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Las diagrammas suivants iliustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 rr^TT AND THB GOLD FIELDS OP THK YUKON, KOYUKUK, TANANA .KLONDIKE AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES, s 1 - • V NORTH TRA AND EST. 1882. BY THE -AMERICAN ASPORTATION fRADING Co. GENERAL OFFICES: THE ROOKERY, - CHICAGO, ILL. 1.755 PACIF 8E ■IC COAST OFFICE: :attle, wash. 'I t- WHOLESALE DEALERS IN. Hardware, Iron, Steel, Etc. Shelf Hardware and Cotlery, Mining, Hilling and Logging Supplies, PoTder, Caps and Fnse. SHIP CHANDLERY, )e and Cordage. SPECIALTY. JtJtJtJkjkjkjkjkjkjkjkjkjtjt LIBRARY MONTREAL OFFICE IE, WASHINGTON. I { \ r^ ■ Of la O is al 1 ALASKA AND THE i GOLD FIET.DS North Amerian Transportation & Trading Company. DRAFTS PAYABLE IN ALASKA. For the convenience of persons wishing: to send funds to friends or representatives in Alaska, and for those wishing to avoid carrying a large amount of currency on their person to Alaska ; the Chicago Office of the North American Transportation and Trading Co. issues drafts on their Posts at Dawson, Fort Cudahy and Circle City at a Minimum charge of 2 per cent. These drafts are payable in gold dust at the current rate of exchange, which in J898 was calcu- lated at $16.00 per ounce. Apply to Chicago Office, 729-73J Rookery Bufldhig. •^^ BY THE NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION AND TRADING CO. Ttie AiCtIc tnstitjt© of Horth America I. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN. Hardware, )e and Cordage. t h \ ") SPECIALTY. Jtjkjkjkjtjkjijtjtjkjijk^jt LIBRARY MONTREAL OFFICE IE, WASHINGTON. m'^'^-^: ALASKA AND THE GOLD FIELDS OF THE Yukon, KoyukukTanana KLONDIKE AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. i I. . I 1 BY THE NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION AND TRADING CO. (( The AiXtic !nstltjt« or f\Q(^ America . i fILflSKA / Til presenting this pamphlet to the public we do ^.o, giving them the most authentic information that it is possible to get in regard to ibis new and wonderful country. The great extent of the Yukon 1-lasin necessitates the publication of this pamphlet each year as the developments made by its mining and prospecting population are so rapid that new matter is absolutely essential in order that the outside V orld may keep thoroughly posted and up to date on Alaska matters. AVith each ariival from the interior of Alaska, new stories of rich strikes are brought down and the steady stream of northbound pros- pectoi-s increases. There is no country at present that offers such pplendid opportunities to the young man as Alaska. If he has capital he can purchase and develop mines or engage in business of various kinds. If he is without means he can locate a mine and work it for himself or he can secure employment through many dififercnt sources ai ,!;■(>(>(! wages. The transportation facilities have been so increased during the past year iliat the trip from Seattle to any Yukon point, instead of being one of hardshi)), is really a recreation trip, landing the passenger at destination full of new life and vigor. Supplies of all kinds can now be purchased at any of the N. A. T. & T. Co.'s numerous stores, at reasonable prices. ti NOKTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION AND TRADING COMPANY. mu.rr "'f^-'A 'ffff fiOi riA r s- 13 J^ f|istor2 of tfie (on)p3n2. The history of the North American Trans})ortalion and Trading Company exhibits a remarkable growth, and is largely due to the business genius, courage and executive ability of Portus B. Weare, John Cudahy and Capt. John Healy. It was Capt. Ilealy who in 3892 induced P. B. Weare and John Cudahy to invest in what has l)roven to be such a successful enterprise. Capt. Healy had for a number of years been identified with mining and trading on the frontier of Montana and Idaho, and just previous to the time he saw Mr. Weare and Mr. (Judahy, had been conducting a trading post at Dyea, Alaska, for seven years. It was here that he heard from pros- pectors coming out from tiiC interior that the Yukon country offered great opportunities for the establishment of a trading and transpor- tation company that would work in harmony with the natives and try and build up the country. It was with this view in sight that he landed in Chicago and found a congenial mind in P. B. Weare, who aided him in establishing a companv with a paid up capital of $50,000. In April, 1893, J. J. Healy, J. C. Rarr and C. H. Hamilton came to Seattle in company with Mr. Weare. Here they chartered the steamer "Alice Blanchard", sailing for St. Michaels in July, and taking with them material and machinery for a river steamer, the "P. B. Weare"; also a stock of 300 tons of supplies. They landed at St. Michaels after a voyage of 29 days, and there put together the river steamer, starting up the Yukon in the latter part of September, -f^rst, however, building a log house at St. Michaels and leaving an Indian in charge. At Nulato, about 600 miles up the river, the steamer unfortunately was frozen in for the winter, which put a stop to operations that year. As soon as the river opened in 1893, the steamer proceeded on her voyage and arrived at Fort Cudahy, where the company established its first trading post. In the summer of 1894 another stock of supplies was sent in 8 13715 via St. Michaels, where a post wafl now ostabhshcd. This shipment was met at St. Michaels by the steamer *'Wcare" aixl successfully car- ried to Forty Mile, the post at Ft. Cudahy doing a constantly increas- ing business. Capt Healy came out in the fall of '94, for the first time. He went direct to Chicago and purchased the supply of goods -for the . ensuing year, and returned to Alaska with them. In the meantime the capital of the company was increased to $100,000. A new post at Circle City was established in 1895, and the post at St. Michaels considerably enlarged. Mr. Ely F. Wearc, ai that time president of the company, went in to Alaska in the spring of 1896, taking with him a large supply of merchandise. The second river bont, the "John J. Healy," was built this year, but no new posts were established, although the one at St. Michaels was again enlarged. The capital stock of the company was increased to $450,000 and Mr. Michael Cudahy, Fmest A. Hamill and Chas. L. Hutchinson taken into mem- bership. It was in 1897 that tlio attention of the world was directed to Alaska, and it was a notable year for the N. A.. T. & T. Co. A third river boat was built, the "C. H. Hamilton," and stations opened at Wcare and Rampart. Two hotels were built at St. Michaels, each having a capacity of 200 guests, and large docks and warehous< were Luilt under the direction of the company's agent. lii the winter of '97 the contract was let for four new river boats, the "John Cudahy," "T. C. Power," "J. C. Barr" and "Klondike," and the capital of the company was increased to $1,000,000. The elegant ocean S. S. Roanoke was purchased in the spring of 1898, and placed on the Seattle-St. Michaels run. She is a beautiful steamer and very popular with Alaska travelers. Capt. Healy came out on the last trip of the "Roanoke" in the fall of '98, and arranged for the purchase of merchandise for the various stores in Alaska for the 1899 trade. A change in officers was made at the annual meeting of the directors and stockholders, whose names will be found on a succeeding page. 4 ( C I r f: ■(hiprncnt Fully car- j increas- nic. H(! ^ -for the . neantime new post Michaels sident of '\\\^ with tie "John :ablished, e capital Michael ito mem- rected to A third •pened at lels, eiicli ISO- were ^er boats, ondike," spring of beautiful ily came aiTanged aska for meeting nd on a OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. Following a a list '^f the officers of the North American Transportation and Trading Company with their several addresses. Little more need be said of them than that they are gentlemen of integrity and high standing, most favorably known to the public in connection with this interest, and that their names alone are a guarantee of the company's resolve to do all that is possible for the welfare and convenience of in- tending settlers in Alaska. EXECUTIVE. MICHAEL CUDAHY, President, JOHN H. DWIGHT, Vice-President, JOHN J. HEALY, General Manager, C A. WEARE, Treasurer. ULRIC KING, SecV & Asst. Treas., Chicagfo, III. Chicagfo, 111. Dawson, N. W. T. Chicagfo, 111. Chicagfo, 111. Directors. MICHAEL CUD All/, - - . - Chicago, 111. JOHNCUDAHY, Chicago, lU. J.H.DWIGH'^ Chicago, m. P. B. WEARE, Chicago, 111. C A. WEARE, Chicago, 111. ELY E. WEARE, - - - - Dawson, N. W. T. JOHN J. HEALY, - Dawson, N. W. T. TRAFFIC. A. N. GRAY, General Traffic Manager, Chicago, 111. E. G. McMICKEN, GenT Frt. and Passenger Agent, Seattle, Wash. ACCOUNTING. R. S. BUCHANAN, Auditor, LEGAL. FREDERICK BAUSMAN, Attorney, Chicago, 111. Seattle, Wash* GENERAL OFFICES, 729-731 THE ROOKERY, CHICAGO, ILL. ^ PACIFIC COAST OFFICE: * Cor. Yesler and Occidental Aves., Seattle, Wash. . . 5 ■J ' ■ * ■_ . • ! • {\\c (ou)pdDi's ileadqOarters, ~\^'^') C*) AND STORES. V* «JC 4«tC Since the establishment of the North American Transportation and Trading Co., stores and offices ha v. been opened and maintained at the following placesT GENERAL OFFICES: 729-731 THE ROOKERY. CHICAGO, ILL. PACIFIC COAST OFFICE: Cor Yesler and Occidental Avenues, Seattle, Washington. ALASKA HEADQUARTERS. HEALY, St. Michaels Island. HAMILTON, Yukon River. WEARE, Yukon River. " PEAVY, Koyukak River, RAMPART, Yukon River. FORT YUKON, Yukon River. ; ' CIRCLE, Yukon River. EAGLE, Yukon River. ' FORT CUDAHY, Yukon River. DAWSON, Yukon River. arters, id Trading Co.» ing places: ILL. o a cd c CO s 2 H O o H H < a o 2 a a « rukon River. Tukon River. North Ainericao TraBspflrtatioo^.& Tradiog'Co. Fleet. OOBAN STEAMSHIPS. "S. S. EOANOKE" — Lloyds register, Al. Iron hull, three decks, single screw. Length, 300 feet; beam 41 feet. Tonnage, 1664; passenger capacity, 500; electric lighted. Speed, 15 knots; draft, 18 feet. Engines, Compound Surface Condensing. Armament, one one-pounder rapid fire maxim gun. RIVER STEAMERS— M^rffight at^d J»ashe««rcr. "J. C. BARE"— Iron hull; fiat bottom; stern wheel. Built 1898; registered tonnage 160; electric lighted. Fastest trip St. Michaels to Dawson, 15 days. "P. B. WEARE"— Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Built 1892; registered tonnage, 300. "JOHN J. HEALY"— Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Built 1896; registered tonnage, 300. "JOHN CUDAHY"— Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. ' . Length, 190 feet; beam, 32 feet; electric lighted. Built 1898; registered tonnage, 250. Fastest trip St. Michaels to Dawson, 12^ days; round trip, 18^. "C. H. HAMILTON^'— Wood hull; flat bottom; stem wheel. Length, .^90 feet; beam, 32 feet; electric lighted. Built 189V; registered tonnage, 250. , "T. C. POWER"— Wood huU; flat bottom; stern wheel. Length, 190 feet; beam, 32 feet; electric lighted. . Built 1898; registered tonnage, 250. RIVER STEAMBRS-E:r0i{iht Only. "KLONDIKE"— Wood hull; flat bottom; stem wheel. Built 1898; tonnage, 75. Towing capacity, 500 tons. "ST. MIoHAELS"— Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Tonnage, 60; towing capacity, 300 tons. . OCEAN TUG. . "ERNEST A. HAMILL"— Iron hull and house. Length, 105 feet; beam, 23 feet; tonnage, 163. Built 1898; depth of hold, 9 feet 3 inches. Two engines, 550 horse power each. OCEAN SAILlNCt VESSELS. "SCHOONER MARY ANN"— Wooden hull; freighter; tonnage, 160. "SCHOONER EDITH"— Wooden hull, freighter; tonnage, 20. LAUNCHES. "CELIA"— Wood hull; tonnage 60. "NORDICA"— Wood hull; tonnage, 80. RIVER FREIGHT BARGES. "J. J. MITCHP]LL"— Wood hull; flat bottom. Built 1898; tonnage, 180. "C. L. HUTCHINSON"— Wood hull; flat bottom. Built 1898; tonnage, 180. "No. 3"— Wood hull; flat bottom. Built 1898; tonnage, 180. , , MICHAEL CUDAHY, President. 8 If i 1 ■ ■■ i j 1 JOHN J. HEALY, Oeaeral Manatirer. 10 u CHAS. A. WEAKE, Treasurer. 11 ii I .; PORTUS B. WEARE, Director. 12 A JOHN CUDAHY, Director. 13 w ; ELY E. WEARE, Director. 14 *vA^.. 15 ih 16 GaloviQ Bay and Pish River District. 17 !l > 1 ! 11 THE ALASKA TERRITORY. Nuggets of Fact. Some striking facts about Alaaka and its great river are h^ thrown together, in their briefest form, so as promptly to inform t] reader of Uie vastness and vahie of this wonderland of the north: Alaska became ours S2 years ago. Its coast line is 26,000 miles. Area in square miles, 531 ,409. Gold first discovered in 1878. It has the greatest sejil fisheries. Whole forests break into the sea. It has the greatest salmon fisheries. It runs 1,500 miles west of Hawaii. It has the largest river in the world. Some streams are bridged by glaziers. Estimated present population, 100,000. Product of gold in 1898, $14,000,000. Snow shoes are needed in the country. It has the best yellow cedar in the world. Avalanches in the interior are unknown. \ It has cod banks that beat Newfoundland. It makes San Francisco east of our center. It is as large as the South, including Texas. The salmon pack for 1898 was 285,000 cases. The Treadwell is one of its greatest gold mines. It has the highest mountains in North America. It is eight times as large as all of New England. Estimated product of gold to date, $55,000,000. Alaska is two and one-half times as large as Texas. It has the only forest-covered glacier in the world. Some wood is beautifully polished by glacier action. Owing to dryness there is not much suffering from cold. Principal occupations of the natives, hunting and fishing. When Ala.ska was annexed it only had 430 whiite residents. One smaJl tribe makes $20,000 a year from silver-fox skins. The Indian name "Al-ay-<'k-sa" means "the great coimtry." Governor of the territoiy, James D. Brady; residence at Sitka. Klondike in English is Deer River. The river is so designated on the maps. The Klondike River is 40 ysirds wide at its mouth. Water shallow and clear — 'blue in color. Purchased in 1867 from Russia for $7,200,000; the purchase nego- tiated by William H. Seward. The necessary eruptive force for the formation of great fissure veins is everywhere evident in Alaska. Population (census of 1890,) 30,329, of whom but 4,416 were whites, 8,400 Esquimaux, and 13,735 Indians. 18 The Arctic Institutti of North America TORY. great river are here roinptly to inform the ind of the north: es. en. nd. 00. >rl(l. id ion. roin cold, and fisJiiji^'. lite residejits. f^er-fox skins, ■eat country." idence at Sitka. 7eT is so designated Lith. Water shallow the purchase nego- on of great fissure >ni but 4,416 were Principal mountains: Mount Logan, altitude 19,500 feet; Mount St. Klias, 18,100; Mount Wrangel, 17,500 feet. l*rincipal cities: Sitka (the capital), .Funcau, Skaguay, Healy, Weare, Rampart, Circle City, h^agle ('ity and (^udahy. It is as large as all the States cast of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio, including Virginia and West Virginia. Yukon gold fields are partly in American and partly in British territory, the product is disposed of in the ITnited States. Hints for Trail and Camp. The following bits of suggestion were based on the experience ol the Klondike pioneers and will apply at least in part to all Alaskan gold-seekers: On the road to the gold diggings, don't waste a single ounce ot anything, even if you don't like it. Put it away, and it will come handy when you do like it. If it is ever necessary to cache a load of provisions, put all articles next to the ground which would be most affected by heat, providing at the same time that dampness will not affect their food properties to any great extent. After piling your stuff, load it over carefully with heavy rocks. Take your compass bearings, and also note in your pocketbook some land marks near by, and also the direction in which they look from your cache — i. e., make your cache, if possible, come between cxactely north ahd south of two given prominent marks. Tn tiiis way, even though covered by snow, you can locate "your exist- ence." Don't forget that it is so. Shoot a dog, if you have to, behind the base of the skull, a horse between the oar.s, langing downward. Press the trigger of your rifle; don't pull it; don't catch hold of the barrel when thirty degi'ees below is registered. Watch out for getting snow in your barrel. If you do, don't shoot it out. A little dry grass or hay in the inside of your mitts, next your hands, will promote great heat, especially when it gets damp from the moisture of your hands. After the mitts are removed from the hands, remove the hay from the mitts and dry it. Failing that, throw it away. If by any chance you are traveling across a plain (no trail) and a fog comes up, or a blinding snow storm, either of which will prevent your taking your bearings, camp and «lon't move for anyone until all is clear again. Keep all your drawstrings on clothing in good repair. Don't for- get to use your goggles when the sun is bright on snow. A fellow is often tempted to leave them off. Don't you do it. If you build a sledge for extreme cold, don't use steel runners. Use wooden and freeze wat^r on same before starting out. Repeat the process, if it begins to drag and screech. If you cannot finish your rations for one day, don't put back any part, but put into your personal canvas outfit bag; you will need it later on. Take plenty of tow for packing possible cracks in your boat; also .wo pounds of good puty, some canvas and, if possible, a small can of tar or white lead. m Ill I I ! i 1 ' 1 is Greeco-Russian Clmrch, Uoalaska. - "S. a. Hoanoke," Loaded with Gold Seokers, Leavinsr Seattle for Healy, St. Michael's Island, 189,s. 90 '■ 1 > ^«:« n« Seattle Establish camp rules, especially regarding the food. Allot ra- tions; those while idle should be less than when at work, and also jpro rata during heat and cold. Keep your furs in good repair. One little slit may cause you un- Itold agony during a march in a heavy storm. You cannot tell when isuch will be the case. Travel as much on clear ice towards your goal as possible in the spring. Don't try to pull sledges over snow, especially if soft or crusty. Be sure, during the winter, to watch your foot gear carefully. Change wet stockings before they freeze, or you may lose a toe or foot. In building a sledge use lashing entirely. Bolts and screws rack a sledge to pieces in rough going, while lashing will "give". Keep the hood of your kooletah back from your head, if not too cold, and allow the moisture from your body to escape that way. When your nose is bitterly cold, catch hold of it a,vl pull and squeeze it. Don't try to carry more than forty pounds of stuff the first day^ anyway. If your furs get wet, dry them in a medium temperature. Don't hold them near the fire. No m{,n can continuously drag more than his own weight. Re- member that this is a fact. In cases of extreme cold at toes and heel, wrap a piece of fur over each extremity. Keep your sleeping bag clean. If it becomes inhabited, freeze tht inhabilants out. Remember success follows economj' and persistency on an expedi- tion like yours. White snow over a crevas!L3 if hard, is safe. Yeflqw or dirt color, never. , Don't eat snow or ice. Co thirsty until you can melt it. Shoot a deer behind the shoulder or in the head. Clioosc your bunk as far from tent door as possible. Keep a fire-hole open near your camp. Alaska Life in a Nutshell Alaska is rich v>ith gold, silver, copper and coal. Men with stomach ailments or weak lungs should not venture in it. Physically strong men live there with comfort and profit. Inexperienced miners are not wanted and will fail oftener than they will succeed. Provisions are not expensive when the freight haul necessary to get them there is considered. The temperature ranges from forty to eighty degrees below in winter, but the air being so dry it is not severe. American vegetables are easily raised. The natives are peaceable, but the Greek Catholic Church is said to show much opposition to their learning English and to the coming of l*]nglish speaking people. 