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 'AiA'^Heii. . iijuuvat'f 
 
MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TfST CHART 
 
 lANSI ond I50 TEST CHART No 2l 
 
 A APPLIED IN4^GE I 
 
 ^y. 16!>3 East Mom Street 
 
 ST^ Rochester, New rort. UouJ USA 
 
 ■^— (^16) 482 - 0300 - P'noT.t 
 
 ^S (^'6) 288 - 5989 - fa. 
 
^9.^ 
 
 H ALI FAX 
 
 -Nova Scotia- 
 
 One of Canada's Atlantic Gateways 
 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 The Mayor and Corporation 
 
 OF HALIFAX 
 
 Reprinted from the 
 
 NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE 
 
 November 1900 
 
 P«lHTtO av THE «MCIIIC« VRIKTINa .;OI«^«nT »^T« FL»Ct.~80BT0N, "■««». O S « 
 
:if»^.;.i 
 
.4 
 I 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia 
 
 One of Canada's Atlantic Gateways 
 
 liy A. M. I'AVNK 
 
 II Mil W ll.\l<l:i>K 
 
 I ill". t^laniMur wT tla- ( irier.l, iiii- 
 X t'i)lilc(l liy till- I'pMcIi makiiiu,' 
 I'Vfiits lit ri'diu \ears tinds a 
 CMUiitiTparl in tlic midway < )ci.'i'k'iit, 
 on tlic nortlKTii lialt nt the AnuTican 
 ■'tincnt wluTi- tlu' staid I'.ast yiidils 
 jialni lor rapid |)ro^'ri'ss to the 
 nidicss optimism of the threat 
 cst. Nevertheless the e\|)ansi.>M 
 of tiie West is larijely due to tli 
 restless ciieri^y .if the l-",ast. wlien 
 in the words nf C'arlyle "the ^na! 
 of yesterday is the starting;- point n, 
 tomorrow." In tlu' hrnad area of 
 nearl}- 4.(k)i),(h)() sipiare miles of iand 
 and water conii)risinL: the Dominion 
 i^)f Canada, between ueean and ocean 
 the rrovinee of \'o\a Scotia occu- 
 pies a position of cnmmandin;; im- 
 I>ortance as the nearvst vantage 
 .i^round to the [''.nrnpean trade pivot 
 Its nomenclature deser\ i - more 
 than passim.; notice. .Markland. the 
 
 "forest land nf iiute," the s.,ntheast- 
 erii extremity .if the I )ominion. an<l 
 \'inland "the ( ,. .. .d" ■ .n tlu' slMrcs of 
 Massachusetts and klio.lc island 
 share the lei^emU nf the ancient 
 Xorse disci i\erers a thon^and years 
 hack in the shad.iwy past. 
 
 r.'.Xcadie, more reliable in its 
 adaptation, a)!]. ears to bra bleiidms^ 
 of the .Micmac ladie . .r ()niMldy 
 into the early I'rench term, l/Aca- 
 die. an;,dicizt'(l tn .Vcadia, a clearlv 
 detined, eiijilinnii ms, title whicii 
 mii^ht well have been retained for 
 .•dl time. The present designation 
 Xova .•^ci.tia ( Vew .Scotland) de- 
 rives its i.ri-in from .^ir William 
 .\ie.\ander to whom Kinj,-- James I of 
 l-".n.:ilaml y;rante<l the territurv in 
 i'l-'i. The alert pen-ejitii ms of the 
 early .-rench pi.meers with regard 
 til the -electi.n iif eli.t^ible sjtes were 
 specially indicate. 1 in their Vm^, dc- 
 
HOUK >IAn K. 
 
 TliU \ I I.DCK 
 
 .nrTH AFKI. VN W V,: MnNrMKNT MAKTKI.I... I-WKR 
 
 CRIMrAX WAK Ml.NLMKNl 
 
 Lli*.;. >FT fJJ^'i »-4: ■!*■ 
 
(.(iMHWIKNT llolsK 
 
 tiTiiiiiKMl .tl-.n^ u< >^■^■m^• a i'.m.i- nf AnuTici. .hn! ,- tin- i;i1i ami iStli 
 
 li^'lil ill l.'Aca.lic, as an oiitin.-i ..i iiiitiirii-. I lu- -i-.|iicl i- i\ imi > ot imiI- 
 
 Xi'u Iraiu-c. Xiuiur.ni- iMdMrn.,,!, miiiatiti;; in rc>nlt> l'raiii;Iit u illi pu- 
 
 uiTc nia<k' h\ lluin. imtahly at I'.-n iinlial inllnoiu-u t.. cvltv .|iiarU'i- of 
 
 Royal. r.i'atiM'JMiif and l.oni-lMir-. tlu- '^hAt^-. IV,, m its Mratt-u- ad- 
 
 wilh luTiM.lioal vi-its 1,, llaic >,,iiif vanta-is ,m llic \tl,imio c-iasl line 
 
 tlu llalilas Ml t.Mlav. \,,va So.iia li.ld \\w l", .rci^p .und in 
 
 ^ I he I'ViT i)rt'si'nt caMis Ik-IH wa- tlu' tlifatrc ,,| act',,ii, i-\ir\ ni,,\r ,11 
 
 .\\\\ llnt^land vitmis Xcw I'fatUf. llic clu-> K, ,ai,l , ,1" strdc ,K|,ondi',u 
 
 \'>ltniu-s niM>n VMhiim> liaw l.ri'ii on its ri't«iiti,,n. h'.s viitiiall\ . Ilali"- 
 
 writtcii. dis|,layin,^; a- thnni.yli an lax. tlif rauital, l,i^-aiiR. tli;\t,ir:M 
 
 ilhiminatin.tj litinirv laiiuTa tlu- sa Cfiitrt' ,,itliis \,.nc\ , ,| c,,!!)!!.-!. The 
 
 ryin,:; phases ,,t a -rcat intiTiia'' u ]>r\/x ua- n,,t .-w'y ilu- ,-, ,aM liiu- .,, 
 
 al .•-tru,L;i,d.' i.,r stipivniai-y ' ^r a lK-iiii>|iluTi'. rr.,ni I .ahi .i,l, .r to the 
 
 Xi-w \\,.r!,l. •jlu i,ariiti.,ii ,,| Mri ( lull' of MeNJc,. l,ni tlu \aM IiintiT- 
 
 ca in ,,.ir own day and tlii' siri'im- laml in tlu- intcri, ,r. acT-siMe i,,ihc 
 
 Otis di|.|oniatic rivalry impi-ndin^ Atlantic. n,,rth and s,,ntl), l,y thri-e 
 
 ironi tinu- t,itin). - -LTctlu-- with tlu nii-lity ri\ its. and a u on, h, .u- chain 
 
 late llot.-r war. ^nahk- the eiu|iiiri-i ,,f inland iia\i-ahK s(-.-i~ in r,,nti- 
 
 of tik jot:i a-ninry t,, • ider-iaiul .i^nity, Takin- the 1" .tindarie- of 
 
 more ylearly. by c-ontniM. ilu- |.r,,l, .;(,,^ Xova .so.tia (•.,mi.rised the 
 
 lem of aseendaiu-x ,111 tlu- i-,,ntinen; whole three l'ro\iiu-e- n,,w kiDwii 
 
 ?S'<S1' 
 
 
n-i the Maritime 
 ,,r Atlantic I't-- 
 \im-i.> 'it TaiKi'la 
 III the year 1784 
 New i'.runswick, 
 I'riiioc 'Muard Is- 
 hmd, ami Cape 
 r.retnii were •'.- 
 tacheil <>\vin|i4 
 i-hictly to a pnlicy 
 of panic nil tlie 
 
 part of the i;riti>h (iovenunent m 
 restrain coiisnhilatioii in its riinain- 
 iii^' j)usse>sii)ns in Xorlh Ameri- 
 ca'^ in iKjo I'ape r.retnti was re- 
 united i'< Nova Sectia.hut the >eeil- 
 ut tlie "riL,Miial vyiilely planned -epa- 
 ration hnre a frnit of discoiineeted 
 interests and retanled ])n)j^'res> 
 thronRhont I'.ritish North America 
 l,,r ahiiost a century. 'Ihe I'ro' ince 
 ,,f Nova Scotia is situated l)elween 
 the oi>l and (i<>th dei;rees .if west 
 lonsilude, and tl'.e ^.V'\ and 4(>lh par- 
 allels of north latitu.le. Its greatest 
 length i> ^So miles and its bre;i<lth 
 varies fmrn 40 to (1.1 miles. In for 
 it hears -oinewhat of a re-^ ... 
 hlance to the shajie of {he crn-tacean 
 so frcel- inhanitint: its waters, but 
 its topoL;ra]ihy may he described as 
 that of an obioni; sipiare. It is sur- 
 rounded by the sea, and were it not 
 for the twelve mile isthmu- of Haie 
 Verte. would be an inland. The 
 
 ri,K.\>\M I'AWK 
 
 IMiv-ical features of the I'rovince 
 presents a well di\ersirKMl aspect of 
 vallev, ni)lan<l and mountain, pro- 
 fusely watered by lakes an.l rivers 
 frin^'ed by a coast line indented with 
 excellent liarbots. coves and inlets 
 The liiL;liest land is in Cape I'-reton 
 which is abiK i.itersected by Uras 
 1 )'t )r Cake. :<i arm of the sea uni<|ne 
 ill its coinme'-iial utilit> and majes- 
 tic j^jrandeur 
 
