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IVIaps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUiVRE", le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmAs A des taux de rAduction diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est filmA A partir de Tangle supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent le mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 93 x>, ■^. \i, \. Vv \ v\ \ ■^ S^ INSTRUCT IONS FOR DRILL OP THE CANADIAN VOLUNTEER MILITIA RIFLE COMPANIES. 4 I ,'( TORONTO: PRINTED BY S. DERBISHIRE AND GEO. DESBARATS Prmter to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. ' 1S56. Adtotakt Generai's Omci!, Tmmlo, 12th May, 1856. The Instructions for the driU ofthe Volnnteer MilitiaRifle Con.pan.es Of the Province, in this Boo., „e identicI^S h^ .n force .n Her Majesty's Service. And these ins^^ K.m,.ogetherw..hthe Book of « Instruction of MusquetTy" a.re^y «»ued to the Officers of the Eifle Companies, wm L found to cornpriseallthatis essential to their eLen y. But U m..t be borne in mind, that without a careful ptudy of Z aWe worhs, the Officers of these Companies can neiLr ac r ' '^'"^'''«' "^^^ principles on which all Military movements are based, or impart such knowledge to other' H« Excellency the Commander in Chief, however is « that the same principles of zeal and loyairy wLI or« prompted Officers and Meu to Vo.unLr into fte attam as h.gh a degree of proficiency in drill and knowledge the?a, r T™"' '" ''"'" "'"' ■" -" ^ -P-'ed ftoi the nature of the Service they have entered. By Command of ffis Excellency the Governor General aud Commander in Chief. DE BOTTENBURG, Colonel, Adjutant General Militia. H^^lft RECRUIT. WITHOUT ARMS. Single Rank, at Open Order. Open order is taken by each recruit stretching out his right arm and keeping that di«taijce from his right-hand man. S. 1. Position of the Soldier. The equ^l squareness of the shoiUders and body to the front Theheor ' M S-^^^\P"«^^P^- «f the position of a soldier.. The heei^ must be m a hne and closed ;-the knees straight ;- the toes turned out, so that the feet may form an angle of 60degrees;-thearmshangingclose to the body;-the efbows toed m and close to the side ;-the hands open to the fro^ with the view of preserving the elbow in the indispensable position as aW described, and thereby of preventing false distances when marching in line j-the little fingers tightly ouchmg the seams of the trowsers, with the thumb close to the forefinger ;-the belly rather drawn in, and the breast ad- vanced, but without constraint ;_the bod^ upright, but nclt nmg forward, so that the weight of it may princely belr oL -ai^hu^^^f:^^^^^^^^^ ^-^ '^ '^ ,--' -'^^^ ^y^ nre'^thf JonkT^' '"" the margin, which are printed in Italics, are the words of command to be given by the instructor. ilf.. V muirb '°"'"''f ' '"'^ l^"rticularly the words HcUt and mmcfi, must be given distinctly and loud. 6 ^^C^mT^mtkoue Arnts. „, ^ ^' ^- ^^^nding at Ease. that of the right Cd T I "'S'"'"". "■d • the right hLrteWht:o''f"'?*''^'''' the left ; and the L.^, J^ '" * '"« *"•• above described, to remain ^^XZ ^f T'^> i« the position -hoIeatte„tion\ohi:r"mrntr Vef^^^^^ *^ ^^- 1^- « given, and occasionally 2^7^^^)^%^'"'^^''''''^ -.beano.eato..h/«J2;L^-^-/^J^*-^t ^ S. 3. ^ye, to the Right. to the front .1,. 1, i-r ?^ t" '^ directly in d^'gTrCk '^t' ° H *" ,"''^«""« °^ div«„„s,_or Wt: ani ^,^eS:f ;Zti™ ™„*t"^ ."f -"-<» «"«a turnings of the eyes, to preventT ,J^'^^ '" *«' ^^^f"' ^a. Which .J ^ p.='pe'?LC;»trothTZft.!f RECRUIT— WifAoat Arms. ^ tat in aJl marches to the ftoat, the recruit, at open order.must be tanght to se ect object, in his front, and to march st^gt Xull . ""' ""'''' *" '»»*' ^'* *e preservatL ofa unrform and proper cadence, must form his only guide in S. 4, The Facings. In going through the facings, the left heel never quits the feTp't ^rXht' "^"^ '^*'^r^^^^^^^ '^'-^^'> -^ *^^ ^-es 1st. 51ace the hollow of the right foot smartly against the left heel, keeping the , shoulders square to the front. 2nd. Raise the toes, and tiurn to the right on both heels. To the Right, face. To the Left, face. To the Right about, face. To the Left about, face. 1st. Place the right heel against the hollow of the left foot, keeping the shoulders square to the front. ^ 2nd. Raise the toes, and turn to the left on both heels. 1st. Place the ball of the right toe against the left heel, keepir the shoulders square to the front. 2nd. Raise the toes, and turn to the right about on both heels. 3rd, Bring the right foot smartly back in a line with the left. ' 1st. Place the vight heel against the ball of the left toe, keeping the shoulders square to the front. ^ 2nd. Raise the toes, and turn to the left about on both heels. 3rd. Bring up the right smartly in a line with the left. I^ECRVIT-WiOou, Arm,. Rifht or Left, f /i5/"pt "S 1X17\ ^'^*' - -^Z' Front. Right or r Tirr, •. . '"^"y m eciiellon. j fto^f the ;: fo^t" '° "?""= *-"einal f Son^t^JlVirS 'tiff™ "•» ^ coive tho word J?L ,T' 5" ""'""' ^'" « £?««*«* ""^ 'he word Right (,^£eaaiZT "" •>rce-gua.tcrs I"""'"'' Me, upon which hf L ?■. "''^' A. of the right foot%otThetwT„f. '?? ^" Front. I of the rightlo?(„ tThetairomT '^^ """ ■^ loft heel, or therirttll 1 ! i*'"°''^'°*c loft foot/aad mkefa ,^ '" *" ''='" "^ ""o ' tho givc'ndire" o. Upo^Sr™ ^^ '" if lie has faced to theZV^T'^ ^"^'' 'oft ; and if ho has feed fo t'h!', t? ? ""^ , to the right. '®'*' ''o fronts The foot in the first of t),„ „i, bacic or brought for^rf wfthotl jer" Z "" '" ''<' ''"^^ ^on>.hoh,p,.othat the hod. is^C'r^frlSrsrad;-:?! iftlt;~t'e^:*»--5ooh^rvedi„thes^ preperlyclresscd.wi/lortl e'l '^ °^ """"• ^^^or being ment of feeing. *'" '''""'"S «« overy small move? '»a; :r::f^ f-^f 7 ™- -in.ain the p«itio„ Of the limbs. His arms and hands mtttt .""" ''"''"■'^^'^ ™ •>- "« ^ides, and on no aceott rsuff'r?, r'""^ "^"-'^ ''V oare must be taken that the hand ''f "'"'"'" '""« °>- vibrate ,• "' partake in the least dele "ft '''" '""=" '" ">« '^igh The body must be kept efeeta,d ""'"""''"""■«'« "-"t movement of the leg aL ZI mn T'" '° ""^ f""'- The Sh must sprmg from the hauneh, ^S^t or Left an exact half Jack or ad- •y which the echellon. the original ^^» will be I accurately tn the dia- lit will re- out) three- ?s the ball toe) to the >all of the ra face in 'd Front, Its to the he fronts RECRUIT— m-^A^j Arms. 9 hL?to h!' Tif °'*"'^!.- ^^ ^°°* "^"^t b« raised sufficiently high to clear the ground without grazing it, earned stmiX tl lunTlo ' Tf '"' ^^'"^ "'^^ ^'^^k' P1--1 softly on he l^ee Therai Tl" ^^^'^ **^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ slightest de! Z^^k }''' ^'^* "^"^ "P' ^«d straight to the front and the eyes not to bs turned to the right or left. ' March. S. 6. Siow Step. ( On the word March, the left foot is carried ^0 inches to the front, and without being I drawn back is placed softly on the ground so as not to jerk or shake the body ; the recruit is to be taught to take 75 of these steps in a [minute. r " » .t^fir't'^T ^' """'^""y '^^°^^' ^"^ thoroughly in- structed m this step, as an essential foundation for arriving at accuracy m the paces of more celerity. This is the dowest step at which troops are to move. -lowesi Bait. S. 1. The Halt. r On the word Halt, let the rear foot be , brought upon a line with the advanced one, so as to finish the step which was being taken ^ when the command was given. N.B. The words Halt, dress-io be considered as one word ol command. Three or four recruits will now be formed in onerank at open distance, and instructed as follows. S. 8. Stepping out. Stev out f , '^^^."^"^^ marches, as already directed, in ^tep out. J slow time. On the words Step out, the re- ■ cruit must be taught to lengthen his step to 33 mches,by leaning forward a little, but with- ;out altering the cadence. !♦• 10 REcPviT-ma^out A«. q«iok tim. i and at the words f"low n? '1 '^"' '" ^'"^ "»'' 30 ia,,hes ,„mt be resumed '^""='' '"^P^ *» P^^ of Forward. S.9. Stepping sJiort. . emit wm ,ter, n.; """"'ai-ds each re- ^"iiiK, snail be required. •^a'--?; rme. cacWee 1 StetS^^^^^^ ^ ground, but alternafol^r Jj ^"""^ ffauimg any and bringing 7/ ba.k^ "''°^'^"^ ^"^ the foot Forward. «-ll. ^'^ -^-^e. .. C/o«Ve,. s,,^. i^^;?/.