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Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, seion Ie cas: Ie symbole -^ signifie "A SUiVRE". Ie symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre fiimAs A des taux de rAduction diff Arents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est fiimA A partir de I'angle supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en has. en prenant Ie nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. rata telure, I A J 32X 1 I 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 A N AUTHENTICK ACCOUNT O F T H E Meafures and Precautions <>■'<* USED AT ^ E N I C E, B Y T H E Magistrate of the Office of Health, F O R T H E . PRESERVATION of the Publick Health, / |l>IM M I^fc H * ikt^^^^^^m^ LONDON: ft-inted by Et>wARE> Owen in Warwick Lane. 1752. ^- r '*- <;>v /• of [3] AN AUTHENTICK ACCOUNT O F The Measures and Precautions ufed at VENICE, by the Magistrate of the Office of Health, for the Preservation of the PuBLicK Health. * T is now the Third Century fince the follow- ing Regulation took its Riie. The Office of Health is furniflied with fuch ample Power and Authority,, as makes it at once ufeful and refpedtable ; It is admini- flered by the Subjeds of the Republick moil eminent for their Prudence, Dignity and Talents; it is furnished with Abun- dance of Officers, a few of whom are employed in the Diftri- butioQ of Orders^ and the reft in their Execution. In de- fcribing [4] t'cfcribing occafionally thefe different Branches, much Light will be let in upon the Subjed. Experience has (hewn, that in the Ottoman Dominions the Plague is never utterly extindt : Hence it .«s an immutable Law with the Magiftrate of the Office of Health, to conlider the whole Extent of the Ottoman Dominions, and every State dependent on it, as always to be fufpedled to be in an infeded Condition, to fuch a Degree, as not to receive, in any Part of the Dominions of the Republick, either confining to or commercing with them, any Pcrfons, Merchandizes, Animals, or any other Thing coming from thence, without the neceflary Infpedion of the Office of Health, and the previous Purifi- cations. To explain myfelf, I will fuppofe that a fufpedled Ship, coming from fome Scale of the Levant, prefents itfelf at the Mouth of thefe Ports, and, by defcribing the Condudt that is obferved towards it, I fhall fliew the Rules that are pradifed \v\i\\ regard to every VefTel, coming from any Part of the World, that is cither infeded, or fufpeded to be lb. No Vcllll can enter thefe Ports, unlefs it touches at I/iria^ r;nd takes a Pilot on Board, or unlefs, on approaching to the Ports, it wait for the Towers of the Admiral to tow it up. Thefe Officers do not immediately depend upon the MagifVrate, i>'jt are obliged, however, not to negled any of his Rules, uor to mix with any Veilel, even free or cleared, unlefs by the Maglllrate's Leave ; to make ufe of tarred Cables, or Cables ^>i in the towing VefTels in, in order to avoid all Conuimnicatlon, and to diredl the Captain of every fufpedled Vefiel ■.j:,-,-V!TW [s] VefTel to hoift up on the Mizen Maft a particular Signal ; fo that, by Means of the Spies, who are continually on the High Tower of St. Mark to difcover any VelTels that approach, fuch Veflel is immediately known to be a Veflel fubjed to perform Quarantine. As foon as the Veflel is difcovered, the Magiftrate has Notice, and all the Officers belonging to him ; the Chief of whom inftantly difpatches the Guardian (whofe Turn it is) to meet it and go on Board, and guard it during the Term of Qua- rantine. The Magiftrate has Sixty of thefe Guardians in his Service, whofe Duty it is, by Turns, either to go a-board any Ship, or to the LazarettoSf to fuperintend the Purification of Mer- chandizes, or the proper Quarantine of Perfons. Their Duty, in general, is to fee that all the Rules are obferved concerning the Precautions and Purifications ; Their Office is dangerous and delicate to the laft Degree j they have a particular daily Ap- pointment, which they have alfo from thofe concerned in the Ship or Cargo, befides their daily Provifions ; and they anfwer with their Life any Contravention to the Rules that they fhould fufFer to take Place, or dare to have any Hand in. The Guardian then being difpatched to meet the Ship, he either meets her and goes a-board her out at Sea with the Ad- miral's own