 The soil of the I'rovince in s^'"' 
 eral is fertile, ripening most of the 
 Lorain < and all the staple fruits and 
 vei;c tables in orilinary usr. the An- 
 napolis and Cornwallis \alleys eii- 
 jovinu' a capacity of yield rarely ex- 
 eellecl in the most favored regions 
 The area is jo.Ikk") s.piare miles, the 
 j'opnlatioii approximates half a mil- 
 lion, the exports ill round ti.sjjurcs art- 
 Si 7.000.1 ht<i and the im])orts Si.V(xx).- 
 (XK) .-iceordinii- to jireseiit day re- 
 turns. Since tabulate'l records have 
 
 ■'"m 
 
I I \ I . I I \ \ , \ I ' \ \ X , , I I \ 
 
 V\l f. |l|.i,|lU . .1 III hKi~.. tliu tl\ .It till 
 
 1 M<ii-iv I- |il.iiil ..|' III, I )..iri!np.ii |i4.ti 
 .lll'l MrrI I ..Ml|i.lll\ ill '>\ .Iiu-\ . a l.lp- 
 
 i'll> a.l\ .III! iiiu ^|ilu If i.f ;n li\ II V 
 
 'l'-iiii..| t .iIm' ii ihc ■I'lii^l.iii - 
 
 ' 'I ilic I >. <niiiih .n" M ill,- IK ,11 fiilim . 
 ■^ii- \\ lUi.iiii I .iiil,;iirn ill lii^ u ■ ■; k 
 ..II 11, .11 ii'c« I ill- l'..|l..u III- l.iii-iia-i- 
 .11 \..\ .'I >. . tia «. .nu' ..t th, li.-lu -I 
 
 In'fll stiplilit'il liy iitVKi:il ilaia i- .iiu' 
 thirty vi'ars) tlic t-i.al iirncltuti.'ii ul 
 Neva Scotia h:\^ lioiii !>'5.()ik),(xk) 
 tuns. valiH'il at .Si.V>.'x»,(j(k). .\1- 
 tlidui;!) tlif amiiial coal i>rn(liuliiiii 
 now I'xrftils till' t"i>lu'ry yield in oa^li 
 \altio. the threat ini]iorta,ici' of rlu- 
 lishi-Ty iniht>ti\ and the siunitiram-f 
 attachi'd in it-. ai-<|ni-,itii m |i\ tlu' 
 I arlii'st coli.iii/i-r-. are coiitirnu'd 
 and strtMij,'tlu'ni(l liy -lu-li ^iih^tantial 
 ri-siilts a-< ihi- additi..n ..f s, ,iuf 
 S.'3(),(KKi,o(i<) ii. ilu' woahh ..f the 
 l'ro\ini'f fr. .in it^ pv. .>ci-iitioii. ho- 
 .yinnini; with tlie year of ( ..iifidtra 
 tion down to \hv (.•iirrenl xf.iv. The 
 yold priidncii..ii ]\:\-. reaoliid ahoiit 
 ?i7,(XK).co(H) ill ;i >imilar period, the 
 liamier year of Hjoj showini;- S'''^".- 
 ,Vi7- 74-1 ">i> toiiv (,f irmi ore were 
 rai,.<ed hast year. _'74,o(H) toii> ni h'nie- 
 stoiic. and cli.^e upon j{H>.n.)i> tons 
 of j,'ypsiiin. ( )f e..ke _^oS,ih)o i.,iis 
 
 Hi.N. l.f.iKi.K Ml uuw. I KKMlKk i)P 
 
 . l'.\ .>ii I.I I \ 
 
 ores yet di-ei .\ ireil nc-nr in hound- 
 h--s aliiindanee Tlie iron niaiini'ae- 
 tiired fi-Miii them i . iif the \er>- l)est 
 <inaiit\ and i-, e.i lai to the tine>t 
 Swedivji inet.-iL" '■Aeadian (,e, ,1- 
 oyy" lias heeii l.'illiantlx- eliuid.iteil 
 in the stand.-ir.l work nf .^ij- William 
 l>a\vv, ,n. uhieh -pei ilies >iX -eparale 
 li'".k>. reports .nid pamphlets .-i- -np- 
 plememin- the iin estiyatio,i- . .{ that 
 distint,niisheil authority. Dr. ( iilpin. 
 I". I\. S. ('.. Chief Insjiector ..f Mine- 
 lor Xii\a .->eiitia in a reeent report -in 
 tile .Miiu'ra! I.amN ..f tin- J'ro\iiu-e 
 say . "The j.ecnliarly diversified na- 
 ture of the .\..va .^eotia minerals 
 
 w ^i 
 
HALIFAX, NOVA SfoMA 
 
 M,).iiit:iin>anit ;il poiiits 
 fmni Niclanx t" \\'>lt- 
 villv thi> fm-nialiiMi is 
 i„,tc(l lor larijc <le- 
 
 ftitein 
 
 icltliiii;' 1' 
 
 S, linm. InK IIIK r.l.lNll 
 
 niav ln' iu<li;i'il "' '>>' 
 
 tlic' lai-l llial il lias in 
 
 clu-i- i-fhuiniislii]) ilie 
 
 tlirtr ni'isl valuahlc, 
 
 iiMii, ci>al ami I-;"'''- 
 
 TIk' iiiitiatinii ('f oxti'ii- 
 
 sivo inm and >ui'l 
 
 works in dircclint; al- 
 
 tcnli.in ti> it- lari;i' '''-■- 
 
 ,„,sit^ cl wic. and i>l Inel-vi 
 
 cnkc danncd t.. U- tlu' l.cst in the 
 
 world. Anion--. >tlKT minerals more 
 
 or los worked may lie mentioned 
 
 lead, ziiK-, silver, eopper. nian-a- 
 
 iiese yvpsnm. harvle-. etc. 
 
 [•nnn data suppH^'-l ''.^ M'"- ■\"" 
 of the Can;idian (ie.do-ieal ^nrvey 
 Dr. (.illiin r^'lVr> \" llu' extent an.l 
 a-es oi l.eol,,-ieal strata as t.dh.ws; 
 "The l.am-entian >y>tem is well de- 
 veloped in (ape I'.reton, ocenpyini: 
 the more elevale.l i.nrt'ons of the in- 
 land. The llnronian >ystem is not 
 vet recorde.l a> ocenrrinu i" ^'"^ ' 
 Scotia. The npper and lowr Cam 
 l.rian are repre-eiite.l. the o-ol,pi,ear- 
 miX series eoii-isiin.i;- of an nppcr 
 -late, a I'.wer (|nart/ite formation 
 hein- al-. referre.l t.^ it. Straf, 
 carrvin- i.re> of iron are also re- 
 ferred to tl'.e npp^'r (.amhrian. ih-' 
 iipi)er divisi.m -f Sir U. Murehison- 
 
 ,-■! • ,, ; ..t...•'.^,■^\ (li'\'.-1c iiu'd in 
 Silurian i> e -.'.' f"-' • " ■.■ 
 
 .\.)va Scotia and aloni; the northern 
 
 ^•^ 
 
 > v- ^tm 
 
 u.M.iinrsiK r.Mvr.ksiTV 
 
 Devonian at 
 
 Mts of iron ore. 'I he I'ex 
 
 d .\risai,!.; and at lar.u> 
 (ind.and 
 
 \iet:'.nx ami 
 
 .M-ea- in (ape IWet^.n. Kichm. 
 ( ;„N>lHiro count ie> onlains deposits 
 ,,; i ..th imn and coi)per. 'riie car- 
 l„,„iin-.ms -v>teni is typically repre- 
 sented in Nova Scotia in the north- 
 ern and ea>tern counties. 1 he pro- 
 ductive horixM,, is met in the conn- 
 tic- of Caiie I'.reton. Kichm.m.l. In- 
 verness. I'ictou ami (.■umherland 
 •|l,is i> miderlaid hy strata of miU- 
 Mone i^-rit. carl.oniferous limestones 
 ,^,„, i7„vor or basal conglomer- 
 ates. 
 