^ C/o.._(2,«H- March. ^^ft Closc—quicl March, iion in line^ y slow and the pace of idvancinff s each re- »f his toe, vward be ches is to of either equired. Jot then lich tJie ng any the foot 3 other. eof30 on the quick I iit%^t Close, March. Halt. ^ECRmT—Withoui Anns. H In closing to the right, on the words Quick March, eyes are tivrned tc the right, and each man carries his right foot about 10 inches directly to his right (or, if the files are closed, to nis neighbour's left foot), and instantly l^mgs up his left foot till the heel touches his ^ right heel, and proceeds to take the next step m the same manner ; the whole with perfect precision of time, shoulders kept square, knees not bent, and in the true line on which the body is formed. At the word Hah, the M^hole halt, turn their eyes to the front, and Lare perfectly steady. (Vide S. 3, Part II ) cess^rii;*i;;tnt''"° °'^ ^°"°^ '' broken ground, the knees must ne S. 12. Sttppin - Back. r The StepBa^k is performed in the slow Step Ba^k On' tl ^""'^ f ^'^ ^"^'^^« ^^^"^ *he halt. Ma.t' eru/t miThT^ f ^^ Back-March, the re- I cruit must be taught to move straight to the rear preserving his shoulders square to the Halt. front and his body erect. On the word JTa/^ JJewpacsonlyof the Step Back can be necessary at a S- 13. Cho.nging the Feet. ( To change the feet in marching, the ad- vanced foot completes its pace, the ball of the ot^icr IS brouglit up quickly to the heel of the advanced one, which instantly mokes another step foru^ard, so that the cadence may not be This mav be rnnu'ro'i '^f iM •I'-i-- • 1 i t • a diffcrcnt'foot "from the rc^l '";:}': ''""^ .^"^^'^ ^« stepping with ho will in / 7. , '^^^^^ division 5 in doing which ho will in ftct take two succc..ive steps with the sai^e foot Change Feet. 12 nECRVIT-wmut Arm,. «• 35. 7%e (>i^,{; 5-;^. The cadence of tJie ^ln«r «- i habitual to the rc„„l, t^^ aTL^T,.' ^T« '""«"="y ?««* time, which is 108 steL in T^- . '"'^'" '" """h 'i *akiug 270 feet in a ,uim,te """'' ""='' ""^ '"<='"=». «w time, m..t he p™„.>:, iX::^;',:;^' - ■"»ve, f„, fore the recruit ,„ust be trah M "i? "^ ""''^'' ' "'«' "'cre- U.i3 essential ,„( of h,^ to^;'' ""'' "'«""Bl"y i^trueted in --, each Of a^ inel^r r,%;^t; ll f ^^ ^" "'^ ^'*"^'«''- r On the words i)„„«„js.„;, „ , , off together with ZmtcV'''"^'"''^ Iioads erect, nn.l the dill ' ^"''""S "'e '-'Mhei;neesi'::'tttir;Lr'r -f »ore advanced than in the ,;l',"'l!"''>' tnearn.s hang wUh ease down the ;;^i:j::} RECRVIT^Wtthaut Arms. m the thigh. The instructor will be careful to' habituate the recruit to the full pace of 36 inches, otherwise he will get into the habit of a short trot, which would defeat the obvious advantages of this degree of march. ILilt. As directed in Section 7. The word March, given singly , -at all times denotes that ^/oz^; time IS to be taken; when the Quick, or Double March, is meant, tlie words Quick, or Double, as a caution, will precede the word March. ' » i uc The great advantage attending the constant use of the plummet mast be obvious ; and the several lengths swin J fore may e.tfallei:^^^^^^^ ^- ^ in his front. The striow f " ^^^ °*'^^'« the rules for marchin ' °^^"^^^"^e of all sary i„ march^T^ |l S"'^^^ "^^^^■ very first step 30 inches 'nd ^'''''"^ ^' '^' each step wiJhout increasin^fh '°r'°'''^""^"^ \twixt each recrui Jr ^^^^^''^^^^ebe- P^in^h.sarvrSdflronT '°^^"^ «' fore the spot from wL» ^ ^^ ^°"»d' ^e- W„, bacl^va^d; ist Tsrired^"' "^' pretence whatever. The IZ ' '*'' ^"^ rected to march straight fort nf' '' *° ^' ^^■ tant objects given hini fZ °'' ^^^ledis- the reciuits made tt cov "'"' ^"'^°^^' ^"^ ing the marctwyTr r''^''^"^- exactness :-great atL '* scrupulous prevent them frol 1 ^ °'' "'"^^ ^^ paid to their compacTfSratil!""^^ "^* ^"^^ ^--^ -S. 19. a J !■ jR^ght Wheel March, ''"^°r"^'-t;f'^--''«^-v.>„./™.« r At the word, iJeV^i ^/,g^7 ..^ ^ nght of the rank ftcertofie rlh. ™ ^ word itf»« with the two first jointsof thJfiL "■'""'"='■ '» ">« hand, butt, the thumb a.U to 1 ,'^;a?f ir'' t! "^ '"'""' "^""^ carnecl at tlio full length of the arm th„l 7. f""" """'' ">« tl.c fore part nearly even with thT'r.f ^" "^ '""<= ^»«"«°'>M do practised, under the idea thaX' "^^ ""■" '° °n<'» »» « of too mt.oh coflstraiat ^ "'"''■""' ""=™ ''^ "- r^ition As mentioned in the Mamial Exercise. RECRVtT—Wtih Arms. 21 the soldier O^ose Order, ttle out, tlie a the hand, isideofthe 3e must be e forward, 5 hind part iout being ion. The ^d be held A company or battalion is never to come to the halt, or FORM IN LINE, or to DRESS, (which are situations where the greatest accuracy of front is required,) but with carried arms. When troops are in motion, arms may be sloped by word of command ; and it must here be observed, that when this is the case, the touch to the firelock arm must be kept by the elbow. It is to be understood, as a general rule, that in the double march, as the men make the first step, they slope arms, with- out any separate word of command ; on being halted, arms are mstantly carried in the same manner. S. 26. Attention in forming the Squad. When the Squad or division (consisting of from six to eight £.les) falls in, each man, with carried arms, will take his place in his rank, beginning from the flank to which he is ordered to form ; he will dress himself in line by the rule already given, assume the ordered position of a soldier, and stand perfectly steady. Attention must be paid that the files are correctly closed ; that the men in the rear rank cover well, looking their ^ file leaders in the middle of the neck ; that the rear rank has its proper distance of one pace (30 inches) from the front rank, and that both ranks are equally well dressed. IS for a ould do en as is msition Rear Rank, take Open Order. I March. < S. 27. Open Order. The recruits being formed in two ranks, at close order, on the word Rear Rank, take Open Order, the flank men on the right and left of the rear rank step briskly back one pace, face to their right, and stand covered, to mark the ground on which the rear rank is to halt, and dress at open order ; every other individual remains ready to move. On the word March, the dressers front, and the rear rank steps back one pace, dressing by the riffht. 22 RECRUIT— m<;* Arms. Rear Rank, take Close Order. March. i S. 28. dose Order. On the word Rear Rank, take Close Order, the whole remain perfectly steady ; at the t^rord March, the rank closes within one pace. S. 29. Manual Exercise. According to Regulation. S. 30. Platoon Exercise. According to Regulation. S. 31. Firings. 'w^- When the recruits have acquired the management of their arms, and are perfect in the motions of the manual and platoon exercises, they will be instructed at closed ranks in firing- Direct to their front and both ranks kneeling. By files. '■« Caution, March. S. 32. Marching to the Front and Rear. ( The squad, or division, is to be particularly well dressed : files correct ; arms carried ; the j rear rank covering exactly, and each indivi- dual to have his just attitude and position be- fore the squad is ordered to move. Thei march will be made by the right or left flank, and a proper trained man will there- fore conduct it. The word Squad, or Divi- sion, to be given as a caution j upon which the rear rank will on all occasions lock up ard at the word March, each man steps for- y.ajd > J U pace. The recruit must not turn I hiv Ik, I ' or eyes to the flank by which he isi luft-rcliiiig.as a turning of the shoulders would RECRUIT -m-ffe Arms. 23 take Close Order, steady ; at the •ses within one gement of their lual and platoon ks in firing — leeling. Rear. ) be particularly ms carried ; the nd each indivi- and position be- o move. The right or left nan will there- \::t^ ^guad, or Divi- 1 J upon which | isions lock up man steps for- j ; must not turn by which he is u«,.i-a^ — ,..„,, 1 J ! uvuiucxs wuuiuj Halt. Halt, front f March, undoubtedly follow. His elbows must be kept steady, his proper touch maintained, and his whole movement, both as to cadence and length of pace, must be regulated in confor- mity with that of the man next to him, to- wards his pivot flank ; and without reference to the man upon his reverse flank, whose business again it is to conform to him. On the v'ord HaJt the rear mnk will make a short fjace,soas to resume its distance of one pace from the front rank. Turning to the right or left, or about, in march, is not to be at first practised j but the squad is to Halt, front, by command, and then March. On many occasions, where a body, great or small, after a movement to the rear or in file, is immediately to resume its proper front, instead of the words to halt, and face about, the words halt, front, with a slight pause between them, will be given, when it is instantly to face to its proper front in line. It is after fronting, that the dressing, if necessary, is ordered to take place. To march straight forward is of the utmost consequence, and he who commands at the drill toill take the greatest pains to make his squad perfect in this essential object ; — for this purpose he will often place himself behind the flank file by which the squad is to move in marching, and take a point, or object j exactly in front of that file, and another in its rear j he . i'l ih. n command March, and, remaining in his place, he ?^]' 0? tot the aj. -ance of the squad, by keeping the flank file aiwuys in a line with these objects. Great care must be taken to prevent the leaning back of the soldier, and the bringing forward, or falling back of a shoulder, as they are faults which, if not instantly rectified, will create confusion in a line, where one man, by bringing forward a shoulder, may change the di- rection of the march, and oblige the wing of a battalion to run in order to keen dressed. 