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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqu^ ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y ■^IHM 12X 16X 20X 24X 2SX 32X tails du sdifier une nage The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: D. B. Weldon Library University of Western Ontario The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and In keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grSce d la g6n6rositd de: D. B. Weldon Library University of Western Ontario Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de Texempiaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or Illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. 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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commen^ant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent gtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche h droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. irrata | to I pelure, n it □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE COUNTESS OF MINTO i LESSONS IN SKATING WITH SUGGESTIONS RESPECTING HOCKEY, ITS LAWS, ETC. By GEORGE A. MEAGHER Champion Fiyure-Skaler of the World siiue i8yi WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF DERBY 4 TORONTO GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY, LIMITED J900 Entered accordingr to Act of ParTTament of Canada in the year one thouRand nine hundred, by George N. Moranq & Company, Limixkp, in the office of the Minister of Agriculture. c ;? ^ TO HER EXCELLENC^ THE COUNTESS OF MINTO IN MY OPINION THE MOST GRACKFUK LADV SKATKR ,. XHK .VOK.O. THIS BOOK ,S. BV „EK ..C.^^ '^ KI-ND PERMISSION, MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE ALTHOR PREFACE BY THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DERBY. I understand from Mr. Meagher, the author of the present work, that he wishes me to write a few words of introduction. I am very willing- to comply with his request, although I cannot myself claim to rank as a figure-skater, still less as an authority on the subject. But as I was at Ottawa as Governor-General of Canada, and in the exercise of my duties presented him with the medal which he then w^^n at an open competition as the World's Cham- pion for figure and fancy skating, Mr. Meagher is entitled to the tribute which I very readily give. My first, or almost my first, acquaintance with Mr. Meagher was upon the occasion when he won the medal aforesaid, but he was even then well known as a good and graceful skater, and held that rank at Montreal amongst vii PREFACE those who were certainly qualified to be critics. He was, if I recollect rightly, at that time skating on the public rinks and afterwards at Government House,Ottawa, and was always most kind, not only in giving a display of his own powers, but also in instructing (en amateur) those who were novices in the art of which he is a master. Since the year 1891, Mr. Meagher has received many trophies from various skating clubs in America, and also, I believe, from similar clubs in Europe. It was with pleasure that I received a visit from him after my return to this country, and that I gave him a letter of introduction to Lord Dufferin, who re- ceived him with that courtesy and kind- ness which he is always ready to extend to Canadians. I have been given to under- stand that the home of Mr. Meagher's ancestors was in County Tipperary, and that his grandfather, who left Ireland in 181 1, saw service with the British forces in America, and afterwards served in the army under the Duke of Wellington. Mr. vm PREFACE Meagher is, indeed, justly proud of a medal with six clasps for the Peninsular Campaign. Mr. Meagher's book will, no doubt, be favorably judged upon its own merits. I can only, in conclusion, wish both to the work and to the author all the success they deserve. DERBY KNOWSLEY, England \% NOTE BY MR. ALGERNON H. GROSVENOR Having derived considerable satisfac- tion and amusement from skating" with Mr. Meagher ; and having watched with profound interest his extraordinary and most graceful skill in those mysterious evolutions known as **one foot figures," which consist chiefly of grapevines, cross- cuts, loops, etc., sometimes singly and sometimes in combination, I have great pleasure in placing upon record the fact that he is the inventor and originator of a considerable number of the figures given in the diagrams under these headings. It is, of course, very difficult to trace the origin of many of these beautiful and delightful exercises, but credit should be given where credit is due, and a search through the various skating works will easily reveal the fact that, as Mr. Meagher NOTE himself has informed me, he is undouhted- ly the inventor and oriii^inator oi many oi the movcm :nts to which I referred, and which will be found chiefly in dia^-rams Nos. 19, 35, 36 and 38. Among others also are the following : — Serpentine Eight, Plate XIV.; Serpen- tine Turnip Eight, XIV.; Serpentine Eight, combining Rail I'eiice, XV. ; Cross-cut Swedish Eight, XVIII., etc.; F'igures of Eight, XX. ; Rattlesnake, XXL; Rosettes, XXII.; 'Numerals, XXIII.; Capitals, own design, XXIV, ; Mullet, Leaf, XXV. ; Four Designs, XXVI. ; Grapevines, Continuous, XXVI I. ; Grapevines and Serpentines, XXVII L; Fancy Combinations in Con- tinuous Movement, XXIX. ; Fancy Figures ofEight, XXXI Il.and XXXIV.; Ox-horns, Cross-cut, XXXVI. ; Com- bined Cross Roll with Circle, page 119; Combined Locomotive, page 121 ; Sea Breeze, 122 ; Combined Rail or Fence, 122 ; and Sea Gull, 123. I have great pleasure in writing ihese few lines, not because I wish personally xi NOTE to pose as an authority on the subject, but because skating is an art of deep and abiding interest with me, and because by thus doing I may, in however small a degree, be assisting my friend, Mr. Meagher, to lay before the skating world the latest developments of that art of which he is unquestionably the most recent and finest exponent. Algernon Henry Grosvenor {Member of the Committee of the London Skating Club) xH A REMINISCENCE As ''Spuren Auf dem Eise" is the title of the standard work throughout all Europe to-day on the subject of skating, 1 feel proud to reproduce in these pages the handwriting of its authors which appeared in a presentation copy given to me while visiting Austria. /^ y^^ ^C^t^ 'a^i^. Xlll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Portrait of Lady Minto " Mrs. F. Cook Rocking Turn (ist position) «' (2nd " ) - Start for Large " Bracket Turn " Locomotive Step (sideways) - Toe-circling - . - . Plate I Skating Diagrams " II '« «« - . *' Crossfoot Spin " Plate III Skating Diagrams ' * V ' ' " (( YJ a a Plates VII and VIII " " IX and X " Pig's Ears," Beginning on Edges Forward " - Plates XI, XII and XIII Skating Diagrams " XIV to XXVI Doing Impossible Things . - . Plates XXVII to XXXV Skating Diagrams Of what is the human figure not capable Shamrock Hockey Team Frontispiece Page 4 8 10 12 16 20 22 24 26 28 32 36 40 48 50 Inside 56 60 62 72 75 82 XIV CONTENTS •tf Page Introduction . - . - - I To the Young - - 3 Skates - . . - - - 4 Foot-gear _ . . - - 6 Skating — With Straight or Bent Knee k . 8 Skating in England - - 9 Hints on Skating - - Correct Position of a Skater - - Grace . . . . - - ■ 8 *'> ■ The Fundamental Movements of Skat ing - 20 Explanation of the " Fundamental Move- ■ 'v ments " . . . - - 22 Figure and Fancy Skating - - - 28 Fancy Figures - . - - - 62 Combined Skating - - 63 Continuous Skating - - 72 Figure Skating Programme - - 73 Regulations for Tournament - - 7^ Skating Rules, - - 77 Speed Skating ... - - 81 Hockey on the Ice - - 82 Laws of Hockey in Quebec - - 85 Laws of Hockey in Ontario - - 89 "•^ XV INTRODUCTORY k/ Canada, owing to its climatic condi- \ytions, like Russia, Norway and Sweden, Vhas always been, what may be termed, a Statural skating country. Other coun- '^ries, such as France and England, are •^now virtually skating countries, as they ^have been made so by the almost miracu- ^ lous work of that ever-busy and intellec- tual being man, who has cheated nature by his wonderful real ice-making machine, and lengthened their skating seasons from a period of a few weeks to seven months or more. In the United States, and on the Continent, where skating is now a veritable craze, one may find golden op- portunities for acquiring proficiency in the art, as competent instructors may be found at all of the artificial skating re- sorts. ^It is not so in Canada ; the poor ^ beo^inner is oblieed to shuffle for her or ^himself, or otherwise depend upon kind ^friends for assistance. With this fact in LESSOiXS IN SKATING \ view, and knowing of no Canadian work on the subject, I feel that this little book will prove of certain value to those who are in any way interested in the " Poetry of Motion," my idea being to lay before the novice a practical aqd simple method ^/which may be a key to open the door to V fancy and figure skating. I have to express my very best thanks to those who have helped and honoured me by their assistance: The Earl of Derby, for the writing of the preface. The Hon. Algernon Henry Grosvenor, for his kind note. Dr. Montague S. Monier-V/illiams, for the chapter on the English style of skating. Lord Archibald Campbell, for two comic sketches drawn especially for this work by his lordship. Dr. Carl Korper von Mariennert, Presi- dent of the Vienna Skating Club, for his kind but flattering remarks concerning the skating abilities oi the author. TO THE YOUNG Like many other things, skating ought to be leariicd in youth, when one has not far to fall, nor much dignity to lose. To children there is nothing formidable about • it; the motion once learned is almost as easy as walking, but at first there are some difficulties to overcome. The young be- ginner feels terribly nervous when he finds himself on the ice in a perpendicular position. He finds his feet slipping and sliding away from under him in every direction except that in which he intends them to go. To check this impetuosity is no easy task. The main point is to beware of inferior skates and loose boots, and totally avoid the use of straps if pos- sible. Technical directions to beginners will be found further on in this volume. r I SKATES Owing to the countless numbers of in- ferior productions which have been called " skates," and which, I regret to say, have of late years flooded our markets, I consider it most important to strongly advise skaters to beware of such contriv- ances. For the past twelve years I have carefully studied the good and bad points of all styles, and have, as a matter of experiment, tried no less than fifty or sixty different patterns. The least faulty (in my opinion) were awarded the first prize at the World's Fair, Chicago. The common faults in the majority of skates are as follows : Some blades are too high, and thus throw an unnecessary strain upon the ankles. Some are too low, some again too heavy and some too light. How often we see a skate come off and its owner hopping along on one foot after it ; this is due to poor mechanism ; the less i ■ Mrs. V. Cook Winner of Silver Cup and Championship of Brooklyn in Ladies' Competition, held at Prospect Park, Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 24th, i8g^^ SA'A TES ■J J fixtures a skate has the better. Our Canadian skates, usually called ** skele- ton," are superior, as they are apparently '"^11 of one piece, which assures their firm^ Yiess. Once safely attached to the boot the skater need fear no mishaps. i FOOT-GHAR Wc may have a pair of the best skates that can be produced, and still not be sufficiently equipped to accomplish some of the feats performed by great skaters. Boots also are very important items. The best boot for skating purposes should be made of firm leather, but not stiff, and should perfectly fit all parts of the foot. The heels for adults should be just one inch in height (the majority of heels in skating boots are too high). The farther you are away from the ice the more diffi- cult is the balance, and the more strength is required in the ankle. Many begin- ners, especially women, complain of "weak ankles." They can dance all night, walk, and ride their bicycles all day, but when they come to skate ten minutes or so, they imagine their ankles to be weak. If they but knew that, in nine cases out of every ten, it was the FOOT-GEAN fault of the boot, tliey would have proper foot-gear for skating. Most women's boots are made oi too thin leather, giving little or no support. Some even try to skate in buttoned boots, which is nothing short of absurd. If the skater really desires solid comfort, let him or her have a pad oi wadding sewn O" the inside, and the full length of the tongue of the boot, and cut precisely the same shape as the tongue. This pre- vents the wrinkles of the leather from pinching the instep. Occasionally a little grease applied to skating boots will keep them pliable, thereby preventing them from cracking, which they are so liable to do, being exposed to the cold atmo- sphere. SKATING WITH STRAIGHT OK BENT KNEE Of these two styles, my own sympath- ies naturally lean towards that which is my custom, namely, with the den^ knee. The reasons why English skaters have adopted their peculiar style of skating, (i.e., with the straight knee), are fully given in the following article written by Dr. Montague S. Monier-Williams. He has most kindly arranged his chapter specially for this work ; but by his last remarks I feel he has given me even better grounds for argument, so, in jus- tice to our own style of skating, I can but still preach against the '* straight knee." Unconvinced that we Canadians and Am- ericans are wrong, the only alternative now, so far as I can see, is to agree to disagree. 