 -1 Higher divisiniis occur ahuii;- ll'e' 
 strait- of Xorthnmherland and m 
 the interior of Cnmherlaiid ('onntv 
 a,,parentlvpa>sin- into the IVrmian 
 The ■rria»ic svstem is repre-ented 
 ,„, tlu' llav of 1-undy and the I'.asin 
 ,,f Minas l".v l.eds of hrii^ht red sand- 
 .l,,ne anil'the ( )narternary system 
 record> the i;lacial action which this 
 province ha- been sui)iected to. ii» 
 
 ■T?T?^P5SS?^ 
 
\ I. I I \ X, X ( 1 \' \ S( ( ri I \ 
 
 I'roiii ilir iMiir tin- Imi'Nmii ua^ laiil: 
 in I'ai'l, ill • iiiM^i widi'Iy kii.iu ii 
 ImililtT I 111 ihr c. .iiiiiiciii wa^ I ). Hialil 
 ALu'kax I'l' X.'\a Si-niia. Tlu' i'\- 
 tiMi-iw -i>iiur arra^ .if th,. rni\iiK-c 
 pri'ilicalc imp. .nan rc~iill>.. tlu- |.r. >- 
 liiictioii .ii" inilp \v... .il ainl w. n.il jinlp, 
 a c.iiiiparaii\rl\ new iii.|ii-tr\ . a-- 
 Miniiiij4 pP .p..rii. .11^ uinlrcaiiRMl ,.i' a 
 I'cw yrar- ai;... Tlic hniMino aii.l 
 
 k..|;KI<l I \l. IIKKITII. M\\..U I.: IIM.IIW 
 
 ciMiiiiKni \\ itli tin- rot ..f tlu' Acadian 
 n.'.i;"i<m." 
 
 Tlu- aL;riciiltiiral aii.l iiiaiiiifai.-tiir- 
 iiiL,' iiitcrfst> ..i" X..\a Sclia >li..\\ 
 i(.'lati\i'l\ cfMlitalilc iTiiinis ■-h-a.liK 
 |)ri>!Lrrt.-S'~iiiu: \>y mean-- ..l' tlu' in-acti- 
 cal aii(! trclinical i-\]iiTiciu'c ijaiiu'.i 
 lr.>in seas. Ill to season, tlic para- 
 mount lU'ci'ssity for tlic latter, in 
 every (K-]>artment n\ in.lustrial -^ ^' '■'■-''■ i'ki-h.i.m .^i i:'..m;i. ..i tkm.;.; 
 
 ctTort. Iiaviiii;- hce.mic a settle. 1 en- i,.,,,.ii;,, . ; i,; i i 
 
 . . ,, , , ii.iiiilliiiy ot >iiip-, liecoincs s,-comI 
 
 v:cli..n am. mi; all ranks am c.m. i- ..-.inr,. , ii, oi 
 
 .... natiiie to tlu' a\ era.'e riliien.isc 
 
 tl.'HS .l| lllc. I,, ,. 11 , , ., 
 
 Il.il.llv e\er lie\.ir.l _>o ..r ^o miles 
 
 Tile r..rcst yiel.l of tile l'r..\ince fr.,m the -.mn.i .,i ilu' ^ea. Xainr- 
 
 lia- always i.ecii a iiromiiient factor ally his tli..n.-lit- ami ideas .Iwelloii 
 
 in he (level. .pmeiit ,,\ its iialnral re- maniie >'iiIerpri-M- ainl trail-]., irlatioii 
 
 sources. ,)ver i,(} ]ier cent. .,| Lie area inlere-t> -, -ler.alh. l.,..kin-' |..ruanl 
 
 i eht.i; protit-hcari';- w... .dlan-l. In i,, ilu. da> u hen ' m, ..Irrn -teel -liip 
 
 the days n\ u...ideii ships X..va Imil.liii- plant, will >np|ih- the \-oiil 
 
 Sc.tia st.M.d in the fn.nt rank of ship, created hy the .leclinc . .f tl'ie familiar 
 
 l)iiil.liii-- aii.l ship ..wiiin- cmiitries sliipxanl- which l.est..wi-.l pn.-perity 
 
 and .Xova .'^ctia vosels and tliei 
 
 in im-tiiiled measure lr..m (ape 
 
 captains enjoyed an eiivialile repiita- .<ahle i., (ape X.irtli. Tin. li^rht 
 ti.iii f.ir elVicieiicy in all the i^real sea- h.nise- in X.iva Scotia mimi.er I"i2, 
 Jiorts of the w.irld. .Many of tlie-e and tlie.ie are _'j^ li.L;hr- 
 
 old-timc 
 
 cippers knew their vessel- ca-is, with So i,;i.,v-. f. .^ alai 
 
"SKEINt; IIAl.HAN 
 
 and other appliances, mcludni^' a 
 light ship, an array of satejiuard^ 
 and precautions seldom suri)as>eU 
 
 anvwhere. 
 
 in this brief review ot Nova Scotia 
 it niav be of interest to hark back 
 for a moment to the opinions ol ony 
 or two of the "ancient authorities. 
 Charlevoix enthusiastically writes 
 thus of Xova Scotia and its sur- 
 roundiuRs in i/^'S- "'nH-re are per- 
 haps no Provinces i-. the world pos- 
 sessing finer harbors, or fnrnishnvj; 
 in oreater abundance all the con- 
 veniences of life. The climate is 
 quite mild and very healthy, and no 
 lands have been found that are not 
 of surpassinsr fertility. Finally, no- 
 where are there to be seen forests 
 more beautiful, or with wood better 
 fitted f.)r buildings and masts. Ihere 
 arc ill some idaces copper mines, and 
 in others some of coal. The hsh 
 most commonly cau.trht on the coast 
 are the cod. salmon, mackerel, her- 
 rintr. sardine, shad, trout. i;oUe. 
 
 ..aparot. barbel, sturgeon, -oberge 
 all fish that can l)e salted an<l ex- 
 ],orted. Seals, walruses and whales 
 are f'>ii"<l i" ^^eat numbers. 1 he 
 rivers, too. are full of fresh water 
 fish, and the banks teem with count- 
 less game." 
 
 \ centurv later llallock. an .\mer- 
 ican writer,' says : "Herewith I enter 
 the lists as the champion . i Xova 
 Scotia. Were I to give a first class 
 certificate of its inrcneral character 1 
 wr.uld at=firm that it yichls a -rcater 
 xarietv of uroducls for eNroil 'ban 
 anv territory of the globe, ol 
 the same superficial area. I'ris i-. 
 saving a great deal. Let us see; she 
 has ice. lumber, ships, salt-fish, 
 salmon and lobsters, coal, iron, .gold. 
 coi)per. plaster, slate, grindstones 
 lat cattle, wool, potatoes, apples, 
 large game and furs. 
 
 These predictions. contrasted 
 
 with the clear cut statistics of the 
 
 latest Dominion Year Book furnish 
 
 a retro^pect that spe.-iks for itselt. 
 
