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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION lESI CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2 1.0 I.I ■ SO "^K If 1^ IIM 22 2£ 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 _^ /AP PLIED IN/MGE In .T= ■'^) *8i - 0300 - Phone tJ~ 6) 288- 5989 - Fa« '^" V « ^Nv, J-;: iv .<---- # "••#:^.. ^^*>=^^ f THE STORY OF ^IDYLLS OF THE KING^ IS 1^ I«l I C«n«(t« c ,s\>\*' W// %r ( •<• =1 jL Canada THE STORY OF IDYLLS OF THE KING " 'i.o -rncir i iki wisi' siiait i'.I' kfxc,' " — Pir^r 2'^0 fR • 13 ^3 hiX ?*«i»- Copyright, 1912, by Frederick A. Stokes Company AH rtghtz reserved Printed m the United States of America 1996 INTRODUCTION THE stories sketched herein are for the most part founded on Tennyson's " Idylls of the King." The aim of the writer has been to put the subject matter of the " Idylls " into readable form for young readers, — to lay a foundation, as it were, for Tennyson's tales. They are stories of " noble chivalry, courtesy, humanity, friendliness, hardiness, love, friend- ship, cowardice, murder, hate, virtue, and sin." Before reading these tales the young reader should know that King Arthur was a good and wise king who ruled over parts of England in the sixth century. In those days England was divided into a number of petty kingdoms, each ruled by its own king, and Arthur was the wisest and best of these rulers. Indeed, so great was he, that he conquered a large number of his neighbor kings, and finally came to be the ruler of all Western, or Celtic England. He was so chivalrous and kind, so wise and just, that people every- where sang his praises. Story after story about him was handed down from one generation to another, until, even before print- ing came into use, writers of many lands took him for the highest type of chivalrous gentleman. He was made to stand for all that was good and pure in life, and his name became a household watch- word. A writer named Mallory gathered the Arthur stories together and had them published in one bock. He called his work " Morte d'Arthur." Tennyson got much of the material for his " Idylls " from Mallory, but each author added to the original records to suit his own fancy. Thus, Arthur really reigned in the sixth century, but Maiiory put him into a setting of feudal chivalry and knighthood at its highest flower, which was actually reached in the twelfth century, Tennyson went farther and put In conversation and happenings of his own day and age. Therefore, while the n INTRODUCTION story of Arthur Is beautiful and inspiring, it is not exactly true to his time. But this fact does not in any way affect the interest of the tale. The traveler over Great Britain finds everywhere mementos of Arthur. From " Arthur's Seat " at Edinburgh to " Arthur's Castle of Tintagil " in Cornwall, his name Is In the air. Win- chester claims to have been the seat of Arthur's royal palace — the city spoken of in the tales as Camelot. Bamborough Castle in Northumberland boasts of having been " Joyous Gard," the home of Lancelot, Arthur's best-loved knight; while Guilford In Surrey is said to have been the home of " the lily maid of Astolat," who died for love of Lancelot. Devonshire is known as the home of Geraint, one of Arthur's strong knights, and Glastonbury is the traditional " island-valley of Avalon " whither Arthur passed at the close of the tales. It was to Glastonbury, we are told, that Joseph of Arimathea conveyed the Holy Grail after the Saviour's death, and there the Feast of the Pentecost was always faithfully observed by Arthur and his knights. Tennyson uses his " Idylls " to point a moral. In some respects he makes them a tale of " Paradise Lost." In the beginning, he shows us Arthur's kingdom — a creation bright and fair, perfect in every way. The blight of sin, however, creeps in at last and gradually spreads corruption, until all ends In what seems to be defeat and failure; but through the clouds we can see the sun shin- ing, and we feel that Arthur's life has not been lived In vain. We do not deal with the moral in our rendering of the stories. We give them for their pictures of chivalrous times, for their beauty of thought and action, and for their portrayal of right, truth, and might conquering over wrong. It Is our hope that young readers will profit from acquaintance with the brave, and courteous knights, and the pure, true, beautiful ladles around whom the tales are woven, and be led to realize the truth of the saying: " Do after the good, and leave the evil, and It shall bring you to good fame and renown." I CONTENTS THE STORY OF IDYLLS OF THE KING _ PAGE Introduction y CHAPTER I How Arthur Came to be King ... . i II The Founding of the Round Table . . . io III Arthur's Be^t Friend 20 IV The Marriage of Arthur 31 V Arthur's Enemies AT Court 39 VI Gareth of Orkney 49 VII The Story of Geraint and Emd .... 