24 J^ECRUIT-With Arms. soldi™ iSTt: '°. 'f °" '°° ""^'' '■" ">'>king ,I,„ as When ^^^-^^^^^^r'^^!:-^-^^ ^- inff solely from th^ Ti..„» u i . ' "-^ ^^ ellected by mov- attained without difficulty, by a sWet n«-^.' . i g-e„ f„, „,archi„., .n/'a IJem obse"va:e:\f°^re:/^^ Right Tarn, teft Turn. Right Ahmt, turn. Left About, turn. Forward. f Turning on the march, in order to continue It, IS necessary v/hen companies, or their divi- ^ sions, are moving in file, and that, without haltmg, ,t IS eligible to make them m^ve on in W ; or when moving in front, it is n^r I without halting tomakethemmo;eoninme! This movement is applicable tocompanies without halting. On the word Turn, each individual soldier, without changing step or cadence, come to the right or left aboutC his own ground, and in his own person per^ tTfe 1-7";"'"' "^ '^^ time prescrfbed for hree distinct paces, then marking time till he receives the word Fortvard, when he I resumes the full pace to the front. Strong taps of the drum, regulated by the nlummnf ^.-n i. gn^en immediately b^f^e tke\ord i^lS t'o mpT^^ Th r^ qmred rneasiire on the mind of the recriit j but "1 worl left, right, are never to be used. S. 33 Rear Rank, take Open Order. Rear Rank, take Close Order. i EECRUIT-mV^ Arms. 25 Open and Close Order, on the Marc,.. Ku^l '^"'''*' ^"^^"^ "^^^^"^ *« *^^e front in Open Order; on which the front rank con- tinues Its march, without altering the pace and the rear rank marks the time^ one pace' I and steps off at the second step. ^ ' r On the word Rear Rank, take Close Order, ' In?l ''"'. ''.f ''''''' ''^^^^ "P *° ^i«^- order L fiont rank has continued to march. S. 34.. March in File to a Flank. column, that the .ocnut cannot be too LlTZrtZ ^T ■i o the — face f k a. j- • ' March. ' ,^K 1 ^^ •^'^>"'' ^"^ ^* *^'^ ^°^'^ ^«^-^/*, the I whole squad steps off at the same instant, each replacing, or rather overstepping, the foo of he man before him ; that is, Uic^ight tt °f If ^f'"""'^ ""^^ ^^"^^^ ^i«"n the left foot of the first, and th).s of every one, more or less overlapping that of his preceding man. X he front rank will march stmight along the fr^i ':.'"'^ '°^^^^^ «f th^t r^^^^k must look along the neclcs of those before him, and ^ never to right or left, otherwise the waving of the march will take placo, and, of course, fhe loss and extension of the line and distance whenever the body returns to its proper W.' The men of the rear rank mist regulate themselves by their leaders of the front rank and always dress in their file. Although file marchmg xs m general made in quick time yeUt must alsobepractisedandmldeinrw Lime, ihe samo nncjtjV" ^c ^-~' takes place in „u marching i„ f^t, where J I 'l>o roar rank is closed, and locked n^. ;! *. 26 B,ECRV1T— With Arms. The instructor must take care that every man takes at once his full length of pace at the word March. S. 35. Wheeling in File. Squad. Right wheel. Left wheel. \ ( The squad, when marching in file, must be accustomed to wheel Us head to either flank j each file following successively, without losing or increasing distance. On this occa- sion, each file makes its separate wheel on a pivot moveable in a very small degree, but without altering its time of march. The front rank men, whether they are pivot men .or not, must keep up to their distance, and the wheeling men must take a very extended step, and lose no time in moving on. The head of a company marching in file must change direc- tion in the same manner on the moveiible pivot, by gradually gaining the new from the old direction, and thereby avoiding the sudden stop that otherwise would take place. S. 36. Wheeling forward from the Halt. Right Wheel. Quick March. Halt. The directions already given for the wheel- ing of a single rank (vide Sect. 19) are to \)e strictly attended to in this wheel of the squad. On the word Right (or left) Wheel, the rear rank, if at one pace distance, locks up. At the word Quick March, the whole step to- gether in the quick time, and the rear rank, during the wheel, inclines so as to cover the proper front rank men. At the word Halt, ^ the whole remain perfectly steady. S. 37. Wheeling backward. The Rqnad must bp. practiced in wheeling backward in quick time. In this wheel, the ranks may preserve the distance of 1 takes at once B,ECRjyiT— With Arms. 27 one pace from each other. Great attention should be naid t. prevent the recruits from fixing their eveTZ f^ ^ ' i^ (Vide Sect. 20.) ^ ^^^^ °^ *^6 groimd, S. 38. Wheeling on a halted and mmeohle Pivot, pivot, have already been given, in Sects. 19 and 21 Thp squad should now be practised in both unfil tl,!. •. thoroughly confirmed in those movements ''''"^** "'' S. 39. S^.^.^^. out, -Stepping sJwrt, -Marking Time- Changzng Feet,-The Side Step, -Stepping back-^e Oblique Step,-The Diagonal March. ' the dig Cr "' ""^ ^'"^ ''^'' '"^ '"^^ -"' "« ■'^Pt to It cannot be too strongly inculcated, that every lust mov^ When taken separately, each may be well trained. It in tfj origmal mstruction of the recruit, and souad ihJi^ ! s^1he^"^^^"^'^^^^^•--^^'^^ ^cnbed : the time is infallibly ascertained by the freaZlt cc^rections of the^.^^,,, ^hich, when so app'li S, w Xon give to each man the habitual measure so much desirld and oLtaTur'rt^^^ ^^^"^^^' '^^^P-^-^ pmctTce"^^^^ S. ^^ *?^«!^«' «r by fours, a man should be nlacnc] „nnn .J -U.W oi me ieudmg files, to whose step the pace stick"c7nb« conveniently applied to correct the length of st^rof the ^Tole! 28 UECRVIT— With Arms. In closing the elementary part of the soldier's instruction, it cannot be too strongly stated, that where the task of the drill Serjeant ends, there the task of the company's officers and non-commissioned officers commences. The recruit has ■ indeed been taught the rudiments of his profession in the drill squad, but it is only in the ranks of his company that the lessons he has received can be so applied and rigidly enforced, as to ensure that the acquired positions and move- ments of the soldier shall become the natural habit of the man. Under the eye of thoroughly-instructed superiors, who will give their scrupulous attention to the object here insisted on, the transition, from the recruit to the perfect soldier, will not be very tedious, when it will be awkward for a man so trained to do wrong ; and Ms drill may then be said to be ovet for life. In order, however, to arrive at this great end of all military training, no slovenly habits must be suffered to creep m at private parades. The Serjeant in inspecting his section, and the corporal in marching his relief, must exact as much attention and precision from those under him, as the drill Serjeant invariably requires from his squad. By practice, what was at first constrained will become natural and easy. The soldier thus trained, whether under the eye of the reviewing general or the fire of an enemy, will perform his part with facility and correctness. PART II. OF THE COMPANY. S. 1. Formation of the Company. THE Recruit being thoroughly grounded in all the preced- ing parts of the drill, is now to be instructed in the movements of the company, as a more immediate preparation for his ioin- mgthe battalion J for this purpose from 10 to 20 files are to be assembled, formed, and told off, in the following manner as a company in the battalion. ' The company falls in at close order, with shouldered arms • the files lightly touching, but without crowding ; each man will then occupy a space of about 21 inches. The commander of the company takes post on the right of the front rank covered by a serjeant in the rear rank. The other Serjeants will form a third, or supernumerary rank, three paces from the rear rank. When a company is thus singly formed with its ofiicers, the captain is on the right, and the other ofiicers in the rear as also the drummer or pioneer in a third rank, at three paces distance. In this formation companies are to assemble on their private parades, being sized from flanks to centre. The company will be told off* in sub-divisions, and four sec- t ans. If four ofiicers are present, the captain, when the com- pany is in column of sections, takes the leading section, the next in seniority the third section, the third in rank the fourth section, and the junior ofiicier the second. The covering Serjeant will cover the second file from the pivot of the lead- ing section. When there are but three officers, the covering Serjeant will take the second section from the head of the column. The company will also be told off by throes from the right, numbered 1, 2, 3. Should there be a blank file in telling off" the company in line, it will invariably be the fourth file from the left. --■m.