 8 
 
Tlic niotrii])cilis uf this sc;i-j;irt I'mv- 
 iiice is Halifax, so iianiecl, fnur 
 iiKiiiths after its scttk-niciit in \~4[) 
 as a conipliincnt to one of its chii'f 
 founders, ( ieortje I)unk-Montat,aie, 
 lu'irl of Halifax, i"irst Lord of 'I'radc 
 .".nd I'lantatioiis, a Cabinet officer in 
 tlie (lavs of ( ieor.Lje II. 'I'lie alxiriL;- 
 inal desijriiation was Cliil)ouotou, a 
 Micniac word, sit,niifvini^ "Chief 
 haven." Chehiicto ilead, the hold 
 rocky headland at the western en- 
 trance of the harbor, familiar to 
 many navifjators, still retains the 
 Indian name. In a sense. Halifax 
 was a _\oiniu;er sister to I'.oston. 
 wiu)se citizens had formed a com- 
 mittee advocatinjj- its establishment 
 to check the encroachments of the 
 French, althou.qh they had thirty 
 years previously vetoed a ^itiiilar 
 
 undertakint,' sulmiitted by C'a])tain 
 (oram. The locality had been fre- 
 ijuently \isited by earlier French ex- 
 plorers as f;ir b.-ick as Champlain's 
 time i:. i^i.^i. That intrei)id leader 
 christened it "I.;i baie Saine" ("The 
 .^afe r>ay"| which was the accepted 
 I'rench title <in their maj)s and charts 
 for upwards of a century. X'illeboii 
 ;i (loMTtmr at l'<irt Royal under the 
 l-"rench rei^dme, naively pronoinicerl 
 it "one of the finest ports Nature 
 coidd form." The early ann;ds of 
 Halif.'ix ,-ibound with incidents of 
 yreat historic interest. 
 
 I-"our years prior to its settlement 
 by ( ornwjillis. Louisbury^ had fallen 
 before the invincible assaidt of .\'ew 
 Fn^dand militiamen, aided b_\- a llrit- 
 ish s(piailron. A halo of sympathy 
 encircle-^ the fate "f tlte expediti-jii 
 
II A 1 
 
 JO 
 
 I ,. \ X. .\<'\ A •'^^'" 
 
 l- I A 
 
 ful ikHi cnit into r,r.li,,r.l I'.asin^ 
 ihc intuT ha;-l.-r ,,f Halifax. \<"xw\ 
 it>; waters lie the un-oeii -ravo ni 
 „ver a tliuiisand hrav -.Miiis an.l 
 sailors of La I'.oU'' France, vr-. 
 tints of ic-nipcsl ati'l ili-oase. I li-' 
 two admirals in n.nnnand i.iTislu' I 
 i„ shocr .lcsi)air. tin' Duo (rAnv.ll. 
 of apoplexy. 1 )'l".stournelle, the vu-o 
 a.lniiral. hv his ..v.n han<l. 1 wo 
 veai - later, and htU a year l.elore 
 the settlement of Halifax, l.om-- 
 l)ur^ was restored to I'ranee, in ex- 
 eha'nue for .Madras, hy the treaty 
 of Aix la (diai.elle. .\s may well he 
 conceived. fre(|neiu dissetisious and 
 occasional rni.tnres of the peace 
 1,, k I'lace between the new -ettler> 
 and the I'rench and Indian-. 
 
 Six vears aftu" the settlement of 
 Halifax actual war between the two 
 -reat rival- broke out afre-h and the 
 -tar of 1-ranci' seemed for a tinn- to 
 be in the ascendant, en-enderin^ 
 covert hostile intr'.ues anion- the 
 |;,,..,^h Neutrals ^^l! . we^. however. 
 coni;>elled to exacuite r.eausejour. 
 
 (,i<i-.KN i;an^ 
 l'n.ioun<Uy stirred bv tiie 
 .bsaster on the .\lonon- 
 irahela, the expulsion ot 
 ,1h- Acadians en masse 
 was carried out by the 
 authi^rities at Halifax, a 
 |.,,litico-miliLary episode 
 -tern in its ueces-ity. but almost in 
 human in its accomplishment. In a 
 n„,re beneticent and euh-htencl 
 a-c the sa.l story ha- been woven 
 into a maslerinece of imper.shaole 
 vcr-e bv the mo>t di-tin-m-h.ed ot 
 \meriea'> poets. I'salm cxxxv.i. a 
 -acred Ivric of patriotic lervo.. 
 lnuchinL;lv p..rtrays the rea.hly m, 
 ao-ined laments of the I'-xdes ot 
 \cadia. a disheartened few ol 
 whom -ucceeded in returniim to 
 their cherished homes, to find then, 
 Mccupie.l bv their oppressor-. .\ re 
 cent bionrai.her of William I'ltL 
 tcrsJv allude- to the sa-acity ot 
 l".md;imr- i;reat statesman in takm- 
 full advantage in 1737 of the ports 
 ,,f \cw N'ork and Halif.ax when both 
 were under I'.rilish control, t,, re- 
 trieve the disa-ter- which misman- 
 agement had broni^ht about from 
 the tinu of r.raddock's defeat down 
 to the triumph of Montcalm at Car- 
 illon. To offset New York and Hal- 
 ifax I.oui- X\'. and his a-tute Min- 
 ister of War held l.oui-bur|^- and 
 ( )nebec. I'.ventually bofn sue- 
 
-,**«^ 
 
 Wf^ 
 
 EVA.NdKl.lNE l..\M> 
 
 ctuiihi'd Id I'xpcilitii Ills ( ir^anizcil 
 mainly at Halifax. In tlic tiiial n- 
 siilt <>\ tiu' iiMiuisitioii lit (.'anada in 
 1751) histiiriaiis arc lint wantin!:; wli" 
 innti'iid that the fnrtiines of war in 
 (icrniany had iinuli to do with the 
 nioiiK'ntons course of events, al- 
 tlioui,di the skilful strateiryof Wolfe 
 and Amherst were all iiii])ortan; 
 elements in the outcome. 
 
 .\ candid estimate of the respec- 
 tive \a!ue of maritime points of \an- 
 tai^e on the coast line of .\ortli 
 .\merica can hut lead to the conclu- 
 sion that in the peaceful pursuit of 
 the jiaths of commerce .\'ew N'ork 
 and Halifax are still as su|)reme in 
 their Li^io^raijhical convenience as 
 in the days when I'itt utilized them 
 so consiiicnonslv for tlir lioU'ir and 
 
 firsi >e\en year> of exi>tencv-, Hali- 
 fax at once ro>e into prominence a- 
 an extensive >hippin!,'- centre, and 
 for a lengthy perio(l its p|-oi,ri-i^.^s 
 was insei>.iral)ly associateil with 
 I'.ritish military and n,-i\al interests. 
 .\loreo\er j;reat commercial ad\an- 
 tai^H's had heen sui^^ested i)y tlie 
 people of .Massachusetts as likely to 
 result from tiie estal)li>]inieni of a 
 fa\oral)ly located central harlior on 
 the .\tlautic coa>t line, '["his fore- 
 cast proved a correct (pue. 'i'lie di-<- 
 mantlinu;' of i.oui>l)ur,L;-. the "Dun- 
 kirk of .\merica." and thi- tr.ri^fer 
 of its i^arri>on. munition^ an 1 
 
 terial- to Halifax undonlitedl ', de 
 
 lor the ad\ancemeul of the lamr. 
 It was unfortunately the fa>hion in 
 tlio-e ol<l da\- 
 
 Qlorv 
 
 f ( ireat r.ritain. I'nder tl 
 
 tosternii;- care ot a t;enerous moth- the Mritishand l"r 
 
 ir-laud. which la\isheil 
 >2.' iCio.Ciii I o|] ii~ ^iip|p..r 
 
 to clepreciale the 
 
 le -tatii- of the colonial force- hy liotli 
 
 eiich regular arm v 
 
 upwards oi ,,tticer-. 
 
 and manv ill founde 
 
 lire- 
 
 '• 'lining; 11- jumce- exi>te(l w nil relereuci- to tht 
 1 [ 
 
V. -.TAliKnN. 1NIK.WN.\TH>N.M. KKl.All^ 
 
 sov.niv of • ,e clinKite, an.l .lo;.,- ., 
 ,„■ ,,.,n,rccs in tlu' m-rc northcrlv 
 ,,,iion ni ilK- Amorican plaiUat.ons. 
 -n,e French apparently wore- nmrc 
 i„,lnH.l with hopo than the h.n;4hsh, 
 whn^c ahan.l.^nnu-ni "t l..un>l)nri; 
 in conscinence -1 the pcssnnisni ot 
 \,hniral Warren was the cause ot 
 oreat <hssatislacti(.n in Now I'.n-; 
 ran.l where >uch heroic and sell- 
 .Icnvins: sacrifices had I.eenntaae 
 to Jnsure its first ca-ture. Contin- 
 uous warfare effectivel.v stnnuLite-l 
 transportation .level.M>"HMits at 
 Halifax anil a lar-,- trade si.raNti up 
 between the ports of sister colonies 
 to the north as well as the s.mth. 
 I etter^ of niar.|ue were constantlx 
 ,,n the win-, and wealth accumu- 
 lated raipdlv durin- the Xapoleon-c 
 wars. With peace came a reaction 
 of activity and some lean business 
 vears ensued. The tox.n. however, 
 ■,vas now fairlv on its feet, and the 
 
 f,shervindustrywhichha.l iHcn UK 
 Uadin- feature of the Whitehall ad ^ 
 vertisement invitinii the on-mal 
 settlers, was more viijorously un- 
 ,U-rtaken. aiul a large ar.d lucrative 
 ua.le with the W est Tnd.es and the 
 ^lianish main promoted. 
 