21 m The Yukon: ~ It is larger tlmn La Plata. It is larger than the Danube. It is larger than the Orinoco. With its tribntarii's it is navijjahlc 2J)0() miles. The water is fresh fifteen miles from its mouth. Yukon basin gold is estimated at $5,000,000,000. It has more gold in its basin than any other river. The Yukon Hiver is not open at its mouth until after the 15th day of June. Its coloo* is beautifully blue to its junction with the White River, 1,100 miles above its mouth. In purchasing transportation, remember that the North Ameri- can Transportation & Trading Co. has had a line of steamers estab- lished on the Yukon River for over seven years. A History in One Paragraph. The northwest coast of that part of America embracing Alaska was discovered and explored by a Russian expedition under Behring in 1741, and at subsequent periods settlements were made by the Rus- sians at various places, chiefly for the prosecution of the fur trade. In 1799 the territory was granted to a Russo- American fur company by Emperor Paul VIII, and in 1839 the charter of the company was renewed. New Archangel, in the island of Sitka, was the principal settlement, but the company maintained about forty stations. They exported annually 2,500 skins of the seal, sea otter, l^eaver, etc., be- sides about 20,000 sea-horse teetli. The company's privilege expired in 1803, and in 18G7 the whole Russian possessions in America were ceded to the Ignited States for a money payment of $7,300,000. Pos- .eession was formally given over on the 18tli of October following. The Alaskan Climat Now that it has been tested by the experience of thousands the climate of the Alaskan territory is not sucli a terrible ordeal as it was formerly imagined. The short summer, extending from about the middle of June to about the middle of September, is part of the time intensely hot, unrelieved by the long nights of the temperate zone; and the winter with its long night and strangely long twilight, is not as unbearable as was supposed if one is provided against its severity and takes care to use suitable, but not excessive clothing. A brief synopsis of the facts, as made by the officials of the Weather Bureau, states that "the climate of tlie interior, including practically all of the country ',;xcept a narrow coast margin, is com- paratively severe, though dry, in winter, with a short, but relatively hot summer, especially when the sky is free from cloud. Greater cold than has yet been recorded in Alaska has been exper- ienced in the United States for a very short time, but never has it continued so very cold for so long a time. In the interior of Alaska the winter sets in as early as September, when snowstorms may be ex- pected in the mountains and passes. 22 after the 15th day I the White Raver, the North Ameri- of steamers estab- -I I (racing Alaska was under Behring in made by the Rus- the fur trade. In n fur company by the company was wavS the principal :y stations. They ', Iwaver, etc., be- 1 privilege expired in America, were 7,300,000. Pos- )or following. •f thousands the ordeal as it was from about the part of the time temperate zone; twilight, is not ainst its severity ing. officials of the terior, including margin, is coui- •t, but relativelv d. has been exper- ut never has it terior of Alaska )rms may be ex- I en ed « I 5 > a o a a o a & jll f ^'1 ii 5^! ■1 ill 'it : 1^ i ' ' ■! 1^ The changes of temperature from winter to summer are rapid, owing to the great increase in the length of the day. In May the sun rises about 3 A. M. and sets about 9 P. M. In June it rises at 1:30 o'clock in the morning and sets about 10:30 o'clock, giving about twenty hours of daylight ajid diffuse twilight the remainder of the time. The mean summer temperature in the interior doubtless ranges between 60 and 70 degrees, according to elevation, being highest in the middle and lower T ukon valleys. A MODERN ELDORADO. The Yukon and its Gold. What the Nile is to I'gypt, the Amazon to South America, the Mississippi to the interior of the United States, that and even more the Yukon is to Alaska. It is a great inland highway, which alone makes it possible for the explorer to penetrate the mystrious fastnesses of the still unknown region. Its present interest for us, however, is that it o])cns up a region of vast natural wealth and especially that its basin is found to be rich in gold. Gold mining in the Yukon district may be said to have been in- itiated in 1880, though little was done in that year except a certain amount of })rospecting by twenty-five or thirty miners, who entered by the way of Chilkoot Pass. Since then a yearly increasing number of miners have entered the country at various points, and river bars have been worked with good results on different parts of the I^ewis and its tributary, the Teslintoo (llootalinqua) cind on the Pelly and the Stew- art rivers. In 1886 most of the work was done on the Stewart, but in conse<|iioru'c of the discovery of "coarse" gold on Forty Mile Creek, nearly all of the mind's wont to that place. This was the first dis- covery of coarse gold in the district, but since the rich creeks have been found out it may safely be predicted that many more will follow. Prospecting has so far been confined almost exclusively to the large rivers, and the mining to river-bar mining, but the fact has been de- veloped that gold occurs in greater or less quantity on all the streams, and the extent of the gold-bearing river bars already known is, in the aggregate, almost unprecedented. The Klondike Gold Region Next to the name of the great river itself, that of the Klondike has become most familiar in connection with Alaskan gold seeking. As events are rapidly proving, this is not entirely due to any greater riches on this than some of the other tributaries, but to the fact that the gold of the Klondike district was the first to cause sensation in the cities of the United States, and thus lead to an influx of resolute miners. Gold in the Klondike district was discovered by George Washing- ton Carmack, a Californian. He spent three days prospecting on Bonanza creek, but found nothing satisfactory until he reached Discovery claim, about midway on the creek, where he panned out $12 ammer are rapid, In May the sun ae it rises at 1:30 )ck, giving about remainder of the r doubtless ranges being highest in o. nth America, the it and even more way, which alone f^strious fastnesses )r us, however, is id especially that to have been in- ' except a certain s, who entered by easing number of id river bars have the Ijewis and its lly and the Stew- the Stewart, but 'orty Mile Creek, was the first dis- rich creeks have more will follow, v^ely to the large act has been de- all the streams, cnown is, in the af the Klondike in gold seeking, e to any greater to the fact that use sensation in iflux of resolute a o en Sf CS a u d C8 m u » a a> w w as O. tc a ■^ « u m ID 6 s o H < 2 eorge Washing- lys prospecting ntil he reached panned out $12 26 in a very few minutes. This was August 16, 1896. The next day 1 located for himself Discovery claim and No. 1 below. Nos. 1 and above were located for his two Indian associates, brothers of his Ii dian wife. Carmack then joined his family at the mouth of the Kloi dike, and soon after went to Forty Mile, where he related his goo fortune. This was the beginning of the Klondike. Forty Mile was quickl abandoned for the Klondike, as were also the diggings about Circl City. Still, the Klondike diggings were very different from than elsewhere on the Yukon, and it was months after Bonanza, Eldorad and surrounding creeks had been located and recorded before muc faith was placed in any of them. The Yukon miners were used t surface mining and, as a rule, did not consider ground worth anythin that did not pay from the surface down. Along the Klondike's trib utaries the surface in many places was covered by moss and mud and developments have shown that the rich gold bearing strata li a\)ng the bed-rock, which are five to twenty feet below the surface Many claims were sold in October and November, J 896, for as man^ dollai's as they would now bring thousands. One claim on Eldorad( creek was located by a young man who sold it a few days later for $8") The purchaser never put a pick into it and sold it early in April, 1897 for $31,000, Canadian money. Within six weeks afterward $130,00(. was taken out of this claim. Within a year after Cannack's discovery the Klondike had pro duced over $5,500,000, and by far the greater part of this was taken out between December and June. Golovin Bay — A New Field. The Golovin Bay and Fish River district, situated about 75 miles north from St. Michaels Island, was prospected for the first time during the fall of 1898. Prospects were not very encouraging until "Ophir" and "Melsing" Creeks, tributaries of the Neuckluck River, were prospected. Here excellent results were obtained, panings rang- ing from $1.85 to $22.00. The placers should be very easy to work, as bed rock is reached a,t a depth of from 3 to 8 feet, and the climate is not severe. Good timber about 18 inches thick and from 40 to 60 feet long, can be secured a short distance north of the Neuckluck River, which is the principal tributary of the Fish River. The most reliable map of this district will be found in tlie front of this pamphlet. It is a reduction from the original map made by Gifford Sumner. There will be a great many people go to these new fields in 1899, and the "N. A. T. & T. Co.'s" route via Healy, St. Michaels Island, is the best. Gold in all Directions. It is well ascertained now that no one tributary of the Yukon can yet claim first place as a gold-producing water course. The country is very large. Gold-bearing gravel is found on nearly every creek, and every man who has provisions enough to carry him through the winter is mining on his own account. There are many unlucky ones, however, who can not find a pay streak for themselves and these have to starve or work for what wages they can get with other taking out gold by the pound all around them. They are the same kind of in- 26 .11 196. The next day he below. Nos. 1 and 2 s, brothers of his In- le mouth of the Klon- e he related his good orty Mile was quickly diggings about Circle different from those or Bonanza, Eldorado 'ecorded before much miners were used to •ound worth anything f the Klondike's trib- 3 by moss and mud, )ld bearing strata, lie et below the surface. >r, 1896, for as many le claim on Eldorado Bw days later for $85. ; early in April, 1897, s afterward $130,000 3 Klondike had pro- (irt of this was taken lated about 75 miles d for the firs't time ry encouraging until le Neuckluck River, ained, panings rang- e very easy to work, feet, and the climate c and from 40 to 60 of the Neuckluck 5h River. The most mt of this pamphlet. Grifford Sumner. new fields in 1899, St. Michaels Island, of the Yukon can purse. The couatry nearly every creek, ry him through the many unlucky ones, dves and these have th oither taking out le same kind of in- dividuals who sit all day on the pier unable to catch a puny perch, while their companions haul out fine bass by the score. Prospecting for gold is a curious lottery. One man skilled in the business and eager to make a ritn strike, will carefully search over a strip of country without finding a trace of color. Along will come a tenderfoot, who doesn't krio^ gold when he sees it. He will scratch away in the most unlikely of places, to the amusement of the wise ones and finally un- earth a deposit of fabulous richness. _ This is as strangely true of the Yukon country to-day as it was of California in '19. The fact is, gold appears unexpectedly in so many varying forms that even the best experts are frequently deceived. IMie richest deposits in the Klondike lie next to the bed rock and are inky black in color. The gravel over these contains bright yellow, dull yellow and reddish hued gold. These latter forms are easily recognized, but the black deposit is one that migiit be readily over- looked were it not that word of its true nature has gone forth through- out the whole country. Source of Yukon Gold. 1^'rom a geological point of view it is mostly found practicable, in gold-producing regions, to trace back the previous metal to its rock- ribbed source. The case is different in Alaska. The geologists arc all puzzled. The peculiar character of the deposit, buried next to bed rock under many feet of more recently formed earth, and mixed with a gra^' which is now found only far under ground, gives plaus- ility to the theory that it was carried there ages ago by some monster glacier. If this idea is correct, the gold now being dug must have been dug from some fabulously rich mother lode by the attrition of the ice. All over that region there are undeniable marks of glacial action. Valleys have been hewn through rocks which date far back in the world's formation by geological chronology. Boulders, smooth and rounded by being rolled onward, under an irresistible pressure, are found hundreds of miles away from the spot in which they were originally placed by the workings of nature. The very gravel which carries the gold is unlike any gravel to be met with above ground and wherever the bed rock has been uncovered it shows plain marks of t he grinding process to which it has been subjected. Along the valleys the sides of the rocky walls are Ci eased in a manner which to the practiced observer, tells plainly of the force that did the wonderful work. It is along the creeks now running in these glacier formed valleys that the richest gold deposits have been discovered. There is no sign of volcanic action, no comingling of the gold with other metals, as is common in other parts of the world. It is simply pure, native gold, ground off from some huge block of the same material, from a "mother lode," as the miners call it. Where is this mother lode? Who knows? The course of the glacier was from the north. Perhaps the great source of gold supply lies in that direction; perhaps it has been entirely ground away by the glacier and its remnants are those now being garnered by the hardy prospectors of the Yukon. If the lode is still in existence, as a good many authori- ties believe, the man who finds it will have wealth at his command, beside which the riches of Croesus will be paled into insignificance. 27 'i^i 'I ; 1 ■ Following tables are brouglit down to January 1, 1898, and exhibi respectively, the total product of gold for 1897 iu the states and ter ritoriee of "the United States, aa verified by the records of the Unitec States mint and the product of gold in the various gold-producing countries of the world for the same period: STATES. Alabama. .. Alaska , Arizona California.. Colorado.. Georgia ... Idaho Maryland . Michigan. . , Montana . . . Nevada .... N. Me. ico. Gold. Quartz. Fine Ozs. 409 85,178 121,439 529,094 937,334 6,163 58,807 12 3,032 184 096 148,302 21.226 Placer. Fine Ozs. STATES. 32.836 620 238,685 9,468 1,298 44,006 6 "33,m 2,278 1,645 N . Carolina . . . Oregon S. Carolina ... South Dakota. Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia, Washington. . . . Wyoming Total. (lOLD. Quartz. Fine Ozs. 787 48,3.58 4,UJ7 272.733 2 356 89,297 24 15,101 2,525,:«J7 Placor. Fine Ozs. i,08;j 17,170 104 78 • 5 183 6,651 1,323 390,858 It would appear from the above that less than one-third of the silver product of the United States is derived from mines producing silver ores proper, and that considerably more than two-thirds of the entire silver output of the United States is a product from the smelt- ing of lead and copper ores, although this product is frequently more valuable than the other metals contained. Approximate value of the product of Gold and Silver in the United States in the calender year 1897. distributed by producing States and Territories, as estimated by the director of the mint. STATKS «„ij AND Gold, Tbrbitoribs Value. Alabama Alaska Arizona California. .. Colorado Georgia Idaho Iowa Maryland. .. Michigan. . . . Minnesota .. Montana Nevada New Mexico Silver, Coining Value. $7,400 1,778,000 2,895.900 4,618,300 19,104,200 149,300 1,701,700 100 100 62,700 3,000 4,373,400 2,976,400 356,500 $129 150,497 2,896,032 613,366 27,974,235 776 6,336,905 77,964 20,257,487 1,588,881 697,535 Total Value. States AND Tesbitoeibs. $7,52ffl >1. Carolina.. 1,928,497 Oregon. 5,791,932 S. Carolina.. 15,231,666 S.Dakota... 47,078,5a5 Tennessee . . . . 150,076 Texas 8,088,605 Utah 100 Vermont 100 140,664 3,000 24,630,887 4,565,281 1,054,035 Virginia. Washington. Wyoming.... Total. Gold Value. $:{4,600 1,353,700 84,700 5,694,900 100 7.400 1,726,100 100 3,900 419,900 11,200 Silver, Coining Value. $388 89,212 2.59 190,836 523,249 8,100,978 138,214 129 $57,363,000 $69,637,172 Total Value. $;}4,988 1,442,312 84,9.59 5,885,736 100 530,649 9,827,078 ino 3,900 558,114 11,329 $127,000,172 Worlds production of Gold in 1897. Countries. Gold. Countries. Gold. Ozs. Fine. Dollars. Oz. Fine. Dollars. United States 2,774,935 2,693,723 456,481 1,124,511 66,424 108,147 4,083 57,363,000 55,684,200 9,436,300 23,245,700 1,373,100 2,235,600 84,400 Ecuador Chile 6.429 44.921 .58,253 45,882 111,001 23,810 74,376 30,380 1,862 22.760 34,506 106,865 2,820,582 350,.598 a5,464 2.220 132,900 928,600 1,204,200 Australia Mexico BrazU Venezuela Guiana (British). Guiana (Dutch) Guiana (French) Peru Russia Germany. Austria-Hungary Sweden 948,.50O 2.9fU.Mfi Norway 1 ^^T ^00 Italy 9,404 194.400 Uruguay Cent. Am . States Japan fiOfi t\f\(\ Spaia Cr reece ■4(( linn S'jn Knn Turkey 353 7,300 "35400 6,027,100 137,600 3,000,000 750,000 •;hTna ^^'^ V)n ]Pr0iiQQ Africa British India. ' 9 9110 trn Great Britain 1,698 291,561 6,656 145.125 36,281 54 !)o(f (fon Cb ada Corea . . 7 917 i^nn Aroentine Republic. . . Borneo... Total..,! 7!W.inn 41.90ft Bolovia 11,489,291 2!)7.R04,800 yh 1898, and exhibit ill the stiites and ter- •ecords of the United rious gold-producing (iOLD. Quartz. Fine Ozs. Placer. Fine Ozs. .... 787 48,3,58 4.037 272.733 2 1,08:1 17,170 104 78 • 5 356 89,297 24 15,101 "183 6,651 1,323 2,525,387 390,858 lan one-third of the om mines producing an two-thirds of the iuct from the smelt- rt is frequently more and Silver in the )uled by producing ictor of the mint. 1 e. ,600 ,700 ,700 ,900 100 ,400 ,100 100 ,900 ,900 ,200 ,000 Silver, Coinine Value. Total Value. $388 89,212 2.59 190,836 $34,988 1,442,312 84,9.59 5,885,736 l(j(l 523,249 8,100,978 530,649 9,827,078 100 3,900 558,114 11,329 138,214 129 169,637,172 $127,000,172 Gold. Oz. Fine. DoUars. 6.429 44.921 58,253 45,882 111,001 23,810 74,.376 30,380 1,862 22.760 34,.5fl6 106,865 2,820,582 350„598 a5,464 2,220 11,489,291 132,900 928,600 1,204,200 948..500 2.9fU.ivfl 1 K37.5nn 713 ann ■ f. 90Q irn 5«» 3»>« finn 7 917 Ron TJW.lw 4^.