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 32 X 
 
 1 
 
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 6 
 

 
 
' 
 
 (general 3iiea 
 
 bit Tils 
 
 QUALITIES 
 
 it 
 
 PMINCE-T^IDWAMD'ISILANBJ 
 
 ANr> OF 
 
 AN ESTATE 
 
 WHICH IS TO BE SOLD THERE: 
 
 A 1»LAN WHEREOF, AND EVERY OIHER PARTICULAR, IS IM 
 
 THE POSSESSION OF 
 
 SAMUEL CARPENTER TOOKE, Esq. 
 
 WHITEHALL. 
 
 JLonnotit 
 Printed for the Author, 
 
 By J. H. Hart, 23, Warwick-Square, Warwick-Lane. 
 
 1804. 
 
 
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 AifUl«./l=-i.- . !'U.IWMUI illlliW-l 
 
sai 
 
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 PRINCE-ED WARD-ISLAND. 
 
 The landfcape of this island at large, as far as 
 ever I saw it, consists of large level sheets, or 
 gentle slopes and waving risings. No part I 
 have ever observed is too high for corn, or any 
 tiling ; and, for ought 1 could see, the soil is ca- 
 pable of great improvement throughout, even for 
 kitchen-gardens. 
 
 It consists of sand and red clay, it is very 
 deep, and below it has generally red free-stone, 
 with layers here and there of red clay. 
 
 It is of a light warm nature, yielding heavy 
 crops of grasis and corn, under the proper agri- 
 culture. 
 
 A bungler will do little good with it : —he will 
 neither plough it sufficiently to mix intimately the 
 
 A 2 sand 
 

 i 
 
 ! 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 [ 4 ] 
 
 sand and clay : be will not properly manure it ! 
 he will over crop it : and himself, the soil, ancl 
 the crops, will all alike be poor. 
 
 It is of that sort, which needs the alternation 
 of leguminous crops and roots with culmiferous 
 ones ; and in the nature of things cannot fail 
 being well adapted to the meliorating artificial 
 grasses, such as clover, Sec, 
 
 It is very easily laboured. It is also easier 
 by half cleared from being wood-land than any 
 on the continent. If it be let out in good heart, 
 it is apt, upon getting a sward, to run for some- 
 years to white honey-suckle, or white natural 
 clover, ' 
 
 In the lower hollows, between rising grounds, 
 or along the sides of marshes and rivulets, there 
 are stripes and patches of more or less, but i»rely 
 of very considerable extent; the more wet 
 ones of which they call swamps, and the drier 
 ones interval lands ; but in my opinion impro- 
 perly ; for, very fev/ of the moister ones are so 
 very deep or wild as to deserve the name of 
 SWc-mps, and the drier ones of them, though of 
 a stronger quality than the higher grounds, da 
 not appear to be so very rich, as what in America 
 goes under the name of interval grounds, which 
 have been formed from, the sletch of rivers, over. 
 
 flowing 
 
 ') 
 
 '•k'L,. 
 
C ^ 1 
 
 II 
 
 flowing the respective parts, once a year, at the 
 departure '^f tiie snow, and leavini^ that mud, which 
 accumulates in tlie course of years. 
 
 The patches nlkidcd to seom to be wore of tlie 
 nature of moist mciidows, w'.jch bee juie buffici- 
 ently dry and solid wuen cx^msed to the sun, by 
 a removal of tlie t . "s and b.i^hes, and when the 
 run of the rivule. ;, s. nU'h is spread about, ia 
 being, intercepted \,y tie ivees and roots, is led 
 }nto one single chuiuicl afijr being cleared. 
 
 Such moist and stronger spots, seem of course 
 to be more grassy than the higher parts ; they are 
 supposed to be well adapted for timothy-grass, 
 which hkcs strong moist land: these spots are held 
 as being desirable and valuable. 
 
 In such like moist places, and more especially 
 on the borders of rivulets and marshes, there arc 
 parcels of aUar-bii. bes : in other parts of the 
 island that are at a loss for salt marshes, 1 am told 
 of those bushes being pulled up by the roots, and 
 thereafter, they say, there succeeds from year to 
 year a sensible aid of hay, owing to the moisture, 
 or the washing from the higher sloping grounds^ 
 and the occasional overflow of the rivulets. 
 
 , 
 
 In the more moist places of the nature alluded 
 tOj measures should be taken for strewing the 
 
 timothy- 
 
m' ^: 
 
 \ -v^ 
 
 C 6 ] 
 
 timothy-grass seeds as fast as one can prflcccd, in- 
 asmuch asit promises to enhance the quantity ofhay 
 independently of the marshes or of nicer cuhiva- 
 tion. It seems to j>romisc well. 
 
 1 myself have had hay enough from my marshes 
 hitherto and, having muchof other work upon hand, 
 1 did not attend to this object ; but I intended it, 
 and I had so much of this sort about my farm, 
 that I am persuaded it would alone have furnished 
 me with hay enough, independently of the marshes, 
 to say nothing of what I might raise of clover, &c. 
 
 The produce of the soil is exactly or much the 
 same as in England. Spring wheat is the com- 
 mon species of wheat. In my opinion it is the 
 best barley and oat country in North America; 
 I mean that the barley and oats produced under 
 much disadvantage there (such as too rare change 
 and choice of seed) were good, and better than 
 any I have had occasion to observe on that side of 
 the Atlantic. I have often heard others make the 
 same remark. ^■ 
 
 The potatoes, turnips, and other roots, are ex- 
 eellcnt, as are the other articles of the kitchen- 
 garden. 
 
 Cabbages are fine, but are apt to be annoyed by 
 >he grub, owing to the time in which they are 
 
 transplanted : 
 
17] 
 
 transplanted ; but much of this may be eluded, 
 by skillful and attentive cultivators. 
 
 I have seen hops, thrown into the ground about 
 the garden-fences, thrive luxuriantly in defiance of 
 all farther neglect. The wild strawberry is na- 
 tural to the country, as also quantities of raspber- 
 ries, equal in flavour, 1 think, to the cultivated 
 ones. They are fond of starting up in parts where 
 the wood has been cut down, but the soil little cul- 
 tivated afterwards. 
 
 Currants arc very fine, and may be cultivated 
 in any iquantity in a garden ; also no doubt goose- 
 berries. I have often been surprized with finding 
 currant and gooseberry bushes in the woods, 
 and chiefly in those parts which I have men- 
 tioned as being called swamps or intervals; 
 but they had no fruit, nor did they seem to be but 
 in few such places. In some open parts, in the 
 extremity of the woods, near the sea, I have 
 seen gooseberry-bushes with fruit little larger than 
 a pea. 
 
 Apple-trees have a good deal to encounter from 
 
 the incidents of the weather, until they grow to 
 
 be strong; but, though many should misgive, the 
 
 experience of the common accidents and attention 
 
 would enable to rear up a sufficient number, and 
 
 then they are good enough. 
 
