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JOACHIM BARRANDE, ON THE TACONIC ROCKS OF VERMONT AND CANADA. BY JULES MARCOU. CAMBRIDGE: WELCH, BIGEL0T7, AND COMPANY, PBINTKRS TO THE UNIVEBSITT. 1862/ 'y. I i , Vw .;-.fe.:iix^. .A-.i i^-J. A-mS.u.. ..iI2^ X \ . L E T T E R TO M. JOACHIM BARRANDE, ON THE TACONIC ROCKS OF VERMONT AND CANADA. ;i ! Camhridoe, Massachusetts, u4ujrM8< 2,1862. My dear M. Barkande:-- Having just returned from a third exploration of the vicinity of Quebec, and a second visit to Georgia, I shall send you in a few days by express two boxes, containing all the Taconic fossils that I have been able to collect during the two last years, and which form a part of the paleontological collection of the Museum of Com- parative Zoology at Cambridge. You may keep for yourself a specimen of each species when there are duplicates, and when you have studied them, please return the collection, labelled by you, with your remarks and descriptions of new species ; it will be carefully preserved here, as the most precious collection for reference and comparison in the future study of the Taconic System of North America. I will put in the boxes all the specimens of Paradoxides and other Trilobites found by me at Braintree ; also the best specimen of P. Harlani ever found there ; it belongs to my honored friend. Dr. C. T. Jackson, who very kindly consents to send, not only that specimen for your in- spection, but all others in his possession relating to the T.aconic, including a specimen of P. Bennettii of Newfoundand, and a cast of the same from a more complete specimen. Dr. G. M. Hall, and Rev. J. B. Perry of Swanton, sent me last winter a valuable col- lection of primordial fossils from that vicinity, and, lastly. Colonel E. Jewett of Albany contributes a rare collection of fossils from some lenticular masses of limestone enclosed in the Taconic slates near Troy (New York). I should have been deh'ghted to send you some specimens from the author of the Taconic System, Dr. Emmons, but I have not heard from him since February, 1801 ; he resides at Raleigh in North Carolina, and no communication is allowed or possible with him at present. The Geological Survey of Canada possesses a large collection of Taconic fossils, and I tried to obtain for you, and in your name, a single specimen of a pygidium of Dikelocephalus magnijicus, not having been successful in my search for it at Point Ldvis, although I found a large number of the glabella} ; but I received so neat a refusal, that I did not dare to ask anything else. I have already told you that we must not expect any aid, material or intellectual, from that quarter. I shall now be able to finish promptly the memoir with geo- logical maps and sections which I have had in preparation since last year, and I trust it will reach you before the first meeting of the Geological Society in November next ; so that, as you will have the fossils previously, you will be able, on presenting ray memoir for publication in the Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, to give at the same time your views and remarks upon the paleontology of the Taconic rocks. In order to enable you to understand the stratigraphical order, I send you now a very short Resume, with two theoretical sections, containing the correc- tions and important additions which I have made since the publi- cation, in November, 1861,of my first ^eswrne, entitled The Taconic and Lower Silurian Roclcs of Vermont and Canada. (Proceed, of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.) Explanation of Fig. I. — Abstract section for the vicinity of Georgia, St. Albans, Swanton, and Pkilipsburg. I have comprised Philipsburg (Canada East) in the same section with Swanton and Georgia, because the physical geology of these different places is so connected and similar that it is impossible to describe the north- west corner of Vermont without referring to Philipsburg, St. Ar- mand, and Frelighsburg ; and, on the other hand, Canada East cannot well be understood without reference to the discoveries made in Vermont. St. Albans Group. — The granular quartz and quartzite found in semi-stratified lenticular masses at the base of the St. Albans group