Boat, when there is any Doubt that it may be come from infe . The firfl: of thefe to be examined on the Spot, are the Pa- tents or Bills of Health, in order to compare with them the Fads delivered in the Examination, and particularly the Num- ber of Perfons who are on Board the Veflcl. This is looked upon to be fo eflentially requifite, and of fuch Confequence, that if any Veflei fliould arrive without it, though it (hould be come from a Place abfolutely free, and even in the Neigh- bourhood, it would either not be admitted at all, or not have any Communication granted it, unlefs after a moil rigorous Quarantine. If by chance the Patents fliould be defedive, and (hould denote a greater or lefs Number of Perfons than are taken down in the Examination, the Captain muft prove, in the cleareft Manner, either the Flight or Death, and particularly the Condition of that Perfon who is wanting ; and in the fame Manner he is to produce particular Patents ; and with Evi- dence upon Examination, and by other Proofs of the fame Na- ture, he is to make it appear from what Place he took up the Perfon who happens to be one more than the Number fet forth jn the iiiid Patents ; fmce, in the firft Cafe, there may remain a Doubt, - ? M - jm yP ' [9] a Doubt, that the Deficiency may have been owing to Dcatli by Infedtion, or to Flight to Parts not named ; and in the le- cond Cale, it is to be confidered, that it is pofl'ible, that the Perfon, exceeding the Number mentioned in the Patent, mry have been received from fome fufpeded Veflel, or from fomc in- fcdcd Place. ■l^^, 'A .1 Befides thefc Patents, the Captain is alfo to give a diftindt Account of all his Cargo, both of its Quality and Quantity ; which is called giving a Manifeft j from whence is dilcovered, whether any of the Merchandizes may have been brought from fufpedted Countries j in which Cafe the Captain mull prove, that in that Place they had undergone the necelTary Pu- rification, By Means of the Manifeft, Lights alfo are gathered as to what Kind of Quarantine may be proper for infedtious Ladings of different Kinds, and Orders given for taking out iuch as are of a Nature not to give Sulpicion. 'Tis here proper to obferve, that this Order for Examining and Compaiing is executed on every VefTel arriving in thefe Parts, they being all treated upon the Foot of Sufpicion, ftho' they be not fo) until that by the Concert produced by the aforefaid Enquiries, a Certainty is obtained of their Condition : Nor can they before that have any Communication at all ; and as the very EfTence of this momentous Concern depends upon Integrity and Fidelity, every Captain is guilty of High Treafon for any Prevarication in his Depofitions upon Examination, or any Falfiiication of his fiduciary Papers ; this Point being watch- ed with the utmofl Attention and Care. Thefe [ ,0] Thcfe Refearches being over, if the Veflel really comes from a Place tbat is free, it is declared free j if from a fufpefted one, the Captain is reconduded on Board his Ship with the fame Precautions ufed on his being brought afhpre. And as the Guardian is already on Board it,, he begins now to exercife his Fundions } ly?, He forms a diftin(5t Lift of the Number, Names and Sirnames of all the Perfons on Board ; 2dlyj Another Lift oi all the Things belonging to each Perfbn, diftinguifhing thofe which are Amply for their Ufe from fuch as may be traded with j it being lawful to keep the firft in the Ship, when any Peribn performs his Quarantine aboard with the Crew j but they muft be expofed to Air, and every Day handled ; the lame not being allowed to Merchandize, which muft all be purified at the Lazarettos, Both thefe Rolls or Lifts are fent to the Magiftrate ; and, the Captain's Aflertions on his Examination being entirely proved. Order is given for unlading the Ship, and for tranfporting the Goods to the La^ zaretto'y it never being allowed, either that any Goods remain in the Ship for Purification^ or that the Time of Quarantine for the Ship fliould begin till the Unlading is finhhed. However, the Magiftrate being defirous not to embarrafs Commerce more than the Publick Safety requires; thofe Goods are diftinguiflied, which are fufceptible of Infedion, from thofe which are not : Some of them are allowed to be taken from on Board the Ship without pafllng through any Purifications, with the Afliftance however of the Fante without, as