8 I" e lo ■^^■H " Rocking Tlrn (ist Position) SKATING IiN ENGLAND in- DR. MONTAGUE S. MONIER-WILLIAMS I have been asked by Mr. Meagher to say why English skaters have adopted their distinctive style in figure-skating. It may be said at the outset that there are only two styles of figure-skating — the British and the non-British — and which is the most graceful of the two is, of course, purely a matter of opinion. To skate in the British style, or in what we call in England " good form," the fol- lowing essential points have to be ob- served : (i) General uprightness of carriage. (2) Straightness of the employed leg, the knee being kept fully extended when- ever possible, flexion only being permit- ted on taking a stroke. (3) Approximation o( the feet, the un- employed leg being carried behind the employed whenever possible. LESSONS IN SKA TING (4) Face turned in direction of progress and not looking downwards on the ice, and the arms kept as closely as possible to the sides of the body. The chief ad- vantage of these rules of " form," seems to be that thereby a more or less uniform style is produced. Having a fixed stan- dard of good style in figure-skating, \\q get a uniformity of method that does not seem to exist in the non-British style. For if it be permissible to carry the un- employed leg and the arms anyhow, a wonderful diversity of kicking of legs and throwing of arms is seen, and who can tell how much latitude may be allowed in that direction ? Uniformity of style, then, is the chief end attained by our method of figure- skating, and such uniformity is specially needed amongst us, inasmuch as the ultimate aim of most English figure- skaters is combination skating. Combined f.gures performed by four, six or eight skaters are the chief pursuit of English figure-skating clubs. The key-note of combined figure-skat- 10 I " Rocking Turn" (2nd Position) ^ I p- I SKATING IN ENGLAND ing is uniformity, as a good effect is only to be obtained when the different per- formers skate in a similar way. Next, it should be observed that large, powerful curves are the beau-ideal of the British figure-skater, and we are of the opinion that our distinctive attitude is the best for attaining stability of balance on large curves. In addition, we believe that a skater adopting the British style will skate well with the least amount of effort to himself and with the least appearance of effort to others. Finally, it is probably more difficult to skate in the British style than in any other, and the pleasure of over- coming difficulties is great in all true sportsmen. Take, for instance, the turn from the inside edge backwards to the outside edge forwards. This is compar- atively simple of execution with a bent knee, and a forward swing of the unem- ployed leg. With the unemployed leg strictly in the rear, and with a straight knee, the movement is one of extreme difficulty ; and, let it be observed, a skater li LESSONS IN SKA T/AG who can make this turn in the latter man- ner can make it at will in the former, whereas the converse is not always true. So difficult, indeed, is the British style to acquire, that it is sometimes stated that many of the very difficult continuous movements executed by non-British skat- ers would be impossible if attempted in our style. I am by no means sure that this is so, given the opportunities of practice which are not obtainable in English winters. It is probably true that the extreme of either style is incorrect. Mr. Meagher has shown us that the most difficult movements, requiring an extraordinary amount of skill and sustained power, can be executed with grace, as well as facility, in the non-British style. Equally true is it that the extreme British style may tend to stiffness of action, and a sort of poker elegance which is the reverse of graceful. It 12 ■.^^^^•^gpias; ;#- vtT Start for Largk " Bracket Tlrn " HINTS ON SKATING 1. Remember that the head should rule the feet. 2. Remember that when striking out on any edge you must feel that you are perfectly keen on that edge, until it is changed to another. 3. Remember that it is allowable to look down at the feet in executing cer- tain figures, '*to place," but in cutting figures in '^ the field " it is absolutely un- necessary, in fact detrimental. 4. Remember that if the left foot seems somewhat weaker than the right, or vice versuy the weaker foot requires the more practice. 5. Remember not to skate your move- ments too hurriedly, as you are not skat- ing against time, and speed is certainly the greatest enemy of grace. 6. Remember that if you are going at a rate of speed, and wish to stop, there >3 LESSOXS IN SKA T/Xi; is only one correct way of doing* so, i.e., turn both feet perfectly sideways, slant the body in the direction which you started ; this will throw you on the in- side edge of one skate, and the outside edge of the other. 7. Do not expect to accomplish " every- thing " in too short a period of time, but with much attention and persever- ance success is almost sure to follow. H t:.' i^ CORRKCT POSITION OF A SKATHR A position especially devoid of affec- tation, natural and unassumed, is essen- tial. Allow the body to yield, yet it should be held naturally erect, and with the chest well expanded. All the mem- bers of the body should work in unison, in an easy and pliable manner, with no stiffness, and an air of brightness should pervade every motion, as a constrained or forced motion destroys harmony and gives pain to the onlooker. Whichever position the head is thrown into while the skater is executing different move- ments, it should fall into position na- turally, never too stiffly. It should in- cline, as if by intuition, in a continued graceful motion without apparent effort or volition. The shoulders should al- ways be kept well back, not forced, but in position. Stiffness of the limbs gives a rigidity to the body, which is unbe- '5 i ^ LESSONS IN SKATING coming' and naturally disadvantageous. A pliability of form is absolutely neces- sary to the acquirement of the different movements executed on skates. The " unemployed leg," as It is usually termed, and which, I may add, is gener- ally employed more than the other, should always be more or less bent according to the movement ; and should never be held with th? knee perfectly straight like a crow-bar. Unless there is a slight bend of the knee the skater certainly has an ungainly appearance. Whoever has any doubt concerning this fact, which I emphatically state, let him or her, if suffi- ciently proficient, perform the simple ** Cross Roll," with the leg and thigh perfectly straight, and afterwards with the knee slightly bent, and the differ- ence will be perceptibly felt. An awk- ward person is easily distinguished by the manner in which the hands and arms are governed. Nothing causes him so much uneasiness as his arms and hands ; they are always more or less in his own way, like those of a bashful young man. i6 ^ 1 MiiHHaflflkHunM(k&iiubi&^ i " LocoMOTiVK Step" (Sideways) V^i CORRECT POSITION OF A SKA TER The clutching" and spreading' of the fin- gers like a pitch-fork, the continued and unnecessary swinging of the arms, the bending" them at right angles, hold- ing them too far from the body — at all this the '* Graces " must weep in anguish, and hide their faces in sheer vexation. If I personally were asked the question how the body should be held whilst skating, I should say " I live while I skate ; I feel every motion ; all the muscles speak and answer me, as it were ; I talk with my arms, my shoulders, with all my limbs, and think of poetry, o{ music — of flying, if you will." 17 I m V' GRACE There is a gracious proportion of the parts, as essential to perfect harmony in movement as it is essential to harmony in repose. In an individual so gifted grace is instinctive, intuitive. Beauty or grace like this (for the terms are synony- mous), is indeed so rare that it is w^ell called genius. Gallini says, " The sim- plicity of nature is the g!-eat fountain of all graces, from which they flow spon- taneously when unchecked by affectation, which at once poisons and dries them up." Grace may be seen in a natural air, an unassumed easiness of motion, elas- ticity and lightness of step, harmony of movement, softness, pliability, and ele- gance in the disposition of the limbs — an insensible melting of one movement into another. To women especially, grace is even more essential than to men. Finer in their construction than men, they are quicker \n nerronf:^ " adjusfng^ .heir „,otions \otZ thoug-hts. Where w« i^ A , ty we find that wonderful inborn fasdnl ^^on, grace. To those of fh. r* 2-ifted if ;c I ^^ ^^'^ s^x so ..ifted, It IS only necessary to eive xh. proper position of the bodv 1h i u while skatincr """^^ ^"^ ^'"^^s ii 19 ■ ■if 'rd THI-: FUNDAMENTAL MOVK- MEN IS OF SKATING The fundamental principles of skatinj^ should be thoroug-hly mastered by the novice before he attempts movements which come under the head of Fancy and Figure skating. Much attention should b3 r 1' these "first steps," as all other movv.H.cnts depend wholly upon these var- -I's chc!n<'"es of Edp'e. They comprise the following : 1. Plain Forward Skating. 2. Plain Backward Skating. 3. Outside Edge Forward. 4. Outside Edge Backward. 5. Inside Edge Forward, 6. Inside Edge Backward, 7. Cross Roll Forward. 8. Cross Roll Backward. 9. Inside Edge Roll Forward. 10. Inside Edge Roll Backward. 11. Change of Edge Roll Forward. 12. Change of Edge Roll Backward. 20 l.U'W -»4.-Ti--,j."V-'. ^"A- ■1 " TOE-ClKt'LINU " FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS Skating- ''to place" signifies that in doing "eights" and other movements, the skater must try and follow as nearly as possible the first strokes that were made in forming the "eight," or what- ever figure skated. Skating " in field " is simply doing movements, the same as the edges and rolls, wandering at will over the surface oi the ice. 31 EXPLANATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS OF SKATING u PLAIN FORWARD SKATING Place the heel of the left foot opposite the hollow of the right, lean slightly for- ward, and incline to the left. Slide for- ward on the left by pushing- with the in- side edge of the right, raising the right foot from the ice and bringing the heel of the right opposite the hollow of the left. Throw the weight of the body now upon the right, and push with the inside edge of the left, the body inclining to the right. Slide forward with the right, raising the left foot from the ice and carrying it to the first position. Continue agairfwith the left. (Fig i, Plate I.) t i PLAIN BACKWARD SKATING Place the feet in precisely the same po- sition as for " Plain Forward" skating. 22 k Pl.ATK I. /'. \7'A. I A'. I T/C)X OF MO \ EMENTS with iho heel of the left foot opposite the hollow <^'i the rii^^'ht, niul inclining,'' slightly backward and on the outside edije of the ri^^ht foot. Push with the inside edge oi the left foot, which will give impetus to slide backward and on the outside edge of the right. Push then with the inside QCi<^Q of the right, which will enable the skater to slide backwards on the outside edt^^e of the left, continuini^ air«iin on the right, (l^ig. 2, Plate I.) t( OUTSIDK KDGK FORWARD Place the feet in exactly the same posi- tion as for " Plain Forward " skating, beginning in precisely the same manner ; the only difference is that the strokes are longer with a greater curve. (Fig. 3, Plate I.) ^'OUTSIDK EDGH " BACKWARD Place the feet in the same position as for '' Plain Backward " skating, the only difference is that the strokes are long- er with a greater curve. (Fig. 4, Plate '3 ■A \-\ 1) LESSONS IN SKATING (i INSIDE EDGE FORWARD Turn the toes slightly in, incline the body to the right, raise the right foot and carry it behind the left ankle, slide then upon the inside edge of the left, the left skate describing a slight curve. Carry the right foot forward so that the heel of the right will be opposite the heel of the left, throw the Vveight of the body upon the inside edge of the right skate, describing now a slight curve upon the right. Raise the left and carry it along- side the right. Begin again on the left and continue. (Fig. 5, Plate I.) '^ INSIDE EDGE " BACKWARD This movement is executed by pushing with the inside edge oi the left foot, de- scribing a slight curve on the inside edge of the right ; then pushing with the in- side edge of the right the skater is enabled to describe the same curve on the left. This will bring him in the same position as at starting, to continue again on the right. (Fig. 6, Plate I.) 24 Plate II. a^,-:=^--~_fig; !.