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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film* A partir de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche * droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. lies diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOrf RBOimiON TiST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 1.1 1^ 1:13. JUi ^ b£ ||||2£ ■tUta I 1.8 ^ /1PPLIED IIVMGE Inc ^^ leS] East Main Stml S'.S Rochester, New York 14609 USA ^S (716) 482 -0300 -Phone ^B (716) 28S- 5989 -Fox s s r • o> i(0 Abemoriale MEMORIALS "V»| ^^TTTt^aW i ( tl MEMORIALS ADDRESS AT THE CELEBRATION OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVER«'\RY OP TMS BILL MEMORIAL LIBRARY GROTON, CONN., OCTOBE 15th, m3 *• -*. ' n frcbcrkh Dcnr^ S^ftce, flD.B.. pb.©. (Uf'^3 - Z-' ^ preeldert of apnnecticu' OoUeae tor momr > GROTON, CONNECTICUT : Pi.alished by the Bill Memorial Library Aasociation 1913 -»■" THE BILL MEMORIAL LIBRARY Thb Bihh Memorial Library was founded by Mr. Frederic Bill in 1888 in memory of his two deceased sis- ters. At the Session of the General Assembly next fol- lowing, the trustees chosen by the founder were incorpo- rated under the title of the Bill Memorial Library. The books were first placed in the Monument Street School house on the site now occupied by the beautiful building recently erected and presented to the First School District by the donor of the Library. On June 18th, 1890, the first library buildinj, was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. In 1906, to furnish space for the ir ireasing number of books, the building was enlarged to its present proportions, and the north wing added to give room for a museum of Natural History, which now contains a large and beautiful collection of rare butterflies, and several choice paintings by eminent artists, also two cases of finely mounted birds, the latter the gift of Mr. Gurdon Bill of Springfield, Mass, a brother of the donor of the library. The endowment and entire resources of the institution have been generously provided by the founder. ! (| .f"' MEMORIALS Frederick Henry Sykes President of Connecticut College for Women The Making of Memorials THE making of memorials is one of the natural pieties of man. Man may, indeed, be distinguished among animals by the extent and variety of his memory, but he shares with all creation in the gift of forgetfulness; his glory is to have struggled, and in part successfully, to counteract his weakness. The warder of the brain is forever going off guard; and that alert and insidious forgettory, as someone calls it, works overtime. But by infinite devices man has more than outmanoeuvred the enemy. Out of sight may be out of mind, but it is no longer out of memory. Captain Cuttle's device you will recall, was to turn the leaf down or make a note of it. Some married men try knots. Married men, they say, have not sc good a memory as bachelors. ■r' 8 MEMORIALS Yet I don't know; I fancy they only learn more about their lapses. But all humanity struggles against the sweeping, all-oblivious current, and is forever casting anchors to windward in the driving stream of time. If we can set up something present, some- thing significant and enduring, something that takes the eye and interests the mind, and if such can be endued with associations of persons or deeds or events, we may still hold fast through the long years what we greatly desire shall persist. Such is the reason for memorials. The good habit of making memorials is of great antiquity. Jacob knew something of human nature; his vision of heaven, his covenant with that shrewd exploiter of labor, Laban, his love of his dear wife Rachel, all had alike the rude memorial of a stone set up. "When his wife Rachel died, Jacob set a pillar on her grave; that is the pillar of Rachel's grave unto this day." In the errliest written record of the civili- zation of our own race, we also find the memorial, — the cairn raised on the high sea-ness by the com- rades of Beowulf, that all sea-farers might see it and the hero-king be remembered. The habit has grown with the ages, — with the growth of settled habitations, with the growth of the moral emotions, with the deepening sense M MEMORIALS 9 of history. Now man fills the earth with monu- ments. The village churchyard, the town square, the shaft-crowned hill, the plazas and temples of great cities, all alike attest the place of the memorial in hvunan life. Humble affection, the pomp of heraldry, the pride of princes, the admii- ation and gratitude of contemporaries or of posterity, have found expression in all kinds of memorial structures from before the dawn of history to our own day. Glasses of Memorials Memorials are inany but the classes are few; two or three main types perhaps comprise them all, — which classes we may designate as Mortuary, Heroic, and Public Service Memoiials. The Mortuary Memorial is as universal through the :iges as death itself. The simple stone of the churchyard — the " . . frail memorial still erected nigh, With • .couth rimes and shapeless sculpture decked. Imploies the passing tribute of a sigh, — " or the great Tomb of Grant in Riverside Drive, New York, of Lincoln in Oak Ridge Cen;etery. Springfield, of Napoleon in the Tpvalides, Paris; th^ simple tablet or slab in any parish church, or the creations of Michael-Angelo in the Chapel of the Medici; ^'le rude cairn of the primitive chief, or the stupendous miracle in stone, the 4 ■'4 _ »^aaMM 10 MEMORIALS Great Pyramid, inside the shell of which, they say, could stand St. Peter's of Rome; so, by some durable mark, great or small, man strives to guard the frail dust and make enduring the memory of the departed. The Heroic Memorial is the memorial of achievement, the insigma of fame. It may be the giant Statue in bronze or marble, commem- orating a Marcus Aurelius in Rome, a Victor Emmanuel in Milan, a Cromwell in Westminster, a Sherman in New York. It may be the great Arch that marks the conqueror, like *he Arch of Titus or of Constant'ne in Rome, or the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It may be the Column, like the Vend6me Column cast from the cannon won at AusterHtz, or the Column of July built on the site of the Bastile to mark the fall of feudal tyranny. It may be the Shaft like that shaft of light that everywhere greets the eye in Washington in memory of the Father of his Cotmtry, or the Groton Monument that crowns this hill to testify to the enduring courage of the first fathers of this town