well as of the Guardian within j left, under Pretence of Things being uninfedled, any Thing fliould be deUvered out that requires Purification : Some other Things may alfo be taken away, but not I Hi -■ti [ " ] not from the Ship, but from the Lazarettos ; the firft Indul- dence is granted to thofe Things which are not liable to In- fedion ; the fecond, to others that being free themfelves arc wrapp'd in Covers that are not fo j as thefe Covers muft be carefully taken off by Perfons fufpecfled, and are to be on the Footing of other fufpedled Things. Every Thing elfe, which may give Sufpicion, mufl be puri- fied according to the Rules of the Lazarettos, Precautions are ufed in changing Things from one Veflel to another, and in tranfporting them ; for which Reafon this be- ing only to be done by Boats deftined for that Ufe, called Peate, they cannot go to the Ship's Side without Leave, and that is not given till the Information nforefaid is obtained j and when they are come to the Side of the Ship, no one meddles with the Cargo but the Ship's Crew, the Fante being always prefent out of the Ship,, and the Guardian within, who takes an exadt Note of all that is laden on them, to be tranfmitted to the Magiftrate. In their Way to the Lazaretto^ the Fante efcorts them with the due Cautions, accompanied by the Clerk of the Ship, or fome other of the Perfons concerned, and configns them to the Prior of the Lazaretto, who makes the Bajiazi anfwerable for them, who are appointed to have the Handling of them, a«d the Guardian, who is to fuperintend it, and fends ihe Magiftrate a diftind Lilt of every Thing which is received, for a fuller Check. lUt ot Bajiazi is the Name given to thofe, who open the Bales of Merchandize, and handle them, ,'nd keep amongft them all the Time picfcribed for Quarantine. They are chofen by the Merchants mmmm C '2 ] Merchants concerned, that they may be fecure of their Regu- larity. But the Magiflrate requires they fhould be knowing Perfons, and there is a Guardian appointed them, to take Care that the Purifications are exad, and that Interefl does not oc- cafion any Breach of the Rules. They have their Neceffaries and daily Pay from the Merchants, and they are the Perfons who are moil diligently examined, for from the EfFedls which are difcovered on them, may be known what there is to fear : 'Tis not however in the Breafl of the Merchants to appoint a greater or lefs Number of thefe j but the Laws have provided, that each Bajiazo is to ferve for fo many Bales as he can ma- nage carefully in a Day. . . The Tranfporting Goods to the Lazarettt has been men- tioned, the fame is to be under flood of Perfons, who are there with their Things to perform the Quarantine, and prove their be- ing in Health under the Care of another Guardian ; it being fel- doni allowed (and that only to fome poor Wretch) to perform Quarantine in the Ship, for Fear the Things worn or wearable fliould not be fufficiently purified. 'Tis to be obferved, that every VefTel having on Board Goods and PafTengers, mufl have three Guardians -, one for the Ship, one for the Goods, and one for the PafTengers, together with the Help of fo many other Officers as may feem a heavy Expence : But if it be confidered that this is borne by the Goods, and that they are fold in the Country, it will appear how much Care is taken of the Pub- lick Safety, which is preferred to every other Confideration. But all thefe Precautions are to be compleated in the La^ zarettosy fo called from the original Intention of them for the Recovery of Perfons fick of the Plague, but worthy now a better better Name, as they are the Dcpofus of the Publick S.ifctv, which therein cxerciies its Precautions. Tiiefc are ot a double Ufe ; for the Purification of Perfuns ami Merchandise, fe- paratcly, in Times of Health ; and for tfic ilecovcry ol" fick infeded Perfons, and the Purification of dangerous Houfthold Furniture, in Times of tlie Plague j to which Ufc arc ahb converted other Infular Phices which are icattercd among the Marfhes round us. The firft Thing to be confidered in thefe Lazarettos is their Situation. They (liould not be fo near the Town as to caufe any Danger, nor fo far diftant as not to be under the Eye of the Magiftrate, and within Reach of all proper Provifion and AfTiftance. -Wi" There are two Lazarettos at Vejtice, the Old and the New ; the firft diftant two