-->. FIG. II y>:;^. /^ X FIG. 1 2 >— t I EX r LAX AT/OX OF MOVUMEXTS ( ( CKOSS ROI.L I ORWAKD Place the heel of the left foot opposite the hollow of the right. Using the right as the propeller, lean the body slightly forward, and execute a large semi-circle upon the outside edge oi the left, raising the right and crossing it well over and in front of the left. Continue then by push- ing on the outside edge of the left, cross- ing now the left over the right and push- ing again with the outside edge of the right. Continue this movement and you have the "Cross Roll" forward. (Fig. 7, Plate II.) f 'I hi] ( ( CROSS ROLI. J^ACKWARH I' vStand with the toe of the rii^fht foot turned toward the left. Push with the inside edge of the right, and execute a loiiiT semi-circle on the outside edg'e back- ward of the le'ft. Next, cross the right well back of the left and execute a long semi-circle on the outside edi>e of the right, continuing again on the left. (Fig. 8, Plate 11.) LESSOXS LV SKA TING a INSIDE EDGE ROLL FORWARD I) I This movement is executed in precisely the same way as the ordinary '' Inside Hd^e " forward, with the exception that immediately before each stroke is taken the foot which is about to describe the semi-circle crosses in front oi the other, and is placed on the ice upon the inside edge. (Fig. 9, Plate II.) (( INSIDE EDGE ROLL BACKWARD Start with, say the left foot, describing with it a semi-circle on the inside edge backward, crossing the right foot well over in front of the left, and dropping it o\\ the inside edge backward. Execute a semi-circle now on the right, crossing the left foot well over in front of the right and dropping it in like manner on the inside edge backward. The skater now is in the same position as at the start, and continues first with the left, then with the right foot. (Fig. 10, Plate II.) *' CHANGE OF EDGE ROLL " FORWARD Start the same as for the *' Inside Edge 26 it ;'| EXPLANATfOX OF MOVEMENTS Roll." When about to change throw the head to the direction of the outside edge, and the balance foot well forward slightly across the carrying leg. Change from the inside to the outside edge o{ the skate. Do this in the same manner upon the other foot and continue. {¥\m, ri. Plate II.) ' CHAXGK OV EDGE ROLL " BACKWARD Start as in the ''Outside Edge Roll" backward, and after executing a semi- circle on the outside edge, change to inside edge, making the same sized curve, crossing the balance foot well be- hind and continuing o\\ alternate feet. (Fig. 12, Plate II.) r : !L 27 FIGURK AND FANCY SKATING ADVANCED INSTRUCTIONS I A few words, now, to those who have thoroughly mastered and overcome the most tedious and laborious part of skat- ing, i.e., The "Fundamental Movements." I have decided, owing to lack of space, and the utter needlessness of them, not to give separate diagrams for each change of edge for the same figure skated, and wish emphatically to impress upon mv readers that any movement which can be skated on the " Outside Fdge For- ward " may likewise be skated backward. The same rule applies to '^ Inside Edge Forward," and '' Inside Fdge Back- ward." These comprise the four changes of Fdge, and any figure — whether it be Eight, Crosscut, Three or Loop — whe- ther executed forward, backward, outside or inside edge, should have precisely the same appearance when viewed upon the ice. 23 .■sJ?.-.- u JT aM ia . ; aa»T>'MC Ji T »"= it Plate III. ■iiu^'KtuwBa w wg i^ . ' nm i i fs:=s s r» »vxia r/GUR£ AND FANCY SKATING R.O.F. means Right Outside Forward. R.I.F. R.O.B. R.I.B. L.O.F. L.I.F. L.O.B. L.I.B. <( it 1 1 ( i Inside Outside Backward Inside '* Left Outside Forward. ** Inside Forward. *' Outside Backward " Inside " A ball denotes the starting point. Dotted lines denote change of edge. Dotted crosses mark change of feet. A wavy arrow denotes a jump. ** PLAIN EIGHT »» This figure is an old stand-by among skaters, and there are an infinity of combinations which can be brought into play in this movement. It seems the desideratum to every skater. Start oflf on the ordinary " Cross Roll Forward" outside edge right foot, but instead of merely executing a semi-circle make almost a complete circle, then make another circle upon the left, tak- ing care that both circles are joined so {^! :i- I- ! 5 H LESSONS IN SKATING as to form an eight (8). This explana- tion will answer for *' Eights " executed upon all of the edges. If the skater finds any difficulty in completing the first circle for want of headway, he should carry the balance foot behind until he finds himself losing headway, when by giving a good swing round with the balance foot in the direction in which he is going, he will gain impetus enough to enable him to complete the circle. (Fig. 13, Plate III.) FIGURE (3) " THREE " This useful turn is started by execut- ing a semi-circle on the outside edge, say, of the right foot forward. Sud- denly throw the head and the shoulders more to the right, changing at this moment from the outside edge forward to the inside edge backward, making the semi-circle on the inside edge pre- cisely the same size as the outside for- ward. (Fig. 14, Plate III.) 30 FIGURE AND FANCY SKATING " FLYING THREES " ''Flying Threes" are usually done by jumping from the outside to the inside edge, instead of making the tuf on the ice. This is a showy and pa.- ticularly dashing figure when done pro- perly, whether skated singly or in com- bination. (Fig. 15, Plate III.) (( Q S AND REVERSE Q S I These figures are simply combinations of the plain serpentine, which means a simple change of edge and the figure '*3." The diagrams are sufficient ex- planation, as the movement is in no way difficult when a skater is master of the edges. (Figs. 16 and 17, Plate III.) '' SERPENTINES " Whether executed on one or both feet, this movement means but a change of edge. In the two-foot serpentines, whe- ther forward or backward, one foot trav- els on the inside edge, whilst the other goes on the outside edge, and vice versa. 31 LESSONS IN SKA TING Many pretty combinations can be gath- ered from the "serpentine movement," using both feet. (Fig. 17, Plate IV.) ( ( LOOPS % I "Loops" are charming turns when executed smoothly and gracefully, and when once thoroughly learned may be employed to very great advantage by the skater. There is scarcely any move- men that cannot, in my opinion, be im- proved upon by the addition oi'''' Loops." Starting, for instance, on the right foot forward outside edge, the skater throws the weight oi the body well upon the right, skating as if to complete a circle, but when a semi-circle has been completed the balance foot is raised to a good height, gradually lowering it as it is brought well forward. This will give the skater the necessary impetus to com- plete the movement. (Fig- 18, Plate IV.) 4 i RAIL FENCK Start by drawing the right foot back- 32 Pr.\TF TV ..^^- ^'■^6?\v ■ ftOr x\ \^^oiyy FIG. 13 FIG. 19 \Q r s l/iSSOA'S /A' SA'A 7/A'G I .r rect " Rocking Turns," The majority of beginners instead of holding the out- side edge keenly, after completing the turn come accidentally upon the inside edge, as shown in the diagram of the " Incorrect Rocker." Every care should be taken to prevent the skate from taking the inside edge, ''counter rocking turns" The only difference between these and the ordinary *' Rocker" is that the turn is made in precisely the opposite direc- tion, i.e., the skater beginning on the outside edge of the right foot as in the ** Rocker" proper. Next he changes to the direction of the left, and then in the direction of the right. ''Counter Rock- ers" are made by turning in the opposite direction to that taken when executing an ordinary "Three," while " Rockers" are made by turning in the same direction as in skating a "Three." (Fig. 24, Plate V.) " BRACKET turns " These turns, in my opinion, are more 40 I'l.ATK VI <<< "foS; FIG. 2 7 LOB COMPLETE TURN or BODY FIG- 28 I l< i*, ' i 1 III ?:: FIGURE A AD FAA'CV SKATING effective, prettier, and even more difficult, than the '' Rockers," or " Counter Rock- ers." Instead of changing from outside to outside edge as in the " Rockers," the skater changes from outside forward to inside backward, or the reverse, it being possible to skate ''Bracket Turns" on the four changes of edge, as in the case of the " Rockers, ' say, for instance, that the skater starts with a long outside edge curve, right foot forward. He now naturally leans to the right side, and to execute the "Bracket" he throws the heel of the foot in the same direction as the toe was pointing and travelling. This enables him to finish on a long backward stroke on the inside edge, and brings him back almost to the starting point, on the inside edge backward. (Fig. 25, Plate VI.) " MOHAWK ' The ''Mohawk" can be skated with much effect either singly or in combina- tion. It involves a change of edge which is entirelv different from the '^ Rocker," 41 LESSONS AV SKATJAG M i\ or " Bracket Turn. " Starting, for in- stance, on the right foot forward outside edge, the skater dwells upon this stroke for a b' ief space. Then the balance leg is brought well forward, and the left foot is suddenly dropped in, and behind the right. It, also, is placed upon the ice upon the outside edge, but travels back- wards. (Fig. 26, Plate VI.) " WABUCK " (Meagher's) The " Wabuck ' is certainly a first or second cousin to the " Mohawk, " but is unquestionably much more difficult to acquire. Starting on an ordinary out- side edge of the left foot, the body is thrown suddenly round to the right, the right foot dropping on the ice well in front of the left, and on the outside edge backward, continuing in the same curve as was made by the left foot outside edge forward. Then twist the body round again to the right, the left foot being crossed well over and in front of the right. Lastly, drop it on the ice on the outside edge forward. The skate is now in the 4« FIGURE AND FANCY SKATING same position as at the start and leaves marks upon the ice similar to illustration. (Fig-. 27, Plate VI.) I ( LOCOMOTIVE STEPS These are certainly both odd, and very attractive steps, and when properly exe- cuted give much pleasure to the perform- er. This may be done noisily (resem- bling- tho clatter of a locomotive) or may be skated quite noiselessly. We have six distinct changes in this movement, namely : 1. Single Forwarr" 2. Single Backward. Double Forward. Double Backward. Single Sideways. Double Sideways. The single forward is done by starting with a very short stroke on the right foot outside edge. Next dropping the left past the right, and behind it, placing it upon the outside edge forward. The toe or point of the right skate must grip the 43 3- 4- 5- 6. » ^1 V ward on the right foot, and bringing the knee of the left leg to the hollow of the right, spinning in this attitude. There are also "Double Spins," or "Two Foot Spins." These may be started to the left or right. " Crossfoot Spins " are difficult and effective. Spin- ning backward on the left foot, cross the right foot forward. This is one of the most astounding of these feats. Similar- ly, the *' Crossfoot Spin," in which the skater revolves like lightning backwards whilst the heels are almost pointing in opposite directions, and the toes touch- ing. Lastly, we come to the *' Toe-on- toe Spins" (Meagher's). The skater starts with a sharp outside edge spin on one foot, and whilst revolv- ing at good speed, the toe of the balance foot is gradually lowered until the point of the skate rests on the toe-cap of the spinning foot. For example, if spinning upon the left foot, the point of the right skate would rest upon the toe-cap of the left boot. The secret of '* spinning" is to force 48 t;'^^.- Plate VII. |lt:l II '■■<\ Platk VIII. FIGURE AND FANCY SKATING yourself round with shoulders and arms, and to be well upright and ensure an even balance at the start, it being- a mistake to start the spin too quickly ; you will surely come to grief, or have the aj)pear- ance of the man with " a skate on." ( ( THK VAOIE This movement mav be skated either singly, or in combination, and if success- fully with much eclat. It is started by executing a long curve on the right foot, outside edge forward, and while in this position, crossing the left foot over, and in front of the right, and immediately swinging the body round, on the outside edge to the left. Then, while both feet remain on the ice, complete the turn, as seen in the *' Simple Grapevine." Next draw the left foot up from behind the right, and sail in on the inside edge oi the right foot. This enables the skater to begin the movement on the left foot, just as it was begun on the right. (Fig. 28, Plate VT.) -- 'ji ■!l ll? 49 .^^J^>. ^^ ^ '^^'«o. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 Hi tm ^ lis IIIIIM UUU LA. Ill 1.6 V] / y ^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTFR.N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 i: LESSONS LV SKATJNG ii PIG S EARS i|.