ought to be included in it, so that the Lower Taconic begins with the Talcose slates so well developed east of St. Albans on the 5<1 to send System, Dr. ary, 1801 ; nunication llection of our name, ijicusj not , although d so neat e already itellectual, with geo- ition since neeting of 3 you will enting my Geologique larks upon nable you »w a very ;he correc- the publi- he Taconic jeed. of the vicinity of comprised anton and t places is the north- », St. Ar- lada East liscoveries } found in ans group igins with IS on the I Fairfield road. This may increase the thickness of the St. Albans group one thousand or fifteen hundred feet, but I will retain the number of 3,000 feet as the minimum thickness of the group. The lower part, with quartz veins and quart/ masses, may be well ob- served near the Georgia railroad station. Tlie Koojiny Slates are above, and can be seen on the line of railroad between St. Al- bans and Georgia. Another fragment of a Trilobite, similar to the one found east of St. Albans, and related to the genus Olentis, but not Avell enough preserved for determination, has been found in this group near Franklin, by Mr. Perry. But the most important discovery in this group was made by Dr. Hall, who found, in one of the len- ticular masses of hard blue limestone at Highgate Falls, the pygi- dium of a small Bathyurus, different from any one yet described. We must look for further discoveries in that lenticular mass of limestone at Highgate Falls. Georgia Slates. — I have studied with the greatest pleasure, under the guidance of Messrs. Perry and Hall, the new locality of Olenellus T/iompsoni Hall, 01. Vermontana Ilall, Conocepha- lites lettcer Bil., Obolella cingulata Bil., Orthisina festinata Bil.> and Camerclla antiquata Bil., found by them, shortly after my visit last year, a mile and a half east of the village of Swanton, on a farm belonging to Dr. Hall, and which I will call Dr. HalPs farm. The rocks are the same as on the farm of Mr. Parker, at West Georgia, and the fossils, though not abundant, are found in frag- ments. I observed here a new feature in this group, which led me to remove higher up in the series the lenticular mass of the Redoute at Point Levis. Two lenticular masses, separated by fifty feet of slates and sandstones, and composed of very hai'd blue, gray, and white limestone, are found on Dr. Hall's farm, r.:-ar the middle and upper part of the group. Fossils are common h- ilicm, and I collected quite a number of Obolella cingulata, Orthisina festi- nata, Conocephalites Teucerf, and a Lingula ; and I am almost cer- tain that Olenellus Thompsoni and O. Vermontana will be found there, just as they were found in a white limestone on the Labra- dor coast last year, by Mr. Richardson. These two masses, which J call Lenticular primordials, because they contain only primordial fossils, are not large, one being 40 feet in diameter, and the other less wide, but more elongated. The last year's estimate of 500 to 600 feet for the thickness was too high, and I now reduce it to 300, as being nearer the truth for the Georgia group. 6 PhiUpshnrg Group. — The Georgia slates arc followed in regu- lar order by at least 1,4*^*'^ feet of light black slates, containing, now ami then, large lenticular masses of limestone, often called in Ver- mont Dove Mtr/Je or EoUan Liineslona of Hitchcock. In some places, as at St. Albans Bay, Smith Kiln, and Swanton, the len- ticular masses are isolated, and form small domes or isolated hills in the n)iddle of the slates ; while at Ilighgate and Philipsburg, the slates, on the contrary, are almost lost in the middle of numer- ous very large lenticular masses of limestone closely packed to- gether, with only a sort of network of slates enclosing them, and forming, as it were, a frame or border. From the mouth of Rock Creek near Ilighgate Spring, as far as Bedford, that is, for a distance of ten miles, and two miles in width, from the lake shore to Four Corners on Moore's Corner, we have an accumulation of lenticular masses originating most probably from mineral springs charged with abundance of carbon- ate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, and oxide of iron. This local- ity presents a most