvKptl
oHth«U>Mor t<m«> \vh(pl< our oomluft to J^nu-
tt«|o «n>o)t( «>AUR(>» m\\ olMprml, thitt tltp «(Mll-
tuny ^\M Up iHiMly n«^iuK(p«l nt VAl|tArrtliio, l»y
AM^M^Hofr KMtiR<\to«oii),v tl\p (\>lloxviU|i; quptttloun,
v<t.» Wlvj> WHS thp ^\0*>Kn«h-pr IO<IiIpu u»iIp» tlu*
)vi\)Mt ? 1\> \vho»u \{\m It I»pIouh ? 1S» \vlu»t
|Wrt «l««tlOf><t ? Tl\p«p lutph-onfliorlps, lipiun
w>^wttttly |W"0|>ou««|p<l l«y thp m^nptuor to Wv.
Hh»t*r, * notary |>uhHo hpio* ju"^'"'"t, Up »-«|»IIP(I
ht th« Av«t> thM U WMK not \0<l<|pu t to tltp rp-
<^tt»t, lh»t It MotVM^tl to \\w owuPMor thp vp!«.
vM Mv\ «Hirfo ( to tl\p thiol, th*t it« «lP«tiun(iou
>Mii roon«l s\\p xxvrUlt mui) ti> tlOo «lp)to<iiUout
h* ttiok »n iMth <(\\\ «n otU( xitluutp of MoiK.
VfiMxt^ f/wupwk^ him Ity th« f!\u-«rHor (\u- thKt
rK« mMult oT thin in\t^ttlft«tloo wmi* imrnedi-
Altljr «ti»^t\'hpit t^v thp iNt)tt«in>^uprMl, miuI
M «iMW«r wtui-«p«l hv hin Kw'pllpuoy with »hp
l««M i^Mhtp »4«»l*>- \ \\\p (uirimrt of whiph w»«i,
tiMt th« tVMir kp*» of qui«MvKil>^r shouhl I>p w-
t}Lltyir.tANUa VcHrAttkl
tx) w« ow iHmtxl. ^^n\\ thM w^ «ho\»Ul thpu
l«»w tlw |%Mi with<>ut tVulhpr «lpl(vv. \Vp w^tv
•ftw mv|wiMNii hy Mu owH\o"p t\>»«» the »>m«.
mMMlmt fit th« <^iMxtm>hou«p |tuiir>U« to |tur>
«Imm Ut« ^ni^M)>i»r, Up )uxt)>«MPtl \« u» m
mpMi yiic«s mh) I .V (« «" it out, »u<i bri«vg th«
MtttoiiHt, IH litttlHi-R, mt Imnrtl ttlHtAPtf. ttii> mt^i
Mt hit) |tHt|«niint, wuiihl httvp I«ppu h VPt^y hiIvhi,
tnitmuiR mip t hut our PKftpHptU'P htttt tniitilu ih
to hpwnrp of ttpiiphpry t itHtIt lutnitlulutt HUih i,, |
Itp lurkluft lu this |(Ht|io««l, wp «lpillupil nt'ii'iii
U\$ It. Ihirlu|t thH poutritvprNyt thp mipu, »lMi>n|
wp lutpmlptl tnklUK to Mnftnfupritt hnil ttlNiiftoMj
lu tnrloUR (lirpptlouHt "*• thnt, hn«lu|| ou limi{
ouU our orlftiunl nmnll pouiitlpuiput of uh<m,iIi.(
nuiluu-ltlpii hnti uo pkunp to n|t|irpltpu«t nny mM
«»f i»lr«py frtuu uk.
ThP rilUt'HoUH of DoU AutoUlo, nn HtlVPlnnrl
nii itttPt'tnit lirtvlu^ pprtm-tl ou Hip nirivnl (i( lii,i
npulor fVotu HdUtlrtRit, witpu wp «prp uu tii>^
|«oiut of HitlKuKt wp uiiuIp hlui it viitit nn <im(
nflpr hl!« nrHvrtl na ptliiuptip would |M<huU. I|>|
Urtvp un H most pomIIhI, frnuk, ttinl CHpuiIIv \v
i'p|»ilou, nuti p<)UPMPil uoHih rpntpt «t linvimJ
hppu rtltsput ou our Mvilvrtl i n«, lip «nltl, uiU oiili|
woulil thp triuthip «p linti p<|M'rlpuppillu»vplih'
rtvoltlpil, lull Itp would liBVP olUiiluPtl iipruilsHin
for UN to vlwlt NttutlHKtt. riu« ordpr fut our •!' iiip|
jtnrturp, howpvpr, lu'luft »m»w i^Ivpu Ity tlip m
trtiu Rpupvrti, w«n IrrpvoPrtlilp, «ud lip tliprffMil
littjipil ilu'ip would lip MO furllipr dt'ltiv. <i'*
HMwfi lr<AVp, lu* iuiiiiiintpd iin with plvllllipit nni
tttuid wltdipn, iiroiulNlu^t uuuwivpr, to unp
liput PudrAvoiirN to luiiin thp nlfklr of our iiniml
hiiinlp ptuiutryiunu, Kowau. to n niippdy nud mI
tlnfiu'tory poupliuiiou. 'I'Iipsp I'lvllltlpn, \mM
nloUNi nud itromlNpn, )miiiPil with U!i for uo umnil
ih«u tlipy wprp worlli, nllpr th» ohnprvrtihuis mt
op|iortuulHPN Imd Hlhirdpd iin, of ,)ud|tiii|t ol llif|
pImiMPtprt Hud luotlvpN of MPtiou, of tlip ttutlnni '
»|p« hpi*.
It WMUow thp ftth of Mny.hpliin two nmliJ
hNlf luouihN ftiuu thp drttp of our Arrivid t a \mt
ihup, pounidpiluit tliAt w« wprp ftllowpd oiilir
twputy.four hoiu-ti hy tliP PAiitAlu-gpUprnl u'
iriuAlu lu port) nud for thp third lluip hnd w\
th'd our ncpouutd, nud urndp nil rpndy for out'
dp|iAriurp. No furthpr olmiAclP to our Rnllini
oiH'urriiin;, Aud hnvlun trtUpu Ipnvp of our iii'
<)UAlutAUPP Atid poiiutryiupu, wp Ipft V«l|»Arrlsiv*
to thp ntPAt untWfnPtiou of Hip uovpriior nitil mi'j
thoiitlPK, uo Ipm thnu of uurnplvi-n.
huriuit our 5t*.|*ioru Hi VAl|iAr«Uo, wp hnd lio^
it.tmp rt(>*.{iiHlulPd wUh, Aud wprp lu tliP hnltil "(p^
vinlHuiti 00 fiimiliAr tpriiiK. upvprnl luiPii'MiiiK m
tivp fkuiiliPN) (Or Hip uaHvp luhAhltnutu Nyui|ii|
thispd with u«, Aud uoudniu'ipd tliP uiifrlpinllij^
poump uiAiiifPitpd lownrdu iiii hy th«lr •'"'''"IJil
Tlipy MPPiupd, KPUPiAlly, to hp nwAkpulii|t (o «"*'''
RpURp of thp Ah|ppt utAtP of vauraIaup lu wliii'h*
Ihpy wpiv hp|d hy thpir KunniPAU uiAdtprn i Hif"
postR of houoitr Aud |u-o<lt hpiug pxpIunIvpIy in
poKHpHRlon of KimtppAUN, to thp Kr«At Auuoyniioc*
of thp t'lDolPii. Itiirntii of iuillKUAthui, At tlio^i' *
Aud othpr griPvAuopB oouupotPil with Hiom,
would ROiupthopK pHOAppthPUit wIiIpIi wprp |t«'iii'
rAlly AotHuupAUind wlHin hopp thnt the pprioi'.oi^
piMnupi|U(tlou WAR uot vpry dintAut.
Sui'h «PuHmPUt« wprc lupt hy ui with ooi it«
|H>iidiug ouc«, hy drAwliig » (MirAUol hct^vl('n
ANtf tOMMLNOIAti RNTKilt*HMKM«
if mv ttnivttl I A l"iu!
> lliit-tl Itnin ltn*l "di
ili» nil rcmly fiif nm'
iIki'Ip Io imii- nnilinii^
pti lt>i»vi> of our ni'
. wo left Viilimrrlsiv'
llionovofiu)!' nuti nil'
it)mmlRt>, wp ltn<l ln''
>vo»'« In i\w hnltll "(
I'Vt'ritl lttt(t|-(>MlitK III
p liilmliUnittR Nyiii|iil
ivwii tliP imrvlt'iiilltj
m by ihnlr iiili'tij
\\r> nwnknnhiK Id r
Vrti«KnlAg;o III wliiih"
m|i«<KU iitHAtcrNt *'"'|
liplnH nsolnnlvrly iiij
Uip gi-flfti niinoyniii'i''
tllllKIIKtIOtt. Ai tlK'^l'^
lUei'lwl with tlioni,
itt, wliloh vivw IP'"''
|»n t(m( tlie |>criot'.oi^
lIlRtAlU.
by UR with coirrs-
A pArAllcl ltd ween
tititry And mm, wlilb* «A(>h wnk iin<l«>r a
fiyii(i<m of K"V''>''i"***nf, liy Atlti>r(lrty (o
Her iiliynlcnl nirAtm Im fliPlf (•onunMlntt fo
ihcm to throw off tbn yokCi llino wan
lid l)y tlin AoKlo-Am«<rlt!AON, In tlt« Un.
'orth(<lr rf>voiiitlori| by dfoioontrntbtpc to
be urcAtly IrinrPA^fd »«lii»> of tli»> f»rodt(H.«
Roll, nod tht>dliniitlHhf<d prirnniAt which
vnid rwp|v« tlifl tiiAoiirnctiiri!)! of Riiropt?,
Itielr i!(Mii»npr(>(> Nboold hn fr<>(>d from Ihfi
to wliloh tyrAoriy Aod folly bAd so lonp(
' It I Add nnnllyt by rpfOArkbiK on t\w
|Ng Aiid dobANlMK offooti* on tho tnind,
biNe|iArAb|p from a jnolrAotMl nfntf* of
ItioK And VAKRAUgo. nn tho b«*Mor pro-
I of the omiiryo oaiirp, wn fiiyi* thooi a
four KodorAl ('(mMltiitloo, And a trAnwIn-
NpAMlnh of 'Mir DnolArAtion of indn-
iIko proliAbly i* Indpblod for itfi nAmn
HAntlo Roonnry And to thn Rnliibrlty of
k, for in no othor roRpoot dopR It dn-
ippollAtlon.'*' llfltwooM tlin liARn of tliA
Ithfl RPA, thnrn h n Rlrpot tpf inodorAtn
l^hloh Ir bounded on llio wpRt by blitb
|ljiltoiiR IiIIIr I on tlio OARt, Ir oonthniod
ilnlnv vlllAge of AlmondrAlo. In thlR
the host boiiROR i Rtntin of wliloh Arn
IiIkIi, of brlok plARtorod, Hiid of or<
HoliirR And AppoArnnon, OroRRlng tbiR
riKht AnfcloR. Are otIiorR In tlin doop
Itwoon tbnbillR, wbloh Roon ooarp to
tl, Atid booonip orookod nnd narrow
linft np on olthor Ridn the blllR,to oot*
hiitR of vory niPAn AppPArtnop. 'I'lin
Ifhioh Ir a vory ordbmry Rtrnotiirp, Ir
(en All plevAtlon on mio of thp oroRR
ltd nenr the oontrn of tlin town. Tbn
BhiiUnK the governor'R rpRldonop, fronlR
tf, And Ir a dllApldAtnd nnoloRiire, nn<
"'tbn iiAmn.
I of ViilpArniRo Ir RpnoloiiR, And bninc
Ittum tbn Roiith wIndR, wblcb prevail
tn monihR of the year, from Ootolier
very Riiiootli And RAfn riding for RbipR
bAt RPARon. At the roasoii when the
IdH prnvAll) from Mny to Octtdier, it Ir
lyliiK thorn, ARtbere Ir noRlinltor from
AiKi ItsiiRMAl AOOonipAniment, Arougb
RomotimoR oomoR in with a foroe and
ly wliiob OAtiiiot bo rnRUtcd, evon with
roiind-taoklo. It Ir tbn nnAroRt roa-
kntlAgo, tbn onpitAl of Chili \ And hence
In imporlAiioo, wliioli it poRReMei not
lly.
Itlve InbAbitAnta are genorally Amiable,
indolent, and IgnorAnt. It RcemR as
the policy of the oxiRting government
rage indiifltry by the trammels to which
leroe of the country Ir Riibjected. If a
kuantily of wheat or other pcriRhable
flty ii raised than can Aid vent through
vAL-fAHAiso, Vallejr of Pa rati I s*
y9
(be narrow ob«nnpli ihni «rff rtpm, H In Iwii in
the ciiltlvAlor t nnd f'(|>ppr, the other ninpU
prodtiot of ( ;b)ll, Ir, by tbn Rame KovernmentAl
rpRtrlotlonR on oom»rierop, kept «I m priee tMi
etoeedlng half Hr thIop. Tbn govprnment AtiWi
and pArtioolarly the eoolpRinRfioal part ttt It, are
RPnRlbIn thnt I heir power roRtR on the Ign/rraneo
of the people ; hooop the enopRRlve drend tit the
Inlroduotlon of all bookR ) the wntobfidnpRR of
the prlpRtR to goHrfl their flookR agalnRt pf»RRM-
Ring any vtdooip, wbloh they bnve not Keen and
Approved, ar well nR agflloRt the confnrolnaflng
liiniioncp nod fipinlooR of foreign beretlOR. The
vnrf, AOdiofy, nnd efforfR ninde by them, tORiip
prp^R all mrnnR of inforoinlion, do not, bow*
ever, [iwr* iinobRorved by mnny of the moRt rpm-
Rible CreoloR, who nooin to be waking op to a
RPORp of their dogradnlion. With these tneRped
Ir plnnted, whioh, In due time, may be expected
to bring forth abundant fruit.
i'uwrm xiif.
VdrflttnJoRfiM UUn.-^dnWpnffhn f«lnrirfii~A nrntiU'lt
to'tfnUmi ~-H\>iU<i\itf n«w nt wln(1.->-ArrivRt al
Hum IIUi,— -frli-ddly tPnt-piUm thure, — Arrnfig««
inenl willi llin (jcinwUnntf, — Olrj(>nl)(ifiit of ||(«
(Jo»efri(tr. — Ifodill^ nfllltiflKn of Ihi^n /iiO(t(l(m«
aflPR—Stilji (iKlefH Oi Imvh Knri Hirr,— AnilR («
OieTlir>-p iVInrlR iRJimtlR, — flftentloti OinrA. — KX'
('urnloriR «in «h(if(». — Awbwdfd prR'H^nrneril.-- •
\hi(i<\iiuUi\ RMRplftlrtfin, — Hnifiro In Hnn BIrr, —
RRftllliig tihnnf.—Vtii(ilnhin mM of n pittiimittt
(li« cargo, — I'urnliflRa of RhioR. — Himfii>H*fii tf»i'
nhert. — liepnrOire ttitm Huh lllnR.— ()eiifh of
IliniiRRlllon. — HIr chHtniitiT. — Hntiitn to »ba
'riifPB Mnrln* -,« Jrailor on b»»Rrr|. — 'tim rnatn'i
pnperR ''IamI. — fliiRplolonR conflrmorl.
Our ton';^ detention, and tmfortnnate contrO'
verRy at ValpnraiRO, operated iinfavonrablv to
our proRpects, as our veRRel, oiirRelvei, and th«
diRtiirbanoeR we bad caused, baft become knowni
not only to the government offlcerR, Imt to al>
moRt the whole population of the varlouR porta
of (Jhill and Peru included between Valparaiso
an»l lilma. To enter, Ibercf'^re, any rrtber pott
than between those limits, or to be ceptiired In
the neighboiirbood of any one of (bern, wotdd
Riibjoct us to the risk itt conflsoition. It wtc
consequently judged to be moRt prndent to pro*
i;ced to Rome place ro distftnt from the scenA of
our late tranRactlons,tbat the knowledge of them
could not have preceded us. Tliis oliject would,
doiibtlesR, be realised in any of the ports of th«
Vice-Koyalty of Mexico; and, from vimooa
sources of informnticm, we were induced to b«>
lieve that San Hlaa offered the greatest fadli'
ties for the disposal of our cargo, with the least
risk attending it. To San Ulaa, therefore, we
determined to proceed, touching on our wajr it
the Gallipagos Islands.
In conformity with this determination, w*
CLfeVELANUS VOYAOIS
thtiptd our course, thd hiving none other than
the favouralile winds, delightM weather, and
tmooth sea, which are peculiar to this region, we
arrived and anchored at the bottom of a spa-
cious bay at Albemarle Island, on the 30th of
May, at about a mile distant fh)m the shore, and
opposite a beach of black sand. Here we passed
a week very agreeably in rambling about the
island ; and in the enjoyment of a freedom of
action and of will, the more highly prized and
«i\joyed, fVom the restraint to which we had been,
of late, BO much subjected, and not unlike what
the schoolboy feels when emancipated from the
control of the master. The fish was so abund-
ant at our anchorage, that no skill was required
in taking them. As many hooks as were lower-
ed and baited, would bring up fish, and this as
fisst as we could haul them in ; so that beside
having abundance for the immediate use of all,
we salted a barrel full for consumption on the
passage. In size, texture, and flavour, they had
a great affinity to the cod. The turtles are very
abundant, and taken with great ease. We took
on board as many as there was a prospect of our
being able to consume. Guanos of various sizes
and colours are exceedingly numerous here.
They are said to be as delicate and agreeable
' food as the chicken ; but the ship's company
had the same antipathy to them which is so
universal with regard to snakes ; and while they
had s>ich a bountiful supply of fine fish and tur-
tle, they had no disposition to try the guano.
We traversed various parts of the island, and
camped out one night, in search of water,
but found none, though there were evidences
Of its being abundant at some seasons of the
year.
Having satisfactorily accomplished the object
of our visit, w^e sailed on the 8th of June Jbr
San Bias. While yet but a few miles from Al-
bemarie Island, and going with a moderate
hreeze during the first watcli, the weather clear
and the sea smooth, we experienced a very sin-
gular flaw of wind, which, without any warning,
and without being felt on deck, or by the sails
on the mainmast, carried the fore-topmast over
the side, after which it became calm, and so
continued for more than two hours.
In a few days after leaving the island, we
came in sight of the coast, in the vicinity of
Acapuico, and from that time, having delightfVd
weather, we kept the land in sight every day,
till our arrival in the bay of San Bias, on the
11th of July. It is very remarkable, and strongly
indicative of the low state of tlie Spanish com-
merce in these seas, at this period, that, fit)m
the time of our departure ttoxa Valparaiso, to-
that of our arrival here, and sailing all the time
not very distant from the most beautiAd coast
to navigate in the world, we did not meet or see
A vessel of any description.
Our reception at San Bias formed a contrast
to that experienced on arriving at Valparaiso —
I fHendly welcome fh>m those in authority, and
encouragement to expect that our wants «> .
be supplied ; and though this welcome ««(
subalterns, and might not be sanctioned lirt*^
superiors, it was, nevertheless, viewed hvii, ;
flivourable omen. At this season of tJic u
San Bias is a very unhealthy residence ; itJ
consequence, it is the practice of the gnrprl
the commissary of the arsenal, and tlip
opulent of the inhabitants, to reside at Tin
healthy and pleasant town, about twenty kt
distant in the interior. Notice of our
having been sent to them, the commisssni,
down immediately; and on a first intpn;
with him, we had much reason to flatter
selves, that the current of our AfMn ^
meet with less obstruction than we had \\\\\^
experienced. There was no hesitation m:
part, in engaging to supply us with every tlj
our necessities required; and ascertRiiiim |
had some boxes of tin plate, which was <>\t>,
ingly wanted, he engageil to take these ii
ment, at a very great advance on Its cost,
arrangement being made with the commit
required the sanction of the governor hefej
could be carried into eflfect.
Our friend Rouissillon, being very desirm
visiting Mexico, was detet mined, on this arc
no less than from the desire of obtaining ;
mission from the viceroy to dispose of nun
here, to leave no eflbrt untried to obtain tlv :
quisite passport. With this view, he nc
panied the commissary to Tipec, on hU p
thither. By a letter from him, datr<l i
days after his arrival, we had cause to a:
bend, that obstacles to our success would '
no degree less than those we bad experii'ni«
Valparaiso. The governor he represented tn
proud, vaiU) and very passionate man, mm
tomed to any opposition to his will, and iig
nant that the commissary should have pr
to enter into any engagement with us, wif?
first consulting him. He had, therefore i
Aised to confirm the doings of the coinmii i
positively fOrbidding the landing of the tin
decided that our supplies must be paid for
draft on the American ambassador at Madii (
We had now been the means of fhmi
hostile attitudes the two great oflicert of|
government. The commissary, whose sp
ment emanated from the same source as thi
the governor's, and whose line of duty mi
tinct and independent of him, was excenirl
mortified and piqued, at the attitude in *l
he was placed, and seemed determined wl
submit to it. The governor, who coHldf
brook opposition to his will, was incapiN
concealing his wrath; hence the quarrel t
known, and was soon the all-absorbing t«
the inhabitants of Tipec. The feelings
community became enlisted on one side ff|
other ; but the preponderance was as greii
the side of the commissary, as the native [
lation exceeded the foreign. Such genenil
citement, however, as thii little afltof
AND COMMBIUIAh KNTKRPHlSE'.
61
, wM never before known in this hitherto
ad dull town. An (iiifortiinate lieutenant
•rmy« who had the teuieriljr to say a
llll disapprobation of the courne of the
was iuiniediately ordered under ar-
the chiefs and populace of Tipec were
in an angry controversy on our account,
passeil a week, free from annoyance, at
• ; where we ha<l prmnircd a new top-
Jled our water-casks, and obtained all
Itties we had asked. But it became very
^, that the rancorous hostility of the go-
rWouhl effectually prevent the disposal of
of our cargo, notwithstanding the aid
lecommissary was disposed to give us. In-
thoutany reference to payment, and at the
Ine with the receipt of the supplies, was
an order for our immediately leaving
I, accompanied with a threat, in case of
ince, of ordering out the gun-boats to
. away. The possibility of such an event
|m anticipated, and its injurious effects
against, by an understanding with
Ion, that we shonld go to the Three
itands, which are about sixty miles dis-
there remain until his return from
for which city he was in momentary
sn of receiving a passport, and where,
great encouragement to believ«, he
litnln pemdssion to dispose of our cargo,
•t of some part of it. Of the result of
ciation, he would inform us by a boat,
Itould be dispatclied to the islands im-
|t]r on his ret'irn to San Bias, which, it
^posed, would be in the course of six or
eks.
1 being no further cause for remaining
readily obeyed the order of the go-
[without putting him to the trouble of
it ; and, having signed duplicate re-
the amount of our supplies, we sailed,
ening of the Ist of August, as soon aa
breeze came off. The next day we an-
tn a beautifully smooth sandy bay, on
th side of the middle island, at about
bles' length from the shore, and perfectly
* im the violence of the south-east winds,
It tills season of the year blow occasionally
It force. Here we again enjoyed the great
of uncontrolled action ; and here, with-
lestation, we improved the opportunity
rhauUng the rigging, repairing the sails,
jg up the vessel, and procuring a goo(l
I of fuel, which was very abundant, of good
^1 and obtained with great ease. In the
lance of these necessary labours, with al-
t periods of recreation on shore, we had
lied five weeks; and then, desirous of
ig the scene, we visited the northern is-
' the group, and found as good anchorage
f, on the eastern side of this Island, as that
1 just left. After passing nearly a week on
this beautiful Island, we returned to our fomicr
anchorage, at the middle island, in the hofie
and expectation of seeing the messenger from
Rouissillon the following week. But the fol-
lowing, and even the ninth week since leaving
San Bias, passed away; and the messenger
failed to make his appearance.
We made excursions on shore, every day, for
the advantage of exercise and recreation, and
frequently permitted the crew to do the same,
one half at a time. The underwood formed aa
impassable barrier, which prevented our pene-
trating to the Interior in any other way than by
the gullies, which hail lieen made by the raina.
It was unusual for my friend Shaler and myself
to leave the vessel at the same time, because we
had not much confidence iti the mate ; but, oo«
casionally, this precaution was neglected. On
one of those days, when we were on shore to*
gether, we were astonished, in emerging from
the woods, to perceive our ship, under sail, •
long way to leeward, and standing out to sea.
Although the wind blew strong, yet it was off
shore; consequently, the water was smooth,
and there was no reason to suppose the cable
had parted. The idea, therefore, suggested it<
self to our minds, simultaneously, that the mate
was going off with the ship. With such an im-'
pression, on a desert Island, without a boat,
without provisiims, and destitute of a change of
clothing, our situation may easily be imagined
to have been a forlorn one. Watching, there*
fore, with intense interest, in the hope of seeing
the ship tack, and perceiving that she kept on
her course seaward, until her hull was scarcely
discernible, we began tobclievr In the correctness
of otu" first impressions, and to despair of again
controlling the destiny of the Lelia Byrd, when
we had the great satisfaction of seeing her wear
round, and stand in for the anchorage. In
about six hours from the time of parting th(
cable, she again cast anchor in the bay, and we
were rejoiced to find our suspicions misplaced.
It appeared that the anchorage was leas clear
than we had supposed, and that the cable had
been chafed off.
Such a protracted state of suspense Md un-
certainty had become extremely irksome end
embarrassing. With the great loss of time and
consequent expense, our provisions and storee
were daily diminishing, without our perceifing
how or where they could be replaced. It had
become, therefore, indispensable, that a dedsioa
shoulil not be delayed, as to our next move ;
and the choice was presented, of going away
without hearing from Rouissillon, or of risking
the effect of the governor's hostility, by again
entering the roadstead of San Bias. The latter
appearing to us to be the least of the two diffi-
culties, when viewed as connected with the dis>
posal of our cargo, we acted in conformity. Our
advances, when ncaring the port, were made
with caution ; and every preparation was made
to repel any force that might be seat to mokat
CLEVELAND S VOYAGES
vt. In the afternoon of the 14th day of Octo-
ber, being nearly up with the remarkable rock
at the western entrance of the bay of San Bias,
it was considered to be most prudent not to an-
chor. We therefore lay by all night in sight of
the town, using all requisite caution against be-
ing taken by surprise.
Early the following morning, we perceived a
canoe approaching us, paddled by Indians ; and
«oon after they were alongside, and handed us
the long-expected letter from Rouissillon. It
was dated at Guadalaxara, ou his way to Mexico ;
and its contents were of the most encouraging
character. He had been treated with great
kindness and hospitality by many of the most
respectable inhabitants of the place, whence the
letter was dated. He had received a very civil
letter from the viceroy, accompanied with a
passport for the capital, and a permission to sell,
at San Bias, a sufficient amount of the cargo to
pay for the supplies with which we had been
provided, and expressed a confidence of success
in obtaining permission to sell the whole cargo,
and to return to San Bias, in the course of a
week or ten days. This was, indeed, intelhgence
of a very exhilarating character, and tended to
annihilate those forebodings of failure, for which,
before the receipt of this letter, there was bu<^
too great cause. Among other items, Rouissillon
informed us, that, in consequence of the com-
bined representation of the commissary and
himself, backed by several of the most respect-
able people of Tipec, of the very uncivil and
rude treatment of the governor, towards citizens
of a power in amity with Spain, he had been
reprimanded by the viceroy. Being in feeble
health, this circumstance, combined vrith the
vexation produced by perceiving himself to be
out-generalled by the commissary, acting upon
an exceedingly irritable temperament, had pro-
duced a fever, which terminated his existence,
about a week previous to the date of the letter.
Having dispatched the Indians with a reply
to Rouissillon's letter, we again returned to our
eld anchorage at the- northern island; for, not-
withstanding there was now no longer any dan-
ger in lying at anchor near San Bias, yet, as the
regulations made it imperative that we should
receive a guard on board while there, it was
considered to be worth all the trouble of going
to the islands, if only to be emancipated from
this incumbrance. Our excmsions over them
bad been so often repeated, that there seemed to
be no other inducement to penetrate into their
woods than a desire for exercise. A deviation
from the general monotony of our situation oc-
ciured one day, in the taking of an enormous
fish. A shoal of them had been, several hours,
gambolling about the bay, sometimes throwing
themselves wholly out of the water, and coming
down into it again vrith a splash and foam,
which might be heard at the distance of a mile.
At they approached our anchorage, the mate
■id two men went in the jolly-boat, and auc.
ceeded in throwing the harpoon into one'
them. The monster, feeling the wound, darv'
off, seaward, like a shot. As soon as he b<
taken off about twenty fathoms of whale lit I
the end of which was made fast to the boat,;
carried off the boat with such prodigious v;,]
city, that it was only by good steering, and ker^
ing her in a direct line with his course, that ni
was prevented from swamping. It was an ane <
ing spectacle to see the boat going off with iiji
great rapidity, and for such a distance, witho ^
perceiving the propelling power. At len;
after having run about a mile, he became ; <
hausted ; and the men in the boat hauled int;'
line, until they came up with him, when tk I
contrived to get his head towards the islaiK 1
and after a moment, as it were to breathe, i il
returned with almost equal velocity. W'h^
near the island, they hauled up to him, and,[ 1
beating him with the oars, drove him on shor '
He was supposed to be a sun-ftsh, in shape n
unlike a flounder, and weighed seven or eig: <
hundred pounds.
The beautiful group of islands, called, fro:
their number, the Three Marias, where we k I
passed so many weeks, presents to the vie
from the shore to their summits, a thicket '
trees and underwood of the most luxuriant ve ^
dure. So strongly interlaced is this unden\o«:
that it is impenetrable ; and it is only throu; |
the deep ravines made by the rains, that u '•
part of the interior can be reached. Thei'
islands abound with rabbits, raccoons, turtk J
wild pigeons, parrots, parroquets, and vari«r
kinds of beautiful small birds. Wood suitalt '
for fuel is procurable in any quantity, with iik |
derate labour. Among the hard woods, lignui '
vitae is very abundant. Water is procurah|
only at the issue of (he ravines, after a conside^
able rain, excepting at the eastern side of t!
northern island, where there is a well, wLit
never failed to yield us an abundant supply.
The time agreed upon for our return to Si
Bias having arrived, we again proceeded thithf
and anchored in the roads on the 20th uf C
tober. The usual guard were immediately sei
on board, the sergeant of which was the bear
of a polite note from the commandant of the Ret
guardo, desiring to be informed of the object (>
our return. A visit from him, almost simuli:
neously, superseded the necessity of a reply,:
he immediately acknowledged it to be only a pk'
of necessary formality without meaning. Tk
was a general freedom and ease observable inb^
manner, which formed a contrast with that mai
fested at our previous visit ; from which vreitf
ferred that the new governor was of a characlcl
less severe and exact than his predecessor, an'
consequently, that we might indulge a hope:
being permitted to proceed in the accompli^'!
ment of our business, without encountering v!
new obstacles.
By a letter from Rouissillon, dated at Mezio
we found, that there was cause to apprehfV
AND COMMERCIAL LNTEUPRISES.
6t
: had been too sanguine of success. His
to the viceroy had not produced the
, effect ; and an order that the governor
\ demand of us a list of the stores which
led, and that, as soon as they were sup-
{we should leave the port, presented but
ing prospects for the result of his
1 at Mexico. In reply to the governor, we
ed regret at our inability to specify the
ty of the stores required, from not having
formed by Mr. RouissiUon for what des-
he intended the ship. Delay was our
j while any chance of success presented
[ and before we could act on the governor's
[we had the pleasure of learning from our
that a second memorial, accompanied by
ous application of a small douceur, had
le means of obtaining leave for the dis-
' goods to the amount of ten thousand
At the same time, it was intimated,
agreeing to sell the cargo at a trifling
on the invoice, and to particular per-
ermission might be obtained to dispose
rhole ; i. e. that if he would consent to
i the profit we were seeking to those who
luence with government, they would
tthe requisite permission. Rouissillon,
1^, declined the proposal, justly conclud-
with the above permission, as great an
lof profit might be made on one half the
1 as the whole would produce by acceding
return from Mexico, Mr. Rouissillon
|a fortnight at Tipec, endeavouring to
chasers for the cargo, but without $uc-
le arrived at San Bias on the 10th of
ber, and the next day we opened our
|ut, unfortunately for us, the permission
limited, that the merchants of Guada-
M not consider it an object sufficiently
ii\duce them to come on; those of
irerc very inconsiderable in number and
and consequently the sale advanced
id now reached the 12th day of the new
103), and the prospects of a favourable re-
four enterprise were very small. A pe-
order for our immediate departure was
from the governor, who observed that,
Ing we should readily obey it, he had
to the viceroy to this effect ; and, there-
Hacted a compliance. This order would
een obeyed without hesitation, but for a
bject, of sufficient magnitude to induce us
the risk of a quarrel for its attainment,
rival from California had brought a quan-
sea-otters' skins, which we hoped to be
purcliase ; but, as the owner of them
Mexico, a few days was necessarily re-
fer the negociation. We therefore re-
sted with the governor, urged the impos-
' of obedience to his order, and requested
erty of remaining a few days longer. As
Ivernor declined taking the responsibility
wholly on his own shoulders, he called a eonn*
dl of officers, who came to the determination
that we might remain ten days longer. This
was sufficient for our purpose. We succeeded
in purchasing sixteen hundred sea-otters' skins
ou such advantageous terms, that it would se-
cure our voyage from loss, even if we made no
further sales.
The governor could but ill conceal his vex-
ation at our refusal to obey his order for our de-
parture ; and we were, therefore, not free from
apprehension that he had some sinister design
in consenting to our remaining longer. Varioua
reports were in circulation tending to induce us
to be at all times on our guard. The rumour of
there being a body of custom-house guards on
their way hither from Guadalaxara, whose ob-
ject was to search our vessel for money, was so
current, and appeared to be so probable, that
we were induced to agree on a mode of proceed-
ing in the event of such an attempt. Mr. Sha-
ler's superior knowledge of the Spanish language
made it desirable that he should stay on shore
to transact the business there, while I remained
on board to attend to the duties, and, as far as
practicable, to secure the safety of the ship ; for,
as an apology for wearing away the time until
our object was accomplished, we had rigged a
mizen-mast, and converted our brig into a ship.
As, in the event of any hostile movement on the
part of the Spaniards, it was not probable that
he could obtain such timely notice of it as to
effect a retreat, it was agreed, that on seeing
them approach 1 should get the ship under way,
carrying off the Spanish guard, and lie by at a
moderate distance, where I could make reason-
able terms for the exchange of prisoners.
While in this state of apprehension, and about
the time it was supposed the guards from Gua-
dalaxara would arrive, the men in our boat, which
brought off the day's provisions, reported that
there were two large launches at the landing,
ready manned. The men were lying on their
oars, apparently waiting the arrival of their
officers, and said they were going on board our
vessel for a hawser we had borrowed. Two
launches, with twenty men each, to carry on
shore a hawser, was a very improbable story ;
and as I could imagine no other cause than that
of putting into execution the rumoured search,
I immediately made all preparation to avoid it.
But, as it was exceedingly desirable to avoid a
collision, if possible, I caused all the sails to be
loosed, the topsails to be sheeted home, and the
cable to be hove short. With great anxiety I
watched the setting in of the sea-breeze, which
was unusually late ; but at length it came with
much force, and dissipated our apprehensions.
Desirous of being relieved from so unpleasant
a state of suspense, I dispatched the jolly-boat
with a letter to Shaler, informing him of mj
suspicions, the measures I had taken, and my
determination to be off, if the jolly-boat did not
return before the sea-breeze began to abatiw
A* the guard could not avoid accing our pn;.
(laratiuns, I advised him to anticipate any tiling
ihejr tnigiit communicate to tlic governor, by
ktating the facts to liini in person.
M'hatever may have been intended, nothing
was done ; our men performed their errand, and
returned on Iraard unmolested. Tiie next day
the commandant made us a visit in the govern-
ment felucca of twenty oars, and with the royal
flag displayed. After rowing round the vessel,
as he said, to see how she lool^cd rigged as a
■hip, he came on board, ami partook of a col-
lation, which had been prepared during the time
he was engaged in reconnoitring our vessel
without and within. We observed him to be
particularly attentive to our armament, and his
inquiries relative to the numlier of small-arms
we had on board, &c., led us to believe that
the object of his visit was to ascertain our
strength.
Apprehensive that we might be pounced upon
at any moment, by an overwhelming force, but
presuming that they would wait imtil we were
nearly ready to depart, as then the prize would
be most valuable, and our culpability most pal-
pable, it was important that the commandant
should be kept ignorant of our intention. When
he asked, therefore, if wc intended going the
following day, we suggested to him that we
could not settle our accounts with the commis-
sary in time for that purpose, to the truth of
which he absented. As a further evidence of
the necessity of another day's delay, wc referred
to the large bulk and amount of merchandise
yet on shore.
ThiB merchandise, to the value of about three
thousand dollars, was intended to be left in
charge of Rouissillon, to be sold for our account ;
and the proceeds to be settled for when we
should meet in the United States. Although no
permission was obtained from the governor for
taking the sea-otters' skins on board, yet, as
they were under the charge of the commissary,
from whom we received them, there was no
obstacle to it. It was nearly dark by the time
we had received the last of them on board ; and
then the commissary was very urgent that we
should not delay a momeut unnecessarily before
putting to sea, as he was apprehensive, that if
the transaction became generally known, it
would involve him as well as ourselves in
trouble. However friendly this advice, it was
not needed, as our preparations were already
made to be away, as soon as the object for which
we had been so solicitous was secured. We
therefore sent the guard ashore in the launch
that brought off the skins, and were away under
a crowd of sail before even the launch could
have reached the shore. As the commandant
had no doubt of our intention to remain another
day, if his designs were what we had strong
reason to suspect, he must have been greatly
diaqtpointed in the morning to discover that
«< tke bird had flown."
CLEVELAND 8 VOYAGRS
It was with feclinfs of deep regret lliat i
parted here with our excellent an<l umuf
friend Count John de Ronissillon, with ui,!
we had been so intiniutely associated for S(i|(,|
a period, and who had shared so largely in ;
various perplexing scenes incident to tlm
secution of our object. To his a(hlress and i
severance wc were mainly indebted for i
permission obtained from the viceroy of Mnl
for the sale of a part of our cargo, and for >'
indulgence of tlie additional time in port \wtH
sary to secure the sea-otters' skins. WC
left with him manufactures to the amuiini(
about three thousand dollars cost, and wit
were worth, at the actual prices there,
than three times that cost. From the proo,
of this, after defraying his expenses, he >vai'
account with us in tiic United States, wlicro''
anticipated much pleasure in meeting him in j
course of tlie ensuing year. At parting, lio i'
pressed the unalloyed ci^oymcnt he hud in| .,
ricuced on board, his grateful feelings for t***'
confidence, and his earnest desire of rciiliif
tlie pleasure of mcctin > <:s again in that iami^
lilicrty and of equal rights ; of which, he t
he should be proud to become a citizen.
The Count de Rouissillon was the desccno!
of an ancient noble family of Poland. An ai^
catc for liberty, he could not brook the siilijii;
tion of his country, and for his efforts to ar
it, he was proscribed and was without a h^
when we became acquainted with him at lit,
burgh. lie possessed a powerful ^intellect,
gave evidence that great '^nre had been takei^
its cultivation. Hi.- acmtircnients in uiuti,
matics, in astronomy, u muiic, in draww
were very respectable ; and there was scarcol|
European language witli which he wuh
familiar. Having with him, among oth
books in the Russian, Polisli, and Gcrn(
languages, the Spanish authorities, who are^
tremely watchful and rigorous in their exanii
tion of all books, were actually confoundcii|
them ; but allowed them to pass, on the i _
grounded conviction, that nobody in the coui
could read them, and therefore that they i
do no harm. For these attainments he \\as\
more indebted to a Ane intellect than to aiu
tiring industry ; which was so habitual, tiiaii
seemed to grudge a moment's time that
passed without adding something to his M
ledge. So that when walking the deck furoll
ercise, if there was nobody to walk and convu
with him, he would be engaged in practi
some new music on his flute. Being at tliisti
oidy twenty.eight years of age, his prospect j
honourable distinctioa seemcHl all that his i
tion could desire; but, unfortunately, his(
course wr.^ cut short not long after we
To our great (frief we learned, on arriving in!
United States, that he died at Mexico
time in the year 1803. The exclusive polit]
the Spanish government, relating to all fon
\ «rs, then in ftdl operatiooi nuwU it so diit^
f deep regret tliat ,
excellent anil atniii
oiiissillon, with w|^
y associated for m |
mred so largely in |)i
!9 incident to tiio
To his address ami j
inly indebted for t
I tlic viceroy of Mriiji
)ur cargo, and for <
nal time in port nec^
itters' skins. Wn
iircs to the aniuuni'
ollars cost, and wli
lal prices there,
it. From the procfd
is expenses, he \vi<^
nited States, wlirn '
sin meeting him in I
ir. At parting, li<!
^oymcnt ho hud tnf^
utet'til feelings for
icst desire of rcaii^a
:s again in that lami'
its; of which, hcig
come a citizen.
Ion was the desccini,
f of Poland. An m
i not brook the suhjiu
for his efforts to >ic
1 was without a hou
ited with him at
)owerful''intellect, i
'-are had been takcij
;nitirciiients in mati
u miuic, in drawv
nd there was scarccli
li which he wan
him, among oth
Polisli, and Gcrn[
uthorities, who are^
orous in their exauii
ictually confoundeili
to pass, on the \
it nobody in the coui
ercfore that they i
attainments he wai|
intellect than to am
ras so habitual, tliaii
iment's time that
amething to his M
dking the deck forof-S
dy to walk and convit
engaged in practis
ute. Being at this t
of age, his prospect j
iemedall that hisi
nfortunately, hist
long after we
umed, on arriving inl
died at Mexico
The exclusive poliq
relating to all fon
AND COMMERCIAL BNTBRrRI8K«.
sn.
it 80
any information from Mexico, that we
iitraged from any attempt to ascertain
culars of bis death, or to learn what
1 0f our property, or of his effects ; and,
ly, we remain in ignorance of every-
iting to these subjects.
ly after our departure from San Bias we
once more in the bay of the northern
the Three Marias, on the 26th of
1803. Mora than fifteen months had
[since our depart. ir- from Europe, and
■1 being coppered to light-water mark
now perceived that the worms bad
Iful havoc with the wooden sheathing.
>re had become necestir y to careen and
the vessel, an operation for which we
poorly prepared ; and, therefore, in the
nee of it, and in replenishing our stock
i knd water, a fortnight was consumed.
re accidentally found out that our danger
seized at San Bias had been much
in we bad apprehended, from a cause
we had no suspicion, and therefore
guard against, the treachery of the
This officer was a young English-
Mc conduct after leaving Valparaiso
bprehensible as to make it necessary to
Ibim from duty; but he occupied his
ir table, was permitted to go on shore
leased, and was treated with proper
From some intimations which he oc-
threw out to the men, that he had
to cause the vessel to be seized, and
been offered a thousand dollars for
1, it immediately occurre.l to us that he
more intimate with the luthorities of
[than was consistent wit! our safety;
that we ought to know it, to guwd
future. As it seemed to be the most
of proving his guilt or his innocence,
lure that was justifiable, on the prin-
''-preservation, we had no hesitation
[ his papers. These we found to consist
tters and his sea-joumal.
lining the journal we perceived it had
ilated, and dates only previous to our
Valparaiso, and subsequent to our
[there, remained. Hence there was
resumptive evidence that the inter-
ortion, relating to our transactions at
was in possession of the government
Has. Amongst the letters, there was
that related to us. This was a letter
luc^n from the commandant to a friend
>, In which he speaks of our ingratitude
I and of his having so committed himself
sdeavour to be serviceable to us, that
table to act as duty required, from the
tnsequences, &c. He also recommends
to give more credence to any repre-
which the bearer might make to him,
|tho8e of the captain.
i investigation satisfied us that we had
seizure by the. m«ire accident of the
55
mate's not making his cnmmunieation to the
commandant until this officer IumI become so
much a party in the transaction, as to make his
own safety depend on its concealment. Our
suspicions of his hostile intentions, therefore,
may have been erroneous, nnd our hurried de-
parture unnecessary ; but, if we erred, it will be
acknowledged to have been on tlw: side of pru-
dence.
CHAPTER XIV.
Aoconnt of San BIm.— AwAd thundar-sqiialls.—
Unhealthy climato.— DiRContent of tha CraolM
and Indians.— Departure from the Three Marias.
_St. Clemanri Inland.— Miaersblaatala of mi In-
dian ramily.— Arrlfal at San DieKO.— The Com-
nandaDt'a visit.— An arrant ciiscoinb. — Escur*
•ion onshore. — Notrading. — Ueleoiion ofsaamen. '
Their rescue. — Preparations for war. — Oet
under sail.— Fired upon by the fort.- Return
broadside.— S«fe at sea aaaio. — Damage repainNl.
— Arrival at St. Qidutln'e.— A rsllow-auirarer.—
Miisionariae and their train. — A set of Jolly
felloirs. — Official letter.— >A sensible corporal.—
Good officea of the Padre*.- A dnublfid point—
Eicellent harbour at St. Quiniin'a.— Departur*.
—Arrival at Ouadaloupe.— Proceed to San
Borgia. — Another nsiaaionary. — Supplies of pro*
visions. — Frimitiva mode of dining. — AmlaUn
character of the missionary. — Preaent of hors<ie.—
The parting. — Arrival at St. Joaepta. — Water
procured. — Departure for the Sandwich Islands.
Our opportunity for becoming acquainted
with San Bias and its environs had been even
greater than we desired, and a short notice of it
may be proper in this place. San Bias is a port
and royal arsenal, in the province of New Oal-
licia, in the viceroyalty of Mexico, in latitude
21o 36' north. The port, formed by a branch
of the river Santiago and an island to the south-
westward, is of small capacity, very narrow, and
perfectly secure. A bar at its entrance, on which
there is not usually more than fourteen feet of
water, makes it necessary, before attempting to
enter, to lighten the vessel in the road to ten or
eleven feet, or in proportion as the swell may be
on the bar at the time of going over it. It ia
defended by two batteries: the one, of eight
guns, on an eminence of the island ; the other
on the beach abreast the town, besides several
gunboats. The road is perfectly safe for ships
while the north-west winds are prevalent, which
is from November to April. During the other
months of the year, when the south-east winds
prevail, which sometimes blow with great
force, it is not safe lying there. At this season,
also, the thunder-squalls are frequent, and arc
the most awfully sublime that can be imagined.
On one night in particular, for the space of three
hours, there was scarce a moment's intermission
between the claps of thunder; the roar of
which, by drowning the voices, made it reqntailt
e6
CLEVELAND S VOYAGES
tOBubstitute signs for perfonning the duty of
giving the ship more cable. The lightning was
incessant and vivid, running in currents down
the rigging and fore and aft the sliip, and ap-
parently would have enveloped her in flames
but for the torrents of water which were at the
same time faUing. The scene was by far a more
awful one of the kind than I ever witnessed be-
fore or since ; and we considered ourielves very
fortunate in escaping all other mischief than
that of dragging our anchor a mile or two.
The town is situated on a hill, commanding a
fine view of the bay, from which it makes a
pretty appearance. This impression, however,
is.notcontirmed on entering it, the houses being
generally very ordinary structures, and the
streets very dirty. There are about five thou-
sand inhabitants, including the seven hundred
usually attached to the arsenal. The annual ex-
pense of the arsenal at this titne was about half
a million of loUars. The commerce of San Bias
is, indeed, trifling, there being only three small
merchant-vessels owned here. The mostvaluable
production of the neighbouring country is the
red cedar, which is of large size, and very
abundant. This is used for the building of ships,
for the masts and spars, for boats, oars, houses,
and, indeed, for every thmg. From the month
of June until September, the climate of San
Bias is considered to be so unhealthy, that all
who have the ability to remove, go to Tipec,
which is situated in the highlands, about sixty
miles distant.
The domesti'^ Indians in the neighbourhood
of San Bias and Tipec are beginning to manifest
signs of discontent and insubordination which
are alarming to ^he Spanish authorities. An
insurrection was qutlled last year, which came
ntdr to annihilating the Spanish supremacy in
this quarter. An alarn was given while we were
here. AH was bustle and activity ; and all the
able men with field-pieces, Ac, were ordered to
Tipec, near which the attack was suspected. It
is understood that the Indians are instigated by
Creole Spaniards, who, incapable of longer sup-
porting their oppression, are ready to make use
of such auxiliaries to effect their emancipation.
A spirit of discontent and alienation towards the
government seems to peivade the whole vice-
royalty of Mexico. This was confirmed by our
letters from Rouissillon, while at Mexico, who
( mentions that inflaramato " and revelutionary
addresses to the people are currently circulated
in the city, one of which was handed to him
while at the theatre. It was written in the
French language. Its purport was to make
known to the citizens their rights; to show
them how they were violated and trampled
upon ; and t^ *uggest t'lat the remedy was in
their own hands. With a view of giving such
■id as we supposed might be useful, we sent
' them copies of our Declaration of Independ-
" ence, and of the Constitution of the united
States.
Having succeeded in the completion of «
object at the Three Maria Islands, we left on tt
I4th of February, bound to San Diego, in Cj
fornia, where we had information of there btii
a parcel of sea-otters' skins, which might beoi
tained advantageously, it being the season !.jj
the prevalence of northerly winds, our pabsjt'f
was long and tedious. On the morning of li'
of March we were becalmed near St. Clemen;
Island, where, perceiving a smoke, we landi
abreast of it, and found that it proceeded froit
cave, formed in the side of a hill by some ore
hanging rocks and earth, but insufficient to ( }
ford shelter from the weather with any otiy
titen northerly winds. In this miserable doi
cile resided eleven persons, men, women, u
children ; and though the temperature wassu
as to make our woollen garments requisite, tb
were all in a state of perfect nudity. Their foi.i
was exclusively fish, and, having no cooki
utensils, their only resourc; was baking ttiem:
the earth. We could not perceive that tit :
possessed a word of any other dialect than tit
own, of which we understood nothhig. U 1
been famiUar with the Indians inhabiting n. /
ous parts of the western coast of America, I
never saw any so miserable, so abject, so sp^
less, so nearly allied to the brute.
Leaving this wretched family, after distribi
ing among them a few articles of old clothu !
we stood to the eastward under easy
night, and found ourselves early in the moriit|
abreast of the port of San Diego. A1
northerly wind prevented our gaining the i
chorage till the afternoon, when, having pai
near the battery without being hailed, we ciH
to anchor about a mile withia it. The nextd
the commandant, Don Manuel Rodriguez, r|
an escort of twelve dragoons, came down abn
of the ship, and requested that the boat mi;:;
be sent for him. This being done immediati ;
he crowded the boat with his escort, and ji]
bably regretted the necessity of leaving on sii^
his horses. We had been told at San filas,ti
Don Manuel was an exceedingly vaini
pompous man ; awd, indeed, we found himi
for such a ridiculous display of a " little
authority," and pompous parade, I never I
witnessed. His dress and every moven
evinced the most arrant coxcomb. Having^
luted us on coming over the ship's side,
waited, before proceeding aft, until his &iB
were drawn up in two lines, with hats off mf
hand, and drawn swords in the oth^ and if
passed between them to the comfliiion-<
After the ordinary inquiries, of whence wee
whither bound, and the object of our visit>|
called to the officer of the esov^rt, and de
him to take a minute of the articles we requi
With these he said tliat he would supply utj
next day ; on receiving which, he should en
we would not delay a moment in leaving |
port. He counted our men, and, perceivii>
to be ouly fifteen, all told, expressed ast«
AHO COMMEUCIAL EWTKRPRIsr.S.
67
t being hailed, we i
^at the prcsumptioa of undertaking so long
' iiigttrous a navigation with so few men.
rbiule our going to the town^ which is dis-
!>nt three miles, but gave us leave to go
ore in the neighbourhood of the vessel,
leave with characteristic pomp, leaving
five of his escort, as he said, to see
flirt carried on no contraband trade,
'the afternoon we made an excursion on
; and, having rambled towards the battery,
, commands the entry of the port, without
with any person to prevent our entering
railed ourselves of the opportunity to as-
{|i its strength' and state. We found eight
nine-pounders, mounted on carriages,
appeared to be in good order, and a
supply of ball ; but there was no ap-
of their having been used for a long
As the examination of a battery belong-
ji people the most jealous and suspicious
1, was a delicate business, we did not re-
sg within its precincts, and having had
ible excursion, returned on board at
In the evening we made acquaintance
guard, the sergeant of which appeared
intelligent young man. He informed
|, only a few days past, the ship Alex-
Boston, Captain Brown, h^ b«6)i
he had succeeded in purchasing
soldiers and people several hundred
[Hut information of it had been ^ven to
■andant, who, without first demanding
ender, boarded the ship with an armed
le a search, and took away all the
By could find, together with some mer-
These skin" he said, were now in
>n of the commandant, which, with
had of his own, probably exceeded a
These we made every effort to ob-
him ; and though there is no doubt,
irould have been as well pleased to sell
' iild have been to purchase theia, if the
^n had been practicable without being
the people, yet, ar li^is was out of the
^and they were all spies on each other,
not indulge his dfiiie of selling them
[jHad Brown negot'4ted with the com-
first, it is mof . probable he would
Bd the whole quantity, and, at the
Be, have avoided the humiliating predi-
'' having his ship taken possession of bv
\ evident now that the object for which
pjtere was unat\ \inable. Having, on the
, Wfkteh, received the supplies we had
1ie oommandant again visited us, in the
ons style, to receive his pay. On
[tts e made known his expectation, that
|ld leave the port next morning, wished
pasant voyage, and we parted on the most
terms. We had been offered a number
, in smal.\ parcels, in the course of the day,
elivered vo ue after darx, and determined
rhase as many as we oould that night.
5
Accordingly, between eight and nine o'c2ock»
(the time agreed on,) Doth boats were £»-
patched to different parts of the harbour, one Of
which returned in proper time with several
skins ; but the other, in whie** wii the mate
and two men, did not return that night. That
some disaster bad occurred to prevent her re-
turn was presumable, but to attempt ascertain-
ing the cause, in the night, would have been in-
curring too great a risk. We watched the ap-
proach of morning, with a view to seize and act
upon any contingency that circumsisnces might
present, before the moving of the people.
The first discovery, after dawn, was that of
our boat, lying on the beach, abreast of our vessel,
with, apparently, no person in her. On seeing
this, I went immediately to the boat, and, whe^i
there, perceived a group of men at a short dis-
tance, among whom ours were £scemible. BC"
ing without arms, an attempt to rescoe fhera
would have been imprudent. I therefore xt-
turned on board, taking with me the other boat.
It was now very evident, that not a moment
wa» to be lost in deciding on the conrse to be
pursued. The choice presented us was that of
submission, indignant treatment, and plunder ;
or resistancr; and hazarding the consequences.
There wsa not the least hesitation with Mr. Sha*
ler or myself, in adopting the latter alternative.
As a preliminary step, the guard on board were
disarmed, and made to go below ; then I went
with four men, each with a brace of loaded jria-
tols, to the rescue of those on shore. On land<
ing, we ran up to the guard, and, presenting our
pistols, ordered them instantly to release our
men from their ligatures; for they had been
tied hand and foot, and had been lying on th«
giound all night. This order was readily com-
plied with by the three soldien, who had been
guarding them; and, to prevent mischief, we
took away their arms, dipped them in the wa-
ter, and left them on the Mach. The mate re-
ported that they were arrested immediately M
landing, by a party of horse, with. the rnmiiMiwI
ant in person at their head ; — titro we oon-
eluded, that he had sent the soldier, with whom
we made the agreement for the skins, expressly
to decoy us, that he might have an apology to
plunder ns.
Arriving safely on board, we perceived oar
men to be so indignapt at the treatment of their
shipmates, as to be leady for the flgbt, even had^
the odds been greater against us. We had, '
however, a disagreeable and a very hazardous
task to perform ; a failure ir ^hich, would bo
attended with ruin to us, besides subjecting ui
to the humiliating treatment of an incensed pettjr
tyrant. Our podtion, at anchor, wu about «
mile within the fort, of which mention hu be«a
made. It wu necessary to pass within moakeU
shot of this fort. \^th a strong wind, the quick
passage of the vessel would render the danftr
trifling I but, UBfoitonately, we had now buttln
last exj^ring breath of the land br«exe, suf
68
flcient only to g^ve the ship steerage way, and
aa hour would elapse before we could presume
on passing the fort ; but no other alternative
waa left us, that did not present a more dreaded
aspect.
While making our preparations, we perceived
that all was bustle and animation on shore; both
horse and foot were flocking to the fort. Our
six three-pounders, which were all brought on
the side of the ship bearing on the fort, and our
fifteen men, were all our force, with which to re-
sist a battery of six nine-pounders, and, at least, a
hundred men. As soon as our sails were loosed
and we began to heave the anchor, a gun with-
out shot was discharged from the battery, and
the Spanish flag hoisted ; perceiving no effect
frtim this, they fired a shot a- head. By this
time our anchor was up, all sail was set, and we
were gradually approacbiing the fort. In the
hope of preventing their firing, we caused the
guard in their uniforms to stand alone in the
most exposed and conspicuous station ; but it
had no effect, not even when so near the fort
that they must have been heard imploring them
to desist firing, and seen to fall with their faces
to the deck, at every renewed discharge of the
cannon. We had been subjected to a cannonade
of three quarters of an hour, without returning
a shot, and fortunately, with injury only to our
rigging and sails. When arrived abreast the
fort, several shot struck our hull, one between
wind and . ater, which was temporarily stepped
by a wa'^. of oakum. We now opened our fire,
and, at the first broadside, saw numbers, proba-
bly of those who came to see the fun, scamper-
ing iway up the hill at the back of the fort.
Our second broadside seemed to have caused
the complete abandonment of their guns, as
none were fired afterwards ; nor could we see
any person in the fort, excepting a soldier who
stood upon the ramparts, waving his hat, as if
to desire us to desist firing.
Having passed out of the reach of their can-
non, the poor guards, who had been left on
board, saw themselves completely in our power,
without the chance of rescue', and probably cal-
culated on such treatment as they knew would
have been our lot, if equally in the power of
their commandant. Their exhibition of fear
was really ludicrous, for, while we were tying
up their fire-arms, so as to prevent their using
them, aiid getting the boat ready to send them
harmlessly on snore, they were all the time
tremblingly imploring for mercy ; nor could they
be made to believe, until they were actually on
shore, that we intended to do them no h&rm.
When landed, and their arms handed to them,
they embraced each other, crossed themselves,
and fell on their knees in prayer. As our boat
was leaving them, they rose up and cried at the
Qtroost stretch of their voices, " Vivan, vivan Uu
Jnuricanot."
Hftving plugged up the hole made by the
ihft, near tlie water we steered southward for
CLEVELAND 8 VOYAGES
the bay of St. Quintin's, and arrived there g
the 24th instant. Here we fell in with Captt
Brown, in the ship Alexander, who gave us
detail of the rough manner in which he ht!
been treated by the commandant of San Dien
which confirmed us in the propriety of the me,
sures we had pursued to avoid a similar tre«
ment. Captain Brown -left us on the 5th g
April, bound to the northwest coast. This ^ •
the only American ship we had seen since learji,
Valparaiso, and the meeting was very agreeai,
to both parties; indeed, a countryman abnn
is hailed like an old acquaintance, and th«
is always a consciousness of belonging to \\
same home, which makes suqji meeting pleasai
in any part of the world, and is particularly n
when, as in this instance, we had escaped sid
lar dangers, and were among a people rcmait
able for treachery and hostility to strange
We therefore viewed his departure with feelin;
somewhat allied to that of taking leave of j
old friend.
A few days after arriving here, we were visit)
by the padres of the'nussions of SanYincente.Si
Domingo, San Rosario, and San Fernando, li
came on horses with a retinue of Indian domeiii
making quite a formidable train. The coctmandi
of San Yincente, a mission about sixty miles not .
of this port, accompanied the padre of that a
sion, and they formed together a jolly set of I
lows. Their object seemed to be principally i
creation, thou^ they brought a few sea-oD
skins, which they bartered with us for Europ«
manufactures. They pitched their tents on t
beach, abreast the vessel, and, having proviil
themselves with an abundant supply of pro<
sions and the requisite cooking utensils, tl;
became quite domiciliated. Never was there
b(^m\ number of men more disposed to proDii
harmony and good-fellowship, and we dined i
gether alternately on shore and on board, duii
the week that they remained with us.
As, for several days after their arrival, ti
did not mention the affair of San Diego, ' '
supposed they might not have heard of it: fi '
as St. Yincente was so near, it would be stru ^
if the news of an event so novel and extnj
dinary should not have reached them. M/
the acquaintance had been promoted, however,!
a few days of such familiar intercourse, we n '
vked by the eldest of the padres, if we hadt '
been to San Diego ? With the peculiarity as/
buted to New Englandera, our answer i '
evasive, and the question put, "Why?" '^
then told us of an American, who nad
there since Browu, an^ related our transact!^
there so precisely as they occurred, that we^
knowledged ourselves to have been the acu|
He said, that the account of the affair was tni]
mitted in a letter from the corp6ral, who
manded in the battery, to his senior officer [
Loretto, and that the letter was left unsei'
that it might be read at the several missioni j
its WAV.. and to be sealed at the last misiioali
AND COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES
^
[ irriving at Loretto. While the corporal, in
" tter, was severe in- his strictures on the
ct of the command&nt, in first enticing us
[this difficulty, and then taking care not to
' the fort until he ascertained^ that we were
'the reach of cannon-shot, he was profuse
r eulogies of us. Our forbearance so long
returning their fire, our hnmanity and
sity to the guards, under such provoca-
tiuid our ceasing to fire when they did,
Bnsidered by the corporal as acts of mag-
ity, which 'should recommend us to the
and hospitality of all good Spaniards,
ipadres had been friendly before this ac-
igment, but they seemed afterwards to
th each other who should show us the
kindness, offering to procure us sup-
any quantity, and assuring us of meet-
ispitable reception at any of the missions
\i visit in California. As they did not
on leaving home, that we should be
1 to remain long in a desert port, they
ided themselves with provisions for a
at the expiration of which, they left
> a promise to return again in a fortnight,
[vupply of such stores for ourselves as we
en them a list of. Having, with ill-judged
f, coppered our vessel only to light-wa-
we perceived that the woi-m had al-
ide dreadful ravages in our wooden
I, and that it was necessary to lay her
cleanse and boot-top the bottom. The
well adapted to such purpose, it was
ihed without difficulty. In the per-
of this business, of repairing the in-
dued in our sails and rig^ng by the
shot, in the recreation of fishing and
and in taking a plan of the port, the
filled up until the fortnight agreed on
>i, when the padres, true to the en-
again made their appearance, with
I required.
fh there was nothing now to cause as
fty's detention^ yet the padres were so
our remaining another week, alleging
had brought provisions with the ex-
thntive could not resist their impor-
ersuasions. They were now desirous of
luainted with some particulars of our
San Diego, which could be obtained
us, s"ch as to be shown the men whq
ptured and tied on shore; those who
Ihem, if there was any attempt at resist-
te several places the shot had struck.
We were very happy to be informed by
hat no person was even hurt by our shot.
Dod padres, though very amiable, were
brant ca til subjects, excepting that of
ofession, and so intolerant and bigotted,
tently to express astonishment, that men
ineaand intelligent should be blind to
ith and beauty of Catholicism. In re<
J, however, on the apparent amiability of
Bople, I oujh^ to except the padre of
SanVincente, who, it must be acknowledged?
had no just pretensions to such a character, after
boasting, as he did, that he had rendered God
service by killing many of the Indiaat who ob«
stinately refused to be converted. They ex.
pressed great disgust with the character and
conduct of Don Manuel Rodriguez, called him a
poltroon, and said he would be broken ; not so
much for having fired on a ship of a ftieadlr
power, as for undertaking what he was unequal
to accomplish, thereby exposing the weakness or
the place, and subjecting the royal flag to insult.
It is, indeed, donbtful whether the ^clat caused
in Europe by the battle of Copenhagen, waa
greater than that of the battle of San Diego, in
California.
The week we had engaged to pass with the
padres having expired on the 3rd of May, we
then, with reciprocal friendly salutations, and
cordial interchange of good wishes for proa-
perity and happiness, bade them farewell, and
put to sea, bound to the Island of Guadaloupe,
in the hope of there obtaining a su^ly of water,
for that which we found at St. Quintin's waa of
an inferior quality, and was only obtidned by
digging a wdl. The want of this, and equally
of wo<^, lessens much the value of this port. It.
is remarkable, considering the length of time the
Spaniards have possessed this country, and the
accuracy and ability with whieh their navigiitors
generally have surveyed their possessions on tbia
coast, that they are yet ignorant of tliis excellent
harbour. It was discovered aliout the year 1800,
by Captain O'Kain, of Boston. The ei^trance to
it is so narrow and obscure, that had not Brown,
been here to direct us, it is doubtful if we had
found it ; yet we carried in not less than three
fathoms, and anchored in four, in one of the
safest harbours in the world. It is also very ca-
pacious, and abounding in the sea-otter, of
which, though very shy, we shot several. The
shore, at short distances from the beach, it
greatly infested with rattlesnakes.
Arriving at the Island of Guadaloupe on the
4th, the whole of the next day was passed in
seeking for water on the lee side of the island^
presuming, from its height, that there was no
doubt of success, but we were disappointed.
There were various gullies, indicating abundance
at certain seasons, which were now perfectly
dry. Steering again to the eastward) we en>
tered a small bay on that part of the coast
which is nearest the mission of San Borgia, and
came to anchor. The next day we were visited
by the father of that mission, Mariano Apolo*
nario, who had been expecting us some days, and
had kept an Indian on the look-out for us, that
he might be advised immediately on our arrival.
Having received notice of our approach ftt>m the
Indian the day before our arrival, he had set
out, though uncertain if we had anchored. As
his mission was sixty miles from the seacoast,
and he was accompanied by twenty domestics,
with provisions and baggage laden on twenty-
pfe'-i
^Q-
1^ honei and mules, hv> would have been
gitetljr dUappointed had wf paved without an-
choring, and therefore was gratified at a meet-
ing, which he seemed to have counted much
upon.
We made the best arrangement in our power
for tbe accommodation of the padre and his
domestics; but, after passing one night on
board, he experienced much inconvenience from
the motion of the ship, as to make it desirable
to provide some shelter for him on shore. Ac-
cordingly, in the morning a sail was taken on
shore, with which our men made a large and
commodious tent. Here our days were princi-
pally past in conversation with the padre, in-
terrupted only by occasional rambles over the
■and-hills for exercise. Amongst the domestics
of the padre was that very usMul and important
appendage of a missionary, a very good cook ;
and, as he was provided with plenty of venison
and poultry, whereon to exercise his skill, we
perceived it to be as much for our advantage, as
it was gratifying to the padre, that we should
dine with him every day. On these occasions
we had neither plates nor dishes, knives nor
forks'; nor were they requisite, as the food was
served up in a large wooden bowl, into which
each in turn dipped his spoon, in true primitive
style. A due degree of eKercise*in a fine bracing
atmosphere, however, previous to taking these
homefv repasts, gave to them a relish which is
not often experienced at the most luxurious
md elegant tables.
Perceiving that water was not procurable in
this vicinity, having but a short supply on board,
and uncertain where it was to be obtained, there
was obviously a necessity of cutting short our
visit at this station. As soon as the padre was
made acquainted vrith it, he applied a remedy,
by engaging to supply us with our daily con-
sumption of water, although he had to send six
miles for it, and this he did daily until our de-
parture, besides providing abundance of f^esh
provisions for the ship's company.
The more intimately we became acquainted
with Padre Mariano, the more we were con-
vinced that his was a character to love and re-
apect. He appeared to be one of that rare class,
who, for piety and the love of their fellow-men,
might justly rank with a Fenelon or a Cheverus.
His countenance beaming with the love and
benevolence, which were his prevailing motives
of action, inspired immediate and perfect confi-
dence, even with those who had seen as much
of the Spanish character as it had been our lot
to do. His mild and humane treatment of his
domestics made their intercourse more like that
of father and children, than of masters and ser-
vants. His v'egular observance, morning, noon,
and evening, of his devotional duties, with his
unoouth'looking domestics assembled round
him, and on bended knee, and with the utmost
decorum, participating in his prayers to the
throne of grace, was affecting, and might be re-
CLBVKLANO'S VUVAGES
ceived as a tacit reproach for indiiTerence ti
such duties, by that p^ of his audience whot
his brethren would denominate heretics. Bg,
this good man was gifted with a mind too lib(.
ral and noble, and a benevolence too extenavi
and pure, to pronounce condemnation fordi
ference of opinions, or to believe ia the tnona
poly of truth and goodness in any one sect i
Christians.
Our visit here had been protracted mucli h
yond our intentions, by the persuasions of tl,
padr<;, and the promise of two horses, wliich %
had successfully endeavoured to procure at tti
0'<her missions, as a present to the King of {[i
F^andwich Islands. These arrived at the et
campment on the 19th, a male and a feouk
and were presented to us by the padre. In n
turn for these, and a flagon of wine and son
dried fruits, we gave him such manufactures i
he desired, to more than their value. Thena
day we took the horses on board, and madep!
paration foi: our departure. As it was then Ii
in the afternoon, and we coidd not consent i
deprive the good padre of his tent for the ni{k
we remained on this account.
Early on the following morning, we went
shore and spent an hour with the padre, Mk
our men were engaged in striking the tent, i
taking away the soil which had formed it. i
expressed to us the great satisfaction hek
experienced in our society, and regretted i
could not pass another week with him, addii i
that our visit formed an epoch in his Ufe ; tk ^
at his mission he lived like a hermit, with 1 1
associates, except the rude Indian, and repeat <
that a visit like ours was " a Ood-send."
taking leave, he assured us, that we should 1 1
ways be remembered in his prayers, and acco 1
panying us to the boat, repeated and vocifeni|l
his d Diot, until we were too distant to heark^
more. With our glass, we perceived him t«
waiting, after we had arrived on board ; and '
did not move off with his retinue until w<l
weighed anchor.
At ten o'clock a.m., we weighed anchor i|
made all sail to the southward, and in the en f
ing perceived that we had steered too ncar:{
coast, being embayed to the northward ofij
Monro Hermoso, and were obliged to mil
tack out of our course. The next day we;
between the Island Natividad and the M*<
Hermoso ; and steering to the southeast wii
fine northwest wind, were up with and i*
Cape St. Lucas, in the evening of the 25tij
stant. Early the following morning, we
to anchor it. the bay of St. Joseph, at the:
em extremity of the peninsula, and neirj
mission of that name. A beautiful clear i
water, which erjptied into the bay, and of J
ficient depth to admit our boat, gave us !
facility in filling up our water-casks. Tlx|
dres had no scruple in supplying us with j
provision, vegetables, and fruits, as tiie f.
afforded, and were fqually rsady to trade'
t*'
AND COMMERCIAt. SMTERPRISES.
k for iadiAerence ti
r his audience whoa
linate heretics. Bu
vith a miud too libt
Dleuce too extensivt
londemnation fordil
lelieve in the tnoni
8 in any one secit
1 protracted mucli Ijt
he persuasions of tit
two horses, which %
red to procure at tb
nt to the King of tk <
s arrived at the a
a male and a feauii
hy the padre. Inn
9n of wine and sou
such manufactures i
their value. The no
n board, and madepn
e. As it was then It
could not consent I
this tent for the ni^
rant.
5 morning, we wem
with the padre, vil
n striking the tent, i
Ich had formed it. 1
>eat satisfactioa heh
siety, and regretted 1
ireek with him, addii i
epoch in his life; tk.
ike a hermit, with i {
ide Indian, and repeit \
ras " a God-tend." i
us, that wethouldi'
his prayers, and accoi J
repeated and vocifemf
B too distant to heari>
we perceived him \» '
rrived on board ; and
lis retinue until we H
we weighed anchor i|
ithward.andintheei'
lad steered too nearj
to the northward of j
were obliged to ma'
The next day we jK
atividad and the ^l)*
5 to the southeast wfl
were up with and 'J
evening of the 25t!J
,wing morning, we
I St. Joseph, at the s
peninsula, and new'
A beautiful clear n^
into the bay, and ot
our boat, gave i» fj
)ur water-casks. T>'!
n supplying us wiw
and fruits, as the f
uallv ready to trade'
tlw extent of their means, which
limited. In additiott to a iupply of
we purchased 6f them pearls to the
it of two thousand dollars, and also a ma»
Lfcjil. Having with much difficulty taken
..i«3r on boaH, on the 28th of Mar, we
'immediately for the Sandwich Islands.
it mu
CHAPTER XV.
I«r Cftliforiiia.-Ita tt^rilitv.-Abundaaee of
, — Arriral at the SaQdwicb Ulwda.— Flnt
(•rer teen at Owhyhe*.— The King's ytoit.—
ptM landed.— The King's ignorance of their
i ^ Bxcunion on ahote.— Ch;;j>acter of the
b^^Attempt to convert him to Chrlatianity.—
Xsed te«t— Customs of the Natives.—
.— Base conduct of Americans. «-Ar-
|t Guam. — tit Igvacio de Agart. — The
Bor's wlftB. — Violent gales. - Arrival at
• Sale of cargo, and one half of the shipt»
9n of a Uong merchant — Ship returns
smia. — Author departs in the Alert,
on.