 The 
 
\ I 
 
 i;'--^^'" 
 
 
 t ' 1 
 
 The people of the ishincl have irtadc \chs (igurd 
 iu "•ardculnGf than in any thing, owinfr to the 
 scarcity of hands, and the hurry of ci<:aring ^nd 
 of work. Those who do any thing in that way 
 confine themselves to a few kitchen-garden articles, 
 and a great many are contented with the potatoes 
 and turnips of the fields. 
 
 Pumpkins grow large. — Good cucumbers. --* 
 Asparagus to the few who have attended 
 thereto. 1 have seen good melons, with having 
 had slender justice in raising them. 
 
 The climate is as healthy as perhaps any in the 
 world. Of about 300 persons, of all ages and sexeg^ 
 1 sent there in 1772, (many of them beyond the 
 middle period of life, and some even old,) I do not 
 think, that, between accidents and natural deathj 
 twenty of them were missing at the end of twen- 
 ty years, nor that twenty more had any sickness 
 whatever. 
 
 The summer and autumn are better seasons than 
 the like are in England. And though a considerable 
 part of the winter is much colder in degree than it 
 is in England, I do not think it upon the whole, by 
 any means, So disagreeable as an English winter, 
 and I think it infinitely more healthy. The cold 
 there is dry and elastic, it tends to give vigour ; 
 
 I 
 
C 9 ] 
 
 gur(Ji 
 
 I the 
 
 tind 
 
 way 
 
 atocs 
 
 •g. — 
 inded 
 aving 
 
 n the 
 
 id the 
 :lo not 
 death, 
 twen- 
 ckness 
 
 IS than 
 lerable 
 than it 
 ole, by- 
 winter, 
 be cold 
 'igour ; 
 in 
 
 } 
 
 in England, it is so moist, as to resemble being 
 immersed in water. 
 
 The ffreat bulk of the wood of the Island con-, 
 sisls of beech, mixed with much fewer quantities 
 of black and white birch^ mapii', spruces, and 
 some pines. In general it is j. continued forest, 
 but in many parts it has been over-run with ac- 
 cidental firt^, which leaves the land clear, except- 
 ing as far as the younger growth of v/ood has ac- 
 crued. Even the forest- parts are easier cleared 
 than any I have seen elsewhere. 
 
 On the surface there are very few stones. There 
 is an uncommon sameness in the quality of the soil, 
 the variation consisting in the degree of lightness; 
 this being the case, the distinguishing critcrions 
 ^re the having more or less marsh annexed, in view 
 of an immediate stock of cattle, the proximity of 
 convenient navigation, and of market ; where 
 these concur, with a place already disencumbered 
 of heavy wood, and easily reduced into fields, the 
 settler has only in the first place to eicct his stead- 
 ing of houses, and to proceed upon the best plan 
 which his knowledge of agriculture, applied judi- 
 ciously to his judgement of the spot, may, in 
 combination with his means, point out. 
 
 In respect to the estate, (Lots 35 and 36, both 
 making 40,000 acres,) which the plan exhibits, 
 
 B I 
 
 'il 
 

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 *, '* > " 
 
 ^^ -^ 
 
 h:^:. 
 
 [ 10 J 
 
 I will only say what I myself do neither know 
 nor believe to be otherwise, and wliat I have heard 
 universally asserted, but never doubted norcortra- 
 dictcd, viz. that tliis estate has more salt nu\rsh 
 upon it than any other in the inland. 
 
 In this respect it is commonly mentioned, with 
 the expression of enviable eminence, and the own- 
 erliasbeen times innumerable sometimes cordially, 
 sometimes enviously, complimented with the as- 
 sertion, of 'ts being incomparably above any thing, 
 that even so line a country as the island affords ; 
 some culling it the marrow thereof'. 
 
 The soil, indeed, where it has had any justice 
 done to it, has invariably produced remarkably 
 well; but I do not think that it has any, or auy 
 remarkable, preference in the point of the natural 
 quality of the soil, over the general run of the 
 island at large ; but! am inclined to think, that the 
 difference of excellency in favour of this estate is 
 chicfiy owing to the touie ensemble of its situa- 
 tion, accommodation, and perquisites, joined to 
 what Ikis been done upon it, the examples and 
 the proper application of which render even those 
 advanrages, which are still in the womb of time, 
 to be far m,ore visible, and ten times more easily 
 realized, than all the similar good, which lies as 
 y^t but deeply buried in the other estates. 
 
 The 
 
 \ 
 
! 
 
 [ U ] 
 
 The salt marshes, iiukfd, arc considerod hi- 
 therto to be cnc of the chief critcrions in deciding 
 the dilTerence of ihc va!:ie of townsliips : tiiis 
 enables the settler to kcvp in the very outset more 
 or less stock, which even in tlie points of rural 
 snbsistance and cunifnrt is of hi,i2;h importance. 
 And at the firsi, as well as afterwards, tlie marsh 
 furriisiies oreat aids to bringing the uplands into 
 order, and keeping them in order, by the dung 
 of cattle, which, in proper hands, mny enhance 
 the quantity of manure by roUing other raw ma- 
 terials or trumpery (of which there is a great 
 deahl in compost dunghills. Thus at any rate 
 will the duno- of stock, obtained by the marslies, 
 continue to be of the utmost consequence until 
 the respective settlers can make way for the 
 introduction of lime; Insomuch, that there ap- 
 pears to me to be a ditference of twenty years in 
 the progress of lands having marsh, and those 
 which have none ; consequently, a proportionate 
 difference in the expense and profit3. 
 
 The 
 
 The other points commonly forming a difference 
 are the pleasantness of situation, the facility of in- 
 tercourse with the other inhabited parts by good 
 roads and water-carriage, and consequently with 
 the best markets and places of embarkation in the 
 island ; and the facility of working the soil ; in 
 all which points, the estate in question has upon 
 the whole confessedly no rival in any degree. And 
 
 B 9 what 
 
 / 
 
 ■^1 
 

 r " ] 
 
 what i^nves a preference to the whole redounds pror 
 portionately to the parts. 
 
 The salt marshes arc flats of different extent, 
 lying along the sides (chiefly the windings and 
 recesses) of rivers, bays, or creeks, overflowed in 
 stormy weather, or by liigher tides, and at any 
 rate by spring-tides. They have originally been 
 banks of river or sea sletch, from which the ordi, 
 nary heigLth of the water has in the course of 
 time retired : or they have been flats of land, lying 
 so low as to be occasionally overflowed by any ex-? 
 traordinary rising of the water; and I suppose 
 their respective difference of quality may depend 
 much upon which of these ways they have been 
 formed. 
 
 In their natural state they produce coarse hay, 
 which is of better or worse quality, and more or 
 less luxuriant, according to the quality in the sub- 
 stance of th'^ marsh. This hay is fit to support 
 neat cattle in winter ; but only the best sorts of it 
 are fit for working cattle, horses, and sheep. 
 