interesting study to the geologist and zoologist, and is, perhajjs, with Point Levis on this continent, and Bruska, Gross-Kuchel, near Prague, in Bohemia, one of the few favored spots for the study of that vexed question, so often talked of, yet so little understood, the origin of species. Yes, my dear M. Bar- rande, we have here at Philipsburg that curious phenomenon which you were the first to discover in Bohemia sixteen years ago, and which you are at present engaged in defending against the attacks of the official geologists of the Austrian Geological Survey. We have what you will call Colonies of the Second Fauna enclosed in the strata containing the Primordial Fauna ; and what I pro- pose to call Precursory Centres of Creation ; that is to say, centres in which the Creator has made to appear forerunners (avnnt- coureurs), species, or generic types, which obtain their full develop- ment only during the following great period. Hitherto the study of these lenticular masses near the boundary-line of Canada and the United States has been limited to the immediate vicinity of Philipsburg and Four Corners ; future researches will no doubt disclose other localities both in Canada and Vermont. For the present, I have tried to give on the abstract section the part of the country between Philipsburg and Four Corners, in following the road to Frelighsburg or exploring the different paths which lead to Eaton's barn and Blanchard's farm. At Four Corners the I I ed in rejjn- aining, now cd in Vev- In sonio on, the len- solated hills 'hilipsburg, of nuiner- packcd to- them, and )ring, as far wo miles in re's Corner, nating most e of carbon- This local- d zoologist, and Bruska, few favored alked of, yet (ear M. Bar- phenomenon in years ago, : against the jical Survey. una enclosed 1 what I pro- say, centres ■ners (avant- full develop- to the study Canada and 3 vicinity of ill no doubt »t. For the the part of in following paths which Corners the I bliifTs of limestone overlooking the houses contain a quantity of Gasteropoda, mostly Murchisnnia Ih/dle Mil,, Aftfoptonui Knlnde IJil., and Miclnrea ; they are enclosed in a hard limestone and very diflicult to obtain, but are very abundant and easily seen on the polished surface of the limestone. Ascending the series, wo come to other lenticular masses near Blancliurd's farm containing Maclurea, Uccutwrnphalus, and Ortltis ; then on reaching the main middle ridge about half-way between Four Corners and Philips- burg, we meet first on the surface of the bluish-gray limestone well-preserved sections of large Litiiites and Orthocenitites. The Lituites Imperalor Bil., and /». Farnnworthii Bil., are (juite common here, but can only be obtained by the laborious process of the stone- cutter. A peculiarity in the rocks, which break in a sort of slaty way, is, that you cannot see the JMuites in the limestone, but only on the polished surface. Fifty feet farther west we meet a layer of hard gray limestone, eight or ten inches thick, psissing into a magnesian limestone charged with a (juantity of oxide of iron, which is easily decomposed by atmospheric agency. This layer, which is only known for a space of one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet, is very remarkable, because it contains an immense (piantity of fossils ; in fact, it is a true lumachella of fJat/ii/nrus Sitjfbrdi Bil., Amphyon Salteri Bil., two new species of JJikcfoccphalns, one Asaphus, Nautilus Pomponius Bil., Cyrtoceras, Orthoceras, Me- toptoma Nlobe Bil., M. Orithyia Bil., Ilolopea Proserpina Bil., Murchisonia Vesta Bil., Pleurotomaria Portunica Bil., Eccxiliom- phalus Canadensis Bil., E. intortiis Bil., E. spiralis Bil., Ophileta complanata Van., Maclurea matutina Hall, Orthis Hyppolyte Bil., Camerella calcifera Bil., crinoides, and one or two very rare corals. Farther west, near Eaton's barn, the Camerella calcifera is quite abundant. Indistinct fossil shells have been indicated on other points near the village of Philipsburg, but no other rich localities for fossils have been found in the Philipsburg group except those indicated above. Several species, such as Camerella calcifera, Murchisonia Vesta, Maclurea matutina, and Ophileta complanata, seem