\r'VlJ and freedom ttaax care eotperienoed
' oace more beyond Uie reach of a power
St dreaded arms are deceit, dissinula-
tieaobery, are more easily imagined
ibed. Fifteen months had elapsed
arrival at Valparaiso, and it will be
in eaeh of the thfce ports which we
a state of hostility had existed be-
govemiiient and ourselves, whidi was
'always the more rabootoitt for the de-
the people took in our fikToar,'~*a oir>
which we knew to be owing less to
Dtton for hs, than to their deadly
the officers of government. The lal>
natives of Old Spain, and eveiy where
St had disgusted the Creoles, by their
M and overbearing manner of treating
^iNo inconsiderable drawback, however,
exgoyment of this repose was the re-
' that we had yet on board nearly one
Etnropean cargo, wMob could not be
of at Canton, nnleu there shonld
^ID be a vessel fitlmg out from thence to
lish coast, of which there was not much
Ity. From the prott which there was
iof Our making on the sea-otters' skins,
I tiievi was soaroely any chance of ex-
a loss on the whole adventure } and
OMtelation from th* reflection, that
bad been wanting an our part to pro-
Btter result.
coasted along the western shore of
for the most part within a distance
(leagues, and often much nearer, from
to Ca|>e San Lneas ; and, during the
surse, had seen nothing but a continued
barren sand - hills, with occasional
|of bnslias of apparent)^ stinted growth,
coast has nothing to recommend it
baUtatien of man ; no harbour, no wa-
ter, no soil adapted for <ialtivati<rt. ^ Hence,
there are no missionary establishmenti neaf tba
shora. At a distance of abdnt thir^ nUea in
tiie Interior, the comitry h said to present a ^twy
different aspect; and the cheapness of cattle,
ithe abundance of horse and sheep, together
with the apparently well-fed condition of the
padrea, would seem to Justify the report. In-
deed, havirtg had ample scope to choose, tiie
padres would not have evinced their nsaal saga-
city, if they had fWled to select the meet fertile
portions of the country for the estiblidnnent cC
their miBsioi^.8.
Although in former Editions of this Work,
little has been said on the solgect of CaHibmia,
yet, as it has become ef late a place of so modi
importance in the public estimation, a short
account of its generid characteristics will not be
deemed irrevelant in this place.
The district of eonntry known geographically
as Upper California is bounded on the north Iqr
Oragen, the forty-second degree of north latitude
being the boundary line between the two terri-
tories ) on the east by the Rocky Mountains
and the Sierra de los Mimbres, a contmuatiab
of the Same range ; on the sooth by Sonem and
Old or Lower California, and on the west by tbs
Pacific Ocean. Its extent flrom north to sonlb
is about 700 miles, and fVom east to wast firom
600 to 800 miles, with an area of about 4*0,000
square miles. A small portion only of this ex-
tensive territory is fertile or inhabitable by civil-
iaed man, and this portion consists chiefly in the
strip of country along the Pacific Ooean, aboitt
700 miles in length, and from 100 to 150 in
breadth, bounded oil the east by the Sierra Ne-
vada, and on the west by the Pacific In speak-
ing of Upper California, tins atrip of country Is
what is generally referred to.
The largest river of Upper California is Che
Colorado or Red, which has a course of aboiit
1000 miles, and emptiee into the Qulf of Califtdt-
nia in latitude about Sa^ north. But Utth hi
known of the region threagh which tiiis strtam
flows. The report of trappers^ however, is, that
the river is canoiifd between high monntahia
and precipices a large portion of its oonrse, and
that its bc'^ks and t^ conatiy generally thioagh
whioli it flows are arid, sandy, and barren.
Green and Grand Rivers are its principal upper
tributaries, both of which rise in the Rodcy
Mountams, and vrithin the territories of the
United States. The Gila is its lowest and
largest branch, emptying into the Colorado, just
above its mouth. Sevier and Virgin Riven ara
%lso tributaries of the Colorado. Mary's river,
which I have previously described, rises near
latitude 4fl° north, and has a oourse of abont
400 miles, when its waters sink in the sanda of
the desert. This river is not laid down on any
map which I have seen. The Sacramento and
San Joaquin Rivers have each a oourse of from
900 to 40Q miles ; the fiiBt flawing fnm the north ,
CLEVBLAMDS TOTAGES
fi
II!!
nnd tbe last irom tlie loutb, and bdth eqaptying
iato the Bay of St. Fraaoisoo at the same point.
Thcgr wakflr the larfpe and fertile valley lying
between the Sinnca Nerada and the coast range
.of tneantains.
This noble valley is the first undoubtedly in
-California, and one c^ the most magnificent in
the world. It is about £00 miles long, with an
average width of about fifty miles. It is bounded
on the east by the great Snowy Mountains, and
xtn the west by the low range, which in many
places dwindles mto insignifio^t hills, and has
its northern terminus at the Strait of Carquines,
on the Bay of San Francisco, and its southern
near the Colorado River.
The river of San Joaquin flews through the
middle of the valley for about half of its extent,
jand'thenoe diverges toward the' eastern mountoin,
■in which it has its source. About sixty miles
further south is the northern end of the Bnena
^tA Lake, which is about one hunaired miles
long, and from ten to twenty wide. Still farther
aonth, and near the western side of the valley,
is another and much smaller lake.
**' The great lake receives about a docen tribn-
-taries on its eastern nde, which all rise in the
great range of the Snowy Mountuns. S<HDe of
-these streanu flow through broad and fertile
valley*, within the mountains range, and, from
thenee eme^ng, irrigate the plains of the great
' valley 'for thi| distance of twenty or thirty miles.
The largeet'oC these rivers is called by the Span-
ish iidwhitaots the river Reyes, and falls into
-tiie,.lflil|» near the northeom end ; it is a well-
timbef^^tream, and flows through a country of
gnat fcirtility and beauty. The tributaries of
the San Joaquin are all on the east side.
V , On ascending the stream we first meet with
ihe Stanislaus, a clear, rapid mountain stream,
some forty or fifty yards wide, with a consider-
able depth of water in its lower portion. The
Monn<ms have commenced a settlement, called
New Hope, and built some two or three houses
fear the mouth.
ti.Then are considerable bodies of fertile land
' along the river, and the higher plains afford good
pMtaiage.
. Ten miles higher up is the river of the Tawa-
loQMS ; it is about the size of the Stanislaus,
wh^ it gveatly resembles, except that the soil
is somewhat better, and that it particularly
iUwunda with salmon.
■fu Some thirty miles farther comes in the Merced,
nuoh the lanest of the tributaries of the San
Joaqoin. The lands along and between the
ftribntarias ef the San Joaquin and the lake of
Bnena Vista form a fine pastoral region, with a
giMd proportion of arable land an4 a vwy invit-
ing field for emigration. The whole of this
region has been but imperfeotlv explored ;
enough* however, is known to make it certain
that it is one of the most desirable regions on the
oentinent.
,T, In the valleys of the rivers which oome down
frcnn the great Snowy MouQUdns are vast bojii
of pine, and red- wood, or cedar timber, ani ^
streams afford water power to any desinlii
amount
The whole country east of the San Joaq^
and the water comninnication which connecti,
with the lakes, is considered, \nr the best.jnd|)
to be particularly adapted to the culture of li
vine, which must necessarily become one of i
principal agricultural resources of Californis.
The Salinas River empties into the Pad
about twelve niiles above Monterey. Si
River empties into the Great Salt Lake. T:
other streams of California are all small.
The Great Salt Lake and the Utah Lab
have already described. There are nnmen,
small lakes in the Sierra Nevada. The
Joaquin is connected with Tule Lake, or U
Boena Vi^ta, a sheet of wat«r about dghty nd
in length and fifteen in breadth. A hUcei
laid down in any map, and known as t
JMguna among the Califotnians, is sitmi
auout sixty miles north of the Bay of San Fn
Cisco. It is between forty and sixty milei
length. The valleys in its vicinity are hi|i
fertile,and romantically beautiftil'. In the itt \
ity of this lake there is a mountaiB of fi"^ j
sulphur. There are also soda springs, ad
great variety of other mineral wateta, and i
erals.
The principal monnti^ West of the eaili
boundary of California (the Rocky Moonttii
are the Bear River, Wahsatoh, Utah, the Sit
Nevada, and the Coast range. The WahM
Mountains form the eastern rim of the " gi
interior basin." There are numerous raqgi
this desert basin, all of which run north n
south, and are separated from each other .
spaoions and barren valleys and plains. I
Sienti Nevada range is of greater elevatioo tt
the Rocky Mountains. The summits of:
meet elevated peaks are eovered with perpei
snow. This and the ceast range run ne
parallel with the shore of the Pacific Thei
is horn 100 to 200 miles from the Pacific,!
the last from forty to sixty miles. The yi j
between them is the most fertile portion of 1
fornia.
Upper California was ^soovered m 154S, J
Cabrillo, a Spanish navigator. In 1578
northern portion of it was virited by Sir Fn |
Drake, who called it New Albion. It wa<i i
colonized by the Spaniards, in 17(8, and foil i
a province of Mexico until after the revolii
in that countnr. There have been nun
revolutions and oivil wars in California
the last twenty years ; but, up to tibe
of the country by the United States in Ii|
Mexioaa authority has generally been exewij
over it. |
The following description ef the poIiUcil<J
social condition of Upper California in M\
extracted from a Spanish writer of that date f
GoremmffNf.— Upper CaUfomia, on ««*'
AND
I fmair population, not being able to become
of the great Mexican republic, take* the
•r of territory, the government of whidi
the charge of a commandant- general,
iaee the charge of a saperiot political
Itoee attribatee depend entirely opoo the
Bt of the rq>ablio and the general congrees.
amplify the legislation of its centre, it
lepntation made ap of seven vocals, the
** these individoals being removed every
The soperior politieal chief prerides
sessions. The inhabitants of the terri-
i divided amongst the presidios^ misuons,
us.
Y.->-Tbe neeessity of protecting the
predication was the obligatory reason
ag the presidios, which were established
: to oircaBMtanees. That of San Diego
Santa- Barbara, Monterey, andJSan
were built' afterwards. The form of
is- nearly the sane, and this ia a
itainiog abimt two hundred- yards in
It, fonnsd of a weak wall made of mud-
'Itft height may be four yards in the
f,<Df the square, and. built- on to the same
its entire cirourafereuoe are a chapel,
and house* for the commandant,
t|nd troops, having at the entraaoe of the
i for a eorpa dt gmrde.
buildings in the presidios, ati the first
to have been sufficient, the only
Kving been for a defence against a sur-
the gentiles^ or wild Indians in the
vioinitv. But, this cause having
i believe they ought to be demolished, as
' daily threatening a complete ruin,.|H[^
I very limited spaces of habitation, mut
incommodious to those who inhabit
^iA* to' the exterior of the presidios, several
'iidividuals have built some very decent
having evinced great emulation in
of business, I' have no doubt but. in a
we shall see very considerable towns-
lia.
dfstance of one, or at the most two
the presidio, and near to the anchor*
id, is a fort, which has a few pieces of
' of small calibre. The situation of most
j^is very advantageous for the defence of
though the form of the walls, esplan-
otbep imperfections, which may be
ke them very insignificaotw
ittalion of each presidio is made up of
or more horra soldiers, called cuera;
[these, it has a number of auxiliary troops
' »ohment of artillery. The commandant
presidio is the captain of iu respective
and besides the intervention, military
|tic«l, he has <Aiarge of all things relating
ine department.
*•• — The missions contained in the
are twentv-one. They were built at
^ochs : that of 8an Diego, being the
c built in 1769 : its distance from tlie
CCmMERCIAL ENTERPRISES. 73*
presidio of the same name is two leagues. Th*
(«st were built sneoeinvelv, according to oironm-
stanoes and neoesnty. The last one Waa fomadad
in the year 1822, under the name of Ssn Fran-
cisco- Deloves, and. is the most northern ofi
all.
The ediflMa ini socio of those missioaa u»
more extensive than in others, bat in foim thqr
are all nearly equal* They are all fabricated o&
mnd-brieks, and tha- divisions are aotor&g to
necessity. In all of them may be found commo*
dioas habitations for the ministers, storefaonse*
to keep their goods- in, proportional granaries^
offices for soap-makers, weavers, bUoksnritb^
and- large parterresy and horse aud cattle pens^
independent apartments for Indian youths of
each sex, andalL such, offices as were neeeissary
at the time of its institntion. Contiguona to and
communicating with the former is a ohtutthv
forming a- part of the edifices of each mtsftfoa ;
they are all veiiy proportionate, and are adomad
witb. profusion.
The Indians reside abont two hundred yanl»
distant from the above-mentioned edifice. Tbi*
place is caUed the rancheria. Most of the mis*,
sions are made up of very reduced quarters, bailt~
with mud-bricks, forming streets, while in others
the Indians have been allowed to follow their,
primitive customs ; their dwellings, bung a fort-
of huts, m a conical shape, which at the most do>
not exceed four yards in diameter, nnd the toil of
the cone may bis elevated three yteds. Tlier-
are built of rough sticks, covered witii bnlrosfaes
or grass, in such a manner as to completely,
protect the inhabitants from all the inolemenoiM
of the weather. In my opinion, these raiidMriaa.
are the most adequate to the natural nndeibiUnesB
of the Indians, as the familiea often renew them,
burning the old ones, and immediately building
others with the greatest facility. Opponte the
ranoherias, and near to the mission, is to be found
a small garrison, with proportionate rooms toe
a oorpondi and five soldiers with their families..
This small garrison is quite sufficient' to prevent
any attempt of the Indians from taking efiect,
there having been some examples made, which,
causes the Indians to respect this small faroo*
One of these pickets in a mission has a donUa
object ; besides keeping the Indians in sul^tion^
they run post with a monthly oorrespondenoe^ oE'
with any extraoidmaries that may be DfOoessary
fop government.
All the missions in this Califwmia are under
the charge of religious men of the order of San
Francisco. At the present time their number is
twenty-seven, most of them of an advanoed age^
Each mission has one of these fathers for it|!i
administrator, and he holds absolute f*- tV.^
The tilling of the ground, the gatherit
harvest, the slaughtering of oattle, the i >• ^
and everything that concerns the nissiou,
under the direction of the fatherSi without any
other person interfering in any way whatever,
so that if any one mission has the good fortune.
^^*iif^#*#*«"u-
74ft ■
to te ra|MriiitMid«d 1^ ad indutrioaa tml cHiarMl
jMidra, th* ImUub ^mnj in tbttiukuioe aU tb*
rwl MdMMuiei of lire | at th» aaue time tht
nakadoMi and iniMiy of vay one niraion art •
palpaU* proof of tha inaativity of ita direalor.
The minions axtond their poaBeseiona from one
a a ti aaa i ty of' the territory to the other, and have
nade the limita of one misaion from those of
•nothai^ Though thoy do not require all this
kad Air their flgricnlture and the niaintonanoe
of their atoek, they hare appropriated the whole (
always atronnfly opposing aay hMiividual who
may wish to settle himself or hia family on any
piooe tt laud between them. Bat it is to be
hoped that the new ay stem of illustration, and
the neoessity of augmenting private property,
and the people of reason, will oaoie the govern*
nent to take such adequate measures as will
condNate the interests of all. Amongst all the
miaaioMB there are firom twonty-one to twenty*
tiOathonBaad Catholio Indians ; but each misr.ion
has not an equal or a proportionate part in its
ooagregatioa. Some havO three or four thousand,
whilst others have scarcely four hundred ; and
at this difference may be computed the riches of
the missiona in proportion. Besides the number
of Indiana already spoken of, each mission has a
considerable number of gentiles, who live chiefly
on fkms annexed to the missions. The number
of thiav'ia Itadatermined.
The ladiaas AMvaaftarally filthy and careless,
•nd their und«rBtandli%'ia very limited. In the
Rnall arts they, are not deficient in ideas of
imitatioai bat they never will be inventorst
Theur tnm ofaaracter is that of being ravengefiil
and timM, oonsequently they are very much
addicted tO treaohery. They have no knowledge
ci benefits received, and ingratitude is common
amongst them. The edoeation they receive in
their infknoy is not the proper one to develope
their reason, and, if it were, I do not believe them
capable of any good impreision. All these
Indians, whether fVom the continual use of the
aweat'house, or from their filthiness, or the little
Tontilation in their habitations, are weak and
imv^oroaa) spasms and rheumatics, to which
they are so muoh subject, are the consequences
of their auatoma. But what most it\jures them,
and prevents propagation, is the venereal disease,
wUdi moat «€ them have very strongly, clearly
proving that thehr hnmonra are analogous to
receiving the impressions of this contagion.
Fram thift reason may be deduced the enormous
difiSsrences between the births and deaths, which,
without doubt, is one«tenth per year in favour
of the latter ; but the missionaries do all in their
power to prevent this, with respect to the eate-
ohumena aituatsd near them.
The gMieral productions of the miaaiona are,
the breed of the larger class of oattle and
aheap, horses, whuf^ aaaiie or Indian com, beana,
peaa, and other vc, ^blea ; though the produo.
tiona oi tho miaaiooa sitoated more to the south -
wwd ara mora extoasivo, these, producing the
^ ^iJCLtVtt A 24 Da YOTAOiSS > : U H a
grape and olive itt abundatioo. Of all tlm
artioles of produotioi, the molt lucrative ii ^
larM oAttle, their hides and tallow afibrding«|
active oommoroo with foreign veasala on tin '
ooast. This being the only means the inhRbi j
ants, missionaries, or private faidividoals have « j
supplying their actual neoessitiea, for this retm.
they give this branch all the impalae tlicy p(,|
sibly can, and on it generally plaoo all tlwi
attentloti.
It 4b now six years since tli^ began to gniln.
in hides and tallow for oommeroe. FnriiKn,
they merely took care of aa many or aa tnnchif
they required for their own private nae, andtll
rest was thrown away aa UBeleisi but at tk|
time the actual number of hides sold annvili
on board of foreign vessels amount! to thirty !i
forty thousand, and about the same amounti^
arrobas (twenty •five pounds) of tallow ; and, if
pursuing their present method, there is no do
bnt in thrae or four years the amount of
exportation of each of these artioles will
doubled. Flax, linen, wine, olive-ail, grain,
other agricultural productions, would be
extensive if there were stimnlanta to exti
industry ; but, this not being the oaae, thon|
just grain, enough sown and reaped for the (
sumption of the inhabitants in the territory.
The towns contained in this district ore thrdi
the most populous being that of Angeles, wlia
has about twelve hundred souls t that of!
Joaeph's of Guadaloupe may contain six h^
dred, and the village of Bronciforte two hundn
they are all formed imperfectly and witbof
order, each person having built hia own houmj
the spot ho thought most convenient for hiinii
The first of these pueblos is governed b;l
corresponding body of magistrates, oompos(Hl(
nn alcalde or judge, four regidores or munici|r
oflScers, a syndic, and secretary ; the secondfl
an alcalde, two regidores, a syndic, and
tary; and the third, on account of the small
of its population, is sulyeot to the command
of Monterey.
The inhabitants of the towns are white, i
to distinguish them from the Indians, arei
garly called pettple of rMsea. Tho numb«f j
these contained in the territory may be n«
five thousand. Ihese families are di«
amongst the pueblos and presidio»> Thsyi
nearly all the descendants of a smaJl numbirl
individuals who came from the Mexioan coudi-'
some as settlers, others in the sorvioe of i
army, and accompanied by their wives. Id I
limited space of little more than filly yean (
present generation has been formed.
The whites are in general robust, healthy,)
well«made. Some of them are occupied!
breeding and ndsing oattle, and oaltivating i
quantities of wheat and beans ; but for wsii|
sufficient land, for which they cannot obtiiij
rightfVd ownership, their labours are very lin '
Othan dedicate ihemsalves to thesMvice of i
All Mie preeldiid companiea are compoied of ll
AND COMNBRGUL BMTIRrftlSBS.
7«t
I d ths country, bat Ui« moct 9f tlMOi art
iBdoient, it being very rw* for Miy
to •trire to MicoMnt bit fofton««
b«n»>ridiiig, tad gwnbUag •toupy all
Th« aft* are antirely unknown, and
abtftil if thera is one individual wbo
any trade i very few who nndentaad
BdimenU of letlert, and the ether Mienoe*
Bwn amongst them.
^fiHUDdity of the fofle t^ reMca ia
It ia very rate to find a married
lb lest Uiau five or six children, while
hnndreda who have from twelve to
iVeey few of them die in their youth,
ling the age of puberty are sure to
(id-childNn. The a;;? c." eighty and
has always be«:i common in this
^ttnost bfirmities ko unknown here^ and
and robustness of the people show
Bial influence if the climate ; the
particular have always the roses
their cheeks. This beautiful species
doubt the most active and laborious,
their vigilaneios in the duties of the
kdeanliness of their children, and atten*
' husbands, dedicating all their leisure
[|d some kind of occupation that may be
Is their maintenance. Their cloth-
clean and decent, nakedness being
tnown in either sex.
•if CtfMMurcf.-* There are four ports,
kys, in this territory, which take the
[the corresponding presidios. The best
that of Sau Diego. That of 3an
1 many advantages. Santa Barbara
Idling in the t^ rort of the season ;
aes uways bad. Besides the above<
places, vessels sometimes anchor at
San Luis Obispo, El Refugio, San
bSan Juan, that they may obtain the
'of the missions nearest these last-
places ; but from an order sent by
of war, and circulated by the com-
Bneral, we are given to understand
Bign vessel is permitted to anchor at
Bse places, Monterey only excepted,
iding the commandante-general has
first three principal ports to remain
jjsionally. Were it not so, there would
be an end to all oommaroe with
jfis I will quickly show,
motive that induces foreign vessels
coast is for the hides and tallow
barter for in the territory. It is well
»t ac any of these ports there is no
of realizing any money, for here it
;,ciroalate. The goods imported by
bIs are intended to facilitate the
the aforesaid articles, well knowing
lesions have no interest in money,
such goods as at« neoessary for the
I that seveml pwnona who have brought
|aell iot nothing bot money have not
to acU them. l\ will appear very
exhraoffdUMry Uuit money eliouid nei bn nppMo >
ciatad in a country where its valM is so wdl»^
known ; bat tha veason may be easily peroe i ^ed hpbi
attendinff to the ourcumetaiieea ef tha tenilanr. < n
The quantity of hide* gathered yeariy is tSant^i
tliirty 0* forty fehonsand ; and the onrobaa ef I
tallow, with very Ultla diflParenee, will be wkanlkf
the same. Avarnging Iha price ol' oaoh aitieto :
at two doUars, w* shall sea thai the intrioiiat
value in nnnnnl oirotiUtioB in Caiifomhi la.'
140,U0O doUara. Iliia sum, divided h ets r em i *
twenty -one miasiona will give to eaoh 66Mh
dollarsh Suppaeing the only prodootion oftlmi
conntry eon verted into money, with what wo«Mm
the Indians healothod, and by wliat memia woirii^l
thwjT be able t» cover a thousand othat nece»i(i
sanee 't Money is useful in amplifying speonlOM'i
tionst but hi California, as yet^ <I|mn Oip.ii**
specalationa, and its productiona arKhavri/MS*^
cient for the idMolute necessary eodshm|MtMi4
The some comparison may be made wilk rM|Mal
to private Individnals, who are able to gaMttr jn
few hides and a few orrobot of tallow, tlMit>^
being in small quontitiee." ' • \*t
It was daring the month of November,' 1 60^*'^
the snn just retiring behind the distant U|(h laov''
which forms the background of a apadoua har- '
bonr at the southernmost p^int of Alta Oaliifitir« ^
nia, that a small fleet of ve»sels night hate beeitt' '
seen directuig their cpurta u if ia leihsh of a '
place of anchorage ; their \\^ saila dnwa np^
while the larger ones, swelling now And then to '
the action of the breese, bore thttn miye^ticolly '
along, forcing their way through th« immense '
and almost impenetrable barrier of aea^ttea^ tQ
a haven which, at the remote period atiUsd, waa
considered the unexplored region of the North. ','
The fleet referred to hauled their wind to the shoro,
and passing a bluff point of land on their l(rfit»
soon came to anchor ; but no*^^ until, the ibodea '
of night had cast a gloom over the aoeae so re-
cently lighted up with the gorgeona lOys of »
setting san.
This was the oomm^noement, or rather i;^
liminary mark, of civilisation in thia country hj^ t
the Spaniards (if so it can be called) { and oa ,
the following morning a detachment was landed,
accompanied by a firiar, to mako careful invest^
gation of the king ridge of high land whioh aervee
as a proteotion to this harbonr firam the h«««>y
north-west gales. They foond, as reported, an
abundance ef small oak and otlmr kiwea, together
with a great variety of naeful ud aioraatinfaerha i
and from its summit they beheld the eatent and
beauty of the port, reaching, oe they said, fnU
three leagues from where the vessel la.j at anchor
A large tent was erected on the sandy beaeh, to
answer the pnrpoaea of a ohorch, where the fliar
might perform moss, and by directions ef tbe
commanding offioero, the boots were dmwn an
for repairing, wells were dug, portiee were sent
off to cat wood, while gnoida wcm phieed at
fonvenientdistanoeatogivenoUoeeftheapproach -
n*
rt isvittAfiu*i4 fdVAOM
ilit¥U lH«i)*Hfe «Hr«M«tt Hi«t»trtt ilHliH M(^ iiHkH«
IMIft 1^ ill^i lHMM»nM<t iKhh lo Ity «iiiH» IhHr
iM fewM nM (Vliki^ itUIOlbMttMt pHwet^ft of lt«iidi
MHlMiUtMt i»Uh liM«H ttwy t>N||vHy trid^Hml
tnMf pfNvtn#. Ihli fdiiHlMiatloii M tm\A
MMmil mvimA thent b Hraw nMt^ U\ wh«r»
tm tMlliiiHHA)- mtl )»Hdmt tvlth nU mi»n« Hut
MlMtlvtiif !« Ur|tt» i humWi'i ih** rnhiMilHil
tb n melghtMUrlnit knHI« «Miil n-«m ni(»nt!« nmit
witait (KfiJiwMihit Hftp«rflnl)y •» much Mithbllily.
watt prAMntM iMHitHltitvIv wtlh Kll\t«, •nd
l^llHitlad to itrt tntt infot m lH«ti> |t«Hpl« itf \\vd
Smif (tt«|ttmlilnki elt«iliin«d Ibr th«tH by the
M tIniMiitri. Thli «**!< 9Ulllei«ni to Iwitinitt
_ Ik* lntiirM«Hi« »Hh UiR litdtiiMi, wbo tltlU
villltii th« ^MM^UrdR, iMid birttii^rd olt ib«r^
iktM and r\m In astebftititt fnr h(>iid!i Mitd trln-
1|ttl«> Bat »t iMMttK the tima niHted Ibr (b«
lllathi dl^rU anJi (b«y »rtH>«cdtttt uorihward,
vllUmr In thati- MUrae Nontetisy and M^iido.
«tA(^i «n«>l^ tA« lattti f1i«Dtti^At<v rMult ittanded
tiM antaiiKWia «» at oibei Mcati, and Ihey
tinaHM Ih lal^tf td Haw Spain.
B« liitMaltinil bad bean tba abatnetat ttf thin
al»Mttl«»a thhiaitboat tha entira perlttd of Hh
aM«atbA> that an aHtbnilaiim pHitalted in tba
mm* ttf tha ll)MintaHla, wblah et^nld only be
aiaAagN by aa attaiu|>t t«^ (Mnauarand ehHii-
tlkVktM tM l\kbabnanti or that distant |tnttlon
dr tb« AMI«-iV«n aaatlnaht Many waia the
(Hltwia lalttitt af tha Bpaalnh adtanturai -
MaaMit>ai «ata tha ttah^manii of bin u\\\ and
latMnr, till ai h^ngth a l\t)-mldal>le attempt,
vMm tita patf(\na((a and dlv«<Mlt>n of Dun Gas-
fmt M trortala and fNtb«r .tnnlp«>m Rerra,
swNMsf^tty aahtavati thi> d^Mn^d olvioct htr
wMah U arai plannml and cxfcniad,
k\ •in f >l^h>, *ahaM», a uentnt-y and a half
IMtlMiitt tha ptimttlw natlmaton under Onrtei
«MiiaiaMM wtttk the Hide and unRnphimieatMl
itatlfa— th«t%(Wh«iH» the watont detotiM ei^eted
hta aliir im tha hat^t^tai «aad. and arlih nflbr-
Hwa tttlwamta and ji»ra)'er hallAWed It ta Ottd,
«lHMit^tH>^«a«>f rhrtittantty In that tatlen—
«4NM thit Ml«t«tla)(iiAt««M»Ntane«Ml the «attltual
aaaMaaatt tha^trMa xhii etaated, and the bnly
aMaarawarhM who aeeaanpanied tha expe«tttloa
aaiMraH haan aad i««al apitn their reliKitiai
Antaa. 8^i««e«»Ai( tn ail they uwtertnok, tltelr
imt eatalMiih««ent in a «h«>rt time wa« ettm-
tt)eta4, aM dtawitqr amand it the ennvert^
[wMaaa la taifa naMhera, tha rada and nneal-
tiaat«A IMiJIk tave pl«<ee t«» airriealturat Im-
ytava iaa t — the arts and tcieneeB fradaaily
^ W a ft w Ji llMiNiiattoMt Whata, bediMW, aU wm
^Htaaaa* aa4 day aftar tlay hantlfada wart
atlM t« titt fv^NI at' tht h^iy ant) aiXMiottc
rharrb. Tiint trittiaphanily pi-oat*(*(l(<it k
labHiirN Ht iba (iMnlib ettt^ttttpt^itt-* t In ro^^
or tittta (dbar ittMtiintlnni Wt^ra rotititiHi
Santa Barbit^M, Mitniiiray, anH Man Prnncitt
arliart* at ai(*b piMea t Hillliary (t)ri»«M ^\
erected, whirb «»*«-ted tor their proteHlttM.ni
ti> heap In abe«k s^nnb or tba ttallvmi alio t>|
dUlheilned tn «b<terte tha t'enulilliini ofiij
cnmmiiitlta.
The netltrefl (brmed ati at-dent' and rIim
ndnt-able attenbHient fi«r tlleir Dplriiaal rmhK
Nnd Were happy, itnlte bHp)iy« atider iHeir Jw
dlntlnn, loiter ready (it (tbi»y titrtti, (lie W»
tn thi> li»>ld and wntliNbitp ittet wtib reatty m
pllanoe, and «o pronpfrinis were the Itattitiiih <
tltet weny ttf tlieiH beeatna Wealthy, Inij
inere«Mi> nf ibfir eatlla and ureel abnnilMiin i
their ariinarleii, tt wim tin ttuuitnai ulRhi <
Mtotatbe ttialnn fttr laaffiten llteraily itpMii^
with bulbtrhH, and larae fleldn itr etuiitj
wheiit aitanrtnit aereii or aruund. TIiIh <»i
nf tblnnH rnHllnued until the period tU
Meaico unrinrwent a ehnnge la Itl puIlM
rarm of unvernment. wlilen <iii illMtenrinl
the (Hillnfis oF the loyal ntisalonarleN, i»
they berame re|fardla«« of I heir etiabllshim '
end Hurttfrad (hem to deellne fbr went or m*
tlort to thair IntaraitlB. Ai lanitlh oUil «.,
Rord nnii anRreny atanng. tha Oaliforiilif
prepared a more ei1>'6(ife tneannra Tor
deRtructlon, and they were left to the w
Inlendenoe of IndltldaaU Who pluiulered
of tit tbnt w«fi desirable or eapable uf reitmi^
TbuR the ftovernment commeneed tba robM
and 1(8 birelloafl carried It out td (he Idi'
desiro>lnf and laying wasia Where vcr H
were placed. In ut-der to ghe the Ihbalim
• share of (be spoils, soitieof (hem WetcM
milted to slaughter (ha e«t(lt< by eonirT
which was an equal division of (ha prof
and (be con(rac(nrs were earefbl wiiehiFj
delivered one hide (n a inisslun. (o r^liertd'
for (hemseWas, In (his way foHoWlitg u^j
eiample of (heir superiors. ^
This important revolution In the sy<ilm]
ortler of the monastla Institutions (ouli f
In IHM,at which period (he most iiUportJ
them possessed properly, atelnslva of ir
lands and (aaanten(s, to the valut of twnli
drad and iNty thousand dollars. At tttof
sent day they have but tittla mora timn
pidatad walla and restrloied boun(lsrin|
terrttdry. Ntttwithstanding this wanton j
vastatton of Pro|»erty, eantrary to (he «|»
of MAtny who were B(rongly In flivnufl
supporting these religious Institutlmii,
result proved beneflclai to (ha eounir)
largp. tndividual eoi«rprlia suec^etMj
(he lands Iteaame dis(r(Uute<i, so thatihe(^
(bralan beheld himself no longer A^n
on tha bounty or bis spiritual dlraeton, I
tha o«)ntrary, he was enabled to give mrj
to them iVom tha Inertasa and abundis
his own poasaasioni.
Bnbscquent to (he tkpulsion of the Mcxii<
rpul»toMoftlicMwi«
A Nil nftM»(*fl()M
nf flHr UhM WtiH> erMf^d, Itrid linn
Ptp^ihun fn (Mfln, th«« i(«I(InI pumn-n- i
)f h(irn(*rl p«ltl«« hf i\ttf rakthfrni did j
i>H tiiin li««M(lrHl thnfMNmi: hut In Ift14,
l(r t<i « Hilr MHmme, ntarlf Iry nn« on
i« llrt! niiml«#r Imd Incr^Rwrd (n frmr i
1*^ llininninrt; «n Ihitl ilic nffnttfintti U
itb lliNl \»'\i\ hf the mlflnlnnfl «Hi«n in
il lliMirlNlilnir Knnditlnn. Tlio ptunt-nf
>|g nut munli. Ifiinft o'l^rt nf i millltfn
iMi (rt ttt« mlN(»ralii nf ft«llfttrnlii. verv
Ik knitwni |irlor ti tli* ycur III47« ft
B»«n th« pdllojr of tli« nwnarii nf Idnd i
^Itlefl lliiffit «xltitMl mlnflrild tn ennoiffil !
lttn«h tin piittUMn ] (at, by tht* l«w nf
ir nhf> ni«h rflnrnvtrii m niln« nf nnf
bti Mttolhftr nian'H Unri, wnd the pinprla-
I iHit itntk It, tlii^ fnrmcr mijr tlmnHnet
|« i»kf> fifMiipoihn of It, nnd hold II no
isohtlniiM In work It. tfenM tfM
nf lind ntmn wM^A^ th«fe were
lliiln#nil orm, coneeMlMl th«lr «Rliit-
IliMh u |>o«g|l/iii. While In Californit
JMliitllver, allfe^^ lead, end Iron ore*,
|ltM>etinena were iMketi nam ttilittm nald
MltMumlHIe. front food itithoritf f
I dtlHlenM* of ftold and copper tnlne»,
helnt nnffllrin«d ; and I HAW npeel-
nal tilien ffotn two or three diifffrent
it I do net know what the Indleatlonit
(n tinHllly, 0rlntitl*ne, Mllpetre,
[iMid oarhonale of noda, ind bitumen,
int. 9Vre Is little doitbt that Gall-
^^ rich In ttilneral*6f alllilndii at any
PHf Meklerti \nH thia hun dlnee heeti
ived hjr the atnindanee of the preeioUi
|l«l, Which has hetn fotind all oter the
The manner of Iti Rrit diseoTery In
I iilngul«t-« aiid oflourred Mn Ibllowtit-^
linhec ]fl«7, Cnptaln Sutler, a aettler
terainfiito Plain, contracted With a
"hall to biiMd a Maw-mlll at that plaae.
Bled In the aMome of the winter and
idatn tnd raoe eonslrucled ( but When
was let OM the wheel, the tall raee
to be t4T0 narrow to permit the
I ea^afie with euMeteni rapidity, Mr.
I, to tttve tebour, let the water direetljr
ktee with a itrong current, so as to
t%ider and deeper. Me effeeied bis
^ind • large bed of laud atid grttel
' Ml to the foot of the raee^ Ono dtjr
lull, as he WAS walking down the reee
uposlt of nud, observed some gtllter-
eles at its upper edgei he fathered a
iMlned them, ind bMame satlsfled ttt
|ue. He then went to the fort, told
■utter of his dlsoovery, and they
fa keep It secret unlU • eerttlo trlst-
Plutler*s was fldlshed. It. howeter,
•nd spreed like mtt$\t. lUfMirkabio
Attended the Itboura of the first e«-
and In a few weeke hundreds of men
iwn ;thither» Little otoie than tbrtt
t. i^iP.kHtnr.n. ff*
tnonihs ifier It** Untt'^tctf^HifJi^HiftA.
fflsled that tipwards of thht ih/>tisafid ^»M«
i W(<re ettipl/<tHl At the will ih«re I* i Unit
deposit rtr hffnk of grai'el. «iliielt tb* fM^
' tfnpt>ttt es the ptnMt^f "f f «f<t«ln Afttiefi
thongh lie prtiinH\i in no right to H, eifd wo«(M
i he perfeelly Mlisfli-d with the iiWfde nrotrilse
nf a pre-irniptlon nn uticottnt of the mill mMjfh
he ban built ihire nt a e(^i«idersble eost. Mr.
iMamliaii wns living tiMr the rtttll. and inforlMMl
me that many persona were Mnployed tbof*
and below Hlfti) that the)^ oied (be Htm MM-
ehlnen as at the lower washings, m4 tjmt fhm
i siieeeas Was about the seMe— riegf fi« froMMMi
! to'ibreeottftcesofgold per Mtandiilly, Tim
gold, Ion, Is in seilw M little «otri«# than,
(hose of the lower mines.
The news of the diseoitere aeon ifrrfJNf itlm
magic to all ((narters of the globe. TeMMii
were freighted from tSnglaedend Aii ^ ii*
with passeneers and merehandiM to tlMfi M
the golden harvest ; which from the ae««tMM
received apneera ;o hive been most froHit,
though it the same time iceompnolMl wMh
imgiinent dingers, as wMl appear by the follow-
ing slitement. eopted from the ?/^ yerA
tCrraU, wlileh Is dated " Monterev^ NoVom*
her letb, 1947," ind was poblishetf In London
in February ISIfif—
" The carrying out a «ode of laws, andir
existing eircMmsHincea, Is far froM biflnff *n
easy task. The general OoverpaNmi Mtifr
appoint grrvernors, seeretariee, arid othe^ ftHi-.
lie functionaries { and Jodgea, laa/sfMds, «0^
lectors, Ac, may accept oAees Willi aaMrka «if
nim or 4,099 dollars per aoAMllii tttlf Utrdf
they are to retain their petty oUceff ,at half
those sons, remains to M seen. TYm piy ^
a member of (ingress will be accepted Mfo bf
those atone who do tnd know enough lo better
themselvee. Mecbinies caa bow gin 10 to Id
dollars per day i labvorers on llM wterfi OT
elsewhere. 5 to 10 doiiari) elerkiaad Utor*^
keepers, 1,000 to »fim doflarc p«r tmmi
soaie engage to keep store durliM tlielf sdaa-
sure at t dollars per day. or llSl or i^h. «f
J old per month ; eoefcs and stewards, dO to I4N^
ollare oer mbntb« la foot laboar of ftMjr
deserlption comiMOdi esorMtawi prieea. Iff
prevloes Information to yon I morilf Uf*
warded to voof oMca to open lti# w«f to npr
future bellaf of yotir many readHi, 1 mIjmI
mueli papeetatlofl ot being believed* 'titt mm
itt moftntalns of ooieMttver only waflmt ml
Ingenuity of man to make tliem poar mmm M
streain-^of rivers whose bottoNM add iMki
are of gold, is rather too mtM8 fo ploy aM[
the credulity of New Torters or 1faikkeao« I
suppose my story aaseed nt an enlergod edfUsM
of the ArakUm Nigkl*, Improved and adaotgd
to California.
" Whether yog or voor readari look tki
tale for Action or troth, I know aot. Voir kmt
Mper that has reached us is of April. TMa I
know, the iaadwich Islaads, Orofisi, aad
78*
CLEVELAND S VOYAGES
P5 .■
i
Lower California are faat partinf with their
iDhabitanto, all bound for thi« coast, and
I hence to the great ' placer' of the Saeranenio
vallejr, where the difiring and washing of one
■Ban that does not produce 100 troy ounces of
gold, 83 carats, from the aise of a half spangle
to one pound in one month, sets the digger to
* prospecting/ that is, looking for better
grounds. Your * Palsano ' can point out
many a man who has, for 15 to SO days in
■ucoessloB, bagged fp ive to ten ounces of
gold a day. Our plaoer, or gold region, now
extends over 800 or 400 miles ot country,
•mbraelng all the creeks and branches on the
eait side of the ri?er Sacramento and one side
of the Sati Joaquin. In my travels I have,
when resting under a tree, and grazing my
horse, seen pieces of pai-e gold taken from
ereviees of the rocks or slate where we were
stopping. On one occasion, nooning or re>
freshing on the side of a stream entirely un-
known to diggers or ' prospectors,' or, rather
if known, not attended to, 6ne of my eompan-
SoM, in rolling in the sand, said, ' GItc me a
tin tutx Why^ioald we not be cooking in gold
sunds?" Hvtook a pan, filled it with sand,
wMlwd it oirti iJnd produced in fire minutes
ti»w ^ <M«e dollars' worth of gold, merely
saying, as he threw both pan and gold on the
sand, * I thought so.' Perhaps it is fair that
your readers should learn, that however plenty
the Sacramento valley may afford gold, the
^ibulhlftg^ 6f it has its dlsadTantages. From
th« IsV of July to the 1st of October, more or
^teta, oiMfMlf of the people will have fever and
«gQe» or intermitteBt fever. In the winter, tt
Is too cold to work in the water. Some work
In the sand by washing from the snrfaeeina
wooden bowl, or tin pan ; some gauge it avt
frofli the rocks or alate; the more hay ones
roH abouA and pick op the large pieces, leaviitg
tfie imalt gold for the next emigration. The
■eaUMt of the gold region on the San Joaquin
«nd Sacramento rivers extends a distaooe of
900 miles in length by one hundred in width.
It ittbracea not mAf gold, but quantities «f
^irieksilver in altnost general Abundanee. It
1i «atiaated that a smkll popalatioB actively
Mipged in itaiaing o^yeratioM in that region
«onld export 100,000^000 dollar* in gold in
Wtrf yetr, rind that an inoraned fopolatfon
miftlil ihcreMO that amomt to 80O/)0U<MO
ttoflara annlii^* You may b^evoiaM when
1 aay that for aome tine to eoma OaHfisrnia
%1H axport^ iraarly, Aaarky or qaita 500»000
«NtMe» of gold, flS - to M tarats floe ; aome
|MM« of that irill weigh l<Nb«, very many lib.
Many men who began last Jane to dig gold
ivlth a capital of Ml dollars can now abow
5,00d to 15,000 dollars. I stwa saan to*day
making purchases of dry goods, fto^, for hfei
fbinily, lay on the eoonter ■ bag made of raw
liitltf, «ell iewed up, coatalnfaig 100 ounoaa.
I obtierved, * That ia a good way to pack gold
<iMt.f H« Very timoicently replied, ' All the
bags I broBght down are that way ; I like,
sicel' Five such bags in New York
bring nearly 10,000 dollars. Thin m
his tiamlly last AuKUst. Three months dig^l
and washing, producing four or five btgi,]
100 ounces each, is better than being muj
a vessel at 40 fiollars per month, as tbeij
formerly was. His companion, a MtiA
who camped and worked with him, onlyi!
two or three cowhide hags of gold lot J
tough, bat true, golden tale, you must noti^
agine that all men are equally succea*
There are some who have done belter; e«a!
4,000 dollars in a month; many 1,000 dot:
during the summer; and others who refQi«:
join a eorapany of gold washers who haj
cheap made machine, and receive one a!
per day, that returned to the settlements i|
not a vest-pocketfal of gol^ Some left i!
only sufflcient to purchase a horse and nk]
and pay the phy si dan six ounces of f ok {
one ounce of qainine, calomel, 'and jali^i
proportion. An ounee of ge4d for ai,
given, six ounces a visit, brin^ the fevtrij
ague to be rather an expensive aompiiJ
A ' well' man has his Droportienate lMai{i|
penses, also, to reduce his piles or Iwgs ofj^
Dry beef in the settlements at 4 cents f»>\
at the Placer 1 to 9 dollars per lb. ; salt
and pork, 50 to 100 dollars per barrel; ki
90 to 75 dollars per barrel ; coffee, 8ugar,ij
riee, 50e. to 1 didlar per lb. As washh
50e. to 1 dollar a garment, many prefer th
ing away their nsed>up clothes to payin||
washerwoman ; that is, if they intend retuti
to tlie aettlementa soott, where they can |
ehase more. As to shaving, 1 have nevcrif
a man who had time to perform that openfi
They do not work on Sundays, only brnii
their tent, blow out the emery or fine n
sand from the week's work. Horses that (
travel only one day, and from that to at||
are from 100 to 900 dollars. Freight i
by launch owners for threedays* snuyAt
per barreL Waggonera efaargeiMilo Mj
lars per load, SO to ilO aaalaa a»<««adi
Corn, barley, peas, beans,. M 4tM
bmbel. Common piatds^ any priae;
and lead: very dear. J kBo# »fh|Miiii
ia San Frvoeiseo, purchased a aomaaa
90ld washer at SO or SO dollars^ made of I
SO feet of boarda^ At a great axf
boated It up to theintlaBdkigioiifhei
BBonto, auid tiiere ttet a waggoner' booad t
«f tha digf^ni^ with an empty vnggea, (
about 5& miles. Tbo waggoaer woaMf
take iup the maehinia under tOO dollars.
<lo«tor bad to ooMMit, and bided hid
June paased over, Irioh in gold; all on*
«reck did wonders, when the waggoner!
sick, called on !hia friend the doctor, wH
tent was in sight; die doctor eamor but i
not administer the ilrit doae under the o^
of 100 doUara, wbicb was agreed to, a*
proviso that Ae foilAwing doses
AND
oioderftte. When a nui's tin* i<i
ISO dollars » day to use a tpade and tin
Iter doctors or waggoaers eaa tUok
r a pound of gold, and you oMy suppow
la, traders, aad pedlars are not slow
their fortunes in these golden times.
Francisco there is more merehaodiu
monthly than before in a year,
i after vessels arrive, land their cargoes,
I of them, aud bag up the dust, and lay
y«sel, as the crew are soon among the
The cleanest clear-out is where the
fellows the erew. There are many
«to San Francisco that cannot weigh
^«Yea with the auistanee of thre or four
ring vessels. Supercargoes must land
on arriviag, or have no crew to do it
Some vessels continue to go to sea
11 crews at 60 dollars per month for
Old hands are too wise for them,
' digging an ounce or two a-day, and
hock and champagne at half an ounce
l^aiid eating bad sea bread at a dollar
I have seen a captain of a vessel,
old contract in the port whence he
getting 60 dollars per month.
Ills cook 75 dollars, and oflfiering 100
■r month for a steward; his former
to his mates, having gone a ' pro-
Uncle Sam's ships suffer a little the
. although they offer from 900 to 500
the apprehension of a deserter,
however, lay in the port of Mon-
It a month, and lost only 90 or 80
klonel Stevenson's regiment is dis-
' 99 out of lOO^of whom have also gone
ling,* including the colonel, who ar-
Monterey last month from his last
was met by his men at the edge of
to eseort and cheer him into the town,
ins, &c., have bought up country
»xen, turoed drivers, and gone to the
>tir worthy Oovtr .oi*. Colonel of 1st
, Ac, having plenty of carts, waggons,
id mules, with a few regulars left,
^gone, but under better advantages,
>nd or third time, to see the placer
country, and have justice done to his
sen or himself. Commodore Jones,
rived in Monterey, supposed it to be
tal, head-quarters, dec, but found not
Governor left. Where head-quarters
uncertain, whether in Monterey,
P'ort, or in a four mule waggon travel-
Br the gold region. Now, whether
irters are freighted with munitions of
kc, or whether the cargo consists of
I, shirts, &c., to clothe the suffering
f, for the paltry consideration of gold,
cares or knows. But the principle
that* if privates can or will be off
their thousands, those who are better
»uld not go goldless."
Vfip York //ero/rf of January 23, 1S48,
I, Tlie-goid region of California is the
COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES. ?l
most wonderful tbat has ever been iiaeawmA,
There seems to be no ("Mibt, that in a short
time— proUbly in less than tw9 year»— theia
mines can be made to prodoce 100,000 jDOOi. |mr
year. The region is the moat ezteosivf of the
kind in the world, being 800 miles ii| length,
and lao in width, with every indicatioo that
gold exists in la^e native masses, in the rocks
and mountaias of the Sierra Nevada. But
these vast gold mines are not the only mineral
discoveries that have been made. The quic|(-
silver in the same region seems to be as abun-
dant as the gold, so there are approximated to
each other two metals, which will have a meet
important effect and utility in making the gfrid
mines more valuable. HeretoCure the gold and
silver mines of Mejtico and Peru have been
valuable to Spain, because she possessed a
monopoly of the quioksilver mines at Almadeo,
in the Peninsula. This is surpassed by CaU<
fornia.
According to the last aeeouott now given to
the public, emigrants were crowding in from
euery port of the Pacific to California— from
Mexico, Peru, the Sandwiolr^elande, Oregon;
and we have no doubt by tids time the British
possessions in the Bast, Chiaa^aad everywhere
else in that region, are furnishing emigrants to
the wonderful regions of Caiiforaia. In (ass
than a year there will probably be a popular
tion of 100,000 to 900.000 souU, all digging
for gold, and capable of producing fron
100,000,(M)0 to 800,000,000 dollars worth per
annum of pure gold, to be thrown on the oegn-
merceof the world at one fell swoop. Tide
will produce results that no one, can at this
time estimate. imM\t^f- • v ») bu
Leaving the mission of San Joseph's on the
9dth of May, 1803, we experienced undeviating
floe weather, fair winds, and smooth sea, on our
passage to the Sandwich Islands, and on the
19th of June, ISOS, got sight of Owhyh.,e, its
summit towering above the clouds. Wa pafU^
Kohollo Point with a strong breeae ; an4> 9^
suming the King to be at ICaniJj^akonariMf ^ we
proceeded directly thitner,. ■ Arriving on the
2 1st in the morning, we lay by, and fired a gun.
Not a canoe, however, nor a person, was seen
moving. Ttte silence and inactivity which pre-
vailed, formed a perfect contrast to alt my for-
mer experience at these islands. At length,
after lying by more than an hour, two persons
were discovered swimming off to us. On af-
rlvlng on board, one of them spoke ^ufflolent
English to make us understand,ftbatt|iere exist-
ed a taboo ; and, moreover, that the kiug and
principal men were at Mowee They piloted tts
to the best anchorage, passing over the coral
bank ; and ^ anchored on a sandy bottom, in
sixteen fathoms.
The next day, John Young, who l^d seen us
pass his residence, at Tooayah Bayj made us a
f isit, presttmiog we should anchor here. He
tolrl lis thn^ tlic tftboo wn^ n prrindii'nl i>np.
WhKi hp first lincnmp nn i«h«hUnnt of Hip Is-
Innd, it was of ton dfty«' dnrntiiMj ; htit, of Intn
ypnrs, hud brpii r(»d»icr(l, and wns now limited
to thrpp. \Vp intended to rpmpin iipre no lonRPV
than w-fts rpqnisitp to «npply ouvspIvps witit n
few rpfreshnvpnts, which Yonna nndevtook to
prortn-p for ns. Wr improved the time, tl>pre-
Jorp, by n rnmhle on sliovp. Among other jiIacpr,
we visited that Morni, wliere, in lieflnnoe of the
prejndieps of tiic. nntives, (!aptnin Cook caused
his observatory to be erepfed ; rt desperation,
t^'hich was tlie origin of the qMsr^el that termi-
nated his exist oncp. Tlipre are yet standing,
near the Moral, several eocoa-ii.u trees, whicli
Ri-p perfor tted with the bulls tirod fron\ his can-
non on ' .nt occasion.
We left Karukakooa Hay on the '23i-d, nndlhc
next morning anchored at Tooayah Bay, for the
?nrpos'.! of landing the niiirc with foal, for which
onng was very \n'gen' professing to ha' »■ a
kncwiodge of the (rcatnu t of horses, and pro-
mising to take all possible care of the piiimal.
In the expectation that the chance of thoir in-
, crease would be better secured, by placing the
.horses in the care of ditt'erent persons, we ac-
, ceded to his \-equest, and landed me mare in
> safety near his place. Tliis was the tirst horse
that ever trod the soil of Owhyhee, and cansed,
. amongst the natives, itid-ssant acclamations of
• astonishment. Leaving this bay the same even-
ing, we steered ft>r Mowee ; otV wliich island we
•ky becalmed a part of ilie next day. When
•tl«4ireew sprang up, though at a long distance
tlMm tho village of Lahinn, we were boarded by
'IwiaO l>avis, the European, who, with John
Voung, was captured tnauy years since, in Cap-
tain Metcalf's vessel. Soon after, a double ca-
' nop xvas seen c«>ming towanis us ; and, on ar-
rival alongside, a large, athlptic man, nearly
nakot^, jm\iped on board, who was introduced by
!)a\'i$ as Tamaahmaah, the (?reat King.
l>esii"ons of conciliating the good ojiinion of a
person whose power was so great, we omitted
no attention which we supposed would be agree-
able to him. Wut, whether he had left; some
d»ity nnpoiformed on show, or whether he had
Ttit with something to disturb his serenity of
miud, we know not ; certain it was, that he did
not w-ciproi^ate onr civilities. He appeared to
be absent ; and, after walking i-ound the deck
of the vessel, and taking only a very careless
look of the horses, he got into his canoe, and
went on shore. Daxis remained on board all
night to pilot us to the best anchorage, which
we gh'^'-d early the following morning, and,
•oon after, had our decks crowded with v'sitors
to sec the horses. The people showed nne of
that indifference on seeing thc\», which '\ad
been snanifested by the king, and which I <?-
lieve to have been at^'ectation, but, on the (Oi -
trary, expressed such wonder and admiration as
w«re very natural on beholding, for the first
time. this noble aBin)al. Tlie horses wcro lauded
t'I.EVEI.AND S VDYAOKS
safely, and in perfert lierJth, the same dur j
gavp pvidencp, by their jrambols, of tlipir'nu^
faction at being again on tfirrn jlrntn. Tl
were then presented to the k'.ng, who w«s(,
that one had bpen als.> Ipft nt Owhyhee for (,
He expressed his thanks, but did not spi>i,
comprehend thrir value.
While the crowd were appArenttv wnmlpi,
what use they could be pnt to, % sailor frnm.
siup jumped upon the hack of one and g«!|f»
otf .imid the shouts of the natives, wli,' »
nlccrity opened a way to let hfm pass. \\,
existed strong apprehensions iti the minds n(
for the safety of the man ; but whet», by p
back and fcnth, they perceived the dhriliit
the aniitial, his subjection aniMiis flcetncs8,ii
><i'ciued to form sotnc little conception n|,
utility. The King was among the numbpn,
witnessed the ten'.erity of the sailor; but, »
all the sagacity for which he has been p
praised, remarked, that he coidd hot pcnv
that the ability to transport a person fri)in
place to another, in less time than he coiilih
v^ould be adequate compensation for the f od
would consume and the care he wo.dd xt^^ ,
As a dray or a dragoon's horse, there win fj
prospect of his being wanted, and heneetj
present wts not very highly appreciated,
this we were ntuch disappointed, but lio|i|
nevertheless), that the king would be intliicni
by our advice to have them weli taken earei
that they would increase, ani evetttuallyil!
their value would he justly es imat«d.
Our supplies were received i!>ora the kin^
all which we paid the full prie^ ; and thoiiitli <
offered tis a small present as an oihet for;
horses, we declined its acceptance. Bein|[
prehensive that our stock of bread woulil i
last till we reached China, we hoped, as a » '
stitnte, to procure a good supply of yams;!
in this expectation we were disapfminted.
they were at this time nnnsually scare*, i<
therefore we determined to touch at the o« i
islands for this purpose. Accordingly, onK
2d of .Ttdy we left MoWee, and thenext niomi
anchored in Whyteete Bay, island of Woaliwi
While the nati\'eR were engaged in collortj
our supplies, I made a long excursion on sluf
among the bcatttiftd rural scenery in the mitt
bonrbood of the bay. In a retired spot, clotlj
with venlure and surrounded with coco«il_^^
Irpps, my guide pointed to the grave of iiir*tl»^
friend and former shipmate, Charles Dcihy,''
died here last year, on board a Bosldn '"j
which be commanded, from the Nor
coast. Charles and I had sailed many a tin
s.-iud leagues together, and being of ilic
age, the probability was as great, whoii.
parted, that he would visit my grave as I w]
Meeting with but partial sticcess in pnoi'u""
here a supply of yams, we left on the .Vh,i
passed the following day, lying off and on.i»^
Atoui, the most western island of the
with no better success 5 and then bore awyi'
ef.'tli, tliP untMf (h» ,.
«r«mhol«, of flipt/mii''
OH tH'rti flrmn. B
} IliP k'.ny, who wdsd
Irft nt: Owiiyhi-c fori,
ks, htit did lot ^17
rfl Bpp«r(>ntlv wnndn,
pHt to, K gallDr frnm.
lack of onp and gRllni
f the natives, wli,' »
let h'tn pass. tl»
isioMS tti the miml^ of
nn ; hut whett, l-y p
toreoiveu the uoriliti
)n aniMtis ncetm<!i8,ii
little conception n|
among the niiinbort
of the sailor; ')iit,»
lich he has hecii jw
t he conld hot \w\o
ispovt a person from
time than he could:
pensation for the f od
t care he Mfo.dd roiij
n's horse, there \v«i; r|
wanted, and henci^
highly appreciated,
isappointed, but liof
ing would be intlucn
;hem well taken oarci
ise, au'l eventually tt
itly es imat«d.
5eived i'^m the king,
»n prio ! ; and thougli
!nt as an offlset for
acceptance, BpIhk
•ck of bread would
fia, we hoped, as a i
ad supply of yams ; '
! were disappolntd
B unnsually scarcf, i
1 to touch at the on
e. Accordingly, oni
»e, and the netri mom
lay, island of Woali«
re engaged in collorti
ung excursion on ?ln'
fnl scenery in thr mt
n a retired spot , clort;
xinndod with coco*!
to the gra\e of my
tntp, CharlcA Ppitty,'
I hoard a llosl.m
, from the ^lllt
»ad sailed many a t
and being of ilic
Has n» great, wtn'ii
isit my grave iis I lii'
•tial success in proii"!
\vc left on the S'h ^
y, lying off and on.iO
rn island of llio
and then bore «ff«y
AND
ill sail to thr westward. Atoiii. at this
was independent of the government of
mnah, from whom we were bearers of »
to the king, purporting, that the am-
T, which had been setit to him, together
ne of equal rank, must be sent to Woa-
tdin tlie space of one month, aeknow-
\:m, Tamaahmaali, as his sovereign, nn
nf a visit with all his forces. As the
not come on board and we did not
ihe message was given to one nf the
residents, who promised to convey it,
it would h" '.lisi\:garded.
Sandwich Islands, and their distingnisbed
ve long been so familiar to the Uurrtpean
lerican reader. At to reqnire litlle to be
t them. At the time of our aeipiaint-
;h Tamaahmaah, be was a perfect Ravugf,
iDntly destined by nature, both physically
tally, to be a chief. H'* minel was of a
cast; its du'tates in<li"d the politic
of seizing and forcibly liceping Vounjj^'
S, aware of the advantages that would
itn it, anil foreseeing, that good usage
would reconcile them to their fate ;
culations the result proved to havr
ct. As our intercourse with these
creased, the danger of a temporary
shore ceased. Among others who,
period, took advantage of it, vas a
1, commonly called l'a«lre llowcll,
ingratiated himself into favour with
and, being struck with his superiority
, conceived that it would not be diffl-
uce him to abandon his idolatrous
And substitute one of rationality. Ac-
vhe lost no opportunity, after acquiring
knowledge of the language, to con-
ohi«f of the incapacity for good or evil
~ , and of the power, and wisdom, and
Vf the Supreme Maker and Kulcr of
>e, whom he worshipped. The first,
impotency of the idols, was without
mitted \ but the second, not being
Id not be comprehended. His mind,
•ppear>>d to be dwelling on the sub-
increased attention, after each conver-
|At length, one day, while walking toge-
king unusually thoughtful, and Howell
favourably from it, the silence was
the king s observing, " You say your
werful, wise, good, and that he will
httrm those who truly worship and
?" This being assented to, than said
" Give me proof, by going and tliroW-
lelf from yonder precipice, and, while
ill oil your God to shield you ; and if
e unharmed, I will then embrace the
i»f your God." It may be unnecessary
' ai Howell failed to give the desired
that the king remained unconverted,
ractice of mutilation was prevalent on
of a peraon of consequence. At this
Iff one was deficient in the two most
COMMF.RCIAL I'.NTR !t PIllSRS, 1'A
prnmiii nt upper front teeth, which had been
knocked (Hit. Ik conformity with the tyrnnny of
custom, and to have failed in giving; such evi-
dence of loyalty would have been impolitie and
iinsiufe. (Jnllantry is held in no less eKtiinatiou
here than loyalty; and feats are related to have
been performed, '«» cimvince the adored object
of devotedness anil attacNment, which will bear
comparison with those of the renowned days of
chivalry. An instance occurred, a few days be-
fore our arrival, of a man swimming 'nun the
v'''age of l/akina, in Mowee, to the Island of
R«nai, a distance of not less than ten miles, tu
convince the idolir.ed damsel of the truth and
extent of bis passion. The effect was unknown
at the period of (ujr departure, but it may be
presumed to have been irresistible.
The abuse of power. In the most unfrrincipled
and even cruel acts, has frequently been chnrged
to (Mir countrymen, while pursuing tlif^r avoca-
tions in these distant regions, and J am sorrv to
say not without foundation. To such eonmirt
may reasonably be attributed the hostility of the
Indians, the loss of many innocent lives, and «if
much property. Two instamres in point, of i*.
cent date, were at this time the general »h»»nie of
conversation among the foreigners at Mo«ne.
The first, that of a Captain 11 , In a scboouer
belonging to Philadelphia, who seiv,e<l 'ome un*
suspecting chiefs on the Northwest coast, whih
visiting him, and released tbcin only on beiuf
paid a ransom in skins, by lliiir people IV«
second, that of Onptain H , of NaHtM«>ket,
and master of the schooner Nancy, of Boitoit,
engaged in the seal-skin business. This vessel,
during the unfavourable season at Ma«afii«ra,
went to Easter Island, where the natives came
on board with a confidence inspired by the good
treatment they had usually experienced from
other vessels which bad visited tliem. When on
the point of sailing, he decoyed six of them he-
low, closed the hatches over them, and w«nt to
sea. His object was to take them to Maaafuera,
and employ them In taking* and skinning seals,
and afterwards, probably, to return them un-
harmed to their native island and friends. It it
presumable that they were as well treated a« a
regard to their security would admit. Be this,
however, as it may, when the land was no
longer in sight, there was supposed to Imi no
danger of an attempt to escape, and conse-
quently they were allowed to come on deck,
when, without a moment's hesitation, they all
simultaneously threw themselves into the sea.
The boat was lowered down and eve 7 effort
made to save them, but in vain, as, beirg expert
swimmers, they used their gfreat»"t exertions to
avoid the boat ; thus evincing a preference of
death to slavery.*
On the 7th of July, 1803, having ascertained
* This was rriated to me by a person who was
at Masafuera «rhen the schoonar Naney arrived
there from Easter Island.
'm
k
H
»»l»»t» llmt* Otrtti ll»»*v Ut'tn Htttllt. «*•»' Hirtiltt «trt(l
\^ «iW' ^»>Mumi|, wlllt 0(1' lt\|»'t(Hi*»t M» thtU'lilntn
KV tl\tt ^^it^n.i »r •niitwi Hhii fnitu< in "inttt hI
»>«rt« Ulrthil in» tlH' i'v»<»)lntt tir (li** 'I'Mlt. I'll!'
WMl «mM)U>\a.hrt>i<, \\»< ilttimltMl ttttndl tl»h ithtlli
l>rtm<>«, ttlM^rttril ,s\\ w \\\\\ «l.*hll rttti'i , HII ttjU'tlthn
<W \m\ \\\v \\^\\\\ (tl W> 1ttHni«li( tii> A«rt»ti Hid
|\U*«»*«»»mI ♦(» i^>\( \ltiw tnrtlthm n \v\\ ItJfMv
WHf ^hrtilfil, tM»t| lltf tlUhUlit' l>t'Ut(til hrtilHU
j|«u>M\ii»v. s\\i»v n»*rt(t<i\ \\\\\\ HiO\ >»tivit I'Uiliiv,
|^\>S\\(\M'i^ »t\ hn\»< jNV(*i»>»nl )\>l \\\\\\ O^r '«ll|»(tlli"i
\v>t(\Hv>\, rtt\)\ \\\K\i^\\ h\s\\ In WM«rtlll In Amw
S*, «»' \\\«>*^V^«''^ ti<«\ftl(>\nn i>n\v In^n r«minh l\tl
h|i\U'viln^ t\u<«»' «n<»<»\\tM. m, ii ni\t nvui.n»«|t|»<
\\\n\n^M »<t>l(u.in Ut* nrt \\Hl\i>n« ihr'tn. «»« tliil
m\ n\m»N ^s rt\n<^tM, l.n« )\\\ <M< mn* n», ncin tl\t'
tn\\«. \\\ \\\^ r\\\\^\\\M\\ AV> sImWt H'Mnhi'tl t««
Ssr^i Mm\\^ Mh^\\m\\*, AwA l\ot'» iMHivm \S[ iltf
(l'AH\MV>\ Vl\»>*»' BUr*!*! »v>>l«l«rit\ \\l»l> \\^ till Mtt«
W^vH \\V>«AM't< \\\\\\ \\w\\ \\*H. rtUt^ |ntm»Ul«| to
<vtH>\ >^^N ^vt\tl>v^\'» l^N l\\«' \1»nl« *\n» nnv nnft-tn
^Tl^Vy^^M << U ^\\\t wr «\n»^tMi*i«' \\t^\\t.\\\, n( tnt>n
utt^^tv, «>\<< W «>«N>t^^v»'l \\\(i<y th*t*«^ (M«'n in ihr
1\\v *M "i\\ i^«s»>M>\»\ \\s<\rtUH««t<>, ftl\n»t \\\\\\^
iV'^tH* «\i \\hnw\ rtn> v\«t\vv<» n\\>\ \\n\%\n. \%'
5lk\iiK\\\\ nNW%»M» »vt ^M^** ^»\H(<(r>\ m\\ \\\M\ unl
wv». m'\ 'i\\t *w>s>^1 »>s<^»^«*t» in ^\»rtl« I* t«»««tv
r>siM ^'>^^ oO\n \<\»^\\>v«\»»«» <\M t^^*' n<Mtt»V\mi\«'n
x'A'i'AikvyU \'>tSii^ iaV<^w ^s<v<»m%»Uw n< K;* *«\ nM\.'>
vV\ iH«^ 1*1h vvl V^^MoH. wv \>M A>Ui»>\<V(\ nli<\n»
tv^.|ti»(^«t M»<><* wwp «ow« i<n»>v *H>< n»i ^^^»
**«» ^M\HW >vy«<V»iV MVmv wi*<<». '^n* ^^««*
i*l^\^ <W»< «»M»tV.\\y*< \xtO» \ti^. ^«t\\\ iw t\\r
\yym.T<iV>'>nv ^^x^* 1^^ * Av»t» <\>iMV^4 >m»«« ^^»»*(l
1rt•^^^^w»^^^Y^ rM i^t^ w^wi \>>^Ww» »^\»ft\\i», av^^W«
«!hlrVhl,AMH'<« Vitt/^lllfJ
♦ «i) in llui'H IliiKHi fum HPdJ t^ttllllnt^^l tnn^
mill nnifll t|nilliHhii|f, lilitHJOtt In i<|I|imi|I»
(tM'ilnnn nllii (n)i(iml (iny. miil I'ltmhitt im k:
Hml iMi'UniiH It *i"Hi Nf» (ii llitpHli'ii <^*ti-M
fVhIv HilliU limit »inii- ilMflt*. |i«»IIi'I(ImiI( ^;|
lii'iwhfii H(t< xltiiiiH^ nr Mm «tii(iln tiiiii. „„
Ivw ♦ilnhltntl'i III' I'rtlni) umi nliinh Ihum ii,„|
ii>t>«ivi' ili'i'|) iiml iiiiii'lt iiilllti|ti liii'ti' (fin I
I'ltiut' In rt)i)ni>lti«i|il ilii- iii<«« Mf (tin ((i!(.i
^UMillthi i'in(llniii>i| !>♦( Im«'Ivi<Iii(I(I!«. hidI .. ,.
IhmimI Im trtlfK fiinti lli(« «r»<thtHiii miil (ima ;|
tiiiilmntit, «lili "iiHti'i-i» Httt liilh(i(il"'iMi,
l||i< lltlil, ul)l>n |lll< Vtl'Klllh) tlhl'IIMtM tii'lll, I
llii< hinlni»t|l I'ld'i uiiiH limiii'i null', iim,i
•uMini' ni'ittlii't lltmi niu tthi«^|ih(-lhMM'il..ii
llnin,
|i» l|i»' i'vhnlii|i nf lli^ I 'III, ur \\»'i':i'.\
Urtliol i«!(iiniU Hii iln' i>:»il, \\t> crttiii' in
nl I'li'lltti IM.tni'H t HlI'M IMl""!!!!* hIiIi'Ii, m
inni'it i'hIik wi«hIIii>i, «I(Ii'Ii itlifluHl tw (mi,,.
niMi'inl Htni'«, ttttil lli(i<i |ni vi'iilfil n»i tininf
"I'ln (|>i' nn^•ltlnrt^^f Im Mttcmi llnmU <||| iii.
V jtlinl w>i<t )nni'iut«il llih Hi'jit tlnv. (^in
Hrlitltr'1,1 Kit-ltin m\A tttO(]««iii>il Inwiiiiii
i'iv.<» I hilt. i.n«ltti| hi mlfjim ^vlMilfl (tiMl
Vt'ittK, HO tllii iin( li'Hi'll NTHinititH Mil l!ii'||
i'hf »n<<i^ ilrtv wi' ni'iil tn i'rti»lnMi Hmltl
hnmtlltiMv Ifi'Hvi'tl, nnil liiil^fil . ' tiujfii .,„
I'ttittrtlu hmlllt, i»f llin Wh(»»l»Mtt(l«, ttif Ni.ii|
wlnlrn nti'iiny «littili liitij Hffii t«»(|tiiff(
)ni'|»rttln|t l\n in* I'ltlx l»Klt»n HfitniiliilNlW '
Hit' m »>l Hnitlt'mili't wv imh jMrtM^Mlnn,.
wnlti'tl tltf »t««(»|» ni vrttuni* hfttltftn Wf liml (
♦n iHPtnhniiNi ftit ilti' fnnmiHHtliiM nf ilm i^l
A» li'nnMi Ht< ni'i'fjtittil Mtf |»rt)H«»Hliiii ntH
nmyorttt'iMn lit' nntnl^ I'lmhlw, Tliln um*"'
UM\ ItrttnWntttf inttlH tn« tltf Nkltiii, wTiIiIm
Initt' ^»«l»l ftn In tfrtii nl ll»i« ciiMUHt |ttiii
n\n lnti»nUnn ««« to l«i<»« wlMt iltMn i"
l't\lli'.l HIM»"«
WlUlf tnnMni |nr|trt»ii||ini fn fptflvr ilici
rtH Vntftlirttt ultlp rtvtlvt'il fVinn titp M|»i»(iliili«
\\\\\\ lln> ttrrtim |»inl of l(i>t MtiHvNiil imr
Iti^i^ttl rliU M \vM< (Untiii I'liiitil lii< Itmiiii
li'ti lltnnlhul I'lui, III i<ii<|iiui)ii< l\ii H'ltii it«'
rtUi», n l«mi' nmnttnt of oni lliitopt'ioi i"
ttn«Hl Hn» »»Uh»« llrthtl, llit'^f »'«»«»«» iiinii'
H j\oll\t <o \\\f> \>umM\ of HIMkiiiu nii>
rtM.'nM»i on On" rnlintihlu cnnnt Ulnn
^ii' M'lnnlHMt'il lo «itiil«>tinkv Hil< \i\<
1 1 1, ui'tvuo initny M|«r*llnHHo«iii loltc III! ■
I llmt w* yU^f^AM Uti fMc Htt ItUm'Mli iil «i>
^i»M Mu' »•»««»>> nWil cmint, NiiH •'oini'i|i»
I tlta|«oM<tl 01 thi* oOtt't Itwil lo out Ami'
T'>»> <lt«>i»(Mtn| of fltn iilti|i Itnlntlii • '■'"'
««««••, lU«'»f t<t|lll)|<l| M ttPlTx^llV fi.l "
; w\A \\\\» «<M« f» Inltoiiv \%( itoUldltiH itMtNiiiiii'
i « |Uim> Ukc \\iioi|to« w>ir'n> ilim- m ic 111'
i M»nU'tM>«^ hr (Up |>ui|itMW, mtii wiirii' lU"^
I nit «(ti>Ni|i( liirf tl*!' Klml WM m«vi»i Itpfmi'
I Unt \ti> (^MinH otii rotiiitrjitMNi rnidt ii»'< °
I o««!i ol B>^t«^t tm aH tlio atit Millt«|i |i'"< '
I viiow ^^ mn winiUni targis |mpiii'<i<"'
M4U ^HMMftHlff
tittt rtlm-fH^j f<if Mfipml f»«» t «« (lirtf ffi*'
bgiii Ht(i «t'»'Mifif(ll«h<'»i fh »^f^ l!ffle if^Hfh
fftmi wMMhl ft»*»' •»»»•(( fNiulff'JI hitihn |<t(f
Ww«« tltcf*" l« ttftcij i»«iHfi»«»)*"'fl <il»frt(i>l,
ijH mr MUim cHlfj-M*, n llln-fMlfy, n |t^H»>
pttntmmtt'i' (if Ml*" fn»««i* f(»(t((« Hhi\ m
fnitilly rtlllHftf'M. Of ♦Itli (Ij'^N-lfiMtix ♦»*<!
nn xuint Id HKixlliirMMMM Mfr< n<*\ii'tHf
H\»ff, hf ".« »t(i|(()«ltin Mfi*r\fWK In n
III Mlm»« itf i'iimihhi'f4 (tf'odKHHH tti/'
|jinolrMM<i ^IfVfU.
fiHrncf ifnio-rli'MJ'f ftf 111*' IiIkIi i'HHiiini]nu
|«itf«Hr-t Mf the ll(iii)t inhK-hnfit (o wlfdfii
Ijil'l «iir fftcit')) Iti'liM' tl tm Id |)|ii><(< rt «')•
.M hit rt*;i(im»(»'p iif fill- i^ottd (j»mllf* til'
iMfpti I'lt*"*!* (if t»>(t<i tfi'fiiNi ftniii mImi,
*l »<(t)«lit ♦lit! ♦») !(«♦»' »lnMi». f lilii ♦»»« WN*
H»»«ti lt» lt«H ^iiiytni'ttt »)f Hip curRd dcti
< 'rtllfiirMlH 1 Uui «I»P ((♦<f«|l(H wIlM *KH ♦»!