 Being so frequently overflowed, the marshes, 
 •xcepting the higher or more eminent spots of 
 them, are generally wet, or somewhat approach- 
 ing to swampiness ; consequently, liable to be 
 poached and injured by cattle being permitted tp 
 \\ralk or pasture on them, unless the tides are 
 
 banked 
 
c 
 
 3 
 
 banked out from them. Where they have before 
 been poached, the same is cured by banking out 
 the tides. 
 
 The banking out of the tides (with small col- 
 lateral drains, a fid cross drains running into a 
 larger one for drawing off all the superficial 
 water,) is the first step for improving marshes. 
 In this cuHc, tliey are in other countries even 
 ploughed, and, in mixed seasons of wet and dry, 
 they yield heavy crops of grain without manure, 
 the soli being very rich. 
 
 But, however it may be in countries ha- 
 ving prodigious and continued tracts of such 
 marshes, (as in Flanders,) and no uplands con- 
 veniently at hand, yet in this island, having only 
 jnoderate spots of marsh where there is the most, 
 and having plenty of easily -laboured uplands at 
 hand, I would be more inclined to apply for grain 
 to the uplands, leaving the marshes for hay, in 
 order to winter cattle for making dung for the 
 purpose of rotting all other adventitious materials 
 into as much of compost dunghills as possible ; 
 and also in order to enrich good spots in summer 
 by pens of large cattle and sheep, and the stuff 
 even of pigs and poultry, and in short with every 
 thing one could la} L'is hands upon. 
 
 1 
 
ii 
 
 [ u ] 
 
 I should also be apt to suppose, thr.t, nccortl'mg; 
 to the incidental excesses of any particular season 
 in the points of wet or dry, ploughed marsh lielcls 
 would either be too plashy or too hard ; wiiereas 
 the uplands are very pleasantly laboured there ; 
 with the proportionate supply of manure, and tiic 
 proper variation of culmiferous and leguminous 
 crops and meliorating grasses, th.e uplands will 
 yield all those articles ecpially well as the marshes. 
 
 When by the advantage of a marsh one has 
 made an upland farm, 1 do not see why that up- 
 land farm may not be kept so as to support itself 
 ever after in good heart, if the owner is a proper 
 farmer, and if, instead of over croping, he makes 
 as much manure as possible, and alternates the 
 species of crops. 
 
 Thus he may proceed to enlarge his farm as far 
 as may be suitable to his compass, or he may gra- 
 dually make another farm, as there is land in abun- 
 dance ; whilst, after having finished and com- 
 pleted one farm, the marsh may be employed in 
 finishing and completing another, and so forth. 
 
 On the other hand, the unskilful or idle flu'mer, 
 as is too much the case with those there, instead 
 of applying to compost dunghills, will be content 
 with carrying out the green dung, without giving 
 an opportunity for the seeds of weeds to rot. 
 
 He 
 
 ) 
 
 ■ 
 
 I 
 
 liWiWm 
 
[ 15 ] 
 
 He will then over crop with corn, until the land 
 will give no more, and is scarcely to be recruited ; 
 then he will leave that spot to be covered with 
 weeds, and take up another to maltreat it in a 
 similar manner ; and after years he must be a« 
 poor as in ihe outset. 
 
 has 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 V/hh banking ajid draining, the marshes accord- 
 ing to their quality are expected to yield two or 
 three or four times the former quantity of hay, 
 and that too of better quality ; besides the conve- 
 jiience of the hay-makers not being interrupted in 
 tlieir season and v^ork, nor the hay itself carried 
 off in the time of making, nor injured by the tides, 
 that the effect of the former poaching of cattle va- 
 nishes, and that cattle may safely be admitted 
 thenceforth on them, to eat up the proportionate 
 quantity of after-grass, with which they must 
 quickly fatten, and acquire sound flesh for the 
 winter. 
 
 After this banking and draining, the greatest, 
 cheapest, and most profitable, farther improve- 
 ment of the marshes, that I have understood, is 
 by sovving them with txinotliy-grass. 
 
 This species of grass is, I believe, more used 
 in America than in England. It is about the 
 coarseness of rye grass. It loses Itttle of its origi- 
 j|)al bulk in drying ; wlien made before tlie full 
 
 process 
 
C 16 ] 
 
 {irocess of ripening its seed, and without rain, it 
 is almost as green and palatable as on its foot. It 
 requires strong moist soil, and in such soil it does 
 not vanish for many years, like other sown grasses : 
 to dry and light soil it is as exhausting as cul* 
 miferous crops, and vanishes as soon as it exhausts 
 the land. It is hearty and agreeable forage for all 
 sorts of cattle. 
 
 I am told that timothy In two or three years 
 banishes, and takes place of the former sort of 
 grass on the marshes, and that it yields prodigious 
 crops. 
 
 Of this we have an instance which Is much ad- 
 mired and spoken of there, in the economy of 
 Mr. Judge Robinson, a loyalist from Carolina, 
 who had on his farm a small patch of marsh of the 
 sort which is deemed the very worst there. In its 
 natural state it gave only two tons of the worst 
 marsh-hay, which is called red-grass there. 
 
 He had banked out the tide in summer, and irt 
 the end of the following winter sprinkled a suffi- 
 cient quantity of timothy-seed on the surface of 
 the snow, after the snow had begun to melt 
 away. 
 
 In two years the timothy-grass stooled or tillered, 
 banishing the former species of what they call red- 
 grass ; 
 
 ) 
 
in, li 
 t. It 
 t does 
 asses : 
 
 5 Cul* 
 
 lausts 
 for all 
 
 years 
 art of 
 
 isjious 
 
 ch ad- 
 i\y of 
 rolina, 
 of the 
 In its 
 worst 
 
 and in 
 
 I Sllffi- 
 
 ^ace of 
 ) melt 
 
 r 17 1 
 
 grass ; and in the ten years, up to the time of my 
 leaving the ishind two years ago, he had annually 
 cut sixteen tons of fine timothy hay, where he 
 had formerly only two tons of the worst ma-h 
 hay, which was an eight-fold increase ; I myself 
 indued did not see it, having never been upon 
 that farm ; but I had it from Judge Ivobinson's 
 own mouth more than once ; 1 had it from ^t 
 least a hundred of the country people, who were 
 perfectly well acquainted therewith. It is a noto- 
 rious thing in the country ; and Mr. Tooke may 
 remember that a gentleman now in London con- 
 firmed it in his own presence, as being known to 
 himself. 
 