- >< > \\ The name of this change of edge is certainly not beautiful, neither is the figure ; but there is a certain satisfaction for a skater to be capable of executing the movement, seeing that it is fashion- able ! Start on the outside edge with the right foot forward, and, after completing a good sized circle (radius of about four feet), wind inwards, spirally. Then sud- denly change to inside edge forward, and again to outside forward, as shown in diagram. This figure may be skated on either edge, forward or backward. (Fig. 29, Plate VII.) i ( GRAPEVINES These charming figures originated in Canada. When done to perfection they are most beautiful to behold. To watch two cunning feet executing them — wind- ing in and out, in all directions, leav- ing upon the ice the most beautiful designs, loops, crosscuts, points and ringlets, of all sizes and descriptions, all being done mathematically correct, is a 50 Plate IX. ur^'^i^^' toe FIG"^4 •i-OF : / r. ', '^ ^ -^'^ "fl fIB l-'v* FLATOFSKATt . RIGHT STRAICMT BACK - ^ J^ ^^ '^^^ * -. ~ \ \ FIC39 FIG 37 \\ j i '\' . 4 # /''o. ,,/' '^^q. "^o • <• I, RK.Mf :;TPArrHT ( ORWARn c^ ■« If i4i i,S FIGURE AND FANCY SKATING skating delight. Add to this, too, that the skater at will moves in any and every direction, along, or across the ice wher- ever he chooses, and the result is most charming. The simplest of these ** vines," and probably the best known, is the "Single Grapevine." " SINGLE GRAPEVINE " Place the feet about eight inches apart, the toes slightly turned in, slide the right foot about three inches in ad- vance of the left, turn from forward to backward, but instead of turning in the direction your body would naturally turn, namely from right to left, turn in the opposite direction, and instead of allow- ing the right foot to lead, as it naturally would lead with the left, cross it about three inches in advance of the left, allow- ing both feet always to remain on the ice. Turn from backward to forward, left to right, now making the right foot lead again, continuing the **vine" thus. (Fig. 30, Plate VIII.) It #1 { LESSOXS /;V SKA TING 1 1 THE SCISSORS iiif (I \\\ i Stand with heels together and toes turned out. Start by leading with the right foot backward, just as in the *' Sin- gle Grapevine." When the first turn, or the two cusps, of the "Single Grapevine" have been completed, cross the left foot forward behind the right, bringing it out in such a position that the toe is point- ing to the left side, whilst the toe of the right foot points to the right, and both heels are then close together, the same as at starting. Return precisely over the same lines again backward, but this time by leading with the left foot. (Fig. 31, Plate VIII.) (( DOUBLE GRAPEVINE Start by leading with the right foot, as in the *' Single Grapevine," but in- stead of going only half-way round make the complete revolution by turning to the right. Then start again by lead- ing with the left, making now a com- plete revolution by turning to the left. Continuing again with the right and re- 52 FIGURE AND FANCY SKATING peating alternately. (Fig. 32, Plate VIII.) (( PENNSYLVANIA GRAPEVINE Start with both toes turned in, and the right foot leading. Cross the line with the left foot that was made by the right, allowing the left foot to run well in be- hind, and on the off side of the right. The feet now being, as it were, locked together. Whilst in this position, twist the body round to such an extent that the left foot will be the leader. Cross the line with the right foot that was made by the left, allowing the right foot to run well in behind and on the off side of the left. They now, being again in the same locked position, twist the body round again in the opposite direction to such an extent that the right foot will again lead as at the start. Continuing the movement thus, leading with alter- nate feet. (Fig. 2^2^, Plate IX.) '* PHILADELPHIA GRAPEVINE " Stand with the heels almost touching, 53 1,^ i'i j If (i If !! a;' I h ii ! I rf!; i LESSONS AV S/CA TING with toes turned in opposite directions. Start by leading backward with the right fvHit, drawing the left loot in, so that it almost lies alongside the right. Flap the left fool qiiickl)- to the Icti side, follow- in.'^' now with ihc riglu foot forward, and liien draw the rii>ht foot so llial it almost lies alongside oi the left. Flap the right foot quickly to the right side, following lunv with the left foot leading forward. Change again, and lead backward with the right foot as at starting. (Fig. 34, Plate' IX.) i i Sl'RKAI) KAGLK GRAPEVINE Start with the heels together and the toes turned in opposite directions, as in the ordinary ' 'Spread Eagle " movement. Slide along in this position for about two yards, then suddenly draw the heel of the right foot out in the direction of the right, and make with it a short outside edge curve. Whilst the right remains so for the moment, the left is drawn past it backward on the left side, but immediate- ly upon its passing the right the left 54 FIGURE AND FANCY SKATING changes from backward to forward, and forward to backward, whilst the right makes but one turn forward. This is done in order that it may lead again in ** Spread Eagle" position, the right being always the leading foot. To be an effec- tive figure this **Vine ' must be done very smartly. (Fig. 35, Plate IX.) " GRAPEViNK victoria" (Meagher's). Start by leading with the right foot forward, the toe of the left foot almost touching the heel of the right. After going the distance oi about two feet, suddenly change to the outside edge backward with tae right, the toe of the right foot now almost touching the heel of the left, while the skater continually leads with the right foot. Complete a small loop with feet in this position, changing suddenly again from backward to forward, with the right still leading, and the left following, execute a loop forward, change again to the backward edge, execute another loop backward and continue. (Fig. 36, Plate X.) 55 LESSONS IN SKA TING ** GRASSHOPPER ** I If -! ]i Start straight ahead on the plain for- ward movement, and while under ^oo{\ speed bend the knee of the left leg so low that the skater almost appears to be sitting on the ice, taking hold of the right skate with the right hand, stretch the leg out horizontally to the ice, going in the direction in which you started straight ahead. This movement may also be skated backward, by bending the knee of the balance foot (i.e., the foot that was at first horizontal to the ice) to such a position that the skater appears to be sitting on both legs, and at the same time travelling along the ice at a good speed. Then we have what is termed the *' Wheel-barrow." While one skater is executing the ** Grasshopper " with the right foot horizontal with the ice, his hands are swung up behind him, while another skater takes hold of them and pushes the low-bent human wheel-barrow over the ice. 56 I I i I " Pig's Ears " Beginning on " Inside Edges Forward V I H ( I' I ' FIGURE AND FANCY SKATING The " Grasshopp'ir " trick is known by various names, the "Grid-iron," also the ** Flat-iron," and * Bowsprit." ** CROSSCUTS OR ANVILS " Formerly the "Crosscut" was known as the " Anvil," owing to the resemblance to a blacksmith's anvil. It is supposed to have originated in Canada, about the year 1870. These figures, in which there is no change of edge, are remarkable for then* difficulty. Few skaters excel in the ** Crosscuts." To execute the ** Cross- cut," the skater starts on an outside edge with a curve, say, of the right foot. The. curve, if completed, would have a radius of about two feet. When the skater has completed the semi-circle, and would naturally make the complete revolution, the right foot is drawn very sharply back- wards in a perfectly straight line of about four inches, the skater then continuing forward on the outside edge, and cross- ing his former lines in two places, as shown in diagram. The balance foot swings backward with much force as the 57 ■ I ^'1 I '1-1 h^ .■..,ii..i..ri,ilWI'W ?:^ :f i i W .ii| l-i ^! > :-i! ! I LESSONS IN SKA TING skater draws backward, and forward as he draws forward. (Fig. 37, Plate X.) '* DOUBLE-HEADED CROSSCUT " Execute this figure in the same way as the ordinary '* Crosscut," but closing the bottom part with a forward straight stroke. (Fig. 38, Plate X.) '*THE DEMON EIGHT " This figure "Eight" is undoubtedly the most dilTicult to accomplish of all the " Eights," and to the spectator appears comparatively simple. Start as if to ex- ecute an ordinary *' Backward Cross Roll Eight " by making a backward circle, say, on the right foot first. Continuing the figure the skater would naturally cross the left foot behind the right and execute the other circle on the outside edge back- ward of the left, thus forming the " Eight." In executing the "Demon Eight" the skater executes the backward circle on the right, but instead of cross- ing now the left foot behind the right it is crossed in front, at the same time being s8 FIGURE AND FANCY SKATING placed on the backward outside edge, the same as if it had been placed in that posi- tion by crossing it behind. Unless the reader has had a long acquaintance with the ice he had better not waste time en- deavoring to accomplish this movement, seeing that it may take him more years than he would care to spend to learn it ! '* COUNTER ROCKER APPLE CROSSCUT " (Lord Archibald Campbell's) Start on outside edge, with the right foot in front, describing a semi-circle. Change to outsideedge backward, describ- ing on the backward edge a complete circle with the exception of about four inches. Execute now a backward " Rock- ing Turn," which will enable you to cross the former lines and finish the peculiar figure as seen in illustration. (Fig- 39» Plate X,) i( ox HORNS but Begin as if to execute the *' Crosscut," e outsic ing edge line at the top, simply change the edge 59 is ii ill! ii i .1 f . lit jii LESSONS IN SKA TING from outside forward to inside backward, then outside backward to inside back- ward, and finally to outside forward, finishing the figure. (F'ig.40, Plate XI.) CROSSCUTS " Swedish" These " Crosscuts," although quite as difficult as the Canadian to perform, are, I must admit, not so pretty. The differ- ence between this and the '* Canadian Crosscut " is that in executing the latter the skater makes a complete revolution, whereas in the " Swedish " movement, the skater continuallv moves in the direc- tion in which the figure was begun, the former line being crossed at once, where- as in the "Canadian " it is shown that it is crossed twice. (Fig. 41, Plate XI.) " CROSSCUT SWEDISH, DOUBLE ; " OR, t ( R EVE R S E C A N A D 1 A N C ROSSC UT Begin as if about to execute the ordi- nary "Canadian Crosscut," but instead of crossing the lines on the inside of the straight line, cross them on the outside. See diagram. (Fig. 42, Plate XI. Plate XI. Plate XII. i' n X «o, •^x v^Of "5?! "-Of, Plate XIII. ^ . nS 1 sV ^: li *^ 11 H i >« i i J • ( r k || f »* ^ i Jii ii . %■ !)) I il ' I 1 i FIGURE AND FANCY SKA TING "rolls and cross rolls'* All of these movements can be started either on outside edge forward, outside edge backward, inside edge forward, or inside edge backward, either crossing, as in the '* Cross Roll Forward," or by skating without crossing the feet, as in the ordinary "Outside Edge Forward." The diagrams belonging to this section are contained in Plates XII. and XIII. Plate XII. represents three pairs of these movements, but though here represented separately, each pair would, in practice, form one continuous movement on alter- nate feet. "figures of eight" These figures are executed on both feet, in the same manner as the *' Rolls and Cross Rolls." Each foot is used alternately, and the figures may likewise be executed on all of the edges, forward or backward. The diagrams belonging to this section are contained in Plates XIV., XV., XVI., XVII., XVIII., XIX. and XX. 6i I \' I it: f = !;; I i I if. 4 FANCY FIGURES The movements illustrated in the fol- lov ing" plates need no further explana- tion than that which appears upon the diagrams themselves. S f 1 II Platk XIV. »• ' i!: Plate XV. ■^ ■i! ;i l|! !il iii i-i' 1 ' i 'I 1 , h 1 j 1 ': ■ Platk XVI. d'v'^-S i i^-^O^ t! Plate XVII. Il lof f^OF LOf . :\ cc \ 1 cr 1 U_l 1/1 I -V U-l \ : -J iR ■ ROCK o CD ' o (11 O CO ■q_ O x^ O O cr or LlJ t— o ' q; (0 o O ar Plate XVIII. > i r ■: 1 .l*'!!- I i i fl ^i il . iJ Ml 1^4 I,:' ' ;|i ■" III ii jjj 1 '■ Pl.AII XIX. Plate XX. .-" --^ .' i r^ ,^V ~ 1 f V / • \ \ ^ 1'° \ / ^ « \ A ^ • •=^ o o ~X a: L_^^ \ o ' \ 9^^y V -^ y / 1 Pl.ATK XXI. n w •I i Till I » -I i Ii Plate XXIl. Plate XXIII M. •' E8S3I r If M : il'l I'LAlb XXIV i- If t fir fff*' '>. rf ■;! Plate XXV. < 11 i;! ii ^1 11 !v ■i* J! .; !