CIHM
ICIMH
Microfiche
Collection de
Series
microfiches
(IMonographs)
(monographies)
Canadian Instituta for Historical Microroproduction / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas
Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes technique et bibliographiques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original
copy available for filnning. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of
the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change .e usual method of filming are
checked below.
I I Coloured covers /
' — ' Couverture de couleur
I I Covers damaged /
' — ' Couverture endommag^
I I Covers restored and/or laminated /
— ' Couverture restaurde et/ou peliiculde
I I Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque
[ [ Coloured maps / Cartes g^raphiques en couleur
ran Cokxired ink (i.e. other than t>lue or black) /
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
I I Cokxjred plates and/or illustrations /
— ' Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
I I Bound with other material /
' — ' Relie avec d'autres docunients
I I Only editton available /
' — ' Seule editkm disponible
I I Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin / La reliure serree peut
causer de I'ombre ou de la distorston le long de
la marge interieure.
I I Blank leaves added during rBstoratk)ns may appear
within the text. Whenever possible, these have
been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines
pages blanches ajoutees tors (fune restauration
apparaissent dans le texte, mais, kMsque cela etait
possibie, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmees.
L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur examplaire qu'il lui a
6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem-
plaire qui sont peut-§tre uniques du point de vue bibli-
ographique, qui peuvent nxxJifier une image reproduite,
ou qui peuvent exiger une modifications dans la m6th-
ode normale de filmage sent indiquds ci-dessous,
I I Cokxjred pages / Pages de couleur
I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagees
I I Pages restored and/or laminated /
— Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicuiees
r^ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed /
— Pages decok)r6es,tachet6esoupkjuees
Q Pages detached / Pages detachees
^ Showthrough / Transparence
I I Quality of print varies /
' — ' Qualite inegale de rimpression
D
D
Includes supplementary materiai /
Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire
Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to
ensure the best possible image / Les pages
totalement ou partiellement otwcurcies par un
feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont ete filmees
k nouveau de fa^on k obtenir la meilleure
image possit>le.
Opposing pages with varying colouration or
discolourations are filmed twk:e to ensure the
best possible image / Les pages s'opposant
ayant des colorations variables ou des decol-
orattons sont filmtes deux fois afin d'obtenir la
meilleur image possible.
D
Addttkxial comments /
Commentaires suppiementaires:
This ittm is film«d at the raduetion ratio chackad balow/
Ca documant est fihn* au taux de rWwctkm indkiui ci-<tesseus.
'OX UX 18X
n
12X
IfX
20X
SX
y
26X
30X
24X
28X
D
32X
Th« copy filmed h«r« has b>« n rapreducad thanks
to tha ganaroaity of:
National Library of Canada
L'aiiamplaira film* fut raprodutt grica * la
gAn^resit* da:
Bibliothiqua nationala du Canada
Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality
possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contraet spacificationa.
Las imagas suivantas ont *ti raproduitas avac la
plus grand toin. eompto tanu da la condition at
da la nattat* da l'aiiamplaira film*, at an
conf ormM avac laa conditions du contrat da
filmaga.
Original copias in printod papar covars ara flimad
beginning with tha front covar and ending on
tha last paga with a printod or illuatratod impraa-
sion, or tha back covar whan appropriate. All
other original copies ara filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated imprea*
sion, and ending on the last paga with a printed
or illustreted impression.
Lee exemplairaa eriginaux dont la eouverture en
papier eet ImprimOe sent filmte en commancant
per le premier plat at en terminant soit par la
darniAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par la second
plat, salon le cas. Tous les autras exempiairas
originaus sent filmAs en commencant par la
premiOre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impreesion ou d'illustration at an terminant par
la darniira paga qui comporte una telle
amprainto.
Tha laat recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — » (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol ▼ (meaning "END ").
whichever appliaa.
Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to bo
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to
right and top to bonom. as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Un des symboles suivants spparaitra sur la
damiAre image do cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: la symbols -^ signifie "A 8UIVRE ". le
symbola ▼ signifie "PIN".
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent etre
filmis i des taux da riduction diffirants.
Lorsqua le document est trop grand pour ttre
reproduit en un seul clich*. il est filmi A partir
da Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche * droita,
at de haut en baa. an prenant la nombra
d'imagea nOcessaire. Las diagrammea suivants
illustrant la mOthede.
1 2 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
•*ic«ocorr msowtion tbt chait
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
A /1PPLIED IM/QE Inc
.^^^ 1653 East Main StrMt ~
RochMlef Nm Yortc 14609 USA
(716) 482-0300 -Phon.
(716) 288 - 5989 - Fa.
THE MEMOIRS
OF
PAUL KRFGER
^M^^
% -
Pi^
Id
(Bcol
THE MEMOIRS
OF
PAUL KRUGER
FOUB TIMES PRESIDENT OP THE
SOUTH APEICAN HEPUBLIC
ml
TOLD BY HIMSELF
!•■•
B
TORONTO
George 1R. HDorana d Company, %im\tct>
1902
fill
193929
Copyright, 1902. by
Thi CiarnniY Co.
PMithtd Nammnhtr, 190g.
PMNTEOIN THl OKITtO STATU iV THI DiVmHE P«t«*
PUBLISHERS' NOTE
Mr Keugee dictated these Memoirs to Mr. H. C.
^redeU, his private secretary, and to Mr. Piet Gro-
bler the former Under Secretary of State of the
South Afncan Republic. These gentlemen handed
theu. notes to an editor, the Rev. Dr. A. Schowalter,
^o spent several weeks at Utrecht in constant col-
loquy with Mr. Kruger, elucidating various points
m^Jhe aid of the President's replies to a list of^ome
hunched and fifty to t^o hundred questions which
JJr. Jjchowalter had drawn up.
1 ^J^t^^f "'*" ^^ American edition has been trans-
lated by Mr. A. Teixeira de Mattos from Dr. Scho-
^'}uV ""^^^^ ^^""*" *^^*' ^'"ated line for line
with Mr. Kruger's original Dutch; with this differ-
ence that, in this edition, Mr. Kruger speaks in
the first person throughout, whereas, in the Conti-
nental editions, the narrative is aUowed to change
into tLe third person from the point at which he be-
gins to attain a prominent position in the affairs
5f his country. This latter arrangement, which ap-
peared on reconsideration to be an artificial one, has
Pin
been altered in this translation, and it has also been
decided that, after Mr. Kruger's death, aU subsequent
Continental editions shall be printed in the first per-
son throughout.
In the Appendix have been collected several docu-
ments in the shape of speeches, proclamations and
circular dispatches, including the famous three hours'
speech delivered by Mr. Kruger, after his inaugu-
ration as President for the fourth time, on the 12th of
May 1898.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
Eablt Dat8 and Putatb Life
Homele3s-In the new hooe-Hunting adventnres- '***"
Kroger kills his first lion— The dead lion roars— Fur-
ther lion-hunts— Panther and rhinoceros huntiny-
Under a rhinoceros— BnflTalo hunting— A fight with a
buffalo-cow— Elephant hunting— Race between Kruger
and an elephant- Canine fideUty— Kruger amputates
his own thumb
CHAPTER II
Commencement of Public Activitt
Foumey to the Sand River in 1852— The Sand River
Convention— Punitive expedition against the Kaflir
Chief Secheli— Kruger's life in danger-Vindictive
raid on the Kaffir chiefs Makapaan and Mapela—
Kruger alone in the cave among the besieged Kaffirs-
He recovers Potgieter's body-Expedition against
Montsioa— Kruger charges a band of Kaffirs sinjrle-
handed *
CHAPTER III
In a Position of Command
he first Basuto War-Kruger assists the Orange Free
State against the Basutos and negotiates the peace with
Moshesh— Kruger as general in the field against the
Kaffir chief Gasibone
Tii
35
53
CONTENTS
CHAPTER IV
The Citii, Was: 1861-1864
Kroger', protest againt the violation of the consUtution '^
by^oJLandant General Schoeman-Assembly c^^«
«U »t Pretoria— Kruger'8 declaration of war—At
St : r^-ent an^d their frustration by Scho.
T„ Kruirer is nominated a voting member of the
r;;m^?J-b, in order that he may be ,c.^^
hold office in the State without ^PP-^f^^^^^^te
tiationii-Military preparations on both "id^-in
political contest develop, into a religio^ ^^^^Jl*^
S Potchefstroom-Schoeman's flight-Renewed ne^
tiatic^The arbitration award of the Supreme Court
r^'^e^Kmger i-^^ed-Battle of Zwar^^P.-
Fresh negotiations-Mutual amnesty-The new eiec-
tions-K^ger again Commandant General . . • •
CHAPTER V
Nativb Wabs
Fighting in the Zoutpansberg-Lack °^ ^^"^
Z support-Kruger alone among the Kaffirs ... 9
CHAPTER VI
Pbbsidbmt Bubokm
w. .git.aoa-ExpUn.Uon brtw«n Kruger ma »
viii
lOS
CONTENTS
ger»— BurgersV poUcy— War with Secncunl— Dispute
abont the arbitrary war-tax imposed by the President-
Sir Theophilos Shepstone, the British Governor of
Natal, arrives with his plans for annexation— Confer-
ences with Shepstone— Burgers's difference with Kro-
ger and the Volksraad— Kroger elected Vice-president
—The annexation of the Transvaal— Protest of the
Executive Baad against the annexation
CHAPTER VII
Th« Intsbbbonvx undxb thb British Fiao
:ruger'8 first visit to London with the deputation sent to
procure the repeal of the annexation— Popular meet-
ings and popular voting in the Transvaal— The second
visit to London— The Kaffir chief Secucuni puts the
English doctrine into practice— The British Governor
seeks Kroger's assistance against Cetewayo, the Zulu
king— Further assemblies of the people and protests
against the annexation— Kroger pacifies the masses—
The High Commissioners, Sir Bartle Frere and Sir
Garnet Wolseley, interfere— The other Afrikanders ask
for the freedom of their Transvaal brothers — Kruger
suspected of treachery— The delegates of the burgher
meetings arrested for high treason— Kruger once mpre
allays the storm— Plans for confederation opposed by
Kroger— Sir Bartle Frere tries to treat privately with
Krugeiv-Kroger refuses on the grounds of Frere's
double-dealing— Kroger and Joubert have recourse to
Gladstone by letter— All hopes of a peaceful solution
abandoned joa
CHAPTER VIII
The Wab of Independence: 1880-1881
le seizure of Bezuidenhout's wagon — Meeting of the
burghers at Potchefstroom— The " IrreconcUables " at
ix
CONTENTS
Paader Kraal dect a triumvirate, consisting of Kroger,
Jonbcrt and Pretorins, to carry on the govcrnment-
The first shot-BatUc of Bronkhorstaproit-Majuba
HiU-Paul Kroger during the war-His negotiations
with the Kaffir chief Magato, whom England was trying
to gain as an ally-Armistice and peace negotiation.-
ProteF^s in the Volksraad-" Transvaal " or South
African Republic " ?
147
CHAPTER IX
Paul Kupoeh's First Pbesidknct
The election-The war -ith the Kaffirs in the Lydenburg
district-Kaffir disturbances on the south-westero fron-
tiers of the Republic-Boer volmiteers, in -Pfte of the
President's proclamation, enlist under the Chiefs Mo-
shette and Mankoroane, for their war "g*^;* "*«
Kaffir chiefs, and found the RepubUcs of StelWand
and Goshenland on the territory awarded them for their
services— The Chiefs Montsioa and Moshette place
themselves under the protection of the Transvaal-
England protests against this arrangement-Nego-
tiations regarding the western borders be^een Kru^^
Sir Charles Warren and Cecd lAodes-Kroger s third
visit to London-Sir Hercules Robinson-Repeal of
the suzerainty by the London Convention of 1884-
Visits to the European Governments-Dr Leyds
-Internal situation of the Republic ^ ^^^^^-/^'^
Delagoa Bay Railway-Unsatisfactory condition of the
finances-Disturbances on the westero ^'O"*;"'-^;^'"
covery of the gold-fields-The population of ^e gdd.
fields: the " Uitianders "-Negotiations ^itii the Free
State for a closer aUiance-Incorporation of the JNew
Republic"
165
CONTENTS
CHAPTER X
Paul Kbuoeb'i S«cond Pbkiidxnct: 1888-1893
Dr. Leyds appointed State Secretary— Cecil Rhodes '*"
canses trouble on the northern fronUers of the Repub-
lic: the Chartered Company; Lobengula; Khama—
Treaty of alliance between the Orange Free State and
the South African Republic— Arrangemerts in favor
of the UiUanders: the Law Courts at Johannesburg;
the Second Volksraad— Paul Kruger's "hatred of the
Uitlanders"— The Swaziland Agreement— British per-
fidy—the Adendorff trek— Religious differences— Kru-
ger the " autocrat "—The educational question— New
elections ,„_
187
CHAPTER XI
Paul Eruoeb's Thibd Pbesidbnct: .ogS-1898
The Transvaal National Union— The second Swaziland
Agreement— Difficulties with the Kaffir tribes in the
Blue Mountains— The English immigrants refuse to
perform military service— Sir Henry Loch at Pretoria
—The President insulted— Annexation of Sambaan-
land and Umbigesaland by England— Solemn opening
of the Delagoa Bay Railway and tariff war with Cape
Colony— The Jameson Raid— Mr. Chamberlain's pol-
icy of provocation— The report of the Mining Com-
mission—The struggle between the Government and
the Supreme Court— Sir Alfred Milner— New elec-
tions—The Queen of England a " kwaaie vroun "—
Closer alliance with the Orange Free State .... 211
CHAPTER XII
Paci. Kbuobb's Fourth Presidency
The Bunu Question— Sir Alfred Milner— F. W. Reitz—
J. C. Smute— The agitation of the South African
zi
CONTENTS
PAOB
League— Tlie Edgar Case— The CriaU: the suffrage,
the roaerainty— The Ultimatum— The War— Prealdent
Kmger during the War— On the way to Europe— On
foreign Boil— Homeleaa— Conclu«Ion *6l
Speei
in
Stt
APPENDIX
Speeches delivered at the Solenm Inauguration of HU
Honor S. J. P. Krufwr as State President of the South
African Republic, un Thursday, IS May 1898 . . .
B
Speech of State President Krugcr in the First Volksraad
on MonJay, 1 May 1899
Two Speeches of President Kruger at the Decisive Sit-
cing of the First and Second Volksraad of 2 October
1899
888
868
876
Circu]
Cod
era]
Telegi
Gen(
Circula
mand
and
Proclam
of tiu
Opening Speech of President Steyn at the Annual Session
of the Volksraad of the Orange Free State at Kroon-
8tad, 8 April 1900
Index
881
E
Opening Speech of President Kruger at the Ordinary
Annual Session of the First and Second Volksraad of
the South African Republic at the Joint Sitting of 7
May 1900
zU
885
CONTENTS
F
Speech delivered on the 7th of May by Pn^M,,.* ir '*«■
to e,pI„.«o„ of hi. Opening 7uZhTlT^7'^
Session of 1900 . ^' Ordinary
' ' ' • 891
O
Circular Dlipatch from State Pre.M*.„f ir
Comuuu.dant General., 1,,.^''^^* ^T' *° *^*
eral. and Officer. . Commandant Gen-
S99
H
408
I
Circular Dispatch from the State President tn f». r>
405
J
Proclamation by President Stevn airaini.1 «,. a
of the Orange Free State * ' Annexation
409
Index
411
xHi
EA
CHAPTF.H I
EARLY DAYS AND PRIVATE LIFE
Hoim
kil
— ]
Ba
hun
Me
M
myp<
Til
Coles]
on tfa(
Caspa
wife, (
behind
were sj
other f
ingah
old wo
many, but
that the i
woman, &a
— NoUby
CHAPTER I
«*«I.y D4Y» AND TOVATE LIFE
JVI ^ ""•"«*<"" «o b«>k to the time when, «
-I » * . boy of nine. I left the land of my birth with
my P«ent. «h1 my ™ele. Gert »d Theuni. Kruger
™ then we h«i lived .t V.«lb»lc F.™,, ™ fte
Cole.berg dirtriet in C.pe Colony, whe™^^ bom
on the 10th of October ,82, „ the third chUd ^J
C«p.r J„ Hendrik Kruger- »d Elis. Steyn^l".
mfe, daughter of Douw Steyn. of Bulhoek F^
w«e ample farmer., and I grew up at the f.™ like
w I IT" "": '""""^ "'''' *' "'«>» »<' '-d!
2 . hand m the fields. With the exception that an
old woman prophesied to my mother that her Z
a
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Stephanus Johannes Paulus was destined for a su-
perior position in life, I do not know that any one
could have had the least notion that God would en-
trust me with a special mission.
The first event of unportance in my life was our
departure from home, our trek. I was too young
at the time to occupy myself much with the reason
of the great emigration. But I know that my pa-
rents said they emigrated because the English first
sold the slaves and, after they had got the money, set
these slaves free again; and that the money which
had been awarded in compensation was made payable
in England, where it could be received either person-
aUy or through an agent. The expenses entailed by
this method of payment in many cases amounted to
more than the capital, so that a great many preferred
to sacrifice what was due to them, rather than be put
to so much trouble and vexation. But they refused
to contmue to live under such unjust masters.
Added to this, the Kaffirs repeatedly raided the col-
ony and stole the Boers' cattle, and the English gen-
eral, after the Boers had themselves recovered their
cattle, declared the collective herds to be so much
booty, out of which the British Government must re-
cover their war-costs before the rest could be distrib-
uted among the former proprietors, who had them-
selves joined in the fighting in order to get back their
own. The discontent caused by this unjust proceed-
EAHLY DAYS AND PRIVATE LIFE
ing took a iinn hold of thp P««« • j
fte chddren, and when those p:*»e„ts, n,adf s^
by custom, were detained in such an Lhif
«nd used for the ™..^ ^ arbitrary way
bitterness wLl'^d^rd ' '"'■'"''''^' -<*
«- left house ^ho^trXT '"l'^''-
pnonf^, J * ^"^ and unknown
country, and set out, about twentv of ,, ^"^^
>a^^ine.ehan«ef„rthe«o<:s5,f^^^r
M? r'T" *^ ''""^^ «-' eonunen^ i„
*y occupation here *™^' ""^ ^^^ »««nped.
--astodri.thrcjs^rar.piei'e:
fier. ihe children of mosf nf +k^
this work for f K Ml eniigrants had to
nis work, for the black servants had nearly all
-ned. the Colony, and, just aUhattLTwh:!
?^HE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
the whole property of the families consisted of herds
of cattle, their services would have proved speciaUy
useful.*
Other burghers left their home at the same time as
my parents and were also encamped near the Cale-
don River. But this was not the Great Trek. That
took place during the following year, 1836, under
Hendrik Potgieter, and was joinf.l by the single
groups of earlier emigrants. Immediately after this
junction, a meeting was held, resolutions were passed
to which all the emigrants had to submit, and a sort
of government was instituted. But God's Word con-
stituted the highest law and rule of conduct. Pot-
gieter was chosen for the first position, that of com-
mandant. The resolutions which came into general
force contained, for example, the decree that it was
unlawful cO take away from the natives, by force,
land or any other of their property, and that no sla-
1 1 am on this occasion able to confirm the authenticity of an anecdote
which tcUs how a genUeman v o introduced an EngUsh lord to President
Kruger, thinking that the latter did not take sufficient account of his
aristocratic visitor, and hoping to make a greater impression upon h.m,
began to enumerate the important positions which this nobleman occupied,
and to tell what his ancestors had been. Whereupon the President an-
swered drily : , , ..> r "
" TeU the gentleman that I was a cow-herd and my father a farmer.
The gentleman who introduced this nobleman was the proprietor ot a
large distillery at Zwartkop in the neighborhood of Pretoria.-iVb^. 6y
the Editor of ih» German Edition. ~ u .j
The anecdote is quite weU known in England, where I have often heard
it told of a certain noble duke who, at that time, had held no I«"'^"'" Po-
sition outside the Court, but whose father, who was then living, had fiUed
more than one important post under Government. -3Van*/a<or * Aote.
6
EARLY DAYS AND PRIVATE LIFE
Which lived the„ of 7"^^ ^J^'C^.T
tween the Vet and the vJl n ™^ **■
ruled there. ^ *^ ^^^^ ^ho
When the first emi^ ,nts arrived at the V i .
were encamped both here and 2 the Rhln It """^
in smaU scr-ered Dart,V«T "^^'^^^^^
Peetedl, .. ^t^ ^^^^^^^^ --
-«onh, the Zulu <..fM'oSs!^^SS^^^
Iikatse was at that time loid and master of th. !
dogs and eaUed them so Tnd wH f *''" "'^
over his " town » r ' ''^" "^^^^es passed
over his town, he gave orders to kill a few ix^r oW
Ih "■'" *"^«' ™t» »naU parties
^2 "--"■y on accost of the din^ensCr;
•^ he«b. «, aa not to cause qua™,, about the gra^l
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
ing lands. They were surprised by Moselikatse's
robber band, and the greater number of them mur-
dered.
After this massacre the Matabele went back to
their town, taking the cattle with them; but they re-
turned a fortnight later in great numbers and at-
tacked the emigrants at Vechtkop, in the Orange
Free State. But here Sarel Celliers had built a
strong laager and, with the 88 men whom he had at
his disposal, repelled the impetuous attacks of the
Zulus, from iiis wagon fortress, causing them heavy
losses. Women and children bravely assisted the de-
fenders of the camp, casting bullets, loading the
rifles and, in some instances, even taking rifle in hand
themselves to shoot down the enemy. On their re-
treat to the Moselikatse Pass, near Pretoria, and to
Marico, two of their principal places, the Kaffirs car-
ried off" all the emigrants' cattle, as naturally they
could not be taken into the laager, and so were un-
protected. They also took with them two white chil-
dren and three half-breeds, of whom nothing was
ever heard again.
A small party of burghers, under Potgieter, pur-
sued the enemy as far as the Marico River: God was
with them and gave them the victory at Zeerust.
They continued to piwsue the enemy further, and in
the end entered into possession of h*s territory.
8
EABLY DAYS AND PHIVATE LIFE
to Nat... rTdt^fp 1 *'"'''' "<"' P'^-'ed
communication ^,™*: ""^^-^ *° •« in
«nd were in Lat" foX ne ^'^""" ""^ ^""^^
Jand, they h„p«, ^j^ aTTI '^''''""" °^
But after the hv. V "^ °""'""-
.„^ *i. treacherous murder of Pirf B.,- ,
»nd the attack on the settlers bv 11;^ , ^^
most of the emigrants incL ^"'««'«'» hordes,
to the district S**"«"'y'^««'er, returned
•"»»!« wluch IS contained within «,. -c
State and Transvaal of to-d.v m ^^
«t Liebenber, Vlei i^ w^" ^^ P^P'^ ^«tled
OnrngePrJItT ' " ^'"'* ''«» '■■'ce become the
-eiLo™r^,rd:r':«>—
DeWet. ^'^''^^"^^s operations against
"d plunder, and alsot ^'.^ITr «» *° -"
»ok part in this evn!^T ^'™ •^'««- I
'a«on iaager irw::der^f '^^ '^" ""^
°w the Potchefst^om dil°:':nr^"' '" '''"" "
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
the Chief Magato at Klein Bueflfelshoek, near the
well-known Elephant River in the Magaliesherg,
where he was hiding. We shall hear of him again,
for he settled, later, in the neighborhood of Rusten-
burg. He had only a few followers with him and,
when Potgieter asked him where Moselikatse was,
he told him that he had already crossed the Crocodile
River. Asked why he had remained behind and was
in hiding, he said that he had escaped during the
night on the march to the north, and was now liiding
because he stood in fear of Moselikatse's bands which
had been left behind on the Moselikatse Pass. See-
ing that it was impossible to overtake Moselikatse
and that an attack on the entrenched position at
Moselikatse Pass was out of the question, the com-
mando returned to the women's camp on the Rhe-
noster and Vaal Rivers. But as early as the fol-
lowing year, 1840, Potgieter started with another
commando, and this time went direct to Moselikatse
Pass. I took part in this expedition too. Potgieter
there found a large KaflSr town, which he stormed.
When it was in our hands we recovered a number of
things which had formerly belonged to the trekkers
who had been murdered by Moselikatse's orders.
During the pursuit of Moselikatse, the chief Ma-
magali told Potgieter that there was still a force of
Moselikatse's savages at Strijdpoort in the Water-
berg district. Potgieter went there at once and al-
io
EARLY DAYS AND PRIVATE LIFE
tucked the Kaffir camo. But it *. j
»- fighting the w4^;^;l "1°"' """ ""
Zulu, but Hooi, or red Ka^^ho h^l'T "°*
to join MoseUkatse-s hordeT Dr^^ltto^"/""*'
informed of this t«^ i, , ""^V Potgieter was
Mamaga.. w^h^J reaT^fr ^ r"«-
.-sted and. after a r.^Url^lfZ^^^^'^
was sentenced to six m„n*h.- • • "artial.
would not have JlffT^ '"Pn^nment. He
«b.e to p„ve .hall «:; tX H H '.^ ""' "^^
associated with Mo.»ri, » ^"^ •'""y^ "^e"
<.e had takeTSfzl:"*^'™^--*' ""<■*-
they hr,ed tm Ir" *"' "'^'^''^^ "f^ -"ic^
losis T„ . L ""'* '""■'^ occasioned great
losses. To mstitute schools or churches or »<! 1
■^gular management of ertemalTff ""*
*e question B,.t *l. ' ,™*' ''*^'"«. was out of
-si^^eneration meant the^oft-rr
mund the table, they had to read part of the Sa-
-d Scr,ptu«s, and to repeat from memo^ or write
II
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRU6ER
down now this and now that text; and thii was done
day by day unless unusual circumstances made it im-
possible. That is how my father taught me the Bible,
and instructed me in its teaching during the even-
ings. My other course of instruction was covered
altogether by a period of about three months, witK
frequent interruptions. My master's name was Tiel-
man Roos, who f oimd much diflSculty in carrying out
his mission. Whenever the trek came to a resting-
place and we out-spanned, a smaU hut was built of
grass and reeds, and this became the school-room for
the trekkers' children. This was done during the
whole joimiey to the Magaliesberg, where my father
settled.
When I was sixteen years old I was entitled to
choose two farms like any other independent member
of our community; one as a grazing-place and the
other for sowing with crops. I lived at Water-
kloof, and, in 1842, fetched Miss Maria du Plessis,
from the country south of the Vaal, to be my
wife.^
1 During a journey which he had undertaken in order to visit his betrothed,
young Kruger found that the torrential waters of the Vaal were so swollen
as to render it impassable. But his ardor was greater than the danger,
and his strength mightier than the toTC of the stream. He drove his
horses into the water, and, dressed as he was, swam with them across the
river under conditions which threatened almost certain death. The old
ferryman, who had not dared to cross the river that day with his boat,
read him a fine lecture. But it was thrown aMray. Fortunately the en-
gagement did not last long enough to render a repetition of this hazardous
enterprise necessary. — Note by the Editor of the German Edition.
12
EAHLV DAYS AND PRIVATE LIFE
out. in 18« M^Xtll "" "'^'*"° "•» «««J
"»th„f.™,„,hatpJofT»J; T""'' "'
sion, to which my father h.1 *"'""*'>'• Aoonuni,-
■nutual frontier and h.H . *"' ■*«««!»« the
tween Portugal and that part o^J ' 'T'' '^■
the Boer em.-«rant, ^Tu^lZ^T ""*
Pamed this expedition, as depurZu ^'""
my father and the nth.^ u ^ " "°™«*- ''"h
went as far north "t^e "' °" ^'°"'y- ^e
"d therefo^S^TheX^^Or'"'"* *•*'<*•
found no ahid^Vpi^S^'^j,^^';^- But we
«nd other evils determined ... t T ^'"^"'kness
■«berg. where I c^™"1T *?. "*™ *» «>« Maga-
^ fanns by bar^^'HelfTr ' ■^"'''^ '^-
he misfortune to W ^^ ""^ "*«• ^ had
■< "Pon civil n.,a«^ „ , JT J"" »">«r»i5e «, „]^„„, ^
««l>aB«toS^.,S^,,"l,-.fr^^': "t""! rite fo, 1,;^
IS
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
to whom she hod given birth. God gave me another
life-companion in Miss Gezina Suzanna Frederika
Wilhehnina du Plessis. From this marriage s^ ig
nine sons and seven daughters, of whom three sons
and five daughters are still alive.
The first care of the new settlers was to secure e-
liable labor and to induce the black inhabitants of the
country to undertake it. That was not an easy mat-
ter. For, although the Kaffir was willing enough
to work, he was always endeavoring to cheat his mas-
ter in one wav or another. And, as soon as he had
learned his wor.., his arrogance often became imbear-
able. We had constantly to fight this difficulty in
great ways and smaU, and the contest sometimes had
its humorous side. For instance, one New Year's
Day, I sent a Kaffir from my farm at Waterkloof
to my mother's farm (I had lost my father in 1852)
to fetch some raisins. My mother sent me about five
or six pounds, and said so in a note, which the Kaffir
conscientiously delivered. But the letter was a proof
that the Kaffir had robbed me, for the raisins which
he brought weighed much less than the quantity men-
tioned in the letter. I asked him what he meant by
trying to cheat me and why he had eaten nearly all
the raisins.
" The letter tells me," I said, " that there were a
great many more than you brought me."
" Baas," he replied, " the letter lies, for how could
14
J^HLV mvs AND PH,VATK UFE
1 l»d . ve.-. faithful K.r '"I ' *" *" "*»•
"f n,y other f^„ ^^^' T"'" ^P"'' «» «»•
■"^ ""ttie to S.UI, p:7„*; ;2' '.i™""' "■«•
-'on. the „*e:rt „l^/^~"'-«'- "-t«>d f„,
"rf I "dded that he wafll ^t '^''' '""«»■»-"
"he number of st^ "T."" """^ ''"*«"«i by
»" by a mej^^t ^ *^ '''^' which I ^l
*» by the n.e»e„g;r "d Z *" """ '"'^ «
-'-".eietter^rurCKr '""'""'
en«Iy proud of his scholarly att, *" ™-
•t "H-ment co.«idered hiL^if "!""'"'* ""^ '">■»
'•7 other Kaffir ™ ""*^'^ mmeasurably above
- induced hiTLdTsorr'^^ '""^^ -«"
«-toh.V.a„ds^^i;;f^°"'^-'t-omes.
15
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
" Give this letter to April; he will give you what
I want"
This was done; and when they returned, bringing
a letter from April, I said:
" Give me the letter which April has written, so
that I may see if you have cheated me or not."
They were simply amazed, and April's scholar-
ship roused their unbounded envy and admiration.
They told everybody about the wise April who had
suddenly learned to read and write.
At that time there were no missionaries in our
country; but a pious Kaffir, called David, went
round among his countrymen in order to teach them
religion. When this David wanted to teach the
Kaffirs in my district the Bible and how to read it,
they refused to learn to read or write.
" Why," they asked, " should we first learn the
' book ' and then bother to learn to write, in order to
be able to read again what we have already learned,
when Paul Kruger's Kaffir reads and writes without
knowing the book and witliout having learned to
write?"
David came to me and told me his difficulties, and,
in order to break down the resistance of the Kaffirs,
I was obliged to let David into my secret. April
did not forgive me for a long time, for his impor-
tance and the admiration of his comrades were now
things of the past.
16
Ounng the first year, ni'
•I" recently .cquir-d l.li \ '"'' *° «•«'
•"d hither^ ^' i "'W -"^I^ Which
•W' with the „iM '.c^. l™"""' "•^' ""y
!»«*>»*.. Even- Bo^, Ll """ *" P"""* ou,
«ntu« ,„d ,„ « r^*; '-whom the ]„ve „f ^.
table. "'^' *° ""ke the country habi-
" " too much to "liLfe" ?""" ' "«« MIed.
"on.. b„ff.,„e,. rhi„::™^'; : -"^ r "«' »'
"« present at a big hunt Z ^ ^^" """* 1
•« «.e detail, «.n.feS ^i^T" '. """ *" ■"""
" I know. I „„,, have Z J> . r*^ ^ ^"
*Phant, and five wL "" ""'"y *« 'o^y
«•«* I w ki„;' Set""- ^"^ ^ ■»-
went hunting I .j^.^: ^^^ a L ""'""■ ^"^ ^
" -«« -» good hoi,/rnd rTrr '^^ "^'
hrger hunting expediti;™ J aT. f " ""'• °"
wagons of our poo,'"*"* *° «"ow two or three
% might havHl^t """""'^ •"• » ""t
,y cattle that were graz-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
ing by the banks of the Rhenoster River in what has
since become the Orange Free State. Six of us
started (I was the seventh, but did not count) to
find that lion. We were all mounted and rode in
two parties of three, with a good distance between
the parties. The lion sighted us before we were face
to face with him, and came on with a wild rush. The
three adults with whom I had come, my father, my
uncle and my brother, quickly tied the horses to-
gether and then turned them round, with their heads
in the opposite direction to that from which the lion
was bearing down upon us. This is the regular pro-
cedure at a lion hunt; for, if the horses catch sight
of a lion, there is always a danger lest they should
get frightened and bolt.
My relatives placed us. I was told to sit behind
— or, from the lion's point of view, in front of—
the horses, with my rifle covering him. His last
bound brought him close to me; then he crouched,
with the intention, as it seemed to me, of jumping
right over me on the horses. As he rose, I fired, and
was fortunate enough to kill him outright, so that
he nearly fell on top of me. My companions ran to
my assistance; but I needed no help, for the lion
was dead. He was a strong beast.
Hearing the shot, the other three hurried up, and
then we all stood round the lion and talked the ad-
venture over. A certain Hugo knelt down to mea-
18
sure the lion's tf-Pfh u- .
Thinking „: C i^:.'' 7« 7-"'--::, W,.
"■'"<* ™ frightened Hu«„ Tt h ;"""' ''™» ™".
measurements and fell ^ l, «f"* *''' t""*-
The others shoo Al^.X!"^"*-'^ '-''*•
knows that, if you tread , ^""^ '""'te''
« *ort time of'his Jirji/'™' '^^ -•*■•"
.«-. - though he we« stm a,"" ^ V'"'^ '^^^
'» i™, being foreed from the T ?' '"*'"' ^'"
*««t. p^„„3 a,^ ^" *- »tomaeh through the
«"■». hut he had forJLn r "' "'"'^- ^'^
ashamed of his fright. i„,;^"' *"'' """^ «««%
ie turned on me to give me !j ^T"l!° """-^ *«*
*rs stepped good' al:^^;^^^^- But the
hm. see that it was only mv iL "" ""^ """»«
l™ «. great a fright '^ *^°™"'* *** '■"d given
^ere after a herd of Lfi "'' ^"^^er and I
l-^XwasiSS-r^Kil^T'^'-^
'»■». I came upon a herd of iC T^ "* " '•"'■
-^ was out of the question S ^T °" " *''*''
"-s left the herd and mlT' ! '''"'^ '»"' "^ *e
-ed him to comellth"!': " '^ ^" ™e. I a,.
»* "^ though t^e'tad^-^^ r:, «°<^ *-
»«gh the head into the h^„ Th ^ 1 """«'
-•-d tu^ed away from me hi " '"' "'*
jj, "'^^ ••"* jumped up
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
again immediately and retiirned to his companions,
while I reloaded. The moment he reached the herd,
he fell doAvn dead. Encouraged by my success, I
fired upon the others. But in vain. They escaped
into the nearest mountain, and I was not able to fol-
low them. A few years later, I had another en-
counter, on the same spot, with a herd of lions which
had killed several of our oxen. These also escaped
into the same mountain; but I succeeded in first
shooting two of them. My companions, who were
not so swift of foot, lost their quarry.
I shot my fifth lion in the Lydenburg district,
when on a trek towards the Elephant River. We
were pursuing a brute that had robbed us of several
oxen. I at that time had a good and faithful dog,
which was my constant companion, and which used
to track the lions through the bushes. When he
found the lion, he stood still, loudly giving tongue
till the lion roared angrily back at him. When the
dog saw me coming, he stood aside a little. Now
the lion got ready for me; but, at the moment of
springing, the dog seized him from behind, and a
bullet at close quarters dispatched him quickly.
This made the fifth lion that I killed by myself. In
company with others, I have of course shot a great
many more.
Durmg a march against Moselikatse, who, a short
time previously, had surprised and cut down our
so
EAKLV DAYS AXD PBIVATK Up^
people, I was orderM f« ..
"wnnoiter the enemy's rJ^ '"'«°'"' «°
«««« a big herd of eleph Jts it'"* "^ "^
""me to this encounter Mv t^i, *""" "'''» '^^
but Con«rand.nt Po^Lf "^5 *" """* "^te' *em,
»«. «« the enemy ^ThTr''^'' '"" '~" *<»»■
Those .e« theZt^LntsT' "^ ''^ '^"-
«■» othe.. m, „„e,fTLrs K™ '" ^ '"^-« °^
"■■^ion to fe, and I waT» f I^' ^™ "^ P^'"
i™ down with the ii Jlr T '*' "' *° ""^^
nence on the next occasion th . " ^ "^'^ ^''P'"
'"w and faithful hu^STJ ™ -"^ ''"»■''-»-
»d I-hunted Ihto^^"'™''-'™. N. Theunissen,
W made an a«^.trhy wh^rthT"" *""' "'
haved recklessly or thrl 7 ""^ "''"' ^■
^e Which was'o^;„t:?^ »-«««. ""'»'«'
*- a sound thrJhin; ThetT"" *'"''' '^
'rong with my rifle on tfc *" «»nething
««el of which was Lw »'""'"' «™' "-
* IK>wer was ^^Ty le::^"™;!'*' '"^■
-«»^«e™ssth^T^::--;-s..
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
They were witharnostera,' the most dangerous
brutes. I told Theunissen to follow the two cows
and not lose sight of them. It was my intention to
kill the bull, and then join in pursuit of the cows.
My comrade fired from time to time to let me know
where he was, for he was soon out of sight in the
thick undergrowth of the wood. When I had passed
the rhinoceros, I jumped from my horse to shoot
him. I placed myself so that he had to pass me
within ten paces; this would give me a good oppor-
tunity to hit him in a vulnerable place. One bullet
killed him outright. I mounted and rode as fast as
I could go in the direction whence I heard Theunis-
sen's gun, loading my rifle as I galloped. He had
just sent a second bullet into one of the cows as I
came up. The brute stood quite still. I saw that
the animal was trying to get away through the un-
derwood, which was less dense here than anywhere
else, and I went after her. As I rode past my com-
rade, he called out:
"Don't dismount in front of the beast; shes
awfully wild and can run like anythmg."
I did not pay much attention to the warn-
ing, knowing Theunissen to be over-cautious, but
jui^ped off my horse and ran obliquely past the
rhinoceros. She had scarcely caught sight of me
iBkenosUr is the Afrikander for rhinoceros. WUhamosUr is . whiU
rhinoceros.— TVowJiUor « Not*.
22
EARLY DAYS AND PRIVATE LIFE
"^mn ""'.T '" *"" """""• ^ «"''-«' •>« to come
^ . Cstance of three or four ya„is. When I
^Ih ». *"*• '''■^ ""'»»' '''" dose upon
me, .nd ttere was nothing to be done but to L^
"."nd a^d run for dear life, m attempting to^
». my foot struck against the thorn .^t" and I
came down flat on my face Th. i„ V
me,- the dange.„s hoL' :. l^^t Z^Z
pmned me to the «.™d with h. nose! intendi^
to tr«nple me to death. But, at that moment f
tZm" d" r r '"^ """""- •" *^ ^"d
h^ i^ ' H ': ^""""-"We. right into her
a^n H 7- "" '" ""' '^""^ «" "y hold on
the gun dunng this dangerous adventure. The rhi-
T^z:^:i:r "- '"^- ^-^ "■ ''°™ "-
My brother-in-law hurried up as fast as he could
for he thought I had been mortally wounded b7my
ever, that I was standing up safe and sound, he t«,k
h.^ sjambok, and ".<x»rfing to contract"^'
-need to belabor me soundly, because I had re
mi acted recklessly, in disregarding his warn ng
Soft words and attempts to justify my conduct we^
*"7 away on him; it availed me nothing to pZ
"t to bun that the beast had already hurt^d
bnused me to such an extent that I mighl well be let
83
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
oflP my hiding. I was eventually obliged to entrench
myself behind the thom-bushes. But this was the
first and last time that Theunissen had occasion to
thrash me.
I brought down my first bufiFalo very near the
above spot. A flying herd of buffaloes came up
from the valley by the bank of the stream. We
hunted them, and I led. A buffalo-cow left the
herd and made a rush for me as I jumped from my
horse to shoot. I was ready, however, and, when she
had come very near, shot her through the shoulder.
The impetus of her onset knocked me down, and she
rushed on over my body, fortunately without step-
ping on me. She took refuge on the opposite bank
of the river, where we killed her.
My next adventure with buffaloes took place near
Bierkraalspruit Farm. The underwood was from
four to five feet high, and contamed a number of
buffaloes. Six of us came to hunt them. I forced
my way alone through the bushes to see if it was pos-
sible to get a shot there, and passed a herd of buffa-
loes without being aware of them; but before long
I came right upon a second herd of the beasts. A
big buffalo at once turned his attention to me, but
fortunately his horns were so wide apart that, in but-
ting, the trees and bushes got mixed up between
them, which not only broke the force of his attack,
but hid me very effectually, if only for a few mo-
24
^I^V DAYS AND PRIVATE LIFE
bong them at the time Ti-^ * ' "*°"' ''°-
«>e position when I ": I " "'"' ^ ""J^ ""li^d
«e«d at being distu"t^'^,.r «"""''■ ^-
»tood outside the w^ Tl ,f ^ """"d*'. <« they
hi» boms, «, high 2^' ^''.*^ ""ff-Jo'' hoof f„.
Fortunately I e!l^ ^1,"^ " " ""'*''« "■-
' ^ escai)ed with a f riirht
My brother-in-law N Tl,„ •
bunting near Vleeslk™' .^^"^''^'^ »d I we«
Wot, when I hid a mor^* ? *^ '^'""•'"* ^■
"buffalo. IhldWtatrf"^"'*""""'^''^*
eaped into the de^ th^ kT"' "^ *' '»<' «'
p-iMetofouowrh^rb^r;! ^'''r™-
■ny brother Nicholas »n!. 7^, ' *^™ ""^ ''°'* «»
in the Uuck undergroti Tv ■'°'' ''^' "^ "-^
*o pursuer. I was^ptsanrr::^^ 7""" *° «*
;;dOenly faemg and a'tlTC^n ^ ""' ""
*oo^ but my ffint-loct missed Z so ftTf ^ *°
»' >t. The rains had been h. , h«d to run
- was a hi, sw.mp1n^:h Svr ^T' '^'"'
»t of the enraged animal's wt Thet JT"^
' "fter me, and stood over mli^'. I ''"**''' ^''^
"ie before I had time tTgrtup. '^ '"'■
2S
.%v
HI
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
My rifle was in the water and useless; but, for-
tunately for me, as the buffalo butted at me, she
rammed one of her horns fast into the ground of the
swamp, where it stuck. I got hold of the other and
tried with all my strength to force the animal's head
under the water and so suffocate her. It was a diffi-
cult thing to do, for the horn was very slippery on
account of the slimy water, and I needed both hands
and every atom of strength I had to keep her head
under. When I felt it gomg, I disengaged one of
my hands to get at the hunting-knife, which I car-
ried on my hip, in order to rid myself of my antago-
nist. But, if I could not hold the brute with two
hands, I certainly could not hold her with one, and
she freed herself with a final effort. She was in a
sad plight, however, nearly suffocated and her eyes
so full of slime that she could not see. I jumped out
of the swamp and hid behind the nearest bush, and
the buffalo ran off in the opposite direction. My
appearance was no less disreputable than the buf-
falo's, for I was covered from head to foot with
mud and slime. Theunissen, hearing the row we
made, knew that something was amiss, but he could
not come to my assistance. It was impossible to get
through the undergrowth of thorns on horseback.
When I had cleaned myself down a little, I got
on the track of the rest of the herd, and succeeded
in shooting two.
26
wai never m near 1o,,„b „„ ,;,.
« 'Hce „ia, .„ „ « »y We as „„ce during
burg and I were on the veZTi" "'" «*»»-
«»"« in ,ight.* I "3 ■»«• -hen the first herd
t^- i»u,d„„f*rt":,:^««°«''hotat
*o"e I was riding „,,, Jr. „ ' ?' '"' **
JW "nimal, and had the uJZ '""^'™'"'y »P'>-
■n a cWe after I di™„:„t^" !"""'"« ">""" -
qu'eting and holding him and , "^™»"'«'«J my
t^fo^ I was ready to ^'o^t ^ T """= ""» '»»'
one of the elephants eau^siit of'"""' ''°™'
""""gh the bushes as f J f ""' ""^ ««>e
■>«»ne„t of dis»„:^,:!tr ""'" ^- a* *«
««^ and had not ttefett ,^1" °*""« "' "^ "-
"fter n,e. Van RensbrJ h„ "" '''P"""' "«»
«nd called ont as loudtt htT u *"' ^™'^'«V
turned and saw that Ih^ > t ^ '" """ "e. I
-has behind me wftb ber ^t "" "" '"'*'^'""« *«
"■ough the underwo^ 7w^7'«'>*-»heb™te
elephant was alreadv nn™. '"'"""• ''•" the
*e underwood, t^LT "' T' *' ™>'" "^
*e bulk of the elephant r ';' "'" '"«'*''" "^
'^-ditin,p„j^:tr„::^-/;*e«.u„d'
o«e, freed myself wifh T ^^* «^° °^ my
•^ed. trumpetiW an^ "P^^"*' ^he fol-
»nk. Jow came a race for life
mm
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
or death. However, I gradually increased the dis-
tance between us; but that was a race I am never
likely to forget.
The Kaffirs who were with us were about a hun-
dred yards away. When they saw what was hap-
pening, they too commenced to run; so there we
were: the Kaffirs first, I after them, and after me the
elephant in furious pursuit. While running, the
idea — ne to my mind that I would catch the Kaffir
who was the poorest runner, and, in case the elephant
bore down on him, step suddenly aside and kill her
at close quarters. I hao ^-ept hold of my nfle, a big
four-pounder. But the -iv^phant was so tired out by
this time, that she herself put a stop to the hunt by
standing still. Just then van Rensburg came up,
but his horse stepped into a hole covered with grass,
and both horse and rider came down, for van Rens-
burg's foot had caught in the stirrup. Meanwhile,
the elephant had disappeared. After van Rens-
burg had found his legs again, I said to him:
"Hunt in that uirection," pointing with my
finger, " and try to catch my horse! "
The elephant, in making her escape, had turned
first to the north and then to the west, the direction
in which the herd had moved on. I said to van
Rensburg:
" When you have found my horse, bring it after
S8
»ne. Meanwhile, I uriil foil .^
J soon came up with th. T ? •* " "*•
P"""«l n.e. The «?f t n;:^: ^"'"■''"' «"'* '■«<'
I P«»ed it ,„iekly to ™ ,e "f ""^ ^*'"'' »■"•
•cre^ed when it »w me "V/. '"''"'"= ■■"* "
turned round quioldvLTh ^^' '"°*"- »■'«'
f "- 1 J Jped illh^LI;^"?""*": '"^'
r could through the undenvo^ "„ . ™" "' '"' "»
upon van HeMbur« whoT^T' """^ '"''''^nly
" There «„ t«=.S ^ u '"'^* "■y '•<»«•
tun, back." "^ *« ««^« »»«.•• he said,- " we must
" I'ery well," I answereri " ,
«»* « shot first at these el,^i, ? ^ ""' ■"■* ^ »■«*
■»= so much troubir- "*""" '""'^ '"'-« «ive„
The mother , er calf i> j
I««red, but, before r „.7 '' ™"nwhile disap-
'"^y « to shoot two"f IT T ■"*' ^ '"" «•
»y hoz^, whose name wL T ^''''''rtunately
i^*e poisonous i,i::::i™-tr"-"«
-he commencement of the ^in/r::. "tT^::'
When quite a vouth T «.,
^- My UncleCuir^-" " ''^' " P-
« -telope, or e Jd" ^" '"^^ ^ -« W
■ te neighborhood of Cte i^* °"*'" *'''™'
-" » antelope in t^el"'^'^""'' - -n
gp ^y cousin rode in
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
front and my uncle followed him; there was a dis-
tance of about forty yards l)etwcen them. Sud-
denly, a panther api^nred and made for us at a
furious rate, althou|?h we had given him no provoca-
tion whatever. He overtook my uncle; hut the lat-
ter's well-aimed shot brought the panther to the
ground at the very moment when he was leaping on
the horse which my uncle was riding.
A big lion-hunt, in which several of us took part,
gave me the opportunity of witnessing a remarkable
instance of canine fidelity. We had a wh«jle pack of
hounds with us. When they had found the herd of
lions, they surrounded it, barking furiously. One of
the hounds would go no further from us than about
twenty paces. There he stood barking; but nothing
could induce him to join the pack : he was too fright-
ened to do tliat, and too faithful to leave us. One
of the lions made for us and then the poor terrified
hound was the only one that did not run away. He
stuck to his post. He trembled and howled with fear,
to say nothing of more visible signs of distress, and
every second he looked round anxiously at his master
to see if he were still there, hoping, I dare say, that
he would fly, and that the dog might follow at his
heels. But the master stayed and so the dog stayed.
The lion was within ten paces of the dog when we
shot him. And even now the timid dog was the only
one of all the noisy pack that attacked him as he fell
so
i i ' :.
»inder our fire IT , ^'^ ^IhE
."..-. PC. fo;ij:::z^' '"•"■ ■"■' --•"«'
■»^J the year 1SJ,\
P-^ River, in the ^Ztt" '"'"% *"^ «*-„-
veldt ,„ sh«t »„e «^: "'; ~"- "^ ".e %. „„ .^^
"de. I came .em,,. J ' '■"'" "^ ''our',
I oniy succeeded" :* r"?,""" """ •' "■ »"*
into the «„od. 1 d" ™" „/? ' ""'"""• ""> i* ««!
.'»-• - the rh,i l:,r.'" T '""" "^
"> whi<* e«e it would be „ " " *" "'"«''' "--
»«• 1 «.«eeded in «e« "„ "^ *" """•""' »«
«»t ve.7 „on,e„t. n,/^*," e.' ^^' ^' •""' «'
^W it with ™v left h "d ? '^ -^"^ *''''* r
<«t«ndthe™,Jl.^''^ -" "^ '^" ♦-™''. the
^^^'ofthe^unLS-Tfr™^™''
^k, for the f„„v,„3 ^i^^,-^^ J *«d no „•„, ,^
' I »"«, with the rhi„«=e™s it """^ " '"''
= '».e to the ford of a Itol '""™''' ""til
^■- cme to the arouj I "^""*- ""'^" "y P«r-
■■'«y»thedirX:of::r""'«'-«»Hde
Ilj:
i
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
horse, went to the spot, and there they found the rhi-
noceros still alive, and, following the trail of blood,
discovered the remains of the rifle and my thumb.
My hand was in a horrible state. The great veins
were torn asunder and the muscles lay exposed. The
flesh was hanging in strips. I bled like a slaughtered
calf. I had succeeded in tying a large pocket-hand-
kerchief round the wound while riding, to save the
horse from being splashed with blood. When I got
to the wagons, my wife and sister-in-law were sit-
ting by the fire, and I went up to them laughing so as
not to frighten them. My sister-in-law pointed to
my hand, which looked like a great piece of raw meat,
the handkerchief being saliu-ated with blood.
" Look what fat game brother Paul has been shoot-
ing 1 " she said.
I called out to my wife to go to the wagon and
fetch some turpentine, as I had hurt my hand. Then
I asked my sister-in-law to take off my bandolier,
and she saw that my hand was torn and noticed how
white I was, for I had hardly any blood left in my
body. I kept on renewing the turpentine bandages,
for turpentine is a good remedy to " bum the veins
up," as the Boers say, and thus to stop the bleeding.
I sent my youngest brother — ^he was still really
young at the time — ^to borrow as much turpentine as
he could get from the nearest farm, which was about
half an hour's ride away. Herman Potgieter, who j
ss
II
V-
»My to conrfort me: ^''* "^ ''~ther said, pes-
We inspanned and drove to tl,. <•
there advised me to aendTo^ / "^^ ^^'^ °^
*»d amputated; but I W, f^' "'^ '"''« *«
-y-lf to be stiU ftlir^rf «^' -» to allow
wm. ThetwoJoiToTrw^"^"^"-^-
k-J gone, but it appearedT! T ""* ""^ «'"»''
^^ *» '-move a^ft " '?"'<' ^i" •» nee
"tending to perfo^ t^e^ .'" ^ *~'' "^ "^'^e.
•-"y f«.m me. I^t tlTT ' '"* *'^ *^^ i*
■nd out across the Cl t ,h .?"*'' " "«= ^^
-.".uttbeoper.tionwasaXX';""^'"^ ""^
« means by me of deaden in^T^"' °"'- ^ '"«»
=""«Ie myself that tteT!. " ^'"' »° ^ '"«) to
'■^« thil su^£ *! *"■ °° ''"'h I was per-
dy else. *^^ "J"'™""" Wonged to some-
The wound hpoT^^
-aed flnely-ttde^^'T »""''^- The women
ypowderedsugaronit, and, fr„„
i ll
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
time to time, I had to remove the dead flesh with
my pocket-knife; hut gangrene set in after all. Dif-
ferent remedies were employed, but all seemed use-
less, for the black marks rose as far as the shoulder.
Then they killed a goat, took out the stomach and cut
it open. I put my hand into it while it was still
warm. This Boer remedy succeeded, for when it
came to the turn of the second goat, my hand was
already easier and the danger much less. The wound
took over six months to heal, and, before it was quite
cured, I was out hunting again.
I account for the healing power of this remedy by
the fact that the goats usually graze near the Spek-
boom River, where all sorts of herbs grow in abun-
dance. ,
84
CHAPTER II
COMMENCEMENT OF PUBLIC
ACTIVITY
•ii,
m
lii
CHAPTER II
COMMENCEMENT OF PUBLir .r,
' PUBLIC ACTITITY
tte Sand BiVer. where th. f Pretoria ■ to
mention wa, conrfuS "" ^"""^ «*'" Con-
Xn that same year fh
*-na chief S^eli' ^Ct t^t"^ ""^ »-
" » oommand»t. This S^^' , *°°'^ P«rt ^ »
II;:
li
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
other Kaffir chief, called Moselele, who had com-
mitted several murders in the South African Repub-
lic, and refused to deliver him up. The demand for
Moselele's surrender was received with the insolent
reply:
" Who wants Moselele can come and fetch him out
of my stomach."
Secheli meant to convey that Moselele was as
safely hidden with him as the food which he had eaten.
A commando under Chief Commandant Scholtz,
with myself as deputy-commandant, was sent to pun-
ish him. When the commando arrived before Se-
cheli's town, the Kaffir chief sent a messenger to
Commandant Scholtz to say that he would do no-
thing to him on the morrow, as that was a Sunday,
but that he would duly settle his accoimt on the Mon-
day. At the same time, he very artlessly asked for
some coffee and sugar, probably in return for his
amiability in " letting us off " for Sunday. Com-
mandant Scholtz sent back word to Secheli that he
had coffee and sugar, but none to give away. He
promised, however, to give him pepper on Monday.
On Monday morning the battle began. I was well
in front, and brought down a number of Kaffirs with
my four-pounder, which I had loaded with coarse shot.
When the mountain on which Secheli's town lay was
already partly taken, Louw du Plessis, who was sen-
ing the guns, accidentally hit a large rock, and the
S8
I'UBLIC ACTIVITY
«n.e bound up „;''^*;:^-»-»<J«t the «„,e
Iw«]yi„g™,^„^J^^™«cloth. While
« ^e distant. XC7 "™' '^P' *« Kaffl„ „
thing I saw w., that tte kI' '" ""*"' ""' '^
■-«»<> "Ok, and bouId«: ^ -«- -eeping up
to which my burghe« w^dl! ' '*"^^«' "» danger
"ot warned in tLe I ^ '''''°*^ '^ ««y "««
'tt«k on «,e dange^u, ^i^ralC*" "^ '"^
prevented me from c^T "«'' "^ ''"•"d
^"teptupahotfeS'""^"'"*^- ^"'K-rf-
«f ter a sharp fight the^^ T^ '*™ '"<' «°'e«- b-t,
My hfe was in danger fnr .
«^ «une battle. One^f Z "^f *™' '''^^
^«-n>ahugerifle,stru;met ^n '"^^'' '^
J«cket in two. The art^t e * .f^"^ ""^ tore my
f-t he had, up to thl wtd ?,''"'"'"'' "'•'
•» bx*. but that, whenl'ht " ^ ^"" '^ "^-^^^
^ brandy-bottle iZ ""^ ^"^^ "^ bands on
»f fact, iLen ;eri' T^""'' ^ " ""tter
After hostihC!^'"'™? of brandy.
■* nnssionaiy, whieh 7 '™*^'°''«' ^^ En«-
^ "''"<* ''as not far from the kJt
^
/*
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL ERU6ER
i
town. Here Theunis Fretorius found a complete
workshop for repairing guns, and a quantity of ma-
terials of war which Livingstone was storing for Se-
cheli. This was a breach of the Sand River Con-
vention of 1852, which prescribed that neither arms
nor anmiimition should, be supplied to the Kaffirs,
and that they should not be permitted to provide
either for themselves. Scholtz accordingly confis-
cated the missionary's arsenal, and in consequence the
Boers were abused by Livingstone throughout the
length and breadth of England, and slandered in
every possible way as enemies of the missionaries and
cruel persecutors of the blacks.
As a matter of fact, the Boers were neither op-
posed to the mission nor enemies of the natives.
Their principle was tu allot a certain district to every
tribe that kept quiet and peaceful and was willing
to accept civilization; such district to be proportion-
ate to the size of the tribe. The missionaries who
wished to labor among the natives also received free
grants of land for the erection of churches and for
private purposes. Even before the arrival of the
missionaries beyond the Vaal, some of the Boers had
instructed their native servants in the Gospel. But
they were often brought into unpleasant contact with
the native tribes owing to the engagement into which
they had entered to deprive the natives of the arms
which the latter were constantly smuggling into the
40
f
PVSLIC ACTIVITY
country Th;
"■^ """ty of the e™Sr:i"' Tl* ^-""'^
, ', • ""t aiso political c„' ■p"'^"'y, not only w.ii„^ ~ """' *"•■ ">«
<^'viJi«tio„. and tW is^K. ^"*'' ^''^'^ ha, ,«om fo^""' """l '""°ani-
<»"'ya handful of It *'^''"'' "»««•'' civiljj^" 'i" only one form of
«aOves,„ order, sev^rit^r" *" ''^^ "unS^n/Sf" "'"^'" *"'="'*«
**»» he came slln! *f "" ^^^tial. The bWu "'*»"*«da of black
"bey and lea^''^;'- .f * "« be'on^ to the "feH'" '.'^ *" *^ ^^^M
•We position adopS h r''' "PP^'' « thouKMhe 7, "^ *'"*^'' ^^
And again, ""'^ nJonUity, »
^iniy a^t^with^'irtThrr ^""^ '^••«-'*"^^^^^^^ ^^^
Africa would be the^an V "^^ *''«* «>e greatest 1 J^*" '^"^ »<«*
«'"«on to this questto^ "S." '^"''^ P^vidfTtll'll'^*"'*'' South
;^e as regards^t Repubr'^l'^ " P«'C ryefu^h."*"''^*"'^^
"d simple. Every Kaffir tH^' i!f '".''"^y' «'• «the^ he, l^"' ^«>''-
"spect the authoritv «f '^ '^""n <>"' bound«t ' ^'""°" ''' <^Iear
"^-h these tHt"Xlr.f--n'ent. and "in'Xr* .*;! *""«"* *«>
^ their share of thf kv *' ""^^ ^ equitablv^ . ""** *''* '*«'s. by
'^ fo'-igners Td etT , """^en- W^ o't^^T *««d. they must
"-^etheseunfortunatTKaffi ^i^ ^^P"'"-' Xnl^ i^"? *"''"--
^t3of the Republic whr*'''***''«yn^notSLTirj^" ^'^ *° ?«'-
'« the time ^11 ha* " °""* *''" '"fluence hw Jl .*'""°''"'^«« ''"b-
" fruit of the oM ""* '^''^n the native^,, .l^r ^""^ ^^^T «ith
li
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRU6ER
The next war in which I took part under Com-
mandant General Pretorius was that of 1858, against
the Kaffir chiefs Mapela and Makapaan, in the
Waterberg district, near Makapaanspoort. This
was an expedition to avenge the foul murder of Her-
man Potgieter, brother of the late Comnandant
General.* This Potgieter was a splendid shot and
a great elephant-hunter. Mapela had sent for him,
saying that there happened to be an exceptionally
large number of elephants in his territory. More-
this distribution of territory is nothing more thmn the old law of the Re-
public. As for the future, I cherish the hope that some time, under God's
blessing, it will come to this, that order, industry and the fear of God
will make the Kaffir also a happy and contented subject of the South
African Republic."
At the end of the speech delivered at his inauguration as State Presi-
dent in 1888, in connection with his admonition to the children and
teachers to profit by the advantages of the education provided by the
Republic, he added these words i
" You colored people,
•• A short word to you too. You have a risrht to the protection of the
laws of this Republic. Whether you make use of the opportunities given
you to acquire civilisation depends upon yourselves. You are free to
accept civilisation or to rcgect it. For you also I pray for the blessing of
Almighty God."
Kruger was elected President upon the first of these declarations, and
he called down a blessing upon '. blacks, on a solemn occasion, in his
official ctiaracter. This, therefore, permits us to draw definite conclusions
as to the attitude of the people in regard to this question. — Not» by tht
Editor of the Otrman Edition.
1 C!ommandant, afterwards Commandant General Hendrik Potgieter,
who is so closely connected with the history of the Kruger family, had, in
the meantime, died, at the beginning of March, 1855, and his son Piet
had been appointed to succeed him as Commandant General for the
Lydenburg and Zoutpansberg districts. — Note hy the Editor of the G«rm»
Edition,
4S
I'UBLIC ACTIVITY
over, he uked Potaieter f„
«W<* were in M.~h^ '°"'»« «<>««» to hi, cattle
""gement which h^lt^^^" *" '""'"«•• «n ar
0» "ceiHn^ thi,'^e^';;:^-'Mapel.,^„,,,
•"^ ""t "ith hi, „„ A^J"" '^»I»'«' Potgieter
«>lo«dg^„. Whe„,^,^'J'".'»"Kl.er,a„dhi,
"•gons were, a, muaCdeln "' *'"*'"''• *«
A« «"t. the K.ffl„ J;^"/ *' ^"^ town.
;e«.tio„ with Potgiet^ IT K '^ " •'■«' "»'-
described to him the „lZ. ^ ' «"npanion,, and
to be found, l^dden^^^h "^ ""* *M.ant, we^
ions and drageed Pof . " *''" «'^d compan-
^«J him .live in thf ptenf ^f"?- '" ^°^' "^^^
poor man „«, „„t releaarf^ u *" «^™- The
f-ed n.e the sporw^Il^T. ^' '''*^'^
place. '^ "*"* «"» butcherr had talcen
»«P«*ed any ha™, orX.l"-'^', '"''" ""'"''y
'""mber of women «,d Im """^"'^ '"*''*e<i
-;«"* fn-n. ZoutpTbettp;'" •''"'' "-%
^rfs had arranged that thl,"*- ^'^ t^o
"«^« ^ the wlteXtlr""' ■""-=- *"-
,7 " '*«'• respective dis-
I
lit
i
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
tricts. When these foul deeds became known, it was
decided that the Kaffir chiefs should be punished.
General Piet Potgieter, the nephew of the so
cruelly murdered Herman Potgieter, set r- '; with
100 men from Zoutpansberg to avenge the murder.
At the same time. Commandant iaeiieral Pretorius
left Pretoria, with 200 men, on the same errand. I
was second in command of the latter's commando.
Before these two commandos had united, the Kaffirs
made a night utlack on Potgieter's laager, but were
fortunate! V /epelled. After the two commandos had
joined ^'crces, the Kaffirs were driven back into their
mountains, where they hid in caves and ravines. The
joint commandos kept them imprisoned in these caves
m order to starve them into surrender.
After the Kaffirs had been besieged for some time
and su£fered greatly from famine, without our get-
ting any nearer to effecting our object, I endea-
vored to end the matter and bring about a surrender
by stratagem. With this object in view, I crept in
the dark, imseen, into the cave where the Kaffirs lay
hidden. I sat down among them and began to talk
to them in their own language, as though I were one
of themselves, and suggested that it would surely
be better to surrender than die of hunger. I also said
that I was certain that the white men would not kill
us, and offered myself to go to the white men to
44
PUBLIC ACTIVITV
-^i-ilFITY
JJut this dangerous moment ..
"■e Kaffir rf.outed " iC",^,fT^- '"'■ -her,
deeper into the eve, an j?°l "" «■« ««.»« fled
«■«». ri«ht into the C of^'^ "" "^ ""' «fter
r'.'-*f«n to hunt for tte „* r™- ^'" Kaffirs
•^ «■ every direction, exlr!^ T' '°°''''"* '<"
"O' midst. When tl ey S "*? *= -«. in their
I »n« more add^^'^,^"^^ ''"-'«' down a little.
■" •'"-ging 170 or ,80 woln "^ '^' ^ ™™«ded
P««e,ved that it „„ j*"" ^'"•^ ""Wde tl«t they
,■»'» t*ng to them. Mvl ■ " "^"^ ^^ ^^
^ effect a voluntary al"!'. °" '^ -^"y ^een
"-to get hold of Z^'' °' ""^ K-^ and
-•"^jo go .,„„, •^-;*'^ - aeverety ,„r ^
»d ordered me away fC !h ' " "■^''^ "■"».
ege was over, I had „„ri """='■ ^''■"'^ *«
* In one of th.^";"-- escape from
««-eterwaahithyash''L,'~'''"*''''"'''^
45 '""" « "''"ce in the
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
rocks. He was standing close to the edge of a rocl^
waU, giving directions to his Kaffir, when the fatal
shot struck him. Potgieter fell down into the midst of
a Kaffir trench. I saw this happen, and rushed down
at once to try at least to save the body. The Kaffirs
aimed a furious fire at me from the loop-holes in their
entrenchments, but the bm-ghers answered the fire
no less heartily; and I was able to leap over the wall
of the entrenchment, to lift the body over the wall,
leap back, protected by the smoke of the powder,
and bring the body safely back with me. Pot-
gieter was a big, heavy man, and I had to exert
all my strength to carry my dead friend back to
his people.
One of the Kaffirs who had been captured said
that he could show us some hidden caves where ele-
phants' tusks lay in heaps. Pretorius sent me with
this Kaffir to fetch the tusks. While on this expe-
dition, I came upon a number of blood-stained gar-
ments which had belonged to the women and chil-
dren murdered by the Kaffirs, as well as remains of
portions of human bodies which the Kaffirs had
roasted on the spit: roasted shoulders, arms, etc.
The Kaffir who was to show me where the tusks were
hidden also wore clothes which had clearly belonged
to murdered white men. When at last we reached
the cave where the ivory was supposed to be, the
Kaffibr tried to escape, and it cost me a great effort
46
PVSLIC ACTIVITV
1 • _
to recapture |,ij^ tk i .
cheat ■"• ^'-''^'■"•t'-tusts.e^.^^
*»»» -rfter this, the i«-^
"» ca.„e to „ end. ft wt!*/' M.fc.p^,,
•"■"duee them to WeS. '°'"'' ™P<»»«>Ie
"«T one Who app^^^l^'^-^theyh^ishot
nothmg for ft b„t ^ s^e a. " '''" ""-"fo™
•^ *ed of hunger. TL^, "'"• '''"J' hun-
"d l^fore I c.„, ^"^ <"" i-wting at the time
r*'^- ltw„l£^'r^'^'>«°^otnnder
"«« eam.ih.b, especij 1'^ "^°'»««y «» shoot
-« dehVe„d up »dteli7: ^'."'^ "^P"*'
««« chJdren of the tribe IT '"'' '^"''PI««red.
*« iands of the Boe„ C?" f *^^ ^"'^ "to
"y. portioned out .mo;rro f^*'' *«* « *»
""^^»t"ctlega,.urr:inta'r'«^' »" ^t
The commando now turu J ! ^ "^^ "^ «««•
P"». Matapaan., a%. H,^ * «««»«on to Ma-
"»■ «t fet. Commandant r" f" *" ^^'P-*-
«»ith a small «,mm»dTt„^"'"" ^"*°"'» »»t
l^ heart thatTCS nu r""' '°'^' "'■«-
* k^d been stored. I w^T^."' "^'^^■"^'^
' »« "ttacfc Maraba's tl^ ^f f j"*" «■" ""t-
^«- But I met with no^ V ""^ ""^ «"
''— ndersCde^rSt^-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
claxed that tiiey had some of Makapaan's cattle, that
they had never shared in his crimes, and that they
were quite willing to restore such of his stolen cattle
as were in their possession. This was done, but only
a thousand head were discovered. As soon as I had
possession of the cattle, I returned, leaving Maraba's
Kaffirs unharmed. I reached the other commandos
in time to join them on theur march against Mapela.
But Mapela's Kaffirs had also fled for the greater
part, so that there was practically nothing to do. A
few wagons, some chests, and other things which had
belonged to the murdered whites were discovered on
a kop near Mapela's town. These goods the com-
mandos carried back with them.
Mapela's punishment was not effected until many
years later, in 1858. MeanwhUe, he had committed
several other outrages; and it had also become neces-
sary to take away the fire-arms which he had man-
aged to obtain. A commando under General Schoe-
man, with myself as assistant general, set out against
him. But Mapela had entrenched himself on the
smmnit of a high kop, consisting of sheer rocky walls
on every side. I called for volunteers to storm this
fortress, and about 100 men came forward. With
these, I went in the night, unseen, to the foot of the
mountain. The commando now took off their veU-
schoen, so as noiselessly to cUmb the steep gorge that
formed the only way to the top, and thus surpnse
m
PUBLIC ACTIVITY
A «nh7 allowed mT^l^ ^' ^"^ ^^'^
«nd then feed p„°*° T^ "P 9«ite close to him,
^^-no^j^eir::^'!,'*^---- ^
tn^ger; I aimed and *„t k- ^ "'"''' "^ *«
fl« fmm every «de Mv^ -^^ '*«'"' •«
->f «m back Zfast aaf^rto"™" '^"- ' ■"'■
«^Ao^«. and have at thpm •*!. ^ ^^"^ "^^W-
So fh« "* without mercvl »
*»ut 15 men nrT^ .^ "^ burghers, consisting „f
»- numhered abo^^"!"^" ""i*""" "■"
"™ the black, in row, .nT?,! ^ """'d
~«.er a ladder of C'fei^''^"- -f-" "ad,
'«• Here the ft. J- i "* *° *« further
J -nore were k£ t'th^^ "T' ^^ O"™.
•"J '"'ttle. The ^rw? r^ *""" ^"^^ " *«
.ped. ""^^--^beW. Mapela himself
."aO Oaniiy returned from the ti^ ^„^.
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
ful expedition against Mapela when, in December
1858, I haJ again to go on commando, this time
against the chief Montsioa, who lived on the hooge-
veld between Schoonspmit and Marico, on the
Harts River. This chief had taken advantage of the
very severe weather, accompanied by a heavy fall of
snow, to steal a large nmnber of cattle from the
Boers, and had, at the same time, murdered one of
the cattle-owners and then fled to Setlagoli ill Brit-
ish Bechuanaland. When the Boer commando
which had been sent against him reached the neigh-
borhood of Setlagoli, it suddenly found itself in the
midst of an enormous swarm of locusts. The Kaffirs
had also seen this swarm, and when they saw the dust
raised by the approaching commandos, they thought
it was the locusts, and allowed the enemy to ap-
proach their town without preparing to receive him.