to appear in every lenticular mass, and to range all over the Philipsburg group ; while others, such as Bathyurus Saffordi, Amphion Salteri, Dikelocephalus, Asaphus, are not only confined to a single one of the lenticular masses, but are even there found in a sort of nest, or more probably a true centre of creation. Mr. Billings has already described or identified about 8 twenty species from tlic vicinity of Pliili|mburg, nnd from twenty to thirty remain imdescribed, ho thftt we may aHHimio lifty species as the mimlter of fosrtiU already found in the ditferent lenticuhtr masses of I'hilipsbiirg. Of these, — two Dikclucejthnli and one Menoi'vphulns beloiif,' to the primordial fauna ; tlio two Jtatlnjiiri may be considered as belonging to a geims which is common to the first and second fauna, nnd all the other fossils belong to the second fauna ; several, such as Camerella ailcffera, Madurea watutina, Op/nle/u complanata, and J'Jcculiomphalus intortns, pass into the lower part of the Champlain formation or Calciferoua sandrock. Tiius wc have hero lenticular masses of limestone en- closed in the Upper Taconic, and containing precursory or fore- running species and genera of the second fauna. These rocks dip to the cast at an average angle of about 25°, varying from lo° to 3'>°. There are no faults, no foldings, no repetitions of strata ; and the Philipsburg group of rocks, instead of belonging to the upper part of the Calciferous sandrock, and even to the Chazy limestone, which it has been referred to by Mr. Billings in his memoir entitled, "0« some of the liocks and Fossils occurring near Pliilipshurg, C. E." (see Canadian Geologist, August, 18G1, p. 310), is far below the Potsdam sandstone, and in the middle of the Upper Taconic. Last year my observations in Vermont were more especially directed toward the St. Albans group, the Georgia plates, and the Red sandrock, or Potsdam sandstone, which were then called by Messrs. Logan, Hall, Rogers, and others, Hudson River group, Oneida conglomerate, Medina sandstone, and raetamorphic Devo- nian ; and, as I remained only a few hours at Philipsburg, I adopted without examination the opinions expressed by Mr. Billings, in his memoir above quoted ; but a careful survey this year has convinced me that at Philipsburg, as well as at Point Levis, Mr. BiUings has been misled in giving explanations, and arriving at conclusions, in his paleontological reseai'ches, which are entirely at variance with what exists in nature, — an error that would not have occurred if the paleontologist of the Canada Survey, who does not pretend to be a stratigraphical observer, had been better seconded by the other members of the Survey. Swanton Slates. — The Swanton slates, so well developed all round the village of Swanton, are composed of black slates, inter- stratified, now and then, with thin layers of a marly limestone from 9 twenty nticuliir mil one kttfiyiiri common belong laelurea H8, pass Icif'eroiw tone en- or f'orc- se rocks Tom li)° »f strata ; ig to the ,e Chazy '3 in his ring near 18G1, p. middle of especially s, and the called by lev group, hie Devo- , I adopted ngs, in his convinced illings has elusions, in •iance with accurred if pretend to ly the other veloped all lates, inter- 3stone from two to six inches in thickness. The color varies, and in sumn places they become browni;*!! and griiy. Their thiekne-is cannot be less than two thousand feet. IMr. Perry has found two fi'inp- tolih's in tliem on tlu; sliore of the lake at I'liilipslatrf^ ; and Dr. Hall gave mo specimens of Gniptolltvs print Is His, eolleeted by him at the fall of the river in tiie mi»Mle of the village! of Swanton, where timy arc quite numerous. This discovery is important, l»c- cause, as we have also the (i.pristis from the Utica slates, it proves that species to be a precursor common to the primordial and the second fautue ; conse((uently it is insullicient aU)no to determine the horizon of a system of rocks. Until now, no lenticular masses of Umcstone have been found in the Swanton slates of Vermont ; but I am inclined to believe that there are such masses in the State of New York. For instance, at Troy, near Albany, thi.'re are len- ticular masses