-::! ri.ATK XXVI. kdLlj^w^C^ J5 . '^_^-^ \ /^ ^ \\ 5\; / \\ ^ / 10/ , \ I'K / ^ ^ /\ ■ • A ^ry/' / /^^\ ' STf^ ""^--^ A ■ RIF 7 3 \ 1 ■ V/ / ON THE C0RNE;R5 T MST ON HLEL r tj f il M t I \ '1 'I t a 1 a i i II i COMBINED SKATING 1! i H ** Combined," or '* Hand-in-hand " skating consists in the execution oH single movements by two or more per- sons. It is certainly the most fascinating of all styles, though in acquiring profici- ency much time and practice are required. Still the result, when it is attained, well repays the labor. ** Combined Skating," it may be re- marked, is at the present very much increasing in popularity. Nearly all the movements that can be performed singly, can also be performed in combina- tion, though of this fact comparatively few skaters seem to be aware. Hence it is that the more difficult figures are sel- dom attempted in combination. The popular and generally accepted method of "Combined Skating" has been to execute " Rocking Turns," *' Waltz Steps," *' Brackets," and a small selection of " Figures of Three," 6* fl] ill ii ■ !!'i 1 , - I;' ; « i'j ill LESSONS IN SKA TING •Wy I and of ** Eight," *' Waltzes" and *' Quadrilles," though commonly to be met with in Canada, where they are per- formed accompanied by music, and in time therewith, are but seldom seen abroad. But to perform dances on skates requires considerable familiarity with all the various simple movements, and if, in addition to this, a power to skate both simple and elaborate *' Crosscuts" be added, far greater beauty is obtained by the performance. Difficult, far more difficult, such additions undoubtedly render the figures of the *' Quadrille," but the result is more than commen- surate with the time and labor expended. ** COMBINED CROSS ROLL " (wiTH CIRCLe) Joining hands one skater starts back- ward on the ordinary '* Cross Roll," while the partner goes forward. On the third stroke the one going backwards makes a complete circle backwards, and the one going forward, follows with a complete circle forwards. Thus they execute a perfect circle on every third 64 COMBINED SKATING Stroke, first on the right foot, then on the left. *' COMBINED FIGURE EIGHT*' Joining- right hands only, two skaters stand with right sides facing each other in position for executing the " Eight." Each starts off until a perfect circle is completed, when the right hands become disengaged. Each skater then makes a circle independently on the left foot. The marks left upon the ice do not con- stitute a perfect eight, as there are three circles instead of two, the centre one enabling the skaters to join hands. The genuine " Eight " may be skated by two persons without joining hands, who simply pass and repass each other in the centre, when the feet cross. iif II. Ill; ^'COMBINKP mercury" The ''Mercury" is probably better known to skaters in general, than any double movement we have, excluding the " Figure Plight." Two experts can make this movement to the eye of the ^11 •^s ill!- LESSONS IN SKA TING 3 Spectator look both difficult and pretty. Two persons join hands, one starts back- ward, the other forward. The one going forward St rts on the "Cross Roll For- ward " left foot, the partner starting on the "Cross Roll Backward," right foot. The one going forward crosses the right foot over the left, describ- ing a curve on the outside cage of the right, the partner doing the same backward, on the left foot. At the end of each curve both skaters turn as in the ordinary '* Ransom " step, the one going forward, changes to backward, and the partner going backward, changes to for- ward, "combined grapevine " Two persons facing each other, join both hands. One skater starts the " Grapevine," leading with the left foot forward. The partner starts with the right forward ; thus both skaters are con- tinually compelled to move sideways along the ice. When executed in good form, this is certainly a very odd move- ment. 66 COMBINED SKATING ( ( COMBINED SCISSORS 1 1 Two persons stand facing each other, with toes turned out. While in this position the palms of the hands are held up, the palms of one skater touching the palms of his partner. A push is given, and while one is executing the ** Scis- sors " in one direction, and returning, his partner does likewise in the opposite direction. They meet at the starting point to repeat the movement. " COiMBINED LOCOMOTIVE STEP " Two persons join hands, one doing the backward locomotive step, while the part- ner does the forward. A great clattering of feet may be heard, when this is skated in a lively manner, but it requires two fairly good skaters to keep in perfect time. "combined rail fence" Two persons join hands, facing each other as in the " Grapevine," but instead of executing the '* Vine," the ** Rail Fence" movement is skated. Both b^ift^. •.,rMi»JSii&JliikJtfkA g yK pj pg-ijiijy'c gjwut aqtf r 'T '■! i m LESSONS IN SKA TING skaters move aloni^ the ice in a side direction, one leadint^- with the left, whilst the partner leads with the right foot. "coMBiNKH sea-hrke/k" ( Mcag-hcr's) This deliiWitful movement, christened by Lady Randolph Churchill, is accom- plished by two persons starting- forward on the outside edi^c, bolh hands being crossed in front. Both bci^j-in for exam- ple on the left foot forward, and execute the simple plain outside edge movement. Ovi^ stroke is taken with the left, the second stroke with the ripht. Instead of both skaters executing a third stroke, it is done by the one on the left side only (a gentleman, for instance, skating v/ith a lady); he holds the stroke suf- ficiently long to allow her to execute one complete turn of the " Ransom ;" she passes in front of him as the tarn is being made ; the last stroke of her " Ransom " finishing on left foot, she joins him again on the left. She is now on his left side, and the movement is repeated by starting on the right foot, after the two intermedi- 68 m COMBINED SKA TING ate strokes have been taken as formerly. The lady now executes the *' Ransom " from the r;^'-ht fool, and arrives as^^ain on the rii^j-ht of her partner, while he con- tinues with a long" stroke on the right. ( ( THK sKA-c.iLi. " (Meagher's) Two persons join and cross hands in front (lady and gentleman for instance). Both begin on the rig"ht foot forward outside edge, changing to left foot for- ward outside edge, and as the right stroke is again skated, the edge is held by both until a complete revolution has been made, at the same time the gentleman raising the lady's hands, passing first the right, then the left, gently over her head. The movement is now repeated by both starting on the left foot, but in- stead of the hands being passed over the head of the lady, they are now raised up and over the head oi the g-entleman, con- tinuing again on the right foot as at starting. This figure certainly is a "beau- ideal" of '' hand-in hand" skating, and 69 ir. '. •i- l"1 J •A *! «, LESSONS IN SKA TING since its recent introduction has become quite a favorite. "combined one foot eight" This movement, although known as a combined "Eight," has three circles. Two skaters stand facing each other, joining right hands only, and start each on the right foot outside edge. When a complete circle has been done, both change to inside edge, doing a circle now on the inside edge. Changing again to the outside edge both are in the correct position, as at start. This movement is quite uncommon, and always more or less astonishes the onlookers. " COMBINED pirouette " Two people join right hands, facing each other, and start on the ordinary in- side dge, pirouetting with the left foot forward, the points of the right skates being the pivots. These are placed al- most touching, yet sufficiently apart to allow the left feet of both skaters to com- plete a circle of about three feet in cir- I COMBINED SKA TL\G cumference. When several revolutions have been made, the left points are then used for the pivots, while the right hands become disengaged the left join, and the toe-circling is now done with the right feet forward, inside edge. X>oiMa Impossible Things 7^ m'l Mi' '^CONTINUOUS SKATING " The skater moves entirel)- upon one foot, never allowing the balance foot to touch the ice. This style of " individual" skating is certainly the most difficult, and demands much skill, strength, and activ- ity, in order to accomplish movements with keenness and grace. y Pl.ATl- \X\I1. Plate XXVIII. I RP'^« W '^ FT ■ 1 ■ ? 11 ' ] - It ' i;. i I ■| Plate XXIX. - '■' J ' _0 'l-'\'r'^' ' , ' ~\ '\ r { \ ' \ - 1 THL TRAML V \ y \^-- /- V"""" -■ . • THLSPLCTACLtS- / \ i 1 ■' I '^ I Plate XXX. m ii'i' *iV II ,,f m Iff I, \ V\. XXXI. I'l.. XXXII, Vu XXXIII. Plate XXXIV Platk XXXV // Vo. l!' M r\ W r-'t. i ii: :ii+* 1^ FIGURE-SKATING PROGRAMME — OK THK AMATEUR SKATING ASSOCIATION OK CANADA The object of this Programme is to set forth the movements of figure-skating, so as best to test the pre Txiency of skaters, and in an order that will economize the strength of the contestants. The movements are arranged under comprehen- sive, fundamental heads, designed to include everything appertaining to the art. It is to be understood that, whenever practic- able, all movements are to be executed both for- ward and backward, on right foot and on left. Marks are to be given according to the number of competitors that start in the competition. I. Plain forward and backward. Outside edge roll forward. Outside edge roll backward. Inside edge roll forward. Inside edge roll backward. 6. Figure eight on one foot forward. 7. Figure eight on one foot backward. 8. Cross roll forward in field and eights, single and double circle. 9. Cross roll backward in field and eights, sin- gle and double circle. J 73 2. 3- 4- 5* r.ESSO.VS /A' SKA TING % I I::- I s; ".I 10. Change of edge roll forward, beginning on either outside or inside edge. 11. Change of q^\\^q. roll backward, beginning on either outside or inside edge. 12. Spread eagle on inside and outside edges. (No cut.) 1 3. Curved angles — threes, single, double, chain and flying, beginning on inside or outside edge. 14. Curved angles — rocking turns from outside ^^^^ to outside edge, or from inside edge to inside edge, forward and backward. 15. Curved angles — cross cuts or anvils. 16. Grapevines, including Philadelphia "twist." 17. Toe and heel movements, embracing pivot circling, toe spins (pirouettes) and movements on both toes. , 18. Single and double flat-foot spins, cross-foot and two-foot whirls. 19. (rt) Serpentines on one foot and on both feet ; (d) change of edge, single and double. 20. Loops and ringlets on inside and outside edges, single and in combination. 2 1 . Specialties, embracing original and peculiar movements. In addition to the figures specified in the above list, each competitor shall skate six specialties, for which double points shall be awarded, and in allowing points the Judges can take into consid- eration the ease or difficulty of the movement. The specialties must be figures that are entirely 74 I FIGURE-SKATING PROGRAMME different from, and not merely variations of the movements mentioned in the foregoing- list. A list showing the specialties proposed to be skated must be handed to the Judges by each competitor on coming upon the ice. In the event of a tie, the Judges will order it to be skated off in such way as will seem to them proper. \ i'>f Of What is the Human Figure not Capable 75 :;!»! GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR TOURNAMENT 1. In deciding the relative merits of competi- tors, special attention will be given to grace and ease of position, largeness of figure and accuracy in skating to place, and ability to use both feet equally well. 2. Competitors before coming on the ice will draw lots to decide the order in which they shall skate and shall preserve this order throughout, except that the competitor who leads in each figure shall skate last in the next on the programme, the others preserving their relative succession. 3. If, in the opinion of the judges, any compe- titor shall not have skated in the first 1 1 numbers sufficiently well enough, they may require him to retire. 4. Any competitor refusing to skate when call- ed upon in his proper turn, without a reason sat- isfactory to the judges, will be ruled out of the competition and shall leave the ice. 5. The decision of the majority of the judges shall be final with regard to all questions of dis- qualification, interpretation of the programme, and merits of competitors. 76 I $KATING RULES PROGRAMME OF THE XATIOXAL AMATELR SKATING ASSOCIATIOX FOR FIGURE SKATIXG CONTESTS The object of this programme is to set forth the movements of figure skating so as best to test the proficiency of skaters, and in an order that will economize the strength of the contestants. The movements are arranged under comprehensive, fundamental heads, designed to include everything appertaining to the art. It is to be understood that whenever practicable all movements are to be executed both forward and backward, on right foot and on left. 1. Plain forward and backward skating in vari- ous ways. 2. Outside edg-e roll forward. 3. Outside edge roll backward. 4. Inside edge roll forward. 5. Inside edge roll backward. 6. Figure eight on one foot forward. 7. Figure eight on one foot backward. 8. Cross roll forward in field and eights, single and double circle. 9. Cross roll backward in field and eights, single and double circle. . 77 LESSONS JN SKA TING .if' \\ 10. Change of edge roll forward, beginning" on either outside or inside edge. 11. Change of edge roll backward, beginning ow either outside or inside edge. 12. Spread eagle on inside and outside edges. 