When the commando was close to the town. Com-
mandant General Pretorius sent me * to the captair
to explain why the commando had come, and to de-
mand that Montsioa should come out to justify
himself. The captain, however, was not in the town,
and I had to go on to the capital; and, before I had
reached it, the Kaffirs suddenly attacked me and my
escort. I was some distance in front of the others,
and my position was most critical. My horse was
^ Kruger was a commandant, but, in this case, acted as an adjutant to the
general. — Note by th« Edttor o/ths Oerman Edition.
00
PUBLIC ACTIVITV
flu-te exhausted. Flight „
•ttention of the Kaf&f. "^^.^ "» "f '» attract the
^'" qu,te close to me. tJl T '"'*»'»' Kaffl„
up, «.d th,s tet d„; tt'^^'^*^" «me hunyi,^
P««o„, and H, t^jrj^" ''t^'tion to n,y
^ho^eintoonH^'^rr'"" ^ "- ^o^
.K«ffl",to„ake,hemXnf''"°? *'"' *"««' *«
» ^ condition. ThisIL,? "^ '"'™' "« »tiU
Kaffl" turned and fleTa^t^" '^^ei; the
'■"'^ back to the other cattle L "'^ "'""■»'«d
«8»™t the Kaifos. Co^ /°°'' ^'^ «"« other,,
Pe«uade n,e to «hn„^.''"',* «"*""» tried to
Joot, the Kaffi„ ^g^^J"'^''"'- -• being on
I repKed: * '^^ *«te me prisoner; but
" Most of the ir.«
»■»- to runnmg™^- ^<f *-. and, if .,
«ify.'' * *« Kaffirs wiU not catch me
^enSchutte saw that T„
= Wd his groom to «™ ^T T *° ** P^""'«'«'.
"•P- So I rode on ^IZw T """ "*""> t"
«" about 500. whileTeW^ ^^^^"^"um-
f *o oppose them wel "^ ? "'"' '«'<' Ko-e on
*«» a few had r^n^Z Tl / "'" '" "^ «nd
' «.e cattie. O^Zl^^ t* **= -«°-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
put them to flight. Our losses were only a few
wounded.
The commando also succeeded in recapturing the
cattle. With the cattle were several Kaffir boys,
who were sent back to their town by the general that
same evening, under my protection. I was also in-
structed to tell the chief that the Boers had not come
to fight him, but only to fetch the stolen cattle, and
that we would come the next day to negotiate about
this. I went dose up to the town, set the boys free
and returned to camp. The released captives deliv-
ered their message correctly, but it never came to
negotiations, for the chief fled that same night. We
did not pursue him, but returned to our farms with
the cattle which we had recovered.
5t
CHAPTER III
I^ A POSITION OK COMMAND
CHAPTER III
The £,at Baibto Wai^v
.f^ri-" feu «rio,»]y ffl l?*"?" ^ W. J.
^ end w„ .t h„d, te ^t r*" '^ "'^«' «»'
tnct «d the ffle^eZ, J,*!*"^'»«•«r<^«-
««* me in «„e, so aS ;. ^°*""«y- *<» not
'^' «■" ^.t ie«fe,*:^';fl,^ '^^ I found
•-"y- This was most denf ^l*""" '"<' P««d
^•tiennghtstiU WeS ™ V'" ""<• ^''-»
"""enf- On the return 'f"*'^ "<"■"««
town, he had talked m^^;,'™™''' '""" *^''"'*''>»-'
•ubjeeu "^ »»" to «.y to me on this
^^-td2L:::?:*'''^«..ed..d-
-..^.en.ndHo,;:;™i.^"^*C;ommi,.
^^ eastern and northeastern
'B 11
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
requested to take over the Orange Free State f rorii
the British Government on behalf of the emigrants.
But that was now impossible, and the assumption of
the government of the country of the Orange Free
State from the hands of the English was now ef-
fected by Messrs. Venter, Boshoflf and a few other
burghers of the Free State. This, afterwards, led to
serious differences between the younger Pretorius
and the Orange Free State, for the conmiunication
was to the effect that the Free State should be trans-
ferred to Commandant General Pretorius and the
emigrants. Young Pretorius, like many other bur-
ghers, was of opinion that the land had been handed
over to his father and therefore to hunself as his suc-
cessor. The question led almost to civil war between
the Free State and the South African Republic.
Marthmus Wessel Pretorius, the eldest son of the
deceased Pretorius, was appointed Commandant
General of the South African Republic in his
father's stead, and, after a law had been passed pro-
viding for a president, he was also elected to the oflBce
a few years later. This title, however, did not then
mean that he was president of the Republic, for the
new statute was not universally recognized. He was
merely president of the Grovemment which he repre-
frontiers of the Cape of Good Hope, and who made the agreement with
the Boer emigrants by which both the Free State and the South Afric«ii
Republic obtained their independence.— iVcrf* by tht Editor of the Otrm*
Edition.
56
J A POSITION OP COMMAND
«nted. He now began to put fon,^^.
d«m. on the p^ stat., ^d, taT^* ' "T^"^
"-""ejected. I wL If "k *^' ''« <='«^ h«l
to return at once TdZnl!^"'"' ""'"""ked
eonduct of Pretoriu, wW I'f T "^"^'y "f the
•^ t«K,p, on the V J^^ ^°™'' "«»"Ped 'vith
Pi«inly what I thouS ^u? T' '. '"'' '^ ^'^
President of the p4L Lt , J ™ ' '"^ •'"t the
■rith Commandant Gene^ tf '" '^^"'^t
•f the Transvaal, whieh Tl ^^T^' '" ** """h
'here the new !.„ „„ "" ** Pft »f the eount^y
*e Utter should lltoV^'^t^^^' ""^
I «dvi«K, p„ t ^ »« F«e State's assistance
Boshoff without deltvr '* '"' '""'■^<' 'ttacfc
B»*olf, whow.sad4.<r:"T^**''^"t„'»ert
When the oppone'rr^ ^l' ^"^ --""o.
^ sent one of hi, office™ ^u, ™" "">«»'■
Pe«ceful settlement P,J Proposal, for «
of this; nor were hi, ZTj"1, "" °""* " ^''™'
When the «i™«.rie,- "sT *" " ' ""J"^' "ood.
Poetising bucSCT^K ""''*^' "-^y -ere
'^ed in astoniSf ' """ *^ "'««' «-
"Do they hold us «, lightly r-
:-l^nS;rr;:r^---HBoshoif
tonus; ^ ^ as I had told it to Pre-
"^"""e^uiteasg^^tyasyourad™™^,-!
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
•aid. *' Why do you take up arms, instead of im-
peaching Fretorius before the Volksraad ? He would
certainly have been pimished." *
Koos Venter, a big, strong man, who was standing
by, began to rage against Pretorius, and kept on
i^outing:
*' If I only had him here, I would wring his neck
for him like a bird's."
At last my blood was up too, and I said :
"Mr. Boshoif, the matter can easily be settled.
Let Koos take off his coat and I will take off mine,
and we will fight it out. If he is beaten, you must
submit to our conditions, and if he beats me, it will
be the other way about."
But Venter would have none of this; he had no
grudge against me, he argued. But I said:
" That has nothing to do with it. You stand up
for your President and I for mine."
However, there was no duel, but Venter kept quiet
after that, and a commission was appointed to meet
on the Vaal River to settle the difference. Here, al-
though I did not at all approve of it, I was called
upon to defend the action of my President, who was
himself violently attacked. In the end a compro-
mise was arrived at, and Pretorius relinquished his
unjust claims.
It was agreed in the contract that each section of
the Boers should have the right to punish offenders
68
^^ rosxnox OK COMM^„
■ own 0Olinf»» "kr
"» it« own country v„^ .
««a sided with Pretoriu. .r. ♦!. J^ owgnera
**^«ed with high treZT r ^"^ ^'^^ S**^ ^ere
«»c ffaUowa. n« ^^^ """^ condemned to rlf-
di-.t^: - "^""^^-^^^to^to.:'^;-
Bcl^^'^^^-^^^-ktheconipi^,..,^^^^^
^e^rZlt^'^'^^P'^^^ ^-tdo,oun,...r.-
*^eU» are you nnf «^'
P«.plef » ^^ ""^ «»»« to h«.g two of V «,r
* es, we have the W^K* * j
•greemenf • ' "«^* *" ^o »: it Mys „ i„ (,,,.
"Jfothingofthesort v i
"[■ ""tainiy; but •p:Lh^"l^""'*"«'"*°P"n.
"'T^ed between p^^!' "■! ^°'y Writ dia-
' ""y not km hi„ i„ orderT'^ °^ ''^*^- but
« Sf te„ g.,e in after!" j!/"™* '""• The
«Dy settled. '^^^iDdso the matter was
Shortly rfterward»,lh^,.
I 5.
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
war between Moshesh and the Free State. Moshesh
was no contemptible adversary, and he had a large
force at his command. His bands were continually
making plundering inroads into the southern portion
of the Orange Free State, and, when this came to
my knowledge, I decided to go to the Free State and
offer my services to the Government. President
Pretorius accompanied me with about 50 men, under
Field-comet Bodenstein. At Osspruit, on the Upper
Sand River, we came upon the first camp of the Free
Staters. That same night, the KaflBrs robbed the
herds of this camp. I sent Field-comet Bodenstein
with his men in piu*suit, and they succeeded in regain-
ing the cattle. From here we marched on by Win-
burg to Bloemfontein.
On our arrival, I offered myself to go to Mo-
shesh to negotiate a peace. The Free Sts • -Govern-
ment accepted my offer and gave me General Fick
and Marthinus Schoeman as an escort. Moshesh
lived on Thaba Bosigo Mountain. When we came
to the foot of the moimtain, I sent up a message to
Moshesh that we had not come to fight him, but that
I wanted to talk to him about peace. Moshesh sent
back word:
" I will come down directly to speak with Mr.
Kruger."
I was not disposed to wait, however, and at once
climbed the mountain so as to go straight to Mo-
60
lit'.
f'om the RustenbuPg „eif nff^- "" ^"^ "-Pto.
"^ to Wm, Myin^, ** '""' M<«hed,, fetrod.ec^
i"™ heart ten of iZ'f ""^ " ''' P°»>'W'? I
»<»- I am »„ „w. h7^^°' » ".ny yea„, ^^
y<„,„gj .. «ow, then, can he still be „
r— 4?:l?4S--
-3Se:-^:^-.we.t„n„,^
*^"y do von tt'll „
'^f o,„4 j^- -^r^'"'* « ««'^
'°"«t,»«ly«ethatwafdoe!r^'*^'<=«"y^ You
' y"" Woek the %h««dTfo7Ir "^^^ ""-^ "■■*«
^ »" J^^g at pea« .. " °""' """""^ with whom
^^-mneha^^mnent on Both ..e. Kosher ^.^
^^-^w7to^h:"^i-;^^..X.a„.^
' » the «ad, a« bl^e^T ""^ ""'ions. And,
---xhen,eXS;::;:-::^f^
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
you the man," he asked, " who fetdied Mapek down
from his mountain? " ^
I said:
*' Yes."
Then Moshesh proceeded:
" Are you aware that two of my daughters were
married to Mapela? " adding, after a moment's si-
leiKje, " You need not think that it was your courage
tbat brought Mapela down from his mountain, but
it was the dispensation of God that pimiis&ed Mapela
for committing so foul a murder."
Now, as Moshesh was at every moment speaking
of the dispensation of Gk)d anrl using pious words,
I said to him:
" But if you are so devout, how do you ccmie to
have more than one wife? "
Moshesh replied:
"Yes, I have just about two hundred; but that
is not half so many as Solomon had."
To which I made answer:
"Yes, but you surely know that, since Christ's
time and according to the New Testament, a man
may have only (me wife."
Moshesh reflected for a moment and then said:
" Well, what shall I say to you . . . it is just
nature."
^The trial of Mapela had just taken place.— Note by the Editor uf 'h
German Edition.
62
f^-^/ukt^'
^ A POSITION or COMMAS,
^ the evening, r sent <• ,,
f^<'«hesh answered;
^^ J- am Moshesh."
"Oh," said I. «A^
M-he* laughed heartily.
■i«at same evening
'"^ -" was to stop !;ZIX' T l^"^' *^t
Onu.«eF«e State hadl^lX'l-""' '»■.* the
<i°e-™e„twa, drawn ur^"^.*** *«■«»• A peace
morning. "P- «n<l «gned tfc follo^
M'»i.esh then invited me t„ ^
fencer as he Wanted to p^t° ^"^ "^^^ ^ « ittfe
P'f and Schoeman did ^oTr ^' "^ «'»P'»"-''"»
•"d went haet alone. Moth T '° ""^* ""y l^ffer
«-Dent saddle-ho^ ^ ?"* **» ^"'usht me »
»»* of the Orange Fr" StfT ^'"' «°™™-
*' ««aty d^ftedVMoshel "^''"^"^ ""^P'ed
''"■ght the fet Basuto Waf/"' '"^'*' -'^ t^^
"efore leavino- Sf„ i . , "" ^"d.
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
at CHice and set out as ^neral or, zsther, assistant
general, wi1& s commando, against Gkmbone, a Kaf-
fir chief on the Harts Rhrer. This claef had stolen
the white men's cattle, killed some of ihe men and
carried off an old woman and a girl of eighteen. On
receipt of this message, I at once jmnped on my
horse and rode to my home in the Magaliesberg, in
the Rustenburg district. In three days, I spent over
fifty hours on horseback. The conmiando had mean-
time assembled and was waiting for me near Klerks-
dorp, where I jomed it after spending one day at my
farm. On reaching the meeting-place, I found that
the burghers had hardly any ammimition and no cat-
tle for food. But we set out, nevertheless, in the
hope of being able, on the way, to procure both from
private sources. I also sent a message to the Orange
Free State requesting them to provide us with what
was necessary. But I did not obtain much here, as
I had no money and had to buy on the promise of
future payment. Our shortness of ammunition was
fflich that we could not shoot any game, but I never-
theless devised a means of providing meat for my
comnBBido, by instructing the burghers to surround
the game, drive it into the bends of the Vaal River
and ttiere kill it by beating it with sticks.
The whole crammando was about 200 strong. ^Tien
we appnmdied Gasibone's place. Commandant Piet
Venter came to our support from the Orange Free
6i
K-iJ'it,.;.-^.,
*^» "P the Hart. River cf; T """■"«• ^"'-
Mahura that I «,., „ *^'"^8^- I sent word t„
^-. ai- that MahC^rr;* "'«■«»'•*
Gasibone, unless he »«, „ "°' *° "terfere ,vith
"e'iverh.n.up. 0:1^^;^ '"-Pturehin.^
-'«' the assistance of ,72t '"'^«'' Mahu«
-"an and the yoJ^g^^^ZTl' ^ ''^ «■= »"
^y Gas,-bone. WkJ„Tc^ '^ '^" --'"i off
« ^e- thousand pac-s „f ^^T ?"" '" '^'"'»
Ga^.bo„e's camp to be the/ °! "''"'* ''« knew
-th united forces. VVedrf! T! ""''^'^ ''*'«<=ked us
7 '"e caves and :^tf"^l*'^'""»''«-e, fled
-hounded. The foiJo J! "'"■'* the pface
I ^eked then, there "::i::™"f. ""^ -~o
'-*ng-places. GasiboneflJ "!*''" °"* »f their
'«*7 of British Bechul^ , *^ '■''«'■' '" the di-
"^ day. he was found iH^r '"*• °" «*» follow-
'^ felJ after « .1. ''n«hwood bv « „ .. ,
ii" weretr "" '*»'"• Part ofThe ^ ""'
were taicen prisoners, but aft '"^'" "'"h
Meanwhile, the mission? ^'*"'"^ '■eieawd.
■""''"«'. ''"tbe,^,,^™;*^'^- deserved to he
e, ' "'"""dwaswillinjf
Ill
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRU6ER
to submit. I sent hack word that I would gladly for-
give him all, but that he must come to me to receive
instructioDS as to his subsequent behavior. Mahura,
however, did not come personally, on the pretence
that he was too iU to travel, but sent one of his cap-
tains. I nevertheless appointed him chief of that
particular Kaffir tribe, in Gasibone's place. The cat-
tle which Gasibone had stolen were restored forth-
with. Then the commando returned home again.
For me it had been a year of hard work.
!• f.:;
CHAPTER IV
THE CIVIL WAM:
^861-1864
i»i-
CHAPTER IV
THE CIVIL WAD. Tfi/»,
Commandant r ^^'^ vio/.v,on of fi. r>
"^nt and their f ***^^"««on of war-A f ^^^P^*" «*
State-Frelh *"'"* " ^^alifiedto k^!!*''" ^^ «° «ct
^'^ttle ofP^^u'';:' -"^'^'t develop! iT'^'T' ''" ^*h
tiations--The f '°°'"--«^h°«»an' itht' »^'*""' "'"-
iected-^W ,;f*-«- award of thetr""^"^"^ -^o-
gotiations-^^l'T^^^^'^-^attle of taSr-"' ^°"^ '-
JN the year i860 P™. •
«•'<!< '»*''te to settle public „«. ^ **« O'ange
"^-me State P««de„t"ftr^*^ **"'''• »-*«)
^«v.o„a,y, aft„ ,j^ ^^ »^«>e Repubfe two y,^
^ now, on the reti^ltt ^ ^^ *^ «'"*'"«on,
"- «!" elected P«side„t "f ^f o"*"' ^o*"*.
H'^ "-«I hi, election to ,hl rr f '""^^ ^'« ^tate.
"»<* his cWef aim wa, f "'■"""* ^-^ty there
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
r !"■
also President, for the purpose of visiting the Free
State. He probably expected to be able, within that
time, to accomplish the imion which he 30 miu;h de-
sired. During the President's absence, in accordance
with an earlier resolution of the Volksraad, the oldest
unofficial* member of the Executive Raad became
Acting President of the South African Republic.
In this case, the office fell to Johannes Grobler. He
was associated, as the law required, with another
member unconnected with the Government, and these
two, together with the Commandant General, com-
posed the Executive Raad. Towards the end of
1860, the Volksraad passed a resolution that the State
President should hold no other office. Therefore
Pretorius, who refused to renounce the Presidency
of the Orange Free State, resigned that of the South
African Republic.
But, when Grobler assumed the office of Acting
President, Schoeman, the Commandant General,"
opposed him, declaring that the post should have been
his. He held public meetings to get this power trans-
ferred to himself and to obtain a vote of censure on
the Volksraad. Finally, he summoned all the mili-
tary officers to Pretoria, end, having assembled them,
iThe official members were the President, the State Secretary and the
Commandant General. The two others were non-official, or auxiliary
members, whose presence waa not required at every sitting.— i.Vo<» hy tht
Editor of tht German Edition.
2 After the Constitution had been accepted, there was as yet only one
Commandant General.— iVo<« by the Editor of the Oerrmn Edition.
70
THE CIVIL WAH: „„.„,,
«»~ o*- Officer p^t-r* «^. I, wi^
O" tfc ««,und th.t it 2 „ .•«'"^ •«« Propo«d
»<« eventual, wont^ ."et ' \"" ~'^''"^.'
Offl-* ami demoded of IZ^*" ** ^^^rament
document, belo„gi„- to thf^ " ""' P«P«" «d
""t- I'«-P«.pLr*^.*"*»"y^<»«dto
7 *0"ld be ™m^„:^ fo^tt' r "•> P-fclic meet.
*« matter, and th« p^Z?' P"*^ °f decidinif
«<*<>«»««•. p«ty. w"'^ "■" «^ aceepted bv
"eantime, on hi, ow^ „„.'««'" ^ad. in the
«^Joh«„e,Ste;rtoT^*"'*^' '^^'"^ a
»^'^er I no, „y «ft^J:J*„^™»»"<'ant General.
I l-ad no idea that the oTjr ^^ °'"'«d «">«.
I -eapon,, h„t, even if 1 1^?;'"' '"•«"d«' to b„„g
! I »*ould still have gone ™. ? "' *^^ '"'^tion
""ty feeling ^ Tlrrt"' T* "^ '»™- ^»
"™ternjght easily h^f*"*" ''""d-to-hand en-
'«) to civil war. *'^«'' '^Weh would h,ve
MIOOCOPV RESOUJTION TBT CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
^ /APPLIED IM/IGE Inc
^S 165:! East Moin Slrot
ET^S Roch«ster. New York 14609 U5A
V^S (716) 482 -0300- Phon.
^S (716) 2aa-S989-Fo«
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
before reaching Pretoria, having once accepted an
invitation to attend the meeting. As a matter of
fact I rode into the town and went at once to Schoe-
man' s house. I asked him how it was that he wished
to hinder my coming to Pretoria, although he had
himself agreed to the plan of summoning a general
meeting, to which all burghers were invited. I added
that this meeting was the sole object of my visit.
Now, just as I entered, a council of war happened to
be taking place in Schoeman's house, under the pres-
idency of Ste>Ti, whom Schoeman had appointed
Commandant General. As soon as he saw me, Steyn
CO 1 Q J
" You must give in with a good grace. It 's the
best you can do."
I made him no answer, but turned to Schoeman
and reproached him for havmg come armed to the
meeting with his followers, while the other side had
refrained from doing so. After I had spoken my
mind plainly, I told him that I would inspan at once
and return home with my burghers. But, when I
turned to leave the room, some of Steyn's officers
tried to seize me, while others signified their disap-
proval of such treatment and prevented my arrest.
After I had left the house, Steyn ordered a gun,
loaded with shrapnel, to be pointed at the laager of
the opposition party and threatened to shoot unless
a certain Jeppe were handed over to him. This
72
THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1864
Jepp^was .t that time the only printer in the Repub-
he. H,s pnntmg-press was at Potchefstroom, and
Sehoeman-s party wished to have proctamatio^
M so that they n^ght he ,uioidy dfstrit^* n"
ti^..^uen«thebu,«he.. I. of ™„„e, .fu.dt
^t this request; but the threat of Steyn's people
Z^^T / ^"^ "^*''« '"^'"d »>«. that he
™t ™"^ ""^ ^''^ """-'f "P to the other side
I now .nspanned to return to Hustenburg. I cried
out at parting to Sehoeman-s men-
loJk ™ m! ""^ ""^ *^ Magaliesberg, you must
looK on me as an enemy."
ITetonus arrived at Pretoria on his rehim 4«
from the Orange Free Sb,f. a 1 "^ ""^^
v^imige i< ree istate and at once rode ud to
ur wagons with a number of Sehoeman's me7 „
schoeman s followers now declared that they would
sooner throw away their gm,s than aUow them ° "
a cause of strife. They were also willing^ I
o*the V f T"^ *" ^ -"-'^ *» thl ™te
uggesrea that Pretonus, Proes thp <5to+^ ax^
™d myself should e,abo;aterpre;!r T^Zll
ri^rrrr"*- ^^--'^/ofusthr^it
•was agreed that a commission should be appointed
to summon the Volksraad, which shodd thi"
78
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
acted rightly and who wrongly. The pub-
who had
lie meeting endorsed this sugge^ion and at once
pointed a commission with Stephanus Lombard^
president. The commissioners now enteusted toee
members of the Volksraad, including the pres.d«.t
Christian Hopper, with the task of summomng that
assembly. Thus, at length, a p«,per^-conven«l
Volksrid met, declared, after thorough mvest ga-
tion, that Schoeman was guilty of breafang tue la»^
^i deposed him from the office of Commandant
General. The Volksraad resolved further that a
special court sho-old settle aU the resultmg pomts
of dispute. It nommated W. van Kensborg as act-
ing State President, and Themiis Snyman as Com-
mandant General. When, however, the spee,al court
sat to deal with these matters, Schoeman violently
put an end to its proceedings.
I had returned home : fter the session of the Vdks-
raad and happened to be on a hunting expedition
on the Crocodile River, when the new comphcahons
arose. Messengers were sent to recaU me. Nw
during the recent disputes many members of tk
Hervormde Church had reproached me ,^th having
no right whatever to meddle in pubUc affaire. Ac-
cording to the constitution of the RepubUc, the Her-
^ormde Church was the state church. Its members
alone were entitled to exercise any influence m p*
affairs. Wlioever was not a member of the Uer
7*
THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1864
»™<fe Church „., "<" « fuUy-qualifled bu-gher
v^iiurcn, recently founded, m 1859 hv n^ t> ^
^. Ru^tenhu,,. U U ,^er^fy-^ZZ\!tZ
Afnea a. tte I>opp^, „r c.„,in« Chu^d,. The "c
wordrf«„ ^ '^* **"*""«•'*»''« derived from the
ZII'tuT"^'. "' *''«"«^*" f- putting out
candles. The meanmg would seem to be that iust
- a *p extinguishes a candle, so the Dop^rJ"^
bngu,shed aU new thoughts and opposed aU^ro^'
As for the peculiar tenets of the DopperC^2
«.ey consist in a strict adhesion to theXef L it
Synod of Dordrecht, of 1618 to l«i« T? ^
l^int of view of the Old ^ft^^' cT^*%**
-: iniL-a:tr;:rnot "'^^' ^--
. "t-mar, tliat no hymns ex'^pt Dsalm«
are sung by the worshiners tL . ^
rJi,„.«i, "^snipers, ihe members of this
^ow whc. X was asked to ffive hein ,r, f i, ^ .
dMcultie. I replied that peo^irLX:;^:^
A^ar^tof tU a!i^„p ""'^^'''^ ^tandmg.
* had been Zi tTrnJ^ ™" ^"^'""^'
7«
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Church, whk" massed a resolution conferring equal
rights on the ourghers of all EvangeUcal churches.
As soon as I heard of this resolution, which was sub-
sequently confirmed by the Volksraad, I rode to Pre-
toria, where I found President van Rensburg with
a portion of his followers and also Schoeman with
a number of his adherents.
The two parties were on hostile tenns. I went at
once to Schoeman's people, with the intention of per-
suading them to come to a peaceful understanding.
I suggested that a meeting should be summoned of
burghers from every part of the Republic and that
all should acquiesce in whatever resolution the ma-
jority of the meeting might adopt. Both parties
agreed to this proposal, and a meeting was called at
Pretoria. Hither came a mass of burghers from all
parts of the Republic, and it was resolved, by a large
majority, to carry out the proposal which had been al-
ready accepted by the Volksraad: namely, that a spe-
cial court should settle each separate question. But
Schoeman resisted this proposal and called up all his
men, who were still outside Pretoria, to rally round
liun. Thereupon van Rensburg, in his turn, ordered
Commandant General Snyman to call a council of
war and at once posted sentries to prevent Schoe-
man from sending out any more messages.
Pickets were now stationed at various points
around Pretoria— a particularly strong one at
7C
THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1864
Aapjes River, where the suburb of Arn„ r •
situated. The veteran Jacob iTw^^^^^^^ " ""^
of this post. He notifierlT n '" '"'"'"^"^
on the fdlowing daT t^^^^^^^ Comn^andant General,
perfluous .. I u , ^'"'"''"^ *^^^"« ^^«s su-
pernuous, as Schoeman's messpno.^^^ -i
lenffe to Hn c« ''^^* "^'^^n the chal-
senger came riding at full sneed «n!i 7'
f/^ 4.U • • e "" iuii speea and paid no hp#>ri
to the mjunct on to halt Tho *
arm Th, T """ "'°""'*«^ ""y « *»* in the
CM Z "" **' '"* ^•" ^^ *"' •-«■." the
^the same evening, the Commandant General
a conjunction with the militarv nfR™. . ™"'"'
;*-ta„h„«he.mrrmSh:To:i:
manf. /^^ngday. But, during the night, Scho<--
-vi^teawithSmenatecl'-rorr
""■"• '° """* 'PO* General Snyman's eo,m„a„d„
77
1)1
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGEK
now hastened. The Acting President and myself
accompanied Snyman.
Schoeman's party now spread a report that I,
l»aul Kruger, was out with my men on commando
to compel the recognition of my own church,
the Christelijk-Gereformeerde Church, as the state
church, instead of the Hercormde denomination.
These rumors occasioned many to join Schoeman's
side. Even in the district of Marico, he obtained
adherents, includ'^ng Jan Viljoen. the commandant
of that district. As soon as the Government's com-
mando, numbering about 500 or 600 men, reached
Potchef stroom. President van Rensburg sent a mes-
sage to Schoeman with a proposal that a joint com-
mission should be appointed from both sides to find
a way out of their difficulties. Schoeman agreed to
this proposal, and appointed, on his side, Jan Kock,
the father of General Kock, who fell in the late war,
together with other burghers, to serve on the com-
mission, while I, together with some others, was en-
trusted with the conduct of the peace negotiations by
the Government party. The delegates met half-way
between the two camps. Scarcely had we met, when
Jan Kock said to me:
" So you want to make your church the state
chiuxih? "
I answered quietly:
" Oom Jan, I need not take much trouble to con-
78
THE Cmt WAR: im-im
the officer, belong to th^w ^"''d'nt «,d ril
I «»~„ k„ jthit ™nns ^"r • "•"
as many as twentv K-i °'" ^^^ '"en.
'- ^^- y^z ^^: Irct""-- -'■-
true." ^ Churches cannot be
Afterwards I added:
-ere to offer to make it JiZ,^/^.' "'" ^ ^"^
lor our p„„eip,e a^^'^^f^^'"^-
m-t be the Head of the Chu!^ ^^^ ""^ "" "«>«
""pushing 4^t "'^"'^ ^«'°"' «">
«- town fn-n, the ^.^IL 1?'"' '" '"'»•»«'
' «t once opened fire ^th t **" "' ^ '^"«''
"ling one of th. . *™' ""* """^d^ i„
^y- On the follow-;; St *' ^' '"'*''' '"
« ^do. quitted the to™ fo!t r' ""' ""
«>rthem side, in ord,, H, P'"**"" ™ ""e
^ Jlut I had suspected Schoeman of this
79
1
t
l- ' ■
1 I
' ■:
i
THE MEMOIBS OF PAUL KRUGER
intention, and crept alone up the hlUs in order to oh.
serve the enemy's movements. When, at dayb
I saw Schoeman's commando approaching, I ha-
tened back to my men and gave them orders to get
ready and f oUow me to the hills. That no time might
be lost. I led the way with fifteen to twenty men,
while the rest completed their preparations, and
charged with them to within fifty or sixty paces of
Schoeman's followers, who opened fire with shot aiul
bullets. Of course, I and my mer repUed, and the
firing grew so T^rce that neither party coula see the
other for the smoke and we were obliged to take aim
by instinct. I had three wounded, while the other
side had to lament the loss of one kiUea and about
fifteen wounded. General Schoeman, who was
slightly wounded himself, fled on the same day into
the Orange Free State,but was pursued by us and lost
yet a few more followers, whom we took prisoner
On his farm in the Orange Free State, his people
rallied once more, "Jid General Snyman took the
necessary steps to have his opponents arrested there.
The Govemmcat of the Orange Free Siate was
askec' if it would allow such arrests to take place on
that giound and territory. It replied that it had
no objection, and even sent Landdrost Truter, ot
Kroonstad. to assist in making the arrests. But
Schoeman was too quick for them. He retreated in
the night in the direction of Wakkerstroom, and
80
THK CIVIL WAR: ,861-1864
Scho.„.n would makltr pi '"""■"■'""»'■•'
»tro„m, and feU in wi h ., ' *'"'* "^ ''"'^''^f-
between the Loon sTl "f «" "' *« »<»! River
«»%<.«n«wt":c:':rn?:':;rrr- ^•"'
■»«"•» people c^e up. X th^ L '' "' ^'''™-
Pretorius. He pr.n,«l ,?. ? **""« ^'*«<"«n«
Government party a»reedT„ th" **^""<«»- The
Potd.emroo„. on the ZTZ "'^ °'^''^
ment onee more s,;nt me with aft.*,. . '""
«- on the commiln th"le;:r''T'''"»°
nominated President p \ Schoeman's party
^^=on^'::r^f ---^re!:^:
«^-»ita3r„sr;!:Xatrr;r-^°
question, too, wa, decided aftTr /. ''" *'■"
^o««, in aeeoHlance wi* my ^s' 'f^ "' ""^^
•"e^bh-sh the tribunal in ex'a^rnfoJ!:;.':r:^
•IBi
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
requirements of the constitution. It was further
resolved that President van Rensburg should sum-
mon the special court without delay. The decisions
of the commission were accepted by both commandos ;
the members separated ; the war seemed at an end.
President van Rensburg at once acted on this de-
cision and summoned the special court. But, al-
though the court was composed in equal parts of
members drawn from both factions, the first case,
which happened to be that of Andries du Toit, be-
longing to the Schoeman party, was given against
him. This was enough. The remaining members
of the party rode away. The costs of the court, as
well as those of the commando, were given against
Schoeman's party, and a council of war was to be
held, to which his officers were also to be invited. It
so happened that I had meantime been elected Com
mandant General, and was charg a by the Govern
ment with the task of collecting the costs of the com
mando from the opposite side and, at the same time
bringing the officers to the council of war. I sum
moned a meeting for this purpose in the Heidelberg
district, where I met with a most friendly reception
from the field-comet of that district, named Roets,
a member of the opposite faction. I also succeeded
in collecting, by peaceful means, a portion of the
fines imposed, and in inducing a number of the offi-
cers opposed to me, including Conmiandant Jan
82
THE CIVIL WAR: ,8e,-,«M
M.n,i>, to accompany me to Pretoria «).
to the meeting at 71e.delh,r„ ""* *•''
"Paul Krugerwa.^1, - ^ '""^ ■"«■' that
-^i that r:r:rf:,v j^rt*" '■"^'"'"^
would go badly with him T """*• " "
ni«hta..eu:rd.riov;:x:-''"-'«"'^
«n<l. on the following L "?'*•*''' «"« young man
«f.™. which heirfur™'"*' '""'"' "^ '"'•"
>.» usual ,^* X let r ^^ '*'^'" '^ "«'<= "^
«.id to himf^" ''* """^ ""'* >•" «-y and then
whole party haa alreadvt. f^ '""«"•' '^<'"'-
-i-bedien^ .ga,W tte ^T" ^'"^ "' ■""*' ^-o-^h
■•ve»ihutwrLtrzi™::rr'^-"
man. • «sKed the young
"Paul Kruger," I replied.
"ed » violently in eve^. fmh ^a " " m"' '"■"■
mount his horse R..f ^ T =""'''' «»foely
*" »ot wait rmof ^n" Tt IT" ■" '"^ '«•'•«'=• "'
!:: -t
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
with the ahove-mentioned Jan Marais to the f ann of
a certain Strydom in the Pretoria district. Mrs.
Strydom knew Marais very well, and was aware that
he belonged to Schoeman's party. But she did not
know me, and thought I was one of his officers. Her
husband had been summoned to serve as a magistrate
in the local court, but had failed to appear, and had
accordingly been condemned to pay a fine of £100,
whereupon he had taken to flight. Mrs. Strydom
told her visitors with complete unconcern that her
husband had been obliged to fly from his house, be-
cause " this Paul Kruger " had condemned him to
pay a fine of £100 on account of his failure to preside
in the local court. Of course this fine was not im-
posed by me, but by the court itself. Yet she directed
aU her wrath upon " Kruger," and spoke without re-
straint in a most unpleasant manner about the Gov-
ernment party and specially about myself, who, " so
to speak, was the head of the party." After she had
continued these tirades against myself and my party
f or about half an hour, there arrived from Pretoria
a certam Jan Bantjes, who was attached to the side
of the Government. He saluted me, and, coming
up, said:
" What, you here too, Gene-al? Are you taiixiig
Marais as your prisoner? "
" No," I answered, " he is going with me of Ins
own free will to the council of war."
84
THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-I864
A light began to dawn on Mro c* j
tongue wa, «,e„c«l brapp^L'^Tr' '"
earnest entreaty d,e safd to m" *™'' °'
not h™' ^'"'"'' ^ '"'* ""' ■»<>" ''h" you were Do
not be angry at what I have said T L
by nature that I always tall to ^ , "" "'""""
ently. I have fh. ^ ^^*^°'^' ^ ^P^^k quite differ-
final • I rf^hTy^r/^f "^ "r™" '-^
take it." ^ ' ^''^ ^^"^^^^ wiU only
STL-::- rr r t"
The council of war in Pretoria passed off «.>k
out any noteworthy results Sh J T '*^'
was instructed by Sent van P ^''*'"'^''^' ^
the Orange Free §^^7 2 ^'°'^""^ *« ^« *«
^^ ■'^^^^ ^tate tosettle the Questinn «^ J
^ning the b„„„da^ b,^^„ tlTto sUte!"
^L 7tt ^'"^'''^'^ ' -e^Xatt
Mair w» °"T ' P"*^' *« Commandant of
toTr: T 'PP""^'^8 'ri* « commando to I,";
'-What^rwlL^lo'^ T "^ '■»'" -»^
-M._tsarer^„,^~ra:^irs
85
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
kopje, which seemed to be Viljoen's objective, a^id
succeeded in reaching it before Viljoen. When thejr
had secured this advantage, they cried out to Vil-
joen's men that they had no hostile intentions, but
only desired a friendly conference. The others rode
continually nearer, until they completely surrounded
Eloff with his small band of comrades, whereupon
they captured the whole company and rode off with
them to their camp. When they were nearly oppo-
site the place where I had remained with the rest of
my men. Field-comet Eloff suddenly put spurs to
his horse and rode up to me. His guards of course
set after him, as soon as they had recovered from
their surprise, but they could not catch him on his
good horse. The other prisoners were taken to the
enemy's laager and afterwards declared that they
had been threatened with all sorts of punishments,
if I did not yield to the demands of Schoeman's
party. They did not dare to make a prisoner of me,
although I had only a few men with me. My camp
had been surrounded, but it was impossible to sur-
prise me, for I was prepared for everything. How-
ever, considering their overwhehning superiority in
numbers and in order to avoid injuring the prisoners,
I had resolved, if it came to a fight, to avoid an en-
counter. So I and Eloff determined to continue our
journey to the Orange Free State, while the other
burghers might better disperse to their homes. As
86
THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1864
more of our hnr.,*,. ^*^' "^^'^^ several
v-y to the enemltre f n "e^engers to con-
to the South A?^r„^„ ■!.•"'."''"'''''"'"'""'
<'ow„intheO,a„;p^*:'^-''»;^^3ett.
^ """y disputes in the TransvlT^?* T "'"
« farm in the Orange F J sif ' "'" '""«'"
being allowed to gi.f it Cfc .T °" r"""" "'
team of oxen- nav T .! ^ "' '"'' "^"t f»>- »
p«« then.seK/;::nr 7 "™"^ *° "-
«em mo« p„hawl r hti^ "" *" '^^ *e ne»s
«em chie^Lt liight ^ t f ~f *° ^'^ ''™'«-
ghm. ShortIy.W.^7l2^r ™P"-»^<i bur-
to Prefc^ria for the pS^o^!^!r ™ *" ™^
-nt eon,n,ando en^ f, '^'^;^^ ''^^^"'■
A small Dortion „<• ti, u ^ Crocodile River.
-ned at""orfir r;r;r ^" -
^en I learner! fhai- *k • ^ "^ prisoners.
"^we^^S^^^J^^J^-^-eensetf^
--r f™. the <..er::;;;:x~--
87
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
to ask what my plans were, I resolved to return im-
mediately and join the Government commando on
the Crocodile River. Pretorius, who in the meantune
had resigned the office of President of the Orange
Free State, happened at this moment to be at Pot-
chef stroom. I let him know that I would pay him a
visit, if it were at all possible, but found no time to
do so. I did, however, push on in the night to Stom-
poorfontein Farm, in the Potchefstroom district,
which belonged to Wolmarans, a member of the
party. But I stayed there only about half an hour
and journeyed on again to my farm, called Water-
kloof, in the Rustenburg district, which I reached
in the afternoon of the same day. Field-comet Sarel
Eloff, who had been with me the whole time, parted
from me on the hoogeveU, and went straight to the
Zwartruggen district to commandeer the burghers
there. He promised to rejoin me in a few days with
his men.
On the day after my arrival at the farm I rested,
as it was Sunday, but the same night I pushed on to
Zwartkopje, where President van Rensburg, with
part of his burghers, was encamped. Here I met
him, having hurried up on the news of the advance of
a strong commando. On the following day, which
was Tuesday, the enemy's commando was sighted. I
had set a good watch and was early informed of their
approach. The enemy seemed intent on occupying
88
■1
''M
i
]
1
i
THE CIVIL WAR. ...
Zw rtk • 1861-1864
Both «de, came into oom^^^'^T"^ '"P-*^'
n>«n named Enslin, was i„ f " * *! *°P- I- <"«. a
one from «,e enem^ '^1^'^^ *° ^- ""» «>me
Don't shoot- J J T,. ''^ «'«»«=
anotherr- ' '" *" *^-- ''V need we kill one
Enslin lowered his mm k ^ •
eeived a bullet and fe^^^d f" "" *" "^'"^ '"' ""
i«d lasted half an t~ r"'"' >>«*. before it
•"■"es and fled in the direetil^'p^r"' '" *'''
•^e enen,,.trp;"rr T """^ *° ^-e
*ey had not to do ^ft en^ \^'''*'"« ""' «"«»
J'"* "t that momenT fS^ "- ""^ "'* "'«'«'e„.
«"' «0 men. and w^ J^ ^ ^'"'* ''^^ "?
I -ould not let hin^ I ""*"'- *« fight. B„?
J^ '^tened to m7::^,^''%'':f^ - this,
■""■g greatly appreo^ tv ^'?''™* "«■> Hens-
'^en the enem^sTj^^ e. """"''•* '»' "y Part.
"•gonstoasafeplaee Th '" ''"''» then-
«' iopjes a few tto^^^ J '"'^^ "" » «™up
^^_^ mousand paces distant from my
In the evening, I sent Eloff with
J^Wtt with some men to keep
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
watch in the neighborhood of the enemy's laager.
They got so close to the laager that they could hear
the people talking there, and could see how busy they
were in putting their artillery into position by the
light of lanterns. None of them observed that the
enemy was in close proximity.
That night. ex-President Pretorius entered the
enemy's laager, and at once sent a message to me. in
which he asked for a conference to discuss the terms
of peace. As I had entertained the same plan. I
readily agreed to it. Delegates were appointed on
both sides for this conference: Grobler, Pnr^loo
and myself for the Government, and ex-President
Pretorius. Menitjes and Fourie for the enemy. As
soon as we met, I again proposed, as at a previous
conference, that the Government elected must, m ac-
cordance with the constitution of the country, be first
recognized as legal by the Volksraad. In proof o
our peaceful intentions, I told the enemy that one of
our picke.s, on the previous night, had come so close
to their laager that it might have attacked them quite
unawares, had it wished to do so. This fact did no
fail to make an impression, and after a discussion that
lasted several days, we agreed on the following
1. The Government to be recognized by tne
Volksraad.
2. A new presidential election to take place.
90
THE CIVIL WAR: im-im
jrages 01 the Free State. With thi.
object, the Free State d,„„ld be^L*"
The Opposition proposed, moreover ^T^' ■
«on ahould be nominated tZ7I''T I ""^''•
it should be to see th.f «^ '"■* "''"« duty
kept by the 1™^ n?^rr;r -- ^^^
free access to PresiZr „ **'' """^ '""'«
«>i3 no objertln wl T ^'"'•"«'» "««• To
this commission. At t' » L^/!- ^ '"*"''*" "^
»df. mth Jan Krtl ,; T . ' ^"""^ "«' "y
to tie Orange Free sti ^'^' ""'^ ''"P'"«''ed
'-m the G^^^eSrstT t '"^"''«-
-»":^X"trreredTer'"'--
state, where President Br^J^h., """^^ ^'^
»f office, the latter dl-tdCl,':? *"'™ "" ""*
-tter an.icably rather til bS'^f*" ""'° *^
»^ that an":drt:x;"„rLn;-«»-
rtht,s:=r^- - e:en"^.r t:t
judges of his country for the purpose. I
91
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
now sought for a precedent for settling a matter cf
this kind, and at last discovered that an old jurist had
laid down the principle that charges of rebcUion m
a country torn by civil war coi Id. by general consent,
be dismissed by a general amnesty, so long as the
chief parties concerned were discharged from their
official positions. The Volksraad resolved in this
sense, and peace was thus fully restored. The Volks-
raad also agreed to the proposal that a new presiden-
tial election should be held. At the same time, at my
own instance, as I wished cO give the burghers the
opportunity of choosing another commandant gen-
eral if they were dissatisfied with me, a new election
for Commandant General was held, at which I ob-
tained more than two-thirds of the votes.
K
9S
CHAPTER V
NATIVE WARS
p
r
CHAPTER V
NATIVE WAJW
The TramvaaJeri «».<..
N 18't5, the great Bwuto W.r l.»>i.
F«e State. Bobbmg L ^^ ^ °"* " ""
"to, penetrated f^iJ^Cstaw'™* *' =-
•I" murdered some Tr»„ ^ '""'°'y- They
C'ange Free State. iZ^T, r*? "^"^^ '" ""^
™» ' supplied by iw-,lTf ''• '''* «'»"» 800
'""the^ttie^entSrcLf mT ''"'"^' *"' "'
»«"■ Modied,', town 1 In, "^^ '"'' ''" W*.
*f to deliver up the m^ ' "''"«' '» «>« h^d
*" "e wa, P«pLd to rtTt ^'r'"" ""«'"
J«y.- deJay. Before tTe 1^' t "" u"' '"' « '"'
95
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGEB
allowed to him had expired, he treacherously ^ell
upon the Boer camp with 8,000 Kaffirs and about
4,000 Zulus who had c^-ne to his assistance. Under
cover of the darkness, .^gravated by a continuous
soft rain, and a rising mist, the Kaffirs came right
into the camp and naturally occasioned great con-
sternation. It was not till daybreak that we managed
to drive them from the camp.
I had at that time a certain Nyhoff for my secre-
tary, who had been drunk on the evening before the
fight, and had been tied to a wagon-wheel for a pun-
ishment. He there slept so soundly that he noticed
nothing of the fight, and, the rext day, when he at
last awoke, he looked round in astonishment and
asked:
"Have you people been fi<-hting during the
night? "
Our commando pursued th** enemy into the moun-
tains in the direction of Malay's town. At the same
time, I dispatched a message to Fick, the Chief Com-
mandant of the Orange Free State, who had about
600 men with him, to ask him also to advance towards
Malap's town, with his commando, and join me there.
This was done, and we held b. council of war in which
it was decided that the burghers of the South African
Republic should receive farms in the territory which
was now about to be freed of the enemy and hold
them under the laws of the Orange Free State. The
96
NATIVE WARS
Gwenunent of the Pre- «...
""'"tion. An ,tt„~ «;•*«»" infomed of tti.
,"«»y »« driven off " ? '*'^"* '»««* The
«'fcd.nd.o„„ded.nd • ^S^ "T'*' "' J^ »«n
*■«*, there the com»! T '"''^""'ec.ptu^
f^n Of M<!::irct' "oir' '"'«»""^'
K«t.l«t.ber,r, we c.„,e JI^„ °" *« "V. near tte
of •bout 20.000 mT Tr." '""« '''^''' 'o"*
ry be e.t.„.ted to «,„e e«f„?^** f *« '"""y
1«mtion. When we ^^'I^ *' ^*'^«
'«■«». who were all mounZT ""' ** K,UBr
-'"^ -"ong «,e», M^h'l "" »•'«<«' »me ,oo«
'»'«» "■•«. the number of r T^ " '*" «"»"
eluded they .e^e.",;;!*? ^««" «>"t we .,„.
"Pt-"^* the cttie, we ;^"r '^ ''"^^ '"
«« «.d . fe, h J,^ »^ -o« sheep, 8,000
Comniandant Fiolr h
«»' to the resolution :^rha;L!' """ ™' «»-
""""l of war, bv wh eh T ^" P"*""" «t the
•» >« beld under ^e Wa:;tr "*"'''«' territory
^y^ of thi, the buTlh * f r ^''t^- In con^
Z ^ *' ^outh Afriean
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Republic refused to fight any longer and went
home.
I had hardly reached home, after this expedition,
when I had to go to Potchefstroom to attend the Ses-
sion of 1866 of the Volksraad. On my return jour-
ney after the sitting, I met with a serious accident.
At Schoonkloof Farm, in the Rustenburg district,
just beyond Elephant's Pass, I had to cross a shot,
or ditch. The ditch was dry, but the road which led
across the ditch was thoroughly soaked and cracked,
so that it was impossible for wagon or horse to get
through. Now, rather than turn back and go a long
way out of my road, I went back a little way with my
two-wheeled cart and then urged the mules to a fuU
gallop towards the ditch, intending to make them
jump the ditch and drag the cart after them. But the
cart upset and I broke my left leg at the knee. With
my broken leg and assisted only by the small Kaflfir
boy whom I had with me, I had to get the cart up
again, lift it on to the wheels, and, without being able
to bind up my leg, drive for an hour and a half to get
home. The j olting of the cart caused me terrible suf-
fering, and my broken leg compelled me to nine
months of inactivity, during which time I only map-
aged to crawl about on crutches. My left leg has
ever since been a little shorter than the other, but it
was hardly noticeable after a time.
Before I had quite recovered, in 1867, I had to
98
^"#%
OA^
NATIVE WARS
Jead a commando against *»,« i. ,
°"»ition. this expedition " .?"*'' '** "' «"-
P«sident P«toriC^ir .""^ *° '■'' '»'* little.
--•fon, but e„r„ot t^:r ' *" """ - »"-
-e« stopped at the w"; 't' T' " ""^ ^^^s
*rtrict the village ofTe^!!' ^'' *^ ^"'P^^berg
specialty f™„ ^el'trrKa^S'^ ^-^^
there, and twice attacked the k1 ^^^ ^ "«*
ttem tvom that nei«hltl5 ^ """^^ '» <»ri''e
•ttempts, a., n,y ;^2":f " «■"• '" «.ese two
-A against ™y C^"™'"" -«». exhausted, and,
«""«%- loffeJto' r *^ *" "•"""'o"
"-.fon should come fZTT^ "''^ '"'' -
7t a mounted messengerto^T'™' T*'" ^ ''^
"en was wilhng to st«v „•*! '"^"■"'™et with his
;» ^- o. an,Ce?dS "l c^il Tf '^^"^■•"^
'»«ether, and held a n,^7 • ""'' ** """gere
^^t I would Ja,; Xtt'" t'* ' *°" *-
■iechml that they woulTr^th!'."' *^ """e^"
««d. conditions, hut wouW . T:^^ ^"^ •""»«
"■"•do, as they couIdT f . ^* '''■* *« eom-
^'-blepossessiotona? ^"^ *"'^ *- ""^
» «.e commando, wlfl" le ?°" "' *"■"• «'*-
""t driven away ^e' w! ,7^' " ""^ '^'■«" -ere
^' *en. for wl^t of J ' '"'™ *" "^^ '«ter on,
•"«'">p«>pertyt:L:rrs:r''^™*'"^'-
^em. So there was nothing
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
for it but to escort the inhabitants of Schoemansdaal
to Marabastad, which place thus, for the time being,
became the chief settlement in the Zoutpansberg
district.
On the return journey across Makapaanspoort,
the inhabitants of that district complained that the
Kaffir captain Machem had stolen much cattle from
them and that he hal acted altogether in so aggres-
sive a manner that they lived in constant fear of
attack.
Machem was summoned to appear before me, as
he had changed his quarters, and I could not go to
him to speak with him. His present habitation was a
mere nest of caves, ravines and earth-holes, where
his people lived on stolen cattle and could easily
escape pursuit. Machem answered the summons,
but many of his people would not leave their caves.
I therefore went myself, accompanied by the captain,
to fetch the rebels. On arriving at the kraal, I sent
messe- gers to announce the object of my visit. But
the Kaffirs refused to listen to the messengers and
attacked them. When I heard the firing, I ran to
the rescue. The Kaffirs fired at me also, but, after a
short fight, we succeeded in capturing those of the
cave-dwellers who had not escaped. This band, to-
gether with the others who had first obeyed the sum-
mons, were then taken to their new home, five or
six miles up the Nile River. At Makapaanspoort,
100
NATIVE WARS
a small guard was al«n i«^* *
tants. ^ *^'° ^^^* *° protect the inhabi-
This affair with Maehem had caused a ;^reat tn-^
vVhiie we were hc^ipdr.^ *i, « *^ ** *o-do.
their eavea, the gwHf Z t jf "^"^ ^»«" '»
yet to prevent th*^m f ^ '^°'"^" and
---. X rrr^rn ::^ "'™''
going to the caves anrf nl T ^^^ "^^'^
We toot the™ .,«:' J^ ^^« j;^« -l-ision.
e-d, and left to the decision" fte eZ r ^'""
wiose confirmation I also had t„ L ™ ""<"'
"^ the place allotted to Mache^l":"' "^ """"^
their new settlement (I htd f^ tr"'" '"'
orde« to mate him lite t^- u ^ ^"^ '"'^
Machem's tribe ,^ u "^ quarters). If
P™»ised toThavt^er"",""""*^ '''
K"«M (and afterwards ^Bri^rr""^ .!:
I>«ve been ingeboekt. that is r^Z ? ' ™"'''
families under le„«I .. '^P°*oned out to Boer
"uuer legal supervision iint;i «.
«ge. Maehem, however hehT T ^ ^^ °^
'^;terbcr« and'^irbe ^^LTt \'"
"'-KarSofl""'-™--^^^^^^
"^-efs of tte neighborhood assembled.
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
They all seemed greatly surprised at my unexpected
visit. They knew I was to come, but had thought
that I would summon them by messenger to come to
me; and they now consulted as to how they should
act in this case. They had never thought that I
would venture among them alone. Without dis-
playing the least distrust, I dismounted in their
town, and they all kept quiet. They greeted me
with the words:
" When it is peace, it is peace; and when it is war,
it is war," which implied that my arrival without an
escort showed them that my disposition towards them
was friendly, that I expected the same from them,
and that therefore they must keep the peace. From
Makapaansport, I went on to Zoutpansberg, where
one of the captains who had fought against me in
the previous year now offered his submission. The
object of this journey was not merely tliat I might
see the captains personally and admonish them to
keep the peace, but also, as is the duty of a com-
mandant general, take a census of the Kaffirs, a
valuation necessary for the purpose of taxation.
102
li'i
CHAPTER VI
PRESIDENT BURGERS
CHAPTER VI
PHESIDENT BUEGEH8
Dispute about Kimberiev-K,,, .
of arbitration to which p,fJS;7*^»* against the court
^;- -ign. «., Preside,^'!!;"^';^"- has ,ielded-P,e-
We majority, "otwithstandL KrT^. •"*'" '^"^^ ^^ «
-^on between Kruger and BuJgfr-fB?/«^^«---Expla-
wath Secucuni-Dispute about the Lf ^" P'^^'^^-War
by the President-Sir TheophiL 0^"^ ^"-*«^ '»P<>«ed
Governor of Natal, arrive, ^^ h^ f ^P"*;"^' *he British
Conferences with Shepstone^Bn. ^!T ^°' «°°«ation-
«er and the Volksraad-Kr^f T" f "^"""^ ^th Kru-
-ne^ation of the Transv^T-^^tf ,!r'''"''^«"'--The
««a,nst the annexation. '"*"''* °^ *he Executive Raad
|N 1870 diamond fields w*.i.« a-
Soutt African S^^^^^ZT^ t ""* "^ *«
*tf went to re«.l»r !^ ""y^''*- I>ny-
Within C^Xl^^ttt""-""^'*^^
'«»Ved by the ]f„„r i • " "'^'^ unaVilly
<^- Tbe^J^ttT'T -ho had gathe J
^/of„p„hHn^:^«^«^^«taM.heda
""i threatened Pretori„r !u " *" ?"«'<'»*
*™ alone. "^ '"* ™'' ""'ess he left
I '"'^'orius complained to the Brit- i. ^
"""t the behavior of it. s^h^ts^"^' ^^7^ ™'
lOj H« «'«« told that
i n
pw
■ 1
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
the districts in which the diamonds were found did
not belong to the Republic but to the Kaffir chiefs
Montsioa and Gasibone. This was one of those false
statements with which the British Government is
always prepared when it suits its purpose; for Gasi-
bone had now for some tune been deposed by the
Government of the South African RepubUc and
Mahura put in his place. His district was within the
borders of the South African Republic. About this
there had never been the sUghtest doubt or dispute.
Waterboer himself only laid claim to the territories
at the instigation of the English. He had no right
to them whatever.
In order to avoid the difficulties, President Pre-
torius agreed to arbitrate with Mahura, Montsioa and
Waterboer. This was a mistake and very much
against my wish, as I maintained that the Republic
did not need and should never accept arbitration re-
garding her own possessions or between herself and
her subjects. President Pretorius asked Keate, the
Governor of Natal, to arbitrate, and the latter de-
cided in favor of the Kaffir chiefs, declaring them to
be the independent proprietors of the disputed
districts.
One of the ^tnesses in this business was the Kaffir
chief Mobilo. He was asked if he intended to make
any claims, as he had assisted in clearing '^e distnct
and making it habitable. He answered:
106
«
PRESIDENT BURGERS
J* 1 «
Yes. I did help, but
-rnent., and then l^,^[ "" *'»'«'" ^" « few
W^ef WX^.^rU:tW, (God,, .„^^
Mriuno«„t the white m^",^ " '"'"^'"•'« •»•
Phee my foot upontLZ^ T" "'^ ^""^ ^ ""^
He spoke someT * T "^ "^ ''*''««'? "
-eth^wthemfothetr^rH "T' ""^ ""'^
«» rights of the while ° "'■^'^"»«i to injure
°f the .rhit™ti^~"'° "««'«> the discussion,
*■■' "'■""■•ssion, which p«>tcstJl'- r^"*' °^
Keate's judgment and I^ 7- * "'' Go^nior
Volksraad Tl t i ^'^ '" '"'J^"™' with the
P^torius. C vl,^ ?"^"«» o' P«»Ment
P^torius «si^^ "r^ J"™'" '■» «"« Potest and
"" -^«"««- of P^ident P^o,, „^^,
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
tated a new election. A number of burghers asked
me to become a candidate. But .fused and with
my party wpported Robinson as our candidate for
the Presideno'. The Opposition candidate was
Thomas Francois Burgers. The latter had just
returned from a tour through the country and was
chosen State President by a large majority, although
we made every effort to secure Robinson's elelion.
The inauguration of the new President took place in
'.e old Government Buildings at Pretoria.
I was present. After the President had taken the
oath of office, I rose and addressed hun in the follow-
ing words:
" Your Honor, I have done my best to prevent
your election, principally, because of your religious
views, which appear to me to be mistaken. But as
you have now been elected by the majority, I subniit
as a good republican to this vote of the people, trust-
ing that you are a more earnest believer than I
thought, in which case I will congratulate you with
all my heart."
To this the President answered:
" Burgher, who voted against me for conscience'
sake, you are as dear to me as those who voted for
me."
Many burghers now came up to me to express
their delight at my outspokenness; many had
thought I would p my own counsel.
108
PHESIDENT BURGERS
«' the «>u„,^ .ndt e^.l° J^"' ""« «°ve™ment
;''..w„eheeo„r:„„„tx;rr^"*
Marques to Pretoria and h. ^ " Lorenzo
journey toEu^petolTl '^"""'^^ ""'''^""k •
Thi. loan waHSy pa^™^r°''*'''"*"P"^-
*e «o«. .„,„„, to'r ::i™ri"'' r "^ "--
nent men ,vhom he bro„„i,, k 7 "^ " ''"' P"^'
•hem wa. Dr. Joril" *? ^^ "■'* •■'••»■ One of
^^ •- -d .«a.nrB:ri7""^- The onty thin,
1^ viewa differ " **" fX'^rnnient waa, that
«<le«d nece«a.y for ttlT'" "'■"'' ""^ ""■
Publie, whe>^«.hiabu„, "'"'"' °^ «>« ««-
"P-ion. It „ J'; '^^- -- of a different
Ideas. Even if for C . *"«"«' advanced
•» the Kepubfcf tC !l "^ '"" °''*«-' Bay
-"otyetauffl^I^/Xro^f^eRepuhhe
''"' « paying con^^. " °^''"°P^ to make such a
His plana, whicu wen. ;„ . j
" were, „ advance of the times, and
1
L
M
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
his liberal views regarding religion soon won him a
host of adversaries. But what cost him nearly all
his influence and made him almost impossible to the
majority of the burghers was the unforUmate Secu-
cuni War of 1876.
This war was brought about in the following way.
The Government had leased a farm in the neighbor-
hood of Secucuni's town to a certain burgher, whose
cattle were seized by one of Secucuni's subordinates.
When the Government sent to make inquiries, Secu-
cuni returned an insolent answer, summoned his
troops and threatened the Lydenburg district. The
Reoublic was therefore obliged to bring back Se-
cucuni to a sense of his duty. President Burgers
wished personally to accompany the bw:>er com
mando. I was very much opposed to this, as I con-
sidered it my duty as Conunandant General to lead
the expedition. When Burgers insisted on axxjora-
panying the commando I refused to go. Burgers
asked the reason of my refusal, and I replied:
" I cannot lead the conmiando if you come; for
with your merry evenings in laager and your Sunday
dances the enemy wiU shoot me even behind a wall;
for God's blessing will not rest on our expedition."
Burgers answered that it was in my power as
Commandant General to forbid anything that I did
not approve of. But I said:
" Do you think that the burghers would listen to
110
-"^^'^.'t;;^""- -."Indent. W.
Then he iii«lr«wi ^
• fairly .t„n« f„^ .^ 1""' ""'" """"'^ "'*''
""8 to clo« quarter ^^L^"'' *"''"» «»»-
"driving the Kmn outo^^ "™""^° ™«««»ed
".e«upo„ B„,ge« flew Lto ^^I" """ "•" «»'««.
«daimed : ™ ">*" such an ecstasy that he
«»»b»ed efforts, the a^t T "' "^'"* °^
'"W. A «rtain number of b . ^"'""chmenta
"» position, hot Ure^t^' . """"^ "P*^
""foreements. Thell '^''"' ^'"' '"»>* of
«ent. joi„«, to oVrjt^" ''''*"• This
f«»««i the burghe^tr f . "^ *'""'^"'- «-""
!"^- And. although thi P r^'" '^''^'^ they
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
did not succeed and was at last obUged to let the com-
mando return home. He left three strong outposts
of volunteers behind, however, under a Boer com-
mandant and a German officer m order to hold Secu-
cuni m check. Later on, the latter sued for peace
and paid a war indemnity of 1,000 oxen.
Meanwhile the President and the burghers had
returned home without bringing the war to a conclu-
sion. The outposts cost money, and the President,
for this purpose, levied a special tax of £5 on every
burgher. This measure brought him into violent con-
flict with myself, for I considered the tax unlawful
as it was imposed without the consent of the Volks-
raad. A considerable number of the burghers re-
fused to pay.
During the session of the Volksraad, after the war,
in 1877, the President made a violent attack on the
burghers who refused to pay the extra tax, and this
in the presence of Sir Theophilus Shet)stone, the
British Special Commissioner who was akeady m
Pretoria waiting to see how he could put the Eng-
lish plans for the annexation of the RepubUc into
execution. I defended the burghers who resisted the
illegal impost. During the adjournment, I was chat-
ting with other members of the Volksraad on the ve-
randa, when President Burgers joined us, slapped
me on the shoulder and said:
" Mr. Kruger, you can't deny that the burghers
112
PRESIDENT BURGERS
who refuse to pav;.^ !,.„.
««ai,«t their a^ -n^^^ " " »*«'« "^ «beUion
I answered;
""t the, do refuse to'p J", '^^ H "^'l"'" '"^^^ =
-thout authority, ,o fhf . ^ttr ^" "''«''
even if the fact were a, v„ ? '^ *"'^"- «"*
you . question. wZm ZT''1 *™''' '*« *» -^
Section to ac^se T^ZT ''" """''" ^'■
faults-openly before heTl^"° """" "'"" her
"hat you have donHo tre B "^I ™'™^- T""* «
of her e„e„y, sniZ XZ V'' '''^'^
not love but hate the ^;ubb" "" ^""' *'"'* ^^ "o
~Sttr;h:srf^r''-"-rse„.
*e^n,,ish to CaC :d*j:rr^''' "^
A large majority of the burgherwhl rr"™'
plains were, as has «lr..j u ""ved m the
■rith the PresidenT-s L "^ ^" ^'^'«'' *^*«««1
»f foreigne.^ a„?!f wl^rr"* -^"^ »'->v
«"» burghera w J T *^ ""™her were not
'^ve au'^;rS^e;~ '^'* ^"«-' ""'e.
IIS
#
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
strong the opposition was they gradually came to the
conclusion that annexation by the British Crown
would not be at all a bad thing for them. It was
from these men that Shepstone received petitions in
favor of annexation. These petitions were signjd
abnost entirely by the village populations.
Shepstone, the Governor of Natal, was authorized
by the British Government to discover the best means
for annexing the country. He left Natal for Pre-
toria with an escort of twenty-five men, for the pur-
pose, as he pretended, of discussing the Kaffir diffi-
culties and other questions. He added openly, which
was the case, that the Republic had not defeated Se-
cucuni, and that this fact would be a dangerous in-
citement to rebellion on British territory. I clearly
foresaw Shepstone's intentions, and asked President
Burgers not to permit him to enter the town with his
armed body-guard, except under the escort of an
armed burgher force. President Burgers paid no
attention to my request.
The President's term of office had at this time ex-
pired, and a new election had become necessary. I
was asked by a great number of burghers to present
myself as a candidate, and, although I at first re-
fused, I at last consented in order to put a stop to
the dissatisfaction which the burghers had shown at
my refusal to stand. But I made this condition with
the election committee, that, if Burgers obtained a
114
if
11
M
IS
VI
PKESIDEXT BURGERS
-era, pertie. („„, Toffll "^^el T" "' *=
"rfed, it became evident tharr . ^ "* "'"'" «"
-«Jori.y. I went to P^»S^ ' '"" " '"^
liim : ^resident Burgers and said to
to take st.>ng n,eaL.s ^i^Z " ^"^ "^
t" defend our independenr If ti, '"'^°'' ""'
«on. you „„st „afce it pla^' ,f * V' ^"^ "t^"-
«lly assure the br ■; !, L " ^ ""P'"'*'-
«- oountzy will be ' in * ^' "''f P-"dence of
-y arguments wiu/of c„!3 ^f ^^^^
offered to do." ''"" ^° "''«'* I have
Before tlie election toot r'.™ u
»'X"^rtet^^'^~^"-»»«>e.st
J' io//, diiepstone arrived af P^^^- •
^o™rt,^rfr-».-^:^'Tnr
-«ato^ltror:tTbr-^--
i-tra^r;--"-*o^r^bf
■7 qtuetly. People „h„ ^^re present and,
lis
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
therefore, in a position to know, say that there Were
not ten burghers at his reception. The first confer-
ence between the President and his Executive Raad
and Shepstone took place on the 26th of January
1877, when Shepstone at once made a great point
of the " inherent " weakness of the Republic and of
the fact that it had been unable to subjugate Secu-
cuni. The weakness displayed towards the Kaffir
chiefs on the part of the white men gave him grave
cause to fear, he said, that difficulties with the Kaffirs
might also arise in Her Majesty's territories. The
Executive Raad appointed a commission to discuss
matters more fully, and chose State Attorney Joris-
sen and myself as members. I absolutely refused,
however, to discuss any questions at this conference
which affected the independence of the Republic; and
nothing, therefore, came of it. Shepstone had sev-
eral interviews besides with President Burgers, who
finally decided to call an extraordinary meeting of
the Volksraad, which took place in February.
The first subject discussed was Secucuni's petition
for peace. As abeady mentioned, President Bur-
gers had left several strong volunteer corps behind
when the burgher commandos retired, and these had
harassed Secucuni so closely that he was now suing
for peace. But this did not ruit Shepstone's plans;
for, if peace were concluded, the principal argument
in favor of the annexation of the RepubKc to the
116
PRESIDENT BURGERS
British Crown fell thpouirh Ti,.,
end to his talk about th. . """"^ *'" •» «"
public to master tteKr'"^ ■""""^*>- "' «"« «-
"inherent " welk^l^T' "'■' " '' '"'^ 't- »»
«.e spot. C ..ItTil^'f''^ ""*'^" ""
consisted of EnglishnT"? ""^^.on, which
desi^d answer. n^r^lT" ""f * "^^ *«
of making peace rhf'^ ^""' '""^ "o ^ea
^. a. JiS, L :^*"*^^ -' '"e English
»n'i:rr rr:,t'7r. '^^ *"» - -
Africa. An ovemhell """"""^ " South
-i»n,emordXT-:r^'^^^''-«>.e.
Y--ororrM:sre:"---
JJurgers now resorted fn « „*
tinted out that sev^,%f:::S-r"- «'
°PP<»ition in the Raad had re^^^ 1' r tf "{ ^^
"id tax of £s per head a„7 ^^ ^ '^'"*-
"J "quested these ^fc^^t '^T* *'™"'''°-
•^ M miqualifierf Zu ""■*""■ ^«»n «>«
»'• JoCtil ^^™«^, *"; S'-'^ Attorney.
-rf"*! to accede to h,^ P>-es.de„t's side, the Haad
urgers. It seems that this incident
ii7
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
confirmed him finaUy in his opinion that the existing
constitution of the South African Republic did not
give him sufficient power, and that it was therefore
incumbent upon him to draw up another which would
fetter him less. At any rate, he did draw up a new
constitution and submitted it to the Raad. It pro-
vided for the institution of responsible ministers, a
supreme court, and extension of the powers of the
State President. At the same time, an alteration was
made m the arms of the Repubhc by the addition of a
gnu. Although this measure met with the strongest
opposition in the Volksraad, the proposed constitu-
tion was at last accepted, and before the Raad broke
up I was elected Vice-President. The people, how-
ever, as the highest authority, rejected the new con-
stitution.
The Volksraad did not break up in a verj' happy
mood. Most of the members feared that the thread
by which the sword of Damocles was suspended om
the head of the Republic would break and end its
independence. Although many hoped that the va-
rious new measures which the Volksraad had passed
in its extraordinary session might avert the danger,
it soon became evident that the pessunists were right.
Shepstone seemed to be only waiting for the arrival
of the High Commissioner, Sir Bartle Frere, before
proceeding to the annexation of the South African
Republic. Frere arrived in Cape Town at the be-
ns
PRESIDENT BURGERS
^nning of April 1877; and as early as Ann! fK ..u
Shepstone had an interview with Zv ^^ ^*^'
in which he openly deelared2t h \ Tu" '^*'^'
ized and was prenL!^? '^"^ ^"" «"*h°'-
oftheBsr^irra^^^
would never ,ive .7™\r™ ^j;^
was bound by my oath to unhoW f^ , ^' ^ ^
of the Republic T rn ! . ^^ independence
^»^«^P"Diic. 1 must submit if +h« ir n
»yin« that it would nrll St T":™"^'
proposed instead, ti,at we should ,v \ *^"
Potest against the annell^f ^71 ^o "" "
""ssion to take the protest to Eneland Th-
done; but Burners Im^ n., -^"^^^^d- This was
-"Ulcers naa never exoeetpH if f « « ^
nor was he a member of ^h "'''^^^^'
' oy Which England soIemiUv under-
119
i.
J
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
took to acknowledge the unrestricted independence
of the South African Republic, and never to en-
croach upon the districts north of the Vaal. But as
soon as it suited her convenience, perfidious Albion
broke her solemn peaceful promise, as she always
has done, and as she will always continue to do when
it serves her purpose. What misery has come upon
South Africa through this breach of treatyl The
late war. which has reduced the whole country to
ruins,— quite apart from costing hundreds of men
and thousands of innocent women and children their
lives,— this war, in which England has behaved in
so uncivilized and base a fashion as to draw down
upon herself the contempt of all civilized nations, had
its origin partly in Shepstone's annexation. I say
partly, for the war had two causes. The first and
principal cause was the wealth of the gold-fields of
the Republic; the second, "revenge for Majuba
Hill." But if it had not been for Shepstone's an-
nexation there would have been no Majuba Hill, and
no "revenge for Majuba HiU" would have been
called for.