It AKH It*** tlUtitHCil fliNM mt» hni\ Uft>ti in
lit rldiK'ti' liHtiniir, himctfr lilitli lit**
•if till* liidlvlilitiil In (|ii(«MH«if4 Mil^lil
AMMirilitiitlr, tilt i««iimliiii(l»iM, lif f««iin«l
It iHdIpml iif ri'fii j|(i»mI, ih III* Jif »f»fjf
«|il(«Hl*'. Wlii'M ttiU »ll«if'r»fi*fy wnn
uwM fM till' lltitiK »»i««ri'lt«Ml, ht> (Mil fmf
iti M|ii)lii^| I li)tl III Htiilil ltii> f'tii'iAiir^
ill li« (iiHtlP itf n mttituvi*r»y , cliniiKNl
Htii'j* ftif nt(^ll «« liml liN'M nftpi'ii fm.
Hti> |irH*MllitK frnti«fiHlriiin, I Imd
tl|t(«(l In iMi'tmt-ltin nil ltivi<<ilrf(f»ilnf ullko
If 111' /Siiii'H^nn timrkfl. WIimi H»c*#«
y, I I'tiiiimfti'tl fftr (lii«lf ff»»l«lif, nni\
ttn |in>iKi>ii|ti>i' fur llMHtiin, id (Iia fuliip
lH|ilnlli V,hUi<in.
murrKtt xvf.
ItinlK imHtiiM with Mr, Mlmlnr.— ft«)|ii)rltir(t
itdiiiiiiti. Pmh .liif« Muml.— Idln <if Hmir-
>ArHviil Nt ilm (Iniiii. — llntiMrdiro, Mdim-
If lliit viirM^'-'ArrUnl hI HtmUm. — Mr,
H (lUimtfir* - Ki« Mfn nrrlviil In ('Klirnriiln,
MlilliMii (III i« 11111111. -«N)>rttiiiiiitNiniiMit, —lit*
truMliin «lliiNll(iii l.t>Hl4iiii|iit)|ii«i|. tl)* "r-
h( ili« Nmiilwliih UlxtiiU. I'rnniirM n
thot l.ntivM III** I'nrtiDlii Ilm Kln^'ii pr'*-
(»!itnfin». — UiitiKii'MMriil vo<r)*K«< III •li"
IUm<ih« ftir IliM **7iig«.--TrlbHl« Ui
Rtirr iirii hillliriil (ArtuMl.
[|Nir( I nt Imw Willi niy lotiK-lrM, niiicli-
ii t nir«<<'tloiiiiln inriid, l^hnl^r, wn«
lllt'hit' I tviili iinliiriil cMiotioiii. Wi< lind
RliMwlMilly ill JliiM»f< i|iiiiK(«rN, liilli, Hiid
K, MO leM ihnn in Ihnw pteMureii mkI
.<f. ft«fl«M(MM. f/>
tdmn^Mtnit wliJ/*ll w««rMf«*( »« ^^ftllrt* in mt^i
ihk hinin nfttmAiMp. im nht\mmht'i' u^f^H
«rt i\^ NIf hi Pfnii**i>Hiih0>ft*nt iwid, wime wft
lli'i'il itiifHhft ni iht' Hinttiittt tt'iififitit'^ ihit
mmiMn. W^ If''-" mitnfi^.f'fS In Mi^ i'tUHim*,
Urttl #**w Wfrnr-pfUM^tt/s-fd ihtuifi^tiiin^t*ti. fhii
tiiydift* MMW «(iff(»tM, /f?/w/f >« ffi*" pt^thui NtlHlt
nt>pHmitMh, h«vlfi|{ tfhMlp1h>1 tlVtffi ihflU ifih
ffHfn, Nimphff)\ nn nffMfKitii',, t>f('ff>iiltiif fiitit
ff'll
[((•lt((«^f. till' imuf UiitfHui'h' iiini iin^i ttitfn^
m\\\\\H im xiini't^/ttiUiti, hf Uiiiitmif ft\tni(in ioi.
f'Militt rtllHiKlf't f^rtfi ii\ffftUif(iti uphiUtniitiiflf^
ifUtt>*i lr)rt»>« Ui iiif viiitUi, iiiut luntft'nti'il Ut lin
III* |ir'»frrli"ly 'rf phtiiU'tUit( w/'(( Kii wtr nh^Uf lo
timtnlfi fi»rffWifflM(»«ff H(^ fHiifftnpiHlMi nVintti't^
l« flffrtfr* of Hft'tiiH Ufipttftnriff. HllthU^^ «(Wf.
>ti nut muHirtl ^<tl^r)*•f(*•^ of t^iifh •liiifr'ii ii'Uipi>f
Kii/I rtl«f(»i«M)'(i(, NuAli ]mnfy lli/> titMtimpi\Hn
l(fi(ill»'<l, Mf Mi^- f»frW^f »'« fMwIfrfrtiM tM hHTtmmif
tmi\tN\, In « */»ynt/' /ff tiHWmtf i-imnHPit,
ifMvfPt-n twrt pi'M/ms Mi(i«ll/ lwf^f^*f«/| ?n Hit*
innpftfy, ctfuHiU NmpApiii |/» Mlflwij ^hur/^^ /rf
llir* iinnii*>)»l rtfifl ttii*tfniifiih pmt ttt Itm itumut-^A,
(inil iin n prf^'H fwllMjj hf f-minPif li» ffVftry tlnrrg
rplnOtitf ♦" ♦*"* "»»»tt«p{#ttt«<»rtl rtf (N« «f«lfi, Afl f//>M
(w ihni iii Mil' *'f«r|Mi. fint in na I'Mtrtrini* iti~
vidvlMd "1 """'•• 'MfllMdty «♦»/! /|«rtt|<y, sn ttiiU'h
I't fi^rp!*-* (tnd IrrHflf*-, *»i(h «» ||t,tli> nn^/'»>^* ttt
«>i*w liip «ti>rlti» iifi.; fttimtA^f CtpiifthttHy M
ifrnpff, iiini «<• <il(«i(|<i >*#• nW*! I*r iVcfmpH0tt
It fvlllirtiit n riijittif^, In ««ffrrl<ilwif j l.'rw rrt»»^!»
mhr(» lift, Mi^n, tlinf, #»• n^yxr hnd nn ffij^ry /l|#*
|iiit», nnii iirtrlwl with fp^llnjjn <rf »!?«« '-Hr^T, >fy.
fr>>yi«d hy M)f» f»»fy dlffl"»dlT*'» «fi/l t'^nhmnv*-
Ht^im »»»• lindHiw?nn»»<rfd l/i({»>»l(^r,
IfftflWtf I'lrd/nflifd my fr^*^;lr^ ^m fy/wf^ Mi^
AlM-f,flnd tlifti, «l«||i liHrift »li rAndy mt flt« -IMi /<f
Ifinlimy, IHOt, w>» dr' fip^-d do«n H»*< r/v^ »tl
I'lmijimi* Willi llir. ii^dfi Wnumm, (;»|/f«»in «(»f-
ii^-y, #Uh wliWf? uri *«fitt»i(jffn*Ti» wm «(«d»' t/»
kf*"!! ffi'njmny iintll w^w'•ff /iMir 'd iM tlr»»if«.
II w«« wirtn ttfrt^h^ti, tlmf tlio Al^ft, jffMtly
f»iil»«UH Hif Mifirrvpf, •fid Hint tnir finnnnf>i'. jvnt
ffni»«h fMnfd*d l»y nhnftfnitm null ffrr lif r. W^,
hWWUVW, Hrfl«H lf»«JI>f|(Af Ml, N(rr*h r«1«rt^,
wliwf, Wlill^i ♦■^«»J(^ff in fllling up uur »,it,flf-
i'm1»«, niitn.»rfm« Mdlny* fnttir' lUr^n i.fi tiif- fl^
nintrii nli*rf»», i*i ft^'imnnf ♦>'♦'•' ffniU «r>d n %tm
♦Hflflljr fif ffi/mltfiyd, f<rr old fi«tthi>n. Tin* f>h-
ici'l. for wlil^li w»( twifhxd lit iIim («lnnd bfin^
•ri'mnvMshAd fin the 'i^MLfh*- tnrhw wm «^<iin
w#«lKliwf iind »,»i^ <inll« *|rfp«Ml Ui ihf itrmfM. W«
pHMPii Uin Mmd Ih^ n»<ft, dny, ruffK- in )»|«M
of •lt#> in\*' itf Hf»iirl»on on lli*< 2l«t nf P0}rr>inty,
«nd nrrlvwl In tuld*- M»y. (;)ip*. <^ (hwni ilnp.*]
on tli«« IlMli ttf Mnrch, hiiving w-fin n/rthing rtf
lli»i M«mivi>r »ln«'«' thfl ffVAnfaif o/ l^nvini; V<^»ti
luiiind.
Kii|>nflt4><l viwHii t •» th« (^np^ nt (iftful Hc»^^ had
Uft^n {jriMliirtirf! nt thfl fnwt nnrt-'-nhifi nnwy-j*.
twint with lh«t di-'ight/nl plu/i*, ; nn/l (;h« r«-
iwwnl r>f W!(|uain(iinifl with m«ny triod p^^n,
whOM liiHd(t€»t and h-mprtality I itvfsxpeirmncsd
3 *S
\\\ " St\ gi*»ih '
hWii «nVrrt>tly. ^\\f}\ rtli* nt(»i»M(l; Hit' "mnimittt
t\\\t\ nrt(l'»1Mt')>iVy hd'ltli'til'*, oi'frt^lithiilly \\\v\ ullli
iu tlu^p wliU'st' lt\i<>hu'!»« |i »*n tl\t' t»i'Mm, mill
w1lloi\ tMiiV II >i'>l ♦•» tilivlnh'. nl Irn'-I »i| li-x^rMi
th»' IriillliW rtUii miMUHrtHV IH'MilllrtV »n n»r« |mi
i^nv Mriiil" rtt 'III' I'l^^c, vvtj lii»tli' MiiMii n'l'lt'ii ittt
tllf ilMh, i\liil r.rtlli>il \\s\ Ht)»»t»li. Om jmsxrtgf
wn* mrtvhn^ hv Ui* liih'Vvn|H|rtii Ih llic rtiit^ «i'n
tllfV rtUii i»mi>i>Hl ifrt j»<M'l»l|rtV Iti llir liilff n|'
WvpAW, n)»U\MlvM\ l»r»\vt'r>\ tlin CnjU' i»f tJomi
i^iv\ii» rtH«^ till' IrtUliiilr o( Mrlimiilrt, Vi'» milllnn
y^n- ft\s \\\\\)i rt iliiif. \Uili i\ili mill iirnilt' Imim>vi><<.
\\l1h»S»l1 r\V\\ i^l\r"mi'l\ Ull\(M>\rUil»i{ (nrlilt'Hh\'«
^h»> frrtit' V\l>li-I^ vi<nnlir« Ou' <i^|\irtll« \i\ l(i« irrlVil.
Vr.'tVn^r"* Hit><i'ii\c 'v* U" ii^i'iioiony t rtiiil nmw
\\Mf. Ilkr It l^\rt\ W iniU'i'tl In lli»< i\irtn «lm Is
V»sv« it\ ^\^v^\nw\ \vA\r<\ hi ilio lrt|i <»l crtor*. n«il
\\n« l^cWi ^T>r« rtrni'rtll\lril \\\\\\ f\m\\\ Init HlrV
M<\Ui'< i\\\\\ i»«^i'.1\iiiiv VVi> iwvIm'iI nnfVly n\ Ww
h\\\ x'iW ihi' \\\\\ oV i^Uy, tMiM. N.-:»vl\ rlnlit
\rn\n hrt»\ «>ln\s'*fil n\\\r\> \\[\ \\\'\\\\\U\\\- IVnm
^>Wi^< i\iM< \\\\- ^M'vIimI l\rtil l\(>i>ii ^^vnHlll' hi
r\Y«t* <vr ^^^v\^l>l«ll rlini-nifri-*, m\\ \y\\u\\w\\\\i
«»\'i'l'^V'»^i\>ll»>t» i'ii>(>'tl«>i\». ulili'l\ »>rti\ I'-' |llo|^n■l\
*>MiiiM\inl hy tl\0!»iMmU \\h«^ hrtvt' hrtil *\\\\\\m
m \\\\\sWf' ^^^■ !»<\K^ rtvvlWM^ n< rt MMV B-tytN.I
\^\A\^ir1. «vn»^ ^^V^V M^\^^ rt«\\iMHi^nriMl'sl\ lUtl
Ihrti \iA\'i v^"r «M\V ft\hriu«\v. wlilrli \\i\* \m»lovllip
^^'iwvli^NW »M i>Ny lW>^i\ Sl>rtl»'V. il«'i\r rt-s well, tlio
fli^tT'is^ty <Vm my M^x^nitlh^ rtR-rtiu wrvdil hiui'
Won t^li^^S!^^rl^ l^i>1 rt ><n'««' hi ill«rt«thi-s rt!
ty^iiVi^ <>in>. \vlM«>l\ iv!««|t<'A \)\ iM'rtvly rtt>Mnl Ihn^
wi'ihf |nx>\v\iy ^\u«lo> \\\% A\A\y:f'. \s \\\\* W i\
^Srt>1 \M tlN<^ \if\\A \\W\\'% \^\\i!Vftr n\ \\\\\\mw\\
*>»\Wr\io\\ \vit^\ Il\rt1 rtlivrtdy nrt^i-rtttMl. rti tv>
fi>n>v h\ Vsot, ^yilil M rt \\I^\^W, \ lirtvi' oh««li<r'lv<l
\\ v>\\\\tp\ t\^ jiiw tl\«' o\ttlu\»\% ot U, lh\«V|f<\ U llr
V <r\v x^s* rtAt»v ttS\ «^i^v*^1W>^ M' Vf^\\\\\<n,
Mr. SWn «.A\1,M 1^^^m 0\<>^^it'. h\\\\\\\\ iw f|\o
rArtM V»fV"'M^A>Wirt,\\\\<'\v V rtn-\vv«^ \vi<h<M\!rto-
T^'t^'iM. 1W ^VAi^ )vt^w <>\^ ihAt «N\rtM \\\\t rt lV\v
\\rA»i, rtrtA )\Ai\ »\'i<\SN*o>^ <M Utii rt smrtll rtmoinit
\M o^'.-t^V NxW«. wniMl\iwrtlx^U-, tI\o nl^ip MllU'V
rtrt rt sliArtK rty><^ Wrti sh htM^viU . IWxmv iivMiiift
o#. rts iy» ort\>*«» >IW h^ <r'rtK rtlrt^W^AjHvN Uirt
viiiirti'ftNrt wrt* i^A>iv »NV«i« <M" «ivrt« «Mw\>«n'rt*!Hii»»Mt.
IV >»rt\y ^^>v^^'( >v?\ot \rt rt«\ iM <hi'W«^^jk-<\lwHHWn
)'^^^^. rtiVi ftw")! wrMn^it^l \ , ^^x^\^M V(rt>v ^o«>>(
!fW^T<N't<rt)i iVit' \X^«i«y>5 rtWT^ '■'^'l"*^ '^^ M'i'MWV i th
>»rt\>rt rtltrtnf <t'«i ^^ Wrtch <V SrtW^lwioh Ulrtivlm
NV>t'«>y' iVa »>M^M ^^r.<l\ k>Vl^ 0\t' l>^\^^ cl<hrt< ii\
vWiVt)! \vrtV<^-, V>M\'!<^ ^rtvv \\H>\\ \\\f^\\\ W\\\\M.
<k*rtt. ^'>rt'1¥ Jjyy-mt^l. <W)>. iA \yi- ««><M^*'V rtl-
ry'^'rtrttixY ihrtn ^^ j>> ii^ hr\t' ht tho ,Iom m1 uUttiln
'>\ lV 1ft^i^>»rt^i^xV»(i Vrtrtri U\V> «»rt^'|r<V Mi\\ hortw
y'h*' sVip Mit. v*x Ux ^•■'^ ort »^.>>v Tht'A !kv)»'.
0(yvJ<N< ^n <tt"i"i\in(l « <>«^ \M \\\c Jlivn\%. rtinoit^
Hw^Hflv xx^K^X vN^V"^ »x>ftlvvlx rtnx »^llx<"^ **l-
♦miliittM Odiii In ihlliiiijc, nitii lt«i •>tiit>^| (^
♦lir I'lTbch (if Mi'rt niitl nlittl. tlic Milf ,\\,t .
rlili "inlllclfiilly III I'Hitlilc flirdi lit f'Kiiir I,
It'iilci Im liijlnjr lit'i <ii( •(liitifi ithil III mHm,,,
Itt liiMtvp lifi liri'l tmt. •tlic llliril tinti bmmIi i
lilil«ti'ly. Ilti' Urtlt-t- «rti sti nliiitti tiK (ihl t-i,
lii'i ilncit, mill «li(' '.vrtu iifirulK )iiinitiivl ill,
«m tinn ♦'vlili'lM. Oirtt tlti-y rtinhl tin) Kml.,.
i*'|»itl(i «■« Hitiili) rtlliin fli»>m ♦«» itiofi" Mir
viiyiiRP : mill III «lii)i llif InnU jmH'ii nii.
rtttilili' flii'iii In tciii'li (lie HiinilttU'li Ivl^
RPf'KM'il lo III' (lif ttiilv wny III rttulil (III' 1
III')'* (>r Hie j»fM|trHy. I'lir' »r|tnli<< \\\^•\
iil'li' tn mnld' «•'»(> ilmic In <iti ltii|u'tft>i i n .
iltM , rti wiiulil Itrtvf llirtilr' U tii»|ii^tHliililr i.
♦ r'tUhl miy I'llit'i imMtiot' (limi ottn wlufo
M\n\\\ \yrvm\W on ftiUiM «iilll)r'l mill rt |m|i.
nil llii' Miiy. Ill(t' Hw tiiip ruiUriMplnlril w
»lit"»»< ml\n(ilnfti'«, honrvrr, H wn<i Jttil 'iiik
liHTssmil lul^nin- ni Hit' |iiiliilt< HirtHlicv"'
nltlr (ti vt'iiclt (III- SmtiK^I.'li Ulmiti*.
All iiiiiMii|ii \<\ wyMy Mif ■»lil|i, with llip ,
liimli'iinrttf iiii-min mIiIiIi «t»i»' ntillliiltl.' '
wrtH il(m'i>«»ii^lnf». Oimi \\\p ninnl iwitttli mc
U \\{S\M \v(\\\\\T. No ftnrluM vm^ipI uii«|
niiiiMt', lo \v\\\\\\ to llip i'oi»<(t «'IH( lltf III"
l'i> hi'lijtit n slilii «l(li U lo Cliliirt ttniiM '
Ihto rrtRy i liilt Uii'ii It uoiilil li|« tintisin'iii:,
\\\\o\v llio lot* o»\ rt »!' Krtli* \toiiiillth vi'ty lii'
\\\ ihlii illliMomn It «!!'» ilrclili'il, M M rli'Mi
illllli'iililt'i. to l<ml(ii uhli tmiinnluiiitnii
l,i>llrt Uyvil Am rt lllllt' vnMrl of tlilHr im (■
loo«. \vlili'l\ lirttl lu'r'ii liiillt OH lilt' Hlndil I
Mrt* n nt'ijoi'lrttloii oV nirntfi Hinftulliiilfllii"
U\\\fl lirtil I'vrv tirt\m' prt>llt'l|mti'il |»», ami
liiH>oitnm'i' ot «liK'l» «rt« sptii^iltly IVit In i
1\» |ilni'r n «'rtVB;o of mii'h vrtlm*, Hiitl fm\\"
\)\' n\\v\\ rt vttllcty of mtl»'l('H| iiti ti'«nillii|j t'
•rtvrtRt'k ii» il>"li'll» rt««l of Biu'h liii'KtliHrtltli' (I
III ll\f rtjarun-niitp, In tlit» imwci of tlihlipilcn
ivlyinu: «'Htln»l) on lih nononv ftn- lis i."ii
Wm, \^1\\\^ tu' jnstllli'rl onit jiy tlin incssino
v«'*»lty \\\\W\\ rxistnl. Thi' t'Oiilldcnci' p'l
In \\\\% rl\li'f, tlnntnh tTliirlrtiilly, wm yw
Ivy till' I'M-nt to l\rtM' Iti'i'n Ui'll ini'ilti'il
I'iiiTio \\n« \\v\\ »rn'lv»'il Intn \\\n stint', mnlv
tln> s('l\<votn'>- wrts n'rttly, It wns nil rrtltliltiliM
l\onon»i5My <lellvtMT»> to tin' iitMrton m»|toinii '
1V0«»l\t' It.
Vw tiM' srhnonft \\M (<lv«»n tltr n«iiii' "i
«jn«^t'n, Trtinnnrt I «n»< Mv. Jolin T. Iliiilim'
yonnft \^\rtn who <\rttn»pi»n hitnrln'il to llii'^
ihnv li'rt\lnn VrtlprtinWn, wm liitvnitpil >\iii'
I'hftv^r ot till' vojrt^ir. tl\i' (lllllcnltlf'^ i>t >
rtu <'i\to«|ni!«i' In rt »nlt«hl« vt'isi'l IniM' nh '
Ki'n nrtviKtiMh lln'^o wmv >jn'llly iiit'ii'iiinl
tho MUrtll nii'V of U\i' Tninrtiirt rtml ilii' rini-inr
*,V(>l>l»'«oss of IIm' nrw. IVisevt'inncc mul
vInMvy, Uoxxvxov, on tlu' |>ml of Mi. IIiiiImhhj
!><>rtv n<vt l» hrtvr liwn x^rtntinm Init jmihIi'
iinUrttW \\\n «'nt»'iinn n|Hnt of stirn^tli i itn.h'
srtlps 1x» W n>rt<lo rtinonf( <|»> ioiss|on« m\-
KrtHvi with tin* ImUrtns wviv nf snirtll ni'ii"-
Not- lUii hi' w<fi'» with HMv snoooM in mllii •
:<**
Ulf
Ir, iiIHI Ifl Hlilt-^l I.
tittl. i'lli^ llilf .li.i,
I' ll(r|»( lit t'lHnr I.
Itoif) mill Itt iti"' M,
hi' lllifil mtil < ml
xtl "(Itolll M«l !!"• I"
Itfltltllt )1l|11l|li'il il"
ll)<|t I'ltllltl tint tliiil'
MtlMK Us |t(f)'»|iiil
lin ti<nl(fi <tlilH''lriin,
titf Himtlrtl^'li I, I
\t«y ♦» ntulil (lie I
'I'lin tr|inl»'* Mi'M
Itl ms \\\\\svi{i<i I II
M It tlll|tl^H<lllll|p I
!• lltnn t»tit« wliMi'
Wl'lltlwl lUltl II lull
IP rimtriMplnlnl w
nnr, II triti tit»l 'iH'
' imntp Mint Hkm -
ili'lt I<<IimhI«.
Hir xhl|1, ttltil llir ,.
{•\\ «nn' nviillnlili' 1
Mm Html it'iitttli 'I'
in niHsl, wlHt till- '
U Ik I'lilMH wiiiiM '
Wmilll W lll»1t!«|»l'Hi«|
inlt» wmiltlln* V(>»\ ii"
1 ilri'lili'tl, M It t'li>ii
wlih tinunnhiiinnii
vnnni'l itf ♦lilH'F I'l I'
|ilU lilt llir Wlitiiil I
nli'i imittHlliKli'iln"'
»rtVlti'l|»rtinl III, Mill'
Its spli'^ilily IVit lu I
\\ vtthu't nml i-onii''
li>li'»l (III h'ttniliiiK 1'
ullrh IlinnHinnlilr u
jmwi'i of llils lltul"n
fiommv ft»i- II « ii«t
miIt liy tlip |iii'«'<iMr
liii' nmllili'tiiM' pW
I'liii'lHiilly, \\i\^ I'll-
II Mrll iiiciiti'il '
hilii \\\n sliiii', mill"'
II wm nil rnlllilnll' '
Oil' |HMvil» ti|HHMii(i'l
Hlv«»« Ihp nnnii' ni ^
V. Jollll T. Illlilio"
>\\ ftltni'liril <ii III'"*
WM illlV1l'«lril "'t''
'lli« ilillliillllrx "I "
llU Vl"»«l'l llllM' ll'' '
IV ^it'llly liii'ii'ii''iil
mm rtiiihlii- i'iMi<i'i|ii'
ISirni'Voiiuu'i' iimli'
imi ol' Ml. I|iiiIm>ii«
imiliiiK ; Init linul'''"
1 1 of »tirii(ttli ; mill'''
ll»> mlnsloiio «Hi|i
vnv «r mimll yww'
iv s\u"iv<m ii( I'olliMiii
m
m
Mi
AWi) riflM\ff»tlfM
litir tiil«<il»ifint-|f<( nrif \m\ of Hi'' "•Utid >\m
ftiii'itt fiif ^•"••l". nIHi nhlfli ^tr. ''li»i!''r
fcHllleil IIk-iii, HkimkIi IIic Iim)i(» itf r»'Hivcr-
iMc liiitl '•••'■•' rt «'<Mi«il«l<iiililf itiiliic'i'U'fil
Hitlitii? Hill tf"«t''l Afl'-r vlilllMK t'l'inf (if
(limltttm III CiiliruriilM, nii'l MnfiKnlifiif lit
IMiMI 'iiir ctlffmll? I'l Hi'- olli'f, 'tiiriiiR «
nf iiclWPMi ll»f' mill sir MKKillif, rrltlioiil
Htt niiv cnli'i of lm|iMtlnn»'C, l'i'< |lflli^fl('«'J
llUtlliiil of III* crewi liclnit ♦■"'•'••'''f''''. "'"'
jtl'loiii niiitilotf iltorl, lif rftiirM»-»l hi
«UlfSnill|«lch |illttHl«. Il'icllf<|in|)ll«!r«(l
rHtlinii(i. Iii'-k imnNHf^c lo f liliiil, ftnd I licti'f
tJitllcil SItilci. ulHi liiit n fiitiMll NKtii Icff
Mniifi>',nfl''t iiiiylMtrfillHiiMllilmrifiMciiN.
lilcr liMil |iri«»'Ml"il liltM, oMi- vctir, lo Hi"
|iliilt'«, iiinl i^nll'ilHici" l|l« iirilvHl. TIk-
. ftui of Me, IIikImoii. til I'mivIiI"Iic«', •o'lii
Id nitlvni. |ticTi'Mii'i| for rvf-r Hi«' (l^«ir»■ll
; Till- l.llld Ms ft "'•■' H'pfllK'd ll/ Hl^
1(1 iiiii'li' Iw or Hiri'c voyiiKPs Hi riiiiin,
jdrtl 00(1. Al liMiitHi, woiM fiiil, nml
Ihi fnf rtllMU'ii fffivliig xliiji foro(iliif(i,
, fiMiht'M ti|i or NMiik nl Wiifiipod.
(tlllliK oiiRlif lo he mill!. If (lol lo |ii*llfy,
[to i-rlPiiimH'. Ill" iiti<lt'flHl<lii«t "'"' ff"-
Nil I'lilcrpriMp, for I In- wiiccc'^'i of wlil'-li
^jUitl MirnliiKciii nr" rt<»|iilnl»(<. II in un
„ji III! I'ivillnt'il |ii'ii|(l(' oil llir fflfp of
^i-ri- I'VPr «iiIimtIi"I lo Wt »li'nrH<linj< ft
JllNiititR;!' ns Hk' 'ri'olt'i, oriinfivp liiiin-
)t Simiiisli AlHi'ricn. II It »'i|ii«lly iio-
litAl I lift wrrc kciihIIiIi' of II » mi'l wcrp
lttflioi»'«lrrtiiH«'r'«tiliiiBii|»|iH«>illhfiiiwllli
nf linlf IIh' nrdliiHry iiHci"!! ilptriniKlfd
own iiifnliiiiiU. wlioRyiii|mlliU»'<l willi
M iiimli' known lollinn ilirM'oiir'<i<Tvlilc|i
ilrynii'ii Inul HihMi, In iirpclitly finiilnr
iin'i'<, Id Bi'lili'vi' llii-ir ln<li'|ii'iiil(>nc»v
iN'feil iiiif liili'rL'onr'st' Willi IliN |ico|ili»,
|imiilf'ly froiii I lie Rovpriiiopivl. II wnn
n iMinforiiiily wllli Hip roIiIph riiln of
fii iiHiPiB m, ill likpi'irpiiniNlmippd, wp
itp M\m% ilii iiiilo III!." IIpiipp w** IonI,
Kiiiiily of I'linlliinliiit Hip hiIvopiiIps of
tiiiiii'iil. mill tMinvlnpliiR Hip wnvpfinn
felf pvIiIpiiI |iii)|io»)Hnii, Hint govpi-iiiiipnls
itllnliil for Hip Iiii|i|iIii('sh of Hip |ip(i{iIp,
mIiihIvpIj for Hinl of llin nilptu t Hmf.
(if rt^rlii IipIiiiikn lo nnd einnnnipii from
I', «liimp HprvmiU Hip riil(>r* nrp. iUm
, mIipii, liy forpp, RiiHlaKPiiii or imy
.jtiiicr, tills icliilioii IipIwhiiii |ipo|iIp mill
mil liP(ionip ri'vpi'^ptl, If wur ii |inl|inlilp
llin on Hip purl of Hip Inllpr; wlildi 11
r nnd lipcoininit lo iprWI niiilpr nity
iiirpn, lint niiMP PH|ipplnlly wlipn Hip
jiowrr wnsiiHPil lo oifiiirnR nnd pii«Iiivp.
p Ipimiiin lo HiIr jipoiiIp, liowiivcr, on
iioiiA of KovPi'iiorn mill Kovnnmd, or lo
in Hie iiiomm of (Miniiirlpnlion from Hip
Iklloii, lo II HpiiRP of wliirh Hipy worn Iip-
j to \iJikp lip, \\i\H not tliP ohjprt of oiir
Pi nor (lid wp nnli('i|inlp Hip dllJiriilHi'^ wp
p<(i(fl"Mppd Wp (ind n^pprlfllffd flint, f'lr <tf-
vrtil ycnfi pri^thvii lo H(/> p'-nf-of Amiffi", tfi^
Spdrilsli poI'imIph (ifid liz-pooi" eo d'Kli'(d'> of H(P
mtooifiipliirp* of ^;l(f•op^, tliftt Hip rigoor (rf tti^
RO'crmtiPftt Iff fttMNd HipI'- Nifty wM fftfjr
foopli »f1illtr«♦^/|. Aod If *N* tll^ ^tp'^'frtHofi of
n roiilioMfOjofi of Hdi p'lli'-v, ntid wlti'li Hi^
fiffC'c of AoiImii put ftff Pod lo, Hint mnflp Hi'?
j;ro>ipp( t rtflllcriotr, fifid iodocfd 111 lo orrdpr(fl(cf«
Hip VOyJlBP. WtiPfl Ofo ^ POflmfkM Ifl It, ffl^f^
rPinnlfiMl to 01 Hip f*1iOl>'P ot(ly lo fhtni nfl*1
•loliiiilt to It''*''! loix, or lo ('oriiic ihf hrt/rtfdoii«
poio-np ofifffilpd, fiiol lnl?p our rfinuhf fhr tfir» tf'-
lolt. riiflt rp«iiill will lip pprr(lv/>d, tty th^ \itN'n1-
lott imrfrttlvp, t/i liffvP lippo In no d^^fr^p '•offirn^tt-
qioiilPwIHi Hifi linrnrd, toll, nui1 ttnViMy We tn-
POiKilrTPfl.
A* rt tp^lioioiiy of iind'-vinHfin ndflity. It \n
onlv n jiiil IrilmtpiO Hip roPioory of i^fltTf^f, thA
lilncif ififlM, to uny, Hint, throoi^doiit Hifi loOS
Mild ((oiililp^oror' voynptP, Iip jipfforifird Hl^ f»nrt.
of n ffiHIifid ililp <ilf wnrd ; Hint tliPr«» rtiiH rrofift
no Piillrcly to lip dpfiPfidpd on in ^iipT« nHbtnlyt-
ffctfi'f (II Utni ttt ^nn f'l^go, nndftrnt hU '.ctvU-cn
t»prp duly fifijirppliit'd, Ifin Imtiilq wre oxtiCn-
'^Ifp, mid, fiolwiHi<i»midinj( Hip ypnti Iip lind nr'i'n
on pofi<ilmil piiy nnd IokIi wngp^ witli tnc, I
nptpf poidd p^r1nndp liloi to Iny hy nny thlrttt.
I|p nppompnnipd oip from ( fdnn lo Morton Ttt
Hip Alprl, r'-irinioPd wlUmiP «i n dornpotip nl;^mt
n ypiir nftpr, nnd Hif o dlpd ni RoKtoiry, nuii Id
Imrlpd in thu Hoxlniry rpmPtrry.
ciiwrm xvii.
ttpiii'Kin fur (IK"'" p'tiliifMox - f'rfijfrl^d vffynjrn (n
I'prii. — Jnnl'iimy tit ihtt (l\in]<i>t*. — Hfrjiflrinrn ttom
Npw Vdfh.— Ftpyprn gnlp. --f,o»n <«f furnnnni ntiA
lMif»<i|ir|(. fi'iirliitinip f!^cfi|ip nf A ^pnifrnif. — f 'rip-
p|p(l tiliiO' nf tlio yp*»p|. ■ -Afriirnl nl Kio .fiinfffro.
- Al|(i«i>i| Ol rppiilr 'lniriii«''.- - V' •<«! t'limfA m H
Jirlu, - llpsdiinlliin cliniiuiKl. -Snlfl of Hm fnfgo.
— Mii'lo of (ll«(;lifirglfiK If. — A PnrKn lit hn"f fifrt-
fiir»'(l.---'('lip riinin (liiiirtlrlicn itiOi If, o» ffnvnnn.
— AiiKthwr «lii(i |iiircfiiin«i(1. Vf.yngo Oi Kf, f;«-
tlMifliin'».--fnilolpiicp (pf (tin Inlmhiifiritfl, Arro-
ItnfiPP (if (lip l<i)<hpr ''lft^<ipfi. — hffmrtnf^ fat ihn
lliiviKiit— Ovnrimiiln'l by H HrifMh frij(fllfl ntiA
«loo|i (if nrnr. AllowPil In |)rO(:«p'1. Kiifpiint«f
Willi llio lliiHlUliflinl. -Himrilpil frion ttiA f{flrii»l<i
li" . Iimdlnncii pf 'li<i lidHfdiiifi pfTif'^r, -(»f»p<»-
kHw piiikIiiiiI of liln fifinlii, — IO>limiv«t Unpen. —
Wlihi liilinii pnn^pMliM ■ ! by Hm ('nhnttit MgtVt.
f'i'llt |m I nrliild,
Mill rrlo, ill mv cnlrrfrrlSPH, « »|ririt rrf AdrAn«
♦ nrp loillpd Willi Hint »if n«pil*iHon Imd t>pfintfi<»!
motivp of mlion ; loit lipnppfortti thf. hittpr wm
lo net nloiiP.
TliP voyni<p in Hip I,' lin Hyfd, iindrr tli'> fj-
rlnnivp dirpplion of Mr. Rlmlpr, provrff ti yp.rf
iinforlnniitn onP. Owing to dome Inffrrmality in
Hin prolpxt, wp fnijpd io rfcuvr any Hiing from
Hifi nridprwfitPrs. TIip nltpropt rnmd'- ondrr the
dirpplion of Mr. niid<ion to r»>trWp <,fir nffttirt
CLEVHI.AND H VOYAGES
78
by a retnm to the coast of California with tliat
part of the cargo which remained unsold, in a
little vessel which had been built at the island,
and had been taken in exchange for the Lelia
Byrd, was unsuccessful. The large amount cre-
dited to the missionaries of California, on their
simple notes, was a total loss. Only four of the
twenty priests of the various missions scattered
along the coast, to whom we had given credit,
were sufficiently honest to redeem their notes.
The amount which we had placed in charge of our
ftiend Rouissillon, to be accounted for by him
on his arrival in the United States, was also lost
by the unfortunate death of that gentleman at
Mexico. These combined losses had made
such an inroad on our fortunes as to make re-
newed exertions necessary to retrieve them.
Nor were the domestic obligations which I had
recently contracted less influential in stimulating
ijM to great efforts and great self-denial, for the at-
tainment of an object which had become incal-
culably more desirable and important to me in
consequence.
The common and every-day voyages to Eu-
rope, India, and China, which presented the
prospect of only moderate profit, but with en-
tire safety, were less in harmony with my incli-
nations and hi^its than those of a more enter-
prising character, which promised greater ad-
vantage though with increased risk. The war
■ueceeding the short peace of Amiens had again
closed the ports of the Spanish colonier .o any
commerce in their own ships ; and ttiey must
therefore again rely exclusively on foreign flags
for the requisite supply of European manufac-
tures. A voyage to the coasts of Chili and Peru
then presenting greater prospects of profit, in
proportion to the risk, than any other, Mr. Sha-
ler and myself again united our fortunes in such
an adventure under my direction. In June,
1806, we purchased at New York the Aspasia, a
Baltimore clipper-built schooner of one hundred
and seventy tons, which had been recently cop-
pered to the walcs. This vessel was fitted with
every thing requisite for the voyage, not omitting
8 suitable armament. This last circumstance
excited the suspicion of some of the worthy
fraternity of Friends, that our destination was
to Africa for slaves ; but they were quieted on
my assurance that I had no such intention, and,
moreover, that they did not hold this cruel
traffic in greater horror and detestation than I
did.
As the late master of the Aspasia could have
no motive to deceive me, I relied on his assur-
ance, that the spars were perfectly sound and in
good condition ; nor did our sad experience to
the contrary induce the belief of any want of
good faith on his part. A cargo, such as ex-
perience had taught us was best suited to the
wants of the people for whom it was destined,
was purchased at New York, and, with the ves-
sel, was owned equally by Mr. Slialer and myself,
abi^arbing about the wljole amount of tbft for-
tunes of each, a portion only of which na< >
vered by insurance, at a very high premir
Our ship's company was one third more than
usual complement for this vessel, making i
gether sixteen persons.
Being all ready for sea on the morning of
10th of August, 1806, and having a fine Ijre.
from the westward, the pilot, true to his
gagement, came on board and conducted usi
side of Sandy Hook. He then left ti>
board a vessel bound in. The wind was , |
light and the ocean so smooth, presentingt:
" the unrufiled surface of a summer's sea," i j
it was late in the afternoon before we lust&i ,
of the islands of Neversink.
A succession of light winds and calm «
ther, not unusual at this season of the year, i ,
dered the first part of our passage very teiliu
and it was not until the 10th of September,; 1
we took the trade winds, being then in laiiigg^
200 north, and longitude 27o west of Grecnw gSS
But it seemed as if the long calm had been :
a prelude to a gale in a parallel where it
entirely unexpected. During the day our
were double-reefed, the wind so far to the i
ward as to bring the sea very much on the h J
causing much water to he shipped. Presiu |
on the swift sailing of the vessel, we had st< j
a course further to the westward in this lali^
than would have been considered prudeii
vessels of the ordinary rate of sailing ; heo:^
was particularly desirable that qo spar shorn
carried away, and that no other accident sl>i
happen, which might cause the risk cf f^
to leeward of Cape St. Roque.
At sunset, as there was no diminution oij
gale, and the sea had increased, our sail <
reduced, by taking off the bonnets from
foresail and jib, and taking TT third reef in)
mainsail. Under this reduced sail we '
making ten knots an hour. At this ratt{
continued going until the middle watcM
half expired, wheu, immediately after the ii
was relieved, a tremendous crash was heani)
at the same moment the foremast was scei
be falling over to leeward. Its weight, tq
with the topmost-yards, sails, and rigging
tached to it, was too heavy to be support '
the bowsprit, and that broke off near the s
The vessel, no longer mindful of her helm,<
up into the wind. The scene now, for tl
moments, was one of dismay. The A&xhf\
the night, the roaring sea, the howling wiiKi
quick and sharp rolling of the vessel, iinclid
by any sail, the hard thumping against theit
of the spars which had fallen alongsiiirl
which threatened mischief, and the difficiT
coming at the rigging which held the s|>
order to cut it away, all combined to maki^
situation one of great perplexity. At eai'
of the vessel to windward, the stay, wliickf!
the head of the mainmast was attaciied t<)^^
of the foremast, raising it out of >^"
ter, and causing a strain which tlircatcit(4
m only of which wa« ,
t a very high premif
IS one third more tliair
this vessel, making i
ea on the morning of;
and having a iiru; he
he pilot, true to his i
ird and conducted usii
;. He then left «*,
in. The wind wns v
J smooth, presenting tr
! of a summer's sea," i ,
noon before we losti
rsink.
bt winds and calm « '
is season of the year, i
our passage very teilit
le 10th of September,;'
ids, being then in laii'.
ide 27" west of Greenw \
s long calm had been i
I a parallel where it
Daring the day our
le wind so far to the > J
ea very much on the b ,
9 he shipped. Presu; |
the vessel, we had st< ]
e westward in this latr.^
^D considered prudeii
y rate of sailing ; het:^
able that no spar shouit^
t no other accident
cause the risk cf falg
Roque.
) was no diminution oi]
d increased, our
oif the bonnets from)
taking's' third reef iii
lis reduced sail we
n hour. At this raU|
il the middle watckj
mmediately after thei
ndous crash was heani)
the foremast was i«S
ward. Its weight, topll
rds, sails, and rigginii'"
heavy to be support
at broke off near the !
r mindful of her heltn,i
The scene now, fori!
f dismay. The darliwl
a; sea, the howling wii"^
ing of the vessel, uncM
thumping against tlie'i
had fallen along
ischief, and the difficul
ng which held the spi^
, all combined to maW
it perplexity. At eaA
dward, the stay, wliic'l
[imast was attaclied M '
•aising it out of ^1'^
(train which tliicatcm
AND COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES.
79
* the mainmast, made it requisite to cut
at stay as soon as possible. This could
1 only at t mainmast head ; but to get
jras a very difBcult task, owing to the
I being gr«»»*'y slackened by one roll, and
i up with a sudden jerk on the opposite.
'first attempt, the man had ascended
lalf-way, when he was thrown off by one
s sudden jerks, but fortunately was saved
^truction by falhng into the mainsail,
lliaving been lowered part way down,
^cradle for his recei)tion, and prevented
' Ing any harm. A second attempt was
.cesafut ; the man gained the mast-head
, away the stay ; but, by this time, the
t had become so badlv sprung, that I
Bhensive it woula fall before he could
as this was accomplished, the atten.
♦very one was given to cutting away
llie rigging as kept the wreck of spars
This being done, and the precaution
f'ftttaching a strong line to the spars,
drift of the vessel soon brou^t
in dward, and they served to keep the
td to the sea. Daylight unveiled to
misfortune; but, on examining the
le foremast, an old defect was disco-
ih had been hidden from our sight
Iges of the mast, and which was the
kwr misfortune.
Inoon the following day, the gale had
lerably abated, and with great industry
knly saved the sails and ri^rging, but
Mury-mast, and got a sail irpon it before
was now, however, a matter of much
[ to determine on the most eligible course
The sail we were able to spread was
reduced as to make our progress on a
slow ; this difficulty might at any
increased by the fall of the main-
Ifch was so very badly sprung, that,
est efforts at fishing it, and also of re-
of the weight of the topmast and yards,
constant apprehension of losing it.
'predicament, it would be impossible to
Pit lee shore. To proceed to any one of
'India Islands, would have been a task
ccomplishment, as it would have been
fore the wind all the way; but this
ttuld have been ruinous to our voyage,
^'wind as it then was, two points free,
make five knots an hour; hence I
it practicable to weather Cape St.
id, this once accomplished, the pros-
I be fair of reaching Ilio Janeiro, where
rs required could be easily and expe-
made, end the original plan of the
prosecuted. I therefore determined
ng the attempt, and shaped our course
Ijpnrpose.
J to the prevalence of light winds and
rhich succeeded the gale that had been
ous to us, we did not cross the equator
until the 6th of October, twenly-ftve days firom
that of the disaster ; and in eighteen days after-
wards, the 24th of October, we arrived at Rio
Janeiro ; having been forty-three days navigat-
ing in 80 crippled a state, that a gale of ordinary
violence or duration wouldgreatly have increased
our embarrassments, if it did not prevent our
gaining the desired port<
The policy of the Portuguese government,
like that of SpMu, prohibited strangers from en-
tering a port of their colonies, excepting only on
the evidence of such palpable necessity as would
make the refusal an act of gross inhumanity.
There could exist no doubt in the minds vf the
official visitors that ours was a case in pointy and
one demanding the utmost extent of their indul-
gence. Nearly two hours were expended in th«
requisite examinations and investigations of the
damages incurred, in order to estimate the time
required to repair them, so as to graduate the
number of days which should be (lermitted ua
to remain in port. The prods verba, or report,
being accomplished and submitted to the proper
authorities, they were pleased to grant us forty-
five days.
An attempt was now made by the govern-
ment linguist to compel the employment of me-
chanics of his appointment ; but the very ear-
nestness with which he pressed this, and liia
assurance that I should be permitted to employ
no others, awakened my suspicion of sinister
and base motives on his part, and induced a re-
ference to higher authority, from which I
learned that no such regulation existed, and
that I was at liberty to employ any Uiat I
chose.
It was impossible to procure such masts here
as were suitable for a schooner of the size of
our vessel, and I therefore decided to rig her as
a brig ; for which purpose both onr old masts
would answer. Giving, then, to the carpenter
the requisite directions for the length of the
masts, spars, &c., and to the sail-maker for the
sails to be made from those of the schooner, and
employing the crew in preparing the rigging,
there existed no doubt of accomplishing our ob-
ject, and of being ready to leave the port even
before the expiration of the time to which we
were limited.
Whilst the Aspasia was nndergoing the varioos
repairs and changes, I had received information
which made it very desirable to alter the voyage.
The great length of time during wliich an en-
tire suspension of business had been caused at
the River of Plate, by the hostile fleet and army
of England, had prevented the transmission to
the Havana of those supplies of jerked beef
which long habit had made indispensable. It
was obvious, therefore, that no occasion had
ever been presented which held out snch flatter-
ing inducements for the undertalung of such a
voyage. The profits were a certainty, that might
be nearly estimated at the outset. I'he risk
from capture at sea appeared to be trifling, and
80
CLEVELAND S VOYAGES
'1
the time necessary for its accomplishment would
not be more than half that required for prose-
cuting the original plan. ' But the obstacles to
be overcome were very great, and at first sight,
seemed to render the attempt irrational and
hopeless. The utter impossibility of obtaining
]iermis8ion from government to sell our cargo,
the difficulty and great risk of attempting to do
it without such permission, the small amount in
value which our vessel would carry in jerked
beef, and the improbability of being able to pro-
cure a suitable ship to take the remainder, all
seemed to render the execution of the plan,
however desirable, one of insurmountable dif-
ficulty. In the prosecution of an object, how-
ever, where there was a certainty of reward in
proportion to obstacles to be overcome, the sti-
mulus was powerful to look on every side for
their removal ; and, in so doing, I was aided by
one of the most respectable and influential mer-
chants of the city.
In the old and decayed colonial governments
of Portugal and Spain, where those who admi-
nistered them siemed to consider themselves
placed rather to make their own fortunes than
to benefit the state or the people, and where the
conduct of the subalterns in office was influenced
by the example of their superiors, an intelligent
merchant generally possessed the power, if not
of siispending the rigour of the commercial
laws, at least of producing a blindness to their
infracticn which rendered them nugatory. To
such a merchant it was my good fortune to be
introduced ; one, before all others of the city,
who possessed the requisite energy, enterprise,
influence, and ability for the prosecution of the
plsn in contemplation. He perceived that a ne-
gociation was practicable, which would be mu-
tually advantageous. The great profit he would
make on my cargo, taken at ten per cent, ad-
vance on the invoice, at which I offered it, would
enable him to defray all the expenses of getting
it on shdre, and those attendant On the delivery
of the Aspasia's cargo of beef at sea; both of
which operations were to be a* his risk, and
would leave him a handsome sum as compensa-
tion. An additional inducement, also, was that
of receiving, in part of payment, a fine coppered
ship of three hundred and sixty tons burden,
then in port, and ready to be expedited without
delay. This ship was to be provided with a
Portuguese master and crew, to be navigated
under the Portuguese flag, and was to proceed
to the island of St. Catharine, where a cargo of
beef would be delivered on board as soon as
it could be transported there from the Rio
Grande.
According to agreement, the necessary mea-
sures were taken for unlading the Aspasia, and
80 judiciously, that in two nights the whole car-
go was landed without accident, or any attempt
at molestation from the sentries or the officers
of the customs. It was not possible, however,
to conceal or to prevent observation 6n the sud-
den and miraculous manner in which our vcsse
had become elevated on the water, and wiijcii
was marked along her whole length by the grass
and foulness common to wood which has hjes
for so long a time submerged in sea-wpcer,
This evidence of our nightly labour was scraped
off, and a coat of tar and blacking put on im.
mediately ; of which no other notice was talcei
than an occasional joke from the native boat.
men on the suddenness with which our vessel
had risen on the water without any apparent
cause.
Although we used all our powers to induct
the spar-maker to exert his utmost energies io
our behalf, he was unable to complete the span,
tops, and caps in less than three weeks after om
arrival. However, as the other parts of tli«
equipment were finished, we succeeded in pre.
paring the vessel tor sea a week within the timt
to which we were limited. When all was thus
ready, we weighed anchor, and made several
tacks to and fro in the bay, to try her rate of
sailing and manner of working as a brig, ami
had reason to be perfectly satisfied with th
change. The next day, having ascertained thai
the vessel with the beef was ready to go outsidt
and transfer it to the Aspasia, both vessels pro-
ceeded to sea together, on the ist of December
To Mr. Rodgers, the first mate of the Aspasia,!
had given her in charge, with directions, whet
laden, to proceed to the Havana, there dispose
of the cargo, and, with the proceeds of it, to
lade the vessel with such produce of the island
as he should judge best, adapted to the New
York market, whither he' was to make the besi
of his way with it. >
The Aspasia being dispatched, there was m
thing to prevent me from giving my undividei
attention to expediting the Tel^maco, the sliipi
had Ijought ; but acting by mettns of others, I
perceived to be dull work, and particularly sf
with the Portuguese. There was, however, no
other resource than patience ; and it was verr
evident, that large drafts would be requirci
upon whatever stock I might possess of this vir-
tue. The ydung man who had been appointee
to command the ship was docile and amiable
but entirely destitute of that principle of enter
prise which is an acknowle(%ed peculiarity d
the American character ; so that, as almosi
every thing depended on his exertions for get-
ting away the ship, it was nearly the end of
December Ijefo^e this desirable object was ac-
complished.
Our passage to St. Catharine's was performed
in a few days, and with much ease. The prodi-
camont, however, of making one of a ship'i
company, not an individual of which, excci:tinj
my servant, was acquainted with any other thai
the Portuguese language, of which I was ign»
rant, was not without its embarrassment.
Entering by the passage at the north end
the island, it is nccessai'y to pass over a
distance of flats, on wldch there arc only
■ic,<i
AND COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISER.
81
in 'which our vesse
e water, and wliicb
! length by the grass
o(l which has l.jen
erged in sea-wjcer.
' labour was scraped
slacking put on im.
ler notice was taken
)m the native boat-
th which our vessel
ithout any apparent
r powers to induce
utmost energies io
) complete the spars.
;hree weeks after ow
other parts of tlie
B succeeded in pre. •
yeek within the timt
When all was thus
•, and made several
, to try her rate of
king as a brig, anil
r satisfied with tiie
ring ascertained that
s ready to go outsidi
ia, both vessels pro-
the 1st of December,
late of the Aspasia,!
ith directions, whei
ivana, there dispose
B proceeds of it, t«
roduce of the island
adapted to the Nei
as to make the best
sched, there was n(v
;iving my undividd
Tel^maco, the shipl
means of others,!
and particularly so
re was, however, w
;e ; and it was very
would be reqiiirci
it possess of this vii-
had been appointed
docile and amiable
it prificiple of enter
ledged peculiarity ci
so that, as almos
is exertions for get.
nearly the end oi
irable object was ac-
vine's was performed
ch ease. The prcdi-
ing one of a ship'i
of which, exccptlK
. with any other thiu
of which I was igno
iinbarrassment.
at the north end
to pass over a
there arc only
Bn to eight feet of water, before arriving at
harbour in front di the town ; in doing
kich wc scraped the bottom several times, and
ice had evidence that it would be injudicious
> cause the ship to draw more water in going
t, and that we should be compelled to lade
greater part of the cargo in the roadstead,
Ifthe north end of the island.
>irections having been sent to Rio Grande,
ic time of making my contract for the beef
illie sent to St. Catharine's, a brig, with nearly
4^ hundred tons, reached there a few dayf af-
ariival. This being taken on board, and
pying the place of the ballast, which had
thrown out, made the ship draw a few
|cs more water than on entering ; and this
ig increase caused embarrassment, and the
a kedge-anchor, in returning over the
Having anchored in the roadstead, near
^HtMnain side, from wliich was a beautiful run
<|§||Rter emptying into the sea, we waited there
ijr a month before receiving the remainder
cargo. In the mean time, the men were
in filling the water-casks, and in cutting
^ntiful supply of wood.
I town of St. Catharine's is eligibly situated
entle slope, at the south-west side of the
U and its harbour is secure against the in-
I of every wind. The appearance of the
, from the shipping in the harbour, is very
essing ; but a closer inspection tends, in
I degree, to remove the favourable impres-
^thus made. The houses are of very or-
construction. generally of one story ; and
jTumiture is of the rudest manufacture, and
to articles of indispensable necessity,
p, the inhabitants, being unacquainted with
es, or unamiiitious of possessing them, are
lenerally in the enjoyment of ease and inde-
ence. Indeed, when a Creole Portuguese
"8cs enough to keep him from starving, he
longer labour, but riots in those slothful
enccs wliich, from education, or rather
le, and the effect of climate, he considers
le happiness.
! the richest individual of the place I had a
;of introduction ; but it did not procure for
ay of those little attentions which may be
., without any expense, and which are so
ing in a strange land. By the accidental
■stance of being near his house, during a
shower, I took the liberty of going in,
roid getting w et, and was treated with all
ible civility. This man's fortune is esti-
at twenty thousand dollars ; an amount
91, compared with that of the rest of the
lunity, gives him the same false estimate
iniself, induced by the sycophancy of his
^-citizens, which, from a like cause, is but
ten seen in better educated and more in-
ent communities.
governor, though acknowledged to be a
l»y man, is decidedly opposed to the levelling
- which is a peculiarity of the times ; and
G
when its influence is observed in an intbvidual,
by any deficiency of respect to himself, he does
not allow it to pass unnoticed. Of this he gave
an instance one day, when one of the seamen of
the Telemaco, being on shore on liberty, passed
near to him without raising his hat. He was
instantly arrested; and although he urged, in
extenuation, his ignorance of its being the go-
vernor, he was nevertheless put in the stocks for
an hoar. With such summary punishment for a
breach of good manners, it may be presumed
that the people are orderly ; that riots, street-
brawls, and drunken frolics are unknown here.
Indeed, the inhabitants have no fancy for them ;
and the foreign sail(vs, who are occasionally
here, soon discover that a sober demeanour is
the only one allowable.
In consfquence of the limited native com-
merce of St. Catharine's, and the small number
of foreign ships which visit it, there are no in-
ducements to the inhabitants to prepare such
supplies of live stock, vegetables, and frnits, as
are desirable for vessels touching there; and
hence, in procuring ours, we were indebted to
the kindness of some individuals, who permitted
encroachments to be made on their family stock.
Having accomplished our lading, after waiting
for the last part of the cargo until my patience
was nearly exhausted, we immediately weigKed
anchor, and sailed for the Havana, on tiie |4tl| ,
of Februarj, 1806. , |
After having abandoned the original j^Ein of '
going to the west coast of America, and decided *
on the one I was now prosecuting, I had written '
by two opportunities, from Rio Janeiro, to my
friends in Boston, requesting to have insurance
effected, if it were practicable. But these were
precarious times for neutrals, when the two great
belligerents agreed in nothing else than in plun- '
dering them; and I was aware of the uncer-
tainty, whether, by some new order in council,
on one side, or some retaliatory decree on the
other, approximating to an interdiction of all
neutral commerce, insurance could be effected
at any rate. On the presumption, however, that
such neutral commerce would be unmolested, aa
did not, even in a remote degree, prejudice the
interests of the belligerents, (and of this descrip-
tion the voyage I was now pursuing certainly
was,) I felt that I had little else to guard against
than the sea risk, and therefore was free from
anxiety on the subject of insurance.
A few degrees south of the equator we fell in
with a British frigate, by which we were sub-
jected to a rigid scrutiny ; the result of which
was a conviction of the neutrality of the pro-
perty, the legality of the voyage, and conse-
quently, that there existed no motive for deten-
tion. By the captain and officers of this ship I
was treated with much civility, and, on parting,
they wished me a safe arrival iit Havana. A
similar investigation, with a Hkc result, by a
British sloop-of-war, from which we weie
boarded a few days ufterwaidb, tended to cncou-
CLE\ ELANDS VOYAGES
m
nge me in the belief that I had nothing to ap-
prehend from British vessels of war. These
evidences that my voyage was not considered
opposed to any order or regulation which should
justify its interruption, and by those, too, whose
eye to discover a flaw possessed the quickness of
the eagle, and whose appetite for prey was as
voracious as that of the shark, confirmed my
opinion, that the sea risk was all I had to appre-
hend. With these impressions, I perceived no
other obstacle to prevent my reaching Havana,
where I was sure of reaping an immense profit
on my adventure. In the contemplation of such
flattering prospects, my imagination often dwelt
on the joy of a happy return to my family, with
a fortune that would supersede the necessity of
ever leaving it again. These pleasing anticipa-
tions, however, were soon destined to pass away
into the regions of airy castles.
£arly on a fine morning, when about a hun-
dred and fifty miles to windward of the Island
of Martinique, we descried a number of vessels
to the westward, wluch, on approaching, were
perceived to be a fleet of English vessels of war.
Being nearest the Ramillies of seventy-four guns,
we were boarded from that ship ; and on ascer-
taining that the fleet was commanded by Admi-
ral * * * * nc^ my heart sank within me. All
my confidence, resulting from the mrdeal to
which we had been so recently subjected, com-
bined vrith my entire conviction ol the innocence
and legitimacy of the voyage, were insufficient
to banish the apprehension of being sent in for
abjudication.
The boarding officer from the Ramillies was a
joung man of good appearance, but totally defi-
cient in every attribute of the gentleman ex-
cepting his garb. His behaviour to the captain
of the Telemaco, and to myself, while on board
our own ship, was marked by all that insolence,
arrogance, and impudence, which are the ac-
knowledged peculiarities of a coward, when
conscious of being free from danger. As the
captain of the Telemaco did not speak English,
I accompanied tliis brutal officer on board the
BamiUies, with the ship's papers. My reception
aqid treatment by the venerable and respectable
commander of this ship, formed a perfect con-
trast with that of the boarding officer. He was
evidently one of the old school, urbane, mild,
gentlemanly, and with manners and deportment
as much at variance with those of his subalterns,
I^t "Wcrc the courtiers of the times of the Louises
with the sam-culottea of our day. After a tho-
rough examination of our papers, in which he
was assisted by two of his officers, no cause was
perceived by them to justify the detention of
the ship ; consequently, the papers were returned
to me by the commander, who wished me a
good voyage, and caused me to be put on board
the Telemaco again.
On the presumption that a captain in the fleet
would not act in this independent manner with-
out the. sanction of the commander-in-chief, I
began to doubt whether time had not effected a
change in the character of the admiral ; whether
the high station to which he had arrived might
not have elevated his mind above the buccaneer-
ing propensities for which he was famed ;
whether even he might not occasionally feel
something allied to remorse, at the amount of
distress which he must be conscious that he had
caused, and hence had determined to plunder
no more. This delusion, unfortunately, was but
of momentary duration. We had scarcely filled
away«Dur sails, when, the admiral's ship having
approached, and the information having been
conveyed to him, by signal, of whence we came,
and whither we were bound, without deigning
to see us or our papers, he ordered our ship to
be taken possession of, and to be conducted to
Tortola. Accordingly, a boat, vrith the requisite
number of men, came on board from the Cerbe-
rus frigate, and took possession of our sttip ; and
returning, took our ship's company, including
mysdf, on board the frigate, leaving the master
of the Telemaco, alone of our number, on board
that ship. • ^ f . I, ; ; •, • i- !
i)«n! 43flf ..i>%;> I,-; " ' 'lt,11li*V»i « frit,
.fCi ..viM* i - f*'!. io bfVt";!!?)
'.-um'-iitbi CHAPTER XVIII. '»♦!> .«'j^ •«)
Convnrsation of the ofBcera of the Cerbenm.— The
prize affont at Tortola.— Hia unnecemary teve-
riiy. — His power over Ihn Judge.— Confisca'.ioii
of the vestel and cargo. — EmbArraasment of the
prize agent. — His tempting proposxl.— Hope of
ransom. — Proceed to St. Thomas. — Wreck of the
vessel.— Characteristic lamentations of the own-
ers. — Failure of negociation for ransom. — Return
to Tortola. — Reflections on occurrences there. —
Departure for New York. — Arrival there — Ac
cumulated misfortunes.— •Total loss of fcirtnne.—
GouflicUng feelings. — *■ Home, aweet home!"
During the several days I passed on board
the Cerberus, before arriving at Tortola, I was
treated with much civility by the captain and
officers of that ship. The ward-room officers
were all young men of gentlemanly manners and
deportment. The all-absorbing theme of con-
versation, while I was with them, was their
prizes ; what they had shared from one, what
they expected to share bora another, not omit-
ting an estimate of the pittance each might de-
rive from my property. That the minds of
pirates and thieves should be so exclusively
engaged in the discussion of the amount and
division of their booty, is easily comprehended;
but, to perceive the same thing in men profess-
ing to be gentlemen, possibly Christians, men
wearing the livery of one of the most powerful
monarchs of the earth, warriors by profession,
was a circumstance equally incomprehensible
and disgusting.
The Cerberus and the Telemaco came to
anchor at the same time in the harbour of Tor-
tola, on the 22d of April, 1807. . The agent foi
prizes, a-
were del
civilly ac
procuriiij
returned
two hour
niy surpr
val, Don
o])en my
it all my
ton outr
might ha
served t(
conduct,
to be a VI
From I
to be pre
c.xaminin
i. the judge
confiscati
mitted, i
Iiegun at
.^proceeds,
:|toufficient
Indication,
'board a
consisted
what plei
question i
, the more
f^ say to
dat if t
lers si
Jvise th
ads f<
..influence
^j^them8clv(
^^obvious.
There
.counsel f(
>tola but
j^Jlirved on
;i?|»a8 enlis
-i^Jerers. I
^ijnd enter
esult, I
jperty,
emptin
my d
^been
appea
. wait
ffrco of t;
<|lOlil^ :'te(
Mil i'.e <
. flinin ste
A'^ die
liaiu, inv
ts iinpo
Ived, in
tiou thii
ktinn of
mind
iugan, I
AND COMMERCIAL ENTERPftlSES.
88
flfected a
whether
!(! might
ccaneer-
fanied ;
ally feel
nonnt of
,t he had
plunder
was but
ely filled
p having
ing been
(re came,
deigning
r ship to
lucted to
requisite
»e Cerbe-
iliip ; and
including
ie master
on board
fi i'Vl'll-
Ji'ih{ .'^
inm.— The
»ary wve-
onfisca'.ion
ent of the
.— ^Hope of
reck of the
f the own-
p.. — Return
e« there. —
here— Ac-
forliiiie.—
dome!"
on board
tola, I was
Biptain and
>m officers
anners and
me of con«
was their
one, what
■, not omit-
i might de-
I minds of
exclusively
mount and
prehended;
len profess-
stians, men
st powerful
' profession,
iprehensible
;o came to
(our of Tor-
he agent fot
prizes, a Mr. Dougan, came on hoard, and to him
were delivered the ship's papers. He then very
civilly accompanied me on shore, to aid me in
l)rocuring lodgings. This being accomplished, I
returned on board, at the expiration of about
two hours, to take my baggage on shore ; and to
my surprise found, that during that short inter-
val, Dougan had been on board, had broken
o])en my writing-desk, and had abstracted from
it all my private letters and papers. This wan-
ton outrage was entirely unnecessary, as he
might have had the key by asking for it ; but it
served to open my eyes to a character whose
conduct, throughout the business, proved him
to be a worthy coadjutor of the admiral.
From a merchant of the place, who happened
to be present when the judge and Dougan were
examining the papers together, I learned that
> the judge could not then perceive any cause for
confiscating the property. The voyage, he ad-
mitted, as appeared by the documents, was
Iiegun at New York for American account. The
-proceeds, at Rio Janeiro, of the investment, were
ifsufficient to piirchase the property under adju-
fdication. It was shipped at a neutral port, on
, board a neutral ship, for neutral account, and
consisted of no article contraband of war. On
what plea, then, could it be condemned ? was a
' , question that required much ingenuity to solve ;
^£ the more especially as Dougan was then heard
^to say to the judge, on his expressing a doubt,
at if this prize escaped condemnation, none
ers should be sent to Tortola, but he would
[vise their being sent into one of the other
ds for trial. Whether this threat had any
uence in the final decision is known only to
i^hemsclves, but that it was so intended is
.|obvious.
^I*, There was no choice of a person to act as
{^counsel for the defendant, for there was at Tor-
i^tola but one individual for that office, who
t'jirved on all prize cases, and whose sympathy
?;^as enlisted entirely on the side of the plun-
derers. Under such discouraging circumstances,
fnd entertaining no doubt of what would be the
suit, I should instantly have abandoned the
perty, and wasted neither time nor money in
mpting to defend a case already prejudged ;
my duty to the underwriters, if the property
been insured, and the propriety of securing
appeal, forbade this course, and induced me
wait the tardy process of the court. The
f;?! t.o of trial was of becoming duration, and was
|Oiii'v;'ted with the same forms and solemnity
}• ii t'le objects had been to elicit truth and to
.'Yhn'ui ster justice.
i« the case of the Telemaco was perfectly
u, involving no intricate point whatever, it
impossible that the judge should have per-
ved, in thirty days, any more cause of confis-
iou than was discoverable on the first exanii-
ition of the papers ; hence it is probable that
mind was made up soon after the threat of
ugan, and that the trial was neither more nor
less than a shield to coyer an act of villaiiy.
The ship and cargo were condemned, as good
and lawful prize to the admiral, on two
grounds, — the one being that of pursuing a
voyage, in time of war, which is not permitted
in time of peace ; the other, "the inadmissibility
of a continuity of voyages."
It is but doing justice to the honourable
feelings of a young naval commander, who had
recently arrived on this station, and who was
yet uninitiated in the atrocious practices pecn-
liar to it, to mention that, when informed by a
friend of mine of the decision of the court, and
the reasons for it, he indignantly, and perhaps
imprudently, termed it no other than licensed
piracy. Those of my fellow-citizens, of more
recent times, who, by the ameliorating influence
of their commercial relations with England
have imbibed the most lofty, and, I doubt not,
just ideas of the honour, good faith, and inte->
grity of British merchants, may find it difficult
to credit the fact, that, only thirty years ago,
the government of which they are subjects
could sanetion such atrocities as those I have
detailed ; or that a British admiral existed, who
would condescend to use such base, cruel, and
wicked means for the augmentation ai his pri-
vate fortune. But the thousands of my fellow-
citizens who were ruined at this perioa by being
stripped of their property, on equally frivolocs
pretexts, will corroborate the accuracy of trtjr*-
statement. ^
The Telemaco and cargo being condemned, it
was no easy matter for the prize agent to dis-
pose of them, excepting at a very great sacrifice.
The ship possessed an intrinsic value at Tortola','
which the cargo did not. To have unloaded,'
with a view of transporting it in other vesseh to
the Havana, where only a sale was to be
found for it, would be incurring a great expense
and labour of doubtful remuneration. Hence
there was an evident necessity of selling the ship
and cargo together, and it would be impossible'
to eflfect this, with the fact before the eyes of
the purchaser, that the property had just been con-
fiscated for being bound to the only place where
it could be disposed of. The prize agent WW
extremely embarrassed with the peculiiirity of
this case, aware that, without the intervention
of a neutral, nothing could be made of it. In
this extremity, he made a proposal to me td"
take it at about half its original cost, and, as an
inducement, would engage to provide protection
against detention by British cruisers on its way
to Havana. What effrontery ! What impu-
dence ! What villany ! To rob me of my pro-
perty on pretext of inadmissibility of voyage
and then propose a passport for the more safo
prosecution of the same voyage, for pursuing
which the property was confiscated !
That the atrocity of this case may be viewed
in all its bearings at once, I will make some re-
petitions, even at the risk of being considered
tedious. Of the perfect neutrality of tliis or* -
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0 ^^ tii
itt U2 g2.2
S lis 12.0
1.1
iiiiiyi Hi^ 1^
HiotDgrajiiic
Sciences
Corpoiation
V^^^
^
<^
^^>^ ^^^\
23 WIST MAIN STRUT
WIRSTH.N.Y. USM
(7l6)l7a-4903
'^%
^^^
^
c
84
CLEVELANUS VOYAGES
perty^theie mu not ■uggestod, nor did there
exiit ia the mind of any one, a doubt. The cargo
consisted of no article contraband of war, and
was not destined to a blockaded poA. We had
been subjected to a rigid scrutiny by three dif-
ferent British sliips of war, and neither of them
saw any reason for detaining us. Without the
formality of looking at our papers, or even pt
seeing an Individual belon^ng to the ship, the
admiral ordered her to be taken possession of,
aud to be conducted to Tortola fpr ac^udication.
At Tortola, the shq> and cargo were condemned
as good andlawfol prize. The cargo being of a
description that embarrassed the prize agent to
know what to do with it, he propoi^d, as an in-
ducement for me to buy it in, to provide a pass-
port, which should secure it against British cap-
ture on the way to its originnl destination. Had
this event, and >then resemblinji it, with which
the times wore fertUe, occurred m the dark ages,
wh«n might and right were synonymous, they
would have been in keeinng with the state of
the human mind at that time ; but, in the nine-
teenth century, the aga of eidightened benevo-
lence and hich moral sense, tiiat any pressure of
war should be suftcient to induce a Christian
govommenft to e«oourage or sanction such rob-
beries, will be maUer (rf amazement and regret
to those who have aince come upon the active
stage of life, and who learn from the reminis-
oenees o# their seniors, that such were the actual
fbda.
AHJMWigh the proposal before mentioned came
tnm so oenapicuous a course, and might be de-
signed to phiage me into deeper ruin, yet it was so
temt^iing, holding out tiie prospect, even with the
cnrtaiboent of one half the caintal, of retrieving
my lottiiMB, that, howew much the chance was
against my being able to raise the requisite sum,
I dktofmined to q^are no efforts for the attain-
BBMtt of so desirable an object.
To have made the attempt at Tortola would
nave been useless. The merchants of that place
had beeome so much inured to scenes of ruin
and miasry, as to view the victims of theii free-
booters vrith feelings of contempt, rather than
sympattiy. My only hope, therefore, was to go
to .St. Thomas, and tiiiere endeavour, by hypotlM-
ealing the vessel and cargo, by bills on the
United States* or by dividing the adventure into
shares, to ndsc the requisite sum to r&nspm the
property. Accordingly, a droger being then
aliottt to sail for that plac«, I took passage in
kei^ and left Tortola late in the afternoon.
The breoe during the night was very mode-
rals^ and the vessel wu making such slow pro-
gress, that the master calculated on arriving off
the pisrt not before daylight. There^ust, how-
ever, have been great ignorance of the dianger,
or very eareleu steering, or perhaps both { as,
between one and tw« o'dook in the morning, we
had run on to a ledge of rocks. Being waked
by the hard striking of the vessel, my first im-
pMMiM wai, that wt were alongside some ship
in the harbour ; but a second and third concni.
sion, and a great bustle on deck, satisfied me
that we were in danger. I then immediately
jumped out of my berth, and founrl > he watei
above my ancles, on the cabin floor. Taking my
clothes in my hand, I ran on deck, and hastily
put them on. By this time the vessel bad so
settled and heeled over, as to bring the water
nearly to the coamings of the hatches, on the
lee side of the deck ; and it was very evident,
that both vessel and cargo would be a total loss.
Tlie vessel was about twenty tons burden, and
was laden with coffee in bulk. As tmy little
trunk floated towards the companion-way, it was
seized by one of the men, and put into the
boat.
Not more than half an hour had elapsed from
the time the vessel struck, before she had filled.
The crew, consisting of four persons and myself,
embarked in the bMt, and left the wreck, from
which nothing could be saved, driving at the
landing just as the day began to break, I Was
obliged to wsit the moving of the people, b)efore
I could find any one to conduct me to the inn.
In the meantime, the owners at the vessel
and cargo had heard a rumour of their loss, and
had come to the landing to ascertidn the parti-
culars. These were nven by the master and
men then present ; and, having heard the dismal
recital, which closed by the infbrmation, that
the loss was total, they broke out tai exclama-
tions, showing the depth of their distress. The
vessel was owned by a Dane ; the cargo by a
Frenchman. It was to each his all, and the
fruit of many years' hard toil ; and it was unin.
sured. The expression of the effects of the dis-
aster, on each, was truly characteristic. The
Dane evidently felt his loss deeply. He was
sad, melancholy, silent, excepting now and then
an exclamation of "My God! what a misfor-
fortune ! what a pity !" The Frenchman, feel-
ing f.U the horrors of being reduced to b^;gary i
from comparative independence, gave "ullveiit |
to those feelings, in a most undignified manner.
