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Sermon preached by the Lord Bishop of Algoma, 8th September, 1886. «^ »» g^r^-^siif.air ■i. f^*' ■ Restoalion of Cliufch Unitj I SERMON PREACHED BY THE LORD BTSHOF OF ALOOMA IN CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL MONTREAL, ON THE 8x11 SEPT., 1886, AT THE OPENING SERVICE OF THE I'Jth SESSION OF THE PROVINCIAL SYNOD OP THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN CANADA- " For His Body's sake, which Is His Church."— Col. 11. 24. The immediate context of those words, in which St. Paul declares that ho " fills up what is behind of the afflictions of Christ in His flosh," has fupnished commentators with ample scope for their exegotical ingenuity. I do not propose leading you into the labyrinth of con- troversy which has grown up round it. One doctrine has been extracted from it by a cer- tain school of theologians, which it assuredly does not, and cannot, teach, viz., the co-ordinate efficacy of Christ's sufferings and those of His poople in atoning for human transgression. From any such perversion of the Gospel the Apostle would have shrunk back with instinc- tive abhorrence, as repugnant lo all his feel- ings, as contradicting all his most cherished conceptions of the truth. No; the thought that dominated every other, as he wrote, was a widely different one : it was that of the mys- tical union of Christ with His people, by His secret indwelling, through the operation of the Holy Spirit— He in them, andjthey in Him, by virtue of a piofoundly mysterious, yet pro- foundly real mutual incorporation, binding, nay, as it were, blending them together in a unity and community cf present experience and future prospects, and having for its ulti- mate end their final sanctification. This pur pose, however, cannot be consummated till the Church, collectively, and believers, indivi- dually, have been perfected through suffering, measured out to each according to God's infi- nite knowledge of their several needs. Of this tn^nL saffering, part was already in tie past, while part was yet in the future, and therefore lack- ing. This the Apostle, for h's part, was mak- ing up. Nay; he actually ^^ionod in suffering, because, first, Christ— according to the pro- phots saying, " In all their affliction He was afflicted" — was suffering in fellowship and sympathy with him, and next, not a stroke fell on him that did not, by his patient en- durance, tend to the spiritual growth of the " Body of Christ, which was Ilis Church," because bearing its unanswerable witness to the continuec^ presence in it of its ascended Head. " His Body." Such is Paul's favorite illus- tration of the origin, attributes and functions of the Christian Church. Other similes des- cribe special features. It is a "building," of which Christ is the corner, the Apostles and Prophets the chief foundation stones; a "tem- ple, consecrated by the indwelling of the liv- ing God; a " household," in which God is the common Father, and Christ the elder brother, " the firet-born among many brethren ; " a " field," God's " hiTsbandrv," yielding, alas I both tares and wheat; the *^ Bride " of Christ, wedded to Him in bonds wh5ch even death has no power to dissolve or annul. But to this figure of a " Body," of which Christ is the ** Head," he turns with a special fondness, as at once the truest and most exhaustive. But what, brethren, can I say of this Body which others have not already said, more wisely ? I. Truism though it be, yet prevalent ignor- ance necessitates the frequent statement that it is a spiritual body, and this on various grounds : (1) because not, according to some, the crea- ture of circumstances, nor, as others, the pro- duct of voluntary effort and association, but rather the special creation of that Divine Being through whom the active energy of the God- ' '^' ft head exertH itsolf, ovorywhero, and in all thingB, and who, us tho " Creator Spiritiw," aliko in nature and in grace, evokes oruorfrom chaoH, life from deatti. Hero wo discover the true "/ons e* origo " of the Ciiurch. Next, after that of His Son, this was God's richest gift to His o/eatDies. " He gave some Apostles, and some Prophets, and some Evangelists, and some pastors and teachers, for the perfecting of the Saints, for the work of tho ministry, for the edifying of tho Body of Christ." And still further, this Body is spiritual, because (2) cre- ated for spiritual ends, " that by the Church might be declared the manifold wisdom of ' ," (3) clothed with spiritual powers, for V V • ''.n&o .'".ation of her orders, the protection c\ (.ooiriuo, the regulation of her worship, sir!