(Vw> 287^504,800 ilGold of the Entire World. It is an interesting study to compare the gold product of a given irear with the supposed amount of gold already possessed and in use 3y the nations of the earth. Gold is now being obtained at a con- stantly increasing rate and the question naturally arises: What is the world's total stock of gold? All sorts of estimates are made. Onn writer gravely asserts re- ;ently that the world's total stock had been doubled in the last ten ^ears. This is not the case. No one knows how much gold there is \n the world, but here are some facts which bear upon the question: The total gold coinage of the world may be stated pretty accu- btely at about $1,300,000,000. The world's total product from 1492 down to the present day, fol- [lowing Soetbeer's estjuate for the earlier years and mint estimates for {the later, has been rather less than $9,000,000,000, in round numbers, [including 1896. There is used in the arts annually- -in gilding, electroplating and similar operations which withdraw gold from possibility of other uses -probably not less than $10,000,000. The use of solid gold in jewelry and plate, while not so directly a withdrawal of gold from circulation, since it can be remelted and coined, docs expose it to greater waste from friction and increased risk I' of loss. This use now amounts to about $50,000,000 a year. Even coin gold loses weight constantly from trituration, not lo speak of actual loss by fire, shipwreck and carelessness. Anyone can amuse himself estimating the world's stock upon these data. It is probable that the loss and waste since 1492 have equalled in amount all the gold in existence, so that the world's present stock is certainly not more than the $9,000,000,000 of modem production. A less generous estimate might be that the amount of standard gold in plate, bars, rings, chains and other forms easily mutable with money equals the amount of gold coin, making the world's total stock some $8,400,000,000. But this is som'^thing which n) one knows. Chief Treasure is American It was an American miner, as we have seen, who accidentally found the gold in the Klondike district. American grit and muscle have since developed that region until it almost bears the significance of a modern Ophir. Canada is reaping her profit from these facts, but it is consoling to reflect that the Klondike does not hold all or even the greatest wealth. On the upper creeks of Sixty-Mile and Forty- Mile within the boundaries of Alaska, are placer-inines by the hun- dred, which in any other country in the world wooild be considered as fortunes to the lucky owners. Down the river from Dawson City, 290 miles, is Circle C^'ty. A short portage from the Yukon from this point will bring one into the headwaters of Birch Creek. There are dozens of tributary streams in this creek from which gold has been extracted in large quantities. Hundreds of claims have paid as high as $40 per day to every man employed; and claims which ran as low as an ounce, or $16, a day were not looked at. Far down the Yukon, the Koyukuk, one of the most important tributaries of the lower river, 20 I I ) I , ;t has its mouth. On this strejim, for some years past, the Indians, work-l ing with crude rockers, mado in imitation of those used by the white| men, have been taking out ten to fifteen dollars a day to the man. In succeeding pages we give detaals oi gold discoveries on this andl othea" tributaries of the lower Yukon, and we again urge the fact thati there are on the American side of the international boundary thou-l sands of claims on which good wages can be made, and hundreds are known which in a very few years working would yield fortunes to| their owners. The Gold and the Boundary. Recent occurrences have made the question of Alaska's boundary one of vital interest. The first attempt to define the International limits was made by Lieut. Schwatka, who in 1883 made a rough and necessarily cnide survey of the Lewes and Pelly-Yukon rivers from iheir head to Fort Yukon, situated near the mouth of Porcupine river, a distance of about 500 miles. Lieut. Schwatka determined the position of this meridian line from his survey and located it at the mouth of what is now known as Mission or American Creek, on the headwaters of which valuable discoveries of gold are now being made on the Alaskan side. A recent report of the United States Surveyors as to the boundarv^ lino in this connection said: "In substance these determinations throw the diggings at the mouth of Forty-Mile Creek within the ter- ritory of the United States. The whole valley of this rich creek is also within the United States. Most of the gold is to the west of the crossing of the one hundred and forty-first meridian at Forty-Mile Creek. If we produce the one hundred and forty-first meridian on a chari;, the mouth of Miller's Creek, a tributary of Sixty-Mile Creek, and a valuable gold region, is five miles in a direct line, or seven miles, according to the winding of the stream, all Avithin the territory of the United States. In substance, the only places in the Yukon region where gold in quantity has been found are all to the west of the boundary line between Canada and the United States." "The gold," said General Duffield, Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, in discussing the question, "has been ground out of the quartz by the pressure of the glaciers which lie and move along the courses of the streams, exerting a tremendous pressure. The force is present to a more appreciable extent in Alaska than elsewhere, and I believe that, as a consequence, more placer gold will be found in that region than in any other part of the world." General Duffield thinks the American side hunters have made the mistake of prospecting the large streams instead of the small ones. "When gold is precipitated," he said, "it sinks. It does not float far down stream. It is therefore to be looked for along the small creeks and about the headwaters of the larger tributaries of the Yukon. There is no reason why as rich finds may not be made on the American side of the line as in the Klondike regions." ' Again, it must be remembered that the vahie of a placer claim depends to a greater extent on the number of men who can profitably be put to work upon it. The gross tax levied by the Canadian Gov- ernment upon the products of the Canadian placers will render it unprofitable to employ upon any except the richest of the mines. 30 it, the Indians, worjc- se used by the white s a day to the man. L'overies on this and in urge the fact that anal boundary thou- lo, and hundreds are Id yield fortunes to f Alaska's boundary le the International i made a rough and -Yukon rivers from louth of Porcupine atka determined the id located it at the rican Creek, on tlu; ire now being made as to the boundarv' lese determinations reek within the ter- f this rich creek is 3 to the west of the dian at Forty-Mile -first meridian on a ' Sixty-Mile Creek, ine, or seven miles, the territory of the the Yukon region o the west of the tes." lent of the United the question, "has the glaciers which 'ting a tremendous e extent in Alaska S more placer go-Id of the world." ers have made the )f the small ones, does not float far g the small creeks BS of the Yukon, e on the American of a placer claim v^ho can profitably le Canadian Gov- 3rs will render it of the mines. ^he Home Diggings In addition to the facts presented as to the location of the precious metaJ, in relatively equal distribution along the whole Yukon valley, there are other forcible reasons why gold-seekers from the United fiftiites should concentrate their efforts under the shadow of the stars |)id stripes. Tn the first place it should be remembered that on the American side of the line the general mining laws of the United Stiites are in force. These permit the entry of twenty acres of land €pctci|)t in cases whore the miners of a district, by adoption of local "sgulations of their own, limit the amount of the claim. The only cpense or tax connected with it is the payment of a. recording fee, le amount fixed by the miners themselves, to the recorder of a |istrict, elected by themselves. Subject to further local regulations prescribed by the miners of a district, a man's right to a claim attaches le instant he files, and no law of the United States could ever be passed to divest him of that right, or to impose further restrictions upon him than were contained in the law at the time he filed. Should he desire to do so, he can, after expending five hundred dollars worth of work on a claim, have it surveyed and can receive a patent from the • United States to it. No license fees are extorted from him; the claim is his, and no royalty is or ever can be imposed upon the gold which he takes out. It would scorn clear that in the present rush to the Yukon gold iiiolds, men who really desire to acquire placer mining prnj^';rty for .|tlioir own use and bonofit, and not for the benefit of the Canadian government, will exercise a wise discretion if they confine their pros- )ecting and locating to the American side of the international bound- jary, where there are placers rich enough to satisfy any moderate •|ambition, and where there may be new Klon^ikes discovered any day € which will rival or surpass the discoveries made in the Northwest ter- ■.AM 1 :|ritories last year. On a later page wo shall give details of the nature >| of the placer mines, the modes of wm*king and the laws and customs f^ that particulariy affect the miner. Take the American Side One of the latest arrivals at Seattle in 1898, who had spent con- siderable time in the Yukon gold regions and whose study of the miners and their work was very thorough, his statements therefore having considerable value as those of an observant and experienced gentleman. He says: "The country is no good for the indolent and lazy; there is not an easy job there, but to the energetic man there are greater oppor- tunities in the Yukon to-day than any place on earth. Since 1887 a few miners have been scattered along the Yukon, first working on the bars of Forty-Mile Creek and a few of its tributaries. Then Miller and Grlazier Creek were discovered. Later the Birch Creek country near Circle City and America Creek near the new town of Eagle City came into prominence. Then came the faimous Klondike strike and all other districts were abandoned and practically remained so until October, 1897, when a rich strike was reported from Chicken Creek a tributarj' of the South Fork of Forty-Mile, one hundred miles above the mouth of Forty-Mile Creek. 31 715 ni H!!!} !ir ! f ■.. Miners (irifled down from DawHon and soon all the abandoned camps on (jhiekon Creek were re-located. After the trail over the icf was in condition to travel there was a stampede from Dawson to the abandoned creeks on the American side including Forty-Mile and its tributaries, Mission Creek and all its tributariea, and Seventy-Mile and its tribuUirios. The town site of Star Oity was laid out at the mouth of Seventy Mile, which by September the 1st waa a town of from 1,000 to 1,500 inhabitants. * OTHER ALASKAN TREASURES. Riches of Western Alaska. Perhaps the greatest service that cjm be rendered to Alaska, as well as to those who seek fortune in that splendid territory, is to point out those advantaj^es and resources that lie apart from the chances of gold mining. Either with men or communities prosperity is not entirely dependent on the ownership of the precious metals. Alaska is rich not only in placer gold and gold-bearing quartz, the two chief forms in which the yellow mctail is found, but it is also rich in copper, coal, silver, oil, to say nothing of the furs. Here is what a recent arrival said: "I got close from the river, back from the beach at Eualaska and found some good looking quartz. I made a couple of locations on (Jhigmic Ray in veins four or five feet wide, but I was looking more particularly for coal, and found a series of veins cropping in the cliflfs on the coasts of Chigmic Bay. I traced it for a mile and a half and found it cropping again back in the hills. There is about fifteen feet of coal altogether, and in one place there is four feet solid which 1 have started opening up. Great masses of it are strewn all along the beach. It has been tested as a good gas, cooking and steam coal. The gas in a clay pipe full of it burned for three minutes. Alaska Coal. The coal of Alaska so far examined, whether in the interior or on the coast, is of eocene or early tertiary age and belongs withooit exception to varieties of lignite, brown coal, or glance coal. The various coiili of Alaska occur in beds interstratified with sandstone, shale, ronglon 3rate and clay, these rocks usually containing numerous fossil plants, leaves, cones and amber, derived from the fossilization of resin from the ancient coniferous forests. Many coal seams have been partly explored and a much larger number have been reported, but not examined by experts. Coal Creek enters the Yukon from the east eight to ten miles beloav the mouth of Forty-Mile Creek, and hence is within Canadian territory. Two four feet seams of coal are reported in Sandstone, about twelve miles above the mouth of this stream, from which coal has been t^ken. It has a brilliant lustre and a conchoidaJ fracture, is rather light in weight, and carries some pyrite and amber in smadl specks. 32 re Rl Btl ei LJ til i-.:,ii?! >c abandonee] 1 over fche ice awson to the -Mile and its Seventy-Mile d out at the as a town of Alaska, as y, is to point the chances verity is not als. Alaska he two chief ih in copper, ualaska and locations on )oking more in the cliffs a haJf and fifteen feet lid which 1 1 along the coal. The ^ ('Mill i>r II siiiiiliir niiiililv occiii's on a siiiall cri'i'lv ciih'riiiy; tlic iikttn I'l'Miii I he same side a few mih's hchtw ('(lal Creek. Bods having a eoniposilion siniila.i" lo that of llie beds encliHing the CX»il seams and like them eaj-ryinj^ impressions of fossil plants, are rtporled from various points in lite country northeast of the Yukon Hlvcr, iiotaihly up the Tatondire and Kandik Wivers, and on IWj^ Hlaek Itiver. and it may l)e assumed that a helt of these eoal-hoarinj; rocks sti'ctilies throuf,'!) (his re<.non in a northwest-southeast direction geii- ftfally parallel with and (d'ten very close to the Yukon. l^ruits of Alaskan Soil. ^ Nuly ;witii those grown in the I'ichest districts in Washing-lon. "% ''It is simply a matter of lime when the fertih' soil of Ihe Yuk(»u /^ill he j)r()ven to be admirably a(lapt(>d to the raising of cereal crops, ||rasses and root products," said Mi'. Saih'r at his hotel. "Look at Jpiat wheat — look at those specimens of oals. They gri'W from waste ;#pavings on IMarsh Lake. The^y prove that the soil is rich and well ^dapted to husbandry. At Si.\ly-l\Iile Creek we sow as line, large Jjotatoes as you can see anywliere in the States. Ifculishes, cabbages :;and other vegetahlos grow equally well along the Yukon, and I tJiink pie day is not distant when the miners in Alaska will live on the fruits jp4' its own soil. ROUTES OF TRAVEL interior or gs without coal. The sandstone, numerous ilization of uch larger ten miles Canadian Sandstone, vhich coal racture, is in smadl jiHow to Get to Alaska. •MS ' ' M There is hut one proper way to go into Alaska and that is the 'Jeasiest, safest and quickest, whieli is by the route of the ocean and Jriver steamers of the North American Transportation and Trading JOo. No matter if you wish to go to points remote from the Yukon fRiver, the trails leading from the Yukon River and its tributaries to such points are much easier than the dangerous trails of ice and snow, crossing glaciers, and leading from south coast points over the sum- mits of the highest ranges of mountains in Alaska. t In addition to easy trails, you also have the advantage of pros- •pecting two to five valleys according to your destination. It is believed tthat the richest copper deposits to be discovered will be found in the Tanana district, all of which lies south of the Yukon River. By waiting for these boats, you will not be exhausted from attempt- ling to reach these points by going in over the ice, but will arrive in 33 •j \ 1 i I ( ft: ! if H^^__l__^^___pp,^ ■' * ;5 - x^ m \ ■ k. llol,', Cross Mission, Alask.i. N. A. T. A 'I' r,) "s8toain>M'"P, IV Wcaiv" Wo.liim' I'l., .it St -bbiii's I'oiiit. '% 34 good pliysical coiKliliuii, .iml mc |tit'|t;ir('il to ciiici- the prospeotinfr field iiiiiiit'diiitelv. Tliost- who li-ivi' not iiuuIl' tlif irip ovt'rlaiui. should understand that the riuors of the cljuiatc. labor and dangt-rs are alnio>it beyojid conception. ^rhe distance from Seattle to llealy. St. MiciiaeTs Ishind. i- alH)iit 2,7(H> niik's, and from the hitter point to Weaic. s;o niih's, H^unparl. {>3o miles, Circh". MV.i'} iiiih's. Maiile Cily. l."):i<> nnles, Dawson. \V.\') miles. ,* Dangers of the Other Way. 'IMuuigh a. railway now k'ssens the initial toils ol' the journey, yet going by way of the passes to the Yukon count it, dui'ing the winter reason in partienlai". is no boy's |>lay. The midwinter ioiuney of vSOO miles un snow shoes over the snowv mountains and down llie frozen ■^asLts of the Yukon \'aliey. w hen foi- hundreds of miles you will not te a iign of human habitation, or the suioke from a single camp-lire ve your own. The (hvad silence of those vast solitudes iii-ndy lock; d ;|^ the cold end)race of winter, will echo no \oices save youis; \^c barking of your dogs will awake no answer e\ce|tt (ierce howlini!,' J'ffi wolves. And so one day will succeed another, each new h(»ri>;on ■(^mp.issjng a world of snow ami ice so like the other thai none but experienced eye can tell of advance. t St •l)biii"s I'Diiit. *he Chief Mountain Passes ^•'he li'ail which has been longest in use is that ov(>r l"hilk<»ot J*ass foni Dyea to Lake Jiindeman. distajici' 'icS mill's, ami in |)laces very J^eej), leaching an ele^vation of nearly iJ.^Od feet. re(|U!i'ing j)acking by »^en and Indians over the devide, jiack trains of hoi'ses being used on 0^1. er i)(>rlions of the tr:iil, or, if in i-arly spring, dogs and '^'leils are ■fouml most convenient. The \\ liile Pass, from Skagway to the lakes, M d'star.ce of A'i miles, is sonu'what lower, ami pack trains make Ihe iaitire distance, but ihe ex[)eriences of tluuisands during the nish of ;|:8!)T have made it; dillicnlfies well known. T\w Taku trail Iro-m tmeau has its adherents, but does not appear to be attempted 'by e miners in any great numbers. Iplinjs on Transportation. ' :■; 5 We shall assume von hav(( been wise enough to decide for the "all ^ater" route. Then, in securing trans])ortalion to Elealy, St. Mi- ^ael's Island and points on the Yukon JMver. bear in mind that the JToi-th iVineriean 'i'rans|K)rtation aiid Trading (.'ompan\ has been doing J|w!^'iiiess on the Yukoji IMver for more than seven years, and is the only ^tiiblished line operating its own boats between Tacoma, Seattle anil Pawson. Having had am|)le experience, it advises that on account of ,i^e heavy ice How June )i'M\\ is as early as any boat can navigate in ^orton Sound, or to l)e expected to reach St. Michael's Island, at i^bich point all connections liave to be made witii river steamers, and ip. order to avoid delay on the trip, it has been decided not to stai't the ^M' ocean steamer from Seattle until about June lOtli. The Com- pany will give regular service during the season of navigation, and 35 The A ^iC .r=.Ji.-t« Of North America otlier sailiiiL,' datos from Seattle will be on or about .Inly "^Oth, Aufjil 2()th, and Sup Lumber 20th. The Company does not solicit pieces of freight weighing over t ton'^, and will not tow any barges or carry live stock. One hundred and fifty pounds of baggage are allowed free to ea| passenger. Arrangeinenls must he made with the Com})any for e\(;ess baggage. Tickets include nu-als and l)erth, but second-class piissengers mi| furnish rheir uwn bedding. I 1 ' % \ >^U» Mi i 'k WTLSK * KIKK, PII()Tt>, SEATTI-K Tlie North .\morican Traiisportiitioii and Trading Company's stcaincr leaving Seattle, Wasli., for Heal.v, St. Micliaols. The All Water Route. Starting Irom Seatlc in one of the ('(unpany's splendid sl^eamship as named and descrilx'd in a preceding section, the traveller to .Mask has neiriier toil nor hardships to encounter and nn .!;;.igers beyon the ordinary perils of navigation. More than that t ^.l ]. a vessel ;i the "Hoanoke" he is surroumied by evei'v comfo t ■.inl ronvenienc as if in a (ii'st class hotel on shore, and his luidM;:* ; '*• voyage ov tiie waters of the N'oi'theni l^icitic is an experience tliai \\\, be looki forward to with unalloyed ]»loasure. And llnis it is for the ent'i passage into tlic lieart of .Maska. for the '*i\^. A. T. & T. Co." has !- deveh)])ed its ocean and livei- service and so improved its transport: tion facilities that even deliiate wonu'n who desiro to take a brii glimpse of the wonderful life of a new and uncommonly rich minin camp, can make a summer excursion to the Klondike and return, a the time enjoying ail the comforts which can l had on first cla; steamers. Meanwhile the Company advises that miners ;> ii prosj^ectors tal first boat in June, so as to arrive at the mines in time for a good sei sen's work. On arriving there you will find large \j\(\ complete store r.. u.'T ►/. Ill July 20th, Augi ^t fill vvcigliing ovpr iwu ick. e ail lowed free to ea ,li the Com]:)any for ;>li -class passengers must ! .ii KIKK, I'llOTO, SEATTIiK stt'amcr leaving Seattle, spU'iidid steaiiishiij-. (' tniVL'llor to Alnska no daagers beyond iit :i sn '.: a vessel ii.-i t ;j('i - juvenienc lihu:>':^'t':- vityage ovi ]• e (hai i; \, he looki I it is t'(»r the enih'>' r. & T. Co." has s. )roved its transport; esire to take a hrit I' inmonly rich minin .: ulike and return, a ! had on first clas- a 7. St 3 o ■o»J ii cd X s 03 5 c > o <{'i pros} ectors tak . time for a good sea- iTifl 'complete store*^. 