13. Curved angles — threes, single, double, chain and flying, beginning on inside or outside edge. 14. Curved angles — rocking turns from outside edge to outside edge, or from inside edge to in- side edge, forward and backward. 15. Curved angles — crosscuts or anvils. 16. Grapevines, including Philadelphia *' twist." 17. Toe and heel movements, embracing pivot circling, toe spins (pirouettes) and movements on both toes. 18. Single and double flat-foot spins, cross-foot and two-foot whirls. 19. (rt) Serpentines on one foot and on both feet ; [h] Change of edge, single and double, 20. Loops and ringlets on inside and outside edges, single and in combination. 21. Display of complex movements, at the op- tion of the contestant. 22. Specialties, embracing original and peculiar movements. If limited as to time, the judges may select what is thought best. This schedule is intended as a guide, as well to skaters as to judges, who should continually bear 7« h SKATING RULES in mind that grace is the most desirable attribute of artistic skating^. The rules of the National Amateur Skating- As- sociation are as follows ; The officials of a figure skating competition shall be three judges and one scorer. The judging shall be done on a scale of points running from the number of contestants down to o. Experience has shown the following to be the most practicable method of scoring : '* The number to be given to the one standing first in any section shall be that of the number of contestants. Should there be two or more of equal merit, they should be marked the same number ; and the one coming next below takes the number resulting from subtracting the number of competitors above him from the number enter- ed. A total failure is marked zero." A fall does not necessarily constitute a fail- ure. At the conclusion of each figure each judge shall, without consultation with his associates, mark the number of points which he awards to each competitor. These reports shall then be compared, and in case of disagreement the majority shall decide. The scorer shall keep an accurate record of the points allowed to each contestant on each figure, but shall not be permitted to inform any competi- 79 LESSONS IN SKA TING m i. I tor of his standitiiif until the close of the entire competition. In deciding- the relative merits of competitors, special attention will be given to grace and ease of position, accuracy in skating- to place, and ability to use both feet equally well. Competitors, before coming on the ice, will draw lots to decide the order in which they shall skate, and shall preserve this order throughout, except that the competitor who leads in each figure shall skate last in the next on the programme, the others preserving their relative succ^ssio i. If, in the opinion of the judges, any competitor shall not have skated in the first eleven numbers sufficiently well, they may require him to retire. Any competitor refusing to skate when called upon in his proper turn without a reason satis- factory to the judges, will be ruled out of the competition, and shall leave the ice. The decision of the majority of the judges shall be final with regard to all questions of disqualifi- cations, interpretations of the programme, and merits of the competitors. ',1 do [ SPEED SKATING 1. Three tests shall be established. The First Class or Highest Badge shall be awarded to any skater who shall skate a mile with not less than three turns in 3 minutes and 30 seconds. The Second Class Badge to any skater who accom- plishes it in 4 minutes, and the Third Class Badge will be awarded for 4 minutes 30 seconds. 2. The Association shall also give each year championship races at such distances and at such places as the Executive Committee may select, and shall give public notice of times and places as long in advance as the weather permits. 81 ir m ft,"'' I'' 11 If: HOCKEY ON THE ICE It would be difficult to conceive a wilder, more madly fascinating, and gloriously exciting game than ** Hockey." We have just to look about us to see how intensely popular this sport has be- come in Canada. I may say that every Club, (to say nothing of churches) and almost every large business concern throughout the Dominion, has its Hockey Club, and there is every reason for it, as a more manly or scientific game, has yet to be invented. It "embodies" all the "good points " of most games, such as football, lacrosse, baseball, etc., and has more {idd/lio/uil requ'isiieH in which general athletic knowledge and ability may be displayed than any field game extant. In Paris, London and Glasgow the Canadian game of hockey was introduced in the artificial ice rinks by the writer in the year 1895, and is now played across the water with as much 6clat as it is in Canada. Under the distinguished patronage of the Marquis and Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava, the writer arranged the first match, and to-day many Clubs are flourishing, and " long may they live ! " The game is scientific in the extreme, and many are the essentials for the framing of a "star" 82 73 73 H n 00 \""l i' f ■' - • ■ V-' HOCKEY OX THE ICE player. To be an expert on the blades is but one; a keen eye, a powerful physique, lightning rapid- ity in the manipulation of the stick, the ability to raise the *' puck " at will from the ice, the gentle touches when necessary, the swift shoots, which send the "puck" skimming like the wind over the bright surface, which dashes hither, and thither, under the smart and sure blows of the striker's stick, the knowledge of making it carom to advantage off the rink's side, and when, and how, slowly or swiftly to pass it to one of your own team. He is best who can manoeuvre and drib- ble with such foresight and cunning as to play with an adversary as a cat with a mouse. There is no chance about the game, everything is true and regular. A cricket crease cannot compare in smoothness, with a fresh sheet of ice. The game demands unlimited skill and shrewdness, with a decided knowledge of pace and time, racing, stop- ping on a second's notice, turning sharply, and the nerve to strike accurately and with much force when necessary. From marbles to football I have played them all, and it has been my experience that in hockey the player's mental and physical powers are given a wider scope than in any other game. Where, may I ask, can be found a more enthusi- astic audience than at a championship hockey match ? The very roof-timbers seem to creak with excitement ; yells and shrieks that would 84 LESSONS IN SKATING 5'! silence a band of Sioux warriors are lieard from every nook and corner of the building. The clashing of sticks, the stamping of feet, the yah- yahs of the admirers when a long and well- aimed shot for goal is fired, or perhaps when one player more cunning for the time than the rest, by his superior judgment, and surprising ability, darts with the puck, gently coaxing it from one side to the other while travelling at lightning speed through an entire line of adversaries until finally, like a pistol shot, it cracks through the goals, when a thousand, yes, five thousand throats shout and scream until the pandemonium reminds one of a dynamite factory cutting loose ! Amongst the countless numbers of crack Cana- dian Hockey Clubs there have been some hard- fought and well-earned battles, but never did the enthusiasm rise to such a pitch as it did when the *' Shamrocks," of Montreal, won the World's Championship at the "Arena" Rink, March ist, 1899. i m \ S4 LAWS OF HOCKEY OF THE PROVINCE OF OUEBEC Sec. I. A team shall be composed of seven players who shall be bona fide members of the Clubs they represent. No player shall be allowed to play on more than one team in the same series during a season, except in a case of bona Jide change of residence. Sec. 2. The game shall be commenced and re- newed by a face in the centre of the rink. Rink must be at least 112 feet by 58 feet. Goals shall be six feet wide and four feet high. DEFINITION OF A FACE The Puck shall be faced by being placed between the sticks of two opponents, and the Referee then calling "play." The goals shall be placed at least ten feet from the edge of the ice. Sec 3. Two half hours, with an intermission of ten minutes between, will be the time allowed for matches, but no stops of more than fifteen minutes will be allowed. A match will be decided by the team winning the greatest number of games during that time. In case of a tie after playing the specified two half hours, play will 85 LESSONS IN Sh'A TING m W AW continue until one side secures a game, unless otherwise agreed upon between the captnins be- fore the match. Goals shall be changed after each half hour. Si;c. 4. No change of players shall be made after a match has commenced, except for reasons of accidents or injury during the game. Sec. 5. Should any player be injured during the first half of the match and compelled to leave the ice, his side shall be allowed to put on a spare man from the reserve to equalize the teams ; should any player be injured during the second half of the match the Captain of the opposing team shall have the option of dropping a player to equalize the teams or allow his opponents to put on a man from the reserve. In the event of any dispute between the Captains as to the injured player's fitness to continue the game, the matter shall at once be decided by the Referee. Sec. 6. Should the game be temporarily stop- ped by the infringement of any of the rules, the Captain of the opposite team may claim that the puck be taken back and a face take place where it was last played from before such infringement occurred. Sec. 7. When a player hits the puck, anyone of the same side, who at such moment of hitting is nearer the opponent's goal line is out of play, and may not touch the puck himself or in any way whatever prevent any other player from 96 LAWS OF HOCKEY doing' so, until the puck has been played. A player should always be on his own side of the puck. Siic. 8. The puck may be stopped but not car- ried or knocked on by any part of the body, nor shall any player close his hand on, or carry the puck to the ice in his hand. No player shall raise his stick above the shoulder, except in lifting the puck. Charging from behind, tripping, collar- ing, kicking or shinning shall not be allowed, and for any infringement of these rules, the Referee may rule the offending player off the ice for that match, or for such portion of actual playing time as he may see fit. Sec. 9. When the puck goes off the ice or a foul occurs behind the goals, it shall be taken by the Referee to five yards at right angles from the goal line and there faced. When the puck goes off the ice at the sides it shall be taken by the Referee to five yards at right angles from the boundary line and there faced. Sec. 10. The goal keeper must not during play, lie, kneel or sit upon the ice, but must maintain a standing position. Sec. II. Goal shall be scored when the puck shall have passed between the goal posts from in front below an imaginary line across the top of posts. Sec. 12. Hockey sticks shall not be more than three inches wide at any part. K 87 iiilil LESSONS IN SKA TING I: f \; Sec. 1 3. The puck must be made of vulcanized rubber, one inch thick all through and three in- ches in diameter. Sec. 14. The Captains of the contesting- teams siiall agree upon a Referee and two Umpires (one to be stationed behind each goal), which positions shall not be changed during a match, and two Timekeepers. In the event of the Captains fail- ing to agree on Umpires and Timekeepers, the Referee shall appoint same. Sec. 15. All disputes during the match shall be decided by the Referee, and he shall have full control of all players and officials from commence- ment to finish of matches, inclusive of stops, and his decision shall be final. Sec. 16. All questions as to games shall be settled by the Umpires, and their decision shall be final. Sec. 17. In the event of any dispute as to the decision of an Umpire or Timekeeper, the Referee shall have power to remove and replace him. Sfx. iS. Any player guilty of using profane or abusive language to any officials or other players, shall be liable to be ruled off by the Referee, as per .section 8. m '; n \ * 1 l| 88 LAWS OF HOCKEY OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO RULES OF THE GAME GAME i I. The game is placed on ice by teams of seven on each side, with a puck made of vulcanized rub- bei", one inch thick all through and three inches in diameter. STICKS Hocke}- sticks shall not be more than three inches wide at any part and not more than thirteen inches long in the blade. GOAL A goal is placed in the middle o( each goal line, composed of two upright posts, four feet in height, placed six feet apart, and at least five feet from the end of the ice. The goal posts shall be firmly fixed. In the event o( a goal post being displaced or broken, the Referee shall blow his whistle and the game shall not proceed until the post is replaced. MATCH I. Each side shall have a Captain (a member 89 LESSONS LY SKA TING w AS Mii< of his team), who, before the match, shall toss for choice of goals. 