Miles and more, the other a little above Three from the City. Each forma a fcparuce Ifland, which has nothing contiguous to it, and cut off from all Communication. Each takes up a large Space of Ground, fliut in all round by Buildings waftied by the Waters, which ferve for a Wal! and Guard : They have no Openings outward for any Thinf^ to go out at, for every Thing muft go out at the fame Gate at which it entred. The Length of the Ground the firft ftands on is one hundred and five Geometrical Paces of five Feet each • the Breadth eighty-five .; the whole Circumference three hun- dred and eighty. The fecond is fomewhat larger, viz. one liundred and twelve long, ninety-two broad, and four hundred and fourteen in Circumference. The Strudure of each is re- markable for its Capacioufnefs, but much more io for the Con- trivances of Convenience and Security. At the Entrance is the ^ Prior's prior's Houfe, which is alwviys free, disjoined from every Place belonging to the Quarantine, but io contrived, as to command the greater Part of them. All the reft of the Ground is taken up, eiihcr by Cuildings to lodge Paffengers, or in large Courts all lurroLindcd with open Sheds, under which the Merchandizes are expolld to the Air, and preferved from the Weather ; or elfe with great Sheds all round walled in, but with Holes in the Top to let in the Air j which ferve for the fame Ufe. What is moft to be admired in the Contrivance of them is, that they are divided and fubdivided into many Offices for Quarantines, and of different Kinds, in fuch a Manner, that eacK has its peculiar Ingrefs, without giving or receiving any Inconvenience from the other, in order to prevent the Danger of any Com- munications ; in which the very EiTence of the Regulations confifts. As to the Places deftined for the Reception of Per- fons ; in the firft Place, they are feparated from every other, which ferves for the Purification of Goods ; and with great Reafon i for if the Proprietor had Leave to vifit his Cargo, whilft under Purification, his Coming might put a Conftraint upon or interrupt the Courfe of Management, through his Con- «ern for preventing any Injury to the Merchandize. 2<^/k, They are alfo feparated from each other, though there are a greater or lefs Number of Rooms contiguous, for the Convenience of a greater or lefs Number of PafTengers, who may arrive at one Time from the fame Parts, all having different Jngrefles, dif- ferent Stairs, and no Communication. The Sheds, which in- clofe the Court Yards, are fo difpofed, that you cannot pafs from one Court to another, all the Gates being kept fhut. Each of thefe Sheds is terminated by a particular Building for the Abode of the Guardian and of the Bajiazi, who have the Care of •i. ■:^ -i [ »s] of the Merchandize expofed under it. The great Sheds have alfo cheir Convenience, their Ufe, and Security. Ample Room is to be given to the Merchandizes, that they may, without being damaged by Weather, be penetrated by the Air j and be come at, to be handled j and the Pcrfons are aho to be lodged, at Large, conveniently, without occafioning Mixture in the great Numbers of them, or in the Variety of their Quiirantines : An Idea of which may perhaps bcft be had, by confidering that the old Lazaretto, with only Eight Places for the Purification of Goods (each of them fubdivifible into many more) can give Reception to 6730 Bales of Merchandize at once, coming from various Parts. And if one confines only to fix different Quarantines, the Quarters appointed for Pcr- fons (each of which is fubdivided into 13 Rooms) above 294 Perfons may be eaiily and commodiouHy lodged there at once. rf The New one, is more capacious j takes in an equal Num- ber of Bales, but has fomewhat under 200 Rooms for PaHen- gers, and has fometimes furnifhed Accommodations for the Quarantine of 4000 Soldiers, and 200 Horfe, at Times when it was not incumbered with Merchandize. As I need not be more dilfufe upon the Defcription of them, I come now to the Forms obferved in them. An Officer called a Prior fuperintends in each. Great Care is taken in Choice of him, always taking Subjeds of the Order of Citizens, and changing him every Fourth Year ; and no one can be ever quahiied for this Office, who has either Confanguinity ▼ [ ,5 3 Conflmguljiiiy or Connexion with any of the Maglftrate's Ollicers, or that is interefted in any Veflel, o\' has any