The exasperating influence which the annexation
was likely to have upon the relations between the two
nations was foreseen by the Executive Raad of the
South African Republic, which for that reason pub-
lished the following protest against the annexation:
120
PRESIDENT BURGKRS
HivT^^vi^r:^^^,;;^^^^ «;-»-, b, the Sand
dence of the people to the nortl o^ h^f 'l'^*'^ *^« ^-depen
the Goven.„e„t of ihe SoTaLT Y ^''"' ^^ ^^^'^
of ever having given any rea.n„ . T ^'^''^^^' " "ot aware
of Her Majeat/. Gov"irent „ '°'"''' -'^"°" »° the pi"
«ct of violence; ™'""°'" "« ""^ f round, for ,ueh an
Wherea. this Governmenf u
» -till prepared to do aTwhfh' i^ '^'"^ "' '^''«^-" «d
•Jemnded, and al.o to relove aj] eau, ". T^ *'^'"*^ -«^ «-
««y «i«t; "^^ '^'""'^» of diwatisfaction that
Whereaa, also th^ n
«; enure ^lli.g;rto^;-^^^^ exp,e..d
with Her Majesty's Govemn,en II 2' *"^"*^- °' "^'ee^enU
'0' the general protection orth"^,'^ ~'"''^^'«^ ""-—J
And whereas, according to public .w ""'^ ««'«n,ents;
«t7- Secretary of Sute^ f or tte Co*" n^" "' "" ^'-J"
«>e« exist, no desire on the Jart of th T'^ ^''^ ^-™«'-oi
fo"* the people of the South A f ^'""'^ Government to
'^h under the authority of I'^Brn n'"'"'^ "*-«* ^'•e^
And whereas, the p JpJ '^" f "*"^ Government;
^M arge majority, l^^; '^^^^^^^ "'Wise, have.
And whereas, this Governmenr; ^ ""^ *^«"e *o it;
«».*tion to maintain the ri^TaL • 7"' "*** " » °«t in a
^tke sword against the "utri^ "'''^r;"" °' *^« P^P^e
moreover has no desire in *«; ^ TLV ""'"* ^'^'*»' "d
*« white inhabitants of South aX ^""^ "^^P* ^^ which
.f«* of the common enemy al^Ir T"^' ^ ^'^'^'^ « the
« hostile contact with eTch orr ^^^ ""^^'^ - -i^^t come
" « also further «c i j Commissioner.
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
mi,.ion of Delegate, to Europe and America, with fuU pjN-er
Td instruction to add to their numV^r a third pcr^n, if re
quted, in order to endeavor in the fir.t place to lay before He,
£ y-. Government the desire, and wi.hc. of th« P«f ^""^
in ca.e thi. might not have the de.ircd effect, which thi. Go -
Im nt would'deeply regret and cannot a. yet bcl eve ^hen t„
appeal to the friendly a..i.tance and interce..iono other Pow-
Tparticularly of tho.e who have acknowledged the indepen-
dence of thi. State. „
A. member, of thi. Commission are appointed the Hon.
the Attorney General, Dr. E. J. P. Joris«n, and S. J. P.
Kruger, Vice-president of the South African Bepubhc.
Dr. Jorissen was appointed by my wish, as he was
a lawy. ' and I was anxl lus to have some one with
me who i^ulA speak foreign languages.
After appointing this deputation, the Executive
Raad ceased to exist. President Bur^rs returned
to his home in Cape Colony, and *- R-P"^^'-^;:!
left without a president, i had to art m his pla^.
for, as Vice-President, it would have been my dutj,
even in other circumstances, to conduct the business
of the state in the absence of the President from the
country.
122
CHAPTEH Vn
THE INTERllEGNUM UNDER THE
BRITISH FLAG
SHU
CHAPTER VII
THE mTKHHKOK.M ...,, ,„, ,,„,^^ ^^
Popuiar voting i„ i^X^ZlT^'"'''^'^' ">^««-»' -^
don-The Kaffir chief ^ """""'-The aecond vi.it to Lo„.
into praotice--The ;;',,fX"^";; ''"^^ "^ ^ngli-h doetWne
of the people and pfote-U ^rL^ ^^^^^ — blie.
pacifies the ma,.es-The mTr """"^^on-Kruger
F«re and Sir Garnet Woladet ^"""T"'""'"' ^" ««'*'«
Kniger suspected of tre«cherv-Th. ^ Transvaal brother,-
•neetings arrested for high ti^ason-K^ ***'^ °' '^' ''"'«''"
the storm-Plans for confcT!T **' """'^ ""'« "'Ws
Sir Bartle Frere trie, toT!" "^^"'^ ^y Krugeri
«'f- We took Mr. W T B J^'-.^"™*" ""d my
"rf left, in M.y I8„ t ^^ '"''"»- »«'^ry
•» «* sail for En^S Sh ^ '^i™'""'' *"«
Colom.1 Secretary, aUtint^. 7^"°"- *' *»"
'— «.xtSf^t!xTrir
185
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
a loyal subject of the new Goverament, even as I
had been of the old. He also knew that Dr. Joris-
sen had declared that the annexation was inevitable
and that its repeal would be a public misfortune.
As far as I am concerned, I declare this statement
to be absolutely untrue. I never told Shepstone
this nor anything of the kind; moreover, my further
actions of themselves give the lie to any such asser-
tion.
On arriving in England, we found that the
rumor had been spread, by means of newspapers
and letters, including a letter of Dr. Jooste, of
Potchefstroom, first published in the Zuid Afn-
haan, that only a handful of irreconcilables, with
myself at their head, had declared against the an-
nexation. I denied this report with the greatest
emphasis and said that it was easy to arrive at the
truth by taking a pUhisdte of the whole Republic,
which would show for certain whether the majority
were for or against the annexation. I personally
wrote a letter in which I denied the imputation
touching the "handful of irreconcilables" and
suggested a pUhisdte of the whole population.
Dr. Jorissen had scruples against signing this let-
ter, and I sent it alone, on my own responsibility.
The British Goverranent rejected the proposal with
the foolish statement that a vote of this kind would
involve too much trouble and expense. This shows
126
THE INTERREG^aTM
««.rt, to ^warily »d S f 7 "^'^•
»me time reDe,t/i, . *'^*»'™^. •>"* at the
»d sometimT;!:^^? r "- ''^"''^'
in their truth. ^"■' **«"» '» ^^y^
to intervent.-™,. hut^'of^J: Z^ "T '''"'™
»Pite of the friend). , T' °"* '^^'' ^
About the end of SLT'' T '^"^''^ " <«•
» the R„^:'4 ^^1^ -ehed n.y home
*wi„g year. ^LtTv'^ '"''""''■^ "^ *'
«»d burghez. were wai«r2' '"'"' *'"'■
proceeding, at Ihi, ?* "'' "P""*. The
' "Ks at this meeting were nnf . i-.xi
stonnv when it i«„ . "t a httle
'»-ive!::tx*'.l7j'":/;'"^ '""^
™»ent. OneofthTri^"*''^*';''^'"'-
""'ed a resolution which » . ^°"'"''
the buTffhers mio-iif «. *"" ue taKen, so that
^ ''^'' ^"^ ^^^'^tual petition. Ex-Presi-
127
A>-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
dent Pretorius was elected chairman of the com-
mittee.
Shepstone was greatly dissatisfied with this reso-
lution, declared that he could not allow the pUbis-
cite to be held and demanded that I should give up
this plan. I thereupon rode to Pretoria, accom-
panied by Messrs. Pretorius and Viljoen, and, in
an interview with Shepstone, told him that I could
not interfere with the pUhiscite, as I had said, dur-
ing my stay m England, that this measure would
prove that the majority were against the annexation,
and I did not wish to be branded as a Uar. I added:
" If you admit that I was right and that the re-
port which you sent to England on the feeling of
the people was untrue, then the vote will be quite
unnecessary."
Shepstone then gave his consent to the holding
of the meetings, provided that the burghers came
unarmed; and the members of the committee were
requested to take strict care that none but burghers
who were really entitled to vote should vote at the
meetings.
Our committee met at Doompoort m April 1878,
when it appeared that 125 petitions, with 6,591 sig-
natures, had been handed in against the annexation,
and 31 petitions, with 587 signatures, in its favor.
This clearly showed the feeling of the people, the
more so when one remembers that the total male
1S8
THE INTERREGNUM
white population of the RenuhMn
many more opponents of ti, '"'™ •*"»
En^Und. with iJ^^St IT tr"*'™ *"
the objection of tl.e mXit^^t '" *^ P""^' °^
.'::^:irto^ir-, -"-":;
p^t^^trnUrr^f*^
tion took with it « ^f *• 7 ^' ^"^ deputa-
we« convincTLTttf bSX*^ «'''"''«<'
"ff o^ed « to the real f^ ^f^Z^' ™
l«hon, that they could not i^i- . ' '"P"-
»ould wish to L *™ *»* E°8'«'«i
«« people knewZT^ "rfom.t,o„. How Kttle
^people laiew England at that time! To^,y „„
129
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
one would presume to reckon on England's ac-
ceptance of any such argument as that set forth
ahove.
On our way to England, we asked for an mter-
view with the High Commissioner and Governor
of Cape Colony, Sir Bartle Frere, at Cape Town.
He was very amiable, but absolutely refused m any
way to support us in our endeavors, declaring that
he saw no reason to do so, as the Boers would be very
happy under the British flag.
In July 1878. the deputation landed in England
and found that, in the meanwhile. Lord Carnarvon
had been succeeded as Colonial Secretary by Sir
Michael Hicks-Beach. The change was anything
but favorable to the people of the RepubUc. More-
over, on our arrival in London, we received a letter
from Sir Theophilus Shepstone in reply to the peti-
tion which we had handed to him personally on our
departure. In this letter, Shepstone made a violent
attack on Joubert and myself and threw it in our
teeth that, if there was any dissatisfaction m the
country, we were the cause of it. In o.n- first inter-
view with Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, he declared that
he would only treat by correspondence, and so a
long and strongly-worded memorial was drawn up,
setting forth the right of the Republic to an inde-
pendent existence and the iniquity of the grounds
on which it had been sought to justify the annexa-
ISO
i*M^W
tion. A
THE INTERREGNUM
protest was also made airainst fh«
the hope that the sen*. J- T' ^' "* ^''PresMd
independeL j^' J^ *^ «'«»"««'„ of an
P«*d. ™s a comnk,^- ^ ^' " '«« to be ex-
Colonial CZf :l*"''^'"'"»* '^ "»• The
sort of self "^:^'^ P™""^ «° "troduee a
'^e«.«nt^^I'^':j^-;*;-Oition of
Of that policy of ..J "° . ^"^ *** *e pursuance
""•e^y that we could no^ft": ^f. ^P'-"
as that which Fn„i J " P°'«=y «"<*
-rin^ about LX":;« •'Tf ''<^- »'' to
".emorandum, we LJ^^^' A ' '" " '""«''
title to its i^ZlZXrV."^ '**P'"'"'='^
The delegates h^to ru^t S 1^ Tf '""'^•
out ««,„pu^i„^ ^y ^ J" South Afnca w.th-
On the occasion of this second visit to Fn„i j r
»«s presented by an 1fn„r i. V ^^nghnd, I
^a^oldWu/e^SllthrwrL^^Tr
represent the result of the plmdte
181
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
on the acceptance or rejection of the annexation. I
still wear this ring as my only ornament.
On our return journey, in the autumn of 1878.
we again visited the Continent. In Paris the great
International Exhibition was in progress. On this
occasion, I saw my first balloon and took part m an
ascent. High up in mid-air. I jestingly asked he
aeronaut, as we had gone so far. to take me all the
way home. The aeronaut now asked who his pas-
senger was and. when we returned to the earth, pre-
sented me with a medal to remind me of my journey
through the air. Our deputation landed at Durban
in December 1878.
In the meantime.the situation in South Afnca had
assmned a very serious aspect. Secucmu. who had
formerly been persuaded by the EngUsh. when it
served their turn, to declare that he would not make
peace, had not troubled his head about the change of
govermnent and kept to the lesson under the new
Sovermnent which he had learnt under the old.
Whereas formerly he had always been supported in
his refusal to recognize the sovereignty of the South
African RepubHc over his territory, he was now re-
quired to keep the peace, as his territory belonged
to the Transvaal. At la.t. an expedition consisting
of volmiteers and blacks, under Colonel Rowlands,
was dispatched against him. but without effedmg
much. And the worst of all was that the Zulu king,
18£
THE INTEBREGNUM
GoS:„rEtctrr'*"»«'^'^
~.te]y .fte. the ^.tio^ ^^^^;^\'^''
■O It M constituting .n ..„_ ^ """ *''™'
dominion, of the f J^kT »'*'°""''* P*'* "^ ^e
with infom,.tio„ „ to Zb^t' ^'"^"'d-
sincere compli»ce with tW 1 8»ve , ready ,»d
British conl^,::*^"^^-^ I «in«d the
• c«n.p, by collecting the I '^'™«-P'»« i"*"
B«« h«l been ns^^to do :f^'",*°«^'' " ^
provided with good It, r "''^ *° *« ^'"
«K>«.u«hly inf^J"^' '^ -»•"». «> " to teep
Sir B,rte FrerT,^ J *', '"^^^ » movements.
•ke Comm»deH„!^frs 1, "^"^^ ""^ "^
"d declared that I rt; ^"*' "*"''« pressed me
a^ service, I ^a- * "^' "^ ""^ «'"«' '»
«>S;s;din:::::j,rr*"''"«^-
"« «ward I want." '"'" '^" «'™ •»=
E«gli*h^ ril, "'" ** "<>"' f" which the
«lSr "^ "*^ "^ "^y »"'"» » the field, and
ISS
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
" Do you mean to say that your people are so
much better than our soldiers? "
" Not that," I replied, " but our method of fight-
ing is better than yours, and we know the country."
Sir Bartle now asked what reward I required. I
said, " The independence of my country and peo-
ple," whereupon the High Commissioner refused to
discuss the subject further. Later, Shepstone also
asked me, by letter, to come to the assistance of the
English with a Boer commando. I replied that the
annexation and the breach which this had caused
between the people of the South African Republic
and the British Government made a friendly co-
operation of the two races impossible. I could not
but refuse my assistance to those who paid no atten-
tion to the urgent entreaty of the people that their
independence should be restored to them.
With their usual arrogance, the English despised
the Zulu impis, and the result was the bloody defeat
of Isandlhana (22 January, 1879), in which about
1,200 English soldiers were cut to pieces. This
taught them wisdom; they went to work more cau-
tiously and, in the Battle of Ulundi (July, 1879),
Lord Chehnsf ord succeeded in completely defeating
the Zulus. Later, Cetewayo was taken prisoner and
the war brought to an end. It was generally stated
in Africa, at the time, that the EngUsh had bribed
Cetewayo's general to surrender his king to them.
184
THE INTERREGNUM
According to this account, the «nepal fK
In the meanwhile, in Mareh igro si- Ti, ,...
Sheprtone h«l been replaced blst O ^^'^'^
• soldier. Sir Owen „f ~, 7 ^' P*** As
""acquainted ^tt ^r "'""™'' ^ '™» *°WIy
■■Won. This meetC "rhdd T '*" °' ""
-^s'tt ""«*'•'-■-'»-■ -hieh always
^«he„ an open iZll^^^^^^ T7 '"^
^ch he «!«,-H „^ . rayseit and Joubert in
•exation wastt:!. t" Att """'^ ""* *^
rrevocawe. At the meeting, after
185
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
firtt thanking the burghers for their numerous at-
tendance and for the welcome which they had given
the deputation, I exhorted them to remain unani-
mous and to allow no discord or difFertnces of any
kind to come between them, as only unanimity, obe-
dience and combined eflforts would enable them to
regain their freedom. The meeting passed a resolu-
tion thanking us for the trouble and sacrifices which
we had made, and declaring that the people would
not rest content with the decision of the British
Government.
Some of the burghers thought that the time had
now come to seek to obtain from the British Govern-
ment by force what they were not inclined to give of
their own free will; but I explained to them that
the time had not yet come, and was suppor' 1 in my
endeavors to maintain peace by Joubert h i Preto-
rius. A burgher stepped forward and Swid:
" Mr. Kruger, we have been talking long enough;
you must now let us shoot the English."
I asked him, in reply:
" If I say, ' sdh,' ^ will you bite? And if I say,
' bite,' wi ; you hold tight? "
The man made no reply.
At the same meeting, it -vas resolved to send Piet
Joubert to Natal, where Sir Bartle Frere then was,
in ordei to communicate to him the determination of
1 " So* / " is the qaculatlon employed in South Africa in setting
on a dog to hite.—Tratu'ator'g Nott.
186
THE INTERREGNUM
»« people not to TObmit to EngW Th!. • •
however, had not the mallert i u °™""''
order to convince hin»elf TjlL ^Tr""' "
.ff«™. With this intent .„ °^ *' ****« <"
.t Kleinfontein^^Cr-rBrHrKr" '*"«'
^»ted to attend '^'^ ^m w-
««'^*:::rSetu;^"r•"''»^'-"
bert gave .„ ««,unt of ^^ *'""'»"'»'»• Jou-
»d ended with the H*" """"■" •"" »» ^•'•'<-
" ^"^ question which the neonl. i.
to i«»if i.. Shall it ^U^o^t*^ ■»- «» P»'
"--nittee which wol not ^^0^1?' ^ **
" »on „ it thought that all p^l^f jt ^^
•«- exhausted. This adZn v ''™"' '"«'
"d spoke openlv „f .1. * "7'^'* ««»% excited
ex«M. j»iore voices were raivt^ »# «.i. .
Pt-posing that the Imr^b^ Tt I . * °"**^«
W»K, Cetewavo »rtK T "''' '''P «« Z"Iu
^^andLrtri^^L^et^.-" -
'^-nen.nstneverJoin^with^.:ri:tr::-'^-
ilfcaaBtBMtgg-v^-
THE iMEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
a civilized nation. And thuf this plan was stifled
at its birth. ,
Meantime. Sir Bartle Frerc, who had promised
to attend this meeting, had not arVed. He had left
NaUl for Kleinfontein. but was traveling ver>'
slowly. Possibly he ? >|'e<l that the delay would dis-
courage the Boers, or that we would return to our
homes without its being necessary for him to appear.
From Heidelberg he sent word to inform the meet-
ing that he would have no time to stop at the camp
as he had to go to Pretoria. He received an answer,
however, saying that we had long been waitmg for
him and relied upon seeing him. He then deter-
mined to come. As he approached the camp, the
leaders of the committee rode out to meet hmi and
escorted him into the camp. The burghers stood
closely gathered and preserved a deathly silence.
No one saluted him. although at first he bowed to
the burghers to right and left. In the course of a
debate that ensued, it was decided to meet agam a
few days later, and then to discuss the several
points at issue. Sir Bartle then went on to Pretona.
Frere attended the new meeting, escorted by the
Governor. Sir Owen Lanyon, a munber of officials
and an armed body-guard. He reproached the com-
mittee with being the cause of the dissatisfactio.|.
The committee took little notice of this remark and
its only reply was that the people were not content
ISS
THE INTERREGNUM
«o ««ept the «,wx.tio„. Final,,, th, n- , ^
one «,d that it p«cJmT ' ""' " '»""'<'»'
O™ that it .^%,^ TT'l"' "««e»ted tf
""people in . petS tolh Tnt * O^""""" "^
"Kl Mked iiim to forw.»l T Govenunent.
"y . report „„ w j™dt:nit: •?""«"'■«'
el"«d th.t he „„ prena^t ""'• «" '''•
«on to the e^est '^^17^^:":^'
emment, although pe«on.lI„ i, "*'* ^' "
-ep..! of the JnexX «?!,:■'" """^ '^ "»
inghrolceup i, ! ' ^'"""'""■«e''. 'he meet-
«-*«■> B.rti/:--rtot';rvr--
Dient that he reim-ff*.^ i, ^^ "*"^ Govern-
After Sir Bj^^L«":,r:r"" ^"«"^'"
'*«" to the Orange f1 Z' ""T"™"'*' «"■»
«J.ng then, to ^up^rt^^ „Tuesttr'«,r '°'r
tlie annexation. Tl,, Volt. 7, ** 'eP*«' of
Sfte. by a Iar«e laT •t^"""'' "^ *■= "^""^ F«e
"hich thihoprtLr;:^:/^; '^'°'"«- -
"» burghers to recov» ^r ^ *° '""*'*™« °f
<»•• waited on Sir Bartle F^^ ^^^ " "'?"*«•
J"*. Of course it ~~.. J ^ '"™ the same ob-
course, ,t reee,, -.d, together with manv fine
139 "
ii>
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
speeches, the stereotyped reply of the EngUsh states-
men, that the thing was past and done with. In the
meanwhile, Sir Garnet Wolseley had been sent to
South Africa with special powers. He was ap-
pointed High Commissioner beside Sir Bartle Frere
with special instructions to settle Zulu and Trans-
vaal matters. This is the man who uttered the
famous phrase:
" So long as the sun shines, the Transvaal will be
British territory; and the Vaal River shall flow back
to its sources before the Transvaal is agam mde-
pendent 1" .
At about that time, Sir Garnet was engaged in
suppressing Secucuni, an enterprise in which he at
last succeeded with the aid of his greatly superior
force.
After the Kleinfontein meeting, the Committee
announced that a new meeting would be held at
Wonderfontein. This caused Sir Garnet Wolseley
to issue a proclamation in which he pointed to the
danger to which those who attended the meeting
would expose themselves, their families and prop-
erty. He also threatened to punish all such persons
for high treason. This proclamation, however, was
quite ineflfective, for five to six thousand per«)ns
attended the meeting, which was held at Wonder-
fontem on the 10th of December. The burghers
were enthusiastic in the highest degree. They
140
THE INTEBBEGNUM
.1. ji
tl^wght that the time h.j
begin the w„; but wWIe " "^^^^ ~"« «o
«»t prevailed- At ^^^ «»^„^ -"^ty
duty to addrea one more „orf „T' *"" " °"'
I pointed out to them that E^IT'"* "' *'"•
oahon, and e.pre«ed the U^Zt Z " ^'''''"'
once the war had hr„t ™™y °^ ^em.
'»-«edandt2;ie;7"'-»edi.
-ot ««fe to decide on war a^ h "^^ ^* "■"
dtement ** ""^ """"ent of ex-
"olding at the~:^: 1"* "^ •"'«"- '-
"in how my warning h^l ^ '"^ »"»»"» «o ascer-
_Ith;nfcKru«eri«bet«yi„^^,. '^•
1^.^; CSr'L ' '^ -- "^Jieve that of
«*in. too h:M'ratt r^jr ""■ "^ ■•» ^«"
a thing." ^*''"^*^ ^ ««c"sed of such
But," replied the fiiNf « .v i. j
^y >«. why won't he lef r*"' "*'"'^ *°
li»liinen?» '" "' *«" the Eng-
Verr wen «?•« !? ' "straying us."
my tent «.d thanked G«l that my people
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
were so firmly determined to recover their indepen-
dence. , .
At the same meeting, a popular resolution was
passed which declared that the people demanded to
remain free and independent; that the hurghers had
never heen subjects of Her Majesty and never
wished to become so; that they asked for the resti-
tution of their independence and the restoration of
the Volksraad; and that the last-named body must
take the necessary measures to ensure that mdepen-
dence. Pretorius and Bok were sent as delegates to
acquaint Sir Garnet Wolseley with this resolution.
However, these two gentlemen were arrested on a
charge of high treason, Pretorius at Potchef stroom
and Bok at Pretoria.
It goes without saymg that this incident aroused
^at dissatisf ax^tion. A large number of burghers
at once determined to set Pretorius free by force.
But the latter wrote a letter in which he begged hem
to abandon that intention. In consequence of these
events, I went to Potchefstroom. On my way, 1
learnt that, in spite of Pretorius' request, a number
of armeu burghers were on their road m front of m ,
with the intention of setting Pretorius free. I gal-
loped after them as fast as my horse could carry me
and caught them up close to the village. Atte
many argmnents I at last succeeded m persuadmg
them to give up their plan.
142
«
THE INTERREGNUM
\£X **- ^ •
through the count™ Lt^ ""*"*«' *" '"vd
«.e Britfah GoverL". ^ °"* ' P«>ch„„.«o„ of
burgher of «.e ^^^ ^"^ «" "-inee the
««>« they soppm him Witt 17'"'!: ^' *- »«me
-- ».iil «..he,^'r. t^^ ^"^^ to ,u™ h«^
f~» potehef.t^„, »S: th :r°'^ ■"" ^«
tonus came up and re«) „ » .^ "' "hen Pre-
l«»«fuUy, it said, f„,. *' 7^*" niust submit
"ten f«m them »d L ' '^ ""' '««'
the bridge hy .ZZZ^ I'-'- -« only
r- ^'■^^"ton-L^^^^'^-fve™.
Durgheis. "'"sued, I turned to the
" Burghers," I askeH « ^
the British Gove„ J° ^°" ™*"tand what
'^'^ to yon w~ st^r ' "" '^ "o
"PWon.meam. Thev T T *^ ™°""t, in my
'^'J quietly in the ZeZ ^ !? ' *'^' P"' y"
*« yon may kick v^',? . ^ "" "^^ ^n "P-"
"-'■ '^»tis'ir.^^:^:--^-yon
The burghers ent,»i *Jf -government."
»» the neri^^^^^^'' -'* <his ™w. and.
'^"'-'eythattrm^^rupTr ''' '^'™«*
■-"'ionmey. since tn^^---^;t^u-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
termined to recover their independence, and it was
of no use to try to persuade them to a different way
of thinking.
Shortly after these occurrences, a scheme tor the
confederation of South Africa was down for dis-
cussion in the Cape Parliament. The Transyaalers
considered it of the highest importance, m the m-
terest of the freedom of their country, to hring about
the failure of th-s project for a united South Africa
under the British flag, since, in the event of its ac-
ceptance, there would be no chance left for the repeal
of the annexation. Joubert and I were, therefore,
sent to Cape Town to urge our friends m the Cape
PaxUament to oppose this proposition. On our way
to Cape Town, we were received everywhere with
the greatest heartiness. At Cape Town itself we
had an interview with a nmnber of members of Par-
liament, at which I insisted, in the strongest terms
on the need for rejecting the plan and declared that
the Republic would never accept a federation ar-
rived at in this mamier, above all as the burghers
themselves had no voice in the matter and would not
allow foreigners to determine their future for them.
" Do not wash your hands in the blood of your
brothersi " were tlie words with which I parted from
the members.
Fortunately the plans for a confederation were
''^^ring our stay at Cape Town, a member of the
144
THE INTERREGNUM
■".t. when the i^JbW: ^"^ ^' «^'-'=
•dded that Sir B.rt.7 .T."'P««««l and it was
vtety. I Jr ^""' "-h"* to .peat to us prf.
^-rtr'ito'ItT'f^^'B-.e
«■«»• ThetoteametoraT;^? J^""'"""^
««*d u» that he 3 „^ Klemfontein «jd aa-
English Blfe BoTLt '^" °''' !««'»"
'beBrit.-,hG;:;:::r'i^:t"hrh.T"^'"'f
*e «pea, Tf ^r^e^C^T <» - Pe««on for
"-et only a handfl, of tbe^r'T """* '^ '"«'
■ot possiWy he one ^^TsJZ^'^ ^'^ T'
r™ an teU me whieh of the foTrT^; . "'^""•
'^--.wewiBthintat^T"^"'""-^"
1" "-a- to «id that Sir Bartle Fare's enu,-
Ill
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER,
sary was unable to answer the question and returned
with his mission unfulfilled.
During the stay of our deputation at Cape Town,
the Tory Ministry fell, and Gladstone, who had
often spoken against the annexation, became Pre-
mier of the new Cabinet. Joubert and I now
formed new hopes, and, in May 1880, wrote to Glad-
stone from Cape Town, laying the situation before
him and earnestly requesting him to do justice to the
country, to repeal the annexation and to restore the
Sand River Convention of 1852. We were bitterly
disappointed on receiving an answer from the Lib-
eral statesman informing us that he was unable to
annul the annexation or to advise Her Majesty to
abandon her suzerainty over the Transvaal. We re-
turned to the Transvaal and reported to the com-
mittee on our mission. The general conviction was
now arrived at that further meetings and fnendly
protests were useless. The best course appeared to
be to set quietly to work and to prepare for the wo«t
by the purchase of arms and ammumtion. The
greatest prudence and the strictest secrecy had to
be observed in order to avoid suspicion: this was the
only possible way of preparing for the decisive
struggle.
146
CHAPTER VIII
THE WAK OF INDEPENDENCE
1880-1881
1
p«
dk
had
aga
thei
Pot
was
wen
men
their
toffl
or
CHAPTER VIII
THE WAB OP independence: 1880-1881
*«riM, to cany on the GovJL . S!^* "^""'^ "^ P'e-
::r »• -««»«.tia„. Jth tLfKail^'cBi^JS: r*.*""
England wa« trying to «in «. .„ !n^ ^ Magato, whom
»egotlation.-.;j^ ^" « jUy-AnniaUce and peace
" South African^bht'? ^'^"^•'-d-" Tran^.., ..
^ess had been levied. The Bi^^^ r "* *
h»d bemin tn rv>n-«* * ™ Government
"egun to collect taxes and to takp tiw>«<^j-
against those who refused TT. 1 P"***^««
these wa. P.Vf t» T ^^^ *^'"- Among
^ was Piet Bezmdenhout, who lived in *h.
Potehefstroom district. This vefn..} 7 .
^'^ one of the methods of n! ^^ **^"'
were nn» ^ ^^uiods of passive resistance which
thettax!^ ;^' .°^*°^ "' «»^ »»"^8»^e« had paid
• ^"* ^^" «"» ^« explained by the En/
149
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KBUGER
lid, poUtidan. « though the population were con-
tentrf and pe«»fuUy paying their taxes. «>n,e
„ked for a receipt diowing that they were only pay-
ing under protert and other, refund to pay at all.
The Government then levied a dirtreM on Bezu,-
denhouf 8 wagon and «nt it to publie auction .
PotcheWroom. Piet Cronje. who became so weU
taown in the last war. appeared at the auction w>.h
, number of armed Boers, who flung the baM
from the wagon and drew the wagon rtself back u
triumph to Bcuidenhouf, farm. Bezmdenhct
.nd mother burgher were sent to me at my .™
of Boekenhoutfontem. in the Rustenburg D.sln t,
to „k me to come at once to Potchefstroom as he
burghers were ready to commence the war of md^-
pendence. I obeyed this request ^d found to
Lghers collected not far from Potehefstroon
The officer in command of the English tn»p. at
Potchefstroom sent to ask if he could speal. to «
.nd. when I ««wered in the afBrmatave. he came
out, described what had happened at the sale of the
wagon and ended with the words:
"You must admit that this is open rebelhon.
I answered; . , , ^„.
"I should agree with you. if we had. ckn«-
ledged the amiexation; but that is not the case «
do not look upon ourselves as British subjec^^.
L question of the tax is not a private quest- ot
150
THE WAH OF INDEPENDENCE
«.«t the m.„ „,,,;„ r^T-lir^ " r •^^'''''J
been fixed for the 8th „7t ^'■-'- "'"''* '>«'
p'- instep, « :j,*::;^:"«r„;n'' *-""' '•^^
-d that the people ZlT^':L^'^' T,
solution of the difflp„if • * peaceful
^or.. the mL«ttl ,rir ""•• ''™ '^^'
were to take part ,vfit '*'" ""' *•>« '^o
erthele^. .nC If "T ''"=''^«<' «'«'»• Nev-
enLent of ;" "T^t "«""«' that the Gov-
""ndant Gene™,. ""' "^ ^"* •if^'^^ « Com-
•«-. Thetri„„;ir,S^":tl*'- "^^ ^"■
»«tio„ in whieh the good ri^f tt"Zn1r'""
l»rne out by historin.I <^ ^ . "epuWic was
«>e Go~^",tf ^ -" *;.-to„tion of
»«ie known to one and aU ^"""^ «*?■">«"
^:.ri:rcrK"°" ■* '■-'«'• --^
151
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Commandant Piet Cronj6 was sent for this purpose
to Potchefstroom with about 400 men, whUc the
Government left for Heidelberg, there temporarily
to fix the seat of government Heidelberg was
easily occupied, as it contained no English garrison,
and the landdrost handed over his office forthwith,
under protest. In the meanwhile, Cronj6 had ar-
rived at Potchefstroom and taken measures to have
the proclamation printed. Here the first shot was
fired that bpened the war. The EngUsh fired on a
burgher watch posted in the street A bullet stnick
Frans Robertse. of Wijsfontein Farm, in the Rus-
tenburg District, and passed through his arm. The
members of the newly-appointed Government sent
one more petition to the representetive of the Bntish
Govermnent, the Governor of the Transvaal, and
appealed to the " generosity of the noble Bntish
Nation " in order to recover theu- country m a
friendly fashion. The answer was that the local
troops were called out to suppress the " "volt
I do not intend to give here a history of the War
of Independence, which has been described m its
smallest details. It is only necessary to say Aat^
view of their very small number-in all about 7.0W
men-it was necessary for the Boers to go to work
with the greatest circumspection. The plan was to
cut off all the villages in which the English had a
garrison and to send the rest of the burghers to the
THE W.UI OK IXDEPENMXCE
-iV«l«l frontier there to
«» w„U« Boer. h«,„„,y ".■*."• '«_f»'n.V of
'•t«r.t.g..„f u,.,J;P«r"' •« ""'y *<! in the
"ould h.ve been ^„r^:'""«'' ""■■ -.-pnae
l-d ^ been cUed "?' T^"^^ "' " "'^ ^ »«"
'«' certain ««,„" ^f ""*«'"««P™i«. ".d that
Lydenburg to Pretoria, -^.n ^ ""^ *«"»
"""J received new, „?;..^*^' «»»«»*«. who
'^ the two fo^,^:*""' '« »«• to -neet it.
•^er, .^in^ C^*^ ~'»^'^"' Colonel An-
*> '"med tl.e ^e^^feT^ *'^' P'"*" The „„„
* Beer, who ^^^V I "**"' "^^ ^^
•^er w« brief: *"* "'"• ^t~ther'.
P^i*" "^ "'^ *» P'-'ori. „d I .n. going to
158
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUt KRUGE^
Joubert and Us men, therefore, had no ehoice but
to attaek the English. The field of battle wa. . We
hiU. on whieh stood a few hawthorn-trees. Ihe
English took up their position in a sunk ro«i. whUe
the burghers had to charge across open ground.
^eS 1-ted only a few minutes. About 280 of
the English were dead or wounded; the res sur-
*nde J. Colonel Anstruther. who hunself was
:Llly. wounded, sent ^ or Comm«.dant Jou^^
told him that he was beaten m fair fight, and asked
him to accept his sword as a present^ He d^ aj^w
nunutes Uter. It would not have been wor* whk
Center into these details, -'-^'hstandmg the ear-
lier lying accusations that « Engl^ had ten
treacherously attacked on this occasion, if Field
Xlal Earl Roberts of Waterf ord. Kandahar and
Sria had not rescued this contemptiMe —
from obUvion. When, in the course of the last J.,
he arrived at Bxonkhorstspniit. he t^egraph^ t^
England that he was now at the spot where a Bnh^
fori had been decimated by treachery m 1881. But
iron? shows what a reguhir genuine Enghsh.^
Lord Roberts is. .
"^ The war was continued throughout «ie te^.«
of the Republic under the able command of tiie U
Generd Joubert. who was then m the full v gor o
W, years and displayed his mditary capacity >n'
^Znt fashion that aroused general ama.em.nt
154
THE WAR OP INDEPENDENCE
eUmax in the Battle of MaiulTw^r'*" ""^ "»
Pebruary I881. ^ "'"' ™ *« 27* of
"»«de several j„„ "s t, ^e '* ""' ^ "'-
»««>cetoPotchefttrZ *' ™"»»«»d'«. for in-
Standerton, to ex^^ J "" ""^ D".te.«ber«. and to
» those places, ^l It? 7^^ *■"= '•"«''^"
•"■^ss the burghe« ^ro ." «"»tenburg to ad-
«r-.«>n. Hete I el^; IT ^'^«-"« *= British
"'«» near Rustenburh '^ *''*'"''' ^'^»- -h"
•ttitude, and I at of '^'™"' * "'""temng
P^ied by se'en len " fT^'^ "^*-' --"
K.«.«athere:"rlt--Xfr:^'r"''
•™» in their huts, elearirwi* 1 Z," ' """"
I went straight to M. . . T *°°^ 'ntention.
in these wo^ *^'°' '"" "»" ""Jdressed hin,
Why did you supply the I?„~l- i • .
«t RustenburK with Z ^^ '' '" *"■• <""»?
■•■<". to observe a" ir™T, '"«"''«'• ^ "<"! 'oW
^'^i-war..:^~::;;j-yei„thi..ar.
««««to replied:
"' ""'■"•' • '""'"^ f~n, the English saying
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
that they had already taken Heidelberg and were
on the way here, and that, if I did not obey their
orders, they would come to punish me."
I retorted: ,
» If you won't listen to me, I shall have to bring
you before the court-martial," and caught him by
the hand.
While I was speaking to ttie chief in these threat-
ening terms, the Kaffirs stormed into the hut f^m
every side, armed with axes, assegais and nfles. But
one of my men, Piet van der Walt, placed himsel
with his rifle beside Magato, and threatened to shoot
him down if the least harm came to me. When Ma-
gato saw that his life was at stake, he ordered h.«
captains to disperse the Kaffirs. The captiuns had
to beat back the crowd with cudgels and knobkernes
before they succeeded in separating them. When
the riot had subsided, I said to Magato:
« Call in your Kaffirs again; I want to give them
""^Uat^ at first refused, saying that I could tell
him, Magato, what I wanted. But I said: ^
" No, I will speak to your people mysell.
Thereupon the Kaffirs were summoned, and ap-
proached unarmed and timidly. I spoke to them.
rebuke, them for their bad -duct and wame
them to keep quiet in the future, as Kaffi sh
nothing to do with this war." After that, I resumed
156
§
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
"either ^ „„ opp^e ttfi^rr "™*^ '"^
A« I had to go bacfcto^ *, ,f "«'"* <»• *« Boers.
«»^-«nd..he„.e^efr.::^™^-'"'<'
request in the presence nf Z' ' "*'*'" }"»»
-U ..ke them h/;™ ""' ' ''"^ "*"' «- I
"• -.• Then 1 lit;l^°" r" "°* «'^' *™
'et.^irrtJtidier'"'"-^^--
fl-ested an arJs«L !„? "' *' ^"«'"'' "•"" «*-
It was a ve^ difflc„u j^t *" *' IT"*'" ^^'■
'»«s, the roads were h»7^ ^' '" ""' ''<^a>T
"■itous route had t 'e "l"™;"""^' """^ " -"
fte places occupied b^thl'inr T "''" '" ''™'<^
"■" to come to an end 1 »f ^ *' ™'^ """'■*«<«
157
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
joui-ney, obtained a four d^ys' prolongation of the
armistice. Together with my companions, Preto-
rius, Mare and Dr. Jorissen. I was enthusiastically
received by the burghers. Soon after, a conference
was held between the representatives of the Boers
on the one hand and Sir Evelyn Wood, for the Brit-
ish Goveimnent, on the other It took place half-
way between the two camps. During the annistice,
Sir Evelyn had received instructions from the Brit-
ish Colonial Secretary which were to form the bas,s
of the negotiations. These were:
(1) Amnesty for all the Boer leaders.
(2) The Boers to be entitled to empower persons
to negotiate a peace.
(8) The appointment of a royal commission to
investigate all military questions and to hand over
the country. .
(4) Self-government under British su^eraintv
(5) A British resident to be appomted at
Pretoria. , a j? • tj«
(6) The foreign policy of the South African Re-
«blic to be placed under British control.
The late President Brand of the Orange Free
^te was to be present at the negotiations m order
to faciHtate a settlement. The composition of the
soK^alled roval commission gave rise to many d*-
culties. The British Government wished it to con-
sist exclusively of British subjects, with the exeep-
158
a
tion of President Brand wl,„
of both partes. 3T,e B J ° T *° '" ™ '«'«'«
hand,desn«l,^.,^'J^«' ^'^'"' <»> the other
'esentatives of both nart ?"' ""^"""g "t «p.
P-rtion of the HepuWio ^ '^°'' *™»^'™» «
^^*e„troon, S"' Ht^ *^ ^*'^* ""d
leaders refused to hear of ^ ""' '''^ "">«
"f-ents. Sir Kvel^;:::;"^-- After ,on«
Suppose we do not yield on th •
«» on fighting r " *" P<""t' will you
I rephed:
-^^IS^- ^^-.'o not, eld,
Su- Evelyn Wood answered, " Yes- " ^
I took up n,y h,t, „^ ,^^ ^J^^ whereupon
fewal of Her Mai Jl ^ *"*°" °^ «« with-
'» -i'Jages during L „e!oti «^ ^""^ ^
r """^t as thoul 2 "^^ ^* '""'«' '"-
*««gl.. and that wt t "^«°*»'"» ™"« f.1,
" was the n>on«,t at whid, Q.
I 159
THE MEMOIKS OF PAUL KRUGEB.
Jo™«n, by my order, drew up hi. «>-"^ *^
pr«l«nation.« I cau«d this third P'ofTf »" ^
^ read out to President Brand, who had by that
toe arrived and who m«le every effort to mduce
me to refrain from pubUshing that docun«nt and
to continue the negotiations. This wM done, at
O-Neill-s house. It was a very '^«>^\'-^'^^
agree on the different points. Sir Evelyn Wood
JSw. very utmost to get off with verbal assuranees;
^, „ the armistice had to be prolonged m order
to continue the negotiations, he seized the oppor-
tunity. whUe I was engaged in conversahon w.th
General Joubert and Dr. Jorissen. to d»rge »
orderly to take the news of the prolongation of the
.rmis^cetothecamp. But I noticed th« and asked.
"Where is the man going? ** . • t
As soon as I heard the nature of his nussion. I
said to one of Wood's aides-de-camp:
" Stop that manJ "
I Jn went in to the tent and said to toer.
Wood that I asked him. as an honest man, first
sign the agr^ment containing the !»»•' ^f-T^
Xeen us"^ The document lay on the Uble, but^S"
Evelyn refused to sign. It was not ont.1 I end
-. sigher,. s«ldle! " that Wood, who now saw «
further evasion was impossible, gave m and signed.
vaaltelu Herinmnngm, 189T.— /><>«• oy ""
160
THE WAM OF INDEPENDENCE
Wien the provisional peace nr„f^.
the English ofBce« tried toXrV''"' "'«"='''
to'y and to make ■„ I T ^"^"^^^ ""e Boer vie-
Wul losse,^^ ~- *»' - had suffered
ti^uedourresistaTeeT '""• ""' *-' "O"-
" ^°^ m«ny did you hare kiiw .u
one of the. asked .olhertriS.,^ the Nekr"
woun'dr'"'"'°-"---^''"'«H...a„done
-"o°rfSr---edthathehad
».xp™.i4ouT^rhi:r^s,r"^-=
niiration of their coura t """ ^""^ ^'' ^^"
near were meantime ^^' °^*'^''^ standin^^
f»u«ht ve,;;:::; m*^ ^"^"-^ '-"'
-tU their «nmuni«o„ gare° ,,t°"T ^""•
tkey had to give „p fte ^ht- ' "' ™"'^-
'^^I^lTcrdgt**-''"'^'^-'^*-'^^-
.J:H:'"'"^'^''"'"'«-*"-<'totheehap,ai„
>n you see Her Majesty. ™„d,o,.,,„h„
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
that she must give her soldiers a special reward for
the care with which they guarded their ammunition
supply; we found it on the hiU. quite safely packed
on the donkeys I "
Wood himself put similar questions. He asked,
among other things:
"What were the 200 men for whom you were
sending to the Biggarsberg ? "
" We heard that you were marching there with
12,000."
" And you sent your 200? "
" Yes, we had no more to send; but I have seen
that they would have been enough."
By this agreement, which was signed by myself
and Joubert in the name of the people of the South
African Republic, the following objects were se-
cured: absolutely free autonomy under British suze-
rainty, with the appointment of a British Res.h at
at Pretoria, and the return of British proputy
seized during the war. The point that nearly led to
the breaking-off of the negotiations, namely, the
question of the loss of territory, was left to the de-
cision of the royal commission. Sir Evelyn \\ ood
bound himself not to occupy the positions on Laing s
Nek if the Boers abandoned them, nor to sena
troops or ammunition to the Transvaal. Moreover.
the royal commission was to settle all undecided mat-
ters within six months, to confirm the treaty of peac^
and to restore the country to the Boers. This com-
162
T^'O". "Wch „et d.„rtly after •
Hercules Hobinson, the\ , """"'*''' "^ »■>
Co«mW„„„, Si, He!; d:"^;!."'-'"'^'' Hi«h
t'ceof Cape Colony and S I "• '='"''■'' J"»-
directed a draft trel 'Jl I^'"" "''^- ^hey
«^*eP„,„,eonv^-?^,^°7'>^'''enaJ
fent discussions took pUee !„ i 'V ,!'°"« «"'' ™-
'-« »u™„,„„ed ,0 .pp^^;" ,*' ^''"'»™'«'. which
month, earlier, in an exJaor!^" """'»«'"'• Five
»!^de„<. in ft, co„j:^:r.^^;;~'' "'^ ^»«
"l«t.„n with England a, tit ^ '' '" ' '''«'»-
«on«l existence. f„ ^.d" "" '"'^" "^ « l-appy na-
»"' ^. «-. now fo:^ ^tif ':hT 'i' ""*'■-•
«««nst certain articles ofT "'''*"'' '" Potest
Pkined by telegran, but i„ "°"'""'''°"- '"" «»«-
«V'"1 clauses rf ^e t^.^^ ' *" '^"''*'"™ «'at
"f -"-t had actuX t:! a""**'"" "'^ °'"--'<'
"o"*- Eventually L ." ^"'"^"^ ■'^ '-"••d of
"rith the reservation that w "°' ""'^ ""^Pted
""i »•■«* we trustc™ that 2 ""' ^''^'""'^ *" ^°-
«Pten«, .he Brif^h d^ " ^■'^'' "^ «>■■» forced ac-
^«y to alter the corenSntT' """'" ^'^^ *-
^"■* made it una^rt^M ^ .° "'"'''" «-= Points
% «-.e imposition TsLl*: ^''"'''^''- "o"-
«Waih„cnts of territoj •' '"^ ""^ ™Just
'^p"''"e,MheCr::t'''°"*^^''-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGE^
" Transvaal State." The country only recovered
the title of South African Republic by the London
Convention of 1884. But. in the meanwhile, in my
official correspondence with the British Resident I
was always accustomed to speak of the South Afri-
can Republic. One fine day the latter came to me to
complain about this, saying that the name of the
country was the Transvaal State, and not the South
African ;Republic.
" How do you prove that? " said I.
« Why." answered Hudson. " by the convention,
which clearly says. ' Transvaal State.' "
« Very well," I rejoined. " If I sell you a farm
and, m the deed of sale. I say. ' I. Paul Kruger,
hereinafter called the Vendor, and so on. then, m
what follows, I am no longer ' Paul Kruger. but the
'Vendor.' Even so in this case. In the convention,
just as in drawing up a deed, the Republic is re-
ferred to as the ' Transvaal State;' but that does
not make it its real name, but only its specification.
Its real name is and remains the ' South African
Republic' "
Hudson laughed and said:
" Well, call it as you please, only do not mind it
I keep to the name of the Transvaal State."
On the 8th of August, after the Volksraad had
met, the countiT was restored in due f onn and the
dear VicrUeur was once more solemnly hoistea.
164
CHAPTER IX
^AUI- KHUGEH-S KIHsx PKESIDENCV
1888-1888 ^^^^Y:
Mcaocorv msowtion test chart
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
1.0
3.6
!<' 14.0
i
2.5
2.2
2.0
i.8
A
/APPLIED IIVHGE Inc
1693 Eoit Main StrMt
RochMter. Nm York U609 US*
(716) 482 - 0300 - Phon«
(718) 288-S989 - Fo«
b
bl
to
Sti
CHAPTER IX
I88S-I888
The eiection__The war with the ir„ffl •
t-t-K.ir disturbances on t£ 1";: '""^ ^^^^^'"^ D-
^he fiepabiic-Boer volunteer '°"*^-^^«*^'« frontiers of
proclamation, enlist JdT ' 1 f V' ^'^ ^'-'^^t''
1-roane, for their war against othS ^^"^"'"^ ^^ ^«°-
the republics of SteUalafd "nd ^ . ?' ^''^'^^ ^^^ found
-arded then, for their servTeesT.?' "" ^''^ *-^t-7
Moshette place tliemselves IT I^^^ "^'"^^ ^^'""t^ioa and
vaal-England protest irnj tt '"*^^"''" °^ ^'^^ W
t-ns regarding the west^rLt "b?^'"''"*--^^«°«-
Charles Warren and Cecil Bhodes V" ''"'^''' ^ir
London-Sir Hercules Robinson 7 T' '^"^ ""'* *«
by the London Convention of g^'^Ti °' *'^ "-"---t^^
Govemments-Dr. Leyds-ll t"^"'*" *° *h« European
i« 1885-The Delago^Bay rr ""''*'°"°'*''^«eprS:
^^"on of the finanislD2urtf"^--^"-««^actor/con-
t-rs-Discovery of the ^^^^^7 *'' "^^*^™ *--
|old-fie,d,^ the "Uitlandl ''-N ~J'; P"^"^^"- of the
State for a closer alliance-In. ^^^^^'^^'^^^ ^ith the Free
public." "'^'^e-Incorporation of the " New C
to the people. I„"2 °*"' candidature
y stated the pnncpfes on which
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
I intended to govern, should I be elected. God's
Word should be my rule of conduct in poliii'is and
the foundation upon which the state must be estab-
lished. The promotion of agriculture; the opening
up of fresh resources of the country and their ex-
ploitation through the creation of new industries;
rail- ay extension towards the sea; restrictions on
immigration (I apprehended the least danger from
an invasion from Holland), in order to prevent the
Boer nationality from being stifled; a friendly atti-
tude towards England and a closer aUiance of the
South African states; the mamtenance of the au-
thority of the Government towards the natives and
the friendly treatment of obedient native races in
their appointed districts; t^e furtherance of all ef-
forts which would bring the life of the people under
the influence of the Gospel, " and above all," the ad-
vancement of mstruction for the young:— these were
the questions which I considered of vital importance
to the Republic. I obta--d two-thirds of the votes
at the election, and was consequently elected State
President for the next five years.
About the time when a presidential election was
decided on, the Republic became involved in a war
with Mapoch in Secucuniland, in the east of the Re-
public.
Since the restoration of the RepubKc, Secucum
had been her loyal friend. Mapoch was now shel-
168
KRUGER'S FIRST PRESIDENCY
«We. It lasted for^ «»«eque„tly became inevit-
necessary , pW 4 ZT T *' ''"«* >»<»">«
- point out t:::rc~'„t'"««-'ei;
effort to bring the war to »^.^ ""'""'' '^'^
dusion. Wfth tt!" ""* """^ ^"^'f'J con-
K-UBrs, in wh.Tihr^h^''' "" ""^ '"^^ "^ 'he
wi«. dmmite The^.*,"^.^*"'"'*"' ""endives.
™tU July 1883 M.Zu "°* """* '° »» »d
«.e com„,en^„f :'„';"" f '^"'«> ^"ortly befo«
"me of his de~Tdel i! ^" ""^ "'^ed with
«* war. for even he- . /""^"'""^ "■""8''
«»t she was :Z^ZZ'' ',"' *° '"*«"'>«'^
•"I need not ftrol Wf ""^T '""^ ""^ ""J"
»yforei^power:t,^;^Xn?;'r*"" °'
About th#» «»»«« *• "wierent weakness.
««1 Montsi^ w^"., J;" ^f^ 'Oiefs, Mos:.tte
M'nioroanecIrt^'T'?*""^"*"- ^ater,
««»ouw to Cet^,*^?' '^'*»«. and
'"Tfricndly™^^" 1^? """^ -«" "^"-y'
y with the Enghsh, and tried to induce
t
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUt KRUGER
volunteers to join him. Maa«.uw and MoshetteW-
lowed his example, promising each volunteer three
thousand morgen of land. This was, of course a
very tempting offer. Applicants came not onh
from the Transvaal but also from the Orange Free
State and even from Cape Colony. The Govern-
ment of the Transvaal issued a proclamation which
forbade the burghers to join the Kaffirs. But some
of them refused to obey the proclamation renounced,
their burgher rights and reported themselves to the
Kaffir captains. Later, the Government sent Gen-
eral Joubert to the western frontier to demand on«
more the return of those burghers who had ignored
the proclamation. The Royal Commission of 1881
had deprived the RepubUc of the power of direct m-
terfercnee m the quarrels of the Kaffir chief s. The
volunteers firmly refused to return. Meanwhde,the
chief Calveyn had also rebelled, in the Manco dis-
trict, but submitted immediately upon General Jou-
bcrt's threatening him with a commando. Massonw
and Moshettc. with the assistance of their volunte«*
completely defeated their respective opponents. IM
volunteers were not «11 Boers. There were a good
many Englishmen amongst them. These men eh«
the land whid. had been promised them and, joined
by other emigrants, founded the two small repubto
of StelUland and Goshenland. The administraW
of the first was G. T. van Niekerk and its capital
170
^ KKUOKR-S FIRST PRESmEI^CV
public, however, wl t '^"■"''"- Both «-
republic desired incorDor»f • ?"' P""^*" '" «•«
wMe «,e other ap^TTZ TVT ^*"^'
public. CupeColZ^entp M^r* '^*"™" «-
«e«.in«. TheTCLtfct-nhtoset-
"ho was at the same time " r "^ •^™'*rt,
Western Bo«ier," Z iT. ^"'"'»'»™™^ for the
-fom,^ the Rooi«rI„de„T?:r'- ^"^ '''"^''
a.e Transvaal could d„ .^ ^ Govermnent of
«duded them from tJ ?"* ""^ '" "8*-had
public. j"„Cl* OH " "' "^"^"^ "^ fe
■»ent. because thelrsh ^*"^ .'° """^ «"« ^"t-
-^ «.e Gove^ne^ tr tT """*?■" ""<' ""■
deJings with the »„„• T ^'™^««J of secret
»i«ht otherw..e L^^me ' T' *^ ^'P""""
"ia England. Shortlv »T "^ '" *«-="'««
"e Di^r of Srr"'!' ^-'"^ "» Toit,
>«« «« Commissioner If t^w"* *'^"'™' J"""
*-».etime,.,e« ;l*;r^'-Bo^er. At
«• ''Weh the latter askedt f T"" "''" ^'"""■■*«'
'"'■iect of the Soutri^r-V » ""^ *° "^"^ "
f»«P«>tectio„. a*hflr^ "r"""' ■■" ""'" '"
'Ip^elamation was now . «termmated."
n was now .ssued. subject to the condi-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
tions of the convention of 1884. which gave th4 Re-
pubUc the right to enter into contracts ^vllh the
Kaffir chiefs in the east and west of the Repubhc,
on the condition that such contracts were approved of
by England. This proclamation placed the chiefs
Moshette and Montsioa. with their subjects and their
rights, under the protection of the South African
Republic, in order to put an end to further bloodshed.
The decree closed with these words:
This proclamation is issued provisionally, subject to the con-
ditions Ld having regard to article 4 of the London Conven-
tion.*
These words left open the door to an eventual re-
caU of the proclamation, and showed, at the same
time, that the Government had applied to the British
Government for their consent to the annexation. The
British Government, however, had not the least mten-
tion of granting this, but sent Sir Charles Warren
with a strong force to South Africa to put a stop to
the disturbances on the western border, and Sir Her-
cules Robinson telegraphed to Pretoria that the Re-
public must recall their proclamation, as England
1 Du Toit had meantime hoisted the flag of the RepubUc over the '^P^-
claimed" tenito^- ™-t f ve ^s^fed^ io^^^^^^^^^^
it^t flagasasign that '?--,*tl:lrheTrhTui;dr dt I"
re^.:s::Sirrn-r:rrerrnp^^^^
172
KRUGER-S nnST PRESIDEXCV
ftad already declated the saM ,li , • .
-•«ed «.e P««wL,?„n:C *"' *'""'""'
time that England was mS • * ""'"'* "' ">«
f«>ntieri„ order nersot^lf""?'^' '° *'"= "•'»'-™
«■>" wa™ed the ^llraT? ""' '"''''
the peace. "** ('Oshenland to keep
-fereneeh^i no re^'e^tptT ■"'"'" ^''"•'
e«ch side should nomin.f-. • '«''"»«' that
«.^ f«.ntier line ~bv r " *° ""' "^^
President Brand of th7 o """"»«"». ""d that
"Wtrato in ease 'f h ""*^ ^^ ^tate should
^edtobeonn^rLin"^'"'""*" '^'^^' P-
'»^.i.e tried to :::Sri~^On.theother
to him that he was atf«.i.- ^ ^'"*^d o"t
co«™issio„e„„o:2aSi:t"r ^"^
*■"• I myself had r.r„ ^ "''^^m f">n-
"--^andf^raU. ^oS^tt ""'^ '"^ "-"-
together with ihe'^Sr* d r;""*:' ™"™''"''°'
'-'aceon.paniedn.e^to id'ould^r >""" "'«'
«««md marked bv L t °T *' ^"'"^■•- The
^P'W"f«>ntierli*^.'"~°<'^-"-ke.
■m «)nsent to thi, nw, "'""' """'ever, refused
'^»" lest it mii Cr ,^r^ "' »-- "is
'-n his foreetVrht;'::.''"*-'""'' ««"'"'■
173
TH» ,IOIBS OF PAUL KHUGER
I have anticipated the event, of nearly t«o jfear,.
for the above incidenU occurred after my retur i from
my third journey to England. This journey wa. the
^t of a re».lution of the Volksraad of 1888 wh.ch
had decided to send a deputation to England to en-
deavor to have the convention of 1881 replaced by
one more in harmony with the wishes of the people.
The attempt to settle the western i.-^nt.er ques-
tion satisfactorily was necessarily boun . up w.th >
The deputation consisted of myself. General Smrt
and Dr. du Toit, at that time Director of Edu^fon.
Dr. Jorissen preceded the deputation, and had sent
home a report from England to the effecv that she
was willing to receive us and to enter into a d.scuss,o„
on matf^rs submitted to her.
Dr. du Toit had been the editor of the Patml
at Paarl, Cape Colony, and had warmly defended
the Afrikander interest during the war. Shorty
after the declaravion of peace, he can-' to the Soutl.
African Republi., and was appointed Director o
Education. The same sitting which cgreed to t,e
dispatch of a deputation to England depnved D •
Jorissen of his position as State Att, ney throu
the instrumentality of Chief Justice Kotze, v>.
Toifs assistance. His dismissal made room lor
Toit as a member of the deputation. It was not on^
a discourteous proceeding, but, in the highest sens^.
mijust, taking into consideration the miportant
174.
KBUGERS FIRST PBF«r,^T,
«>«' the «.„tao. „, " ;« ""itend^, .^..-^j ^^
qualification, which Dr T • '"•"' '""'' »P«i«J
"<» Cape To.„. n.e^i'tt!!,'^'™'*'^. PaaW.
'"-Ption, and landed at itd T " ""* » '•'"rty
September. The ,en Jt ^ "" ' "" °" "" ^«'> "^
°«%. the Col„nia,Ti^'';t"' '"* "^""^
"»ced at onee. We wT~ ! •"" '■"y- «»»-
British Gove™„,ent Z^^ f""'^ "«" *"«
'T '""ependenee. aTlS"'. *° *'''"' "» the
7- .a, not J„~"^/- State. This c„ ,.
""oession nor by means o' T- '*'""' ''"' '"Y
W- M^e regained T^ "^ »"y,.*-'"-»»«ey „„ , J
Pointed out that, on he " ^ ?'? °' "«<"• "'e
f "«. the Hepubh- tr :' "" ^"'"■-"""
J^-v. which h«l beeruT^ «"**' '" '"' '»*P^"-
""'•ch had not been L^Ct T"- '""» "" «"-
"•y in which we had t! " '" '»" » the
'■' -«" "e. BesS ^: o"*""^ P™"'-' that
«■«!;«« the western W '^'"" ""d'Aeotions «.
^P-tation suc„2"edn" ""' f ™"^' "»'' «"
' «-*rabie tra^ oCr^V: ""' ^P"'^'-
, '»^*ch had been unjulluf "' '■"'" '"''™
■^-^thenego.ationfS :JX-»"«.
175 "^^^ ^o^^'^son and
THE MllMOlRS OF PAUL KRUGEB
I h«l the misfortune to eome into collision. I w«
pointing out .nd in.irt.ng that «rt«in '■">»»• «»»"8
^her, Polfontein «.d Rietfontem, should come
within the boundaries of the «'?"""• "P**
they had fomcrly belonged to us. When I made
this statement. Sir Hercules Robinson who was
present at the negotiations, whispered to i^rd
Derby:
I jUid'up. quite prepared to fall upon Sir Her-
cules. Lord Derby and the other gentlemen present
interfered, and Lord Derby said:
" Gentlemen, you are not going to fight (
I answered that Sir Hercules had insulted me, «.d
that I did not i-tend to put up with it. I accepted
his apology, however, and lus assurance that no
offence was meant."
Despite this incident, Sir Hercules and I after-
wards bec«ne very good friends and remamed »
mxtil his death. He was the only High C°n»m.-o,«r
with whom I exchanged private and ""«<>«'*;•' '^
ters. He was an honorable man and a gentlemaa
in the best sense of the word.
The Convention of 1884 was shortly afterward"
signed and the RepubUc regained her «"»?«=»*
pendence. There was, however, one «** ^teb
Lrtailed her rights, namely, the weU-known «rt.eU ;
But the hateful suzerainty was repealed. The asK
176
KRUGEKs FIRST PRp .^^^^^
"on made bv Mr ri,-^k i .
1* proved. ' ''" '" ^°"» " 'olse, a. will
After the Convention of 27 p„h„
'^'••"gned.thedepuf. ,„rf I ^^"'"T 1884 ha,|
hoping to «i« . C : :l'^r ^J "'" '^"""'-«'
construetion of . „il„.,v;!^t , '" "*"''• '""'• *>"
««-«' on eve,y hldJuh";''^ ''"^- '^' *'-
■nd «thu,i„™.^B„°^'j^^*^*''« «""'"' '-«"«.
"■O «" «en,ed glad toCC^ ^'"^ '" "" """"
'»« of their kinsmen fro™ So„Tr"°' ?" '
Pnneipal thing, namelv th. "™= ■>"' »«
- -„ ^iv^ttt^j:™". n ' *'"'"'^- '" L''""-:
Frond, , „=,ident Td T^ k'' °" °" •^•' "-^ ">'
Port„gue« declared ILL ^"* "' ^P"'"- The
Delago. Railway, t*;?^^ 7 "■"•^ *» ^uiM the
delay that part of the iJf u ""™^n<» without
Portngue Jterrito* We Jn,;™" ""> ""-"^h
Portugal to take ov^ the TlTf ""' """"S^ ''o'
•« >« nnder one rn^^,^^' '^ " ""' " ""«'"
Holland, we granted T ^" °"' "^'n™ <«
T'^-aal tern" f ! ""«-» to build „„
•"d the foundation of th.fT ''"™" J""^™' »'1'«
^Wcan Railway c2'''"'"';^'^^'''"land3 South
•"""od th«>ugh Ge™Z "^L *^"™ "■^'^ -e ro-
^!f-iv^byZr::^::----
^^ """ ^«e J^mperor Wil-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Kam 1/ to South Africa. In the next session of the
Volksraad, I was able to state that our independence
had been obtained-that henceforward the RepubUc
took her place as an equal with other independent
powers, and that the suzerainty had ceased to exist.
It never occurred to England to contradict this state-
ment. I brought back with me from Holland Dr.
W. J. Leyds as State Attorney. The important
part which Dr. Leyds was to play in subsequent
events is known to all. His name will always remain
associated with the history of the RepubHc.
The Delagoa Railway concession came up for dis-
cussion during the session of the Volksraad of 1884.
Petitions protesting against the scheme had mean-
while accumulated. I defended my plan with aU
my might. I pointed out the importance of pos-
sessing a railway of our own. The duties imposed by
Cape Colony were excessive and prevented our find-
ing a market there for our products. Besides, I as-
sured the Raad that the expenditure would not neces-
sitate the levying of fresh taxation, and that it would
be the very means for the exploitation of the new
1 It was on this occasion that Prince Bismarck stumbled on the stairs
of the Royal Palace in Berlin, and the Emperor William jestingly said:
" Prince, you are growing old."
Bismarck replied : . v^
"Yes, Majesty, that 's usuaUy the case, that the horse grows old De-
fore his rider." . x * „w,fh
The story of Kruger's stay with a large landed proprietor, of wmen
many versions exist in Germany, is an invention. President Kru^
states that he paid no such visit.-AV. by th» EdUor of the Gernm
Edition.
178
Pl«ce at the s«ne tune g^"™.'^'^'"* ^'""'^ "^^
"nanimoudy re-elected "^°"'«'* ''^s almost
""Mion had declared eni.C • . ""''" Com-
"nterily enrolled hinuetf . ""'"P^dent, had vol-
-e:y th«ate„,-„;l!^J7 ^» *»- »d .«„„ed
obliged to n.a«h LaiTh^ t^^^' •^""'^t ''"^
«aie.y. ThewfirC^^''~'™"'»''°»d
•"-■ed daring Z toTT^'"'' ""* *'» -«>^-
» *ort battlf. in^^wl TTr "' '^ *"™ "^ *er
Tie Boe„ ta ,1 Me^^ ^"^ -^^'f -- failed.
^ong the killed w« Sc^ """* '» """"""i.
°f the artille^. Thflo ,f T' "" """"""d-mt
™;^i-,a:dthf;hSSet^---
^--rrer:rr;r^--«-
"'StandaMBanThaTw ™^ The credit with
«f-ed toadvaneeJ:^^- 'f^T"' «"<• «.ey
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
a very different way from that which I had antici-
pated. The rich gold-fields of the Witwatersrand
were discovered and brought about a complete revo-
lution in the financial aspect of the affairs of the Re-
pubUc. The history of the RepubUc entered upon a
new phase with this discovery. Can we possiWy look
upon it as fortunate? As I have ahready said, gold
and the embittered feelings which were the outcome
of the first annexation are the causes of the present
nusery in South Africa. It wiU presently be seen
that, of the two causes, the gold-fields assumed the
greater importance. It is quite certain that, had no
Ld been f omid in the Transvaal, there would have
been no war. No matter how great the influx of
Englishmen, no matter how varied and mamfold
their complaints, the British Govermnent would not
have lifted a finger in their defence, had it not been
tempted by the wealth of the country. The question
of the franchise, which in reality caused no hard-
ships to foreigners, was made use of by intriguers
to further their plans. The words uttered by the
late General Joubert, when a burgher came gleefully
to tell him that a new gold-reef had been discovered,
were prophetic:
*' Instead of rejoicing," he said, you would do
better to weep; for this gold will cause our countn'
to be soaked in blood."
The quartz-reefs of the Witwatersrand, which
180
^ere discovered in *u
Government to p^w ™ "^"^T for the
8°W-flelds whiehlo^^„ T' "'^'"^ « Public
the influence of the .^„w "'"^"^ come under
fe middle of «>e ^"7886 r;!:, "^"'^ ""Pl-ned i„
f*™'. for example T'ff„,'"* ''^"^ 'o several
o«.e«. Miner/s^elh^*^""' ^""^""tem, -"d
"^^^^ «' the golSd "l, '^^'"'"-" "ow
''orfd- It does not ne!d tot '"''^ ""'' °^ ""^
that among these thoZ^l'* ''^""y Ported out
»h«^rs; but, on tte I T' "^^ ^"^P'™''^
-wwiedged that .6?^:^: /r"' " "-^ ■"» <-
Wtwate„r.„d consisL^, I ^P"'''«°» "f the
'-;;«'fornopohti:^J^;-;«"«People, who
w.* the object of JkinTtt * !f """' "^^^'^
fW-flelds were discovered tl, f "'*'"'''• Oth*^
•he west, Heidelberri^^;"^ "^ ^^S^^dorp in
»I«h»anie and KlerLror^h " "^ '"* ''"'^' "'^^■
-^•tion and the worldn/;f !'"'''"''"'"«■« Pop-
«««1 prosperity in thl I """'' ''""'Sht in-
•■""ket for his pj^„^2'""- , The Boer found
^ «-n-s and otter s^C^,' ^V""""^ "-"eflted
"ther, leased durin7thn"'"""' ''"e »old, „r,
Strict was J^;r.Id T' """"'• *^«°'d
."•^ or stations onorb/r:' ""* '''*° «'^''»'
'^^i for 99 yea:. ag!K "^ '* ''^' ^
Sxn^ the payment of monthly
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
taxes. At the expiration of the 99 years, they re-
turned to the State. The big tc.wn of Johannesburg
had its origin in this parceling-out of the gold-fields
and in time its trade became the most hnportant ot
South Alrica; consequently both Natal and Cape
Colony were anxious to have access to it by rail. But
I refused to listen to this, so long as the Delagoa Rail-
way was unfinished. I feared that the independent
trade of the RepubUc would be injured if other rail-
way connections were opened up with Johamiesburg.
That my fears were well-grounded was fully proveo,
later in the quarrel concerning the drifts, which very
nearly involved the RepubUc in trouble with Eng-
land* , . I. c,
In order to assist the new population as much as
possible in their difficulties, a new committee was
^ablished, known as the "Delvers" or Mining
Committee, for the purpose of settling differences
among the gold-diggers and negotiating between
them and the Government. Cecil Rhodes was for a
long time a member of this Delvers Committee. In
1887, I visited Johannesburg in order to acquaint
myself personally with the existmg conditions. My
reception was a friendly one; but I was presented
with an address containing nothing but complamts
against the Govermnent. I replied that, in the first
place, if grievances existed, they would be a matter
for the decision of the Delvers Committee, and
182
'"'Ped that, in this „«„ » f^ j.
^ «n,ved ... „d tTru i::^'"^r ""»* -^-"^^
'■'''e «cou«e to force M ^ ''= '"°'1«'"«' »»
t^'nto^y attitude L f . T^'™ '«" <»«>
»8S of tte f oreigneT bT "" ^" *« f«' "
elements of whirthe po!!''' °""' "°* '•"•«'' «"«
"- '«<* that , popIhW* " """ ""P"*^' •«»
•^ Gove^nent to ^Tl^"^ f""^ «■« B*
■oherenl weakness h^ cost tl, ?"' '^'™«°" <>f
'^^ dete,^ed, th^^fo"* ! ^^"'"^'' «''«• I
"> 'void a «ne;aj oftTa "^ " "^ !»-«
»Pect«,«,e«.„,pUi„^„^*''^f<'n. I„ other «.