* '^intonance of her discipline, and all other -^H'^jowf it^ci^bni. to her internal economy; »'a^ -Tit/c with a triple spiritual equipment, th J wniten ;'>rd, the duly ordained ministry, and the i^vo Chris frappointed sacraments; and (5) animated by an indwelling spiritual life, derived direct from its Head — in itself like tho vital principle in the body physical, mysteri- ous and invisible, but known infallibly by its fruits. II. And yet, though spiritual, a Body, hav- ing an objective existence, possessing a corpor- ate life, cariying within it the secret of its own perpetuation. The invisibility of the life that stirred in its members no more forbids its tak- ing a substantial form, than the invisibility of man's soul foibids his being corporeal. Nay, it rather implied and demanded it. Just as the Divine must manifest itself in the flesh be- fore man could apprehend it — ^just as even in a future state of being the spirit will still need a body, though spiritual, as its eternal vestment — so the collective Church, informed as it is by the Holy Spirit, demcnds an outward and vis- ible framework in which to enshrine itself and establish its own identity. III. This Body lives, not merely an a corpor- ate entity, whoHO growth and expAnnion are securely guaranteed through the power of fielf- propagation dologatod to its founders, but in a loftier, profoonder sense, hecauae. in the per- sons of its believing members, Christ, its IToad, lives in it. " Because I live," said Christ, "yo shall live also." This life it is, communi- cated by ''the Lord and Giver of life," that alone quickens dead souls, linking each in vital union with Christ, and constituting it a mem- ber of that mystical Body over which God " gave Him to be the He'xi." Here, brethren, we touch the great foundation fact in the com- plex being of the Church. Forget this, or ignore it, or substitute aught else for it, and even the most intense stir and activity in the Body becomes only the spasmodic movement of a corpse, galvanized into the hideous mimicry of life. IV. Activity will be one of the necessary notes of such a body, nstinct with such life. Here, as elsewhere, life means movement, in- ertia death. The first commission delivered to the Apostles bore this law inscribed in its very forefront. " Go ye " was the imperial mandate of the Head, and, waiting only for the Pente- costal quickening, they went forth on their world-embracing errand, burning with a zeal which knew neither pause nor weariness, con- strained by a love which "waters could not quench, nor the flood drown ; " nay, which flamed forth in brighter efl'ulgence when con- fronted with the agonies of martyrdom. The result we know. The primitive Church found herself face to face with Paganism — in Greece, refined and cultivated ; in Eome, fierce, strong, masterful — and yet within three centuries she had so completely broken its power ad to war- rant Tertullian's proud boast that, though but of yesterday, she had filled their cities, camps, forum, islands, assemblies, leaving them only their temples. Brethren, if the Church of England in Canada deeireo to give infallible proof of her identity M a true member of Chriufa Body, believe me, it 16 on thin pivot, very largely, the proceiM of identitication munt turn. OurH iH an iutenHeiy practical age, which cares nothing for abstract theoriet), but everything for tangible facts, which weighd chuicheH, an all other organiza- tions, in the scales, not of well-balanced argu- ment, but of visible r^ults, and, rightly enough, attaches to lofty claims, by whomso- ever vaunted, a weightier obligation, and a de- mand for better work. The blood of first oen- tury Apostles, Martyrs and Confessors may run in the veins of the body, but *^ noblesse oblige ; " what avails it if, instead of coursing through them in healthful pulsations, thrilling and throbbing from head to foot, it only creeps lazily and languidly, carrying with it, where- ever it goes, the chill as of ioe ? The religious communions of this Dominion are now on their trial, and that Church, I believe, is dciticed (shall I not say, deserves) to occupy the fore- most place which, whether primitive and Apostolic in its organization or not, shows it- self the quickest and wisest in mastering the problems now pressing us so closely, alike in our cities, where thousands perish annnally of drunkenness, impurity and unbelief; our far- stretching prairies, where the lonely emigrant, like David iu the wilderness, yearns, too often vainly, for the courts of the Lord's House ; and the regions yet beyond, where eight hundred millions of heathens are still, in this 19th Cen- tury of Christian light and knowledge, " sit- ting in darkness, and the shadow of death." V. Need I say that Elasticity should be another note of the body of Christ. The Apos- tle's figure suggests this, and furnishes also the necessary limitations. How manifold the move- ments of the human body ; how per eotly it can adopt and accommodate itself to the varying exigencies of the passing hour. Yet it does 6 this only on coriain linoH, and within a certain area, iti* libeity circumHCiibod hy the hano liiio of tho ipinal column. Kvon ho, brethren with the Church and her mothodH. ObHerve, I say, her methods, not her doctr'nea. ThoBo wore definitel}' formulated eighteen centuries since, and call for no ' restateraont.' Here there can be no departure, even by a hair's breadth. No compromise, even