He cried, groaned, wrung his hands, threw his
hat on the ground, and stamped upon it, ex-
claiming, every instant, " O mon IMeu ! mou
Dieu 1 quel malheur !" and acting fike a perfect
maniac. The sympathy of tb6 good people,
who had collected in considerable numbers, wu
evinced in their attempts to soothe him; but
any consolation, offered at this moment, was un-
heeded and useless.
Being incapable of assniging the grief, or M
rendering any service to these muortunate people.
I left them as soon as I could procure a negro
to Ule my trunk, and show me the way to the
inn. When there, my first object vras to pro-
cure dry clothes. Mine were all wet, those in i
mv trunk aa. well as those I had on t and no |
other resQurce was prf«ented me!, Uten that of
wrurping myself in a borre«<ed mik, and wai^ |
ing In my room until some of*lhiiem were dried.
This was accompliihed in diM time; and thei,
AND COMMERCIAL KKTBRPRI8BS.
85
[being greatly refimhed by « good breakfast, 1
Iwalkcd out to see the town, and to find the
Imerchants to whom I had letten. I had a long
oten'iew with each. They were very civil ana
riendly, and were not deficient in expressions
Df sympathy for my misfortunes, nor of de-
minciations for what they termed' the villany of
|the Vioe-Admiralty Court, in encouraging and
mctioning such acta of piracy. But they de-
clined advancing me any thing **j redeem my
property, in either of the several modes I pro-
Dsed to them, probably for the very good rea-
)ii. ;hit, as the property on its way to Havana
rould be secure against British capture, there
rould exist no other than the sea risic, and,
^erefore, they could avail themselves of the en-
re advantage of the operation.
Having ascertained that a vessel would sail
tm hence for New York in about a fortnight,
^was very desirable that I should not lose the
ortonity of going in her, seeing that now all
u{ re-pitfchasing my sliip was annihilated,
srdingly, I returned to Tortola the fourth
after leaving it, and immediately set about
king the necessary arrangements for taking a
' leave of this abominable place. Dougan
pressed regret that I had not succeeded in
iiig the means to enable me to accept his
£)sal ; but, with the passport, there was no
^ t some neutral from St. Thomas would be
licoming, who would readily make the pur-
le.
iviiig settled my accounts, and secured my
si papers, I left Tortola on the 2Sth of July,
than a month from the date of my arrivd.
ing that month, scarce a day passed, in which
sas not subjected to some angry altercation,
lie unnecessary provocation, some feverish
itcment, from my opponents ; or some trou-
and anxiety from complaints and uneasiness
the oflicers and crew of our ship ; and th|s,
ler the scorching influence of a vertical sun.
I had the happiness to escape the fever,
ch this combination of causes was so well
eulated to produce, and to retain my health.
|J left the harbour on my way to St. Thomas,
ed near the Tel6maco, which lay there by
I of the right of the strong over tlie weidc.
idiitinction between this act of piracy, and
of a like character by the ancusni bucca-
must lie perceived to consist idone in the
imstance, that the former is sanctioned by
Ired banditti, termed a YIce-Admiralty
rt ; and the latter were too honest and mag-
lous to practise such hypocrisy. The an-
of the times, however, were fertile in the
kil of such atrocious invasions of the rights
leutrals; the one party justifying its thefts,
|d|he thefts and burnings of the other.
To have practised the self-denial incident to
ring my family for so long a time ; to have
led in reaching Rio Janeiro, after being
ited, and su(r«ringa)l,||M toils and anxie-
incident thereto ; to havfl surmounted, liap-
pily, the numerous obstades and risks attendast
ou the peculiarity of the transactions in port :
to have accomplished the business of lading
and dispatching the vessels, in defiance of great
ribstacles, and to perceive the fbrtnne almost
Within my grasp, which would secure to me ease
and independence for the remainder of my lifb;
and then, by the irresistible means of bmtr
force, to see the whole swept off, in so atn>>
clous and cruel a manner, and mysdf and findly
thereby reduced, in a moment, firom ailhienGe to
poverty, must be admitted to be a calamity of
no ordinaiT magnitude. It required, indeed, the
exercise of great fortitude and patience, and na-
turally led to the perception of the acknow-
ledged truth, that mankind experience a greater
amount of misery from the evil passions and
wickedness of their fellow-men, than flrom all
theciTectsof hurricanes, lightning, earthquakes,
and the warring of the elements combined. '>^
Fortunately, I possessed an elasticity of mind
which adapted itself to circumstances. I was
accustomed to contend vrith difP.cnltief, and
disdpUned by a loag course of losses and disap>
pointments; and when suffering under them, I*
habitually looked round for the means to re^
medy them. I was soon enabled, tberefore, to
throw off much of the weight of this misfortune.
Some mitigation of its e^Rect was produced, by
cherishing the hope, that insurance on the pro>>
perty mi^t have been effected, and that the Ai^ ' -
pasia might have accomplished her voyage %w^<^t
cessfully. Although no more could be expeeteA
from the appeal, than the sum tar which Ite' '
property Ym been sacrificed; and this sum
would, necessarily, be much reduced by lawyen^*-
fees anu merchants' commissions, before rnehi*'
ing my hands ; yet even this served to buoy apr i'
my spirits, undtr their excessive pressure. "
Arriving again at St. Thomas, I found' ^
ship destined for New York neariy ready for
sea. Although a stranger in the place, there
were none of the nsual attractions for beguittnf -"
the tedious hours of one in my unfortunate eiiu<*u
cumstances ; and the necessity for an addition^ ^
day's delay increased mv impatience. )>
At length, on the 8th of June, we took nW''
departure from St. Thomas, and, on the 90th <lt->»
the same month, arrived at New York, after »'
passage as pleasant as there was reason to tiK^ «
pcct at this season of the year. We had seveni t*^
invalids on board, which oblind us to pass fear i
days in quarantine at Staten Island. This, mn* '•
der different auspices, would have be«n a pleak
sure ; and even as it was, the arrivd from sei,
the enchanting picture firom tho terraee «f the >
Quarantine-house, the supply of ttie Vaffaus re^ >
freshments of the season, the dally papers >fMeh
came regularlv to us, and, more than all^ letten
from my familv announcing that all ware well,
combined to lessen the tedium of my det«n4
tion.
On being relieved from .({uaramiiie, on 4\f
4th of July, the master of tkit Tel«nae» aad
w
l'hfcVM,AMH> VMtAtlPH
lilt^ rtt^ HHt1« Mti! Mil ttlr< MoUf ll»(>1 ItltKttK t^r ln(>
ieiv'l»M|Mrtrt ^)t lH>» MHtl>^««l h^Mi't'. At thU mn-
M'^wi ^Sw^wmf miMtl ^no pH^\f P»H«i«d Hi Utr
(U^i^ntHl irt (m^ thnt ^At- wail tite titevlthbltt citn-
to hf «>ftvilrt *rttrtnt«tr»1 ^Mth iH«rt»»ptn pvi'h
■t»T*tr» {hAW I ^A«1 l«rtllt««Ml t)M tUCftiMI \\\\\\,
\ \mvp\\ti\ A «h(^ih*w frt^t rtWr «httt t^cnt'VolpMt
wwtVM^ttPr, ^\\\\'\\ tw»i h»thprtrt*1«iijiib«n»mfil
N^-ttt* «W\lr«| Unrt JrtV ^t^p\l I^PfttMii SM ftrtfl- KU
>fitmi tiW\MYi\\\(sm wrrr nhrtut Wirtfj ct»UllHttnif.
il'p t\\W «»», \\\tiU \^ rrtA^f^wttw rtf thp \S)r«-
th«» Wmt wv Wttfit nnHvt>\» i<«»MHttg <ttRU»AM«'P
ttft tw» «vft»<<\ tho ot^ti'i^ Wftttii* M» Mrtm«ti« thrtl
^4rtV-t^^tT* ft^A mp-\\\\rA jwt- w»tti.. wWbh WV
^«r\^i1ii \Vi«)h^ ttrt n^n^^m ti> |^\T| ftttMWft nrt i«-
«Wftttn» 1\fl«\ t>rrn oiftitc oti «Ue<«>>\«VtV, A^dtU«<!
)0(M) NV^K tVw Atwont «W Mv. «h»Wr 4ttd tt^j-^iif.
!*«» XM>» »»y<« aW \ ^r SMI* nft\nM to $«-» tl^ivt i1^«»
»% tUNiin«l> «n«1 «rtM th*' oft»Tn> «' ftrt«^e« ilol-
^Mn V**- n«»in««^ M\d. \xitli t\u' p(\)«Te(W, AhxwW
t^irtv tWt«M<l dolUvn. hi^A kilptt with COt^'P
•T>A iiurw. brtottd to N«»>\ \ oA { I^mA \n^\p« ort"
C»f«s mttoinn, • p>\t \\-«* rnn>utttoivri, Irt wA^irh
uttp N-^ntjl N\M t^^iMwn rtrt \\<^t ow^« t*tt<U *tt'1
MrM)dlx\it^ \\ntvn Nvhlr^ «\infHi\sp rA»-g>v
iV tt)iWitt-i-. Ri^^Ww*. hftA Wrn ««T5^>t »\Miy *«<»
kit, «n<\ iihf fnnUy »v<»rho.^ No\fi^<V \\\ A wo^t
AistVHw*^ stute, \v<S«»"o \\\t «n\rtnttt rtf ftW \\\*\
\>m MXtHi \VM l\tO<> more \\\m miWvtortl to jm
^f M\j»ff<*!> oV <1m» oion. 1^^ n"«Wtt t^f \shoW.
tfo l»gwt M Ne>\ Vofk *>•<< wot 1V<-^\ ittt\>rt\\r.t
oi <)»« ^ipmint. icuA cowsom\cnt\y wo <ns«v
Hnct^iiA Ww «M«ii*<t. 1 t'^niia w*t trt\«»\\if
tn)r MkKHon ty» !h<>w misfiMi «««»», Wnww \mA
ntii\af^ wfOM «t rinV ; >>?t \ fw^wrtNiM t^fct i^et'^
%M DOMf^f^ to W yo« y»nfi>W^V tNN tt>»»
Avct^'li^ing ^*i1 Nvw to bf tAAA ftV>ot\\«»v
Hem, wiK^ >»kY>e^A t\\ my oitf» ^ o\^^vsiv\jt,
—tW ^ilnix; M k ftvnA UnA \vlMtO*> OW W>W»W
jHyn 1 'Mit iin «iWp«", ahA \\nh 1>WWW« tt*-
Mp6wibl« f» i>»« mw o« fciv \WM»yii^ ^AU^tt.
^ MKr«|(«tv oi iWit^ )t>ttsH», ^fitfwAtiv^ 1^»
^»1«« df tW tci^mnooV t^iiifA M tW «IW* VAtt
"MW p«M Mr li«r» *nA in*tfK^A»'w< ^ »0 twwtW
tM •« inN'WtiWMit ♦if til* fft*^ rt Wn^iwi* t^w
^% V<A, ^v»^^ iH*K**t to <*♦ l»Vrt*At*4 <tlr\A
Alb Hmhmni^ <)<>Aiini..
tMjr fttHttMn »i»r»« H«w Ml»#ilt ttll l««i»f of Miifi.
•(Hi»R n>m^ h'»ttn«M» li-Httif wnitunilhllHtftl, mil
th*- «ofl«i WW tn l»r lipntiti mtf w, Minlut till! pun
«Hi-» (»r hti^ttrtucrf t-rii|ttiitiilhflMI(>M. Uui tlit< n
rtPcH»tM, tliitt Mb itni-l; t»f iHlii |»tn|»<»Hy wm ..„
^m\\\ thrtt I Imd t»«H iMtoltM otliKt-K Hi im
)t)MN, Hits i<iitlitbtitly HMtgitlittmy. Atid tli»> ttlin.
'iU t<i)|Ui#iittnitl(Ut of toceUiig ttiy mwWf Nf^iiin,
jilT^t iHli Mriit rtOit UHlg MlMt^iioi) ^Olt< \\m, niM
t>«h)H« ttttVttttt pxjtci-lcltcM ftHjr illiUto of UtI) llli'oit
vnhli>HrMMttrtVoU))tt-t1l«tm«HU HMtUnhgfl^ottl mn l,
lUlnOiHtittf, bomhittMi to nIttMft iiltiit' tlHtntntl?
itept-Hldtht (ittVi't^ HO tot i|(lri^ i
tht* HHttht or otif ttiuroHtUill note not w»\
\m\\\\ 00 m VoHokilNt! )«ittttM[ thKn oh hit
m, itHloOigh tilA nfit otttf tni»MMoflHu«i Wl
(tin roor«p lo m \\tn\ \\\\\mM ma tth« w IihI
lotrh-ii)tt«(l nmootHtteii. 1'hU luM )Na#
«pHoos MtUI\tHuiio He unit ett«litletibei{, lAlr It !
m HfHlrtptl luio, timt rooUllttwi eitj^il-iifr
meot WAS fcqolt-rd to v.\m\t liiio to MPbqit it
wrlth l>«t«oot(o|t onmtlnt)'. ^tiouittfely Rlt iiiiti,
\\* \\M OOt OfStlOcil to HitU IOti| M H |tll|l!n(tr
!of l.ldhoo. Ao ottoortimit) (ORiPtttjetl iinnU im
torillAteh, hv Nvltlcii t ttt-oo«u-cil itUtt « Uitil>n|tr,
(lefh^ IKp cxopoie of \i, Mtiit Ititite ttlih Hiiliu,
otMi M«l)ty m f vph j
AAihetn Hanto ntt-Utei- nrttine fot^ iiii<(ittitlnji|
me tit Nctv Yot-kt i itehi ttttr ootiMi: hottta^ttoLl
mill Aitiveit tltetn 00 the m of July, mi, «l
(terioiittiM will ttevet he oblitanl^tl mttti im!
lormorv, - HltPti thejoy of ett\bVi»liU| \M k\\\\\\
ottw otore lit Itpnltlt wiw (0 ImtW tiBlvHu'l \<lli'
the (lUtiPSB iTKttltlnii; l^ottt the eottltslouioeiti i^
the yews of irjtAretbo tltnt weh^- lMtfW*Mh' '■
the t^ttrtseil cAbtti ti>i(\iUlte (ttf t^W Ittnlii
t Ml ;!*(•(• . ^ ^ ', .
1ho!»e who hitve IVmooI itiltteleol hit^Ho 114
|trew«hon \>*>p't. to he Ittiliietsit to l^»lli\W tO('i»|
toy ioihRi>i)OPOt ei\tct-tvtUe«, Will fhtil Khtiinlnttl
r\-iilettee. ilii\ti«y l\tiroo«llog» HeH»f\illy \ta\\w\
to th« (viteAteit^ loog, noil )tAlitf\tl ke|iAi-tttliin[
^m those whoot tt wns oit lew toy ■\itv titioiiij
WT>oh\ he\K> heei\ toy hit|totoeM tii wileh oirl
n\\\\ [wy^v^i. tM^AiOelleit to Mitvtg«»t» m >H|
got^l^ort of o\y iiitotliy, *0(t ih»|oiveil m foiwj
nnvow of fcin^vritttewihog the eiliienitytt of w'
rt\th\r<»t^- Nvott\ with, noMety, iittil gtek Mt \\m
\\\ ho|>e »^>tVm»it -It K^\\\ he seett^ thtii I mi
Rir to\Aivv y-vArt Ao ex<*e (tvio aU thlt )iiiW\\M
\ih iWaV Atttl lto*tWthW,- Atol this A« A ItXi*
^tteov-e, of the t>)hWfy of o\y hAtil-eAt-'-ietl IVoniw
I the ei\joyVttettt t>f *htn ttv>n^et^y, lo wleVi^fl'
ohtASwett, IveAii Attjr |m^i>«Wtto« ttt ttie y^>«ii> <
Miffc>t<n* iHittu^ the imvjoHetor hy It* Iom,
*t^r^» th«^ Mw^tt^i iwe»oo\j\ttve evlileoi'fofi
frtXTrthw «>t tttitwA *Wh i\i\«t wwi iti e»tiw
tt»>w htrt-eAWf*-.
AMD CO!ttMKRrr/lf< MMtftftfRrflKfl.
n?
CflAI'tBIt XII.
AkiiMmUiM* (if tlHtMi mtU^H—hniMp^M mt.
— l*rnpiiMiJ ft*j»fft ♦» Afflnn,— lllijwt ftf »h«<
■— Vnltiilht* dir§(» — tmdn of IJ«fM.— Afflemi
IVhttM.— 'h»n niitiA UKtln. — hM^tnt fiiturn —
VntiiK««l<tA«tt«f)«<«. - AlMRfiMttort of Oil(i«.— VojAgA
(n Rtjfnpw— AfHtil In th<i t*Jj''<N— l<*tiffi«»j» «••
f,«>Mtltt« — hwrtrofy rtf (•♦tt|mf«».— Pf»ij#Mwf ♦«♦-
ttMlo »h(» !•!« «f f^nH***).— H» ftlll»<f»'< Nfirt fMtilf*.
VMjUft* In thMMiil—KttUni tti Mrlllf.-A
ni|4« (tlNfMi—PrHeMtl (« Atti«(»)r<fiitn.-~!lti(}e^Mftil
fi|«m;i«lntlii((.~~t4mbNrpn hi MotliiN(l.-.ti«lMiM of
Mm Aitc'rlemi ulttiu— AitUtnr it4trM«(i>(l wUli de*-
• ttrltUh fHga'A—Arrlirti .ii ti«Mimcir«.~l',i]-
l^blfldaiita of (iniittli.
tin* l«t«»-«?oiitlM«f««l wtif Jrt »>f ipfiHdtlmi f»r
|Htl«l» prtihcM, on th« •)• ""Ofttlps^eomrtifefpftof
|« Uhlteil StMtMi had, •>. Ipttgth, t-otiM^d thn
ittiftttRtioii of titt! p^npKi to «Urft M (lt<f^r(<r<, ttiMt
!V «i«>tvt!«( wiir M « m% isfW th«n lt« longer
ftiNiice ( when the limtiH to th<« nationNi flag,
the attauk on the tVigate C'heaaiieake^ aeemiid
l-endcf «ut*h an ei(tM Inevltahte. 't1t« m-
It-go, whleh wai the hnmediite eoiist'onenee.
I vlewedjM a measttre of pfuttdflce and Aonnd
||l(i)r. ilioie of out tnert^httttfi who «»ere
Itit fiugaging in fbreltn totageii, ahandotied
Kit- plani \ those wtio lind nuutitic s of fbfeign
iHihattdiifl in itore, were making ealctdationa
^ an advanced price i add tliote wiio had prO'
' if ahroad wet-e niing tlieir utmost exertions
pet it home, to aid in the promoting the
i^a of tile latter ctais, ipeciil permissions
I granted hy nor govetttment, Air vessels to
[tceed ill hallastf in various directions. The
euliai' stAte of th« times having prevented nijr
Mging In anx entertirise on my own account,
fccepted the pt-oposal of some ffl«rtthants of
jeni, to to in pursuit ofg^vesiet of fli^ra to
coaat of AMoa. the Hlest accoonti tHim
Is vffiset were, thai after having succeeded lit
llecting a rlcli MtfgOi the captain had died,
ft ttiat the mat« eoitlthUed on the 6M«t, to
3te of some poflton of (ho (lutwai^ «argo,
i^h y«k remahied uttsotd.
Lcciirdlngly, tha hrig Star heing p*-t*parfid for
jUurtMMi, and pravided with t'lt requisite
JMisslon Arow government, t sailAiifhim tioston
Mhe coast of AiVIca, In tha month of Apfii.
m. Our aoGommodattons being spacious and
|r, and the voyago to he perrormed In the
imer months^ t waa Inducwl. no less for
|r mutual graitfleallon than for the promotion
Jils hoaltu, to Invite my father .ln<law, the
iicrahtfl ex-collector of the port of Silom, to
ittmpany me.
•Our (Husage out was pleasar^t and expeditious,
King olf the river of Senegal on the twenty-
Mith day after leaving Boston. The wind,
Itch liad blown strong the dav liefore our ar>
hi, had not sulK.iiied when off the ttivvn \ and
surf heat so heavily on the heaoh as to pre*
vent any cwmmunlwiUmi. Wff stood o/f and m
all day, as near (hft flhnr«> as Was pra4nnL tn
tite hopo (hnt some can<i« wmitd snecfiM in
mnking way thrnunh the «urtf and come off in
OS) hilt., at each ■t(«>mfit they maile, and wa
saw them make nctftni, their canoes were op-
s«t. At tencth, we perci>ived them to he Imv-
ing the heaeh, apparently ahanfloning the desim.
As I had no expectation of flnding th« veaselat
this place, and hoped only to ohtain irrformaiion
of her, I did not consider this ohject soffldant
to justify tlie loss of anothirr day, and conao-
((iiently, at dark, iiore away to the iwmthwafd.
Arriving at the Inland of Ooree the following
day, we them anf^rtained thst the vessel of
which we were in piirmiit waa to the leinvard,
most proYiahly at the Isles de fios. Having re*
mained twenty-four hoors at Ooree, and oht«ine<l
a supply of water and refreshmeiitSf we sailed
for the (sl«s de tins, where w« arrived withfiut
aeeldent. BtA the vcsmiI songht waa not there,
having left some weeks prifvions for Sierra f.eofte.
When on the pohrt of sailing for Sierra Leone,
an arrival directly from thefiee reportetl the
vessel in ifiiestion to have sailed the dav ha.
fore my Informant for Ooree. As this inf»r-
mation appeared to he sneh aa eonid he reNed
on, it waa olivioos thai a retttrn lo Ooree was
the most jndicioua course; in rnntormHf with
this decision, we put to sea, after having pnaaed
forty-eight honrs at the Isles de lioa i aii4 on
Arriving at Moree, found onraetves in a4faAee
of the vessel, the second day, however^ after
otir arrival, she came In ami anchored fieaf as.
On going on hoard, and presenting to the
macter the letter from the owners, desiriftg Mm
to deliver to me his cargo, and t^ take my jfn-
strnctions where to go to la<le with a eargo
of salt for the Unltetf States, h« HfMtly oMn-
plied, and liegan the ref(nlsite pMp«ra !Mi for
shifting the cargo from one teasel to the ofher.
The cargo, which aonslsted of itery, vnni« geld
dust, and hides, was of great valne, and wesild
welt < liif:' the additional expense trMftifte^ to
Insure its 9t\fety.
While (Iff. jtated In transhipping the eat«<»hito
my nt<tf\i i ) Hngllstt t>rlg.or-wrar arrived i fbo
captila ot which, on ascertaining the *A4«H of
toy voyage, and probably inspecting that f pos-
ieiaad Information relative to the critieil state
of affkira between England and ^e IfflKed
States of which he was ignorant, eoa«lAd€d to
take charge of my vessel, in the IfOll-^thit Moh
information might soon arrive aa w.yald make
her a lawful prlee. With this vhiw, hit Ml a
midshipman o^^ lioard, with directioiit not topnt
any obstacle In ihe way of oar ihlfthi| th« car-
go from one vessel to the other, or tiikhtg on
hiiard that porUon of the eargo, yat on inore,
which had been prepared against the return of
the vessel. Wlien tliese lalKrars were aco^-
pllshed, our water-oasks tilled, and every tfdng
BOAde ready for sea, there had lieen no anfMI i
consequently, no information by wtileli the eap-
MM
MtVIHAItMS VOVAtIMN
mjrtlMH fM »tt4H«l««t« thf (tii||ti«(>y. Mml InVi< t«Mii'
mJi^ th m ypi«H tUt»n Nhunt MtUtitf Air Kh^lMiMt.
hs «l»»»tH wlHi^*. A ftMv \\mH *mf Hif h'i»»»<||ii
iif my liiMdtr, \%t «••»( (hi> n Vvt hnt mNiMNtt MinI
t m\^\\^ \mwl^p^\^ imil m( (Itt* UNiiti* Mit«(* timK
«W«¥ (Ul* HlMM«(|«mMH, Nit Itlhfl' llt)lliAl4|t> IN*.
t^tifftHtt M |ir»«¥PM» imr i1t«|»i»Hmi«i ^<» i»i»lli«il mt
iittf tVHMit I m\t fKH\>**\n\* tt«fl ill \\w MHmn Mtiii'
llf\r lh«> H\-rv UAmhlNi ti»l«ili» wHh mU Air htimii.
ftittw in Nil tMimil iii^ vi't y mimU t>^(i«iif, Mtiil lt«
IN«>)ri««t#MI(llH* lir nil «1«illlllli>i«il) M m Alt'
mnMttM m«lk«>ii H mhIIv iti^lVtuUilii ii||Mlnftl miy
KtM««> w'Wh (Iti* nH|t)tlmMidig iitiMiMin An> i«n|mIiI(|
nritHM|k<tl|| Ht MUi*)! U. Il« i«iinH|tiil(y (ii Mii>
««iH)MH«tH( t¥mtiif« (I % riiviiDiiihli* jilHi'i* All* Ww
Hl«Mt«Hm<iM( itf RmHt|NHin trAilhin; fHiloiipii, iif
m^W^ ♦h«* *H» t^wful Til Oiwii* (miti»li»» (liii
H«tv«Mm nf Hit> iHiiUliiitiil Nil* (i« (hi> ItMliU iif
HtMtt^Hi <t^<^ )trtM)uiH> of lhi« iMiimiry, («iiiinIii(Imk
wf frti»»1w»y» pM ilw»». Willed, A<v» wl»li>h Uii'.v
ImHtN* Atr llmt«|HHtn mAuiifhfimmi mtit (liiiKHi.
NVhOil lh(^ M\n.M w«ii tn iMMDMidm of th«
I'mtoh. A^m wHitm (t Iml )i«t*m (iiKi«iu mil mimjr
y«(ir« iliit^Vk lh# (initio (i« MUvm ^M iiiiiiim'il III
* fTMII *\H^i. Thi* NunlHilMllim iif Oilii linAli*,
(M VIm KMiiilh lMN<«imlii|t titMlcin «if (Ito WUml,
HMMwl tfllt ilU(^mli«M( Hmonit ilti« n(>i|ithlHmi'>
IM fHwn^ l^^it >fr«r« Ihf'ivhir iMil (iir Aimt (U«*
|vrfMl|«l\ iKMii^ nf iMt- ii>in>«m9i uml U«tm*i>
«»«t* |TV«l\;r itl«MllK(l«Hl >vl h lh«^ iMiimiti*.
t iMki) M «iHi«^Htmlt)r of iHM>littr« «i « mi^N
(pIviwI^ lM>m(K»» (liit>i« i>( lltOR« |irh(rt>ii. who hm)
tHVM* l\t l^« UlMml (h Mt« lti>)i«, imh^r l\v m'r>
iiwmV>w imt (hwAlHy ht «i«i iWKy ih« (intliiuillnn,
«Mr h> lmlm'« » ii^^«m(vimo« il ll t «r In «l(ii)MtM» iif
•kwN (\> \» <M\\nx^\ M( mt ti iHitli' «>wii i^Hn.
tlM!» Mimtv %\\ (llnc<'U>i>klH| m(»ii« iml \f*% Omn
•1% n«l h^(H« AM wvU |M>«|mHtitn««l. IVIr
t<«itew« xMii« Ih UilMiHtt KiVltA, (twilrjr Ami
•h«Miry( ittil Ui«y vit^ ll<K^MnlllMl wMh hnkftl«l»
mmI «lli«r «in\«iiiii^nl« ti4 pM, \(mn\iw «» * mv«hi«
|W^«K tWtr iiliA»^irtt\iii \vt«r« aW n\m\\ »nM>
nHMil«JL«i«\l trwv^uritUhl^v >rtHry «*<wlly. Whtn
Mmvvtvn^ wtlh Hm ra«f«)Mnl, <m lMi«iim«rl
wiMk M> MW!^ Iti WH ilo A lh«>m, twl wHh wtetim,
In ^QMAM ^ftMr*« (K»y UmI <hMM mi i^xiiiimIiw
^m wit tt^ riiVsp ««*« wry Mrninrt imd imimiiM,
TMr imvwrxint Hi«iim wm ili« lii(»nlk>lioii <if
«i«il«t ^^ »)tv«% K«h)<4i iliwy »lk>fNl, «n IIm
•r«>« «f kMiMMt^v »h«iiM Iw iloM" Awty «tth«
•»« «Wh«mW«» (Wnhr tmtjr Moile of )H«r««dlii|t
wHk iirtxi wr* <ai mx xvauM Iw h» iniI ihmn (n
4«lM^ vtliHl UMf MMMhl Hi ImM« IHt iMAiUllilMI
t« HyU^ w«itM W Hi* (HMMfVittiM*. Thry
w«i« ii««t« Uiil tiM wMlmHtk^ «)iwr|«il xfHh
ttM tcmnwMNil «r UN W«tid h«d ii« frnut (•
thtr til* «&iMiiHt ***^ <^ (Itlnil** miich Vim ItM
MMfctiMK. wiHi whom \hvr w«f« «MiT«t«ing{
Iml M llifiy liNil mii«lt« mmilnr Mli<ifivntl«Mi«i„
Itm t'tiiiiiiiiiiiilillil tif UlP |iUi'(*. (hny itiny hiw
0iili«ilM(ni>«l III* li«»tN»t llmf Mitiit* ii'iirpi«i«Ht«iiim
mlttlil tit« tiimlM III llin miiHirltir ptrpriuun,^
WllMt Hiiillil lilititi'i* II In fri^Un llii< iil>irf4rttt mJ
lti<« tiiw ii|ImIii*I IIi«« Itnnti* In iiltiyt>ii. Tim (Imni
ofitiHilhiylMii Itii* iicUuiii'm Idkitii III itii*, iimIk,
(tmy (Miiilit iin wMt( n^ hInvhii, Ii itii MrKUMiiMi
wlili'li liN* lipi«ii iiinI tiy llii> NilviHtnlvii of iIik |
niiivi* timli*, IhiIIi wtilli* nidI lila«li« lliroiiglifiMi
Mil* wtiiiln i*«li<iil i»r Kill iilMvit i'iimmI, UiiI III
mIiHIiii* nf MiU mini IiiAiiiiihi*i Im(I1«* urn MjUfW
MWiiii* NK ltii«lf ii|i|Nim<til«, llml llin Hint* nil
Aftti'M n'««. All <lm moil tmrl, i«iigi<il fur iliJ
imfliiMi* of ultlnttilni |iiii>iiit(«r<i Iti lii« milil In ilif |
nlnvn ili<iili>ii< t Mil)! itinl mlimi ilii'nd me |iri
vi«iili>it iiiiiit«lti|[ ilioh Imilli't llii* iMliiitlpnhmii^*!
iif ltMM« WMMi Wliliili liMvo livftN |ir(i(tuviliri> of
•0 $}mi mi mitiiiiiil nf mlMiryi miil wlilrlil
Imifii d«>|MttiitiNl«it vmil rugliiin w iMjuiilryi wii
ttuvtnit ■ntlml (Vmti Clmw ImniMliif'Aly »n
\mU\\K n«li«iim*<l ^i•lll Urn iti*li»tiU(m cmmi'il tiy l)i«
Mii|i»iilv*a lii'lit w^ imtriimtiiit wrilh n llm* i»lMti
mill ilHllKlilfliT wi>Mhi*r flif (li« OhIM I<IIn(<>»,<
Till* iwiiMiitti iH'ovpit iimomiimtily ttlMmmil an^j
rtijiM, Mml itiir tnvnilil, tin Inimiir ■ii«l*i hid il«>
itvml nil Urn iNitipAt turn lli« viiytg* whitih limi
liMii miUHt«NliNt. niirliiji llifl ya ni gi Ihi wlmli I
wmi) Kn Dlnmly m to iiitMirAiNki Ih* m ^ mrt tiV nfl
I'ri'ltiil N (it|iMll| ofBlrmi tnliliiK in « MMl^Rwitint
Hiili I mill wr HrnVM II RmIhii on (H« fltl i^\t,
IHIIII, liNVliiK lionit nIimiiiI niily iiliii«(iy«i#i'Aiyi,
mill li««lii|t m)«Him|iUiilii>4 lliit nltj««l of (Im v«|r
ngii In Urn •ii(lr« MltaAitililoit of Mil IiiIi*ii>*IihI iii<
t liml li«>(«ii lliilliirinc mymlf, llmt tiy thnnnii*!
t kIiuiiIiI return (Wiin Afri(*ii, «fiiiio(liliiK of n ili'
rlnlvn vlmrAi^trr wtinlil liiiv« lMk«>n |>tiieii lit rrln
(Inn III uiiv nlViitrti j|||lti nii^nl OrltMJIi t (•lOii'i m
omiMllmi i>r (lit* vlrMlon lif lhi» rltftltn of nm
Irntd, mill till* tHitiaeoiiQiil rdUbiK lite i^ntltnrgti,
nr (li(i ituly hmmttllifil« all««riiiillv(«, WNr. I |N<r
e«lvtNl, li«tiv«v«r» «m Uniliitjt, dial iiAltliAr «>f
(ItPiK* rvniidi halt nn^iirrt'it. Tlif loUt mia|i<ini>iiiii
of Kit Imiliira* a( llio wlimvtia, anrt ttl^ gtnuim
i^tmilnnMiuH** of llioM \i'iio \v«|'^ nnncmiiitoiii''<l
(o liUrnpim, \vrit> lint loo <HinvUii>lti|i(, IliHt llt^iln
tiail iiol t«li«tt|«Hl fur t)i*i tiolirr (\\\t\\\i my mI>
aiiii(H». Ttic onlliiiry Imiilln of liuMiiOaA, iliit li«
otK^rflUiiMM, hail itlvoii utm*<« li^ n KiNrA\ynlli||[ Im-
ai>itvl(y, mid a aonihrt RinMHXttiig. that a into-
iiiUv, uprhaiw grtiater ihaii t)ia( InteiuM (<i li«
a>i»r(rit, itilvht rvKiiU (hnii |i«hUI1lijr In \m-
aiir(«« whlHi w«r« pniiUtoIng Itu^ti (int|N>)is «ii'l
dUaatlaftwUiMi ill (he niarUiiuo Jfkti of vhu m\\-
iiuinlly.
SMiaAoa Mial mtUku of Ui« JtHaniaAivoi, «m
or a «t»aakiiii» of Um qiiiIniiiui .waa Ukob *««*
to «0('ur. ami |MMM«aiiing iioiUiornMiaiM iojustify:
nor UiaiHUHkiii la auUiiiU io iuafiliviU. I ilui<c
nii»«Hl to yroofoil ti> liugland \ vmi, wUWut u;
I d«Ani(t ol\}oct, to plum iiij-aelf iit tha ourrani oi
ANM roMMKfirur. t.nti'HPtunfn.
DO
|trl«*fi(l wiUt N (•rcdii on t^mihm, niul hcchmi-
||Mitiii«l hf twir (Miiit|ianU(M«i« tvliotin olije<it wm
KiiiiUr to iiilHi*^ I (mik jMHtMKM itNnii lh«i mI'Hh
kr AoKMit, IHON, r«ir Ihlifnt. Owhif Ui Mlvifr««>
]1»ln(l«t (rtir pMdNKii mtut imtUrwn ami wn fii>i<Ml
lin r«*iii*li tliKrn lit lim(> fur tliA yiilnHMilfi (moIiiH.
[Ifiir* lliNii « fi*r(nlKlit «>liitwM( tMfwn tlittri* wm
ftl* |ikH«h), w(( hiwl iifiurMlint l<(iKiir« tttt \tminn-
in iif«i|ii«lntf(t wHti tliii loonlttlm (tf th« pUi'n
1(1 lit ItihnhUrititi. Any «t«tiM!rlptioN t^ (h«i
rinKf wttiilit ti« MfmrOwntn \ ■ntl f will m\j
liitnrk (if MiM lNll«r. mt^fmMft (hm ««i«rf n|i-
Minity wlil(<li I liM fif imnvwiilng «»lili tnt««l-
|l«lli |Wl|tll* Iml til tllll (IOII(l|ll»l(Ht, thNl lilH
lti<(tMN*i hMrwt of thf imrtlmin loyiifl«ilt(iiiMi<(l,
^iH vi||nnr, In tti#ir <1#m<miHiitiIii, niidlnilnlaliiNl
lnfMiA nf KmN, (If tHftiimiAlljf *in«i1ti>r«t>n|
MMtiM nf iHimninrflliii IntdriHinrMi. TIm M<liit'
I il«f« nf tM pnlillititi ritlatimtt nf ttm twit
jtriM may hiiv« np«riitii(l tn iirmtiiMi n
llfmilNllnii nf hiMtllfl funlintt which wnnM
iMy hNirt tiMiN tiippriiMMiil Tn lm« tmaMtt^
I nm II WM NO pliiiMi fnr • nllly^m nf thii
ki UUkim to |MM iil« Uin« in Mrmnhly.
n|tfNirlHnlly fKWiMntinc Itntiif hj « Ih-tar
Id for iiHitlMtii, wn lofl lUtifm on tlin lOtii
iptmnhnr, ami nitIvmI In thti (;lyilfl nn thn
•of Ootnhw, havlnc mwla niir dmmm In
iiilhn»Kli th« iwlty InnhMMtlon of tlio
in and tnala oaiMMl uo to fnar a illtfinwit
IniIhwIi wa had aliandant raaann to
In rwr Hood fortune In arriving at th« tinin
^Id I an, only a fitw davii aflnrward*, omnirrad
equlnoollal gala, whlah waa nnoommonly
», caualng auch a numlior of ahlpwracka,
^•uoli tOH of lIvMHt on thn eoanta of KnKiand
Francfl, an had nut ooflurriMl In any gain for
ig |Mrlod. Wa took tha eaay and Inda-
int convayanea of a pokl olialaa for London,
iro of alioiit four hundrad Mllaat and,
Ig tho hrig on the day of our arrival, war*
lyiNl to our doitlnaUon in fo«r daya, with a
of comfort and calarity auah u prolmbly
not ba oxparianead nl Iha tima In any
luntry in the world
Btfghout iha wholfl diatanea, onr way Iqr
rtdh tract* of highly'Oultlvatad landa,
ipted, at tntarvali, by naat villagea, and
ir» of vancrablo asiiect. Ooeaakmally, aa
a bird'i<«yn view from aoma hill, tha
Dna fomiad by tha neatly«trimniad hedgaa,
ixuriaat fartility of tha anolaaure, an oc
lal dump of traoa, and the rioh vardnre, aa
thaeya aouid raanh, gave to tha whole
ppearanoe of an linmenM and beautiful
There waa nothing remarkable in the
Ihnragh whioh we paaaed, exeepting In
I tioMeed n advertiaement over the
^n houae, atatlng, that 11 wm the boalneea
>o«mpint to abew alrmten the honae in
which Mir haae Newton waa hnm. Of Mm
larfrff low^ In onr ronte ware IfemfrhKi, Vst-
lialff, iVnt Nfiwark, A^ fh« latuv«Mniioln«
n nn* Oolhk heilral, a door rif whi«h balHg
open, W« pinered, for a few mlnntea, wMIe our
liorMMi w«ra changing, and h^ard a beautiful
(•haiii hy MomM young perfarniera, a«ieom|NMiail
hy a Rna organ.
Arriving at f^oniton, my (Iral «tf^t waa U*
atifmfaln iha rifMiit of tho avpeat in >he rntt #if
thi^ I'l-I^miiffi. It MpiMNvad that the agent of the
(<aptfira ImwI profNMMiil to rompromiaf , by ret«ra»
Ing one fourth tite am«i«nt of the prfieeed*^ on
ftoiidlti^in «if reHii(|nl«hing the proM«nti«in ofltw
Nplieal. Tfila propoaKion. after a eonmlttton
with that eminent lorlnt, i)r. Lawremte, waa ae-
i^M Ut, by bin advice « and I aewrrdinaly ra<
fi'ived iNitwcwn tbrfe and four thonaaad ibfllara.
for a property which coat forty«aeven tbouaami
Nve biindwNl ilollara. The thrt«>fomiba, et
twelve thmmand dollart, therefore, of my pro*
perty, dividifd among the Meet, wimid give to
the admiral a aiim nn nn anudl, a* wooM
luirdty indiiee liim, imn would think, to yiohite
the eighth r^mimandment.
The abimdanee irf freneh winee, trtileh ha4
lieen brougftt, In ptk»int Into Mymooth, aod
their nomwiiuent dfidttfriieaa, eotvhieed me of the
advantage wtdch wotM reaull fhrm a oaryo ti
tiieifi tahi>n to the f ale of I'ranee. While in (limbl
how I fjoiild a^iooriipliah tbia ofi^feM, f aerident-
ally met a friend, who ba^l )a*t arrived in a Una
kIiIii, for whieh he had no ft»ed denttnation.
ThU waa very hprnjm. On making known to
liim my viewn, and ofTering to take, irt% tnf ««■
cmint, one third of the aitventnre, with the
charge of the enterprke, he readily agreed lo H,
provkfed that a dearanoe tot than deatbrniiofc
oonid he obtained from the ei«alom<houae ft
liondon. Satlnfaetorjr information hoving beea
received on thia point, the cargo waa iniMO>
diately porehaeed. Whek the iMp waa naw^
ready to prooeod to Ptymoolh, to take il on
board, aome new eaehai ragulathm waa eato-
bUahed, whleh woahl piwvant oar otMhiing iho
ratpiliita clearanoa i and aa imwrmoa oaold nol
be efflMtM without tMa doeument, we wort
eompelled,tery reloetantly, to (rfye np the pton.
Tbia diaappobitmeot waa nrneh mitkated Inr
•ueh an advanee in the vatna of the wma, thtiy
an a reaah), the prtiAt on my third pert laag
mem than euffleient to defriy all itif oxpewat
in oulwpe, ineindhtg npwavdi of one hoMliM
ponnda ateyling for board, diedioal MtoiiiUnea,
ice., in a plewlajr, with whiah I waa aalaad al
Baeter, when on my wajr to Phmonth. TMa
waa the tint tlolent iOnaaa I iwd ever eapo*
rienoed ; and for aeveral days the whyiich M i bad
•ueh doabta of my reeovery, that he coMMered
it neoaaaary to appriao aqr Menda In IxMMlon of
my dangerona alloalion. To thetar Undneaa« hi
■ending a ihllAil and OiManl peiaon to taho
eareof BN^ 1 eonrider m yaaM indahlad fcr»/
leoovary*
ANM noMMKiuur. pntpupntnvn.
Wi
)t)i*lni<)i«, nnil t«li« ntf rliiintf frtt n fnvmtrilili*
tMltlf.
[frtPiMl wlitt N (•r(>«lli on IiOimIom, iiriil ncfom-
iMiiiMt hf (wo (•tititfiMnloMii* whoKK oltjeiit wm
|ftiiiill«r to titliii*, I (mih hMmmM ttHml llm mUldh
|«r h»nmi, IMON, r«ir llNlifiii. (Minf Ut mU*<rn*'
\^\niU, frtir pMndHiiii wm tMltfiMni ami w«t fullml
I In rMfti Uiurn In llm(> fur ttiA I'lilnHMitli iraolifft.
t(ir« ItiNN N fin'tnlKitt iiUpiiMl iMifmrit ttiMn wm
t«iih#r (t|i|H(rttinUy Air KMrnntii «n(f, 'lurinn
^lU |i(tH«Ml, wit hwl nhtinilint l«iliiMr« bit \tt^fuu
ii(*i|«iiilntfil Willi ttt« Inffullilm (if lh« ulncn
Hi iiiliiiMditili. Any d«HM<ripli'iN nr (tin
inur wdiiltl ti« »ii|Mirfliiniiii i «n(i f win nnljr
Ininrk (if Mm liiKiir. Kiin(iriill)r« (hut «f(irf np.
Um\if wliMi I liM (If mnvtirn\n% wHfi Inti^t.
|i(intili> IpiI in Uifl (londliMlnn, tlrni thn
i«<(tf(i«ii fmlrfld nf lhi« iMrtUiin InynllnU ii«lii(f<«l,
itl vipcinr, In tYi«ir ildnrMidiinlii, iinillnilniali«Hl
llm lii|M«« (if ttmii* (If IHfliiinAlly umiitWiriillni
iin(*« of (•nmniffrnliil InldriMinrMi. Tlni ntlirt'
iilAfii (tf thfi pnlltlffitl r(ilfltl(Nii (if tliff twit
ilrtd* may hata (t|i«rat«i(l tn iiriiiluflff a
Ifdalallnii (if liiMtlta faallnt* wtinh winiM
b|y hatt Innim iiipprnMNid Tn imn (HKiHlng
I liMt tl WM H(i plana fitf a oIliKdn af tha
a4 llataa to |nmm lit* tlma tn agriwalil)'.
(•litNirtnnttx iirfMinllnK Itiidlf tiy a htit
for iodtland, wa lafl Mallfaa tm tlia lOtli
iptantlmr, atttl arrWad tn ttia (;lxdft nn ttia
tof Ootntiar, havlni mada our na*Mn In
f, althnBKli tka liaily Infllirtation m ttia
In and tnata nauaad ua to faar a diffarant
lnd(iad| wa had atiandanl raamn tn
I In Q«r pHtd fnrlnna In mtIvImk at ilia tinin
[414 1 a», (inlv a faw dava aftarwanU, iNiciirrnd
ai|uln(iotiai fala, whicli waa iinoiminKinlx
Jra, cauiing aucti a nurolier nf ahipwracka,
rfucli lou of llvaii, nn tha aoaatt of HngUuta
yrnncff, aa had not ocwurrad In anjr gala for
|iari(id. We took tha oaay and Inda*
int cotivoyanca of a pohl olialaa for London,
iw» of aliuiit four liundrad mllaai and,
Ag the lirlg on tha daj of our arrival, war*
»yod to our dintlnatlon In fonr dnjra, witii a
of oomftrt and «al«rlty auoh •■ prolmbly
1m exparlanead at tha tima In any
luntry In tha world
jhtnit iha whola distanea, our way lay
rliAi tracta of hij|hly-«ulUiratad landa,
ipted, at tntervali, by naat vHlagea, and
• of venorablo aa|iect. Ooeaaionally, aa
a bird'i<«yn view from aoma hill, tha
una fomiad by tha naatly«trimmad hedgaa,
ixurtaat fartiliiy of tha enobaure, an oo
lial dump of Iran, and tha rioh verdnre, aa
thaeya aould raaiih, gave to the whole
^Appaaranoe of an linmanM and beautiful
There waa nothing remarkable In the
thfvttgh whieh we paaaed, eioeptlng In
•re I tioMeed n advertiaement over the
^ft houae, elating, thnlH wu the boaineea
■t lo abow atrmften the honae la
whtrh Ntr him Nawtim waa timrn, Of Oia
larftn I'lW^ In (iiir rfmta ware fftnnfrWw, i'm-
tl«l««, f'cnt N«wark, A(^. Tha latwc r«Nlain<(
n nn* Oiiiti^ tiadral, a diNnr of wtil«h batng
open, w« cinariMl, Un a few niinntaa, wMla our
Ikicmi* w«r« nhanfiing, and heard a baaiitlfnl
ctiaiit I7 nomn yimag p*tknm«r», aiMnmipMlad
tiy a fl na organ.
Arriving at l^ondon, my Aral i$h^i waa Ut
ani-KTialn the ritixilt of thn avpaat in ,lha r aa« of
th(4 'Mitmnms It appeared that tha agent of tha
Mtfimn liad propoaed to rompromiaf , by rat«r«»
Ing one fourth ttie amount of tho proeaMlf^ on
«*oiii!i(ion (if rallii(|nlahing tlia proMentifm a»l4a
Np|»aal. Thia pr(ipoiiiti(m. aflar a eonaiiMtion
with that eminent inrlst, Vr. Lawrenre, waa ae«
M^M to, tiy tii< advice > and f aeoordinnlv n»
I'clvml iNitwcon tlirce and four thonaand (hJlara.
for a nropertv which oott firrty«a«vefi tbouaano
Nva hiindiVMl doltara. Tha threa-fnurtba, at
twelve thmmand doiiara, tiierafora, of mv pro-
perty, dividitd among the fleet, would give to
the admiral a aum ao vcrf emtdl, aa would
tuirdiv inihifre liim, (ma would think, to vlohrto
tha elghtti Hmimandment.
The atiiindanee of Freneh wioM, ulileh 1m4
iHMni lirottglit. In prkum, Into f^ymouth, aad
thdir ronacfiuent «)ht<>ifrui>aa, ce olne ed me of Mb*
advantagn wMch wMid reaUlt ft-om a oarao td »
tiintn taki^n 10 the lale of Vranee. While in (bmM
iiow I r!oiii(l acoontptlah tirif of^eet, I aecidant-
alltr met a friend, who had Jait arrived in a Km
Riilw; f(A' whieh he had no flxed deatlaolioik
Thin waa ntf i prnpo*. On mafeinx known to
iiim my view*, and nfTering to take, rm my •«•
count, (me third of ttie adventnre, with iho
(itiarge of the enterfFriae, he readily agreed to H»
provkled that a (^naranoe far that deatinaiioil
oonid he otitained from the «i.atom<ho(iae tit"
liondon. Satlafaetory inlnrmatton hoving been
recelvfld on thIa point, the cargo waa inuM*
diately pitrehaaed. When (ha •M^ waa m»^
ready to prooeod to MjmMmlh, to take it on
board, aome new aaelta t«guUrtlon waa 6at*>
bUahed, whIeh woaM piwvent ear oMohdnc llio
re(|nlait« elearanfle 1 and aa hwwMoa oaaM not
be efeetM without thia doenment, we woro
aoaapelled, very ralnetantty, to gke up the plM.
Thia diMppointnrant waa Mndi mHkated hv
■ueh an advanee In the vahie of «he wfne, tht^
On n reaale, the prMt on nf third pert laig
more fhan anfRehnit to deftrmr all mf wptrntt "
in Buivpe, lneln(Hitg npwavda of eno IrawliM
MNnda atorlinff for bonfd« fliedloni Mtcmnneo^
4te., hi n plenrlajr, with irUaii I waa aatoed al '
Bxeter, when on my wajr to PhriMMth. TMo
waa the drat violent IllMaa I md ever ««m«
rienoed ; and for aevcral 4«ya tke nt i yilcl M mnI
•uoh doubta of my reeovary, that he tmMimt4 ""
it n ee eea ar y to appriao aqr Mando In IxmmIoo of
my dangerona altoation. To thdr hindnflaa« hi
aendlng • 4UMil oad Ofldent peiton to toko
eareof HN^ I oonalder myaalf ladMMod %titmf
00
Aiwut Uw middle of March I had rMOTtrad
m fitf 11 4« V ktife Itf |n to ttoiHtoH hjr (i«i)r
«l«m Ml fbtttid mjrMlf MMdi beiiMllid 'bjr HM
jMMi«f. But belWMn t«h> Md ^iTM montha
W«M hKniirM Irt fMnitt my itMngni •iiffldmi«lv
lo attend to buainoM. At tha end uf thU fierlod,
iiivia| 96 Ht raeoraradl ac to be ready (br new
idirettlttrei, and tMiveWIng that great prollt
«wdd be derifed bjr taking a cargo ftron Hol.
land to tba United Statei, I determined on
daktUff at «(lbrt to aMo-npttdh it. But to gnt
to lloUand, at thd time, waa not an aaajr matter.
The rigorotti meamirei which the Ckmtinental
power*, under the control of Napoleon, were
compelled to adopt tor the Interdiction of all
latereouraewlth EiigUiul, prevented anjr chance
of luoceaa In attenintine it in the regular and
ordinary iray \ and tnc lUinger was great in try-
ing to elude tlie vigilance of the harplea, who
were every where on the watch \ hut the object
■aemad to be vrorth lome riik. With thete Im-
preMlona, and aeeowpauied hy the flriend who
waa aaaoeiat^ vHth me In the trarchaie of the
wliie at Plymonth, w« eontracted with the Bkip*
per of a Dutch dihlM-^naek to land u* on the
eoaat of lIottauML tie v.eather wai very line,
•ad the aea M awMlh, that there was no tm-
paditneiit, fhMa Mm aurf, to kndlng any where
alMf the ooait HivlHg approached the ahore,
attd walehed for aome time, without hearina any
noiaa» or leetng any patrol, we landed Araut
eleven o^elodc In the evening, having been In*
■tructed by the ak^ffer what course to take for
the Btllle. Bach carrjing a little bundle, we
NMKla oar way slowly and cauUously, in the
dlrMkMi advised, over the uneven sand-hills,
whhbttt i«ad or path, and In constant apprehen-
slOM of being challented by the patrol, until we
aivtved so nMur the Brille aa to hear the Clock
sttikie two, and the watchmen announce the
hour. We th^ eoncaaled 6urselvM tu a hollow
ef Nm sami* tiril waited the approach of day.
Aa tlii AaWA began to break, ire were starred
by a tvaaii^llag aovuid approaching ui \ whether
It wia a j^atroTor not, H waa neeeMury to ataH
up, to av^d being trodden on. Oar relief vraa
CMt oft diaeovortng that It wia only a hof
^■1 aaue cows to paatote. The boy vraa
giMatly alamed at the sight of two men anerg>
Mg ftoaa the hoBow of the sandbank, at inch an
hMrt bvt<wa looii ^tdeted him, and obtained
llitaa Idm very ttiaftal dbaetloM Ibr tnAiw the
tavartt. We vreia reoetvtd ucttetdariy wett, ooth
bgr tha landkwd and hla wtte, who were oi^oeed
ta aaaa ai ea so itdM»«a to their bMlnesa, and,
eOMae^lliMtly, were ^'Orr riMy to aid itraimera
Ift a aywa;^. T hey pro^detmrw a nioet «xed>
taut tnankiti the laBaH fbrvrhMh can be beat
taaglMd bfittMa wh» hsve hiA a afaBBarpte.
paianeM. WMi '^MFHpn ■Hi^M Mv iwast, we
iW^ we hai boei dMHad *li^ ttM laoHlord,
mH which "waa itonflagvllig for tha
Wa w«Rt on biNirdi MMMig the knaaa of
OI.BVELANt»S VOYAOEI
bMi«di,«f tb
aiaJrtIa
gerv, and were conducied without molcststion
to Amsterdam. We immedtatffly perceived tli« |
tfte d llB n e m ie in the felallve nrices of thn «^.
Innrts of Holland, there and in the United I
States, WM great in proportion to the rtnlwr.
rassments which had existed In that commero«i
and as the British had given notice that i
bloekade would oommeaee on the 1st of July,
this diflbrence would neeessaiHy be Inereaiai
The Inducement, therafbra, to get a oarpo on
before that time was very great t aml,-wrthii
purpose, Unusual exertion* were mada for ui bj
an Induential mercantile honsO) nMoh w«ftl
crowned with success. A ship «it>ilMHrt«r«d,[
loaded, and dispatched for New VMt hafore tin
blockade commenced. Bhe ■ M vl ea d ^lern iij
•afoty, and our antielpatlona woNfotty raoliNt|
in the result of the adventtne.
Having, as I expected, met my ftlend 8hal«l
at Amsterdam, I waa Induced to givi «p takhi|l
passage in the sh^I had chartered, in order til
execute a plan upon whieh we had agreed, anjl
which promisedlin immense result; but this w
were afterwardi uafattttnately compelled u
abandon, in consequence of the cemmned oh.
atadea, in addition to tha bMi«dik.af the i»i
vaaion of tha Beheldt by
under Lard Chatham, and eC«(
In Holland.^ ThI* *eemed4»MMaaU prasp
of egresa Ibrinei excepting by Imdy and lad i
to regret not having avaBed myaetf of the fla
opportunity t had possesstd for returning hoim?
in the ship I had difepatehad for Maw York
Fortunately fbr me, at thla parioa,. ofur miniita
to France, Goderal Armstronigi waa on a visit ti
Holland, and, being > deaiiotta of leadlntt il»
spatches to the United Btatea, oMalaed liis i»i
lease of the ship Monteiuraa ojf Baltimoia» fn
the eflbct of the embargo \ and she was imn
dtotcly dispatched fttr thai city. In thla ihirl
took paosaga as bearer of hla exeelleney'a
spatches. The shl^ being in ballast, there
iated no cause of osolestation fh»m Briti
cndaers t from one of whkh, a frigate, we
boarded soon after leaving tha parti A«
that an embaigo esiatad in Hidland, tha '
lag oflhser deafiad to be iafonnad, why we
r^Msed from It* elfoeta f Tha ciqitain rc|i
" Bt ^edal permlaatob ot govamiment^ gruMil
at the reqveat of the Amerlean mtetoter^ to tib
deipatcha* to the Uaited Btatqa, and," poin^
to me, *• there, *lr, i* the hearer of hla exci^
lenoy** deepatohe*.** He tfien de*ired n«i
accompany the captain of tha MmitoaunM
board the fHgate, and take-owMi >«• the
apatches. Thla I declined. He then pro|i
•endfaig ^ deq^aialiea by tha captalM. Thit|
refrtsed to do ; on vrtddi ha threatanod toi
compuMon. Dartag thla al t areatie n the i
hid nearM na, whan Am oflker haBad sad i
tiw eaplBfai. ttMt Mierawaaal
daapaHdM vk hoard. •• Biirif I
aHnar itoHai.* «*'Hb fa ha iiiriB*Milhar
AND COMMBUCMT. BNTBRrRISBa.
raw Ml ^MpaldMi mm kMV* Mt Mf, mmsI lif
|«om|NiM«i." ** ThM M blm Niajr mmI to
-d," WM tlie ebarantcriatitf tifHy. Tb*
ip'i papcn having undergone the ordinary
liny, and iMtng found to be in ordar, w«
permittad to procead on ow vojraga.
The paaaaga waa long and boifieroin, and 1
•afhrad graally fhini tha effaott uf a biliotn
r, eonaeqnent, probablf, on too aarljr an ex>
to the damp atmoipbere of Holland, after
Knrare picwriiiy in England. We arrived at
ItimoM on the 3d of Noveinher, and aa I wat
feeble to proceed to Waahington with the
I delivered tiiem to the collector of
ouatomi to forwMrd. After staying a day or
■I Ddtlniore to raeruit, I proceeded, by
■tagea, to my long-deaired home, at Lan*
■r, MaaMchnaetta» and arrived there on the
I), greatly emaciated, and in feeble bealtk
CHAPTER XX.
•tale ef peeaniary aflUira.— A mWimt eli<
ata aieiiMwy fMr rMtoralian of ItMllb.— Voytgv
rW a plaa . - artillant pnwpMita — Dnplaaaaiit ru-
mn. Mat— te and eonAiaatiwn.— EsigeneiM of
> Neapolitan gatat u— n <. T lw prMent aaianra
IHMMad wMh lUt at Tottola.— Visit to Bomm.
■torn to Mtplaa.— Fortunala dlMppointnanl.
irabaaa of Im Nancy Am*. — Sail from Napln.
^hasa by aa Bnglhh oraisar.— Diiappointnianl
a Captain.— Arriral at Lisbon.— PlaMd under
in|o. — Important apoeh.— Bmbarao raiiait.
»|Mrtnr« mmi Lisbon.— Voyam to Pljnonth.
fata In cho Sound.— Qnarantioa.— Arrival at
loo*
month! had elqiaed between my
Boston for Halifax and my arrival at
m. During that time, althongh my
In bttiiness had been impeded by iiok>
I had, neverthdaas, cause to be satisfled
prapesa I had nuule towwds retrieving
tH. Bat ay coastitution had received a
I which it wovM raqnire Mme and care to
>t awr was it deemed prudent that I
risk tiM ailiBet of our rigorous climate
;the ensuing winter, but seek a more
la the south. Aa my finaaoes were
aa ebb to do this without combining
aslnass, that wouM oifcr a prospect of at
iag my mpenses, It wm dMireble to
soma plaa which vrould unite the two
firom the rigour of the Couti*
was bagiaaing to be maallestrd.
j<«f Maplaa had opened his ports to
iedMiMioa, and wkh such anMaranoe of
"I, tlial iiisuranea oa adventures there
«4iMM al a reasonable preaaiMnk A
laMiiplai waa therefera dedded oa t aad
la aomjMiqr mUk a friend, I
di|iper>bu)]t schooner Maria, of
7
9\
board a valaaMa aargo if vaHaaa kinda of aiar*
ohandiae, belongiag to aMrehaota of Boaton, oa
condition of reoeiving half the poite in Ilea of
freight.
On the 3d of Decemlier, 1809, oalv oaa
meath from the day of my arrival at Baltnaora,
I OMiin left my family, aad sailed from Boston,
in the Maria, for Naplea. We arrivod there la
aofetv, after a very pleaaant passage, and, aa
usual in the Mediterranean ports, were iniTse-
diately subjected to quarantine. The infomaa-
tion I received from the merchant to whom I
had letters waa very gratifying and aatisiselonr.
It appeared i^m this, iliot there was no articM
of which our cargo wa« coropoaed that would
not yield a profit of an hundred per cent., and
some much more. The prospect, therefore, of
making a brilliant voyage was vary great, not*
withstanding our numerous competitors i for
there had now arrived, within a period of thirty
days, between thirty and forty vessels from the
United States, allinad, like ourselves, by tha
flattering prospect presented on ilrst opaaing
ttie port, wliich had been so long dosed to
neutrals.
While feeling ourselves in perfect seeurity*
and making thme calculationa on a great rmmlt
which the direct and well-founded infonnatioa
we had received warranted, and whaa only
about two thirds of our term of qoaraolinf had
expired, we had notice of there bring raiAoura
in the dty, that all the neutral properly in port
would be confiscated. Theae rumours wcra
soon after followed by the aeiiare and aale of tha
cargoes of those vessels whose term of qoaraa-
tine had expired. Capturea, oonflscationa, aad
liurnings at sea, had all been experieneed, hjr
my countrvmen, by the order of Napoleoa, or at
some of his satellites. But to lavite Motrda
into port, with the aasuranoe of proteetwn, aad
then vtrip |hem of all their property, is a ref i^
meat in villanr, in meaaaaas, in haseaasa, bi
treachery, wortbv only of the barbarotts tffft,
and of which the civilised world aflicrrds na
parallel. There could exist no doubt, that my
vesael and cargo were deiUaed to share the fata
of those mentioned, at the expiratioa of IIm
quaraatine; yet ibay neither uidMBi tha 9$li$t
uahung the rudder, nor took any other praaaattoa
to prevent an eacape thaa to place a gi|»4NMl|
at the mouth of the harbour. As we Mf la tba
outer liar of vessels, la a tttf bvoarabla dtatf
tloa tot golag out, 1 should not have ha>fta<od
making the attempt but from the anati^ottoi^
thai, ui tha case of bttwa, th« iosaraoea aroold
bevitlated. The diance wai aa fodr to oae i»
getting clear ; yet, from the ooosidenilioQ abova^
mentioaad, 1, with jrdaetaaca, gave it ap.
The govemmeat was so pressed for money,
ia order, as was gawnlly uipposML t<|. daftag
tha eueasai of a pn^aetad aipe^o to Uli.
bria, tW, iA sevarat Instanam^^ydid^
wait for the regular azpirlttaB of the qnanuriiae^
^
M»in« (yi^ »|!lH'(»JtHl««|!t « •««. ♦'«•• ♦l»»lii*lm? »f
Hi»l««h wwM \w licnU* ♦»♦ KM IntHtlflMiil. thrt
♦<»|««fl»t!t<HttMhtMi««tn'l, l»i \\\r> h«Ht ltt»rtJc»l tttiiti-
«!«*«« WiHMf»-t »«iy ti'^M'l nw\ irttjit* wfrt* tnk*"!!
fH)iM m% m\\ ♦<«♦♦ «•♦»<»» M tprflit* |t'»«*w ^M ♦'♦••»<
itU VhH' V»lt»«l»i»llj rmH«. I* M utrntlt »« fKTmtr
HftH^ «h«». rtx •'rtmU«H U nff(Vi«hlp Ht t'litMtltifr
— M A M»< ♦hU'f ♦<» rt ♦»i>nthtMt«»^«»Hf, Iti Ihi*
tt»Ht «^«ft ♦l«lMr W HO |»ti«*tlt(tt|t«M »f rtiHMttun
w\\*f> ^\\\\ mmmi'M ltnn»»«»v, h» t«wk»ttu; fttr n
«Uh«<<>« «h»I «if tPtt, 0»n i>n"»«» W |tti\)«iti|tvt(, NM«I
W<»([»W thP WH«\Mt»H»«»»» UMlAMTtil itH|1IWMl of lii«
h»i 1^Hh«»ur, Ky »!»«» ht!i«li«Mtt r«u»ltlHj of llir
H« M«MH h««l Ui»l tl\« mi«vi»l nMifUftf to
' v» |M'<rtV»iHn|t th* iUshrtn»»«r AiwX InfAmjr nf
' ■» . /WHl»'lw»-y. mu'h xJoUHoh i»f gnod frtlth, <»»
f/th> ^n ^v<^¥ «<»>«(mHii (»f )Mt<i<ifi«<i(tt|t miMiy Mr-
UmA " th<^ t«v«ivt»v i» M gtiilty MS th« thii>r."
ll*tiMg no^^ m> «>(ltri I'lUv «tf |tn«|«(>rtv tltmi
iMf iMt imm«HlMitte it)t)K)rtunHy ^>t (hn UitUptl
BtehM« I «»^|>li\yv«) n\jr Um«> itt vUlthtg thn tut-
v(ttt^«)& I UwM«t«nl t«t Rotn«« where t {MiMeit ««•
VMM tTMiiK (MhI Ktd *n i>|t|HwtMnttv Wt seeing
iHike i«««l 4lt|«eis n^Attnuiton. whk-V hMve (treti
o k w wtA t«it m ranitv «?T*ntniie«, ntiit*tn«H(
iiMiU llhe w«)l« «yr the KtimMl tUlv t «ni( «U»
eltMUwg INwtU iFVeMAti. \c, All of ^hloh
l^et (Mid v>Meot« h«ve lHH>n ro iN'iieAieilly Hn«l
irall A e »c HKcd » hy |m>«pMe«l «tiihm«Mt«l tiit^rAry
m*««(tWih hentii^tltei^, thai *i^ eKieiuteil m>
cMMi Were \«MHiUi Ite su)wi-Auo(i5.
On Nty tHttnt to Nejplet, I f\Mto<l lh«t Ronu>
MTMi^ment «it)\ the mtremmeut hftil lt<vu
vMAeUjr C«puin iMiHelu, of the nhin Murgeret
«f S«Vmm« hy vWtth Um* tecitel wouU he |i«r*
iillteil t« pKwt!«it to the Unite<\ State* «• »
< ArM i Ml) I w«s r^oice«l *( l4ie |V>)<)«(^ct itf to
t't*yi»»t/tMh'w frifi^fiim
Hf nnt^ trtwie nn «|Hitii » unity nf rMttftiinn hmn#
llnrltin clmfliMif H fiiliti«M«< iHfMliftHtt «ir l»i.
tlrtt* it(fi««flii'htrM. I |impM«w| III ('Mitfiiln Ptiif
HHii (n |my lilm nti «iMti<iiiiill|r liiptli frH)^li) rr.>
Ihftn t liiif fi'imt (ltt« MfiiircltVtMtMh (Imf thoir
tmnMHty Ht»nl»l firpjurtlw llif tmle «if liU n*,
lMte<i»nirt»f mon. Himi w«itl»l lie («ll^^nf•^f| i.,
imr motitint of fri>lKl«t Hmf I iviiilil nffunt m
|mj-. ht' im-iMWelr «l«'««lhletj. Mt »IH»j»|»«liifin»irt j
nM T^j-jr irrwt j fttr, If I miMHl HiU ohjviMh
oMr. tlifir w*«i tio ri'ffnlMfr iif rnif nfliPt fur «i
Innjt lirtlittl t t»«I, linvldt tHhi'M l'hrtrt»« of Ih*
pro|ift-tT Iti l|tl^<tHo)t, U wotild l«nti> lipnn ij
iofrti-li of (i-Mut fti ito WUIioiil; i(. 1'liOHf whol
t-eto«*iolii<f \\w iiinlrtM«*iiMly fnt«* of ttoif <ltlp, niiij
(«»r»'H¥e lh»> iirttTlilfiillnl eftrH|ie tlmt I fxiw
lintM-ml. RItp WM UlWfl «t «MI. A pilft of Kn
oieo Ao«l imMeMtPM wi'i-e ftwyjwl In the Imm.
nflet- gtent nollVf l»ig i n y»H iNtriihe«l ott tu?
whMiV. nml n f>«w mnv rp^»«oe(l f»'o»M it wIim
\wt\y e<|tlH«tt.
TIml I foltthi not ht^MtM^rlr «lMfHtif« of n f»
«o»ih'e ftir R«*ltl*(i nwny, t liiul fnkeil the ptf
CMtlHoO (0 ert^Hf>?0 liOHftHM fHf k liMiMt tirttir*
to hite It vi'Mel liMf for tliMl ttlAMIi tlii^ lo<
nhltcd n few «lity« ufit'i- my finlitH «f uticw*^
wlih l;it|ilnlrt Pitirlti'lil \ Mtiftt Heltig (itoviiir
olth the miiilKitp credit to etmhttt m« to tmptli
lleeiiee to ntUitMfiige, I piir«iliMe«l ihelifig timn 'n
AttM (one of the ««<tm|poineil Aoierienii »e«iM»l«i
«Mil lontled het with h enrgo of wlw, mw «iH
U»i»»oHfe, n»(M, Ae. fhf tionthm. ThH men wW
I eot|ttoye(l l«i ttnvliMtliig Ihli ^¥§n^ were \m
Ro iHRoy (invett from the fitilf^r!(i||i emiiied hy ii«
liMs of tite Mnrgiirel. No oltitMHe ha«|ng 1)^
fHit ill tIte WA)r of tlie IffdlHg Mnd dettartiirc ^
(lie Neitey \iiii, wp Riiited not iitilny dMy* iifl
(lie Mnri^Aret. Otir pMRNite down tlie MerlMfi
mnetot wm vert mnnoth mid ideftMiit. Nothn
oeiMirted to vnrjr Itn nionotoityr nntU wn
|mtei>hed the slmits of t)iliriiltar« when Mrlr.i
It very floe oinrniiig, we oliserved • venel tut
emtwAnl, under M crowd of Mil, M|i|iiiren(lyl
chn«e of ih t nnd tlie wind lieing ver)r lighl fn
the eestwAitt. Wlien the hull lieemne vixii
we |ten>eived thnt n |tun wm oeeiMinniilljr flr
hilt we (vctit nn onr now^e nutll the Nflerini»'|
when she hnd so neiireii ns, that her •lint f
within i cAhle> length nstern. Wu then rxtmM
to. A iNMt WM liniiiedlAtely Mnt to tekf ■
unfl nty )m|»ers on iMturd the hrig^of-wnr ; l<
foich WtK the veRiel tlmi hnd hneii chMiiiK w\
long. When the mighty nmn niiw t!ie doi>iitH'<|'
hy Authority nf which I wnsiereeued front Knf|li|
(t^rti"*"*!""*. iti>d which eniiimttcd frnin the »«
Kource arIiIr owniHtntinisRiou, end, (NNiiei|ii«<niK
thet he conid not molett u«t he 0Mra««<l
•wore Ht A treinondniiii raiei itt our tafvtng^ii^
MtUI, M) nnneeenitrily led him io f^rt^iit^'"
wny. Tlie Ainericmit, he oiiMna
more trouble thitn nil other i
ftnd tbr (hat which we hi4 ,^__,„__
•wttre he would Rend ttt to ipMV^^
hasty ortter wni then giviMt irrnHnr to H
'0
Avr> r»ivf%f«hfiMr P.vtnHPnintn.
n
|l»MiMmi nf ttmt ttiront, llnl whf»n tlif Ornt
«llfti<tN nf fmanlftn Nwl |MMmI, aftd tfflu (irn-
llilf rtN-Jiffwl Ihf dortnw f»rf mf tnakinK nrt
|ilr. N tnnmnnl'* tH\^riUt» tnnvitn^d him Ihni,
Ml Hotnv, lift wodlfl infiir (hA rink tit Kortif
n ptitt*. iifiitcrrUttt'. yrrjr r#i|iiH«fiMjf, *li«-
iwl «• tri flMrMl^ (inr rotifw, whilfl h« j»frt-
kIwI 1« »n nMHfikiff lUrfHinn.