«•« Wendliest Lii^^t^^T'" """^ "■«* "«"
"omplained that the taxation ffth'^t"*' ''"^ *^
»" too hea^, ft „^ soon rfl*r^""^P'««««»
redueed. "tenvards considerably
The first conference held with « •
««««>ce between the Oral^ « "«- to a closer
. outh African Kep:b&'"*' ^^ '*'*' "■" *«
rt W to nothing partlv h. ' '^^ '" ^m. But
0'»«e Free S^te^t^^^^ ' ^'' """ «■«
>« buat through her t^^t ^'™'* « ''^'''''y to
"; South African HeS^'^,':'"* -^^ ~
«"<>'^<« in South Africa 1 "^ "' *» British
-"-ection With the British s^th^'iT"" » ^-'
^^^ uin African states so
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
long as the independence of the Transvaal wa^ not
guaranteed by the possession of a railway of her own,
and I feared that the construction of the only possible
self-supporting railway for which the Government
had made itself l-.ble would be delayed, or the rail-
way rendered unproductive if other lines were started
in the meantime. The second reason why the confer-
ence failed was that I demanded an offensive and de-
fensive alliance in case the mdependence of either
was threatened. President Brand could not see his
way to accept this proposal. I need hardly say that
the press of Cape Colony was exceedingly indig-
nant with me on accoimt of my attitude with regard
to the raUway question. But I went my own way,
knowmg that my first duty concerned the interest of
my country.
The incorporation of the " New RepubUc " with
the South African Republic took place during the
same year, and it was afterwards formed into the
Vryheid district. This republic owed its existence to a
quarrel between two Zulu chiefs, Dmizulu, the son of
Cetewayo, and Usibepu, who were at war with one
another in 1884. Dinizulu had received assistance
from a number of Boers, subjects both of the South
African Republic and Natal, but without the au-
thority of the Government. Dinizulu defeated Usi-
bepu, and showed his gratitude by giving the Boers
who had helped him a piece of land, on which a new
184
^^OEHS FIRST PHESIDENCV
"Pubh-c «u„e i„t„ existence r„_ „
» member of the ExecuZ" p . ^^^' "H «
«»>Paign5 of the late w„ „ . '°°^ ^^ » the
«hi« wpublie. But, in issr T" "^ P'*"'^™' of
.«■« South African TuZiio Zr"^""^ -*
■"habitant,. a„d ^;,^ ™"' "' ^^ "quest of the
{<•>•- great distrfeb TlIJ' T """ " «" °*«
VoUcsraadof theSouttrw/°» "''"'"" '» «>«
The period of fiv Republic.
;>e^ resident had'mChtnl? ' '^ "^
rt became necessary, in 1887 7 ^ '^'"'*<^' »d
*» Voltsraad. of'the So^ S" ""*'"' *""«>■
'—.e the affairs of the colUfZC™'
185
CHAPTER X
PAUL KHUGER'S
SECOND PRESIDENCY:
1888-1808
CHAPTER X
-Arr^g^raa^U, 1„ fa,„ j;"/^" ^^h African Republic
•t Johanne-burg; the Second vl 'J" ^''^ ^* ^^o""*-
h.t«d of the UiUande„^°lThIt:'*:f--/--I Kruge,'.
BritW. perfi:_The Adendo J treklH*^:!? A,.^„ent^
TKniger the " ,utocrat "-Th! ''^ ,f ""«'°'" different.
elecUon.. ^*e educaUonal question-New
p -fx^:::::^ -^ - .»«. .„ „,
<«>*d.tu«, but I ». '; , * "^ •" «««Pt«l the
P««ide„t f„, the JZ\ " """" '" <" State
S-*t«y b. the GoveiT^tT B f !5' '''™"
WM now elected State W* ^^' ^'■- ^^l'
-"".y motion, wa.^^ltrr T *^ ''"™"'
purple. ' * P°»« ''h,'* was created for this
In the first vear nf r*,
--^whi</:;i:LrhrrStr^''^"'
--Piieation.. CecUrhrtr
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
time begun to realize his imperialiitic dreamt, that
is, bit eflfortt to extend the British autliority towards
the north of Africa. At that time. Matabeleland
and Mashonaland, to the north of the Transvaal,
were governed by the Zulu Chief Lobengula. the
son of Moselikatse. who had been driven out by the
earlier settlers. But MoseUkatse, the once so hated
and cruel enemy of the Boers, had in later years en-
tered into friendly relations with the Republic, and
this friendship was continued under his son. Lo-
bengula was »ven on very good terms with the
Boers and often came into contact with the bur-
ghers of the Republic, who hunted in his territories.
In 1887, he sent one of his principal indunas to Pre-
toria with the request that the South African Re-
public would appoint a consul in his domains. This
wish was granted, and Piet Grobler, who was well
acquainted with the Matabele Kaffirs, was sent to
represent the Republic. Before he started. I
drafted a treaty by which Lobengula placed his
country under the protection of the Repubbc.
Grobler took this document with him and, on his w-
rival at Bulawayo, read it to Lobengula. who fully
agreed to the treaty, but asked for a few days' delay.
to summon his indunas and hear their opinion before
signing. .
Grobler thought he would make use of this deia)
to meet his wife, who was on her way to join hini,
190
KHL-GE«s SECOND PRESIDEXCV
"^ "'"' WM at that «„. . "'-'^CY
»»^'« K«iH«, „,„ IZ , """"■ detachment of
l^-- fce rode ,.„i^ht „*" tol .""' '" "??"»">
"•nted, but they .,, ^l t f?' *" "* "'«" they
"^ «' then. „/.old ht, tT *'"• """"^ ~"«'.t
•' '=«de. Of tte de2:ent'l^' ''** «" "P*^™
«*«t their object wr^"''"*:' l" -"^ht he.,
tondred yard, from hi. ™*'' **"' "n • few
'"'Jv, whL . " *'' "■«8»™ to meet tb- J •
y- Which mrniediately 0De„.rf « ** '™"''
W«ie running b«.k to hiwf.^ "P"" '"■"'•
% and fell. ^ youn^ k1^ ^"l '" '"" '"'* » the
«» -o,^ded m«,, r^tl ^ *" ** '^'^ "d
^J-- G , >bler-, «mpl^ """ ''™ ""h her own
'^'■en, nowopened TT^' """'""« "^ «^« or
•j^-t cXlt^^:""''"'- the enemy
--— f.^r:d:r;d:,^n!:
f »« Shodea', object to „M ' ""* *■■» ^'l^e.
«^«. African interi^ l°t" " '"^""■°° <>' the
--^ofthesS^c^l-S.-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
British High Commissioner concerning this infcident,
for Khama was under British protection. In order
to avoid an open conflict, the Government of the
RepuhUc was ohliged to content itself with an ar-
rangement hy which Khama was to pay Grohler's
widow a pension of £200 a year.
In order to explain Rhodes's connection with this
matter and with the whole further history of my
own struggles and those of the RepubHc, I must
here refer to the origin of the Chartered Company
and the aims and efforts of the Rhodes party. Cecil
Rhodes is the man who bore by far the most promi-
nent part in the disaster that struck the country. In
spiie of the high eulogiums passed upon him by his
friends, he was one of the most unscrupulous char-
acters that have ever existed. The Jesuitical maxim
that " the end justifies the means " formed his only
poUtical creed. This man was the curse of South
Africa. He had made his fortune by diamond
speculations at Kimberley, and the amalgamation of
the Kimberley diamond-mines put him in possession
of enormous influence m the financial world. Later,
he became a member of the Cape Parliament and,
in 1890, rose to be prime minister of Cape Colony
But. long before this, he had turned his attention to
Central South Africa; for it was due to him tha
Goshenland and Stellaland became incorporated
with Cape Colony. He looked upon these domains
192
^^HUGER-S SECOND PKESIOENCV
"ito a treaty with T r.i^ I "** *^™e' to enter
'»«— en.th.„«,X^^*:^'■"«'-
-P^ey, supplemented by aC«^I-, . "«" "^ °^
™««eded in obtainin., ^ *^ "'^ *«-™». he
"Kht to search for goIdToTh ^ «'™ '^ *-
•V; but he used it Tl^ *!' ""»'' ■■" *« coun-
Weland, with tt ill^" t *" ^°°«»« ■" Mata-
-n of the South Tfril Tn T™*'"* *' »'^"-
He soon saw that he w^Id^^r^ M *" *'^°''-
^ PI- Without prote^iZ^^Tr" ""'
"»* fo England to obtain a .H ? ""^- ^° ""^
right to certain mono^fe :„ttr '^l"* '"'" '"^
He p-u^ it w.thouriTd^':^f f "' r ""•
''""»e„i, *„„,.„ . °""™"y' ^w he found
We must work toirether t i.
CH we must simply takp if " -o >,.
„ ^ can't take awav „fh ' "*"* ^'«^««-
Rhode hTn ^' ''* accursed." * **''" '* ^''^n *f you gave it
^''i'- «/^^^Z"^ ''" ^''«^«'vors to gain Km
198
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
bribery a useful ally when fine speeches were in-
sufficient for his purpose, and he was not the man
to spare money if some object was to be attamed.
It is certain that a number of influential persons
in England received shares in his Chartered Com-
pany. He even tried to win over the Irish faction
in Parliament, which was not at all in harmony
with his plans, by a p-^sent of £10,000. Who
knows how many more large sums he spent with the
sameobjectl This will never be revealed. Rhodes
was capital i..camate. No matter how base, no mat-
ter how contemptible, be it lying, bribery or treach-
ery, all and every means were welcome to him, if they
led to the attainment of his objects.
Khodes obtained his charter, although one might
well ask what rights England possessed over this dis-
trict to enable her to grant a charter; and a company
was formed with a capital of one million sterling.
Soon afterwards, in 1890, Rhodes fitted out an ex-
pedition to take possession of " his " territory. The
protest of the Matabele king was ignored. Rhodes
took possession of Mashonaland, and built several
forts: Fort Charter, Fort Salisbury and Fort Vic-
toria. It soon became evident, however, that Ma-
shonaland was of little value, either agricultura ly
or as a mining district. Under the impression tha
Matabeleland possessed valuable gold-fields, he set
about to annex it. In order to do so, he must involve
194
Mashonaa had stolen cattl.T^ .^^''«™'* «*" «>e
«« punish the raiders. L^l , "' " ""^ "" ""ty
« <»nd Of his people, as w^'' ? """ "''Patched
f «venge the robbe^. ^ *' ""*•"» » «■<* «.»«,
««.« to demand Uhen^r """ .""' '"^ « ""
7"' of the massae^ of ttll"?'*"™'' <•" "c
there be truth i„ this 21 *^'«*»'>'«- Whether
--: Hhodes had hi :^t;r' ™^ *""« '•»
"«fe; the Maxin, gmsZfll T'"^ *' Mata-
." " ^M that LoC^uJ:"' ""-" "y hund^.
■"g his flight. WhTltu "'" *' ^"""^^ fur-
°;^""' "«ct potenutlrr;;: "^^ «■= ^-^-ts
«f i- iife, when they dwelt „?t.°" '"^ ''^^ *''-"«
Christian nation? Lrtl f "* °^ " ^o^^Ued
■ ■»«» hte Rhodes. He foTT"" "«-'««'
"^fe^nd i„ all di„ctio" i„!*T '''^^""^ Mata-
r ■*»*• So he dXaf I ^"' '■" -•"■
•»Po^«ss himself of rri!rt "" ""^ ""■"'•
^'"•-n Bepublie th?h"l^'^"'* "^ *^ South
~„ofSou;hAfS:'^/°;''f-the
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
liam Reitz, who afterwards became State Sec^tary
of the South African RepubUc: a man esteemed by
all who know him; one of those men of whom we
often read in books, but whom we seldom meet m
real life; a man of superior and noble character,
whose one aim in life is to serve his country: in a
word, a man whom it is a privilege to know. Shortly
after his inauguration as State President, in 1889,
a second co ^arence took place between the Govern-
ments of the two Republics, with the object of estab-
lishing a closer alliance between the two states. The
conference met at Potchef stroom and had a very
different result from the first. The two Republics
bound themselves to come to each other's assistance
in case the independence of either should be wan-
tonly threatened from without. A commercial
treaty was also concluded, estabUshing mutual free
trade, with the exception of the products and other
goods on which the South African Republic was
bound to levy import duties in order to protect the
monopolies which she had granted. An arrange
ment touching the railways, which I had proposed
at the first conference, was now accepted.
In 1888, I again visited Johannesburg, where I
met with a very friendly reception. In the ad-
dresses that were presented to me, I was asked to
establish a municipality and to increase the number
of judicial officers. TY 'st reqi-.est at once
1.
KKUGER-s SECOND PHESIDEXCV
Sfranted by appoint' n •^«<-I
judge for JohannesW (If"!"'"' "' ' »P«'«'
f-JfiUed later). Aft"? ''*°"'"'^» '''«
never ceased thinking hJT^'J. *^'' ^'^'^ I
"^ *« new popolal'^^J ?" "'" ««' «*«»
™t injuring the Kerw ^P"'""***'"". 'vith-
'^-•'of thf oldertr^^ V"^-*'^"* '"e in-
eomplaints of the TTitT 7 ' "'"""■gh all the
«endly hearfnXmTE **^''^' "^^ '^«' «
f>«i ^ceived full p„" ^'ir^' ^^' -inch
«;^*e^or the poplT:;: If 1*;^'^^ «" ''«-
"■oufe* as much waa fi™Dt«l ^'''"*'"''' «nd al-
'«» it wa.. cedent to T^, "' '^""«' "-ertte-
found to give the UitClr^ """" ""•"» »"»* be
Won of the «.«nS it" " ™"« » *- «P«sen.
^'e-J this means .^ the J^' *"*''"«' *«»-
^ott»raad. and it^ I;?*"*? "' « ^^^nd
"««Je myself alone IZ T "'"'' '''" ''»'* I
»«ht he entrust rT''"'' *■»* •» this body
*h we« mainly'f ttew '"::■ '^'^«"'P'". ^tc.
In this manner I ende! ^ *' "^'^ "«>«!».
«^ new popuMtL rrr* t" "'"" *" -^ to
""■edy of t*eir grievances wf J P'^''°t''«on and
P«ve„ted by the CZ' '* ^'^ '^ •>«"
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
ized. My proposal for a Second VolksraaA in-
volved this alteration in the law, that only two years'
registration would be necessary for purposes of nat-
uralization and that the naturalized person would
then have the right to vote for members of the
Second Volksraad and for all officials holding
elective posts, with the exception of the State
President, the Commandant General and the mem-
bers of the First Volksraad. Any person en-
joying this right for two years, therefore, in four
years in all after his registration on the field cornets-
lists as an inhabitant of the Republic, would become
entitled to be himself elected a member of the Second
Volksraad. Ten years later, he was to receive full
burgher rights, that is to say, the same civic rights
as those possessed by the old burghers.
This proposal met with lively opposition, as some
members of the Volksraad looked upon it as a piece
of class legislation, as, in a certain measure, it un-
doubtedly was, while others were of the opinion that
it gave too many rights to the foreigners. The mat-
ter was adjourned in order that the opinion of the
people might be taken. The burghers, however, ap-
proved of the proposal, which was a proof of their
confidence in their President; for I feel sure that
such a proposal would never have been earned if it
had been moved by any other than myself. In re-
198
KBITGEBS SECO.VD PHESIDEXCY
sponse to the public wi* fk i
by • l«r«e m.j„rit! ?* *' '"" "" ■»- Pa»ed.
the Raad. '' '^^ '* *■" "«' '""".I se«io,. „f
*at the Se«,„d V„,l„:^Vt „?„ "°" "" °™'
It ,8 only necessary to s«v thT f '"■'"*""^ "»«•
'■"d to be subnutted t^he a«l ,"""" ^""'^ "
Volk«..ad, the Utter Cv 'T " "^ *' *'-'«
«»ion of the Second V^"^ I """^ "J^"" « "e-
-««' of theXr^l":\"T''' '"' » «■«
mmmg rights of an est,f. -.l «™"' *'
'e-n. who h«, leZi 5't^'*:;' ™- "do. to .
It must not be f„. ^ ^"^ "«'>ts.
«ons of the l^tilT ";'*'' "«" *ese altera-
B". » incident tad * . ***' ""'^ " »«« »'-
character ve^ n^^t^T "' •^<*-"«''"« of a
I ».3 going to Wf pIT ""1*° *= ''-«hers.
to meet the High ^ll ' °" *' ^^"^ B'-er,
j-i>a„d ,uei'~rrd*r'^'°'"'^
Johannesburg, where «, , ' ^ '*°PP^ "*
'"Vitsgrietnirr •nw'"''"''" """'
»*ie for n,e to concede aHth" ■ u " """*' ™P<«-
ncedealUhe wishes of these people
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUG^R
on the spot. One of the deputation threw the re-
proach in my face that I treated the new popula-
tion with contempt. I angrily answered:
" I have no contempt for the new population, but
only for men like yourself."
In the evening, a riot took place in front of Mr.
van Brandis's house, where I waa staying: tlie flag
of the Republic was pulled down and torn to pieces.
It is easy to see that this provoked the old population
ahnost kyond endurance, but I quieted them by say-
ing that the inhabitants in general were loyal bur-
ghers and that the scandal must be laid to the charge
of a few rioters. When I met the High Commis-
sioner at Norval's Point, he spoke to me of the riot
at Johannesburg, and I said:
" Yes, Sir Henry; you see, those people remind
me of a baboon I once had, which was so fond of me
that he would not let any one touch me. But one
day we were sitting roimd the fire, and unfortu-
nately the beast's tail got caught in the fire. He now
flew at me furiously, thinking that I was the cause
of his accident. The Johannesburgers are just like
that. They have burnt their fingers in speculations
and now they want to revenge themselves on Paul
"ruger."
A fresh occasion for provoking foreign hatred
against me presented itself at the time of the sep-
tennial commemoration of the Declaration of Inde-
200
Pendence at P«arfe Kraal r j
some thou«,nd, of peoDle'in Tt " '°"« 'J^* ^
*• People of tte iZ 1 m""'"* "^ •>«""••
'T. you foreigner, ' ^e„ '*''"' "^ **" ~"»-
«"-'ve, and mu:de;^p,""'-«"»'". y"- even you
TAe Uitlandera. who were al»
'« invent grievances a<f«,n»t « T' ™ *'" ""'el.
Gover^nent. were fX .Uh' "^f "' ""• «■«
A«d that r had «.«ed th m ,h "''''*''• »<' ^e-
"»■•<* was, of cou,^ anl r"''"'''»"'^e«".
-■'•*ed to say that I calL " ""' «=■ ^ Merely
«>-es and murde^rf t^ere'"" ""^"^y- --
»««»», to humble tiel^r T"* ""y """^ » the
*ow.ed«e the wond:^1:'2^"« V ""^ ">
"» people of the Kepublie Tf "■ "^"^^^ ««'
«yed in these words it ,n ,1 "^ ™"'* '^'^ «>n-
"M - to the new ^^^ '"^ " "»«* *» «>e
* took the trouble ttti' "' ""^ ^"^'"'e person,
^^''^-pe^,.,,r*;,7t:^in Of thought,
''Cr:reerr-'"~'™-«'whi<*
'»°««it„theBep„bhe b„ '"Tf"' '"""^^'^ >-
%«1 Co™nnssio„ of isw p *'*™ ^™"' « >>y the
» l»iuided on every sidrK .^ '^ "" *e east, it
f»*. Some of Se tr^^ '"t '""* African Re-
f-urgbers had obtained crtam
I*
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
concessions from the Swazi king, Umbandine.
Other persons, mostly adventurers, demanded simi-
lar concessions, and were so great a nuisance and
annoyance to the King that he asked the British
Government to send him an adviser. No time was
lost in complying with his request, as this would
bring Swaziland v ithin the sphere of British influ-
ence. Oify Si.epstone, son of the Sir Theophilus
Shepstone who an^aexed the Republic in 1877, was
appointed adviser to Umbandine by the High Com-
missioner. But the confusion in the land grew
worse and worse, till at last the real government of
the country was handed over to a kind of committee
consisting of Boers and Englishmen. It was ob-
vious that such a condition of things could not last.
and Sir Hercules Robinson did not appear at all
averse to the annexation of the country by the Re-
public. Needless to say that this arrangement did
not suit the Jingoes and " humamtarians " in Eng-
land; so the British Government decided to dispatch
Sir Francis de Winton as a special envoy to look
into the affairs of Swaziland. ^
General Joubert had an interview, on behalf o.
the South African Republic, with Sir Francis de
Winton, at which he explained the reason why
the Transvaal Government desired to incorporate
Swaziland with the Republic. After the British
Government had received dt Winton's report, the}
202
««^OEHS SKCOXO PHKSmEXcv
«>nimusioned Sir H.„ ,
'mor of Cpe c„W ?„ ^'^' «'« "e^ Gov.
mode, „„ ^„ •' Bl'gnaubpont. and
■•^ 'o the ,„c„rpo„H!„ !f ? ''"'•"""'-' 'o
."■<= HepuWie had aC^:^""""". -«. which
™8- Sir Henry Loch h? ^. '" "" "»de«t«,d-
»'-'«'•'. the eon Jto^tte tot.'" •"' •»"" t"
• "-'way Which Xatal f^- ^ '" '" " «"•""- ^or
« Johannesburg in o^^r ! "t . *° ■""■" »» ^"
f«" South AtLn ^1 ° '""^ -"»•" • sen-
'"•" to the prnpoli^/"™-™""- ' -""W not
-t >-ause I L^„;;^d :„^"-«' -»t„m,.u„io„;
"y fet audition w« Z.v° l:!f ""'' "•" **'"««
P«t «"t. euston.a-unionXV""""' '"' ' P"'*'
;«y scheme, not on any sBcc^, ^ "^"^ *o the rail-
''»«» to t„.t thi. r. ,:!;"*' ■""««• B"' I de.
f-ly different quLZ"":"" " ~"<«"™ ■-
f tariff question.rjri"" '""■ "«"" *«
*^ P-t myself i„ eon^l^T""^ "•'" I should
«"=» Govermnent .IT f '"" '''*'' «■« P°rtu-
f-^ndinghct.^;" '^ " t:«^y "isted an un-
'» f«rt. the Portuguel Go' '" °" ""^ '"W-t-
""■«' to build .he^l!:;~' "'«' only deter-
to Joham,esbur« should be
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGEK
buUt that would be shorter th»n the DeUgoa
Line. The outcome of the conference was that the
High Commissioner agreed to draft a deed which
he was to submit to me. At the same time he ex-
pressed the wish that Dr. Leyds. who was present
at the negotiations, should remain behind and be
present also at the drafting of the document in order
to explain it, should it be necessary to throw addi-
tional light upon any particular point for my
beneftt. He was then to sign a deckration that he
had been present at the drafting of the dwd. There-
upon the conference broke up.
Shortly afterwards Sir Henry Loch sent me his
^Iraft proposals, containing the following main
points:
Swaziland to be governed in common; the Re-
public to receive permission to build a railway as far
as Kod Bay. A strip of land, three miles broad,
was ceded to her for this purpose. But the British
Government retained the protectorate over this dis-
trict and over Kosi Bay as well: a condition which
made the acceptance of the offer by the Republic
impossible from the commencement;
The Transvaal, besides, to receive permission to
annex a small piece of land, the so-called Little
Free State, situated between the Republic and
Swaziland.
Sir Henry Loch insisted that this was the under-
204
""^n* at which he h^l .^- j
•SWement. Both Dr ijf? *"" " P~°' »' hi.
««- right, undJTt m:!';""' ""^'^- Of
JJhortJy after, Jan vr^r
■- "^r to medUti'^.f ^t' ""' '^ ^'^™-
S"«il«d Convention ;r*JL""'*"'*' *^ «"'
•"-y that the Hen„bJ^f!r'''P°"- ^«*«»
*"'«<': n.y, ^e C'f^'T''"' "^-^ li"Ie heneflt
■«»* ««i north-we^ Irr *' "«"™' ■■» the
"""""on with N.tri Md h '^ °^ ' '"'""^y
^»-> h.nd-,0^ 1'"'^ "« """^ «« Cecil
•"ftebestofherabilT ^ '"'^'^ Comply
*««».« we ZT^t;^ *"«"«'• Thisl^'eoJ
oilti... "•" "* '*'«'■• ««ve „■« to great diffi.
Tie VoIfarMd accepted the ,»»
P^^ed it, regret .7^, ■ "«"«»»'. but ex-
"""""I -"^on^odation wU^t, '»*' "^"^ "^
y^ on the part of Ent. . '"''""= """^ »"
'"^ ■^'e of «C.^^^Tr^„ ^.« -«»fac.
^ ^"ig irom this agreement
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
lasted until 1898, when a second Swa "'and Coii^-en-
tion was concluded.
Two events occurred during my '.cond prjsi-
dency which called forth great opposition against
myself. The first of these was the Adendorff trek;
the second a conference on church matters. The
Adendorff trek had its origin in a concession which
a certain Adendorff and Mr. B. Foster, jun., had
obtained in Banjailand and which they vainly en-
deavored to sell to Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes declared
that the concession was illegal, whereupon its own-
ers resolved to trek to the territory which had been
leased to them. The High Commissioner and
Rhodes both opposed this trek, as they considered
that it endangered the interests of the Chartered
Company, and they asked me, in accordance with
the Swaziland Convention, to forbid the trekkers to
carry out their project. I immediately published
a declaration against the trek and issued a procla-
mation in which the burghers throughout the coun-
try were strictly forbidden to take part in it. Any
one disobeying the proclamation was threatened
with the utmost rigors of the law. A section of the
burghers openly protested against this proclama-
tion, and, although I knew that it was likely to cost
me some of my popularity, I was in honor bound
to observe the decisions of the Swaziland Convention,
little though they appealed to me. How dear this
206
™ny other «„eva„*» 2;°^"'* •'""^''t „p
I had prevented the 1h ? ""' *" '''«* «>at
to vote for my „pp„„e„tr Th" ^' °' """'^^^
"^•f *e that followed, ml„, f"""' ""''• ■" «■«
«Poke against the proilaT J """■" »«»'»«
»- Acting President of ^t ^IT' """ "«■
"«*;»""•. after n.y departj„ f! ^:'"" ""'"K «>e
'-ally, however, the Vo^feZTd """P*- E™""
»;"«»> and nothing ean,e ^ l""""'"' ""= P««'-
f" "^'-ns due. to f g™ :' *: -'■"'e movement,
•" -= tte burgher ^n r*''" "^ »deav„„
«»d persuade them fLToi •'^' ''*'"""" ^ ""^d.
A* *e same time ftT, T'"^ *^' '"^
7*r these diffi™ e*" „«! ^-''c had to en-
"^ «"«e in regart to eh? f ""^ !""'■'■«• 9""-
/fterthewarofisitf'"'"^"-
»'y of »n«>Hdationr^;. ";*''^" ^^" *« neces-
rf ' -- « union ZZnT'^' """^"- »<» *«
*<'-«..*.G.r./o.^^;*^f 7«m<;. and the
'■•"gelieal ehu„h eon^nt ^^^'^ ^« ««-«i
•" » "ember, had tla^f I^""-". of which I
"-^---otdS?:^,Xf;r"--
207 ^^ ^"^r-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
rels. Shortly after the union, fresh differences of
opinion arose, and several burghers, whose leader
was Christian Joubert, wished to have no more to
do with the union and decided to remain in the Her-
vormde Church. Others followed later on, and their
leader was A. D. W. Wohnarans, who was at that
time in Europe as a delegate. Difficult questions
naturally arose regarding the right of ownership
to church property, for the members who separated
from the Hervormde Church laid claims to its prop-
erty, as did those who remained faithful to the
union. It is not surprising that this situation gave
rise to bitter disputes and many quarrels.
In order to put a stop to thes > kerings, I sent
a circular note to the pastors ant 's of the dif-
ferent parties, inviting them to a conference at
which an attempt would be made to remove these
difficulties. It took place, in 1891, in the House of
the Second Volksraad, I myself presidmp. All pa-
ties were represented. In my opening speech, 1
asked them to look upon me, not as the State Presi-
dent, but as a brother and fellow-Christian, anxious
to do my share to put an end to the unhappy state
of things by removing the cause of quarrel. I tned
hard to restore the union, thinking that, by douig
so, I should succeed in heaUng the breach. But .
soon became obvious that my attempts were doomea
to failure, and I accordingly passed on to the ques-
208
*ion of the riirh* <•
forts ,„^:,f,P-J^;^- B"the..t<„,,„
'uta of the vexed ,„eZ„ u ' ""^ »«rf«cto:y ».
^^ Although I :.a«;CS;r •""" ™'^«' »*•
"■e Vst intentions it Z *" «">fe'*nce with
" --Pon .g.inst-;!;" "r""^" ^"""oy*-* -
Poached at the next p^m- TT""' ' "" «"
on autocrat and with Iv """■"" «"■«■ being
«"if:-"--"eh:;:::s*°'"'^*--ve^
'-47e::''TSter""-''--"«.e.„,.
'■" *« field: my^lfVr '"'"*""** «"'*dates
'^°'^e,-anditp„^^' i/^^'' «»<' Chief J„J^
«'' though whieh the d"*"**^"™' »«rug-
«iu«ndering the national "° 7 '"'*'^''"'=- "f
n«to and privileges "noT^''' "^ ^^'"^ «»ay all
»f a-«fing a« thHCo':? f «"■--<- and
B«P"«.ehes upon 1^1 *' HoMa^ders.
'«•■■« the op;,sitioriur. t ^^^ '■"'«»
*? back one's thoughts to LZ " P'""'""* *"
■*»' men in the Hem.M ™^' ''''» 'he two
^ -f only the ten^'^^tr^-'^-^- Mac:
«' "« had been based up^rtnl '^'*''"'' «™»
'-e been worthy to en W ^ ' ?*" "' "' -""'d
* f»r another Lj"' "" ~"''''="« of the peo-
209
.z.__
1^-
CHAPTER XI
THIRD PRESIDENCY;
1898-1 fioo
1893-1898
Ill^
ytM;'*
CHAPTER XI
The T. Presidency; 1898-1898
^ne Transvaal V-*{„„ , .^ ^°
T"^ "^*°'*">- election „„,
^'nger .
Joubert .
Chief Justice KoU'
7,854 votes
7,009
81
':<"^-'^ met, „„ TeTl 7 M^'""- ^» the
;;^»*in. of th^ „i lts;.r^"- "^ '
, , "^ '»"'«, was appointed t. i, u '^""""'ere and
1':
THE ME-.IOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
expired on the 5th of May. The majority of the
committee wer. of opinion that the election had been
legally conducted. Nevertheless the minority handed
in their own report recommending a new election.
The Volksraad, on the other hand, accepted the re-
port of the majority by 18 votes to 8, with the result
that, on the 12th of May 1898, I was installed as
State President for the third time. After being
swon? in, I once more addressed the people, this time
from the balcony of the new Government Buildings,
while the public stood crowded in large nimlers in
the Church Square in front. I exhorted the burghers
to remain unanimous, spoke a word of greeting to
the women of the country and, lastly and particularly,
admonished the children, with whom the future lay.
to continue true to their mother tongue.^ Combined
1 This admonition was uttered especiaUy in connection with the edu.a-
«„ni ref^ms which had been introduced in the previous year and whuh
wlb^dT;:,XHnciplethat theDutch U^^^
as the educational medium.
The portion of Kruger's speech to which he refers, ran as follows:
"Dear children, you are the ones upon whom the State President
.eep^^L eye. for'lL our future Chuf -d S^,*-", .^Jg^t bit.
when all the old people are gone, you w.11 be ^he^Chui^h and SU .
if you depart from the truth and stray, then you w.U »»«« J""": ' .,
Unce. sETd firm by God's Word in which yj"' P^-;*«^^^ ^;i
..T, Tyivp that Word. I shall endeavor with all my migni I"
'Z2^ ^:^fh::iZt let you receive a Chrisjian^^^— ^ ^ ^^^
you may both religiously and socially become useful ""^^^ f ^^"j^,,
Ld SUte. and I trust that the teachers and ^-^^^jll^^'^cU.
best. It is a great privilege that your 00™^^^^"^^^ enjoy.
tian education, and you are «^«y P"^'^«!f '" ^^"f/to e tend " -
Christian education, and not you alone for the object s to e .
that every one may have the opportunity of receivmg it and
214
«•«•« ever dearer and T* ^*'''^ *"«! Praye^ to r^ "' '"""" ^od
"•ntainsthereliKion^f T"' '^^^ther, ^^1^ nu.''^ *'"' "'^e
indifferent to y^TZ ^''"' '^»«father,. And ?h„ r' """' '"«' '^hiol.
'-ther, and inZlrlTtTT' ^°" «"«> become ..diff' ''>«" become
"«en you w.„ ^„ ^.^^ *° *'"' Bible and indiff^, ^t to"*"* '" ^""^ f--
Dutch Bible anTofyo™^;^^*""''^'^-"'' y""-^^
'"'th wonders anrf ^ ""*"<?''">. which God con fl ^ Posterity of your
"-ted in vl'at,,";"^'"- Stand firm theTrtf ^^''"''''-^»"'e
" » « ^ thinly w'' 7""' '«'"f"«Ke. y^^r^iS** ^r "''«" not be
^-' neighbors Xjrom "'f '-'^.a^^Hp^S; t^r' "''■'^'°-
f^ffe be a second I. ^"" '"»''« mott to do-T f ■ " '""SUa^e of
- this Poi„trd'not""s3 '" r- ^^ to Gc^ th"a yo'""^ ^*^"'"^" '^n-
«d then posterity wnUr* '^ *''"* "'«' ^ord may ,el7 "^''^"'^ «""
ty w.Ii honor you fo, yo„ loj' '""°"«^''* >°".
It was just the two points „f •
President Burners h«w ■ '"'^'^ touched unon in ♦•.-
d'afted in isrTLd t?""**^ '■» the educ^t^lf /''" "^^^^ which
Volksn«d to pass H ^^ *'"' «'" "^ ^is ew"!' 'T /"''h he had
"•tion. HehS„L. . '''*' "PP""*^ to the S * ^^ ^"'^"'^ed the
^""nded. A„^ *'°'';'"^ the religious bash u^Tv r^'^"°"« "^ the
P'^adforittiththe "*"'•"• '-Wverrr'''?;*''"^«<^'"oolswere
After the wlVofir7*'"°""'"'«ton>. remain '/ """ "«* «W«^ to
"t Whose head Kr^i.'"^*'^'"^*°«' «"« «; the I,f * "^"^ '*'"•='■•
t'onai iaw tl^t ^h TJ ''*°*^ *» Vice-President '"'"'' "^ *''« '«««noy
;^;j-tho:^:f h':^r:j t? -• -^ -rwiiLrx--"^^^^^^
-^^^i^d t f-trns'of rr ^^^^^^
»« passed byXv^""*«"'^«nt of Education ^/'r '''■• '^" Toit.
'"^•J.theexecuton ,"^ '» ^^S^. but akh„ k ^'^"^ "'"'^ >-hich
«»'d-fields'a„"d't;: "flf "l '" "«- ••" '«"? The d ' r"""'*" *''- -'
"Pon the powers aL 1 ""^ ^'n'^ants at that H '^^^*''«Pn'ent of the
"-"te as^mucTc ^e to h"*"K "' ''^ ^o^e t ^thTtt '"''' '^'^^'^'^
":"' of Director of £l %'^'"^'« »^ 't would have w?k!1""' """'"^ to
""'• ''hen a ne^ hoi ?*"'" '"""""ed vacanrfn "**• ^"*^ *'« the
'-P'e into dii^e;' '^.-^^''^^^Post was lo:^:' Z SZ' ""'^- ^«-
""' part- determined them 'not ,^«- "^ the
gJ5 «*'n to appoint
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
heavy floods. The rivers rose higher than had been
known within human memory and did enormous
damage.
In the year preceding the election of 1898, which
an ecclesiMtic. Professor M.nsvelt. the Profeswr of Modem L.nKU.geH
at SteUenbosch. wa. therefore approached. He at «'«; «fused bu .
when again called upon and after a perwn.l 'nt^'v'^/"*' the President,
accept^ at the end of IH91. After he had satisfied himself by a lonK
journey of inspection as to the condition of the «:hoo!5 throughout the
i-ount,y. he drafted a new law with the assistance cf a committee ap-
pointed by the Volksraad for that purpose. The law ^*as first submitted
to the people and afterwards passed unanimously by the Volksraad
In thTmain polnU. the outlines of the law of IHHi were preserved, but
in certain respects the new law was a great improvement and advan.c
uDon t. • old. President Kruger took part personally In all the delibera-
tions; most of the sittings were even held In his house. He had orw-
„all" entertained misgivings as to three points in Pa^ cular. The .o-
Zased sUte grants caused him to fear lest private intUtive should b.
relaxed and the duty incumbent upon Christian parente transferred to the
state He had seen in his own church how the heavy burdens which .t
owed" towards the sUte ' had strengthened ite r«.dlness to perform
acU of self-sacrifice. Bu. was at last obliged to adm^ that the per-
ception of the necessity for supplying the best possible educatK,n to the
chSdren of a people that was called upon to hold its own in the .nhen-
Lce of its fathers against a great European Influx was not yet suifi-
TnUy general to aUow him to act in accordance with his ideal.st.c v.ews.
Mo^'ve"^. model schools were required, and higher schools for the tra.n-
S ci^il servants out of the children of the country, and this neces ■
U^ financial sacrifices that could not be borne by private individuals
aS^so now. as again later, the President accepted the position, without
in anv wav surrendering his principle.
He Z enterUined misgivings regarding the demand of a .ene^
proof of the possession of a certain degree of qualification amon, t
tl^he^. for he thought that this showed ingratitude towards the ol
S^S who had given their services almost gratuitously to the Ij.
ITpeo^le in bad times and who would now have to be d— "
objeJS^n was settled by a compromise, by wh^ ^''^^'^'^/..It^tTf
was allowed to continue in the " Outer " or Boer Schools, at least
thev were able to satisfy modest requirements. . , „h.
* S^elhird point against which President Kruger at «rst rajse^^n b-
jection was the subsidy to the higher girls' schools. He eard t
this would result in changes and revolutions m the life of the people.
216
^HUGEH's THIRD PHESIDEXcY
Placed me for the thin! ♦• ^"^^CY
-Hich h«, .w, .^„ ,, ""' "'^"^nce upon the
tended to the «<m-« J!,7'p ' '"*«'w«'d«. it waThr^ ^''""- »"» he
^"^ State Gym^;"^ *;'«;m>„iv„ the admr,„o„ 'T?"*'"' '«•«'"'-
inverted to these refot J'*' r'^" *"'* '"' "ddre^ "7,"' *'"' «»•»«
£«"-:s^.r,trd~r^^^^^^^^ '-r -^ -
• fe* KnKJi5h «-hoora!j\r V ' °^^'^'^' "n the Nf J"r ^ '""' "'^ hi,
«'*' hi« protection atV?. ^"^ """'i-hing German ' V?"""^ '**»-'. ""d
•"d the poiitZ n '"^'^ *«» "t"« use ofth^\ ^ P^s'dent ww that
'" «" anti-nationaj 11"";' /"'*''«' '"aintena^el^fjri"'**'''" '^th
*hooi«.he gave S^, '^ ' "^"P"" hi, objection '"*'* ""-ducted
-'o^thesSe^'UTrt"h* "^ '''•^--''°nf u.ti:.r"''?*^' *- «*«^
«*"«« their childr;„ eTthe, ! ""'""^ '"habitant, of Jh''' -"^ °*"* «* *'«=
.The only duty piCJriJSr r'*"""'^"""' Payment T"-"''''''' "•"'«!
'"'tniction in theTn ^ "'*'** "'"hools wa^C ''''^ """»" fees
J-. t:,ere wet t^^^J^ -"^'^-d^^atTe eTpT^^^^^^^^ ^-
h'dren, each of whom ,*''"« schools, with 4.. 7 ''?'""°'' of two
«•• enjoyed adva„i;:i*f*^»*«tei:..^,;,^*,'^ * teachers and ,.«9
ff^t. moreover, thar^. p '^ ''" *" t''""* of the wh , '^"^ '''e Eng-
"•e Dutch lan^uat ,tuW t!'*'"* """^«^ "ever ^Te I' ^ •"«"-• Th^e
medium merely sfow.X k """"t-'ned as the^^e a„H ,'""''''''' *''«*
Preservation of the nr^on ' . ^* "'^' «" did others the " "^ *^"™«on«'
™"»olidation of a nation "*^" ^"' *»•« indepl„de„t j'*'"""^ ''f "-e
"""eh had to hold ZT' ^T'^'^^ «"*''' « nati^ «!!. '"''"'""'"ent «nd
Education made such ''erwhelming foreign
'o«««Pple, suchwa I .. education in the SouTh *I ""'^ *^''"''' °' the
l^^'t'-uous droughts r^«-d population. Ka^:*^^^^^^ ^^P"'"- had
'-^n ^dUi^^^""' '^' ""derpest and so onl^L^^T^ "^ '«borers.
^'^t* htfu> Editor of th»
217
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRU9ER
fate of the Transvaal. This was the so-called
"Transvaal National Union," which made it its
business to keep the Johannesburg population in a
state of constant ferment and to manufacture com-
plaints against the Government. Every method of
agitation was put into force by these gentry for the
furtherance of their intrigues. Apparently they
were agitating for the franchise; but their real ob-
ject was a very different one, as will be seen. That
Rhodes's influence was here, too, paramount was
proved by later events.
The seditious spirit which actuated the National
Union stood cleariy and distinctly revealed at the
very first opportunity; and this came during the
Kaffir War in the Blue Mountains. The Republic,
at that time, had to contend against constant diffi-
culties with the Kaffir tribes in the North. To-day
it was this one, to-morrow that other, that assume.!
an insolent attitude towards the Government. At
last, one of their chiefs, by name Malapoch, wh..
lived in the Blue Mountains, behaved so outrageously
that the Government was compeUed to send a com-
mando against him. His audacity had gone so far
as to order a number of his subjects, who lived m
the plains round about the Blue Mountains, to be
murdered, because they had paid taxes to the Gov-
ernment of the RepubUc in accordance with their
lawful obligations.
218
KRCGERS THIRD PRESIDKXCV
General Joubert colleete.! th.
young men „f cou«e inol.T *'''"'*'•''• Th«e
■non, with the «reale,t »!»„ ! '"'''■""«'<'» »".«-
These, a, "Briti,,, ,u,,j
"■»h too grand to «„ht fotT . *^' """"''"^^»
English clergy dy aft , . 1 1'?''^ «'*"• I''-
°f «l>e« young men bv ^ T '"'"'' ""'""'<'»
";« «eld^rne? ": d^.^" ^'^ ^' ""'•
P««nee with ArtiCe 3 „f7r '''"'"'• "' """-
•oa-sttherecale a tf rl JT'"^ "' '''■"•
««. the Chief Justice and d "f *'"' ' """P'"""
»™et be ordered t^ve th f' """ ""= '■■^'"-
'o-ever, decided that hev *"°"'- '^'"= ">"',
»'*eseth.ey„„„;;::-~%^to^^^^^
gher escort to the comr« ^ * """^^^ « ^"r-
;'0; possible attempt t':!^"'*' ""' -"e
Tke insolence of these n^ . CJovemment.
'e'»ible,ifith^„X^,P^P'7°"W be in»mp„.
^W them. The BrittT^ "'''"""' '^'«' »-
;»«- Of the occur^nc tnd ::::r'„""' "'""'"
'» Pretoria to discuss the ! """■»' Loci,
"^W ot the Rep^" '■' ""*"" »"«> 'he Goven,.
any p„«,n not ye. enjoying fu„
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUQER
burgher rights might be released from military ser-
vice on the payment of a certain smn of money.
Shortly afterwards, Sir Henry Loch came to Pre-
toria. On his arrival, the English behaved m the
most disorderly fashion and, as soon as the Governor
and I were seated in the carriage, the Jingoes took
out the horses and drew us to the Transvaal Hotel,
singing the usual English satirical ditties as they did
so. One of the ring-leaders jumped on the box wav-
ing a great Union Jack. On arrivmg in front of the
Transvaal Hotel, they stopped the carriage and read
an address to Sir Henry Loch. A number of Trans-
vaal burghers, seemg what was going c . drew the
carriage, in which I had remained seated alone, to
the Government Buildmgs. I need not say that this
incident made a very bad impression on the minds ol
the burghers and added new fuel to the already ex-
isting dislike of the EngUsh. The Volksraad was
sitting at the tune and passed a resolution asking the
Government for an explanation why no measures
were taken to prevent an exhibition so offensive to
the people of the Republic. Soon after, a number
of burghers assembled in the town, having come up
determined to prevent a repetition of these insults.
Meantune, the so-called National Union continued
their work. They invited Sir Henry Loch to visit
Johannesburg; for they were fully aware that it
would be much easier to provoke a riot there than
220
at -fretona. What fi,««
difflcultie, which ^uiTlf n """ '""^ -^'^ t° 'he
Henry Loch-, ^^"^ "^ necesaty arise f„„ sir
^ »«* e.n.e^y „^, to^Tt"*' ««' -"ivi^
" *<> My to him, in ri ^- I e;en went so far
rest entirely with him R^I """'««'"'. must
P»P«ed visit to JohannJ,^7^;'»"f -ed <■"
attitude was, i„ fact, Derf«-i " "'"'e public
■■e «et in sec^t? m^Tv"^" ^-'howdid
«>««d that the vilt T : ^•*''""' Union dis-
.•^e place, they sent H^^"""* -- "ot to
»>8 Tudhope and I T ^ 'nembers, includ-
W-ed the most ins^^,^" ^"^ '^'^«» con-
Government .„d tr^^LTT*"""' "»"-' «>e
■» «^ri«e to th«^ °^T^ B"' this caused
public Sir Hem/Lc,," . ''' »""»• 1«
•^ «^ their co^h^"" "^^^ tte deputation
™«i- In sec«t he asked S °" *^ ^''^■
'^ ■»<«* ammmution th ? 5°'' """^ "«e, and
■"O W ,„„^ th7"^,'««' "' Johannesburg,
""'"ent, unit, waTrbfeto "' *«'^'' *« «ov
Ywrr'"^™»~""""'"'^
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUQER
Lies, treachery, intrigues and secret instigations
against the Government of the Republic: these have
always been distinguishing marks of English politics,
which found their final goal m this present cruel war.
If, encouraged by the question, which amounted al-
most to a suggestion, the Johannesburgers did not
rise there and then, this is owing only to the fact that
they were without rifles and ammunition. But it is
not d^cult to trace the consequences of this advice
in the events which, soon afterwards, ensued.
I have been obliged to anticipate, in order to give
a connected picture of the nature and aims of the
National Union; but events of great importance in
foreign poUtics had taken place in the meantime. In
1898, the second Swaziland Convention was con-
eluded. In this connection, a conference was held
at Colesberg between the High Commissioner and
myself: it led to no result, but was followed by a
second conference at Pretoria. Here came Sir
Henry Loch, with his wife, his two daughters and a
numerous staff, and was given a brilliant reception.
Judging by the festivities held m Sir Henry's honor,
an uninitiated observer would have thought that a
solemn welcome was being offered to a true f nend
and ally of the Republic. The arrangement which
was soon made was not of a nature to give nse to
much rejoicing; but it was the best we could obtain.
The chief points were:
222
Tu « PRESIDENCY
^ne Republic receiver? fK
treaty with the Queen of th« "*^^* *° ^"^'»de a
^rainty and right 0^^, ^^'"^^'^ **^ ^'"^^h the su-
«epubho, wh,Ieteltt:rrr°" '^ *° ^''^
^ereJeft to the Queen an7h. ' "^ *^^ ^^^^
Repubhc. ^"^ ^ ^«nn a part of the
"<!«• that they .p^,;:; "^^^ ™ «"« Bepublie, p„,.
The Dutch and Engl^' i*^"" •"*» »« ""nths.
«i"^ rights in the wtt!r^^ ""^ *° «W
-«-"^^^ZSST^he,„„„„.
vention, „f her cW^ on «^ ^ «''««'»<' Con-
•»J -rth-west of tie c^::^" *'*"* '•" ^ north
^« against our t«km<, J'^ * "^ ""'""S the
•7. « we were to do in ^L^''"™ "^ *«> «>un.
'■■"■• This oppo«ttn Jri«"«f ?■«■ »■« "-nven-
.^fhyaUsortsof Erjrr"'*"' '»'' »'«»«*''-
'"^•""ne a certain Hultf TT"'^^™*^''.
:^'W- The Utter pe^l^, ^^^"^ ""« fron,
fPutation to En«l^T ^""^^ «° «nd a
^ "f their countStt^^T*^ ''«'^»' «"« *™«-
'^'^^Pu..«on«Se::„?if''^.«'«fPubhc.
223 result. Since, however.
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRU^ER
nothing but feuds and quarrels arose in Swaziland
and since, under existing conditions, it was impos-
sible for the South African RepubUc to suppress
them, an unbearable situation arose and a new meet-
ing accordingly took place between Su: Henry Loch
and myself at Volksrust, in 1894. at which a new,
or third. Swaziland Convention was concluded, giv-
ing the Republic the rigii'c to take over Swaziland,
without, however, making it an integral portion of
this (Country. But for this restriction, Swaziland now
praaicaUy formed part of the Republic. This con-
vention was accepted by the Volksraad in an extraor-
dmary session, in 1895, and thus this troublesome
matter was settled.
We had hardly time to breathe after these diffi-
culties about the native territories, when England
suddenly annexed Sambaanland and Umbigesaland.
The RepubUc had long had treaties of friendship
with both these countries and, during the time of the
SwazUand negotiations, it had always been taken for
granted that the Republic would later, as soon as
the Swaziland question was settled, put forward her
claims over the two countries and treat with England
for their annexation. Nevertheless, as soon as the
Volksraad had ratified the Swaziland Convention, m
1J95, England suddenly annexed the temtones m
question, although she had no more claim upon them
than upon the moon. The object of this proceeding
224
KHUGEK-S THIRD PHESIDENCV
«" only have b«„ to ve^ »„, ,.
for. by acting „ .he did K„ . f^ *" K^P-fcle:
Ad not r.q„i„. It "^^ o;Uet .hieh E„g,»d
P-blie p„t«t^ f^ >"««»•» «.yin« that the Be-
-"^^did^^ott^uMeVeirr-"' ■"" ^"-
opened at Pretorf,. ^f * * *°* *^ ''"» solemnly
•■•d «t last been compt^^ Tf '^™"^"' **' ^'
^ «>e goven^ent, of SouT :f? "^ ''""P^y-
""ted at the inaugmation , ^.f ""* ''"* ^P'e.
f O-OOO to enableTrXl „7°""''^ ™'«'
"^nselves of this priviler?" "^ «^ *» avaU
■^ i^peet the wh* woA 0^"'' *" "'^"^ ^"^
"ere thus enabled to becom^ ^'"'"'«°d, of burghera
^^^^dtoapp^i^tir^r;""""'*^--
■-[^joyed a monS^ty^',:"'- 1 "^"^^ ^^^^
f^ffitate friendly^r^,"'"' '"'"«'• I" o*r to
'"•te proportion oraCr ""' "^ *™« «" «d-
^ tte largest city Vl^'^r ""^ "'''''"'y *"»=
f^Po^ed that the p^fit „!r '"• ""^ «"-"«»»*
-■-rer traffic sho^j ^ Xi^^''-' «°f »d pas-
"•"n the three States T ^"'^ '*'"^ <«-
States whose railway-ii„es ran to
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Pretoria. These three were Cape Colony, Natal, and
the Transvaal. Cecil Rhodes, who was then for the
second time Premier of Cape Colony, and his ad-
visers thought differently. They asked for 50 per
cent, for Cape Colony, leaving the remaining 60 per
cent, to he divided between Natal and the Transvaal.
The Government of the Republic would not hear of
this proposal, and a tariff war ensued.
The Cape Government lowered their tariff as far
as Vereeniging, the frontier station between the
Orange Free State and the Transvaal (the Free
State raUways were at that time still under the con-
trol of the Cape Government) . The South African
RaUway, on the other hand, raised its tariff on its
own portion of the line, running from Vereeniging
to Johannesburg, in order to neutralize the reduction
m prices on the other portion. The Cape Govern-
ment now thought out a new plan. In order to avoid
sending their goods over the expensive stretch of
line, they had them unloaded at Vajoensdrift, in
order to convey them thence to Johannesburg in ox-
wagons. Now the customs laws of the Republic con-
tained a clause by virtue of which the President was
enabled to proclaun certain places on the f rontien
as " impori; ports "; while no goods could be imported
except at places thus proclaimed. When, therefore,
the Cape Government caused their goods to be car-
ried in ox-wagons, the Government of the Republic
226
^ iWIKD PRESIDENCY
'f°«'t'<» WM directed o,Jv',„ '^'''™n«t proc-
noUted. This Conveni,^ Convenb„„ had bru,
<»«Jing to which r^wr ~"*^"' " ^'«"« «c-
■"potation of thft '^"^ f'*«'«J. unless the
"u«tjy was also fo.bX'^* ^«»» »y other
fore, h«I violated the Co2 . ^^^'^''- t^ere-
^^«™«d Cape Co o5": B^"' ~* « she
«« Orange F,^ state w T^ ^^»'°°. «nd
countries over the Z She ' '^'^' ""-^^ «■«
"^^ier decision, o^L^ J"""' ""'^ ««>« with-
f forbidding th It^f :!^ *' °*°™ ■»«-"«
«»"«1 "««onhad i^ntlv! '^ Gove™„,e„t. A
•»" ae same Gove^™?. '" "^ » ^"«i»d,
** «t the time of ^W "" "" '»''« ««" Md
7««.emberof thisc::^'"; ^'^ ^'■»"«^'«m
^"-oep^pa^tosendttTS! M ""'"^"""e.
«= ^^^, however Sft^^JlJ.-^^r*--
227 uitimatiun Jed
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRU(?ER
to a war, Cape Colony should bear half the cost, raise
a force of auxUiaries and lend her railway for the
free carriage of troops. To the shame be it spoken
of the Afrikanders who had seats in the Mmistrj-,
they agreed to this suggestion forthwith. The Re-
public received her ultimatum and was, of course,
obliged to give way and to undertake not to close
the drifts again.
The most striking event during my third presi-
dent^ was Dr. Jameson's filibustering expedition, an
enterprise of which the responsibility does not rest
with Dr. Jameson. It is true that Mr. Chamberlain,
at the time of the raid, declared that he knew nothing
of the whole conspiracy. Later, however, it was
shown that the British Govermnent, or at least the
Colonial Secretary, was fully informed of Cecil
Rhodes's plans and intrigues, which resulted m Jame-
son's disgraceful raid. Rhodes had long entertained
the project of making himself master of the Repub-
Uc in one way or another; and he devoted his money.
his influence and his position as Premier of Cape
Colony to this object. The National Union of
which I have already spoken, was employed hym
to keep men's minds at Johannesburg in a constant
state of ferment, and it soon became his chief too in
the conspiracy against ihe existence of the country.
Through his instrumentaUty, arms and ammunition
were secretly smuggled into Johannesburg and con-
228
Johannesburg ,lo„e „„ „ot m " "" *"'"* """
'-«on .,th «,, Chance" f^l^-'-'J" »f « -c
«o l-y to obtain a pUce of uT^' ^ ""^ *''"*'»«
port of . ri^g. ^*^ ""''',«'"«' '«»P» in »p.
joumahrt cUed Flora Sh^TT ""' "^ « '"dy
-ri* «.e Briti* (C^::; '^ °7^'' -8otia«onI
•"ritoiy of «., Ch«!^^c^' " "''^ "> '^nd fte
^ ---ss^ stategic ^rf«r7; » - *" '"'"^^
^Mgcd between the ^ J^ ' telegrams ex-
*e ne8„hV,«„^ with ft^^^ J*""- ""ring
*•' Mr. Ch«„berlain tofr^? Gove™n,ent show
%'^-^»w Hoi* I'S.r-'T f ' »' -' "^ '^
CaSn "■"""" '^-'°-^-"°"''
/Unless yon can mate Ch. u ,
"^'»«« to proceed 7f ^*'^^«'^*» instruct the Hiah r
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Uon i. lort. High Comml-ioner would rccelTc -pl^^^ «"
Ltion «.d .Ull turn pclUon to England', .dvant-ge, but murt
JI'Ltructed by cable Immediately. The ln.tn«tion. mu.t be
•peclfic, a. he is weak and wiU take no reiponaibility.
It must be remembered, moreover, that the British
Govermnent laid only a portion of the telegrams
before the so-called Select Parliamentary Commit-
tee on British South African Affairs, and probably
kept back those which were most compromismg.
Why should this be done when an inquiry is msti-
tuted to discover the truth? Is it not the natural con-
clusion that Chamberlain was equally guilty with
Rhodes? However, no one can seriously deny that
^\e above-mentioned published telegrams clearly
xt)ve Mr. Chamberlain's complicity in the plot.
As soon as Rhodes was sure of obtaining the de-
sired strip of land from the British Government, he
at once began to take measures to coUect the troops
of the South African Police at that point and to
equip them with horses and materials of war so that
they might be ready to invade the Republic as soon as
things at Johannesburg were ripe for the attack.
Meanwhile, he had entered into correspondence with
the leaders of the National Union and sent his bro-
ther, Colonel Rhodes, to Johannesburg to work in
his interest and represent him. Colonel Rhodes haa
his unlimited authority to spend as much money as
he considered necessary. Mr. Lionel PhiUips, one ot
S80
X
KHUGERS THIBD PRESIDENCY
He returned «,ddenjy on ^ ** " J*-*"-
«■« new building, o/'C ^' "T''^ "' "P"""*
"<« not even fl„id,ed, and hT .'*'"«'' '""'«™r.
«cu« to give Mr. Philli„ ^ r"'"' "" """y ">
"■« « political speech r*!°T*^'y "^ ""k-
l^ovember, .„<, p^^ deZj^"" '* ""^ «" "f
"olent ,ttack, upon the rl ' 'P'"'' ''"« »f
'"lier, one or tSmZlZT^*' ^°^ '™
'^ «»»e to Cape xZ^f *' ^««<««' Union
'"«^. Dr. Jan,e«>„ o^e to jl ' T "■^° «■
»d of November to c^V^^^'^S «* the
-ked them to givetn r,"! °" «"« "«-»■'»'. "e
I*«'«d to him for hi, „ •!. ^' "" "'"■<* they .p.
r •' »y time « » r!"r "■" '""■'^ he Lufd
'«'' contained ^^t 5" *" '■"^'"'•'"- The
*«»»* betweenV^™' "»' " -"--n waa
■»"' "d that the womS^Td " -""-^ *^ «''^^-
^1*% .t Johanueargte.*""? """^ ''"™''
Wer, which was signed L m ^ ''™«°''- This
^°»1 Prank BhX *f^ «'• Charle, Leonard,
^'/«me«>n maght be X'to If ""'"*«'' »
"^ «^- In the meanwhil^ tte^tr °' '"' '*
j„ ' "* ™>«l)itaots of Jo-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUQER
hanncsburg were incited in every powible manner
by the Rhodes press in order artfuUy to prepare the
way for an outbreak. Towards the end cf Decem-
ber 1895. Leonard, as chairman of the National
Union, issued a long manifesto raising a series of
accusations against the Government. Everythmg
that could serve to excite men's minds against the Re-
public was dragged in. Of course, the franchise
question was one of the main grievances, although
Lionel PhiUips, who was also a leading member of
the Union, had not long before written to his part-
ner in London, a German Jew called Beit, who was
closely connected with Rhodes, that " we do not care
a fig for the franchise."
Just when the ferment at Johannesburg was at
its height, I returned to Pretoria from my usual an-
nual tour of the districts, and it was then that, in
reply to an address in which the burghers pressed
for the punishment of the rebellious element, I used
the words:
« You must give the tortoise time to put out its
head before you can catch hold of it."
Ai. attempt has been made to prove from these
words that I knew of the preparations for the Jame-
son Raid, and that by the tortoise I meant Jameson^
But this statement is quite unfounded. Neither
nor any of the Transvaal authorities at that time
thought such a deed possible, much leas expected it
232
XHiHD PRESIDENCY
■»' «>e Kn^/.^J ^f -" in the n^j^^^
"•PuW-'c w„ intended f" n e^^V^* African
-» *•' they .he»«,.«:;f :tr ''«'^ -P.--
*« place, .hieh rftelTr'""'' *• «~^» to «"
^«. offe^ .he BmL ^! ^l' """» -Me be-
H"«.Ie, Bobi„«,n, 2 .w f <^'»™"'»io„er. Sir
forthep™.«*.„„„; *;•«»««'« of the Hep„bB„
■* n«aed ,or tl,e present rir^^^ '"'"M not
"*«»« of J^J^T^l^ '' \*«d *«, the ^^^
J*™ «JIo«ed hhn b, p^r,/ "''' """^y not
& the day, „fcen the Cl .""° **^ K^P-^c-
f ^eson H.i4 ^'^^ ;- bein^ «>Deeted for
*^»-ehief of theBo^ftl '*■ *^ ^°'»"«n-
"••W bef„« tie r«A ^"'' "■« » «>upfe of
^t I meant by the tort •
y the torto^e w„ .fce Kationd
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUQER
Union, which was continuaUy abusing the Govern-
ment and threatening to resort to force m order to
obtain the removal of its grievances. I intended to
convey that we must allow the movement quietly to
take its course, until it revealed its true character and
showed itself so undoubtedly guilty that the Gov-
ernment could punish the leadmg members, the real
rebels, for high treason. Had those men been ar-
rested earlier, they could still have tried to deny
their inisconduct and we should thon, perhaps, have
been unable to convince the world of their guilt.
Towards the end of December 1895, the sate of
affairs at Johannesburg was such that thousands left
the town and fled for safety to the coast, while the
National Union, which henceforth adopted the name
of the Reform Committee, raised corps of volunteers
to whom it distributed arms and ammunition. In
order to avoid a collision and prevent bloodshed, the
Government resolved to confine the police to bar-
racks. We did not look upon the rebeUion as serious,
since it did not originate with the people, but was
artificially manufactured from above by intriguers.
The whole thing would have presented a faracal
spectacle, if the results had been less serious. The
only man among the so-called Reformers who under-
stood his business was Colonel Rhodes. AH the
others were theatrical revolutionaries.*
1 It has been related that the President kept his horse saddled ^J
gUble and his rifle loaded by his bed-side during the time of the Jameso
^ KKOGEK-S THIRD PBESIDENCV
tte insurrection. l"^^ r ""^"^^ *" d° '"»
Sons that I „^, l^TrTr-r "' *^^ "^P"*-
"t certain grievan ^^^'^^-O^" '" ^ matter
of the f^ehise, and iZoT^ " «'»^"J ^t
-m I deeia^ that Sot^tlT '? *" '"
proportion of the popuJatio„?/r?"' ""'^ * «»'"'
e^««ed n,y con^d«t tt ^ /°'"™^*"«' ««»
»^.™„t„^^j;^^ *e^e™„,e„t in it,
•« received a teIe«Z f r""'' <'"««> Jou-
"o-r of MinesT^C ^■/"™'' ^"-'■-
« oonanando of 8«oTtt?;.'^'"^« "^ *«*
J^op* with Maxim, and ' T"*^ '^"""P^y'"
Wf-pa^t five thaTTo^,*^'' "^ ^' P«*. at
^"^^S, and t^tr*; r "" "^'O" "f Jo.
M.in.anie.Zeeru.t^dtichlr^'" "■" "«'--"
^'''"a' Joubert Ce-^f, **"'!"« '««^ ^ cut.
„*> ttc different coi^^'^'^^T'^^cd teleg^n.
f"*'"««.en.„iri'^;^^°^----..ac-
"^ "»• . ™-d Of u,!, . . '' """"rffng them
235
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
at once to summon the burghers and stop the in-
vaders. MeanwhUe, the Government had appointed
a committee at Johannesburg to maintain order. It
is certainly due to the tact displayed by this commit-
tee that no bloodshed occurred. The Reformers now
resolved to send a deputation to Pretoria to confer
with the Government. They were received, on be-
half of the Government, by General Kock and
Judges Kotz6 and Ameshoff , and demanded that Dr.
Jameson should be allowed to enter Johannesburg,
in which case they would make themselves respon-
sible for his peaceful departure from the town and
his return across the frontier. In the meanwhile,
the High Commissioner, Sir Hercules Robinsoiv
who had succeeded Sir Henry Loch at the end of
1895, offered his friendly mediation and proposed to
come to Pretoria in order to prevent bloodshed. An
answer was, therefore, given to the deputation to
the effect that, pending the arrival of the High Com-
missioner, the Government would take no measures
against Johannesburg, provided the town conducted
itself quietly.
Meantime, Dr. Jameson had advanced with the
greatest rapidity in the direction of Johannesburg.
The High Commissioner issued a proclamation call-
ing upon Dr. Jameson and all his companions to
withdraw across the frontier (this proclamation was
shortly f oUowed by Cecil Rhodes's resignation of the
886
premiership of Cape CI
together wiU, , fette, f ° ""V" ^'^ P«damation.
Britid. Agent .t P^tolw" """^ ^* ^-*. ">«
«°n 1-3' Ben Bouw^rT ^ ^''"'o ^'-^ J«ne-
J«ne«,n, however, toJtno^r;!^ ""«'-. Dr.
lieutenant EfoiF, of 1" I *'"^' """'^ "^ it
"'^ ""t to meet him and to^*'"^"^ P°«'». who
-«» taken prisoner b/l^ ^T '"" *° *»« Wl,
T^nsvaal bur^he:^ ho^ ^^ ^ — <- oi^
M«i«n, Potgieter and cS T '^'™«"d«nt,
«»> «nd taken up their ^J ^ °"tstripped Jame-
«^"dorp. j^^„„ ;^ ;^d on the hills near Kru-
8>«" on the bureher,' J . ^'^ ** «« of hi,
•-i" "ttemp^d*. laCr^ ''"'' ■" «-° ^ ^
wthloss. WhenDr T ^ ''^'^ '^ven bade
«^«-ugh,heSirr""'*^«'"'<'-^
•^ to turn tie £,^^1^ «■;?*"*' » »"- '"
'"'ever, during the r^^^^'t. ,f -■» topped,
f ■ »d the next momT 'hen I™'' ^^ ^°-
•t* to the right, he c.n.f un ! ""*''' ^ ^-
•'^ « *o^ »«dt ""^"^ -^ 'o -«nder
« bas been stated that n^ t
^ «>nditi„n that bis life 11 1 ^r"""" ^"'^ndered
*»"l<i bespar I r^ '"'' *e lives of his men
^-otet„ll^"~-tC«nJ.had.ini^"
yf of J^,^„, ^-«bby, the ofer in «.„-
-'"J'ispa^tt.i^j. "°P»- ""f°""«l him that he
"=» on fe understanding that they
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
surrendered with aU that they had with ttem and
paid the expenses entaQed upon the South African
RepubUc. But, whUe Commandant Cronje was still
in conversation with Dr. Jameson, Commandant
Malan, of Rustenburg, approached, asked what was
being done and, when he heard the conditions, said
to Cronje :
"We cannot make conditions of any kind; that
is a matter for the Government at Pretoria."
Cyonje agreed, and thereupon Commandant Ma-
lan caused Dr. Jameson to be informed, in English,
that he must clearly understand that what Cronje
had said was that the prisoners' lives were only guar-
anteed as far as Pretoria, where they would be
handed over to the Commandant General.
"At this moment," he continued, "we cannot
make any final conditions; those must be left to the
Government."
Jameson thereupon bowed and said:
" I accept your conditions."
It was not till that moment that the surrender was
completed and Dr. Jameson and his men disarmed
and taken to Pretoria.
In the meantime, the High Conmiissioner had a^
rived and at once had an interview with myself and
my advisers. After expressing his regret at what
had happened, he immediately began to speak of the
grievances of the Uitlanders and of other necessary
288
Worms. I cut him i, ^^^^x
^^ out to i^ ^tZZzTr"-' "^ ^'^
"^ °«'"e«, »d a^t ^f Jt «>« toe to speak of
7 ^ discus „,„ a^t r*""" ««" "^
Wj« m o™-er to avoid f^°{t,T'^' '^ >«
Johannesburg rf,ould bell ''^*«'-' »<! W
. On what conditions i« t^i,
its anns? " "" " Johannesburg to give up
I rephed:
"tTnconditionaUy." ' ' .
-^d, when the Hiffh r«
J^jfte -md to raise .^.SZ^™" ""'""^J *<•
"^ "'"'pel ti>e townTlf T"^- Othenme, I
Sir Hercules co^*:^"^''^^"-''
taued inexorable, .„d bZT ~°"*^''"'- ^ «»-
•^ «»*, after being^^^^ I* " "^^ "»"-
8 plagued and provoked for so
:; I
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
many years by the National Union, they wete not in
the mood to aUow Jameson and the Johannesburg
fire-brands to go unpunished. The foUowing wiU
serve as an instance of the spirit that prevailed among
the burghers:
A commandant and some 400 burghers, who were
on their way to stop Jameson, when the latter had
not yet surrendered, passed through Pretoria and
took the opportunity of calling on me to bid me good-
day. I went out to thank the burghers, when the
cominandant addressed me in these words:
" President, we have come to greet you, and at
the same time to inform you that, when we have cap-
tured Jameson, we intend to march straight on to
Johannesburg and to shoot down that den with
aU the rebels in it. They have provoked us long
enough."
I replied:
" No, brother, you must not speak like that. Ke-
member, there are thousands of innocent and loyal
people at Johannesburg, and the others have been
for the most part misled. We must not be re-
vengeful; what would be the result of such a
step? "
The commandant answered:
« No, President, you speak in vain. What is the
use of clemency? It is only because we have shovvn
the rebels clemency too long that they have now gone
840
to do », ana «aid, '*'' ■*• " '*'"'. P"te„ded
•^ «f «« your own E "^ ^'^™ ** «»»-
voted." '^^' ^' ''"»"«'>«» terribly pro-
w^J;^r.'^.'^to.,dowB.ti«y„,
"i*'tfe E^^^/^^T""*"., «hieh, together
«». wWeh had JZ^^ ^ ''«'"■ My inten-
"*™ R««i, w« to Cd^ f """' '-y *« Exec
P«niom to the British Gn! ° '"'' *"» >^"-»-
r-^'ntswoJdnotC;^/^-- Butthe«.„.
:^^ Me^r,. Fi^„ ^T f «»». "nd it was only
''«« State., had I„^ ®'y°veld, of the Oran-
■^tSSr "'-«-. tn*^" t° follow „^
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
wishes that I succeeded in obtaining their consent
to leave this matter to the (Jovemment.
When the High Commissioner saw that I insisted
on the unconditional surrender of Johannesburg, he
instructed Sir Jacobus De Wet to telegraph to that
effect to the Reform Committee. It is hardly nec-
essary to say that they complied before the twenty-
four hours had expired, for, with the exception of
Colonel Rhodes and perhaps one or two more, there
was.not one among the conspirators but would have
taken to his heels as soon as the first shot was fired.
They had wooed and organized rebellion only in the
hope that England would pull the chestnuts out of
the fire for them. They did not think of endanger-
ing their lives for the sake of a matter for which one
of their principal members had declared, but a little
while before, that he " did not care a fig."
Meanwhile the Government had informed the
High Commissioner that it intended to hand over
Jameson and his men to the British Goveniment so
that they might be brought to justice in England.
y, , Chamberlain telegraphed to me to thank me,
in e name of Her Majesty, for my magnanimous
act. Subsequent events have shown the depth of
this gratitude and the way in which England has re-
warded my magnanimity.
Johannesburg gave up its arms, but in mueh
smaller quantities than was expected. Only some
»4A
•J'livered to «, gII:^. T.1' '"""'''" -«-
« few of the other offlo,™ . Jameson and
'•"Prisonment .„d «^„ l^^'T^ '""rt te™» of
«on of their sentenl "^ '"'"^' ">' "P-W
On the 9th of Januanr, the P„f
«»ted in their homes or^ T- T"""^" "-ew ar-
^"•«- On theT;^ I* f "7'"''»' -0 f"-™ to
ll>e inh.bit»ts of JoJnLT" * P"«'«™«<'n to
«»t I only ,00k,, :^r^'" ""il" I O-l-d
■nen within .nd with^t ?.r^ T"^' "^ "«fty
«Pi«tor,, and poiTt^ l^r"""* " *"« ""-
W to W„l C^ °"i* «»* ""^P'ot nught have
*Priity upon Joha^e, W °"!r^ *° ""'" " »-
"« ^to the inhaWtan^o "i" e r'"" '^ "P^"^'
--^with.e„:^r---^
ti-ofrTpir^rr-—^
P""^' to the Orange F^T , ?* Go^m^ent ap-
,^--«topres,?e!^!h?t„*°*;/"''«eG„'
*" '-mst. which wa.^,'"f .^"^ °y«t of
•^ « judge who was o^!^^.f '^' """ *° "b-
*"''' »ot be ™gaZ r, ' ' ^"'""' »" "ho
'«^theRefoL„ MolTr"" ^"^"*-'
^-Most of them escaped with
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
imprisonment or fines: only the four leaders, Messrs.