^tmm!i ' ■ :M ! ai^ i feg '' yj' i im^iM iM M| i r I u PART IT. When thus formed, the company will be practised in Opening, j Ranks. (Sect. 27 and 28, Recruit with Arms.) and Closiuff of by the right and left j C to the front, Dressing 1 to the rear, ( in an oblique direction, and be exercised in the several motions of the firelock. Close Order is the chief and primary order in which the bat- talion and Its parts at all times assemble and form. Open Order is only regarded as an exception from it, and occasionally used in situations of parade and show. In close order, the rear rank is closed up to within one pace, the length of which is to be taken from the heels'of one rank to the heels of the other rank. In open order, they arc two paces distant from each other ; when for inspection, three paces. In order to distinguish the words of command given by the instructor of the drill (who represents the commander of the battalion) from those given by the commander of the company or Its divisions, the commands of the former are in capital letters, those of the latter in Italic. S. 2. Marching to the Front. 1. In the drill of the company, the person mstructing must always consider it as a com- pany in battalion, and regulate all its move- ments upon that principle ; he will therefore, before he puts it in motion to front or rear, mdicate which flank is to direct, by giving the word by the right, left, or centre, MARCH, on which eyes will be directed full to the front, and the touch preserved to the named flank, or to the centre, as required. Should the right be the directing flank, the commander of the company himself Ivill fix on objects to march upon in a line truly per- pendicular to the front of the comimny ; and when the left flank is ordered to direct, be and his covering serjeant will shift bv BY the RIGHT (or left), MARCH, or QUICK MARCH. COMPANY. iii the rear to the left of the front rank, and to such objects to march upon. The con- ductor of the company, before the word MARCH IS given, will remark some distinct object on the ground, in his own front, and perpendicular to the directing flank : he will then observe some nearer and intermediate pomtm the same line, such as a stone, tuft of grass, £fc.: he will move upon them with ac- curacy, as he approaches the nearest of those pomts, he must, from time to time, choose fresh ones in the original direction, which he wiU by this m^ans preserve, never having t fewer than two «uch points to move upon. 2. As the MARCH of every body, except in the case of in- chning, IS iflade on lines perpendicular to its front, each in^- vidual composing that body must remain perfectly' Square t the given line; otherwise he will naturllly and iLrSblv move m a direction perpendicular to his own pe "n J thereby open out, or close in, according to the manner ^n Itrtion T'^'\'''^ *^^ *-^ point o'f his marcT Tth^ distortion of a smgle man operates in this manner and all turningsoftheheaddosodistorthim,itm^ybe^L%i^^^^^ what that of several will occasion, each of whom iJmaXg Thottr^' '"'''^^' w^ose lines of direction ^ecr^;^ be^lrTtr^' '"'"' '^ n^arch in line, Will occasionally ^t^Pfy^t vide Sect. 81 Mark Time 2q Step short 9 Recruit Ope^i and close Ranks . 33 l without Oblique gg Arms. IHagonal March 2^31 5. 3. The Side Step, L«« «ae or amug step must also be frequently practised • It IS very necessary and useful on many occasions, when •** IV PART II. TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT, CLOSE. halted, and when a very small distance is to be moved to either flank. When the -whole company is to close to a flank, if supposed to be a division of a column, its commander remains in his place upon the flank, and closes with his company ; but if the company is to be considered as the division of a line, and no stated number of paces is mentioned, its commander will in that case step nimbly forward on the caution to the RIGHT (or left,) CLOSE, and place himself three paces in front of that flank which is supposed the inner one, or that which is nearest to the centre of the line, in order that he may be prepared to halt his company at the proper time, as well as to take a general superintendence of its movement. At the word quick march, the men step off together. On the word halt being given, the officer instantly resumes his place in the line by the rear. S. 4. The Back Step. The company must be accustomed from the STEP BACK— ; halt, at the word step back— march, to step MARCH. / back any ordered number of paces. quick march. HALT. FORM FOUR DEEP. MARCH. S. 5. To form Four Deep. 1. The company will be told off from the right by alternate files right and left ; and when it is intended to form four deep, pre- serving the same front, the word form four DEEP will be given, upon which the rear rank will step back one pace, and on the word MARCH, the left files will double behind the right files, by taking one pace to the rear with the left feet, and one pace to the right with the right feet, v/hich form four deep, leaving .the intervals which the left files had quitted. COMPANY. >e moved to REAR, FORM FOUR DEEP. MARCH. RIGHT, FORM FOUR DEEP. ■»* * -nrixT 2. WJien four deep is to be formed to the rear. On the same caution the rear rank will ^ step back as before, and on the word march, ^ the whole go to the right about, and the left files will then double as before, in the j)roper rear of the right files. 3. When ground is to be taken to the right in the formation of four deep. On the caution the rear rank steps back as before, and on ^ the word march, the whole face to the right, t and the left files, at the same instant, form Erratumr—m Part II— page v, last line of Section 4, for " pace to the right with the right foot," read " pace to the rear with the right foot." led from the )ff from the l^pace to the right with the right feet. In all these formations two deep is reformed from each of them by the word Front, upon which the files move up to their respective intervals into line, the rear rank immediately closing on the front rank : the word Halt will precede the word Front if the company has been in movement. In moving to a flank, file marching may bo adopted, if ne- cessary, by the files leading out in their proper order upon the word FORM TWO DEEP J and, at the word re-form four deep, resuming their former places. left face. S. 6. File Ma?-ching. In marching by files, the commander of the company will lead on the inward flank of the front rank, his covering Serjeant leading the front rank ; therefore when the movement is by the left, on the word to the left face, he will instantly shift to the left flank of the company by the front, and his covering ser- IV PART II. halted, and when a very small distance is to he moved to either flank. ( When the whole company is to close to a flank, if supposed to be a division of a column, its commander remains in his place upon the flank, and closes with his company ; but if the company is to be considered as the division of a line, and no stated number of paces is mentioned, its commander will in that case step nimbly forward on the cuution to the RIGHT (or LEFT,) CLOSE, and nlnpp> Inii TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT, 1^ !f !{ STEP BACK- MARCH. FORM FOUR DEEP. MARCH. i instantly resumes his place in the line by the rear. S. 4. TTie Back Step. The company must be accustomed from the halt, at the word step back — march, to step back any ordered number of paces. S. 5. To form Four Deep. 1. The company will be told ofl'from the right by alternate files right and left ; and when it is intended to form four deep, pre- serving the same front, the word form four DEEP will be given, upon which the rear rank will step back one pace, and on the word MARCH, the left files will double behind the right files, by taking one pace to the rear with the left feet, and one pace to the right with the right feet, %vhich form four deep, leaving the intervals which the left files had quitted. COMPANY. REAR, FORM FOUR DEEP. MARCH. RIGHT, FORM FOUR DEEP. MARCH. 