Concern in Trade of any Sort. He has a Hoiife witliin the Inclo- fure of tlic LazarettOy as has been faid, in which he is obliged to refidc conAantly ; never being to leave it, except in the fole Cafe of attending the Magiftrate's Orders j then leaving a Sub- altern in his Room, called the Sub-Priory who is alfo his Ailidant. m They liavc an annual handfome Allowance to fubfift well upon J the Laws being rigorous, that, as they arc fo well provided for, they fliall not have any Kind of Emolument imaginable, un- der any Pretence which might tempt their Avidity to mitigate, or difpenfe, with any of the Delicacies of the Purifications j and they cannot quit that Employment, which they enter into, in Times of no greater Exigency than the common legal Precau- tions, even in Cafe any Plague fliould happen in the City. Thefe are the fole Ofiicers who receive all the Orders of the Magiftrate, who (when necefHiry) require them, and then di- flribute them to the inferior Odicers, for the Condud of the Lazarettos that are under their Care and Diredlion. At the Time of Election they give Security for their good Condudt, and another Security of a Thoufand Ducats, for the Interefl of the Merchants who trufl their Merchandize in their riands. Though the utmofl Vigilance and Diligence is required of them, that all the Regulations be obferved ; their Hands are tied up in every Refped, not having the Privilege to give Em- ployment % -•■is J i I ,-. ^j^ [ '7] ployment to any one of their Family in the Lazaret toi j nor are they to fuffer Fifliing in the neighbouring Canals, leaft, under that Pretence, little Boats Ihould approach, and fome dangerous Tranfportation of any one be attempted j nor can they traffick in any Shape, or in any Thing, that is brought into the La- s'.arettos, or with any one there j nor mu(l they fuffer any Bar- gains to be driven between Perfons in Quarantine, nor between them and thofe Officers that vilit them j for which Reafon no Broker can be admitted, even though he (hould have a parti- cular Order j it being to be confidered, that it is an unalterable Maxim, that no Perfon, or Goods of any Kind, can be brought into the Lazarettos, or on Board fufpedted VefTels, without exprefs Orders of the Magiflrate : For this Reafon, the Priors depend folely on the Authority of the Magiftrate, infomuch that they are difpenfed with obeying any other Or- ders whatfoever j the Publick Faith proceeding with fuch De- licacy on this important Head, that no Execution can be ferved upon any Kind of Goods, (^^c. brought and depofited in the La- zarettos for the Regards of Health j and even in Cafe a Ban- ditto fliould clandcflinely get in there, and be difcovered, he is fecure from fuch Time as he lias taken his Refuge there, no Diflindion being made of Perfons, where the Safety of the State is at Stake. To fay fomething of the more general Duties to which the Priors are obliged : They keep all the Keys, as well of every Gate which gives Entrance into the Lazarettos, (which is more than one, befides all thofe that are upon the Canal, difpofed in the beft Manner to receive Goods, and pafs them to the Place deflined for their Purification, without paffing by Places already occupied by others, left there fliould be any Miftake) as of E every ""mtUBfr [ i8] every other Gate that fecures the Qimrantine of Perfons and Goods ; all wliich are to be fliut when Night comes on, and opened only after the Sun rifing ; themfelvcs always aflTifting, yet with fiicli Precautions, that they themfelves are always to be kept clear and free irom Mixture. They are refponfible for whatever is fent to the Lazarettos^ under Sandion, however, of the Magiftrate's Order, with which they muft be furnKhed j and with no o °r are they to be fa- tisfied, not even with that of his Officers that bring them. They infpedl the Guardians and the Bajiazi^s, that they do their Duty each Day, in the Services render'd Perfons and Goods, not permitting them to ferve in more than one Qua- rantine } and that they are afliduous in expoling every Day to the Air, upon Ropes, the PalTengers Things, taken out of their Trunks, &c. and in the neceflary Management they are to ob- ferve of fufpeded Merchandize, with every Form required : For which Reafbn, and to provide for any Neceffities of the Paffengers, the Prior is every Day to make two Vifits at leaft, one in the Morning, and the other in the Afternoon, to every Place of Quarantine. This Care of keeping the Faflengers fupplied with all Ne- ceffarics, brings me to defcribe another Sort of Officers, in the Service of the Magiftrate, called Vi£iuallers» Thefe furnifh the Paffengers in the Lazarettos^ and the Crew performing Quarantine on Board, with all Things necelTary. There is a fixed Number of them, and they twice a Day viftt the Lazarettos and Veflels ; but they keep at due Diftance, and always the Prior muft be prefent at the firft, and the Guardian in MP '.''