2. Each side shall play an equal time from each end. The duration of championship matches shall not be less than one hour, exclusive Oi stoppages. The team scoring the greater number of goals in that time shall be declared the winner of the match. If at the end of that time the game is a draw^ ends shall be changed and the game con- tinued for ten minutes, each side playing five minutes from each end with a rest of five minutes between, and if neither side has then scored a majority of games, similar periods of ten minutes shall be played in the same way until one side shall have scored a majority of goals. TIMEKEEPERS 3. Timekeepers shall be appointed, one by each Captain, to keep the time during match. REFEREE 4. There shall be only one Referee for a match, and in no case shall he belong to either of the competing Clubs. He shall enforce the rules, ad- judicate upon disputes, or cases unprovided for by rule; appoint the Goal Umpires; control the time- keepers ; keep the score ; and at the conclusion of the match declare the result. The puck shall be considered in play until the Referee stops the game, which he may do at any time, and which he must 90 LA IVS OF HOCKEY do at once when any irregularity of play occurs by sounding a whistle. His decision shall be final. SCORE 5. A goal shall be scored when the puck shall have passed between the goal posts from in front and below an imaginary line drawn across the tops of the posts. GOAL UMPIRES Goal Umpires shall inform the Referee when a goal is scored. Their decision shall be final. I AC ti 6. The game shall be started and renewed by the Referee calling "play" after having placed the puck on its larger surface on the ice, between the sticks of two of the players, one from each team, who are to face it. After a goal has been scored the puck shall be placed on the centre oi the ice. OFF-SIDE 7. A player shall always be on his side of the puck. A player is ofF-side when he is in front of the puck, or when the puck has been hit, touched or is being run with, by any of his own side be- hind him (i.e., between himself and the end of the rink near which his goal is placed). A player being ofF-side is put on-side when the puck has been hit by, or has touched the dress or 9» w H' 4 i .: LESSONS LV SKA TING person of any player of the opposite side, or when one of his own side has run in front of him, either with the puck or having played it when behind him. If a player when off-side plays the puck, or an- noys or obstructs an opponent, the puck shall be faced where it was last played before the off-side play occurred. KNOCKIXG-ON 8. The puck may not be stopped with the hand except by the goal-keeper (see Rule ii), but may be stopped, but not carried, or knocked on by any other part of the body. CHARGING, TRIPPING, ETC. 9. No player shall raise his stick above his shoulder. Charging from behind, tripping, col- laring, kicking, cross-checking, or pushing shall not be allowed. And the Referee must rule off the ice, for any time in his discretion, a player who, in the opinion of the Referee, has deliberately offended, against the above rule. WHEN THE PUCK LEAVES THE ICE 10. When the puck goes off the ice behind the goal line it shall be brought out by the Referee to a point five yards in front of the goal line, on a line at right angles thereto, from the point at which it left the ice, and there faced. When the puck goes off the ice at the side, it shall be similarly faced three yard:: from the side. 9« LAIVS OF HOCKEY GOAL-KEEPER 11. The g-oal-keeper must not during- play, lie, sit or kneel upon the ice ; he may, when in goal, stop the puck with his hands, but shall not throw or hold it. He may wear pads, but must not wear a garment such as would give him un- due assistance in keeping goal. The Referee must rule off the ice, for any time in his discretion, a player who, in the opinion of the Referee, has offended deliberately against this rule. CHANGE OF PLAYERS 12. No change of players shall be made after a match has commenced, except by reason of acci- dent or injury during the game. INJURED PLAYER 13. Should any player be injured during a match, break his skate, or from any other acci- dent be compelled to leave the ice, the opposite side shall immediately drop a man to equalize the teams. In event of any dispute, the matter shall at once be decided by the Referee. STOPPAGES 14. 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Crown 8vo,, Library Edition, half Morocco, $1.^0, AT ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SENT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. Bird Neighbors. By Neltje Blanchan ; with an in- troduction by John Burroughs. Will be found not only to contain much interesting readingf, but to have a high value as a work of reference. Crown ^to, Cloth, ivith 52 beautiful colored photogravures, %2,2$, Game Birds and Birds of Prey. By Neltje Blan- chan ; with an introduction by G. O. Shields. This book, a companion volume to the foregoing, contains the life-histories of 170 birds of prey, game-birds and water-fowl. It has 48 colored plates. Crown ^to., Cloth $2.2^. Christian Martyrdom in Russia : an account of the members of the Universal Brotherhood, or Douk- hobortsi. By Vladimir Tchertkoff. This is a most interesting description of the Ooukhobors, our new immigrants to Canada. It contains a chapter by Tolstoy and an introduction by Prof. James Mavor. Crown 8vo., Paper, jg cents. Heart Songs. By Jean Blewett. Mrs. Blewett has taken a special place in the affections of the reading public, and this volume will undoubtedly confirm her dominion there. The predominant note of the book is buoyant optimism. Crown 8vo., Cloth, ornamental, gilt-top, $1.00. Half Morocco, $1.50. A Critical Study of •• In riemoriam." By the late Rev. John M. King, D.D. The wide scope of the work and its masterly dealing with the experiences of human nature give it a unique prominence in poetic literature. It will take its place not only as a text-book but as a valuable addition to private book-shelves. Cloth, i2mo., gilt-top, deckle edges, $1.2^. Essays on Work and Culture. By Hamilton Wright Mabie. The place which Mr. Mabie has undoubtedly taken in modern criticism is exemplified in these books. Already he has won a large following by these delightful essays. In eight volumes, Cloth, i2mo., gilt top, deckle-edges, %i. 2$ per volume. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SENT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. [■ Trimalchio's Dinner. By Petronius, translated by Harry Thurston Peck. This story, of the period of " Quo Vadis," brings before the reader in a realistic way, the people and the time of the reign of Nero. The book is a voice from the past. Crown 8vo., Cloth, $1.50; Paper, 75c. Stories from Starland. By Mary Proctor, daughter of the famous astronomer. It precisely fills the want, so often expressed, of a child's book, that is not.encumbered with matters that the little reader cannot possibly understand. Crown %vo. Cloth, 75c. Cyrano de Bergerac. By Edmond Rostand, a drama, translated from the French by Gertrude Hall. The unanimity of the critics with regard to this piece of literary work is as surprising as it is rare. Cloth, i6mo., with portrait 0/ Miss Margaret Anglin as Hoxane, 50c. Quo Vadis. By Henryk Sienkievvicz, translated by Jeremiah Curtin. This remarkable romance deals with the history, religion and customs of Rome in the days of Nero, which is portrayed with vividness and power. It has been called one of the greatest books of our day. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $1.50/ Paper, y^c. With Fire and Sword. By Henryk Sienkievvicz. An historical novel of Poland and Russia, authorized and unabridged edition, translated by Jeremiah Curtin, containing the history of the origin and career of the two Slav States, Poland and Russia. Crown Svo. Cloth, $1,25/ Paper ^^c. Pan riicliael. By Henryk Sienkiewicz, Author of ♦• Quo Vadis," etc. In this interesting novel, Sienkiewicz has further developed the characters and scenes to be found in "With Fire and Sword." It is characterized by great vividness and power. Crown Svo. Cloth, $1.25/ Paper, 75c. w AT ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SEXT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. The Prisoner of Zenda. By Anthony Hope, Author of •• The Dolly Dialogues," etc. *' The Prisoner of Zenda" at once leaped into popularity because it brought with it a novelty and freshness that was piquant even to the most jaded novel reader. Crown, 8fo., cloi,'. $1.50. Paper^ js^- To London for the Jubilee. By "Kit." These descriptions of travel, and of a great national celebra- tion are the best record of the ceremonies of the Diamond Jubilee, and they form a very interesting memento of the 60th year of the Queen's reign. Their gifted author had exceptional opportunities of seeing all that was going on, and the brilliant account of it that she wrote forms delightful reading. 16 mo., cloth ornamental, gilt top, Tsc; Paper, 25f. The Seven Seas. By Rudyard Kipling, Author of ♦' Barrack Room Ballads," "The Phantom Rick- shaw," etc. These poems are among the best productions of Kipling's genius. Crown, 87^0., cloth, ornamental, $1.50. The Day's Work. By Rudyard Kipling, Author of '♦ The Seven Seas," etc., with eight full page illustrations. To read this book, " The Day's Work," is to receive a men- tal training and nerve bracing such as must make any man or woman — and especially any young man or woman — fitter to face life and conquer it. Crown^ Svo.; Cloth, gilt top, uncut edges, $1.50; Paper, 75c. Wolfville. By Alfred Henry Lewis, illustrated by Frederic Remington. This is a book of fresh and quaint humor. It describes in odd, but not tedious dialect, the doings in a Western ranching settlement. The 18 illustrations by Remington are fully equal to that artist's great reputation. Crown, 8vo.; Cloth, $1.-25/ Paper, 75c. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SENT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. The Black Douglas. By S. R. Crockett. This is a romantic and stirring story of the fifteenth century with its armed strongholds and its fighting- men. Lovely women are also to be found in the tale, and their influence on its devel- opment is strong. Crown 8vo., Cloth, $i.2£ ; Paper, 75 cents. As:riculture. By C. C. James, M.A., Dep. Min. of Agriculture for Ontario. Authorized for use in schools. As a primary treatise in the science underlying farming, no better treatise has been put be- fore the public. Crown Svo. Cloth, 25 cents. Away from Newspaperdom and other Poems. By Bernard McEvoy. The style and the sentiment of the poems are admirable. Mr. McEvoy has both the eye and ear of the true poet. Square 8vo., 7vith illustrations by G. A. Reid, R.C.A. Cloth, $1.00 ; Paper, 50 cents. Canada and Its Capital. By Sir James Edgar, Speaker of the Dominion House of ComtTiOns. Containing twenty-one photogravure illustrations. "The work is a beautiful production from all points of view. Con- tains material that is calculated to make Ottawa the Mecca of the tourist, the sportsman, and the health-seeker." Large Svo. , Cloth, $2.50 ; half-Morocco, ^j.^o. A History of Canada. By Charles G. D. Roberts, Author of "The Forge in the Forest," **A Sister to Evangeline," etc. A complete history, with chronological chart and maps of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland ; containing nearly 500 pages, including appendix, giving the British North America and Imperial Acts in full. Large 8vo., Cloth, ornamental, $2.00. The Book of Games : with directions how to play them. By Mary White. As a compendium of evening amusements for the family and other social circles it is unrivalled. Cloth, ornamental, umo.^ Si.oo. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SE/VT POST-PAID BY THE PUB US HERS m\ GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. Where Dwells Our Lady of the Sunshine. By the Countess of Aberdeen. A booklet describing the grand resources of Canada, in the form of a parable. Square, j6mo., deckle edge cover, wii/t design ill gold. IOC. The Incidental Bishop. By Grant Allen. This is a bit of good literary sculpture, the scene of which is laid partly in Africa and partly in Britain. Crown Svo. Paper, 50c. Bachelor Ballads. By Blanche McManus. This is an attractive book, containing 29 of the celebrated good fellowship songs of the world. Crown, 8vo., bound in art linen, with numerous illustrations, $i.$o. Equality. By Edward Bellamy, a sequel to ** Look- ing Backward." The large sale which this book has had indicates that its subject is an interesting one. Crown, 8vo.; Cloth, $/.-?5/ Paper, The Scourge of Qod. A Novel, By John Bloundell- BuRTON, Author of ** The Clash of Arms," "The Mutable Many," etc. This is an engrossing story of religious persecution. Crown, Svo.; Cloth, $1.00; Paper, goc. When the World wa« Younger. By Miss M. E. Braddon. ixn historical romance of the Stuart period, in which loye, tragedy, and passion figure prominently. Crown. Svo. ; Cloth, $1.25; Paper, 50c. The Deluge. By Henryk Sienkiewicz, Author of •'Quo Vadis," etc. This work completes the trilogy begun by the author's great novel, "With Fire and Sword," of which "Pan Michael" also forms a number. It deals in a masterly way, with Russian and Polish history. 