 -Ihe first bank was opened m i8.'5 
 ,nd ere lon.g world-wide ventured 
 ,vcre entcrprised. tea bes^an to be 
 imported direct from t h.na. whal- 
 in.' vovaues to the South Seas were 
 prosecuted, ar ,hip buildin;^ eager- 
 iv ,n,a.,^ed in not only at lalitax 
 and Hartmouth. but at the head oi 
 the harbor in V.edfonl as well. 
 
 Halifax was one of the very 
 earliest in the field to establish 
 ^team communication with h.urope. 
 ,1,0 arrival of R. M. S. F-riiannia m 
 lulv 1S40. at the Cunar.l pier, be- 
 in.; the inauguration o? tlie now fa- 
 mous Cunard. I.ine. The first rail- 
 way was operated at .Mbion Mmes 
 
 T2 
 
IJSV**. 
 
 i;ANn KiiiSK. irr.i.ic 
 
 ill lS_V) .'Mill --II 111 ;i nil. IT .■uiiliilii Ills 
 Iirnjcr! lic^aii 111 1h' .•r^itMivl. In 
 1S54 Jusi'dIi lldwi.' liinii'd tlir fir^t 
 Mill 111 tlic \iiva ScDli.i l\;iil\v;iy. 
 iiiiw kiiiuvn a-i iIk I. ('. K.. nr I'di- 
 l>K''s Ko.'i'l, wliicli, with its I'liiiiu'C- 
 linns, Cdiistilnti'S a Icailiiii; link in 
 an imperial cliain •<! ci unniiinii-a- 
 tion, trmn the Atlaniic tn the Pa- 
 cific, as (k'sit;iieil h_v the iilnl nf the 
 ]ini)iilace, its Halit;nnian chainpiini 
 In a ccins'deratinn of Halifax fn ini 
 •he inndtTn \ie\\ ixiiiits. the super- 
 lative advantai^a's of its spacinii^ 
 liarlior eni])hasi/.c its cuiiiniercial 
 iniimrtance in a marked cKL;rei\ 
 I )escripti<ins Iiardly ijn justice In 
 llalifax harlxir: it n-jcds in In.- >een. 
 Sixteen miles hmf^;. f>ne tu twn miles 
 ^^ide. eii^lu tu tweUe tatliiini> deep, 
 twenty s(|iiare miles in t'Xteiii iii- 
 cludiiii; Tiedl'ord liasiii, the highest 
 marine anthnrities lia\e pri iiii miiced 
 il "one of the finest ;ind safest deeji 
 '.v;itcr harlxirs in the world." .Mc- 
 Xab's Island, three miles lunt;, af- 
 ford.s perfect iieUer and llu- shore 
 
 line lakini; in the l''.a>tern I 'as>a,!„'e 
 Mid the \'i irtlnvr^t \riii covers lie- 
 iwreii flirty and lifty irile^. 
 
 The I'.a-tern pa>saL;e intere>ts 
 I'tiited .^tale>' \i^iiois in recalling,' 
 the e--c;iiie of the ( 'oiifeder.'ite 
 »t<.'aiiier 'r;ill:ili;i~~er from the 
 clnlclies of a I'ederal ^i|n,idron mi 
 l!ie watch in the outer roadstead 
 diiriii!,;' the War of .Recession. The 
 eiur.'ince from tlu' sea is five and 
 I'lie-h.alf inile> wide, and the f.iir- 
 way frmii ( helmcto IU;ul. within 
 ;iii Imnr of the cit\ pier,-, is clear 
 and free from 1 ih'-triict'on m- iKI.iy 
 The (Jnar.intine St;itii at I,; .slor'^ 
 Isl.and is IkxihhI criti 111. ideal in 
 e\ery res])ect. Tin- ikve'.i ipmeiit of 
 the .L;iam freii^hter .-iiid llu- .. ilii^>al 
 p,'i-seii,i,;er liiu'r ..f jo.ikki 1.. ^o.ooo 
 tons. Imt i-nh;inci> tin- cap.acity of 
 llalifax liarlior. in-t,-mt;iiieoii>.l\- 
 a\:iil;ilile. at .-inv ^tate of the tide, 
 and at any hour of the day or nii.;ht. 
 .\ h,'i\en it is, in \er_\- s. mtli. for the 
 limp j^reyhonnd of the .\tlantic 
 af[.-r a ttissle with moniitain .^eas in 
 
 13 
 
ixmsihilitv of nunt 
 
 riKi F.i.i I 
 
 nm.Ji ucntlKT. Ab! ""ly "• '•;'-''^;'' 
 Il.-iliiaN. with it- ni:i>-ivu (lry_ .l"ck. 
 ;i,„l it> woalth ..I ai.i>li:iiK-o- l.>r re- 
 pair has ..ftcn l.ce.i the tVrvoiit il 
 uv-ttercl l-ravcr ..f hope Inr weary 
 st(.nn-t..>M'(l ciniiniaiMUTS In.we.l 
 ,l,.\vii witli the re . 
 hundreds of hve> and th.-usamls 
 upon thousands of vahiahle eari^o. 
 \t a eertain transit position on the 
 \\ cstern ( )eian. Halifax is the near- 
 i.st and most easily aeeessil.le port 
 for either eastward or westwar.l 
 l,nun<l tonna,L;e, its eonvenienee as 
 a hunker port, from even extreme 
 southern points of the eontment ot 
 Anieriea. havinir been thorou-hly 
 denionstrateil. 
 
 The short' ends of two oeean 
 eahles are located at Halifax in a.l- 
 diticiu to other leadinsi eahle 
 telegraphic facilitie 
 niunication with every port ui the 
 civilize.l .^lol.e. Wireless uistalla- 
 tion- at l'auii)enlown. just outside 
 the citv. in constant touch with 
 Sable I'sland, jdace Halifax in the 
 
 Miitincl of the 
 
 I 1 I >\v. 
 
 r, lie of a \eritabK 
 \,„ih \tlantic in the transmissinn 
 ,,f marine intelligence. There are 
 4*, piers and wharves alons; the lour 
 niile water front, nine of which are 
 et^cieiitlv eMuipped und.r (.overn- 
 .nntrol to accommodate tlie 
 
 ,r-est steamers alloat. These np- 
 t,.-date arraUL;ements can be dnidi- 
 
 aml 
 lirect com- 
 
 eated on the Dartmouth side where 
 several e.|ually commo,linns piers 
 are alreadv in evidence and l)ro- 
 "iected. 'file railway terminal fa- 
 cilities arc constantly beint: auj:- 
 UR-nted. vear by year, an.l live cili- 
 x^.ns l,.ok forward to the <lay when 
 the -whistle of the Hon- Kon^' 
 train" will sound at every pier on 
 the -vaier front alout,' its entire 
 
 'enuth. 
 
 l-,,ur line- of railway arrive ami 
 dei)art daily, soon to be followed 
 hy a fifth, and on the completion tif 
 the National Transcontinental a 
 -ixlh. <m three of which passenijers 
 .^,.;n_ l,^. ;,!,!^. to book for the I'acihc. 
 About _'() lines of steamers utilize 
 