75 VIII The Lily Maid of Astolat 103 IX The Search for the Holy Grail . . . .132 X Guinevere 147 XI The Passing of Arthur 162 IDYLLS OF THE KING Dedication 175 The Coming of Arthur 176 The RouNi' Table Gareth and Lynette 187 The Marriage of Gfraixt 217 Geraint AND Enid 235 vii viii COr^IENTS PAC« Balin and Balan 256 Merlin and Vivien 269 Lancelot and Elaine 289 The Holy Grail .319 PELLEAS and ETTARRE 339 The Last Tournament 351 Guinevere 368 The Passing of Arthur 382 To the Queen 392 ILLUSTRATIONS " ' lo, thou likewise shalt be king ' " . " For two hours more they fought" Here by oou's rood is the one maid for me ' " "'Yea, little maid, for am i not forgiven?'" F, on I is piece FACING FAiiE . 26 226 382 THE STORY OF IDYLLS OF THK KING CHAPTER 1 HOW ARTHUR CAME TO BE KING KING UTHER Pendragon lay dying. He was sore at heart and sadly troubled. His spirit could not bear to leave the earth, for he had no heir to succeed him. Loudly did he mourn, and all his attendants were filled with pity. Merlin, the great wi/.ard, and his master Bleys were sent for, and tried in vain to comfort him. At last the two wise men went out from the King's presence, and paced along the shore beside the sea. They were sad and troubled, for they could think of no way In which their ma[,ic might help their beloved King. It was night — a dismal night, "in which the bounds of Heaven and earth seemed lost." Suddenly, from out the blackness, a dragon-winged ship loomed up at sea. Bright and all shining she was, and there were many people on her decks. B. . only a glimpse the two wise men had ere she passed from sight. Then master and pupil stood silently watching the great waves ri. : and fall. Wave after wave came in, each mightier than the kst, until finally the ninth one, " gathering half the deep and full of voices, slowly rose and plunged roaring, and all the wave was in a flame, and down the wave and in the flame was borne a naked babe, that rode to Merlin's feet." Quickly the old wizard caught up the child. " The King! " he cried. " Here is an heir for Uther! " As he spoke, the fringe of the great breaker, swooping up the strand, lashed at him and rose all around him in fire, so that he and I THE STORY OF IDYLLS OF THE KLNG the child were clothed in flame. Then the fire died down, a peace- ful calm fell, and stars and sky were bright anil clear. Straij^htway Merlin ami Bl"ys hurrlcil to the castle, and great was the rejoicing when the glad tidings were home throughout the court that an heir had been given to L'ther from the deep sea. The old King was glad and happy indeed, and his spirit passed from his body in peace. But he did not die until he had blessed the child and commanded two knights and two ladies to take it, wrapped in cloth-of-gold, and deliver it to a poor man they would find waiting at the outer gates of the castle. The wise old King knew that when he was dead the babe's life would be in danger, antl that many of his wicked, unscrupulous nobles would try to take the throne. Now the old man at the gate was Merlin in disguise, but the knights and ladies knew it not. He bore the babe secretly away, and carried him to Sir ,\nton, an old friend of King Uther's. The good knight had the child christened by a holy priest, naming him Arthur. Then his wife took the babe and nursed him and reared him with her own children. Great was the speculation at court as to where the child had gone, and strife and trouble arose among the more powerful nobles as to who should rule in King Uther's stead. But Merlin charged them, saying: "Hive heed what ye do. The child is not dead. God will have His will; in His own good time He will bring forth Uther's heir and crown him King. And Uther's heir shall be greatest of all great kings; all his enemies shall fall before him. And be- fore he dies he shall long have been King of all England, and have under his rule Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, and more king- doms than are now known." The petty kings and nobles marveled at what Merlin said, and though they scoffed at him in secret, they dared not take the throne, for well they knew the wisdom of his prophecies. And for many years there were wrangling and bloodshed in the land. HOW ARTHUR CAME TO BH KING Knaves and cutthroats went their way undisturbed, and the country sank into decay. Wild men and people from over the sea plun- dered and laid waste the borderlands, and Terror rode barebacked over the hills and throujjh the dales. At last Merlin went to the Archbishop of Canterbury and told him to make known to all tho lords of the realm, and to all the gentlemen of arms, that if they would come to London at Christmas time, a miracle would be shown to them, revealing vvho waugh by so doing he wouKl miss a large part of the tournament. But the tri'' was a useless one, for when he arrived at