37 I suji|)!i«'(1 with I'vci'vlhinfi' r('(|ifiiv(l. bolli iiecesi^itios and Inxiirics, reasonable j)i-iees. With llu'ir iiieivnsed traiis])ortati()ii facilities tlni can sn]>ply the country with evervtiiiiig needed and there is no need city of bringing in your own snpidics. i! H m -1; '1 li i'i ,^k '3' lili '4 At Dutch Harbor. Tlu' islaiul of I iialasiva is one of (he Aknitian cluiin f()rming l the Isehring Sea (leet of whalers aiul sealers. It is also the head(|iiai| iers of the conii)any that owns the sealing privilege of the Pribilo Islands, and accordingly it possesses so many facilities that here tlil North American Transportation and Trading Co. inaintains a greiil warehouse and other establishiuents. I>acl\ of the little island th;il| forms Dutch Harbor is another curved beach, where may be seen tin line of white-painted houses that constitute the port of Unala.ska. Healy, St. Michael's Island. After a brief panse at JJutcli Ilarb(jr, where the coal bunkers ar^ replenished and fresh provisions taken on board, the steamers resunn their way north through lU'hi'ing Sea, ])ast the seal islands of St (Ii'orge and St. Paul, and up through Xoi-fon Sound to ITeidy, on Si. Michael's Island. This is the great de])ot for the Yukon country and the point of transfer to the river steamers. Here, again, the Xorth Anierican Transportation and Trading Co. has vast stores and ware- houses, wharves and shipyard, and at the present time this is the sojourning place of all Avho are bound either in or out of the Yukon A'alley. Healy is about sixty miles north of the actual nu>uth of the Yukon, and is the spot where the stars and stripes were first floated over Alaskan territory, at the time of its i)urchase from the Russian government. As a de[»ot and port of trans-shipment it seems destined to llourish as the Sue^^ of the northern seas. '\'e are now on the great river that forms the true and natural highway through the teri'itory of Alaska. The Yukon has its source in the Rocky .Mountains of British Cohnnbia and the Coa.st Range mountains of southeastern Alaska, about 125 miles from Juneau. Rut it is only known a.< the Yukon at the ])oint where the Felly River, the branch thai heads in llritish Cohnnbia. meets with the liCwis River, which heads in southeastern Alaska. This point of confluence is at Fort Selkirk, in the Xorthwest TerntoiT, about 1*^5 mile.s southe^ist of the Klondike. The Yukon ])roj)er is "2,0 1 1 unles in length. From Fort Selkirk it flows noi'thwest ^00 miles, just touching tlx' Arctic circle: thence sonthwai'd for a distance of 1,000 miles to where it em|)ties into Rehi"- ing Sea. It drains nuu'e than (lOO.OOO scpuire miles of territory. A thousand islands send the channel in as many differc nt directions. Only the most skillful pilotage, often with native help enables us to head our river steamer constnatlv in a safe course. 38 •itios find liixnni-s, ;ii )rtalioii facilit.ies thrv ajid tliere is no neccs- tian cluiiii l'<>rmin arc now in llic snninici' scji.^on ;ind \\\v -Intrcs .u'c really clinrni- ing. iMtiHidci'ing the wilderness we had liecn led lo eypTi. Tlie liank.- arc fringed with jinwt'rs. carpeted willi the .-ill |)rcv,',< iiig moss or In-,!- dra. llirds countless in nundx-is and ol' inliniie \;;ri(ly \\) I'iiM.iai'i sing out a welcome from every tree to|». Pitch your lent where yon will in midsummer, a bed ( I' i'(.|i|Mis rnd a i.uu' I. Qi lilne bells will adorn your camping. \>\ Sepiend)cr everything is &hanii('d. The bed oi' roses luis (lisapjiearcd I ei'oi'e the icy bi'Ciith of the Winter King. wl',i(li sends the thei'monieter down below freezing foint. 'I'he lirds tly to ih.e southland, the while man to his cabin, the ndian to his hut. and the bear to his sleeping chandKi' in the moun- tains. I'very stream becouKs a slu ct (d' ice. mountain and valley alike ^re covered with sno.'. ^mt ii, ,<()iii,. di'scri|)tions of this river journey l)y recent visitors to laska, mostly practical, tlu'se charms will be found associated with •se material interests tb.at are the child' olijecl of this p-nn|)hlet. "On the Lower Yukon. The rixcr carries one-third niorc water into llehring Sea than the j^^Ii-sissippi (htcs into the (iidf of Mexico. The d"ftops of the UKuintaius are ((tvrred with snow. Still, at no time i> 'jthe cold what would lie called scNcrc in any dry ntmosphei'c. in souk- •\|\ears the l»av at St. Mi(duiels is frozen over bv October ISth, but colu 's^tbeiH' does not mi an what it does in the States, and for a sturdy man '' "the sutfering is much less tlnm in our honu' slates. A Well-Timbered Country. In a letter frmn W'eare, cm the Yukon, dati'd S(|)(end)er !), l.S!)8. I to the Seattle I'ost-lntc'IiL'cncc i', Mr. I'!iastus l>i'ainard writes as fol- "3'' ' .$i]ows; It is mv belief that the wonders of the Yukon are vet untold. J-l Seeing gold with your own eyes washed frinn every pan along the .;^n"i\('r. seeing ont-( roppings u\' good lignite coal, ([uantities of timber < and many spots id' available agricultural land, lead one to the coii- ;;v«on(dusi(m that long aftc:' the Klondike boom is over enngration from iilthe States to the Yukon will be still sleadv and that what Seattle has 39 .4^' '^'•#' 4M>^- i. f li h i ii i^cene at; Xulato. Alaska N. A. T. <& Trading Co. Stores, Circle City, Alaska. 10 K ' -Ml 'l*rs luis its own iliiilf lor lliis |il;ii '. ( lie piiflv cxcii jilTinniii^' il to he iioi'(.li of i ciiclt'. Sonic liiiif llii> i|U('slioii will he dt'liiiilcly settled, aiul until is. snllicc il to sin' thai onr day-kinu Iwis not •set" now for at least ei;. days, or. if we are so I'ar sonili of the circle, this *relleclion of the snii as some s( ientisis claim it to he. conid not he more than the ori^iinl "At l''l. ^'uk(»n, ahoni thirty miles north of the circle, the sun dol not fail to lise diirin;^,' the shortest winter days, the upper rim Jul sh(i\vin<' itseir, as il skirts alon^' the hori/on for a di.-lance just ahoil as it looks now here. As at I''t. ^'ukon it should not show itself at ;i for a few days, in the sanu' way that il should disa|)pear entirely luii for a few minutes, hoth are pi'ol)al)ly due to rellection. "I am not sorry that such is the case, for il is a heautifid ,si. 'i\ aiul 'I'i. Al 10 p. m. llr. sun is a|)parently nearly one hour \\'\urin_u' this lime the sky has l:een showinuu himself |ookin; than when it had first touched the horizon one and one-half hours before. "'.\ll this time the moon, lar^c. |»ale and fri^ihtened lookinji. was risiuii' in the east, hut she could not hold her own ajiainsi this risin^^ splendor. i»iit she fully retaliates. f(U- il is in the lon^' wintei' niii'hl- when she ii'ets in her w(U'k. '■'riieve \\i\< heen no real darknes< since Miy Isi. On thai dale the ladies went out on a 'May-ilay snow shoe parly" — lhi< may sound I'alhei odd to some readers — and a< the snow was in line condition, lliey reported having' a ueod time. "N'ow, n(» one wtudd think id' snow, for il often rciiislci's over W (h j^rees in the sun; hills and lre:'s are cjolhcd in hri^-hl >i-n'en: soii,i>l(>s> birrowinion. and tiie iii'catesl drawhaclc to the devc1o))ni(-nl (d' l.hi> count IT— •mos(piitoes — are in full force. l>el'ore the snow is fairly oir the "round Ihey come: hiif, lazy fellows, makint:- miitdi noise, hut ,i»('tlinu- in little real work. "Ilefore lonj^', another crop comes, almost too little to see, loo {\u'\e\ to hear, too active to catch, hut how they do stiiiu'. keepin«i' one's hands, face and neck covered with ilchinu-. l)urnin<>' lumps and soi'os. One hardly dares to venture out of doors without fii'st pulling on 42 ('y<»i-s l);is iis own 1 11- il- l<» !»(• iK.ri.li of ill, l.v sciMcd, iiiul uiil.il II ii<»w lor Jit least ciulu 'icllcctioii ul' tile Sim; <»!•(■ lli;i,ii the (U-joiiiii lie circle, llic sun (l(,r> ■^. the u|)|»er rjui jn^i il (li.-lilllce just ;l,li(,||| nol show i'tscir ;ii ,i!| isjippcar entirely here ction. is a lieaiiliruj si^iln. < tlial it (lid not si i. vious to this (late tlir so watched l»v diU'cr- "i- At 10 |,; ni. III:. lorlhwcsi ; il looks ,i> , he slides alon«i' lm\- I'lli. nnlil (inallv lii^ dl the shad( s of n.,|. Il I'ed all aloiig the hall of (ire. Down isaippears al(ou(.i||,.| s u|) a ladder to the iind and rnnn ther. in«is Steadily alon- visihie all llie time •oh>rin«)- than whe.'i ours l)el'ore. tencd looldn- one's luni|»s and soi'es. Hi'sl |uil(in,u' on ■e i tliick Itiickskin i;loves and a sack made (d' neltin^' ovcii' hat, head and neck; hut they will work their way through netting', even line wire I9c*r"enin^\ cheesecloth l»ein>i' Ihe ojdy thiiiir that will entirely evclndo them. Up the Koyukuk. Men who voluntarily av(»i(l the principal Yukon settlement and strike clear into Alaska I'eally "mean hiisiness." At |)resent the most extensive pros|)ectinitli of SOO nnles or more. Small steamhoals can navi«iate the stream for most of its eoui'se. Years a^M) float ^old was washed from bars nearer the soui'ce than the mouth, hut no coarse «:' amounted to next to Iiothinti:, for no hc^lrock was examined. Since last .lune about ^."iO men have yone up the Koyukuk, desi;;nin^' thorou^Ii work, and as they are <>enerally e(piippe(l for two years and have more than twenty ,pmall steaiiners of their own, somelhin of rich finds. Rampart City in Favor. The tide of <>(>ld seekers <>"oinji' up the Yukon has heretofore passed ny liampart with comparative neawson to the American side, the miners found to their surprise that liampai't had been frro\vinmise to tluxse who had east their foi-tunes there. The new imini«ii"ati(»n of course «iMves to the j)lace a most eidiven- in' r stores, a shoe-store, three bakeries, two restaurants, two saw mills and naturally the usual sprinklinhiny of them are old California and ^rontann miners and they are here for legitimate mining and intend to do conscientious pros]»ecting. I'xd'ore last season the chief diggings on which there was pay dirt were locat^'d on lattle Minook CrcH'k, about seven miles from H^impart. Alany of the claims on this creek have yiehled their owners handsome profits, liate in the preceding winter the Idaho l>ar was discovered, being (m the north branch (d' little Minook and extending across F,ldorado Creek to Hunter. It is supposed to be the bed of some ancient river or glacier, but the extent and direction of the |>ay streak liave not been determined. Discovery claim showed ]>aus that ran above $*^.00. The bar is whal is l' by ('\|K'ri(.'ii('fi(l niiiicrs win have looked over the loeality. Another discoveiey in this h»eaHly h been niach' on (^nail Creek, a Irihiiliirv of I he Mike Hess, hut tihis is \l the ehiss of suninu'i' dit^jfings. From liatnpMit tliere is an easy trail to the Koyukuk, and whii will make the yoiint:' city tiie chier untliltinji- point, for the en1i:| l\(tyidar(. The 'I'oniana divide is not more thmi thirty miles to the south. The comparative pi'oximity of two sut streams and the network of iiohl hearinu' er"eks l)y whieh Hanipart surrounth'd shouhl niakc it one of the h'adinu' cities on tlie Ynk(m. { 1 ; i;ii 1i Birch Creek Prospects. The l>irch Creek districi is known to have value and there is soiml proved on the Yidvon is reaclu'd hv an overhmd joiirnev of eiu'lit mih's From the cre«'k. Th'' yic'ld of gold has been about $'.\(M)().()()(i. When the Bonanza lind \va- made thei-e were IVi>in 1 .oOO to 'i.HOd pei'sons in the ]iireh (^reek di- Irict and they were ucttiu.u- <>n passably, but I'hey let jj;o (^verythiiiL' then and rushiMl |»ell niell for Dawson until the rejiion was nearl\ deserted. No very rich spots have been found on llircli Creek and ne lar<>e fortunes have been made there, but there is in the well-pros- jiected I)ottonis a laruc (piantity of low jii'ade ut of jiold from liirch Creek j)la(M'rs williin the next d«,'eade. Birth of Eagle City. The T>i-itish boundary crosses the Forty-Mile River ahout twenty three miles above its mouth. It soon he<\ame a])|iarent to the Ame"'! can miners here t'uit owing to the extort iomite mining laws pa.ssed b\ the ])ominion government someiiiing should he done to control ami (fonfine operations on Anu>rican t(M'ritory entirely within American lines, hoith coming into and going out of the country; in other word.- to make an all-American route to and from the States. To this en i it was found that an American town on American territory wa- absolutely necessary as a hase of operations. Ilenee a party of ener- getie, intelligent miners went to the month of Mission Creek on th(> American si 's on iiie Ynkoii. lie ami there is sonic si(U's ji }ruo([ deal df over the population, luineroiis trihutarie-. nches of the stream eamp on the Yukon roin the ereek. Tli^ lie Bonanza find \va- he liircli Creek di> y let 4ites. To this en 'i can territory wa> e a party of ener- sion Creek on the te whicli has heen ps of the TJiiited Isle, was laid out the now American 50 and $100 nOw t prices will con- iigs are in process iness is said to he ■€ 45 r i^^i livt'lv iiikI lliiiii'ishiii;;'. Nrw cniiicr.-. .iit ;il I (resell I liviii;;' in Iciil,- \vliicl> (l(tl ill'.' uIhiIc low II site, jiiid I'l'uiii I he iiiiiiil)'.'!' (if lutiits (lail\ Icavirji' licrc uitli "( 'licctiak-ds'" U)v llic Aiiii'ricaii ^U\> * will iioi Ic Iniiii' ItcI'Drf l'!a;^l(' (ilv ii\al> hawstni. A- |ii'<'(licii'(| .iiany il iiia\ iMitLiriiw il. Tlic plalliiiv: tif MaL'l"' (ily ludk idacc lln' end nf .laiiiiarv IS'.IS. al'liT llic >iaiii|M'(l(' liail |ti'ii\rii ilic ^^ciirrai iiilrrcsi in tlir mallei, aiitl ilif aiixii'U of Aiiici'iraii- In .livi Itatk In Aiiicricaii h^rrilniT in ui'dcr lu work iimlcr llic liiicral miiiiii;: law- of Inch' Sam. 'I'lic >laiii|tc(lcr.- had slaked cvcrvl iiiii.u' in si^hl. individually aiitakcil all old claims thai had heeii |ti'aclically altandnned. The very latest reports received from the l'"orly-"Milo districi are \i< the ell'cct that rich mines are hciiii;' worked on Chicken. \a|>(deoii. Miller. Dominion and Alder Creeks, iiichidiiiu' .\'uyi;-et (iulch, while pi'oinisinji' |»i'os])ect< ai'c hein::' made almost daily. The wisdom of choo.-iii::- l^iiile ('it\ as the ceiilre of operations I'oi an all .\iiiericaii route to and from the liiited Slates is admitted l)\ all. In comiii;^' hy way (d' St. Michael the miner, bound lor the .\meri- cjin side, in u'oinn' to l"!a,i.':le ('ily i- never oiice t)i-(iu,uht in coiilacl with the ('aiiadian authority, hmee his oiitlit is not siihject to duty or iiispi'ction. .\n overland, winter, all American route has also been mapped out from l'"a,L;le City via the ('opper IJ'ver. over the divide from the ^'ukon .-onili to 'he sea coast in the Cult' of Alaska. This overland route is said lo be feasible and practira? besides hein,i:' >horter than the ^'ukoii and lake route-, and will remove many of the daii.uci's and diHiciillies that be-ct the pilizrim on his ti'i|) from either Dyea or Ska.tiwav over the trail and down rivers and lakes over Canadian territory. 'I'lie new route over which a trail h 'eady been blazed from Ma.Li'le City ,Li"oes aloiii:- Ameiicaii Creeek. around Mi. ArcC^uestiii. d situated iu)t more ihan about (iflv miles below Dawson, there is reallv no tellinu' how manv discontenti'd Klondikers will ino there befoi-e next summe'r. Forty Mile Creek rises in Alaska, but in ueltinji" to the ^'nkon ilows the last Iweniy-three miles in,u' ai ihe mouth of Ihe sti'eam is. of course, in Canada. Coarse gold was found on Ihe l-'orty ^lile iu 18SG, and since 1887 46 :U' iiiIht of hoiilH ilailv ^ir .l;|||||j|C\ '••ivsl ill |||i> iii;illri K'ric.'iii l('i'i-ii(»iT ill •If Siiiii. I. imiividiiiilly iind II'' ,:;fii('iMl iiiiiiiijo 'I'l fliiiiiis ih,-il hiiil ^lilt' (Jisirici jii'c til 'llicl<'i's iind liikcs ovor Ix'CM l)laz('d from . ^[('(^iiostiti. doAvii lo I lie Forty-l\rilo ic TaiiiHia conntrv • I'cc ((mtrol al] of lliroiinrli Ainoricaii iiii (Vcck and il? mid Doino Creeks, d business houses ■y ]»osi of seventy ;oo. diufiintTf; of Koi-jy d not more than elliiio- how many Slimmer. Fortv kon Hows the last iiiiiidian territory, onrse. in Canada. , and sinee 1887 N. A. T \ 1" Co.'s .Mcssciitfcrs. Tlio aliovc rt'|in!S('iits five of this ('(nnpiiiiy'- Mcsscimcis as iIh'.-simI I'ur tin' dvcilaiiil trip iiii ice iiiiil snow jii.-it Ix'foio leaving SJia«vva,\ I'lir Oawsoii, .larmar.v, iv.ijt. 47 ^* n, •M pliictT iiiiiiinu" liii:- hi'cii |)rns{'i'Ut('il uitli |ti"(»(ii. I)iil no cxlrjionliiiiii \| |ii(»lit — l(V a liiiiid of wtM'kcrs, \vli<» liavc takcii the hcst pay IVom il lowoi' riches of iho main crcM'k and Iroiii some of Ww. hciiches. hi.i| wlu) have iieceiid)er miners havi' heen ^alherin^ji; apiin ah)n^f the stream and in the setthMiienl, and the district lias resumed niudi of its ohl activity. \( thinis. l)u! on tlie Aniericaii end (»f ihi' creek some prospect inji' is uoiiiy ^;;i. and there is ptoil aulhoi-ity for the report that gold has heen sluu'k in paying (piantitic well within the houndarv. \:l (w* V J' ; ' t . .' ' flap 1 ^ If • Round About Forty Mile 'I iiis i'orly Mile !{i\(r \' ith its many triimtaries and their hranche is an ••'Uipii'e in exteiil. Almost as great as Seventy Mile ami its trih- utaries and .Mission K'iver in a less degree. The iKU'th fork' of J*'orty .Mile was nnex|)lored and unprospected until last .luk/. when gold was foiuul in paying (piantities on several creeks. The trihutaries of this north fork alone are twenty-live oi thirty creek,-, with their niimeroiis hranches. (Uily a few of whicli have heen at all prospected. This whole country is composed onl\ of mountains and rivers. ]*erhaps the richest discovery made outside of "l']|d"r.ido" is on Chicken Creek, where, on Discovery claim, there lias heen found at a de[)tli of seven feet gravel thai will go from $'3.(10 to .$ir).(M» to the pan. taken from any place. Claim owiu'rs on that claim olTer to wager any amount that lliey can show a gi'eater depth of rich ground than has ever heen found elsewhere in the Yiikcui country. l^ast winier fully -"iO!! nu-u were at work the Yukon. Indian Creek empties, and helwccii 'iidiaii Creek and the Klondike the Yukon receives l'a!;er Creek. "The Stewart joins this i-nat concourse (d' waters ahoul sixty-five miles ahove the moufli of Indian Creek. The Klondike's headwaters are unknown- st) are the Stewart's. Nothing certain can be said of tlie length of either. Pros|)ect()rs ha.e gone 150 miles up the Klon- 48 I 1 .t I it m> ('Xlrjionliiijii \ ' Ix'sl pay IVoiii tl." if IIU! l)(M\('lU'S. In,' iilly j>n)s)H'(t('(l ;i I Milo (listricl of In •caclu'd $1.(100,00(1; W'^ afjiiin alon^f jli ■ ' rcsnniod iniieli nl" ! (»M tlu' AuKM'ican and tluTc is <^tuu\ 11 paying (|iianliti(- and tlu'if l)ranclu\- \' Mile anil its trih- and iin|)r()Si)eet(Ml lantitics on several are twenty-five oi y a few of wliieli i> cuniposed onl\ "l']ld"r.ido" is on as l)een fonnd at a ) to $15.00 to the lat claim offer to »tli of I'icli gronnd (•onntry. ■ elaiin. In a few »ri' shallow creek- er, (he amount of er ol time, inonev 1TAL. |sl reams of wliieli iCr. Haker Creek. Klondike enter,- M|> llie Vnkon. [id tlu' Klondik( aboni sixty-five I ike's headwaters |i can be said of l(N n|) tlie Kloii s 2 a o » o c it t GO ed u 'a 49 w 1 * ' . I I 7.' •:«>' 3 M . .4 diki'. iiinl il is more thiin ii brook tliciv. T\\v Iinlijiiis uivc tlu' impros- siuii I hilt till' Sti'Wiirl is ;}(»() niilcs loiij:'. Il.ikcr ( 'ix'ok is li'ss (linii sixtv mill's lonu'. Iiuliiin Cri'ck has a coiirsi' of 100 iniirs, apjU'oM iiiati'lv. ^riii'si' lour stri'ams How somi'\> hat jtaralli'l with oni' aiiothi-r. and tliroiijih a riiujicil, moimtaiiioiis ri'^ion. lu'avily '.iiiihi'icil with spriici. hiri'h and poplar, and m'IT dillicnlt lo travcrsi'. •'Till' Strwarl hi'.s hiuKirrds ol' ndles of trihntarii's, iiono ol' uhiili. howrviT, havi hcon hroiijjlit proniinonlly into n()tici'. Indian Creek has several small hranehes. anion;:; them Dominion Creek. A tril)ntar\ of Dominion Creek is Sulphur Creek. Uakei" Creek has some small hranehes. none mueh mentioned. The Klondike has three ranioii> hranehes — bonanza Creek, Uear Creek and Hunker Creek; and se\eral not famous, iu)tal)ly Too Mneli (iolil Creek and Qni^^ley Creek. *"l»onanza Cieek enters the Kloiulike two miles above the mouUi o! that rivei', and its course is northwesterly. It is twenty-three miles lonji, eai-ryinj^- AOO inehes at low water, and has for tributaries Adams Creek, l''ld()rado Creek ami N'ietoria Creek on the ri^ht hand side to- ward the headwalei's, and (iouvan Creek, Home Slake Creek, Skoo- kuin ", joins Hoininza about ten nnles from the mouth. McCorniack's branch is about live miles loiiii and forks from the main stream about sixteen miles from the mouth, (iouvan. Ilomestake, Skookum and (Jalvin flow into Uonanza at points between the forks and MIdorado." Dawson and its Fortunes. The newly established city of Dawson is located near the mouth of the Klomlike river, where it em|)ties into the Yukon. It is laid out in i-ectan;;!ilar shape into town lots. The streets are sixty-five feel wide. It is situated on a stretch of low ;;r >und on the north- west baid< of the ^'ukon. a shoi-t distance below the mouth of the Klondike. Only two years a;:"o a vast majority of its inhabitants lived in tents, but a ;rreat many houses were l»uilt each season since then. Some of these are (piitc substantial buildings. The hest and most commodious, iiside from the extensive and imposinjj warehouses of the North American Transpoi'tation and Trading; Company, are occupied by saloons and >;and)lin,u- houses: and these places, as is the case in all minin;r centers, are excessively patronized. 