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Original eopioa in printad papor eovara ara fHmad baginning with tha front eovar and andlng on tho last paga with a printad or illuatratad Impraa- sion, or tho bacic eovar whan appropriata. Ail othar original eopioa ara fllmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- aion, and andlng on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. Tha iaat raeordad frama on aaoli mierofleha ahall contain tha aymbol >-» (moaning "CON* TINUIO"). or tho aymbol ▼ (moaning "END"), whichavar appiiaa. L'axamplaira f1lm4 fut raproduit griea i la g*n4roaitA da: BibiiotMqua. CommlMion Qiolooiqua du Canada Lao Imagaa auh^antaa ont 4ti roproduitaa avac la plua grand aoln. compto tonu do ia condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira fllm4. at •n oonformit* avoe loo eondltiona du contrat da fUmaga. Laa anamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura ^n poplar aot imprimda aont film4a tn commonpant par ia pramlar plat at an tarmlnant soit par la damMra paga qui eomporto uno amprainto dimpraasion ou d'lilutitratfon. aoit par la aacond plat, aalo n lo eaa. Toua laa autrao axamplairaa originaux aont filmte an eommonpant par la pramlAra paga qui eomporta una amprainta dimpraaaion ou dllluatration at wt tarminant par la damMra paga qui eomporta una talla amprainta* Un daa aymbolaa auivants apparattra aur la daml4ra Imaga da chaqua mierofleha. salon la eaa: la aymbola -^' aignifia "A SUtVRE". la aymbolo ▼ aignifio "PIN". Mopa^ plataa. charts, ate., may ba fllmad at diff arant reduction ratioa. Thoaa too largo to bo antlraiy included in one axpoaura are fllmad beginning in tha upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framoa aa required. The following dlagrama illuatrata the method: Laa eartae. pianchee. tableaux, ete.. peuvent Atre fllm4e i dee taux da rMuetion diffirents. Lorsqua la document eet trop grend pour Atre reproduit en un soul cliehA. 11 est film* i partir da I'angia sup4rieur gauelie. do gauche k droite. et do haut en bos. en prenent le nombre dlmagaa n^eaeseire. Las diagrammea suivanta illuatrent la m4thoda. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 '' : 4 5 6 \ ^ ^. REPORT ON THE COPPER DEPOSIT OF GRAND MANAN, BAY OF FUNDY. Having received instructions to examine the mineral pro- perty of Messrs. Gray and Company, on the western coast of the Island of the Grand Manan, I visited the spot in the early part of the present month (September, i8;;o), and made as careful an examination of the property as the nature of the ground would allow. The condensed statement, now sub- mitted, embodies the general results of my investigation ; but, in consequence of the present undeveloped state of the pro- perty, these results, it should be observed, are necessarily to some extent conjectural. • ' I. General description of the Island: — The Island of Grand Manan is situated near the Mouth of the Bay of Fundy, about ten or twelve miles east of the coast of Maine. It extends in a general NNE and SSW direction, its average length being about twenty-one miles. In breadth, it varies from three to four miles in some places, to seven or eight miles in others. A small strip at the extreme south of the island belongs to the State of Maine ; but with this exception the whole of the island is included within the Province of New Brunswick. Saint Andrews, the nearest port of the Dominion of Canada, lies about thirty miles to the north-west. The eastern coast of the island is comparatively low, and much indented in outline, offering several wide bays and more or less sheltered coves with good anchorage. This side of the island contains also one or two saw mills and a considerable number of detached settlements, chiefly occupied by fisher- • • • I • •• • • •* men. Towards the central part of the island the ground rises abruptly, and the entire western coast presents an almost unbroken line of high basaltic cliffs, rising vertically to a height of from 200 to 250 feet above the sea level. Below this escarpment, with its slides and talus of heaped and broken rock, there is no true beach, but merely a narrow belt of coarse shiiigle, covered in many places by huge columns and angular masses of basaltic trap fallen from the cliffs above. The western side of the island, more especially, is densel}' wooded, and would thus furnish a practically inexhaustible supply of good timber for mining purposes. Two or three small lakes occtir also upon it, and streams emanating from these afford an unfailing supply of water. This point may be especially alluded to, as several valuable mining stations, situated on other islands of the Bay of Fundy, are greatly impeded in their operations by the want of fresh water for washing and dressing their ores. The property secured by the Company occupies a range of several miles along this western coast, and comprises altogether 800 acres. Part of it is held in fee simple, and the rest as regards mining rights, v/ith full privileges as to roadway, water supply, cutting of timber, &c. 2. Geological Features : — The oldest rocks on the island are a series of metamorphic slates and conglomerates, proba- bly of Palaeozoic age. These are exposed chiefly on the north-east side of the island. They shew a general dip to- wards the south-west. In the accompanying sketch-section these metamorphic strata are denoted by the letter A. They are traversed in places by trap dykes, partly of an amygdaloi- dal character, and are covered here and there by beds of drift