of blue limestone enclosct in the Swanton slates, and which contain sporadic types or precursory species of the sec- ond fauna, as you will see from the collection made in one of them by Colonel Jewett. Potsdam Sandstone. — I have little to add to what I said last year of this group. As I told you, being the capping grouj) in the overturn of the Taconic system, where it found a point of resist- ance, such as all along the terra firma of the Adirondack IMoimtains, it broke into narrow, parallel bands, which have rested en echelons uj)on the different groups of the Upper Taconic. The Potsdam sandstone enters Canada, and crosses the Frelighsburg road at Krantz's mill, but does not appear north of Missisquoi County. As regards what I called last year the Utica slate of Ilighgatc Springs, I am inclined now to think that tho?ax IJil., the Plan mi de la f Crown :e every rom the IS Point satisfied tnd that re acci- 4 dents, conllnod to a distance of a few feet, and are without any efl'ect U[)on the whole mass of s rata, hut are what W(^ call in French strurturc ploi/i'c (contorted hcds). You will ask. what becomes of the discordance of stratification that I indicali-d last year, as existin{2; between the Rcdoiite :ind the Strafn dr Id trrre (fa Clin'. Th(M-e is, in truth, Isere, as well as at rhilipsbiirjj; and St. Albans, a dilVerenee of direction between the masses of slates and the liuiest«)nes near the contact of the two rocks ; but I feel assured now that this diflference is due to tlu^ <:;lobular form of some of the lenticular masses of limestone enclosed in the slates, iho slat(;s followin}i; the direction of the {^lolmlar mass, instead of running in a straight line, which gives to the whole, at first vi(!W, a sort of discordance of stratification that in truth t of slates intcrstratitiod with some beils of magnesiaii eongh)merate and yellow saudslone. These mass»!s are almond-shaped and (juite flat, from ten to twenty I'eet broad, and one huntlred to one hundred and fifty feet long, and the lime- stone, although (piite hard, is less so than at the Hedoiite. Tn order to understand the localities, \ shall call the first almond, that is the most easterly and the nearest to the Uedoiite, Pitrorhial Hill, because it is the only one crossed by the I'arochial boundary- line between the parishes of Notre Dame and St. .loseph. The second shall be called Middle Jlitl, while the third, which is the broadest, and close by the houses of the village, shall be called Croats Hill, because a consi)ieuons Temperance Cross has b(!en erected on it. The limestone of Parochial Ilill contains numerous fossils, espe- cially Jiaflnjurus Saffhrdi Hil., li. Cordai Hil., /i. bitubercidatns Hil., li. ohloiKjKS Uil. ; Ariuiicllus, n. sp. ; /'Jccidiomplialiis Cana- densis \V\l., K intorfiis Hil. ; Plciirofoinaria rarfrans Mil. ; 7'. Pos- tnima Bil.; Mvtoptoma Iliine Uil., M. Aiajiista \V\\.\ Camnrl/a ndci/i'ra Bil., Ijcpla'aa sordida Hil., A. deii/ticns Hil.; Oiiliis fjcni- viirula Bil., O. TriU)))la Bil., O. Plertra Bil., O. //i/>p,>l,/fe Bil., 0. /'Jiiduria Bil.; Strickland ia? Aravlinc Bil., which indicates a centre of creation or /jentirular precursors of species of the seciond fauna enclosed in the primordial zone, analogous and most certainly eontemporaneous with the lenticular precursors of the I'hilipsbnrg group. 12 The limestone of the Middle Hill contains also numerous fossils, some identical with those found at Parochial Hill, such as liathy- urus Saffordi and Camerella calcifera, and some new species, such as Ghcirurus Apollo, Illcenus, Asaphus, and several Orthoceratitcs undescribed. The whole indicates a centre of creation, or colony containing precursory species and prophetic types and genera of the second fauna. At Cross Hill I found only Camerella calcifera, but probably other species will be found there also. I have taken the greatest care to ascertain that these three hills are really lenticular masses, and are not a repetition of each other ; that they arc independent, although belonging to the same subdi- vision of the Point Levis group, which I shall continue to call Strata de la terre du Cure, We have here, as at Philipsburg, about fifty species, and several of