2 vols. Crown Svo. Cloth, $1.25/ Paper, 75c. A T ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SENT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS •Wi mm m GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. Wild Animals I Have Koown. By Ernest Seton Thompson, Naturalist to the Government of Man- itoba, Author of " Birds of Manitoba," etc. This book has fair claims to being- considered unique, for it is probably the first serious attempt to depict the daily life of wild animals as it really is. Profusely illustrated by the author. Cloth ^ octavo^ $2.00. fi"»t. riiss Qrace of All Souls. A novel, by William Edwards Tirebuck, Author of '* St. Margarets," *' Sweetheart Gwen,"' etc. Its scene is laid in one of the mining districts of England, and social conditions are touched upon in a discerning and sympathetic manner. Crowfi Svo. Cloth, $1.00 / Paper, ^oc. The Wonderful Century. By Alfred Russel Wal- lace, Author of "The Malay Archipelago," ** Darwinism," etc. This book describes the doings of science during the century that is now drawing to a close, and also touches upon their relation to social conditions. It is a most interesting review of electricity, travel, labor saving machinery, evolution, etc. Cro7vn Svo. Cloth, $2.00. Her Memory. By Maarten Maartens, Author of "God's Fool," "Joost Aveling," etc. The delicate and finely sympathetic quality of this consum- mate literary artist is well illustrated in the revelations and finished characterizations of this novel. Cr07vn Svo. , with portrait 0/ the author : Cloth, $1.50/ Paper, 75c. In the Forest of Arden. By Hamilton W. Mabie, Author of "Essays on Work and Culture," "My Study Fire," etc. This is a beautiful piece of poetic idealism, and is presented to the public in a dress in all respects worthy of its literary beauty. Large Croivn Svo., Cloth and Gold, Gilt-top, decorated by Will H. Low, Edition de Luxe, $2.25. AT ALL BOOKSELT.ERS, OR SENT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. 1 i Notes on Appreciation of Art and on Art in Ontario: With remarks on the Exhibition of the Ontario Society of Artists, MDCCCXCVIII. By James Mayor. iimo.; Paper, 7vilh eleven ilhistraiions from original draW' ingi by the ar/is/s, 2^c. At the Cross Roads. By F. F. Montr^sor, Author of •* Into the Highways and Hedges," "False Coin or True," etc. There is as much strength in this book as in a dozen ordinary successful novels. Crown 8vo. Clolh, $i.oo; Paper, 50c. The United States of Europe, on the Eve of the Parliament of Peace. By W. T. Stead. This is a most interesting description of a tour around Europe by the Author, in the fall of 189S. It is lavishly and beautifully illustrated. Crown 8vo., Cloth, %i.SO. The Confounding of CameHa. A Novel, by Anne Douglas Sedgwick. This is a story of English life and society, which attracts by its truth and intimateness. Ctown 6'vo., Cloth, $r.oo; Paper, 50c. Love Among the Lions. By F. Anstey, Author of " Vice Versa." ence A very bright little story of a strange matrimonial experi- j, with thirteen clever illustrations, iztno.; Paper, ^oc. Scottish FoJk Lore, or Reminiscences of Aberdeen- shire, from Pinafore to Gown. By Rev. Duncan Anderson, M.A., Author of "The Lays of Canada," etc. r2mo.; Cloth, $:.oo. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SENT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. The Celebrity. By Winston Churchill. This is am exceedingly amusing book. All the characters are drawn with the firm sharpness of a master hand. To read "The Celebniy" is to laugh. The dramatic effects are un- forced. Crown, 8vo.; Cloth, $i.oo; Paper, goc. Cominercial Cuba : A Book for Business flen. With eight maps, seven plans of cities, and forty full page illustrations. By William J. Clark, of the General Electric Company, with an introduction by E. Sherman Gould, M. Am. Soc. C. E. Octavo; Cloth, $^.^0. Lyrics of Lowly Life. By Paul Lawrence Dunbar. A very pleasing collection of short poems by a rising writer. Cloth, i2mo.,$/.2^. Folks from Dixie. By Paul Lawrence Dunbar, illustrated by E. W. Kemble. In the present work the author comes before us as a success- ful writer of short stories and graphic sketches of negro life. These pages are replete with humor. Cloth, i2mo., ornamental, The Science of Political Economy. By Henry George, Author of '* Progress and Poverty," "Social Problems," Etc. This is the last work of the celebrated author. In his intro- duction he calls it "a treatise on matters which absorb the larger part of the thought and effort of the vast majority of us — the getting of a living." Crown, 8vo., Cloth, $2.00. Little riasterpieces. From Hawthorne, Poe and Irving. These volumes comrnse the most characteristic writings of each author, carefully selected and edited by Prof. Bliss Perry, of Princeton University. Flexible cloth, i6mo., gilt top, j vols, in a box. per vol, 40c. A T ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SENT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANYS LIST. The Choir Invisible. By James Lane Allen. The longe it, strongest and most beautiful of M r. Allen's novels. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $1.2^; Paper, 75c. A Kentucky Crrdinal and Aftermath. By James Lane Allen. "A Kentucky Cardinal " and "Aftermath," form, together, one of the most delightful little love stories that was ever written. J2mo. Cloth, $1.2^;; Paper, y^c. 5inion Dale. By Anthony Hope ; with eight fiill- page illustrations. The story has to do with the English and French Courts in the time of Charles H. The material for a tale of love, intrigue ail 1 adventure to be found here, could hardly be surpassed. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $1.^0; Paper, 75c. Rupert of Hentzau. By Anthony Hope, a Sequel to "The Prisoner of Zenda," illustrated by Charles Dana Gibson. The world is always ready to rea(' a story of courage and daring, and there is even more exem -fication of these qualities in "Rupert of Hentzau" than there was in "The Prisoner of Zenda." Crown 8vo. Cloth, $1.^0; Paper, 75c. Paris. By Emh.e Zola. The descriptive power of the author is so great that to read this is to take a bird's eye view of the things and people described. The political world is unveiled for us and Parisian journalism is drawn with a keen pen. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $7.^5; Paper, -jsc. The Christian. By Hall Caine. This book deserves a fresh interest from its recent drama- tization under the superintendence of the author. No novel of recent years has aroused more discussion, and none has been read with greater eagerness. Crown Svo. Cloth, $1.^0 ; Prper, 75c. Tlie Beth Book. By Sarah Grand, Author of "The Heavenly Twins." Sarah Grand's new work of fiction ''The Beth Book, " will be likely to meet a wider acceptance than "The Heavenly Twins." As a literary production it fully sustains the author's high reputation. Crown Svo. Cloth, $1.50; Paper, /^c. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SENT POST-PAID BY THE PUBLISHERS GEORGE N. MORANG & COMPANY'S LIST. Caleb West. By F. Hopkinson Smith. This remarkable story is full of human nature and incident. It has had a surprising run in the United States, and describes the exigencies that an engineer had to meet with while building a lighthouse on a stormy coast. Crown 8vo. Cloth ^ $1-50; Paper, 75c. % The Grenadier. A Story of the Empire, by James Eugene Farmer. Although this story is by a new writer, its force and ability mark it as the work of a coming man. It is a fine specimen of military fiction. Crown 8vo. Cloth, %i.50 ; Paper, ^^c. The Uncalled. A New Story, by Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Author of *' Folks from Dixie." This is a strong work of great interest, and will make its author a large number of friends. He writes what is in his heart, and has no mercy for sanctimonious shams. Cro7vn 8vo. Cloth, $i.2S; Paper, 75c. The House of Hidden Treasure. By Maxwell Gray, Author of "The Silence of Dean Maitland," etc. The success of the former works of this clever author guar- antees a large sale of this novel. The portrayal of the character Grace Dorrien is a masterly effort, and there are scenes in the book that dwell in the memory. Crorun 8vo. Cloth, $1.^0; Paper, 75c. Tekla. By Robert Barr. This novel is pronounced by competent critics to be its author's strongest work. As he is a Canadian, the book is sure to arouse strong interest. Croivn 8vo. Cloth, %i.2$; Paper, 75c. With The Bliack Prince. By W. O. Stoddard. Illustrated. This is an ideal boy's book. It deals with a stirring period of history in a way that will captivate the boy's heart. Croivn 8vo. Cloth, ornamental, $1.^0. ^^^ AT ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR SENT POST-PAID /?r TI/E PUBf.lS/IERS A Duet with an Occasional Chorus By A. CONAN DOYLE Attihor of "C/ncle Btmac" ''Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes" etc. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $1.50. Paper, 75c. Press Notices : ♦■•We thank Dr. Doyle for his charming volume and say "arewell with extreme regret."— Illustrated London News. " It is all very sweet and graceiul." —London Telegraph. " A bright story. All the characters are well drawn.' — Lotidon Mail, " 'Charming' is the one word to describe this volume ade- quately. Dr. Doyle's crisp style, and his rare wit and refined humor, utilized with cheerful art that is perfect of its kind, fill these pages wUh joyand gladness for the rea.der."— Philadelphia Press. " 'A Duet* is bright, brave, simple, natural, delicate. It is the most artistic and most original thing that its author has done. We can heartily recommend *A Duet' to all classes of readers." Chicago Times Herald. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS OR POSTPAID FROM George N. Morang & Company Limited Publishers and Ijiporters Toronto If ■■1 The Amateur Cracksman By E. W. HORNUNG. ( No. 7 of Morang's Florin Series, ) Crown 8vo. Cloth, $i.oo. Paper, 50c. In this book the author has produced a sort of counterpart of the detective stories of Dr. A. Conan Doyle. But it gives the other side oi the question. In the " Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes," and in a " Study in Scarlet," the narrative was from the point of view of the law and its myrmidons. In the "Amateur Cracksman" it is one of the burglars who gives the story of his doings. It is a story that is told in a most interesting manner, as the unde -mentioned reviews will testify. " The book is distinctly a good one. ... It has a lightness and brightness which Dr. Doyle never attempted." — The Academy, " It interests from the opening page to the last." — Litera- ture. *' Raffles is the counterpart of Sherlock Holmes to the full ; as ingenious, as cool, as cunning, and as fascinating a rascal as one can find anywhere in fiction." — Detroit Free Press. "There is not a dull page from beginning to end. It is ex- citing at times in a breathless way. He is the most interesting rogue we have met for a long time." — N. Y. Evening Sun. M AT ALL BOOKSELLERS OR POSTPAID FROM George N. Morang 6i Company Limited Publishers and Importers Toronto f The Music Lover's Library In 5 Vols., each Illustrated, lamo, $1.35 A series of popular volumes — historical, biographical, anec- dotal and descriptive— on the important branches of the art of music, by writers of recognized authority. NOW READY The Orchestra and Orchestral Music By W. J. Henderson Author of "Whai is Good Music?" etc. With 8 Portraits and Illustrations. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS : Part I. How the Orchestra is ConstltutetS. Part II. How the Orchestra is Used. Part HI. How the Orchestra is Directed. Part IV. How the Orchestra Grew. Part V. How Orchestral Husic Qrew. Mr. Henderson's book is a guide to a perfect understand- ing of the modern orchestra and of the uses in tone coloring of the various groups of instruments composing it. The develop- ment of the conductor is also traced, and the history of orchestral music is sketched. The book is addressed to the amateur, and is free from technicalities. It contains much information to be found in no other work. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS OK POSTPAID FROM George N. Morang & Company Limited PCBLISHERS AND IMPORTERS Toronto The Music Lover's Library IN PREPARATION i « % w The Pianoforte and its Music By H. E. Krehbiel Author of *^ How to listen to Music," "Music and Manners in the Classical Period,'^ etc. The Opera Past and Present By W. F. Apthorp Author »f "Musicians and Music Lovers" etc. hU Songs and Song Writers By Henry T. Finck Author of "Wagner and His Works" ** Chopin and other Musical Essays" etc. Choirs and Choral Singing By Arthur Mees Conductor of the Mendelssohn Glee Club. I' ■ ■ AT ALL BOOKSELLERS OR POSTPAID FROM George N. Morang & Company Limited Publishers and Importers Toronto k tiited