'J'own lots in Dawsiire, some of them brin*rin;j,- as much as $-;?0.000 each. Dawson City is, of course, a lively minin;; town. The population which has yone in there is of an exceediuiily mixed kin»> idl the deeencio and establishing the conveniences of a city in tlie States. 50 IIS ojvi' till' iiiipros- ( 'rt'i'k is less lluiii Oi) miles, approM with (nic iinotluT. il.v !iinlK'i.x'r a, I'ork, tlirec njf, joins Monanza •anch is ahout live sixteen miles from (Jalvin flow into Ki near the month Yukon. It is laid 'cts are sixty-five nd on the north- he mouth of the inhabitants lived eason since then. The best and K)sinj>; warehouse^ 1^' Com|tany, are places, as is the I. 1\)wn lots in )l' them brintrin;:' The population kind, including'' every phase of present no ser- s nothing? in tht: )crs do not wear o oi- manipulate dressed in the d: on all the in tlie States. Dawson Characteristics l.)aw8on City is one of the must peculiar towns to hi' f<»!uul in tlie woi'ld just at present. With its assorted population, jiviu'ral ehar- ■ . act eristics and ever-changinj;' [diases, it presents a picture that is sel- jjom found in the world's history. With such a miscellaneous po|)U- lisition the wonder is that there is so little trouble. There is mow. ihoney chaniiin;^' hands in Dawson during- a month than theiv i^ throufih a whole year in many cities of the I'liiteil States of twice the size. i>y money is meaid gold dust and money both. It is safe to say, thoiijih, that there is more liold (lu>t in Dawson than its e(|uivaK'nt in coin. Dawson at the latest reports contained as near as could be judjied 20,()()() inhabitants of all creeds and nationalities and composes an exeeedinji^ly ])ictures(iue scene. -One thint; easily dislinicking mmiey out of the dirt In Hie handful literally. Where the Gold is Cradled. "I>ut all this is merely the skimming of grease from the pot: the st»up remains, and ])re( ions soup it is. The bulk of the wealth is in the rocks of the hills, waiting only for proper machinery to take it m M' ^-fif I ■ r' il -i 1 '■• i ^^ out. I'\»i- you must remomher that the gold was originally stored in veins of the rocks, which are of an exceedingly ancient formation. Nobody can say how many millions of years since the metal was pjil there, but it must have been an enormously long time back. "The streams wore away the rocks, carrying gold with them, and this process continued for ages, making inmfiense deposits of rich, gold-beaiing gravels. Eventually thepe deposits were themselves transformed into rocks — a sort of conglomerate in which pebbles small and big are mixed with what was once sand. To-day the strata composed of this conglomerate .are of immense extent and unknown thickness. The formation closely resembles that of the auriferous 'banket' or pudding stone of the South African gold fields; but the South African pudding stone was in far remote antiquity a sea beach, whereas the Alaskan formation is a deposit made by streams, as I have said. "In the latter epo. h the stream continued to gnaw away at the hills, bringing down more gold and leaving it behind in the gravel at their bottoms. It is these comparatively modern rivers which arc responsible for the pay dirt of the Klondike district and of all thai region. Naturally, because it was easily got at and worked, the miners have struck this surface alluvium first. The streams at various times have followed different courses, aud it is in the gravels of the drv and disused channels that the gold miucir. dig '."ith such fabulous profit. "You will observe from what I have said that the gold of that region exists under three widely different conditions — in the gi'avels. in the conglomerate or pudding stone, and in the ancient rocks of the hills. When the modern stream deposits, now being worked, arc used up, the miner can tackle the conglomerate, which represmts the gravels of ages ago. Finally, when they are provided with tin requisite machinery, they will be in a position to att^ick the masses ol yellow wealth that are stored in the veins of the mountains. At pres- ent we can hardly consider that the first bite has been taken of tbo golden feast which Alaska offers to the hungry man." Women in the Klondyke. It is probable that out of a total po})ulati<)n of about 30,000 who were in the Klondike in 1898 at the close of navigation, about SOd were women or a proportion of about sixty men to every woman. Thi' majority of those women went into the Klondike last year. A good many of these ladi'-- were seen on the trail between Skagway ami Daw son. They were mostly strong, healthy women, as they iiad good need' to be if they ever wanted to roach their destination. Some of them worked as hard as the men. It was quite a common thing to see a woman with a fifty-pound pack on her back, or pulling a loaded sled or handling a heavy oar. They appeared to recognize the fact that they were not out for a picnic, and all seemed to be less disheartened than the men themselves. Many of these ladie^ were accompanied by their husbands, many were not; though of course all but very few travelled under some kind of nnale protection The home life of a Dawson lady is not very eventful. It is com posed mostly of two elements, work and rest, with the former largeh 62 . originally storerl ncient formation. ,he metal was pnl ne back. (1 with them, and deposits of rid!. were themselves in which pebbles To-day the strata out and unknown of the anrifel•ou^ >ld fields; but the iqiiity a sea beach. streams, as I have ^naw away at the lind in the gravel n rivers which arc ct and of all thai vorkcd, the miners IS at various times [jravels of the dn •ith such fabulous b the gold of thai ns — in the gi'avelp. ncient rocks of the being worked, arc , which represmts provided with tin .iick the masses ol untains. At pres- )een taken of th< alHUit 30.000 wh.' igation, about 50* i 'very woman. Th: ast year. A good Skagway and Daw as they iiad goo«' tination. Some ol common thing to 3r pulling a loaded recognize the faoi all seemed t< any of these ladie- •e not; though o! >f male protection entful. It is com the former largeh predomiiiatiug. Social functions having scarcely been introtluced there yet, and the visiting list of most Dawson ladies is short and sweet. The theater and public places are quite impossible to her and whatever excitement she gets must be from the companionship of her husband or a very small circle of friends, and from the constant contemplation of the fact that the day will, or at any rate, may arrive, when they will be able to leave Dawson forever with a snug little fortune, to make up in the future for what they have suffered in the past. Child Life at Dawson. With the married ladies at Dawson there are of course some children. They are not numerous, probably one hundred all told. How some of these little tots — particularly those who went in by the Skagway and over trails — ever got to Dawson is really astonisliing. The Oh'ilcoot Summit is realty a pretty hard nut to crack even for a strong man and yet many of these children climbed it without any assistance. The hardships of the trail did not appear to hurt them, and all seonied to treat the wjude thing as a huge j)icnic where there was all kinds of fun. At J^awson the boys and girls are in the nature of things inclined to nin nither wild. There is no school for them yet and their only i)layground is the street, which in a mining camp is not exactly a kindergarten. Everybody in Oawson is t.here to make money, and i:hough tin; boys appear to enjoy exc'lleiu health they also seeui to consider that tliat is not exactly what they went to Dawson for. They are apparently there for busi- ness just as much as the nu'n. They cannot register m.i.dng claims as no doubt many of them would, but they have adopted a novel sort of mining in the city itself. They wash the sweepings of the largo saloons and stores and find it often very good "pay." A boy who is in this businesss will arrange with one or two of the business places where a large amount of gold dust is handled to put aside the dirt that is swept from the floor every morning. This dirt luay be regarded as his claim and every day tluit is gold pan in his hands; lie will go there and carefully wash the whole of this little "dump." In this way boys are said to make as nnich as from $3.00 to $5.00 a day, and everyone will admit that they richly deserve it. There aTo many other ways in which the boys make nu)ney- They are always on the lo<)kout for something t) sell. During tlie summer when the war excitement was on an anufull of newspapers was a horanza to them. IVhiny a little fellow "struck it rioh" with a batch Oi .lewspapers. If they cannot get newspapers to sell they will get anything they can get — fresh salmon, fruit, anything to turn an honest penny. From an educational point of view it is evident that the life of the boys and girls of Dawson is not what might be desired, but the life makes them hearty and self-reliant, and if they do not stay here too long it may perhaps do them more good than harm. Klondike Output for 1898. It has been impossible to secure any satisfaetorv data relative to last year's J-HBS) output of gold for the Klondike dist/ict. Many of 53 ..f ♦g> cd N 13 Cd a o a i « u ce 6* eg a a I a s s ed the niiruM-s rcl'ii.-c to ^Hvc inroniiiilidii as lo tlic vicid of l.licir minos, hikI oIIuts \Aiivv a low cslijiialo on I heirs in order to evade (lie pay- ment of royailtv to the Canadian government I'or the Tull amount. l'|) to Jnne '14, lHt)H. nearly $r)O0,(MU> had been paid to the ^oM eomniissioners, i'e|)resentin;>' royalties on al)oiit $.").()()(),( KM), hut sinee that time nearly $'^,(MK),ut for t!u' season at $!),00(),()()(), which includes a lar»re amount that evaded the payment iA' royalty. This a^ji;re>i:ate is divided amonjr the ditVeriMit creeks as foHows: Kl- dorado, $4.()0(),()00: lionanza. $:"{,(>()(»,(>(>(>: liuid 1 if ^« Napoleon and Davis I'rui'ks, all tribularics oJ! Foily Mile, are known to be rich. Chicken Creek, which was discovered two years ago, is the best creek in the district. It enters Forty Mile about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth, and can be worked either in winter or in summer. The ground is rich, but irregular. Tbe greater i)art of the Forty Mile district wius for many years supposed to be in American territory, but by the survey of Mr. William Ogilvie in 18J)G (and of which there is some doubt as to its correctness) the Canadian government claims jurisdiction as follows: Gold Creek, (jlacier (reek. Miller Creek, all but one mile of Bedrock Creek, Moose Creek, l"'iist Fork of Moose Creek, twenty-three miles of Forty Mile liiver, one mile of the three hejids of Smith ('reek, one uiile of several beads of Canon Creek on the ea.st side ol the main stream and about one mile of Davis and Poker Creeks. The bound- ary line is plainly marked by cuts through tbe woods from tbe creek beds to the hill tops. Circle City will undoubtedly |)rosper through the coming year and will probably be the largest town in 'northern Alasika. Jt is about eighty-five miles in a direct line from tbe boundan' line, although the distance by way of the river is over two bundnnl miles, (jireic (Jity is the distributing point fo" the liirch Creek Miut^, which were discovered in August, l.S*);}. Birch Creek is about three .iund and is subject ; and subject to relocation. It enters the Yukon fnun the west some fiftv miles above Circle City. Preacher Creek, which entei's IJirch Creek sixty miles from Circle City, is one hundred and fifty miles in length, ami has been prospected but little. There are a large number of creeks in the Hirch Creek district, which will pay from eight to ten dollars to the num but which, of course, canm)t be worked at the prevailing wages and under present processes. The g-old of these creeks is of better quality than any other district on the Yukon, much of it going as high as $19 an ounce. The j^round in most of the gulches is shallow and easily worked and are winter a.s well as sunmier diggings. Then there is ihe Minook district, the Tamimi and a large number of other streams which are known to carry gold, and there will be no trouble for the prosj)ector to find plenty of territory to ramble over, without being crowdeil for elbow room. Fort Selkirk Rejuvenated (Hd Kort Selkirk, on the Yukon, has been given a new othcial lea.'^e of life. I^asi fall the stockade and governinent gnmnds were bustling with men in the bright-colored uniforms of the Knglisli regular artillery and infantry and cavalry — for all these arniy branches go to the make-up of the detachnu'ut just stidioned there. They W(U'ked night and day to get things in sha|)e for the winter. Bar- racks had to be built, a big supply of firewood cut and provisions for the little garrison brought down the river. Fort Selkirk has actually been |)rovided with ordnance: not such ordnance as would cause a rough rider to think twice, but nevertheless ordnance suitable for the Yukon. Two Maxim rapid fire guns and three seven-poinulers are plaided around the stockade, which includes a number of recently completed buildings. There are eight in all; barracks, officers' quarters and hos]>ital. There are two hundretl men ;of all ranks in the detaclnuent and it is evident they are there to back up the monnted police in their efforts to keep hiw and order among the miners. Future of the Yukon Country. No man who has entercnl Alaska has had better opportunities for studying the countiT or is in all ways so competent to forwast its future as (^apt. J. J. TTealy. liately he said: ''The Klondike region is, of course, sinqdy phenomemil in richness, and there are ]>robal)ly 200 claims, which will yield $500,000 each before they are worked out. There is plenty of $8 and $10 country all about, which is not worked, but in twenty years from now it will be and the country will support 100,000 miners instead of 2-o,00(». f However, the Klondike is but one branch of the Yukon river, of which [our country has l.fiOO miles and the Canadian govemment 700. There [are probably one thousand tributaries of the Yukon as large as the [Klondike and nearly as good. A placer claim that sold for $25,000 |was the highest T ever beard of previous to my going to the Yukon country, and one that sold for $250,000 was beyond anything T ever 67 i !.;• i d (liciiiiiicd nl' -lull lliiil is \\li;il is seen on llic ^'lll^;^l|l cvcrv diiy. find Jln- |«'(i|)li' wild |iiii'cliiisc ilicni slainl to ^cl tlicir nioncv Imck luici' over. Tlic ^'idettle(l. and wa;:('s a|»proaeh a reasonal>le snni. it will he easier for (•(»mpanies to work their claims. When ordinary miners tict from •^l") to .$•.'(> a day it is hijiher than any company can all'ord to pay and more than I ever heard ol' in the most jtrosperoiis days of Montana and Idaho. I'.v the old time process il cost lil'ly > ents to <»() cents to the one dollar to ji'ei the L;o|d ont and it' we c(»i.i(l nse ordinary pro- cesses it wonid cost ahont ten cents. |>y Deeendu'r 1st the «rround is frozen to hedroek and that is the time I'or the ndner to start in. There has heeii ahout $1 •i.(Hii».(Mi(» in «>old taken ont of .\laska in the last twelve months and there will he ^iSd.OOO.Odd more in the next. .\s to the ordinary everyday life in the ^'ukon country, my wife and I have lived in Dawson foi- the last year and we are ji'oin^' hack in the sprin;^ There are t;tiod and had jieople there as well as any- where else. The captain here named as promising camps for this year: Dawson an ("ity. i-'ort ^'nkon. llampart City. Weare and llealey on the island of St. Michael- -the last two heini:' snpply points. . ,' No Starvation on the Yukon. The nnnin |>ii_v iiiid .Motilfimi > cents to nni'v |»i'(i- c ground sliirl ill. M;isl<;i in the next. my uilV in^- l)iic|< I iis iiny- I'or lliis Ljli' ("ity, ■ on the licliiicTs y siilTcr in tons: ' a W\ii •eceive iners n r tlie eiic Ti •el the )Oi|tS." m it Q c «8 "2 5 o o H X 1^; \. A. )!■ tlie 59 VMi ir-> '4 I . Vi local pn«8s and gave these opinions as to the prospects in the \'oukon during the seaeou uf 1809: This winters operations will depend largely as to their extent upon the attitude of the Dominion Government. The output for the paat season was unqiiestionahly much less than it would have been but for the heavy duties imposed upon the mining and lumbering indus- tries. It seems strange that the Dominion Tioveniment should tax so heavily the two iiulustries that should remain unburdened. When the royalty was placed upon the gold output and the size of the claims were reduced to 350 feet, it sent thousands of prosjteetors back to the American side. Jt is simply 1,35?0 s(juare feet against )iM) feet: The former is the size of the American placer claims and ti»e latter that of Canada. Mr. Ogilvie, the new ('oinmissioiu?r, is a good man for the country but ho is jwwerless to reduce or abolish the royalty. He told me that himself a short while before I left Dawson. We hope for much from the C'anadian Authorities, but of course wo are in the dark yet as to what we will get. We have bad a large force of men working on our mining proper- lies all summer, and have not taken out $1.00 yet. Our method is Jicw in that country, but it bas been practiced in Siberia, and it 's the only reasonable way of working placer mines in that frozen zone. We merely peel the moss off the ground to as great a depth as possible leaving the mud and gravel exposed to the rays of the sun. In many cases we have reached the gravel and removed part of the muck by sluicing. It will all go off when the sun gets to work next summer. Then it will be possible to sluice out the pay dirt just as is done in warmer climates. We can then take out as much gold in thirty days sluicing as ordinarily uiuler old methods it would take five years to do. The output of the Klondike district next season will be trebic that of the last year. The country is fast getting down to a business basis, ft needs no booming. TJie American side of the line is developing rapidly and it will produce heavily next year, so that the total output of" the Youkon district will be several times larger than ever before. Gold-Seekers Move Down Stream. The Alaskan end of the Youkon ba.sin seems as deserving of care- ful examination as the portion in Canada. This has come to be appre- ciated so that soon there will be considerable gold-seeking on the American side of the line. At present the most extensive prospect- ing on this side is going on along the Koyukuk River. The Koyukuk is the Youkon's largest affluent, having the length of 800 miles or more. Small steam boats can navigate the stream for most of its course. Years ago, soft gold was washed from bars nearer the source than the mouth, but no coarse gold was found, and the river was deserted for the coarse gold diggings on the Forty Mile and about Circle City. The old time prospecting amounted to next to nothing for no bed rock was examined. Since June of 1898 about 750 men have gone up the Koyukuk intending to work, and in as much as they are generally equipped W for two years and have more than twenty small steamers of their own something should come of their presence in this unknown region! Most of them urc occupied in Kitting into winter quarters and not much prospecting ha^ been done. There are severid weli-foundiKl reports of rich finds by these late comers, but all that can be said is that "Hour" gold has been obtained recently from some bars, and the experienced miners think well of the surface indications away uj) strejun. Matters at Birch Creek. Why some in»ri have turned to the Koyukuk iiistejul of Birch Creek is not clear, for the IJirch Crwk district is known to have value and there is some proved groinxl oblninable on easy tenns and a good deal of room for the; })rospector. Probably 500 would cover the population, but before the Youkon freezes this nund»er may be doubled or treMed by miners from Dawson. Birch Creek is more than .'