them are identical with those of the latter locality. Two or three of the Terre du Cure species are primordial, while all the others belong specifically or generically to the second fauna. When you have received the boxes of fossils, you will be better able than I am to give a correct list of them for each of the different lenticular masses. The strata of the 2Wre da Cure are about five hundred feet thick. Succeeding them is a group of slates containing numerous layers of marly limestone and conglomerate. In the cliff near the Ferry are found, besides numerous compound Graptolidce, the fol- lowing fossils : Obolella desiderata Bil. ; Lingida Irene Bil., L. Que- lecensis Bil., and Shumardia gramdosa Bil. ; an ensemble more nearly related to the primordial than to the second fauna. These rocks have a thickness of about five hundred feet ; they form the most northern part of the cliff of Point Levis opposite Quebec, and are seen with their Graptolidce on the island of Orleans, near the village Montcalm. I shall call them Strata of the Ferry's Cliff, and consider them with the Strata of the Terre du Cure as forming the Point Levis group, and the whole as contemporaneous with the Philipslmrg group of Vermont and Missisquoi county. Quebec Group. — The city and citadel of Quebec, and the plain extending between the city, Beaupoi't, Charlesbourg, and Indian Lorette, is formed by a great group of black slates, sometimes gray and even reddish, containing now and then, but more especially at the base, numerous layers of blue limestone. Boulders of lime- stone of quite a large size may be seen in the slates, as at Mountain Street, in the interior of Quebec. These rocks are almost destitute 13 In In tn of fossil remains; but Mr. Richardson has found at the Isle of Orleans GraptoUtes pristis His. ; the same that has been found at Swanton Falls, which is common also in the Utica slates. I regard the Quebec group as contemporaneous, and representing at Quebec the Swanton slates of Vermont ; although they appear to be more developed, having at least a thickness of 2,400 feet. Potsdam Sandstone. — The Potsdam Sandstone does not exist in the District of Quebec, and I did not see a single trace of it north of the Grand Trunk Railroad from Richmond to Montreal. Probably, if these rocks were ever deposited in that region, not finding any point of resistance close by, as in the Adirondack country, they slipped under all the other strata in the overturn of the Taconic, and have been entirely concealed from view by the succeeding groups. My first impression, published from my old manuscript notes of 1849, in our memoir On the Primordial Fauna and the Taconic St/stem, with regard to the Champlain or Lower Silurian rocks found northwest of Quebec, which form a narrow band running from St. Anne to Montmorency, Beauport, Charlesbourg, and In- dian Lorette, is the right one. These rocks have been deposited horizontally upon the very much inclined Upper Taconic strata, as can be seen in several places at Beauport, Charlesbourg, and Petit Ruisseau ; the subsequent denudation and upheaval has formed chasms in the soft gray shales of the Quebec group, more especially near their contact with the quartzite, as at Montmorency Falls and Indian Lorette, into which the Lower Silurian st-i.ta have slipped and been in this manner, as it were, boxed up and pre- served from the following great denudations which have swept away a great part of that formation in the valley of the St. Lawrence. The section of Montmorency Falls shows a fine example of this slipping of the Silurian rocks, but the denudation caused by the fall has already reached the contact of the Silurian strata with the Taconic slates, and the water at the foot of the fall passes now under the Trenton limestone. As you may see from what precedes, I consider the second view taken by the Geological Survey of Canada to be as erroneous as the first one, and entirely at variance with the facts as they exist at Quebec. Obliged to reply to the publication of your letter of August 14, 1860, and my additional notes upon the vicinity of Quebec, Mr. Logan endeavored to throw all the blame upon the 14 paleontological views of Mr. James Hall ; and