the castle, he found that all the servants had set off across the fields for the tournament. There was no one to find the sword for him, and he was forced to turn back empty-handed. " .'Mas! " said he, " I will not go to my brother without a sword. He shall do his share in the tourney, even though it be late in the day. I will get me down to the churchyard and draw out the sword from the marble." When he had come to the churchyard and made fast his horse to the stile, he went to the tent which had been placed over the marble block, and peeped in. And lo! the brave and trusted knights who had been left to guTd the sword had stolen away to the tourneys! Seizing the weapon by the handle, Arthur pulled it easily from the marble, mounted his horse, and rode away in search of Sir Kay, to whom he delivered the sword. Sir Kay recognized it at once, and, saying nothing of his in- tentions to Arthur, he spurred his horse to his father's side. Show- ing the sword to Sir Anton, he said, " Lo, Sir, here is the sword that was in the marble in the churchyard, wherefore I must be King of all England." Sir Anton was astonished. But he knew his son. Privately summoning Arthur, he made Sir Kay and the boy go quiptly with him to the churchyard. There he examined the marble, then he now ARIllLR CAME TO BE KING S drew them into the church and sternly bade Sir Kay tdl hiin the truth about the stone. "I low Is It that you now have the sword in vour possession? Vou could no more tlraw It on Christmas Day than any other knight! " he demanded. Sir Kay knew his father was not to be deceived, so he answered truly: " My brother .Arthur brought it to me." " Zounds! " exclaimed the old knif^ht. " And how came you by it, boy?" Arthur told him. " Then," said Sir .Anton, " I see that you, lad. must be the des- tined King of our land." '' I ! " cried Arthur in bewilderment, for he had not understood the true significance of the sword. "Wherefore I? Are you dreaming, Father? Why should I be King? " " Because God will have it so," answered Sir Anton solemnly, uncovcrii.g his head. " Know you not, lad, that it has been or- dained that whosoever pulleth this sword from the marble shall be King? It is a sign from the Great Ruler on high. Now, that there may be no mistake, let us see if you can put the sword back in its place and draw it out again." "Surely, Sir, that is easy!" answered Arthur, r.nd straightway led the way to the churchyard. Lightly he hurled the gleaming steel Into the center of the anvil. Then Sir Anton took hold of the sword and tried to draw it out, but in vain. Sir Kay next tried with all his might to move the sword, but he could not stir It. " Nay," said Sir Anton, " you arc not the man. Do you try, Arthur." And Arthur took hold of the sword and drew It forth easily. .\t this Sir Anton and Sir Kay knelt on the ground before him and bowed low their heads. " Alas," cried Arthur, " wherefore do you kneel to me, mine own dear father and my brother? " 6 THE STORY OF ID/LLS OF THE KING " \ay, my lord Arthur," answered good Sir Anton, " call me father no more. You are not of our kin. None of my blood courses in your veins." Then he told Arthur how he had taken him from Merlin and brought him up as his own son; and how the wizard had said that Arthur was sent from heaven to be King. Arthur was deeply moved, but the thought that he might be the King paled before the loss of his good parents, and he was even more deeply grieved. Seeing this, the old knight said kindly: " Do not take it to heart, my lord Arthur. We will still be your friends, If It please you." " If it please me! " exclaimed Arthur. "What manner of man should I be if it did not please me? It would ill-behoove me to show aught but kindness and love to you and my good mother, Lady Eleanor who have stood for so many years between me and the world. Nay, Sir Anton, If It shouiii L. that I have the good for- tune to be crowned King, ask what you will of me and the favor shall be granted, even unto the half of my kingdom." " Lord Arthur," replied the old knight, bowing low, " your kind- ness and courtesy do ciedit to the wise teachings of my good lady. I thank you. But I shall ask no more of you than that you make my son. Sir Kay, seneschal of all your lands." " Indeed," answered Arthur, " that will I do willingly. And, by my faith, no ,: in but he shall fill that office while he and I live." Then Sir Anton counseled Arthur ?nd Sir Kay to hold their peace till Twelfth Day, when Arthur might take his turn among all those who came to try for the sword. " For," said he, " no other man can take the sword, let him try as he may. You are ihe King that God has sent to save the land. It is best that you prove yourseh before all the lords and common people." When Twelfth Day came, a great crowd again assembled, and all the mighty and powerful men of the kingdom tried in turn to