{00 miles long and has iiiiuum'ous tributaries. Since 1891 mining ha.** been carried on along branches of the stream lying forty to sixty miles from Circle City, which camp on the Youkon is reached by an over-land travel of eight mih-s from tht ci'cek. The yield of gold has been a))out $l>,000,000. When the Btmanzu find was made there wen; about 1,500 to ;ii,000 jjcrsons in the Birch Creek district and they were getting on passably well; but they let go every thing and rushed ])ell-nu'll to the Klondike, and when Mr. Samuel Dunham airived at Circle (!ily, in the summer of 1.S07, his census luunbenHl only thirty souls. No very rich spots have been found on Birch Creek and no large fortunes have been inade tlu're; but if the rush had not taken place the Circle City diggings would have gone on yielding moderate returns to the hard working, for in the bottom's is to be found n large quantity of low grade gravel whi<;h is worth working, and there are creeks that have still no acquaintance with the gold-pan. A long time will be required to prospect the liindi ('reek carefidly, and it is too soon to estimate the wealth that will be produced, but whether new strikes t)e made or not, there will be a large output of gold from Birch (Veek placers within the next decade, although it M'ill be just as well to keep in mind that the men who do the digging will have very little fun aiul will need a big supply of muscle, courage and mos«iuito netting. The diggings are most economically operated in the summer. Wearing Apparel, Outfits, Etc. With the improvement in transportation service the past year con- ditions have entirely changed. The North American Transportation and Trading Co. owning fourteen trading posvs on the Yukon River and its tributaries, buying its goods by carload lots, transporting same on their own boats, are enabled to furnish prospectors', miners' and tourists' outfits^ supplies, etc., in any quantity at reasonable prices, which makes it unnecessary that six months' or a year's supplies com- ing into the country. Sufficient money to pay your expenses one year should be taken with you. 61 IS 1% "t M' V i M ON THE CANADIAN SIDE. General Pointers Tlu' Xortliwcsi 'I'l'ii-ittirv on the ('iuiiuliiin Side is wol! known on accotiiil of the licli phiccr iniiifs on the Kloiidiki' h'ivcr and its trihnlai'ics. I)iit sonic new discoveries have recently Ix'cn niado on Slewart Ifiver and Tliistlc Creek, the value of which are not known as ycl on acconni of the strikes havinii' licen ii;adc about the time of closing of naviuatioM. anil lull I'cports have not been received. The output of ti of i-enulalions rcspeitinji' the Yukon terri- tory: Timber. .\pplicatioiis I'oi' pernnssiiui t(» cut iiiu!)er in the ^'ukon Territorv, either \indei- liecnsc oi' pennil. should be made to tjie Tindiei' .\gvnis of the Yukon Territory. Land. riu' ('(uunussioner at l)a\v>iim is empowered to sell land in the ^'ukiui TcrriloiT at an up-ct prici' at the rati' of frou) $10 to if^'io an acre. .\pplicati(ms fiu- i.'ira/.in;:' and hay lands should also be made t(i the ( 'ommi>;sioner ;it 1 )a\\ -im. Dredging. .\p)dicatious fur permission to dredue for minerals in the lu'ds of rivers in the ^'ukon 'I'erritory sboidd bi' mad*' t(» the Secrotar\. Department lieant. Hydraulic Mining. .\pplicatio?is for locations to be worked liy the hydraulic or otlier minin,:: [)r()ce feet lon-r l)v l.:.(i(» r.ct wide, |,v markiii^r jt with two Icpil posts, one at each end. on ilic line of th.(^'h>d(' ov \vir, and niarkinj: out tho iiiic hctwci-n the posts, and |>hi(inr Ifcconh-r «d' the District within lifieen (hiys after hxation thcrool', ir h)cnted witliin ten miles (d' the Ifccorder's onicc. jin ,iddi- lional day hcinj^- allowed for each addit <»nal ten miles. In the event of a claim lu'in«i more than loii niiles liom a IJc- (•orders ollice and sitiiate(| where other claims an^ l»einj:- located, the Free Miners, not less than live in nnnd>er. may appoint a Free Miners' Ifecorder; hut if the hitter fails within thii-e months tt) notifv tli( nearest (Government Mininf>- Ifecordcr of his a|tpointmeiit. the claims wlii<'h he may have ri'corde •$.">. Placer. ('hnni> in the Viik(»n 'rerrilorv are Creek, (iiilcli. h'iver and iiill ehiims. They are ■.'•'>(> feet in leniith measured in the general direction of the cieek or rivt'r. and from lts, one at each end. .\n entry for a claim must he ohtained within ten days if the location is within ten mih's of the Miinnii' JJecoi'der's oiriee. One extra dav is allowed for every additional ten mile< or fraction thcictd'. In the event of a claim ln'in«>' more than H»<» nules from a Iie(t)rder's ollice. the sanu> rule applies as in ((iiart/ minini: reiinlations foi' recording- the claim. 'I'ju' person or company who olttains an entry for a claim nnist ludd a Five .Miner's Ci'riilicatc. Fveiy alternate' ten claims are re- served t(t the Crown. ^riie discoverer to a claim is entitled to oOO feet in len,<:lh. If tin parly consists of two discoverers, two claims may he ur.'iuted ainoiiiU- iiijtj t(\ircthei- to 1,0(1(1 feet in lene deemed to he ahandoned when the same shall have n'lnaincd iinworked for three consecutive w(M-king dnya of 2\ hours each, iiidcss uni an annual poll tax. Employers ar(> forl)iu want to buikl a bridge you must pay a royalty running up into the thousands, and the same if you ws until the beginning of Juiu'. The mercurv frecpu'ntly falls to (;() degrees below zero, hut in the interior there is so little humidity in the atmosphere that the c(.ld is more easily eiuiured than on the coast. In the abseiuc of thernionieters. miners, it is said, leave their mercury out all ni.oht ami when thev find it frozen solid in the morn- ing they conclude that it is K.o cold to work. The temperature runs to great extremes in sumnu'r. as well as in winter, it being quite a comm(Ui thing for the thermometer to register 100 decrees in the shade." (!0 iket is at iiiercurv 5 a good s as fol- io width suitable 'der thai d es(japc [) with ;i lids, lik( T end of 2 case ot d dovvii- d by its ; if it is tch it. ed as by I secured ler pros- '. Tliey bed-rock [)ed in a loxes are niner to iiu'thod ak is at is over- others lleness. \h'V :Mld lly falls uniidity on the ve their e luorn- ire runs (juite a in the a 07 THE AMERICAN SIDE. i 1 «\ ft Minerals. — Gold, silver, copper, galena, antimony, plumbago, mica, asbestos, coal, iron, cinnabar, sulphur and other metals and minerals have been found in Alaska. The many tributaries along both sides of the 2,000 miles of the Yukon River not yet prospected, offers splendid opportunities to the prospector, and the further dis- covery of gold bearing quartz on the American side will no doubt lead to a great stampede in that direction. The American side is developing wonderfully. The principal strikes being near Eagle City on Forty Mile River, Mission and Ameri- can Creeks; Star City on Seventy Mile River; Independence City on Chariie River; Circle City on Bire\ Creek; Fort Yukon on Porcupine River; Rampart on Manook Creek; Weare on Tanana River, and up the Koyukuk River; also in (Jolovin Bay and Fish River Districts, off from Norton Sound. The above rivers and creeks have rich tribu- taries and the minc^ promise big outputs in the near future. To reach these points by the route of the N. A. T. and T. Co. you pay but one fare including meals and berths, and with but one trans- fer at Healy, St. Michael's Island. Secure your transportation via the N. A. T. and T. line and you 'Aill then know before you start how much it will cost you and when you will reach your destination. Remember that its boats will be the first to reach these new dig- gings and you will save both time and money by waiting for the fiwt trip of the elegant and commodious ocean steamship ^'Roanoke'', sail- ing from Seattle on or about June 10th, 1899. Work on American Creeks. The creeks on the American side are mostly shallow or summer diggings, suitable for ground sluicing or hydraulic work. They can be worked much cheaper than deep diggings where the ground has to be burned and hoisted with a bucket and windlass. On many of these creeks the gold is found distributed throughout the ground, and not on bed rock only, as is the case in the deep diggings in the Klond>e district. All prospected work can be done to better advant- age in the \dnter when the giound is frozen to bed-rock, than in summer, when water is liable to drr/e out the prospector. Discovery claim on Walker's Fork, owned by the Pierce Bros., was prospected last winter, by sinking to bed rock, at intervals across the creek. Bed rock was found at a depth of six to eight feet, and a pay streak was located 145 feet wide on bed rock, from one to two fee't thick. This ground would go from 3 cents to 40 cents to the pan. They weie working this claim in August and taking out from 1 to 3 ounces per day to the man. It is the only claim on the creek being worked; others are being prospected and better pay reported on clJms six and eight miles below Discovery. This creek is seventy-five or eighty milee long, with many tributaries. Poker and Davis, empty- ing near Discovery, were being worked when the Klondike was struck, and during the past summer several claims have been worked again, producing from 1 to 2 ounces per man ground sluicing. Other tributaries are Cherry, Big Shookum, Twelve Mile, Lib- erty, McKinley, Wade, etc. All have been found gold-bearing. The size of claims on the American side is twenty acres; 1320 by 660 feet where local regulations have not restricted the size of claims. On Walkers' Fork claims are 1000 feet instead of 1320. Miners on each creek, if they so desire, can authorize and pass laws not in conflict with the United States laws governing their own district. Canadians Not Shut Out. It is provided by the act of reciprocity passed by the United States as to mining claims in Alaska: That native-bom citizens of the Dominion of Canada shall be accorded in said District of Alaska the same mining rights and privileges accorded to citizens of the United States in British Columbia and the Northwest Territory by the laws of the Dominion of Canada or the local laws, rules and regulations; but no greater rights shall be thus accorded than citizens of the United States or persons who have declared their intention to become such may enjoy in said District of Alaska; and the Secretary of the Interior shall from time to time promulgate and enforce rules and regulations to carry this provision into effect. — Public Bill No. 39, Sec. 13; approved May 14th, 1898. was MINING LAWS IN ALASKA. Placer Claims. The general mining laws of the United States apply to Alaska. Claims usually called "placers" are subject to entry and patent under United States mining law. No single individual can locate more than twenty acres of placer land, and no location by an association of persons can exceed one hundred and sixty acres. These are the maximum amounts which can be located by a person or association, but smaller areas can be located, and this has been aone in several cases in Alaska where there is not sufficient ground to allot full sized claims. The price per acre of placer claims is $2.50. When a placer contains veins or lodes, the cost per acre for such included vein or lode, with twenty-five feet on each side thereof, is $5 per acre, the remainder, the ordinary price for placer land. If the claim be all placer ground, the fact must be stated in the appli- cation and corroborated by accompanying proofs. If of mixed placers and lodes it should be set out with a description of all known lodes, separately, situated in the boundaries of the claim. A specific ieclaration as to each lode intended to be claimed must be made, any other lode knov.ii to exist within the limits of such placer claim, and not covered oy such declaration, is by the silence of the applicant excluded by law from all claimed by him of whatsoever nature, possessory or otherwise. I 4 When a new district is discovered, miners may select a Recorder of Claims, providing no regular government official, authorized to pnrform such duties, is within convenient distance. All locationa must he distinctly marked on the ground, and the official survey thereof is required to be identical with or within the lines of the recorded location. II Lode Claims. A lode location may contain an area of twenty and sixty-six hun- dredths acres. It may "be fifteen hundred feet in length and six hun- dred feet in width, but no more. The end lines of a location must be parallel. The location must be distinctly marked on the ground. The official survey of same is required to be identical with or within the lines of location. The price for a lode claim is $5 per acre. Patent. A patent for land claimed or located under the United States Mining Laws applicable to Alaska may be obtained in the following manner: Any person, association or corporation, entitled by law to locate mineral lands, having a valid location on placer ground or vein, oi lode, wishing to make entry of same must first have an official survey of it. The survey must be executed by a duly appointed United States Deputy Mineral Sui-veyor. The fii-st step to be taken to secure this end is to obtain a certified copy of the location notice from the Recorder of the district in which the claim is situated of the claim sought to be surveyed, and forward same to the United States Sur- veyor General with an application for survey, together with a request that an estimate of the cost in connection therewith be furnished. If the location conforms to law and regulations thereunder, the estimate will be furnished. The applicant will then deposit the re- quired amount in some United States Depository, and upon receipt of the duplicate certificate of deposit by the Surveyor General, he will issue order for survey. Upon approval of the survey by the Surveyor General, the appli- cant will be furnished with two approved plats and a certified copy of the field notes thereof. The claimant will then post rne of the plats, together with a notice of application for patent, in a con- spicuous place on the land embraced in such plat. The claimant will then file the other plat and the certified copy of the field notes with his application for patent in the proper U. S. Land Office, together with the affidavit of, at least, two persons that the proper notice ha& been duly posted on the claim, and shall file a copy of said notice in such Land Office, and shall thereupon be entitled to a patent to the land in the following manner: The Register of said Land Office, upon the filing of such applica- tion, plat, field notes, notices and affidavits, shall publish a notice that such application has been made, for a period of sixty days in a newspaper, to be by him designated as published, nearest to such claim, and he shr.ll post such notice in his office for the same period. The claimant at the time of filing such application, or at any time thereafter, within sixty days of publication, shall file with Registei 70 rey the lusl ind. thin a certificate of the U. S. Surveyor ClencraJ, that $500 worth of work has been expended, or improvement made upon the claim by himself or grantors; that (lie plat is correct, with such further description ol natural object by reference to natural obhcts or permanent monu- ments as shall identify the clajin and furnish an accurate description to be incorporated in the patent, at the expiration of the sixty days of publication, the claimant shall file his affidavit showing that the plat and notice have been posted in a conspicuous place on the claim Huring the period of publication. If no adverse claim shall have been filed with the Register of the Land Office at the expiration of sajd sixty days, the claimant is entitlcrl to a patent, upon the pay- ment to the proper ofTlce of $5 per acre in the case of a lode claim, arid $Si.50 for a placer. The Act of Congress of .May Vt, 1884, providing a civil govom- inent for Alaska, provides that: "'i'he laws of the I'nitcd States relating to mining claims and the rights inciilcnt tlu'ivto, >hail, from and after the passage of this act, he in full i'orci' and dliu t in said district." The further mining laws ajtjdiealde are as follows: I'nited States I{evise cha|)ter, having claimed and located a piece of land for sucli |)urpost's, who has, or have, comp'ie(| with the terms of this chapter, may file in the proper land ttlice an ap|>lication for a patent, un 4 snrvcvfir-^'cncral, in oxtondlnj; the snrvovs sbull adjust llu» snrnr to the liuiiiitliirirs of siuli patented ilaiins, aicordiii-; In tli. |rlat or descrip- tion tlieiH'ol', l»nt so as in no ease to interlVre willi or eininge the loca- tion of any sneli patented elaini. Act ui Con^Mvss of .laniiaiy 'i'i, IHHO.— An act to nniend sections twcnty-tlucc liiindred and tweiit.v-fonr and twent.v-tliree luindred and twenty-live of the Kevistnl Statutes of the l.'nited States concerning mineral lands. lie it enacted, etc., TImt section twenty-thive liiindfed and twenty- five of the Uevised Statutes of the I'nited States he amended hy addinj; hereto the I'oHowin^' words: "I'rovided, That where the claim- ant for a patent is not a resident of or in the land district wherein the vein, lode, led^ie or deposit somrht to he patented is located, the ap- plication for patent and the allidavits re(|uired to he made in this sec- tion hy the clainuuit for such patent may he made hy his, her, or its authorized a^ent where said agent is conversant with the facts sou^^ht to he estahlished hy said aihdavits; and provided. That this section shall apply to all a|>plications now pendinjj; for |)atents to mineral lands.'* Sec. '^. That secticm twenty-three hundred and twenty-four of the Hevi.'osse.ssion of all veins or lodes within three thousand feet from the face of such tunnel on the line thereof, not previously known to exist, discovered in such tunnel, to the same extent as if discovered from the surface; and such loca- tions on the line of such tuniu'l of veins or lodes not appearing on the surface, made hy other parties after the commencement of the tunnel, and while the .same is heing prosecuted with reasonahle dili- gence, shall he invalid; hut failure to prosecute the work on the tunnel for six nu)nths shall he considered as an ahaiulonment of the right to all undiscovered veins on the line of such tunnel. n PLACE^^. CLAIMS. Sec. 'i'-V^*,). Claims iisiiallv tailed "iilaceis," inclndin},' all rorni.s of m\ although such claims nuiy lie less than ten acres each, may take joint entry there- of; but no location on a^M'icultiiral lands, or authori/e the sale of improvements of any bona tide s( ttler lo any piircliaM-r. Sec. 2'S'M. Where [)lacer-claims are upon surveyed lands, and conform to lepil subdivisions, no further survey or |»lal shall be re- quired, and all placer-mininj; claims located after the tenth of May. eighteen hundred and seventy-two, shall conform as near as practi- cable with the I'nited States system of i)ublic lands .