2. WIten four deep is to be formed to the rear. On the same caution the rear rank will ^ step back as before, and on the word march, » the whole go to the right about, and the left files will then double as before, in the proper rear of the right files. '3. When ground is to be taken to thenght in the formation of four deep. On the caution the rear rank steps back as before, and on the word march, the whole face to the right, « and the left files, at the same instant, form on the right of the right files, taking one pace to the right with the light feet, and one pace _ to the front with the left feet. 4. When ground is to be taken to the left. The rear rank steps back as before, and on the word march, the whole face to the left, <^ and the left files, at the same instant, form on the left of the right files, by taking one pace to the left with the left feet, and one pace to the right with the right feet. In all these formations two deep is reformed from each of them by the word Front, upon which the files move up to their respective intervals into line, the rear rank immediately closing on the front rank : the word Halt will precede the word Front if the company has been in movement. In moving to a flank, file marching may be adopted, if ne- cessary, by the files leading out in their proper order upon the word FORM TWO DEEP J and, at the word re-form four deep, resuming their former places. left, form four deep, march. left face. ^ S. Q. File Marching. In marching by files, the commander of the company will lead on the inward flank of the front rank, his covering Serjeant leading the front rank ; therefore when the movement is by the left, on the word to the left face, he will instantly shift to the left flank of the company by the front, and his covering ser- VI PART n. QUICK MARCH. Malt, Front. jeant by the rear ; at the word quick march the whole step off together (vide Sect. 18,' Recruit without Arms) ; and on the word Halt, Front, the leader and his Serjeant will (^ return to their posts on the right by the rear. The company will also be taught to— advance in double Mes Jrom the centre, receiving from the instructor of the drill the command by Sub-divisions inwards Face, upon which the two centre files disengage by the side step, bringing the shoulders forward at the words quick march, and lead straight to the front, the front and rear rank men in line. The officer and his covering serjeant will lead, in their rela- tive situations as above prescribed, the left or right centre file of the pivot sub-division. On the command Front form Company, the leading files maxk time and close in, their rear rank men falling to the rear ; the remainder turn their bodies a whole face outwards, and wheel inwards, looking to the outwaid flank, and feeling to the centre. As soon as the quarter circle is completed, the word Forward is given, if the march is to be continued. If the company from double files is to be formed to a flank (suppose the right), the instructor gives the caution to the Right, form Company, when the commander of the company will give the command. Right Sub-Division, Halt, Front. The remainder of the company march on in file, and form on the left of the halted sub-division in succession, halting as they come into line. When the advance in double files from the centre is mac'e on the march, the command is Sub-divisions inwards turn, Right and Left wheel, and the movement proceeds as above directed. right WHE'i'L. quick masch. S. 7. Wheeling from a Halt. In wheeling either forward or backward from a halt, the commander of the company, on the word right or left wheel, moves { out, and places himself one pace in front of COMPANY. vu L, moves HcUtf Dress. the centre of his company : during the wheel, he turns towards his men, and inclines to- ' wards that flank which has been named as the directing, or pivot one, giving the word Halt, Dress, when his wheeling man has just completed the required degree of wheel : he then squares his company, but without moving what was the standing flank, and takes his post on the directing flank. S. 8. BY SUB-DIVI- SIONS, RIGHT WHEEL. QUICK MARCH. Halt, Dress, Wheeling forward by Sub-divisions from Line. 1. On the caution by sub-divisions, right WHEEL, the commander of the company places himself one pace in front of the centre of the right sub-division, at the same time the men on the right of the front rank of ^ each sub-division face to the right. At the word quick march, each sub-divi- sion steps off" in quick time, observing the directions given in Sect. 19 and 36, Part I. The commander of the company turning to- wards the men of the leading sub-division, the inclining to its left (the proper pivot flank), givey the word Halt, Dress, for both sub-divisions, as his wheeling man is taking the last step that finishes the wheel square ; and instantly posts himself on the left, the pivot flank. The covering Serjeant, shifting by the rear to the proper pivot flank, assumes his place in column, one pace in rear of the second file from the pivot, the senior subaltern taking post on the pivot flank of the second sub-division ; the commander of the company ^ always leading the first. 2. The company marching to the front may be wheeled into open column of sub-divisions on the moveable pivot, to either flank, without halting j the instructor giving the word forward, when the sub-divisions have wheeled square into column. \ vm PART II. The proper pivot flank in column is that which, when wheeled up to, preserves the divisions of the line in the natu- ral order, and to their proper front : the other is the reserve flank. In column, divisions cover and dress to the proper pivot flank : to the left when the right is in front j and to the right when the left is in front. S. 9. CAUTION. l'»' Halt, Dress. QUICK MARCH. Wheeling hcwkwardi by Sub-divisions from Line. The company will also break into open co- lumn of sub-divisions by wheeling backwards. —When the right is intended to be in front at the caution by sub-divisions on the left, BACKWARD WHEEL, the Commander of the company moves out briskly and places him- self one pace in front of the centre of the right sub-division. The man on the left of the front rank of each sub-division at the ^ same time faces to the right. On the word quick march, each sub-divi- sion wheels backward, as directed in Section 20 and 37, Part I. During the wheel, the commander of the company turns towards his men, inclining at the same time to the left, or pivot flank, and on completing the wheel gives the word Halt, Dress, to both divisions : he and his covering serjeant then place themselves in their proper stations, as . directed in the last Section. \ S. 10. Marchi?ig on an Alignement, in Open Column of Sub- division. The company having wheeled backwards, by sub-divisions from line, (us directed in the foregoing Section,) and a distant marked ob- ject in the prolongation of the two pivot itanks being taken ^ the commander of the company, who is now on the pivot flank of I COMPANY. IX MARCH. the leading sub-division, immediately fixes on his intermediate points to march on. (Vide S. 2, Part n.) On the word march, given by the instructor of the drill, both ^ divisions step off at the same instant j the leader of the first division marching with the utmost steadiness and equality of pace on the points he has taken ; and the commander of the second division preserving the leader of the first in the exact line with the distant object ; at the same time he keeps the dis- tance necessary for forming from the preced- ing division, Avhich distance is to be taken from the front rank. — These objects must occupy the whole attention of the leaders of . the two divisions. S.ll. HALT. LEFT WHEEL INTO LINE. oiTTPtr T^rttiriir Wheeling into Line from Open Column of Sub-divisions. 1. The company being in open column of sub-divisions, marching on the alignement, receives the word Halt from the instructor of the drill ; both divisions instantly halt, and the instructor sees that the leaders of the di- visions are correct on the line in which they have moved ; he then gives the word (sup- posing the right of the company to be in front) by sub-divisions left wheel into line; on which the commander of the company goes to the centre of his sub-division, the two pivot men face to their left exactly square with the alignement, the rear rank men covering off, and a serjeant runs out and places himself in a line with them, so as to mark the precise point at which the right flank of the leading sub-division is to halt, when it shall have completed its wheel. At the word quick march, the whole wheel up in quick time ; during the wheel, the 'or of the company, turninf^ towards \ coinmii T''?r T? PART II. Halt, Dress. Eyes front. his men, inclines to the wheeling flank, and gives the word Haltf Dress, at the moment the wheel of the division is completed ; the commander of the company, if necessary, corrects the internal dressing of the company on the Serjeant and pivot men : this dressing must be quickly made, and, when done, the commander of the company gives the word Eyes front, and takes post in line, as directed in Sect. 1, Part. II. 2. The company may be wheeled into line on the march on the moveable pivot, receiving from the instructor the command SHOULDERS FORWARD, then FORWARD, Or HALT, DRESS, when the wheel is complete. In all wheclsof the division of a column that are to be made on a halted pivot in order to form line, the flank men of the front rank on the hand wheeled to is such pivot. All wheelings by sub-divisions, or sections, from line into column, or from column into line, are performed on the word given by the commander of a battalion, when the whole of a battalionis at the same instant so to wheel ; or on the word given by the commander of the company, when companies singly, or