^(■Wh*?!! fiff <»ft f«»Pt» f»f ljl(»l»Mfi, hrivlrif (hft
ml Nl««>iMt< iin<l n |>ilM ImlriK >*'>Ar /it hiinri, f
iclttdrit fn i«fi(«tr Ihf Tnkmm^ nnd *ri«iri r^umft to
htifir Dfiir tft M(>l(>m (.'Mtir*. Thin Minn an Im-
Mnt pfwii in tli«> nnriMU of tiitiitm. 'tht>
Ifffh iirtn)r< itfidor Mniiiir>nii, mfrf iwlvunHnc
Ih R Hirifldarififl itiMiircd hjr the nHinowl(>fl(tf^
itR Rtid HivRflnhln iiit(?r(Mi« tit iitfit ottnt-
likr. tii« f*«mMiiMl RnKliRh ntiii VnriHf(tn>»«
ImiI, i]«M«rvii(li)r« lift iMf (tmiflflAfin^ In th«
Rti«l in(r«|fi«litv t4 th«ir rommnmW, filr
knr W^II^!^l••Jr, whfKW Un*t <»f Mt'lttm, Rt Trrf-
iVHlrtA, (Miiild im fffTcrtl ntilf Rt t)iA intmi-
I fUk (if diMtraotimi to th(« InvRtlinK Rrmy.
thff oti|Kiiiin|t «ftnl«R r«!mR<riA(l in hftKtil(<
f, tlM> IfihRMtRniR nf MilKin w(<r« engRf^fd
ft|iHrlnK ih«ir fnoRt ftlnihlff i>ffr>ct«, in rrrdAr
mt tli(*tn an tiORrd nf (he MiMtinh Rhip^ rif
I •! R inom(>iit'R ndtlrfi ) Rml tItRt nh nir«n«
Inn tliffir pTfiiinHy mlKht tie n^idrntmt, an
rR«) wns laid on all vMsoUin ptnt. Attnitn
mI in thlR critical itata alioiit ten dajrs,
iHfnrmatlnn waa rMeivad that Maafiena
liafiirdinR an aaaaiilt, liad ahandoned
and had ba|iin Mr retreat. The em-
Ii in eo Mm w a iioe, wa* immndiatelf raiaH i
lNtH|MMIltf mmI pflaM wero reakirad to the
ilanla. Ill ik$ tnean time, the eomtniaRarjr
ttmj liad *Milie<l to pnrchaa* th« wine
a mK of oif rarKo t i,nd it waa dia-
of to him vfiry ailvantufioiiRly. Having
a foriniKliI at Llalion, i took advantage
knvoy iKMind to England, cf about a doxen
titented hf a frigate. Arriving aa/ely in
liinnel, 1 parted with them in tight of the
inti Md went into i'lynKnith, while thejr
td ttieir oonrae to the oaatward. Tlie
wa« oiie of uncommon Miverity i and the
it violent nlea were tei7 deatmetive to
ing. We had been Mehorcd icaroety
mir houn In Plymouth road* liefore f x-
ig a gale, which n«arl| provwl fatal to
Id erew. We loat two anchors } and, but
I adroit manaf^mant of a akllfnl pttot who
iiainni on lioard and conducted ua to an
ibarboiir« the voyage wciulil have ended
analy.
hoped, that« aa retpeoted myielf, the
> wouM terminate here, itnd that I tbonld
ieved Ihiro further winter nav'gation in
iih:I< Ncliap^it waa iieccMiaiy that the
liabould ptooew to Ijpndon, before whi<:h
»uid ' be obHfaii to paea some day* in
tlM ai I taw d ga te Creek. It appeared
i!«|i|Pi^i|iaf been lo long at Liabon,
nttd liRving v*»frfilaf^»l thf »hip, ir/ di^rhargrng
Ihf fiirtk <if Iho rnrftn, txif ftm r^M»inf*»g m¥
htitth tit \itvf at f'lymotifh, ^oiiM t^n/f f a /firrf-
fiMh R »l(iy tit fho ri<im>rrr prrv-frhnd Itir v^m^Ir
tttim lUf MfilHftritntnn. W«» fiRtten^/f, ^^*t^-
tiTt>, Ut nrttvf iiirrf, Rod nitft-t't^nl wifhmit ihtl
ttft-utr^nrt^ tit Roy mi^hRfi. Itt thin frnly AtPUff
filRfC, in r'»M winf<'r wr>»ithAf , Rnd wif hotrf * rtfe
in Ih^x-aMn, I wm t-nm^fifA KipRMf^n day^of
rnoff far^ly prtit^tfnn ihntt I fvttt Pupfti^nc^
hfttitf. fb^ day of o»ff f<'I*«R»* ttnm tW« d^-
ffif flfile \i)ntf WRR tinf tit jiifriW »o all on hoa^d.
The vt>nM'\ Rfid rafK*^! mt't^ d^-Hv^rffl to IM
n^^ni Hi f /ondon, wherf I remain(>d throngh the
wirif*>f,
riHArritR xxi.
Mrtf^tiMw /if n vfnim} nnA rmntt. — ff^rtnfR tnt (/»•
f>rfi»m((«'n,— Wroofc tit ih« rimml tm /ihWhI,—
i)iim nnA ftttgo niir^/i. — ittintmty nf ifiA MttiMf*
Rfifd. — X^iwifp t\t fh* onrpfrt — IfR ttAtmm.'^Mfrttti
R( <'tiptttihiif(tin.~ VftifitnhU tmhmt (he e«rfa.«^
Hh\pwti>f1i n tmtnnfittt <ivMyf,— YAjfap) ft* fUga
and hoftlr.— fr«i|ib(R Ia fittfflnntf.—Yfat wUh tm
f 'niM RtRfM. — lOmnnm (Wr r«>matnina in ft^ittijm,
— A «>Rrgft prnfnf»^ ttttn Kd^rinI, — iKi arrival a(
f/m*nh<i||nn, Rnd Mtcn/* rh«rR— f'rA«r«rtirtatt*i»<
— l/ntim«ly tiitimm tit tiatffit — V««wffl ttnMn ip.
— NflpnlAnfi's fliMRian Mmpntgn, — Rfnafiefpatlon
of Knrrrpd. — HopM ftf r Rff«««*«^i1 atfvMtnra i)#r-
RffoyiMl. — Vtiti in MRflnbtifgb.—fiR brtmbarihueat
fj/ (h* Fr«neb. — ttf»*» /i*tmi€m, — f'RpHiiltt«AW/~*
ThR victor R bMiRfMl. — Jnntfi^f tn Ph^k/m.
C'lnmRT onflfRyRnc*.— ArrivRl at HnrAminn.'^
fVHioRf'R WRler-<v}Mb.^l>Rp«f(orR ^ Aa»wria««
— (n«mRy of an KngliRh timt nt mwoheoC H Wt-*
C'hRR«4 Inr a fr)gR<« — (CMapa by *>Tp«rf«r aalHeg.
— Arrival ttt N«w Ymrk.— One* mora at benM.-—
Empty purte.— KiMMing antl«lpeti4ye«.
While waiting witlNMt empfoynienf tt l/rw
don, In the hope that lome event w«fnM titmr
in which 1 might exert my energtea, a ffftleveR-<
Hcl, laden with wine, tniifnd ttnm Naj^, to the
addreaa of my friend. TMa I tfxAH obtain, ah
tf^rma which Were within my etmipaae) amt
knowing the demand for mch Hthid ef whM h»
Denmark, I pnrebaaed the veaael and eupt fcr
that deatifiatioa. The aafety of the voyafpi it^
pended on our entering direct from NM^wKh'
out having stopped at any intarmtiMtAM pwt}
hence the necessHy of engaging the same iMMtr
to procecfl in her, and of avoiding any detay hv
the Thames. Having ancceeded in ehgaghig(h«
matter and crew, who came from Ifapfee in the>
vetael, to pror:eed in ber to Denmark, and eraaed
from Xhf. log-book the notice of ber having tflRMdi'
tit\ England, I r>triharked at mperr'argo ttnm Na-
pies. Being all ready, 4^oaf the middfe of
Angatt, IHII, we put to tea, taking a good dli»*
partnre from Orfordneta flights on Thomh^'
ni^bt. The wind waa front the Westward, aai
blew a strong breeze daring the alght aaai M*
CtKVBI.AND« VUVAGBS
/
94
towing (lay. On Friday and Saturday Ihe wind
«iMituiuod hvounJaio, Towarda night the wind
•oA tea imnated, with very dark weather and
o cr^io^Md- aqualli. Aa the cajitoin suppo»cd
himetf to h9,6tty or sixty miles from the near-
eat laodt^daa the darkness at tliis season
lfated;pflly seven hours, I went to bed with en-
tks^iaatofideDce in our safety, and in the belief
tf^U we^ should not get sight of the land before
^eightor ten o'clock next roorniug. But the
event showed that our calculations were so er>
roneous aa to be accounted for only by a strong
current. At dawn, on Sunday morning, I waa
roused from my slumbers by the hard thumping
of the vessel, and the roaring of the breakers in
which we were enveloped. The water was pass-
ing down the companion-wAy m torrents ; and
wattflung an opportunity, I succeeded in getting
on deck, though not without a complete drench-
iug. The vessel lay broadside to the sea, which
broke high over her ; she, however, having
heeled in shore, afforded us some shelter. She
soon bil^d, and* having become water-logged,
lay comparatively quiet ; and as the tide soon
fell so u to leave her dry, w*! all I. .ed on th.e
beach of Jutland in safety.
No sooner was it daylight, thasi the inhaUt-
ants came to as in great numbers ; and aa it waa
obvious that Mving the cargo depended on the
best improvement of the time, before the return
of the tide, u many were engaged aa could work
to any advantage, under the direction of men
appointed by authority to act on such emer-
Sncies. The tide had not ebbed more than a
ot at the time the vessel struck, so that the
opp9rtunity of saving the cargo was very favour-
ap^. The day was fine, and enabled us to dry
oj^r clpthes. In this process, although our vari-
ous wardrobes were extended over the beach, and
might easily .lave been purloined, and although
there were many persons about us apparently in
very indigent qiraimstances, we loist nothing.
The operation of diacbarging the qargo being so
ayatematiaedt that the labour of each one was
applied to the greatest advantage, they hod so
nearly acoomiuuslied the unlamhg, before the
tide again .flowed into the vessel, as to secure
the 9floty of the entire cargo. It was not until
the fburth day after being wrecked, that I could
fl4>ti4n ji passport to proceed to Copenhiageu ; as
the magiatrate examined each individuu aepa-
lAtely relative to the origin and object of the
voyage, and with great care, and thoa became
«pquaipted vritb our being last from Bii|^ai|d.
A aeiznre of the whole property waa the con-
Sfsquence. Having obtained my pisaport, a
fatigoing journey of three days and nights,
over a rough road, brought me to the Danish
capital.
As soon as the authorities at Copenhagen
were made acqiuinted with the circumstance of
the case, an or,der vrtis ^ven ifor the release of
ifte property, and an t|gent from the house of
Jtyherv •hd.Co. w*s jii^paitched to, take chaise
of it. One fourth of the eargo being awani(4
aa salvage, the other three were sold on tin !
strand, at a great profit, and the vessel was io),| j
for the bcnedt of the underwriters. This ilu.
aster, which, at the moment, caused me gnai |
pain and disappointment, proved tobeaoircum.
stance of great good fortune i for, had we pro. j
ceeded on onr coarse without intenruptiont we
should have gone durectly int«»^^the handr ofij
French privateer, then lying at Elsiiwui^ read; i
to pouuce upon every defenceless neutral Mm
came in her way. At that period, coudeimiatui
was sure to succeed a French captnref on tin I
slightest pretext. There would, «on»equenU;,l
have been no chance of eso^ for a vessel in
rectly from England.
As soon as my affairs in Jutland jpeniibrougk
to a dose, the proceeds were anticipated and in.
vested in an adventure to ^iga* to procure a cat-
go, then much wanted ai Copeiihisgm. I w«
secured a|pinst the Daniah privateers, tba
swarming m the Baltic, by • lieeaee from tk
king. This voyage was completed aatisSsctoiili
by a safe return in November, 18IV«i>d withi
small profit. During the enauiog, winter* I n>
mained at Copenhagen, and engaged in shippii|
several cargoes of grain to JBnghHidfrom Udi
stein, and in importations thence, under lieeno
from the |wo governmental ,(ra9> tPlwh ^*om'
benefit was derived. . . .„ ,,,„
The aucceeding summer waa one maorpauiii
interest and excitement. Information bs
reached us of the declaration of war, by Ha
government of the United jStatea against gra
Britain ; a circumstance foreboding events of tk .
most thrilling character, some o( which mn^|
followed that information ; sudi as th^RMrrendi
of Detroit to the enemy, and the triumph on
the boasted invincibility of British shvn of ^
in the capture of the frigate Gaerri«re by
Conatitution. But what bearing waa this
state of things to have on my prospects,
what advantage could be made of thwn to la
ther my views ? were questions of no easy lokl,
tion. A barrier seemed to be placed |q taj » j
turn home, in any other than the expensive \
of proceeding to France. Nothing short of I ,,,
prospect of bettering my fortune would jiutll
prolonging my stay in Burope ; and this pi»
pect was so good, if certain obotacles, oouU k
overcome, that I determined on making thei'
temjit.
The protracted and accumulated restrictiM
on all neutral commerce, and the interdidkj^
of all intercourse between England and Fh«r|
had caused such an accumulation of ever; r
scription of merchandise in the atorehouMK
the former, as to reduce their prices grettl; I
low the ordinary standai 1. The same
had operated, in an inrerse ratio, in
Hence the difference in the relative _
many articles of mer<'h9Adiae in t||« twp <
tries was so enorrio o i u a to he abnoat iv
it was obvious, ifu.,s, that.we^nticDdactioBi^
AND COIIMIRCIAL ENTeR^IHSKH.
no
I Into fhinfle from EngUnd was an ol^ect
Drthjr of great effofrts ; on« whidi would justify
incurring of great riaks, and would require
aid of influential men in office. To elude the
>ttr of the Continental System waa an achieve-
it of no ordinarj magnitude, and could only
I done l>7 means of lieeneea, and in so circuit*
a manner as to escape the vigilance of the
ich douuniera.
^^Afler great difficulty and delay, and a most
laMe perseverance, our agent at Paris sue-
in obtaining a licence for the introduction
la cargo from Copenhagen into Hamburgh vid
'e\, to be accompanied with certifleates that
artielts compochig it were the product of
lish industry and commerce. This first and
difficulty overcome, the next measure was
ch easier; to obtain from the Danish go-
iment a lieeuee for the introduction into
enhagen of a cargo from England. This
Igrairted, on condition of excepticg all arti-
nnaecompanied with properiy authenticated
stes of neutral origin. As there existed
sprehent'.on of any embarrassment from the
ish government, the requisite measures were
to have iMpped at London such a car^u
^s ill greatest demand at its place of des-
i^HliOn.
adventure arrived safely at Copenhagen
le, and we could immediately have ob-
' a ttery gtreat advance on the cost ; but the
eet was so much greater at Hamburgh, the
YW its deatinathm, that the maxim of the
I hi the hand," &c., did not seem applicable
easie. White engaged in unlading the
preparatory to its being re-laden in the
coasters destined for Kiel, we were ar-
, In our progress, and confounded by one
difficultie« which could not be foreseen
indL It aioso from the circumstance of
ate in the adventure having been a
Ih subject. He was one of the proscribed
I Md was among those engaged in the bat-
'' Vinegar Hill. Since that period, he had
^'eng|nd in mercantile business on the
lent; and during the two last years had rc-
lit Copenhagen. Some malicious or envious
Idendunced him to the government as an
" subjeet ; and declared, moreover, that
' erty he represented was English. In
see of this, the property was seized,
1 investigation instituted, which was pro-
' In a manner worthy of the tribunals of
a fritality attending this adventure
was very remarluible. Its possession
ho ol^ect to the government, nor h&d
seriotis apprehension of its eventual
ation; yet, there seemed to be an iinac-
ile dispositioh to procras^nate. The go.
t, hitherto, had paid great deference to
Bntattions of our worthy ekarg^ d^tf.
' and hf sAemptinjr to procure the release
etHf, he exeitod himself with an much
zeal and earnestness as if it had been his •wm,
hut ineifectoally. Even a proposal for it^ i
on giving bonds was refused. Month
month passed away, and we saMT the i
pidly approaching which wavld stop the inter*
course by water between Copenhagen and Kiei^
without the power of doing any thing. At
length, it was discovered that the property had
been unjustifiably kept frnm Its owners, and
eonseqnently it was restored to them. But, ink
fortunately, the time had gone by when soeh
decision would have been most important to as,
for it vras now the middle of October. Never-
theless, if the winter did not set in this year
eariier than it did the last, we might succeed in
transporting uur cargo to KieL
No exertions were spared for the accomplish*
ment of this desirable object, but vre were des«
tined to meet with continued disappomtments.
One of the coasting vessels had part of a cargo
or board to be discharged before lading ours ;
auv^her had some little repahfs to make; and no
one was procurable that would engage in the
^is^ness with the sphit that the case so impc-
rionsly demanded. The consequence was as we
had drraded : the cold weather commenced six
weeks earlier than it had done the list year. By
the time the vessels had completed their lading,
they were fast enclosed in the ice, and so re-
mained during the winter. Still, though this
was a disappointment, as it would greatly retard
the realisation of our expectations, yet there
existed no cause then to uppreheud any depre-
dation in the value of the property in the en-
suing spring.
Pcfore Napoleon had experienced any chedc
in his victorious career, a meicantile adventdre,
predicated ou the maintenance of his supiv.
macy, would have been considered a safe one ;
but Napoleon's power proved itself weakn<(St^
when contending with the elements. The
severe weather, which had been so prejudicial
to my operations, continuing to increase as the
winter advanced, will long be remembered by
its terribly disastrous effects on the Preiim
army in Russia. The destruction of this army
was a death-blow to the Continental System,
and, of course, to all my &ir prospects fconded
on its continuance.
The spring of 1813 opened with an emanci-
pation of Europe from the tyranny of Nqioleoti.
His Russian campaign had been so terribly dis-
astrous, that even the fertility of his great mind
was unequal to providing other remedy than
such as deferred his prostration a few months.
The prospect of the ordinary channels of com-
merce being once more opened, produced its
natural effect on all merchandise at Hamburgh;
prices were nominal ; there was no sale for
anything ; everybody was auxiously waiting the
d^totument ot the grand drama. Under audi
circumstances, it is almost needless to say,
tL^ all my hopes from the adventure with
which I had been so long occupied were da-
VI'
d6
CLkVKLANUii VUVAtiKS
itroycd. TliiH (ulvcntiirR, had it reachod lltiuu
luirgh in time, uvuulU liuvo yielded a proAt Qf
MVMral liundrcd per ocut.* aird sccurua tu me
tttdepandmice ; but whoii it did arrive tlicrc, its
value WMr«d(i09d lieluw the origiual cost, and
flrtally wound iiu with very cousidonUilu Itiw.
To bring mj ifliuni t«t a rluse, with the least
pofctible NU!ritice, necessarily consumed a con-
aiderable portion of the sumtncr. During this
penod the city exhibited, ou a small scale, and
for many days iu succosaion, titu turmoil, activity,
Mid excitement lucident to being besieged. The
French were attempting to regain itussesoion of
it by a bombardment from the opposite bank of
the river, and by repeated efforts iu the nights
to transitort a Iwdy of troopa across. Their
tn<!ans of annoyance by shells, however, were
very feeble, and in their attempts to oroas the
river they were invariably foiletl. The city was
defended by its own militia, who fought bravely,
anrl like men who feel that every thing is at stake
wliich is worth defending. These were lup-
jiorted by a wclUdisciplined body of Danish
rngtdar troops, and by a small number of Rus-
sians, the whole comntanded by a Russian gene-
ral. In this state of affkirs none were exempted
frohi bearing of arms, not even strangers, as
was evinced in my own person t for, being led
by curiosity to a point where I hoard much
flriug, i Was arretted by a patrol on the look-
out for stragglers, and marched into an enclo-
sure where were many others in the same predi-
oainent. To all of us muskets and ammunition
were furnished, aiid here we were kept inactive
throughout the day, as a corps de r^Mfve. To-
wards sunset, on a cessation of the attack, we
^Mftft »U released, to our great joy, as we had
iMiil nothing to eat all day. While the citiuns
' itf Hftmbui^i were rejoicing at the success of
^eif irma thusfAr, and encouraged to persevere
in fbUing tho cf^ntinual attacks of the opitosing
fi>rcM, in order to save themselves from the
dMaded domination of the French, they were
'ill suddenly confounded and dismayed by an
order from the King of Denmark for the with-
drawal of his troops ; an order, understood to be
in cOiisequence of the lailure of some ncgo-
clatioft of Count Bernstorff with the British
;" cabinet.
' As the principal means of resistance was thus
'"'tvithdrmwh, and the remainder were incompe-
tent to justify a longer defence, the authorities
Aeiennined on capitulating while they were yet
''in a position to secure advantageous terms.
Aeterdlngly, the Russian general, with his
troops, writhdrew towards the north ; the oapi-
tnlsltioii was consummated, and the French be-
" came once more masters of Hamburgh. After a
' '''* few days, when the garrison was quartered, the
police regtilateii, and the quiet of military des-
|iotism reigned within the city, a procession was
formed, composed of the soldiers, and headed
by Mnrdittl Davuust and his stair, iu tlieir
splendid liabilimeuts, which proceeded to the
little St. Mtcliaers church, to aid in the |ierfumi
ance of a TV Dtum, in gratitude to the Suprcnn
Ruler of the Universe, for giving that succcMto
their arms, which had placed in their power n,
unotfending people, whose property they in.
tended to plunder by heavy taxation, and wlins^
sons they intended to enslave, Jiy making them i
conscripts. " O tempora ! O moret /" Only J
few weeks after gaining {lossession of the cjtf,
the French, iu their turn, were 'besieged by tlit
Russians, Cossacks, and Swedes, and thiswuj
the state of affairs when 1 left the city. i
Having at length brought ray bnsiness toil
close at Hamburgh, and perceiving no courMf
that 1 could pursue for retrieving my fortune iJ
Europe in which there was not great risk, I (k.
tcrmined tu proceed forthwith to the Unittil
States, and there endeavour to obtain the coni.|
mand of a letter-of-niarque for a voyage nl
China or the Pacific. As the best course foil
getting most expeditiously to the United StaiK
was evidently vid France, I applied to th
French comiaaiider of the city. General Hogn
dorff, for a passport. The general, I foiini
spoke English iHirfectly well. He was tery t\\\
and affable, and dcsh^d his secretary not to 4
lay providing me with the passport I asked, lit
observed to me that I should run a great ri»ki<
being taken and robbed by the Cossacks, wIk
he said, were very numerous in the viciniii
On the fall of the fortunes of Nipoleon, th
o^lcer retired to the interior of Brtikil, where r
passed several years in obscurity, engagcil i
the humble occupation of eolle.-'ting and prescr
ing insects, until his death, which occurred tlw
only a few years since. One of the regular p
vernment couriers, who have the privilege i
taking any person with them» being alwiit i
stait for Paris, I obtained a seat with iiim. ~
car for our conveyance was ft molt nncoul
vehicle; it had two wheels only, and Ix
fixed on the axletre, had no spring;
quently, the jarring in many places, over
roads, was excessive ; but the advantage, nid
and day, of never having to wait Jongerf
horses than the time requisite for chaining the,
was great ; although it gave us no other cliaM
to sleep or eat than while on our way. We k
tunatcly escaped the Cossacks, and arrived i
Brussels in safety, but so excessively fatigut
that I was glad to rest a day or two there, a
to depend on the diligence for conveying lueti i
remainder of the journey. ' "
Arriving at Paris in October, I learned tltfi
fast-sailing ship would leave Nantes for
United States in about three weeks. After p
ing a fortnight at Paris, 1 took the dilicNictil
Nantes, to examine the ship in question. !>(
was a beautiful vessel, and was represenldij
be a very swift sailer; but it was obvious
the chance of escaiie for such a vessel, •
equal citcamstances, wonld be less than tltfjj
a Baltimore clipper, and I th«i«fove delayed^
itoKinif a imsstt^ e until I should heor from *
AND COMMERCIAL
I dtaux, ia aniwer to mjr inquiries on the aiibject.
Ijltlihi inrormation wu soon received, and wu
]|ugIi m deiarniiued ine to proceed tliere. I ar-
rived liiere jiut in time to Becnre a pattage in a
[vessel wliich might liave served Mr. Cooitcr for
[his description of the Water- Witcli, for ihe
[was lilte tliat portrait in every point. Her com-
Dander, Captain Isaacs, was a mostexperiauced
nd accomplished aeaiuan, and admirably quali-
ieU for cucb a command. With auch a cnmbi-
iticu I felt no less confidence in making our
ssage safely, than I should have done in a time
' profound peace.
At dawn on the second morning after leaving
He Cordovan, we found ourselves in the midst
' a fleet of merchant vessels, widch were steer-
^g to the south. The confusion which such a
[ispicious and unwelcome apparition caused
long them was very great, and, to us, very
piusing. Some of those astern lay by. unvrill-
to approach us \ others let run their main-
or brailed up their spankers, and wor^
^d on the opposite tack; those that were
1(1 crowded all sail to increase the distance
us, and spread out, that there might be
iire cliance of escape for some. They were
Idently English veuels, though they showed
(Colours, and their convoy, if they had any,
not in sight. If we had been prepared with
i, requisite number of men, we could have
fitn ana conveyed to Bordeaux almost any
nWr of them ; but neither the strength of
, ship's company, the instructions to our
Ifnander, or the object of the voyage, would
our making captures; hence, we did not
Ite from our course, but proceeded on to
westward, leaving our frightened neigh-
astonished at Andnig themselves unmo-
ed.
iDuring the passage we were chased a number
itimes; and once, at early dawn, on our own
It, we perceived a frigate almost within gun-
of us. With a fine, brisk breeze, she
rded all sail in chase of us ; but we had
ccmyincing evidence of our great auporiority
lilin^ as, before noon, although persisting
lie pursuit, her hull was not visible from our
, The next day, the 1st of January, 181
rrived safely at New York.
years had now elapsed since my depar-
^f»om Boston, in the schooner Maria, for
iir«, aud during that period it will have been
that no effort! were spared, no deflcienry
liperseverance evinced, and no opportunity
|Wt:'d to l^ss unembraced, which presented
iiprospect of liettering my fortune. What I
' upted, and with what unfortunate results,
[.detailed in the few oreceding pages.
jWasoiKe again landed qn my native shore,
•d health, and with an empty parse; but
fed above the immediate pressure oi aneh
lulated disappointments, by inaulging the
ing anticipation of at leastaahoit repose
lie liosom of my family.
7
ENTERPRISES.
CHAPTER XXII.
9t
KfliMU of disastrous fortune -«t>aubtinl voyaga.—
DcparUirc froa Salam fur TaoMriflls' and M ala vla.
— Iaws of tnprouis.— D«mi§ss mp«iw<< ■ ' A r-
rival at Taawiira.— UnoomforlsbU rowkiaad.—
Haapiulity aud bamivolwMs of • OMrclHOt—
DilHoiihy of weiRkiug not-hor.— D«partur« froa
Teooriflii.— Arrival At Tristan d'^ounha.— 8ap«
ply of provUioDS.— Fata of a lattlar.— Sloppaga
at iha Cape.— Arrival at Balavia.— PnoauttOBs
again»l fever.— Praamt and foniwr Govamefa.*-
A sucoeasfid Berchant.— Haturn to tb» lala of
Fruoce.— Bsohanga of cargo.— >Boar(lad off St.
Helena. —Naptleou,— No feuels paraiittad to m'
ter.— Pleasaot voyage bona.— Arrival at Boatao.
The disastrous result of my Jong-continued
efforts in Europe had deprived me of that inde^
pendence which I liad so early desired, and for
a course of years had so successfully realised.
I was now under the necessity of accepting em-
ployment from any of my more fortunate fellow-
citizens who might dcoire my services.
Soon after the negociations at Ghent and the
promulgation of peace, I was invited by aome
of my Salem fri>>nds to make a voyage to Tene-
riffe and Batavia ; an enterprise which, within
my recollection, was viewed a« one of untried
aud doubtful accomplishment, requiring in the
commander uncommon skill, perseverance, and
tact ; but which, at this time, 1815, is of such
every-day occurrence, that I am only induced to
narrate mine from the consideration that its
omiuion would leave a chasm in the story,
which may l>e viewed as unimportant or other-
wise, according to the diSereut tastes of the
readers.
Late in the month of July, 1815, I sailed
from Salem, in the ship Exeter, bound toT^ne-
riffe and Batavia. The ship, w Inch was about
three hundred tons, was ot a clumsy construc-
tion, and, being sheathed with wood, ^ve us
a prospect of long and tedious passage^ ; but
the liberality of the owners more than compen-
sated for the additional time requisite for ihn
performance of the voyage.
To meet vrith an accident in a well-rigged abip
wliile crossing the Atlantic in summer-time
seemed hardly within the bounds of possibittty;
yet we did not escape. The first ten durs after
our departure '.?e had experienced onlpr tbt ught
and bsifling winds, whi''h are pecuW pt, this
season oi the year, and consequently n|d made
little pn)greu on our way | but on tbie eleventh
day we had a fine breeae from the #Q)Vtb so^th-
vvet'., which gave ua the cheeiiBg eqipQt^agement
of making up for lost time. WUlv. top-gallant
sails set over whole topsaUa, aforetopmast stud-
ding-sail, the sea tolerably smooth, andgping at
the rate of only eight knots an hour, in an in-
stant all three topmuts snapped off close to the
caps, and came down iritii a tremendous crash;
tho topsail-yarda nudcing sad havoc vrith the
courses. The ship, being now diepriyipd of her
pnuipUing force,^ lay like a log on the water;
ann this Mi beinW smbotli, entfited ni ^ save
alhtH^llgUlni;, am, and span. It %aB a most
forttHikitf dlreiitnstahce that no man was aloft at
th^UMle; attd thSt noive were hurt by the fiill-
ingWth(iiqiarsahd>^^Q;; tw, even with the
uniidA i^^etgiiai of ill;' to bring order out of such
a ch4o« wias a laborioiik task. The men, how-
ever, went aboiit the work cheerfully $ and un-
der the direction of an excellent chief officer,
with great diligence and exertion, we had our
threti TopiaOs and coturses repaired and set in
three days after the misfortune. It may be in-
qmltd^ to Wh&t I attribute so unusual an acci-
dent?— fOr uAusual it was at such a time. I can
think of no other cause *'!ian that of the spars
being weakened l)y exposure to alternate M'e
and dry weather, while the ship was hauled up
duiing the' whole of the last war with England.
We were able to substitute good foire and mizen
topmasts for those lost ; but the main one did
not admit of carrying hard sail. Notwithstand-
ing this disaster, we were up with the western
islands, passing between Terceiro and St. Mi-
cbael^a on the 11th of August, saw Madeira
on the 2ist, and arrived at Orotava on the
l{6thf The day before arriving, and while
nearly becalmed in sight of the Peak of Teue-
riife, seeii^g something on the water a short
distance froip. ys, which appeared like a cask,
we lowered the boat, and towed it alongside.
On taking it on board, it proved to be a hogs-
head of .ine old Jamiuca spirit. It must have
been ^ long time, in. the wat^r, as it was covered
witb barnacles., . J .
Of all the uncomfortable roadsteads in which
tthfs been my chance to load a ship, that of
Orotaiva is the worst. Anchored in fifty-five
fathopis of water, with the ship rolling more
than when at sea, we are doomed to eight days'
quariM^tina. In the mean time, the wine is pre-
pared to take on board as soon as the quarantine
expires. M any time and place, such delays are
exc^i^T*^ provoking and tedious ; but in such
a roadstead as this, the fatigue and ennui amount
ueailfr, |o a state of torture. The eight days,
however, were passed without accident ; and
imiitdiBtKly on their completion, I received a
politd'iiivittttlon from Mr. Little (the merchant
fit>iA'^4m I'r^ceived my cargo), to dine with
hinv kpd ,(6 take tip my qnisrters at his house,
for tbo W^9 ^une that remained, while lading
the w'we* yf^iicii 1 very readily accepted.
Tiiia iinntkoian and aooomplished merchant is
BUcOeaaor to the house of Pasley, long famed for
its Kmioarable mode of conduciiRf business} a
famcT^i^ith is in no degt«<§ Msi morited by the
preiM ftftnse. The hbtipKiaity of Mr. Little is
ackd^Wydi^'by dffhti Visit the place; and
he l|M gV«n,s^^ e^^i^We of his pbilantbr6py
and^b4|i^yQle4j^, as tp be honourablv noticed
by the JiMig. During tia» prevalence ot the yel-
low fever in the island, when aU were flying
who possessed tlie means, he remained ; and by
8 VOY^CKS ;.; ,-
the J*idicious application of |)ecuniary aid, l)y
the fen^uragement of liis presence, and by ||i«
personal assTfetance, he probably saved the lives
of hundreds, though at the most imminent risk,
as he barely escaped being a martyr tp his hii
manity.
On the 3rd of Se|»tember, having oonipletot
our lading, and taken leave of my kind host, |
went on board, and prepared to go to sea ; hut
we soon perceived that, with an ordinary wind,
lass, the united force of our crcyr was Insnifficicnt
to Iteave up the anchor, witli such a weight of
cable in addition; and we were oouipelTed to
avail ourselves of the services <^ the men who
came off with me. Even with this aid, we were
a long time getting our anchor ; but thf task
was at length accomplished. The boat, with tlte \
foreigners, left us. We made sail ; and every !
one on board was nyoiced to leave a place whic^
was so exceedingly uncomfortable.
On our way to the south, we passed b^wcen
the Cape dc Verde Islands, and not far ta wind-
ward of Fogo ; crossed the equator in tl<« usual
longitude, and, malung our way with all diii
gence to the soutiiward, the next land we saw
was Tristan d'Acunha. As we could toUch at
this island without much loss of tin^d, I deter-
mined to do so. Accordingly, ^ppfoadiiff^ the %
north-west end, we saw a smoke, and, wlien
within about a mile of it, I.sent the lioat ashore,
with directions to ascertain who were the inlia.
bitants, to procure, from them whatever eatablci
they might have ti» spare, and to be absent no
longer than was necessary for the accomplish,
inout of these purposes, — the ship, in the mean
time, lying oflT and on under easy sail. Afteran
absence of about f>ur hours, the boat rptarnedi
with a good supplv' of excellent potatoes* and i|
plenty of very fine fish. The officer repoited,!
that tliere were only three men on the island,!
who appeared to be Portugtiese or Italians ; aiul|
on inquiring of them what had' become
Lambert, they said he had been drowned, witki
others, in attempting to go to Inacdesslblt]
Island.
Jonathan Lambert was a native of Sa||mf An<l|
a schoolmate of mine. He was a mai^ g;ooii|
capacity and much eccentricity. Having In::?
unsuccessful in his endeavours by navigation it
acquire a competency, and being disgusted villi
commerce and with the world, he formed tht
project of establishing himsielf on this island,
which, from its healthy climate,* Vll^n ^11, anil
being in the track of Veiietls bound to lndli,|
might be made an object o^ attraction to sudil
as were in want of supplies. Accordingly, wi*lil
several others of no less desperate fortune tluil
himself, but very inferior in point <rf edncatiNl
and Capacity, he landed on the island; «i'|
when tiiey had produced enough for the sup|M
of sJtiipBt he caused a i;i0tlc« thereof to be pulfj
lished 'm the Bostq^n papm. myiting, ^hii^ [
Atop .and obtain snob rofireshments ai . he
supply. Not long after this, it was repo
AND CmUnMv ^^4i^^M)SES.
oj-
he Md jperiabed in atUppUng to fp W Jn-
tsible blAiid; hvX, as hewu of an irritablCt
rannic^ temper, hU friends have luppoied , it
be more probable, that his comrades, unable
I bear with it, had put him out of existence.*
' * Tka fellawiaf moie rceeat aeeovnt of the
illd-lookiag, mouDtainous island of Tfiatan
ficuatui has lately appeared in the London
crs. It farnisiMM some curious particulars
ire to the inhabitants, as well as some infer-
ion respecting the island itself, which eannot
i to prove interesiiog to the EugUsh reader.
"> This island lies In the South Atlantic Ocean,
It. 37. 9. S. and long. 16. 30. W. firom Grten.
Ou the IMh, i»e eame abreast of it. Dar-
^the period of Napoleon's eonllnemcnt at St.
tna, the British goverament had a garrison
,«liieh,onBona|^rta'a death, was withdrawn.
L,an old oorporalt named Glass, having nearly
^ ' the tic;e in the army whieh entitled him
l^re, obtained permission to remain behind,
,wife (a Hottentot), one child, and two
t» of his corps. The two soldiers, however,
' tired of this mode of living, and took
i;« of the visit of a wlwling vessel tp leave
ind ; and thus old Glass, wife, and child,
the sole poasessors of the place — ' mo-
if all he annrcycd.' The island is voleanic,
; a high p-ak rising from a table land ; the
['/nd it 1000 feet from the level of the sea,
I U rises a peak, to a farther elevation of
St. A.t its summit is an immense crntRr
th water, round whose margin the
aad other sea-fowl build their ucstt.
I land is altogether useless, being very
knd having not less than forty craters on
I land, therefore, available fur the settle-
merely a patci* of six or seven miles long,
i a quarter to nearly half a mile in breadth,
Ike mountain-side to the sea, from whose
; is raised about forty or Hfty feet. From
/the solitary residenee of one maii, Tristan
iba, nas now a population of seventy-three,
Of ~fteen are the children of old Gover-
is; mad his children and grand-children
to twenty-seven. His daughters are
U thoufh very dark, and readily find
ids. xou will be curious to know how they
pm.^Tcry many Amet'iean whaling ships
It lS|l spot for supplies of potatoes and
some of their crews have from time to
taiaed { and« unfortunately, a great ndm-
ips hava been wrecked on the island, to
iws the old governor has always behaved
ser that does him the highest credit. A
^ esc people have remalDcd with him, aad
rone on the island is Indebted to the good
I for some favour, either a wife, or as«iat-
building and stocking a house, for a
f draft oxen, seme sheep, or some sold
fftat kinri, so each person is nttachcd to
strong ties of interest and gratitude ;
ibeing parson, teaeher, doctor, and friend,
\ itf afl with the utmost respect. Tristan
if a perfect model of a rrpubUe— the
' simple, as you may suppose. Thus
•oh on the island, in turn, supplies ahipa
~ tons, the profits of which sale are bin
Id this' rule never deviated flrom, all are
and happy. On the evening of our
on, and^wc jiae o^ coq^peU^^ t^ Jenoi i^ .
•ail on it, to the preju%3 of poir ptSMge,! <^,^)
eluded it wo^ld be a sieving of time to stop i^^-^
the Cape of Good Hope and procure a hew oiaje^,,,
This we did, and suled agdn for thie eattwiuri|f^,^,
after a detention of four days. The onj^ ^'^^'l^, ^
tionwe experienced from theacctu^ihedmii^^
notonv of such a jpassage, was that of lying bjr j^
near the Island of Amsterdam, and, in the course '^
of an hour, nearly loading our boat with excel- ,^
lent fish. They wer?. about the size of the ood,^,^,
and liad some resemblance to that fish. At ,' ,
length, on the Slst of January, 1816, W9 came| [,
to anchor in Batavia Roads, nearly six month||' '
from the time of our departure from Salem.
Tbc havoc which in former voyages I ha^'
seen maoe in ships' companies by the fever. .:,,
which is more or less prevident at this plaiie ar'^^
all seasons of the year, induced me to take nn-'
common precautions to preserve the health of". ',^
my men. With this riew, I hired natives to go 'j'*
in the boats, to hoist in the cargo, and to p6r- ''^|
form all such duties as would cause an exposmt' T!
to the sun. My men were seldom allowed to" '
go on shore ; and when occasionally such per-
mission was granted, they refrained from the
usual practice of seamen, of drinking to excess,
although no alcohol was provided for them on
board ship. The consequence was, that, though
we were nearly two mouth', iu port, we had ho
man sick during that time.
While at Batavia, both the English and Hatch ';
governors were present ; the former. Sir Stam- " '
ford Raffles, then surrendering the command of
the island to the person appointed by the jm-
vemraent of the Netherlands to recdve it. The
rtvulsions in the price of produce, cattied b)' '^
the sudden changes in the poHtiral state Of the ';
country, had been taken advantage of by aohie '
of the foreign residents, by which th^y a cq ui t^ '>'
great fortunes. Among the nniblMsr, 1 %w -'"''
much gratified to find my friend Mr. Watt,'i ''"
worthy young Scotchman, who was ca^^tain^
clerk in the ship Cronbetg, in wbi<ih I wtt «
passenger and freighter from the Ille of MnMf ' '
visit, the old man ehristened hie jroiingescehUd<flf
three months old, and, haviag got asoMlyi f^vet^
freshaents from the Wanderer, all thelslssiiiera
made merry, and, in honour of our qpefr^ the
child was called Victoria. Since the formi|tion of
the town (?) of Somerset, as It is callM, ther^iliMa
not been such a merry-making. Mr.' Boj^d gdve
the young one a portion, via. five Sheep, '^iu^
crease of which was to be hers on beveoaatag of
age, and, en maise, the people alood ap.«M^ ,
promised to tend her locks until ahe waa a marr
ricd woman. There are now many aheep aa4 .
CO ws on the island, some pigs, aad potatoes of the
first quality ; water in abundance ; and, without ''[
luxuries, and not aware of any - 'antS, the paopje ''
areeonienud. The population of th^ laliiid ia
somewhat mixed, consistlag of Outehmea, <
Danes, PrenehaMu, Amerlaau, BngUah^ aad •>
Triataas.*' .l^',•^:5rtr.^ nn .sns^jj. niimf,m-i-*'n ^tif
im
iK:
•it
f4»0
«??PM<?I*KVW»AWIX8 VQVAGES
r-
HI
-I'
to OnuBuk, iatlM year 1601. Atthatperjod.
MfesptMt prapcrty, he wm a poor man, but
tieh m utdleck and commercial Mgadty, of
whkh he gave endence in availing himself of
the opportumtiea at they pieaeoted themsdves
of aconiring a fortune, greater than ia often
gained in a long and induatrioua life ; bat tbe
enjoyment of it was not permitted hha. Be-
fore embarking for Europe, he had imbibed the
seeds of disease ; and, sickening on the passage,
died at the Cape of Good Hope.
Having aecomplished my business at Batavia,
by lading the sUp with citfee and sugar, and
not meeting a sale for the wine I had brought
from Tenenffe, I determined to stop at the Isle
of I'ranoe, in the hope of being able to dispose
of it there. Accordingly, about the middle of
March, I left Batavia Roads, exulting in the cir-
cumstance oi having had no one sick during my
stay ihiaee, and of leaving the place with the
crew in as good health as on the day ot their
arrivaL But my exultation was but of short
duration; for no sooner had we passed Java
Head, and were in the open sea, where I sup*
posed the danger of sickness no longer existed,
than three of my men were seized violently and
almost simultaneously with the fever. Only
one of the three recovered ; the other two lived
but a few days i^ter being attacked. These
were the first and only men I ever lost by sick-
ness ; and their death and burial spread a 8ad>
ness over their surviving shipmates, of which
aeme traces remained even to the end of the
passage.
The trade wmd, which we took immediately
lifter passing Java Head, continued so steady and
atrong, as to carry us to the Isle of France in
thirty-two days, which was a fine passage
for our ship. From the two long visits which |
had made to this place in 1794 and in 1800, I
was as familiar with its localities as if it had
been my home. These, on my present visit,
were unchanged ; but these were all that remain-
ed unchanged. Since. I last left the place, it
had become a colony of the English by conquest.
Tjngiirti government and laws had superseded
those of France; and English manners, cus-
toms^ and modes of doing business, were gnu
dni^ making encroachments on those of the
Ftrenoh inhabitants, which is not unusual virith a
•abrogated people, rrhen their conquerors are
generoos and conciliitting.
It was soon apparent that an immediate sale
of my vane could not be made, nor was the ob-
ject sufficiently important to detain the ship. I
therefore placed it in the hands of a merchant,
and received from him an amount of the pro-
duce of the island, equal to what he estimated
the wine vrould sdl for ; and this occupied about
the space in the ship which the vrine had done.
These iuteirohanges being accomplished, we left
ike Isle of France, towards %h^ last of April, for
home^
The passage round the Cape and thence to
Boston was a continued series of fair winds ni
pleasant weather; and the only inddent irhA
occurred, to break in upon the monrtonyi^'
sudi a passage, was that of being boarded, vh«|
in sight of St. Helena, by an FagUsh brig^l
war, which was cruising near the north side^l
the island, for the purpose of presenting m
entry of vessels there during the detention i<|
the Emperor Napoleon. The boarding officaf
was very polite ; said his orders were positive J
allow no vessel to go in ; that prodsion nil
made at the Island of Ascension to supply i\m
with water; and that, if we had not enough ti|
carry us there, he would furnish us with suft^i
cient for that purpose ; but we were not i|
want of any thing. Our detention, tiie?efoiiI
was but of short duration ; and, taking our ^
parture from St. Helena, we had a plesM :
passage to Boston, where we arrived in Aagm
1816 ; thus accomplishing the voyage in safM?
anci tq the Kpti^Bction of all mterttted thereui
CHAPTER XXIII.
■TTv
Effect! of general pence on eonunereial enteppriN .
Projeoted voyage.— The Beaver fitted oot.-.i :
trom New Tork. — Reflectione. — A toraado.— ft
St PauVe hUnd.— >PeraaiBbacu.-~Uaaocc«ii
attempt to tonoh at the Falkland lales.— Steeti
Gape Horn.— Easy posaage round «^]!aU ati
laland of Mocha.— Arrival at Tdcahuana.— K
oeit of the authoritiea.— Contemplated roiiaUv
— -A guard aent on board.— Communication «i
the ahore prohibited.
The general peace of the civilised world
this time, by producing grertl commercial cii
petition, made it difficult for the most eij^
rienced merchant to project a Tojrage in
the chance of loss would not be equal to th
gain. From this consideration, liter returi
from Bat&via, I declined engaging in any ot^
voyage tiU the early part of the year liij
when being at New York at the time inU '
fence reached there of a rev<dntion ini
bigdom of Chili, by which the fkopk i|
emancipated themselves from the royal goi4|
ment, it occurred to me that I might profit br '
This event, by freeing the commer ' i
country from the severe and paralysing rest
tions to which it had hitherto been subjeo
by throwing open those ports to the comnt
of aU nations, which for ages had been sealed
foreigners, seemed to present very flstta
prospects to those merchants who should"
first in availing themselves of it.
The knowledge I aad acquired, in my to;
in the Lelia Byrd, of the wants and comma
resources of the country, gave me advuU|
which few of my enterprising countrymen i
possessed. It was very dei^ble to tun (
knowledge to the best aooount, by planiiiat|
executing a voyage thither. With tbiii
AND COMMERCIAL BHTCRPIilSES.
l«l
litted « plan to that enterpriiing, intdli-
Bt, and wealthy merchant, John Jacob Astor,
.., who, though aware of the risks attending
, was not slow to perceive and be convinced of
promise < advantages ; and, with character-
ic decision, he determined to engage i& it.
As Mr. ^Unr acceded to my terms as master
fkctor, and diowed equal liberality and
i judgment im leaving every thing to my dis-
jttion, an agreement was soon concluded, and
lures immedii^y taken to prepare the ship
to purchase the cargo. His favourite ship
aver (the same mentioned in Irving's " Asto-
") had iust been repaired, at an expense
rly equu to that of ouilding her anew, and
thus rendered proper for the contemplated
Her equipment being under the super-
adence of an experienced and accomplished
nan. Captain John Whitten, who was largely
Bted in the adventure, was in every respect
plete. The cargo, consisting prindpally of
Dpean manufactures, to the amoupt <Mr a
red and forty thousand dollars, and the
with stores, valued at fifty thousand.
Bed an aggregate which, it is probable, no
individual in the United States would
risked ou a voyage so full of dangers and
inty.
[the 26th of June, 1817, the lading being
leted, men shipped, and every thing in
tess for sea, the ship was anchored in the
to secure the services of the men, on
little reliance could be placed while lying
wharf. At four o'clock, on the morning
1st of July, I was roused by the pilot to
board ; anid, in oonformity with previous
lent, called on Mr. Astor, who at this
' hour was up and waiting for me. After a
interview, I took leave, and repaired on
, where I found all engaged, under the
ion of the i^lot, in heaving up the anchor.
Tith a fine westerly breeze and a strong ebb
, we passed rapidly on our way, and were
outside of Sandy Hook, where the pilot
tma. The day was remarkably fine, the sea
1, ind before twelve o'clock the highlands
sink were no longer visible. Before the
Dsed, a tri^l with other vessels bound to
rard satisfied me that the ship sailed
steered easily. The watch being set at
to'clock, as usual, and the course to be
during the night being given, I paced
ck till midnight, pleased with the quiet
had so suddeoJy suceeeded the bumtle of
: away, and gave to the mind ample scope
rell on scenes past, present, and to come.
are few who have not experienced the
ffof bidding farewell to beloved relatives,
liough the time of separation is limited to
weeks; and thence may be able to form
idea of their feeling of desolateness, of
iekness, whose destiny compels them to
for years, perhaps for ever. Nor could
ttering confidence manifested by my em-
Jtoyers, in the superb M^ aadcr mgr eomnaad,
he valuaUe .cargo consigned to me, the entiie
and nnrestrioted eontral of both, nad tiw Mft>
sonable {Hrospeot ei a happy result, tend to diiai-
nish the sadness whidi a iccorrence to hoase
invariably produced. Time, however, and the
imperious duties of my station, gcadualiy les-
sened the poignancy of these fedings ; and hope,
ever-buoyimt hope, cheered the drwping spirits,
by pointing to a period, though distant, at a
happy consummation of my wishes.
Our passi^ as far as the pandld of the Cape
de Verde Islands, aflbrded no inddeat worthy of
tufte. It was none other than the cdm, ua-
ruflled smoothness of a summer's sea, which, lisr
those who are impatient to make a passage
quickly, is mnch more irksome than the boister-
ous weather peculiar to high latitudes.
While passing those islands, we experienced
one of the tremendous tornadoes, so oonmon at
this season, firom the African shore } and from
the eflGects of which misehief may be averted, by
the vraming they invariably give. By dewing
up all sail in season, and scudding before it, we
escaped injury. Such squalls are seldom id
mora than half an hoar's duration, when a ealm
invariably succeeds^ r^nerally for a longer pe-
riod, during which the heat is oppressive, the
atmosphere lifeleu, and the unmanageable ship
is tumbling about in the sea caused by the tor-
nado.
Approaching the equator, we took the wind
so early from the eouthwaid, that I was not
without anxiety lest we might Call to leeward of
Cape St. Roque ; nor were these iq>prehen»ions
unfounded, as, on the 17th of August, we saw
the rocky Island of St. Paul's, wlJch ia nearly
on the eonator, bearing far to the eastward (tf
us ; and ob toe 19th were but just able to wei^
ther the rugged Island of Fernando Noroaha.
Having passed this isUnd, and oontinned oor
course on a wind to the south-west, we had the
Brazilian coast in sight on the 21st, and plying
to windward, were, on the morning of the 2Sd,
dose in vrith the town of Pemambuco, which
makes a very pretty appearance from the sea*
As there was no blockading squadnmhera^
we presumed that the rebellion had been
quelled ; and this suspicion was soon conflnaed
by information firom a vessel, which wo ^ke
immediatdyfrom thence, that the royalists had,
some days since, gained the ascendancy, and had
caused the prindpal conspirat<H« to ba pbt to
death.
Having next day passed the latitude of Cape
St. Augustine, we observed that, as we advanced
to the southward, the wind became more eas-
terly, and finally enabled us to spread dl our
light sails to a favourable* breoK. As we ap-
proached the latitude of the Rio de la Rata, we
spoke an English brig, bound thither firom Rio
Janeiro, on board of which we put letters for
home. As there existed some chance of obtdn-
ing informatiuii that might be vaeM, of the ro*
102
>.V V
CLCVBtAMD'H VOYAOBS
(I
iBtlve vRittifoa^ «t iMurliM ; to CMi< by toa^
irt-llMdoiiiiiBf;'rd«l^r«iin«d«n^lM(lolii9,if iot
dtl'^Vfae' 8tU Of diiptatib«r, ^e W«^ in tfn^of
Si; MaiyX iiL thirfi^ Iktbbifns'water^ the yttt^
th(^ x^ so mck and rain^, tihat, after lying to
sevenl honitt ^th no indication of its clearing
away, I conclnded to abandon the attempt, and
witha faTonrable wind made all sail to tiie
southward.
To avoid being entiidy dqiendent on the
authorities of the Chilian ports, that wo might
enter, for the replenishment of our water and
wnod, I was desirous of stopping at the Falkland
Islands ; and for this purpose, steered a course
that woiihl carry me to the westward of them,
as long as the wind pemutted< This, howevei^
was not long i for bdTore wo arrived near their
pandld, repeated and violent gales from the
south-west carried us for to the eastward of
thein. Satisfied that the time required to reach
them would be unprofitably spent, and our
neoessUies not being urgent, I gave up this plan,
and pwceeded toward Cape Horn.
After experiencing tiie variety of winds and
wesAbfer which are peculiar to a high latitode,
we were favoured, on the 25th of September,
with a fine breeze from the eastward, before
which we made rapid advances townrd the Cape.
The breeze continuing the following day, had
carried, us on so far, as to leave no doubt of
bejflg up vrith theCi^e before morning. Having
by a good observation, at noon, ascertained that
our latitude was about ton miles south of thie
Capot a course vras steered to preserve that
parsUel |< and, with the advantage of a moon-
light night, we pressdS forward, keeping a sharp
l«)ok-<Out for the land. This was descriol at two
KM., in A direction which led me to suppose it
lo-'be the Cape; but continuing our course to
the westward^ two hours, another point of land
was discovered, which satisfied me of my mis-
takei . I therefore immediately shortened sail,
8«r as to admit the ship's being hauled on a
Mriild,.if it dboidd become necessary. Soon after
seethg the second point, land was descried to
the southward, making it evident that we had
been swept to the northward by a current, and
>fcra aotnally embayed. Immediately on this
diaooveiy, the diip was laid to, while we
nhKiously wftited for daylight, which was near
atJband.
When the light enabled us to distinguish ob-
jects dearly, we found that if our position was
not aetually hazardous, our safety was due
rather id accident tiiaa prudence. Bamevelt's
Isltnd was to the southward of us three or four
nsiles,batwe could not weather it. Steering
through a passage which opened to us between
tl^ island And Cape Duoeit, with a fine breeze
f|niHniUoirth-n«rtht«ast|W9 pafsed, within ihrc4
miles of- Cape Himi, at nine o'clock in the morn*
ing, and at noon were wc or eight I^eum to
the nvest^ard of it Thus, with a smooth sea, a
breen to vhidi all our light sails, wieca sprei4 j
anid with ease and celcri^t wn passed this ibr.i
midable and pnyverlnally tinrrifie Cape s the m.!
tural barrier and pledge, fw agos past, forthtl
security of the Spanish possesions on the Oi\
lian and Peruvian coasts.
The next day we qioke the ship Packet oil
Boston, Oaptain HUI, bound to the coast A
ChiU ; and the following night we had a gsleull
wind from the north-west, which Inwu^t a|
under reefed courses. The pravalenc!^ of nort|^|
west gales inrevented our reaching tjbim Island «
Mocha tUl the 15th of October.. In the hopei
obtaining some useful information of , tbe ;.
cal situation of Chili, we lay off and pp sev«
hours, while the boat was dis p (S>(e!h f d for th
purpose; but it returned n/ftw retxuuioiti
the southorn and nastem parts.of.,the.is
without discovering any traces of i|)|l|abit
or any other animal than the wil4 borse.
A supply 9$ water and wood bdng ^now u^
cessary,.I ddermined to enter tho<pori of Til:
cahuana, presuming that, whether in jpoasessia
of royaUsts or patriots, our wants were, nuu
fest ; and that our right to eal^ tiieir jorts k
a supply was guaranteed ly troi^. Undc.^
these impressions, and « halJMf tl^^t I h^
thing to apprehend from either party, while|
conformed to the laws and regulatiQns of
ruling powers, I directed a course for tW pon|^
and the next morning we were abreast, of i
Island of St. Mary's. Having bu<^ aligf^jt br
it was late in the afterooon bofQire mfe badiif
view of the pott, into which iin.<>^e^can siif
was entering, and which proirQd^tiQ be the h
sex of Nantucket, Captain RnssoU.
A light air from the sQwthward ona^ed ust
pass the Island of Qunoquina, whieh forms t
southern entrance to the port; and sow
it became perfectly calm- While th^usbecalme^
we were hoarded by an officarr wbp. had
before boarded the ^ssex, and who^ steted
the port was in possession of the patriots ;
he was a patriot ofitoer ; that the royal flag i
kept flying on the dups then in fiiU view, s|
decoy ; that the brig Canton was in ,fort, i
would be ready to sail for Salemintwp or tbi
days, &e., &c. : all which: waa.falaOt excepti||
ihat the brig Cant<m was in.poft.. •
tAsthe cdm continue^* wf wf^ro, ol^igedi
let go an anchor, and sopn a^ WiTff boanii
by an officer of amMurently aup<pi^,|^e totiy
first. He wore an undfnss roysA imifont>>'
demanded the ship's pap«Ks.. Hnvinfi ei
these, and jremwkoA n dsltei^My- 9( the
leiter, he was about taking .t|Kpi({j|ui|„io wIj
I would not consent, and dftor some
on the subject, he If^the ship, ll^stispici
were now awakened as to the faelf stated i
the first officer w^o.tv>ardf») lu j aMiough<
roborated by the second, if unomt, their < "
must fairly be presumed to be,misduevoiu<t
llius situated, au^ witb nUch apprehfjoi
it was evident tM jiji time wai ^lie loit i>i
AND COMMERCI<\i, eXTeKPRlSES.
103
ig whether it wm most judidotw to attenpft
treat encl seek some other port, or to enter
trating to our right hf treaty. la adopt*
the flrei measure, it was to be considered,
though we might succeed in beating off the
nches, the only mode of annoyance they
ate wliile the calm continued, yet tliis
be with the loss of lives, and with a chance
lilure. If, however, we should succeed in
ting them at bay until a breeze sprung up,
eh would enable ns to go out, the same
id aid the ships of war to parsae us ; and
[poM. no more rationally expect to outsail a
than we oonld snecessfully resist her.
in eiAer of these attempts might be
as a justiAable cause of condemnation. It
less obvions, that, if these ships were a
the royal nai7, the royalists must pos-
the ascendancy at sea, in which case, it
probable that the port of Valpwraiao would
Ckaded; and to be taken attempting to
there, ^r having forced my way from
ith a loyal officer on board to detail the
B, could not foil to be attended
[jKkastrous consequences,
the other hand, howerer vexatious and
ing the conduct of the government to-
^.'os might be, from the resentment they
eel, on suspicion of our intention to traffic
liose they termed rebds, such suspicion
Hot to endanger the ^property under any
stances ; and tiiore especially when there
fthe most undeniable evidence of such
as had been provided for by treaty,
impressions, and in the wont event,
! royalists being in possession of the place,
of the two evils seemed to be that of
^myself in their power, and manifesting
liensionfbr the, result ; in accordance
is conviction, I made no resistance to
ittance of the armed men on board, who
nt to take charge of ns. These, how.
vere alleged by the officer to be put on
"at our safetyi to guard us agaiaipt the
'who possessed the neigfabourlof ttiore
Indi we were distant about one aule.
a breeee early the next morning, we
i antdior, and after making two or three
ler the dbwotion of the pilot, anchored
ontof the town, between the Velos
stiani, men.ef*war. Here a guard
f shore relieved those who first came on
id here we were all eonfined to the
proUbited any communieation with
ft, or with our countrymen of tiie brig
, #Udi lay near us.
8' let of t^e goTernment.-->Tlifl eirew re>
oihrasponJlMi^s with, the Oovemor.—
tag daagsr.— Vltft flrtou the aathoritlei.—
Shawb of'lha 0«temMrv*^i>pti^fb> iilawset
the nieewaeA Kaight- «f La,
tagM nsolii^fniai.inpnmimepit \ ,
natar oTM rore^«ri.-TrvlffuAiM| <mjiM, I
• o«w wnra. — A dcir^tor oF fiatft WhsM not
Ui»d.— The Abbe Sl^eii of "raleahaana^-^Hts
cflgerit reaaou tbr eottfiftcatien.-^opea ajMnlhi^
Uled.— RsMNirem whieh night ptove available^'
In the afternoon our sails- were aHboiit» l»
unsuccessful attempt was made to unhaog th*
rudder, and all (excepting two) «l lAtt seamen
taken away and pat on hoard other shipa. Dttfw
ing the afternoon and the foUewing d*y, aevsnl
letters were interehanged between ^m* militaef
governor and myself, all of wUeh showed th^'
it was his intention to appropitete tha sMp^ mf>
cargo to the use of government. ui m
It was now evident, that we could not k«««
selected a port lin ttie eoait where so mudi aoa
pidon of sinister intentions would he efZdted {
where the rulers would be more hoetlle to us i et
where, from the entire exhaustion of the military
chest, there could exist so^good an ^^etogy Hat
acting on the principle, that ** neeessity knowa
no law." Hence it was apparent, that if eiver
the property should be released, it pnbiAily
wonld not be till after snch a protracted period
of litigation in a Spanish tribunal as wonld wear
out my patience, if not my life.
We now ascertained, that the city of Concep-
tion and all the eastern side of the bay were In
possessson of the patriots, who, with a stnang
force, were besieging Taleabuana, and dai^
throwing shells into the town j while the i«y«l
forces, confined within their lines to the
sula^ were kept on the gui vtve, by the
demonstrations of an attack. ' : -' -
On thefbllowing ds/, we werevirftcd hyaUIlM
important functionaries e€ the govenUMnt, l*«
duding the military governor, a sketeb oimhokkf
which a compulsory aequaintanoe afieirwiidt' en^
abled me to take, may be property introduoad
at this time. The suimme chief, or goveiwk
intendant of the province of Conoeption, was
Jos^ Ordonez, a European, but wlietiier m, At*
scendant of the dne of that name, of whom faxv
notmble mention is made in the history 4rf the
renowned Knight of La Mandm, I oonld no*
learn. He held the rank of colonel in < h» roya l
army, had seen much service in the ]MiM0 mmi-
and, firem having been a prisoner in Vta«4»i Im4
derived the double advantage of attaining 'M«i#
knowledge of the FMaeiv lMgM|«, «iMl ol «e-
qnlringthe happy mode ef appMprialtav Hm
piy>perty of others to their owrt fU^Mttm uMy
wUdi so distingrdshed that aaUoit' tt^^tlM 'tiate
of his captivity. His mattaen wtire thoae «f •
gentleman} and Ms ehaneteip • oonnteifart «•
that which Tadtua had drasm ofTlbaiiBS^ Hk
stature was rather below uldAing i hie 'phyaies^
nomy dark and HsrbiddiBg. Hii<«ye^Uda<liniif
half over the balla of his eyes, §Mrl^umaam
in which a toper is nsually dtmmi and were ■•
r^u^abte, that, 1i»d he Uted in those tlmei ti
104
rr.VTKLAND's VOTAOK8
Tore wtito llie MtiOlitrpiropflitiM of a man gave
him k iiime,tt " LongAhanW "Baldhead,"
ttt. Vt would TfeAmpt have obUdned the lobri*
qnci of " Lopped-ej^."
The eharaater next in importance, among my
fuests, waa Ute (Ileal of the royal Hacienda, or
chief of the eMI department, Don Santiago As*
caeibar Mnmbe, a natite of Old Spain, and a
haui^ of all foreignen. HederiTed his station
•ad eomequence, not lean fmm the scarcity of
men possessing the requisite talents for the
office, than from the effbiis of influential friends,
a prepossessing figure, and a degree of assurance
. bordering on impudence, which gave him a oar-
retacy with some of the most respectable ftimi-
liei of Uma. H^ was proverbially unprincipled,
in a commnnity where morality is but little es-
teemed. After his return' to Lima, and in oon-
fbrmlty with the usual practice of such sinners,
he voluntarily- banished himself from society
dnrint a fortnight, entered a convent, and sub-
mitted to the penance, required by its rules, for
that period ; then came out cleansed firom faia
dns, and prepared to begin a new score.
The tMrd grand prop of the state, te-this
company, vras the assessor, or great law officer,
th(» man who interrogated us, and, by the suc-
eiiasful issue of this labour, showed to his as-
tonished countrymen, that he could detect guilt
wliere none existed. Juan Jos< Eguiluz, the
tUbmissive tool of the two preceding rogues,
was a half-starved, lank, palo, doleful-looking
ABlow ; firom wirom, however, Caesar would have
ted no Apprehensions of the subversion of the
g^r>t^tttmtnt, as he was entirely destitute of any
me iiUhe qualifications requisite, except an en-
- tire vrant of principle. His appointment to the
bttm of assessor must have been the eifeet of
Mind partiality, or of that chance which oflRsred
lio selection, or, pn^bly, of the presumption,
VbMtf in to obscure a place as Tdosihuana, no
dflldal duties irould be required of him.
The last, though not the least influential oha-
laeter, among my visitors, was the commissary
flf tife army, Don Mattias de la Fuente, the
AtiM 8tlyes of Talcahuana. Though a native of
tfah country, the king had no subject more
devoially attached to his government, no one
mho was a more bitter enemy to ^e patriot
etccoMi 1/nth the manners and urbanity of a
gfetlemaa, he combined the dupiidty asiii onn*
kring of a 9panhili courtier. He took no other
reiponstbiKty fai the measures pursued against
tni^ tlkan to repre sen t to the government, that
Ihiere was no money in the royal chftst, that he
%as deatittlte of tlM means df paying the army,
ir&Ofee arrears were so great, and whose necea-
iitiea were so urgent, that aymptoma of discon-
tent aitiotog thrai w«te daily manifeated, and
Uteit waa no oithttr resource for the alleviatioa
'«f that evil, than to appropriate tlie cargo <rf
^ Beaver. "With characteristic duplicity, while
life wii dally miking professions of Aieadship,
and encoitirii^g « hope of tbit teleaaa of the
property, he was labouring fbr its eonfiscatioij
and was earnestly engaged in producing i\A
roAn which he affected to lament. Such vq,!
the men in whose power it wu now my
destiny to be placed. On their fiat hung
fate of the valuable ship Beaver and ear;
and with them my own fortune and fiit<
prospects.
Although the ostensible object of this
was to see if our necesaitiM were as urgent i
reported, it was very evident, that, in reality,!
was to search for some grounds to prove
they were feigned, in order to justify the hii
handed measures upon which they had cvide
already determined. Among other proofs equ
frivolous, they tasted the bilgo-water from
pumps, and declared it to be sweet This fal
hood was contrived to substantiate anotbi
namely, that the water in the hold being ]
table, waa evidence of our supply having
purposely started to make a ahow of ueceuit^'
If there had been any doubts relative to ourfti
before thia viait, none could exiat afterwut
as the fiacal had already been ao hicautiouii
to prejudge the cauac, by declaring the ahip a
cargo to be good price.
It would be in vain to attempt conveyiitg^
idea of my distress, now that I realised the m
of trouble which awaited me. I saw at obj
my fair prospects blasted; the flattering ho| ^
of meeting my fkmUy, with a competency, iti^
very distant period, annihilated; the satiib'
tion of an approving welcome Irom my «
ployer, without a chance ol being rai^sed. I
sides thia, I was conscious that tieae oalanuii
which were only a prelude to oth^ra, were p>
dnced by the mere accident of falling intoi
handa of thoae who poaaeaaed but wttHy nfj
dent power to enforco their viewa, while f
inhumanity would not heaitate to take my 1
tf necessaiy for the furtherance of their
I knew, too, that they were ignorant, evenj
the existence of any treaty, by which the i
were secured; and entirely reckless of
qnences. All these conspred to plunge i
into an abyss of misery; to prevent a pr
ao gloomy, ao oppreaaive, ao inught with <
that the aituation of one oonaciotw that hit ii
waa limited to the next oetting aun, appei
enviable to me.
Such proatiratioA of airirit, however, wa
but momentary duration. Thia waa neither^
flrat nor second time that my prospedij
life had been involved in equal darkness, i
had been auoceeded by days of aunshine;
though I could not now perceive any chana
extricating myself, I felt such confidence tbi
way would be opened, 4hat I soon recovered^
elasticity of spirits which is necessary to em
success in any enterprise.
Revolving in my mind the various
whiah might possibly occur for the recovoj
tlaa propoty, the tot, aktda vaty probablir
«aa the asrival of the Ontario, which, frti^
AST) ro.HMBRCIAt RNTSRI^RISES.
\9ei
I fo the Tpapen of the time of her Miliag
the United Statctt might be daily expect-
I and her preienoe would hove had aa knao>
tendeney to cause ite relcaae. The to*
was Om known increase of the patriot
and the hope that they might become
of the phice before the condemnation
lie ship. The third was thi; hope and ex-
that the viceroy, aware of the inoom-
of the anthorities at Talcahuana to
m maritime cases, no less than of their
of moral principle, would order the ship
aa.
bese were the means which presented tome
chance of escape firom the immediate
lorn under which I was writhing. A more
I prospect was that of the interferenoe of
Dvemment of the United States. I did not
that a demand would be made for this
/, which, nnd« existing circumstances,
be complied with, though probably at so
a period, as to make it ik little benefit
These modes of relief, however, being
to myself, were not agreeable to me, nor
ty fturlOTn situation ever reconcile me to
lea of being indebted to foreign aid to ex-
I me firom my embamasments.
1
CHAFTBR XXV.
lennhiation.— -A taste Ibr liberty.— EMape
< portion of tho cnw.— Comaootion in the
I.— Soapioion of the onthoritiet^—TlMir
1 Tigilanca.— Noiay tontriea.— Snrcb for
u— A litdo more Iiber^.— Arrival of a
liah frigate.— Mortifying poaitlon.— A plan of
). — ^The aentriea put to sleep.— A bold pro-
-Reatons (br it.— 'Cooperation Af the crew,
■apidons eireamstmee. — Praparstiona tat
Dg the Spanish flrigate.—I>sfeat of the project.
irksomeness of being oonfined to the
I of the ship, after a passage d one hiUr
id ten days, was very great; and the
me of arriring at a besieged place, where
' fresh provisions nor vegetables were to
' , though oiroomstanoes in tiiemselves
compared with the loaa of the
were, nevertheless, so provoking, M to
an impatience md irritability, while
ation, whioh was oooasionally ma«
in such disrespectfid and even insulting
as often to break off the ivoceadings ;
netimcs to provoke a thveat o^ imprison-
The questions were put by the assessor,
the medium of a sidlor as interpreter,
' either language so imperfeetly,
thad 6eq«Mit oeeasion to oorreat him.
lious and often ludicroas bnsinaw was
with me about ten days; «fter which,
mates, boatawaia* and two aeMpea,
tuma aubjeoted to « like tedioue «x>
»n.
■\(KMU«*rt/
Needy a month had bsen epeai ia this wait
and we had not been pennitted to go on shoMti
or to have aay WMnMaiwtirwi vrith t haCa at o n fa
men. At length, the eMminatjoa befaig Anid^,
ed, orders weie given that wa ahonld ha porant-
ted to go oa shtwe for eureiso and racwationt
but at a diatance firom the town, and alwajra
guarded by a soldier. We had hem in the en-
joyment of this indnlgenoe hot a tnr dqn^
when, OB the I5th of November, the boatawain,
carpenter, elerk, and three boys, being ashore in
the jelly boat« dudad the vigiUace of the sol*
dier sent to guard them, esci^ed in the boat*
and were half-way across the hay towards the
enemy before the alarm was given. As soon aa
it was known on board the raea-of-war,aUthdr
light boats were seat in pors|ut ; and althoufl^
t^y ai^roachcd so as to be finally within aana^
ket-sbot, and kept firing, yet no one was in*
jured, and they reached the shore in safety.
Their efforts had been watched by the patriots*
and upon their landing, a party of oai«lry a^
peered, to receive and protect them. The ^p'a
boat was recovered and brought bk«dk by tba
pursuen.
This was an event which, as might be expect
ed, set the whi^ populace and garrison in ooain
motion. There were no epithets too bad for
us ; the belief was current that we had an u&<
derstanding and communication wiUi the pa*
triots, and consequently that there ooj^ to be
no hesitation in confiscating the sUp and cargo*
and putting us in prison. It waa fortanate uir
me that, at the time the alarm was given, I waa
with the governor, who, far a moment, auqiect-
ed me of being privy to it ; but after a little ra>
flection, and my assurance of innocence, he ito*
knowledged having done me injustice. Never-
theless, the guard on bowrd had osdera to JM
more vigilant ; additional sentries were plaoM
between decks, who, by passing the vrnrd fiwm
one to another, and thence to the aentriei op
deck, kept up such a continual hawlim «11 ni^t
as mi4e it impossible to deep.
The spanker aad fbrett^noaat st«ym9, wludi
had been k^ bent to fMQitate in kaeping f
devr havTse, were now unbent and taken
away. A aeurch waa made for anai* aad dvoy
mudiet, pisti4, aabce, aad boarding-gJlMt tney
coold find removed. This exceisivftomitJkMifma
annoyance lasted only two or three d»yt^ wtifa
it gradually ceased, and we h«d even. inTce 1^
bwty than before the oocurrenoe. Kod doMlr
in^ that our anus would be taken away,:i|a)«|4
u«ed the precaution to secrete as mpny liitoly
and sabres, and as much powder and btitii a» ^
waa possible occasion mi^ deuuu>4, and these
remamed undiscovered.
On tiia 20th of November, the loy^ nATit
foroe waa augmented by tliie pirival, firom l4i|M^
of the frigate Veiuauua, of fof{lg:.four gunii) a«d
the brigt of war PaauciA and F«tri|lo. Iltwe
tilMa a month liad eUpsed sin^e^itur firivil ( tffi.
ao little had been done toward a deciapoa in opyr
. ctMH IIniI ti« Had itMMlMl AViAiMn*
* Kin tb M 4«vliM MM In tlit i^irMMl imimm
')!«•) vm m\»m (tSMtA hf mm* |MtMi«rf
vilMfft, mttttltM, tf M«l )r«ir«, mnil tNMm iiwtty
N^r* 1 ^tiM i«tt«iMin)r tuMM*! to b* |Hi»vl<l»H
urtlM «IhmA iWMmi>Mii wyeh won rv^iiltMt fbr
mv ow« JuaiifloMtioii (n ouNtMrt Mil «iitl<*r4
%nt<tr«) MAt«M %h»n to tntltt* ih«m to Mih-
mtfiA mm MVltiHg m UtU pnriv wm iMMmMtt-
ftM»» IMifM il th« humlliAUNt poniUtNi In
whMi Y im okl>dl, ImM br tb« lmi|r train
nf «v(b wMcK vntnliT Inevitabijr rwiill In m«
Hmtn tW« l«M of IhU prMmijr, tNd ilHv«n to
tiMIMrtUM hf Mf tMbUitir to B«n>titr« •«?
|M«iM«t «r i tomdwitkiii to wot mlMrjr* I
^rWM nHiMf^UOHi til tn <ira>rt to flnM Ilt)fttt1f»
M M «v{| of leu mugnttoile, tnd th«r«(TiN *»■
t«tmW«d, If t cnubt IniluM nir m«n to Join m«,
to pat In «iemitbm ft ttiftn wbli^h t hwl luiifr nhs
itttoMMl, tMd wblttb, Uu ftU r«volMtiotHU7 moT«>
Montti, wotttd b« il«em<Hl itraitemMrthjr or tavN
Hmii« il tti* muU ahould |irov« atHweMAil or
OtncWflM*
Whtib )]^n^ between ilie SiMnlah tetMl* of
>K%r wbore oor thtp >nu Ant unebored, 1 had •
WethH «niMiontl| of ootleing the ftltMoee of
pMfHt Vki ovdiMitjr dlwi|»line. Diirinf more
tbih i toMlh t pftood tbe Deotrer'i de«k ev«ry
nt|hl, oRlM onU) the middle watch hod neftriy
VMM ftwiyt tad obftervod, UmI more thtw b*lf
mn ^« Hi* iMtriee were m dedeient in viRi*
tUMbk ftl 10 be iMtted eeverel tfrnee before an*
eWfMWg. PoreeMnf tbe tdtMtofee tiiftt mitbl
nudtli ff t «D^d lubitttttto mjr OMwer for thtl
«f tKe MHlrYon boftfd oor eblm I ofVm took the
iNMil^Mdfomid mjr "0krNf* to be M eur-
imt M IMMI of the SMnl«h leolry. I Mlleedt
MAi <h«l ft MOftt nomber of oien were tent ftwejr
UWk liftMMi ewBVy tdght^ to goftrd eomeweftk
Mlall M tiki eftttem extremlDr of the town.