-urveys, and no such location shall include more than twenty acres for each individ- ual claimant; but where placer-claims cannot be conformed to letjal subdivisions, survey and |)lat shall be nuide as on unsurveyed lands; and where i)y the sejrregation of mineral lands in any Ictral subdivis- ions a quantity of agricultural land less than forty acres renuiins, such fractional jwrtions of agricultural lands may be entered by any party qualified by law, for homestead or pre-emption j)urposes. PLACER CLAIMS CONTAINING LODES. IJnited States Law. — Sec. 2333. Where the same person, associa- tion or corporation is in ])ossession of a j)laccr-claim, and also a vein or lode included within the boundaries thereof, application shall be made for a patent for the placer claim, with the statement that it includes such vein or lode, and in such ease a patent shall issue for a placer-claim, subject to the i)rovisions id' this chapter, inchuling such vein or lode, upon the |)aymcnt of five dollars per acre for such vein or lode claim, and twenty-five feet of surface on each side thereof. The remainder of the placer-claim, or any placer-claim not embracing any vein or lode claiin, shall be j)aid at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per acre, together with all costs of |)roceedings; ane chiinis for siicii ix'riod sluill he siitlicient to estal)!ish a ri<;ht to a patent thereto UM(U'r this chaptei-, in the ahsence of any adverse claim; hut m)lhin,n' in this liliuij of a ccrtilicd copy of their charter or certilieate of incorpoiatu>n. FORM 1. -DISCOVERY NOTICE. The lode, discovered by , 189 claim feet. ..... .and feet from discovery. The above form may be used by prospectors who cannot ai the time of discovery run the lines, and definitely describe the location; with a reasonable time (thirty days--), the lines should be surveyed or definitely located, and a new location notice posted. (See form below.) i • FORM 2.- -NOTICE OF LOCATION. Notice is hereby given that the undersigned having complied with the requirements of chapter 6, title 3' Stake • Location Shaft .Discovery .'stake Stake %" Stake 76 — • stake ^« Stake %, IMP ■r^^^P FORM 3.— LOCATION CERTIFICATi:.— LODE CLAIM. Know all men by these [)reseiits, that I, of the County of State of claim by right of discovery and location feet, linear and horizontal nieasnrement, on the lode, along the vein thereof, with all its dips, variations, and angles; together with feet in width on each side of the middle of said vein at the surface, and all veins, lodes, ledges, deposits and surface ground within the lines of said claim; feet on said lode running from the center of the discovery shaft, and feet, running from said center of discovery shaft. Said claim is situated in the of in mining district, county of State of and bounded and described as follows: Date of discovery 1 H9 . . . St^kcfl and located 189. . . Date of certificate l«n. . . Attest: As a part of this form, and in addition U) the datti therein given the claimant is re(|uired to str^c the names of adjoining claims, and if none adjoin, the relative j.n.sitions of those nearest, or show by affidavit or otluTivise why this is not done. This is an essential rc- (piircrnent. This notice must be recorded in the oflice <>f the mining recorder and in the office of the auditor of the county in which the claim is situate. FORM 10.— APPLICATION FOR PATENT. , County of ,88. Application for patent for the mining claim. To the Register and Receiver of the U. S. Land Office at being duly sworn according to law, deposes and says, that in virtue of a compliance with the mining rules, regulations and customs, by himself, the said , and his co-claimants (residence of each should be stated), , applicants for patent herein ha . . become the owner of and in the actual, quiet and undisturbed posvsession of linear feet of the vein, lode or deposit, bearing , together with surface ground feet in width, for the convenient working thereof, as allowed by local rules and customs of miners; said mineral claim, vein, lode or deposit and surface ground being situated in the mining district, county of , and of \ and being more [)articularly set forth and described in the official field notes of survey thereof, hereto attached, dated day of , A. D., 189. . ., and in the official plat of said survey, now posted conspicuously upon said mining claim or premises, a copy of which is filed herewith. Deponent further states that the facts relative to the right of possession of himself (and ■ his safd co-claimants hereinbefore named) to said mining claim, vein, lode or deposit and surface ground, so surveyed and platted, are sub- stantially as followB, to-wit:- 77 t f,\ i^ (Trace the history of the lost8 estab- lished at the boundary of a district. Such royalty (o form part of the consolidated revenue, and t(. he accrMinted for bv the officers who collect the same in due course. The time and manner in which such royalty shall be collected shall be provided for bv rt\gula. », n? to be made by the Gold Commissioner. 31. Default in payment of such royaltv, if ccmtinued f^^r ten days after notic« lias been posted on the claim in rwpwt of which it is demanded, or in the vicinity of .^ueh elaim. bv the <>oM Commissioner or his agent, shall be followed by cancelljiMon ^f rhc claim. Any attempt to defraud the Crown by withholding an :>art of the revenao 80 thus provided for, by making false statcinonts of tlic ainoiint taken out, shall he punished hy cancellation of the claim in respect of which fraud or false statements have been committed or made. In respect to the facts as to such fraud or false statements or non-payment of royalty, the decision of the Gold Commissioner shall be finnl. 32. After the recording of a claim the removal of any post by the holder thereof or by any person acting in his behalf for the purpose of changing the boundaries of his claim, shall act as a forfeiture of the claim. 33. The entry of every holder of a grant for placer mining must be renewed and his receipt relinquished and replaced every year, the entry fee being paid each time. 34. The holder of a creek, gulch, or river claim may, within sixty days after staking out the claim, obtain an entry for a hill claim adjoining it, by paying to the Mining Recorder the sum of one hun- dred dollars. This permission shall also be given to the holder of a cresjk, gulch, or river claim obtained under former regulations, pro- vided that the hill claim is available at the time an application is made therefor. 35. No miner shall receive a grant of more than one mining claim in a mining district, the boundaries of which shall be defined by tin' Mining Recorder, but the same miner nuiy also hold a hill chiiin. acquired by him under these regulations in connection with a creek, gulch, or river claim, and any number of claims by purcliase: iind any number of miners may uniie to work their claims in common. ujHm such terms as they may arrange, provided such agreement is registered with the Mining Recorder and a fee of five dollars paid for each registration. ' ' 36. Any free miner or miners may sell, mortgage or dispose of his or their claims, provided such disposal he i-egistcred with, and a fee of two dollars paid to the Mining Recorder who shall thereupon give the assignee a certificate in the form "J" in the schedule hereto. 37. Every free miner shall durinsr the continuance of his grant have the exclusive right of entr\ upon his own ( laim for the miner-like working thereof, and the construction of a residence there<-»n. and shall bo entitled exclusively to all the ]>roceeds r«ilize«l therefrom, upon which, however, th( n>yalty picM rihiMl )»y these regulations shall be payable; provided that the >iiiiing ReconhT may :rranl te the holders of other claims such ritrhi of eutrv thereon as mav be :\hm~ lutely necessary for the working of their claims, upon such terms as may to him seem reasonable. Tie mav .ds«> gnuit permits to rnmers to cut timber thereon for the', own usie 38. Kvery free miner shall bt» entitled to the uw of so mueh of the water naturally flowing through or past his claim, and n(^: ilready lawfully appropriated, as shall, in the opinion (»f the Mining li'corder, be necexwary for the due working thereof, and shall be entitled to drain his own claim free of charge 39. A claim shall be deemed to be aband«»nwl and open to occu- pation and entry hy any person when the 8aia<' shall have remained unworkod on working days, excepting during the close sea.*on, bv the ijrantee thereof or hy some person on his behalf for thr sp»fe of ♦seventy two hours, unless sickness or other reasonable cause be i shown to the satisfaction of the Mining Recorder, or unless the grantee !V *72 hours means three consecutive days of 24 hours each. is absent on leave given by the Mining Recorder, and the Mining Recorder, upon obtaining eviden^je satisfactory to himself that this provision is not being complied with, rnay cancel the entry given for a claim. FORM II.- APPrJCATION FOR GRANT FOR PLACER MINING AND AFFIDAVIT OF APPLICANT. I (or we) of hereby apply, under the Yukon Placer Mining Regulations, for a grant of a claim for placer mining as defined in the said regulations, in (here describe locality) and I (or we) solemnly swear: 1. That from indications I (or we) have observed on tiie claim applied for, I (or wo) have reason to believe that there is therein a deposit of gold. 2. That I (or we) am (or are) to the beet of my (or our) knowledge and belief the first to observe such indications, or: 3. That the said claim was previously granted to (here name the last grantee) but has remained unworked by the said grantee for not less than 4. That I (or we) am (or are) unaware that the land is other than vacant Dominion Lands. 5. That I (or we) did on the day of mark out on the ground, in accordance in every particular with the pro- visions of the mining regulations for the Yukon District, the claim for which I (or we) make this application, and in so doing I (or we) did not encroach on any other claim or mining location previously laid out by any other person. 6. That the length of the said claim, as nearly as I (or we) could measure is feet, and that the description of this date hereto attached, signed by me (or us) sets (or set) forth in detail, to the best of my (or our) knowledge and ability, its position. 7. That I (or we) malce this ap|)lication in good faith, to acquire the claim for tlio solo purpose of mining to be prosecuted by myself (or us) or by rnyst If and nssociatox, or by my (or our) assigns. Sworn before mo at , Ibis day of 18 . . (Signature) KORM I.— GRANT KOU PLACKU MINING. No, Dof)artment of the Interior, Agency 18. . . Tn ronsid(M-ation of the payment of the foo of fifteen dollars pre- 8cribe said claim for the miner-like working thereof and the construction of a residence thereon, and the exclusive right to all the proceeds realized therefrom (upon which, however, the royalty pre^ scribed by the regulations shall be paid), for the remaining portion of the year for which the said claim was granted to the said (A. B.) that is to say, until the day of 18 . . . The said (B. C.) shall be entitled to the use of so much of the water naturally flowing through or past his (or their) claim and not already lawfully appropriated, as shall be necessary for the due working thereof and to drain his claim, free of charge. This grant does not convoy to the said (B. C.) any right of ownership in the soil covered l)y the said claim, and the said grant shall lapse and bo forfeited unless the claim is continuously and in good faith worked l»y the said (B. C.) or his (or their) associates. The rights hereby granted aro lhos<^ laid down in the Yukon Placer Mining Regulations, and no moro, and are subject to all the provisions of the said rogulations, whether the same are expressed herein or not. Mining Recorder. ti. •r» i 11 DIAGRAM No. I. 'UN or cnecK oh ouich cumu. DIAGRAM No. 2. n^N SHCWING SIM eOUNOARIfS LCSS THW, '00 FE£T APART DIAGRAM No 3 SICTlONAL Pt«N Of * Rjven CLAIM «\ Diagram no t SHtWING HOW CLAIMS ARE TO 8E STAKED PLAN or A CREEK OR GULCH CLAIM Pt«N Of A RIVER CLAIM SECTIONAL PUN or A CREEK CLAIM. MCTIONAL PUN or A 6ULCN CUIM. ^ BUSINESS OUTLOOK. OPPORTUNITIES FOR LABOR, ETC. There is no man in the Yukon basin who has a more compivlu'n- sive unders(andin«> jf tlie abnormal (londiticms existing there than C!apt. John J. Heaiey, manager of the North Ameriean Transportation and Trading Company. Captain Jlealey, who for many years was a resident of Fort Benton, Mont., has had a varied experience on tiie frontier, and has provetl his courage on many occasions, from en- counters, with the IMackfeet and Tiegans to engagements, as sljeritT of Choteau County, with Missouri Kiver and YeMowstone "rustlers." He entered this field in 1892, as one of the organizers of the great company of which he is now manager, having previously for six years been a partner in the trading post of Jlealey & Wilson, at Dyea. No better text for this chapter could be chosen than the following state- ment, which was taken stenographically fnmi ('aj)tain liealey, ;,i Dawson, on September 35, 1897: • In regard to the business outlook of this country, I would say that people who are organizing to come here to engage in connnenMal enter- prises should understand that it takes two years' capital to do one year's business. They cannot come in here and secure returns in one year. Such persons should also understand that they cannoi build boats and get here the same year. We have tried it three years in succession and have failed each time. The ditliculties to be over- come are too great. There is another point to be taken into consideration in comparing Drices here with those outside, and that is that we can not elTect a dol- lar's worth of marine or fire insurance this side of St. Michaels. We have to carry our own marine, fire, and ice risks on the Yukon, and not many people are willing to put their capital into enterprises of this kind. We are carrying our own insurance because we can not help ourselves. Of course we insure on salt water as far as we can. In my opinion there is a good field for day labor in the country. There is mineral of all kinds from coast to coast. Take Alaska from the southeastern coast, skirting around the iJering Sea and the Arctic Ocean, it is all a mineral range. Yoji can not go anywiiere but you will find minerals of all kinds. The trouble is in furnishing supplies under present conditions. The country is so vast that it will take years to supply it with food stations. The navigable streams, it is true, will be first utilized; but both (tovernments must organize a system of roads from these streams into the interior. They must constnict roads into the Rockies on the north and east side of the Yukon and into the Alaskan Range on the south and west. If we had a force of people, whether military, police, or engineers, that would devote their time to building these trails and roads, I think the reindeer could be intro- duced here and utilized to good advantage. I believe the reindeer will be the coming pack horse of this country. » •« i % I 85 11 i \ V |S There is another thing to which 1 would like to call the attention of (lie (idvrrnnionl. 1 have Ihou^'lit il over ofltMi. hut have not yet for- niiilalod my sug^M^stioiis. Tlic niosl (Icslitulc iialivc race on oarth to-day are the Indians on llic lower YiUvon. For :U)() miles from the mouth of that stream the prineipal subsislenec of (he native popula- tion consists of fish and oil. As you come higher up the river the con- dition of the Indians improves. They were in a wretched condition until we came into the country and gave them an opportunity to earn a little money by cutting wood for our steamers. Our (iovernment ought to do something for those Iiulians. I am not an advocate of Jndian agencies or anything of that kind. I do not believe in keeping the Indians in idleness, but the Government can utilize their services, and this can be done by making mail carriers of them and employing them to cut trails, and a native military organization might be estab- lished in the lower Yukon country. They are the best workers on earth, and the cost would be insignificant. All they want is a little Hour, tea, and tobacco, and these can be laid down very cheaply by the transportation companies. Such a utilization of the services of these people would be of great benefit not only to them but to the govern- ment. Under present conditions many of them die of starvation every winter. The Indians farther up the river are better off, because they work around the mines. They have abandoned the fur trade and arc engaged in mining, packing, and hunting. They can get from r)0 to 75 cents a pound for all the game they kill. In regard to the outlook in Alaska, I will say that then- is an abun- dance of low-grade diggings in that country at Forty Mile, Birch Creek, Minook, Seventy Mile, Coal Creek, and American Creek that will support thousands of men when they are ready to work for $7 or $8 a day. There are large tracts of country that will pay those wages. In some of the claims they can work but three months in the year, while in others they can work all the year round. In the mines where they ground-sluice the season is sometimes quite short, hut in the drift diggings, which are above water line, they can work the year round. There is no doubt that there is room here, in work and prospecting, for all the idle miners in the United States. A great many of them will be disgusted when they come here and will not remain and pros- pect on account of the radical change from the conditions to which they have been accustomed. They have to be able-bodied and act as their own pack horses, and of the men who have been used to riding a cayuse through the mountains and taking a pack animal with them not one in ten will stay in this country, wading through the muck, b^ ih, and moss and fighting the mosquitoes. In order to succeed here a man must have an iron nerve and constitution, and those who are not so constituted should remain away. It is going to require slow, hard prospecting to develop our resources. You can not see any- thing; everything is covered by moss, vegetation, and brush. There are no prairies, but it is all an undergrowth of brush and timber. The country has not been prospected at all as it should be. Prospectors follow up the rivers in boats as long as they can, and if they leave their boats at all it is only for a day, with a little lunch on their backs, so that they can get back to their supplies. That is the only kind of prospecting that has been done. There is not a man in the country 86 rs ve who knows what is hack from the river ii linndrod miles; there is not a man living that hiis been back a hundred miles from this water conrse to engage in systematic; prospecting. There is coal down about (^udahy and ten miles from there. There is a five-foot vein of fine coking coal within eighteen miles of here, about eight or ten miles from the river. 