successively, so wheel ; they are not to be repeated by the leaders of its divisions. When the company is in open column of sub-divisions, it must be occasionally practised to wheel into line upon the reverse flank of the column ; and in showing a front line also to that reverse flank by wheeling backwards on the regular pivots. On the caution to wheel into line by companies, pivot men face and raise their right arms from the elbow horizontally. On the word Eyes front, the hand resumes its usual position. S. 12. In open Column of'Suh-divisions entering into a new Direction on a moveable Pivot. The commander of the leading sub-divi- sion, ■whfin it. nri-ivoa at tVio «p-«ir /li.nnf;^.. will give the word Right (or left) Shoulders forward (Vide Sect. 21, Recruit without Right SJwuld- ers forward. COMPANY. XI forward. JAfms),and when his sub-division has wheel- ed square to .that direction he will give the word Forward. The leader of the second sub-division, when he arrives at the ground where the first began to change its direction, will give the same words, following the exact track, and always preserving his distance flrora the division in his front, 1. If the proper pivot flank is to be the wheeling one, each commander of a division gives his word Shoulders Forward, as he successively arrives at such a distance from the point on which he has moved, as that, at the completion of the wheel, his division may receive the word Forward when perpendicu- lar to the new line, but with the given point, of course, behind the proper pivot ; and that he also in his own person be on the new direction, prepared to give his word Fmward, and to proceed. 2. The sub-divisions must lake care that they continue their march correctly upon the point where the leading one wheeled, and that they do not shift to either flank, which, without much attention, they aVe apt to do. into a new S. 13. Countermarching. The company, when it is to countermarch, must always be considered as a division of a battalion in column ; the instruc- tor of the drill will therefore, previous to his giving the caution to countermarch, signify whether the right or left is supposed to be in front, that the commander of the company, and his covering Serjeant, may be placed on the pivot flank before such caution is given, as it is an invariable rule in the countermarch of the di- visions of a column by files, that the facings be made from the flank, then the pivot one, to the one which is to become such. Countermarch by Files. RiGkT (or f 1. On the word, right, or left, face, the left) face» company faces ; the commander of it imme- diately takes one pace outwards, and faces inwards ready to halt his company ; and his covering serjeant faces to the right about, ■SSSBP Xll PAET II. Halt, Front, Dress. RIGHT AND LEFT FACE. \ QUICK MARCH, and covers. At the word quick march, the whole, except the commander and his cover- ing Serjeant, step ofi together, and the lead- ing file, wheeling short round the front rank, proceeds, followed by the company in file, till it has reached the cc\reriug serjeant,who has remained immoveable ; when the com- mander instantly gives the words Halt, Front, Dress, squares, and closes his company \^on his Serjeant, and then replaces him. Counternuvrch by Ranks. 2. On the word pace, whether the right or left is in front, the front rank faces to the right, the rear rank to the left ; commanders place themselves on the outward flank of their Serjeants facing inwards, and the cover- ing Serjeants go to the right about. The whole step off' together, the two ranks severally wheeling in single file, till the pivot man of the front rank comes close to the i covering serjeant ; they then receive the word Halt, Front, Dress, from the officer who , replaces the serjeant. All countermarches by files necessarily tend tc an extension of the files ; unity of step is therefore absolutely indispensable, and the greatest care must be taken that the wheel of each file be made close, quick, and at an increased length of step of the wheeling man, so as not to retard or lengthen out the march of the whole. Companies, or their divisions, when brought up in file to a new line, are not to stand in that position till the men cover each other minutely ; but the instant the leading man is at his point, they will receive the word Halt, Front, and in that situation close in and dress correctly. RIGHT COUN- TER-MARCH. QUICH MARCH. Halt, Front, Dress. S. 14. Wheeling on the centre of the Company. The company must be accustomed to wheel upon its centre half backward, half forward, and to be pliable into every shape COMPANY. Xlll which circumstances can require of it ; but always in order and by a decided command. The words of Command are, r RIGHT* ............ J LEFT ............. COMPANY, ON THE CENTRE j RIGHT ABOUT , 1^ LEFT ABOUT J ■ WHEELi < Halt, Dress. f When the wheel is to the right, or right about, the right half company wheels back- ward, and the left forward. In this case the right-hand man of the left sub-division is the pivot man ; he faces to his right, or right about, and the covering Serjeant springs out and alignes himself with him, but to the flank which is to become the pivot. The reverse will take place when the wheel is to be ma'dc to the left, or to the left about. The left-hand man of the right sub-division is then the pivot man, who will face to his left, or left about ; the covering serjeant alignes himself with him, as in the wheel to the right. On the word march, the whole move off" together in quick time, regulating by the two flank men, who, during the wheel, pre- serve themselves in a line with the centre of the company ; as soon as the required degree of wheel is performed, the commandei^pf the company gives the word Halt, Dress, and instantly squares it x. jm that flank, on which ^ he himself is to take post. S. 15. Diagonal March, The instructor of the drill will have the diagonal march fre- quently practised, in company, and in sub-divisions : (vide S. 23, Recruit without Arms). He will see that the rear rank locks well up, and covers exactly ; that the exact distances are pre- served between the files : and that the pivots, or outward files march in the direct line to which they have faced, the others conforming to them. l^ XIV PART n. lil :'; •■ I Fig. 1. FORM COMPANY. Left Sub-divi- sion, Left Half Face ; Quick ItlLarch, Halt, Front, Dre&s up. {Plate 1.) S. 15. Increasifig and Diminishing the Front (f an Open Column halted. Increasing. The company standing in open column of sub-divisions (suppose the right in front) re- ceives from the instructor of the d ,' xu- tion to FORM COMPANY ; upon whici ^ co* vering Serjeants will run out to mark the pivot flank. The commander of the company turning round instantly orders, Left Sub-divi-^ sion, Left Half Face : Quick March ; and the leading (or pivot) file will march straight on the covering serjeant. When the left sub* division has obliqued so as to gain the line of the right sub-division, the commander gives the word Halt, Front, Dress up ; and takes post on the left, the pivot flank of the ^ company. Diminishing. On the cautionary command from the in- structor of the drill to form sub-divisionSj the senior subaltern instantly falls back to mark the point where the left flank of the sub-division is to rest. The commander of the company advancing one step orders Left Sub-divisions, Right about three-quarters Face, Quick March ; and the leading file of the left sub-division marches in the diagonal direc- tion, until the pivot file reaches the officer who has taken up its distance and covers ; and who, when it shall reach him, gives the words Halt, Front, Dress. The commander remains on the left flank of the right sub-division, and the next officer on that of the left. In increasing and dimiiffshing the front of an open column halted, upon the usual caution, the rear-rank man of the pivot file of the reverse sub-division falls back and covers the third IPORM SUB- DIVISIONS. Fig. 2. Left Sub- division, Right about three- quarters Face, Quick March. Halt, Front, Dress. ■.mw>-.Ttmi»mpf^/!m^!mi^>t>S^Sf^^^W§f''^'- iri 1-18 2 (i>lumnof'a»npanuis frt^htm fiml) fhrmmp iofamn of' SuSduwutn/t Arom the ^oM Paff» M OQOOQ CMMf \ • * b CofUam tiZuutgnant' ■ooooco CXXXDOO "t s Figl a A (c/umti, of Saidtn^uym- 'rtf/hf m /wn/yj «',- \. (hlamn. of (limiparuesinffht ui /fwUj fvrtmnp lamn'ofSid>Avieu>n^ on t/w Mattft/ cS- nuxr^t-"-------——i Unw tStxUe en out, and rht to eighty y in an open y- have sepa- aies, requires Vhen halted, COIVtPANY. xxiii tlT^^ '^%'^f^''' ^^f t« the right about, and the two out- ward files of the second and third sections face to their right and left, so as to present a front in all directions. The men on the angles also face to their right and left. In pursuance of the foregoing instructions, and on the prin- ciples tr.ey contain every company of a battalion must