 Since I had returned to the island ten years 
 ago, 1 had been anxious to bank those marslies ; 
 but, as I had hay enough for my stock from the 
 actual marshes, I was more anxious to make my 
 upland farm, and erect my steading of houses ni 
 the part my family now lives in; because, though 
 then only a piece of wild land, it was in a situa- 
 tion so centrical to the general estate, that the set- 
 tlers from all the parts of it could soon come to 
 me; and, after doing their business, return home 
 without losing time. 
 
 illered, 
 dl red- 
 grass ; 
 
 Afl^r mnking this farm, and rendering myself 
 comfortable at home, (about fifteen months before 
 I cam© away,) I resolved to begin the banking ot 
 
 c every 
 
mi ' 
 
 [ 18 1 
 
 every foot of marsh any where upon the whole 
 estate, and to continue it fur a cmirse of years at 
 the rate of executing a certain piece annually, un- 
 til it should be all completed. 
 
 After it should he so executed, drained, and 
 sowed with timothy, I did not see why 1 should 
 not reckon upon Judge Robinson's increase at the 
 least; because, whilst the inferior patches of de- 
 tached marsh are no where worse than his was ori- 
 ginally, the great bulk and particularly the four 
 principal marshes were of far superior quality upon 
 the whole. Thus I pleased myself with the pros- 
 pect of having at least four thousand tons of timo- 
 thy marsh hay, which, with the proportionate 
 quantities of upland hay increasing every year, 
 would enable me to accomplish any object with 
 such extent of upland. 
 
 For the sake of supporting stocks of cattle for 
 domestic use, and to raise dung for improving the 
 uplands, hay is in constant demand there, and 
 commands ev^^ry thing, Whoever has hay in 
 plenty can get settlers for the uplands, and pro- 
 cure labourers-; at least so it has been hitherto, 
 and the more settlers come to the island, the more 
 hay seems to be in demand ; those who settle in 
 the woods, so as not to have quantities of hay to 
 their vviihes, will do any thing to procure hay. 
 
 Hav 
 
C 19 ] 
 
 Hay has sold at so much p(tr ton on riie foot, 
 the buyer hhnself making it; or he will mi-:.; and 
 stack, one ion for the landlord, for leave to make 
 another for himself; this they call making it at 
 the half, and this is the way in which lie w^ho has 
 more hay than he wants or can manage Ims inva- 
 riably (up to the time of my departure) trot un- 
 dyiicd marsh hay made ; and tliere was always ^ 
 competition amon^ the people for obtaining it. It 
 was the way in which I made my hay, and I gave 
 the prcfei^nce to those who were most obliging 
 to myself in other respects. 
 
 When I was scarce of upland hay, I made it all 
 myself by labourers. After I got more than I 
 wanted, 1 allowed a third part for delivering two 
 thirds in the stack to me. As upland hay is easier 
 macle than undyked marsh hay, there was always 
 a strong competition for preference in obtaining it, 
 which seems likely to increase as the country ad- 
 vances in population. 
 
 The price of undyked marsh hay, in the stack, 
 upon the marsh, has always been {until I came 
 away) thirty shillings per ton, and more in pro- 
 portion to the distance, if carried by the seller. 
 Upland hay, according ".he general quantity and 
 time of the season, from fifty shillings to four 
 pounds. 
 
 c 2 
 
 Of 
 
•f > 
 
 £*« 
 
 
 [ 20 J 
 
 Of course, unclykcd hay, sold on the foot, and to 
 be in'dc at tiic biiycr\s expense, is worth half tlic 
 price it ;;ives in the stack '.ipon the marsh, viz. 
 fntcen shillings. 
 
 Since I had dyked marsli luiy, Avhich is only 
 since coniini^ to England, 1 instructed the manager 
 of my farm to give it out to be made at a third 
 part only to the maker, and two third parts to me, 
 in the manner of u])!ard hay, and the reason is 
 that after dykiiig it is easier made than even up- 
 land hay ; ac-ordingly, supposing the dyked 
 marsh hay to be no better in quality than the un- 
 dykcd Iiay, the ton would be worth twenty shiU 
 lings to the owner, clear of all expense ; but the 
 dyked ^unothy is in my estimate equal to any up- 
 land hay. 
 
 This shews the value of dyked marsh ; indeed, 
 a marsh for bankins: or dvkinir seems to be a trea- 
 sa;c there, which tends to be the more valuable, 
 if we may judge from the past, the more popula- 
 tion there is for the improvement of the uplands. 
 
 Judge Robinson's experiment is extremely en- 
 couraging, though it was the worst species of 
 rnarsh : the increase is prodigious, being no less. 
 t'lan eight times the original quantity, and at the 
 same time of ten times betti^r quality. I cannot 
 possibly see a cause for doubftng that it vyould be 
 
 at 
 
C 21 ] 
 
 at least equal in better mar«hefi, and iiTilced oTcater 
 in propoitioM. What can raiionally be objected to 
 the idea ? 
 
 The pl:ui 1 hiid down for banking was to com- 
 mence at the cast side ••'.' the estate, on tlie north 
 side of miloboiouoh-nver, and proceed down the 
 stream to the west on the same side, and then go 
 to the other side of the river, leaving nothing un- 
 done, and proceedin;^ al tl.e rate of an entire piece 
 ^very sainmer unul the end, 
 
 In order to omit nothing, I made it a point that 
 whatever parts of the fronts of the tenants had 
 any marsh, shoukl be banked, as it woukl turn 
 out much to their benefit. To rouse them to it, 
 I remitted that year's rent to those wliose part was 
 banked, and I advanced whatever any of them 
 had not for the expense, until they should repay 
 nie. 
 
 The first year's piece was finished in ISOl, jnst 
 before liay time, and two of the tenants, 
 whose fronts were inckided, declared to me before 
 my departure, (in autumn,) that even without re- 
 gard to any future increase of quantity, or ame- 
 lioration of quality, tlicy thought it well worth 
 the expense, on the sole score of making the hay 
 without interruption to themselves from the tides, 
 
 pr injury to the hayH 
 
 The 
 
, 
 
 ■ its 
 
 m 
 
 [ 22 ] 
 
 The second ycar*s piece lias ht^cn banked si .je 
 my dcpaitiirc, and I li.ive been told tVoin lb* nee, 
 that people are quite ehited at seeing*; it goni/^ on, 
 and inrii^inc tlicy have, even in tiiis .short space, 
 observed a sensible increase of (iuantity, and were 
 preparing to lay down with tiniotiiy. 
 
 I have not as yet understood what lias been 
 done since, though as it was known to be my 
 wish to continue it annually, 1 rather think they 
 in ay have gone on. 
 
 In many marshes in all countries there arc soft 
 muddy parts at the edge of the common -tides, 
 which are not properly pai ts of the marsh, as tl'^ey 
 are too soft to be walked upon ; but still there 
 grows a sort of grass on them, of vvliich cattle, 
 when it can be got, are fond, and it is said to be 
 wholesome. The banks must be made on the 
 solid marsh within flicse soft parts ; but at the 
 same time the banks will be of use in recoverincc 
 and drying some portions of this grass ; nor do I 
 see w^hy sucl.^ places, where they may be met with, 
 may not be hy^'it -aore dry and hard in the course 
 of time, and the river encroached upon by con-- 
 trivances used in some parts of tngland for the 
 purpose. 
 