in his incomprehen- sible letter to you, written December 31, 1860, ten days after his reception of our memoir, to which he carefully avoids any allusion, in order to shield the blunder of Hudson River group and metamor- phic Upper Silurian and Devonian, he has recourse to a break with an overlap, complicated with fault, synclinal and anticlinal axis, un- intelligible lettered outcrops or so-called outcrops, diving apparatus to explore the bottom of the St. Lawrence, — in fact, he calls to his aid all the most complicated phenomena of disturbance pre- served in the arsenal of dynamic geology, candidly believing that an official geologist may reconcile incorrect observations and false theories by using big words and technical expressions. I should not have recalled the mistakes of Mr. Logan, if that geologist had not published a sort of contradiction of my observa- tions, in a little memoir, entitled " Considerations relating to the Quebec Group," &c., (see Canadian Geologist, May, 1861,) in which he gives two most fantastic sections, — calling quartzite, gneiss ; a slip, a fault ; a regular superposition, an overlap ; the Swanton slates, Hudson River shales ; sandstone of the Cham- plain group, Potsdam sandstone, &c. Besides, in a new paleon- tological memoir just published (June 6, 1862) under his direction as Superintendent of the Geological Survey of Canada, Mr. Billings has taken pains to give new lists of fossils from what he calls limestone No. 1 and No. 3 of Point Levis, in which he gives names of species common to Nos. 1 and 3, contrary to my conclu- sions of last year, that I found no mixture whatever of fossih of the second fauna in the lenticular primordials of the Redoute. Mr. Billings says : " I have never visited the locality of the limestones at Point Levis but once, and that was a few days after the Trilobites were collected. On that occasion I found very few fossils, and made no attempt to study the stratigraphy of the place, which is much complicated." Notwithstanding that declaration, Mr. Billings maintains his imaginary divisions of limestone, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and proceeds at length, drawing conclusions for the syn- chronism of the Point Levis limestones. Fearing that my first unsuccessful attempt last year to understand the explanations of Messrs. Logan and Billings might be my own fault, I tried very hard this year again when at Point Levis, but with no letter suc- cess ; and I left Point Levis fully convinced that the fossils de- scribed by Mr. Billings, and the so-called outcrops A^, A3, A4, etc. en- his on, or- ith un- itUS to (re- hat ilse hat va- the in ;ite, the am- !on- tion nga alls ives clu- ''Of the fter few ace, ion, 5.1, iyn- first s of rery suc- de- etc. 15 In passing „,„„,, jj^ Gool„g,e„, Survey, „„j ,„,, „ ™' ">» PuHio Maseum of ,,,« 2, 3. and „„.er„p. A, A„ A., "L 17™' ""'f ^'•"•«'™o Nos. 1, containing specfe, c^JoXVl iTJT^ ''' "'■ ^Hings a of -pecraen, had been made and n^ , , ' ^ '"" """ » ""-"nre ber o .,,e Survey, „i,„ « ^etrjet'f '"T"''"^ » "»■■ I finally obtained the answer, tluLT''^^''^'' S™""! in ''•''H containing fesil, „„■;„. ' "f ' , '" ^•'™'« '™ not k„„„„ ^ far, that Limestone N„ , JZf 7 ""'' ^""'cations of ia!^ feet in diameter, found y LonT' '' T °"'^ » *°"'*'-- ™ Kcdouteand the K,« rf/o^ /„ „" L™"""?' ^°" """ween the bouldor is very rich in Trilobites' Z,l T '^° """"'-'"■'"• ^liat •hem. I, eame wi.l,„„. ^.^^^ " '"'"o'' » complete mass of pomt out the exact spot from wl« it ' af f °"r ' """ ' '"» «<"»' Jr ''^''" carefully e„|,ee,ed, and the ,7', "'"' '"''•"""' "f'' Mttseum, with the e«epti„„ of a few 11* " P™'"^™" - the tenbuted in the United States atl nTTV""" "™ "'cn geoJog„t« than ourselves. But „ ° , "«'""''• '" -"e'-c favored <.e Limestone No. S, or outf^;! wJrr' ^^ '""■ »enMers , W^t«« scattered over the Terl 7 C ° "' "" *"«'*- »■• 'f-t No. 3 as well as No. 1 „aC fr^ fClT ' "" ""' "<»"" V^"-^ very „a.„ra||^ .^^ «^ ™!, ^ , "*'"" ' "'"c'- ex- Nos. I and 3. Thus you sre «!