WMli b>lfti«r of ftaeertftiniag Che foftrfbiUljr of
fM iri % iMMtocy our gwnl of twenly eol*
dlll% t IriliA iW ft&Mrimenl of litdnf them ft
«|i «r gM([( Itfsod WiHi ft little kftttdftnu«» wbleh
Ml IIMil Ml iMft ift pnfooad ft aleep fereewHrtI
MMIli* II to |N oi«illM«oftt>ol of Ike sbto I A
iJKWlftilbftli wbH^ wot eoueedod tmm their
I ^ nf "otw^e** ftmii^ iw Hniof ihe
rtKVtl.Attn'i vnYAtiti
ifOHv Mm pIftN t liiM(fMiniiil)MM«t HrtifiMt,
I ImH fWiwtoftT irt^ftitoafti^ ftiid my
Zttft^'^ W jMtft of^r #oM^ iMMwr to
mMh^ lipHl %ftliUt ftUpi of WW, H ftiK
ptlfti%JNK#l if ft tewMftMftOMMrtwdtf
fimmML, 'vimm^wm ^wo iwmtaibi, wo mit^
tolpft tM Bift|PBJftp|> fty» byo
TMe t hod «w w r ln lw»d to fw ibit Vi'iijtftifj
(Inve to finiiMwiilitii f4 ihi* iibl|;, N wpitlit nntf.f
OMlf« mote f'wn two nr ihte^ htitthi hffnrx »,|
immild hftire itftnmhl b«^to NUfhof In (h«* lut <
Mk Vlneenty whifh U nnlv NHhitl ll^it ntllr^ i
iHndwftrd of Tiili*iihminii. Abmit m& tnllp i
nf tbta \mf wi>ro vmNrntftitd the fNtrint (or VI
•leRintf) iimtr» the rnHitniindi*r nf wht(«li (Vj^
nm (hii to p«>'ree(¥«> the Mnmtftfe whl«ti tnnn
wonid hftvethnn thrown Ih Mnmwft inA wn
tnM no time in fomithinf thi> number of miiii r
qnltito Ibr the permrmaliM of IH« nMom dtii^
nnhoerd. Tl«m(> i^miM htMnbiHli^, Mid n r«t4
t«t TftlmkhnMnn r^fhieted in tWlr« mttin fhtinil
time of hftirtof left there, If nCMMiiy i btii k]
INidMMe A Mw AddMiniiAt hfmr#mi|Nt luittt
required to N.\|«««t the mnde of )tttiee«dthf .
trinnroiM end HimnHiineniiii AttActi, hy (hi« |
vnte on one lidOt ftitd by (he pfttriot Armf^
Ihe nthoA wmtid (HinM (h« ittiven^ off
town end Khipttln| In ft very ihOH ftlM.
t Ahmihl then hftve gNlned itMNMtOn of t
ItiHivfT, with the nHfieipftl MM of hcr tergnt
nn bnerd. Bnl thtl cohimnteil otdy a ir
IMrt of my |dAn. Th«i midh bM«M Vrii thnu
revoltttloiiiae ihe kingdom of Peril] ftnd tof
f(Bf t thia perpnae, the wey ipiwarea to be i
And not very ditncnlt, If icoNid tttduee tii«(
linn |<*nerAl to fttmilh m« With the rcatt^
number of men \ whieh, ai they were no m
wantetl el TideAbiiMift, It wae nreinmAltIt I
would rimdily do. With tbi^ VengtnKA il
mAuned, end before th« |Kiellhltlty of mufi
eoont of theae traniftetloM reftchhig iM hl^
Adlng aqUAdron off VfttOArftiib, t Vn>uld p
thither with RpAniah eoloura flying, iheer
able the tiommodore'a ahtp, the BamerAliii, |
fore Iboae on boftrti hftd ftny auapieioM of di
•nd tftke her, pnobftbty withitot toaing a i
The briga of war eompoatng a part of the bli
ftding fbree would then aurtenderwtttiotitj
aiatftnee.
When I hed thai been the tneana of p)«
in Ihe power of the GhtliAn govert^meM I
whole uavaI force of Peru, my pM«6flftt i
would bo no tonger neeeaaify. VM tntftll
ftdvantAge to be derived flrom It ilbiitd Ml
to be penoived end ftokhowtedged by WH
Tbo meftoa of retoNrthmlaing PMrn wtfoM hti
in Iheir power t end If promptly end bidiif '
uaed, emdd herdly fftil of iiifieeM. To pn
ihe poaaibiUty of eieApe ' of 'ftliy IhtelligcM^J
Ihe Pftravkmti ftnd while tm Mel WAa prep
fbrtovAiioii, ftnembftrg wootd be tndispenii
Aa It would bft oh^ooa to the OMltftn
ment, thet their chMMo of aiieeealrwo\itd'i
deponft on diapftteh, Itif preftOffliMe' that i
Ihftii 4Ndhiftry eibrta wouM be mftde for xiti
tAtoAaent of thh obieel. Birtetln|1he bRTofQ
tftOwMh Sptftiah eoMUrl flying, trie peopMiT
lo«»«woiiM iMiNfedlftMdy YMomhe their i
•Mpft) ftnd « they had hftd, fbr AioiurHine.iI
AMD' COMNRlKftfAik <llltiilll>NltRK.
m
tniiilmr irn "hr «MiM< wdmIiI Hmr im MMpl.
[,«(onor Uieir iMtiMff in pMMMik* of Mm mmmf.
^Thty wmildi iiunitkir; W» labMi dampliiMlf^ try
'liulmMi Mora nNNHrvring fretM wMnbi fh«
l/hUiMM WUUllI iui«« tHNHIIIM MMtim ol Um Ibr*
_i, si Ik* Umm, Mid wf tb« ahiMHif.
TbiM» Mnid Uy> prMtura of tmhr i tmit t wtr«
1/ tyltlla kvmfm\ up wilh Ihe pruipt B t •# •
la tajr aflliin i iioMibijr • lirllllaal om,
radttctiiiB to AutM, to ftirtuiie, to tlio vInm.
ittinl vi mjr tMrMoutors» bimIi mora gnMf-
_ i\kUk ■U« to Um raatontiuii of their |»0|Mrtx
.'iuy •mi^loym, wttti altuiulMit •dvantap.
tlM dtMBCnt* OMMUrti tiM aKflMtloN of wMflh
^w 0Msu|M**ii nr stMiiini m wtU « mjr waking
I, tit whieh tM Uvfs « mjrMlf mmI MMidatM,
. Wdl M IboM ol iniMoetit liNUiith Muatn,
b« i«iqwnUMil or Morillmd, I was •wire
\m ttowod bjr ■oina m high-lMiMlsH* law-
aad irfrattcati bv oilier* aa a Just ratalla-
\ fbv tUa iiiiuriaa I had •(ilbrad i and, Ifjr ■
BUinbaf, aa Cavourlng the «0SHta of an
iMil peepUt tm the OTartbrow of a deepoMo
(inMii^ and Um aatabUabniaal of a Ubaral
K iU itaUt bifldjr eeioiueodabla.
1 16 iwronva or feat tha full foroa '•! the
irib bjr whwh I waa^aotuated, It it pnmor to
,to aoma WMiMe in my iMnative, airaady
f ifd,— Mch aa» the fruit .of maair jreara of aiy
baltti awapt off, and mfiolf aod
reduced to ppveity, by the robbery of
] a44i«a«a4^ Maotlonad tiy a wicked jadfa
j-Adniiralty, without a juatUlaUa aasM,
i vtolatipn 0? tlie law* of natioM i D«xt, the
.1, meaa, aod oowaidly maoMf, in
by df^er «l Xapotaon, my veaMl and
rara ijidan flrotn ma by Murat i and now,
at b*^n| viotatad any law, or daviaiad in
JfliM (irom tlM tenor of tha eaieting traaty,
[i|i|in jitrviMd of my property, redueed to
ana goaded with tha proipect of the
In of eviU which were Inevttable. Let
aud deeiily-Aiatreeaing wrongs be
&i home to the breast of any one ; and if
not Qonsidered euflloient to juatify the
1 6n which ( had determined, they will
li ^t(*^ pxtonuating it.
ediUaiy after the augmentation of the
meniloned to Imve taken place on*
of, JNiwemiMri ju«h. MCttaity area felt
^i^thQrltitp of TaMuuna, aa iodaoad
retonA,tq tha B«av«r har ahi^'a com*
ao, ,excepj\iu|p thojie whoihid aaoi^ed to
] hf^beao iMptftajidavMM final the
»Vr apival. ^this naa • mMiwa X had
\ aM bvit for f^Uali tha pla^ laaal
en aoaBdo;Md, aa I had im aaeaaa ta
Jiway from the abi|^
rdAyai^c.tha animc' thaVaagaua,
vaaaalf oC wy put to aaa, leaving 1p
ii4aa tM ahlik^only tha Sabaatiana* a
vefMh Tha activity and aatar*
^ , waa auch aa to iMka a la-
i o( ail tha oMa Utqr aonld vava
8
Mm Mlpa m WIf , to MMUL MfMlg NM MBM^ Um
fn\ti^ AM of llM Imn. 0» lUa
diny. and tm thai hMolM ilMwhan^ ao mmf
mm wmra nm mm n, that Um Vn«taM waa ailMi
hrfl wtth alMn of a iMbdNd oft bMrtli an4ttM
oMwaf tha nthef alilp wai waaatfted fpfopattfanH
aNy. Tha Mme, therelpra, hid now mmA to
Hialufa Mm plan, and to pnl It In aaaaftUon wMh
tha hMat deiavnoealMa.
The graat MAciaey and aaattofl ntanblta to tw
observed In aomdlag the man^ aod u aaiartiiii
Inf If thoy woald engaga heartily In tha ^enlani
plated enterprise, must he obvioua to all wha an
oapahia of appreelaMn| tha danger of trMthig to
salhara a aaeret tnvOlviaf m<A aonaeqaanoaa ai a
diaaovary troold ara a ta. h woihl have haan
manMhatly Improdant to opan lh« ^an ta tha
eraw pneraily, moeh befiire tha time Whan 1*
wes to be pat In exeention : ibr, ttMOf^ I had
no doubt of thefa' fld«Utv, yet aa aotaa of than
would get drunk when tbey had an epportwi^,
the aaeret nrighi eacape them WMla In that alan.
(MMshif a proper Um«, when leaat Uhaly to
aMraet tha attention of the guard on botnl, I
Invited two of the most trnttworthy of my man
into the eabini when oarefhUv ahotthig tiM
door, and hmking all roond to he aaf<a that no>
body eould hear oa, I began by eaoraaahig my
aalisfaction with their conduct since leaving Naw
York, and my regret at tiM miafortona wa ware
now aofbrlog, to which 1 oould paroalva no
proepeot of an end. I then obaerved, that aa It
waa alwaye an oh)aet vrith ma to proaMia, ai
much aa waa in my power, tha httpgHMm and
aomfort of tha men uadar my oommaad* I trualad
thay warn aatiaflad with tha treatment thay |Md
raeaivad from me thua fhr{ towhkhthayratdQ|r
aaaaoted. Thah eurioaity aaaowd now to ht
alive to hnow what was eomhif next t pareeiHai
which, I aaaorad tham of my eonvtetlon 1^tttS
ship and cargo woakl ha ooddamiMd i oi wUMb
they alao aaid thoy had no donht. I apoka to
tham of the outrage of thia act, paifbmad by
ignorant blookhcads hi defiaaee of t M^ififtli
treaty made with their kioa } ttatid to thi%
that though reaUtuthm would ha nnd^, U woiUa
ba ao kmg flrat, aa to be Uttla heneflciil to fti|
that wa had no other proepaet befera oi Hum
behig Mtte a atianM land, vrHhmi tbf MMiMi
of anpport ) thai tamenr to aidMUt to audi ervritb
while any maana o/ itdroM wia Wttttn^
read^ sronld ho dJagracaftfl; that any Inaiiiifihn
howavav vhdant, for axtrleallnfii otuadtofj 1|wt,
not OBiy JoatiOaUa, hot mecttotxkmai'ind tttt^,
by a wett-tfanadand hoU effinrl, w« ooida 6Uitm
tor ouraelvea Uberty, fortuna, and Um ofiaalba '
iHenrafour ana ml e a. They dadSind« UmI no-
tliing wanld plaaaa them batter fhift fo rnajp
i4i a«y phm by wWeh thav eooU gat dmci
tiMaa &ty Spanhwda^ and gfva tham ia jmtA
wUpping, ha whiah, MMy aai^^ their kneir !«»
maaafUMBaatairvraiilheavMhrMft. '
IUM»alaladtotlMa»myaOMMIoa vi ^
pmaUoahUity af tm MaUHOwnh^ mmMk
t#M
dtiMtfthANnti v^nr^nM
^ \m <^«fff«HH«^ til it«^ hft^tMf t^n^r**^ ^
iftw« <iS^iHrt««n; I M(i«««>«t «^M^ «HftM MvMt iHMt-
hlik¥it limi^ wt» ^m\)» tw>^ kwt^^ t^hmr
«♦*»**♦ »K«» «Nf *>»f««<w Kwo-iw^W*, ^'S ^'^ mh
i^f mm, hwli »w ¥f^%>^ lw«ttinw»«i> wtt^ H^tw
Mnw «tlM M HH *HVmM«th^. M Hf *)i»«hi'M^ hmA
YWNp^^^x**i^ Id's WWif wT iwMW ^^^^ l^^^i^WMf <H n
lM«m HMtKHHHlt Wp tWM rMMHHf IMM t»MllN|t |h|
W« m Mtl> •tMHUM^It, 1lHHr« im% WltiWi
•l^ltwIviMK MttU »Ih> twit M*Mt«4M MtlW««t| ttlMtltH
unit lntMi^«Nf|ii nf «iHHlrtW, pumIiI mi Uvf \u^
ttvtti^ Wt««)« WKlllint *i^* H«H>k« t «MW>«Kil In
♦lMM« ♦h»' i»tiWi ImiiHf , T« |nt>tt»tmi rtmmiMMinnd.
iMItt fttttMiltMMt PVtltHtrr »!«•» t NtinKt MOijr i^n.
<t«l«» (M th»Hi. All I hmi IINMH|Mt««|. tiMt Kt«
mtMwl u» tv*Btt»UUv, If thf mrH >'«»M W .|».
vmMtm i^H, unit «i^NtlMf Nfti^htt tw (M«HM)tit)rii,
li« tilWMtWiw. o« MMrtlnKt I H»«vmmr»«i»«d tn
«tt»t«t hs In» ttfllani iti m«tilti*«tmli tiltMr»f(«ii<iii
t«liiMn> t«i tK« i|t«rH^tM«» HT tItR «kiliH tht* tiimn I
In ttw it«|r Mr HbHtt wl^cn mimi tfrvnintH^il tu «l».
•i»tt«<#« i>f mi»«, thf j»l»»^ rtf ili<)m«H t»f uMitll •^m^
Mniti |pMtitr«U(r, iMT #vi»vy ihlnft wtttdt tlmuiti Intil
tw »W nwt^wi^tMl *i*MMMt«ll(ihm«Nt «l Mill «Kn|
(H vl»»,
AHttnttllh I ItMtt Hit M|t|t|vhDH»bM« hf AHir tin*- 14{
mt Vkwmhm i^mvltm tt'iifHWl* jwl t« U «l«ti««ii'
tttMt ttlHT In lt«H||<H- In thtd^Mt M M>HH>t «it «»
WHiH|r InitlvlitniiU i mhi*. t»hi>ti» llf^ U iHVoltvd.lm
MMl«t«» MiHInnt if (Htnibtts to llU Hrwi ttt J i«iv«
HHllty. It h*rt Whh «W»^> titM «« 9«li«lij^i
{» MMlMnn In lH« nn'n *«H|nlml fttr lltn unfrnml
mMmm mi^ RltnwH In \k» m tltmit (ttr w>\\m\
mipNlt mh) lH«n In lltM nAntitrntn n( 9»iniU;t|
ntiMi titr Ihi^ ntMtnn^ w«nt> K^nklMt tiMHNi^Hh am^ I
Ihim iMt* thlM. Unntttt^ir •Ainn«Hni» mtn, U ««
ii|[ti>«4 «nui ih« iMnnw llntn n)i«>N ln« ntltKi
w»nM Iw m««<«» Mlh »« wH^nrij nC iMit h^iiii
UMA Mnt «rllH • (^ invi^nHfti n( kimhmm, U n
now 11in««^A)r« «ntlliti> Bumitur M«iii«tUMH|t«t
tbtvmlnmt «m m th» tkf t~lU gtnidt iit<« in
|nni«nt iIrj^^m \ipMi«h t«« w«it) bt Hpm liM^
w «tw»ih. lit* tn»»trimtin| Iwm rtnyn *ri»w
In KiiMt Mntl«if« b«l MHMi^ iiiM)4di»to Mr tMn
^nntinwftllnn nHnnM ik«i»ri tii« nttollUiliil hU
MMt I n«» fSkU^r ni|N«HnniMi tittH
" l ii Kn ni n m« ttcUMD t»f « tl»«(MlKtl >'<dM||
AniA i)k« Hut tM«ni«iM» M ih« Inltt*'^ li
ttW« « )|»ti«ni«MM«ft« nir hltianni Amm •
Yhfi fNMl^tti MMil itM> MMtM tnilhiliiiito
Ah» lV«kW In lemimk t «nill lb* MnKi nf m«H,
|,lVi» n> M \\\\\\lt MM(|tVMI« mMm IkMt
liM M«(«n» iMr nn («iMH««tiiiH«*^
l>« VHiky I WM niMti)4«il nmt v4 i\w lii;)
wrtMng hMlMt} Ut m^ <l»mrtr <MkU Hi Mr. Amvt
•MiA <Mi itt«niligr •(IwfMtnm m tXi mi «l i *
•iwM MtaiMt ftgrvdl (Mil *i llw «titt)uH» o( 1^
l»«rm lltin tdMiM bi Mm In thn •Kti>*«M
^HUk M UhI« «bMM» nt fti«tM| iMjrM. on
«MiiiM|t«nM(^itkMi« M«l ntMniiKlk m mm]
^i¥cf m^ ioimaAttMMil Wpilth I Mnt Um N*«i?
DkvMKMi ttT AmAiKf IM wtvtftHniit Awnim tH«Mn ; V|i
M I)m cottiiMtyv ttt wN»«tu(tl l«> h« r«>"' «(«•
MitttMWi (Vh tW «n><y«l ist lb« «WU'v« )to<il^
i >wi M >*w <t t,tk<t!t% ttt«lu«(v« nf llt« ' .^n («n Iim*
ilwlKfl«tti« AAmt t«U)l«|t » nnm W of ^fiiKl
mef at^iM, •n«HM«)«i(|iMiUii|tK« mimMri?
IMN'toM 1^ ««^ Wit llw MMntr in «w
Sst% l«H«IMI>lll«t/lt. r«»tlH»»»l«1«IIK».
IIM
Mil Hw'tiH
iliiMWntInn,
MmMUnni.
<\\M fet» •♦»•
M« ihf MmM
r wHtAK littns
i^lMf ««<■"(
Hi U «I»iiIi«ii
M>«i «H4 nfiM
LmMM. U«l
\«t£
,1 Itl i>t« till I
Kli ^^ tit**
(h^lr NfHn ^ri> ttt li» l*M> t<n<ii'^ii(ii»t. tlN> hM
ti«t|Mtrm Nl ltl« tmuHMH* AmmIh^i ht «mf>»iHii<
I, MO »1«H If't^miHm' WUH WJllItt !»«• Mil* M^MtH Hf
If «|l"<i»tH»'HN« Wf nil Mf «« W'Olf •Mhfl N|«|<#IH'
f«»<t| h» \hP mill* Ih »l«lfVi»'^irt ti»|«iitf« rtf (tifM Mf
ly Nt1»< (^rHl4l<. HHtl t Ntti*!* IH IflU Ml. *-(*()«((
AlMt«t( ItflHH »«»«flt |-»<»>i««»ltm| Ity |». tl»l» (HIH
l«« Mil HH" ItMMit HMrt l«Hlllll»1»'» #lllH» U *t»
WllHf iMMilfi •'lht(ii*»' «» Hil»«««nw»M of ♦l»»«ypi»f.
witU'lt tirt(liln|| of H<»* ItlHtt «««Hi hp \wn$\nra
HmrwIrtUt ♦«»• Ii«m im li(ifm»i«y wHI» ♦hn
r^rt« \ HM HtM^J-tHltUlh* Af H«M M'»'l»i»«k tlti»
i<im*fv «»tt»Mt wiMtl l»H«(itMf vpI h^itttM !« Wmw.
|ii(i(> m fArlv tlill Ih Mtt* MftnK «t*it(*HiilHly Hi
J WtmHH'ilHI^t !♦♦♦♦ fMllV Itf »»»♦» ♦«♦• »rt»«« wf ♦!«••
liint, Mi«>t In MiHlit« «tty Html iirfAn(t«^«*Hlii wHH
fiif lltU |ttir|^«tms MftK fl(it«hln|mt «iiiti,
H |tfH»ttl»«» Itt r»«lt«fH lt« ll«>' rtttMWWtH WllH M
l«i» Vfl^ltfil l(» iHif'rtw, f wnlkHl llM* frl|tlil«*li
HH 1«(tni> Wtitt (ltl> iHNft^t Ktltl ItMl H* fl»4l< Nft
ItlHliy M milll fWltnitlNt rirHldllllllt Nil ftiO
KNil(4H« Whl(«H Wl>r(> (IflpHNttf, MHfl Wlll(«h
IIIMIHCHI^ ♦« (♦•mvlMHr HH-. ♦Iiill' If HMI' IflfH
ft>«otN(i< Il4«*t« «rii(i m ilniiiit (tf II riimirAlili>
nt no miittv m(*h Rhmihi c^r ili* miMinnntt, lit
J i)»Hg«Mfi (tif tiltt|l M tHt* IHHiA tlll««*i If «VM
Ml Itiil (h« tAHlmi'R Wm(« wHH hntr ttti*
%\m ol men, t\\m*A Up M\\\»g alttiMt nnnr
I M|m1i$i Altd Cmt tAfliPh ttii^y unw Hip n^ntpr'n
il» wilU Um tothAt tiktf, gu lit IliP «(lirl«(«iit-(1
of lUa likiu, lh«)r •hotikriit i<tungiM« «n tlif*
'- h ^irHllii ;He Ctuiloirii inpu ilioiitd lin
in ^Uwhin (iff lltp nUttitilon nf Iflii npn-
or, ikkUtiv III tlilM, to Dttiiltih IWfM IliPm
iriii*. Tm« huNtR* (i-cw, iitountlng Rlmiil-
ity (ill «f<t4M)ltii kklcn nf iHe iliip, wniitil
Ity cIMi ih9 iW'k (if ih« Mndnlnrdi \ whltR
s«m« tHomniit fHttM* ((M(|(n«l)#«l in tmni
i\\p fttrt'hniMll, Mfid tA (tut ihfl mibl«>,
IwrfHnn ili(M(< iIiKIpr, iHif, wllh tho M»*
IIIM41 itftttii hiii(iR« Ittowlnf Aitmif «HHi of
i)',We iMNiH hn w«1l ttniter urijr ft«ror«
111 ^ftHiUI tM vlirm fin hMird th« dfihiil'
Stieh Wli iM g(»n«niV fitn, i*hi«h, Af
> niUil liH^ bMit vnrttrf W <^nttttg«n0l«a
H>il«lw>.
ItKK |itii( It it'elHflk iv1f«n T l(^ (hfl f^igHfl
' tiifrtdH to thil n«liv«r; Nfid (lif <nrtin «mi*
HiIii tvAi vtty iitifigmil. Witft iin Hit«ti«
f atiitiMy^ltlvti litny l)« mor« en<f/«ott*
Mi|«*«l fliitd )I«>««h1I»««Ii I Wlll«)l|#«l Mm* INNHMtftlMll
*hm |«l**ln|| flMitttti ami llm HiHI aniihftti
#l»li«li ill-i« ♦wmfrt lif bhIImm ffil'a.|i««r(»i imMI
fHi* ««iit hH^ |)ii««i>il M)<^ tttfrl«liiini rnifl fMi |ir<tt^
tt^f Itf « liriirfii tTii< nftt nittrit ftimtifii||(M|t. Htii
I tttlthl M<»(tii utiHttfiilr lipfnm rfanii t*lil«lt
Wfiiilii ht> lit Mtti«> f«ir 114 1 wii tHiirfiAt^ii iMlntlnlAu
fffftH tliH iinpfttinf t'l Mt« ■«(M>r« tin li(Mir«l^
whli*ll tnnn Hiifl Min ilf«lr«>il pffm-i, niM dtirllif
fti*> nffiirttnnti th«>r» «>«ii«lH n«« nMiwflff t« (tii#
AtmlHf nilr«i<l?M. tiitti l«i mnlilnp rvitff n>4fni«iMii
|irf<|tiiriifli«n n* mir I^Htiirit, llnl tlm ifiitiwMiir]^
#lnil «*iiHi«* finl I unit U mtnt hi* tlMvM m m fiM
nmi-liNlilii fNH, lliiit iH N f\i^ mht^r*, iH tlii«
«0iiiiMN nf Ht# yMir« m •Hiihi uniHIi winil bktiv*
nN ftiK ii««irii||i« iilnM#«>n Hut* mil nf lwi^l:y, wM
uliniilil IliiVK fhlii t{nf nn\f IIhM Mm frnm (Ini
♦mrMittHfil Mill oiilifi*. TltiM ♦»«■« wn cntnitHMi
lit » ♦•nil** wvw HfWrh i»i» hurt n« iwittnl, t«
iti>ft>r Mtn i>tix>iiM«Mi >if ntir ptn^ti tm amMm*
WM»V< IN nnr |tn>iif illM^tlnlmMtl.
fl^ffliMa nf tlm «ltMH|h««lftffii#lif. ftftn|(|rr«»tM NflMft
Iff fll«iif<>«|)!tt(|iimfM dlNH) fif iNNiltli.'^AnNlfMf
«»)it«<ii «<f h<i|)K Ntinlhllniod. llrMrir fim«fM«(ti'o
Th« v#*««l and ottftn <*««ntfoMinii^.— A|>|H)al fWtM
lli«> tliwialon.— PrufirMH nl lh« fulrlnt mum !•
OhllL— NnydUt ntiiif»*r«;«tn«tr(i.--A ri«# Ju^iik
-^MofiM rnflvMl.'- f iiHull bt i(i« Pnlrlolir^
'l'li«lr di>Aia( «( tulin.— trtMAiiflif of (tin KhjkU
III!.- 4 MaflMiiU <U(M««»flff — f»Mffi»MI»fi «f fM
N«ty«tlM «f«iir.- -WttuMWfiKwtftl ftf fTMIlKft h»<l#»
Miiiili>tii<ii.>^nliiifMy «f iMi (loMf Ift.o^f 'Mw«Mf<f«MM|
in itia Mitlhuri
Vnittiiiii M Hm YifKni iMwiii In M«i« flMd tlltmffl,
t hiMl M ifr«t«i«iitifti«iiit lh«i Mdti • «wltiaM«rfMi w
fliVniiriifili> (ftnntmfff MtMtm wntiM nol af Mn otem*
I tiAd lim>n «in» itaya t»ll)i IIm iwiwcN wi a n g n tf
a)itirnN(«filntf f%im, wtildti 1 aiHki a t n wwii i« «v«M
Ity ^nl(f ba»iilnt« Itiilr imMMNicMfntty^ On iMi dtf
<mM*«Nt<lin|r Mini nf *h« lfil«fl«liA iHMki th« f»v«r
ra||tf>(f III a i l qtrNi itii4 fmdaftM < k i 1> ri w iii > Mitf
M waa tiifl Mil MMHiy HIm MfrtrMofi rif « w«alt
rtial f «wnlii» tif $1111 cwHMrtottafidaa nl my aMiw*
Mnn, Id MiM Hlannriify IImI f wm ir«ry iU| MmI f
WM In my Mfl, iHtli Hm wiMnM^ mi4 thai mf
iMt Wftffl vnry a«f a firMM 1ti« afitenl nf HHMfln.
ThfMt Ml wf>H M 4Tia rmfoMl* mtAki\m$4 tutM
K^MifinMI ny ItiA Mifgann of tlMi MliwiMHif
1 1l0M#lltl| Wnff tiNn MMM iMMMnwl|' MiMllfit
■till kind, from IImi Aral, ami to ivlMt% 1ft Mf
MmN||[0, I ran m|i|mM(I i^fiMya OT' cpiyMlnflMS
i*pltli#lii
(Myftf r niM iMwin mnhnimI fipnni tMi mmmm
idfnnr nf hmlili, la MMh mtMni* wMhtuMN it
wnnid ti<f|iilrfl muftt tlin« and tm* to imImw
tMftT)iif1i»9tM« piirhiidi f 1flMrffe<l tlMt ttM k*.
nH^ftnf liNd HI Mm mi nmmiH wpoitt ttim mm
fMnnd Mt Mitry liilo «h« imm, m tlM UtMl
no
CUftVBbANO M .yOYAOBS
Deecmlm, Mid that aft«t 4Avoral hours of bard
flghtk^, tlk^ had been repulsed, with the lou
•f' three httiMlred men. Thus was this source of
rdief aaiihilateid.
'While I was in so feeble a state as not to be
abk to sit tip In miy bed, an officer was sent to
me with all the papers relating to tfae process
&r atjr csamination, and a message that they
weoM'be left with me ten days ; in which time
it was expected I should make my defence, or
■iqKrint some one to do it for me. Indignant at
svch insulthig cruelty, I desired the officer to
take himself and papers out of my presence, and
Bot to appear again iwtil I hind sufficient
•trength to express to him, and those that seat
him, my opinion of such barbarity. He made
no reply» and went away, taking the papers
with him.
All my long-cherished hopes of extricating
mjicL' by a cot^ de mam were now gone. The
two mates of the Canton had gone to Lima.
The Beaver's men had already taken themselves
off in various directions. The- discomfiture of
the patriots had obviated the necessity of weak-
ening the ships for the defence of the town, and
the prospect before me was no other than a long
course of litigation in a Spanish tribunal, with
exhausted energies, and with no chance of a
auceessful result.
The first and most important object was now
to regain my strength ; and this was to be ef-
fected under every disadvantage and discourage-
ment. The delicacies which are almost indis-
pensable to convalescents were not to be ob-
tained at any price ; even an egg was only occa-
aKuially and with difficulty to be prociu-ed, for
Hkb eighth of a dollar ; and a chigken, or tender
bird of any kind, was not to be had at any price.
My ^ipctite, however, as soon as I could walk a
little with assistance, became keen, and it was
apparent that! was gaining strength, under the
•canty and wretched fare which was proeiurable.
While in this feeble state, official notice was
aent me of the condemnation of the vessel and
cargo. This event I had so long expected, that
fbe information did not affect me, as was in-
tended { and while I was permitted the indul-
gence of my quiet and comfortable quarters on
board the Beaver, and could employ myself in
the contemplation of some mode of rescue, my
aund regaijMd its elasticity, and my strength
was grtrtiually increasing. As in duty bound, I
appealed from the decision of this tribunal, from
a persuasktn that some- of the vicissitudes of war
would yet afford ma a chanee for the recovery of
tho property, at a higher one ; hence the fate of
my own affairs depended so much on the deci^
•ton of the contest in Chili, as to produce an
interest ia the movements of the contendiog
/oroes, not inferior to that of those who were
«(!ti^l]jr engaged.
vvit ia most pnabitble that the coinmander of
Mm pMiiot army had. information that ships,
hifih wcvecouvfljping a graat aingpnentation of
force to the roya) army, Itad sailed from Limi,
as on the 5th January, l8ld, they abandoned j
their position, set fire to the city of Conception,
and retreated towards Sa.iu, in-. The troopi |
which had defended Talcahuana took possession i
of the deserted and riuned city, where neithet 1
provisions nor booty, nor aught but desolatiua, '
was found. .
A few days after this event the fleet arrive
from Lima, having on board four thousaid '
troops, under the command of Gene'h^ Osorit !
the son-in4aw of the Viceroy of Peihi. The^
were good-looking men, well-equippe^, and otKf|
half the number were veteran^, who had assisttf I
in the expulsion of the French from Spain. Thj
partisans pf royalty were now ntiatly dated, aii^y
confidently predicted the subjugation and tru i
quil possession of the country, in a very limit -d'
time. The persons designed to nil the Offices o|| '
the civH department of the government cant^"
also in the fleet, and among them Was one wbi
possessed more liberality and intelligence thu
is usual wi^h his countrymen. This man, Mr.
Peroyra, was appointed to the office of fli^
oidor, or judge, of the supreine tribunal of
Santiago. With this gentleman I became inti.
mately acquduted ; and from frequent conver»%i
tions with him on the sul^ect of the seizure d
the Beaver, as well as from indirect sources,!
ascertained that he condemned all the proceti
ings of the government of Talcahuana toward -
us. I was therefore encouraged in the bclirf
that whether the case was carried btfore lb
superior tribunal at Santiago, or that of Linu
the decree of condemnation wonld be'Veventd
But how many dreary months were to be won
away before arriving at this consttmniation, n
not in the power of the best-infornied to detv
mine.
After a few days spent in I'efreshing tk :i
troops, and making the requisite pre|>aration fn
transporting the baggage, the royal army begs ij
its march in pursuit of the patriots.' They mtm
a fine appearance, as they moved forward vji
all " the pomp and circumstance of gloriot
war," and with a confidence inspired by a beli^
in the superiority of their own prowess and &
cipline, and the greatest contempt for that^
their enemy. The governor intetidente of tlr
province of Conception, and successful defeniic
of Talcahuana, now advanced, for that defend
to the grade of brigadier (ordonez), aecompanM
the army, as second in commahd ; and from tk
very contemptuous manner in whidh I had t
quently heard him speak of the patriot fnrc«
he coidd not expect to meet much oppositio
or much of that toil, priyattbM, and danf
which usually attend an iifivadiitg artny.
In their march to Talct, which is about hit
way to Santiago, they uici with no iiiterruptit*
but, soon after leavingihil .town, they camt f
sight of the enemy. Theire was Mme akin# .
ing between them on the Hth and W*
March, and on the 18th kp 60tisideiMble vM
rere en^ageu, and we piktnots so much out-
k»inibered, aod, by their resistance, so disap-
jtinted the hopes and expectation of the royal
tmmanders, as to convince them that a coup
main, or successful stratagem, presented the
ly chance for their own safety. Consequeotly,
ith a desperation justified by the danger of
ttr position, they made a sudden, and, to the
temy, unexpected attack in the night of the
1, and with such complete suece^ as to take
, their baggage, twenty-nine brass field pieces,
four or nve thousand muskets ; they killed
, wounded lietween two and three thousand
and dispened the rest so entirely, that
remained no obstacle to prevent their pro-
ling directly to the capital. A victory so
plete, St.) important, and attended with so
ag loss on the part of the victors, corres-
}ed with the expectations of the royal ge-
at the outset, and tended to confirm them
leir contempt of their opponents.
|ie cause of independence in Chili now ap-
id to he desperate. There seemed to re-
B] no chaiice of recovery from this tremen-
iblow; and to submit to the mercy of the
iterora appeared to be the humiliating and
i^alternative. But, fortunately for them, the
tion and confideuce of the royal com-
Bra was such, that, instead of pushing on
capital, while all was dismay and confu-
lowith nothing to prevent them, in true
1 character wsy remained inactive six days
Tliis gave ample time to the discom-
.patriots io secure a xetreat, to collect
•catte^ed. forces,, and to combine, within a
aites of Santiago, an army which still out-
$red that of the royalists. So confident
the royal partisans at this place, Talca-
. of the immediate and con^>lete subjnga-
^«f the country, founded on the official des-
of the commander-in-chief, that many
inhabit4]ints, expecting the surrender of
icaiso to succeed that of Santiago imme-
f, were about embarking for the former
their way to the latter. We now, for
It time, considered our situation more
tan that of our countrymen at Valparaiso,
tiem there might be some (perhaps a
lea for contiscatioQ. With us there ex-
ly the suspicion of such ; and a court of
about being established at Santiago,
I we had much to hope.
these transactions were going on with
lies, the conuuissioners at Talcahuana,
ed to unlade and dispose of the Beaver's
jwere busily engaged in that duty. It
i, however, that though the country over
had coutrol was entirely destitute
.jnanufacturss which composed the Bea-
' |Fgo, it vas so poor as not to be able to
I^jpne'-half i and heiice, with all their
lie cioniRuisioaers were unable to supply
jssiti^ of tlic arniy i on which account
i were received from head-quarters to sell
AND dbSf^f thciVt' EWfliBfi'RlSES.
ttt
t tHk ihhi. This a|q)eBred to be giving the flinW
ing blow to the business ; as, after nie, aad ov
the event of a revocation of the decree, nttotrnt
tion Tvould be out of the question^ The oo^
hope upon which I could now lean was, either
that some decisive action should take piaoe he^
fore the ship was sold, or that orders should ar*'
rive from the viceroy of Peru for the ship t»
proceed to Callao ; and this I had urged in •
letter to the viceroy, forwarded in January.
After the retreat of the patriot armyf there
was no restriction to the direction or extent of oar
rambles on shore ; and as they were condueiw
to health, scarce a day passed without myi
taking an excursion of several miles. In one of
these solitary walks, while crossing a field of
thick underbrush, between Talcahuana and Con»
ception, I was startled by suddenly coming u|K>n'
an object whose whiteness formed a contrast<
with the surrounding shrubbery. On approaeh-~
ing, I perceived it to be the skeleton of a niair
aiid horse, who had, doubtless, met their fate
on the day of assault ; had been stripped of
whatever was valuable, and l)een left nnbaried '
a prey to carrion birds. The warrior lay by the
side of his horse, each a perfect skeleton, the°
bones blanched clean by the sun.
It was now about the middle of April ; and if
there had been no interruption to the progresa-
of the army, the news of their occupation of the
capital ought to have reached Talcahuana.^
While all were in daily expectation of hearing^
cheering news of the submission of the rebelst
or of their being driven beyond the Andes, and'
the consequent termination of the war, rumours'
were afloat that the enemy had Collected in soelr'
numbers as to make the possession of Santiage
dependent on another battle. The followtng*
day it was whispered, with an air of secree^>
that the royal army had lieen defeated. Tm
news was confirmed the next mdmihg by the.
appearance of the c6mmander-in-chlef, ckbtiOf
who, i la Buonaparte, had effected his escape,
with ten or twelve followers ; the only remains
of the proud army which left here a few weeks
since. Ordonez, and nearly all tlie oflkets ef
distinction, who were not slain, were made pri^'
soners.*
This decisive action, which annflulated the^
prospects of the royalists and estabHshed the
independence of Chili, took place at i village
called Maipo, within a few leagues of the capi-
tal., on the 5th of April, 1818. As the general,
in his flight, passed through the city ef Concep-
tion without stopping, the inhabitants very na-
turally concluded that the enemy was at hand ;
and the scene of confusion, terror, and dismay
which succeeded, beggars description. These
truly unfortunate people, whose attachment tOv
* General Onlnnes, antl a nnniW ttf Ather roVit'
ofHceri captured at the b title of Maiiio, were tetit
to Mendoxa, on (h* east side of the Atidea, aatt w«n^
tt^t>rwar1!4 till )nn«>iicM(l for iltcgMl ««iia(i4ffacj^i' . /
n)
6te^^t(tANU'R ^OYAOBS
i
}
their kiag hi4 Imluotil Uitiu to AbMndok their
ImMim (Ml the MlvAttoe of the |Nitrtot furcei, and
vhv h»A. raiurneU to their dilupiUated Uouses oa
liNretrtatof the •naiiiy, were again compelled to
Afi CMtyinf with thsni whetevcr they had yet re-
■riiininfolcnvivlue. During the two aucceeding
dajra, the luad Utding (roni Conceutiuii io tal*
Mhuana waa lined with htaded cattle and carta \
vith naett and women, old and young, each opr-
rying aa mueli of their furniture aa they could.
Vtor Bush a audden Influx into Talofhuana, ao*
eommodation waa di^utt to be found) and
aiany faniiliea» who had aeen belter dajs, were
glad to oocupy a ahed, a aiable. or any place
that aflbrded only a partial etteUer from the
weather, wliick waa now becoming very Incle-
menti Uut even here tlicy were not safe ; at
it was evident tliat all the force, whicli could
ponibly be muatered, waa not equal to defend-
ing one-fourth of the extent of the lines. Con-
aequently, if the enemy ahould ap|iear suddeidy,
no other resource remained but a retreat to the
ahim. Aware of tliis, the conmtander>iu-cbief
had iaaued orders for every abip to be put in a
state to proceed to sea, at a moment's notice \
and, aa a preliminary step, they aet about em-
barking tb^ moat valuable eflbcts.
The acting captain of the port, tavira. was
appointed to the command of the Oeavcr, of
wni«?U he gav« me notice by letter, at tbc same
time expressing a wish that t woidd leave tiie
ship immediatelyw 1 replied, that, to iu»til\' my
leaviitg the ship, I must, in tlie first place, have
an order to that ellRect, aigned bv the com-
mander-in-chief) and, in the next, that suitable
apartmenta and food must be provided for my-
aelf and servant \ and that, wben these reason-
s' conditiona were compiled with, t wduUI
obey the order, and not till then. The difficulty,
at this time, of procuring a room on shore, was
very great ; and» althougli he made great elYbrts,
ke waa unable to obtain one. He therefore, the
next day, brought me the order, signed by the
general, decUHng that he could And no accom-
ittttdatiun 6>r me on shore, unless an arrange-
MH nt coald be made w ith Mr. CofBn to share
Mr room% Tliis I declined, at which he became
vary impatient, and, after the interchange of a
great many angry words, and a threat o^ com-
polaion, he left the ship in a passion.
In a few hontv afterwards be returned, with
a tmiling countenance, and told ntc, he had
fonhd excellent q«Hurteni for ine o>t boutl the
Aguila, a large Lima merchant ship, anil tliat I
*• %*a to Uve at the captain's tabic. These I
^ t iMind to be more commodious, though less neat,
*•' than tiiose of the Beaver t and, acceding to the
« amHtgament, I went on board with bag and
"'^afgage, a«c«)mpanied by the steward, who wu
'^ tke mly one reaMtaiiig of the ship's company.
f )M»w laitered ra^rM^ tliat my affaii-a had
■ffVMchtd a cr{si8> than vrouldaoon put an end
^^ m tin palnfal aiupense and uncertainty which
I Itad been so long suffering, by my early de-
parture fh)m this dreary place for Lima,
this illusion was qiilcUly destroyed. As sinmuJ
ihe patiit* of the royalists had subsided, UhiJ
determined, lit council, n«.t to evaonatf> tht^
place, uidcss compelled, until they should n. \
ceivfi th« vic;eroy'i ItaalrtictlOM.
.«.- '.
CHAPTER XXVIL tsh
CuMtflittttUieil e«pliir« or thn 1*totvlll»*»KM)ap« .i
the R«m«ral<lai-<^A.rrival nf a thiji ftum Lima..
OoHil n«ws»^ happy release.— Voyaga tu \m.
— l*arsoa«l haUtaof Spanish oiHfiirs, — ArrlviUi^
Calho. ~ HospUabla •nlartaiiimfnt at Liinii..P
PtivouMbie raoapUon b? the Vioaroy.— Acciiu.:
tioiis agdinst the Americans and Ktmlish.— It
oreasing hopes. — Teking a hotiMt. ^-^ A dnniMiii,
uuiMUce. — Itelief fVoin anxiety ..-^Visits to ih.,
authorities. —Probablhty of Hhlttiatatuoceo.
The rainy sMson had now begyn t and tl*
stnntis fVntn the north-west were frwpiently i«
violent as to prevent commtmioation witli tl»
town, (br sevei^l days in sncceHion* Topsi
the winter on Iraani this ship, Without mrIihi
any progress towards bringing my atfkiri v\\%
close, presented a prospect so dntary and (ii< -
couragittg, that t liegan again to think of tm
means by which to extricate myself front tb
state of thraldom. The PetrUlo, of sixUn
Sni, was now the only vesselof war in port,*
e could not be made ready for aea in lesstb*
twentv-fVitn- hburs. The Denver waa, at %
time, lying with her saila bent, and loaded wit
sngar and tobactio, an extjell^nt cargo for VhI|ii
raisOk Six of my men were acting as seanw
on board, who would readily have joined ntei
cutting her out. It was not a dilHotiit, >t
even a very dangerous enterpriae \ but, was ii> ,
advantage commcnaurate with the risk ? M¥
ther Bucceasful, or otherwlsa, would it not !uf
a tendency to intalidate the claim on the bpv
ish government >. tn fine, would it itot Xvt alw
ddnuig a certainty for an uncertainty /
While deliberating on the wisdom of (In
pt^ect, the Bsmeralda ftigate and Penieia bn
arrived ; the fbrmer having been boarded wIkIi
blockading Valparaiso, by the Chilian shipi
war Lautaro. She would have boon cif
tured, but fbr tka aecidentai asparation of ii*
ships before a competent number of men wv
able to board. The fow who snoceoded in (>
lowing their captain, had complete posaasiioiK
the upper deck for some minutes. Whenik
ships separated, the Spaniards seeing tlie iiw
number on board, rallied and kiUed them aiJ-
among whom was the captain of the Lsuun
aitd the carpenter of the Beaver, the same »i>
escaped in the boat, as related, soodteter arr'
iugat TMcahuana. < > fuft,.
The dky after the arrival of tltMe>««Me'.i,Mt;
Ctb, a sliip iVt)m Lima cama in, by whidi
hopod to bear something that might give a tun
AND COMMKHCIAI/ tNTKRfRIAKS.
113
tlin tiriff Canton kmmnitiatcty fur Lioia,
> •Vintier tfie Anu'rinan flag, and with an Atn^Hcan
4tt nWt lUTnltK | mw was ( UliaptwhileiL The
t"fi«>it m«»rnlii|T Weiipnil Dsorio »ent to Mr.
^<Cofnii and mysAf, an<l told us he Intended den-
'^ntfhing
•Vintier iw
ttrvi] that ffp. were to proceetl in her, and that
\\m'}v jnntlce would he rendered (o m. The
inrRniirr was In conformity wiHi an order from
Ihe vireroy, and wan the etftct of my letter to
him dated' the 28th of January ln«t. A ray of
hope nnre more dawned upcm nil, and the joy
^Mlierieneed M the proupcct presented of speedy
[cinanripatlon. was scarcely less intense than that
[ Which the rrlminal feels who receives a reprieve
[^ett tihder the gallows. It was taking a sNrpt
](hil ft very lW|jartlintnne< If «ot towards fcco-
fering the ptoperty, at leait low^irda closing the
_ Minexi, and presented thfrprospect of art end to
Ihat dlstrnssing state of suspense whl(«h is so
paring to the mimi, when>the ohje<<t \i fto ini.
drtnnt. As every individual destined to em-
i'k in the Canton wts impatient to leave a
l»e of so much misery as Taleahnana (for fe-
hnd Iweome very prevalent), the vessel was
)nippnd with more than ordinary alacrity, and
I took onr departtire on the 12th of May.
Aevon months had now elapsed since we cast
*hor In this tndy vwetchw^ plfcce, — wretched
Int l»eing suh)ected to the government of nn-
■ lelpled men \ wretched from poverty, fllth,
lase, and all those honihie calamities which
lit anmimuUte in the teat of a civil war. It
\ heen a period to us of continued privations,
tiflcations, provoeatinns, and disgust ; but
Iliad all survived itt and the relief now af-
led Us, even if it were that only of changing
scene, seemed to give mo renovated energy
\^tf liMl on board, as fcilbw-passengers, two
enani-coloneh, of the royal army, one of
)m wns atde*d«*eamp to General Osorio, and
Itearer of despatchos relating to the disas>
us Imttlc of Maiuo. If a judgment can tte
ned of the deanlinMs Of their countrymen
(tm those officers, the mortality on board their
on long voyages, is «aaily accounted for.
'Were twelve days on the passage to Cnllao,
'though the we«ther was always delightful,
l^rsonal habits of those gentlemen during
l^irhole time were excessively offensive.
Canton Itad on IxMird about twenty-live
ind dollars' valiie of the Beaver's CArgo,
i tome pieces of brass artillery, the trophies
' oa. I used occasionally to banter theie
Bra on their imprudence in placing tliem-
res thus in the power of men who hiA espe*
ced so great iigury and provoention from the
to which they beiongefi; and to show
that I had only to say the word, ind the
Bl would' be taken into Valparaiso, and they
rercd up to their enemies ; and I used to
that their confidence was undoubtedly
[tded on tlie appeal thus made to our ho>
, no less tban to tbe , 9in»i(lf^^n of its
Mns t}learhr for bar interest to proeeed to liNia,
atid hence fliey MmI nothtng to tfpt ei mi A j <f
We ancbbred at Callao on the flfttli of Ma|r,
and the ne^t dliy oHatweti pef w ii s ston t^^odsed
to LliAa» Mf. Coflln and- myaelf w«re ttlnily
received and hospHably entertMnediat tlie hoitoe
of the ofHeers of the matine^ with wlmB^ire had
become aetpiahited at TaleahMMia, antil we
(ionld proenre a honse, as there war* no hottla.
We now were infrmiied that the UnMeri Mtles
ship Ontmio had been her(.} that by hervraa
brnnght (he first intelligent of the destroMien
of ihe royal antiyt t^iat h«r oomiMMder was
weH received) and was on good t«mn with tlie
vireroy « that he had votnnteered to go to CWIi
with an agent for negochiting an exehango of
prisoners ; that he wM now absent on that mte-
sion, and might be here again In two or threfl
weeks. These ciromnstances all' fanroured the
restomtion of oar property. The following day
Mr. Coffin and myself were presented, by I7r.
Pedro Abadta, agent of the Philippine Com|Nuiy,
to tlie viceroy. Our meeption was as favoiffable
as we had any reason to expect, or as was con-
sistent with thti policy which it was his dutf to
observe toward! us. lie addressed us in a atem
and ea.nest manner, accusing tlie AmerieanaaiHl
English of promoting and eneouraging the re-
bellion, t>y fnrnishing the insurgebts with arms
and ammunition | of contravening tlie lawe^ by
introducing merOhMdise into the comtry aad
taking away the speeie, witiiout paying any dnty
on the import or the export, and thcreliy ae«
rlously injuring the commerce and proqiertty of
the country. EHtt, nevertheless, he added, that
We might rely on his protection while beret that
the proper Authorities would investigate the
bMiness relative to the ehips, and that jnatice
should he rendered to us. Without giving iia^an
opportunity to reply, he nhrnptly withdrew^" I
did not augur Any thing unfavnarable from tkis
interview, although I waa aware tliat his ge^
nerikl charges against our ooantryaMa wnre
true. . .
The exeessive aversion to JMieina iB ol ^ ■aeii'
in oflice, and the heedlessness and waale of
time, which hnve long been observed as so pe-
culiar to this people, would have induced ns to
expect great delay, even If the isane shoold
be against us ; hut with every encouragemeni to
believe it woiilil be In our fkvoar, wo havdly
dared look forward to the distant period Which
might bring our busin^cs to a close. We there*
fure set about hiring and furnishing a hottM,
and making such provision for a oomfoiiibic
residence, as strangers in roost otlier cities
of equal magnituda And ahvatly prapaned.
We agreed upon one that would answer ^our
nurpose, but were prevented taking p o aaewion
for several davs, While trying to get rid of the
myrinds of fleaa With which every room was
filled, and whieh, thongh greatly (finuniahcd by
frequent washing and sweeping, were nevct en-
tirely deetroyMl; md wali«Lon4r.lo./Nrinaj|to
' Jfiiri'niii ;j..(.{ f.» ,,';m( i.f.ii I
IU<
^VCLRVBLAWD't VOtAOBS ^^^
m
•n evil Ibr wtikli we muld ftnd nd remedy, and
to whteh the iMMves, from long habit, had be-
coBie aoemtonwd.
To he poMeiMd onee more of a domicile ex-
chifeiTely my own, was a loxory that can bepro^
periy apprveiatod by those only who have been
harassed and vexed at I had been. At the vn-
happy mortal waking from a night of sickly
dnawB which seemed an age, rejoioea, though
firtigued, to And the danger imaginary, to this
■ndden raccession of tranquillity to an age of
tnMible, hough to dearly paid for, afforded me
BO lest esuM of relief, ilenceforth I had to ap-
prehend no more restraint from an arrogant
military gnard ; no more mrveiUamx from the
harpies of the eustom-house ; no further perse-
cution Arom a fiscal ami assessor, whose cha-
racters would have made them worthy members
of the Inquisition in the most rude ages of its
existence. Patience was now the virtue which
it was most requisite to call into action, since to
avoid disappointment, we must be prepared. for
a great vraste of time. But it is less difficult to
reoobcile one's self to minor ills, after having
been so long subjected to such severe ones ;
nor did the novelties presented by the Peruvian
capital fail to beguile the time.
Through the kind attention of two of the of-
ficers of the royal navy (Mr. Bocholan and Mr.
Rivera), we were introduced to several of the
most respectable fiimilies of Lima, whom we
were afterwards accustomed to visit on the most
friendly terms. In addition to these, our bu-
siness necessarily brought us in contact with
the general of marine, ^th the assessor of ma-
rine, and his fhmily, and with the fiscal, by all
of Whom we were treated with the f>oliteness
and Mspeet which, in the dviiised world, is doe
from one gentlmnan to another, and which
formed a striking contrast to onr experiences at
Talcahuana. As it respected our business, there
seemed to prevail but one opinion as to the re-
prdiensible oonduei of the government of Tal-
cahuana, and the probable revocation of all their
proceedings, which the fiscal termed ditparatet,
MUMBSe.
.••:v,./i)') dii* ,j»iei r»>? milM i>ti' 4i.(^i» 4
i*»ri iitiu no". ■" 'Hi:^tt &J ^.1
o^wniim CHAPTER XXVIII.
1
Retorn of Uie Ontario from Valparaiso*— Satiifiiotion
of the Viceroy. — BuUdinB castles in the air —
Sodden change in the Vieeroy'i ooniiuot.— His
reasons K)rit. — An explanation.— Another change.
•^•Pwmiae of protecUon.— Offioial delaj.— Plan
tat empluying time,— Suoeesaful proapHcU from «
voyage t(» Va^Mraixi. — A ship procured. — laAiu
oretioo of the officers and men.— Projfvt abnu-
dt^nad.-— Unprofitable expenditure of lime. — Trip
to YaliHiraisO In an Eiigttsh fHgste.— Excellent
dliibibutae oa b6ard.— Erroneous ifflpre8fl(i>iis re.
uMMJ-'^Sa^riov abilities of-Csptain Shir reff.—
OMfleMhly depertaitat ofhis oaears.<«>Amuse>
asentsaadrnMrelMs of tbserew.— Diie ohsemiM
of the Sabbath.— Unintarrantad pleaanra of tk
voyago.— Arrival at Valparaiso.
While the proper authoritiea were taking tht
prelimiaary measures for an investigatiMiof tht
doings of the Talcahuana govemmeat. towardi
as (near the last of June, 1818), the. Ontario
arrived Irom Valparaiso, with the person chargid
by the viceroy with powers to negotiate an ei.
change of prisoners. The satisfaction given hj
Captain Biddle tn this mission, manifested b;
the viceroy's presenting him with an elegaat :
and costly sword ; the lively interest he took ia \
the restoration of our vessels; the attentioa
given by the viceroy to the representations oi i
the subject; and the prevailing opiaiou that
they must be restored, all confirmed tlie belitf
of a revocation of the doings at Taloahuana.
Every thing relating to o^'c aflhira now wort ;
an aus[)icious aspect, and my mind was hiuily
engaged in forming the various plana for fntUR
operations, which depended equally on the
amount of property restored and on the privi.
leges to be granted us. In imagination I ytu
building up a fortune, which the peculiar polili.
cal state of the country seemed to insure ; aod^,
from this coincidence of favoarable oircum. ^
stances, was in the enjoyment of a degree of,:
complacency to which I had long been a ^iran. : '
ger. But I was suddenly astonished and con.
founded by the information conveyed to me bj
Cr^>tain Biddle, directly from the viceroy, that I
was considered by his excellency to be a dan-
gerous man ; that he should not permit me to re.
main to settle my affaka, but that I . should be
sent out of the country immediately ; and the
reason given for this determination was, iiifor.
niation from three different sources that I hid
uttered treasonable opinions : among, others,
having declared liis government to he a^io^aniii.*
cal one, and that the sooner it waa overibrowii
the better.
As from a knowledge of the necessity of f
treme caution on the subject of politics I 1 '
always been on my g(uard, I did not hesiitate i«
declare the accusation to be entirely false ; nor
would my surprise have been greater, if I had
been charged with intent to assassinate the vice-
roy. This communication waa made to me
by Captain Biddle, at Callao, while he was on
the point of sailing for Columbia River, and
after he had taken leave of the viceroy; k
could not, therefore, advocate my cause other-
wise than by letter. On revolving in my niind
whence so malicious and wicked a report uould
originate, I could account for it in no other wa,'
than that some of those scoundrels who had
been engaged in the plunder of my ship, and to
whom I had often justly, but perhaps iinpr>^
(lently, applied that epithet, being appreheusift
of exposure, had adopted this measure, to han
me removed out of the way> , i . ^
With this impression, wjit^ Captain
AND COMUBnClAL BNTJbRPRISpS.
Uti
r, and with ihaioooftdencewhicliconMious
(locuoe iiMpircs, L went the next daj to the
iceroy. He receiyed me with cinlity, and re-
ited what he had told Captain Diddle, that
•ccuaakion oamefhom three aovrcea. I po-
»\y deniwi'tlie charge, made knows my mu^
Bion of it« origin, and begged that my ac-
might be called before him while I was
snt. This he declined doing. Then I at*
ed him that no one of hii subjects could be
idieposed to meddle wtth governmental affliiirs
myself; that to send me away before my
less was settled would be attended with
minons consequences to me, that I should
' remaining, even if it were under either of
»hard conditions of being confined to the limits
\%t. Lorenrx), of being^ shut up in the Castle of
or being confined to my ship or my
se ; and proposed to give bonds for the due
inee of whichever should be determined
excellency.
I he had been as perfectly convinced of my
snce as he appeared to be before of my
he could not have evinced it mwe decid*
' The expression of his countenance was
sniy changed from the forbidding and angry
open and benign ; and he said to me —
Cleveland, I will take none of those pre>
lions ; your word of honour is sufficient ; and
I'Convinced, if you made use of the expres*
rreported to me, it could only have been in
liguarded moment, and is in a degree pal-
^by the great provocations you have en-
Pt but," he added, with emphasis, " take
to meddle with politics or religion,
and npon my protection while you ore
lent here." Thus, as a thnndergust,
violence threatens destruction to every
F 'Within its range, passes harmlessly away,
: aacceeded by serenity and sunshine, so
liiny prospects suddenly changed from the
^'^gloomy and adverse to bright and favour*
kough the cases of the Beaver and Canton
were precisely similar) involved no ques-
[of intricacy, yet, to decide them, vrithout
kuisite waste of time, would have been en-
%ut of character ; neither justice nor hu-
> could have excused it ; and so perfectly
rere we of this, that we only urged that
' tons might take place in time for Cap*
Idle to take them to the United States,
Mtum from Columbia River. We had,
B, to look forward to a period of at least
iionths, in which, as no new questions
|(|o be asked, my pretence a^^ared en*
|t[nnece8sary, and my time lost, unless I
''link of Kome plan for its employment.
eurred to me that a great opening was
' for a very lucrative voyage, by taking
iso a caiiio of the produce of Peru,
iming with wheat, if permission could
Ined, and if a Mttable nentral vesaei
protitiredi 4 Mule knewn my plan to
a rioh jncroantile boose, who xeadily agntd im >
furnish the capital oot joiiil aocoaat, nadet.mj-
direction, and to procure from the vieecoy Iht
requisite permit. Tharoaiy <ibstaclcr bow was
tlie want ol a ship{ butt as> theti voyag^e would' >
afford to pay extravagantlyi I hud do, lioubt td*i
obtatmng aay whaling ship that might enter ths i
port, if not loaded. . .. t
These preliminary steps had hardly bce» h
taken, when there arrived pre«isely such a ahipJ
as was desired, with only sixty barrels o£ oil on v
board, having just arrived on the ooaat. I lost-*
no time in applying to the captain to charter hia ix
ship ; and anticipating difficulties from the u»v r
velty of the undertaking to him, I expected to I'l
obviate them, by the very tempting proposal I {
was prepared to make, for the use of his ship •
for three or four months : which would be aa i
advantageous as a year's successful fishing. I ..>
offered him for the voyage to Valparaiso and >
back to Callao, fifteen thousand dollars ; to pay tr
additionally, if he should be more than three
months performing it ; and to provide storage
for his casks and whaling materials gratis. The
proposal was considered so liberal and tempting,
that he agreed to accept it ; but unfortunately, j
between his doing so and the papers being pre- ■
pared for signing, his officers and men were
guilty of some indiscretion, in consequence of a '
knowledge of this transaction, which induced
him to apprehend that he was taking too great .
a responsibility upon himself, and he concluded **
to abandon the plan. <]
The failure of this first attempt to retrieve my , f«
affairs was a great disappointment, espeoiaUy it
after I had succeeded in overcoming all the •!
other obstacles ; but there was no other neutral \n
vessel in port to be procured; and ooascqMcp%t nn
no other remedy than the exArdse oC that pan '^1
tience on which such large drafts had already >>
been made. s . f.T
Several weeks passed away, and I waa each ■'«)
day anxiously looking out for the arrival of iom# k;
other vessel, which would offer the proapeet> of ;r,3
putting my enterprise into exeoiitiont'ltot l/^i
looked in vain. As the Canton was m dbavp<«
built vessel, and sailed very fast, the govern-
ment determined to make use of her as a cruiser,
during the time that an investigation into her
case was going on. For this purpose, carpenters
were busily engaged in making the requisite
preparations for mounting a piece of artillery, on
a pivot amidships, &c. &c. ; when a vessel of ^
war was signalled, which was supposed to Itt
the Ontario. Immediately all labour was aufr^
pended, and preparation made to undo tha Wttrk
abready done. But when the vessel, instead of
the Ontario, proved to be the British ship of
war Blossom, the work was resumed, and the
armament completed ; thus showing, attiohg
many other instances, the deference paid by t^e
authorities to the presence of a national vessel^
and its importance in securing tlui, safety of prci*
perty. The Canton being efuipy^d fot war,'
Ilf)
t!V.«
CLKVXI.ATIDB VOVAai-'.S
(mUmI on • cruiie ia cotnptny with another
•nuc^ ahhi, tnd Msisted iaoKptimng theChUian
priTatterAt^po, aftar a severe actiob. She was
aftenrariU reatweU to her original master, and,
after BaviMtini ihe coast about a year, retaraed
to ihe Unitm; States.
Impatient from inadtivlly, and such anpro#l>
able expenditure of time, and aware how much
more must be lost before the restoration of tlie
ship sho^d give me employment, t determined to
And something to do. It appeared to me, that a
tri^ to Valparaiso would'be placing myself in the
current ol aflkirs, and that, should nothing adi-
vantageous present itself, it would be a chnnge
of scene; and that my expenses wou' . be
scarcely greater thnu if I remained stalior ry at
Lima. Afe the Andmniaclie, fingUsh gate,
was on the point of sailing for that pr i suc-
ceeded with her commander tu obtr a pns-
sagc ; and having procured a palsr . >'om the
viceroy, I embarked, and sailed on the morning
of the 3rd of August.
The beautiful manner in which the ship WM
got under way, made a strong impression on my
mind, from an exhibition of discipline which I
had ne^xr before seen. When the marines were
dismissed after the morning tiarade, the co1o\tv»
hoisted, and the natioiMl air, " God save the
Ring," played, every officer and man t)eing at
his station, and the capstcrn manned, a signal
vras made by the captain, to heave ahead ; the
cable came in briskly; the anchor was soon
tript, and up ready for hooking the cat. While
the ship was swinging round, tlie men, who had
been stationed for the purpose at the shronds of
Mch mast, on a signal given, ran up simultane-
ously to cast loose the sails, while the requisite
number were 8tatione<l below, to sheet home,
and hoist up ; so that almoit f n a moment,
the ship Was tmder a crowd of sail, and swiftly
leaving the {tort ; and all this eflfccted without a
word being spoken, and as if by the elKtct of
ttagic.
We arrived at Valparaiso, after a dellghtfbl
passage of twenty-four dafs. T cannot allow the
pleasant time I spent on board this fHgate to
past without some notice, and without acknow-
ledging the erroneous impressions I had imbibed,
of a Bntish ship of war. In common with many
others, and especially those, like myself, whose
reminfocenccs were of a date as remote as our
revolutionary w«ur, I had imagined an Eitrilih
man-of-war to be a small epitome of hell, where
tyrannising over the crew constituted the prin-
opal ei\ioymeni of the officers. That there
were great abuses of this kind in the navy, fty)m
a very early period, up to the alarming revolt
under President Parker, I have no doitbt, any
more tban I have that almses have occasionally
existed since ; but, on board the Andromache,
there was never any unnecessary severity.
Obtain Shirreir, having had the advantage of
aaoving in the most elevated and polished society
ci home, and of recaiving his proftsii(Mial educa-
tion from one of the most able commandeny
the Dritisb navy, united the manners and «.]
banity of ihe gentleman, to those of the tki|fg||
and accomplished oomtnaader. His indefaligihi,!
Jierseverance in attending to the protection J
he commercial interests of his country, and li^l
judicious conduct in bis intercourse with the pi
vemments of Chili and Perti, in the most tryikfl
times, vrere no less evidence of his siipeiitl
abilities, than of the wisdom and dtlcrimiiistiii|
of those who appointed hbn. Nor did these ii|.I
portant duties interfere with those of his ship*!
company, to \Yhose morals, mannerti, cleint
ness, and comfort he was attentive, at the ms
time granting them so many innocent indd
gences, that tliey certainlv Constituted theh^
piest ship's Company t had ever seen.
With such a commander, the officers midi
not fliil to be gentlemanly in their depoiimnr,
niul attentive to their duty ; but, indepeiKlcnt*
of Riirli example, there was evidently an inn»
deoire among them to saomid the views of thr
worthy commander; and, messing with thn
I had good ^portunity of witnassinK • ile^pi
of amiability, hannony, and good jwowihi
which, unfortunatetv, is tnt alwi^a ilM* wilbt
the ward room. Of their kind altentlMi to i^
and desire to make me vMtfinrtabie^ I thail i^
ways retain a gratefbl reeoUectlott.*
With Captain Shirreff, ihe {MMengcrii, >
whom there were four beside myself, were i
vlted to dine in rotation^ and my turn n
generally, two or three times a week. An t
cclleut band of about twenty perfontiMs slitt
played during dinner i Invariably beg:itiiil
with " God save the King," and etiding «■
*' Rule Dritaunia." After dinner, the nun m
usually exercised at the great guni i and if : , .
weathct was ever so fine, the topsaiU were I
ways reefed before sunset. Sparring, fen<;!iie,i
dancing, were the amusements of tba miaitj
men, in wliich the captain would f^cqtiei
join.
The seamen aha had their hours of rcit
tion, music, and dancinr, once or Muk
week. Sunday never failed to be duly liallon*
Soon after breakfast, every officer appc&inl
the quartcr<deck In his Uniform ; the tiiarii
were dressed clean and paraded. The gun-di
having been previously prepared witli bcnci
and a temporary pulpit, at a signal given (usui
about ten o'clock) every ohe attended wonl
which was performcil with as much iolm
and dccencv as 1 ever witnessed Ih any cy
Tlic chaplain never fnilctl to give a plain, p
moral lesson, perfectly adapted to the im^
standUngs of his auttionce; and such asV
* One of the UeuteMnta VtaS H «on of thfi.
miral who, by stripping me of My property H
West Indies , ereat«d the nteeasity for nj >•!
now voyaging in Ike Paclflo. He was a f0>'
iMBiy young Bswa, ani waa ignorant of tki>-
firing hla fallMr bad cauacd me.
AND coMkkiiiiKi nnWtttfiiHv.B.
H(r
iild not fftSI to profit hy. The fniulc, from
full Uaiitl, wa« (leiiglitflul ; and when th«y
yed, «s thdjr often did, the Portugiienf! and
byel't hjrtnni, v/nMi were fauiiUar to me,
called up Mtociatloua of by.gone and hap<
J)n the 2tth we pasiod between the tslanda
lafuera aud Juan Fernandez ; the next day
passed In sailing by the latter, to the south-
1 of it ( and the Any after, we arrived at Val>
180. in tiie nutnerous Mssages I have made
ea, t have no recollection of any one that
rded such a course of uninterrupted enjoy-
It, and whicli was so entirely pleasant, as
i in the Andromache. It has made an agree-
iniprcssion on my mind, which will never
|bliterat«d.
It"
9^^ •
CHAPTER XXIX.
iew with (he Oovomor.— Unrurtnnata lOMting
a Meml — The brosimt and roriner go«ern«
lis et)fiiraa(Ml."Brronwus policy .-^ Adven-
Imm of two of llw IJflnrar'i er«w.— Arrlvnl of th«
^tMBfl DirMlur.—Ad«antiirm of KibM.-> Visit
the Stipreme Director.— Hi* chariivter, and
sliHeatinns for the office.— Offrr of a commis-
I In the Chilian navy de«)ined.— Advantaaeou
of a eafgo fot Iiiniaf>-Gnibargo.— VIsTi to
Ohilian oapital.->-iluii||ii riding. — Horry ac-
[>datl9n«— Road orer the Cuesta de Prado.—
jralatSaotiaRo.— " Tlie lions" tliere.— " The
ident's Folly "—The Mint— Salubrity of San-
f.— Return to Valparl^so.
^ibediately after cotning to anchor, I w«nt
ite with the captain of the port, whn con-
' me to the governor's, where I was inter-
~ cOiieetning the aflhirs of Lima. After
Hng It multitude ofqueitions, anddeliver-
the governor all the letters of which I
^rge, I was permitted to talce leave, and
sue my own pi4vate affkln. While seek-
I residence of our worthy consnl, Mr. Hill,
hom I intended transacting my bnsincss,
|entally and unfortunately met a relative
ratOn, who persuaded me that the house
Jch he was intimate, Higg^nson, O'Brien,
jt. Would do my boslness more advanta-
' than any other in tlie place. Relying
[fluformation, I accompanted my fHend to
lusc ; was introduced to the partners at
ecepted their invitation to take up my
with them, and had my baggage trans-
there.
se important preliminaries bring settled,
mj $,n opiwrtunity of leisurely traversing
Itreets which my friend Shaler and I had
together sixteen yeora before. The go-
Bnt was then of the moat deapotio cEa-
^^atid the most detemUscd feature of it
>e exclusion of all fordgaera, exoopting
in distress, for whom proviaioM were
made by treaty. The gov^rniment now profetMNl
tn be republican t tnif H waa so in mitiie ofwly^
as the military tvramty was as great as H Mi
ever l^enn. But the admission of fomignetiN
and their eommerce, gave an iir of Uie and
activity wliich was never before known.
Tho Inpse of so many years appeared to hive
made no alteration in the aspect of the toWW/
It was exactly what it Was when I waa herfl
before, as If time had stood still ; no new hotiaea,
no improvements } and the greater bustle In th«
streets was caused by the foreigners. The m««Mi
striking feature presented, to mark the diiTer'
cnce 1)etween that )»erlod and this, waa the
harbour, in which tliere wore then two or three
merchant vessels, with the royal flag bohrted.
Now the harbour was cro<»ded, and iMsidea the
Chilian vessels of war, the flags <rf many of the
European nations, as well as that of tb« United
States, were seen displayed.
But the reso«irces of Chili are yet nneqaal to
supporting a great commerec ; and political eeo<
nomy is so little understood by its rulers, that
they fail to derive all the advantage from it of
which it is susceptible. This, among other
things, is manifested in their blindness to the
truth of the seeming contradiction, that more
revenue is collected when the duty on importa
is ten per cent., than when it is forty. Yet, $a
this last was the policy of the old government, '
they adhere to it ; so that, although this go-
vernment is but of yesterday, there exists the
same system of smuggling, and the same degree
of cotruption in the revenue officers, that waa
practised under the old regime. And it is ntoit
probable that the present generation will paM
away before the public injury arising^ frOm this
wretched policy is detected, and then anotb^
one before it is corrected.
In my wanderings aliout the town I fell fn.
with the boatswain and the cook of the Beavei^,'
both of whom were among the number whtf
escaped in the boat at Talcahuana. The Me^tet
had seen hard and daogerons service, hut had
also shared in a prize from which he deiited
more emolument than he woidd if he hitd ner-^
formed the voyage in the Beaver safely. 11t^
latter was one of the number who boarded ihi
Esmeralda from the Lantaf o, and was so fbf1^<
nate as to secure a retreat when he peiteh^,
the ships to be separating. He Infonned liir
that our carpenter, Svend Anderson, was UWy
among those who boarded the Spanish frigill^i
but, less fortunate than his shipmate, he Kriif
slain on that ship's deck. It is due to thb ram,
enpauant, to say, that he was an excelkat car-
penter, an orderly, active, and Industrie's niint,
and waa probably induced to engage in this en-
terprise from want of employment. Itic tWo
first were so well pleased with the etcit^toei^
incident to the pursuit of war, and to the greiiM
emolomenfta they mt|^t chance to dative fr^
it, that they declined my propiMat of retumih^
vrith ne to Lioia, to join their 6ld ship ayilii.