 ) 
 
 I have mentionied tenants. It was necessary 
 both in compliance with the grants, and for com- 
 
 menrinrr 
 o 
 
 ^SS^^smwsmmm 
 
 iW/te^wSw 
 
 W^'fiki.l*.-\=^-.'--;--f'^?tV^n:,5 '■ -T -j.vi:-k^-^:^^mmU-t^ '-M'hM^l^^^ ■M^^i^mrj^-^^rfm^sF^~-iais>fv:fT:r-'^.'.--yrt7 
 
' 
 
 [ 2J ] 
 
 mcnclnga popukitlon upon the estate, to settle a cer- 
 tain niiuibev of people ; so that it is not a wilder- 
 ness. The country is also settled in a similar 
 manner below and above. 
 
 The farms and extent of the same, as well as 
 the situations, are as exactly or nearly marked on 
 the plan, (which is a copy of that made by the 
 king's surveyor,) as I can give it under my pre- 
 sent circtunstances. The tenure is for 999 years 
 at a rent rising gradually, and soon to arrive at 50 
 shillings for 60 acres ; they are moreover to pay 
 the quit-rent of their own portions each, and to 
 grind their grain, the local produce which they 
 grind on the island, at my mill. There are other 
 conditions tending to utility of regulation. 
 
 Their places arc only such as I chose to part 
 with, and allot for the mentioned puipose, after 
 striking off what in my mind would make good 
 estates for ea«h of my children : for, I reflected 
 that 1 would be subject to just blame, if, having 
 the incomparably best situations in me island, 1 
 did not reserve tliem for my own family. 
 
 It was in this mind I set down tlie foundation of 
 a population in differert puts of the esiatc, re- 
 serving the other parts, [laving done this, and 
 consideriiifr the mentioned views in behalt of my 
 children, 1 meant ta take no luoie trouble about 
 
II )' 
 
 C 2t J 
 
 settlers, but to leave tliat task to the cliildreri 
 themselves as they sliall see fit, and for my own 
 part to attend to the internal improvement for the 
 rest of my life. 
 
 I was too passionately fond of the estate to part 
 with it. It is only of late that I have taken up 
 that thouofht : a severe illness and no full recovery 
 reminding me of being far in years, and now unfit 
 for active life. 
 
 Ill 
 
 I'-t 
 
 Having never, unJ' within ten months, enter* 
 taincd a thought of parting with a foot of it, I 
 had never made those surveys and preparations, 
 which, however usual and necessary here, are not 
 so much so there. If it will satisfy, that I will 
 give security tor the titles to be described, until I 
 get to the spot for delivering them ; and if the best 
 idea I can give from memory will be taken res- 
 pecting poii'it^i which I cannot ascertain exactly 
 here ; and if the expression of my judgement will 
 be taken as matter of opinion, not to be subjected 
 afterwards to questions of difference; we may go 
 on with the transaction, and finish it for once and 
 for ever ; otherwise it may be let alone. 
 
 I have long in my own intention apportioned this 
 estate in four shares, correspondent to the number 
 of my sons, who are still very young. 
 
 Though 
 
 i 
 
 WVs* 
 
go 
 
 ( 
 
 i ^ ^ 
 
 *rhouo-Ii diversified in circunistanees, I deem 
 those shares to be upon the whole in the propor- 
 tion of their price in point of value. 1 do not 
 make the division according to the number of 
 acres ; for, I do not know the number in any one 
 of them; nor do I suppose any such difTcrcnce 
 to be worth a thought. The whole estate is to be 
 sure a noble subject in the hands of one man ; 
 but, for a Ions: time such one w^ould be under a 
 necessity of permitting several advantages to slip 
 through their fingers : and any one of the shares 
 is enough for the compass of any one man ; and 
 any one of the shares tends to be in proportion 
 more advantageous as a fourth, dian thewhole would 
 be as a whole. Leaving then the estimate of the 
 number of acres in each to the plan and to the 
 curiosity or judgement of any concerned, I throw 
 the same out of 'he question, estimating as nearly 
 as my judgement admits their circumstances. 
 
 Upon the point of surveying or estimating the 
 number of acres in any given space of land, I 
 have remarked that I cannot offer to do it without 
 tunning too great a risk of misleading. 
 
 In the very mountainous parts of Scotland I 
 lived in thirty-three years ago, there was then no 
 land surveyed, nor was it by the number of acres 
 the land was valued ; nor do I know thai it is 
 cv:stomary since to survey land there ; accordingly, 
 
 D I 
 
 II 
 
I; 
 
 C 2S^ 1 
 
 I could not ill my younger days have acquired 
 any habits of estimating the survey of lands ; be- 
 sides, thfi Scots and Englisii acre differs materially. 
 
 In the colonies, the kini/s surveyor-general of 
 land is the proper officer for ascertaining the boun- 
 daries of townships, according to the original sur- 
 vey, and his ascertainment thereof has the force 
 of a legal judgement ; but, as the king's surveyor 
 in the island has always been indolent and now 
 an old man, he has seldom or never surveyed for 
 private persons, and we have never chosen to em- 
 ploy the chance ones who came from time to time 
 in the way ; therefore, I have no habit of estima- 
 ting by the eye with exactness to be depended 
 upon, without risking to be considerably above or 
 below, especially in respect to marsh grounds, 
 which are irregular in their figure and deceptions 
 from being quite level ; therefore I leave the ex- 
 tent and distances to be estimated by the plan and 
 scale, particularly as it is not so much to the num- 
 ber of acres I attach importance, as to the cir- 
 cumstances of situation and the having marsh ca- 
 pable of dyking and improvement, which will 
 bring the uplands into value upon an adapted 
 plan. 
 
 The first portion t appoint, ! call the Johnson 
 River, and Glcnfinnen (formerly Saw-Mill) River 
 share, being numbered 1. It is the west part of 
 
 Lot 
 
 lij 
 
 V^ 
 
C 27 ] 
 
 Lot 35, lying south of Hillsborough Paver. If 
 the purchaser attaches much consequence to i\ 
 difference of the number of acres, he may endea- 
 vour to es'.imate the same, in prjportiou to the 
 whole lot by the plan and the scale. 
 
 On the north the plan will shew it to have 
 Hillsboroacrh River. On the south it goes as far 
 as the lot unto the line of a part of Lot 48, which 
 I believe to be the lot that stretches behind it oil 
 the south. On the west it has the correspond- 
 inr part of the east division line of Lot 48. On 
 the east it would have the exact division line with 
 l^ot 36, but that, if 1 remember well, the west 
 boundary line of the farm, leased for 999 years, 
 which is next to it, and chiefly on Lot 36, 
 stretches three or four chains beyond the division 
 fine, upon the portion in question, which was 
 unavoidable in order to give that farm a tolerable 
 front, or breadth. 
 