 14 
 
MKI.VII.I.E i>l.\Mi 
 
 i1k' ]ii<n '111 roi;iiIar >clK'iltilis in 
 stiinnur. aiii! in tlic winter half a 
 ili)/i'n ntlu'r lines Ucsiiles. Tlic l;'.t- 
 I'st additions arc ilircct lino tn 
 .McNici), Siintli Africa and i'ranoo 
 Tlu' arrivals and dc|iarinris, for- 
 litjii and cna? wiso. liavc a\era'^f(l 
 ahmit lo.oiK) t(i ii.(x)o in recent 
 year>, wit'i an a,tjt,'n u'ate t')nnat;e 
 iif tliree millions. Willi the excep- 
 tion of Japan and China the ilai; of 
 almost every nation in the Wiirld 
 may he seen at one time or an- 
 other during a i^nven year in tlu' 
 harbor. In the matter of commer- 
 cial intercourse witli the .\ntipodes. 
 the commercial airent of Canada ai 
 Sydney. \'e\v .South Wales, has ad- 
 vised the I)epartnu-nt of 'IVade and 
 C'ommerce at ()tta\\a that oci'.'in 
 transit (es])ecial for C'ana<lian 
 manufactured ponds i between Can- 
 ada, .\nstralia and Xew Zeal.md is 
 more desirable via the Atlantic 
 
 than by the racilic, Ihe ex|>orts 
 of llalifax from the latot amuia! 
 ntnrn^ approximate Si).<«><).<'<x); 
 t"i>h leading,' with close njion S4,- 
 (HK).iM)(). aL;ricnltnral ]>rodncts and 
 animals aboni S,^.(x)(),()(x>, lumber 
 rather undi'r ilu- norma! a\era;.^e of 
 $i.(XK).oiK) ;inil manufacture-, rather 
 oxer thret'-fourths nf a million. 
 .\pple >hipmeut'- footed up ,^7<).(XX) 
 barrels. ]iotatoes 5_>;-,(kx) bushels. 
 
 Till' chief item-- in the imports 
 are ^ul,^■lr and mola>.>es, which ti:.,'- 
 nre ra.her over S^(xx),()!K). 4,^j.(X)i) 
 liarrel^ ,,\ llour were receivi'd ilur- 
 \vii the p;i>t yiar an<I 440 cars of 
 ■ 'ats '("he valuation for (.'i\ic .\s- 
 ^essment for 1(1(14-05 w;,-- not (piite 
 $JJ.ix^t(^.l)<■K) and the rate .Si.'x) per 
 Sl(K). The t'ivic 1 )ebt iiicludint; 
 Water |)el)t i- >'lL;-htly o-.'er S,^.(K"X).- 
 (XX). Tile ennmerators for .Mc.\l- 
 piue's (.'ity I'lrectory, record 17.-''); 
 individu.al names, which mtdtiplicd 
 
 I- 
 
 'fJU 
 
 
M \l\ I'KliMEN \1 
 
 by tlirci.-. places llie rstiniated luim- 
 l)cr of inliahitaiits for tlie i-iirnnt 
 intiTccnsal ])cri(>il siiico \>to\ at 
 m.SS.;. Inchidin.i: nartnunitli ami 
 the "-arrisim now coinpused <>t C aii- 
 adian citizens, die total p<'l'"l:"'"i' 
 is imdcrstood to he about Tjo.ock). 
 The adiniiiistratioii of the affairs of 
 the City of Halifax is in the hands 
 of a ^iavor and Corporation con- 
 sistintr of iS aldermen, represent 
 ins; ^'^ wards. .\ convention of the 
 mayors and representatives of Can- 
 adian cities and niunici]ialities was 
 held at Halifax in .\ut;ust for mu- 
 tual counsel and deliberation. Sev- 
 eral of the visitors covered between 
 =;,0OO and 6,o(,xj miles tn attend. s;iv- 
 \ng some idea of the importance of 
 the tjatherins;. .\ handsome device 
 over the vestibule of the City Hall, 
 electrically illuminated at niirlit. 
 bore the words, "Municilial Home 
 
 |..„1^."_( )ur .Motto -"WeUonu." 
 Anionir other lavish entertainments 
 bv the citizens, a complete circuit 
 \\,i> made of the harbor and all its 
 itilet> by the ( )■ ivermnent S. S. 
 •Wberdein." winding' up with an 
 ai|natic i)a,i;eant of illuminated boats 
 ;,nd canoes ou the N'orlhwe-t ".rm. 
 'Ihf fairy-liKe ?-cene made a viviil 
 impression on the visitini.; mayors 
 and representatives. 
 
 The prevailing,' i>roblcm of nnmic- 
 ipal o\vner>hii) and (>i)eratii.u of 
 public utilities is l)einL; threshed 
 out in Halifax with a \i,i,or and de- 
 termination equal to tha' (<i any on 
 the continent The water supply 
 of the city is the only franchise en- 
 tirely owned and controlled by its 
 inhabitant-. The service is far and 
 awav beyond the avera.s,a' in etiti- 
 ciencv. liotb for h;n-,.-.Ji(ild tise and 
 tiie ]irotection. while tlic » -■ of 
 i6 
 
 ■»- '*?54.'^-:*x..,f^*A"~ mL%j:z 
 
AW vrv.i.ti^ nxsiN and nninv r.i-i 
 
 fi)tir diilhir'^ i>; iiiii' of t'lo mn-it iiuxl- In piMjii ,riii m in ii> |ii .piiLition, 
 
 crati' 1.11 rocon!. Mcantiiiu- tli ■ iK- llalitas ha- an iiin,snall>' lari,'i- 
 
 I'.irtniciit pa>- .'i!! rnniiiv.; i'\|)i-nst's >trci't inilca;,'-!', .-i msideraMy n\iT 
 
 .'.1 1 i-i pffniliiall^' cMiir^iiis'iinj,' tlic mo tiiilr*. I'm street iinprnve- 
 
 wattr (li't)t. w In'i-li !■< alxHit onc-ihird nunt<, )ia\ i iiuiii - and si'woraye. 
 
 of till' i,'r<iS-< oity nhlii^atii m-, [n tm K-;- tlian .S.'ixi.ixio is ln'ini; jn- 
 
 cimipariii!,' a ]i>ii',' c'*tal>lislu'd com- ilioinnsly cNpondciI. <o that tlie (•it\- 
 
 ninnity in the I^a-t. w'th thi- inoi'p- i;i\f; pronn'sc of heini; a niocld one 
 
 tioii of an cnliri'ly nrw one in tho in ihi- rc-piH-i in a r unparatis riv 
 
 West, it is ohvioiis that the later l.riof pi'iioi!. 
 
 arrival is altoi^cthor fri-o frot)i old Th.. Kalifax 11. .ard of iVado is 
 harnaclos to |>ro-ri--- and time- ,,n,. ,,| il,,. m^^ pro.ur.-.>ivi. "par- 
 worn iircjndiccs. and rcaily |o adopt liaincnl- of hnsinc-s" i,i tlic l)o- 
 up-fo-dato methods without lun- minion ..f Canada. ui;h snli-lan- 
 drance to the I>ndy politic, The tially fnrni>luM .piarters in the 
 fire department of Halifax ranks dc- heart "f th.' . .mmercial di-lrict. 
 servedly lii,i;h, as the lue recr,! of -I'lic Halifax I^lcctric Tram Corn- 
 many years r.f more than average pany operates an np-to-date -erv ce 
 immnnity fairly dcmr.ii->trate-. 'idle hy a main line cl'-,l\ c,u>- ectini,' 
 leffislatiire ])rovided nearly Sfio.o'X) with a licit Imu-. c .\irini: all the 
 for additions to its e(piipment dur- Kaclini; thoron-lii'are-. The H. P.. 
 ini: the !a>t two se>.-ion<. The pn- T, C, ,. ,-,U,, pr, ,vi,Ies electric li^ht 
 lice force evoked well merited en- ,inc| power, tM-.ther with i;as f.ir 
 comiiims for its personnel, disci- the whole cii\. Fin.mci.all v t'lr 
 pline and management from mem- credit of Tl.ilifax mav he jndL;ed 
 i.er- t>i iJie C,-in;idi;in Afimicipal fr..iM liie f.icl liiat its last {'--ne -'f 4 
 I'nion dnrin;,'- their in vcstiyaHons. 'v- cent. Iionds resulted in an ac- 
 
 _ i« ^Siimajik —. 
 
i8 
 
 II A 1. 1 I A \. \"\ > St • ' r I \ 
 
 i-i-t.tal>l.' fivic •■m-*t ckh" "^^••' •""' 
 al(..M- par. 
 