^ ""'''^ "^ *eeies between of Point Levis was eotl^tld ^y^J^ '" r"''} «- exploration """ '« fa not strange that we could n f ^°*°"* "f Canada, planations. e couid not understand their ex- I liope this statement will be nf „ future .ore care and application t^uZV^^'f ""' ^"^ ^'^^^ ^ of Canada, by those intrusted by t,. "^'"" *''^ geology -''h the duty of exploring^' 'en ' ^""""'"^ «^ ^'^^ ^olofy ture and its mineral wealth ^ ''"^ "^^'^ ^^^ S^^^ogical struck Very truly, your friend, JULES MARCO U. i § Lel.trl t.o 1 COMEARATIVE TABFLiUl SECTIONS OF ' IN VERMONT AND LOW Fil^. 1. Abstract Section for th^ vn'mity nf nt-«r0]H., S'' AlhiiTu^ .jwa'ntoii and rhi.lirishiii !'» . Bj Jules Afercou. I'hi' Chainplujii rods (EmiTiT)iir,),or Criinhruin rtick,':; ( ;jnd"(^wick), or Lower: lojlunarL roclcs ("Mi POTNUAAI :u>o /'f SWANTON SI.ATKS. { PHILIPSBCRG GROUP. \ /40ff ff GEORGIA SLATES. Doloraitic conglomerate Red sand.'jluae . Doloimt.e . I Q .Slat p.',' witli (Jriif/f4>/t'J/r//s jt/rf'.v/^ls' f oWfHit.on'.'.; fnll.'i) PracurHor ! • ^=^^ iTfYr/'/4j////re/s ( PhilipslDurg s sltore jenticu-TsLi- PreciojKSors . y Lenticular Precursors . L exvti cijilax PTecursors. L enti cxil ox Pre cut s or s . LerLticular Precursors. Yi ^' } Lenticular rmaordials Xfllro/iil/M . Tl (fle/if//i/s T/totir/fsofli , etc . \0rUu'suM^. Lenticular B-iiTLordials. & G CJirotti/^Yes, OM^irnM ra*l4ir.fa ■■ YelLow sard stone vnlXv tf/wl^//i/ ■ Lt^'t'i *•*' ^'l .lo.Mcluiii IV.uinrlo Pii Uif- Tacfjiuc ruck^j ol VeniiujU, uiuL Ciiujcifi TIONS OF THE UPPER TA( ONIC ROCKS AND LOWER CANADA, y Jules Afarcou. 'ambriclpe.AuPusl Z'^IBfi?,. Tl^. 'i^. .'\})Kti-.irt r;ec;Uon for Mip vicinrtf ol Pnnitt^ Lpti.^, jwer 'jjluriavL rocks (Murchi. son), overlie thr; Tacoiue .vAiata m diacordcinc^' ot Ktratiiication.. nerate f\n Ux f'4>rn>€'eiiffi4t//'/€:*' POTSDAM SANDSTOHTK QlTEBKt: ^ ) Prt) cursor ! • nlipshurc s sliore jKSors ursors Mot. .setMi N 01 ill of Misaisqiioi CounLy "■-a ' -i ■ ■■ 'i am; -I" I ■ T" T- ■ _ ■ ,-1- g;J..«^lL L :r I T".L J^ L^ ■i-ruT zz: ^^";^7=T Oi'cliais \(H,0i4t//M . hedoittr w///, etc. {(frUusuia. 'uaj'"*^ ax. -343 &G1LM0UR S^ r^ 'III 1 — r (oloiiie ^"'^f*'^''^^^ ra/ri/tVit. rTio- ■ ' „ " '"„ .J iJ.i!-! R , . Prunordiala. g^S^^^^s "'^ t'f Orleijiio l.-.l and) Fj tcnrsor! (Mountain stieet jn t.lif.- Cily of Quebec) C'ongloruerale. (>/fot4'//tf (/c'sit/crfr/ft . Compuuiid f,'n*/>Ui////^t' fPohiLe J,e\nr.-i and Orleaiia island .,) SJut/fia/r/j^i . Magneaiaa con glomerate Croo s hill .{ i, entmul ar Pr eciu'sors' Mi(idJelnJ[r(Lentir;ulai-Pi-ecm-sors; tJaiidstOTie . Pai'ooliiallijJl ( LenUc.Prenuxsors' Sands; tone LcloTtuUc coatflornerate . o tVi/y^/n//'//'.i I lU] sv: our ' !=. wai-f VniMPSJllTliG r.KOlTP. V Mar/t/n'ii.' SIjVTE.S, ST ALBAXS GROUP. Miifv/tfWo/ffa . (//t/u'/i'Af . fO-//i/'.s- \t^ Lt'ii.t.LCular I'reciiriiora . l.i'iil iiMilur- PTf-f^iir.sorrt L, fe n 1 1 ( : n 1 ar Pie mu" .s or fi H , . I ., T 1 {(iumityf/ut//'/fs. I.PTilicul'U" PriMiordial-s \iH»oM/a (Hfiit'/ZttJi 7'/ft>/f//'.-f>fff , ^Ic ■ yOrf/if'smu . i.eiiliculrir Priiiutrdial.s . ('//fVffi//A's, (f///a////iir rut//i//ff ■ Yellow .'ianci.sUaiP, vvtlh tf/'t//^//// . Mild tinfu'fi'f/tf iittftf/t/tf/if . c LeiilKnilar mua.: nf very hard blue "' liiueHloiie c(jnLainin(5 Ra/Jii/u/'i/s A\.. s^. {?/i'/r//.s- f SL.Albmis and Ti-anJdiu.) Roof in 6 Slates o THAI & SILLET J(ft) Slates witlL cpitutz vein.s \and seini-sti-atified. masses of c£Liart7. S emi- stiati.fi ed mass o£ Qaaitz, Quartzite, coiigloTiierate ,Talcose slates, Cnstalline LnnestoiLe, Slates, etc. of tlie Lower Taconic . J WTarroTL del Uijora r.sorrt 1 , \ti"fft*yVu///'/f.v. ■t>///,elc. \Or//u.iiHa. ////// nft//if/a : "/ff/ffff^f Z^'? & CIILMOITR GROUP. very htird lihie 1) s and "Fi'anJdaiL.'i 5 . rHAUDIEHE & SILLERY GROirP.{ 3i u-tz vein.s ified. masses 111! '• ..IS'!.". ..iiiil (,>rle;ju. i.ilmu.i S/ij$/tttHi/ni M apnea i«a con glomerate Ci-03s h.ill.{I.Rntrf;alnvIJreciii"soiy) MiddJe-hill'('''ntu.'iilni- Precursors JjmidatoT.ip F'HioclualliiH (liC'iitic Prucurnors] litmnr/t/iir/f'/i'x/fiit'/Anv/'/itt/m Ah'f/t'i vyj/m ///.*. /it//////i/n/^:i'/r. .'JcJ luliil.ijrK' Dolornitjr coiifJlouieratc i'/i/yt/nM^V ^ Gilniour's wai-IJ " I ■ I — Sand;.; !.oti e Sandst-orio ^ ('Cliaudnere's bnd^e \ Grand Ttuj* R. P^"" CiT-stalliTie liine s to ae, SJ a Les, Qua rtzite, Copper pyrites of Acton vale, conpioTnerate, etc. of. tJie LoTver Taconic J Mnver 4 Co 3 l.iOi Boston i\ It ■If