Lionel Phillips, Farrar, Hammond, and Colonel
Rhodes, were condemned to death; but this sentence
was commuted by the Executive Raad to a fine of
X25,000 apiece. Thus ended the first act of the
drama of which the last act has just been finished
on the blood-stained plains of South Africa.
Before closing this chapter, mention should be
made of the great calamity with which Johannes-
burg was aflBicted, on the 19th of February, 189C, by
the explosion of a number of trucks loaded with dy-
namite. A portion of the suburbs of Jorisburg and
Braamfontein was destroyed, very many persons were
killed and wounded, and hundreds were rendered
homeless. The Uitlanders showed their sympathy
with the victims by subscribing a sum of about
£70,000 within two days. To this the Government
added a gift of £25,000. I repaired without delay
to Johannesburg, visited the wounded in the hospital
and praised the sympathy displayed in this matter
by the Uitlanders, which it dieered my heart to see.
I reminded them of the words of the Gospel:
" Blessed are the merciful, for they shaU obtain
mercy."
And so the attempt upon the independence ot tne
RepubUc failed. But now Mr. Chamberlain was to
set to work to try whether he could not be more suc-
244
ly declaring that he w„ Zl ' "*"'* '« •»««>
«* * Of the LondorC^T"^ '° "^ ^-
-fcich .UIl in way 1^"::"':°"' *« only article
05 the South MrZ ^^ ""l^""'*" -^'ationa
^ to judge CtSCtaf ^' ""-" -"^y
««pubh-c.nd„otEngI^r, , ? *" '' '"" the
At the aame time T^rt ^ *" ""''' «"««»»•
Home Rule d,o„,d bT^'^^P?^ «"" « «ort of
^ published this diapa^*? *! Joh«„,e,burg. ^
Wo« I i^ ^.^ P * "the London offlci.i p^
"" the v«y quertion of »„„ » T "^'^' th«t it
«"»ed Mr. Ch«„btS«t^°^ Inland ttat
'^'' party and barterhisCI"" '"" ^^■
"t Jingoism, one mui »^"*^ ^'"- '^ P«»-
»« oi^umstance^ '^'"'' "'^•"^ "nder the exist-
•*^^r:r.tr'*^'^- Republic
'•t*. embracing the t^ f**^' ^~'" the di».
*'ete,th«laf„^7^^°^'-^,P0inb. whereaa the
:^I»e», and to ^:^'^«'»*e London
^'■'-«nde,irable,ndS.tbr^X'^-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
viou. publicity to views which the British Govern-
ment thought fit to adopt towards the Repubhe.
adding that the Republic could not permit any inter-
f erence in her internal affairs. This reply was now
also at once pubUshed in the StaaUcourant of the
South African RepubUc. Shortly after its rece.pt.
Mr Chamberlain dispatched a telegram in whicl. he
said that, if liis proposal was not acceptable U> ih.
parties concerned, he would not insist upon it. 1 1 ae
uvdn I telegraphed the conditions upon which
would be willing to come to England. The chiet
point was the substitution of a treaty of peace, com-
merce, and amity for the London Convention. Into
this Mr. Chamberlain refused to enter. He con-
tinued to speak of admitted grievances which must
be removed, as that was a matter of the highest mi-
portance to England as the paramomit power m
South Africa, stating, furthermore, that, even if the
London Convention was replaced by another. Ar-
ticle 4 of that Convention must, in any case, be in-
cluded in the new agreement. Where, then, would
have been the sense of undertakmg that troublesome
journey? And what would have been the use of sub-
stituting a new convention for the old one, if the
only article by which the independence of the Re-
public was in any way restricted was to be included.
Mr. Chamberlain, seeing that he could not induce
me to visit England without giving some guarantee
246
*«e of «nmu„ir„ ri^ "' 7 '»«"' '" «•« Pur-
«"« more „e„«^ j^^^ »"«»".. Tiua .„
Jameson H«id, a,t Hen,>hr """ "' ""e
«»>• Jor „ fortni h, tT^ 1"* """"""""n t" "age
"nnedi^d.^henit,.- .,. r ,7" '»""<' "> be
Jameson Rgij, jo ^, , "'. ', ™* "^"S'on of the
leeted. the Cover,,, ,i,*'"'." i! *^ '"^ >--■> "e«-
"««. but no more f, ,)' ' " " "*««ary mea-
■""gliers, inorde-Uiav ),■ '•" ""'"« °f the
to themselves ag^^ w '" i',^ '" '^'dy to pro.
St." greater ^ppZZ ' "^'^'™« "!-)»•
^ were orfered tfte!l "™»'»'«<.n. rifles .nd
«ned South A^ricll cn '""""«'"'»" of tte so-
"I-ndon.bec.u^'^t^^'"^' "^ *'^» P--
*»»ed that Mr. ChZi!!? °™' '" "«''* '"■-'«
«^ «aa as he ^Z^^"' Z""" " '"'^'" "'
--we.^r:rrCtti~^
247 '^luie,
I
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
shortly after the investigation, Mr. Chamberlain de-
clared in the House of Commons that Rhodes was
a man of honor, and that there existed nothing which
affected Rhodes's personal position as such. It was
impossible to avoid drawing the conclusion that Mr.
Chamberlain was Rhodes's accomplice, and that he
now publicly defended Rhodes because he feared lest
the latter should make statements which would be
anything but pleasant hearing for the Colonial Secre-
tary* This, at least, was the view taken of the matter
in the Republic; and it was confirmed in this view
by the fact that Dr. Jameson was released from
prison on account of illness and recovered his health
immediately afterwards.
In view of these facts, can the Government of the
South African Republic be blamed for making prep-
arations, so that it might not fall a prey to Eng-
land without striking a blow ? Nay, more ; was it not
her bounden duty to take care, as she did, that the
country was placed on a defensive footing? Yet
this is the action which was constantly thrown in my
face, by way of reproach, by the English ministers
and the English press, and which they afterwards
quoted in order to justify their unjust war.
Shortly after the closing of the South African
Committee, Mr. Chamberlain began his uninter-
rupted series of dispatches, which continued until the
war broke out, and which had no other object than to
embitter the British people against the Republic and
S48
«» nwke them believe a.t *
««.iMt England „d Z^l "" ~'»'"% riming
J-nOon Convention" ThTT^™"^ "°^t»« ttf
I»rt of ,897, he sent a <K,™f T ™'"'=*' » *« ««riy
«»t the Hepuhh, 1' Srr f <=«. ha deel. J
^^ by the fouo^ «S ? ^^''<'''» Conven-
Convention; by the iC'^ -""T* *« «»<=^«
^^' the «,nel„si„„ „f ^ ^":' *« I^-migration
Ponagsl. eh. He b.«^ ^ ^""n treaty ^^
^y» down that no treJlC^'^T "'"'•" '""'<*
»«»« J"" been .pp„v^T',t' » '"«* -»«! the
ment. *^*' "^^ bJ- the British Govern-
Mr. Chamberlum „
«»ofthisaSr.r:.rr""^*"'«^'«'-
*»"» "P (and the«f„„tf^r? "^ ' *^*y '''»
"py must be delivered! H'''~'»i"'*on). «
■»"«. '•'bere.s the gT " M«J«fy's Govera
«^"blio «ainS;7r '■"-'■^«™«>^"^"
.7« "fter the t«.ty w^^/'" ""t «" be done
"» "ontention upon Vhl ^^ '^^- "-d b^.«i
':-:'''b,eh«en.tz'^;7rv'»-pi:?
'■^SSrir'^'*-^ T''« Gove™„,ent,
^ithanySf"! ^°^ Republic wiJI n„ , .
*•" ''«».°--^',''"r " ■" »!• of H° Mr* f '." '" ■■"■«« «°t
249 ^-
^;?§N^
'»i^!S£^aK%^
wrM^mm
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
therefore, in its reply, laid stress upon the fact that it
did not agree with Mr. Chamberlain's opinion, and
suggested that, in view of the difference that ex-
isted as to this point, it would be best to submit the
matter to an impartial arbitrator. To this Mr. Cham-
berlain replied that England was the suzeram of the
South African RepubUc and, in this quality, could
not conseirt to refer a difference to arbitration.
It is unnecessary to say that this reply of Mr.
Chamberlain's was in the highest degree vexatious
to the Government of the Republic. For what other
purpose than to obtain the aboUtion of the su«ramty
had we made the journey to London in 1883 and
endeavored to secure a new convention? And, since
the Convention of 1884. no one had entertained the
very slightest doubt but that the suzerainty was an-
nulled. Even Sir Hercules Robinson, who was him-
self one of the authors of the Convention of 1884.
declared in an interview with a journalist ' that there
was no question but that the suzerainty had been
abolished by the Convention of 1884. In his greatly-
praised reply of the 16th of April, 1898, Dr. Leyds
irrefutably established this fact. He was able, more-
over to quote a dispatch of Lord Derby's, of the loth
of February, 1884, in which the then Secretary lor
the Colonies enclosed a draft of a new convention
1 Mr. Frank Harris, at that time editor of the SaUml.nj AV.ur.
Note by tlut Editor of the German Ldition.
250
L^-^
intended to reriace Ui*. r„
Tiis draft comm^c^,^,.'^'*""""™ "^ P«^™.
of the Convention S ,"« ^7™'/ «>' P-»bIe
Convention of ,884 and if 7 f ""^ "^* "^ *<=
note: ""* '^'^^ by Uie following
<»»"' '» 4« <.»;«ei» ^^ ""'*'» • l>iKt line „ p„.
And now the whole preamWe of I8«, ■
-tkm a black line= moreover. ^'^Z " T""""*
the suzerainty of Her Majestv I « '"^•'™' *°
--" •■ had been struck CtLT f'n ""' ^-
was especially impo.ta.it tn ^ ^ "^'''J • "
"f the Convention" *; ^""t.'^'" '"^ P«™ble
was mentioned, had lapsed, 'C„ "'V'^^'^'r
intended that this prean^Ki ^f Chamberlain
tii-ued in force. ZZ^ " *" ^™'«J -"<J «>n-
«>»ve, that th.s J:aTZ 1?^' T '^" '"-^
'^ and had therefore 1 r^™'' ""'"" ""•«*-
Camberlain-sc^^ln b ' "' ^''°"'''' '""' Mr.
•^"'''-•n,pc,.ib,eto ItaT'f'"''''™"'^''
">« »ith a man like a»f , *^'"'' ""<J"stand-
"•-e that, and we must blame the well-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUpER
known English insolence, where a small nation is con-
cerned, which alone 'can have permitted Mr. Cham-
berlain to keep up his nonsensical argument.
The correspondence between the Government and
Mr. Chamberlain was interrupted and accompanied
by two important events in the internal life of the
Republic: the negotiations concerning the work of
the Industrial Commission and the conflict between
the judicial and state authorities.
The Industrial or Mining Conunission was ap-
pointed to investigate the complaints of the mining
industry. That there were certain burdens which
pressed too heavily upon that industry and which
must be decreased was an undoubted fact, and was
shown in the report of the committee; but the prin-
cipal reason why some mines gave no profit and
others less profit than the shareholders would have
liked to see was to be found in over-capitalization,
in the floating of companies on worthless properties,
in the reconstruction of companies whose profits went
to the financial houses, and in the speculative fever
which drove up shares to such a height that it be-
came impossible for the purchaser to rely on receiv-
ing a good dividend. The great financial houses had
everything in their hands and caused prices to rise or
fall as they pleased; and the pubHc was the victim
of their manoeuvres.
The commission, which held its sittings at Johaa-
252
'^
nesDUTff and hea. a
»eri«„f ,„gg,,ti„„/ '^"'d of ,„-fe ^^ ^
»g8«t;oMwe«. "^ ""''"* "rt. The principal
"•» to facilitate the e„2 ^*''*'' "^ »""* Af-
•^Portof «>,o,edIab^S^:"™' "' '*^"'«" •"«
Meantime, it was Z^ *^ '''^"»''' ""nopoly
"^e, at eort price i^^T' *"'' ''^^ ■' *» «>e
"% Of t^^ty's^^^ «" '«'*«™ of an hnport
A reduction m th*. i^n
pmy. ■" »*« gross profits of the com-
™'™»t submitted ttfr. r"^"'"- ^'■"Gov.
»'i'* appointed a co^'rf *° *« V»«-™ad.
•^ -te su^gestiotntr , ""T ^ ""^ ^^^^
»P«i« of the Votoraad^ * ''**' »» «>'
'-"'^i and earriedZHL T"''' " '^"^ "* '<«»
«*■» a. *«-8es to th ' , '"'^ """P^y should
™"'^« to ««, me^,*;' '"-t Government should
'^*^ ^ tfc mines Thrci'"' '''''"' °' <'y
Jhe Gov-ermnent succeeded in
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
reducing the freights, especiaUy for coal and food-
stuffs, and in diminishing the price of dynamite by
five shillings a case. Moreover, an arrangement was
concluded with Portugal by which large contingents
of Kaffir laborers were obtamed from Portuguese
territory. Mr. Chamberlain afterwards accused the
Government of disregarding the suggestions of its
own Industrial Commission.
I have mentioned the conflict between the judicial
and state authorities, in other words, between the
Government and the Volksraad on the one side and a
section of the Supreme Court on the other. The
dispute arose as follows. It was a generally accepted
principle that the resolutions of the Volksraad were
valid in law, even if they conflicted with the consti-
tution. The Supreme Court, particularly Judge
Kotze, with wh«n the conflict now arose, had, in
former law-suits, as for instance in the "Doms"
case, accepted and acknowledged this principle.
Suddenly, in a subsequent case, it refused to do so.
Certain tracts of land in the Krugersdorp district
had been " proclaimed " as gold-fields, and, on the
day when this proclamation was to come into effect,
thousands of people assembled, each intending, as
the law originally provided, to peg out his claims or
bewaarplaatsen for himself. They who first pegged
out those bewaarplaatsen, to the extent to which each
was entitled in law, became their owners, subject,
''lamwmm-.:
01 course tn ih^
""irer of d,«,l^™ "^o™:" that there wa, «
4"<Kn« the land. o^™«°"* "^ this n,.„„er „f
«» 8"™ England . ftesh „„ll ™'"«'' «> « not
«"ed .ttacfc, to ask IhevT ^'^^ '"' »" ""^e-
fo" to the effect tha 1?^" *° P-» « ««.!„.
*»>Jd not, a. the gold-l!! P'^'''™«i " plaees
»•". but dra^ by lot iHv ''"""'^' ■* I-8*ed
't-d the same i^ „^ *" '"'^' "^ "PP"-"*
'«Ud be avoided. A cel^T"' """ '" *«°"ier
»» notiee of this resolutZ k ,' '^''"^'- took
*»"") was to take effect n1 T'™'' "«» «*-
>« of ehums and tended If , °'" " '"^^ ""n-
^^"^d- When B™3f '"*"" ''"«• '-Weh were
f "t^ went haektpThts ^TT ""■"'^ '^'■*-»
'^ that the VolCad ';^°™" 'r''™' '^'^ "^
""n* which viofated the nrT- T **" *" ^^ «»oI"-
J'^dec-s,-o„w„^;^™J-^thecons.it„«„„.
'^w « number of rule, J T" ** "hole country
''°«»»«d. It waa thS " ■«'""«'>"» of the
^t to acquies*r;"~'"^f"theGov-
'^'^ -=«<«ed unspeakaWe^l, "'""' '""'•* «™W
^'--dif-onside^rrr^^^^^-.-t,
234 alterations as is
mm
it
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KitUGER
naturally the case in a gold-producing country, and
which harbors so many speculators and schemers as
were constantly flowing into the South African Re-
public, it was absolutely necessary that, at any given
moment, certain interests could be protected and
dangers averted from the State by decrees of the
Volksraad. To give an instance : in November, 1896,
the revised gold-law, which had been passed in the
foirmer session, was to come into operation. It con-
tained one clause, however, which was not quite clear
and which, unless the point in doubt was elucidated
by force of law, might seriously injure the mining
industry and deliver its rights into the hands of spec-
ulators. What happened? The mining industry
naturally went to the Government and called atten-
tion to the danger. Dr. Leyds thereupon attended
a siting of the Volksraad, explained the position and
obtained a decree which removed the danger. Every
one looked upon this as the natural course. Now,
suddenly, a different view was taken; and it was this
tliat caused the conflict.
Sir Henry de Villiers, the Chief Justice of Cape
Colony, who, by the way, shared the opinion of the
Government, brought about an adjustment: the
judge promised to respect the decrees of the Volks-
raad and I, on my side, promised to move the revision
of the cMistitution m the Volksraad. Not long be-
fore, a law had been passed by which every judicial
256
Febru.^. «98.C rc^ef J'T ""■""'"• ^"
the con^itution .hil j C ""' "" ''''^'>" "^
therefore considered hi™,ein„ T'^t"^ '"''"' *"* ""^
the validnesa of aU ttt Tt"'"' " ^"*"- to te,t
hy the conatitution t2 "" "' "" ^'°"'-«J
no opportunity of introdl"" ^ """"'= ^ had had
»^ the co„.it:« j;r:; - ™ ^^^ the „..„«
not meet tiU May. I rJ. ^ "'ksraad did
his diani^ai. The E„rr *"' *^' '^'^"^ ^-^tice
•nd Mr. ChambeS * rn """'^ ""■ "««''
■nto an " Uitlonder griev»"" """' ""' ">^d'"t
"'Public. Inl8»7,SirATf," ,:"■ ■'""* Afr,«m
Governor of Cane r„i ' "' '"'' '^'^ appointed
'» South Aft^^*2,::^Hi,hc„„^,_,,„„
«>=«. rt was to look upon the U , " ■= ^'^"»
« inferior species Trj ^*' "' '"' "'»» of
'" Egypt he bT' ,,. "" "''^'* he had , .,!,ii^
257
s^ELT
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KR,UGER
much 80 that he forgot that the Afrikander ia a dif-
ferent creature from the Egyptian fellah. There is
no doubt that Mr. Chamberlain appointed Sir Al-
fred Milner only with a view of driving matters in
South Africa to extremes. The appointment was
received by the Jingoes with loud jubilation. The
aim and principle of his policy are to be found in the
words which he spoke to a distinguished Afrikander:
" The power of Afrikanderdom must be broken."
This tool of Mr. Chamberlain's has fulfilled his
mission faithfully, and to-day enjoys the satisfaction
of having turned South Africa into a wilderness and
robbed thousands of innocent people of their lives.
Lord Milner is the typical Jingo, autocratic beyond
endurance and filled with contempt for all that is not
English.
When this man assumed office, my term as Presi-
dent had expired and new elections were about to be
held. This time three candidates presented them-
selves: myself, Joubert, and Schalk Burger, a mem-
ber of the Executive Raad and Chairman of the In-
dustrial Commission of 1897. This was the first
election which, according to the new law, was held by
ballot.
Meanwhile, new elections had also taken place in
the Free State, as President Reitz was obliged, ow-
ing to long illness, to resign his office. Judge M. T-
Steyn was elected President in his place. To give
808
• portrait here of fi.;-
I™""™ to dl the world- J^ . '" P""°««» ««
«. the „».„^ „, «.Xr^;^*»<'«' "own
hon « one of the «re,w .„/^ *f '"*«* ««««.
«» tJ^ light in S^^„':f """«' ■»« th.t have
Some time after President Sf .
•"rference wa, held ^m^ f^' *•«*<». • n™
«f "-^ging .bout a ew:^™*'"'^* the object
;«• ^elt on both sfd^t^dt^t e -'"' '"'■"'"
J"»e»n Baid. j ^ "J"/""' "l*™ -Jl. to the
to Bloemfontein with thfeobi!!"'' '""""'"" "»»
- »^y there, on tht ^^t; a'd " "^^ ""^^
«^«' "». that I madeTtl "*"■«"• *«t waa
•?«* ty «y»g that Queei^i!; ' ""^ "^ "^
A^'ifamder Taal und^f , 7^ "" "'"' ^o"" the
^ -o-vey onlytaTSr* *'"• "^ "^^ ^ "-*
"»»». one must be ca«f^ I'?"" "■» " '^r -ith
l"*' tried to make h7^ """ ''«'■ *' Jingo
■"» tnie.' • ""^ *« opposite, of course!
259 quivalent to saying that
"^H|BjSMrwn-5*«*^"^(^T^
»>iaOCatt RUOUITION TBT chait
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
J.
/■y'PLIED IM/QE Inc
im Cost Uoin Stnxt
RochMtw. N«« Yofk USD* USA
(716) «M - 0300 - Phon.
(716) 2U - SSaS - Fm
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
The conference between the two Governments was
eminently successful. It was resolved that burghers
of both States should be treated on an equal f ootmg,
so that, for mstance, the rights which a Transvaaler
enjoyed in the Free State were also granted to a
Free Stater in the Transvaal, only the franchise
being left untouched. Furthermore, a poUtical al-
Uance was concluded, which created a council of
delegates, or federal council, which was to sit every
year, alternately at Pretoria and Bloemfontein, and
make recommendations on matters that might lead
to federation as well as suggestions for the assimila-
tion of the laws of the two RepubUcs. The Volks-
raad of each State approved this treaty, and the only
modification introduced was to resolve that a burgher
of either RepubUc should receive burgher rights in
the sister state so soon as he had taken the oath pre-
scribed.
she is "a bad woman to deal with, to quarrel with or to tnfle with
^e epit^et^Tn short, can be used in Dutch in an objective as weU as u.
a subjective aeaae— Translator' » Note.
260
a
was
hers
ing,
laler
to a
cjhise
l1 al-
ii of
ivery
, and
lead
mila-
olks-
5 only
rgher
lits in
1 pre-
chapter
XII
PAUL KRUGER'S FOURTH
PRESIDEJVCY
, with."
ell as in
CHAPTER XII
PAUL KEUOEB's FOTTB^rx,
The Bnnu Question-Sir Alf, ^ », .
>^ ants— The airifT^ '^^ Milner-p W P •.
ine agitation of th*. c^ ^i. '" **• Heitz— J. n
Edgar Ca.e-The crisis: the^fff^ ^^'-«» I-eague-Th;
"y "-lection wj^^r""'' «'"«=' fo'-lthough
--d obtain «ach .r^:;™ °!" »™P«*«J th/l
ofidal figures we«: °™""»'°^8 "mjority. The
Kroger
Schalk Burger .'*••• 12,858 votes
Joubert . ' • • . 3,750 "
On the 12th of May, 898 r» ,' ''°°' "
fourth ,i„.e ^ State ^ ^ *"'' •"*" *"" *«
""de « speech which tool- .i *" °«»aon I
"'«. «d u. which I ^i:^'"' '"^ *<>•»' to de.
"S^J views on the ac^ ^."^ '*"«''"« '»'<' Po-
'^. -Win, thetl r «"■ """ "" ^ P~^-
,. This speech, by far th.1
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRTJGER
During the session of the Volk; aad of 1898, Dr.
Leyds was almost unanimously re-elected State Sec-
retary, but was shortly afterwards appointed Envoy
Extraordinary of the Republic in Europe. As his
successor, Abraham Fischer was elected, one of the
ablest and most sagacious statesmen in South Africa,
a..J at that time a member of the Executive Raad
of the Orange Free State. He refused, however,
to accept the proffered appointment, whereupon Mr.
F. W- Reitz, who had recently been promoted to a
judgeship in the South African Republic, was
elected State Secretary, a happy choice, for Mr.
Reitz is looked upon by friend and foe alike as one
of the most honest men that have ever played a part
in politics. Moreover, he possessed an abundant
knowledge of affairs, thanks to his long political
career.
At the same time, J. C. Smuts, a representative of
the yoimger generation of Afrikanders, was ap-
pointed State Attorney. Smuts is one of the cle\ cr-
est lawyers in South Africa and a man of versatile
attainments besides. He is personally a very simple
man, and, to meet him, oae would not suspect that he
possesses so firm a will and so determined a charac-
ter as he does. Although scarcely 80 years of age
and without the slightest previous exp :rience of mili-
tary affairs, he developed, in the later phases of the
war, into n most brilliant general, so that he adJed
264
KHl/GERS FOCKTH PKESIDENCY
tol", positions. State Attorney th«t„f
""-nm^dant general of the ZZhAf "", '"'^'
Smuts will yet pl.y a 8,^7^^^" "'""''"^
South Africa. '^"^ '" *•■« history of
Shortly after the swearing-in „<■ vr
Smuts, the Bunu questior J ''"• *«'^ »"d
AJf^ Mi,„er rec^l^™ ^"l! "«»*■ ""d Sir
«>d thwart the Republie '' *" P™™'''
'°putany„fTirri!r/:f''"'*^"-«^'
P'««ed. This condition !!^! . "^ "''"'"^^'' h«
the moment when ^22, "^^^ -^'--^ f™»
«t™tion of Swaziland In t.""*' '^"""■
Bunu murfered one of hisl^ '"'^ ^"^ "^ "98.
» addition to some oth" if ^' """"^ U'"'»'»'.
-^es that Bunu had Mle , * 7"? ^'«'«' "^V eye-wit-
^- When Bunu was l'''"'t ''■«' '^» "«>
to-ey to appear iforeZ"""'*' '^ *^ «*'"^ ^t"
^ come, arrived accoZ' ^* "''"" ^ventuaUy he
f Speeia, Conmussionef tsta .'T ''"'«'''
;•» consequently obhged to Hthe i™*^' '^™^''
»>»•« returned to his to™ """"' ''"P- ""d
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
to appear before the court. Meanwhile, the High
Commissioner deemed it necessary to interfere m the
matter, probably with no other object than to cause
the Republic needless annoyance. Perhaps, also, he
thought that the Bunu question would give him the
occasion to involve the Republic m war with Eng-
land. He contended, namely, that the Government
had not the right to summon Bunu before the Swazi-
land court, notwithstanding that the Swaziland Con-
vention contained an article stipulating that criminal
cases occurring in Swaziland should be tried by the
Supreme Court at Bremersdorp. When Bunu saw
that the Government of the Republic was in earnest,
he fled to Zululand and placed himself under the pro-
tection of the British Government. In order to avoid
getting into difficulties for Bunu's sake, the Govern-
ment was obliged to conclude an agreement with the
High Commissioner which determined that Bunu
should be allowed to return, and that he should only
be punished with a fine. At the same time, a clause
was added to the Swaziland Convention, distinctly
deciding which cases should, in future, be within the
competence of the Supreme Court of that country.
Already at that time, and shortly alter the set-
tlement of the Bunu question, the English in and
outside South Africa were adopting a defiant atti-
tude towards the Government of the Republic. At
Johannesburg, a branch of the South African
266
'UURTH PRESIDENCY
«" involve tte Hepultin i^ T' *" '" ■"»"«
«d. When the GoveZe'*"""'°''«f»tl»t
»» P«»e, which they wertT ^ ^ "''^ '"'«'»»»
e«ie« cdled . meet J LTeT^.""' *** ^8"«
liwmesburg to „rot«t Amphitheater at Jo-
'•">«- Theb„?;^^^~t,«*onoftheR:
«"•« Khode, i,«titat^" . tf^ ^""^ ** *« "tti'ude of
••^ number ^tl ^.IT^V"^ "^^ «
*e demonstrator, were TJ 1 " ''""" "«« -"d
■-gbe™. ThatttaXur'^."'""«*bythe
Jingoes, that it w« I'TT ■*"" *° *« »i« "f the
» «»ily understl^ "^^"^ ^"^ ""■" ""^ desim,,
^X^errrr"^--
»»MbytheEn.hr^"' ""1 """^ -"« '-P™-
•^a-- What was J *"" '° '^'■"' the whole
.«-'«thof De::be?i8'9'n'°"i "^ '"^ -«"' "^
■* ""bjeet. waa att^t!! l' "^^ ^<»*«-- « Brit-
"^ Edgar anrf ^ ''"°"'" ^"ti* sabjeet
'^<r^o,^;r"'He:i'Tr*''"'"^'«"'^«
;^ taken to the hospital
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
and died a few days later in consequence of the
blows which Edgar had given him. Immediately
after tiie perpetration of his crime, Edgar fled to
his room and soon a few police came upon the scene,
attracted by tl screams of the bystanders. Among
the police was one named Jones, a .1 of a former
coachman to the Queen of England, who had, how-
ever, in his quality as a policeman, h-come a burgher
of the Republic. This Jones, thinking that Foster
waii dead, followed Edgar to his apartment to arrest
him for murder. As Edgar was caught in the very
act, the police had the right, according to the laws,
not only of the Republic, but of the wnole of South
Africa and of England her«?elf , to enter his house,
if necessary by force, and arrest the culprit. As
Edgar had locked the dooi and refused to open it,
Jones broke it open and, while doing so was struck
a violent blow by Edgar with a bar of iron. There-
upon Jones shot Edgar dead. AlLhough every one
will admit that the policeman only did his duty, he
was nevertheless prosecuted by the State Attorney
for manslaughter, in order to remove any groimd for
complaint on the part of England. He was, how-
ever, as was to be expected, acquitted by the court
But how did Mr. Chamberlain represent this matter?
As follows: that policemen broke into a man's house
at night without a warrant on the mere statement
of one person, which subsequently turned out to be
268
*iv. .£Rs FOURTH PBF<!ir,r..
"-r, ^count. he hit one ;f2 ' "?"*"« «<> «>«■>
• miniater f„ be arf„n,ed ,hr, t ^"^ ""«'" •""
" "fflcial dispatch? *^ "■""'* the truth in
*V"e now come to th
"'reagftati^^^j^^^^^^Afnc. and England,
;i» election had taken pC^ !?"'"" "« R'PuWic
C«Pe Colony, in ^^ich h"' Afrit T""' ^■""- '■"
g"^ the rietory, a fact 1 . . •■" P'"^y I""*
•n «« Jingo cli,^' ;„ ^X""^"." f"- Hhodc and
"^ <" « 'ning hi»«lT;„f "^"^ ^"^'- ■•"-
*o^edhi„«eif inu'Tt'^" *"» >•* of Gove^or,
*« * of the Jin ::t ™ - ^l" "Peniy «po^ed
*«« to 1' that .crisis w^r.X"^- " '^'" «"■-
'^"^y tr-^ated, coutanZl! "' '""■°''' '^ -t
:">'« there a« two par«« (!? '" "'"«'«'P'>- B"t
" y^'^S and com^ian ; ' f ""*»« that one
■""he" matters to eV^^l! '" ' °"'" "' "^ ««ts
•-• That the Go^^lrof t" '^ "^ "»'^- t"
"•P-M^ in the negoti^nT,, , ^""* ^"■«»'
."" yielding «,d eoCl; A """"'' ""= ""'
«■ *eh the correspZtrc^ jlZ" '^ ""^ """"'«
"■"-^ed at this time * ^^^^ '«» eon-
Tk. ... ..
^e question of the franch
"se was that which Sir
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Alfred Milner and Mr. Chamberlain employed as
a pretext to force a war upon the Republic. Before,
therefore, discussing the negotiations concerning the
franchise question, it is well to mention the fact that,
as early as the beginning of 1899, I had held meet-
ings of the burghers at Rustenburg and Heidelberg
in order to obtain their support for my proposal to
reduce the period required for securing the full fran-
chise from fourteen years to nine years. From there
I went to Johannesburg and there declared at a pub-
lic meeting that I hoped later to reduce the period of
nine years' residence to a still shorter period. This
fact deserves special mention, because it was prob-
ably that which startled Mr. Chamberlain and Sir
Alfred Mihier and impelled them to hurry on the
crisis. Firmly determined as they were to force a
war upon the Republic, these two men saw tha they
must lose no time, since I myself had begun *o intro-
duce reforms which might presently deprive them of
their pretext for going to war. Sir Alfred Milner
was in England at that time, and doubtless turned
his stay to account to arrange with Chamberlain how
they must set to work to carry out their imperialist
programme. By the time he returned, the whole
thing was settled and arranged.
The League at Johannesburg began by drawing
up a petition to the Queen in which they enumerated
a mass of grievances which, as British subjects, they
870
«» ».»iv. «,e petitio; ;t n '"'""^
over the knuckles by the C„ll .e *" ''"PP"'
J-t «ekh.« „ op^*^^. ^ ;' Secret.^, ^„ ,„
wpnsentative of the Briti.!,;- ™'- "■* ««!
J"" .!«. been to Er^^^^^l" "Z"^""'- "ho
h-e" better what w„„B«Z*t ""'"^ *'"""■
«■»«. Sir Alfred mI^/.'™- ^" «« »«»-
BriU* movement eilf"'"*^ *«' « "ti-
»«»«- rfter he had cabled to P„„i", ^'"»' ""'o
"""•ion of theQueenWuhn T'"' '" ""'^' o" «"«
i- Cape Colony^r :e^^XB?rf •""-
A second Defif,«« , ^^ngland.
•""-^nedbnM^Trltth'r'"'^""^^-*"^
^« we« collected byjt l^Tl' '"''* "«»«-
Go'enunent of the Z27 ^ "^ ^'■"«'- The
^«^Hon, whichl,a^"'^°^'«^»«' "'-y -o™
7y.thenamea„fX^*Tt^'«'»' I-theaame
l"««i on the Ms. T^t ^ r^"' '""°''» -«
,««««&es that the J^ZnlT^ ""de^tood. when
•* ««« paid a<IX"!"ir*"*~""''-'«'«'e
"''•* tkey obta-nr"^!^ «"« T""' "^ "'»-
A^w days later the Govern-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
ment at Pretoria received a petition with nearly
28,000 signatures in which the signers, Uitlanders
of every nationality, declared that they were satis-
fied with the admmistration of the country. But it
was not Mr. Chamberlam's obJ2ct to receive a gen-
ume petition, so long as he could obtain a weapon
with which to attack the Republic, and this weapon
was afforded him by the aforesaid petition, which
was speedily dispatched to hun by the British Agent,
Mr. Greene.
Meanwhile, at the commencement of May, Sir
Alfred Mibier had sent a cablegram to England
which would have done credit to a sensation-monger-
ing journalist. In this dispatch, he declared that Her
Majesty's Government must give some striking
proof of its intention not to be ousted from its po-
sition in South Africa, that thousands of British sub-
jects were kept permanently in the position of helots
and that the case for intervention was overwhelming.
Mr. Chamberlain thereupon sent a dispatch, dated
10 May 1899, m which he acknowledged the receipt
of the petition to the Queen, recapitulated all the
grievances of the Uitlanders and ended by suggest-
mg to Sir Alfred Mihier that a conference should
take place between hun and myself at Bloemf ontein
at which the question would be discussed. In the
meantime, prompted by a sincere desire to put an
end to the prevailing disquiet. President Steyn, be-
S7S
>»«. accopted ^rZZn II """""■ ^«
Bloemfontein Confe"r~ . *'"' ''eU-tno,™
'89». and K^ted ^^ZyTZ^ ''^* "^ «-^
Burger and A. D. WoW™ ""' ""' ^chalk
Mr. Abraham F«ter /? / ""' ^""« ^«°™ey.
«»«iof theOrang^^L^tte^' ^f "' ^^'"'■'-
« interpreter. * "^ "^ ^'"''' kwdly offered to act
ner^*or::.';rt^re:*° "*■"«• ^-^-iMil-
manded: """^ '» «" asreement. He de-
1- Franchise after five pp.™' j
2- An alteration in ttl err
8. Increased reprlnl I »"*"'*»«'».•
i» the Volks^ad °*""°" °^ *' "'" burghe™
f~noh.se after five v^ ''T '^''''""='- F""
•". instead of fou^eT^rr ^"^ "^™ ■^«'- »
2- Incre,sed . *' '"" *™ «tood) .
«.eVo.C:f"'"^-'"*»°ftheUit,andersi„
°fi"Cslr"''''''''°"^™"-*<'«''ati„the
•^'-^dn'teror;.""' ""^ ''""*^ ^o-Jd
•depend on fte possession of a certain
*75
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
amount of property and naturalization on the pro
duction of proof that the individual concerned pos
sessed civic rights in his own country. I also aske*
that, as a compensation for the concessions which '.
was making, the British Government should accep
the principle of arbitration in the case of difference
between the two States. Sir Alfred Milner, how
ever, declared that the concessions were quite insuf
ficient.
During this conference, I pointed out to Sir Al
f red that a quantity of the signatures appearing or
the petitions to the Queen were spurious, whereupor
the latter answered :
" Very well, we will investigate the matter."
He asked me whether the petition which had been
addressed to the Government of the Republic did nol
also contain false signatures. I denied this posi-
tively, and said I was prepared at once to appoint a
committee to inquire into the genuineness of both
petitions. I said I was further prepared to grant the
British Government the right of nominating Eng-
lishmen to act as members of this conmiittee. Only
the committee must not be appointed from England
or acquire an official character, as this might make it
appear as though the Republic were under British
suzerainty. Hereupon Sir Alfred would hear no
more, and said:
" Let us drop the subject."
S74
^l^GEH-S FOURTH PRESIDENCV
he had other grievwice, »vT' ^"''"«' *«*
produce them until th. /" *"'"^- '»d refused to
•^"^'rrrs; ' '^"' *° ''^ ^^ -^^^
<>elibe«.tio„; ^^.'ir^^-' -™in« for furthef
:---^4^::rre::^::::
.s-t::"r^et:rrr.^-f- state
»« the propo^ arbitr»tL ^S'^f «»; '""<*■
proposal Sir Alfred Mil„ r^""^' to'fsris which
^''rWendlyatti^fdf t- elr"""? "" *^'--
'W. «d in it the State S«^w /""f * ■'""
«>« proposal to the BritLh r ^ ""^^ *' ^°"'"^-
(DAUf. "'"""* Government:
^^^ act as President of the
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
arbitration tribunal, this person not to be a sabject of one
of the arbitrating parties; and failing agreement upon this
point, the two Governments shaU together name a President;
the decision in every case to take place by a majority of
votes.
(S) The Act of Submission shall in every case be drawn
up jointly by the two Governments, so that each shaU have
the right to reserve and exclude points which appear to it to
be too important to be submitted to arbitration, provided that
thereby the principle itself of arbitration be not frustrated.
(4) The arbitration tribunal shall itself decide the place
of its sittings, and shall deal as it thinks fit with the condem-
nation of parties in the costs, unless special arrangement has
been made concerning these points in the Act of Submission.
(5) The regulations of procedure of this arbitration tri-
bunal can be similar to those agreed to by the Institute of
International Law in the Hague in 1875, in so far as they
do not conflict with the foregoing provisions, and m so far
as they are not amended by both parties in the Act of Sub-
mission.
(6) In order to obtain a test of the suitability of such tri-
bunal, tiiis Government has no objection to its being agreed
that this reference of Conventional differences shall provision-
ally take place for a period of five years.
The letter ended by expressing an earnest hope
that Her Majesty's Government would accept the
proposal, which would put an end to the permanent
feeling of anxiety from which South Africa was suf-
fering.
The proposals were made in the manner set forth
above, with the special purpose of meeting the views
of the British Govermront, as that Government ob-
jected to an arbitration court composed of foreigners
276
^^ i'OUHTH PHESIDENCV
.rbC«r ""' ''*'"' *<" ""'»'■* «U question, to
Meanwhile of
i-l lived nine years tThl' "" *" "^ "''°
»• AH adult sons of fore,„n, u'
«*Wng tteir majorf^ """*^ ""mediately on at-
«"eSz;';;^p--»o.«.e«oid.
The hill „. raembera.
' BUI was passed on the inth „* r ,
^whfle, the Intelligence ^„*! '^^- ^" *«
-«"»die.4w*tar'S^r'' l'^'^
tke Republic. At the s«m T '"'«^ "^^i^st
■>»' yet known). L^rf T,^* "*'"•«'' *" -«
"r* of the too Hepu™ '" ""« ""luest and
*^^S;L^i*^«"'^''^«ent .plied to
'*'• InthisCr^:"*: '"'*'"" M'Heitz-s
»" "xJd not Jr:ren, tf" *"'" '^ ^"^ Mil-
f^ '» tie BritisT^! '"™'"^'* °^ «"« P">-
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
that the question of finding a remedy for the griev-
ances of the Uitlanders should first be disposed of.
Furthermore, he intimated that the scheme drawn
up by Mr. Reitz was not acceptable to Her Majesty's
Government, seeing that, to make no mention of
other objections, the president of the court, accord-
ing to that scheme, could not be a subject of either of
the arbitrating parties.
At the beginning of July, the leaders of the Af-
rikander part5% Messrs. Hofmeyer and Herholdt,
went from Cape Tow^ to Bloemfontein and thence
to Pretoria to persuade the Government still further
to simplify the new Franchise Law in such a way as
to make the seven years' clause retrospective: so that
every one who had spent seven years or more in the
Republic could obtain the franchise at once; those
who had been six years in the country would have to
wait one year more in order to obtain the franchise;
those ones who had spent th.ee years in the country
must wait four years more, and so on. Their sug-
gestions found a ready hearing among the memhers
of the Government and the Volksraad, who were in-
clined to make even more concessions for dear peace
On the 18th of July, probably after having been
informed by Messrs. Hofmeyer and Herholdt of the
result of their mission, the Cape Ministry issued a
note m which they expressed the conviction that there
278
public. " *^ """""J «ff.in of the He!
On the 20th if j i
Council teleg^phed to L!!;' "f"'^ Uithmde„'
"tisfled Witt the pj^httr ^' ""^ '^«« -t
P^ (the W of the mhtrr^f "^ •*•»* been
Onthe27thofJui;rrl f^-
^ i» which he ml;^t^'""«^ «"» « di.
"nference, p^rsist^a i^hT^, ^ '"""'' »»« the
theletter but U,e spirit of ttT? ".*""" ***' »»t only
™* <■•- been «.™' tt^'™ ^""-"tion of
ment of the Republic ^ ^ ]^ ""^ ** Govern-
—•o„^/4;^^».^^V maintaining ^
^881 (respecting the <?» • Convention of
He-jeCedthe^^tSTr? -«" "^ ^
'» «>8«erted that ^"~" ■»"«■ «lthough
r'*«' to the Hii''^f • ^'"»"«'h«n tele.
^■*l«nd ™d «,e CbnT ''"'^* «-t
'*» l««d, „d to enTui!™^' ^"'^ '"^<* h«l
*«< « sufficient «Zrj " '^ '"'' -o'J'J
"^; if this we. not tl^ f "^ '''*'«"''-
««ltoations might be nl^ "^ "''** """o'tions
'"'°° of the London CoTv!^ ""^ " "^ "°-
Co^venfon of igg*. f„, « j.
I
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUI. KRUGER
hardly possible to imagine a clearer case of inter-
ference with the internal affairs of the Republic.
The State Secretary, accordmgly, replied on the
12th of August, calling Mr. Chamberlain's attention
to the fact that, according to the Convention of 1884,
the British Government was not to meddle m the
internal affairs of the Republic, and expressed
the hope that, in making his proposal, Mr. Cham-
berlain did not mean to encroach upon the rights
of the Republic. The State Secretary further gave
expression to the opinion that the object which
Mr. Chamberlain had m view in the appointment of
a joint commission could be as easily attained by ask-
ing questions and obtaining information about the
measure. He also observed to Mr. Chamberlain that
a jurlgment could only be formed as to whether a
law answered its purpose or not, if it had been in
operation for some time.
On the 15th of August, the State Attorney, Mr.
J. C. Smuts, had an interview with the British Agent,
in which he asked him whether Her Majesty's Gov-
ernment would consider the seven years' retrospec-
tive franchise, with an increase of seats for the Uit-
landers in the Volksraad, to be sufficient and, in that
case, waive the joint commission. Mr. Greene an-
swered that he did not know whether Her Majesty's
Government would consent to abandon their demand,
but that the position was very critical; that Her
S80
M«J«ty'. Government lud „ j
Uitl^der., ^ iHatl,Zi "ff* P""»^ to the
%«> to insist on ^L '"^- *«*fo«, be ob-
toemploy force. lL~ T"- '^ """-y.
*« South African h'''^^''"" **' ""-y -^-ceZ
^y with the den,»rput f " ""^'^ ^'*^^
t.vep«.po»UoHerM.je4.t>^;^^«'t«™..
0) The Government are wiM.n- ♦
"-d-d the people a five y^^^l ''''°""*"'^ *« *he Volk..
, («) The new burghers »h,n °,f °°'^^''»rth of the toWL
W That H« BriK.h M.iXTr ""™"-
J3, °* ^*"™ « precedent
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
:or fatore ■imllw action, and that, in the fntare, no
interference in the internal affairs of the Republic
will take place.
(6) That Her Majesty's Govemment will not further in-
sist on the assertion of the Suaerainty, the contro-
versy on this subject being allowed tacitly to drop
(c) That arbitration from which foreign element, other tlir.n
Orange Free State, is to be excluded, will be conceo id
as soon as the franchise scheme has become law.
(6) Immediately on Her British Majesty's Govemment ac-
cepting this proposal for a settlement, the Government will
ask the Volksraad to adjourn for tin: purpose of consulting
thei people about It, and the whole scJieme might become law,
■ay, within a few weeks.
(7) In the meantime the form and scope of the proposed
tribunal are also to be discussed and provisionally agreed upon,
whUe the franchise scheme is being referred to the people, so
that no time may be lost in . <tting an end to the present state
of affairs.
The State Secretary ended by saying " that the
Govemment trusts that Her Majesty's Govemment
will clearly understand that in the opinion of this
Grovemment, the existing franchise law of this Re-
public is both fair and liberal to the new population,
and that the consideration that induces them to go
further, as they do in the above proposals, is their
strong desu-e to get the controversies between the two
Governments settled; and, further, to put an end
to the present strained relations between the two
Governments, and the incalculable harm and loss it
has already occasioned in South Africa, and to pre-
vent a racial war, from the eflfects of which South
282
««M««S POUETH PMSIDEWV
««m» the necewity of preventt^r^ Government.
f"m develop..^ ^[iu ChTlVl'"'^' »»«
» -ly te^ination of the p^er^ ^ZT^-"'
would expedite the «c~nt..,l. - '"'^"^
Hement heVoffe^^"^*"" " "'"*•' °^ *« «*-
-^ lener of tfe";:S. t/Cr^Tth'"' ""'"^
ter. he makes it elear th.Mh ' '*""'' '«*-
question of fran^Tj .1 ' ''"'^ "««^» *>•«
patch of the iTlh „^ T '!?'**"'»«»"■- in the dis-
™y<»„d!«rofrM™i':^«"^«'-
:'rxx! -'"--- ^--™
-of^e:r::i;r"«°--^-t«e.
■^rC ZT^J'^ """^ •^*- *« state Atto.
— :o::--trrr
288
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KI^UGER
poials into coniidcration. Thii would cause the pro-
potal for a joint commission to lapse.
On the 25th of August the so-called Uit. -ndere'
Council and the South African League declared that
the franchi reforms were still insufficient, and de-
manded fui.icr "reforms," such as the disarming
of the Boers ana the demolition of the forts.
On the 26th of August, Mr. Chamberlain made
a speech on the occasion of a garden-party at his
place at Highbury, in which, among other things,
he said:
Mr. Kruger dribblet out refonns like water from a iqueMed
tponge, and he either accompaniea his offeri with condiUoni
which he knowi to be iinpoasible, or he refiwei to nllow us to
make a satisfactory invesUgaUon ( ' the nature of these re-
forms. . . . Thi sands are ru.ining down In the glaw.
. The knot must be loosened ... or else we shall
have to find other w.ivs of untying it
On the 80 h of August, he sent a dispatch in whid
he stfcted, among other things, that Her Majesty's
Grovernment assumed that the adoption in principle
of the franchise proposals would not be hampered
by any conditions which would impair their effect;
that Her Majesty's Government were unable to ap-
preciate «iie objections entertained by the Govern-
ment of the South African Republic to a joint com-
mission of inquiry; that Her Majesty's Government,
however, would appoint a commission on their side to
institute an inquiry into thi law and to make the nec-
884
K«UGEH>S FOURTH PRESIDENCY
••^"y «uggertion« to the r^^
«<• the condition, of the r„„ '"' '*«*«'
Africa Hep„b,ie, Mr cw'T"' °' "" '""'*
intervention^Her mI ■.^S^':^-" "•«• «» «««"»,
tt« fulflhnent of the ^ ' "T"'""''*^ ««*
t^tment of the UH J~ """' '"'' '"^ J-"*
«iel»rthem«Ive, f^„T ?™'™"™* «"'<• "<*
Cl-mberlain „f!L* ^f^ '" ""' »-e"""ty, Mr.
■Vtch, in whic^Te * . !,'™'™' *" " '""»«
««' existed. C^^^ttr"**'™""^"'^
«' "bitration, he .^^ ^ ^^^^^C^^ ''^^-""
"«i -cope of such a tribunal f"^"""" "^ *e fonn
f-'rignersandforei.mlT " "*"* '""^'''e'.
*«ld take place bet^„ „„,' '^^'l" «>»'^-«nce
■"^oner at Cape ToIT T ""'' "" "«h Com-
''— othi™:tt!:!fi'r'"«^'«""'»«'«t
«" be settled by the ^Zi ^^ ""^ ''W* could
•»«>« Uitlandei^d^™* ° J""'""' "-epresentation
'"-^-„ceto"„t:^t''^""°'^'°'^"''^^»'»
283
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KlfUGER
Mr. Chamberlain afterwards declared that, in this
dispatch, he accepted the proposals of the Govern-
ment of the South African Republic as set forth
above. He is probably the only man m the world
who read his dispatch in this light: every impartial
judge will think the opposite.
On the 81st of August, Sir Alfred Mihier tele-
graphed to Mr. Chamberlain:
'The purport of aU the representations made to me is to urge
prompt and decided action; not to deprecate further inter-
ference on the part of Her Majesty's Government. British
South Africa is prepared for extreme measures. . . • I
fear seriously that there will he a strong reaction of feehng
against the poUcy of Her Majesty's Government if matters
drag.
In reply to Mr. Chamberlam's dispatch of the 80th
of August, the State Secretary, on the 2d of Septem-
ber, wrote to the British Agent at Pretoria that the
Government of the South African Republic had
heard with the deepest regret that Her Majesty's
Government had not seen their way to accept the pro-
posals which were set forth in the notes of the 19th
and 21st of August, under the conditions attached
thereto, the more so as the Government had supposed
from semi-official discussions that it might infer that
its proposal would have been acceptable to Her Ma-
jesty's Government. In consequence, the Govern-
ment of the South African Republic considered that
286
2^9^.1»r^S ASE^^^ "WSS*
Its proposal had lapsed w«.
lateral inquirr, the r„^ "*"^ *" *« <mi-
"^ould ap^Ct^h^":^^"; ''"I.'^-'"-- ^^ it
>« ■»«»* mo™ effective I * """""' ^"^ ""isht
Volk^^ad. It appeared', hoiTr;'^'*^-*''^
>n«s of a unilateral J '* *"* **« And-
-ebefo„,,eti7„rtrr r'^"^ >"■»
«'y tested, would probaf.; h^':/;;:,''''' "^ P«>P-
"■g to the remarks made by Mr c ' ™ ^'"'■
■n the note of the 1 9th of 4 7 Proposals
t«y observes: '^"«"'''' ^^ State Secre-
(«) Thai lu, Govem„.„, i,
M.J«.J.'. Government shoUd. >»".'' " '"'«"''»' «■«' Her
'• WW h.. Jreadjr been Jl, ""' Government acco«li„» J
"' t^, .rgmnenb, and cj. ""P^Huon. to repeat
n?it-t:;---=T.errn.-£i
Gove^ment we.^™/'^ "«* »- Majesty's
,"*«■ "gard to the f Z^. ™*" '"'" "'g-'tialions
"-«i.owever„otc"™:o1tr^'"™* *""•»'"•
287
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
(o) If Her Majesty's Government consents that b"Jghers
of the Orange Free State may also be appointed as members
of such tribunal.
(6) What subjects shall be submitted to the decision of such
court.
(c) What are the subjects Her Majesty's Government thinks
cannot be laid before such court. Her Majesty's Government
states that there are such points, but does not specify them.
The object contemplated by the Government of
the South African Republic, i.e., the securing of a
final regulation of all points at issue, would, it opined,
be altogether frustrated by these limitations. With
reference to the recommendation of a conference to
be held, the Government would await further com-
munications from Her Majesty's Government. The
State Secretary went on to remark that the proposal
made by his Government with reference to the fran-
chise and representation of the Uitlanders was
extremely liberal, and, as a matter of fact, went fur-
ther than the propositi ns of the High Commis-
sioner put forward at the Bloemfontein Conference;
that the conditions attached by his Government did
not demand from the side of Her Majesty's Govern-
ment any abandonment of existing rights under the
Convention of London of 1884; that the Government
of tlie South African Repubhc could never have ex-
pected that the answer of Her Majesty's Govern-
ment to its proposal would be unfavorable; that it
continued to cherish the hope that a solution of exist-
S88
»ded hi, letter by ajl ' *""" ^""""y
On the I2th of sJf r ^'"'"''^■■Wn.
»f the British si":tr '''• '''^-'' » --o-'f
Majesty's Gove„™'^'"- """ «"d «>at Her
""■ek to it, f„, 7t"* ~"f "•" ""^ consent to go
"■at Her M.jestys GoCleM •*"'"' ""^--» =
to a«*pt the proposals 1^"^''*" ""^^^-i
-iether joint or lul^rr™' "'"' ^'"P^^-
--d not he encCh^^t; tr- """* *^ ^-^"-^
-"1% it, intentions „;" "l"''""'™ '^hieh would
"•t the new members of L yir^T ''''^^
Penoitted to u,e their own ll ""^ ''°"" "-e
'*' by pressing forL^fT ^--xJ^dhis
»^«»«that.if thL^ywjr "'' "P'^' '"^
«", Her Majesty', r^I 'f'*"'" ■»• "eonclu-
'ovulate its own proLt T"""" ^' ^^ and to
To this the S^^TT ' * ^'" '''"^ent.
^tember, that tl r^ '^ "P"^"' "" '"e I3th of
"^-t that C MaSrr '"™'' ^"^ --P
'"""tation and ZJ^V, ^"^"^ent withdraw
•^ P«.po,al; Lt r '" '*^ P'«« an entirely
ovemment of the 19th and 21,t of
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
August was induced by suggestions given by the
British Agent to the State Attorney, and these were
accepted by his Government in good faith, and on
express request, as equivalent to an assurance thai
the proposal would be acceptable to the British Gov-
ernment; that his Government could not disguise
from itself that, in making the proposal contained
in its note of the 19th of August, it probably rar
t^e danger not only of its being disclaimed by th(
Volksraad and by the people, but also that its aceep
ta.nce might affect the independence of the state by
as therein proposed, giving an immediate vote in th(
legislature of the state to a large number of inpour
ing foreigners; but it set against that the continuou
threatening and undoubted danger to its highl:
prized independence arising from the claim of suze
rainty made by Her Majesty's Government, fron
the interference of that Government in the interne
affairs of the RepubUc and from the want of an au
tomatically working method of regulating differ
ences between Her Majesty's Government and th
Government of the Republic, and was in conse
quence prepared to recommend to the Volksraai
and to the people to run the danger attached to th
offer made in order to avoid the certainty of th
greater danger; inasmuch, however, as uie condi
tions attached to the proposal, tbe acceptance o
290
-Pected that it shou~:Vr" " "•"" "^
As «g.rf, tte point .*«t fte "eVL^T "^ «»*•
»peak their own language inT ^ ^' *""'''
Gove™„e„t „„,„ n^Z^l^Z""^^ ""'
I"™* mad. :„y ^^ P«,mL C'rf "'"'"'
••■y ended bk letter ■,„ „ ' ^^^ Secre-
•-" ^or a joint ^^^^L ' ! 7 "^ °"" P^
to the p„«„t ^^ ~» "»<> *- put «, end
To this letter of the <5fo* o
A«™t replied, on thf^^l ^f ^T^^T ^^ «"«*
M-Je^t,. Government hfdlt^^tn *^' """
•■on repeated its assurances that^H ^ "' "^■
'"terfere in .ny wav IT^iT . ^ "" ^«''« *»
s»"«.Af.ean';^r?;rr™'^"'«"«
^e so) ; that it had not aLrtlT "" "'^^
»«■« than those w" '^"^ 1 *^ ^P""-
»«»ion on the L„nr ^""""^ ^•"*« « dis-
^'°P«»"»forafin:f:tie:ett" r-*^"-- "
^^ment , ig^ues which
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
had been created in South Africa by the policy con-
stantly followed for 30 many years by the Govern-
ment of the South African Republic.
On the 17th of September, the State Secretary
asked the High Commissioner for explanations re-
garding the concentration of troops on the frontiers
of the South African Republic. The High Com-
missioner replied that those troops were there to de-
fend British interests and in order to be prepared
for " possibilities."
On the 22d of September, the mobilization of an
army corps for Soi h Africa was annoimced in
England, and, on the 28th of September, it was an-
nounced that the greater part of that army corps
would leave for South Africa without delay. The
Government thereupon commandeered the greater
part of the burghers to take up their position near
the frontiers of the Republic, in order to be pre-
pared for a sudden attack on the part of England.
On the 30th of September, the State Secretarj-
informed the British Agent that he would be glad to
know the decision of the British Government {U.
with reference to the " own proposals " announced
in the dispatch of 25 September). Mr. Chamber-
lain answered, on the 2d of October, that the dis-
patch of Her Majesty's Government was being pre-
pared, but that it would not be ready for some days.
It is clear that Mr. Chamberlain only desired to gam
392
KHUGEHS FOUBTH PHESIDENCV
"■^er to make every effoT T "^ '"*''^'™'' »
On the ,9th of Self L^' Z '""'*' *" »™« --.
telegraphed to P^^Zt ^t "?' C™'™-™er
o^.t-p. o.^in„.r;t:tiSt*:p: r-*--
"- 'y.n« to the*:r Tffivs: t^'^t '^™"'-
« a portion of it. „i„ht h," ,' "'' *•*• «» ♦""» force,
of the 0«„ge C St!lT°"!'"'"*^•»«'^-
»ner. thought ,t «!!;f'^ *^ "'g'' Com^i,.
"ith this mc^eJelt :: te """"""' «" «»"-
f"end]y settlement of thldiff^ '"^"' "' "
»n«n between it and the L'f r" """" "'"»
'«t that, should ttis hi uXtn^^fr ^'"'"'■"■
f°»-M, the British pL "*"""»*tely be disap-
0»"«e F«3e StTtet ^°™™"^'" '""ked to the
"•' unable to see Z.t' °, i^' "™' ''"y- «"■' he
"» of for« ^ ft ir <l]v , f """^ •*"'«««' 'he
»f tension in Souft^S "^*'™- «-»8 the state
zoning of troops near the bor-
^03
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
ders of the Orange Free State, since the burghei
would consider this a menace to that state. If, ther
fore, unwished-for developments should arise, tl
responsibility would not rest with the Grovemmei
of the Orange Free State. His Honor conclude
his telegram by stating that he would view with dee
regret any disturbance of those friendly relatioi
which hitherto had existed between Great Britai
and the Orange Free State.
On the 27th of September, the Volksraad of tl
Orange Free State adopted a resolution in which
declared that no cause for war existed, that such
war would be morally a war against the whole whh
population of South Africa, but that, come whi
might, the Orange Free State would honestly an
faithfully observe its obligations arising from tJ
political alliance with the South African Republi
At the same time the Government was instructed I
do everything in its power to contribute by peacef i
efforts towards the solution of the existing diflfei
ences.
That same day, the 27th of September, Presider
Steyn sent a dispatch to the High Commissioner i
which he reminded him of the ties of blood an
friendship by which the Orange Free State wa
bound both to Cape Colony and the South Africa
Republic, and, in addition, of the close political a!
liance between the two Republics. He said that i
294
KRUGEHS FOUHTH PRESIDENCV
«» Orange P«e s^Ite ^ . "^ '"^''y "J"' ««
South African Kepub^ ^" °"'^<' "^ *«
wwch it .^^ «,.^ the Brit rr *'' ''""' '•-
"riUing to act viz " t„ 7 Government w«,
of the Hepublic; " that! :^rj^;"'^™" '"^'""
Bepublic, encouraged tl, 1 . ^o^rament of the
^- State. ..:':S*~>^«;««<'vioe of the
Uitlandem, the BritiA n * ™"*' '''' **«
'"« the L^^^o^^"^"' '«<> deputed
•ffai^oftheBei^i-Ctr" "*^ ""-«'
"■amiMion of inouH^' t f '^"'" '<"• *« Joint
«.y sWo/ofTuTt- Tha ""f *^* '"^ '^y'""'
tte Government of tte A "''*'''**'"*nff this,
«.e South™ „i^: °"r *''" ^"•^ '""^d
"' the Brittf ^veS t tH''* ""^ ""*»««»
l»rtW investieation^t*' ' '"''* **' » to"
•^ -.t. ther«for;Z 1 T "' "^«°«''«°°'
««-™ment of the O^^e ^rtrtetrT '"^
'P-^d that the British Gfve~ :1"'''° '* *"■"■
proposal and that rt. ™'™'«nt now rejected its
that the unfortunate tension seemed
295
!'
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
to be only increasing; that the Government of tl
Orange Free State was still prepared to tender i
services to procure a peaccx^ul solution of existir
difficulties, but that it felt itself hampered now i
in the past (a) by a want of knowledge as to tl
definite object and extent of the demands of t\
British Government, compliance with which thi
Government considered itself entitled to insist upoi
and (6) by the fact that, notwithstanding the n
peated assurances " the British Government that
did not wish to interfere in the internal affairs c
the Republic nor to disturb its independence, thi
Government bid pursued a policy which seeme
to justify a contrary conclusion. As an instance i
support of this contention, His Honor mentione
the enormous and ever-increasing military prepan
tions on the part of the British Government, indicai
ing a policy of force and coercion, notwithstandin
the alleged friendly nature of the negotiations. Hi
Honor, therefore, trusted that Her Majesty's Go\
emment might see its way clear to stop any furthe
movements or increase of troops on or near th
borders of both States, pending the arrival of th
further dispatch intimated as about to be sent, am
further to give an assurance to that effect; and addei
that his Government would be glad to be favoret
with the precise nature and scope of tl^e concessions
the adoption of which Her Majest> s Govemnien
996
considered itself entitled f« i •
difference,. ?*""«««« «>lutio„ „f ^.^.^.^^
On the 2d of October n v
*e High c„™„i.-i„„™;„ "' ''^^■" "^"""^j
""d-'ended «.., „, .^,*^^ » ^^ "^ the to..„y
"nret, and of the continn.l ' P«v«,li„g
»f t«„p, on two sid^fof t^ 0""" '"" ■""«
»nJer to satisfy th<m that ^ "^ " '""'«''«" ■'•>
"ken to guard their Lrfe"' ''T::"'*""' '^ ^''
»«« looking forward to. ^;r; ;"'.'"? *" "« -»
W* of September. '^ '^ *° *" *»!»«* of the
^« High Commissioner renhWI ...
«««tting that the Pre,ident b\, T """ """' ''»>'
*er,.„d declaring mTml^ ''""^ "^ *' >»■>-
^ South African ilS°T "'" ■""- ««•*
''-ncentlt::;^:;™*^*'''^ October, that
V the South Afril Z tr ™ "' ''''*'" ^"'"tier
'«"" of the consw t?^'" ""' ""'^ «"= natural
«■«> -vement n tl r^:" ^"""' •^"^ '""
^f'- Hedidnot howd*' '''^"-'"
---.tr.p-s:tr^;-:;^
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
attack upon the Transvaal. He went on to press for
an answer to his dispatch of the 27th of September.
The High Commissioner answered, on the same
day, that all the movements of British troops had
been necessitated by the natural ahmn of the inhabi-
tants in exposed districts and were not comparable
in magnitude with the massing of armed forces on
the borders of Natal by the Government of the
$outh African Republic.
The President replied, also on the 8d of October,
that he did not consider that the movements of Brit-
ish troops had been necessitated by the natural alarm
of the inhabitants in exposed districts, nor in fact
had he ever thought that there were any grounds
justifying such movements. On the contrary, the
ever-increasing military preparations, both in Eng-
land and South Africa, had retarded and hamF«d
the efforts that had been made to effect a fair set-
tlement. He ascribed the failure to arrive at a solu-
tion of existing difficulties to the bitter and hostile
tone of utterances, made both by responsible men
and by the English press in South Africa and Eng-
land, bristling with misrepresentations and menace
to the Transvaal, accompanied by ever-increasing
miUtary preparations, not only in South Africa and
in England, but throughout the British Empire,
which were openly stated to be directed against the
Transvaal. He wished to place on record his earnest
298
• PoUcy of men«. ,Sf„^, "".""•^ '".ugurated
P«« .nd .„ ho„o«ble «ttfcL„?'^J'"' "'.«™«
but recognize the f^i tt.V • "' ""W "ot
^"1 <^ve™.„e„tt:dtT^Lt "T;;' *"^ ^""'■
itli«l done. He w„ th. ° '""' '^"« "
Oy the f«. that Zt r.r "T" '■" *" "™
tbe ™»on,bie request therein ml ,Lt^! '
I 1 further movement of Rrit-TV '™'*'*
t.yed,whiehif «^edr f '"°P' "'""W •«
-ted thet^nT^^fo^r '"'"'"'■'^'"'-I-
^ AfHean «« J^d in-S^X^h d ""
»»ly been ignored but «rtivitvl ^1. '^ ""*
««» »<. the dispateh of Cl*:';^^ P^P-
»«« penistently th«, ever W. *°"'« °"
«»» to judge ChXr 1 "" ""' '" • P°»'-
-p.onthe'boi^rth^irrr* °;^""*
"M comparable or n„f """" Republic
■»»«i»«r.™^ follTf""'' "'* *e reeent
«>" on .11 3ide,, ^ ^; E„ ■ . r "°* "^ ''"«°"™
*« «»ertion oo« ff * P-*" ""«• "--"ere.
^'itiAtnx.psaCdvLl """""'"" «»* '^e
• »>«tch for the^l *' r""^ '^''^ •""« «»n
the und«e,pl,ned burgher force of the
3P9
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Republic. Moreover, troops were being dispatchec
abnost daily from England, which would justify i
conviction in the minds of the burghers of the Soutl
African Republic that England had abandoned an\
idea of attempting to arrive at a solution of differ
ences except by force.
On the 4th of October, the High Commissionei
replied that there was, he thought, a conclusive reph
to His Honor's accusation against the policy of Hei
Majesty's Government, but that no good purpose
would be served by recrimination; that the presenl
position was that burgher forces were assembled ii
very large numbers in immediate proximity to tlw
frontier of Natal, while the British troops occupied
certain defensive positions well within those borders
Ht would not despair of peace and felt sure that anv
reasonable proposal, from whatever quarter pro
ceeding, would be favorably considered by Hei
Majesty's Government.
On the 5th of October, the President replied thai
he was prepared to make a proposal, but that he con-
sidered it would not be practicable to induce the Gov-
ernment of the South African Republic to make or
entertain proposals or suggestions, unless the troops
menacing their states were withdrawn farther from
their borders, and an assurance were also given by
Her Majesty's Government that all further dispatch
and increase of troops would at once, and during
300
KRUGER.S FOURTH PRESmv^Cy
negotiations, be stopped, and thai th„
remain as far remnvpr? • , "' - '' '>"«d
of possible hos~ ^Ctl^ 'r '"' -^™
His Excellency the „„ . "" "««' "P""
-^withont^dXS~^^ -;*'-.«
hs way clear to give effect to these hr™''' ^''"•
w.^es; and if so he would take stito 1;" "'"'
surance from the South African r' M ""
«"ard against any act of ' ''"° '^''*'-
airainst any portion " h", "iIT'T'." '"'''"'^
He would further support aV^e'l! ^"'"'™'-
Which would possess the' L LT;; '' ^'"^'^
«.e assurance of a, asting;::;"""'"^ ""<»«-
0<^S ^rf'""" '^P"^'^- ™ «>« «* of
^ouM -«^t a a l^r "=" *"'" *^ ^-^nt
«sc»[, as a condition Dreceripn+ +^ ^ x.
»got.ations, an assurance f,C Her '/"*''
Government hamperin<r it. f T M«J«ty's
«Sanl to the dis^S of R t t" "' '^''^ "'*''
territory. Such an » ^ *""'P^ ™ ^ri'^h
'- talk H^f crrr " "" '■"•»-"" ^-
«» the other hanf thP ^7"°™™' *» give. If,
"'ance that ^^'d '''"''"' ™"" "''t'"- «» «»-
H» Majestvl^ '' ''^ ^"^ P^'P-'-d to advise
*e like T^. ^™™»»t to give an assurance to
S'^^^plied, on the same day, that he could not
801
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL K'RUGER
be expected to ask the South African Republic t
continue negotiations in the face of the faet tha
from all sides of Her Majesty's dominions troop
were being poured into South Africa with th
avowed object of coercing the South African Re
public into accepting whatever terms Her Majesty'
Government might decide to impose. The Presi
dent added that he had no doubt that, in so far a
Her Majesty's troops were intended for the defenc
of Her Majesty's possessions, the same purpos
could be effected in another way, and he would b
willing to assist in its being effected; but the poin
which he thought it fair to urge was that it woul
be taken by the South African Republic as virtuall
amounting to an act of hostility on the part of He
Majesty's Government to be continuously increa;
ing their forces during the negotiations.
On the 7th of October, His Honor received
reply to his dispatch of the 27th of September, i
which the British Government stated that it had r<
peatedly explained its views on the questions at issu
between it and the Government of the South Afr
can Republic, and did not think its position ope
to misunderstanding; but, if the President of tli
Orange Free State desired elucidation of any specij
point, it was prepared to give it. As regards th
military preparations, they had been necessitated b
the policy of the South African Republic of cor
302
jr^^^^ ^OUKTH PKESIDENCV
In Xt o/'thtSoI° f f;™""™' ""ed camp.
Majesty, Gove~ " """ ''*?"'''''• »"
tion. j.i„« ^zr:;~f rr '""-■
-ta„/L4:,tt:terrr« ^""'-
". order was issued f„. the ZTC^^T^ *""^
«>fps for South Africa. "'"^^^ "f an army
On the 9th of October, President
telegram to the Hieh cLI ' ' *"' *
«.e statement that t ShrrT'""" '-""'"« *"
V Her Majesty-s G^^entnt""" """^
••ted by the Jon ^Z^l If- I ""^™-
He again urg«, the J^t^^ tfT ^'"""''■
sides, such withdrawal M i ^ "*' ^ *«*
Her MaiesX r '"^^ "" ""d^rtaking by
--e Of t^ps.^™™"'"* *" »'°I' *« ^"*« in!