gravel. At the base of the island, on the western side, strata of buff-coloured sandstone crop out, and range along the shore throughout almost the entire extent of this part of the coast. These sandstone beds (lettered B in the section) are appa- rently of Triassic age. They dip at a slight angle towards the south-west, and must thus overlie the metamorphic strata, somewhat as depicted in the section ; but their extent in an easterly direction may be greater or less than is there shewn. • .,••• • ! • . • • • • ••••• • j^..:^..ii rr ■* « ^mi Here and there, below the boulders on the shore, they arc seen on the other hand to extend in broad layers beneath the sea. A bed of white or pale grey tufa (C), averaging about seven or eight feet in thickness, rests conformably on these sandstones, and is succeeded by a thin layer of soft clay-like tufa (D), the two presenting, in many places, no clearly dis- cernible line of separation. Finally, above the whole of these beds, a mass of columnar and sub-columnar trap (E), forms a huge overflow, its surface sinking down in step-like ridges towards the east, whilst on the western shore, as already stated, it forms a range of high precipitous cHfts, rising almost vertically from the sea. 3. The Mineral Bed: — The outcrop of light coloured tufa- ceous rock (C) referred to above, although covered up in many places by heaps of detrital matter fallen from the cliff, can be traced along the face of the western escarpment throughout a length of eight or nine miles, and it extends undoubtedly beyond this distance. It is shewn nowhere, however, in its true position ; but only along the face of the slides or ^boiilcmcnts which rest against the base of the cliffs throughout the entire length of the island. As thus seen, it occupies a level much below the true position of the bed. The latter must be at least thirty or perhaps forty feet above high-water mark, whereas, on the face of the slides, the bed has been brought down in some places to within three or four feet of the water level, and in others to about fifteen or twenty feet. In these slides, also, the bed has been more or less broken up, and has been made to dip inwards or towards the east, as shewn in the accompanying sketch, whilst the true Inclination is evidently in the opposite direction. This tufaceous bed carries small patches and stains of earthy malachite or green carbonate of copper apparently through- out its entire length ; and where the bed has been excavated to the extent of a few feet, these stains and earthy masses are seen to have arisen from the partial decomposition of small strings and bunches of copper glance or sulphide of copper, one of the richest ores of that metal. Only two excavations, however, have at present been carried into the bed, and neither ^"m ♦ J of these reach the solid or unFracturcd rock. But these exca- vations are about five miles apart, and here and there, on the intervening stretch of shore, pieces of the rock thickly charged with malachite, or shewing strings of copper glance, occur amongst the detrital matters dislodged from above. It may be fairly concluded, therefore, that the bed carries ore of this character throughout the entire length of its outcrop ; but this cannot be absolutely proved without undertaking regular exploratory work, as a comparatively slight shock at the foot of the cliff is sufficient to bring down many tons of rock and stone. This tendency to fall is in great part due to the face of the cliff being composed of vertical columns of basalt, which separate readily at the partings. On the actual face of the outcrop, the show is in many places very poor. Here and there, for the space of a couple of fathoms or more, merely a few faint stains are observable, but in other places distinct patches of malachite occur. The ore appears to have been greatly decomposed near the face of the outcrop, partly, per- haps, by the action of sea-water ; and it may thus, in course of time, have been gradually dissolved out or washed away. The water which infiltrates in places through the bed, holds evident traces of copper salts, as a film of metallic copper has been found on picks and hammers accidentally left in contact with it. The first three or four, or perhaps five feet of the bed (taken from the outcrop generally,) will not certainly give an average yield of one per cent, of metal ; but at a distance of ten or twelve feet, if the present excavations may be taken as a criterion, a yield of at least five or six per cent, may be anticipated (see Assays in § 4). Copper glance contains normally 79*8 per cent, of metallic copper : the presence of a comparatively small amount is sufficient, therefore, to form a paying ore. Malachite, also, although a hydrated carbonate of copper, is comparatively rich in metal, as the copper in pure samples exceeds 57^ per cent. 4. Results of Assays. — A small sample showing faint stains, from the face of the outcrop, yielded in metallic copper only 0.21 per cent. Another sample, also from the face of the out- crop, but containing small specks of earthy malachite, yielded T .S7I ..«»..«...'■.'- Sea Lmifl Seu/.mT€ F FUNDY i upreoiis st/mis. » 'iJWWi I i 1 \ \ \ \ i i %9 V sfr 1 1 iiii&te.^ -■'•f^v •■--,' SKETCH -SECTION ACROSS THE ISLAND -^ U(tarnofp/ti( .Sla/ts and (hru//mirfyffrs r^^^r /uMwr/ 7h/n. D TJun hnd of n (ofnfnnar fmr/ Suh-Co/HmnHf Dfr/j . / 3»,'SI L ill*** mm--'' SeuZewf^ ROSS THE ISLAND OF GRAND MANAN: BAYOFFUNDY (hn(/Imirnftrs, B VJitrssic Sem/lstotw. Jldn hftd of rfff\-UJ