'J'here is coal on the American side, about fifty miles above Circle City. There is also coal below (-ircle City, near the Tanana. Copper, asbestos, antimony, and galena abound, and there is a good deal of low-grade, huse ore in the country. I have not seen any free- milling gold ore yet. In time, when labor and provisions become cheaper and thr trans])ortation companies can lay down supplies at reasonable prices, these low-grade ores are going to give employment to a great many miners. My opinion is that Alaska and the Northwest Territory within fifty years will produce more minerals tliaii all the other mineral regions of the country put together. T may be visionary, but this is my opinion, based on j)ersonal observation. The Tanana Valley will astonish the world even more than the Klondi'.e has. That is the great copper district. The mines that can give employ- ment to large numbers of men for long periods of time are the ones from which the country reaps the most substantial benefits. About the labor question. I have had a great many jnen make application to me for assistanc^e, saying that they were broke and wanted to secure an outfit for the winter. This was early in the sea- son, a month or six weeks ago. I said to them, "Why don't you go to work? They replied, "Well, we don't want to work for wages; we want to work on a lay." The wages in the mines are $15 a day, and the wages of laborers are $10 a day, and I told them that they could go to work for wages and in thirty days have enough to buy an outfit for a year; but still they would not go to work. T thought T would stop the thing. A few friends of mine have some claims, and they wanted some men at $10 a day to work them; so I put up a notice, "Eight or ten men wanted; wages, $10 a day." You know the claim owners have decided on paying a dollar an hour from the 1st of Oc- tober, furnishing the men cabins to sleep in, the miners furnishing their own food. The first application I have had to work for $10 a day. in response to that notice, came in to-day. I advise the bringing in of silver coin. It is the medium which peo- ple use in traveling, in paying the Indians for their little services, etc. There is not a man traveling who does not want an ounce or two of dust changed into silver. Each Government ought to have an assayer, so that a man could take his^ gold dust to him and have it run into bullion; then that man could come to us with his gold, which would have the stamp of one of the Governments on it, and we could give him our check for it. Cartain Healey's statement is commended to the careful considera- tion o^ ;\11 who contemplate coming to this country either to engage in cc iiniorcial enterprises or to participate in the uncertain pursuit of hidden treasure. SAM C. DUNHAM. I u 87 The Arct.c Institute of kT-erica 9, ^^O, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) I 1.1 11.25 lii|21 121 ■tt lii 122 m 1.4 1.6 ^ Photograpliic Sciences Coiporation as WIST MAIN STMIT WSSSTH.N.Y. 14SM (716)a7a-4S09 '^ 5^^!^ Cx^ BUTTER CHEESE EGGS POULTRY SEATTLE - : .\ 1 11 1 w JohnW.DeCamp&Co, Wholesale Jobbers and Commission l^crchants EXCLUSIVE AGENTS IN WASHINGTON FOR Whitney's Canned Butter A. Booth's Eastern Oysters - ' i i^ f^ ^tn^ 909 WESTERN AVE., SEATTLE, WASH. •~-^&-~^ BUTTER CHEESE — EGGS — POULTRY 88 The Popular Route 90 per cent, of Alaska travel goes by way of Seattle. It makes no difference what route you take — Seattle is the best starting point for all. 90 per cent, of returning Alaska Miners come back by way of Seattle. The United States Assay Office is located there ar.d gold is easily and quickly assayed and turned into cash. • The direct route to and from Seattle, with short time, best connections and all conveniences and com- forts of modem raihoad travel, and with rates as low as the lowest, is The Great Northern Send 2 Cents in Stamps for "Alaska, Land of Gold and Glacier," with maps, illustrations, etc., Alaska Folder, with maps and full information, sent FREE. r. I. Whitney, Gen 'l Pass. Agent, St. Paul, Minn. 1. 89 I FAST TRAINS LEAVE St. Paul and Minneapolis EVERY DAY FOR MANITOWOC, MILWAUKEE, CHICAGO, and EASTERN and SOUTHERN POINTS VIA Wisconsin Central [ines 2 FAST TRAINS LEAVE Chicago and Milwaukee AGENTS CAN GIVE YOU FURTHER INFORMATION. H. F. WHITCOMB, gen'l mgr. JAS. C. POND, g. p. a. MILWAUKEE, WIS. ' North S*^^ Shoe CompaniJ, EVERY DAY FOR ST. PAUL, MINNEAPOUS, ASHLAND, DULUTH, AND ALL PACIFIC COAST POINTS. MINNBAPOLIS, MINN. KLONDIKE OUTFITTERS ON ALL KINDS OF FOOTWEAR A We are studying the wants of the Alaska Business and we feel that we have secured what the trade wishes, judging from our Alaska shipments. You can have any dealer get our shoes for you, if he does not already carry them. Mark and G>nsign all Goompany at the above points OR AT A No. 1 Lime Street, London, E. C, England, 94 »* STALEY*S WESTERN MADE »' H you are going to Klondike Wool Underwear »< Overshirts StllklJ^i |)cavy Pure mool Underwear and OveriDim Will keep yoo WARM and HEALTHY, For ECONOMY, COM- FORT and DURABILITY the STALEY GOODS are UNEQUALED. Every Garment bears this label: WESTERN MADE A. C STALEY M'F,G. CO SOUTH BEND, IND. None Genuine without It. KLONDIKERS who would be well and hearty should use the BACON put up by CUDAHY BROTHERS CO., MILWAUKEE. WIS. MiDD^apoIis Knitting Works, MANUFACTURBRS Of TV^eN'S KNIT F=iOOTWeP5:R. Lumbermen's Socks, ... German Socks, Half Hose. ASK YOUR DEALER FOR THESE GOODS MINNEAPOLIS KNITTING WORKS. MILWAUKEE. WIS. m 13715 lU f ^m ; i i ^ THE /MEW VA/NCOaVETl eOAL MIMI/NG & LA/ND eO.,-^?:iM£™?. MINERS AND SniPPRRS OF IRanaimo doal. COLLIERIES AT NANAIHO, BRITISH COLUMBIA. LARQIST COAL MINIS ON THB PACIFIO COAST. JOHN ROSENFELD'S SONS, AGENTS, 202 Sansome Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. i?B/SS BROTHBRS c!& CO., Trade Mark R> Bm Ct Manufacturers and Importers of Pipes and Smokers' Articles. We understand the Alaska and Northwostcm trade, and make it a specialty. We carry a large stock and are prepared on a short notice to fill orders. Order direct or through the North American Transportation & Trad- ing Co., or from any of their various trading posts that carry our goods in stock. Our goods have been tried and found to be strictly high grade and first-class in every particular. Correspondeuce solicited. REISS BROS & CO., 163 Lake Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Th^ John /WcPherson Co., limited. MANUFACTURERS > HIGH GRADE OF - - - Meo's Boots. .JUST THB KIND YOU NBBD POR THB liLONDIIiB. For Sale at all of the N. A. T. & T. Co. Trading Stores, both in Alaska and Northwestern Territory. HArS/IILTON, ONT. THE CANADIAN RUBBER GO. -OF MOTfTRBAL, MANUFACTURERS OF RUBBER BOOTS AND SHOES High and Low Cut Overshoes and Pure Gum Overs of all de- seription, Hose, Belting, Packings. Also Camping Blankets, Airpillows, Gloves, Mittens, Etc, Etc Ask for our "ALASKA MINING BOOT." Design registered May 20th, 1896. Made with Patent Leather Insole, Patented July 30th, 18^3. Specially constructed to stand the cold climate. Write for Catalogue . MONTRBA.L, TORONTO A.ND JVININPBG. 96 ». • i .t. o p HEADQUARTERS FOR /llasKai) f[\aps apd Quide BooKs. Gold Dust Bags, riagnifyjng Glasses, Pocket Compasses. Gold Scales and riagnets, Books on nining, Snow Glasses, etc. LOWMAN & HANFORD STATIONERY & PRINTING CO., 616 First Avenue, SEATTLE. WATSON, HANFORD & RASER, TOar Specialties are LARGE Lines of MARINE, FIRE AND UABIUTY INSURANCE,:aIso REAL^ESTATE and STAND- ARD MINING STOCXSrof this State and British Coltimbia. 206-6-7 Pioneer Building, SEATTLE, WASH. We are prepared to GUARANTEE PRICES, Quality consi(fered,oi FURNITURE, CARPETS, STOVES, and everything to furnish your home as low as can be bought any- where in the United States Large^Stock covering i 10,000 square feet of Floor Space. __ Frederick, Nelson & Hunro, Kialto Block, 2nd Avenue andJIlM^disonlStreet, SEATTLE, WASH -^_^— .^ 97 .>,;= ESTABLISHED 1860. INCORPORATED 1895. (Genuine Mottled Gray Color) AND WHITE STBEI/ AGATE WARE. Every article guaranteed not to chip or burn . Tinware of every description, Sheet Iron, Galvanised, Copper and Aluminum Ware, Wire Goods, Gold Miners' Supplies, Etc THETHOS. DAVIDSON MFG. CO. LTD., MONTREAL. : t Distributors of Harrisons' Paints and Colors Murphy's Varnishes Carter's White Lead Whiting's Brushes Wright & Hill's Linseed Oil Dexter's English Shingle Stain Chamber's "Eagle Brand" Glass New Jersey Copper Paint Rathjen's Anti-Pouling Composition Gypsine Wall Finish Baker & Richards, Jobbers of l>aints, Oils, Class, Sash. Doors, Ek. 107 Occidental Ave., SBATTI^B, W^ASH. GOLDEN ROLE BflZflflR CO, £P06 TO 908 FIRST AVENUE. Crockery, Lamps, Cutlery, Granite, Tin, and Wooden Ware, Notions, Toys, Trunlcs, Valises. WHOLBSALE AND «'»■'■■»" — -■mm PICTURE FRAMES AND MIRRORS TO ORDER. ESTABLISHED 1862. SEATTLE, WASH. Davenport Woolen Mills Co., DAVENPORT, IOWA. Manufacturers of iuwooi Blankets^ Flannels and Skirts* HEAVY BLANKETS FOR KLONDIKE TRADE A SPECIALTY. 98 FOR DEALERS ONLY. SEND US YOUR ORDERS. Wt ARE MANUFACTURERS OF Mackinaws, Corduroy Suits, DUCK LINED CLOTHING (Rubber and Slicker Interlined.) SHIRTS, OVERALLS. PANTALOONS, FLANNEL, BLANKET. BUCKSKIN UNDERWEAR. AND JOBBERS OF SPECIAL LINES OF Heavy Knit Underwear, Hosiery, Gloves and Mitts IfOH THE A/.ASKA TRADE. Headquarters for NORTH STAR WOOLEN MILL CO MArK-TMAtrc the only make which will answer .. .ry requlJLeTohhe AlasS^S^^^ GUITERMAN BROS., 5th and Sibley Streets, ST. PAUL. MINN. CANADIAN MANUFACTURBD CLOTHING Spcciaflymade for the YUKON compfising both heavy and the fmest imported English materials, in Oieviot and otyW^tc^ SS'tP^w'"? ^u ****^"'^ the highest degree of perfectiL in fit and tmffih. We mvrte your careful inspection. See our name on the coat hanger* ASK YOUR MERCHANT FOR IT. W. E. SANFORD MANUFACTURING COMPANy, Limited. WHOLESALE WAREHOUSES: W. n. Sanford Manfg. Co.. I/t'd W. E. Sanford Manfg. Co., VVd Hamilton, Ont. Winnipeg; Man. W. E. Sanford Manfg. Co.. 1,'f d., G. C. Shaw & Co Toronto, Ont. Victoria, B. Columbia. RETAIL BRANCHES: oak Hall. Toronto Ont. Oak Hall. I,ondon, Ont. Oak Hall, St. Catharines. Ont. Oak Hall, Hamilton, Ont. Oak Hall, Windsor, Ont. Oak Hall. St. Thomas. Ont. r 11 ■ *i •' f !;! if ill ft; ■tt'l 4 i\ 't I *.!■ ALBERT HANSEN, Jeweler ai?d Silversn^itbt — DEALER IN— DiarRonds, Watches, Jeuielry, Silveru^are, CLOCKS, RICH CUT eLASS, ETC. GOLD DUST BOUGHT FOR CASH. 706 rirSt AYBHUB, SEATTLEi fowle's "Log Cabin" Maple Syrup. ABSOLUTELY PURE AND FULL MEASURE. BECOMMENDED BY THE North American Transportation Co. "^^^xs:^ Remember this when Ordering Your Supplies. Tmr'a .i' •am' I 'mmMm\BM gj^'' llliWi||P»liili«l«ill"™ "^^ THE TOWLE MAPLE SYRDP GO. rAIRFAX, VT.- j ST. PAUL, MINN. >$$$$S$^i!^$$$$SSS$!$$$SS$$SS$iSS$S$$$:$$$$^^®SSS$SSSS$$$$S$S$^ i* ANY«.^ "Good Qothing'* is good ~ until something happens to it, and then youil wish it were a K. N. & F. Co. Suit or Overcoat I They're %onest inside as well as outside'' KUH, NATHAN & FISCHER CO. Makers, Chicago, i: V ^SSSSSSSSSSSS«SSSSSSSSSSS!SSS<§SSSSSS8J§S^;s*«S^^ 100 UNeQUKLLeO IN QUKLITV. INDIVIDUAL AROMATIC FLAVOR. iT. PLUQ] ' lAND \ ": OUTPLUQ. SMOKINQ COMPACT IN FORM. THE KLONDIKE FAVORITE. Jlfaaufaotured By JOHN E. TUCKETT 4 SON, ■■■I FREERORT, ILL. HENRY THOEMNER, ^'O Market street, PHILADELPHIA. Afanufaoturer. ESTABLISHED IN 1838. Gold Scales and Weights. TROEMNER'S SCALES ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN ALL THE MINTS AND ASSAY OFFICES. FiHce List on Application. The GEO. E. TUCKETT J SON CO., iwtefl. HAMILTON, CANADA, Manufacturer of the following Celebrated Tobaccos: T. & B. MYRTLE NAVY SMOKING TOBACCO. T. ft B. MAHOGANY CHEWING. T. ft B. BLACK CHEWING. Used almost Exclusively in the Klondike. 101 n n H I' )\ ilil 0. D. STIM80N, Prest., Seattle. E. T. STIMSON, Treae., Los Ansreles, Cal. P. 8. STIMSON, Sec'y, Seattle. J. W. DORMAN. Mill Supt. . JAS. ROE. Logging Supt. INCORPORATED. SEATTLE, WASH. Muafactarers of aad Wholeaale Dealers ia Washington Fir and Red Cedar Lnmber and Sliingles. Capacity of Ltimbcr per day of JO hours, 150,000 ft. a 44 Lath Shingft es 44 u U 44 40,000 pes. 500,000 pes. UNEXCELLED FACILITIES FOR BOTH RAIL AND WATER SHIPMENTS, WRITE US FOR PRICES. Main Office and Mills: Ballard, Washington. On Great Northern, Northern Pacific and Canadian Pacific Railways. m CROWN FLOUR SUPERIOR TO ALLlOTHERSoCD^a Jfi J^ J^ J^ J^ u^ v^ u^ v^ v^ v^ v^ J^ v^ J^ w EXTRA EAMILYVI HOLLER FLOUR LTITDTCru irrtr- STOCKTOlTMltONGCO. STOCKTON.CALIFORNIA. Ban "Francisco Office, 112 California Street. f!^ Manufactured from the Choicest California Selected Wheat To use Qown Flour is to USE THE BEST. ^ 1^ 1^ (^ «|C «jl 1^ «^ «^ «|l 1^ «l« «^ iM ^ «^ 1^ 1^ ^ 1^ ^i 1^ ^ «JK «^ «^ ^« «^ V* 1^ li STOCKTON MILLING CO., 112 California St*, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 103 ill I\ S. GBECNSMIELDS. SON 6 C9 MONTREAL. Wholesale Dry Qoods, ...INCLUDING... Men^s Furnishings and House Furnishings OF ALL KINDS. JKJKJ^JK BRANCH WAREHOUSE AT VANCOUVER, B. C. The JOHN L. CASSIDY CO. Utd. -IMPORTERS OP- China, Crockery ^ Glassware, FROM ALL COUNTRIES. N. H. Railway and Hotel Supplies a Specialty. OFFICES AND SAMPLE ^f J ^ C^)posite the Spalding, Portkiid, Ofe.-248 Washington St. Seattle, Wash.-606 First Afe. Spokane, Wash.-307 Rookery. Pittsbarg-507SmithfieM St. Omaha— I40t Famam St. K nsas City-823 Main St. Mdwaukee-J02 Wisconsin St. Chicago-2J2 Clark St. Chicago-Depot, Wells and Kinzie Sts. Boston— 368 Washington Sts. New York, ( Freight Dent. 461 Broadway, ( Passenger Dept, JA8. T. CLARK, General TraflSo Manager, St. Paul. T. W. TEA80ALE, General Passenger Agent, St. Paul. 109 •la ^ GooDVEAR's Rubber Goods cm KLONDIKE^ Hip Rubber Boots - - FOR MINERS - - "CRACK PROOF." BE SURE THE HEEL 18 STAMPED. "SNAG PROOF." BE SURE THE HEEL IB STAMPED. Cuts repre- sent Stamps on Heels, also Knees. Beware of Imitations ( None Oennine Unless Heels are Stamped. linion India Rubber Co. Crack Proof These Crack Proof Boots are made of the very best and carefully selected Pure Para Fiubber, reinforced with the Pure Rubber Springs on Instep. All our Crack Proof Boots are plainly stamped on the Heel and inside of the Upper "Union India Rubber Co. Crack Proof, ' and no other Boot is Genuine. None Qenuine Unless Heels are Stamped. Qoodyear Rubber Co., Stout's Soag Proof This Boot is manufactured with a center of Cotton Duck, with Coatings of Rubber so in- corporated into the fibre of the Duck by heavy machinery as to make i waterproof material that stands the severest test of wear, and renders it NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE for it to be CUT or TORN from contact with rough or sharp surfaces. RUBBER AND OIL CLOTHING AND SACKS RIBBER AND OIL BUNKETS « RUBBER BOOTS WITH LEATHER SOLES WOOL BOOTS AND SOCKS HIGH-CUT OVERSHOES Qoodyear Rubber Co. R. H. PEASE, Vice-President and Manager 573i 575, 577, 579 MARKET STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 73 and 75 FIRST STREET PORTLAND, ORE. 110 ) i f '1 Carson Pirie Scon&Co. DRY GOODS CHICAGO 111 We would reapectfoUy recommend our brands of PLUG TOBACCOS SMOKING and CHEWING *« ^ oe CUT TOBACCOS AND. QGARETTES f ^ «ae fortiK Reason That for years we have been shipping same to Alaska, and they have given the best of satisfaction. The American Tobacco Company of Canada, ud. MONTREAL, CANADA All 112 r VVHEN YOU GO TO • "•♦• •••• ^L-KSKK ^se the. NORTHERN PACIFIC •••• to the coast Pullman Our Through Trains Carry First Class and Tourist Sleeping: Cars Free Colonist Sleeping Cars AND Through Din/ng Cars Ail classes of traveler's cnn /1...0 #. avciers can thus be accommodated Send 3 ct i» for our KEY TO KLrnvrnitr.^ Gen., Agent, ^ South C..rk St.. Chl^o o^to Ch'" "li "* ^°^*^'^' Passenger Agent, St. Paul, Mian. ^^*'* ^" ''**• G*"'' 118 i| I m Puget Sound national Bank «r Seattle, ^JUasMngton. CAPITAL, $600,000 SURPLUS, $120,000. ISciierai Banking Businm transacted «» eorrcspendoice SolidtciL DiBKOTOBS.— J. Furth, E. O. Neufelder, Jas. R. Hayden, S. Frauenthal, S. Schwabacher. Officebs.— J. Furth, President; E. C. Neufelder, VicO'PreB.; B. V. Ankeny, Cashier. CORRESPONDENTS. National Bank of the Republic • New York Bank of California - - San Francisco Commercial National Bank • - Chicago a First Nat jo'-al Bank • - - Portland Suffolk National Bank - - Boston First National Bank - . . St. Paul Drafts and Letters of Credit on Canadian Bank of Commerce, Dawson, N. W. T. Geo. B. Carpenter & Co. Sftip CftaiidlmixSail makers ^^^^^ Cordage and Tackle Blocks g^!,„^ 202, 204, 206, 208 S. Water Street, CHICAGO WEAR THE CELEBRATED King Hats Golden Crown Caps and T. & P. Gloves THEY ARE THE BEST ON EARTH Manufactured by TAYLOR & PARROTTE, Oicago. Be Sure Your Stove Bears This '"TRADE MARK' »' USED IN EVERY PART OF THE WORLD •• V JEWEL STOVES, ^ °£l'!Olf ?T^ ^^f'^ RGESTSTOVEFmfflNTBEVmRLD wS SUITABLE STYLES FOR EVERY CLIME" ¥¥¥ Detroit Stove Works CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A. DETROIT, MICH., U. S. A. Geo. E. Mabbuall, President. Newton Lull, Vlce-PreBident. Wh. Black, Secretary Geo. e. jMarsbaU ^ Co. MANUFACTURING STATIONERS^^ Printing, Blsnk Books, Bngraving 144-146 Monroe Street, TELBPHOHES, jS«?«» Mj Q|^ ICAGO WHEELING GORRUGflTING CO. \A/HI ;l.ino, w. va. Protect yourself from the weather by using CORRUGATED SHEET IRON, painted or galvanized, for covering sides and roofs of your buildings. Write to us for prices on all metal building materials. .... Warehouses .... CHICAGO, ILL., ST. LOUIS, MO., 185-187 Lake Street. ll.T NEW YORK, N. Y. Keitk Bros. & Co. Manufacturers and Jobbers l)a($,€ap$ The World's Celebrated TIGER AND CHAMPION HATS Are manufactured and sold only by us. We also carry a complete line of HEAVY CAPS, GLOVES and MITTENS Just the Thing for the Klondike^ I CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. Keith .6c Go. 239-249 JfiOKSON Street GHIGflOO C.E.Wh Gent lei ] statf* that have found rigors of carry it f tins with makes It pi Territory i find the d( throughout 116 t 1 1 C.E.Whitney & Co., San Francisco, Cal, Gentlemen:- OiD Colony Building. Chicago, May 6th,i898. in reply to your esteemed favor of recent date, beg to Stat, that we have used your-Cold Brook Creamery Canned Butter" and have found It par excellent. it has successA^lly withstood the rigors of the Alaska climate for the. length of time necessary to carry it from season to season.. it is so conveniently packed In tins with key openers and handles and fire proof bottoms.that it »nalces It particularly valuable for the Alaska and mtth Western Territory trade. We have received no complaint, but on the contrary, we find the demand Increasing for It from our various trading posts throughout Alaska and the Northwest. Very truly yours. Nortb AiDencsn rraDsportelion & TMn^Co. Air. awvicrni^ 117 To Those Going to or Doing We beg to announce that , we have made a special Business in tlie Klondilc e study of their uqulrements. ' Having supplied The _, ^ , Alaska Commercial Com- pany The Alaska Tradiug Company, The North American Transportation & Trading Co., and Many Others of the first-class Merchants in the Yukon SHOVELS ' NAH^S^™ R^^^* RIFLES, CUTLERY, PICK AXES,' penters'tools/farr". mimw icflDunuT y lERS' TOOLS, and Other Hardware Lines.... MONTREAL. Graham & Moore, Jewelers noil Didmond Uants, «i<««4 *GOLD NUGGETS BOUGHT. t«44« SEATTI^B, WASH. FRY, BRUHN & CO., Pork Packers ^ Butchers WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. I- SEATTLE, WASH. 118 i Mfsam Bnsch Brewii^ Assn., ST. LOUIS. MO.. U.S.A. Brews of High-Grade Beers ExclnsiYely. THEIR FAMOUS BRANDS: Original Budweiser. Black and Tan. Faust. Anheuser- Standard. Pale Lager. Export Pale. Are :the most popular Beers among the civilized nations at all points of the Globe. SOr.B AGENTS FOR Alaska and British Northwest Territory. 119 J^ /://A ^y-zA ^^ 1^ ^ I S(ll^ABmBkOU(0. IKOOltPOKAT»». Importers and Wholesale Dealers to Seattle, Wash <-> ALASKA TRADB A SFBCIALTY. The Canadian Bank of Commerce PAID-UP CAPITAL $6,000,000 HEAD OFFICE HON. GEO. A. COX, PnCCIDCNT. TORONTO ROBERT KILQOUR VIOC-PRCaiOENT. B. E. WALKER, ocnchal manaocr. J. H. PLUMMER. •••T. OCN-L MANAOCn, YUKON DISTRICT (KLONDIKE) ATLIN DISTRICT The Bank has fully equipped branches at DAWSON QTYj SKAGUAY, Alaska? and ATLIN, B. C Banking Agents for the Canadian Government in the Yukon District. DRAFTS AND LETTERS OF CREDIT payable at these points may 1 sranches and correspondents. payable at these points may be obtained on application to the Bank's BRANCHES IN CANADA. Ayr. Barrie. Belleville. Berlin. Blenheim. Brantford. Cayaga. OUCBKC: Montreal. Chatham. Collingwood. I^resden. Dundas. DunnvlIIe. Gait. ONTARIO: Goderioh. Guelph. Hamilton. London. OranKerlUe. Ottawa. Paris. Parkhill. Peterboro. Port Perry. Saolt SteMarie. Toronto Jono Seaforth. Wallterton. Simcoe. Walkerville. o. o .u -. Stratford. Waterloo. St. Catharines. Strathroy. Windsor. Sarnla. Toronto. Woodstock. "*™'^.®**- BRITISH COLUMBIA: YUKON DISTRICT: Winnipeg. Cranbrook.^ Greenwood. Dawson City. Pernie. AtlinCity. Vancouver. AGENCIES IN THE UNITED STATES. NEW YORK. NEW ORLEANS. SKAOUAY. ALASKA. CORRESPONDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES. CHICAGO-The Norihwestern National Bank. PORTLAND.^ORE.*, [ ^'><> ^"^^ <>* British Columbia. SEATTLE— Puget Sound National Bank. SPOKANE- Exchange National Bank. TACOMA— London and San Franoisco Bank (Limitod).