«. a war. °-8»f««ons to m and to bring
SOS
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KHUGER
The Government of the South African Republi
clearly saw what the British Government wantec
that a collision was inevitable, and that the Britis
Government was only waiting to send its ultimf
turn until sufficient troops had arrived in Sout
Africa to overwhelm the Repubhc from every sid(
When it realized that a war was inevitable, that t
make concessions availed nothing and that its onl
chance lay in compelling the British Government t
display its real intentions before all the British trooj
were landed, the Government of the South Africa
Republic had recourse to extreme measures, and, o
the 9th of October, wrote a letter to the Britis
Agent, the so-called " Ultimatum." In this doci
ment the Government once more set forth how En^
land had not the slightest right to interfere in th
internal affairs of the Republic; how the Republ
had yet found occasion to discuss in a friendly fasl
ion the franchise and the representation of the pe(
pie with Her Majesty's Government; how on tl
part of Her Majesty's Government the friendly ni
ture of those discussions had assumed a more an
more threatening tone; how Her Majesty's Goveri
ment had finally broken off all friendly correspoi
dence on the subject ; how the RepubUc was still wai
ing for the proposal which the British Governmer
had promised to make for a final settlement; how, i
view of the British military force on the frontier
804
KRUGEH'S FOUHTH PRESIDENCV
the Republic had been obliged as a dpf •
sure, to send a portion nf ,u u ^^^^nsive mea-
oonffict with the London C„t ^ "'P"''"''' ™
<»u»ed » intoie.Wet^iu::;:;,.''^'*^*' *"'
-"id. the G„venm,e„t felt Zv M . "^ '°
^r^ not only of the KepubtL*!'?' "" t' '"•
nca, to make an end m L. " ^'"'"' ^f"
f«« fdt itseiri r f ^"■'^' ""^ "'^'-
-e.ty and wi^^^e^E fra:"''"'' *° •"-»
■nination of this state o- T "^"i-ate ter-
«^ve It the assurance:
(«) That all nointa ^f . ,
an^cable waylay be L^Tu°"^^^^ o' by whateJTr
^esty's Govemn^ent ^ ''^ "»" Government with Her
^;i'u; euhtr;- ''- ^-'^^ -- *^» Bep„bl,e 3haU
-thin a reasonable L to i \''' ^^aU be remov^
'™»ent, and with a Tutaa^ "^'""'^ °P°° ^th this Gc^
P»« of this Governor* ItTo'r ^ ^^'^*^^ ^ ^^
^^-""t, any portion of the 1" "^ "P°°' "' ho««li«es
27* «hall be made by theTnTr "' *'^ ^'""^ ^ov-
«°^«tions, within a period of ti f u' '^"'"« ^»^h« "e-
805
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
The dispatch ended by requesting Her Majesty'
Government to return an answer before or upoi
Wednesday the 11th of October, not later than ,
o'clock p.m., adding that, in the event of no satisf ac
tory answer being received within that hiterval, th
RepubUc would with great regret be compelled t
regard the action of Her Majesty's Government as
formal declaration of war and would not hold itsel
responsible for the consequences thereof, and tha
in the event of any further movements of troops tali
ing place within the above-mentioned time in th
nearer directions of the borders of the Republic, Ih
Government would be compelled to regard that ah
as a formal declaration of war.
On the 11th of October, Mr. Greene brought tt
reply of the British Government to the effect ih
the conditions demanded by the Government of t\
South African Republic were such as Her Majesty
Government deemed it impossible to discuss, i?
the same time he asked for his passports, in order 1
enable bun to leave the country. And so, in spite (
all the concessions, all the patience and indulgen(
of the Republic, the war broke out. The Volksraai
which was sliU sitting, adjourned when it becan
evident that hostilities were soon to begin; both oi
Volksraad and that of the Orange Free State unan
mously declared themselves ready to risk their liv(
S06
KKUGER-s FOUKTH PRESIDENCY
the tunnoil of war.' " *^'™ during
The course and the vidssitudes of th» .
oome w.lhi„ the seope of these Memofrf f ""'
no person.] part in the fightinrT^V"" ^ '"""^
TOrk before me, which kent " "^ ' *«■'«»'
«i«ht. All looked to me II I ""'""^"' •'"J' ""d
elation. Daily I «°tTff ■ "**' '^"'^ »d "»>■
-dos. en»/.,C:J,«^-allthec„n..
burghers. These labors fullv „ ^''hortmg the
f«.n. eight b, twelve and^hl "^'^ '"^ ""'"'■■''«»
f«- or five o'clock VoimT''f '""" *"- *"
Gove.™„ent buildings. I w^^'^J"" ' '-™ the
*« get up aga,„ at eleven ^21^ ^ "* "«'"■ ""'y
«»* k-d come to hand. iZ^^^ *' '^'^^""^
■»»pect any dispatches that^^ °'°" " **''• *"
«»e,a„ditwas'ofttwli™ T ""^ ■"-
■»y «st again. T„ tb. i / ^^""^ ^ ""Id seek
*. ».y sleep Z fetl T^ "™" '"^'^ °" eveiy
-'T n.«ht/a„d f:;!™[;^ '^r "'^ *„. tin,:
»0"ierthatIn,i„hrd!!? L :"'" "^ ^°" «»«.
^'V I -as .^.^mIT '"^ '^'^«'''- without
'o«ow „p«, „, ^;^2° "^ '"'^'' ""d did not
•^n Edition. " *" *''<^ Appendix.-AV* 6„ ^J^^if ^ ?"'"»^
"!/ lite l.itttor of th« Oer-
S07
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
lose courage when reverses were announced,
many of my telegrams could show, had they not be
scattered to the winds.
After the reUef of Ladysmith. I went myself
Natal to exhort the burghers to keep courage.
Glencoe, where the burghers had once more taken
their position, I addressed them in a long spee
pointing out the urgency of keeping up the fig
'General Joubert spoke to them to the same effect
I had scarcely returned to Pretoria, when I w
to Bloemfontein in order to proceed thence,
wagon, to Poplar Grove, on the Modder Rn
where I intended also to address and encourage
burghers. But I could not come so far, for I 1
only just reached General De Wet, when I ^
obliged to go back, as French, mth his mouii
troops, had effected a turning movement and I wa
danger of bemg cut off. Heavy fighting took pi
on my arrival, for the EngUsh general in comm
knew of my presence, and I had only just time to
tire: I had hardly crossed the Modder River, w
French arrived with his cavaky. Here, however,
la Rey, who had just arrived with his staff, flung \
self against him and held him in check until the la^
and guns were safe. As I resumed my homev
course, the shells were flying all around me, and
fell just behmd the cart in which I was seated
was, therefore, obliged to return to Pretoria,
808
KKUGKR-S FOUHTH PRESIDENCY
went straight on to Kroonrturt .i
tte h„rghe„ »d .t^n7r "" """'"'«'
It WM on this occasion that t^^ , ' """"^ "'' "'"••
-1 dc Vi»eboi,-Ma^*r,^i^:!P^!'-"»'-.ed Co,.
Generd of the Fo«ig„ Lc^"^*^ *"' P«»>">«on to
with mc for «, „any ye^'irb ' ""'"■ *°«^*"
^ Hi, death wLp^fT^d/v'"*"''''''^''"'^
whole people, and the,; .^ """'^ ^ the
•™«te]y he h«,, befo^hrsdll :«*'"• ^'»-
E"«pe to endeavor to 1, ''"'' ' ''*'""'«™ *»
^'P-tabon cons,Z If ^1;"^""™- ™»
■»«»««' of the Executive n /^ "^ F'«*er, a
Stale, who had tekri™ ' "' *' °™°«« l^«e
«*ns during tte I'rrr,! ""* " **' -«°-
, '"K» own state, and Mr An wT '''^ "'»'«•
h»"«'<>ftheExecuti^p ■ ^; ■ ^""""^a. a
"'■"•Mc.forhfre™^"^*^ South African
I ^"^ ''«■*»«" in whom
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL itRUGER
the Government and the people of both Republi*
placed the greatest confidence.
A short time before the surrender of Cronje, tl
two Governments sent a dispatch to Lord Salisbur;
in which they declared that the Republics were wil
ing to make peace if their independence, the onl
thing iw. which they were fighting, were acknoN
ledged. Lord Salisbury replied that he couldjri
•accept this proposal; for the Republics were not
be allowed to retain a sh c.-^ of independeu^e: ar
that after he had declared, i Jy three months earli<
in a public speech, that England sought no gol
fields and no territory.
Although the preceding days made heavy claii
upon me, those that followed made even more stre
uous demands. After the relief of MafeWng, wh
the British troops began to stream into the Repub
from every side, it became daily more clear that,
my old age, I should have to leave my wife, my hoi
and all that was dear to me, in order to seek a ref u
in the east of the Republic, and there begin \
struggle anew. The thought of this departure 1
heavy upon my heart, the more so as my wife was
old and weak that I could not think of taki
her with me. The doctor had declared that sue!
journey as this would mean death to her; and ]
I felt sure that I should never see her a^ In in t
life. The day of our separation after a long a
810
KRUGKRS FOURTH PRESIDENCY
happy manage c«„e ever cIo«.r and cIo«r, and .„
unoertam future, full of d»ger, and p„vl".„„T
fwed me. It w«, with thi, knowledge thaf ^0^!!^
t Vo,k,™.d at the beginning of C lll^f
the best-known figure, in public life were Zl 1
Lord Roberta had at last pushed forward to T„
^:^;'r:reitirp:;t:r;:ri-
.hat I Should leave P„toH. J^ Z^^,
and transfer the seat of government to the "
PMked, I received the American lad, Jhmny gmith
"0 rought me an address, in which t^„rl;
-W-boys in Philadelphia, the children rf a ci^v
which was the first to declare it, ,n^ j ^
Grmt rt^.- " aeciare its independence of
G«. Bntain. sent a message of sympathy to the
Wer of the people which was now engaged in de-
H ZiLnd":^^'""*'r "«"■■"'* *^ -■»* ""^n ■
He aUo handed me . Transvaal flag which had been
•t:t "tT""""; ' ^"""'^ ""^ '"^ -0^
^encan gentlemen who had accompanied him
Sll
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGEl
with a few faithful friends to Eerste Fabrieken,
first station on the eastern line. From there I m
by railway, over Middelburg, to Machadodorp, wl
the seat of government was provisionally establisl
I lived in my saloon-carriage, to which a telegr
apparatus had been fitted: my work was no less
duous than at Pretoria, and I was constantly send
telegrams to encourage the burghers in the fight.
The first days of Jime are among the darkes
my life. On the 5th of Jime, Lord Roberts occu]
Pretoria, and many of the burghers, discouraged
recent events, listened to the tempting procla
tions by which that general sought to seduce tl
from their allegiance and their duty to the land
people, laid down their arms and took the oatl
neutrality. I warned and admonished them, for
faith in the future was still imshaken. On the
of June, I sent the following telegram to all
ofiScers:
Tell the burghers that it will avail them nothing to
down their arms, as Lord Roberts has issued a proclam!
that in future he will release no more burghers on their o;
since he has found that the burghers continue to fight in i
of their oaths. He has moreover decided to take all
persons above twelve years of age prisoners, whether
be armed or not If they are taken prisoners, they wil
sent to St. Helena. Children also are therefore no lo
safe. We have resolved to fight to the end. Be faithful
fight in the name of the Lord, for they who flee and 1
their positions or run away from commando are fleeing stra
to St. Helena.
812
KRUGERS FOURTH PHKSIDENCY
rewiy and the members of the Executive B-.^
^"^n *«.. .CO. we^redrjeZri'rr
•»■>». the provims for furlon„h T ^^"
for the reoT^/i . T . *""''' *"'' ""^ o«iera
me reorganization of the «rm>r .„j .u
•"^"^ were taken t„ f f^'^' *' necaaiy
»f the enenTan^I ""' *^ P'»cI«natio„,
"xi of IZrt "^ «»«equence,. Towaris the
lecount^ ^ °'"'" *° *^^» "-e position in
"^gtlf"' *^ ""* «°" «»t I-«J Roberts.
•^« m eonjunetion with General Sir Bedvers Bui-
818
is^Sk' «"*i-r
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
ler, deUvered his decisive attack on Botha's positior
atDahnanutha. The result is weU known. After th
burghers had fought for eight days like lions and d(
f eated every attempt of the enemy to break througl
Buller at last succeeded in capturing a weak post (x
cupied by 79 men of the Johannesburg police an
in thus forcing his way into our men's position
Botha had about 4,000 men and had to defend a lir
^that extended for over 80 miles. Roberts attache
him with over 50,000 men and a mass of heavy gun
The result of this battle made it clear to the Con
mandant General and the other officers that it m
not possible for that small force of burghers to repi
the enemy or to continue to fight him m the way the
had done hitherto, and that it was better to sendti
President away, so as to leave the commandos fra
in their movements. We moved on to Nelspruit.
station on the Delagoa Railway, about half-way h
tween Waterval Onder and the Portuguese f rontie
The removal of all the baggage, wagons, carl
horses, mules and so forth gave great difficulty, bi
the excellent manner in which the Netherlands Soul
African Railway Company had so far satisfied evei
demand made upon it was now repeated. On am
ing at the spot which had been selected as the sei
of government, we received Lord Roberts's procl;
mation annexing the South African RepubUc. 1 ^
once issued a counter-proclamation:
S14
m
KRUGER'S FOURTH PRESIDENCY
Orange Free State by Great Br.,! T" ^'^''^^'' «"d the
publics have for ten montt. 1 ?".^ "'"'^ *"° «"«" «-
taining an unequal eorst'l;^ 7hf ^"1";^*^" -^"-
pire; *»'''°« the nughty British Em-
Whereas I am informed thaf «
1 September 1900, has been i sued K^"! ^7'"™'^"°"' dated
Marshal, Commander-in-Ch^^f TtL'Luilh /''^^^^^^ ^^^^'-
Afnca, stating that the South African Bent.- T" '° ^°"*^
quered by Her Majesty's trooos "nH .f ? u '' ^'' ^"^ '^°»-
Republic is annexed to' the Bruise Emn \'r' ^''''=-
of the South African Repubhe ^r. .7""' ^''"^ *^« ^"ees
South African Republic ha^tot J *'' ^'''^ "°^ *''«
-id proclamation's therefore 'r""''' ""'* *»>« «f°«=-
^^-hereastheindt^dt eo^trsolt^^^^^^^ ^^-
has been recognized by nearly allthe v \ ""'' ^"P""'^
Whereas I deem it i« I, "'''^''^'^ ^^^ers;
" ^ay concertni;\t7ft«sr;t"^^ " ^'^^°"" ^" -'>-
»i«ed by the Government «n? P^^^^^^^ation is not recog-
fiepublic: °' ""'^ P^P^^ °f the South African
Now I, Stephanus Johannes Pa„J„c ir
dent of the South African R^n M u "*^"' ^*«*« ^'esi-
-«t of the Executi,. n J^ !, '^ *'^ "'^^*^« ^^ --
^ Minutes of the 8d ol' S Tl '"'' ^"^ ^'^''^^^ ^^7 of
^laim, in the name of ^e tde " / ''''' '° "^'^^^ P-
P«blic, that the aforesaid IT r ^'"^'^ °' *'''' «-
^^^^ese presents decl^edrSlTvir '^""^^^'^' ^^ ^^
^- ^Stdl;^^^^^^ f^P-^^e i. and remains a
^^ P aent people and refuses to submit to British
C^o^ttldX'omr'r ;- *'^ ^-"^ ^^'^-
•ura day of the month of September 1900.
S. J. p. Kruger.
Meanwhile, it became evident fl.«f *i, u
^e should be ftW. * ** *^ ^""P^ that
*^ "^^' *° *"^«t the enemy's pi^gress in
815
ife:
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
the mountains, was futile, thanks to his overwhehnii
superiority of numbers; and, when the enemy begj
to advance from every side on Nelspruit, a decisi
step became necessary. A council was called, co
sisting of the members of the Transvaal and Oranj
Free State Grovemments and a number of officei
including the Commandant General, and it resolvi
to send me to Europe as a delegate, to endeavor
promote the cause of the Republics. General ai
Vice-President Schalk Burger was to hold oflSce
Acting State President during my absence. A pro
lamation was issued, giving notice of this resoluti(
in the following terms:
Whereas the great age of His Honor the State Preside
renders it impossible for His Honor to continue to accompai
the commandos;
And whereas the Executive Raad is persuaded that H
Honor's invaluable services can still be profitably employ*
in the interests of the land and people:
Now the Executive R?ad does hereby resolve to grant H
Honor a six months' furlough in order to proceed to Euroi
and there promote our cause. His place will be filled, in a
cordance with the law, by Mr. S. W. Burger, Vice-Presiden
S. W. BUHGER,
Vice-President.
F. W. Reitz.
State Secretary
Government Office, Nelspbuit, 10 September IpOO.
If my departiu*e from Pretoria was a bitter bloi
to me, my departure, under such sorrowful circum
si6
KBUGEK'S FOUKTH PilESlDENCY
that the war was over and that only ^eLTT f
now infesfprl th^ . " guernlla bands
uuw iniested the country. I had f/i h;A j .
k-d of hon-hearted fighter who, aun^unded"
ttey were on every side, had now to make thrwav
«.«>ugh «, uninhabited diatriet to the north of Z
Kepublic there to reoreanize ,nH
slruBBle B„* t k 7^'*^"™ ""<> recommence the
To^^r, ^^ *^ '°^"' ™PP»rt -hich thev
"■e «.other a N 1 2 1 !nd "? 1 1'^^ '^"^ "'
^ escort whi.h rT ^ ™ '"" '^""^ '^th
'o-yjo^.*' '=^'""^' "--^ ""-^ «- -
>«. journey the re«Jt of which neither had nor
817
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
could have been anticipated. From Crocodile Poc
I traveled in the private railway-carriage of the ma
ager of the Netherlands South African Railw
Company. At Hectorspruit I waited a few hoi
for President Steyn and a few other friends, w
had come there to take leave of me, and then cc
tinned my journey to Lorenzo Marques over Kom
Poort, the last station in the Republic, past the f re
.tier station, Resano Garsea, where the director
the Portug;:cse railway took charge of the tra
At Lorenzo Marques, the train was not stopped
the station, but shunted to a siding, so that, as dai
ness had already set in, I was able to reach Con;
General Pott's house unobserved. It was my int<
tion to remain there until I could embark for Euro
on board the first outgoing steamer, which woi
have been the steamship Herzog, of the Germ
East African Line. But, on the next day, the Pi
tuguese Governor arrived and said that he had be
instructed to take me to his own house as the gu
of the Portuguese Government. When I show
some hesitation, the Governor declared that I mi
accompany him at once and that, if I refused,
must employ force. This action on the part of i
Portuguese Government must undoubtedly be
cribed to the pressure brought to bear upon it by \
British Government, for the Portuguese Goven
governed only in name: the real governor was 1
318
KKUGERS FOUHTH PRESIDENCY
much .gZt hi, o™.^* '*"«-''"' '-k
k-ndness. but would": L^^tl^^-r*
»ao„ed to visit me- but thT t ^ "'^'* '* ^'"^
bidden, on the ^.„d ' ™ "'^ «~° f""
'HeB^tisb^^rrd.i;::^^':'™!^''^*
l«sted some w,.pt. a ■ f,"""^- This situation
Iw«p^^^*' ^'™* "" ""* "f -Wd. time
^^ i-notrwedtZirrr'r
•ions of the hn,„i.. i . ""igratnla-
"''.^^n'r "f ^'^ "f «-"«'' ^^ -■«»*
S*' Z^il :^^ ^'^ '■y *- whole
' was stiU at some distance from
319
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Delagoa Bay, I was not able to embark until 1
21st of October, and then the Gelderland, whose ci
tain and officers received me with every mark
friendship and loving-kindness, had first to take
coal. The journey from Delagoa Bay to Dar-
Salam, where the Gelderland arrived on the moi
ing of the fifth day, passed off very well. It is ti
that, at first, I suffered a little from sea-sickness, ■
, the first time in my life; but I was soon able to lij
up my pipe again, a certain proof that the sickn
was past. At Dar-es-Salam, some German offici
came on board and invited me to a dimier which tl
wished to give in my honor. I begged, however,
be excused, in view of the sorrowful circumstan
of my country. The same thing happened at E
bouti, where we arrived on the 2d of Noveml
From here the journey was continued to Si
Every ship that passed the Gelderland saluted, j
I was cheered by the passengers on board those wh
came close enough. One French ship even w
out of her course to salute the GeUerUind, and
only exceptions were the majority of the Engl
ships, of which, at one time, as many as five were
sight, near Sardinia. From Suez we proceeded
Port Said, where we stopped to take in coal. ^
voyage from here to Marseilles was exceedingly
pleasant, quite apart from the number of newspa
correspondents who made fruitless attempts to
820
KBUGER'S FOUBTH PKESIDENCY
■oUed to such «, „^„r,^ * "'^^ P"'*'^ «■"!
At the enlT^X^C ''^'" "'""■^'^•
^.^n. invited „, fH^^^^^^Jl^^^''-
dinner. The saloon »r„« j " official
wiUch the American schoo.-boT^ d" It^' "tf
» address, from Philadelohi/ i ' "'*
tte b«. weather we .r!^^!: ^^.T'T °'
«fX«vea.^,i„ the harhorofMrrut """''*•'
the s'::;'^^':'°" °« «^™l- *» memhe„ of
ofwra^rr„tc:rrh:*^T^«-
seilles, with Dr T .,.^ T ' ^ ^""^ *° ^ar-
■>*.g but one nLs of j^lT^'' °"^ ""^
«™g their handkerehiefrEv^ t^"""
'7 «t anchor in the harbor ..«2i^^^"
"1 cne snip and his officers for fi,^ i • j
consideration «.k- u xi. T "*^ kindness and
tain t I ^'^ ^"^ ^^°^ °^«- I still re-
«^ the pleasantest recoUectmnc «*
ing their rfn ?^' '^ ^^^^^ ^^«^ ^hout-
^ g^etings with the loudest enthusiasm.
821
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
The president of the Committee for the Indepei
dence of the Boers, which had been lately fonn©
" interpreted the feelings of all Marseilles," as 1
himself said when he welcomed me and added thi
the enthusiasm which I bei.eld around me wou]
convey more to me than any words which he cou]
utter. I declared that I gratefully accepted the we
come offered me, although, in view of the sorrow i
which my country was wrapped, I had not come i
order to be festively received.
" The war in South Africa," I continued, " hi
exceeded the limits of barbarism. I have fougl
against many barbarous Kaffir tribes in the cour!
of my life ; but they are not so barbarous as the Enj
lish, who have burnt our farms and driven oi
women and children into destitution, without foe
or shelter. I hope that (iod will not abandon ti
Boer nation. But if the Transvaal and the Fn
State are to lose their independence, it shall onl
happen when both nations have been annihilate
with their women and their children."
On the road to the hotel stood thousands of pe
pie, who cheered me continually as I passed ani
during the afternoon, a number of deputations can
to welcome me.
This splendid reception was a thorn in the side c
the English at Marseilles, and they tried to spoil tl
procession by throwing coppers from the window
822
i-'^H
mi
iBi
W»v,or, rtomied the hotel ilt 1 ""^ "' ^
Wtobe«ntfor. '"*" P°«'» Protection
l™.edi«tely after „y ,rt^^
Indent Loubet to .afuteT •*'*«n'Phed to
f* the ,y„,p.u,y o/^"l*™ »<i to th«,t hi„
:rp!^^:----^::orhehX
«» wd«a„e of the crowd Z^K '"""' *° '^^
^'sr;rot^^----:'^r
"»•"' soil, I had ''-^ r I ^ "^ f""* on Pa-
Kof fteoity.aZ^,'"* ""*"''^"«' '<>' ^e
Kt «« ^p :^ t:^7 - ">« waves, aa^ned
I On the »a„ .„ 41 I ° "o' 8° under."
I '""'*°«""'oteI. intense maaaes^f
82S ^^^
nn
B
4|.|; 1 ■ ^
!■
■1
m
^
^H
■ ~-^B
■■■■■■1
|MHMi|i|MB
W{
^H
1
^
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGEB
pie had gathered, who cried, " Long live Krug
Arbitration for everl " and continually flung nc
gays into the carriage. The people in front of
hotel called out for me to appear on the balco
and I had to do so three or four times a day, be.
the crowds would disperse.
At four o'clock in the afternoon. President L
bet received me at the Elysee, sending me a a
,pany of cuirassiers as an escort, and immedial
afterwards paid me a return visit.
During my stay in Paris, from the 26th of 1
vember till the 1st of December, I visited some
the sights, including the Eiffel Tower, the H6te!
Ville, the International Exhibition, at which I
greatly touched to read the inscriptions on the w
of the Transvaal pavilion, containing every g
wish for the Boers. In the sessions-hall of the H
de Ville, where the whole Town Council had ass
bled, the chairman expressed the admiration of
people for the heroism of the Retublics and
that, " if the Republics we - silent, the nations d
speak," and thus bring about arbitration.
The president of the Corueil GSneral also n
a speech. In my reply, I said that, " if the B(
who were not yet defeated, but would go on figh
much longer, could hear of the reception which
been given me in France, they would be stUl fur
strengthened in their resolve to keep up the sti
8t4
KBUGERS FOURTH PRESIDENCY
gfe." I also thanked the pren fn, .k i- v.
^ w th«w„ o„ a, 4^ ^^'^'«'.« Which
and added; metiiods of warfare
p-'rizLTher^'r-'^"-
«-.edenth„..».^^;^4-rilr'-
"d pnvate «»ie.i«, f„, Cologne. On .^ ^
"« French frontier th. . "* "'y *»
7 ««»* "owds. The «une thin« h«DDen«i
» *um. The e„thu«.m, which 1 ^to^^
"••flce not onlv ddi<rf.»^ '"i x witnewed in
»>y hone th^ ™ "^S^t^l me, but confirmed me in
C^ .^ •""'™*y "^-Id not be in vain
««*ed Colol! wh * °' ** '^^ -^y- -«
forhmaSv i^* ^^ '^'' "*"'' '*''*'<' '»''<'«• Un-
"uiaieiy, an accident occiim>/i .» n. ..
*n which cost one Jt^^ ''"''™y '^«-
^wd was n If *' 'J^*"" '"■» "*•«• The
•^leg «.d died fZ,^^ '" ""' "^ *™ "-"ke
y hotel. Here. Aortly after my arrival.
325
til
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGEl
I received a telegram from the German Empe
saying that His Majesty could not receive nn
that time, as he had a hunting engagement,
then resolved to proceed to the Hagu*?; bnt, be;
leaving Cologne, I received a seriei. • i* Jeputati
who gave me every mark of sympathy. I also
ceived the wife of the man who had died of the i
dent at the station id assured her of my heart
' condolence. I did not miss the opportunity of
iting the faih^us cathedral.
It is really not necessary for me to say
throughout my journey through Germany
Holland I met everywhere with the same syn
thy for the cause of the Boers as at Cologne,
station after station, I was received by the repre
tatives of the different towns, in addition to coi
rations and societies with their banners and bad
The train drew up at the Hague in the e
ing, when it was already growing dusk,
precincts of the railway station and all the sti
leading to the hotel at which I was to stay ^
closely packed with an endless crowd of cheei
people. I had telegraphed to the Queen, on re
ing the Dutch frontier, to offer her my horn
Immediately after my arrival at the hotel,
Majesty's ministers called upon me, and, on
next day, I went to the Court, to wait upon
Queen and to thank her for her great kindnes
8S6
raUGEHS FOUBTH PHESIOENCY
""ding a iMn^f-w„ to brinir mc t„ v
"" rftenv.,d, invited to dinel.^ 1 o""'^- '
Her Majesty-, Comort «,„ p ^'"•" *»''
■"O.. calied » »:T«;e tote?'"" "' *"' ^•"'-
<*•«*• On returning to tl,e hJ I ^""'^"'^
p^^-«aSeiz"i::cr--«-
""ly Ul= I had probably cughtTjr .1^^ ""'
»»" developed into infll„„«*; ""' f* ^'^
"•""ired, however .„rf ZZ^ ? '""^ '""«»• I
I ^y«^ for two C^r^taTf .'^"^*' ""*''
P«i«l I underwent . «kWuI^I 1"™* "'"■'*
•y". effected bv P»>f o °I*"*""> »" both
Have«„;.^be^'~ .^^ *-• I -ed to
vai. c«. c«., Witt j;^i;' "«■'* 7"«"- «' «■«
-P«edby.w.itof»rer,;,^'^''7t'T
'°'«™ a^ Scheveningen and bv . I "'"
"'it to «>„,e of the other ZL^ ''»>«-P"'n.i»ed
*m. I WM .h„™ . , *°™- At Rotter-
«"». on board T V I ' ^^ *°°^ " *^P "P ^
Ste-n^hipZ^ *;t^'^r' ""'■'* «" Fop Smit
'"P'oudonT^'^ ''''^""°y'«»P°««'- r
• °" *" ""^'O"' «° »ee the old ehnreh at
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
Dordrecht where the Synod of 1618 to 1619 was he
which exercised so great an influence upon tl
Church to which I belong. I also revisited Kai
pen, the Mecca of the Protestant Church. In bo
towns my reception was of the most cordial natu
imaginable.
Shortly after my return to Hilversum, I receiv(
the heaviest blow of my life. A cablegram inf omw
me that my wife was dead. In my profound so
row I was consoled by the thought that the separ
tion was only temporary and could not last lonj
and my faith gave me the strength to write a lett
of encouraging consolation to my daughter, Mi
Malan. Wolmarans invited me to spend anoth
fortnight with him at Scheveningen, to distract n
thoughts a little. I then went back to Hilversui
where I lived in absolute retirement, intemipfe
only by the necessary conferences, and devoted m;
self entirely to the perusal of my Bible.
At the commencement of the winter, on the W
of December 1901, 1 moved to the Villa Oranjelus
on the Maliebaan, at Utrecht Here I received tl
news of De la Rey's brilliant victory over Loi
Methuen. I rejoiced exceedingly at the victory, bu
when some one observed, during the reading of tl
news, that it was to be hoped that De la Key woul
keep Methuen a prisoner, I said:
" I could not approve of that, and I hope th)
328
KBUGEKS FOURTH PHESIDENCY
De k Hey will release him without delay for
Boen. must behave .a Chriati«« to the «^TL "
unavilized the wav in „u- u ^ * '""'wer
my be." '^ " "*"* ** ^"8''* t«at ua
TOen I learnt that Methuen waa ^leased T .
P««d my ai„«^ gratification. A «^//"
tter favorable tidings arrived fm™ i! ""
«» position of m.^J^to^'^ «> «»*
hope. jusnty the greatest
For the rest, I had, throughout f e war reniv.,
to every m,„i^ f„„ y,^ » J war, rephed
«denee was still unshaken but 17 > '' '""•
»««'y to the generals"'^ the fl^rtd'?
wl-eth^ and how, under the LZ „,'° .'''"'''
*»««. they wished to altT «. • '"™™-
Worn. rhL» fl, " ^*'' **■' P«™us «so-
«« "«w«r!u l'^ "egotiations. I h«l „„ly
w>»tT^gheo^pe!: rfrr •^ "^ - *«
«»«'»ded, I app&d r?K ' P««» was at last
» Cor. viil. 8: "^^ ^ *' «^"'"^ «■« BiWe te:rt
" «« burghers wishS FoT » ^^ " "''* ™*
- «"t the bloodsh^ IrCuJTJr- *'
«« people of the two Bep„hlio:r„„:^:;^
THE MEMOIRS OF PAUL KRUGER
I am convinced that God does not forsake His peo
pie, even though it may often appear so. Theref or(
I resign myself to the will of the Lord. I know tha
He will not allow the aflBicted people to perish. H
is the Lord and all hearts are in His hand and H
tumeth them whithersoever He will. .
3S0
8TEPHANUS JOHANNES PAULUS KRl.
About IMA
OER
Prom »n olrtfiwhioiied illver-plMe
photoKTBph, Ukeii by Mr. J.ffreyi., cf
Sftpe town. It wa» (riven bv KniKer
(who was at the tlmi Field Cornet
of Pot.lief«trooni) to Mr. JeffreyKS
father at Potchefstrooni, about the
year 1865. Mr. Jeffreys beHeye. that
the olil plate wa» a positive (instead
of a iiemt ive. from which photo(n-aph»
are nrintert iiowartays). conseiinenf y,
the left sl.le loines out as the riifbt.
This v»'"«""««pv»,^.","'''»"r^i2?,;
Init tlio loss of President Kmgera
thumb. In the other photnitrapha
he alwava aeenia to hide the '■«
hand, and the right thnml) come,
out elearlylnaome. J" «]''»PT^';,Vii!
right hand seems to he thnml leM
owing to the iavenlon of the plate.
l^^_%
APPENDIX
'Ml
ir
APPENDIX A
Speeches ^^iveeed at the Solemn Inaugura-
tion OF His Honor S. J. P. Kruger as State
Present of the South African Republic,
ON Thursday, 12 May 1898.
Mr President of the First Volksraad addressed
fords "°'' President in the following
Mr. State President,
I welcome you in the name of the First and
Second Volksraad on iJie occasion of this solemnity,
at w^ch you have for the fourth time taken the oath
Ipnmo^ President of the South African
Abeady fifteen years have passed since you first
append as the head of this state. Nay, what do
^^^■^h "" ^^\^^ K^"^"" y^^ *^** y«" h»^e
^rved the country; you have also served it in other
capacities, such as that of a member of the Trimn-
^te and as Vice-President, to take office later as
shoL ^ ^ ^^ ^""*^ ™ ^^^ "PO'^ your
shoulders from your youth; and while you were stiU
y«ang It was the Lord's wiU to place yL in a ^t
tion where you could be of political service to this
888
I
APPENDIX
country. You have served the country for no short
time, and you have naturaUy encountered many dif-
ficulties and obstax^les in your path, because, a^ we
know, man's path, as God leads lum «P0« J^^' ^
not one of roses. Many days of adversrty came and
many dark and difficult days, as all °>"f^.«^dmit, but
we, as a Christian people, must ever beheve that it
was God's will and guidance. n tu^
Your Honor. I feel, and the Raad and aU ^(^
who labor in ihe field of poUtics feel, that it is no
r^ tsk that to^ay has once more been Uid upon
y^ shoulders, that of acting a^ ^\^^^^ ±^l
iz, state -^<^^^f:zitLi7^o:
struffffle. I seem, however, to see ci«a"y ""
Stion lies in this, that the people "^ «>«&»«*
AfricM. Bepublic remain true to you ""debng to
^ It mmt of course be a great eomfort to y™
r^ink of the last elevtions, which Aow how ih^
people rem«n attached to your person «d that the^
S place their entire confidence in you 1«»'^ ^^
SrLturally convinced of fte excellence of yo^
^v™t during the fifteen year, that you h^
Krved the country as State President. A gre.
p^Tof this is the great -«««* "f^ ^^J^
Lws in seeing you. who are now full '^J^"-^
„„re invested, by the taking of your oath of offlo
as State President. -prpdden
I sincerely congratulate you. Mr. State PreMden
in uS Z« of thfpirst and Se»nd Votoraad. a
I *uuTdd that, as Christians, we must alwaysj
JCs on the Lord. for. if the Lord we« to lea
Tto ourselves, to rule the country according to o,
884
APPENDIX
that I kDOTT md UmTi ■ """* " ™« "^g
know ^<n ^ iT "y- "'"'* " *«' yo"
a man i. unable teL a^ u " *' '* '°*'™ "he"
often hia^et^^*^"?^ "T"?'* ""o™"* and
Ifcough dark clo^^ "u *r»t_«»' it aeema aa
«ko™ Himself to feZ.^* 'T' ""* *"» "^
I think, be your JLZlt^^ll^ I"'" P*""" '^t
«!~» and hIs H^" It^ ^T'*"^^ y- His
"w.f ui to you :rs a^d ^f„r'T ? •«
your W ^^tThl ~'"'^°'^««'-I«*
P^tthatGodmS Jf ""r«- """^ ^ '"'P* -"d
70U the «t«n^tt.?;^u'Zy\°:^;:'^,r. ^*
P"y" "»«y be heard ^ tC^^W "'iS!' "^
lioae, protect the righrorfh. ^^ '^'^^' ""^
"your hands. """y- *'»"«'™ been pl«ed
1 -i* Your Ho«,r, in the name of this body,
88S
APPENDIX
„„de«U„ding. wi«iom «.d rt«ngtt. MJJ God
to fulfil your difficult **"""" ™^ the name
work together in harmony. 1''°^;^"^^ „n
of *e Volk^aad t VJ^-^'^,^^^% „p.
„eet «.d "Jf J* '^S..^ thi. body alway.
port you with «U /»« »*r^8^e have pUced the gov
does, because we know ^t we nap ^^
enmient of our country m ^™ ^ „f u,,
'^'"'^ ' ^'^'CeC^^GXriUgr.n'
Volksraad. «"d I hope ftMfte g^^ ^^^^
that the work of *•«/ "J*^ " , «„ for. so loni
as the Uixecutive ««»" . j^^^^ i^ij
Jl^S'to t. "Where true love reigns. God g.v.
His blessing."
I have spoken.
The President of the Volksr«.d then taming
fte^mbled multitude, spoke as foUows:
I^HABrr^XS O. THE Co»«T.T. PB»U. O. T>
South Ateican Bepcbuc.
I present to you His Honor Stephen JotoP
kLU State President rf fte Sou* Afnca» I
"^^ stands our State President. For m
886
APPENDIX
year, he hu «rved the country in that capacity; and
^sZ:!.^"" "r ■»"" "^ «»' the iJp e of
Hi.^^ """ ^P""" "^ ">«' confidence in
ih^Zht",: Hi, Honor h«, obeyed your «„,»,„„,;
fte pubhc ha, caUed upon hin, and, in hi, old age
1 1;^ 'I*' ?'".°^ ^- Hi, Honor ha, taken
fte oath; but what i, now our duty a, buraher, of
"h^, obedience, love and harmony (cheer,).
When the people remain unanimou, and when the
P»ple pref^rve the tie, of affection that bind the
AfrA«.der Nation, that give. Hi, Honor rt" n^h
to perform hu, dutie, of office with a more and mfre
^Umg and cheerful mind ; but you know that, where
^ 7^ ?" "'"'y' ■"«'''» " difflcu^t and
^H T ^Z ?' '""^ "^ ' »^'*- Therefore I hope
•noe but ako with hi, prayer, to God
the I „t^'7 '*"'■*'''" '"'' '^°™ *° God and beseech
tte Lord to give strength and force to our State
^ cttr ^%^'' """"^ """y >« fortified
•y Gods hand. For we know that we owe the
^tence of the South African RepubUc t
^7T "' °" °"^"''"' Cre.tor,^ho h«
M ;^ «""• """ ^'"' '•'" "^ <"-'-* --^
I have spoken (prolonged cheers) .
887
APPENDIX
His Honor the State Prcident now .poke as
follows:
Ma PBE8IDENT OF THE FHUTT, MR. PbMIDEKT OF
^thS^ and Hokoeable Membees of both
THE FiBOT AND SECOND VOLKSEAAD,
But first let me ask that the ^^^^^^^^'^''Z
my words, that my speech may not later, for one
reason or another, be misunderstood.
?Zd h Acre you. in obedience to the ™ee
of the people, in which I believe I,«<=?ff J^^ '
voice, in order once more, «> State President, to t.l«
unon myself the government of the country.
""k^^L sirs%hen I look b«k upon my ^
car^r, knowing. » I do. by «?««»« » U« W
H^^d great difficulties attaAed to this arduous
^Z. Tc-Tot but frankly »nfe,s that I cons.d«
S^lf incapable and blind: I repeat, mcap^^-*
HinH When I look back and see how the Lord has
Sd r We and that God ha, set the peope
^ to TSow. now that I am to govern th
We what would follow if I were to falter, for 1
Ce not only to give an ac«>u„t to Y- "-""^
gentlemen, but also to God. and -y ^f » ^^^
f shall have to appear before H.m. "-d-kcn !«.;»'
of that mv heart fails me, and I can only pray.
m'^ZL is that to them who expect «
an?«h from the Lord He wm gichftc^-
path, and hun that feareth the Lord He wiU gu.
. P,cdd»l Kn,g« he,, quoted . •V"" "h" "« ^^^
hymMl. — 3V(injila(»r » NoU.
8S8
APPEXDIX
He who ^knowledge, this in hit hetrt looki to th<
Lord, our faithful God of the Govern XughT
wirfom .md divi« strength. He will givi u. even,,
thmg out of Hi. infinite werith of m"rcy^7l
He h« «, clearly led u. along variou. paUu. A^
upnghtneMj ye., .t i, „y fe^nnort de.i,e and tte
»»h of my heart to live for Him and to govern Z
people according to Hi. wiU.
keep m v,ew the welfare of the people and the
P«.g«». prosperity «,d independent of the cou^t
try. Honorable .ir., I .hall Krupuloualy watch the
""-njtance, of the country, in which we Uv^me^
tones ob«rved n,ch «wift and rapid prog«„. ,„d
n lujrhcular, I shall »„rtantly s^ to it ^ik S,
»enUble prog«,. the independence of the colr^
STL^^th ™ff .<'!8~ ™<togeml and al2
tt«t not ttc smallert right is abandoned whose loss
S Z^rn" *"; ■•"••'■-•''ence of the o^t^
Z i *°"''^''""K down a judgment on myself if
™r mdcpendence were violated through me. For
G«l ha, «, dearly led „. that the blindest heathen
"d the greatest mibeUever must acknowledge that
rt ^.s God^ hand that gave us our indepe^f^cT
ment of the legisUtive power to support me in
^ -"y ™w, and, in your wisdom!tosu"g^
^d m particular, I rely upon you to take into
MS
I
APPENDIX
earnest consideration the needs of dl the inhabit«.t.
rr^^untry. without distinction of person, or
"ir^l^med. with the deepest regre^ that very
g^^^^on'prevails in «>' goM-fiel^o^^
Song the p<x,jer -^ 1- ^^^^ \'^Z
of my sympathy with their fate, ana ijrw,
Sis great depression may soon pass away. The
Govef^ent ie doing all that they am to assist the
^^Mds, as is shown, iirst, by the decrease^" ft^
riilwav tariff by £200,000 ; secondly, by the decrease
™* Crt duties on food and »«.« «U^^«''
are reqmred for the immediate use of *« Tf ^
about £700,000; thirdly, by the order that nas bea
S::l«rt natives of M-^^-s worta™
in order to assist the mines; fourtiJy, by the rMuc
tiont the price of dynamite. You all taow to.
in 1898 when the contract was concluded for th
"rei n ome dymmute factory, aynamite ^ »
ported at about £6 per case. The «.mp'«^^"',
L price to £5, which was «'»dually t«iu«d t
£i 5s. per case and has now agam been broug^
3tn to £8 15S., and I hope and trust to be ab
tZl the price stm further. I am ^^ enga^
upon this. M I have already said «» P'-W'C "^
i„M, the dynamite factory was not ''"ted to oppK
running industry but to support and hdp t, «
principally the weak mines, and I ^ope *«* *
Ll top going until I have »"««fed^^' '«*^
mining industry and the dynamite f af°'T ™'»
to the State and must support one anotiier; and y
*aay be convin. -d that I shall not swerve from t
840
APPENDIX
years ago, the mines were flourisWn^ T T
borrowed money and, lam^I^J^' T ^^^'
in order to evfpn^ ^u - T . ' "'^ *^*^ security
Sft-frf '^'^ P^P^rty is sold beneath its v^ue
brintf hmiffer ^„? ^ *'^** """^hnstian; for they
^«jcf e JeX.rl"?fS ^7e ^^ To„r
oe Obliged to withdraw the licenses of fK«oo u i
Lordsavs- "nlL ^J^ God sees aU, and «,e
the fowler " Su J, Ih ' ^' '^"^"^ *^^ '^'^ ot
ThZil'u 1 *^'"^' ""^y '^o* ^xist among us
a-^^g m"T^ *^ T -- *h^* -t^a^;'
here as Sie^ s^ ^h^ V"V '"^ ''^ ^'^^ «™
«»ught iirn;«n ' ;^'" *"y ^"•^^^' they are
I .r *^^ *** * *rap, since they are not ahl^ t« i;
the waffes namp/l ;« *i . ^ *° "^e on
ges named m the contract. I hope that you
I 341
APPENDIX
eompames a« ^^^^"^^^^L to see if they
have not even b«" P'^^l^'^ ,„otted in Europe
contain B""- Sh««» »« ^"^ ^^at the ground is
to persons '!>"'*' °^*j^:.runtil they come here
good and who do "<* d«^" ^ ^.^^ the blame is
that the property IS valu^, "^ d»rehold*rs in
east upon the G'-j'^^wto toe p«Sction of th«
Europe are as »»* 'l^ttere I hope, therefore
the Stat* Engineer 1^^^^^„,„, ^
i,,„ed tas -po.^,f:^^f to thtok that it is tl
no loager be deceivea »m prevente
fault of the ^— f,./^ir^ a«'two ■».
In conclusion, let me say ^ ^
te„ which we mu^ keep m ™J;-^„*' ^ i^
these I mention because »f^<^s w ^^.
i, that you must XLltoee^te seU, tl
would in ure our ■"dependence. ^ ,„„entati.ns
tl^'rs^^*^^H^\Tbiir"
* 842
jrV^SLfikl^.'^'
APPENDIX
gives strength, and God wiU be in our midst.
Gentlemiss op the Executive Raad,
A word to you too. In the first pW I thank
you smcerely for the support whieh you We Svm
me h,tt,erto.-for the support which you have £™"
««. when nece««ry, in the discussion of affairf a^d
execution. In the second place, I thank you ririit
ho«>raWe members, for all that you haveT^e for
he count-y and for your loyah/and your We rf
independeuee, which is such that you L rZl to
sacnfice your lives and properties for the inT^'nd"
rejoice ,f you wdl contmue in this course, supporting
me when necessary, and if you will cortinue oy.1
to your country, so that we may stand up as one ma,
for the mdependence that rJi u ■
readv «I1 ,.* ? mat God has given us and be
ready, all of us, to sacrifice our property with tV
burghe^ who have d,own that th^y l» L 'Sw
to s«^fice everything for that object. Let u ^
mam loyal and true, and do you pray for me „s j
edmgs. We are very closely allied, and you agree
34.S
i*.
APPENDIX
with me ^ni there is nothing better than peiwe and
amity, especiaUy between two sifter states ; and when
such coH>peration exists, though the whole world
rages God will bless us, for where love and concord
reign He gives His blessing; we obtain His grace
and He dwcils amongst us for ever and ever.
Then, turning to the Corps diplomatique. His
Honor spoke as follows:
Diplomatic and Consulak Officers of the
FoBEiGN Powers,
A word to you too. You are well aware, from my
past career, that nothing is dearer to me than to live
ki peace and amity with foreign powers, each keep-
ing the others' interests in view and all assisting one
wiother as far as possible. It is my wish that this
Government may so rule our State that the foreign
powers will never have occasion to urge just griev-
ances against us. I hope to continue in this way and
it will always be my earnest endeavor to do so.
Therefore I trust that I may receive your kind sup-
port, for then the bonds of friendship will be drawn
ever more closely between us; and where this co-
operation, love aid friendship prevail, God grffits
His blessing, for there He dwells in the midst ot
us. I wish you every blessing, each for his owii
country. May peace and friendship reign! I shaii
not fail, whenever you bring before me the mteresc
of the State of which you are the diplomatic repre
sentative or the consul, to support you, so that n(
grievances may arise against us.
344
APPENDIX
fowT:*"""* *" *^ '""'«=• His Honor .poke „
attf„«™ Z ^^T"" "^'"^ "'^' Si- me your
»y to you InLTrf "'""'' ^'"" I ^»h to
.Jbu^:«J"^^,^;ijft„.p.^^
new buraiers who h,™ k ' *^"'^' *" the
third, to a,e Ut,^ 1."*? """""Ife^; in the
their nationauni^^hr 1°."°^ ™'' *° "^anga
foreigner. ^' "''° '"* '" «^^ ""ong us Is
AW THBK. .0. B^OHEHS OP THE Co;,XXEv!
.ppoin^enfS.th:?XT'°" '^ '^^''"^ ">«
"nd again talZ. ,7^,^ "' ""y y"" el«tion
for the con^dtnee .^^lo'Tl'"'^'/ ""'"'^ ^-
fought wTh Te Uthe'Zd^^^'"'' P-y^d »d
"ur independence Oh t^ °" "'^'^ "'"' "^
^■nely, that we mu^t 1^^^^^ "" »- !»»*.
""er alj these u-ifh „ °T^^ *>«> s ways. To <jo
thoughts and consider th "'^""^^^'^ ^» y««r own
^hefaith that GoTh 2Z'7lt^:VT'' °'
^ us from opnression ^^^ "S;-that He has res-
^•e have ^nZZ^'t '!? ^""'^'^^ "^ «"<^
^e ^ weak buT™ °"' ^^'^'"*""^- Then
™i^. but imanimous, striving to obtain
84,5
APPENDIX
assistance from God. Th'-.r **^°^ti,'2''to
deeds. Let me go b«k with y""" ^"^
Paarde Kraal, where we were weak and helpless.
Buffte peopie. the Voltoaad^d tte Exeo.hve
Raad wereunanimous, one in nund and one in heart,
^"o. God for h^, fj^^^ Z T^
us; let us therefore strive to stamp out d'«»«', whe«
it Exists among us, and let us stnve m mnson to sup^
nres the evil spirit ttat leads us to opposition. I
ZtZ evil spWt; and mind, I exelude no one, no^
TZn myself, when I speak of the evil spint that
Z^J^Zl break G^i's words and Hia command-
uiente. God's ninth ~°'™«'''»^»*.T„li„ JJ?"
Shalt not hear false witness agamst thy n^sr"'
fnd it has truly become a habit, among mfor on^
brother to bear false witness against the other. UX
^leV^ with his finger at the other, but be up-
rilt=^et each place his hand in his own breast, .M
he will find that it comes out leprous,
"us stand in sincerity this day ^"^^
countenance. We see that God's a^iis ^retcW
„„f He is diastising us; and we shall find tMi
:" ;y^tre we are baking God's »n«»««"J°r"'^
I^t^e quote an instant to you. Supp«« h^
father is rich and has many goods, and that his cM
h"af nothing and has to Hve on him; a»i b. ^ *
Q-ives him his goods and says: Child, taKe in
^""Z use tliem. and I ""^r,^^l":
any of them, but do not abuse them. Then wiu
thJ father be angry when, after the son has gon
346
APPENDIX
We often «C m^«f ft' T''/'!^^ ** """'•
But is thU „„* ■ J . * ^"^ chast se us so?
But u this not in order that we may return to W.v! i
Ye^e reaUy ae. towards God like on^h^^re,
a marriage contract Our worMI^ ™o mages
bank ond make us serve fte worid LSt' '"'" "'
we want God to care for our^S^s ^^t T T*"'"
b««a>e«, seareh Iiis heart^^!" ^"<*°'^U3.
«.nvinced of God's^:.^" Behol7r!S' '^'^
worldly goods; but forT^t ptL^S' ""
notHn/n- rtiie-^- we^.^ ^^
i-uA,us, a play, a lottery or a race-mp*>f;«„. *u
e«* encourages tlie otiier and ev« lends Z T'
«JI> to us to put something into the Zr-^Z ^
l>we p^° u*."i ^^'^ '"• ^'•«'' the least they
PestilpTir.^ k^i J ^^^ ^''^i s hand.
estUence holds sway among men and beasts. The
347
r
APPENDIX
locusts are eating the grass of the veldt and hea^
droughts have prevailed and it grows worse from
y^r to year and will grow worse from year to year
^tUwe'tumback. God will not desert His peo^^
Read Ps,W 89.^ The Lord will not retract that, but
He eliastises us to bring us nearer to Him. You
will ask. " Hiuv can David say that he kissed the
7od and with his heart? » Yes, if you love your
father, and possess nothing, and have *« ^-^ -^^^
when vou have committed a sm and he says. Leave
my sight," you will go on your ^^l^rt^Us why
strike me but do not send me away. That s why
David was able to say that when he lived m luxury
he strayed from God; but that when He diastised
hL he returned to Him. He felt this in his heart.
Let us feel this too. that the Lord rather chastise.
us than rejects us. Listen to His voice and, when
you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts, but
let yourselves be guided; for why should you v^h
to die* WiU you continue as you are doing? see
Tow merciful L great God is. He-y-"Retu.
to me, you rebellious children, and I wiU heal you^
LpasL. Yes, try me," says God, "if you wd
not believe, and see if Heaven's wmdows do ^^
open and shower down blessings upon you. 1 sha^
upbraid the devourer so that your bams may be fille<
aid your fields filled with herds; but turn to Me, yoi
rebellious children, and I will heal yoin- trespasses^
Brothers and fellow-countrymen, do not thia
that I exclude myself. I have also much to do mj
> President Kruger here quoted two stan«« from the Dutch
metrical psalm-book.- rr««*to«r . iVot*.
848
APPENDIX
will help us. ^^ ** " *°° ^a*e, and God
You New Burohehs,
land. Endeavor L^t """tT as a new mother-
You FOEEIGNEES,
vot T"^/^ *^ -^^ ^^'^ ^ "«* ^""^^1 to give UP
^es we shall help you and wish vou well L^^
8*9 '
APPENDIX
even if you do not wish to become burghers of the
country; and then you will be promoting not only
your interests, but ours as well. If you foreigners
make your fortunes and work with us, you shall enjoy
the same protection of the laws as any others; and,
when you go, I shall be sorry to see such good friends
departing; and, should you return again to make
your fortune, you will be received with open arms;
we shall rejoice that you come back to us, knowing
that you are true ffiends to us, even if you would
not give up your country. Be assured that all
sensible men will aid and receive you, so that you too
may live in joy and gladness in our midst (cheert).
His Honor then turned to the judges and spok<
as follows:
Right Honobable the Chief Justice, Judges oi
THE SUPHEME COUET AND StaTE AtTOENEY,
You are responsible for a weighty task, for, b]
virtue of your oflBce, you represent the solidity of th(
State. It depends on you to confirm confidence ii
the country, but it also depends on you that con
fidence in the country should not be shocked. Tie
me first, however, stop to consider what concerns th(
confirming of confidence in the coimtry; and do al
of you, who stand here, note my words. Oiu* an
cestors were led hither, clearly seeing that it wa
God's hand. All men, in their natural state, whei
there is no law, lead a licentious and reckless life
When, in 1886, the people trekked across the Orang
River, we came together, but it was not permitta
S50
APPENDIX
«^e and to d«^.^ ^ '^ "^ to p„v«,t
»J«t thi, did not^^ fir"""- » '•« «i<Ient
"nlJ not now iipeak of UiT^ . .' ^"^ '"""• I
f ke too long. The -^ °^' '?'^- ^<" that would
j"""- I1>.tbodywrta,J^''r"'«'*«n»'«tive
tte court nurti.1. mJ^J?'"^.'^ "^^ »'
?^8 of the late Mr ^mi^L'.f'^'''""'"'. «»■
Potchefrt,«,„, tbT^^^'^' L^dd^ of
father of our Predik.nf n ^""raoi. the grand-
»«m« stand at the foot S™ """titution: our
'<»' God had led the^^r ri' "" *'«' » »in<J
,^ « «uide hy wh4' r^^t'^'^l^f « Word
The people demands the^TL. ^*"'* ' ^y:
Iberty and expectslM. i! *^*^ P^^"' «>dal
Kgious faith a^ts "'iT"* '* '^ '''P' it» «-
'« submitted to W r^*""?"' ""^ "^^use it
Wned the «„ne/- NSf '"'' J"^"" «»d W
•»'••"»• It pSnt, to ^,'TV''*" «"■» "tide
"Mnds the l«,w S^L^'"^- The people de-
G^r -^^-'Trty tt" '■t'^-- -t «
««I'sWord. Thatisth/r^' • , ™= "^^^ upon
8Sl
MKROCOrr MSOIUTION TIST CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
APPLIED tM^IGE Ine
1E53 Eos! Main Strxt
Rcx:h«sl«r. N«» York U609 US*
(716) 482 - 0300 - Phon.
(716) 28S-5989 - Fa»
APPENDIX
only a free, but also a civilized people, which dc
not demand a reckless or licentious liberty, but o;
based upon God's Word. And to what does th
point? What I am about to say is important, ai
I cannot do better than refer to what Grod tells i
Moses led Israel out of Egypt and was the la
giver and fixed the law by Grod's command, ai
what does the law say? That you shall not do wl
seems right in your eyes, but what God orders: tl
you shall do and that you shall perform; you sh;
do no more nor less than that. Moses selected t
wisest and oldest men out of the people and a
pointed them to be officers and judges under h
and laid down rules which could not be depart
from, but left it to the judges to expound and a
minister the laws according to their judgment a
conscience; but not to depart from the laws. Tl
is God's conmiandment. The New Testament sho
us the Lord and Master; but I will first say tl
Moses' subordinate officers were not the law-give
and therefore had not to question whether the h
was right, for that the Law-giver had to ansv
for. Only the Sovereign Power above Moses coi
alter what the Law-giver had laid down, even as G
did at the rock which Moses struck with his sta:
but the judges must deliver justice according to \
law as they receive it, and then act as faithi
servants, by administering the laws to the best
their knowledge and conscience.
So it is also with you, right honorable j udges. T
people by an article in the constitution has appoint
a Volksraad as the highest authority in the land, i
852
APPENDIX
legislative bodv x^h- u
tt^ «nd when Z .toW^"L7 ''*-'^' ^^ ^■'
bons <» you receive them f^ It '"^ ""• ««>I>>-
«I1 those who have receired .1. • ""'"*'y' '»' then
t on, bearing the«up4^f ^ *" 'r» ""d resolu-
««ne„ who come here IZ..'* ."""'"ined. For-
r«oIution, passed by ttc Vol W ^"'^ *' '^''^ ""d
»« to submit to them ^ l^tZ""^ "^ ^t«> «« will-
*» way, by trustingly "the ^^.T?. *"'"«'"»'"
depart therefrom, but Sa L, '* "^'^ "•"
W down by the higheS^^ I'T- ""'' '*«"''«0'>»
der which they have „bti "d ^"*? «>. *« land, un-
"» altered by the com* S **"• "Khts. wiD not
on the right hand S th "" *= '»" l-aod n^r
*o the lowest jud- ^1*^" y™' f™™ the high"^
•^^ Each n.ust aci^rf''™^ » «■» »™
™l« laid down by tttTLt. ?• '" ""''"' laws and
abovehin. Even^, nt^Ynd"-' "^^ *" "^d'
weakness, an article is ZZ, ^'"' ""^^ to man's
»>«» of a lower com aZ f J "P"""' ""d a j„dg!
^y «■« High Co^noP^^^'^-^ and quL.^
»« or punished for it 2™ ^ «P™a<*ed with
^ 1^. knowledge "a^Vrsd^r "T *" '"^ "-^
"■ereisnoloneer«n.„ fi ^ ""der his oath
»<! if you, honrbrj:S?r'.'"" *= High Co^^:
APPENDIX
which is not purely in accordance with the law, but
is pronounced to the best of your knowledge and
conscience, then you are not indictable either before
God or man. From you there is no longer any ap-
peal, and therefore you are called " gods; " but God
stands in the midst of the council of the gods and
pronounces judgment upon good and evil. If yoii
act to the best of your knowledge and conscience anc
remain within the law, then one day it shall be saic
unto you also: " Thou good and faithful servant
thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will mak.
thee ruler over many things." Then not only shal
confidence in the country be confirmed, but also u
you, who stand by the law, and men will have con
fidence also in the highest authority in the land an.
it shall not be scoffed at. Then also the sovereig
voice of the people will be confirmed, which alor
has the right to condemn laws.
Let us return to the point of how you can shoe
confidence, and look back to Moses. Moses gave tl
law, yet could not depart from it, but had to pr(
nounce judgment as the law prescribed. Only tl
supreme authority, the sovereign God alone cou
condemn the law; and not the subordmate. Tl
Devil instituted the principle of criticism in Par
disc and criticized God's Word, which said: "1
shall not eat of that tree, lest ye die." But then com
the Devil and criticizes that Word, saying: 1
shall not surely die: for God doth know that in t
day ye eat thereof, ye shall be as gods, knowmg go
and evil." And that interpretation is over the wh(
earth. Thus we see, under Moses, that Kon
S54
APPENDIX
settled the land. BetelZ.jS- °'^"'' ""^ ™-
Moses until God d«^v^V"T'r^ "«"'"»'
Abiram. God p„„iS^J^ f^^f; Nathan and
had acted aeainst tr-.tiT . y- '*^'"« they
The right o/SJnf r:*^";", ^'^'^ w°^-
Listen attentively^^;' '/"»"?'« "^ «•» Devil,
fate my words. We Zll ^.""'' '''• ""* ""der-
<-fo« God, and iTo ntlnwifT ^7 *° 'PP'"
the opportunity of snTki^T *'" *««'" '«™
lattime. Let °heteachT« ^ '"'".■ ^""«y he the
y°" Judge, shock ttetKi' );'"" ^ »y-
upon yourselves the riffhtnf-ti,""^.'' ^°" *^^^
have obtained rJghtsTS ° T'T"' ^^ "-ose who
of the VolksraaiCltt^ K'"l'*"r'" '*" °' decree
not tell how Cr^ " ^ t"^^"?- fo' they cm-
decide, and itHwe ^'^^ ""T *= «»^ •«» to
fidence is dest^ ' d i^^e^««lf ^*- Tnen con-
the co«.t,y, buflTif th ^' ""^ ■"" ""'y in
-d wij,*^ despiS'^dt^Tat^ttu'^"'^'-
and Maste;, bu?ac^ a^rf^h,*;"f^^ "' «» I^rd
«nd as the Devil saw- ^T,^.^'*"" "ure;
« not die." Ske wT *'"'«'« «ods and ye
«lf i» disnussed ^1 Ws J^"^f !^p *!» ««' •^-
"»• Then confidence in 1« Th** Chnst teaches
if we reflect uwnth?, """"^ '' '^'^^- »d.
'"chesusthatG^e^'^J:?,?^ *«t ^'» '"^"■^
^-^ one re^^s^rrrpT^"^"-"^^
8.8ht honorable sirs, you knowCourUte Chief
855
APPENDIX
i If
Justice, with some of his colleagues, adopi . tl
right of criticism and became as wanton as a idsh
the water that is free to swim about as it please
However, he jumped out of the water, that is
say, out of the law, on to dry land. The Volksraj
then passed a resolution, with reference to the lai
of the land to the eflFect that, if a judge refus
to submit to them, I must dismiss him. I did d
best, but the late Chief Justice was as slippery
a fish that has just jumped out of the water, so th
I could not master him. Then his colleague, t
Chief Justice of Cape Colony, who knew the abili
of our late Chief Justice, came, of his own accoi
to my assistance, and we got him back into the wat
that is to say, the law. Then I was glad, because
knew the ability of the late Chief Justice and c
not wish to lose hun. After that, the late Ch
Justice again became so wanton that he jumped
far out of the water that I saw no chance of getti
him back and had to let him go, the more so as
then roundly declared that he did not wish to
back to it, because he refused to acknowledge i
law as I understood it. But what does the late Ch
Justice say now? That it is my fault. He says ti
I did not keep my promise; and what I am n
saying I want taken down on paper, that all
world may read it. He can call it a prom
but I do not call it a promise; but I kept my wo
when I told him to revise the constitution and i
I would lay it as soon as possible before the Vol
raad. That was about March, in any case long
fore the time when the Volksraad was to sit. 1
S56
APPENDIX
F^^ft;^^^:^ '•'■ Cape C„I„„,.
•" soon a, possibk CeaT^to r °?^'-^' *^^
««"» to have lost hi, ",r/ ^"y" The man
n»tter before the Volk,™^ S"" ■*" ^ ^ng a
not sit tiU Mav» 7. '"^ " March when it does
"-Sht the^'jtlertCr «: J"*-"" -W
without delay, apnointT ""^ """^ «'««* My.
the fate ChieoXt J,oT"'«" "'•■"^ ^^^
ta, which, however, he reflL J;"" «" «">'«h.-
"Jfi: h,s promise in ™w 1^ *" ''°' ""(withstand,
of hin, however, foT^S* i""""* '«ke ■* «niss
lot his senses. What d^fhTd?' V *° '■"^
•n a manifesto, that it ».T , "^'^^ »« says
^ will apply to E^l^d T^'''." ""' ""P W™:
Properly what he h« ^^C "' 'V '^''^
has taken the oath tSTT ^^ '"'»'» that he
'J.t that Ms oath th^di^^tZ?"^' ''' "«-•
of *e eomitry; and he hJows tt»f ™k " " ^'«^
«Jowed to appeal to ano^r^ ' ''"«'■" " "ot
^ty. Mo,4ver, hTl^Ln^ ' "' "'*'• "^ "
«l«fed that the suzeraintT!^ i "^P'atedly de-
«>'e™al «ovemmennn?yrt he T' '"'"^ '■" »"
I do not take this ai^irof hL .*° **""• »"»
1*7' to have lost hiTs^^^T Ct °' '" "^ '^^^
vo ksraad passed a resoluB™ j ' • . ^"PPose the
»f rtf rights; who wS the^ I"""* ** P^Ple
^ late Chief JustirLw ^"T^ *' P^Pk? "
-"at he suggests the V^lt ^Tft " ^^ *»»
J^" already done. For HIT ""' ^ '""«'«
'»»«> on the Rand, he actoalty tX:' t ""'^-
857 ^^ hundreds
APPENDIX
of property-rights from the public and awardet
them to one or two ; and there is no help for it. becau*
the Supreme Court has the final decision. But, if th
Volksraad were to take such a step, the people wouL
come with petitions to have that step annullec
What does the late Chief Justice say further? H
savs that his dismissal is a violation of the conventioi
because he was appointed by the Interregnum; bi
he knows that this is not true. He was a judge i
President Burgers's time, and, when the Interregnu
came. Mr. De Wet was appointed Chief Jus*"^- ^
least, so I am told, an^ I believe that it is true. \Vh<
we took over the country again, the late Chiet Jv
tice went away. We sent for him to Kmiberley
take office as Chief Justice, but he w..s not appouit
as such by the Interregnum. He must have f(
ffotten this, or I must have read wrong. What d(
he do next? He himself really violates the conv(
tion by the principle which he accepts; for he refu
to acknowledge any resolutions of the Volksraad tl
are contrary to the convention. By the convent
we obtained land, but also hundreds of places w
cut oflF by the convention for which deeds of sale I
already been issued and some had even been oc
pied, and the convention itself lays down that
Volksraad must decide in the matter of the ani
ment of conveyances: so that that was against
constitution. Now, if the principle of the late C
Justice had been maintained, then the conven
would have been broken, and that we may not do,
then we should come into collision with i^ngh
That is where the maintenance of that prmc
S58
APPENDIX
■ WeWtof'uS!":- '^^ *- PLoe. would
Mve nsd to f«U back into our possession and the con.
veyance, be restored, for the dec«es of tte Votts
raad «>nceming them were in conflict witt fte
™tw„ J^' *.f P"""?!' »"« correct, there would b^
and hght igainst England. *
Gentlemen, I appreciate the late Chief Justice's
tor I liked bun greatly, and would wait until he wa,
cured to employ him again. His abilities w™"'
but he wen astray when he accepted the Dev^sS
c.ple, the right of criticism. Let me speak my m"nd
to you, for the late Chief Justice has ^Ith^U^^
nussed hm. iUegdly. Now the whole world ^h»r
how the matter really happened. """""car
You OTHEE OfPICEHS AND OFFICIALS, FEOM THE
HIOHEOT TO THE LOWEST,
On you also depends much that concerns the
Smwth «,d prosperity of the country, onTu who
^d under orde™ and instructions, S'th verW Ind
witten. If you scrupulously and zealously observe
your duty and each of you fulfils i: i„ his nlaeTl™!
mud, to Its progress and prospc ty, and not only act
tere*'so"^cr "' ""! ~""'^' ""* '" yo- "™ ^
«.d ISt^^eir r" *? ""^ -«'™ctions, verbal
359
APPENDIX
And you op the AhmyI
To you, right honorable Commandant Gen ra
and other officers, a brief word also: from you to th(
State President and d( )wn to the officer lowest in rank
who all form part of the defences of our country
against the enemy. If the ?' 'te President receive
news of a hostile invasion and aoes not inform you '
it, that will be on the State President's head and th(
blood that is shed will be laid to his account and hi
will be punished for it; and if you, Commandan
General, receive the n^ws and do not keep watch o
do not post watches, that will be on your head and th(
blood that is shed will be laid to your account and yoi
will be punished. Buc if you have given your order
to your suboidinates and iliey do not keep watdi thei
the bloodshed will be on their heads and they wil
have to bear the responsibility and the pumshment
so Grod's Word teaches us. Let each watch in hi
own department. From the Volksraad down to th
lowest official, all form a machine of state wit
many wheels, and when each wheel works in it
place with the others, concord reigns, and concc:
gives strength, on which God bestows His blessing
But when a wheel does not fit into the machine i
must be taken out and placed on one side or shifted
as otherwise the whole machine might go to piece;
If that wheel does not fit in anywhere else, it mus
be placed on one side. If, however, it does fit in som
other place, then, if the smallest wheel works in hai
mony with the largest, the machine of state may b
expected to go well and everything will spread lighl
and f>n such a co-operation God's blessing rests.
360
Hi. Honor then tumed to the dergy:
™» to my m"d?"Srw"Ctri* • ^T"'' *«'
them that publi* -— " , *''^ «« *• feet of
I know thaithat i, ™^'ta,k . '' P"''"'* P««! "
of critic;^ „a, insSttrSv"^.' "«'''
to Adam and Eve- •• v^t It !i - "' ^°'' *« Mid
"■'d ye d»u nofd-Wn?- ^'jfL'?"." "^ *^ t«e
■» «•» wa> tl,e Deva ha, fed It If «^" " "^
earth to build o . their ^ ""'^ thousands upon
'» no foundation; andean evif?' *= *"' *''^
preaehing. you W Xt thTcL- ^ '''P' "P» «>«
"ho stand by God's H^J^\^*''°'"'I«"e«rth,
- do not speakrf „S1 •'T* ^ *«'" ''8«''«t
point; and he who S"f.?. ' .u"' °^ «"> ""n
'gainst the spirit Till ■ '" Sf* '"" *» %ht
told of Cain's s^uI,LLT- ^5f °"^' ^d
the punishment: he pWd ^ ''"S' *'' ""* "ocept
"■•de his sacrifice anTttil'^ '" ^'» 'evel.