be fre- quently exercised by its own officers, each superintending a T.n' ""'r T^ P^'' °^'^^ ^^°^^ movement. On aspace of 70 or 80 yards square, every movement and formation may oftrb"„^:^^ "^^""^^ to qualify it for the operation^ The company must be frequently exercised on rough and broken, as well as on smooth and level ground, and as often with the rear rank m front as otherwise. Great pains should be taken to accustom the men to remedy quickly, of their own accord, any derangement that may take place in the telling ofT of companies. For example, the officer will order the pivot files of sections to fall out, when the files next to them in their respective sections will become, as a matter of course, uitlumt re-telling off, the new pivots of the sections. Soldiers trained in this way are not liable to fall mto confusion, whatever casualties may occur on service ; and It is especially desirable that companies should be so exercised as to insure on all occasions, and under all circumstances, the ready wheel of sections, upon which all prompt formations against cavalry ao very much depend. Officers must be habituated to give their words of command with energy and precision. Every officer, on first joininff a regiment, must be thoroughly drilled and exercised until he Shall have a perfectknowledgeof all the detail of drill required from a soldier. He cannot be considered capable of instruct- mg the men under his command, nor be permitted to take the command of a company in the battalion, until he is master of all these points. Squads of officers must be formed, and exercised by a field vffiucr. Tney must be marched in all directions ; and, in pro- portion to the number of files in a division, they must learn ■iij«nr '^•^*m^'''mm^xfm^i^.m^i:. XXIV PART II.— COMPANY. accurately to judge the distances necessary for each, and to extend that knowledge to the front of greater bodies. They must acquire the habit of readily ascertaining, by the eye, perpendiculars of march, and the squareness of the wheel. ^ An officer ought to know the post wliich he should occupy in all changes of situation,— the commands which he should give,— and the general intention of a required movement. He should be master of the principles on which each formation is founded, and aware of the faults that may be committed, in order to avoid them himself, and to instruct others. These principles are in themselves so simple, that moderate reflection habit, and attention, will soon shew them to the eye, and fix them in the mind ; and individuals, from time to time, when qualified, must be ordered to exercise the battalion, or its parts. Officers must bear in mind, that the instruction laid down in the preceding sections cannot be completely established with- out joining theory to practice ; and no officer can be deemed duly instructed, until he is capable of commanding and explain- ing the several parts of which the system is composed. It is incumbent, therefore, on commanding officers of regi- ments, before any officer under their orders is dismissed drill, to take steps to ascertain, by due examination, that they fully comprehend the principles and spirit of all they have been taught. The complete instruction of an officer enlarges with his situation, and at last takes in the whole circle of military science. From the variety of knowledge required of him, his exertion must be unremitting, to qualify himself for the pro- gressive situations at which he may arrive. ( 29 ) jh, and to s. They ( the eye, i^^heel. Id occupy he should Lovement. formation mitted, in s. These reflection '■e, and fix me, when lion, or its id down in shed with- le deemed id explain- jed. •s of regi- issed drill, they fully have been 3S with his of military of him, his br the pro- THE MANUAL EXERCISE. Percussion Arms require to be carefully handled in order to prevent the cock being loosened, by which its direct fall on the nipple would be rendered uncertain. They are, at all times, when unloaded, to be used with the cock down 'on the nipple, and Sentries may be permitted to carry their arms, when loaded, m the same manner, in order to secure the cap m Its place ; but, to avoid accidents, they are to be carried, on all other occasions, at half-cock after being loaded. Words of Command. 1st. Secure Arms. Explanation. ( 1st. Bring the right hand briskly up and place it under the cock, the forefinger touch- ing the back part of it, the thumb placed between the stock and barrel, and pointing to the muzzle, keeping the firelock steady. 2nd. Quit the butt with the left hand, and seize the firelock with it at the swell, bringing the elbow close down upon the lock, care- fully avoiding to raise or lower the shoulder ; the right hand kept fast in this motion, and the piece still u^n-ight. 3rd. Quit the right hand, giving the piece a cant with the forefingers, and bring it down to your right side, bringing the firelock down to the secure, under the left arm, the elbow thrown a little to the rear, the guard fust visible, the thumb on the sling, the fingers grasping the barrel, and the hand rather below the hip-bone. "■•^-"""•W'SWJSBdSru 30 MANUAL EXERCISE. 11: i: IP' 4; f j 2ml. SlunUder Arms. 3rd. Order Arms, N. B. In marching when the cap is on, the cock will be brought up under the arm-pit, the sling resting on the arm ; but at other times the firelock may be carried with« the barrel downwards, the right hand grasping the piece between the loop and the swell, and the left, the right arm just below the elbow. 1st. Bring the firelock up to the perpendi- cular lino, seizing it with the right hand under the cock, as the first motion of the Secure. 2nd. Quit the left hand, and strike the butt with the palm, grasping it at the same instant. 3rd. Quit the right hand, and bring it ^smartly down to the right side. 1st. Seize the firelock with the right hand, the little finger as high as the shoulder, the elbow close to the body. 2nd. Bring it down to the right side, the little finger to slip between the stock and barrel ; place the butt quietly on the ground. 3rd. Bring the thumb of the right hand on the sling, placing the muzzle in the hollow of the shoulder, the hand flat on the side of the stock. 1st. At the word Fixy place the thumb of the right hand, as quick as possible, behind the barrel. 2nd. As soon as the word of command is fully given, take a gripe of the firelock, and push the muzzle a little forward, grasping the bayonet with the left hand, the elbow kept well forward, so as not to interfere with the left-Iiand man, and fixing it with the utmost celerity. The instant this is done, return, as quick as possible, to the Order as above ^described, and stand perfectly steady. 1st. As soon as the word Shoulder is given, take a gripe of the firelock with the right Jiand, as in fixing bayonets. Fix Bayonets. 5th. Shoulder Arm^. MANUAL EXERCISE. 31 OiA* Gth. Present Arms. 2nd. At the last word Arms, the firelock *?A^ ?y"A ^ ""I"* ^^'r''' "^'^^ ^^^ "g^*^ hand, in one ShmlderArms.i nv^ion, and with as little appearance of I effort as possible, into its proper position on the left shoulder. The hand crosses the body in so doing, but must instantly be ^ withdrawn. j ^ I 1st. Seize the firelock with the right hand, under the guard, turning the lock to the front, but without moving it from the shoulder. 'ind. Raise the firelock up from the shoulder to the^w^e, by placing the left hand (smartly and with a tell) upon the sling, fingers point- ing upwards ; the wrist upon the guard, and the point of the left thumb of equal height with the mouth, and close to the forefinger ; tho piece to be kept perpendicular in this po- sition, the left elbow close to the butt, the right elbow and butt close to the body. 3rd. Bring down the firelock with a quick motion, as low as the right hand will admit without constraint ; making it tell with the left hand, which must be placed with a firm hold two inches above the bottom swivel, thumb pointing up, drawing back the right toot at the same instant, so that the hollow of 1 may touch the left heel. The firelock in this position, with the guard to the front, to be totally supported in the left hand, close in iront of and opposite the centre of the body ; the right hand lightly holding the small of tlie butt J the fingers pointing rather down- wards ; the body to rest entirely on the left loot ; both knees straight. ■ 1st. By a turn of the right wrist, bring the firelock to its proper position on the left shoul- der, making the motion tell, the left hand grasping the bntt, and bringing up the right 1th. SJmilder Arvts. 