of a syllable. But her modes of work; these surely should be variable, elastic, susceptible of adap- tation to her varying needs, whether of time, temperament, or nationality. Tho garment of the child is not. fitted for the man. Neither is tho method of the fourth century suited, neces- sarily, to the nineteenth. What the Chuj-ch to- day needs most urgently, if she would prove herself Catholic as well as Apostolic, is a spirit of conservative flexibility, which, while zeal- ously guarding every essential, onables her to reach out in this direction and in that, as ne- cessity may require — not revising, but at least enlarging and enriching her Prayer-book, and making it the book of her children's understand- ina, no less than of their heart — showing ht/r- self observant of every popular religious move- ment, even tho noisiest and most sensational, and willing to learn any lesson it can teach — quick to appreciate the priceless wealth of energy 'atent in the hearts and wills of the Christian women, and only too glad to provide scope for its exercise — not less jealous than hitherto of the legitimate prerogatives of ber duly ordained ministry, but more ready to ac- knowledge the royal priesthood of her godly laity, and assign them functions somewhat more spiritual than the care of her finance — those are a few among many forms in which the iCiuroh ipiffht well display a judicious flexibil- ,"Tj,''r'V7^at; brethren, shall I say of the mity H^tio^ 'sb^iula inark Chri^ t's body ? In naming ''ftrl kndw'fullw^ll. |'ffi^Sj> seem one of those " who " rush in where ereu angels f) 13 cliannol for (a) the preservation of the truth, and (6) the perpetuation from a^e to ago of the continuous corporate life of the Body of Christ. Here, however, concessions would certainly be demanded by the conscientious scruples of our separated brethren, sufficient to bring the rela- tions of an Episcopal and non-Episcopal minis- try into harmony. ITore, doubtless, would be our most serious difficulty ; but even this need not prove insurmountable, were both to come together filled with an intense longing for the mj^nifested unity of Christ's Body, and pre- pared for its sake to stretch the principles of mutual concession to the utmost limit allowed by truth and conscience. 3. A common basis of public worship would also be necessary. And here, possessed as wo are of our matchless Liturgy, what more would be needed, or, I believe, asked than such an en- richment as I have already hinted at, with some little relaxation of the rigid, cast-iron nile of our "Act of Uniformity?" Let the Church of England, at this point, act upon her own principle, keeping " the mean between the two extremes, of too much stiffness in refusing, and too much easiness in admitting, any varia- tion from it," and this barrier would rapidly disappear before the tide of Liturgical tendency that is setting in in other communions; nay, not tendency only, but actual, appreciative use. Practically, indeed, the principle of Li- turgical worship is almost universally con- ceded, notably so in the Pan-Presbyterian Sy- nod convened in Philadelphia a few years since, when some of its foremost representa- tives frankly advocated its adoption as one of the most effectual means of retaining their younger members within the fold. In close connection with our Liturgical worship, what shall I say of the educational value of the com- memorative system of our Church year ? Sim- ply this — that every cultivated mind, outside 14 the Church of Englaud, as within it, mnst prize it very highly for its manifold uhos, whether the preaorvation, in its juet pi-oportions, of the essential truth on which a reunited Chunh would be securely built ; the prevention of par- tiality and one-sidedness in men's conception of the truth ; or the steady, systematic develop- ment of religious life aLd character. 4, Finally, might not the very breadth and comprehensiveness of our Church commend her highly in the eyes of all who yearn, with loving, longing hearts, for the healing of " the hurt of Zion ? " Into the several causes, his- torical and otherwise, which have led to the existence of various, sometimes widely diverse, if not antagonistic schools of thought in our midst, and so necessitate this breadth, I can- not enter. The ancient maxim, "In necea- sariis Veritas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas," has lost none of its fitneys to the Church's complex life. That Church unchurches herself which shows herself other than uncom- promising in essentials, tolerant in mere matters of opinion. Only in such an attitude can we find the reconciliation of two seeming contra- dictories, the supremacy of truth, and yet the sacredness of private judgment. And now, brethren, of all this what is the final conclusion ? (1.) Seeing :he reproach that the divisions of Christendom bring on the came of Christ the rents they make in His sacj-ed Body— the hindrance they offer to its growth at home and abroad— and the two-edged sword they place in the hands of ungodly