^W'.- .'ia? [ »9 3 in the lad, (which is an immutable Rule, if any Vifit is ever made) and all that they prefent, palFes through the Hands of thofe Officers to the Perfons, making ufe of a Bafket for that Purpofe, faftencd to a Cane of three or four Fathom long, in which they put what they furnilh them with, and receive their Money the flime Way ; which before they touch, they pafs it through Vinegar or Salt Water. They are forbid by Law, all Extortion, and all the Profit they have is only one Penny more in the Pound than the ordi- nary 'Tar iff es allow, as fettled from Time to Time by the Offi- cers of the City. It is not however prohibited to others, and fuch as are con- cerned with the Paflengers to furnifh them Vidtuals, provided all Pafies through the Prior s Hands, and none of the Rules of Precaution are eluded : The Priors fuperintend thefe Vic- tuallers, to prevent Fraud -, and if fuch Exa(£lnefs is obferved, that Paflengers fuffer no Inconvenience or Uneafinefs, ftill a greater JVttention is exerted, if by Chance any one of them (hould be fick : For the Prior mufl forthwith declare the Cafe j and the Firft Phyfician of the Magiftrate is immediately fent to, and the mofl fcrupulous Obfervation is made of any Diforder, whofe Symptoms fliould be doubtful. The fame Rule is ob- ferved towards any Sick in the Ships ; the Patient growing worfe, nothing is with-held for preparing him to die well; there being a Church in the Lazaretto, &c. If the Sick would difpofe of any of their EfiTeds, the Priefl that ferves for Chap- lain, ads as a Notary in Default of the Prior -, but he cannot be appointed either Executor, or Heir, no more than any other Officer of the Lazar-etto j and they oniy can ferve as WitnefTes : But T^ [20] But if the dying Perfon fliould dcfire a Publick Notary, it is granted by the Magiftrate, whenever the Times and Con- jundtures will allow of it. Every Death muft be immediately communicated, though it be of a known Diftemper ; nor can the Corpfe be moved, un- til (even after Death) it has been vifited by the Chief Phyfician, to fee if any Pcflilential Marks were come out upon it : It is buried in a Church-yard belonging to the Lazaretto : And in Burying no Hands are employed, but thofe in the fame Qua- rantine he died in, digging a Hole at lead two Fathom deep. Such Circumfpedtion is ufed, if the Diftemper and the Death proceed from natural Caufes : But the leaft Appearance of any Thing infedious, makes it much greater j for as foon as ever it is known, the fick Perfon is feparated from the others in Quarantine with him, who are obliged to begin again a more rigorous Quarantine j dividing them as much as poflible one from the other ; which, in Cafe of another Accident, is to be- come a Third Quarantine for every one. And the iick Perfon being aflifted with the utmoft Caution and Care, the Corpfe is buried in Lime. Thofe that die in the Ship are buried in the fame Manner. Of all that belongs to the Deceafed, the Prior takes an exad Inventory in Prefence of the Guardian, and two or three Wit-nefles ; which is adjudged by the Magiftrate to the lawful Heirs. On Board the Ships, the Guardians do thofe Parts. .J^ Having fuccinftly related the Duties of the Prior, which principally confift in feeing the Rules kept up to, and good mmim [ 2' ] good Order obfcrvcd ; in which is comprehended tlie Care of keeping the Peace in the Lazarettos ; of taking all Arms from PafTcngers, and having them feparatcd from what they were lapt up in, and kept to be rcftorcd them at their going out ; in forbidding all noify Sports, and efpecially fuch as might occafion any Mixture amongft the i'eople in Quarantine ; in feeing that the Guardians, Bajiazisy and Vidtuallers, do their Duty, without ufing Extortion, &c\ That all Animals, whether Quadrupeds or Fowls, be fhut up, which might flraggle, and