 Halifax lia* -i\ iliarttrf.l l.ank>. 
 lliriH- ''ciiiy l">:il in>liitili'iii» \vill> ■' 
 paiil np caiulal "i S7.5<kmh><) .iikI 
 rfM-rvc >'i S<»..U,^75-'- '■'"' I'-'"'' "I' 
 i-apiial aii.l r.-it\f "t tlir llirci- ont- 
 s\i\v hank- i> S »<',i<xt.'> "' '''i^' :'v;i'ii- 
 li.'N ..I llu' Uxnu- I'aiik-. >|iria(l mit 
 likf a fan in all .linction^.. fr.-iii llu' 
 .liManl Vnkcm ;m Mcxio., I'nl.a. tlu- 
 West lnttic'> ..■111 "ilitr l">iiil-> mar 
 the F.i|nat.ir. « >n»' <>i tliu <)ui>i<K' 
 Caiiailiaii l.ank> lia> i.<- hraiiclus 
 l! n'4liiint till- |)uniinii>n in aiMi 
 ti, . l)ranclK's at l...inlnn ( lui^j- 
 
 lan.l). \i'w ^^lrk, San I'Vaiicisco. 
 I'urttand (()ri'ui>ii). Siaillc ami 
 SkaK'way n llu> I'nitril State-. 
 'riuTf .-irt' alsM -cvcral i)ri\ati' h.uik- 
 ini; lioiiM-s, tni-l and I'l.m com 
 l-aiiirs. etc. TIk- l>ank cli'arini;s in 
 11)1)4 were over .S'mi.ihx >."<'<> at Hali- 
 fax. 
 
 Tlie indusirie- "f Halifax stand 
 tij^'litli in tile list <>f Canadian cities 
 .ill the i.'stMiiuny ,ii [' . S. Consul 
 Cetieral H..ll>\say, The fishery in- 
 dustry .J'lirally iie.ids the i>rcHe- 
 siiin. Til' foremost nurcantile en 
 terprise i- al-" distinctly maritime 
 - the dt\ duck "lie iif the lar;;est 
 and in..-t th<ir< ii,.;hly e<|u;;)pc(l oti 
 the ciintiiieiit. 
 
 'I"'ie mineral indii-lr\ of the 
 whole I'roviiice natiir. M\ ci>n\erjie- 
 at the capital, for a nuitrrial share 
 of its iiiaiia<.;emeiit aiul di-trihtition 
 In domestic mannf.ictnres .-lothinL; 
 paint and lead, hoots aii<l shoes. 
 Hour mills, hisciiit and c mfeition- 
 ery. si)ice-, powder and e\ido-i\' • 
 mills, iron foundries, stove works, 
 linishes and brooms .-ire all repre- 
 sented on a more or less extensive 
 scale, 'i'he ipieslioii oj new imlus- 
 tries is a hurnint; one in the city of 
 
 Halifax ai liie pre-eiit iiiomeiil and 
 |,romiiieiit ciii/t'ii'. ill .onjiinction 
 with the City I'omieil and the 
 I'.oard of Trade are en«;a«ed in pef- 
 -i-teiit et'lort- lo iitili/e tiif mani- 
 fold aiKania^ics of aeee".sil)le raw 
 material- and exc»ptiniial transpor- 
 taiioii facihtii- inward- a»id out- 
 ward- at their \er\ door--, for dis- 
 trilmiioii to near li> home markets. 
 Xewfoniidland. < ireat I'.ritain. the 
 I'niud Slat.-. W e-t In. lies and 
 .Mexic... with I-.iirope.in. South 
 .\frican ami .\n-tralasian outlets as 
 an ultimate fiehl for expan-ioii. 
 
 The imhlic hiiildins^s and scenic 
 attractions of Hal 'ix city are so 
 ample -<t forth in .. plethora of il- 
 lustrate. I tourist ^,Mlille hiM.ks that 
 .letaile.l ilescriptioiis wnuM he hnt 
 •a twice tol.l tale." The Province 
 I '.nil. lint: in the centre of the c ly, 
 ( io\eriiiiu lit House, the Xew Cus- 
 tom House. I', i-t < XTice. Nict.iria 
 IJ.i-liital, I'diiid School. Dalliousie 
 Colle;;e. City Hall. Deaf and Dumh 
 Institution. Infirmary. I'.udist Semi- 
 nary, Convent of the Sacre.l Heart. 
 Mount St. \iment. .\cailem\ of 
 Mu-i'- and others in a.Mitioii to 
 thirty-nine churches. twenty -ix 
 )iuhlic -cho. .Is ami ei.yhte.Mi chari- 
 table institution- cmstitute a i^'roiip 
 of which ai.\ city. iiicir;i or iiioii- 
 ern. inii,dit w.-ll he pioii,'.. .M r'V 
 of ''h' place- of wi>rslii|) are o| .Kep 
 li.slo-ical interest, nota'd.- ..! ■ l-i. 
 r'aul's. th.' Round Church and the 
 .|u.iint little Dutch I liiirch with its 
 chicken-cock -pire. '\'\w Roillld 
 Church. Town 'lock, ami Prince's 
 l.oil;<c .'■'"e clr.M-i~heil reminders of 
 "\e oM.'ii time' wlien I'rince l'",d- 
 war.l. Duke oi' Kent, i:r;mdfatlier i>f 
 Kiiii^' V.t\\ i<l \H. lixcd ami moved 
 ."■iid hail '>;^ heini; lor .•^evef.'l.year.- 
 in Halifax as ( ■ominamler-iii-chicf 
 
II \ I. I I \ \. \ M \ A >i I . II A 
 
 M) 
 
 111 tllf tr.iii|>» III ^;. nil-. II ,11 llii lie 
 jiiimiii;^ ,,i llir l:i>i I , iiiiirx . I in- 
 I'liMii' < lanii'iix aiiil I'mnt j'li i-;iii< 
 I'ark f\llil>il ■«.« iii;iii\ |M.mt» ■•' |pu- 
 liin'>i|iu- lif.'mlN aihl ;illi«lii- ' i-lr 
 :i» \'i (lull iiii>iiiiu c| ;t|>|irru,ii I' 111 
 MiMii the iii">l f\;ii-liiii^' triiir- 
 t >li| Si 1 ' iiil- r.iirviiiu < .nMiti.l i> 
 ;iii iiliicii III' ytrii lii-iiiiii- nii.ri'^t 
 as the rc-»tiiiL; plaic .i|' i:iil\ ili;;]]! 
 lane- ami nrruiaU in pre ri'vilii 
 lioiiarv I'liu ■. It ;il>ii (■..ii! liii* ili. 
 WfUt'iiril .11 II i'arkir M.iiiiimi hi . 
 I'll!' Ill the iiiiphI iiii|iii-iiiL; inilitarv 
 nuiiiiirial-- in ilu- I >i.niiiiii m I'.ni 
 .Ma>si'\. till' \a\al ( iMiu'tcrx aiiil 
 till- l.itlU' hntiii r.niial I'iao' ar 
 aiu'ciil riii(> nf ilic iliail, n|iliic 
 wiili a»in-iati.in> ni ilif |i:i*t. \ 
 nnlilc litVlik,- ■.latiic nl llmi |.i~i|i|i 
 lliiv\i\ \ii\a Sf.itia'-- nif»i ili-iin 
 Kiii-lu'il Mill, adiin;- llic -mtluip 
 aira iif till' I'ln, iiui' lliiiliiiii'^ 
 
 KTlMllllls, It is -Ui, |,r,,|i.,^ri| III 
 
 iTi-ct a staliU' lit' aiiiillur iiniiu-m 
 I'ili/i'ii. Sir Saiiincl ( iinanl. a 
 ( ■ritnliaiik. Aiiiiniy nijurs wlin 
 !ia\,' lift 1 iiditriiti; I'anu' as a jii-t 
 iiiliiriiaiui', Hull. I. W . Ii.liiist.iiii', 
 Sir \\ illiain Niniii;^, (liiff liistic- 
 I lalliliiirtiiii. Sir I'eiiu i<-I; Williams 
 of Kars ami Sir li.iin lni,'lis, ih,. ,\c. 
 fiinlir .if l.tn-kimw. will alsn ilmilit- 
 li-ss have tlu-ir iiuMiii .rii's liMiiiiiril 
 at III! distani ilav . A I'.ik r W ar 
 .'•^taiiif at tin- n.iiilnTii ana .if tin- 
 i'mviiKT I'.iiiMin- an] aiMtlur in 
 '111' I 'iiMir ( i.inlciis. w Ith tlir Vic 
 liiria liiliiloi' I'li.ntain M tnu I'-'al at 
 llu- same |ilai'i'. arc sain-.l niiii-cl- 
 iif rc-aii! titlin-l> lU-ci iiatnl <.ii an 
 ni\ its;,, i,.^ and -],,■, -ial nci :■ - ins. 
 