1I»
"''" tttvtiAnt't vrvAtnu'"^
ItbMId (KMfn coMi« fbiryilpitillBo, M bte tireient At
m^ b«IHm| Of the Ihet, I i^Hn<|niflhM th« plAn
«r MtNcMAlAg iS&mAly tb StrtitlRgo, A8 1 hAd in-
ttmded. Oi%At hodiei, howercf, ai« pn^vtrMnl
Amt iMOvlni ultoWly, *• thh th!it«nc« ir«rifl«il, for
ItadMs Ihftii ft w««k liid HA|tMd ft>ofn th« time
«HMfi, iMordlAg to publie iumtHtt't \\t itMHild
hit* nftttcd. At tenj^, kowevef, th« extended
MviteRde WM ieen 6ytt the dklftttt hills, inaltiHtf
Iti Wty toWftrds the town, tnd the long^ekpected
chief ftMd hih tmWy, witti the nroper militsry
Meort, ftrHved amid t dond of dtMt, the clMii*
<rf kttMt tlte foRt of cannon, tM rtnting of bells,
and the wet^omlng cheet- of tlie mob.
While at my doof, engaged in seeing the pro.
Session pass, and, as I suppMed, unlcnowing and
tnlinown to everybody, I was mnch surprised to
aee a person leave the procession, and, approach-
hig me vrith earnestness, call me by name. He
immediately dismounted to salute me, and I
then perceived it to be Francis Uittas, the young
gentleman who came out an cl« -k ot the Beaver,
and escaped in the boat, aj before ran-Rted. We
had then time only to exchange mutual acknow<
tedgments of satisfaction at this very unexpected
meeting. The next day we met again, nhen he
apologised fbr leaving me as he hail done at
Talcahnana, and k«Iated bis very narrow escape.
Ne said, that the Italls fWsm the' musketry of the
pvnueiv passed flur ahead of their boat, but for-
tttiMktely no person was hurt ; that the patriot
ctvtlry w«re watching their approach, and were
riftdy Hi the MMbore to receive titem and arrest
fftHhef pnrMiit \ that he was conducted to the
cmaifia«Mer4«i>chief at Conception, who received
htm wtf kindly, and provided him with the
means of proceeding to Santiago, where he re-
commended his going to see the supreme direo.
tor; that bi« reception by this chief had been of
th« MOM friendly character) that be renewed
hia warimbe; took him into bis family, and
gaVt hiltt employment in the secretary's office,
to lAtliii-bie WM then attaohed. Indeed, I found
thtt'my Men«A RibAs, like the others who
escaped With him, had changed bis prospects so
m«icn for the better, as to have no desire to join
tIMt Beaver again.
By Mr. Ribas I was introduced to the supreme
directov^ O'Higgina, whose fhtber had Iteen
eatly distinguished in the Chilian annals as a
paMio beneffkctor. This son probal)ly owed his
Bi|^ post to the veneration existing for bis fa*
tiMr'i memory ; for although admitted to be a
■MM of good moral charaotor, and of a good
iMart, there was nothing but his name and for-
MM to make him t prominent candidate for the
wapa ai ibte office of anpreme director, even in
mlit timet, much lest in those of revolution and
imt, Nkt tlM pMseMt. Hia appearance was plain,
gUmpIt, nd bocMDitg a repuMiean, approximat-
Ipgmara f thtt of m honost Anrar than to
llM «af nttnant «f « gtntieman. I la received me
«ltli fNtt vordiaMtyv iNcpreiacd muck aympathsr
th the inisforttiiies and pCi^lexUt'es 1 had ^^i
fercd, hoped I should recover the propRrtji,]
Ul^ustly taken (htm me, kc. lie then niiJ
many inquiries relative to the state of afrairi«|
Lima ; how the militarv and naval forces tal
then disposed of i whetner there w^i^ anynj
moun circulating of an attack from the Cliliii,|
squadron) if the pemde appeared to apprehenjl
such an attack, etc. To all Whieh qu«ricg 1 ti,f
plied in as laconic a mahner lU possible.
Mr. Ribas had undoubtedly imprMsci\ |,j,l
very fkvourably towards nic, for, in this firttinf
terview, be i^red me a commission In \},\
Chilian navv. Making due acknowledgment hj
the favourable opinion this piPopOsat indicated,!'
told him that there existed sCarcO a donlit <i<'
the restoration of my ship \ that, hOW*Ver mutt
I should be pleased to use my eifbrtft in promm
ing the cause of the revolution, my duty tn im -
employers was paramount, And forbade im
neglecting their interest for th|s or My othn
purpose. As he had expressed io ihuch futlinj
for my misfortunes, t was induced then to ui
him, so far to coniribxite to their relief a« i*
grant me permission to lade a amalt Veifcel will
wheat for Lima. He encouraged me to exiw.
tliat this permission would be given; butsniil.
he must first consult his secretaries, and wmiU
give an answer the next day. Tlie intenin
having continued nearly an hoar, <^ the pH
annoyance of tnany wlio were waiting in (In
antechamber, I made my bow and ICtreMrt
On the prcs<imption that,' if the dcciilon shonli
be unfavourable to my taking a cargo of 'nhea
there could exist no possible objection to m
going in ballast, t had already chartered thi
English brig Livonia, to lade for Lbna, ui
thence back to Valparaiso with another ctap^.
for nine thousand dollars, In th« «xpeetiiti(i
of ft favourable ansvrer fhim thtt supreme dim
tor, I waited on hi|n the ncotllNy at the hoi|
appointed, and was disappointid to Und m
less disposed to aeoeda to my wkhei than I hn
any reason to expect fh>m the>liit«rview of j»
teraay. The secretaries, I had fttMvtained, urfd
the impolicy of granting such prMlege excl»
sivcly to one individual, and suggested the li
vantage that would result to the revenue
making it general. In conformity with this i^
it was immediately proclaimed that llficnoei k
lading wheat for Lima would be granted, «
condition of paying an export duty of fou^ d^
la»-8 the fancga. This duty was nearly donlf
the original cost, and, vrith the duty and Am?
in Lima, would make it come so high as t"*
ford no prospect of benefit, and determined »
therefore, to have nothing to do with it. ^
best courae now appeared to be, to piocecili
soon ai poHible to Uma, aadlOi depend onii^
profits of the return cargo, or on fireighi, fott'^J
lequisita oomi)eiMatioa< .' '; mI) bi , r
With this intention^ tb« bi% iMing reid;|
was oB Uie poiaiof aaittag, MMttil hadtl
poeitioa to Iftda tlie vessol witk<ilUMiufactii«
AND COMMbn^l^L BMTSHPHISRH.
119
ies, antl woiili'--;
Bte were two olyccUona to iUia} the finit» was
^ fear of an Quibai'gn^ wbkh there was no
inbt would take place prior to the Bailing of
lie fleet ; the sccoiut, was the uiicijrtaintjr of
btaiuing ih« adaiissiuii of such a cargo at Lima.
|c flrHt dlftieulty wns obviated by tlie coiitrac-
r engaging to lade the vessel in five days, and
, not so laden, she was to proceed with what
t had on board at the enpiration nf that time.
lie sccoudf l>y his stipulating, that if the cargo
Duld not be admitted at Lima, and the brig
^uld in consequence be compelled to return
h it to Valparaiso, he would pay the amount
ithe ciiarter. thus, baviDs a fair prospect of
viBg great advantage without incurring anj
1, 1 dosed tbe contract, and immediately set
ntt loading ihc brig.
|efore the live days had elapsed, however, my
rehehsioii of the embargo was realised. It
I proclaimed to exist till the sailing of the
AUliough this act was dictated by pru-
aud wisdom at tliis time, yet my irapa.
became so great that I had serious
|hts of eluding it, by going off alone in a
, in which I sliould have no doubt of reach-
ima in safety, liut beside the assurance
j tlie fleet would sail at the time appointed,
[^t the embargo would Ih; raised imrae-
ly Alter, the eflfect of such an act iqran the
ipriso on which I had already engaged was
I taken into consideration ; and these causes
ned to produce the requisite resignation,
'perceiving that a month, at least, must
Ivbofora the embargo would be raised,
I ^vliich to remain idle at Valparaiso would
' ledious, 1 determined to All up the time
iug a visit to the Chilian capital. Ac-
Rgly,>euly in September, I set out with a
ffit three on this journey, on horseback, for
ids were too rough for the use of light
As ihere was no cause for hurrying,
;cd on very leiaurely, .taking three days
lorm a journey of only thirty leagues.
Bkeroise, being of a kind to which I was
unaccustomed, was, however, very fa-
to me. We found no other accommo>
»for travellers, on this road, than such as
ed by the bouses of the peasantry, which
very miserable, bad enough to induce
to go through in a day, if possible,
road was as good as we found it, was
liefly to the indefatigable exertions of a
president, O'lliggins, who evinced a
no ordinary compass, in planning and
to he executed that part of the road
leads to the city over the Cuesta de
»» or hill of the meadow, a labour of such
atUUy, and of such (for the time when it
~ t) stupendous magnitude, aa to perpe.
|Ms name.
I borders of the zigzag road over thia hill
with ahrubbery) among wliich the
kuah prevailed, wluch, being at thia time
i» perfumed tbe air vdth a dulioioaa
fxagraacfl. At tbe aummii th* view ia verjr/ei-
tensive, beautiful, aiiU nafniiceatf iooreasedivr
the iuvarialile cleamess of the etmoapbore. Tk»
tmrtfacrii view is limited by tbe towmag Andes*
Tlie southeru and eastern, by hiiU of lesa mag*
uitudei the intervening space beio§ b ea n i if uli
rich, and welUrrigated meadows. Aa far aa a
judgment couhl Iw formed of the agricuUuaal
state of the country, from the traosiettt view
taken on our route, I should suppose it to be
susceptible of great improvement. We reaohed
the house of our friend at Santiago in the «vi»«
ing, after crossing the Cuesta de Frado, so much
fatigued, that I was vary glad to retire aa^ly to
bed. A good night's rest was attended witfc
refreshing effects ; and with renovated eaergy
1 went forth in the morning, " to see tbe ligna*''
The impressions made on a first ramble over
this city are prepossessing. It had laore tha
air of cleanliness, and attention to the eomforte
of the most numerous class, the pedestrianty
than any o titer Spanislt city I had ever seen. A
week's residence within its walls made me fa<
miliar with its streets, public buildiogat walkSf
&e., of which I shall atte^^>t only a haatf
sketch. This capital of the Chilian republie ie
situated on a fine fertile plain, at the foot of tba
Andes. The river Mapocho, over which a fine
bridge of stone is erected, connecting the suIh
urbs with the city, is prevented inundating tlw
city, during the period of fresheta, by strong
barriers of masonry on each side* That on t^ia
side of the city, in addition to the oiigiaal psuw
pose, forms one of the most agreeable and nosir
frequented public walks. The aouthera ax*-
tremity of the plain is bounded by the, rives
Maipo; a name rendered for ever raenonble in
the Chilian annals, by the decisive victory gained
over the invading royal army, which onalteraUy
established the independence of ChilL
In the eastern part of tbe city rises abraptly
from a plain a remarkable rocky hill, called Si.
Lucia, which is said formerly to have beea lofMp
fied as a defence against the Indians. Thia ftr-
tification has, by a late royal president, been
renewed, and some cannon mounted on it, with
a view to overawe the populace ; and hence the
name of the President's Folly has been given to
it.
In those catholic cities the churches are Uka
structures most costly and magnificent ; and
though Santiago is not deficient in thia respeet,
yet the building called the mint, and the ex**
tenor appearance of the cu8toaa-hoose» are ht.
more imposing and magnificent than any othfr*.
The mint, which was designed by, and built uno
der the superintendence of, a native and self*^
taught architect, is the pride of the city, and in<*
deed would be creditable to any city at Earo^«^
Bat it is objected by some, that the leaonrepa el
Chili, even in her moat paroaperona days, nmUk
not jnatify its great expense. The private dwett*
ings, excepting a great* proportion of house*
of two stories, are bailt precisely like tlMMOgtC
iHo
it. I
CLfeVBLAND's VOYAGES
UtoK, fohning atMllow sqium or court, uidoe-
^vyite a great Mpaee of ground. The stiteets,
niich TttterMet at right anclei, are generally of
i good breadth, and, for the most part, clehn ;
iM good side-walka prove, that plebeian com-
Ibrti are more attend«id to here than at Lima.
The great square, which is justly the boast of
ail' Spanifeh cities, is rery fine, ecch side mea.-
mrhtg between four and five hundr^ feet. The
cathedral, bishop's palace, andiencia, and other
fine buildings, fbrm its aides ; aad the centre is
adapted to the exercise of troops. The women
htv« no peculfairity of dress, like those of Lima,
hut observe the European fashions. They are
g«neralfy admitted to be pretty and amiable,
ttid no more cultivated than is proper to make
them fitting companions for the men. The po-
pulation is estimated at sixty thousand. On the
Whote, it must be admitted that Santiago pos-
ieasea a climate which is unrivalled tor its
ialubitty^ that it is 'a desirable residence fbr
the man of lehmre, far the philosopher, or tar
men In offltoe \ but, as a commerdal city, it can
never be great or flourishing.
The object of my visit to Santiago being ac-
«omplisbed — ^that of wearing away so much
time — I returned to Valparaiso, accompanied by
nm of the gentlemen who came up with me.
W)( passed one night only on the road ; and, at
the dose of the second day's journey, reached
«nr destination less fktigued than with am ride
up. As the embargo was not yet raised, my ab-
sence had, in no degree, retarded or injured my
husiness; and I derived no less satisfoction
feiim this consideration than from having accom-
pKahed an object requiring a kind of exertion to
arhidilwa^entirelyunused— riding on horseback.
nvati *.itti t9f^^i
-j^* .^•i^ii'. !• CHAPTER XXX.- •"* '•'• •
Separtnmlbr Callao.— ^Arrival there. — Kestoration
of th« Beavar.— A tamptfag propttaal retiatail.--
Filthy atat* oftha Baavar.— A thorough cleanaing.
^-Jesuitical manoBiivre. — Another embarffo.—
Arrival of an Aniaricao agaat.— His imprudence.
— Cwfsaaiiant diaplaaaura of th« Viceroy. — Dif*
ficulty u procunng a crew, — Selection from
prisonara. — Expected vi&it of the Chilian
anuadroa. — ^Remonl of tha Beaver.
' T1ife'inq|ii!iaidron,ott whose account the embargo
had been laid, hating sailed, and the snpiiime
director having returned to Santiago, I waited in
didljr expectation of behig peimitted to uit\
but such permission was not granted ffft the
28th of October, when the sailing of the British
firi{^ Andromache, for Lima, left no further
ptea for our detention. Accordingly, we sailed
Mre next day, in the Livonisi, for Gallao. Our-
itaf the passage we experienced ho other than
tiiie'fkVouhible breej^,flae weather^ and smooth
mk, ^ffidt is «o cdmodoi^ in mikinir t^ p<nMge>
aai; after twelve dlrra, aonrlved wiitty at Gtiho.
Before eomint to anchor a boait came aloiKJ
side fW>m the (mtario, in which I went iinnil|
diately on lioard that ship to see Captain WiUM
He received me very cordially ; told me he hA
been earnestly attempting to bring tlie goTcn,!
ment to a decision in the cases of the Bpiitl
and Canton ; that, wHh this view, he had 8tit((|
to the viceroy the sensation which had
caused in the United States by the capture i
these vessels; the importance of their rest
tion to a continuance of the harmony which e
isted between their respective governments,!
the hope that a ftvourable decision would I
made in time to take l* with him to the Uniti
States. These representations were eamq
flriendly, in accordance with duty, and doubtia
had an effect ia hastening the bnsiness ;
the restoration of the ship, and what remiiti
of hcf cargo, were acts entirely independent d
these eflforts, and are of a description «h
prudential reasons prevent being made public |
At length, on the 20th of November,
long-looked-for decree was issued, revoking th
of Talcahuana, declaring that no cause of roi
demnation had existed, and that the ship, »,
whatever portion of her cargo remained in
government stores, should be restored
with, and that I must seek for the residue i
damages where I thought proper.
There had existed no doubt of this dec!si«i|
but the ship, having been twelve months in
hands of the Spania^s, was in a very dilapidit)
state. A crew could be obtained onit with gra
difllcntty^ and the original object of the y^
was destroyed. A merchant of Lima, of 4
first respectability, aware of these cirenmstt
cea, and presuming that my course would \
the short and common one, in sncli cases, iv^
selling the ship at pnbUC auction, for the
of the underwriters, made overtures to me I
buy her in for joint accmint, to be employtdj
freighting on the coast. His fhmlsbingf
money and my commanding the slfip weret«|
considered a balance for each other, and ''
profits to be equally divided. The proposal'
a tempting one, as there was no doubt it
lead directly to fortune. But it Was obviom,^
the ship could be advantageously employedi |
should be for account of owners and undent
terst and ^eelingthat, in making up'tothemi
portion of the property which had been h
while under my care, would be tUore gratiiyi!
to me than the acquisition of fortnne unir
snch circumstances, I did not hesitate to dcrlii
the proposal.
On the 25th of November an ofllcer of *
rojiri marine, having been appointed to
up the ship to me, t went on board with
accompanied by a fow men fhim the Ont)
and took formal possession of the ship, and*
cH her sails, rigging, and stormy as rema
These being very few, the buaineas of recep
was soon aocompltshed, when we discha
ctnMn, and displi^ed tW American
AND COMMCliCIAL SNTBIIPIIISES.
J 21
esc drcawstii.i
more o^ the Beaver,, The «igtukl b«ing
entood on iioud the Otetarlo, a stroug d«>
itnent of men, witti Lieutenant Stepheoi at
lir head, oame onboard* and before night liad
ipleteW itrippod the diip to the girtiine.
[if the Spaniaidt are filthy on board their own
it was fair to prcaume tliey would be more
/on board one which was supposed to be held
^y temporarily. Wa were therefore not sur*
~ to find the Beaver dirty in the extreme.
leed, had we not had the good fortune of
lining an abundant supply of men from the
much tioM must have been expended
fere we could have arcoraplished the re-
Gjite Ubour. With these the ship was cleansed
Trigged in a very short time, compared with
in whidi it could have been done with the
ors attainable at Callao, and at a less ex-
For this I felt myself greatly indebted
tptain Biddle, who extended his kindness
~ rther, by suppling a want which was im-
ive, and wUcn I was unable to provide for
way, namely, that of a person to act as
Officer, and one who would be qualified to
chargQ of the ship and property in the
of accident to myself. This person wu
ipman Alexander B. Pinkham, an active,
it» and intelligent officer, whose services
invaluable. The obligation, therefore, of
I and master to Captain Biddle, great as
I before, was much increased by this mani-
Hon of desire to do all in his power for ua.
' , his efforts were not confined to the rule
by duty. He remained many days
pine ready for sea, that I might have the
i,Qf h>s inftuenoe in obtaining a privilege
^ JL sought* that of inti'oducing a cargo into
[,£rom. Chili,^ and in procuring an acknow-
' sn^, and SQme kind of liquidation of the
^ i first o1)ject was defeated, by the opposing
ince of the fisctors of the Philippine Com-
'] but the viceroy promised, in Ueu of it, to
psome special privileges on the Peruvian
It was apparent, however, that there was
ity in these promises ; and, as further
I, would be pr«udicial to the service, with'
lefiting us, Captain Biddle determined to
more time, and sailed on the 6th of De-
cibr Valparaiso, on his way to the United
tie mean lime, the impe£ments that had
Bwn in the vty, by the consulado and
its of Lima, to prevent the Livonia fiom
iigher cargo, were of so serious and deter*
1^ a character, that nothing short of its being
nth equal determination on the part of Cap-
Shirreff, of the Andromache, could have
[^e enterprise from defeat. In the course
liek after her arrival, the Livonia had been
j^i^mes ordered by the viceroy to leave the
^and epcb time had taken reftige imder the
' the ApdromA^he. At lei)igU>, with a
I of per8«veniBG»( not in£Bdor tQ, that which
ha<l been manifested by Captain Biddle hi our
Iwhalf, permission wad obtaiaod by Captain $hir-
reflT to tranship the eargo^ Tbis petnUsion waa
.indcrstood by both parties to mean, that while a
small portion was sent onboard another ship, to
be taken out leisurely, the gi eater was to be
taken ashore. By this Jesuitical manwuvre, the
opposition of the consulado was appeased, and
the object obtained with but little additional
trouble an^ expense.
As soon as the brig was unloaded, I obtained
permission to relade her vrith a cargo of Peruvian
produce for ChiU ; but as there existed a prob*
bility of great competition, I was afraid to risit a
large amount on my own account, and therefore
loaded only one>fourth the tonnage, taking the
other three-fburths on freight. With a view of'
arriving at Valparaiso before any oi the other
vessels, intended to be laden for th^ port, I had '
made g^at exertions and spared no'eiipenaej but '
I was again destined to eMMn>c^ delay and'dis*
appointment. The LivowL bring all ready fbr
sea the 15th of January, Wi9, I applied for tne
requisite clearance, and was informed that it
could not be granted ; inasmucb as an enihargt*
was then laid on dl ships in port, till the ^.
Antonio (with treasure) should have sailed for
Spain. Though frvm taking on fireight so large
a portion of the lading of the Livonia, I had A-
ready secured a han£ome emolument from my
enterprise, this detention, by fiivouring compe*
titors, seemed to annihilate the brilliancy of the
prospect first presented ; but there was no other
resource than patiepee.
Early in this month (January, 1819), arrived
the English sloop of war Blossom, Capt. Hickey*
from Columbia River, having on board Judge
Provost, of New York. This vessel had been
dispatched to Columbia River for the purpose of
making a formal surrender of Astoria to Judge
Provost, the agent of the United States, ap«
pointed for that and other purposes in Uie Pa*
ciflc. This business appears to have been*
accomplished to mutual satisfaction, aa both
parties gave evideni;e of a recipfOHty of kind
feeling.
It would have been advantageouafortlie Ame-
rican interest here, if equal good feeling hadfx-
isted between the American agent and the vice"
roy ; but, unfortunately, the very reverse waa ^e
case. This agent, from being the first AmeriMtn
who ever appeared in the Peruvian capital ia a
public capacity, not less than fiom the flsvour-^
able dispoution of the viceroy towards us, had^ an.
opportunity of obtaining oommerdaladvaatages^
and oi rendering services to his countiTmen iit
various ways, which no other foreigner ever poa-
sessed before ; but these were entirely paralyaoti
and lost, by his incapacity of conoeallng hia hoa-
tility to the royal goveminent» and by hia being
, a partisan of the revolutionists. His sentiroenti
on these points were expressed so imprudently^,
so unnecesaarily, and in so unreverved a WUV-
ner, that they gave great oINne^ to the ^iiceilggr'
#A,
Vi2
CLEVELAND S VOYAGES
ud wwe f w Jurti f of auA oootneM, that the
iiTMWif cMtttf wMA ii McpeeM to be ob-
MTved bf* priMte MliMul oa Imnag the
.: «oiuiti7» «M eWMr d fa y eM eJ iHth by the vice-
i, W9ft or pH^oielj Mgleetei hf the dHphmiatutt.
^ mtt the aefUBuitaBet I here formed with Mr.
•t* .RmnNt, I wee foUy penueded of the dncerity of
o» Ua eTHiMiihf te my niefortmiei, and of Ua aatis-
f} CmHob at my pw a peet of larmomithig them ; but
r aa to bafaig indebtod to his esertioiii and address
.1^ far the lealMatkm of the Bearer, as is recorded
^ in one of the New York Gazettes of the day, so
(hr from thia being the case, his interference
Mold not hare failed to be prejudicial ; and, aware
: aCthiBv he did not use any.
WhUe aU commercial operations were sus-
paiided by the embargo, I was busily engaged in
Muring the Beaver prepared to be ready for sea,
, aa soon aa it should be raised. For this purpose
t wv wore kindly sup^ied with the requisite num-
y Wr of men from the Andromache, as none were
3 pooomaMe from ahore ; indeed, such was the
Maicitj of fintmgn aeamen, that to collect the
Bomber required for the BeaTer appeared impos-
. Bible. In nuking the exertions which I did for
the reatoration of the ship, which were the cause
oi that reatoration, in undertaking the arduous
teakof ffifwrntig and Tietualling the afaip in a
place to difBcidt as that of CaU^, and in pur-
aohig a froigjirting business on the coast, with no
other than a crew made ap of the most disorderly
■iaD> I waa actoated only by an ambition to re-
trieve the loas, and toeonvincemy employer that
hia oonfidenoe had not been ^mbplaoed, as this
piBB waa entirely independent 'of my own private
it. Indeed, as far as my own interest
the (>bligation to which the re-
of the ship subjected me, was mani-
imtly vory detrhnental ; as, but fat this, withfar
laaa troidile, I could have obtained much greater
profit.
Aait vraa daaapable, <m various considerations,
to loae no tfane after the embargo should be
the ship waa put in complete readiness ;
diflenhy of procuring men e!"<iined to be
iMannonntable. Aa a last resource, though a
hopdeaa one, I made Mno'-m my em-
to the viceroy, stating lo him, that
the reatoratfoe 9l my ship would be of no aidvan-
; tiiat xatsa. were not procurable
that it would be conferring a great
^^gf*T«—, ]f he would permit me to select twelve
or fifteen moBfrom aatong the prisoners in the
caatle of GaBaow He heritated some mometitts at
tide ^r^oaal; bat, after a fittle reflection as-
lantadt OB the eondltion that I vronld engage to
da aH in my powor to pcev«it their again joining
the ahspa of the oBomy.
▲eeodiBf-to thia oenditioB, the observance of
vfUdi waoBBon Importuit to me than to him, he
gave me an order to the governor of the cutle,
ta JsHvinr me fi ft ee a men. There vrere, at this
time, nearly a hoadred priaoncra ia Ae caatle ;
aln^poctfOB of wiMHaJHAbooB takMta^M
Chilian privateer Maipe. They wera of ail i^i
tiona, but priadpidly Eaghah aad Americaiii.|
As soon as taey knew thail had an order for thi
release of fifteen of their namber, the soUcitudi
of all waa ao great to be among the fortunate onei, I
thit making a selection was a task so disugrpe.!
able, that I relinquished it to the jaiktr, aiid todi I
the chance of having inferior men. Having se. I
lected and taken the names of the men, thn I
were not permitted to go on board Ull the eiih|
bargo should be raised
1 had not yet obtained the licence fur laiiiu||
with wheat and rice at GuAnchaca, whtincc J
freight was oflRered, but was daily eucoarnged bpl
the viceroy to expect it ; for, aliliough the Linul
shipowners were afraid to send their ships out,!
they were so clamorous ajjainst the novelty A
substituting foreign ships in the coasting trailf,[
that the viceroy appeared to be intimidated, iBd|
deferred fircm day to day the promiaedlifieooi.
A visit from the Chiluui squadron was gei»|
rally and soon expected. Its augmented, force,!
resulting from the recent capinre aiTakahaani,!
of the royal frigate Maria Isabella, ancl the dr.'
cumstance of Lord Cochrane's having been 9. 1
pointed to the si^>reme command, wore knowil
at Lima. Being impressed with the u^a, thai
this commander had been.diajtinmiiahcd-ftn is-l
trepidity, where all were intr^ii!^ and iecoUeel>l
ing that he had been selected aa bestfii^dal
leaid the party destined to bum the Arwch flMtl
in Basque Roads, I presumed that hurning tiMtl
of Callao would be no more thaaaport jEor bia;^
and never fiiiled to exprett thia epinioii, who.;,
ever the expected attaick was .the aulgeqkof coal
versation. In confirmation of t^ belief, I tsdl
the precaution to move the Baiver some «ir|
below the shipping.
I had been repeatedly urged by ]iIr..Provat|
not to incur the risk of having my 8h^> bur
by waiting for a licence, vrhich he did not Ul
lieve would ever be given to me ; but to leis
the place before the arrival of the fleet ntigltl
cut off all possibility of doing so. The advicall
knew to be well intended and disinterejt«d(l
but it was certain, that he could not he so co»l
petent to judge of the risk of having the thf I
burned as I was ; and as to his opinien of th|
viceroy's intentions, he waa too bUnded Vty ^
judiceto form acprrect one ; therefore, I prefeni
my own course, which was that of perseTenal
until theire should be an opening for some lil
vantageous operation, for whidi thc.piomtMl|
licence Would be granted., a^^ ,1
CHAPTER XXXI. ''"''^
Dapartora of khipa.— The CbHan de0t.-'Niiiii
•aeapa uf the Viemniy.— A 4ena« ttSf.—'luni
firiDg from the lMtteriu.--42aMes slip •• •'
timely diaeovery*— Favourable poeition of^
Chilian 8Mt.^UnfiivoaiaUa rssoU.— PMNoi
AND COMMERCIAL KMrKBI>RlSKt.
U>
•mMI
OUMt I
pMlfcil amam Uodnd«.-.VUi«
tellwihiti. ifciwlw*«fo— of llMcapiahw —
H«B«1«| *• Mwhar^— 4>a tba braad oMsri oac*
Mon.-'ARivid at PImow— BMogirfiioD bj ■
MUMO.— iNtteuI^ of taUnff in Mr|o.->A aii.
tliiT OB be*rd.!>-TlM lioglMdw MtaM and wbip-
i<— BotoraUoa of order.
X
On flaodkf, the Slat <tf Febnuij, the Andro.
mielM, with Mr. Proroet h pMienger, and the
Livonia onder her oooTojr, t^ed for Valparaiao ;
at the nme time sailed the Blouom, with a
large amoant of treMure; and the En^sh
brig AlezandMr, both deatined for Rio Janeiro.
Aa the Lhonia waa now fairly on her way to
Val|Mraito, as no other of the neutral veaseh
had yet bqpin to lade for that port, and as the
arriTal of the Chilian squadron, momentarily ex-
pected, might prevent them, I began to enter-
tain more flattering expectations of my specula-
tion, and to regret that I had not taken agreater
interest in it.
AUhoo^ the San Antonia had Jiot sailed, yet
lie wu so nearty ready, that the Ticeroy did
not eonsider it tAbaafrntaaee to require
tSMnrey to defer hia d^artwre any km-
«■ this aeeoaat. In this, however, there
anevident want of judgment; as Captain
fidl in with the Chilian squadron, in
f«ei|^t hoars after leaving CaUao. It is
*le, that the Chilian commander ob-
iied BO inlbnnation of the Saa Antonio being
Lthepoint of sailiag, otherwise he would not
kve proceeded immediately for CaUao, but
i hate remateed out of sight, to windward,
! this rich ship would have ftUeninto his
nds. Fortonately for the owners of the pro-
erty on board this ship, her departure was de-
~ from day to day, until the 28th of Fe-
■ary, when the arrival of the Chilian squadron
It it out of the question.
This is the season of the year when the at-
sphere is almost incessantly enveloped in a
itk fog, and it wu at thia time extremely
ense. It happened that the viceroy had se-
tbit day to make his annual visit to the
and line of defence recently completed,
lule on this duty, and making a circuit in the
f, on board the brig Maipo, unsuspicious of
iiger, his retreat wu near being cut off, and
iself made prisoner, by the O'Hinins and
Lantaro, Chilian ships of war. The biig
I Just retomed and come to anchor, when the
^dispersing, presented these two ships wittdn
' cannon-shot distance of the castle. The
ia Isabella, or 0*Higgiiis as sow called, dis-
tiyed the American flag» but this was disre-
led at the fcrt; as imaoedlately the can-
ling began from the castle, fort, and men-
tmtt. Tho guiHt however^ were evidently
rated for shipo at a greater distance, as, for a
minutes, we saw the shot foiling In abuAd-
a long way wMslde the Chilian d|ips; and
agrin evai^'ol^tet wai^ hidden fiojuoiur
9
115
•ighk by • Mt«n «f tittfog. ^ naithar*party
oonld WW soa aay thM to a<miai|we had soon
evideaee that they were flrti« al nndoaa, for se-
veral shoto passed belwoea oar maats, aadweivi
striking the water both iMido and ovlaide el the
Beaver. Feariag. therefore, that the ship aUght
sustain sosae serkMS i^inry, we al^^ped ear ca-
bles, and made sail to get oat of the vrqr. In
the ooarse of ten miantee we pereaived our-
selves to be close alongside a large sldp, which
proved to be the San Martin, of sixty.fo«r gns.
Captain Wilkinaon. The fog continutegto M so
dense that friend could not be d isti ng wi s h ed
tirotn foe, — ^we came near having the wMe
broadside of that heavy ship ponied into us ;
every man was at his station, matches lighted,
and waiting only the word fire, when they per-
ceived ua to be a merchant ship with the
American flag.* We soon after came to anehor
about four miles befow CaHao, where wie^s«re
joined by the other neutral vessels, two 4>f
which had been struck by shot ftonv tli»bat-
teries.
The CHiggiBs and the Lantaro, fovoursd by
the fog, had reached a meet advantageoaa peti-
tioB for cutting out the Spanish vessels, before
a gun had been fired ; the San Martin was near,
and ready to afford succour in ease the other
ships should be crippled in their ^lers or other-
wise ; and there was, all the time, a fine leadiig
hreexe, which would enable them to bring away
any prizes they might make, or to retreat them-
selves if it should be found necessary. Under
so fovourable a coinddenoe of drewnstaiMMp,
the complete success of the enterprise^ bjr the
capture of all the Spanish vessels in port, ■somed
to be inevitable, although it coidd he dona onlsr
at the expense of a great sacrifice of Uttm
either side, — a consideration of trifling vreigM,
generally, in enterprises of this description. "Ati
incessant and tremendous eannonadingta^heen
kept up for about half an hour, after whfoh ate
heard only an occasional gun, uid theis my&mA
sflence succeeded. It was now evideaft Hiitthii]
battle had ceased ; but who were tho liafw,
or who the vanquished ; whether we were tor sea
the Spanish fleet brought away by tho ChHlM^
or the latter crippled and flying hefaeethefr
enemy, were events of the most inteiesCiag api
exciting duuncter, but ol which wai
to fbrm aa opinion, owing to
sity of the &«. At longth, theibg dlapotthy,
we perceived the Chilian fleet wiiiBn absai «
mile of MM, uaaoeompaaied h^
apparently aniqured. They
near the Island ot San Lofeino. huoIiki
such a failure under so foveenUe auqpsees^^s
prised every body, and, hy: hupnhig Ihe
Spaniards with incieased eoafldewoe, i
the hazard of a seoQa4 attaok.
While lying at anchor at aheok tw»aritae
* While •paaUngiUsBhipiflvoafarmMijuittj
emriiawdraed.weN lallMi ■# I7 hor (oBl»
tho purpose.
124
«H
1|LEVKtAirD'» YOTAOKA
dUMu»<;e from th.e CbUian ileeti n dispoiitioii
fn);^ nianifetted by my ^en to deMit to them^
I^ th^y sugc^eded, U would be impossiUe to
p^ociirfi pt^ra, and the consequence iifould be
ruinous» T9 Avert such f misfortune, recourse
tu the mp^t desperate means must be used, if
others ifiUp^. { tl^erefore secured the boats,
loaded my pistol i, and threatened vrith instant
dei^th any one who should make the attempt.
A ngorpuA ^atch by myself and officers, and a
c^nvictiop on the part of the crew of the dan>
ger of the undertaking, kept them quiet. Early
aext mprning, I proceeded to Callao, and ex-
perienced considerable difficulty in obtaining
pern^ission to Und, but at length succeeded, and
ifent immediately to Lima, where, on arrival,
1 lost no time before waiting on the viceroy,
Whom T found surrounded with officers, civil,
nfilitary, and navi^l. summoned to delilterate on
the Itest course to pursue in the existing emer-
gency.
.As Hie knew n^y sldp vr»8 lying near those of
tlte enemy, and presumed I might have had in-
tercourse w'th them, he did not permit me to
■^ait many minutes for an t^udjence. But I could
give him no information which he did not al-
ready possess, of t)ie size of the ships, Dnd the
number of guns. Of the crews, whether their
complement was full or not ; or whether the
men were seamen or other\vise, I knew nothing.
I then stated to his excellency the mutinous
disposition of the Beaver's men ; the difficulty I
ha4 experienced in preventing their joiqing the
Chiliaus ; the only mode of preventing it being
tl^ of sending them to prison again, or of en-
abUng me to take them away, by delaying no
longer to furnish me with the promised licence.
TK^ propriety and urgency of the last measure
was^o obvious, that, no longer regarding the
remoustranceq pf the Lima shipowners, he di-
)!8cted the secretary immediately to make out a
.jjjpence for the $^ver, to proceed to P^scp,
i^ipiinfihaca, and Pficasmayo. ThU was seqt to
n^ip Pdxt day at pdlao, whither I returned the
., i powjipplied to the general of ma^np for
jii^^phes, vperewith to get rov pables and an-
chors (wlt^fh l^ad been slipped), aqd take them
■tji tt^e i^ip ; but 1>6 rf fused, from the apprehen-
in|i|^^9it th^y might be talfcn from mo by the
Piumy. I bad| tlierefore, iip other resource
li^^tnan that of going with the sliip to the an-
(Sljorit "'i^'h this view we got iinder way on
t)^ 2p of March, and beat np to where our an-
*o))0|rf lay, vvhicli itaving recovered,, we were
ordered to move down again, as all the neutral
vesself hiftil done, in order th^t we might not
ierve as a shield to the enemy in case of an
The intercourse of the nentrals with Callao
was now rntcrdicted by the royalists, and those
pf them who had not taken the precaution to
a^p(y tljemselves with water and provisions,
were nctnatly in distress, and could And but par-
tial nttef finim their Migb!K;u». WUlat the
supercargoes and ^[entt <tf tiseaevpral neutral
ships were suffering the greatiM^emfaKinasment
from their non-oommunication Wfth tiie shore,
the difficulties were greatly augmpnted by • pro-
clamation of the Chilian cpmmpodar, Lord
Cochrane, which was communicated to the
masters of all the neutial vessels then present,
declaring, the whole coast of Pent, from its
southern extreiuity to Guayaquil, in a st«te ef
rigorous blockade; and giving nentrpls: oatil
the 10th of March to settle their affiun, and re.
move themselves from its influoiee.
This measure seemed at first sight to threatei
annihilation to the prospect 'presented hf the
licence, of which I had been so long in pursuit,
and was of so serious a nature aa to require
much pondering iipon the next «tep I should
take. The incoihpetency of thehr naval force tp
a legal blockade, even of one-eigbth pari of the
coast declared to be blockaded, the origin df
the measure, and the intention, being merely u
apology for the plunder of neutrals, were eir.
cumstances so palpilble as to leave no 4oabt in
the minds of the most vnobserving. 'Reepllect.
ing that the government df thP Vntt^d UUAn
had manifested a deteriniiied disregard «f the
paper blockades of England and FrancPyifrom
whence this was imported in a direct line by hii
lordship in person, 1 had no doalit of protection
from my government in disregarding this, fi^ i
sides, to suppose the Chilian repnblie would
hazard offending her best fHend, by feraisUag
in enforcing a measure evidently adopted with j
a view to plunder by a few English adventureri,
would be supposing her to act vrith a degree «f
imbeciUty inconsistent with hor general pclicf [
since her attainment of independence.
From these considerations, as well as from I
not knowing what else to do ^th th(t ship, I
determined to pursue the plan I had marked out |
at first ; and as the port ot' Callao must be con-
sidered now as legally blockaddd, not to Tctun I
there until I had ascertdred that the blockade
was raised. Tliis decisicn was in opposition to
that of all the other iieut.-al ngents, and of tbe
twelve neutral vessels thei lying in Callao btj,i
the Beaver wns the only one whose destination [
was not defeated and prospects ruined by thiij
proclamation of blockade.
Being all prepared to sail on thf; 8th dt
March, 1 went on board the O'Higgins fri^l
to demand my men, but with no expectation oil
their restoration. Accordingly, when I midel
known to the captain of that >hip, an Eu|i;Iiili-|
man, by the name of Foster, the object of b;|
visit, he not only peremptoorily reused giviiii I
thcni up, but in the trne insolent style, peculitfj
to John Bull, expressed a regrpt that more '
them had not deserted. As T was going a^'fl
he tauntingly held up the proolamution, aii|i|
bid me beware of the oonseqMences. I repl' '
that I was as well acquainted with my hu^ipcal
'^^.
ANb COMMLKCIaL kntf.rvauf.s.
ti lift #as with liis, tberefoK the cMtion or
thrMt wM unneecwary and misplaced.
As thcLantaM^was laying near, I went on
board to see Captain Guise, with whom I had
beoome acquainted at Valparaiso. I found him
in his oot, recovering from a slight wound re-
cMVed when exchang^g shots with the castle.
The friendly and polite reception I expmenced
frooi this gentleman formed a striking contrast
to that from Captain Foster, and presented a re-
markable instance of the difference of conduct,
on the same occasion, of officers of the same
grade, one of whom had been reared and edu-
cated in polished society, and the other among
the low and vulgar. C^itain Guise eii^ressed
rtgret that (beir present want of men was such
thai no infloence be could use with Lord Ooch-
rane would be of any avail. In speakinf, of the
proclamation of blockade, I did not fail to ex-
press my opinion, that the government oif the
United States would support me in not consi-
dering those ports blockaded before which there
was no navid foroe, and that I had determined
to act in conformity with that opinion, which
he seemad to consider a correct one.
On returning to the Beaver without the men,
I perceived a genwal manifestation of dislike
among the crew to go to sea, vrith so many
short of our complement ; but there was no pos-
sibility of procuring others, and delay would be
more likely tQ change the aspect of affairs for
the worse than the better. I therefore called
ell hands aft ; represented to them the easy and
short voyage we bad to perform ; that the num-
bers now on board were an ample complement
for any voyage on this coast ; that I had consi-
dered we had an extra number originally taken,
in order to make the greater dispatch in lading
the ship ; but that, nevertheless, if they would
go to work cheerfully, and beave up the anchor,
I would engage to divide among them the
wages of the five men who had deserted, until
I could ship others in their stead. This had the
desired effect ; they went with alacrity to the
|f windlass, hove up the anchor, made sail, and at
four p. M. t wfes once again on the broad ocean,
in the uncontrolled command of the Beaver.
^ More than two years bad elapsed since the
t'^ure of the ship Talcahuana; and, daring
that time, I had exp'jrlenced scarcely any thing
but a continued series of vexations, idtercations,
[' and the most prolonged and aggravating state
of suspense. Tlie Areedom jfrom thraldom,
therefore, whieh I now experienced was ait first
' difficult to believe, and many days passed away
before I possessed an entire consciousness of
having regained the power of independent ac-
tion. We stood off to ih» south-west, braced
sharp to the wind nntil we had reached the de-
Kired latit**de, and then tacked to the eastwaru.
As we i^proached the land we became enve-
loyed in a thidi fog, which caused the loss of
several hours, wUlelying«to in the hope of its
lUsperslon. At length, it iuddenly cleared
125
liway, and showed us that, in the cudeavo'u- to
save time, we had infringed the bounds of pru-
dence. The ship could not have been better
placed, even had it been clear ; but we had ap-
proached the shore nearer than I supposed, being
midway between Saugallan aud the Chincha
Islands, with Pisco right ahead, where we an-
chored at four p. M., just four days after our
departure from Callao.
T immediately went oa shore, and was met at
the landing by the subcielegate of marine, Don
Vincente Algorti, aud a squad of armed soldiers.
On being satisfied of the friendly character of
my mission, the soldiers were dismissed, and I
was conducted to town by the officer, and in-
troduced by him to the governor, Gonzalez,
who, on being satisfied with the legitimacy of
my passport, offered me all the aid in Ids power
to facMttate my views. As it was late in the
eveniag before I finished my interview with the
governor, and the surf was so g.-cat that I coold
not. return to the ship without getting wet, I
accepted the offer of Don Vincente to take at^d
at hU house; and. as this gentlei.ian had almost
the exclusive commerce of the place, it gave me
the opportunity of obtaining the requisite infor-
mation relative to the object of my voyage. He
told me that at this season of the year only a
small quantity of brandy and wine were usually
procunble; but he thought it probable the
quantity I vt anted might be obtiuned, and 1^
would ascertain the next day.
In the mean time it was discovered, that a
brig had anchored near Sangallan, which they
nu8pect<sd to be an enemy; and >ver<> vtcy dc-
airu'J4 that I ihould reconnoitre. Accordingly
I proceeded a> the trig, which I found to iiie
the Frederick of Stonington, on a sealing ^^.
age, only four months from the United States.
Here I was auipriaed to be recognised by tVe
mate, who, seventeen years before, had been
navigati.g these remote seas with me in the
Lelia Byrd, as seaman. He had pursued i^e
seaUng business since, and by his good conduct,
and great experience, had beeii advanced to a
mate's berth. The report I made of this vessel,
which at the same time was confirmed by the
master, in person, tended to relieve the tptln-
bensiens of the good people of Pisco.
On the third day after our arrival, I sent off
to the ship several launches loaded with brandy ;
but so much care and adroitness were reqiliiite
in taking it on board, and in stowing it afWr-
wards, that, although the stowing was doite by
experienced stevedores, we made but slow pto-
a;ress. To hoist a fragile jar, containing twenty
gaUona, up the high sides of a light ship, while
rolling in an oj^ea roadstead, required the atten-
tion of several men to guard it from striking,
aui great vigilance in the offirT to seethia duty
properly portormed ; yet, with 11 our care, many
jars were broken. r.
The feebleness of my ship's company, wUoli
wasparticiUarly manifested when taking in diff^,
126
:rHH«LKV&LAND'S VOYAObt
the ^pnilMnti«ii of deiertioa^ tndilM imponi*
bOtty of topi^ljilBg the Ion «iMBld aay ono of
them deteit, their knuwledgeof kbit, and prob-
able preuimptioD that the iadolgencea thejr re-
eelved might be etUl farther nuended, induced
theita to attempt oarrTing kito effect a measure
that would have led to the snbvertion erf all dis«
dpfme, and endaagered the lafiety of the ahip
and cargo. Tfada was an attempt to bring on
board, and hold in their possession, ajar of
brandy, i was not on board at the time ; but
Mr. Pinkham, seeing the man with it, very
judiciously endeavoured to persuade him to give
it up, promising to serve it out to them in such
quantities as should be mast useful to them.
But this they would not submit to, and Bwore
they would do as they pleased with their own
liquor. Perceiving remonstrance to be vain,
and aware of the mischief that would result
from its being in their possession, Mr. Pinkham
veiy properly knocked the jar out of the fellow's
hands, which broke it, and spilled all the brandy.
The most abusive language then followed from
ieveral; the mutiny became general, and all
hands left oif work. In the evening, one of the
■bore boats brought me a note detailing these
transactions, and the continued insubordanaiion
of the crew. It waa too late to go on board
that evening; and 1 had, consequently,^ time to
revolve in my mind the most prudent and judi-
cious mode of proceeding. I was offered a file
of soldiers, to take as many as I chose on shore,
and have them whipped ; but, though this could
easily be done, it would only tend to increase
the difficulty when we should be out of the reach
of this aid. It was obvious, that, to secure any
ftrther services from these men, they must be
rabdoed by the efforts of myself and officers
ahme; and, cost what it might, I determined
to try the issue, and to convince them, that
there could he but one master to the Beaver.
The task wu an arduous and a hazardous one,
bat thert was no alternative.
Accordingly, on going on board, and finding
my oAoen ready to second me, — all work on
board continuing to be suspended, we deter-
mined, that seizing up the ringleader to the
•hrouda, and giving him a good whipping before
the Whole crew, would be the readiest and best
way of MttUng the difficulty ; but, if the men
made the remtance which was apprehendedt
the attempt might be attended with serious con-
sequences. Having loaded our pistols, and pre-
pared the requisite seizings, I called the ring-
leader, by name, to come aft, which he did
very readily, and no doubt with the expectation
of support from his shipmates. I asked him
haw he dared to speak to the officer of the ship
in the inaolent manner he had done ? He re-
plied with eaual insolence, that the officer had
broken hit jar of brandy, and he would be
damned if he, or any one else, khouM do any
nutt0work on bom uiitil it was made op to
kim. 1 then turned to the mates, and deehred
them to seiae him 19 to the riggiiigi The crew,
who had been watching the progresi of the buti.
ness from the forecastle, no#*be9Mi moving sft
in a body. I therefore immediately took a pi*,
tol in each hand, and, meeting them haM way,
leisurely laid a rope across the deck, and threat,
ened with instant death any man who should
dare to cross it. This had the deshwd effect.
No one had the temerity to try me t and tbe
fellow waa whipped vatil he begged for meroy,
and promised never to behave amiss again | and
indeed he waa ever after, while oiTboard, an
orderiy, good man. With my pistols still in
hand, I then went forward, and peremptorilv
ordered the men to thek duty, on pain of a like
punishment to any one who refused. I did not
allow them time for consultation) as, calling
them by name, I ordered them immediately on
various parts ol the ship's duty. Not one of
them saw fit even to hesitate ( and they were,
ever after, as orderly a crew as I conld desiri.
Having now passed a week at Pisco, and takes
on board six hundred jars of brandy and wine,
we sailed for Ouanchaca, and thus demoastrated,
that this part of the coast was act in a state «f
blockade, in the true and le£<tima' ' xcceptatioa
of that term.
■ ■ i m^ itoii .VlitVfi i
itsftj tj tatov i'-'*'* -■•!' '•'•'■' '"»*» "»'i tuiiiwl 1 .flciiO',
"CHAFrifR-ICXXir. ■ '■ '■'" 3"'^'" I
Detcriptinn of Pisee.— Arrival at Gna1keK.l1: •.—
TrepMatioa of iha iohabitant*.— Assumed fM.
tu<i« ol III* Oofsruor.-^Proliiable eoanuarev.—
EiicKUiiiur wiib a Chilian brig of mu/-^n»yu
cioii* iif ihv auihuriii«Mt.— Arrivftl a/t Pioasuayo.
— Aiiiiiiiluiic* ol' freight.— R«*ii.ro to Callao,—
'I'liH bliHskade raised.— Arrival at Callau.— Placa
viaitt*<i III) ibe TMyage.— Tbe curate of Guenobaci.
— Triixillo. — Extreme sboir nf »anti(lty.— I'Ui-
(eriug rwcfp(i«)ii at Ctilliio.—Lictttae to ttada,-
CarKO «liaub«rf(« d.— .AnOttier v<i' oga to Pltuo.-
8uuvei«t'ul return wiih a imofl eargo.>-liyster! h\
dituppearanceof aSponiah brigi 4
Pisco is situated ou a sandy plain, lAK't
mile and a half from the ■ea>ahore. It baa t^ti
churches near thr rrrer t Square, one of which
was built by the Jesuiu. These indicate a diN
gree of prosperity and riches, at the "ime tbqf
were buUt, which does not now exist. In their
decaying and dilapidated state, in that of the
private dweliinge, and in the oonuaeroe, m
meagre compared with what it might be, then
is continued evidonoti of the withering cffecii
attendant on the wretched policy, und«r wbick
this people have so long suffered. The h -.. "udM
or farms, in the vicinity of Pisco, are i-.y .«•
ductive; and their produce, brandy ar..> %
v^h which Lima, and the whole ooMt as tar «s
Panama, is su(^lied« meets with a ready Ral«
but the heavy duifci ;a exporMfroin theuM
and oa tlh< jcpjrta «' other pUcea^ tead grcatif
f.
to cramp «,nd diml'U':*t
^■i» oomaarcew^
AND COMMSmClAL £NTERPRIiiK!».
Itf
lonuaerce, lo
WI(K(ifWPii'''»'
■ As thtf nekl fwt of our destiutiott wn little
mon ttuM Ave degreet to the northwerd «f
Fi«co, we bad • pleesant end eaty aeil b^ore the
wiud, end on the third day alter oar deportare,
were off the town of Ouanehaca, which, owing
to a dense fog; i*e had paasedt as we perceived
on its clearing away, by discovering the charch
on the bill to windward of us. We therefore
had to pass the day in tacking off and on, to
gain the anchorage, which was not effected until
nnset.
In the meantime, the inhabitants of Tmzillo
and Guanchaca, who had heard of the blodcade
of CaUao, and had no information of our coming,
supposed us to be one of Uie Chilian squadron,
and were throws into the greatest consternation.
All their military force was on the alert idl day)
and although after coming to anchor I sent (by
a couple of Indian some letters from Lima, tb
merchants of Truxillo, tending to confirm my
report of who we were, these were not sufficient
to quiet their alarms. They were on the watch
tXi mght, and Tmxillo remained in a state of
confusion, until 1 went on shore, (the next
morning,) and exhibited to the governor the
Srence of the viceroy.
Immediately on landing, I was provided with
a horse, and conducted to Truxillo, by a party
of cavalry. Being escorted to the governor's
house, I found him and the subdelegate of marine
waiting my arrival. Ndther of these gentlemen
appeared entirely to have recovered from the
, preceding night's alarm. The governor, how-
j ever, did give intimation of returning spirits, in
my presence, by a severe reprimand to a respect.
I able-looking man, who happened to come in on
business. Adverting to the confusion that
reigned in the town the preceding night, he
I angrily observed to him, that it had appeared as
[if every man would be governor, but he would
f let them know there was but one. Owing to
[the mail from Lima having been stopped by the
{freshets which rendered the rivers impassable,
^ ^ we were the bearers of dates tea days later
^i^iffrom thence than they were in posseuion of,
/ # otwithstanding our voyage first to Pisco ; con-
I^^^^qaently, as dl informatron was particuhurly
^y^ tsresting and aeceptaUe at this time, my visit
"^ prolonged muoh beyond the time which is
1 on a first interview.
Having finally completed it, my next object
M u. ind the merchant to whom I had • letter
introdaetion, and with whom I expected to
transact my business. I found him to lie, as he
^had been represented to me, a modest, unassum-
ing man, and wHh much decision of oharaoter.
'le at once nmde me a proposal for my brandy
ind wine, whieh appeared to be very fahr, offer-
ing to pay me i» wheat and rice, at the current
ice. This I promised to take into considera-
tion, and to give an answer next morning. I
i»n sought the family of Lynch, to whom I
' a letter of iatrodoelioa, fkom one of their
Lonnexions ia Lima. Thi» i» a family of Irish
, descent, who inherited a vary targe
estate in this vicinity. I accepted their invita-
tion to take a bed at their house, and found
them a very amiable, good-natured, and iHooa
family of fanatics, their minds entirely subier-
vient to the direction of crafty priests^ and their
bodies actually suffering from the rigid obser«
vance of prescribed fasts. One of them, who
bad been a merchant, I consulted on the pro-
posal made for my cargo, which he considered
to be liberal, and advised my accepting it, whieh
I did accordingly. As the proceeds of my cargo
from Pisco would not be suflldent to lade mote
than half the ship with wheat and rice, I pro«
posed taking freight, and soon had offered, aia
high rate, more than sufficient to complete Um
lading of the ship.
Having disposed of the cargo, contracted for
another, and engaged a person to provide ^
launches, the launchmen, and the tascarae, or
men who take the cargo on their shoulders, and
transport it from the launches to the beach* I
returned to the ship the third day After laaviat
her, and immediately set about discharging Md
receiving cargo at the same time. We soon per*
ceived that the roadstead of GuanchaoawMl
most uncomfortable place for a ship to Uubfc
The distance at which it was necessary to aoeher
the ship from the landing, the slow proeesa m
loading and unloading the launches through the
sttrf, and the three days, at every full and oluinge
ol the moon, when the surf was so much Ia*
creased as to cut off all communication between
the ship and the shore, combined to call into
requisition our whole stock o( patience. We
had been industriously engaged about ten dacft,
had delivered about half our cargo, and reodvwl
on board upwards of a thousand bags of whea^
when the cable parted, and the current setti«g
to leeward, carried us some way from the an*
chorage, before we peroeived ourselves drifting;
We had, therefore, no other resoiuoe, UtaA tei
make sail, and stand out to sea so £sr, aa to
secure a prospect of reaching our anohoraga
early in the morning. What rendered this bnv«
ness particularly onerous was the cucnmstanoa*
that, at the time of parting the cable, Mr. Pinki*
ham and half the craw were ashmre on duty.
As we approached the land next morning, 'vn
saw a vessel making dUrectly for us ; and whl.di»
on coming near, proved to be the Chilian bris
of war Qalvarino. It was now evident that!
should soon know if he would act in conform^
with the tenor of the prodamation of blockade.
Accordingly, when within hail, he inquired*
What ship? Answer : The Beaver. Queetiont
WhMi art you doing here, shr f Answer : Load*
ing vrith wheat. O, yon are } I am gUuf to hear
it t you are a good prize. Answer : Stop until I
am fully loaded, and 1 shall then bo a better
prize. He then sent his boat, and requested m«
to come on board with my papers, which 1 com«
plied vrith, and was treated with great dvUitfr
bf Captain Spry, with whom I bad become w>>
?2S
cI.evelakd's votagcs
i" ',«
ntisbteil at YaIpftra[»o. After half «n hour'*
cont^^tttioii, h«n>eeatnc coiitliveed ilikt fiv Intel
wixei rt'bt TrtotMt iric ; h« therefore, rftw mI'
fl^f»t£tf niv Veg^br, tind returhittg ni« on beitNl
the' Reaver; purtued his eotiwe, Mid kft me at
liberty to pursue mine.
Itavin^ thas fairly tested the degree rf moTes-
tatlqn to be apprehended from the Chilian
(goiters, THY confidence in the inocflM of m^
v'oydge was'jreatly increased. But th* dfouni-
«t^nce that had inspired m* ^Hth eonfldence^
had entirely annihilated that of the freighters.
Having waited a cohsid'erable time, after coming
to anchor, for the retntn of the offieer and men,
Tvho had been left ashore, with<mt seeing any
thiiig of them, I was entirely at a loss how to
(Recount for it. But, as it did not oceufto me
that they conld sQspect itoe of treachery, I had
qo Apprehension for my men, and therefore Iktf
patched the seeond mate and four hMids \»
aJMIertain what had beeotiie of the fint. These,
Qb.landlng, wei% itr^nediately taken into eMtedy
^ the imlitSirj-, p; ^'"•♦orv to being inteirro-
^ted ; ttnd thus was ^ an open roadstead,
without an officer, and only six men, until
t^e next day, when they \,<stt permitted to re-
tdru. the answer I gare to Clsptahi Spry, and
vfhich they ascertained by interrogatfaig the
sailors, was constmed into^ an intent tA giving
t^e dargo to the enemy, when the lading shotdd
be completed; and was such cohflrmatioB of
their suspicions, that those who had engaged to
ft^ight how declined doing so, and those who
Md fi'eight on board were desirous of taking it
6q^,. A^ this was out of the question, and as it
ink evident no more freight could be Obtained
hei'e, I determined to proceed to MiTabrige, tod
^kc on board what I knew to be there ready,
on ship's account, and any freight that might
offer.
bn anchoring at Malabrigo, hi the ticinity of
w)uch is the town of San Pedro, I had soon a
Atitnber of applications to freight, and cotttiiuted
for a considerable qnant'ity, to be taken on board
a| Pftca^mayo. The first freighters having gra-
^iialty recovered their senses, carne to us m the
Hppci of persuading iis to return and fulfil the
engagement, which they had broken. But their
ipoIicAtion was too late, and they were grektly
j|Uappoint6d, wli^u they discovered that having
eOntracf^d for other ftbijght, sufficient to fill np
^he ship, it was not in my power to take theirs.
; Having broken the stream atichor at Onan-
chaca, at)d lost a bower ahd a hedge at Mala-
hrigo, our only dependence now for completing
«^ lading at Ncasmayo wai on the only re-
liii^nlng bower anchor. This, howevier, served
us ; and on the 19th'of May, having a cargo On
'i)Oaid excecfting in welgtit thirteen thousand
quintals, wliich l)rought the ship's chaiuwalea
lumov.t even with the water, we sailed fbrCliIlao.
}fA I had been able to obtain nO informathm
JDrom Cti^uo sinre I le^ it, I was very anxious to
ino'ir the state if afrairs before v(!<nMriVig too
Ither^are looked m to fioaeho, where
peroeivmg a brig at anchor, with En^h coloun
displayed^ I sent the boat to obtain information,
while the shif vras lyiag tow On returning, I
was rqoieed to learn, that the Chilian squadron
had left the bay of CaUao nearly a moath suice,
and that there was no impediment to entering
there This brig (the ColumilMa) had beea
boarded, a few days before, Iqr the Macedonian
fkigate, Captain Downes, who inquired if he had
seen the Beaver. Having run alongshore to th*
northward while the Beaver waa standing out
to sea, to the south>westward» we miaaed seeing
each other; to my great regret, as I Itad no
doubt there were letters on board firom my
family, and had been anticipating their receipt,
with all those feelings vi. hope and anxiety, w
efttily eoBoeived by those who love their hocMi,
and who have had no tidings for so long a
period.
Weaow made sailon the Beavcr^and, at the ei>
pimtion of two days, were, eaily ia the moniing
of the9ihof Jaae,st the. entrance of the btj
of Callaoi with light airs off shore. At tea
o'dodc, we pareeived a large and small veiaal
coming out of the bay, under a crowd of sail, aad
steeriag directiy far OS. On eomingnp^theyproved
to be the Esmeralda firigate and Peaoela brig of j
war, sent out to ascertain who we were. Satit*
fled on this point, we returned into port to-
gether, and came to anchor neariy at tha same
ttaie.
Of the places I had visited, Goanohaca is do- {
thing elae than a collection ol wigwamsi or Ii.
dian huts, built of mud, nwts^ and bamboo, and I
of a description that wouM be untenable in i
country subjieet to an ordinary coarse of raiaj |
weather. In the season for taking the set-
iMths it ia the resort ef the peoi^e of Tmxillo, I
as Callao is fbr the people of Lima at the sam(|
season. It contains about five hunA-ed inhabi-
tants, alt ladians, excepting the cnrate^ who hi
of Bnrofean descent, and who appears to pot-
sesa the address of keeping them not lees in the |
fear of himself, than in the fear of God.
TnixllTois two leagues south-east from tins I
tiltege, and ow tiie road to it we passed tla
nttns ef a tery large Indian city, which was tbi
summer rsaort, or Bai»^ of the celebrated Mil
Atahualpa. Prom the rains of this ancient dt|ri [
a great amount ef gi>hd has, witlrin a few yton,
been d\ig; andalso a great numlierof earthen m-
sels, of vMiotas formsi cidled by the Spaniartiij
jftufU4ro»f and whieb aflbrds evidence of il
degree of perfection in the manttfacture of pot-
tery, which the present raee of Indians do
possess. The land immediately in the vicinity I
of the sea presents a most sterile and forbiddiii;!
appearance ; scarce a tree, a shmb^ or any rer f
dure to be seen ; but a few leagaes in the in- 1
terior there is the most luxuriano vegetation.
TVwtilh) is a very ancient city, having h«c<i|
fbtmded by that eeMM«ted devastator of tha in-
(tfnn rare, Pitarro, in the year 153^. It it «■!
AND COMMeaCIAL E.NTRnrRISF.S.
m
tuated in the valley of Chimo« on a very sandy
toil, i* snrroQnd«<l by a brick waif, is regolariy
huilt, (the streets intersecting each other at rie^
angles,) and is, In fact, Lima in miniature. The in>
habitants ef this city consistof Spaniards, Indians,
and the various grades and shades peculiar to a
populatioa of EUiropean and Indian, and amount
together to about ten thousand. It formeriy
enjoyed alucratite commerce with Porto Bello
and Carthagrna»by the way of Santa Fe and
Quinto ; and to this it was indebted for its cle>
vation and coneequenoe, as it is to the loss of it,
for its present poor, dull, and gloomy state.
The estates in its neighbourhood might be
made very productiire in wheat, rice, and sugar,
if there waa any encouragement given to agri-
culture ; but while the cultivator has no other
prospect before him tiian that of seeing his pro>
duoe rot on his hands, be will naturally be ca»>
tious to cultivate no more than is sufficient for
his own ooDsnmption. Not leat productive
might the estates be, which are aitoirted ia the
mountains, for rearing cattie and sheep, if then
existed any encouragemeatk At an instance,
the family of Lynch, already mentioned, po8«
sess an estate on which are maintained sixty
thousand sheep, which produce wool (tf a very
tolerable quality, but, owing to there being no
export for it, much is wasted, and what is sold
produces only two dollars the arroba ; so that
the estate, which, if commerce was encouraged,
would yield a princely revenue, barely suffioas
for the msuntenauce of their family in a very
economical style d living.
If I was struck with the attention given to
the affairs of religion at Lima, much mote was
this the case at Truxillo ; for this aa much sur-
passes the other, in private as well as public de-
votional observances, as the former appeared to
me to exceed every other jriace I had ever be-
fore visited. Indeed, the priests may truly be
said to live in clover at Truxillo.; the whole
business of the oity is. so entirely religion, that
it may be very properly vie\\ed as a great
cloister. It often occurs, that many (rf the class
called merchanta, and probably othera, are in-
visible at the ordinary hours oi business ; and
oil inquiry as to the cause^ it appears that they
are at their devotions, in whicli they must not
be distitfbed. Some families are said to spend
eight hours of the day in prayer. All this show
of sanctit} wQuld be very laudable, if it made
them better, or more honest men, but it had
a tendency to put me more on my guard.
Although others would have given me from
ten to fifteen per cent, more for my cargo, and
would have sdd wheat for u much less, yet I
preferr?'.! contracting with the man to whom I
was recommended, for a small advantage, rather
than with «ny other of this pious community
for a great onq. But aU my cautiop wm, unfor-
tunately, of no avail. One of these inveterate
praying men, who waa Migitged by my oorres-
pondent to rrsceive and delivci' the cargo, and to
supply the ship, made such enormous charges,
and was guilty of such Oraads, that I refused to
settle his account ; and it was left to arbitration
at Lima, the result of which I have never known,
further than that I never received any return of
the amount I left therewith to pay the awaoL
Malabrigo is, as the name indicates, a bad
shelter^ and is important only to the cultivators
of the valley of Chacama, foe the shipment of
their produce. Pacasmayo is only a collection
of a few Indian huts, near to a river of that
name, and is the pUu% of embarkation of Sttk
Pedro, which is distant from it about tiro
leagues over a very sandy rostd, some of
the hills of which resemble very high snow-
drift*. San Pedro, excepting its church, tM
the residences of hajf a dozen European famlUes,
is little better than a ooHection of wigwantf.
The curate, as in all such villages, is bmAripo-^
tent; and for a poor Indian, within the jurisdiottOli
of his curacy, to kill a calf, a hog, or a sh^,
without sending him a portion, would be ootf-
aidered a sin requiring more prompt sttonemeut
than that of the transgression of any rule of tlie
Deoalogoe. The inhabitants, with the above
exception, are Creoles and Indians. Some H-
milies of the former have acquiHred fortunes in
defiance of the obstacles presented by the bad
policy of the government. The jealousy which
exists between these and the Europeans is not
less than that which formerly prevailed, at Si.
Domingo, between the whites and mulattoes.
Honce the Creoles were perceived to be ardent
friends of the revolution, and are less reserye<l
in evincing this disposition than any otlier i)eO-
pie on this coast whom I have visited. To pi^-
mote these views, and add to their stock of
political knowledge, I gave them a large file of
Chili gazettes, which was a most acccptal^le
present to them. ^1^^
Our safe return to Callao vrith so largJEi'a
cargo of wheat and rice, was an event no less
auspicious for the people of Lima than for ohr-
sdves. Precisely three months bad ela|ks6d
since our departure from Callao ; and, by the
successful accomplishment of our voyage, ite
had demonstrated to the viceroy, that he had
no cause to apprehend the supply of bread-itiiitlf
being cut off by means of a Cliilian blockide ;
at the same time, we had insiMred a cOhfidftnbe
in our good faith, which was before grtitly
wanting. The earnings of the shlj^ during t)M*
period exceeded twenty thousand dolliin, piy«
able on landing the cargo. My reoept^n by
the viceroy waa one of the most flattfrrlAg da*
aeration. He appeared now, foir the first tline^
to be aware of the great advantage derivibte
from neutral commerce ; complinicnted me on
the boldness manifested in disregarding L6rd
Cochrane's proclamation Of blockade, and de-
clared his readiness now to give me a lieence to
go to any part of the coast I pleased.
I had now as many men at work in witadiAg
the ship as could be advanttgeously emp^M,
.''.i^i iCltEVlLAHO 8 VOTAOBS
uit wa^miMvteiiiir tQ<tee no time befcn Mng
aw«y Again. In tkt nemtimr, <oni<T«Ming mn>
▼ertt i^M for tha next opera*ion» the moet
eUgiUe appeared to roe t* be that of introduc-
ing a< cargo of braodj into lima before the re-
newal off the hloekade, preeaming that imme-
diaMljr after that event it would rise greatly in
value. This being determined on, an expren was-
sent off to Piico to buy the brandy, andliave it
ready for the ship aa aoon aa she should arrive.
Having aecomplished unlading and balhuting
tha thip we sdled again for Pisco, ou the 25th
of June, and arrived there on the 1st day of
July. Here we found every tiling in readinesa
for lading the ship in as short a time as possible,
and having taken on board four thousand jars of
brandy* and a deck load of wheat, we sailed
from Piaoo on the evening of tha 30th of July,
and on the Ist of August again entered, unmo>
lested, the port of CaUao.
The captain of the port, on making his accus-
tomed visit on our arrival, desired me uot to go
Oft shore until pemussion was obtained first
from Lima. Aa this seemed to me a regulation
for foreignera, which the vicen^ could not in-
tend to apply to those who were engaged coast-
wise, I told him I should not comply with it.
He then said he should pat me under arrest if I
came <m shore before obtaining the requisite
pennissiou. Accordingly, as soon as I had
breakfasted, the boat was manned, and we rowed
to the landing guarded by the sentry, who
caUedout tons to keep off; but, simultaaeoiuly
witb the order, I had landed and sent my boat
away. The sentry then arrested and conducted
me within the walls of the casUe. It was soonru-
moured that theoi^tain of the Beaver was in the
caa^eof Callao, and several officers of the navy
came to see me,kindly promising to obtain leave
foirneto goon board my ship, <tnd invited me to go
aniddiBe with them; buti declined leaving the caa-
tle until an order should come for my release firom
the viceroyt This order was given aa aoun as my
arrest was. known to him, and I was released,
after baving.passad needy the whole day in the
caatle, Theeffsd^ was what I intended and ex-
peoied it wpuld-^a general order for all masters
of foreign vcMels, sailing coastwise, with the
viceroy's Ucenoe, to be permitted to go on shore,
and, if desired, to proceed to Lima without
waiiUng for a special commission.
, ^ circumstance which occurred on this vagage
demonstrates the extreme credulity of their peo-
ple, not leas than the ideas they entertain of our
morality and humanity. A Spanish brig, called
the Volador, and owned in Lima, had been load-
ing fit Pisco with brandy and wheat at the same
time with the Beaver. This brig having accom-
plished her Uding, and having several passen-
gert (Ml board, saued for CaUao about four hours
hefora.AU* At sunset of the day of departure,
we perceived that we were coming up fast with
her. and supposed we papied her in the ni|^t.
tie following ni^ we anohored at Callao, and
the next day were momentarily cxpeeting the
arrival of the V<rfader, aa «ght or ten houn at
the most ought to be the only diAirenae in. our
passagea ; but ahe did not anive that day« An.
other and yet another day passed, and no ap.
pearance of the Volador. The owner, and those
who bad fi-iends on board, had now beoome
very jestly alarmed, and my replies to their
earnest inquiriea as to vrhen we last saw her, or
what I sussed could have beoome of ber, haduo
tendeaey to lessen tlMm. Her disappearance was
enveloped in a mystery, which has never been
unravelled. There waa not known er believed
to be any cruiser near, by which she might have
been cai^ured ; and the weather had been very
fine, the sea very smooth. Had shefouudered?
Had she taken fire and burnt up? In either of
these events it would be atrange^ that not one
individual should be ssved in sa^ padllo a sea ;
and still morestrange, thai not a boetr^ispar, an
oar, ov trace of any thing belonging to^ this vessel
should ever have been disooverad ; yet soch was
the fact, and to this day, I believe, it haa never
been known what became of her^ '
.""'/«» (t
" »Hift!'»v'>iT I tr Mlo V
CHAPTER XXXIIL.( ??,fi pntd
Unplauaut tuspieloBS. — ^How exeite^.-~ilppMl ti*
the Viceroy.— Exuninatieu oftbeBeavars erew.
— Satisfaetory naal(.~>ProAtabIa sala of cargo.—
AdvantBgeous propoaal<-^Ship ehartorad.-rOa-
partura frun Callao.^ Fortuoata ascapa.-^Ari'ival
at Ouaoho,— Badmanagamant.— MaDuCuturea at
Guaobo. — Prooaad to La Barranca.— A buii||ling
5 Mot. — Iiupatianoa ondar delay.*— JusUiBabIa in-
toenca.— Departura for Samaneo Bay.— Mon
dalays.— Inl'atuatton of tha ehartarar.*^Advant>
ages of Sananeo Bay, — > VMtnrs. — |>rllalllra
mannars of tha Comnandent of Banraaion and hn
daughtara.'— Proeaad to Paeaaaayo.— Thanea to
ValparalFi>.— Boarded by a CMlum aBan-ef>war.
— SaCtariival.
u'l,'
After arriving at Callao from Pisco, having no
immediate business at lima, I remained on board
ship a fortnight, while the cargo waa discharg>
ing. When this was accomplished, I went to
the city. On walking out soon after being set
down at my lodgings, I perceived myself to be
anobgcf^of unusual attention! and heard the
remarks, " There he goes"—'* That's the fel-
low ;" and saw people pointing at me. Passing
by the shop of an acquaintance, he expressed
surprise at my release firom the castle of Callao,
if the rumours relatine to me were true. On
my asking ai\ explanation, he told me the report
was current, and generally believed, that I had
run down the Volador, and drowned the crew
and passengers; that I had been inoaroarated
for it in the castle, and that the people were
astonished to see me at liberty, and wiJking tii«
streets of Lima.