occafion Diforder. It remains to fay fomething of the Quality of the Purifications ufed in the Lazarettos ; that being a Point not to be by any Means omitted, and may not be a little tedious, as the Detail of them cannot be concife, Refuming therefore the Idea already mentioned, of deducing the general Condu(5t from a particular one, and returning to where the Merchandize was left, when brought out of the fuf- pedled Ship, vt'z. to the Gates of the Lazarettos y with all the precautions aforefaid ; they are by the Fante, who efcorts them, delivered up to the Prior of the Lazaretto, with the Order that direds him to receive them. He directs a Place for their Pu- rification ; direds the Bajiaziy appointed for that Work, to take them out of the Boat, and the Guardian to keep them in his Cuftody j then caufing the Peata that brings them, to carry them to the Shore moft convenient for their Landing at the Place where they are to be purified, they are unloaded by the Baftaziy who, from that Moment, together with the Guardian, are looked upon as unclean, and can have no Communication of any Sort. As many as are unloaded, a Note is taken of, j^nd fo fucceflively till the Ship is quite cleared. It mtm [22 ] It has been faid, tliat generally the Clerk of the Ship, or tlic Super-Cargo, or always one oF the Ship, pafies witi', the Merchandize to the Lnzarctto^ to make the Delivery of them j and the Rcafon of it is, to take hack a Receipt from the BaJJazi for all that was delivered to them, that the V/holo may be reflored, out of Regard to the Rules of the Health- OlHcc, and for the Sake of Punduakcy. The Ship l)eing entirely unloaded, they proceed to difpofe the Goods in proper Places, with the neceflary Diftindions : The Wool, (which is to be purified with the Forms called a Monte) in one Place, and what it is lapt up in, in another ; tlie Cottons all in one Line j thefe made with Thread (or Linnens) in another ; the Skins for Leather in another Part j and fo every Head of Merchandize, feparated from others, of dif- ferent Sorts i and when all is thus difpofed, every Thing is opened, and from that Day commences the Time of Quaran- tine ; which always coniifts regularly of Forty entire Days, for Merchandizes coming from the Levant^ and fo for any others coming from Places much fufpeded ; which is increafed upon the Death, or Sicknefs, of any one of the Ba/inzisy which fliould give any Sufpicion of Infedtion j or if any Thing of that Kind appeared on the Ship, which had tranfported them. Thus from the very Day that the Unloading of the Ship ter- minates, the Quarantine of the Ship, and of the Crew, com- mences, and not otherwife. That of the Paffengers being fooner brought to a Conclufion, who, at firft, pafs into the Lazarettos with their own Wearing Apparel, as they by fo doing gain ths Time the Unloading of the Ship requires. There [ 23 ] There arc tlic inofl folid Rcafons for this Proceeding j fitic^, that as the OtVicc of Health is to he fccurc, th.'.t every 'I'jiiig hable to Expurgation pafles tlirougli tht^l'c Tryak whicli RcaUm and Experience, for i'o long a Space of Time have cllablKhcd ; fo this Point is not to be confounded. The Evil manifells itfelf more eafily in Pcrfons than Things ; fo that they might be fubJQtitcd to lefs rigorous Rules than the Goods : Yet as there is no Perfon, hut what brings with him fome Things that are for liis own Ulc j or is at leall mixed with thofe that do j fo the Sulpicions becoming equal on this Head, the Purification required iiiufl be equal too. Thefe diiFcrent Terms are therefore to be diligcntl}' con- fidered : That in which the Unloading of the Ships ends -, and that in which is compleated the Tranfportation of the Goods to the Lazaretto. Since it is not fufhcient that 'they are gone through, if it is not manifefted that ihey are fo. For this Reafon, as foon as the PafJengers are brought alhore, the Guardian appointed for the Charge of them, caufcs to be opened all their Chefls, flrong Boxes, Envelops, and whatever tl-'ey have with them j of all which he takes a Note, which is called making the Roll. He then orders all to be expofed tO the Air, if Wearing Apparel, and not Merchandize. ■ * This being done, he gives an Account of it to the Prior ^ who is always prefent ; and the firft regifters in a Book, as well the Perfons tome into Quarantine, as their Things ; as ' alfo •e [ 24 ] M) the