 Mlirc arc nimici-Mns lilirai'ics, in- 
 clinliiii; tlic (it/ells' I'-a^c l.il.rarv 
 in ll'c Citv Hall. The hnicls arc 
 M-cr tlfiy in !i!i!;:!,cr :ii a-Mitii.-i t^ 
 restaurants and a|iann'cnt Imn-c- 
 
 111 disiraMc residential siciiiiim 
 Mu' liilifa\. tjneeii and kiiiu I'd- 
 uard .111- ani.iin^ tlie largest ImtcN. 
 
 I lie Wavilliv lias liiiio Iieiii ,\ |,i,i. 
 
 iiiiniiced laviiiite Willi \ineiicaiis. 
 
 iiwiny III its excellence i.f inana;4e 
 
 inetii. Iiiiiiie c.iinlnrts and ayreealil,. 
 
 -nri' •nndint;s 
 
 Idle eii \ lias I V,,, n|i.t.. date 
 lulls. el.'-anll\ ap|i"inliil in s|||, 
 :.inlial liiiiidin^- i ^ aclii S.|iiad 
 
 mil t InliliMiisc a i;iiiiinds. I.nir 
 
 U 1 iiiwiiil; »1iiIis. Ihuiscd and 
 
 ci|nipp. d mi ni.i Ici n liin . W aiider 
 I rs and ullit r aniateiir aililclic .i- 
 siiciatiiiiis. Stndlex (jn.ut ( liiK nf 
 inteniatiiiiial reiiiitc, lusidcs imm 
 ermis iilicr i .r'^^ani/alii in- f^ ir iicre 
 all. Ill in .1 lii-li state nf eriiciciic\ . 
 
 I lie speed trai'k at tile I' \lliliitli .ii 
 < Iriiinuls I- adiniitcd In ln' .iiu nf 
 llic licst in ( anada 
 
 I apprcci.itt- tile scenic allrac- 
 tiitis ,,| ilalifas. a dri\c ni walk 
 a"iiiin.l till rainparls .,f the ( ii.i.lel 
 afliir.N the in..s| c ini)ireliensi\ f 
 \ lew I lure ai'e few till. re cliann- 
 III...' landcapes in aii> pari nf ihc 
 ■\"rld Man the p.-iimrania ..f sea. 
 
 ■ > .and l.rd in si-ln frmii xantai^c 
 p'lints ..ii r. lad and fn.ii paili en 
 
 ciicli.ii; I he ni.ial >>i 1 ..ri ( ic.iri.ie ..n 
 a sninnier da\. llu- cup .I'licil 
 i-iianu:cs hkc a k.ahid. .sci iju' . .f \'a- 
 
 'll'i' e\cr\ few _\ards. here ihc 
 vh.ile city at a L;l;incc with it- 
 clmrcli s[,i|-c^ an.l l.ifiiest liniMiin.;- 
 i'ltcrspcr-. ,1 vMih f. ,l,a;j,, ii,,.,-i. j., 
 the l". .re-naind ihc wi.lc c\pan-c 
 "f tile harlmr. with a cruiser s,n,a.| 
 r.iii swill-ill;^ at anidi..r, I'.df. .nl 
 r.as-n <Mi the ..He hand, th.- Ivistern 
 i';issaL;e nil -JU' ..iher like a sij-,,.,- 
 thnail, an. Ill the i;ras~y sl,.|n.^ an.] 
 Iti.Miriant niiniatnrc I'.ir.-t ..f .\|,-- 
 
 VI* It . . - 
 
 .\a;i- i>;aiM. ail. I m tin* i|is;aiii 
 •ierspccli\c a clear, full \icw ..f 
 
20 
 
 HALIF.VX, XOVA SCOTIA 
 
 DartiiKHitli. \v=th a lilinipsc of tin- 
 First Lake. .i>rk Redoubt too, to 
 rivet tlic eyefeast. with its picUtres- 
 (jue winding ro.id, eapin-d by a t:eii- 
 ennis stretch of the l)ro;id Athiiitic 
 ii! the farther l)eyoiid. 'ihe western 
 circumfereiu-c of the fitadel road- 
 way K'ves a far rcacliitit,' l)ird's eye 
 view of the Public (iardens, Camp 
 Hill ("enictery, the North West en- 
 virons, the 'F.xhibition I'.uildinj^'s 
 and in the distance, undulatinjj; hills 
 and tree-clad hei,t,dus. clothed 
 with the smiling farms and cottat;es 
 of the Dutch village. The approach 
 by sea sui)])lies a succession of ma- 
 rine views almost as striking and 
 ])roves an unfailing source of a<l- 
 miration to visitors. Dryden's ver- 
 sion of Virgil typifies the site of old 
 Chebucto all down the centuries. 
 
 "Within a Iouk rct-cvi tlicre lio< ,1 B.iy, 
 An islanil shades it from fhi> n.llinR sia 
 .\nd forms a Port sociirc for ship-; to ri(l^^ 
 Rroke by the juttinR land on either side." 
 
 In addition to is physical beauty 
 Halifax Harbor is a grand com- 
 mercial asset not only for its resi- 
 dents, but for the Province and the 
 wdiole Dominion as well. A great 
 change has taken place in Halifax 
 during the i)resent year in the trans- 
 fer of its extensive fortifications by 
 the F.ritish (lovernmetit to the Do- 
 minion authorities at Ottawa. The 
 garrison is now manned entirely by 
 the Canadian Permanent Army 
 Corps, a few officers of the Im- 
 perial forces remaining for puri)oses 
 of instruction. The I'.ritish drum 
 beat, which has been a familiar 
 sound for 157 years h;.s ceased, the 
 Canadian Department of Militia 
 
 and Defence taking full charge. 
 Tin- conditions 'f the transfer are 
 not definitely known to the man on 
 the street, but it is generally sttr- 
 mised that something ntore or less in 
 the nature of a trusteeship governs 
 the situation. Hopes are enteriained 
 in many (piarters that the with- 
 drawal of tin- over sea military ele- 
 n.eiit will eventually have a salu- 
 tarv eft'cct in developing a more 
 self-relying and go-ahead sjiirit. 
 Varying oj)inions exist on this 
 point as the associations of social 
 intercourse which became part and 
 l)arcel of the daily life for a century 
 and a half have naturally brought 
 ubout a community of interest not 
 onlv with the officers of the many 
 distinguished ngiments serving on 
 the station, but also with the rank 
 and file. Rarely has a battalion 
 left the city without a number of 
 its members having secured life 
 wartners from among the fair 
 daughters of Acadia, so that it will 
 be considerable time before interest 
 in the ]iersonnel of the lliitish 
 .\rmy diminishes in many famih' 
 circles high and low. That the tra- 
 ditions of the Im|)erial Service will 
 be fully maintained by their Cana- 
 dian brethren in arms may be taken 
 as a foregone conclusion. 
 
 With its guardians native to the 
 soil, the well-known quotation 
 from I'.ishoj) P.erkeley's rtdc "West- 
 ward the course of I';m])ire takes its 
 way" will have for the young Do- 
 minion a wider significance beyond 
 the West through a chain of com- 
 munication from Halifax to Van- 
 couver — twin gateways of twin 
 seas. 
 
Sir*