men everywhere should we not strive p.ud pray and labor for theii- banishment ? Do not preach a doctrine of despair, and declare it impossible. Do not dismiss it as the phantom of an over-fervid imagination. The thought of it is in the hearts and prayers, and on the tongues of millions. The inspiration of the Holy Ghost has put it there. The time has corne for action. Of sermons, and Synod debates, and platform i 4 16 speeches, we have had enough. And in sach action, who should Uke the iLitiative if not our own Church, from the strong vantage ground of the facilitioe she oflfei*a for such a re- union ? Suppose, for example, a Cc»mmis8ion were appointed, under the authority of our Metropolitan and Provincial Synod, composed of members, lay and clerical, fairly reflecting the average theological tone of the Church, and authorized to make overtures to the repu- tive legislative councils of these Christian com- inunions for the appointment by each of a similar Commission, with a view to prelimin- ary enquiry, say, first, as to the existence of any general desire for such corporate reunion as I have suggested. Surely, in going even so far, our Church would in no way commit her- self—would compromise no principle — nay, rather, would stand vindicated to the inner consciousness of Christians everywhere, as hav- ing discharged, however slowly, Aer responsi- bility for the ans\7er to the prayer, " That they all may be one." (2) But, brethren, before we can coi5>3i8tently ask othei-s to unite with us, let us first become united among ourselves. Like the Corinthian Church, there are divisions among us. Like the Holy City rent asunder by contending fac- tions, even while the legions of imperial Rome were thundering at the gate, demanding her surrender. The peace of our Zion is broken and its beauty marred, and its strength enfee- bled by party cries and watchwords. Too often it is not the sound of holy voices that is heard within our borders, but rather the discord of *' sweet bells jangled and harshly out of tune." Opinions differ, (as they necessarily must), but argument (unnecessarily) deepens into heated debate, and lo I through the door opened by self love, so frequently confounded with love of truth, come trooping in a host of evils — strong language is spoken, woi-ds are misinterpreted. trr\n + iw^^r^ ■.,^:^^ J. 1 A_ ? . _ J /» _ VViOUg Tn nt.iTTAfl tx\jva XJJL 16 Intent miroprosented, liarsh names applied, bit- ter feelings engendered, old friendships broken, the law of charity violated at every step. The world, mejinwhile, looking on ih, not always mute, amazement. Need those things be so, brethren ? 8arely, in a Church like ours, wide and roomy, Ephraim and Judah can dwell side b^ side, without vexing each the other. Those diversities of thought and opinion are simply our several individualities, which, I believe, we shall retain, measurably, oven yonder. 'Sirs, we are brethren ; ' why should we strive to- gether? We are travellers, journeying over the same thorny uphill path — lot us see that we *' full not out by the way.'' We are members of the same sacrod body, and it must not be "wounded" noedlobsly "in the house of its friends." Wo are sons in the same " household of faith," "joint heirs" in the same noble in- heritance, about to kneel at the same holy table and partakr of the same mystical food — let us go thence, brethren, to our deliberations, pledged by silent vow, to walk in love, as Christ also loved us and gave Himself for us. drawing ever nearer and nearer to Him, and so, like the radius of the circle, as they approach the centre. Nearer also to one another, cling- ing, each of us, to his own experience and con- viction of the truth, as God may have revealed it to him, but rejoicing, also, to love and honor as a brother, every man, who, though separ- ated from us by differences of opinion wide as the poles asunder, holds fast with us and to Christ the Head, and already one with Him, invisibly, by the nerve of a living faith hopes hereafter to be one with Him visibly, in eternal manifested union. EEPEINTED FEOM THE -'CHURCH GUARDIAN," Published at Montreal, P.Q., in the interests of The Church of Enjland in Canada. Subscription, strictly in ad- vance, ^1 i Or |i.0O if not so paid. \^ < Orders for any of the following will be re- nd lilled at the olliee of the Church ceived and ii Ouardum, Month RAL Little's Reasons for teing a Chiirchman. One of the most valuable and popular bookn of the day , endorsed by Bishops and Clergy, and already in its 3rd edition. Everyone should read it. Price by mail, $1.10. Conimunion Wine. A rritioal examination of Scripture "Words pnd Historic Testimony, by Eev. K. II. Jewett, S. T. D. 25c. The Gospel and Philosophy. The new book by Rev. Dr. Dix, Trinity Church, New York. 11.50. Prayers for Church Workers. Compiled by Rev. J. D. Cayley, M. A,, Toronto. S2.00 per lOO. The Living Church Annual and Clergy List, including Clergy List of the Church in Canada, issued quarterly by The Young Churchman Co., Milv/aukee. 25c. per annum.