of Groton, whose de- scendants are among us here to-night. Such Memorials, Mortuary and Heroic, have their place and their power. They arrest the eye, they recall the past. And yet they are but stone or bronze. Only the genius of sculptor or architect can give inherent meaning to such material objects or render them articulate. And ■..iW»ffl*% -...il—M MEMORIALS II it is as rare tc find a statue worthy of the great man it commemorates as it is to find a worthy biography to recount his life. Men of genius have themselves trusted their memory with more assurance '"I perpetuity to their own very work rather than to material monimients of others. The proud lines of Wrenn in St. Paixl's — Si monumentum requiris, circum- spice — illustrate this. Horace built his monu- ment in his own verse: "Exegi monumentum aere perennius." Statues, columns, arches of Rome are fallen to decay and ruin, the prey of the winds, and corroding showers, and the onset of the countless years, but Horace's monument is safe. Shakespeare assured his friend of immor- tality through his Sonnets — "Not marble, nor the gilded monuments of princes, Shall outlive this powerful rime." Milton disdained for Shakespeare — "The labor of an age in piled stones, . a star-y pointing pyramid." Mankind, seeking some memorial more sig- nificant even than storied urn or animated bust, has evolved a third type, the Memorial of Service. This type has the prestige of antiquity, but our own age has peculiarly favored it. Everywhere ■ ->~~'^,immm £ Tf- li I • 13 MEMORIALS in our land are rising memorial foundations that commemorate individuals, but function as well in the life of the people — to diffuse knowledge, to foster art, or industry, to promote health — foundations, in short, of public service. Such we may call the Public Service Memorial. Rome with her high sense of duty to the state originated many such memorials. The Flavian Amphitheatre joined with the entertain- ment of the people of Rome the name and memory of the Flavian emperors who built it. The Forum of Trajan, the Claudian Aqueduct, the Baths of Diocletian and Caracalla, all commemorate emperors of Rome who perpetuated their names and spirit, not in dead stone, but in edifices of public service. This type of memorial has appealed to us; it is of the spirit of this age. For the character- istic and compelling spirit of our time is its social thought, its collective action, its wide-spread effort for human betterment. The power of the State, of the Nation turned to the betterment of the people — that is the new conception of government. It has produced our systems of education, our public hospitals, our public works of irrigation, and the last wonder of the world — the Panama Canal. The same spirit working in individuals has directed their beneficence to create institutions of great public utility that at the same time are most distinguished forms of MEMORIALS 13 Memorials. What memorials of nation-vdde, in- deed of worid-wide influence, are suggested by names like Smithson, Ezra Cornell, Johns Hop- kins, Mrs. Stanford, Mrs. Russell Sage, Andrew Carnegie 1 Memorial foxmdations that function in the service of the people — that high tjrpe of memorial we have attained to as the expression of the spirit of this age. »\«^ The Bill Memorial Library That spirit has inspired the Ufe of the dis- tinguished citizen of Groton, to whom by the ceremonies of this day we seek to express our profound thanks and our lasting esteem. Twenty- five years ago, when pubUc libraries were scarcely known, except in great cities, and they adminis- tered mainly for the few, Mr. Bill conceived the idea of this endowed Public Library, that should be a memorial to loved relatives, but should also be of enduring public service, making accessi- ble to this whole community, without restriction and without cost, an adequate Collection of Books. It was the Founder's good fortune to see his idea take shape in stone and mortar, and function as an organic institution of his home town. A rarer good fortune has been his, to see year added to year of beneficent activity of this institution, till to-day twenty-five years are mmi- bered. What a harvest of kindly memories must w 14 MEMORIALS 3 u I i be his! What a moment the long retrospect to-day must bring! The Public Library as a Public Service Institution During these twenty-five years public libra- ries have become a characteristic of American life. In spite of the criticism to which they are subjected, 1 hold 'hat they are a most hopeful sign in a democratic civilization. The public I'.trvice rendered to a community by a library is just the service rendered by books in general to civilization. Civilization, we mu^t never forget, is, if a wonderful complex edifice, likewise a most pre- carious structure. Its complexity can be dimly realized if we take any branch, say, of industrial ai .:, and consider the processes, inventions, human relationships that have been combined to produce and distribute a single article of commerce. And what is true of our industries is true of our fine arts, our military organization, or our religious organization, and of what is even more deeply involved and intricate, our social life. The simi of all these activities called civilization, if complex, is also precarious. Civilization is forever being lost and is forever being renewed. It is the possession of the living who are passing away. If these cannot hand it on to the young who succeed them, civilization sinks, arts and indus- MEMORIALS IS *i tries and social ideals decline. Civilization is the profit-and-loss account of humanity, and is ex- posed to all the vicissitudes of the world's for- tunes. If, as Junius said, "eternal vigilance is the price of liberty," eternal vigilance is the price of civilization — vigilance and memory. Fortunately we kindle willingly the new torches from the old. As men are bound by the impulse of life to continue themselves in children, so they are impelled by the thrust of intellectual life, or industrial life, or religious, or social life, to hand on heir share of civilization to posterity. The simplest form of transmission is by personal example and personal instruction. This is the method familiar to the child in the home, the apprentice in the factory, the recruit in the army. It is a powerful method but limited in its scope. Men have not been satisfied with that direct and personal transmission. Even in the most ancient civilizations, they used writing, and clay tablets recorded and transmit^-" '