 I believe it to be universally allowed, and I 
 myself am clearly of opinion, that, excepting 
 some similar situations on the estate at large, this 
 portion has not only one but many : as many as 
 there Is space for farms, of the best situations in 
 the whole island, Isr, In the point of pleasant- 
 ness and chearfulness. — 9d, In ')oint of situation 
 and navigation, as Charlotte-T'>wn is only about 
 si:v miles below it on the river, so that a boat 
 
 d2 may 
 
[ 28 ] 
 
 W 
 
 may go and return in a trifle of time : a large 
 ship will go up the river many miles above 
 it, and the river discharges itself in the channel 
 on the south side betv^^een the island and Nova- 
 Scotia. There are only six or eight miles to go up 
 the river to the portage-road on Lot 36 ; and by that 
 road of only tvv^o miles and a quarter, you carry 
 any thing to Bedford-Bay, open to the north side 
 of the island, and the gulf of Saint Lawrence. 
 — 3d, In point of facility of clearing and employing 
 the plough without delay, as the wood is light and 
 it is in many parts aire uly so clear as to be easily 
 arranged and reduced to fields. — 4<th, The consi- 
 derable quantity and convenient distribution of 
 marsh hay, which has since the original settle- 
 ment o-reatly ".ided the stock of all the vicinity; 
 and no cV^nbt ni^M i be exceedingly increased 
 by dyking. — 1 deck re, I believe in my own 
 mind, tip/ tv. e. ty hts nod more, of 20,000 acres 
 each, migiit be f(aind in the island, which have 
 not among them all as much hay as this one por- 
 tion. — So full were my ideas of this place, that 
 (excepting the three or four chains for the sake 
 of a front to the farm at the division-line as above) 
 I would not lease an acre of this portion to set- 
 tlers for 999 years, but reserve it all for the set- 
 tlement of one or more of my own children, 
 placing only four persons upon certain parts of it, 
 upon a lease only up to the period when my 
 Younger childreft might arrive at the age of choo- 
 
 jiing 
 
 \l ! 
 
 V-. 
 
C 29 ] 
 
 sing for themselves ; and tliat by way of keeping 
 the S3at cr possebsioii in the mean time. 
 
 In order to ;;"ive a more distinct general idea of 
 it, I will lii." iUon the whole portion in three sepa-- 
 rate Dart?, viz. the eastern part, or that which 
 lies betw'^Cii the west line of the farm on the divi- 
 sion-line with Lot 36, and Glenfinnen or Saw-Mill 
 River, and back to the rear of the lot. — 2d, The 
 peninsula of Johnson River, which lies between 
 the west'sidc of Glenfinnen or Saw-Mill River, and 
 the east side of Johnson River. — 3d, That which 
 lies on the west side of Johnson River, to the di- 
 vision-line of Lot 48. 
 
 The scale and the plan is the only way for esti* 
 mating the quantity of land in each of these three 
 portions, that is in my power to refer to. Glen- 
 finnen or Saw-Mill River has very pretty marshes 
 on its east side, a*t chcd to the first portion, and 
 it has also some smaller marshes on the west side 
 of that river belonging to the second portion. 
 The whole, if banked or dyked and improved, 
 would be very advantageous, particularly if the 
 bank was thrown across the mouth of the river as 
 it falls into Hillsborough, which would much en- 
 large the area. 
 
 The Glenfinnen or Saw-Mill River goes a con- 
 siderable way back until it becomes fresh, and at 
 
 the 
 
 
C 30 ] 
 
 the bead of it there were one or two iiiills, tlie 
 dam of which and the stones were standi. ig" wiiea 
 the ishmd tirst began to be settled, but the one 
 was broke up, and the others cai'ncd away by 
 the first unruly inhabitants, There arc veaiiges 
 of a farm and houses above the mill. On the 
 £umiuit of a rising ground there is a pond, on' 
 which, at times there are wild geese and dncks. 
 It is formed from springs rising from the buttom* 
 and might be stored with trout. There is irout 
 in the river, 1 have been told, particuUu-ly about 
 the niiH, wliere the water becomes fresh. 
 
 On the plan, I have drawn a cross-Hne cast and 
 west below where 1 think the mills were ; it may 
 not be exact, but it is intended to be as much as 
 I can make it, and it may suffice for a general 
 idea, which is all that is wanted. 
 
 All the large tract, as may be estimated from 
 tlie plan, below the mentioned line to Hills- 
 borough River, and between the boundary of the 
 farm on the division-line with Lot 36 on the east, 
 and Glenfmnen or Saw-Mill Hiver on the west j 
 I say, all this considerable tract goQS now by tU? 
 name of Glen finnen -farm, though it seems capa- 
 ble of making three or four moderate farms. Th§ 
 marshes of the east side of Glenfinncn or Saw-^ 
 Mill River are attached to it» 
 
 For 
 
 ,f, 1, 
 
C 31 j - 
 
 For the sake of having this farm, or rather dis- 
 trict, inhabited, I gave it in lease to Mr. John 
 Stewart for (if I remember well) twenty-five 
 years, from JMny 1796 or 1797, at twenty-five 
 pounds per annum. The farm had been possessed 
 for many years before, and it was intending to 
 have it farther improved that I gave the lease, un- 
 til such period that 1 expected the one of my 
 children, tor whom the portion in question was 
 intended, should be of the fall arre fit for under- 
 taking the management of lands. I need not say, 
 the rent is very low and inadequate, as the view 
 was not altogether rent. It is far from being im- 
 probable that this tenant would relinquish it upon 
 a reasonable compensation, or for even a smaller 
 portion of the same land and rent, provided he 
 does not take it into his head that the relinquish- 
 ment is eagerly desired, and will be purchased 
 at any price. The lease is a tight one, wherein 
 improper cropping, particularly towards the expi- 
 ration of the lease, is endeavoured to be guarded 
 against. 
 
 There appeared to me to be situations for one 
 or more farms beyond this farm to the south, par- 
 ticularly about the head of the river and mill-dam, 
 which may be judged from the plan. There 
 ar6 also patches of marsh thereabouts on the 
 west side of the river. 
 
 Second 
 
[ 32 ] 
 
 Second part of the first portion, or of No. I- 
 viz. the peninsula of Johnson River. 
 
 This second part is bounded on the east by 
 Glenfinnen or Saw-Mill River, on the north by 
 Hillsborough River, on the west by Johnson Ri- 
 ver, on the south by the south part tf the rear 
 division-line with Lot 48. 
 
 Along the east side of this peninsula, along 
 Glenfinnen or Saw-Mill River, there are here and 
 there pretty patches of marsh. From the mouth 
 of Saw-Mill River, around the point washed by 
 Hillsborough River^ there is a good border of 
 marsh, which seems to be of that sort which was 
 banked and rendered so productive by Judge Ro- 
 binson, and therefore inferior in the quality of 
 its present species of grass to the other sorts. On 
 the west side, and in a bend of the peninsula, 
 v^rashcd by Johnson River, there is a respectable 
 marsh, above which, and along Johnson River 
 there are some good patches of marsh ; and upon a 
 view of these parts it has struck me, that skill and 
 industry might, in the ways used in England, 
 make or recover and gain from the side of John- 
 son River some pieces of marsh. 
 