AND COMMERCIAL KMTBRPHlSES.
l$l
It appewecl that a number of eh-cumitanoei^
trifling In tbenkselvfli had' comMn«d to ikvoor
thi« idea, in a'pbpulM* jealous of strangen* and
ten«rall]r very ignorant. Anumg them, mf
having remained a fbrtnight at Callao after ar«
rivingi— my being arrested by thf< sentry, and
conducted to the eastle — my having remained
there, as Ivas Supposed, while actually on bonrd
(hip---and tlie ciremnstance of their entertain*
ing nonb to6 good opinion of me to doubt my
readhiesB to destroy a teasel and crew in revenge
for the ill treatment I had received In the ooon-
try, were Bufflldent materiida wherewith to fabri*
cate the «tN>ry f^hich waa in eirculation in the
city.
■i.t ill.-'
nwiB ttoV'MitleNis that my personal safety
reqnired that some immediate and efllcadoua
mCMurM should be adopted to undooeive the
popolace, as I pereeived the story to be believed,
not by the mdb alone, but by persons who ought
to have known better. I therefore waited on the
viceroy for this purpose, and requested that an
investigatidn mif^t be made into this business
by his order. He had heard of such report, and
ridiculed it ; nevertheless, he thought my safety
would be better secwed by an inquiry. Accord-
ingly, three officers of the royal navy were ap-
pointed to examine as many of the Beaver's crew,
touching this business, as they thought proper.
It happened, fortunately, that among my seamen
was a Spaniard belonging to Lima, and this man's
testimony, corroborating that of the others, was
uf great importance. They were not long in
coming to a faTourable result, exonerating me
from idl blame or participation in the loss ; and
this decision was sent to the viceroy, who caused
it to be generally known. After this no doubt
existed in the minds of the respectable part of
the community of my innocence, but the unf».
vourable impression was never entirv'tly obliter-
ated with the lower class.
I had contemplated landing only one half the
cargo at Ctdlao, and prdeeeding down the coast
with the other half, which would produce enough
to lade the ship with wheat ; but, having ascer-
tained that amipply had already been sent there,
I concluded to gtve up this plsua, and negodated
with a house in Lima to take the whole cargo,
at a profit of About ten thousand dollars. It had
been observed that, latterly, much brandy had
been delivered Arom the pumps, and we were
prepared to find great breakage, although there
had been no rough weather to produce it. Bat
it vita evident that the weight was too great, and
that by it nmny of the lower jars had been
crushed. On completing the unlading, we found
that one hundred and fifty jars had been broken ;
notwithstanding which, the operation proved to
be a very productive one. "''-' " ■ "• ■ ' ^'
It was now evident, from the' aeodunttfrom
ValpHraiM, that niuch time would not elapse
before the reiai^iearMiee df the Chilian fleet, and
the renewal of the bloekade. The great import*
ancc of being away, therefore, before tMs event,
waa otrvioas^ and any delay in decidiag what
course <t(T pursue mi^ be attended with i».
creased teas of tiasc; if nothing worse. Ahboogii
the exposed situation in which a shigi'liec at
OuanchAea and Paeasmayo, and the tedions p(«.'<
cess of conveying the cargo throogh tiieaurf to
the launches, on the shonldersof men, aaasetke
lading of a ship at these plaees to be a very la.
borioNS and tedious undertaking, yet the fM^
to be earned was in due proportion to this trou-
ble ( and, perceiving nothing that presented no
fair a prospect, I determined on pursuing it, and
immediately dispatched an express to those
places, to have a cargo prepared i^ainat my ttw
rival there. "'"'J « ■" ■ - •■■.■• ■^ ■u,.. isji
This measure had scanely been taken whanf I
had a proposal for the charter of the ship,wliiflli
oflTered advantages so much greater t&an the'
other, that I immediately closed with it, andaent
off a second express to countermand the flrst
order. This charter stipulated for the ahi^ to
proceed to three ports to leeward, and there lade
with the produce of the country, and prooeed
with it to Valparaiso } there deliver it, and relate
with wheat for Callao. For the peiformance al
this service I waa to receive forty thousand dol-
lars, limited to be performed in four month* ;
and if, from any cause on the part of the char^
terer, that time was exceeded, he was to pay at
the rate of six thousand dollars per month. In
addition to the certiunty which this contrast
presented, was the great additional security re-
sulting from i' ^ being fur English account ; as the
commanders audofllcers of the Chilian fleet were
almost exclusively English, and they had given
the most unequivocal evidence of a disposition
to view, with indulgence, the same transaction
under their native flag, which was denounced tUt""
confiscation under the American.
Having agreed with the charterer that the sMp
should be dispatched without delay, it being
even more for his interest than mine thait no
time should be lost, and the blockade bring mo^^-
mentarily expected, my impatience be«dne idi^
great when the month of September was ftpu '
preaching its close, that it was agreed I shmud '
proceed to Guacho, and there wait for him to
join the ship. Accordingly, late in the iflemoon
of the 28th of September, we sailed Iram dl"''
lao ; and, at sunset, as We were passing the Pett>*^
cadons, on the north side of the bay, we aaiw
the Isabella, Lord Cochrane's ship, en^iring near
San Lorenzo, on the south side. This was, in<^
deed, a fortunate escape, as a delay of only ah '
hour would have ctosed the door upon tia. The
Pallas, ar American brig, which niled with u«,
bound to windward, was detained, and sent to
Valparaiso.
The day after learvlng CaHao^ vrt anchored W
Ouacho, and in the evening a squad of soldiers
were sent to thebeadh, intended for the twofold
advantage of protecting the ship, and preventiug
smuggling; but thev had no boat to bring them
en bo«rd, and kept blowing horns and hallooing
132
tm oun tiU tm§ ««r« satitfiad ve should aot
MndfortliMB, andtkcy UieB maicbad iMck ufftiu
t« tkdr qairlMn. We foiuMly ou our anival,
«<]piuitit3r of sugar ready to be taken on board ;
km with the badmanagcaient, evinoed firom the
thtf of the coatraet, no licence had been pro-
i4dad tar flmbarking it, and another week was
•loai before it was received from Lima. As soon
■m tin Kotnee was received, the sugar was em-
barked, and we sailed for La Barranca, to take
•n botrd a qoaatity which was there ready for
delivery.
Goaeho is s smaU village, principally of la-
dianiy whose employment is almost exclusively
making straw hats and cigar cases; in which
aaanufceture they have arrived at a degree of
dtffl to mudi sinpassing all others, that their
dgar cases of the finest quality are often sold for
a doubloon, and their hats are proportionally
prized. As La Barranca is an obscure place,
wheitB probably the American flag had never be-
fore been displayed, that no time might be lost,
I, for the first time since navigating the coast,
took a {»lot ; but I had better been without liim,
'M, in the true bungKng style of his countrymen,
he brought the ship to at least a mile further oft
than was requisite. Having dismissed him, and
taken soundings of the harbour, we perceived
dso, by the breaking of our bower auchor on
heaving up, that he had anchored us on foul
ground. We ran in to about half a mile from the
beaek, whence our cargo was to be taken, and
anchored again In a snug harbour, which is at an
equal distance (torn La Barranca and Supa, and
serves as the pott of embarkation for each.
The lading of cargo, at this place, occupied
about a week, at which time, having received a
letter firom the charterer, dated at Lima» without
stating when he should leave there on his way
• lo Jmn the ship, I became very impatient ; and,
trith a view of saving time, by lessening the dis-
tacoe between us, returned again to Guacho, and
Monsied him of this movement by an expreu.
Day after day passed away while we were lying
idle at this place. At length, on the 25th of
October, he arrived in a smidl vessel, laden with
«Moa, indigo, his baggi^;e, &c. The policy of
' auch aolidtode and such impatience on my part
nft our stow progress, while the earnings of the
-aUjp'were so great, may not be perceived; but
the iAfsranca was dear, that the persJI who
aaanaged his own aflhirs so badly, ooold not so
well be confided in for the fiilfilment of his eH-
gagemeats to others ; and hence my dissatisfslc-
tton was manifested, occasionally, in terms less
mild and conciliating than was becoming. The
triival of the English brig Gatalina^ destined to
lade with sugar for Valparaiso, and the informa-
tion received by her, that the English ship In-
qMCtor had gon« to Canete for a like purpose,
amd fbr the same destination, tended greatly to
diminish the prospect of advantage which was
pMHilsed at the early staM of the enterprise.
' The cargo of the Utne vessel haVlng lieen
CLEVELAND S VOYikOES
taken on board the Beaver with all possible
dispatch, we sailed on the evening of ^he sami
day for Samanco Bay. . The second day after
leaving Ouacho we anchored in a bay in latitude
9>' 17% which I supposed to be Samanco Bay;
but, as we could discover nothing of the river
Huambacho, I presumed that we were mistaken.
I therefore dispatched a boat aarly in the mom.
lag to the northern extremity of this bay, to
look for the river in question. At noon the boat
returned, and the officer reported that tiu bay
and river were about five miles to the north of
ttSk Immediatdy therefore we we^hed anchor,
and proceeding to this bay, came to anchor again
in a snug cove near the river Huambacho.
The ship was no sooner aochored than several
hMMmen made their app e aranc e om the beach.
The eharterer went immediately to, them, asd
ascertained that they were the pefsc^is charged
with the delivery of the cotton #hiob was to be
taken on board, and which, instead of being all
ready prepared for us, it iqjqpeared would; not be
ready for several weeks. If there had been no
prospect of competition at Valparaiao, the ex<
pense of the ship alone ought to have discou-
raged the idea oi waiting ; and the (wo eircum<
stances combined should have left no hesitation
in the decision to leave the cotton and piursue
the voyage ; but a strange infatuation joemed to
blind the charterer to the ruinous oonaequencei
of delay. Fcnt eight hundred quintals of cotton,
value five thousand six hundred dollars, the ship
was detained a fortnight, at a pertain expense of
three thousand dollars, and the difference in the
value of the sugar at Valparaiso, if the other
vessels should arrive there before ua, would pro-
bably not be less than thirty thousand dollars;
but with obstinacy and stupidity it was in vaiu
to contend, and, in the annihilation of any pn»
pect of advanti^i^e on my own adventure, I had
only to be resigned. At length, afiier the expir-
ation of a fortnight, the cotton had been taken
on board, and we were on our way to Pacasmayo,
thdast port of our destination on this coast.
The aidvantages which Samanqo Bay would
afford to a hostile squadron in these seas, ar(
great ; until forces coidd be collected from a dis-
tance, they might lie here vrith ail the security
that they would have in their own harboun.
The fadUties which the rivor Huambacho often
for wooding and watering are great, as the beiti
ean enter uid lade withont any diffioalty. The
town of Nepina being six leagues distant, H
wight be difficult to procure cattle and domestic
animals, but the bay abounds vrith fish, fovl.
and seal. The latitude of this bay is 9' 12.
Immediately to the southward of it is a fine bav,
where we first anchored ; and next, northward,
is the very spacious Bay of Ferrol, affording t
harbour equally safe, and the prospeciof 8U|)pliei
firom an Indian village on its northern shore.
As the Beaver was doubtless the first foreign
ship that ever had a royal Hoance- for tradiHC
coastwise, as she was a reaoaritably fine sliip^ lnil I
AND C(>^r^iEllCIAL em TfcR prises.
ISS
beautiful accomiuodatidns, and mras alvrays kept
in the neatest brder, her fame along the euast
was very great. And at all these small places
the was thronged with visitors— men, womeif,
and children, who caAie from many miles distant
to see the ship, and who always expressed them-
selves delighted with (what they considered) the
leauty of the cabin and its furniture, the white-
ness at the deck, and the attention to cleanliness
in every part. The commandante of La Banvnca
and his three pretty daughters, from eighteen
to twenty 'four years old, happened to be on
board one day at our dinner hour, and I invited
them to sit down with us. Their awkward mode
of handling the table utensils was evidence that,
although they were people of the first respecta-
bility, they were accustomed to live in very pri-
mitive style, being evidently entirely unaccus-
tomed to the refinements of such superfluous
articles as plates, knives, and forks. They en-
deavoured, however, to do as we cBd ; the ftther
and one of the daughters succeeded tolerably
well, but the other two girls seemed to consider
, a plate, knife, and fork, for each, to he needless.
They therefftoe placed a plate between them,
and one of them taking the knife and the other
the fork, they endeavoured, the one to cut,
while the other held the meat with the fork.
But this nMtde oi proceeding did not succeed ;
the beef was too hard, or the knife was too dull,
or there was a want of adroitness, and they
were finally compelled to accept the aid of their
next neighbour — which they did with great
complacency- being all the time in high glee
at this novel mode of taking their food. The
commandante was very desirous of returning
our civiUty, by giving us a dinner at his house,
but the duties of the ship would not allow out
absence for a day, and we declined the honour,
although the young ladies earnestly seconded
the invitation. They left us, as did all' onr visit-
ors, with manifestations of pleasure and gratifi-
cation. Arriving at Pacasmayo, I was very agree-
ably disappointed in finding all the cargo at the
shore ready to be taken on board, and a fair
prospect of meeting with no detention at this
disagreeable anchorage. With great exertions
the last of the cargo was received on board at
the expiration of a week from the time of our
arrival, and on Sunday the 21st of November we
sailed for Valparaiso. Thus, on the day of de-
parture from the Poruvian coaat, were expended
nearly three months of the four for which the
t^p was chartered. But there was a satisfac-
tion in being under way, and in the conscious-
ness that the business must progress, which I
had not experienced since entering into the
contract.
While pursuing our voyage to Valparaiso, and
in the latitude of 22<> and longitude 91'> west,
>ye fell in with the Chilian ship of w(ur San Mar-
tin, of sixty-four guns, bearing Admiral Blanco's
flag. As he approached, he fired to bring us to.
Hla boat with a lieutenant then boarded m, and
requested me io go on boarl^ith my papen.
This I deelhied, and sent them by Mr. PinUiMB»
with my eompUmenta to the adiniral, and tuf-
ing, that I never left my ship at sea exoept if
compulsion. The boat soon retoraed, Mngiag
Mr. Pbikham, and a request, that the ffhartmr
Would go on board, and produce the required
proof of the property bdng as stated. Thia he
did to the satisfaction of the admiral, vrbo, 1m
•aid, made no hesitation in declaring that, if tiie
ship had been laden for any other than Bnglidi
account, he would have sent her in for abjudi-
cation. To this drcomstanoe, thor^ore, were
we indebted for being allowed to paaa without
molestation. Passing in sight of the islands
Masafuera and Juan Fernandez, we arrived in
safety at Valpanuso, after a remarkably plraaaat
passi^ of.twofity.five days.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
RmuU of dalayt.— Ueprtsscd state of the narlNt at
Valparaiso.— Pnrcbina of ahips.—IMuni toCulae,
•-4arpriae of the antburiiies.— Importioeiit iDior-
rogH|orie«.— UiMtons for rotiirning home. — Throo
•hijM frttighted.— Acoouot of Lima.— HeMTT (lew*.
— Barthquaket. — Pawion ofthe ladies for flowert.
— Preralence uf the sacenfotnl gnrb.— Ludicrotia
affiray.— Liieniinnsnessand ittnorance of ihe cler-
gy .—Public annisemento.— Private pastimps;—
Passive ob«t«lienee the only means for leading a
qiiiel life. — Departure in theBearerfor Guavaqnil.
— Fane of Payti.— Arrival at Guayaquil.— The
piloi'i* shioM.— Interview with the Governor.—'
Reas> ns for hishustility.— Policy of aiibin'tvi>>g tt
ojiction — Return to Lima — Redress. — Descrip-
tion of Ona>aqui1, — Healrliy climate.~-Beaut/
of thtt^tomen. — Commercial in)porlan«i«*.
The great loss which I anticipated from . ik
tardy progress in lading the ship, was unfortu-
nately but too surely experienced. The day after
we had anchored, the Catalina, which we had left
loading at Ouacho, arrived, and, before we had
begun to nnlade, the inspector also arrived
with a full cargo of spgar. The arrival of thMe
cargoes of sugar at the same time had an im«e>
diate tendency to depress the market ; and the
cargo of the Beaver, which, but for there twu
arrivals, woidd have hronght from tendt^Uars
and a half to deven dollars per arroia, Was
with difiSoulty sold for seven doihira seventy-
five cents ; making a difference of from twen^-
flve to thirty thousand dollars to the eharterefr
and five or six thousand on my private adw
venture. ■•'■m
As I had received no account of the consfga-
ment per the Livonia, although twelve months
had elapsed, I lost no time in calling on the
house for an explanation: and had soflicient
evidence, that no account would ever have been
rendered if I had not demanded it in parson.
The notoriety of the embarrassed situation of
their afKtirs led me to be very apprehensive of
134
CLEVBLAMO V ^VdYAGES
difficulty In geUing my property ont ni their
hndt. There -wn evidently no other chanee
of tueoen than to take wheat and other prodaoe
of the eonntty, which they had in store. To
■oeomplish tliii, it woald be necessary to bay or
to charter a Ship. I therefore purchased the
riiip Ocean, of three hundred and uzty-flve
tons burden, and received a cargo of wheat for
her from t3ie honse. Tliis ship and cargo were
one-hah on my own account and the other on
that of a Spaniard at Lima, wlto had been one
of the principal freighters in the livonia.
Not doubting tliaf I should be able to employ
neutral ships advantageously at lima, I pur-
chased one-half of the ship Zephyr, of Provi-
dence, of three hundred and sixty tons burden,
and chartered the Swedish ship Drottingen, of
four hundred tons. The quantity of wheat
which had already been shipped for the market
of Lima, was such as to offer no prospect of
profit on other shipments, and my object in put-
ting any on board these vessels was only to se-
cure an entry. The account sales of my adven-
ture by the Livonia fell, far short of my expecta-
tions ; and, indeed, produced one-third less than
other shipments to other consignees by the
same vessel. This was in part accounted for by
the duties being all charged as cash, when one-
half was paid in government paper, which was
then at a great discount. This I caused to be
refunded ; and although I had been cheated in
the weight and otherwise, the adventure yielded
a handsome profit.
'^Having completed lading the Beaver with
Vrheat, in bulk, and the charterer being ready, on
the 21st of January, 1820, we sailed from Val-
paraiso, and after a pleasant passage of twelve
days, anchored once more at Callao. The Ocean
had arrived some days before, and was unlading.
The Zephyr and Drottingen arrived a few days
after the Beaver, and I had now the four ships
discharging at the same time. The circumstance
of making such a show of business excited no
less surprise at Lima than it had done at Val-
paraiso ; yet it was at the latter place only,
where commerce is decLped free, that I was
subjected to impertinent interrogatories rdative
to my business, by that profound blockhead, De
la Cruz, the governor ; a very diffierent character
from the one of the same name who vras so dis-
tlngiiished in the wars of Peru.
The successful accomplishment of my charter
to Valparaiso and back, combined with the pro-
duct of my anterior freights, now gave me the
control of an amount of propertv which could
not fail to justify me in determimng to lade for
home ; in addition to which, the state of the
ship evinced but too clearly that the period had
arnved when the enterprise ought to be brought
to a close ; cables, rigging, sails, boats, ewxj
thing was so much worn, as to be barely suf>
fld^t to terve the passage home; and a re-
newal of them in this country would be attended
with great expense. Diity, therefore, ihdepen-
dantly of inclination, pointed out this, as the
eOiMe which ought to be pursued. While, there-
fore, the ship was discharging, I made a con-
tract for aoaigo of cocoa, to be delivered on
board at Guayaquil, and obtained the viceroy's
licence for the same; and was otherwise busily
engaged in the settlement of my business, pi«.
paratory to taking a final leave of lima. For
the Oonn, I obtained a freight from Gnayaqoil
to return to Callao, and dispatched t^er <\s soon
as unloaded. For the Zephyr, I prochivd an
advantageous freight from Guanchacn and Pa-
casmayo, and dispatched her on th" 1st of
March. Funds being offered me on re^ndn^enMc
sufficient to lade the Drottingen, I contracted
for a cargo deliverable at Guayaquil, on the
same terms as the Beaver's ; and laded her ai
Guyaquil entirely on my own account, whence
she proceeded to Gibraltar. The charterer of
the Beaver having resigned any further claim
on the ship, after completing his unlading, (the
19th of February,) she was again at my dii.
posal.
The term for wUch my crew had shipped
being now also exfnred, I had to pay them off
and ship a new one. A cfisagreeaUe job in any
country, but a very difficult one at ^ place;
nevertheless, I succeeded, prindiiaUy by r.
shipping the old crew. Havkg nn^doyed
Spaniards to ballast the ship, I could have been
oflT on the 1st of March, but for a difficulty at
the custom-house. This arose from a regulation,
that no ship could obtain a clearance, the du.
ties on whose inward cargo, vrere unpaid, a re-
gulation that placed me completely at the mercy
of the charterer, as no bonth would be takea
It was, therefore, the 12th of March, before
this arrangement could be made, and the clear-
ance obtained, when we bade ftrewdl to oar
Lima acquaintance, and the neit day sailed for
GuayaquiL
Nearly two years had now d^Med since my
first arriTal at Lima, and during that period, I
had never witnessed a shower of rain, a fliish of
lightning, or a peal of thunder; but there an
▼ery heavy dews amounting to Scotch nnsts,for
half the year, during which time the sun is sel*
dom seen; the weather, therefore^ is gloomy;
the dampness so great, that every thing sweep.
tible of it becomes rusty ; and the streets be>
come so dirty and slippery as to make it very
unpleasant for the pedestrian. There were se-
veral shocks of earthquakes, which alwayi
created alarm, but none that caused any damage
while I was there. They are observed to be leu
violent where wells are common. The market
of Lima is always well supplied >vith beef, mut-
ton, poultry, and fish, at the seasons peculiar to
each ; with vegetables and fruit all the yesr
round. In variety and excellence, the fruiti
surpass those of any other country I have ever
visited. Peaches, apricots, plums, grapes, ap-
ples, pears, pines, guavas, bananas, itrawbenriei,
and ortDges, are abundant in th«ir seasons ; bnt
And OOMMBRCIAt.
thit wliich is juitly thefa%hMt prized, uidinmy
opinion is the most delicioas fruit ia the world,
is the ehtrri mome, a description of whidi has
])«en given already by so many travellers, as to
maiie it superfluous here.
As the ladies of Lima are famed for their pas*
ftion for flowers, and pay liberally for such as
are superior, the maricet is generally well sup-
plied ; but on Sundays and holidays there is such
a brilliant display of rich and beautiful colours,
such an infinite Tariety and form, all in such
perfection, and displayed vrith so much taste,
that few can pass them without payin<[; a volun-
tary tribute. So many and correct dmcriptions
ai Lima have been of late years published, as
to make it unnecessary to say any thing on the
subject here. I shall, therefore, nuke only
some desultory remarks on objects which came
immediately within my olnervation.
A stranger is struck, on passing through the
streets of Lima for the first time, by the great
number of people in the sacerdotal garb ; evinc-
ing that the afiairs olthe church are in no de-
gree less ingrossing here, than in other Catholic
countries. But a moderate degree of experience
and observatioB is sufficient to induce the belirf,
that the moral and reUgkms advantages which
the people derive, bear no proportion to the
multiplicity oi teachers; on the contrary, the
inverse ratio would be nearer the correct one.
Nor are the remarks of Robertson, the historian,
lets applicable to the existing generation, than
to that of which he wrote, when he says,
" Many of the regular clergy are not only desti-
tute of the virtues becoming their profession,
but regardless of that external decorum and
respect for the opinion of mankiud, which pre-
serve a semblance of worth where the reality is
wanting." I have seen no people who appeared
to be so devoted to religious affiurs, and none
where every rule of the Decalogue is so gene-
rally disregarded.
That the ambition and passions of men are
not annihilated, or even mitifpsted, by the sanc-
tity and seclusion of the doister, was proved by
an instance no less ludicrous than melancholy,
while I was at Lima. The fraternity of Au-
gustine monks lost their superior by death. In
the choice of a successor the brotherhood were
divided, and so equally, and each party so obsti-
nately bent on not yielding to the othor, that
they at length came to blows ; and in the sanc-
tuary where love, peace, and harmony are sup-
posed to dwell, were ragii^ such discord and
horrid war, that it was only by the aid of a mi-
litary force sent^here by the viceroy, that peace
and order were once more restored to these tur-
bulent sons of the church.
The ridieulotts pdde which prevents the de-
scendant of Europeans from pursuing any of the
mechanic arts, has left to a vast body of the
well.iborQ" the choice only of the sword or
gown, en^pioymeats for which many had neither
talents atiir iuoliaation. Hence a total abseooe
BMTKRFRISES. ]35
of science aA skill in the military, and heaet
the licentiousness and ignorance of the dergy,
of whom the historian before auoted observes,
that, " notwithstanding many of the members el
the clergy ei\joy the ease and indq>eodence
which are favourable to the cultivation of science,
the body of secular clergy has hardly, during
two centuries and a half, produced one author
whose works convey such useful information, or
possess such a degree of merit, as to be ranked
among those whidi attract the attention of e4-
lightened nations." ^ ^-
Neither the public amusements, nor the pri2
vate and select society of Lima, were equal to
my expectations, founded on the consideration
of its age, population, opulence, and the long
state oi tranquillity it has enjoyed. The theatre
is capacious and of tolerably good aspect within ;
but the performances are bad, and the house,
for the most part, poorly attended, the one pro-
bably a consequence of the other. At the
circus, where the bull-fights are exhibited,
there is evidence given of its continuing to be
the fkvourite amusement of the people, as the
boxes and seats are invariably crowded; the.
most respectable part of the female world, how-
ever, (to their credit,) are generally idbsent-
These, with an occasional procession, a military
review, and the ride in the paseo, on Sundays
and holidays, constitute all the public amu8«ii,
ments. ■,',',^
The Limeans appear to possess all that dread
of being alone, which is the peculiarity of an
idle people, and therefore never miss meeting ui
the evening at each other's houses, where they
have recourse to the universal custom of cardsf
in the games of which their children are initiated
at a very early age. The ladies of Lima posses*
no ordinary share of personal attraction ; but,
excepting the common acquirements of music
and dancing, they are as uncultivated as th^r
last imported sUves. Indeed, as respects s«^
dety, Lima affords none to the man of litera-
ture, for literature is not cultivated; none to
the politician, for politics must not be meddled
with; none to the enterprising merchant, for
enterprise is proscribed; none to teachers of
political economy, for political economy is a^
sdence totally uniknown ; none to the promoten
of industry, for industry is discouraged. In
fine, those w^ 3 can make up their minds to live
in a state of ^.^^sive obedience and non-resistance
to the governing powers, and take care not to
offend the dergy, may lead lives as peaceable,
easy, and quiet, as they must necessarily be
stupid and worthless.
On our way to Guayaquil, we anchored ajl
the little town of Payti, a pUce indebted jfdir
some fame to the circumstance of its having bem
sacked by Lord Anson; and latterly, l>y Lord
Cochrane. To view this miserable-looking little
town, and the apparently extreme poverty of tjhe
inhabitants, one would suppose, that Briilit(h
magmmimitjt would not only )iavf 9p«^ |t, 1^u|
136
th«t, in o|q»o«ttlon to the commoi^prMticea of
wwr, Brititih gmerotUf fniMhane tried to aU
leviale it. In botli instanoet, however, the
booMi of the anfortantte inhabitants were
■tripped of every thing, not excepting aneh ar-
tldea even as were of no nae to the ravagera.
The former inatanee ia on record, as an evidence
of BrUitk ghry — ^the latter is destined to impe-
fishaUe renown, as forming an enviable epoch
in the Chilian annals.
Pursuing our destination, we arrived and came
to anchor, on the 2Srd instant, near the town of
Puna, at the north end of the island of that
name. Here a pilot came on lioard to take the
ship to Ouayaqnll, ftnr which we had a leading
brette. When abreast of the fort we were
hatted, and ordered to come to anchor, and send
a boat ashore with the passport. The boat
having been aheady prepared, was immediately
ou her way, and the pilot was extremely anxious
to obey the summons of coming to anchor ; but
having a leading breeze, I would not consent to
it. He then placed himself so as to have the
mainmast as a shield against the expected shot ;
none, however, was fired at us, and we anchored
off the town df Goayaquil on the evening of the
a&th of March.
I had the mortification to find the Ocean un-
der adziire, on pretext of irregularity of papers;
taA the Drottingen lying idle, in consequence of
a prohibition to lade till the agent would engage
to pay an additional export duty, exacted by the
governor. Under such circumstances my first
interview with the governor was not of a de-
aeription to prepossess either in favour of the
other. T presented him my licence from the
vicert^, which he admitted to be correct, and
said that we might begin to lade as soon as we
plaaaed. I then explained to him why the
Oeean's documents were imperfect; and ob-
served, she was navigating conformably to the
laws of the United States, and would be pro-
tected by any of our vessels of war; nor could I
see how he could be justified in detaining a ves-
sel, whose papers vrere so satisfactory to the
vieeroy, as to induce him to grant her the requi-
site licence to load. Bat it was useless and on-
aivailing to rea8<» vrith a man,, in whose detes-
tatioB of fordgners and hereties all onr embar-
vaasmantawere faunded, and on his refusal to
pMinit the sUp to lade, or to goaway in ballast,
I requested him to make a prize of hor, and to
treat the captain and crew as jnisonerB of war.
At thte Us wrath was kindled, and in an angry
and vehement tone and manner, he told me, that
he had had much difficulty to prevent the po-
pulace taking posses^m fk the ship as insurgent
property, and likewiaei from putting me to death
for having ran dovrn the Volador. In a tone
and manner BOBsewhat contemptuous, I asked
Um how it was possible, that a man who was
considered worthy of so respectable a command
as that of governor ol Guayaquil, could repeat
■0 ridiculous a story atd abruptly left him
CLEVELAND 8 VOYAOF.E
It was now evident that ilo mbre time should
he lost in reristing the governor's exaction, but
that vre must pay it, lade the ships as fast u
possible, and return again to Lima, for redress.
In the mean time, I wrote to Lima by the mail,
complaining of the conduct of the governor, and
made known my determination to return there,
in order that such steps might be taken before
my arrival, as should cause the least possible
detention. With these views, the lading of
both ships being accomplished at the same time,
we dropped down to Puna on the 19th of April,
sailed together on the 20th, and parted company
on the following night, — the Drottingen bound
to Gibraltar, the Beaver to CallaO. Arriving at
Callao on the 16th of May, we found that we
had not been alone in urging complaints against
the governor of Guayaouil, but that the inhabit'
ants, in addition, had done it so eflSftctnally,
that an officer had bson appointed by the vice-
roy to supersede him, and had already sailed in
the Prueba frigate iw that purpose. By a letter
firom the master of the Ooean, 1 was informed,
that when the governor asoertaSnedthatwe had
gone to Lima,- instead <rf the United States, as
he imagined, he was much alarmed and vexed,
and that he had not snfleieiit across to conceal
it.
Guayaquil is situated on a river of the Siame
name, and about fifty miles from the sea. At
a narrow pass of the river, about fifty leagues
below the town, called Punta de ~^'edra, is the
fort intended for its protectioF nst hostile
shipping ; but it is not strong to insure
successful resistance against a serious attadc. Al-
though this town is situated only two degrees
south <^ the ei|uator, and on low marshy ground,
its contiguity to a high chain of moontains ren-
ders the climate healthy; among them is oc-
casionally seen from the town the famed Chim-
borazo, whose summit, towering far above the
clouds, appears to belong to some other world.
For the greater part of the year the climate is
said to be agreeable, but during my visit (March
and April) the heat was exceedingly opinesaive.
The mosquitoes, at the same time, were so
numerous and annoying, as to compel me to
take up my lodgings on shore, and my sailors to
sleep in the tops of the ship. The liouses are
built entirely of wood, and in ani^reeable style,
adapted to the dimate^ The upper stories bdng
most aupy, and most free from moaqoitoes, are
occupied by the family, while the lower story it
destined fat the domntics. The churches, con-
vents, and custom-house are wooden buildings,
remarkable neither for size nor beauty. The
part of the town fronting on the river makes «
pretty appearance ; but this, aa well as the other
puis, are kept so intolerably dirty, thi^' nothing
bat positive training tofilthiness saves thepeople
from epidemics, and the other deleterious effects
of such climates. The women of tins city are
so celebrated for rbeuuty as to be termed the
CircaaaiaRsof Pern; whether deservedly so or
AND COMMKHCIAI. EffTBRfHISES
137
30i 1 am oot »ble to m^^, m the tieat prevented
their walking out in the d«y4ijne, and my hurry
of buiioeM prevented my engagiog in tlie society
of the pUoe. The buccaneers, however, who
took the town in the year 1687, ipeak in the
0ost exalted terms of the beauty and amiabiUty
if those, who wer^ the great-great.graQd-
mothers of the present generation, and it is
natural to infer, and desirable to suppose, that
the race has not degenerated.
The unportance of this pUce, in a commercial
pohit of view, is greater than that of any other
on the cout of Peru, with the excepUou of
Lima, and surpasses this, even, in the variety
sad value of native productions. The general
average export of cocoa is eighty thousand
cetyM of eighty one pounds each. Timber of
the finest quality is abundant and cheap, aud
»hip«building has long been pursued here on an
extensive scale. Cotton, bark, tanned liides,
thready &c., are among its articles of export to
Europe and to I4ma. It abounds in every kiuil
of finiit which is pecnhar to the tropics ; but the
pins-apples, fpr si«e and exquisite flavour, snr-
pau those of any ether eountry. The plantains
are very swpeiiov and abundant, and are used
as a substitute Iwr breadt The inhabitants of
this province are, generally, advocates of inde-
pendence.
l« 4»rj/* .'WT*
9fi
hH,d T^r. CHAPTER XXXV.
Tf-T
Bid state of the ship. — Repairs. — Difllrnlly of
wttling affain.— Doparture for Uiu Janeiro. — A
three year* vatnnpsot.— Good fromappiireiit evil.
— " Nil desperaadan."— 'Pereioptorj order from
ibe owners.— SurpriM and dissaiisreciiou thereat.
•"■Arriire] at Rio.— Imprvdence of cu«lonii- house
officers.— One of them treated acoordiiig lo kia
deserts. — Supplies procured.— Leaves Rio.—
Pleasant voyage to New York.- Arrival there. —
Letter to the underwriters. — Cordial reception
by the President of the Insurance Company. —
Seusatiun oreate«l by the voyaga.— Compliments
on its fortunaw termioalion.
On our passage to Callao the ahip proved to
be so leaky, that if no other cauae had made it
neoessaiy to touch there, thia woold have been
soffieieat. On examination it was found that
the bends and upper works were very opon, and
required recaulking; for which purpose there
would be a necessity of disohaiviag that part of
the cargo which was betwixt deou. Fortunately
I was able to procure a vessel inta which I could
discharge this part of the cargo^ uid thus save
the expense of transporting it to and from the
shore. While as many caulkera were employed
as could ynxk to advantage on the ship, I was
busily engaged in endeavouring to obtain from
the house which had contracted to deliver me
the two cargoes on board, flree o( alt expense,
at a stipulated ]irice, the addition which I had
been compelled to pay to the governor. They
acknowledged the juatneaa of my clain, hut de-
clined reimbursing me until they had flrsi i«.
covered it from the government. A menaorial
for that purpose having been presented to the
viceroy, waa, by him, submitted to the Junta
de Arbitrios, who probably had not come to a
decision wlien the subversion of the govcmoieni,
by the invading anny of Chili, put an end to
their functions.
At the expiration of ten days after my arrival,
the re(|uisite repairs were completed, the cargo
re-shipped, water-casks filleu, and every thing
made ready for our departure. StiU the house,
with whom I had contracted for the cargo, re-
fused to conform to the conditions of the eon-
tract by restoring the amount, which had been
arbitrarily exacted from me by the governor of
Guayaquil, and which should have beeu on their
account. If it was ever recovered from the go-
vernment, those to whom of right it belonged
never have received it. This, however, was net
an object of sufficient' importance to detain ihe
ship, even it the prospect of success had been
greater than appeared, especially as the momen-
tary expectation t^the Chilian fleet and renewal
of the blockade might cause iia a long detention.
On this account, I considered it to be so im-
portant not to lose on hour, after all things
were ready, that, a balance due on my private
account to the amount of Itetween five and six
hundred dollars, not l)cing forthcoming at nine
o'clock, as promised, I preferred the chance of
losing my money rather than detaining the ship
a moment; and, therefore, as two bells were
sounded, on the evening of the 1 1th of June, we
weighed andior and sailed for Rio Janeiro.
Thus, after an absence from my country of
three years, I was ouce more bending my course
homeward, and with a degree of impatience and
anxiety augmented by the drcumstance of hav-
iug had no tidings of my family since leaving
them. This occurred from not having fallen in
vrith the frigate Macedonia, on board of which
ship was a packet of letters for me, hot the
chaplain, into whose charge they were given,
died ; they were not left at any port where 1
might receive them, and were lianded me in
the United States many months after my arrival
there. The events of these three years may tte
thus briefly stated. I embarked at New York
with the most flattering prospects ; those pros-
pects were blasted and succeeded by inevitable
min at the first port of entry. Being unable to
rvcMidle myself to the tedious proeesa of litiga-
tion, in a Spanish tribunal, for the recovery of
the prqierty, I had deteigiined on attempting
it by violence, and, at the moment, when every
thing was ready for the execution of the design,
the wind failed' us. In a few hours after being
thus compdled to suspend the attack, I was
suddenly seuted with fever of such >ioIence as
to render me d^ifotto, and for nearly a week 1
was nnconsciona of pMsing events. A long
\:x6
clktbland's voyages
period of debiUty succeeded my eonvtleseence ;
daring which, I auffered from the oomhfaied
causes of not being able to obtain the requisite
nourishing food, and the vexations incident to
being subjected to the aurveilkmce of a military
guard. In this trjring state of suspense, anxiety,
and incessant aggravation, I remained seven
months, and vhen, by virtue of an order firom
the viceroy of Peru, I went to Lima, where a
ray of hope began to dawn. At length, my ship
was restored to me, together with a remnant of
the oturgo. At the expiration of twelve months
from rigdining possession of the ship, I had
employed her so advantageously as to have paid
all the expenses incident to repairi:" o-victual-
ling, and remanning her, which aknounted to
more than the product of the remnant of cargo
returned me. ^ had shipped on board the
Beaver, for New York, a cargo of cocor in bulk,
which, it was presumable, would nearly replace
the original capital ; besides specie more than
sufficient to defray all the expenses of the ship,
up to her arrival in the United States ; and ii.
addition, a clear and legitimate claim on the
Spanish government for the original amount of
cargo and damages. This entirely for account of
the owners of the Beaver.
For myself, having laid a foundation before
the restoration, of the ship, by a specclation to
Valparaiso, I had succeeded in acquiring a pro-
perty, such as the most successful accomplish-
ment of my views, at the outset, would not
have produced. Thus, again, as in repeated in-
atances of my eventful life, have the drcum-
Btances, which I deplored as being fraught virith
overwhelming calamity, proved to be produc-
tive, in the end, of the greatest good fortune.
And thus is manifested an instance, which
teaches, in the most emphatic manner, that, in
the most distressing circumstances, we should
never yield to despair, remembering always,
that
" WCf ignorant of ounelvM,
Bag often our own barma, whioh (ha wiaa powers
Danj US for our good ; ao find wa profit
By loaing of our prayara."
When on the point of leaving Lima, for the
United States, I received a letter from the
owners of the Beaver, acknowledging the re-
c Jpt oi mine up to the 23rd of August, and
conveying a peremptory order, that I should lose
no time " in bringing so long pending a concern to
a close, by a speedy return home," &c. The im-
patience manifested in this letter, to have re-
turned to them an old and worn-out ship, that
probably would not Tell at New York for more
than it would cost to deliver her there, would
have excited surprise, had they supposed she
was engaged only in a moderately advantageous
business ; but to give such an order, when in-
formed by my letter above mentioned, that the
■hip waa earning the enormous sum of ten thou-
sand dxAlm per mouth, was perfectly ineomprtw
heniible, and seemed to indicate such suspicion
that my intentions were not honest, as was very
morti^ng. A peremptory order also was un<
necessarily misplaced, and offensive. The voy.
age being one oi my own suggesting and plan-
ning, it would luf been as preposterous for the
owner to give orders, as it would for me to re.
ceive them ; and though, for form's sake only I
received instruction, yet it was well understood;
that the entire and unshackled control of the
voyage was vested in me ; nor would I have
undertaken the management of the enterprise
on any other condition. jut*
Our passage to Rio Janeiro, where vre ar.
rived on the 14 th of August, was remarkable
neither for celerity nor tardiness ; for very good
nor very bad weather. No sickness on board to
distress, and no disorderly behaviour to mar the
general harmony and quiet on board. As soon
as we had anchored, thfi usual number of cus-
tom-bouse guards and soldiers were put on
board. The former, from the facilities they are
expected to render to those who make short en.
tries, are treated with great AuniUarity and at-
tention by the masters of me«>chant ships, tt
whose tabic they always occupy seats, and som^
times invite their comrades. As I had no f^
vour to ask of them, other than such as com.
mon civility requures, which I was ready to re.
dprocate, I saw no reason for submitting to the
inconvenience of having them at my table, and
therefore desired the steward to give them their
meals in the Icwer cabin. I could not imagine,
that an objection could be made to such v-
rangeraent ; but we had scarcely taken oar
seats at the lupper table, when one of the officers
came into the round-house, and jegan to re.
monstrate against the want of respect and the
indignity offered him, in not complying with
the invariable practice of admitting the officen
of the customs to the ci^tain's Uble. As he
was backward in leaving the room, which I dt-
sired him to do, but continued talking in a high
and angry tone, I arose, and, taking him by the
collar, led him to the door, and then cave him
a shove which laid him sprawling on the deck,
The soldiers, who were on the forecastle, imme.
diately came aft to assist theh* comrade, who
was already on his feet again, calling lustily to
a boat, that was passing, to take him on boanl
This they complied with, and he left us, vowing <
vegeanoe. '
The next morning, as soon as the rules of
etiquette would admit, I made the customary
and requisite visit to the intendente. He was
sitting at his desk writing when I entered, and
rose to receive me. On being informed who I
was, he immediately alluded to the complaint of
ill treatment on board my ship, by oite of the
officers of ijxe customs. I then told him my
story, as already narrated. On hearing which,
he admitted I had served the officer as he de.
•erved; and another, •( loss pretensions, wm
— m.
AND COMMERCIAL F.XTERPRISES.
139
I lent on hoard in his stead. Taking leave of the
jAtendente, with apparently lio unfavourable im-
pressions on his part, from the circumstance of
I the officer's denunciation, I immediately set
about the necessary measures for collecting the
provisions and stores which were needed, and
replenishing our stock of wood and water.
As the cargo I had on board was much better
adapted to the market of Gibraltar, than to that
of New York, I conceived it to be probable, that
I should find letters at Rio Januro, directing me
I to proceed there, bat was agreeably disappointed
[at receiving only a duplicate of the one already
Imentioned, ordering me to make the best of my
|wsy home, with the least possible delay.
Having passed a week, very agreeably, at Rio
Ijaneiro, and obtained the supplies required, we
Isailed for home on the 21st of August, 1820.
Our passage to New York was uncommoub
plessant, both from its celerity and its enjoyme' i
»t an umnterrupted course of fine weather, but
entirely dei>*itute of any exciting occurrence to
laiy or interrupt the usuai routine of a sea pas-
age. When we had arrived within sight of the
lighlands of Neversink, and myself and officers
rere exchanging mutual congratulations at the
prospect of so soon experiencing a cessation of
(ur labours, I was astonished to perceive an
pposite feeUng to be prevalent with the crew.
Instead of the animation and hilarity, always
Observable with seamen when on the point of
iving, ours were interchanging expressions of
egret, that the voyage was about being brought
a close. This may, in part, be accounted for
' being foreigners, who, on arrival, could anti-
Kpatt no kind greetings of relatives or friends,
put it was an anomaly ; and inasmuch as it was
1 evidence of their happiness, and of a just
ppreciation of their usage on board, it was a
cumstance no less gratifyingto me than re-
tarkable in itself.
The tenor of the letter I had received from
he underwriters, was a theme on which my mind
'been much occupied during the passage.
I it was not (tupposable I could feel any of
bat complacency towards them, which was
pnstant and undeviating towards Messrs. Astor
bd \Vhitteu, as a consequence of the confidence
bposed in me, I determined to address to them
I letter, expressive of my sentiments and feel-
iigs, which should be presented before my in-
prview with them. Accordingly, I prepared
uch letter; and, sending it by the pilot, it
eached them several hours before I presented
ityself. I therein reminded them of their ac-
[nowledgment of the receipt of piy letter from
lima, by which they were informed that their
liip was earning the enormous freight of ten
piousand dollars per month, and of the infer.
Incc, very naturally suggested to my mind by
Ihe peremptory order for her immediate return,
Iter being possessed of such information, namely,
lat there was an unjustifiable want of confidence,
^d an implied apprehension affecting my ho-
10
nour. In the disasters attending the early part
of the voyage, perhaps there might be some
apology for the first ; but I did not admit any
w^^'tever for the last, which, I assured them,
was the only instance of the kind during my
life, and had been productive of pain and mor-
tiri>:ation to me, in pro(>ortion to its novelty, and
the respectability of the ^''Mrce fit>m which it
originated. Such bein, te case, however,
I remarked on the regret m. experienced at the
time the order was r ;el . 'd, that it had not been
Ci>nveyed to me b> k nsrson authorised to re-
lieve me from the charge of the ship, as I could
have improved the time much more advan-
tageously to myself had I been free from thu
incumbrance.
Conceiving, however, that they could not be
I aware of the efforts and means I had used for
the recovery of the ship, and her employment
afterwards, it appeared to me to be no more
than justice to myself that I should state to
them a few particulars relative to my exertions
to procure the restoration of the ship, after its
seizure at Talcahuana— my neglect of my own
private interests in so doing — my subsequent
efforts on the Peruvian coast, in defiance of the
Chilian blockade — my suppression of the mutiny
at Pisco, where no other seamen were procur-
able — and, finally, my unintermitted services,
up to the present moment, in behalf of the
owners, although I had been informed, as early
as June, 1819, that the jHroperty had been aban-
doned to the underwriters. Having also in-
formed them that, from my year's exertion in
their behalf, I had laden for their account on
board the Beaver 840,456 pounds of cocoa ; and
had besides a balance in specie of between five
and six thousand dollars ; I exiwessed to them
my extreme regret that this had not been done
before their patience was exhausted ; but hoped
forgiveness, on the principle that, "to err is
human — to forgive, ^vine."
This letter, as before observed, was forwarded
by the pilot, and not knowing the persons to
whom it was addressed, it was difficult to con-
jecture how it would be received. I presented
myself therefore at the office, prepared for peace
or war.
The very agreeable surprise at the hearty and
cordi''^ recer^'i n I experienced from the vener-
able president, when introduced to him, quite
ov(>:c.-\me me. He rose to meet me, his frank
and benign countenance beaming with expres-
sions of goodness and amiability ; inspiring no
other sentiments than those of respect, confi-
dence, and veneration; and, taking both my
hands, he said to me, " I have received your
letter, sir. I know your feelings. I thank you
for what you have done for us ; although I am
not authorised to promise you pecunittnr remu-
neration, you will nevertheless have it.'' Hav-
ing expressed to him how much more gratifying
to my feeling! wai the expression of such appro-
bation and kindneia than any pecuniary reward*
140
clfvkland's voyages
I left the office with nnotioiis rery different from
those with whieh I entered it.
My royage, I perceived, had made a consider-
able sensation with the mercantile portion of the
community ; and I was complimented on its for-
tunate termiiutUon hy some whom I did, and
others whom I did not know. Among the
i^snst, particularly, was an old and respectable
IDMBchknt, who observed to me, " You have done
weU for the office ; yon have raised the value of
its stodt ten per cent. ; they cannot give you less
^lan ten thousand dollars." Several of the
stockholders also expressed their obligation to
CHAPTER XXXVI.
'Objaetion to cbargat.-— Justified by aerfioas ren-
darad. — An arbitration, and its n»aIt.—DiaMtis-
fiMStioo.— Confidanca in tha Praaidant's asaorancaa.
—Latter to that gentleman.— Condnet of Lloyd'a
in a aimilar ease. — Probable reason for withholding
compensation.— Corporations have no soul.— A
•contrast. — ^Honourable treatment Inr a London
houae.— Termination of voyagea.— 'Their extent
and danger.— Extraordinary fttct. — Qenerd good
'health of onwa.—Sabaeqiient efforts and loues.—
Abuse of confidence. — ^Abadia and Ariamandi.—
^Unaaccetaful trip to Hamburgh in quest of the
latter.- Voyage to Spun.— Interview with Aris«
ntendi at Madrid. — ^His conduct- Return to New
York.— Hopes again defeated.— Sudden appear,
anee of Ari^mendi in Boston.— Rash prooeeding.
—Arrest of .Viiamendi.^Hi8 escape through the
agency of a Boston merchant.— Sordid motWea of
the latter.— Voyage to Havana.— Mr. Shaler's
•death.— Unsuccessful eflbrt to obtain the con-
-aulate.
"W^th the satisfaction naturally resulting firom
the abundant evidence I had received that my
services were duly appreciated, and during the
time the ship was nn!.:n;ng, I absented myself a
^eek to visit my faiuily in Massachusetts. On
my return, I found that an objection was made
to my charge of ten per cent, on the net pro-
ceeds of n«ightt. I was aware that such a
diarge might be without precedent ; but I was
•qusUy aware that it was no more than a just
proportion, with the extra services I had ren-
dered ; since, independently of obtaining a re-
storation of the ship, in the manner related, I
procured all the freights without the interven-
tion of a broker. Besides, had the graduation
of my emoluments been made with any refer-
ence to what they would have been but far the
seizure, they would have much exceeded the ten
iper cent, charge.
These drcumstances were urged to the gen-
alemen interested, but were of no avail. Mr.
Astor being unfortunatelv in Europe at this
Hme, his agent, had he been disposed to act
liberally, would have feared to evince a less ex-
acting disposition than the underwriters were
doing I hence recourse was had to the ordinary
mode of settlement in like cases, that of arbitra-
tion ; the result of .which was a reduction of tvo
and a half per cent, on my charge.
It is not unusual for those to be dissatisiieil
who are adjudged by arbitrators to be in error-
and it appeared to me that I had abundant
cause ; but I refrained from manifesting it to
my opponents tA the time, because I trusted to
the repeated (though unofficial) assurances of
the president of the National Insurance Coq.
pany, of pecuniary remuneration i and presom.
ing that this would, at least, be equal to the
sum deducted firom my commission, the came
of dissatisftction, on my part, would be obviated.
With such impressions, and having, as in duty
bound, submitted to the award of the athitraton,
I left the city for my home, without notifying
the underwriters of my intention ; as I widied
to avoid the appearance of hurrying them on
the question of the promised remuneration, hd
never doubting that it would come in due tioM,
A month, however, passed, and I heard nothing
from them, and so a second month, when I
could no longer doubt that they had found it
convenient to forget me.
The conviction, that the supposed honoursMe;
liberal, high-minded men with whom I was thn
brought hi contact were capable of such coi.
duct, was very painfol to me. Indignant it
such treatment, and mortified at being thv
duped, I determined to give them a word il
parting expressive of those feelings.
Accordingly, under date Lancaster, 22nd of
December, 1820, I addressed a letter to th
president of the National Insurance Compuj,
in which I leferred to mine dated the 5th tf
October, enumerating the unusual services I hil
rendered the company, in the recovery and ai»
cessful employment (tf the Beaver ; and further
remarked, that if I had condescended to nub
invidious comparisons, I covdd have proved tbil
what they considered to be an extra commii<
sion, bore no proportion to the extra eamingi
of the Beaver, over those of any other vead
then on the Peruvian coast ; and this, less froi
any concurrence of fortunate drcumstancoi
than firom a diffierenoe in favour of my mani|e>
ment. I again reminded him of his promised
remuneration, and at its being repeated ttij
subsequent interview ; and expressed my bel' '
that these promises were made with the inte»j
tion of throwing me off my guard, and of luUiN
me into security, the better to deceive me ; aiij
that the success attending it had been, '
doubted not, gratifying to all who shared in tl
two and a half per cent, thus saved to the cob>|
pany. This letter closed by the remark, " thi^{
had I conducted your business vrith as little
gard to the obsmaoce of fne rule, of ' doi
unto others as we woidd that they should
unto us,' as has been ohterved, in this instai
towards me, the remilt ci tLe Beaver's voyi
would have been very different firom what it a!
To thii letter I never received a reply.
It mufk occur to every one versed in msritii
if -
AND COMMERCIAL EMTERPRISBS.
affairs, how different would liave been the con>
duct ot Lloyd's in • aimilar caae, and, I doubt
not, of most of our own inionuiee companies.
Such an oocnrrence is the mfwe remarkable from
its being in the Commercial Emporium, where
mch a spirit <rf generosity is ptevalent, that
there>is scarcely a oqttain of a padtet-ship, who,
for merely conveying Ids passengers in safety
aaoss the Atlantw, has not been complimented
with a piece of plate.
But there was one individual among the direc-
tors, whose great wealth gave him a preponde>
rating influence in the affiurs of the office. The
greater deference paid to his opinions, than to
those of any of his associates, was very percep.
tible; and it is probable that the president,
1 tiddng it for granted that a handsome compen-
[lation could not honourably be withheld, had
the temerity to assure me of it before consulting
him, and thus caused the defeat of his intention.
[However it may have been, it is a fsct, that all
|I received wu the unofficial thanks of the wesi*
deat, and that I suffered a deduction of two
i a half per cent, from my commission.
That curp<Hration8 have no souls, and that
aen in a coq^ate capacity are often guilty
fi acts of iiqustice and oppression, audi
, individoaHy, they would be ashamed of,
an old observation, the truth of which
Qost every day's experience confirms. But
omments on so clear a case are superfluous ;
nd I will only add the curious fact, that almost
^multaneously with the discovery that ten per
ent. was too much for the laborious, hazardous,
ad eminently successful services I had rendered
he company, one of the directors of this very
Dinpany did not perceive, that ten per cent, was
much for merely paying the disbursements
the building and equipment of the Greek
ligates.*
More than twenty years have elapsed since
ke occurrence of the transactions above nar-
|ted, and those of the actors, who have not
ssed off the stage, may be surprised at a re-
rence to affairs which probably have long
Dce been. forgotten by them. This, they may
assured, has not arisen from any hostile or
^kind feeling toward them, but from the cir>
nitance alone of perceiving that my narrative
Duld be incomplete if they were omitted.
[The voyage iust narrated, in the Beaver, was
i close of a series of voyages to most parts of
habitable globe, comprising a period of
141
A letter which I leeeWed at this time, from the
UN of Toolte Robinson and Co. of London, placet
I strong relief their conduct, when comparea with
T)*', with whom I had recently been btought in
ntact. Its object was to inform me of their hold-
I • hundred and twenty pounds at my disposal,
log principal and intereat on a sum arising from a
ptalce accidentally discovered in accounts relative
Krausactiont in wneat eight or ten years previous ;
u uhich, they remark, f nuat ooiwider aomewhat
Mie light of a prise in the lottery. This was paid
ujr dra^ at sight.
twenty.foinr years, in varions kinds of craft, ftmoi
the boat of twenty-flve tona to an Indianun of
one thousand tons ; and on the most laboiioiu
and hazardous enten^isea, aa will have been
seen. But a remarkable ftct, which is worthy
of note, may have escaped the observation of
the reader, that during that long period, aome
portion of which vras passed in the moat siddy
dimatea of the g^obe, I never lost but three nsen
—two by fever, and the third by a fell from the
mast-head. Although I have repeatedly bem
five months on a aingle passage, I have never been
under the necessity of putting my men on d-
lowanoeof provinonaorwrater; and to this dr>
cumstance, combined with guarding them i^ainst
unnecessary fatigue and exposure, I waa pro*
bably indebted not only for the hi^piness of es-
caping that scourge to seamen on long voyages*
the scurvy, but almost all other lands MdduMsa.
Although the private ailUxa of an iBdividnl
may genmlly be considered to possess little at.
traction for the public, yet, to those who have
followed me tbus fer, I have supposed that some
details of my subsequent course might not be
destitute of interest.
Acting in opposition to the maxim, that ** •
bhrd in the hand is worth two in the buah," I
was destined again to see swept off, in less than
a year after my return, the greater part of mj
hwd earnings. A most unfortunate enterprise
to Gibraltar ; incompetent, sdflsh, and careless
agents; and, more than either, a most shameful
abuse of the confidence I had placed in the eom«
mercial bouse at Lima, with which I had been
so long doing business (Abadia and Arismendi).
were the causes of these misfortunes.. Soon
after these reverses I received information of the'
revolution in 'Peru, of the consequent confhsion
in the commerce of Lima, of the breaking up of
t' house of Abadia and Arismendi ; and of the
c << of the latter, with a large amount in
silvei , in an American brig, for Manilla, was
received here i' many months after ■•<y arrival.
During the ticeregal govern locnt, no stranger
of respectability ev r visited L^ la without en-
joying the hospitality of Dou Pedro Abadia.
It was he who gave to the housr the cha.
racter of respectability which it posbi -iscd, and
which was such as to inspir*- a degree of con-
fidence, which secured to i > , almost exclutively^
the foreign business of the place.
Don Josd de Arismendi wa» the active, busi-
ness man of the house; a man > o possessed
the capadty of accomplisbinL' u and varied
business, with a degree of «l..^i'<itch and adroit-
ness very rarely seec among his countrymen.
While present with him he would conduct the
business witli which he was charged on fair, ho-
nourable, aud liberal principles. By this sem-
blance of honesty and 'feur dealing I was de-
ceived, aiid was induced to coUfide in the house
to an extent which I discovered, when too late,
was entirely unmerited, and which has been at-
tended with minouo consequences to me. It
tmm
,-1^ CLBVELAND 3 VOYAGES
142
tVM late irf my trahsacttom with the honae be*
fore I ditcoverad the peculiaritj oi the con-
nexion. Abadia's relation to the Philippine Com-
pany did not admit of his engaging in a private
mercantile house ; hence, while a sharer in the
advantages, he was exempt from its responsi-
bilities; and hence, all the accounts and bu-
siness documents were signed exclusively by
Arismendi. Had this circumstance been known,
as it ought to lave been, it would have tended
greatly to diminuh the general confidence in the
houses
- Late ill the summer of the year 1823, men-
tion was made in one of the Boston newspapers,
of the arrival of Senor Arismendi at Hamburgh,
in the Koscoe of Salem, freighted with a rich
cargo for his account from Manilla. As I had
no doubt ot this being my quondam friend, I
flattered myself, that, starting immediately, and
circumstances favouring, I might reach there
before he should have left. Accordingly, in
fmrty-eight hours after receiving the informa-
tion, I was on my way to New York ; and in
thirty days more I arrived at Hamburgh, vid
Liverpool, London, Harwich, and Cuxhaven.
But I had the mortification to find that !ay la-
bour waa in vain. Arismendi had been lander'
aiTenerifie; and the cargo of the lioscoe, yet
unsold, was well covered, in the name of a Senor
Zavaleta, a former clerk of Arismendi, who
swore the property belonged exclusively tohim-
afilt, that it could not be touched. After pass-
ing four days at Hamburgh, and with the aid
of one of the most intelligent merchants of that
city, being unable to effect any tiling, I set out
on my return by the same route I had come.
Fortunately I arrived at Liverpool just as the
packet I came in was hauling out Of dock on her
return, and, embarking on board, 1 arrived at
New York on the seventy-third day after leaving
it.
Towards the autumn of the following year,
1824, 1 received information of the arrival of
Senor Abadia at St. Thomas, and immediately
wrote him on the subject of my demand, at the
same time apprising him of the means I had
previously adopted to recover the amount from
ArismentU, and of the failure of my eifuits, as
detailed above ; but whether my letter wa.s ever
received by Abadia I have never been infonued.
Scarcely two months had elapsed after writ-
ing this letter, when I received such informa-
tion as coidd be depended on, that Arismendi
was at the paternal residence at Zarauz, in Gui-
jiuKUoa. I had no hesitation, tlierefore, in em-
burking at New York, in December, in a brig
bound for Bordeaux. Arriving there some time
in the month of Janiuiry, 1825, I proceeded,
via Uayonne, Passage, and Yi'un, to San Sebas-
tian. From hence a messenger was dispatched
to ZarauK, who soon returned with infurniution,
tliat Arismendi was at Madrid, and witli the
name of the street where he resided. Taking
the dili^euce, therefore, to_ Madrid, I had the
good fortune to arnve ihere without beffi|
robbed. The next day I succeeded, not without
much difficulty, in finding the person of whom I
had been no long in pursuit, and was actually
once more in his presence. Had au apparitioa
appeared to him he oould not have exhibited
greater evidence of astonishment and dismay,
nor vras it until the expiration of some minutei
that he wm able to converse rationally. Uq.
fortunately, it required but little conversation to
ascertain that my efforts would prove to be uq.
availing, and'that I should recover nothing.
Arismendi had aucceeded in obtaining what ii
termed a mflratoria, which i» a security against
molestation of person <h: pnqpoty, by crediton,
for a certain period. GUs was for four years.
He begged me not to press my demand ; de>
dared he had the control of no property, and |
the wretchedly mean, dirty, and obscure lodg.
ings he occupi.?!, would confinn the truth of I
such assertion, if made by any other than a veiy
cunning man. But I had no belief in it, and
therefore did not desist from the pursuit until
satisfied, by repeated oonversatbns vrith him,
and the best advice I could procure, during i
residence of a fortnight at Madrid, that then I
existed sot a ray of hope of obtaining any thinfil
As name aUeviacion to my di8q>p<ttntment, im
far as it tended, in a degree, to keep up hopt^ij
Arismendi gave me a power of attramey for i
recovery of a large amount of property, allegeAl
to be due to him from sundry merchants in thi|
United States. From a cursory examination oil
these claims I was induced to believe, that t|
considerable sum might be recovered, andll
therefore flattered myself that there existed!
some chance of indemnification for my troubbj
and perseverance.
Soon becoming reconciled to my disappoiot'l
ment, and burying it in the oblivion wliick|
screened such a midtitude of its predecessors,!
passed the time very agreeably at Madrid, in vi-l
siting the numerous objects of interest willi
which that city abounds.
Taking leave of my kind friends at Madrid, i
returned to Bordeaux by the same route I '
passed over before, excepting not revisiting
Sebastian. On ascertaining at Bordeaux, thi
no opi^ortunity vvould occur for the Uniti
States, for some weeks, I took the diligence (
Paris, where, after passing a week, 1 procee
to Havre, and took passage in the Edwu
Quesnel for New York, and arrived there in I'
month of April, 1825.
The agency for the collection of anotha
debts is an unacceptable service, more especisi
when they are of a description susceptible i
controversy ; but in this instance there exiitt
moi'i' than the usual inducement, for I lio|i(
thus to cancel the debt due me. Upwsrtli^
one liuiulred thousand dolloi's were claimed oi]
Uoiiton merchant, the justice of wliich he den
aiiil refused to pay any pare of it. A den
uii a morchuut at Baltimore, for a much I
AND COMM&RCIAL CUTCRrRISBS.
U3
IliBonnt* wu equally ansueceMfol. The only
[debt acknowledged *iy the ligna^iare of the
[debtor. WW that of in old and intimate frieiid,
[who could ill spare t)\%\ money, and from whom
[it was very painful to .ne to exact it ; but for-
ibearance would have hem a dereliction of duty,
[and would have been no otherwise serviceable
{to my friend, than to defer the time of pay-
Jment. Accordingly, I recovered firom him an
limount about equal to one-fburth of that due
DC from Arismendi.
When I was convinced that nrthing more was
overable under the power of f.ttorney, I wrote
Ho Arismendi, under the assuiited name of Don
Pausto Corral, as i^^reed on, to this eflSect; as-
lurin; him of i>iy conviction, that he would
lever obtain any thing through the intermedia-
lion of an agent, and that the only course which
presented any prospect of success, was to come
I this country and prosecute the business in
ersnn. This, however, I did not believe he
jroiild do, from the circumstance, that there were
krge demands against his house, in this country.
Nearly two years elapsed after writing this
^tter, and I heard nothing from him, when sud-
tnly, and '.vithoot any previous intimation to
ny body, he made his appearance in Boston.
ie was accompanied by a nephew, who, like
Imjelf, spoke no other than the Spanish lan-
tiage. They were in very obscure and ordinary
dgings, kept by a foreigner, which circum-
ance, combined with theur having brought no
iters, was evidence of their desire of conceal-
cnt.
j After the usual salutations of so unexpected a
eting had passed, I rendered to him an ac-
^nnt of my stewardship, of which he had pre-
Dusly been informed by my letter. I now felt
^security, and consequent exultation, in the
overy of my property, which 1 had not ex-
ienced before; 'indeed, I perceived noway in
liich it could be eluded ; but the short-sighted-
|88 of man is proverbial, and scarce a day
8SCS, that it is not self-evident. As Arismendi
indebted ten thousand dollars for short
bight on a ship belonging equally to myself and
I a merchant in Providence, 1 did not imagine
nt any mischief could arise from informing
ki of it, though the result but too ckarly
|>ved, that this information had better been
laycd. With ill-judged impeutosity he sent
papers, proving the debt, to a lawyer of this
, with directions to institute a cuit, notifying
at the same time, of his having done so.
K'civing at once the mischief that would result
|in precipitate action, I went to the lawyer,
persuaded him to wait a week, with a view
giving Arismendi time to ascertain the pros-
of recovering the property of wluch he was
j)ursuit. This engagement, owing to some mis-
|c. \\m not adhered to, the writ was issued,
for want of bail he was imprisoned ; thus
hig from him the power of making those col-
lions uu whicli mainly depcudcd the chance
It was lUerdlf de-
destined to lav the
of obtdning our paymMtt.
stroying the bird that wa
golden egg.
This errar being manifest, one of the partners
of the Providence house came on, in the
hope of retrieving it; and vrith this view,
we united in an act whicb rendered the matter
worse, that of releasing him from prison, on his
promise of making a settlement ; for it soon be-
came evident, tlut his object was only to be
emancipated, and that he had no intention of
fulfilling his engagement. - On being satisfied of
^this, recourse was had to the instituting a new
suit ; but before the writ could be served on
him, he absconded.
This act, no less disgraceful on the part of the
assistant, than of the principal, was effected by
the aid of a Boston merchant, who enabled him
to elude the vigilance of the officer charged with
the arrest, concealed him until a vessel for St.
Thomas was ready to sail, and then conveyed,
or caused him to be conveyed, on board ; thus
assisting a fraudulent debtor to flee from jnstiee.
and preventing honest creditors from recovering
their just demands.
In judging of actions, we often err, and are
guilty of injustice towards the individual whose
motives we undertake to scan ; but in this in-
stance there can be no mistake. As there ex-
isted no personal hostility or animosity to me,
it was palpably no other than sordid interest.
Arismendi crossed the Atlantic for iiie purpose,
principally, of collecting a debt of upwards of
one hundred thousand dollars, alleged to be due
him from this Boston merchant.
It was very evident that I most relinquish aU
hope of ever recovering this debt, or any part
of it ; a debt so considerable, that its loss was
productive of serious inconvenience to me; a
debt, for the recovery of which I made two \oj^
ages to Europe ; had induced the debtor to come
to this country, and when in possession of the
means of compelling payment, by a concurrence
of unfortunate circumstances, already detailed,
missed profiting by those means; thus truly
verifying the adage of '* many a slip between the
cup and the lip."
An uninterrupted correspondence with my
friend Shaler, during his long residence at Al-
giers as consul-general of the United States,
kept alive that friendship whose origin was of
so remote a date. After his return to the
United States, being appointed to the consulate
of Havana, he invited me to accompany him, on
terms of perfect equality in every thing essen-
tial. Takking charge of the consulate in Oc-
tober, 1829, we remained there together until
the melancholy occurrence of his death by cho-
lera in March, 1833, when it raged at Havana
with unparalleled fatality. In the death of Mr.
Shaler the country lost a most excellent and
patriotic citizen; tlie government, a devoted
and highly-talented ofHcor ; and myself, a long-
tried and dceply-lamcntcu trieud.
■:-^T,ift -
¥:
S*:
£14
CL>VKI.AJU}*9 VOYAOm
The eridcBOe ol estiist^OB evinoed by • long
lift of the moat ratpectaUe aatoof themeRluuits
and othen of Boston, Salem, Porthmd, and H»-
Tum, to iHoeore my ^ppoiotnMit to the vaotnt
conaultte, although uiuaeoeufid, was Tery flat-
tering, aiad excited my most gratefiil adiurow-
ledgments.
CHAPTER XXXVIL
flasMMtfy of gafaia and loMea.— Bstnwpaet of dlA
ftrant Toya g aa. Conaoling raflacUoo. — P r w t
anploymant, and hopaa for mnainiiigyaan.
Ynm the preceding nanr^ve it wiU have
been seen that the amount of my outfit from
Uranoe was four tiioosand five hundred dollars,
of which two thousand wore mine and two
thousand five hundred belonged to others, and
were shipped on half ivofits. This produced at
jthe C^w of Good Hope eleven tiMosand ddkn,
wUdi wore invested in an entorpiiae from China
to tlM north-west coast of America, together
with seven thousand dollars belonging to some
jfrioids, making the cost of the expedition to
4hc MNtthwest coast, for vessds and cargo, eigh-
teen timusand dollars. The furs procured thne
a«|d fas Qdna for aixty thousand dollars, about
une-tMrd of whidi was shii^ed in teas to the
.United States, and the other two-thirds taken
to Ci^tta, the Isle of Vranoe, and Denmark.
^1B^ ppsM* on the eargo from the Isle of
fkn ne n to Denmaatk were yreat In about two
yntn tnm tiie tune of uatiug on my northweat
voyage, the eigMeoi thousand dollars' cost
yielded in Denmwk and the United States up-
wards of one hundred thousand dollars; and
the two thousand dirilars, the amount of my
gnqperty on fr-aving Europe, together with my
gonjmissions, wages, and half iwofits, amounted
to about for^-five thousand dollars.
Fhmi my next enterprise in the LeliaByrd,
which was of three years' duratiott, I retunied
to Boston in the sprfaig of the year 1804, in the
ship Alert, having on board an invoice of silks
of about (tfty thousand dollars, belonging equally
to my friend Shaler and myself. The result ot
ttis, with tibat of my former voyage, and my
intinest in the Lelia Byrd under the direction oif
Mr. Shaler, would amount to abont seventy
thousand dollars, which I possessed in the year
1804, dear of debt.
I then embarked in commerce to tlut extent
of my ability ; was unfortunate, and by the time
my friend Shaler returned to the United States
in 1807, having made a disastrous .voyage, this,
with my own operations, had diminished our
capital two-thirds, leaving us only about twenty
thousand dollars each, or forty tho^usand dollars ;
M of which was embarked in the Aspasia, under
my command. The toiil faia «l tirfa
by the ouiiseatini ol the lUlmaeo at Tof
and the disaster which oteuned to the A«g
ii fuUy detailed. '
My voyages to Afrfin, to Bngiand, and to Hq
hnd, durii^ the embargo^ wen snocessfoL Brl
my voya|;e to Naples, although vessel aud(
were seized and confiscated, I made aixt
thousand ddhurs. In the William, which
wrecked on Jutland, I made a.profitof
thousand dtdlars. These sums were emb
ina voyage from C<q^nhagen to Riga and
which was pecformed sucoessfoUy. Afterv
I was interested in several caqioes of wheat 1
Holstein to England, which yidded a han^
profit; so that I had once nM»e a capitili
about thirty-five thousand dollars. Hits was a
barind inanadventune from England destinedL
Hambinri^and whid^ owing to thedefeat of M
poleoB in Russu^ turned outniady a totdlmj
Retunung home penniless, I had to begint
irorid again. The peace between the Ui
States and England haybg been ratified „
after my retmn, and the then padfication oft
world rendering commercial adventuies liii
productive, I gdned only five thousand doDi
as master and sivercargo of a ahq> at Bstoij
By my next voyage in the Beaver, hi the ye
1817 to 1880, Imadeseventy-flve thonsandl
lars ; and after anr return, in an ndventunl
Peru in the diip Ten-flant, with Maairs. Lei
and Bayard, Imadee^ thonsand doBan. 1
grsater portion of tin amount aoqidred ii
Beaver vnM sw^ off, as detailed, bdfore it J
ed the United States, and moat of the reii
in an unftntuaate voyage to Chkm. On mj \
turn from Hanma, in 1835, I had yet
sixteen thousand dollars. This was all i«
knred up in an unsuooessfhl speculation in 18
and I was thus a third time left destitute.
' On makiagan estbnate <rf my loHes in
twenty years between 1805 and 1825, 1
their aggregate amonnft to exceed two hum.
tltousNid ddUrs, although I never possesvdi
any one^me a sum exceeding dghty then
dollars. Under sudi kwses | have been
ported by the quisoling refinetiQa, tiiat _
have bets exdnsivdy lodne, and that it iii
in the power of any indiddod to say with tiL
that I have : ii|)ui«d him to the amount 4\
ddlar.
With a smaH annud a«Bi^fr«mll» Neap.,
indemnity. I have been euMad to support l
self, till this was on the po&at'ef ceasing m
cancelling of that debt ; when I was so fortai
as to obtain an oAee in the eostom.hduie, I
duties «t whieb I hape to perform faith
and in peace, during the ibw remaining ,_
or months, or days, which may be alloted I
on earth.
Tan Bxo.
HttiheNeap
dto Aupporti
of ceasing 1
I m»to tortui
tatlHn>h(tuse,l
tnfarm faith
raniiiiiing
«x be allotcd \
:^K>-
.V*f.
», -"/!*
•!*«j;»
.<'?
ever possesardij
tif^%j thou
have been
iction, that
tad Jbitit ill
to ny with I
Oe MQount
<o