Names of the Guardians appointed to have them in Charge. He then writes to the Magiftrate, fpecifying the Day of their Debarkation, the very Moment in which they began to open the Chefls and expofe the Things to the Air ; and he tranfmits tlie Roll or Lift aforefaid, in which is con- tained every Thing that requires Expurgation. If any Mer- chandizes are difcovered in them, the Quarantine of the Paf- iengers cannot commence, till thofe Merchandizes have been tranfpo.ted to another Place j there to go through all the Pre- cautions and Tryals pi )per for them : And if no Merchan- dize has been found, their Quarantine commences from the Time of the Search as aforefaid. The fame Perfon fends alfo another Lift of all the Merchandize received feparately for Ex- purgation, nothing excepted j which denotes the Arrival of luch Goods i their Quality j the Place they come from j the Velfel they were landed out of j the FanU who condiT^ed them ; the Time when the Unloading was begun and ended ; and precifely that of the Merchandize being opened j and from thence is calculated the Term for Quarantine. In this Roll he is alfo obliged exprefly to add, that he has had them lightly finged, or fprinkled, and entirely cleanfed j and that he has afterwards diligently made the proper Examination about all the Peaias, which ferved for the Tranfportation of the Good J ; that no Doubt may remain, that any Thing may have h^tn left ; And he is obliged to make it appear, whether the Peatas arrived towards Nif^ht at the Lazarettos (at which Time it is rigoroufly forbid, as is before faid, to open any one of the Gates of them j) and if the Guardian and Bqflaz't have c xerted the proper Vigilance about them, as they are obli\^(t oy the Laws to do. Befides, [ 25] U, es. Betides, the RoU that the Guardian himielf fends, (who re- mains aboard the Ship aftc; the Unloading is compleatcd) confifts of many Articles ; one is, to difcoVer, if the Captain has dc- pofed, at his Examination, and given, in his Manifeft, every Thing contained in the Ship. Another is, to have certain Knowledge, that every Thing, that was contained in it, has paired to the Place of Purification } which appears by its being compared with that of the Prior, It betides ferves for a Security to the Perfons concerned, for the rendring them a juti; Account, as the Merchandizes pais through fo many Hands. A Fourth, and the moft material of all, is the Certainty obtained from it, that, in the Ship it- felf, nothing has remained that fhould undergo Purification : To this End, tlie faid Guardian certifies in that Roll, and at- tefts (any Failure in which Point he would anfwer with his Life) that at fuch a Time the Unloading was begun, and at fuch a Time ended : That he has omitted no Search or Cau- tion, and that nothing remained : And that he has expofed to the Air every Thing either belonging to the Mariners or to the Ship. if upon thefe Authorities the (Juarantlnc has commenced, aixi there appears afterwards any Thing on Board fubjedt to Purification, that had been hid* this alfo is fent to the Laza- ret to^ with fuch other Merchandizes that for that End are con- demned by the Rules to recommence their Quarantine ; when they have not had the Indulgence of performing it feparately, but collcdively ; and this, both becaufc it is required by the <)ffice, and alfo for a Punifhment for fuch Roguery having G been ill [26] hcen carried on ; which does not flop there, but renders fub- jedt to Chaftifement, whoever was the Concealer. . i. > For what regardr the Quarantine of Paflengers, and of the- Ve/Tel, when they have begun it in this Method, and it conti- nues without any Accident intervening j I need not add, that it is regularly brought to an End. But if any Sicknefs happens, I have already given an Account of the Conduct that is in that Cafe obferved. " : ' '■* :' :' ' - Mr-. Something muft be added about Goods. I have already obferved, when I faid they are difpofed differently upon their Receipt into the Lazarettos^ that tl^ * ■ . u.:., . ..' i -.7 ■...-■!:., -/•no:> ^^U a .\.u\ n« . ^i i / ' , " * ■.. , ■ ■-■ ■ . . ■ > ■. V i % ;:.:-,•;. r.; : 1. J? J N I S, f J n /~» •■ "• -^ ; ^ 1r>- i «, ii ;cdT : c')0, ;.> ' ,_ ; • ■ !. =-■ } ._ ■ ' '^^ y . ... \ 'VAiV-A w i. J, , J i •■"■'''.■: t . i VviT::!*! :,^/I..'-: ' . J. ■ ^ .- J »** « r 4 i~ J ^'T i'.'. rv.':.i.*;irit^ j-.^ i.i..ii 'vv* V i.