 Above these marshes, a great way up the river, 
 is the gullet of Johnson River, by which the tide 
 o-oes up to the great Johnson River marsh, and 
 
 ^ ^ falb 
 
 iiii 
 
[ 33 ] 
 
 falls back again along with whatever fresh water 
 there is in the creeks of the marsh, which water 
 tnakes a very slender figure in this gullet, when 
 the tide is out; 
 
 Above the gullet, Johnson River great marsh, as 
 it is called, spreads a considerable distance, which 
 I have been weaned in walking east, south, and 
 west. 
 
 This marsh upon the whole, in point of extent, 
 quantity, and quality, has always been spoken of 
 as being among the first, if not the very first, in 
 the island. For my own part, I know none in the 
 other townships, that in my own estimate is fit 
 to compete, unless that of the sandhills on 
 Lot 36. 
 
 The general opinion is, that the bank for keep- 
 ing out the tide from this handsome and valuable 
 marsh should be erected in the channel of the gul- 
 let, which seems to be only a gun-shot over. 
 I think it should be pretty stout, in order to bear 
 the concentrated weight of the tide. The gullet 
 seems to be entirely sheltered, and therefore in lit- 
 tle or no danger from the violence of waves. 
 
 If this improvement was well executed, and the 
 proper smaller drains made, and the marsh sown 
 with timothy, one would be tempted to say that 
 
 - ' . E tliis 
 
 1 .1 
 
[ 3i ] 
 
 tliN mnrsh was almost inestimable. The banking 
 should not be delayed for several reasons. 
 
 It is true there arc, as 1 think, the stances, (as 
 the same were in 1796,) of alxnit 27 tons, leased 
 \vith some of the farms for 999 years, in order to 
 !iiake up the necessary (juantity of hay for them ; 
 and the same of 18 tons is leased to the Campbells 
 for a term whereof eighteen yeai*s more or less is 
 to run, but which will then fall in. This however 
 is of the less consequence as it is compensated by 
 the mentioned quantity of marsh on the east side, 
 round about the \io\nt, and on the we&t side of the 
 peninsula. And, over and above, the quantity of 
 hay appears to be greatly capable of enhancement, 
 by clearing from bushes the great circuit of the 
 verge of these marshes, lying between the real 
 marsh and the upland. This verge, if I remem- 
 ber welU is of the width of a considerable broad 
 ridge of a corn field, and, though narrow, consists 
 of a large space or area, when the long circuit of the 
 marsh is upon the whole considered. It seems to 
 be of bhick moi.st earth, and grows a long, but ra- 
 ther finer, sort of grass, which would curn out 
 a considerable body of hay, if the bushes were cut 
 or pulled up, so that it might be mowed. This 
 verge or border seems peculiarly adapted to the 
 growth of timothy. Besides this, there appears 
 to be here and there near the marsh, flats of moist 
 upland, which 1 am to suppose would suit the ti- 
 mothy. 
 
[ 3^ 3 
 
 mothy. This, respecting the border and the seem- 
 ingly moist Hats, arc points of strong and proba- 
 ble opinion on my own part, which 1 had in view 
 as an object of improvement, as soon as 1 should 
 arrive at the period of giving my full attention to 
 the improvement of this part of the estate. 1 am 
 seldom deceived in such ideas. 
 
 Such. being the handsome quantity of marsh at- 
 tached to and adjoining the peninsula of John- 
 son River, which is the second part of the portion 
 No. 1, I am now to give sucli idea as I can do 
 here of the uplands of the peninsula, though I 
 never found time for walking over the same, or of 
 judging thereof in any way but from information, 
 and taking a view of parts thereof from two or 
 three situations. 
 
 As I intended to reserve the whole of the por- 
 tion. No, 1, for my children, in the idea of its 
 being invaluable in the point of situation and other 
 appurtenances, and though I leased for a term of 
 years (up to the period of these children being all 
 grown up) the farm of Glentinnen or Saw-Mill 
 River (already mentioned) as well as another part, 
 which 1 am to describe hereafter; yet 1 did not 
 lease or permit any one to inhabit a foot of the pe- 
 ninsula ; and my reason was, because such people 
 would be apt to let their cattle go upon and poach 
 the surrounding marshes, which I could not com- 
 
 K 2 pletely 
 
[ 36 ] 
 
 pletely prevent the cattle of tlic vicinity from floing 
 in some deojrcc at any rate, as, having; so many 
 otluM ohjccts upon \v,\\\(.\^ I found it difficult to 
 fence in so many marshes effectually. 
 
 Therefore it was that I kept the whole peninsula 
 in the state of a waste, and intended to keep it in 
 that state ; until, having finished my own present 
 farm, and also the farm at the sand-hills, 1 should 
 find myself at liberty to attend to Johnson River. 
 
 My own farm and tlie sand-hills being tolerably 
 arranged, 1 intended to erect a farm-house and 
 farm-steading on the peninsula of Johnson River, 
 and to place there an overseer, and a large stock 
 of cattle for improving the uplands and marshes, 
 and banking out the river as fast as I could pro- 
 ceed at my own ease: that is to say, to make such 
 beginning of it, that my successor might go on 
 upon the same, or some other such plan, as he 
 might see fit, which, jf rational, could not differ 
 far from mine. 
 
 vm 
 
 PI 9' 
 
 I cannot with justness pretend to say the num-r 
 ber of acres in the peninsula, for the reasons al- 
 ready given ; and, as I could give but a very loose 
 conjecture, 1 think all the general idea that is re- 
 quisite here, may be deduced with a greater 
 phance of precision from applying the scale to the 
 copy of the plan, 
 
 Pne 
 
C 37 ] 
 
 One thing I can say is, that I think it a very 
 extensive fine piece of j^round. It is a good j)oint 
 that it is so much iiisuhitcd, and sunounded with 
 Iiay. O.i account, of facility of coinmiinicatiou 
 wit!i ihc town and oilier parts, as well as of navi- 
 gation, and ilic pleasantness of it, I truly do not 
 think that too ni'ich can be said in tavour of the 
 situ iiion. My own opinion is, that it is absolutely 
 superb,, and a little more so, if possible than that 
 of the farm of Glenfinnen or Saw- Mill River. 
 
 Though I intended it only as one farm in my 
 own life-time, yet this was merely to make a be- 
 ginning, leaving it to be afterwards laid out or 
 subdivided by my successors, as they should see 
 fit. I am for my own part of opinion it is so laro-e 
 that it might make more farms, perhaps half-a-dozen 
 or more of moderate-sized ones, considering the 
 space the plan exhibits between Glenfinnen or 
 Saw-Mill River and Johnson River, east and west, 
 and south and north between Hillsborough River 
 and the large marsh. 
 