^"t with what :„t.js*^ s,*° "= -
Cam sang hymns of prai™ Z ,hl t - f''^'' """^
from nature, but whiKe th^ *u.^'"''' ^'"■<* e«me
«od- But God .^'^ th*!"t ''"* P''""* to
»o rehgion in C^ w ""* '^''"■'e God found
P«ee, like Abel W. .1 , f '''^ ""at publish
S6l
APPENDIX
Uiis refers to Christ— yes, and prayed in the sp
that the punishment which he had deserved mi
fall upon the Lamb, as otherwise he would sui
eternal death. God accepted the sacrifice and he
his prayer, and there we have the Father, Son i
Holy Gl'ost. The severity of the law is not
spected by men because of the Devil's right of ci
cism; aad it is even so with Christ's work of redei
tion, tlirough the Holy Ghost. Then preach tl
words: "How beautiful are the feet of them 1
publish peace." Stand firm in the struggle. '
Devil goes further and respects nothing; for we n
" I will put enmity between thee and the won
and between her seed and thy seed; it shall bruise
head, and thou shalt bruise his heel." So at las
comes to the Son of God in the wilderness — and y
the same intention he comes to the whol'3 earth-
says to Jesus: " If Thou be the Son of God, c
mand that these stones be made bread." But CI
says: " Man shall not live by bread alone, bul
every word that proceedeth out of the moutl
God." Then he sets Christ on the phmacle of
Temple, and the Devil says to Him: " If Thoi
the Son of God, cast Thyself down from hence:
it is written, He shall give His angels charge
Thee, and in their hands they s}.all bear Thee up,
at any time Thou dash Thy foot against a sto
But Christ answering says: " It is said, Thou s
not tempt the Lord thy God." Then the Devil t
Jesus up into an high mountain and shows Hin
the kingdoms of the world, saying: " If Thou
worship me, all this shall be Thine." But CI
S6i
APPENDIX
"t. upon ai.. Wort .•i!'l'° */ State, for it
corutitution. The J^l' T '" "^"'^ » "f «>e
W" thi, iMd desJed bv „ / ">"*= «"'' •'""
depth, of thatSwr!!:! ?'?"'' ™= »' the
Reverend sir,, pri*k,„tr 1 /*«*"* *'™« '«» <"•
for how beautiful .^Zf^' f.™ ''! ">« f"'^':
Pe«ce in Je,u, Chri,t for7b. n T *" P""'*
eritiei,- , «,y, thatm^'h." ^!** '"' ' ''"»tri"'e of
-- hi, o'„„ llpS'bX^r r*^ """ «">
own reawn and hiiown meri, T^ '*''*' ""d hi,
>h.ll not die. No, Zd S '."nd o^ '^ *"* "=
dance with God', Word ^'1. '^™"* '" ""^o'"
dergy of our peopk^d L";™* ^™ "" *™'y the
l-ays keep thViC o7 the r ."!.*?"' "^ ""^
«o that the ^p,e ZyL^]^^ ^'^ '" '>'«'
««i«lly «.d r^Ugioudy a«d ? !^ "8ht_Path,. both
•nd true and ,incerL^tii ^ ""'^ " «"°e«t
I«rt to the state ThtZ- "'"il T"^ "^ " '"P"
-ony. "Fear God and bn ^^, "* ^"""^ »"«-
*«IIrespeetyoutav»r^- *■ '*' ^'"«" ^-
S6s
APPENDIX
power allows. We shall respect you and protect yo
yes, even help and assist you to help to build up tl
church, but also not further than God's Word con
mands; and know that, when the earthly judge go<
so far that he begins to meddle with the internal go^
emment of the churdi, he is inspired with the spii
of Anti-Christ, for then he usurps the place of Chris
who is the Head of the church. If the worldly pow(
does this, it adopts the Devil's right of criticism 1
get that into its claws and destroy religion. GU)d hi
ereaed this Christian state and a Christian goven
ment, which will protect the church outside us, ar
you too, reverend sirs; but if you go outside the bo(]
that said, " Feed my lambs, feed my sheep," yc
meddle with the body politic and are possessed of tl
spirit of the Pope, and your preaching is no long(
a beautiful preaching of the Gospel. So long i
each remains within his own sphere of activity, thei
will be a healthy co-operation, and God's spirit wi
rest upon us and the Lord will bless us.
Now, DEAB ChILDBEN,
A brief word to you. You are the ones upo
whom the State President keeps his eye, for I se
our future church and state in your hands; for whe
all the old people are gone, you will be the churc
and state, but if you depart from the truth and stra]
you will lose yoiu* inheritance. Stand firm by Grod
Word, in which your parenlj have brought you uj
Love that Word. I shall endeavor with all m
might to assist churches and schools, to let you re
ceive a Christian education, so that you may hot
864
APPENDIX
able to enjoy « Christi.n j P^'""^8«l in beinR
alone, fe ti,lol,i^ZjttZ*^r- '"^ "»* you
to account. Xt is a sreJt^T* " ""^ *'™in« it
ment .nd the Ug^mvcZT *"* *« Go™™-
pn^ege for you that the rSl " "'*' « «««»
f»«<l h«™ accepted oT ?!™'™»»t «nd Volfe-
^«"«ge. Keep to Zt tTT " <*« »tate
m which your W«t^ f ^ *" «■« language
*e wilderness, ^^g^^j'"'"' ^ '«! o^ tt
'^Wd. became eCdf^!!^. ^^^ to God and
IfSuage in „hid, ^m ^' *° *"»• the
»W<* your forefX^ ^d%r»_^ ^o" ""d in
wntains the relirion^/^ *^ ^'Me. and which
fage, you also beZ?i„^t*^"'*°* «° yo«r Ian-
father, and indiir»^rto tte r'm"* *° ^"^ '<>"■
to your religion- ^L *'"' "><1 indifferent
»tirely andVu «b ^1™ 'f "O" ^"^ -"
»d of your religion, ^"^jf ^I »"tch Bible
f»«fathe,, with^onde« ^^^ "^^^ *o your
«■«>. w that we may noM^.^ ^"^ ^'™'' A™
your language LTsiSf ^? " "'^' ""» k«p
;«« good thhigtie^'f^^^dyom- religion. K
*' language ffyo^iT*" ""^^as^- especially
"o* to lofbut&fS,™* "'""» y°" ""«
jte*"'^'* a second
APPENDIX
language to you. Pray to God that you may stand
firm on this point and not stray, so that the Lord may
remain among you, and posterity will honor you for
your loyalty.
SCHOOLMASTEES AND MiSTBESSES,
A brief word to you also. You have, as it were,
become the guardians of the children in the place of
the parents who have given their children to God
before the pulpit to be educated for the Lord, m His
service and to His honor. You have taken them over
to feed them, as Christ said, hke lambs, to the honor
of God. You know that the New Testament says
that women brought their children to Jesus. They
were healthy and not sick children. The unbelievers
only take them to the doctor; but none of them will
send their healthy children to the doctor. Here, how-
ever, you see the women coming with healthy childrer
to Jesus, and the disciples rebuked them, but Jesui
said: " Suffer little children to come unto Me, anc
forbid them not, for of such is the Kingdom oi
Heaven." The mothers brought their children to re
ceive the heavenly blessing on the inward vocatioi
and to be healed mwardly. But if you, schoohnasten
and mistresses, do not know the faith, how then wil
you bring the children to Christ through the faith
I trust, however, that you do know it. Therefore
never forget to bring the children to the Lon
through the faith, and take care that religion is no
left in the background and only educational subject
taught, for then you are attacking religion and i
will be forgotten. For, when man proceeds only ac
866
APPENDIX
" Soas: and then it "r^t^d T/lf?* "■«" *«» •«
8««tep the mind the ™., 1 "J"*'"""' "The
™»he, f„n, put to pte^tL^-"*': ^hen he
not be neglected, for thatTtl,.^^"" ''* '^'''k'''"
•nd State. Sbu^dCby tte ^"''°^ °^ '*'^''
chadren who are enWtS t^ }^ ""> *™'* «>«
faithful servant, thou hLt bS^-f^Ji""" ^"^ »d
things, I will make thZ i **'™'>' wer a few
enter thou inuXjoyZt^^'^^ T^ "^^■■
right hand." '"^ ^^ ^"^ »nd sit at My
I have spoken.
of May 1898. '* Volksraad of the 12th
(Signed) W. J. FocKENs,
Secretary to the First Volksraad
leertifythatt^eaboveisatrueandfaithfuleopy.
H. C. DE Beuijn Pbince
867
\*J
APPENDIX B
Speech of State Piesident Keuger in the Fras-
VOLKSEAAD ON MONDAY, 1 MaY 1899
To the Right Hon. Mr. President of the Fin
Volksraad and to' the honorable members of th
First and Second Volksraad
Gentlemen,
It is a great pleasure to me once more cordiaUy 1
welcome you in this your house of assembly and 1
give my hearty thanks to God, who rules the Un
verse and who has spared and saved you all, so thi
you may again, with His help, devote all your ene
gies to the interests of our dear country and peopl
1. In those places where diflferent members (
your honorable assembly retired last year in rotatio
I have ordered new elections for members of tl
First and Second Volksraad. The result of the
elections will be laid before you.
2. As the vacancy arising through the electn
of Mr. A. D. W. Wohnarans to be a member of t
Executive Raad must be filled as soon as possible,
have issued a writ for the election of a new memt
for the village and district of Pretoria. The resi
of that election will be communicatea to you.
3. The term of office of Mr. S. W. Burg
member of the Executive Raad, wiU expire by ro
868
APPENDIX
however, that this matter win .^ ™™«l. I trust,
satisfactory concl^^ltlf,, ^ '"""«'" '" »
do all in 2y iw« to co^^^' "^ T**""™' *"
-ual sitting at B^mCiS"- STe'^rti^
S» J '"88'»«<»>»' in whieh the Governmert
joms, deserve your earnest attention.
369
APPENDIX
consisting of the Chief Justices of the two Repub-
lics has undertaken the duty of making further sug-
gestions for the assimilation of laws in accordance
with the resolutions passed in j'^our session of 1898,
This important work, however, requires long con-
sideration and mature deliberation, and this commis-
sion has not yet quite finished a work which, wher
it has once been given force of law by the represen
tatives of the people 'of both states, will certainlj
promote the welfare and the prosperity of the sistei
republics.
8. Negotiations have been entered mto with th
Orange Free State touching the payment of regis
tration fees for goods which, by treaty, are importet
free of duty into the South African Republic, thi
in accordance with the resolution of your honorabl
assembly, numbered 1,865, of the 4th of Octobe
1898. These negotiations have led to a provisions
agreement between the Governments of the tw
states which shall be laid before you for you
approval.
9. In view of the threatening danger that the tei
rible sickness known as the bubonic plague migl
visit South Africa, at the suggestion of our Goven
ment a conference was held, at the commencemei
of the year, at Pretoria, consisting of representativi
of the Orange Free State, Mozambique, Natal an
Cape Colony, in order to frame measures to prevei
the entrance and spread of the Asiatic pestilence i
South Africa. The report of the labors of the coi
f erence, which is sure to be read by you with interes
will be laid before you during this session for yoi
370
APPENDIX
Veterinary ConJ^Lth^^i*^ Internationa]
Baden - tte moS:fttr"f t^" "* ;?'«'»-
into consideration that tt!?^ *'^ y*"" Taking
importance to tte'^^;,?""^"''^ be of «„af
thought fit to deputTtte rl*'' Go™™n.ent has
Surgeon „ it, Cse^ta^r";^?*^,^'^"'"^
meet with your app^vTmwa^"?r"' ' *""*'
make use of thi. L~,J. ^ ' '* ** ""me tune,
P>««ue and'th^'S^Sie^ "^'^ "" "'■'»-
•«' Wnrm'S: !^d 'r ^'"' '^.^""'^ »''»™"
been entered to,rfo'leT*'?1r '"'™ "^^y
financial minister fXsouK".*^™'."' "" ""^
12. I ai . verv m,,.h i . ^^'"'^'' Republic.
you that gre^ V^'tr^f *° "^ '"' *" ^"^
ta«le, espfeiallyrS^t ^" """'" *'"» y™' »
wniL:fsi~:^-™^^,rr*'"""^^-
15* of March 1899 hTth f? ""'' P*«*^ »» ""e
bonus to the «t^ ' 1^! "^"f ' "^ *^ «'a°t of a
*• J. M. 1 wl,:S^^' f the E,«,«,, ^
«« wgret that tkTt J """ '='P'^«s my sin-
eompeuir\x*:t^rr^^«^::ir: r ^"
hjs resignation sinr^ h« ^ ^^/ealth to hand in
"-f «1 ^embS o? Ve ExL ^^^^^^ « -««*
to his clear insight into affaTrh" ^'^' *^'*'^^''
g into affairs, his energy and his
S71
m
APPENDIX
great lov« for his country, in which he always Aowed
himself to have at heart the true mterests of land
and people ; and I cannot omit to express to hun my
thaiiTitor aU that he has done, hopmg that your as-
sembly will come to a favorable decision on the re-
quest already made by me, as contained in Ae Gov-
ermnent Message of the 10th of M-^^ 1899.
U. The Executive ,Raad has found it necessary
to dispai«h a commando against the rebellious na-
tives of the tribe of lUmapulaan, mider their leader
MTesu,intheZoutpansbergdistnrt. Ij^^*^?^
sufficient praise for the courage, the skiU and the
sagacious prudence of our Commandant General
and officers, by which they have brought tins war to
a satisfactory conclusion, and for the excellent and
aallant behavior of our burghers, and I congratulate
all of us on tiie rapid and tiiorough manner in which
tiiis revolt has been suppressed. We mourn ^e fact
that tiiis commando has claimed some valuable vic-
tims and our sympatiiy is witii tiie survivor.. Tb
Govermnent has decided to fomid a village, to b
called Louis Trichaidt, on tiie spot where tje laager,
stood, and I am convmced tiiat tiie action of the Gov
ermnent meets witii your approval.
15 Seeing tiiat tiie Netherlands Soutii Afncai
Railway Company has resolved ^ repay the «um^
£2,000,000 which it had borrowed from tiie Goverr
ment, tiie necessity for the conclusion of a loan o
tiie part of the Government disappears tor tr
^"le!"! must express, in my own name and Ihat c
the Executive Raad, our great satisfaction with «
872
APPENDIX
17. It appears from various sourrv.. n^ :«*
*e Soutt Africn Republic conaMeX Tv/i^
cent of tte ertm,.ted produce of the whole worM
18. The GoTemment has -esolved to give effect
to aefonner resolution p.«ed in con„^'„^^
the ooohe question, with the «sult that, fZ tte^!,
m those streets, quarters and locations of ^ diff^'^
Cr ■"- ""^^^ ^""^ "- '^n^*I.:^t;
ri„* n 'J^'f "* """y P"™ ^<"' public works orin
^y bndges arid buildings, which could no^te
«miedmto execution or even discus;,ed, beca,^ tte
^S'™a„t^rr""'t"'^*»-^the
-i^es'^r "^ *° *^ r " "' y^ honorable
fW?r!f ' ^'o^^nent has published Uie Draft
ft-nstituhon «,d the Criminal Procedure Law fa fte
StmtKMrant for the approval of the neooir v„
21. In obedience to your order, the Govenunent
Ar:»ENDix
will again lay a pensions law before your honorable
assembly for discussion. I hope that this law will
enioy your earnest consideration.
22. It has been my privilege to visit certain dis-
tricts and villages, and to hold meetings at the fol-
lowing places: Heidelberg. Rustenburg and Johan-
nesburg. I hope, in the course of this session, to call
your attention to the demands and wishes of the bur-
ghers, in so far as these have been brought tc my
notice. ^ . • ^ ^
28. The Government finds, from the various re-
ports, that about 746.500 head of cattle have perished
from the pest. To my great gratitud'^ however. I
am able to inform you that this so dreaded disease
may now be regarded as suppressed. In January
last, a few cases still occurred, but only at Lyden-
burg. Krugersdorp and Piet Retief ; and, thanks to
the immediate fulfilment of the regulations conteined
in the proclamation and to the goodness of Provi-
dence, the disease was confined within those limits
and spread no further.
24. The Government has given orders for the sur-
vey of places for irrigation purposes, and the report
on the subject shall be laid before you.
25. A list of newly-appointed, resigned, suspended
and discharged functionaries shall be submitted for
^*'26.*The*'difFerent reports of the heads of depart-
ments shall be laid before you. «,,!«,«
27. Different biUs and modifications of the laws
shall be submitted for your approval.
28. The Government has given effect, m so lar
874
APPENDIX
as possible, to the instructions of your Hiah A.
Wy, as w 11 annom. f^^ *i. ^ ****" Assem-
win be I.W SC y™ " *' ^'*" "«' "?<"" a»t
and wirfom to^fm^^^ ^T^ "**"«*
;« I. J 1 matters which you will take
m hand, under His high blessing, for the welf^
and prosperity of Und and people
r-yi^w^jrf; S. J. P. Kbugeb,
State President.
I certify that the above is a true and faithful copy.
H. C. DE Bbuun Peince.
S75
APPENDIX C
Two Speechm of Pwmident Keuoeb at the
Decisive Sittino of the Fnw and Second
VOLKSRAAD OF 2 OCTOBEE 1899
Sveeck deUvered at the Commencement of the
SitUng
HONOBABLE SlE»,
To teU you what is in my mind : you know how the
Lord transplanted this people to this countey and
led it here amid miracles; so *at we rfiotdd have k
say. " Lord. I no longer believe in Thee." if thmg^
came to such a pass with us that now, when thousand
of enemies are assailing us, we voluntarily surren
dered the land which He gave us and not we our
sel^. LetustrustinGodandtogetherofiFerupou
prayerstotheLord. He is waiting for our en^a^
Ld He will be with us. The decision rests with Hm
L He will decide, not on lies, but on the groun
^'^^^axe familiar with the course of events an
know how the Volksraad and t^^ people have yielde
in everytiiing that was demanded. First, it was
ouel^Sie franchise. Three times we yieldc
ffimatter and I repeat, so that it may appe.
S76
APPENDIX
upon the minuto, Uut it i« . li. .-
not williW to t«.t«.U " f '" *» "y «»t we were
treated on an equal foctinff wJ*i,\ l . ®
«««..«<, *hen.Le.'nStrjf„re^ty'p^*
fftera^ttough by «, doing they would have .t once
lutjon that they „„.* defe^T^e^tTa^dT
VoIt.ra«J eonflnned that all who toJ^^'J"„ T
w«r diould obtain the franchise T^n f^ *^
fc- jnd «.mp,.i„ed th'lhe^IX ::t«™!
treated aa the most favored nation T I
10.1^ . "'"'• «'*l>ough the Convention ^nf
Zi St"^' *"' "-'^ ^"^ p^ -t
thi„t P"""""' ■»>' eq'Ml commercial rights Now
^r^; th ' 'X '"' "f *" *^ Lord-whe^*::^
favorS th^„ ' "* "«"^ *" *'-'^'- *^y ''ere less
C^t^ T."'™ '""«''""' ^""he"*- They
"• " *•"' -^P"*. "'«^ more favorably placed uj
877
APPENDIX
our burghers. They could take gold and anything
they liked out of the country and they could ever
obtain political rights, but they would not have them
The High Commissioner demanded that we should
extend the franchise and we had already done more
we even tried, afterwards, to treat them, the Uit
landers, on an equal footing with our burghers, bu
they declined. . • • i.-^ „,
In this respect, therefore, there is no mjustice oi
our side. We can appear frankly before our Lor
He will decide and He decides not by virtue of liei
but according to justice and truth Let -s *heref or
send up our prayers to Him on high, that He ma
guide us, and then, if thousands come, the Lord wi
guide us in right and justice until, perhaps, we sha
be freed once and for all from all these cares,
place myself whoUv in His hands. _
I will accuse no one of being a false prophet, bi
y,,A Psahn 108, verse 7. which came to my mir
-hile I was struggling in Player. You mu^n
read it because I say so, but because it is God s Wor
It was no dream that stood before my spirit, f or f al
dreams mislead us and I do not trouble about thei
I take my stand on God's Word alone. Now re
that psahn attentively and associate your praye
with that: then will the Lord gmde us; ar
when He is with us. who shall be agamst i
Therefore I say to you. go among your burgh.
and exhort them continuaUy to pray m t
'* wf so often forget what the Lord has done,
will not speak again of the War of Independer.
378
APPENDIX
the cou^ I, Z'^Z'Zt^ wonderfully was
rules all thLr^hri' ^, T™ '" ™ **»' »«
even if thoZds?f btlS "^ "^ "* ^°" '"»'•
»y faith and also my ^irpr™!^™" J^ '^
dedde an"to * iit't'"''^''' "»= H' '"«
° "* '""t He rules and none other.
11
The Second Speech delivered at the Sitting of
2 0ctoberlS9»
tte'Llde:ts''7ttrFr '^ ' T"" '""'' «"«
^-Pportedh^tn^Ji-i^.^ir*--'
i^ " tf ^e^^Cw'S^T '" ^ *'* *« ^
i» God's Word Ifl ^ '*' myself, it believes
find that cXwhen He n'"^'l""" Y""^' ^^ ««
people doT^^rj . P™"*™ and chastises His
v^pie, does not do so in such a wav that W. j.i-
^«t people wholly into the h^n^^I ^^f^,^'"''^^
«f Israel Mi J ^P'^' ">»» «, the people
""• ^'" """y ^«»n God and committed idot
379
APPENDIX
try it was punished and almost feU into slavery.
But you see in the Old Testament how, when thou-
sands of enemies then come to annihilate Gods
people, the people trusts to God, its Creator anc
Gentlemen, you have heard how they mock at u
for appeaUng to the Lord. That is a blasphem:
against God, and we trust therefore that the Lor(
^11 not let it go unpunished. The Lord chastise
us, but He will not suffer Himself to be bias
phemed. „ _,
One brief word more. Moses was a man ol Goc
and the Lord spoke with bun; but, at a time of gres
stress and combat, his friends had to stay up h
hands, for he was but a weak mortal. Aaron had 1
support him m the faith. So let us too rememb<
our generals and fighting-generals in our prayer
and unceasingly offer our prayers to God. Let i
support them in their faith and let us not forget 1
strengthen with our prayers the men who have \
conduct the Government.
380
APPENDIX D
Mi. Piesident and Gentlemen,
«u v^vemment. And the Oranffe Frep <Jfof«
has been true to her obhiration, .^ • .
with your resolnHnn """^^J""*' and, in accordance
Si^er R^nnS • T' ""^^"^ ^^'^"^ ^'^ *« «de of the
oister Kepubhe when, on the lJ»th of n«f k
broke out between the slfK a/- ^'^J?^*^^^' ^ar
the British Go'^tt ""'""" ""^^"^"^ -d
^2 -^eh -t ou. fore£^^7^Z^^j:a
exceeded our own expectations. Although
881
APPENDIX
the capture of General Cronj6 and his gallant
burghers and the occupation of Bloemfontein were
heavy blows to us, I am nevertheless glad to be able
to say that our burghers are still full of courage and
detennined to continue to fight for the preservation
of our dearly-purchased independence, and, it neces-
sary, like so many of our dear ones, to die as brave
and never-to-be-forgotten heroes. With the deepest
regret I have to inform you of the decease of the
Vice-president and Commandant General of oui
Sister Republic, Petrus Jacobus Joubert, a man ir
whom not only the Sister Republic, but all South
Africa has lost a faithful friend, a true patriot and ar
upright Christian, who devoted his best years to th(
service of his nation. May his life serve as an ex
ample to all of us and his death stimulate us, undei
God's blessing, to continue the struggle which he ha(
hitherto led with such ability in the Sister Republi
and to bring it to a happy peaxie 1
3 The enemy, not content with his greatly su
perior force, has sought to obtain still further ad
vantages by a constant abuse of the Red Cross an
the white flag, against which abuse I have bee
obliged to make a protest to the neutral Powers. A]
the mighty British Empire has not disdamed, m th
conflict with two small Republics, to make use c
crafty proclamations in order to divide our litt
people, i have pointed, in a counter-proclamatic
of my own, to the craftiness and danger of this con
munication, and am glad to be able to say that, so ti
as I know, comparativ-ly few have been so coward
and faint-hearted as to surrender voluntarily.
38S
*
APPENDIX
intention to annex the ne.Vh^ i '' "°* °^
we are pursuin"t^X^^^^^^^ f k "' '"* ^^'^^
the defence of onr it!! ^ different object, namely
Prime Minirter of Great Bri^ "'' p'*"»'=y the
restoration of Jace B.f T*/ "'" *" *^
Wd before you and'tirele^tyT^LtafthT" "^
rt-esro?^-K:^~:^:s:r
:^re^"x;rt£;.t-;t\^-S
Tb " '^'' '"'^* ■" '"^ ""J^' °f «« our prTyer
.'■I meThi: *' '^'TJ J"™ '"'"'a™ Sen
AfricarRepuWir"'""'' " '""" ''"'> *« S™*
uJal^H rl' "^ '"Po'^iWe for us to proceed I
*al debates. I would therefore pj^pose to you
383
APPENDIX
to adjourn them to a later date and to discuss only
those questions and decrees that shall be laid before
^°I conclude with the sincere prayer that, in the
name of the Thrice Holy God, we may all be granted
strength to keep up the sacred struggle for f reedoir
and justice upon which we entered in all seriousness
and to continue it energetically to the end. ForGoc
forbid that we should lightly surrender the mdepen
dence which we bought with our blood. I have done
SSi
APPENDIX E
Opening Speech of President Krugee at the
Ohdinahy Annual Session of the First and
Second Volksraad of the South African
Kepublic at the Joint Sitting of 7 May
Gentlemen,
I once more have great pleasure in cordiaUy wel-
coming you in this house of assembly and in ventur-
ing to give thanks to God, who rules the Universe
and who has protected and preserved you, so that
you can once more, with His help, devote aU your
strength to the mterests of our dear country and
1. Some members of your Raad have informed me
that, m consequence of the war, which compels their
presence with the commandos, they were miable to
Obey the summons to attend this meeting.
V^'i'^^Iu^ .^ "^^^^^ """^ *^""*^ ^« engaged with
England ha^ m addition to the many valuable vic-
tims which it has ah-eady exacted from among the
fZ r f M*. ^'''''' ^^^« ^^"^^"ded its viftims
oZo. of T^'^^V"^ "^"^*^^" ^''' ^ conse-
quence of which we have to lament the deaths of our
and ?o ^•/^^' «°d °^ beloved Vice-president
and Commandant General P. J. Joubert. One of
SSJ!
APPENDIX
them died a glorious death at ^erdepoort in the^e-
fevce of his fatherland against wild Kaffir hordes
contended by British officers; the other /^f^^j^,
wounds ^hich he received at the »»"[« ^^^J^^
laagte when leading our burghers; while both Mr.
To^n and the Vice-president and Commandant
General were taken from us by disease, the resutt of
prisons. A word of deep-felt esteem for th^
dead brothers, who were snatched from us m the
midst of their prosperous career, is not I think, out
of place at this time. Posterity will rate at its nght
value the work of our late Commandant General,
whose attitude inspired even the enemy with respect
Tnd whose hmnane and glorious conduct assured ou^
Ite a name of standmg among the cml-d na^^^^^
8 New elections for the vacant seats m the Volks
raad could not be held because of the extraordinary
^^'nwrnommated Mr. S. W. Bui^er as Vice-
president of the South African Repubhc : this nom-
Eon is provisional until the First Volksraad has
found time to settle the matter. .
5 As Commandant General I have appointed
Louis Botha, also provisionally until an election c^
be held It was the deceased Commandant Gen
eral's wish that Mr. Botha should succeed hjm in this
rXtpost. I am convinced that this provisiona
a^^intment has also met with the approval of the
"t I am deeply touched by the proof of loyidty on
the part of the people of our sister Republic, who
has shown by this act that she was determined tc
386
APPENDIX
fulfil the obligation, which die had made by treaty
with the people of the South African RepuMic i^
«^ . glorious fa*i„„ We the old tiT^nc^".
firmed and strengthened which alre«ly exisI^T
b^een the peoples inhabiting either bank X V«^
dence of the South African Republic also implies
^m. • T , ^'" '""«y ^nd the unbounded
f«.th in the future of the Afrikander Nation Xh
our sister Republic displayed in her attitude L^e^t
fte pec-ple and the Govermnent of the South S
us m the struggle for our existence which has been
forced upon us by the war with Great BnZ,Z
are of even greater moral value for the outeT^orid
and for aU who f oUow the struggle of a sn^U Zpfe
m^Xo/ "Ir V" ** 0"»8^ Free State de-
mands of us ,s that I should, at this phce of your
^«-mUy express, as your interpreter^ our li!Z
^fit^^I \^^ "^ 8™'""'''- God bless them
for their devotion to the cause of freedom!
7- It ,s a satisfaction to me to be again able to
S G™ r^ l""'' '' "" ^''~I'«™ "f th- Kinglm
^ fri^ilflT? ■"" '"■?"' *' K'P'""'" "'•'to-
m inendly relations with foreign Powers
at bS' visiting the various laagers/l was also
he Sta^p "*T' T^r. ^ ^^'""^ ^^* His Honor
the State President of the Orange Free State to send
887
APPKNDIX
a joint di.patch to the BritUh Government, in which,
X ref ening to the f «t th.t we h«l not «ught w«
.„d derired no increMe of territory. «« P^PTiJ^
open friendly negotiations on the ba»i» that boU. Re-
prWic, Aould be reeogni«d ». K.vere.gn mtema-
tional rtate. and receive the assurance ttat those of
Her Majesty's subjects who had assisted us in this
war shoiJd suffer no dunage in person or property.
From the reply of the British G„vernmert.wtod.
shall be laid before ydu. you wiU s ••> that that Gov-
Z.»t wa, always and is stiU dete. -toed to destroy
the independent existence of the two Republics.
9. Ev«i if OUT legislation in past years Hid our
negotiations with the British government had not
sh^ that we were ready to do everyihmg to pre-
serve peace, we are, now that war has broken out m
Ti-tte of o« efforts to prevent it. p«P«red to do
everything and to leave notUng untned to «sto«
peace. With this object. I h»ve 'greed with H«
Honor the State President of the Orange Free Slat
to send Mr. A. Fischer, the respited »«"*« f *'
Executive Raad of the Orange Fr« State. fOTboU
BepubUcs. Mr. C H. Wessels. President of th
VoLr^ui of the Free State, for his ^^^-^^
A D W. Wobnarans, member of the Executive
lUad. for our Republic, to Europe and Americ
^tte commission, in the name of the people an,
2<^ Govermnenls of the South African Eepubhc an^
fte Orange Free State, to petition for the resto»
to of pLe on the basis of the independence of th
*"lO^Tte presence in our fighting lines of attack.
888
APPENDIX
^"pn-B^oflr*^ '^ *"''""* '*'"«' «<• foil""
»e«.od, of warfare of «.r Repubht At tte «^e
Zt\,^ t^"^ «"d that different coun^ have
sent detachments of th*> n«,i n~. »"""« nave
, " ,"' '° "''P the widows and orohans of rt-
when I here express our gratitude f or th<L1Sr
Moiflang actions of noble humanity.
th. i-i ? ***" ""nP'li^d to make a protest to
wM^^Tii: rr::f ^r™ '^""^ v-<ri:^L^
wiLoi are m conflict with international law and win.
l^^ as practised between civihCi natas *
for m»tan«, against the abuse of the Red cC^
Se C^ 2"^ "■! '"■*«''«°>«'t of the wouZi^n
fte battle-field and of prisoner of war, and ttrem"
Plo^ent of natives to fight against tieT^puM™
the war hiPrial,th **"'' "-"^"ees in whiS'
me war has placed the country, I rejoice to find that
tte treasury h« been able to meet the great ex^^es
;L*:;^' -"' ""* *"^ "^^ - d^elopingTr:!
J!i' i ^"f °"^^ "^ °^ y°" "rthorization and
concluded a loan with the Orange Free State.
M16 of^tT^t^'iT 7«'r'"'°" "^ K=»>"«-
'o ot the 28th of September 1899, the Govem-
989
APPENDIX
„. hu Usued md enforced decreei u wcum-
!! ^,„Zded The Government trurt. that .t.
»rtioi., in » f«r as K reuc. ur" injlruc-
er* h« recdved V"" •PP'?™?' ■^^r.'
«""• r " rrr;!" i^toTpis, the ordi.
^r.^"t^r;5»»;^x-t"tithrn^'j
Tiiilpr of Nations vouchsafe to gird u' 7"" " . *
°i^tv^or\e pre.rv.tion »* «;^^^^«^^-^
towards the coming generation that «?«*'"„,
«™ a free fatherland at their hands. f«l«»Pr
towntinue the war and to remain '^jdf^^ A^
thm may the South African race, whose future w
S"opeful. now at Ust d-l^^-^^^-f
tree and prove by its actions that we are worm,
^fs Heaven help us to attain that endl I h.
done.
S90
APPENDIX F
Sp^h delh^eeed on the 7TH or Mav bv P™,.
M»T KhuGE. m EXPLANATION OF „,. QpEN-
wo Speech at the Ou,raA«» Sewon or 1900
^T. S""""^" ■'^ P.E..DENT, AND HoNOE-
ABLE MemBEM or THE TWO VoLKSEAADS,
.?. T ^Vr *"•' ''**'•= ">« '""""ion of the countn
» «.ch that I mUce this public request to be peSS
to^ve«,expl«„ti„„ofmyJdre«. "P*™"*""
befo- t^°" "T *' ^""^^ *" i°"»t«l upon
K««d, iJthough thi, body Mw objeetiom to "ueh !
"A "ThTr"" •'""* ^ '^'"" «l>no»t^r;
vei,«^„l'- ^'^ '^f^ "»n "greed to the seven
ye«« franchise and aJso that aU persons who h«l
b«n here for more than seven yea« „u]d^^„ t^
^ wb "^•^t^^y- The« were then n» ty
o"tataeS^"tS ) "T" ^t"^ *'"• ■■' «" "^ «■'« hS
^M K ,. franeh'se, they could have outvoted the
wf S? " r °l!?' '" P"^'"* bloodshS^J^'
"■e yielded so much as this. Nevertheless thev were
S91
APPENDIX
not contented, and declared that they wanted to have
the franchise after five years.
Our hurghers were against this, and tnere
vjur ui^e would not grant it,
text fuU of Ph«r«*,^ JT7,;iy as 1896, it had
would not have '.-' "^t^^"^*^ Jfong.
from docmnen^ *f ^^^' speech, the Go.
enunent, in ""d"*" *3„iai„ »„d Salisbury; ar
reaching proposal to Chairt^rl^ a ^^
what was the answer? You have re»«
axe angry at ever ha^g B ^^^^
pendent nation, and that, »n ^pite oi
tions that had heen made, they wiU never a
ledce that this nation is independent,
'"^onorahle sirs, I must speak out and say w
T W in my mind. Psahn 88 speaks of the atta.
of the MOne on Christ's Kingdom, which m
nolongerexist. And now the same words come fr
S92
APPENDIX
waowillmn? Surely, the Lord. You now see the
art.fi«a which abe«iy at that time wereTinTem
Ployed; ako how our people was willing tosZlJer
Jts nghte, and that the Executive Raad werr? "
m y,eldu,g that we ahnost lost our count^ n i^^
not however, their intention to obtain thie righT
independent. AH the rest would not have satisfied
Let us take note of this and observe the artful
"^g whkh this matter implies. They wroS to
ttt rr f "^ ®*''*' *•"" th^y had nothtag"^
ftat State, but only against this Rcpublif T^ev
H>us hoped to separate the two Republic^ whereS
t has appeared from the documents that nlo^TTt
the two was to continue to exist. See the d^Tt ^f
as 1896, after the Jameson Raid, this was decided
upon; and yet they pe«isted in declaring ZtT^
Orange Free State would hy down her Z^'. ,w
^unt^would continue to eit' The'cr^^ -Ft'
We were 40,000 men; but we had to guard against
Kaffirs on every side, and the command^* of Ma"e
Wm t^M™ •Tl"'" *° "' *"* "^i" Kaffir ^p.
tans would assist hmi, and wo ioiow that, altogether
^rherTK^^ r **• ^'^'^^ ""^ ^
umoer of Kaffirs alone was ahnost as ereat a, th»
»™.ber of our combatants, whUe in additSere *!
89S
APPENDIX
And that was
rived over 200,000 English troops,
what we had to fight agamst.
Honorable sirs, mark the dispositions of Cxod. is
it not wonderful that 40,000 men should have to
fight against hundreds of thousands and, m addition,
againsf a nation of blacks, and that we should ^il
be alive? Acknowledge God's hand in this. Fo
it is remarkable that, where we come m touch witl
the enemy, we stand ahnost in proportion of ten t(
a hundred, and yet the Lord has hitherto spared you
TwiU not take it upon myself to prophesy, but
will point out to you the guidance contained m God
Woi^. That is extraordinary. This war is a sig
of the times. It amounts to this, that the Beast r<
ceives the power to persecute the Church and w,
succeed mitil the Lord says, " Hitherto, but no f u
ther." And why? Because the Church must be tru
and purified, for there is much evil among us. ih
is why this war is an extraordmary one and a si|
of the times. ^ j» -inr
And every one must be convinced that God s Wo
is evident in this. They say that the people mv
not exist, but God says, "It shall exist, but mi
be purified." It lies so clear and open in my mi
that the day of Grace is not far off, that the Lc
wiU show that He is the Ruler and that nothing sh
happen without His consent. When He pern
that punishment descend upon us, we must subi
and hmnble ourselves, confess our sins and reti
xinto the Lord. Then, when the whole nation stai
in humility, seeing that it can do nothing, out o
894
APPENDIX
" Castinc oil ^' ^^^^^ ""■ verses 7 and 8-
roaring lion, waltol. .►;„ . "f^'y ^e devil, as a
devout" ThShI „n ? • "^^'"^ "■•""" '«' ^y
watch and ff wVfaU rl'TrT """•■ "'^ ""■»'
ou^elmiAtoi^I^ul ""'^^''' ^^ *aU bring
I ask you, brothers, is that a right wav „f „„t-
as was done, that Kaffirs ,ho„I^ K n ? *"«'
ter, and that these^ .fn ^ '"""* "? ""^ k'"
-n women LTZtTZTlt^'f'r'"
that no Kaffirs vvp,.^ ««, i / ^^ngl'sh declarf.;
fact that Montirw rh'tSlX'"' "'^f " "^ "
and is being emp oy^ t„ fiif "' " '" ^^^^'^"8
than half o/,he Ste m1u~ i^t of t?
fc, who fight against us. * °^ ^''^-
of tie BeL7 but /"hT^ "1,^ *'^ "^ <'™» f«ar
«ek thatThe W^d aat ?r "^ u*"^"*' ^' *<■ "«'
Jhed, Weh^trd^Xill-r f-X^e
»aid,«p:f.„„t^^" '!'»;,«!<= P™P''^' o*" G^ "nd
i' ear not. Then God arose, and in that God
S9S
APPENDIX
we must place our trust, for He is still the same
God. Le? us, therefore, not live as though there
werenoGcd. He rules. In the hegimung was the
Word, and the Word was God, and the Word was
made flesh and dwelt among us. Take note of his-
tory, which must serve us as an example. It is stiU
th; same God who led Israel from the wilderness
and hardened Pharaoh's heart to the end, until at last
all the first-horn of the Egyptians died, whereupon
Pharaoh allowed the Israelites to depart. It is stiU
the same God who stills the winds and storms upon
the sea, and his arm is not shortened.
Some ask: But does that point only to the Church
in the two Republics? No. See the three youttis in
the fiery furnace. Did these rejoice alone? No, but
God's people over the whole earth. Was it only for
Daniel, what happened in the lions' den? No, bul
for all Christians over the whole earth. Thus tht
Lord often employs a small band, to whom He dis
plays His miracles as an example for the whol(
Christian world.
Look at the blood that has been shed here on earth
What is the cause of it? We have wanted peac^
and our liberty, ever since 1836, and the Lor<
has given them to us, and shall the Lord ever lay Hi
hand to a thmg to withdraw it again? No, but let u
humble ourselves before the Lord. There is no doul
that eventually the Lord will lead us to victory. Th
day of grace is not far off for His people. Le
us not doubt, but remain true to God's word and figl
in His name. When the water shall rise to our hi
and we humble ourselves earnestly before the Lor(
S96
APPENDIX
ifners in the iiela or officers. This - r^f fk^ *•
ters be discussed which! submit to vou ThTrt
appointed an Acting ConunanLr^ene™? forT
have lost my right hand, although I do S mL
LlTc '"^ "? ""-^ "^ -"* --""
jiS , C<"nm«i'l«nt General, Messrs Ko^t
»dWoW«« fonnerly members o'f *:r.e<^^t
Jth-^ !^ " "°^ °f «" the old members
of the Executive Raad; neverthelc^ I flnTmu4
Mp and support in the present membersr^d^
riscs-«sriSK;5
no further." ^* "■"'erto, but
Powe^irt^"' '".r '"" •"-i-'o-Iy the other
rowers are on our side, and how all Europe nravs
™"%rno™t:Lt"''rr*'^"«'-^^*-
vere i^'rt„ h" '" ^' ^""^ «>'' '"t •« Perse-
vere imder H,m, ana He wiU perform miracles
For/ .r? "^ ^" *•"" I «» »«•* to St. Hdena'
For then the Lord wiU bring back the peo^etid
897
APPENDIX
set it free; and the same judgment shall fall upon
Babylon, tte eause of aU the blood that lu« been
S We are fighting for the liberty that G^g^e
ns I say again: If brothers from this Raad and
"prival^rsfns, who fought in the "-« of the l,»d
L believed, sho.Ud fall by the sword then-Gods
word says rt-ftey are sacrifleed «» *' ««" ^^^
greater glory of His name and of the ^onous
Church which is waiting to be revealed m this sign
"times. The Church must be tried and purified
and therefore I cannot beheve that it w U be per
^tted ftat we shaU be destroyed by this e^raor-
Z«y war. The war will last mitU the Lord ^ys
^Serto, but no further." Keep to «•»» a«d AgW
mth me! I place myself in the hands of the Loid
maSver He may have decided for me, I shall k s
K with which He strikes me, for I too ^ gmttj
Let each hmnble himself before the Lord. Ihav
spoken.
I certify that the above is a true and faithful cop:
H. C. DE Beuijn Prince.
is-*
sgs
APPENDIX G
TANT rn!^ C03IMANDANT GexERaL, AssIS-
TANT Commandants General and ^feicTrs
Machadodorp, 20 /««<> iqqo.
-Clinch not and fall not into unbelief.fn.fi *•
Chrirt. -md tlfe who tu X^T -.r P'"«"*«
Church will know Hi™ „ * . ^""' ""'' «>«■■
to enter theXS^ ^f Cvt"^ *^{ Jf ^'-«,
•re true to the faith .„H « iT- . "* ""°''' ^'x'
Lord, wearin7ther„f • ^** '" *' """' <''' the
md enter into glory ev«i^° "thousand years
»^h you abandon „Tt™^Stt\,?l"^^7' I ^■
"id so eo forth »nJ « i:r^ . ' ' '"'''' ^«st by it,
l«.k wfu i^ytrltlt's" "l7cT 1 *\^°"''
tkere whispers to you "FW" li ■?"* '''*"«
for listenimt to thT T,J^ f' '^ "^ Wasphemers,
your faith f Z^ IT^"" y- deny your God,
that nothtai ha^n, h! Tf ^°" """''' "^ «'-«'
power "rHi, m T ^"^ '""' '^^ I'™^' ™der the
Sd wf .^ ^T'"' ™' "'^ the tod of Pharaoh'
ad He not le«i them safely through the C |^,;
S99
APPENDIX
Did He not Hde the™ » *« *i^^;'tis"S.;:"
darkness to the e,«my bu^ ^^M to^H ^^ ^^ ^^
Z S^rd Sif we Sim « thfy tn^ed HU^.
t ,^t ::^ U also «-^" t,t w^e^:
iS^r^rho^^-rrli
Sn The Hons harmed him not. but when the Km
den. ^*\®i^®^J ! T>„_:ers persecutors should b.
sea. and when He 'TT^t^^' sXwhen tt
Strength of his taitn leix i ^^
dren- " Fear not, be strong of heart, 1 will noi
Ste vou for you beUeve in My Father and m 3SI
Sd & P«phe«ed war and judgments rf war ti
t^nfgW no^ be affrighted; for ^ese thm^ m
te ^s not our Saviour the same Sa™ur who t,
L„ ffimself death and who rose the third day,
^ 400
APPFxVDlX
when He ascend J int^n ^'" *^^ »«* «"»
telling them to flgh te ^T ^'"1 *""' ^^
come again. Anrt th,! *^ **"" """^ "e would
"•our, who has bmu' hr' P"^ "" ^""l ""d »«-
home, and given urZ-iiW "*/""" °" *»*•»'
cle, on ou/behXd::t^2;bUhT^"™f ■""-
menced this work will tosh iH V "u "^ ""»•
raised „p He wiU not alW to faU to ;h"*"' "^. *""
repeat, He is the same rZ i. u ^ *^ «™""<'- I
hi» th:ee hund:^ «^o« tr^? 5'"'^ ^'''«'" "d
them in battle and tow^e tl'?',?"'' ^'^fU-ened
Dear brothers, dear br^h«s I vf T™'^ ™'°'^-
your faith. Deoend TiT ^'^ y""' '"«« not
™hes to go to his oi^^- * • . " *'"'* ^"'-y one
That wiU^^e»Zs,on;r"'"'° "«•■*">««•
or at least wittouTvle % f 'r"' "'" >« b-d
he happens to teunZ. .^.'™'y'>o<iy fight where
«lf ; b^Zrag^^^^^^^^f^' he finds him-
means victory* oi^;''5^'"""d loyal, for that
mission from EuropT Oh! T'*' "'^ "" C"""
I^«l Roberts i"ro^"'^F^ C^'^ "'
will see that it ;<. «„«,• i ''tate, and you
ing to Psa^ ssT ^^ •'"" " ^""^y^^- AceoM-
Ple shaulS exisHn cS- .^°" "?" *"* *' ^^
^dChambcrlarnl:^*'^™^*- ^^^"^
«, ' ""^"^ ^ P^^y y«»' let us not faU from
401
APPENDIX
faith, but foUow His commands. He often leads
His children through the barren desert where it
seems as if they cx,uld never get ^^^f'^^\^
we will only trust Him. I assure you He will be om^
Jdde. He who trusts in God's gmdance ,s under
&tection of the King of Kings and safe thi^ugh
the darkest night. His word is truth everlastmg.
^llt'^s^^ read to aU officers and burghers, for
our present suflferings are nothing compared with
everlasting glory. Let us obey our Saviour.
40S
APPENDIX H
■r^U^ K.OM x„. SX.>„ p^^,,, ^
C0MJUND.U(T GenEHAI.
Officer, anrt h ^^^H^ooWKP. 7 July. 1900.
he«ts whithe™«ver Hetin ";'' "*° ""^ «"
danger « Mine " I^d th^ T ■' "^ ^^ '^^'^ " Th«
hani Now f^C * fl^" 'I'^T « «J«. in Hi,
until bwl,y: ,« i7thTl S ^ '^""" """ "^^i^^'ng
ou. ,ide j^ z:l^^ i:t„t7 ™'rr r °"
multitude of "^"^Z^t"' ■" '"^ "' "" «"«*
not been bleiMed V^t ^'"^^ """ f"™
unbeliever,T^„,t^,2*7f ^T^^™ '^'-*
doubt that He i, on our ide X ""^ '^ "*
now flo«led our ooZr^tiJt T **■ ""«
W,. which wehaTnl7bJIn ah?''* """^ ""^""^
»de; he ha, not done^ bTfo" f"^^ ^ "''^
there is no doubt h„t .^.^ ^ °' "™»' «> that
lood and ti.r'he^l^'^*:Slt ""' "^ *° *"»
ffinch in the faiUi anrtT .T^ ^ """• ^° do not
of u, fan away T.1 4 "°l^ ^"""'^ ^"^ «>n.e
t. > hefore ™:^„ 1 T mIC b^II f" '^'"'y -d
tef thu,: Some of r, TlT 1. ^ '°°^ "' *« "nat-
aome ot our burghers, who. overpowered
403
APPENDIX
by the enemy, were obliged to lay down their arnui,
I excuse, if they join again at the first opportunity.
in order to go on fighting; but, when others go so
far as to lay down their arms and take the oath and
not return, then that, according to the Scriptures, is
a faUing away from God. though, to be sure, such
men wiU say. even as the Beast that they beheve m
the Lord. But the Lord says. " Show Me thy faith
by thy works." And. when they then perform the
works of the Beast, in order to betray their brothers,
then they assume a faith which is dead. See Revela^
tion xiv. 9. 10: " If any man worship the Beast and
his unage. the same shall drink of the wme of the
wrath of God." and so on. Brothers, any of you who
may perhaps have gone so far. turn back and humble
yo^ves before the Lord: He will forgive you
and then fight bravely in His name. Read this tele
gram to the officers and burghers at every op
portunity.
,1
404
APPENDIX I
1 «ee by your renfrt '"r""*"' ** •'"'*' '»«»•
Bon seeking to mke „*w ^ !»'' '„'^""«
you mu,t understod, wheTvoTTet tH"^' ^"'*'"-
you and you begin to h^Zf 1, 1 """"y ?"«
t«k him or not.Z dnvTtt? ,T "". '""' *«" «*"
behind, in the whok wuntr^ °u^ "^ '«" «m.in
to hesitate and d™i^rS^i:trV':'^ ■■'" *''"■
do your duty and attaoihtowh' '^*' "■•"" y°»
"elf. then y«, insp,! „,,'"' "'^1" "" *""» W™-
fte fa™, in theM"*" r*"*"™ '"»«in«l on
courage to help in thTflih, "" .r*" *"*" *" >"«•
too be but few For thf ?' *°"«'' ""y ""d "e
of the great^fore^ btt "IS"^.'' "°* '■" «>' '""■d
however few we D»y be Li2„ , !k " "" "'™^'
Loid: "WhenH.* r to ""e words of the
^^ora ^o^:Jr^l't 7P'«. He Hunt,
t-cks us and fes thouldralldTu^r?^ "■
405
of shots
APPENDIX
at U.e few of us, our few shot, hit m-^y m^^ of
L^d^ And has it not yet become evident to you
!iT' c T «iid in mv fonner sentence, we live in a
that, as I said in my lu ^^
time when we axe bemg tried *>y *^^*\/^^^^
^Ire shaU be wars and rumors of wars: But 8e<
^^:: ^^tt ».:rr^%-t a^^nst ^e Devi
whom r^ steadfast in the faith for he watt^
tZ Uke a raging lion -'^« ""T '^XL*
vour •• Then see in Matthew, when the Evil t.pii
I^'the L^rd Jesus into a high mounl^n and s«,
!^^things will I give Thee, if Thou wJt ft
down^idworsUpme." Then ihe Lord J^ |"
" ^ thee hence, Satan; tou ^t worship fteLo
thy God, and Him only Shalt thou serve. Brotoe
*Lk »;, that is the g<»d «8ht, to ™ «.ej^
And he who camiot fight the good fight stall J
^theerown. For then he falls and « jomedw
fte eva spirit of the «r, who files with his great fo
ov"fteLth. And so he receives the maA of
Beast in the forehead and will dnnk with the Be
406
>re of
rit of
us to
Lord
of the
o you
e in a
e who
Lpostle
iwhen
' And
v., that
3ut see
;s must
nember
lur care
verse 8
B Devil,
walketh
may de-
a Spirit
,nd said:
wilt fall
sus said:
the Lord
Brothers,
le crown,
shall not
ined with
reat force
jk of the
the Beast
APPENDIX
of the wine of the wrath of God ReaH n i *•
XIV. verses 9, lo 12 «n^ lo xr ° Revelation
verse 12, whi^h says' ^W • 1°*"' ^ ^^"^^^^
«^ts; here are th^* thaf k? '\*^ ^**""^ °^ **>«
of God and the fS If !k ? *^^ «>°"nandments
my brother: tS^ If ^ ^''^ '^'" ^o. no,
% to the LordL^relttt^JT^^
^'oirtS^fis,rth^Tr-^^^^^^^
liber^ Which trirs: ^Lr 'j^it ""'
faith is a d^d 121 t .J' f "^ ^P^*' «»«* «»«n's
thy faith tytkyZ^V"^'^^^^ -^s. " Show n.e
the Lord ii P^ 108 J^^ ^ *" P^°""^ ^f
who fight throu^LlTl^!'*^ ^^ '«y^ *h«t they
Lord ^ Sth?,^^^^ ^^««%' --d «ie
Keep courage I*efL"'!^'J^^^ their enemies.
Loni will ^splay ffiTXnS^; "^ ^""^' *^^
Also I will caS LrrlJ^t^^ ^ ^^^"^ wealoi,^.
AmericTw^^crfLi!! r *^' ^*°^ "^ *'^*^
%ht againTLlrSfaS^tr' T^ ^^ ^^ *«
their nmnberwa^rfen^h^^.^^^^ ^^' ^*«"«h
men vTfK *^^ "^"^ *o less than 2.000
how unjust^^godSs th^t ^^''^ """"^ " ^ ^^
ina. f« J ij 1 ^°"^^® the war is, as we were will-
which we sent f^Tr u .'^^ "" °"^ declaration,
'""* *° Sahsbury. that we only wished to
407
APPENDIX
keep our independence. Then the same spirit an-
swered that this nation must not exist, or, to use his
own words: " I wiU not permit your nation to con-
tinue to be a nation." Dear brothers, through G^ s
Word I am sure of this, that the victory is ours. But
let us remain true and fight in the name of the Lord,
on the strength of His promise and I r^uest the
officers often to read and re-read this notice to the
burghers.
408
APPENDIX J
state and the s"S''^' *!«"»«« F«e
more tl»„ eight monZ,^.- ,®f ?"'>''<» •'"ve, for
maintaining, fte Co™?'J?^^""* ■»<■ «« »tiU
British E^irel ^^ "^"^ *« "»i«l>ty
M«TS. ili^.oT™«™ "^ «>« ^*«. of
Field M^shal^f ^^ "™? ^^ ^'^ Roberb,
Britid, fo«e, in s^i^T"''"""-™'^ "* «"«
State has been conquered hi H t ?""«' ^'«
"d is Mmexed to 1 Bri«f '^.-^V^'" t"op,
•nd the Onmge IW sJ!^ ^.*"* "^ »«" ™ the field
"d the aforeSd;^.*" »''*'«» -"-I-red.
«« inlemationd iS^^ " *"*^'»* "PP<»ed
0««>8e Free Stat™ ^"^T ''='™'*«' «»t the
«-.»ani.^rn:frfSr-'^-
409
APPENDIX
of such a nation to rob it of ite Hberty under any
^^^.d^^rraeen. it desirable ^e<Ua^^
inform all whom it may concern that the af oresait
p^toation is not recognized by the Govenunen^
Mid neople of the Orange Free State:
N^I Martinus Theunis Steyn. State Pre^den
of ThTorange Free State, after deliberation wi^ th
Executive Raad, do, hereby proclami, m the name o
Z mdependent p^ple of ^he Orange Fr^ Stai.
tiiat the aforesaid annexation .s not recogmzed and
null, void and invalid. . ^. r^ ^^-Pn
Given under my hand at Reite "^t^e grange F^
Stete on the 11th day of the month of July 1900
M. T. Steyn,
Sti*e President.
410
INDEX
INDEX
''wirS'-e^,?'*«''o* of Civil
Accidents to president Kruger:
off? ^lodi^lVife"^?. Ji^T
ment of wound7 32 33 ' *'
268 -^^ ^^^er's policy,
AMi"^? the C?°Ae^V««
;;^tl, the South^ricSltep^j!
tiatioM, JT2 m.^^p^fSS-
uLS^.^- """^l-ded. 1967^
laonfe^ftenKr ^*
B«iid, 273, 275 *''® Jameson
^ry at President Kruger, 3
"^S'SoL^giti^^^-B*-
Sir T HiT^ Bntain in 1877:
T Si!«~!* ^ . ®' aiTival of Sir
Siio^T72"9°/S?»^'«''-'
«" 01, 112; confederation
418
oppositioV^Ts^ n9.^d«fr'
?«'«»«», ^ provisions for '12?."
interview' S'r'i^r *"^°t:'
P?r?otL"o?lU t^ation, re-
meeting at W/!t;Ji^*' ^^^' ™"S8
nexation n«. .f'^®'*" '<>' an-
tionfor'peMel.'^n'""> P*"'
eonunissiS^'T-i„v?s"tSrir;'
t-e of oppUti^;'i«^*«^ - na-
SSf^t; B^itSh^g**^™^ -
126; Jorisselv Dr ''•'?°'«"*'
Ihli* T'^*"*' attitude. Sir T
128TS^er?^^^,SrdH 1^5
visional" T fh^®"*', Pre-
tentions X^denrKe^;
disregard of President Kraf!?,
warnxng 119; pW,Ucite^S^^
13i/ILpire^,°i/"f^;^'
Bu.gers*.%rSfS;^19'^"?:S
INDEX
of annexation, Boer endeavor to
obtein-Arrest of Pretoriua and
Bok on charge oi high treason.
142; Cape Colony, appeal to,
139; Cetewayo, alliance with,
proposed— President Kruger'i
Opposition, 137 ; Gladstone, fail-
ure of appeal to, 146; Klelnfon-
tein meetings— Frere, Sir B., re-
ception of, 138; Joubert's
speech, 137; Kruger's, Presi-
dent, speech, 137; last petition
to Governor of the Transvaal,
172 ; Orange Free State, support
of request for repeal by, 189;
petition to British Government
proposed— Sir B. Prere's agree-
ment to forward petition, 139;
preparations for war, 146; proc-
lamation of British Government
offering self-government, Mr.
Kruger's opinion on, 143; re-
sort to force proposed, 137, 138 ;
Kruger's, President, endeavors
to maintain peace, 137: Kru-
ger's, President, warning, 137;
War of Independence (see that
title); Wonderfontein meeting
—Kruger's, Mr., warning to
burghers, 137; popular resolu-
tion against annexation, 139;
Sand Biver Convention, annexa-
tion a violation of, 119; Shep-
stone's, Sir T., declaration that
he was authorized and prepared
to annex the South African Ke-
pnblic— Mr. Kruger's protest,
119; South African War partly
due to the annexation, 120; vil-
lage population favoring annex-
ation, 114; Volksraad, extraor-
dinary meeting of, 116; Bur-
gers', President, attempt to ex-
clude burghers who refused to
pay the Secncuni vrar tax, 112
Annexation of the neighboring
colonies on outbreak of the war
of 1899: Mr. Steyn's speech in
the Volksraad, 382
Anstruther, Colonel: Death at bat-
tle of Bronkhorstspruit, 154
Appendices: A, 333; B, 368; C,
376; D, 381; E, 385; T, 391;
G, 399; H, 403; I, 405; J, 409
April (KaflSr servant of President
Kruger), literary attainment
of, 15; Kaffir missionary's difll
culties caused by, 16
Arbitration on poinU in disput
between Great Britai and th
Sonth African Republic- Pres:
dent Kruger's proposals: Bloen
fontein conference, 273; Chan
berlain's, Mr., rejection c
proposals, 272; dispatch of 271
July, 1899, 279; foreign elemei
other than Orange Free Stat
exclusion of— Condition la:
down in alternative proposal '
Mr. Chamberlain's joint ooi
mission proposal on the fra
chise question, 282, 288; Chw
berlain's, Mr., dispatch of 80
August, 1899, and Mr. Beiti
reply, 284, 286; ^"z's, M
letter of 9th June, 1899, 275; i
ply 277; ultimatum of 9th C
tober, 1899, 304, 305
Armaments of the Sonth Afnc
Bepublic— Purchas.- of anns a
ammunition after the Jamei
Raid: Defenceless condition
the Republic, 265; further p
chases on discovery of 1
Chamberlain's complicity in '
Raid, iJ47, 248
Army of the Sonth Afncan
public— Commandant Genera
Botha, Mr. Louis, appointm
of. 309, 389; Joubert, Gene
death of, 309; KruMr's, I
address to, on his election
president (12 May, 1898), 3
war between Great Bnti
South African Republic,
Orange Free State (see 1
title)
Balloon ascent by President I
ger in Paris, 132
BaUot: First election by bs
for the presidency of the S(
African Republic, 258
Bantjes, Jan: President Krug
identity discovered to
Strigdom by, 85
Barkly West: Diamond-fields
covered in 1870, 105
Basnto War: First Basuto
-Orange Free State trm
414
It
ttM
riik
mtm
taiamenta
iry'i dUB-
n dispute
and the
ue— Fre«i-
Is: Bloem-
r3; Cluun-
sction of
ch of 27th
zn element
'ree State,
tion laid
>ropo8al to
joint com-
the fran-
;83; Cham-
oh of 80th
it. Beits '8
litz'B, Mr.,
99,275; re-
of 9th Oc-
5
ith African
)f arms and
16 Jameaon
ondition of
urther pur-
y of Mr.
iclty in the
African Be-
; General:
ippointment
,rt, General,
ager's, Mr.,
election ai
1898), 360;
at Britain,
public, and
) (gee that
INDEX
)nd-fleld8 di«-
^^ «
Baauto War
tate troubles
Jjth Chief Morteri., 60; Kru-
of. 96- R^tj? S^^' decision
^u^altoenr^'-l^;^!?''"'''-
e^''*5;^'^^BeSc™b'Lth'
-S.^.VofSe*'^;?; "5" ''
97; KruKr PrL^.fP*."'*'^' «*«•»
JJjMaJapMoun^aiJiriS'oa'
of^wto?!^*'^* *-i "^
oflLTA'n&riV^''^^"
BiSrfot??^"^»5rnr'
P««ident KrLr^" ""^
fontein, SlatK 1«M ^'°"
Pliaj.t'attitLni^S^=^-
oJe^'^'aLd^^'"^ ^«^Se":t':
ner? ^ij f^^^' 273; Mil-'
Bine Mountains, Malapoch puni-
Rrif f P*!'""" t°= EffortHf
Bnt«h subjecta to escaJT mU
nJ^fy. ■?"*««' 218, 219
Bodenstem, Field' Comet- R^
Bok, Mr. W p . A
e^S"^ .»' ^igh iretTl42"
tarf to ''il.^'"«"««' ^re.
S»ti.;Ba%pSStal:
^89, aecretanr to second depu'
415
i"exa«onf isr'"'* '^'^ an-
transfer ^r.P'*'*'***"''* in
/rorj^'ritM?r^«:„*^-.«'''te
averted by PresideitKtye, si'
•>», PretoriuB's, M W„ li-
on Oranife Fre^ «/»♦« *' »• ""■
^t'' ^o-n.^danf"' Slt"rL'
ment, 70 ' ''*' ""'e-
^"'^"'co^andatt^ Appointment
^^^ commandant general, 309,
Boundary betweea Orange Fr«
State and South a *.• ^^ * ***
state) rBaTtoN^^™"** ^ee
-doi^rStil^^^rbV"
council of war at MalT^Jown^
Stle'St'"^' SiT^li *" P
ttr^SriTar"*^"-' '^»
„ to pubK/To?" V^P"*'"""
"i^SoStrAT?"*" Annexation
1877 o^f'^P*''"' Republic in
J;»77, attitude aa to— t.«,^
Carnarvon's statements 5?flf
di«nond.fielda of Sh Tt'-
nca, contention as to o»n»;
aon^lte ^■-ond-"eldL° ; Se''
f ho r ^ enq""y, charge againrt
tele^T."™""-* "' ^thhS
Sn^^ P",^*^ ^'- Chamber*
^n 8 complicity, 247 sZo.
to' P^t Vstat^ han^^g ^*ll
to Pretonus on behalf of Bopr
emigrants, 56 ■"*^'
A*i!f*' KP°,"^y '" South Africa-
Chamberlain's, Mr., policy ^f
provocation, 267-272; ^charite J
INDEX
of, lie*, trwMsheiJ, IntrigjM, 112,
222, 236, 242; •MWtion of
1877 a typical ca«e, 126, 188
British South Africac Company
(MM) Chartered Company)
Bronkhorrtapruit, battle of, 158;
treachery, charge of, againat
Boeia, 154 *„„*
Brown: Bewaarplaatoen allotment
litigation, Chfef Jm**^ K"*"*
di.?uting validity of Vpltoraad
ree^lutloM, 255; di-miasal of
the Chief Juatice, 257; Kro-
ger 's, Preaident, defence, 356
Bubonic plague conference : PreeJ-
dent Kruger's announcenlent m
the Volkaraad, 370
Buffalo-hunting: Pre»ident Kra-
eer'a experiencea, 24
Bwger, Tir. 8. W.: Adenf^rff
trS. oppoaition to Preaident
Kroger, 207; f^VV^intme^ u
vice-priident of tLe South Af-
rican Bepublic, nomination, 38»,
expiration of term of office,
Prwident Kroger 'a announce-
ment in the Votoraad, 368
Burgera, Preaident: Advanced
vfewa'of, opposition of bMgh-
eni, etc., 109; dwaatasfac^
tion among burghers with the
president's goveroment. Hi,
kroger 'B, Mr., offer to secure re-
electW of, if Burgera would de-
fend independence of the South
African Bepublic, 115; new
constitution drawn up by, ll»,
rejection by people, 119; rail-
way from Lorenxo Manjuea to
Pretoria, project of-journey
to Europe to 'aise loa"' l^'
opposition of burghers, 110, ll-J,
118: religious views, libcraUty
of-Mr. Kroger '8 disapproval,
etc., 110; Secucuni war tax-at-
tempt to exclude from Volksraad
burghers who refused to pay
tax, 112; Secucuni War of 1870
(se^ that title) ; Shepstone's, Sir
T., mission to Pretoria— presi-
dent's disregard of Mr. Kru-
eer's warning, 119; state presi-
dent, election as, 108; Kroger 's,
Mr., statement at inauguration
of President Burgers, 108
Burgher ''«>>»• v Co"*^**?,^"C
which a burgher of "Itt^*' »•;
public should receive borghet
Tights In the aiater state, 260;
Swaailand convention, terma of,
223
Caledon Biver encampment, 6
C^lveyn, Chief: BebeUion in
Marlco district, 170
Cannibalism among Kafttr^ t-vi
dences discovered by Preslden
Kroger during expedition t
avenge Potgleter'a murder, 43
Cape Colony: Annexation of th
South African Republic; burgt
era' appeal to Cape Colony t
support their request for «
j;;a7l44; goyeroor appoW
K of Sir A. MUner, 258
Kaffir cattle raida-Boen
cattle impounded for war co*
after recovery by owners, *
Modiotte-Montaioa War, voltt
teera from the colony, 171
slave emancipation pnorjo tr<
of 1835, 4; tariff war with tl
South African Bepublic (»
tariff war)
Carnarvon, Lo'd (Secretagr
State for the Colomea) : Bnti
Government's attitude on t
annexation question, statemei
as to, 126; petition against i
nexation of South Afncan I
public addressed to, 1^»
CeUiers, Sarel: Defeat of Ma
bele attack on Vechtkop Laag
Cetewayo's rebeUlon '^ee Z>
War of 1879)
Chamberlain, Mr. /•• Arbit
tion-rejection of South -
rican Bepublic proposals, 2
dispatches with the ob
of embittering the Bnl
people against the Republic,
leged, 248; franchise quest^
stlge^ of (see t.tles francl
qu^lon and franchise la^
home rule for Johannesb
proposed, 245; publication
dispatch In the London p
before It had «ached the (
ernment of the South Afr
416
>iii apon
ither Be-
borgher
ite, 260;
terms of,
at, 6
t in
aw: Evl-
Preiident
litioa to
irder, 43
}ii of the
ic; burgh-
Ck>lony to
; for re-
appoint-
ner, 258;
lg_Boen'
war costs
wnera, 4;
7ar, volnn-
»ny, 170;
ior to trek
r with the
iblic (see
sretary of
)): British
le on the
statements
Against an-
kfrican Be-
129
t of Mata-
lop Laager,
/f>ee Zola
. Arbitra-
South Af-
(osals, 279;
the object
be British
lepublic, al-
so question,
j8 franchise
ehise law) ;
ohannesbuTK
blication of
ondon preM
led the Got-
uth African
INDEX
p& l"ier'"^'*'cim. {o '''^" •'"»^« "-l J""**- of th,
England to co«t>r on T^J^ fupreme Court and Stat/ At*
matters-discussion of AmS fi",!!?^/" ^^l*!*"* Kr^er's ad
* of the London Conrsitl?.! ^"" *"'«" >«1« •lection^ nrll
E^lnded, 245. 249, S^r's ChiWh i^KHHZ' ^»»»),^S
i^esident, counter 'cSiUon.'' caUlet^l'^^'^''" ^"«^' *J
B^t^O°„"I *1-J«^ to the
TM*nr/i " *■• culprits to th«
SSJ? ^r°""*"*' 2*2; com.
PUcity, charge of, 228. 248-
S? t^J!!."™*"* "' withhold
cfm£Srreom^J?Sf. 2^':
t^v„i„5r^»^Vu'ditif
«oer chUdren during Or«it
^r^^Pr.ident.Vi.^a^/en'*?;
the ch^ger249. Cd™r "' . ""'""d wifi/u "' "'°"°""* "^
ventiou P 1884-WokSSn''o"/ ^*^*-'*/*-««-Vor..erd« Church.
^hat the
bT Vh- n ^''"•-violation of
«?Kii • ^?''«"unent of the Be-
JoUtsraad of no practical use "
contention, 199; uw^^ty
question-contention *•— ""
Convention of 1881
176, 273; tariff w
Cape Oilony and
^S?. SffL J^-«.?S.
^'t'-V T*"" between Great
fnA^ ^""'^ ^''■"'" Bepublio
and (^ange i reo State-T^ly to
pS'ce^/^*> ^.-PpUcation for
g«ce negotiations. President
Kruger-s comments, 892
oT m. ^r^^'^y} Formation
Inii^itL ^^ «'^«" to influ-
ential people in England, ift'i-
55r f^?" ^^<^ negotiSions
for exteiwion of territory, 249-
sruth *A ^ • Co-'^^^tion binding
si^t ?h. ™'"* Kepublic to as-
suit the company, 223
Chastisement and punishment dis-
taction between 59 '
^i^'?'d,Lord: Commander-in-
UhLf ^" ° ^" 0' 1879ri3^;
Wnndi, victory at, 134
«5 J'Vrt'co disputing vaUdity
27
417
ri^i«"T« ^ .. ''"'"•"w member-
£^^K^^^"i «*'«biUtie. at.
wcung to membership, 75. ,-.
r:^ »' •""biUties, 76; u'niot
- .-^ Cy 207 " '° "sTnot'joSI^
-Cen' ''olia„,tJ&« •"= ^•'--t
9 South SmiH, T# • territory secured by
r. Ch^- ChSchSs'JteK^lP.'iJ^''' 10^
li« Ba ^"V*^™^ or South African Bennh-
ie_Be- he: Dopper or Canting cSh
?.^if .ff' /*' political disabiU-
ties attacL^g to membership in.
^?5 "5r'''« of disabilities^ Ve^
State ChuTcL: Intention of sub^
as State Church attributed to
..„'• ^™«u®' ''y Schoeman, 78:
union between Berv^rn,^,
m»^r /" •^*'*^' ^"7; abandon-
ment of umon-church property
^pute 208; confere^nce^^
1891; President Kruger's at-
tempt to compose quarrel, 208,
ZL^X^''' ^^""'"^ remaining
outside the union, 207
Civil War of 1861-1864: Com-
mandant General Schoe-^an%
™^ "' .the constitution
-araed opposition to Orobler's
presidency, etc., 71; Aapjes
River first shot fired atT 77^
abohtion of Volksraad and con-
ferring of legislative power on
INDEX
EzMuUve BMkd-Oenena 8cho^
guui'i propoaal. 71; boundary
qoMtioB— PrMidant KnigM ap-
pointed to wpwMnt tho South
iUMeMi B«pnbUc, 83; coundl of
mx In Prttorln, 82. 88; light-
lag north of Potchefttroom—
Prerident Kruger'B «**«!>.
flight of Oenerml Bcbo«man, 80;
flnM collected by Prfwldent
Kroger, 82; freeh compUcatlon«.
Preirident Kroger nPt'n =*"«'•
on to interpoee, 74; Heidelberg
dirtrlct meeting, 82; Kroger '•,
Preeident, amuelng experieiMse on
the way to the meeting, 8B-8«;
Jeppe, Steyn'e demand for tur-
render of, 72; joint commlwion
meeUng near Potohefrtroom,
failure to eecure peace, 77, 79;
Kroger 'b, Preeident, action pre-
Tioue to outbreak of hoetilitien,
60, 73, 74; Kroger '■, President,
refusal to purroe the enemy
after Zwartkopje, 89; Krot^w's
and Fourie'i, Meeam., miiieion
to the Orange Free State to
carry out term* of peace con-
ference, 91; oppoBitlon commis-
sion nominated to see that the
Oorernment adhered strictljr
to the peace conference deci-
nona, 91; peace conference af-
ter Zwartkopje, constitution and
dediiona of, 90, 91; Pot«bef-
Btroom, fighting at-^yP®"?
dud, 79; Kroner's, President,
atraUgem to obtain releaee of
priBonerB taken, etc., 86, 87;
Pretoria meeting— resolution to
carry out Volksraad decision,
78 74' second joint commission,
P^dent Kroger '6 proposals
carried, etc., 81, 82; settlement
—amnesty— President Kroger s
proposal agreed to by the Volks-
iaad, 90; Brand's, President,
advice, 91; special court ap-
pointed by Volksraad to settle
matters in dispute, 73, 74; court
Bummoned— decision in case of
Andriea du Toit, 82; Schoe-
man's. Commandant General,
action, 72, 74; second joint
commiBaion, dodBions or, 81 ;
Volksraad 'b deelaioB— depoBitioa
of Coma»Bdaat 0««al Seho^
man, etc., 78, 74; Btota Cbnreh
-Preeident Kragw «^»J»^
with intention to eompel subati-
tutioB of Dopper for Eervormdt
Chureh as SUte Church- reporl
spread 1^ Schoeman, 78; Kro
ger'f, Proddent, statement t<
Jan Koek, 78, 79; Steyn, Jo
hannes, appointment of, o}
Bchoeman as commandant gen
eral, 71; Zwartkopje -defeat o
Bchoeman 's pnrty, 88, 89
Clergy: Pred . it Kroger 's ad
dresB to, 0.1 his election as presi
dent O? Vay, 1»M).861
Ooairs' >a drift! (see Tariff War
Coiifl -ig: Swariland Conventioi
..i.lorence between Proriuf
Kroger and Sir H. Loch, 224
Cologne: Preddent Kroger 's r
ception in 1900, 325
Colonidng expedition of 18*
Preddent Kroger 'b share i
etc., 13, 14 . ^ .^ a
Commandant General of the Sou
African BepubUc: Botha, M
Louis, appointment of, 809, M
Joubert, General Piet, elect!
of, 151; re-election in 1»«
1«9; Kroger, election of, 8
rejection after the CivU Wi
92; PretoriuB, M. W., appoi
ment, 66 . . « xv »<
Communication of the South AJ
can Bepublic and Orange T.
State with the outer worl
Boer attempt to acquire a h
bor at Durban, 9; British
neratlon of Sambaanland j
Umbigesaland, Transvaal's 1
outlet to the sea cut off bv, .
Company promoting on value
property: Preventive measu
Preddent Kroger 's speech
the Volksraad (12 May, 181
342
Confederation of South Af
under the British flag: Met
Joubert and Kroger depute<
urge Cape Parliament to o]
dtion, 158 X.. »«_
Confltitution of the South Afr
Republic: Assimilation of
418
•poaitiOB
J 8eho«-
■ Chnieh
ebargad
ll RllMti-
ervormde
It— raport
78; Kru-
nnent to
teyn, Jo-
of, by
iant gen-
defeat of
89
ger '■ ad-
1 at preai-
301
uiS War)
onvention,
President
Dcb, 224
Dger's re-
of 1845,
■hare in,
the South
totha, Mr.
,309,889;
rt, election
in 1884,
in of, 82;
Civil War,
r., appoint-
Stouth Af ri-
raage Free
ter world:
[uire a har-
British an-
anland and
svaal's last
oft bT, 224
)n valueless
e measures,
speech in
May, 1898),
Kr'thV'oj'tfc^L''' ^'-
Hcan Bej^uWicJro. %*'""• ^*-
*«♦ • drawn '„„ J "'JT ^'^i-
Burg«« j]?. "P ^y. Prerident
peoDl. lit ' '•J«*t'on by tho
Kot.«, Sf /.f.;,""'" '"' 256;
io Pr«ident k" '*"'•, "PP««ition
dlsmlM*? /. '^ "»«•«•'■ poller-
m?Ti.ir/''SeirVj'''
'mce of hi. „' »r^.^*°^' tJe-
Convention of ikfiA ,
Convention) * ^'*" ^^ndon
■et apart f of tk ^ '^ qnarters
President, defence %/?^' '•»
"pt to^assS 7h, riZ"r'*«
hont'g w«<»n^ * \ Beniiden-
Cronj«'r Sed"'*^. ~'« »'-
■ale 140. T *^ fwistance to
237^- M^sotT^nJCcr^^'-'
INDEX
161, 152 ',
^o^s^^dutie, dispute (.ee Tar-
""atfl^-r^-^AfHca:
condder, 203 * '®'"'*' *»
^^d, Kaffl, ^3siona^ to Kaf-
'tetio^n'^^at'^mo^^''^
fpvemor'B house on ,?'"*"»°«»
^aef;'p^i,7^io?-«-'«.
419
lands South Afri- «>' Nrther-
peTiiior'^i.r-'''-'^"
»7«; VoiksASd". . •"'"««-'o"^
'oncessioj T79. •«'"«»Mt to
»'r the Vo hsiLj , «"""' '«>'«<1
war. 22a. i„r .*. ^'"ol" rail.
to build^ 177 ^"'"Sruese offer
^lir ^""""tee estabUahed,
'^-S'otian.. ^r?7«^-r"»
enclosing dUtt'fll' «V»P«»«k
^Conventfon:"50 "" ^'"^"^
XuSrtrrJ-o^rUSr
^"«^(12 5S?f ISmJ'U"'*-
«s^;^to%T'"i?b;j'™tr
approval, 106; BritS^Tn *"^
of Arbitration Co..^^"*!""
107: Keat«'. >r action,
in favnr „f' ^^^i^°^' 'lecision
INDEX
Dini2uln, fwn o£ Cetewayo: Land
granted to Boeni in return for
lasiBtance against Usibepu, 184
Doomkop: Surrender of vt-
Jameson to Commandant Cronje,
237
Dopper or Cai-ting Church: Deri-
vation and meaning of dopper,
75. 76; foundation in 180», lo,
Xkigei, President, a meinber,
76; poUtical disabilities attach-
ioi to membership, 75; removal
of disabilities, 76; tenets of,
etc.. 76; union of churches in
1881, Dopper Church remaining
outside, 207 ^ ., *
Dordrecht, HoUand: President
Kruger's visit, 328 .. _ .
Drifti^dosing of (see Twifl War)
]>nrban: Boer attempt to acquire
harbor, 9 ^ ^ •
Dutch language as the state lan-
luaee: Educational medium-
Indent Kruger's praaple,
214, note; Kruger's, President,
address to the children on hia
election as president (1^ «iay,
1898), 214, 215, 364, note;
Swaziland convention, terms oi,
222
Dynamite explosion at Johannes-
burg, 19 February, W 244
Dynamite monopoly: Abolition of
-suggestions in report of the
Industrial Commission, 253; re-
duction in price of dynamite-
President Kruger's speech (l-J
May, 1898), 386
Edgar case: Mr. Chamberlains
misrepresentations, 267
Education: Direction of education,
successive appointment of vt.
du Toit and Professor Mansvelt,
215, 216, note; grants to schools
in which education was not
given in Dutch-law of 1892,
lit, note; Great Trek of 1836,
means taken for education ot
chUdren, 11, 12; kruger's
President, education, eirtent ana
nature of, 11, 12; Kroger 's,
President, views on, W8; lan-
guages, study of, President
Kruger's belief in the DutcB
language as the one and onlj
educational medium, 215, note
217, note; law of 1882, faulta
execution of, 215, note; Pari
Exhibition of 1900, distinction
won by the South African Be
pubUc at, 217, note; refom:
President Kruger's misgiving
as to grants, qualification o
teachers and higher educatio
of women, 216, note; religiov
instruction-education law c
1874, defects of, 215, nott
Kruger's, President, speech c
installation as prewdent V
May, 1898), 214, 366, not,
TJitlanders, education of
erection of schools at the co
of the state, 217, note
Eloff, Field Comet Barel: t-a
ture by VUjoea at Potdw
stroom, 86; escape, 86; co
mandeering burghers of t
Zwartruggen district, 88
Eloff, Lieutenant, taken prisoi
by Dr. Jameson, 237
Elephant hunting: President K
ger's experiences, 21; race w
an elephant, 27
England: Invitation from ]
Oiamberlain to visit EnglMid
confer on Transvaal matter
discussion of Article 4 ol
London Convention precluc
245, 249; Kruger's, IJesidi
counter conditions, 246; U
aer's. President, visits-l
?iBit in 1877, 125; second v
129-131; third visit as men
*_ / •■ i-Ai T7A. %
of 1884 deputation, 174, i
tions with the South Af r
EepubUc (see titles British/
emment, British poUcy, u
vention, etc.) .j * i
English lord and President J
ger, anecdote of, 6, note
English population of the H
African Republic: Educatj
advantages at the cost of
state, 217, note
Enslin: Death by treacher
Zwartkopje, 89
Envoy extraordinary of the 6
African EepubUc in Eui
Appointment of Dr. Leyds
4S0
INDEX
l?22--dei,arture from Iretoria w* "^ v ''*'*«"'* CompanV's ter
comphcity in the Jameson Cd,
Father of President Kruger 3.
fo?'?he''r"l«>"^*^«on of,
Pede'raSon*:/ &•»"?'. 262
*^^«.^Sif' Commandant of Or-
Praise: K^age^r^H . ••
come to ^esidenT&^SnTi
jou^ey through FrancfiToot
Franchise question: Uitlaarl««.>
— - *.™ owe: Basuto war- f"°'''''"=«'-Bloemfontein c„^
^^4^ as to' the pro'mi^'' A?.'
f^5"«n» to take the field ^^th
the burghers in 1884-Pre8idenf
Mr™%^V''' ChamSin's
snnio ■"'«*'bury speech-" The
S'"'284'"'''^''?'™'''the
Kiaas, J84; commission an
pointment of, by t^ BritZ
Goveniment-Mr. ChambeS's
--_ ^ „,„ o,,mn African Po J Beitz's, Mr., reply 2Sfi.
public in 1893, 216 ^ ^^" SS^ference between ^^deSt
Foreign relation of the South rh^^f ^-^ ^ir A. Mil^^Mr
African Bepublic- TRTm^,* Chamberlain's proDosal f^n A.f*
President. .^11"^ ..^J«r«. gust, 1899), 28^28^ St^^'
Mr., reply. 2«s. T\Jil xr**^ *'
Pi™^f'>*Krugera8,37
if'iauicial condition of the s«„*i.
^can Beppblie i? 1885,^79^
8«Id-flelds discoyeiy, effeit o,;
P^her, Mr. Abraham: Jameson
^ 'to^r^ "^ culprits-Td
vice to the commandants, 241-
r^oll "S"^*?^ 0* the Son h Af-
ncan Bepnblic-refnsal of Id-
4SI
„ ' — - ^> ''°"j aoo: iieitr'a
& n?'^'- •'^'' ^™" ^W o'f
J8»», provisions of, 277- failnro
went Steyn's correspondence
INDEX
with Sir A. Milner, 298; gold-
flelds repreaentation in the
Yolkaraad, proposed increase in,
281; Great Britain's demands—
"Devilish fraud "—President
Kruffer's protest against British
Pharisaical hypocrisy, 895; Kru-
ger's. President, speech in the
Volksraad, 388; inadequacy of
reforms— further demands by
the Uitlanders' Council and the
South African League, 284; in-
terrention by Great Britain (see
that title); joint commission
for revision of law of 1899—
Mr. Chamberlain 's proposal
(1 August, 1899), 279; ac-
ceptance by Government of
South African Bepubli(| (2
September, 1899), 289; alter-
native proposal by Government
of South Africa, 281, 283, 290;
Cluunberlain 's, Mr., reply of
30th August— Mr. Chamberlain's
contention that he had accepted
proposal, 285, 286; lapsing of
proposal— Mr. Beits 's letter of
2d September, 286; Beitz's, Mr.,
reply of 12th August, 280; Lon-
don Convention, violation of —
charge against Mr. Chamberlain,
279; Smuts 's, Mr., interviews
with Mr. Greene, 280, 283 ; with-
drawal of proposal by the Brit-
ish Government — Greene's, Mr.,
letter and Mr. Beitz's reply,
289; Steyn's, President, dis-
patch of 27th September, 294;
Kruger's, President, proposals
— elfect on plans of Mr. Cham-
berlain and Sir A. Milner, 270;
Phillips's, Mr., statement that
" We do not care a fig for the
franchise," 232; Second Volks-
raad, institution of, 197; bur-
ghers' approval, 198; Kruger's,
President, responsibility, 197,
199; opposition to, 198; powers
of Second Volksraad, 199; Uit-
landers' dissatisfaction, 199;
vote for, etc., conditions of ob-
taLning, 197, 198; seven years'
francUse— retrospective fran-
chise-Afrikander leaders' pro-
posal, 278; Smuts 's, Mr., inter-
view with Mr. Greene on I5tli
August, 1899, 280, 283; yielded
by the Bepubiie— PresideBt Km-
ger's speech in the Volksraad,
388; Steyn's, President, media-
tion—correspondence between
Sir A. Milner and President
Steyn, 293-303; negotistiona—
remoral of British troops from
borders of South African Bepub
lie stipulated for, 300; Uitland
ers' council, dissatisfaction of
279 ; Volksraad— new memben
— permission to speak their owi
language, Mr. Greeue's letter oi
12th September, 1899, and Mr
Beitz's reply, 289, 291; opening
— announcement in the presi
dent's speech, 369; war of 1899-
1902 forced on the BepnUic
franchise question used as a pre
text, 269, 270, 272
Fraser, Mr., acting British agen
in Pretoria: Befusal to receiv
petition on Uitlander grievancet
271
Frere, Sir Bartle: Annexation o
1877— deputation of protes
against annexation, interview
with Sir B. Frere, 130; EMi
fontein meetings— dishonest coi
duct of Sir B. f'rere in the mai
ter of the burghers' petitio
against annexation, 138, 145; n
ception at, 157; open letter t
Messrs. Kruger and Jonbert dii
tributed among burghers, 138
arrival in Cape Town, 118; Kn
ger and Joubert, Messrs., inviti
tion to, during their mission t
Cape Town, 145; invitation r(
fused, 145; Zulu War of 187
—request to President Krugc
to accompany expediticn, 133
Kruger 's, President, refuse
133 ; frontier commisr ion— a]
pointment, etc., 173; "*iassou
declared independent, J.79
Gangrene, Boer remedy for, 34
Ga^bone, Chief: Diamond-flelc
discovered in 1870; British Go'
enunent contention that ten
422
^,? -list -' '° '
INDEX
Tc^T? -^- -President. vi«{* j' Pff self-eovernmonf „«"'/?'•'
of pi«.M . "^**''*»c reception «"r«™«'ent resuminjr .
1877?f.5iurft?'„hl'*' •'^''" " British ;?r*'™'"«"t offered b^
of 1899-1902- trT^^i' 3j ^^
Government from Tw' • "' ,*''«
chadodorp 312. AT , **'".*-Ma.
^annonncemenj371 ^™«" " Soutf A?rickn^«n m^ '1*'' *''«
of-5hief Justice of the In* "' children duS ?h'«f "?*^°"
ger's speech deUver^Tt Lf ?^' §"^"« during Kn^ of *P,^'
K"i*i2Sx *« P'esWent (lo"; „ <^?f Pretorius, 70 "* °^ ^'^'•
5ft^'l80?*ii ^i".' di«:over^ of '^S'i P?ace ' conference after
todiscoverr, 120 ilo rfS^ *^"^ Grobler, Ket- ro„». i * .
•-Si^i' IxEl", "^isr-aS-- -"- « .^
INDEX
;9-^^
and complicity in the Jameson
fiaid, 244
Jarria, Dr. Eutherford: Negotia-
tions on behalf of Mr. Bhodes
for extension of chartered com-
pany's territory, 229
Heidelberg : Franchise reform
proposals— President Kruger's
meeting, 270; gold-flelds, dis-
covery of, 179, 180; meeting
during Civil War— President
Kruger's meeting with the
young Boer, who announced that
Eruger had better not come, 83
Herholdt and Hofmeyer, Messrs.:
Franchise law simplification,
mission to Pretoria, 278 ;
Eervormde Church: Eesolution of
coundl, conferring equal rights
on burghers of all evangelical
churches, 76 ; state churcl* of the
South African Eepublic, 74;
substitution of Dopper Church
as state church— intention at-
tributed to President Krnger by
Schoeman, 78; union with Ne
derdvitadh-Oereformeerde Church
in 1881, 207; abandonment of
union— property dispute, 208 ;
conference of 1891— President
Kruger's failure to compose
quarrel, 208, 209
Hicks-Beach, Sir M., and the Boer
deputation of protest against
anneiation; Memorial, reply to,
180; refusal to receive deputa-
tion, 130
Hilversum, President Eruger at,
827, 328
Hofmeyer, Jan: Swariland con-
vention, work in securing first
convention, 205
Hofmeyer and Herholdt, Messrs.:
Franchise law simplification,
mission to Pretoria, 278
Hogge, Major W. S. (H. M. Spe-
ciS Commissioner) : Letter to
Commandant General Pretorius
requesting him to take over Or-
ange Free State on behalf of the
Boer emigrants, 55
Holland: Boer delegates of 1884,
reception of, 177; Kruger's,
President, visit in 1877— failure
to obtain intervention, 125 ; Krn-
ger 's. President, life in, 326-
328; Queen of Holland and
President Kruger— oiler of war-
ships for jouruOT to Europe,
319; reception of President Kru-
ger, 326
Home rule for Johannesburg:
Chamberlain's, Mr. J., proposal,
245; publication of the dispatcb
in the London press before i<
reached the Government of th<
South African Eepublic— pro
test, 245
Hudson: Dispute with Presideni
£^ger, as to name of Soutt
African Eepublic, 164
Hunting experiences of Presiden
Kruger, 17-34
Illness of President Kruger, 327
Immigration restriction: Presi-
dent Kruger 's views on, 168
Importation of goods: Begistra
tion fees for goods importei
free — provisional agreemen
with the Orange Free State-
President Krt^r's announc*
ment in the Volksraad, 370
Independence of the South Ai
rican Eepublic: Paarde Krai
declaration, 151; Salisbury 'i
Lord, reply to Boer demand dm
ing war of 1899-1902, 383, 39!
393
Independence, War of (188(
1881) ; Ammunition, scarcil
of, among Boers, 153; ammun
tion taken from the Englisl
162; armistice, English roqua
for, 157; Boer generals servii
in, 153; Boer losses, English «
aggeration of, 162; Boer pl«
of operations, 152; Bronkhon
spruit, battle of, 153 ; treacher
charge of, against Boers, 15^
Heidelberg, occupation of, 15!
KafBrs called out against Boei
153; Bjuger's, President, mi
sion to Magato's KafSrs, 15!
Majuba Hill, battie of, 151
number of Boer forces, 15:
number of men engaged <
either side, 162; Paarde Kra
mass-meeting— meeting forbi
den, participants proclaim
4S4
INDEX
wbete, 151; resolutions isi.
flntwh representative Al
sSct.£°^l°S^«««"V'-^-
i^i'dpr'S^ii'>"«^n'^,_I>r.,
Convention f«e vi'.. ^?*.°"*
provisional protocol • *'*I®>'
bert :ujp:T"- Kruger and Jou-
{,•♦«-« «opnvea of power «#
■troom-lSgr'shnf i ?ot«bef-
claimed byXat ntv *?'"*0'y
163, 164 Britain, 159,
iBd^nden^, War of, ^the Free
^ command, 37 ^/- ^^tori^'s
168 '^"en* Kmger's views.
Intervention by Griwi*- »«•*-• .
proDosal^+i,'' * commission
'be' gj2 . "fr°i-- of
gram of 3l8t Anmist isoo
September, 1899. 294. 'u?'*''
turn of ath (X,* I , ' '"tuna-
protest "by ^I'^^'T'^
305; viola^tion of^ndon' r*^'
mention of isa^ iK)n<ion Con-
aion of deW«L ^877-commis-
appe^ for T2T l^^T^^ 1°
t^ ^^rvWioi 'lir^^-
fTesident, a member of «« J!S^ '
■ion. 129 TOR ' commis-
4>2S
"^S""' ^'-^ ^atabele, expedi-
.SesoTa.^^^^ -^^^
Ss-^'=T^^^-'=« of the
-charge against the Bri^
Government of withholding tS£
Johannesburg m .*"" ^? ^"t^'
•"nong the !;.rgei-d3^T*
-den iT n*''^ ^"••aSSbu;!
den with aU the rebels in it '^
a'Sok^^ni^^'io'LS^^'^'
disturbed 'e?n'ditionTf!!^^rL^'
£be^£rara-B
o^a?p"rr.tS,2^B
ntations to President^X
235™E "5 *»•« Gove^^r
^35, flight ff thousands of hi-
INDEX
habitants, 234; mediation— Sir
H. Bobinson's offer, 236, 239;
Phillips's, Mr. Lionel, attack on
the Government, 231 ; police con-
fined to barracks in order to
avoid a collision, 234; proclama-
tions by President Kruger stat-
ing that the conspiratoru consti-
tuted only a small part of the
population, 236, 243; reformers'
letter of appeal— undated letter
handed to Dr. Jameson to serve
as an excuse for invasion, 231;
unconditional surrender— Presi-
dent Kniger's terms, 239, 241,
242; volunteer corps organized
by the Reform Committee, 234 ;
work of the Transvaal National
Union in raising and maintain-
ing a ferment at Johannesburg,
228; Kruger, President— charge
of keeping a horse saddled ready
for flight, 234 note; Krugers-
dorp engagement, 237; procla-
mation by Sir H. Robinson call-
ing upon Dr. Jameson and his
force to withdraw across the
frontier, 236; punishment of cul-
prits— Kruger's, President, pro-
posal to hand over Jameson
and his men to the British Gov-
ernment, 241; Chamberlain's,
Mr. J., gratitude, 242; objec-
tions by the commandants, 241;
penalties inflicted, 242; reform
leaders at Johannesburg— arrest
and trial for conspiracy, 242,
243; Rhodes, Colonel, sent to
Johannesburg to represent Mr.
Rhodes, 230; Rhodes 's, Mr.,
plans and intrigues, 228; strate-
gic positions on the frontier-
negotiations for extension of
Chartered Company's territory,
229
Jeppe (only printer in the South
African Republic): Steyn's de-
mand for surrender of, 72, 73
Johannesburg: Dynamite explosion
of 19th February, 1896, 244;
franchise reform. President Kru-
ger 's proposals, 270; home rule
—Mr. Chamberlain's proposal,
245 ; publication of the dispatch
in the London press before it
reached the Government of thi
South African Republic— pro
test, 245; Jameson Raid (set
that title); Jorissen, Dr., ap
pointed as special judge, 197
Kruger 's, President, Tiait h
1887, 182; Kruger 's, Preeldeni
visit in 1888, 196; insult t
President Kruger, 199; riot b€
fore house where President Km
ger was staying— flag of th
Republic hauled down, 200
Loch's, Sir H., proposed yisi
abandonment of, on Presidei
Kruger 's advice, 221; munic
pality— President Kruger 's pr(
mise of, 196, 243; origin o
182; railways (see railways)
South African League— bran<
at Johannesburg, fonnation o
266, 267; meetmg to prote
against arrests for contrave
" tion of the Pass Law— hosti
demonstration, 267; petitions
the Queen on Uitlander grie
ances, 270, 271
Jones, Policeman : Action in sho<
ing Edgar in attempting to i
rest him for murder— Mr. Cha
berlain 's misrepresentations, 2
Jooste's, Dr., letter in the Zt
Afrikaan: Annexation oppoe
only by a handful of irrea
cilables, 126; Kruger 's, Pk
dent, reply— suggestion of
pieinaoite rejected by Bnt
Government, 126
Jorissen, Dr.: Annexation of i
South African Republic, 1871
attitude as to, 126; commiss
appointed to discuss affairs w
Sir T. Shepstone, member
116; commission of delegates
Europe and America, member
122, 125; Burgers 's, Presid<
discovery of a useful servant
the state, 109; Burgers, Pr
dent, supported by, 117;
missal from state attomeyi
—President Kruger 's prot
174; Independence, War
peace negotiations of 188
Boer representative, 158; tl
proclamation drawn up at Pi
dent Kruger 's request, 3
426
lisaaBK
I
it of the
blic— pro*
Udd <aee
Dr., ap-
ige, 19f ;
Tiait in
E>re8ideitt,
insult to
; riot be-
dent Km-
g of the
WTX, 200;
Med visit,
President
; munici-
ger's pro-
origin of,
railways) ;
le— branch
mation of,
to protest
contraven-
iw— hostile
)etition8 to
ider griev-
in in shoot-
ting to ar-
•Mr. Cham-
:ations, 26S
L the Zuid
on opposed
of irrecon-
jr's, Presi-
tion of a
bj British
ktion of the
blic, 1877—
commission
affairs with
member of,
delegates to
, member of,
I, President,
I servant to
•gers, Presi-
, 117; dis-
attomeyship
r 's protest,
, "War of,
of 1881-
, 158; third
up at Presi-
quest, 160;
of lasi I J Church tinioo
fa,„: 207 '~*' ■" "'"i'"
commandant generaireiSion"^'
«l, re-election in 1884 i to
commissioners for th^ ' .'
discovery «„i *■' 8oW-flelds
ISO . V^i reception of nem.
tion ig£' ^"?°"». expedi-
capacit/^*'l54^^»J .°»Jitary
niainten^y,f*l„i;f.^ peace
ure of mission to Natal i^«
didature iiiMa ^/t""'*'-;?^''-
ture in ISM loa' c"dida-
inl8M ina! "*' ,««">didature
ot pSeet i^"?*^ deputation
Sir T n+fi-u ' Shepatone's,
^teofV«1f °°'v"<>'- *"««>:
KWer'l pL.^^P'^™® Court:
,>rS8T,3lo^'"*"^«"*<^2*^
not to M^meTe K TfT'f
-^ni.thevaUdity^^f'^feVws/rs^
INDEX
^'^ ""*''' e^editions ajtainst
(see names of chiefs) *^ ^*
^« (see native question)
i^ampen: President Kruger's visit.
Keate, Governor of Natal, n-.
iond-^eC£r!V^ £
?- paid to GrSr^r^'^C;
^eTidt^=18?r-«l-fleld- di«,ov.
^"Jnii^St/o^i'/jgl^^^on Of
Kle^ksdo^ gold-fleids,'di-.cove,y
VolksrMi74 '""" ^P"*^"«
^^tV^ktro'ri^-^S^on
question, 78 church
fori bL^. ^p"*" Massomo. Chief)
Swa^^i^L^T'"" *o Transvaal by
ChiS"?u^tfc?' otr^l^^??' of the
President, f^^'as^fS
-en, Dr., dismissed bv itT.
presidency, candidate V'tn
Kraep, Jan: Secretary to Mesar-.
s^o^^to If ^"'« °» theKS
«on to the Orange i'reo Stati,
^Kr o?"r'-. *^'"' S^drik.
latner of President Kruffer s!
Portuguese frontier deUndtation
commissioner, 1844, ig^^^tation
K^"W?^^ ^'"'=^« *° P-sident
Krugei.M'rs. (first ^e) : Death
^S of'^ias. iri. ^^«)--
the nr^jJi r' *«P"ation from
^fJovas,§?o""^«p"*-
^TeRtt^^ti^*^"*"^'-^-
\^%)'?^earo1^^Jt
Magato's Kaffirs, 155 "^ *°
^ff^S" ^''S.^n^^^-
^yencJaU.V'K?
^nt Kruger-panther-kilUng,
427
INDEX
Krugersdorp: Gold-fleld», dlscoT-
ery of, 181; JamMon Baid en-
imgement at, 237
"Kwaaie Vrouw ": Prcndent
Kroger '• reference to Queen
Victoria, 259
Language (see Dutch Language)
Lanyon, Sir O.: Kleinfontein
meeting, presence at, 138; suc-
cesrion to Sir T. Sheprtone— un-
fitted for poit, etc., 135
Leonard, Mr. Charles: Jameron
Baid— signature of Johannes-
burg letter of appeal, 231; Uit-
landers' giievances— manitpsto,
2S2
Leyds, Dr.: Envoy Extraordinary
of the South African Bepublic
in Europe, appointment, 264;
Ernger, President, brining Dr.
Ley& from Holland, 178; State
Secretary of the South African
Bepublic, election as, 189; re-
election, 264; suzerainty ques-
tion, reply of ?.6th April, 1898,
260; Swazih.iid Agreranent,
diift prorosals-Dr. Leyds 's
denial that ie had signed and
approTed draft deed, 204, 205;
western bordei disturbances;
mission of Dr. Leyds, 173
Liebenberg Vlei: Home of Kro-
ger family, 9 . , . _ ,
Lion-hunting: President Kroger s
experiences, 18, 19; camne fidel-
ity, 20; first Uon-hunt, 17; roar
produced by treading on body
of lion shoitly after death, 19
Livingstone: Arms repaired and
stored for Bechuana chief Se-
eheli, 40 „ • •
Little Free State: Permission
granted to Transvaal to annex,
204
Lobengula: Matabele disturbances
(see Matabeleland and Mashona-
land). Belations with South
Africkn Bepublic consul, re-
quest for appointment of, 190;
murder of Consul Piet Grobier
by Khama's Kaffirs, 191; treaty
placing country under protection
of South African EepubUc, 190
Loch, Sir Henry: Interview with
President Kroger at Norv^'s
Point. 200; Pretoria visit— Brit-
ish demonstration offensive to
the burghers, a20; Volksraad
resolution, 224; Bwasiland que^
tion— conference at Blignants-
pont, 203; draft proposals, 204;
Transvaal National Union— dep-
utation; correctness of Sir H.
Loch's public attitude— charge
of treachery* 221, 222; Johan-
nesburg proposed visit, abandon-
ment of, on Prerident Kroger 'e
advice, 221 ^ ., * «
Lombard, Stephanus: President of
commission aopointed to act in
Schoeman affair, 74
London Convention, 1884: Article
4— foreign relations of the Be-
public, Interpretation of— dif-
ference of opinion between Mr.
Chamberlain and the South Af-
rican Bepublic, 249; text of Ar-
ticle 4, 249 note; OhamberWn's,
Mr., invitation to President KrU'
ger to visit England to confei
on Transvaal matters — discus
sion of Article 4 of the Londot
Convention precluded, 245; Kro
jrer's. President, counter condi
Sons, 246; doc'-ng the drifts t(
goods from over the seas— viola
tion of the convention, 227 ; dep
ntation from South Africa)
Bepublic resulting in grant o
London Convention, 174 ; Engtan
willing to receive, 174; member
cl deputation, 174; negotiatioi
with Lord Derby, 175, 176; ral
way concession— foundation o
the Netherlands South Africa
Bailway Company, 177; railwa
loan, failure to raise, 177; t
ception on the Continen. on r
turo jouraey, 177, 178; Bobii
son. Sir H., President Kroger
collision with, 176; franchii
question— President Kroger
speech in the Volksraad, 37
377, 378; intervention of Gre
Britain in the internal affairs
the EepubUc (see that title
Natives, dealings of South A
rican Bepublic with— conditio
of convention, 171, 172; sigi
428
!S^ 4
INDEX
tion. 170 171 ..' ".^ conyen-
convention, 175 iTfl'. l! w,°^
^^putcn Of 27th July, 1899^
^Ken^'^""'' ^"'""t'o" of
iT-Mident Kruger at the Portu-
>^rto*Eur"'' '»»»»« on ?he
way to Europe in 1900 31 «
tentionatDelagoaBT^'lsJot
Ijom P^toi, fo^SStj;
Machem, Chief: Raids in > .
t-d„ced t; MS^b?^- -
^'ute^M^if' Diamond-fields
^nieig Waterboer and Monfaina
Pedition, action in-snbmission,
•120
O^l.^i'"".* " «"•' in Pl«c« of
Oaaibone etc., 65, 66 *^ '
Majuba Hill, bittle of i/w. —
of 1899^902-'? »;;-„' 'I*'
Majub. Hm M . *"^e«>»e for
MakaJ.2,«Af:*Srdi?£„^f;
c\Td5:nrA'Siin""br-"^^^
-tarved into"'?„*S7r,^e'K
''denrv'Srtl'^'2?«''''P««i-
3^..trJro^rc--n to
237,^8 •^'""«'°°'» "urrender,
Malan Jacob: Command of Aap-
BrLh sul5eff effortaTo^V
oapo military service, 218,%i1;
Malmanie gold field., discovery of,
Mamagali, Chief: Trial and n-n
. S3?- ""pS
1882 drafted by, 216 note
Hennaa, murder of, 42 43. «'
Kr* ^*' --^e -id'er-
eraJ^T^ A^IS*^' assistant gen-
n
INDEX
pur, BceQCuni'i murderer: Ex-
pedition Kgminit Mapoeh, 169
MaralM'B town: Expedition to re-
corer stolen eattle, commanded
l^ President Kruger, 48
MarabMtad: Chief settlement in
Zoutpanaberg district, 100
Marias^ Commandant Jan, officer
of Schoeman's party induced to
accompany President Kruger to
Pretoria, 83
Mar6: Boer representative in peace
negotiations of 1881, 158
Ifarriage: Civil marriage regarded
as natural rite by the Bpers,
18 note
Marriage of President Kruger:
First marriage in 1842 (Miss
Maria du Plessis), 12, 13; sec-
ond marriage (Miss O. 8. F. W.
dn Plessis), 14
Marseilles: Welcome of President
Kruger on arrival in 1900, 322,
323
Mashonaland: Mr. Bhodes's in-
trigues (see Matabeleland and
Mashonaland)
Massouw : Mioshette — Montsioa
irar, share in— ofFer of land to
white volunteers, 169, 170; de-
feat of opponents, 170; revolt
in 1885— success of Boer expe-
dition— Massouw is killed, etc.,
179
Matabele disturbances: Boer en-
campments, Matabele attack on,
during Great Trek, 6; protec-
tion of women and children.
South African Bepublic offer of
assistance to the British Gov-
ernment, 233; Zeerust, defeat of
Matabele by Boers, 8
Matabeleland and Mashonaland :
Cecil Bhodes 's intrigues to avert
ascendancy of South African
Republic, 190-192; annexation
of territory, 194; charter grant-
ing right to certain monopolies
and independent action, means
used to obtain, etc, 193, 194;
Chartered Company, formation
of, 194; concession obtained
from Lobengula, 193; gold,
failure to discover, 195; Irish
faction in British Parliament,
attempt to unite, 194; maasaen
of Muhonas bv Lobengula, pun-
ishment of— death of Loben-
gula, 195; Matabeleland and
Mashonaland, intrigues to avert
ascendant of South Afrieas
Republic— murder of Groblei
due to Mr. Rhodes, etc., 191;
Robinson, Sir H., treaty with
Lobengula, 193
Meyer, Lucas: Election as presi
dent of " New RepubUe," 184
Menitjes: Delegates for Schoe
man's party at the peace con
ference after Zwartkopje, 90
Methuen, Lord, Capture of, faj
De la Rey: President Kruger 'i
desire for Lord Methuen 's re
lease, 828, 829
Military service: Exemption o:
persons not in possession of ful
burgher rights on payment of i
certain sum of monmr, 220
Malapoch expedition, efforts o:
British subjects to escape mill
tary service, 218, 219, 377
Milner, Sir A.: Anti-British move
ment among the Afrikande
population, alleged, 271; ante
cratic character of, 257; goi
ernor of Cape Colony and Hig
Commissioner for South Afriei
appointment in 1897, 257; pai
tuanship, charge of, 269; polic
— ' ' The power of Af rikanderdoi
must be broken," 258; Swax
land, Bunu question- interfei
ence of Sir A. Milner, 265, 266
Uitlander grievances— confe:
ence with President Kruger t
Bloemfontein, 31st May, 1899-
unyielding attitude of Sir J
Milner, 273; intervention, nee
for— dispatch to Mr. Chambe:
lain, 272, 286
Mining committee established, li
Mining industry: Beviaarplaatte
change in method of allotmei
—Chief Justice of Supren
Court challenging validity <
Volksraad's resolutions, 254
dismissal of chief justice, 251
Kruger 's, President, defenc
356; company promoting <
valueless property— precautio
480
INDEX
dent Kmjwr'. ^S^'. •fr?«[- , on, 82 ^' P«'^«*fflr, »ie4
2«; report 25Y.»«!r**°""' 2»8,
value w o^'m A P'ogWM in-'
^nofPreaWntKruger-
<llwl]owed by oLf '^£^?^»"«»«
wcaUed, 17T. "** ®r^»«la and
ate over cSSS w' J>™teetor-
Govermnlnt &allo^. ®'^'»''
in ISrO-BritSfh nfi*'""®"''
retained uX ^"'"•TaaJ State
tion, 164- kL^^"^ CoBTen-
PerriBtenci i?3'> ^"ident,
African Be'ubTclr"; *"•*»«'
164 ^ ^""^O" Conrention,
ofOrMtBJI-' '"»'""*'a>ntT b^ i^-tl-j '. ^^^^^e aneed to
M^liii: "IPS <Si?Lr
H^ ^, la south Afnein Ksprt.
^,iack on, in I840 70'*"'"='^ » »>:■ public deDrivBH «# •*^"«an Re-
')• 8.ft.f Sou" *««. iSp^ssszte
48 1
expedition; aSf ?!'''' *^'
8ion of iS -lifW .*'°°^'»-
terference in n««P ' °' "»■
170; 8^x.r;ij?«?«^
INDEX
vVi
inm trMiting with nativei In
North ud NorthWMt by «wt
eoBTentloB, 200
NaaTt quMtlon: Ktm for Um m-
tiTM-LlTiiigstoM'a br«Mh of
Band BWer CoaTention, 89, 40;
Boar trMtnrat of natlTM-chil-
dren uptured in warfare, dia-
poMa of, 4T, 101; Great Trek of
1886-reMlatioBS, etc., 6; prin-
ciple foUowed in dealinc with
native tribee, 40; cannibjliain,
eTidencea di«iovered by Preei-
dent Kroger during expedition
to arenge Potuieter'e morder,
47; Kruiger'B, Preaident, opin-
iona on— apeaehea of 188B and
1888, 41 note, 168. Labor: IMf-
flcoitiea in dealing with Kaffir
aervaata, 14; indnatrial conunia-
aion, anggeationa and OoTem-
ment maarorea, 268, 884; PoUti-
cal natnre of queation— Presi-
dent Kroger 'a attitude towards
the natiTLB, 41 note
Native territoriea (aee their
namea)
Naturalisation laws of the South
African BepubUo. 197, 198;
Bloemfontein Conference propo-
sals, 272, 273
2federduit8eh-GerefortM«rde
Church: Union with Hervormde
Church, 207
Nelaproit, tranafer of the Oovera-
ment of the South African Be-
pnblic during the war of 1899-
1902, 814
Netherlands South African Bail-
way Company: Foundation of,
177; repayment of loan— Preai-
dent Kroger 'a announcement in
the Volkaraad, 372
♦• New BepubUc," oripn of— in-
corporation with South African
Bepublio, 184
Niekerk, O. T. van, adminiatrator
of Stellaland, 170
Nigel gold-fields, discovery of, 180
Nyhoff, secretary to President
Kroger— sleeping through Mo-
aheah'a night atteek, 90
Ohrigstad in Lydenburg district,
foundation of, 14
Orange Free BUta: AUianeea w1
the South Afrieaa Bapnb
(see aUianeea). Aananti
by Great Britain— Praaid<
Bteyn'a proelamation, 409; i
nezation by Grant Britain
South African BapnbUe, reao
tioa tar Fraa Stat* Volkaraad
favor of raiiaal, 189; bartw
territory to Bo« aBtigranta
1880, 0; Baanto War of II
(aaa that tiUe). Boundary
tween South African Bepul
and Orange Free State— Pr
dent Kroger appointed to r«i
aent South African Bepublio
deciding, 8S; Civil War with
South Afriean Bepublie (
Civil War). Conatitutioa
making aa aimiiar aa poadUc
that 0? South Afriean Beftul
— Preaident Kroger 'a anaoui
ment la the Volkaraad, 809 : O
bone expedition, ahare in, 04.
loan eoaeludad with the Sc
Afrieaa Bepublie — Freai^
Steya'a announcement, 888;
aheah'a raida— Preeident I
get 'a auceeaaful mediation,
63; Moshette- Moataioa V
volunteers from Orange 1
State for, 170; preaideney^
that title) ; Pretoriua, TA. V
claims on Orange Free 84
compromise effected with 8<
African Bepublie, 58. 89: i
tion as president, 69; viail
1860, 69; registration fees
goods imported free into
South African Bepublie,
visional agreement— Presi
Kroger 's announcement in
Volksraad, 370; Steyn, Presi
(see Steyn) ; tranafer by G
Britain to Commandant Gei
Pretoriua and the Boer
grants, 56; Volkaraad, ope
speech by Preaident Steyn,
war between Great Bri
South African Bepublie,
Orange Free State (see tin
tie); War of Indepcndenc*
W. J. Pretoriua 'a eomnuuK
37 note
Owen, C. M. (H. M. Special
482
INDEX
ii S'^^a^sr^ "■-■J""';- S'"":'^'""
PeSr**"i""' ^05 ■*■*"•* fotgietor. General Pie*, r-
ot 1836-37: p/if,®""'* Trek
-oS of %"""""• '"'^ '^■
the Goremmeiit. «w>ech .» * °»
i^ of Chamber ^M«-* °P*"*
P«dlUon of 183B .fl. "*"'■ «•
«««Up« '« rtatement that '~ wl' Matabele, pu«uft SS? i°i "' ^®'
do not. care a ii. J\t ,Z« "^f ~"«t.T MoS'i?tS*{.^'
on ^okJJ^'^&^^T'^s.I,
'ormation. 11 *" ""O »n-
chiae. " 23^. V^ '"" *»«« 'ran-
jj^Picuy in the Jameson Baid, cSS ka ,™""= Murder br
"««. 3.5, IS" ""'"»'' "0 ""S* k.ifc3"i™K*S
INDEX
Oenenl Sehalk Burger, 816;
ballot— first election under the
new law, 1897, 258; Burgen^
ThonuM Frui(ois, election of,
108; eandidstee in 1893, 209;
election of 1893— violence of
electoral etruggle, 209; Qrob-
ler, Johannes — acting presi-
dent during absence of Preto-
rius, 70; Joubert, General, candi-
datures, 167, 189, 209; Kruger,
Presidmt — acting as president
after the annexation of 1877,
122; candidature tn 1882, 167;
first candidature, 114; first
presidency, 168; expiration, 185;
fourth presidency, 1898, 263;
speech on installation, 263, 364
note; inauguration— speeches
(12th May, 1898)— Kruger 's.
President, speech, 338; re-
quested to become a candidate,
108; second presidency, 1888,
189; third presidency, 1893-
1898, 213; protest by Joubert
party, 213
Pretona: Kruger, President, de-
parture of, 816; Loch's, Sir H.,
visit; British demonstrations
offensive to the burghers, 220;
Volksraad resolution, 219; occu-
pation by Lord Boberts in June,
1900, 812; railway to Lorenzo
Marques (see Delagoa Bay Bail-
way); Swasiland Convention-
conference between President
Kruger and Sir H. Loch, 222
Pretoiia Convention of 1881: Dis-
satisfaction among bur)^eni—
convention accepted with res-
ervation, 163; Kruger '8, Presi-
dent, vain appeal to Gladiitone,
168; name " Transvaal State,"
retention of, 163, 164; ktik!-
rainty clause, opposition to, 163
Pretorius: Murder by Basutos, 95
Pretorius, Commandant Oeneral A.
W. J.: Death of, 55; Indepen-
dence, War of, command in—
election as commandant general
of Potchefstroom and Busten-
burg districts, 37 note; Mont-
sioa, Chief, expedition against,
O!, Potgieter's, Herman, mur-
der, avenging expedition com-
manded by, 42, 44; Sand Bivei
Convention, 37
Pretorius, M. W.: IHection in
1858, 66, 69; resignation of, 70,
107; Bobinson's candidature
supported by President Kruger,
108; Volksraad resolution thai
state president should hold nc
other office, 70
Pretorius, President: Annexatioi
—election as chairman of Plflt
Ueite Committee, 127, 128; ar
rest on charge of high treason
142; liberation of Pretorius b;
force- attempt prevented b;
Kruger and Pretorius, 142; re
lease on bail, 143; Civil War-
joint commission — Pretoriu
serving for Schoeman's part;
on second joint commission, 81
opposition commission, membe
of, 91; peace conference afte
Zwartkopje— delegate for Schm
man's party, 90; commandai
general of the South Africa
Bepublic, appointment as, 56
diamond-fields dispute, agre(
ment to arbitration in— Pres
dent Kruger 's disapproval, 10(
Gasibone, expedition against-
appointment of President Kn
ger as assistant general, fH
Kruger 's. President, mediatic
between Orange Free State ai
Moshesh, Pretorius sharing i
59, 60; Orange Free State;
claims to government of, 56, 5'
Boshoff's, President, armed i
sistance, 57; compromise e
fected, 58; Kruger 's, Presidei
mediation, 57 ; election of Pret
riuB as president, 69; resignati
of presidency, 88; peace, mai
tenance of, in 1879— support
President Kruger, 136; pea
negotiations of 1881, Boar re
resentative in, 158; presiden
of South African Bepublic
election in 1858, 56, 69; resigi
tion, 70, 107; in consequence
upshot of diamond-fields dispu
107, 108; president of Govei
ment of South African Bepubl
appointment as, 56; proclan
tion of the British (Jovenun*
4S4
8?uS\Srr"s?* *« the
^8 at Na"irt^Pf 17,'***'-
tnra from rw. ' ^•' ^*3; w-
Pretori„s'Jl:^«'"J»«on.of
general, m . * • " nghting
Wn,'emS'„fT5°rri' °^
bf'gexpeditionlJJjLf!"P*°'-
Ply President Kru«r 1^ ""P"
mnnition, 99 "-^K**' with am-
gate, B^^J^-^o^ernment dele-
INDEX
Qneea Victoria- "ir,„^--
dent, a-ceDtanTo^* l' ^""esi-
«g«»d to 20?! J^'"" '^^"^^
eS^ railwaS!^Pr?:« ^'^
of, 196; Dro«f« 1 ?<!«eptaDce
P«ial (i>e tariff '^'^'f^"" Pro-
mfaaioa snggestio^Tnd OoS*™-
ment meamires, 253 "o^era-
jEad,''37°2'"''*'"'*"t ^ the
Be'onn Committee '^/'^.^'"•>
trial of refTm ]eade1,"1^* t""^'
^' 1896, 243;l^;Sa«on--
435
Pretoria to demand ™rn,.-..-
for Dr. Jamalntrv P^'owMJoa
hanne«burr2?8°.° t«> *°ter Jo-
Union, 234- Hh^ National
d^is^-M"with^»
dent^Kmger-elephant huSi^,
^W«r"^' .Resident van: Civil
i-nerstroom, pronoaala 70
cial court estahlf-if^' Z®' 'P«-
^Ke^atT^rr--^-
t^unib blown Off b,e5lo'U'^
political cree\ ^'1 '\^t''
e oeing the drifts-retlliatn™^'
27^ Vs^Yr' ^-p« 5?o7on^:
meibefof 182 7„ ""•T"*'*
dreams 190. r ' '""Perialistic
attempt to S'^oJ;: ^LT^T'
of Delagoa Bay 192' „^f "*"
iitical ^reer iL' cL p^'i ^'
192; South AfricM^R^°'°»5^'
--tern front,^"°^3ti^rS;?
INDEX
ji
-5-
Mi
Rhodes 's miflsion, 171, 173;
Stellaland aad Gosheiiland— in-
corporation with Cape Colony
due to C«!l. Rhodes, 192 ; Swazi-
land qusBtton— first convention,
influence », 2©6; presence at
conference^ 203
Rhodes, CoIomI, and the Jameson
Raid: 0«^ man ani«mg the
reformers who understood his
bnainesa, 234; representative o£
Cecil Rhodea in Johannesborg,
230; sentence for conspiracy at
Johannesburg and comjiicity m
the Jameson Raid, 244; signa-
ture of Johannesburg letter of
appeal, 231
Ring presented to Mr. Krugcr by
English friend of the Boers,
Roberts, Field-Marshal E^:
Bronkhorstspruit, battle oif— Re-
vival of charge of tr«chery
against the Boe«s, 154; war of
1899-1902 (see war)
Robertse, Frans, wounded by first
shot fired in War of Indepen-
dence, 152 .
Robinson: Candidate for Presi-
dwicy supported by President
Kruger, 108 .
Robinson, Sir H. (High Commis-
sioner) : Johannesburg, disturbed
state of-offer of media^tion,
236, 239; Kmger's, Presi-
dent, esteem for, 176; London
Convention negotiations — colli-
sion with President Kmger, 176 ;
Matabele disturbances— reply to
South African RepubUc's offer
of assistance, 233; treaty with
Lobengula, 193; suzerainty ques-
tion, opinion on, 250; Swaziland,
opinion as to annexation of Swa-
zUand by South African Bepub-
Uc, 201, 202; War of Indepen-
dence, peace negotiations, royal
commission- Sir H. Robinson a
member of, 162, 163
Roets, fleld-(>ornet of Heidelberg
district— Friendly reception of
President Kruger, 82
Rooi Kaflirs of Strijdpoort: Pot-
gieter's attack on, due to false
information, 11
Rooigrond, capital of Goshenlam
171
Roos, Tielman : President Kruger
teacher, 12
Rooyen, Van: Assistance r«nder«
to President Kruger during b«
tie against Seeheli, 39
Rotterdam : President Krugpr
visit, 327
Rowlands, Colonel: Commana 1
Secucuni expedition, 132
Royal commission of 1881 (see i
dependence, war of, peace neg
tiations)
Rustenburg: President Krugei
meeting with reference to fra
ehise reform, 270
Salisbury, Marquis of, and t
War of 1899-1902: Reply
President Kruge-'s appUcati
for peace negotiations— Prt!
dent Krugcr 's comments, 31
392, 393 ; statement that the 1
publics would not be allowed
retain a shred of independen
310
Sambaanlacd : Annexation by Ei
land, protest of the Transva
224; incorporation with 1
Transvaal proposed, 203
Sand River Convention: Anne
tion of 1877, a violation of, 1'
Kruger, President, accompa
ing Pretorius; Livingston
breach of— storing and repi
ing arms for natives, 40
Scheveningen : President Kruge
visit to Mr. Wolmarans, 32:
Sehoeman, Commandant Genei
Agreement to assist Presid
BoshofF, 57; Mapela expedil
of 1858, command of, 48; '
lation of the constitution of
South African Republic <
Civil War)
Sehoeman, Ilarthinus: Escort
President Kruger on his misi
to Moshesh, 60
Schoemansdaal, \-illage of, al
doned owing to Kaffir atta
99
Soholtz, Chief Comma- jant: C
raand in Seeheli expedition
4S6
oshenland,
i Kruger 'a
B rsndered
iuriag b«t-
Krugpr '8
nmand of
132
81 (.aee in-
leace nego-
; Kruger 'b
:e to fran-
, and the
Reply to
application
ons— Presi-
aents, 383,
hat the Ee-
allowed to
iependence,
Ion by Eng-
Transvaal,
with the
203
II : Annexa-
ion of, 119 ;
accompany-
ivingstone 's
and repair-
40
at Kruger 's
rans, 328
it General :
t President
I expedition
of, 48; vio-
ution of the
ipublic (aee
: Escorting
I his mission
e of, aban-
iflfir attacks.
INDEX
Schoonkloof Farm . i> -^ ot 8waiii»„J' ^^^^^^ to King
^ pr'sacefdlntrs/'^^'^^^^Kru. Hhepsto^r^r'' Sh *,"' "*' ^"^
Schutte, Commandant- Prn-r*. ««"«on of the M""; ^''-
the^n^^rr:J«^<^?^
ag^'^^MonEr-„SS---
^J«made Kruger tromTtl^^,^]
«er, President, Denntir <-
.nandant--.^,'j„^E C.m
"l^^ioir^^ (- ^:/ncte
Seeucuni, Chief: British claim to
the an;^^trnq"*;s?Sn "'*'''
?tatement as to V^.^' """
i'J Pretoria durhig £ ^'^
»ar-tax dispute li^ 8e«icuni
petition agSt IV "^^ *»
attack on K« ^«*t»on-
.Toubert lao^T.^- ^^™«" and
-request tS'^ilC'"^"'^
forlssistance, lir'^'"* ^'"f''
240 "v subjection of. 229 ® -/ameson Raid
n«. D * pretext for, II4
refusal to command l]n^"'
o^me^ie^d bTfed^ir^'i--
posal to renew hostilitien tko
services i i, I55. Lr„j^' ^°^'"
levied br ftildeM'B^V. {S » ~r'»»*'««" m' '^«"'«
Poiutment 264 ^*P''^H ap-
Shaw, Misa Flora- T.7., .■ f'^' keeping back f!L *™"'«°t
plosion of rifle, 31 ^ ^^"
*«7
INDEX
n
V';-
ledge of the Jameson B«id, 229,
247 248
South' African League: FranchMe
question— alleged insufficiency of
reforms, further demands, 284;
Johannesburg branch — forma-
tion of, 266, 267; meeting to
protest against arrests for con-
travention of the Pass Law-
hostile demonstration, 267; peti-
tions to the Queen on Uitlander
grievances, 270, 271
Spain, King of: Reception of
Boer delegates in 1884, 177
Speeches by President Kroger in
the Volksraad ri2th May, 1898).
338 (1st May, 1899), 368; (2d
October, 189»), 376, 379: (7th
May, 1900), 385— explanatory
speech, 391
Speeches delivered at the inaugu-
ration of President Kruger as
State President (12th May,
1898), 333
Standard Bank: Refusal to ad-
vance money to the South Afri-
can Republic in 1885, 179
State Attorney of the South Afri-
can Republic: Jorissen, Dr., dis-
missal of, 174 ; Smuts, Mr. J. C,
appointment of, 264 ; State Presi-
dent of the South African Re-
public (see presidency)
State SecrHtary of the South Afri-
can Republic: Fischer, Abraham,
elei'tion of— refusal of appoiat-
j?icrit, 2o4; Leyds, Dr., electisn
of, IS9; re-election, 264; Rei*z,
Mr. V. W., election of, 264
Stellalard and Goshenland: Diffi-
cult' :« (see western frontier
question); foundation of, 170;
incorporation with Cape Colony
due to Mr. Rhodes, 192
Steyn, Douw, of Bulhoek Farm,
grandfather of President Kro-
ger, 3
Steyn, Elisa, mother of President
Kruger, 3
Steyn, Johannes: Commandant gen-
eral, appointment by Command-
ant General Schoeman, 71;
Jeppe, demand for surrender of,
72, 73
Steyn, President: Annexation of
tke Orange Free State by On
Britain— Prendent Steyn 's pre
lamation, 409; character skete
250; election as president, 251
speech at annual session of t
Volksraad of the Oranf^ Fr
State (2d April, 1900), 38
war between the South Africi
Republics and Great Britain
Orange Free State, attitude
—correspondence with Sir
Milner, 293-303; speech in t
Volksraad— Orange Free Sti
ranging herself on the side
the sister Repablic, announ
ment ('^d .\pril. 1900), 381
Strijdom, Mrs.: Mr. Kroge;
.i.'uusing experience with, 84
Strijdpoort in Waterberg distri
Potgieter's attack on— Ri
Kaffirs mistaken for Mos<
katse's men, 10
Supreme Court: Chief Just
Kotz6 disputing the validity
resolutions of the Volksra
254; dismissal of the Chief J
tice, 257; Kroger 's. Preside
defence, 356, 357
Suzerainty question: Abolition
the suzerainty by the convent
of 1884— South African Rep
lie contention, 250; Derb;
Lord, dispatch, 250; Leyd
Dr., reply of 16th April, IS
250; Robinson, Sir H., opin
of. 250; Chamberlain's, Mr.
contention that the couventioi
1881 h«*d good, 250, 251, 2
Chief Jaatice, dismissal of,
peal to feae English suzeraint
Mr. Kiu g u 's defence of the
iBJasal of tne chief jiMtice, 3
condition iiad down in altei
tive propoaal to Mr. Cham
Iain's joint commission prop
on the franchise question, I
283; Ghamdcrlain. Mr., dispi
of 30th August, 1897, and
Reitz's reply, 285. 286; i
pendence of South African
public endangered by Bri
claim— Mr. Reitz's letter of
September, 1899, 289; Kmgi
President, statement m
Volksraad uncnntradietwi
4S8
INDEX
e by
•yn'B pn»-
!t«r sketehr
ident, 258;
linn of tha
■anf^ Frefl
WO), 381;
th African
Britain-
attitude of
th Sir A.
«eh in the
Pree State
;he side of
anaounce-
)), 381
Kruger'a
rith, 84
(rg district,
on— Booi
or Moseli-
ef Justice
validity of
Volkaraad,
) Chief Jua-
, President,
Abolition of
i convention
ican Bepub-
i; Derby's,
); Leyds's,
April, 1898,
H., opinion
Ji's, Mr. J.,
onvention of
), 251, 279;
isaal of, ap-
snzerainty —
* of the dis-
justice, 357;
i in altema-
X. Chamber-
ioa proposal
iiestion, 282.
\It., dispatch
97, and Mr.
286 ; inde-
iVfrican Re-
by British
etter of 15tL
9; Kragor's,
snr is the
radte^i by
l*nd by South African KenuSS
^?f^, 201, 202; S^^s'
^dent, efforts ii fa^of ol'
203; opposition in England 202-
^fusaT^'o"'" "^ulbalS ani
Wusal to appear before the Su-
preme Court at Bremersdoro
265; armed furce sent into'
propowd, 226; Cape raUwava r«.
duction of tariff !>9«.i^
ChH- i'^Port policy' 2T
Chamberlain's. Mr „ih„„1 '
PRu itPr f """" 'O '^ululand «„ **^ V . "'" ^"^ *^ape fron-
268; Milner's, Sir A., interfpr t ®' *° Johannesburir. 226
;;^. 265, 266; punitivrmeL.' T^'^s (President^' Xuger's
ures-agreement between t^e fl^^'Vn ^^^^ »'» d«e tot^Lf
Goveniment of the Republic t.*'*? ^^' ^«*'"'» k 27 *"
«^d Sir A. Milner, 26?^267 ^H^r""' ^- (brother-in-law).
fe«r«°li*^* I83 205 Ion'. Pr«&^"«'««'» «»»ared S
2r^^ ^^^S" President Kru- ^f 't^".* ^«er-buffalo hunt-
bL^-1 S^f- .^^^ ''t Coles- ™?t„™ \/'"°.*?*"°« h,mt ad-
0^2^^^^'^ ^22; terms tTK™V:,"'f-'^'''°?.«'^i««tered
99k 31 ^^^' convention of 1894 Tm> T"f*.' **"" recklessness, 23
224; clause deciding cases within .\l' .4»dnes du: Special court
the competence of the Supreme t ^r*^4°° ^ '^^^ of, 82 ^
co'TJntxoflr "*' -•^^' ^t o'wS'h"!,= Commissioner
convention, 205; government of i7i ^™ border, appointment
Swaziland hu.A^A^ 171; education, tenure of Xa
ftwo -7 — ■"»,*'""» government of
Swaziland handed over to eom-
nuttee of Boers and EnglZ-
rZ'est'l^r ^i .^-b-S's
202 T„fi- * ^"*^ adviser,
draft ^J^^*^ agreement-'
ove?-^re"r ^,^"^"« ^ed
w^«™^r l?""**^ territory on
w«rtem border, 172 „of«; Zris-
sen s, Dr., dismissal from statB
attorneyship-share in, lU-
l.ondon Convention deputation
member of, J 74 "eP«ration,
African Bepublic by Bwal Com tortoise-" You must ei- th«
tTif i^' 201^t?aS:; irrf. ^^e to put^'o" ts
to South African Bepublic- i!!? ,^ Significance of Presi-
Swazi opposition, deputation to t !"* ^"ger's phrase, -^22^3
Engtand, 223; Wintorlrp ^rade and commerce: IncreaWlf
interview ^.. . . . P. "^^f -t ICrugor '3 anno^^
ir,*ZZ- — ' ". ' "'mion. Sir F.
^terview with GeneralJoubert,
ST^ing the Vaal in flood, in
ST^ to visit his betrothed:
J^dent Kmger's daring, ii
^^12 TovIfnS !'- ^--
m«»* • — !. "^"'^ ^ annonnee-
ment m the Volksraad, 37r^
l^rnger's, President, fea« f„
independent trade-^refS to
allow opening „f railw^^con"
otheiTn ^i^*^ Johann^bZ
other than Delagoa Bay EaiJ
"vai'GoveTnZn? ZZj'^^r J^^'^'^"' ^^^ "' "^ *'"
fq^division of railwaTproS?s ^''^aa^ ^^ational Union: Forma-
^tw;een Cape Colony, Nit^ Tnd ^2 % "K J^J^annesbu^g™^
the Transvaal, 226; Cape Gov- l^'J^^' Johannesbnrff. dis-
ermnent objections; alt^Uve 'r^^rl.T^ ''i ''•'* "^ the
retormers (see Jameson Raid)-
4^
INDEX
Loeh, Sir H., and the Union-
deputation— conectnen of Sir
H. Loch's public attitude-
charges of treachery, 221; Jo-
hanneaburg, proposed visit,
abandonment of, on President
Kruger'8 advice, 221; name, al-
teration of, to reform comnut-
tee, 234; nature and aims of,
218; punishment of leaders— in-
terpretation of President Kru-
ger's phrase, "Yon must give
the tortoise time to put out its
head," 232, 233; Uitlanders'
grievances— manifesto, 232. (See
also reform committee)
Transvaal State: President Kru-
ger's refusal to use name— res-
toration of name South African
BepubUc, 164
Trek of 1835: Black servants re-
maining in the Colony, 5; causes
Triumvirate of 1880: Kruger,
President, a member of, 151;
proclamation drawn up by, 151;
printing at Potchefstroom, 152
Uitlanders: Bynamite explosion
at Johannesburg, Uitlanders '
sympathy with the victims, 244;
education of —erection of schools
at the cost of the state, 217
note; grievances of the Uitland-
ers — Bloemf ontein conference
(see that title) ; British Govern-
ment promises to Uitlanders—
employment of force to secure
demands made by Sir A. Milner,
281; Executive Baad empowered
to deal with, 197; franchise
question (see that title) ; inter-
vention of Great Britain (seo
that title); Kruger 's, President,
attitude towards grievance com-
plaints, 183; mining grievances,
appointment of the Industrial
Commission, 252; Government
measures for carrying out sug-
gestions, 253, 254; report, 253;
negotiations— compliant attitude
of the South African Bepublic
and unyielding attitude of Sir
A. Milner, 269, 272, 275; petl-
tions— committee to inquire into
genuineness of petitions— Presi- ^
dent Kruger 's offer, 274; Queen
Victoria, petitions to, drawn up
by South African League— first
petition— Mr. Fraser's refusal
to receive petition— Mr. Cham-
berlain's censure, 270, 271; sec-
ond petition— spurious signa-
tures, 271; South African Re-
public-petition from Uitlanders
to the Government declaring
Hatisfactioa with administra-
tion of country, 272; false sig-
natures. Sir A. Milner 's allega-
tion, 274; taxation grievance-
reduction of taxation, 183;
" thieves and mnrd«ers "—
misconception of Pre«dant Kru-
ger 's speech at commemoration
of declaration of independence
at Paarde Kraal, 201; Trans-
vaal National Union manifesto,
232; Kruger 's, Prwident, ad-
dress on election as president
(12th May, 1898), 349, 350; re-
form committee (see titlea
Transvaal National Union and
reform committee)
Uitlanders Council and the fran-
chise question: Dissatisfaction
with the law a;" 1899, 279; in-
adequacy of .^'orm5— further
demands, 2S4
Ulundi, Britis'. -'.etory at, 134
Umbandine, Swazi king: Bequest
to British Government for an
adviser, 202 .
Umbigesaland : Annexation bj
England, protest by the Trans^
vaal, 224; incorporation witl
South African Bepublic pro
posed, 203
Union of South African Eepubli<
and the Orange Free State:
President M. W. Preterms 'i
aim, 69, 70
United States of America: Jimm:
Smith 's arrival at Pretoria witl
school children's address t<
President Kruger, 311
Usibepu, Zulu chief: Defeat b;
Dinizulu, 184
Utrecht, HoUand, Pr««dent Kru
ger at, 327, 328
Utrecht and Wakkerstroom die
440
-i^
INDEX
«Sj-=j5,B'iti,h desire to keep
tion — Chief Juati <'°°^en-
Vice-president of the South Af v '"l"" •'«"™«/98 ""
^BepubUc, election of Mn "^^S^^- ^ = ^^^ol^t'on to take
^Xt^t Te"""""" °' ^^- 12f ''*"'^'^ »° *»>« annexation:
S:%9 ^'«»<^«"t Kruger-« '^'^''"••* "^^t'^t, formation of,' isi
"^feoi^pt^e^-rp^nt oj ^'s;r;:?.^„fit?t: ^
Free State. ISflo.'ionr _°'*"««
attaclL 8"
venter, Commandant Pi«f. i>
representative in traiVer „%'
t^Xif "5fl«*"*« f -"British'
expe^lion LS ?L°*^««°* '»
Ventw, Koo8-^^V^**^"«' ^
to ^ht^VenSj-^Ei;*^?
PoI=t^oo^^ir%-ort a,
man party in the Civu'wa/'al
herence to, 78 ' ***"
Village .po;|a?ron^-^^ei^ "et
^«? 'f= ^^t'Wons in ffvor of
annexation, 113, 114 "^""^ "^
twir ,n the Boer army: Promo
tlOn to ffCDPrnJ „* i.i/- ^ ° . "
tion To .e-neraTol^^e- 1^. ««P«^"e by^SS^^S^
Legion, 309 ^"e foreign counter proclamation SuXl
oieyn a proclamation 400. »„
"elation of the South Tfrica"'
Republic by Great BdtaJn-
counter Droclnmof i„» ,,> "^^^
of r.^ ^ . '^^ (C"»e^ Justice
i°n thV^- ^°'f °^> •• Intervention
441
Publi. jaTlikeTeVraS ^
ter the Jameson fiaid, 247 248 •
ScV'- ^""^"^ AfrTcI'n'S'.
fion Af r";^" ,I^^g'on-proC
MareuU ino """^ t^ Villebois-
inareuii, 309; number of South
FrelX^P"''^ and oSngS
-Pre?fde^*T''**"°*'' ^^0,000)
INDEX
aratioui — annaments, increase
in, after the Jameaon Baid, 247,
248; borghen, eoneentratioii of,
on borders of Natal, 292; Mil
ner'B, Sir A-, correspondence
irtth Preaideal Bteyn, 2§7; Brit-
ish preparations — mobilization
of army corps, 292, 802; proc-
laniatlon calling out reserves,
308 i reinforcements, withdrawal
of— ultimatum of 9th October,
1899, 305, 306; troops con-
oentTating on frontiers of the
the Bepublics — explanation re-
quested, 292; Steyn's, President,
eorrespondence with Sir A. Mil-
ner, 292-303; ultimatum of 9th
October, 1899, 304, 305; with-
drawal of troops condition prece-
dent to further negotiations,
800; British war office, intelli-
genee department preliminary
teport — iMue of "Military
Notes, ' ' 277 ; causes of the war
— annexation of 1877, 119, 180;
English press hostility to the
Bepublic, 269, 298; franchise
pretext, 269; gold-fields discov-
ery, 120, 180; military prepara-
tions of Great Britain, 299; cir-
cular dispatch from President
Kniger to the commandant gen-
eral and officers in the field
(20th June, 1900), 399; (14th
July), 405; conduct of the war
— barbaiism of the English-
President Kruger's speech at
Marseilles, 322; French press
expose of English methods-
President Kruger's thanks, 324,
325. (See also subheadings Bed
Cross and white flag treachery.)
Dahnanutha— British attack on
Botha's positions, 314; declara-
tion of war (11th October,
1899), 306; expenses of the
war— position of the South Af-
rican Bepublic treasury, 389;
Glencoe — President Kruger 's
exhortation to the burghers,
308; government of the South
African BepuWic, transfer from
Pretoria — Machadodorp, 312 ;
Nelspruit, 314; intervention of
foreign powers— deputation to '
Europe — Kruger 's. President,
speech in the Volksraad (7th
May, 1900), 887, 388; Steyn's,
President, speech in the Volks-
raad (2d April, 1900), 888;
Kruger, President — delegation
to Europe— proclamation by the
Executive Raad, 316; depai uie
from Pretoria— parting from
wife, 310; life at Water al On-
der, 313; speeches in tht Volks-
raad (7th May, 1900), 385, 391;
unshaken confidence in God and
resignation to His will, 329;
work of advising and encourag-
ing the burghers, 307; medical
aid for the Boers from European
countries, etc.— President Kru-
ger's gratitude, 389, members
of the legislative and executive
bodies called to the field, num-
ber who had faUen, etc.— Presi-
dent Kruger's speech in the
Volksraad (7th May, 1800), 385>
386, 397; Methuen, tord, cap.
ture of President Kruger's de-
sire that Lord Methuen should
be released, 328, 329; Modder
Biver— De la Bey holding Gen-
eral French in check, 308; oath
of neutrality— Lord Roberts *»
tempting proclamations and
President Kruger's warning,
312 ; Orange Free State, attitntto
of— Kruger's, President, speech
in the Volksraad (7th May,
1900), 386, 387; Steyn, Presi-
dent-announcement (2d April,
1900), 380; correspondence with
Sir A. Milner, 292-303; Volks-
raad resolution (27th September,
1899), 294; peace negotiations
—Kruger's, President, trust in
God, 329, 330; South African
Republic and Orange Free State
proposals for negotiations on
basis of both Bepublics being
recognized as sovereign interna-
tional states, 309, 310; Kru-
ger's, President, speech in the
Volksraad (7th May, 1900), 387,
388, 892, a»3; Salisbury's, Lord,
and Mr. Chamberlain's reply—
§M
in the ^Ifa'raS^ as*?*' 5^
INDEX
•« i^e.,dent Kr„„„ .. ... TiU^nSbr «? Cp^ventio?, 17J
recced 177 173.",^^/"'*!'' '^^
era withdrawmu' fm™, oat «jRr
of^^r "^""quest and
W-5^o *«** republics, 277 ""
™«i«. Boer methoi. suDerior-
home as an iiidei«n^-.r^^/ "
election- President Kruirer'a L.
nouncement in the vfSsraS"
^d *J*7T""i?*""*"^ >" the vX
of Bo«- commnidtT 12 ™°" Wolseley, Lord: AnnBT«n„- m
^« „ "' '^^' transfer of
the government from Pretoril,
Weweh, C. H.: War of 1899.1909
wterreation of for«i j^ L„?i'
fwocabte nature of. 140- aj^
"•r o( ISSS-lW-plS; t"!
rope, 309
"«, J/d, trontier ifaced by the
44S
gaged, questions as tT iflo .'
ge^ negotiations of 1881 159!
Bnt»h representative, iS'' S
pr 8, President, difficultv in nh.
taaning Sir e/ ^"^,? ^^^Ji
t«^e to provMional protwol.
XNDEX
IflO; Rofd ConmiMioii, W»,B.
Wood a uMinlMr of, 162, 108
ZMraat, Bo«r Tietory owr" Mata-
belo, 8
Zontpanaberg diatriet: Kragar'i,
Prwident, eapadition againat
rebel Kafflra in 1867, »»;&«•
ger'e, Prealdent, Tlrit in 1868-
reoeption by Kaffir chiefa, cen-
tna of Kaffln, etc., 101, 102
Zuid Afrihaan: PnbUcation of
Dr. Jooflte'i letter on the nature
of the oppoaition to annexa-
tion, 126; Kruger'a, Preaident,
repb-niggaation of a pIAiaeiti
rejeeted bjr Britiah Oovemmeat,
126
Zulu war of 1879: British olaln
to Cetewayo'e territory, 188 1
Cetewayo, capture of— nmuwi
of Britiah treachery, 184:
Ihib'^1'««"S Britiah defeat at
184; Kruger'a, Preaident, offe
to Bir BTTrere, 188; Kruger'i
Preaident, refuaal to aaaiat th
Britiah, 184; Ulundi, Britial
victory at, 184
Zwartkopje, battle of, 89
444
IP
11
8450
I
4
plibiseUt
r«niiDfat,
Isb daim
rj, 188;
I— nunon
r, iw;
efest at,
ent, offer
Kruger'i,
uiist the
. British