 On the point of the peninsula next to Hills' 
 borough River, there is a grove of wood, of which 
 as much should be preserved from cutting down as 
 would be shelter from the north. 
 
 But I have always understood that where there 
 
 is wood it is light enough to be easilv cleared, and 
 
 -'J J ' ■ • — 
 
 besides 
 
i i 
 
 [ 58 ] 
 
 besides that there is enough clear for being pro- 
 ceeded upon with one or more ploughs, and turned 
 into fields with the manure of the cattle after one 
 has erected his steading of houses, or while he is 
 erecting them. 
 
 I now go to the third part of No, 1, which is 
 that lying between Johnson River on the east, and 
 the division-line with lot or township No. 48 on the 
 west ; and between the river Hillsborough on the 
 north, and Great Johnson River marsh on the 
 south, a part of the marsh being to the south 
 thereof. 
 
 l.f.! |i 
 
 From a line running due west from Johnson 
 River to the division-line with Lot 48 on the west 
 side, all the plot to Hillsborough, this third part 
 has no marsh to it upon the west of Johnson River, 
 nor upon Hillsborough River : only, as I have al- 
 ready mentioned, the west branch of the Great 
 Johnson River marsh runs a good way across the 
 south part of it a great way above, but it is a most 
 beautiful and pleasartt situation, and piece of land, 
 equally so as Glenfinnen or the peninsula of John- 
 vson River ; I have also been informed that it is welj 
 wooded. 
 
 As I did not think proper to admit inhabitants 
 on any terms on the peninsula of Johnson River 
 for the reason I have s;iven, so I thought it best, 
 
 according 
 
f 39 3 
 
 according to my then views, to let a portion of 
 this part, as I think, for twenty five years from 
 1796 or 1797, in order it might bo inhabited un- 
 til my family might be fit to take it into their own 
 hands, as it woidd be improving. 
 
 This leased spot is contained between Johnscn 
 River on the east, and the division-line with Lot 
 48 on the west, and between Hillsborough River 
 on the north, and on the south a line running 
 west from Johnson River to the division-line with 
 Lot 48. The place of this line I have endeavoured 
 to find on the surveyor's plan, but cannot answer 
 for the precision thereof, though it may serve to 
 give an idea, which is enough for the prescnt- 
 
 I must refer to the plan for an estimate of the 
 number of acres in this piece, which is leased for 
 the mentioned time, to three men of the name of 
 Campbell, and I should suppose, if properly laid 
 eut would make more than three farms. 
 
 It is with this spot the stances of 18 tons (as the 
 same stood in 1797) are leased to the three Camp- 
 bells, as I have already mentioned, respecting the 
 great Johnson River marsh ; but which will fall in 
 along with the lands at the expiration of the lease. 
 1 do not just now recollect the amount of the rent; 
 it IS a trifle, as it was only the improveraent, and 
 
n 
 
 II 
 
 ity: 
 
 I 
 
 the keeping possession in the mean timcj I had ifi 
 view. 
 
 As the Campbells have but so short a lease, and 
 are getting greatly forward, they have always ap- 
 peared to me to be upon the look-out for a piece 
 of land elsewhere, which they may buy in fee, and 
 I am persuaded they would quit those premises 
 whenever they can obtain the same. And at any 
 rate 1 think it very likely they would be got to ac- 
 cept of a moderate consideration for quitting, if the 
 purchaser should wish it in a year or two, provided 
 he does not seem too anxious for it. 
 
 Above the south line of the Campbells there ap- 
 pears to be ample room for another great farm or 
 even more farms of moderate size, before coming 
 to the great Johnson Riv^r marsh. 
 
 Beyond great Johnson River marsh, and in the 
 same direction eastward to the line of 36, beyond 
 Saw-Mill or Glenfinnen River, and to the rear or 
 south division-line of lot 35 with lot 48, 1 suppose 
 there is a considerable space fit for farms, and I 
 have been told tliere were French ones commencing 
 there before or at the reduction ; but I cannot say 
 that 1 travelled so far in, as there was far more than I 
 could manage for the time, to be seen this side of it : 
 nor do 1 know how much space it may be. The ex- 
 emplar of the surveyor's plan is the surest criterion 
 
 ill 
 
 y 
 
 ^/. 
 
 '■( 
 
or 
 
 y 
 
 ^'/ 
 
 C 41 ] 
 
 in my pbwer to refer to^ of which he may judge 
 as I do ; only I may take upon me to say, he will 
 find space and room enough to work upon. 
 
 There are muscle and oister banks on Ilillsbo* 
 rough River, which 1 suppose had better be re- 
 served for all the divisions of Lots 35 and 36, un- 
 der certain proportions, as 1 kept possession of 
 them since my return to the island, and would let 
 none touch them without my leave. 
 
 ' But within the part where Johnson River falls 
 into Hillsborough, there is a bason, to which I 
 doubt not oisters might be successfully trans- 
 planted. 
 
 There occurs nothing ferther to me to be said for 
 g-ivinir the general idea, which I myself entertain re- 
 spectingthe said three parts of the portion JNo. 1. 
 It is morally impossible to be correctly exact and 
 precise in such objects, particularly to Europeans ; 
 the things must be taken as they may turn out to 
 be, and all I can say is that I believe it to be upon 
 the whole as correct an idea as any other man in 
 existence could give or receive of it, unless on the 
 spot v/ith a chain and theodolite in his hand, and 
 with all the papers ; and that there is no intention 
 to deceive. 
 
 F 
 
 Tlie 
 
.njJ B r"-:- * '- r 'j i aw H T 
 
 III 
 
 [ « ] 
 
 Tlic only pretence of obstacle that I seq in it, or 
 can be so much as alleged, are, 1st, The parcel of 
 reserved hay on the great marsh, which I deem to 
 be far more than compensated by tlie smaller mar- 
 shes ; and the lease of Mr. Stewart and the Camp- 
 bellt5 for the term that is to run, which is not sa 
 long, and probably may be removed with prudence 
 and even ease; but at any rate there is plenty be- 
 sides, and ten to one far more than will be expedited 
 before they will be ready to fall in ; or if so much 
 will be expedited in that space, I think it might 
 well be considered as a lordship for that part of the 
 world. 
 
 Viewing this portion alone with its advantages of 
 situation, &c. My admiration of it has risen very 
 considerably, and this too is enhanced by tJie pros- 
 pect of the advantages to be derived under our 
 new povernor. There is no such thing to be had 
 for ^ale from end to end of the island, for present 
 use, facility, and conveniency, unless it be the 
 otiier portions of the same estate. And in this t 
 beheve any one, who ivuows the island, will join 
 with me ; at the same time 1 am tar from impeaching 
 the qualities of the country, of which 1 have beei^ 
 so fond since I knew it, for above thirty years. 
 
 THE ENDo 
 
 J. H. Hart, Prinur, 23, Warwick-Square.