32 MANUAL EXERCISE. Ith. ^ foot at the same instant to its original posi- ShoiddcrArms. Sth. Port Arms. mh. Charge Bayonets, 10th. Shoulder Amis. nth. Advance Arms. tion ; fingers of the right hand under the cock, thumb pointing up. 2nd. Quit* the right hand briskly, and bring it down to the right side. At one motion throw the firelock from the shoulder across the body, meeting it firmly with both hands at the same instant (the right at the small of the butt — the left at the swell ,) in a diagonal position, in which the lock is to be turned to the front, the nipple at the height of tho centre of the breastplate, the muzzle slanting upwards, so that the barrel may cross opposite the point of the left shoul- der, with the butt proportionably depressed. The right hand grasps the small of the butt, and the left grasps the piece at the swell, with the fingers round the barrel, the thumbs of both hands pointing towards the muzzle, both elbows close to the body. ( Make a half-face to the right, the right toe straight off to the right, and the left toe full to tlie front, and bring down the firelock to nearly a horizontal position, with the muzzle inclining a little upwards, and the right wrist resting against the hollow of the thigh below the hip. 1st. Throw the firelock up to its proper po- sition on the left shoulder, the left hand falling smartly on the butt, and grasping it, and at the same instant coming to your proper front ; fingers of the right hand under the cock, thumb pointing up, 2nd. Quit the right hand smartly, and bring it down to the right side. 1st. Seize the firelock with the right hand under the guard, turning the lock to the front, but without moving it from the shoulder. iginal posi- er the cock, ',aud bring k from the g it firmly t (the right the swell,) the lock is pple at the tplate, the the barrel left shoul- depressed. f the butt, the swell, he thumbs le muzzle, c right toe 3ft toe full firelock to lie muzzle right wrist igh below proper po- ind falling it, and at )per front ; the cock, irtly, and ight hand the front, MANUAL EXERCISE. 11th. ' Advance Arms, . 33 2nd. Raise the firelock up from the sliouldcr o the poise, by placing the left hand upon the shng, fingers pomtmg upwards, the wrilt upon the guard, and the point of the loft thumb of equal height with the mouth,.ndclc.c to the m i^s'^" ' , ^ P"'' '' '^ ^^^^^ Perpeudicula ni Una position. 3rU. Brmg iI,o firelock down tu ,i,e ri-lit Side w,th the right hand aa low as it w admu wuhout conrtraint, at the same t^^^e snkjngH smartly wUh the left hand at r swell, the guard between the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, the three St fingers "»der the coek, with the gnard to the I *th. Qnit the left hand. f 1st. At this word the left hand is hro.iriit onhr;|ht:hSr'''""''^"'''''«'"'"' 2nd. Bring the firelock down as low as the eft arm will admit, letting it din O.ro„rit ho fingers of the right hand nnti/it qS' touches the ground. , 4"i«-"y 3rd. Quit the left hand. . 2nd. Quit the left hand. Skou'£'Arms. fpiecelit^the^fZf"-''^ '"^'^ ^"^^ --^ ^^^ p cce at tJic swell, raising it about one incli : at he same instant slip the thumb of the gh hand under tlio cnnlr i.^ - *-,>-» - ^i ^ ,,.rist. ' '^ " """ "' ^^^"^ ^^ght 12th. Order Arms. < 2*» 34 MANUAL EXERCISE. l^th. 2nd. Throw it smartly to its proper position SJumlder Arms. -^ on the left shoulder, the left hand falling smartly on the butt, grasping it, the fingers of the right hand under the cock, thumb pointing up. .3rd. Quit the right hand, and bring it to the right side. N. B. In these motions great care must be taken to preserve the squareness of the bodijy and to avoid raising or sinking the shoulder. 15th. Support Arms. ! IQth. t lli 11th. Attention. m 1st. Seize the small of the butt, under the lock, with the right hand, the thumb pointing upwards, the firelock to be raised one inch. 2nd. Bring the left ajm under the cock. 3rd. Quit the right hand. At this word of command the right hand is brought smartly across the body, and seizes the firelock at the small of the butt close up Stand at Ease. \ under the left arm, with the thumb of the right hand pointing upwards, the right foot drawn back, the left knee bent, and the fire- ^ lock a little sloped. At this word of command the right hand is dropped smartly to the right side, and the right foot brought in line with the left. 1st. Seize the small of the butt under the left arm, with the right hand. 2nd. Smartly place the left hand with a tell grasping the butt, the firelock kept steady. 3rd. Quit the right hand. At the same instant allowing the left arm to sink to the full extent. In sloping arms the upper part of the arm is not to move, the guard of the firelock is to be raised so as gontly to press against the hollow of the shoulder, the hand in a line with the elbow, the toe of the butt in a line with the centre of the left thigh. mh. Carry Arms. 19th. Slqjc Arms. !|i:': itt under the the left arm MANUAL EXERCISE. 35 r On the word Ease, bring fnc riglit hand Stand at Ease A f]\'' 'f^h thumbs on the fore part of the heel of the butt, that of the left hand uppermost and drawing the right foot back at the ^mo I mstant, the left k„ee bent. smartly to tho right side, and the right foot I m hne with the left. ° r 1st. Drop the left arm to its extent an.l I o tl T r' "^''^° ^"^^^'^ ^° «^«-t the smal L ^ncl. Quit the right hand. As prescribed in page 24. al ttlefor^vard,brmg the left hand smartly to the upper loop, the thumb pointing up- wards. Seize the socket of [he bayonet between the forefinger and thumb of the ght hand pressing the spring back with Wkt '?f '' '^" ^"^"•' ''^^ ^-k of the met, . --'^^ J-intbeingatthesame t me placed against the bow 5 raise the bay- Attention. Carry Arms. 23rd. Order Arms. 2Uh. TJnJix Bayonets. and I onet to disengage it from tiio &"t)^ ^i- iruin me snrinff, and when It IS as high as the turn, twist itTo the left to disengage it from the muzzle ; let the bow foil over the thumb, and the two fore- fingers on the top of the socket, with the left hand force the mu.zlc of the firelock back o Its proper position; at the same instant bring the thumb of the left hand on the top of the scabbard, for the purpose of ^uidini tuc oayoueliiuo it ; and bring the right hand smartly to the position of ordered arms 11 ' m 36 25th. Stimd at Ease. MANUAL EXERCISE. As before directed. It is to be understood that whenever a battalion in line charges with bayonets, the whole arc in the first instance to advance at a firm quick step, with shouldered arms ; at the word rrcpare to Charge^ the firelocks of the front rank will be brought to the long trail, and those of the rear rank to the slope ; at the word Chirgc, the firelocks of the front rank will be thrown smartly to the charging position, and the pnco in- creased to dmiblc march, carefully avoiding too much hurry. The enemy being routed, it will depend on the officer com- manding to give the word //«/«, when both ranks will shoulder arms, and proceed as may be afterwards directed. In marching ary distance, or in standing at ease, when supported, the men are allowed to bring their right hand across the body, to the small of the butt, which latter must in that case, be thrown a little forward ; the fingers of the left hand being uppermost must be placed between the body and the right elbow ; the right hands are to be instantly removed when the division halts, or is ordered to dress by the right or left. Time. The motions in the Manual Exercise are to be performed leaving one pause of the slow time of march between each motion, except that of fixing bayonets, in which a longer time must be given. One pause should also be made betA^een the first and last parts of the words of command ; for instance, shoulda- (one pause) arms, both in manual and i)latoon. The manual is not to be executed by one word, or signal, but each ssparate word of command is to be given by the officer who commands the body performing it. Method of Piling Aims. The company standing in close order with ordered arms, and told off' by threes, the word Pile is then given j the whole of the com- pany slip the thumb of the right hand in rear of the barrel of the firelock, at the same fime MANUAL EXERCISE. ion in line instfinco to ms ; at the rank will rank to the t rank will le pjico in- uch hurry, ifficer com- ill shoulder :!ase, when land across lUst in that I Icll hand y and the Dved when or left. performed, ween each anger time it-vV^een the f instance, )on. signal, but the officer Drder with 3, the word ' the com- md in rear same fime Pile Ar?ns. "Unpile Arms. . 37 Jlrawing back their right feet, in order to face o u.r ngUt, with the exception of numbers two m the rear rank ; they advance their right ee m the hollow of the led, iuorder to face to the left. The word .l.v.. is then g.vou the whole of the front rank, and one -H three of the rear, fuce to the r ght j one juuUhrc. files of the front, rank turn the' fire- ock on the heel of the butt with the sling towards them. One and three files of th! rear rank turn the firelock on the heel of the , butt witl. the sling from them, which bring: f he lock outwards: having done this, they lock their ramrods together,stiII bearingthem tw'o fi?'' 'r .f V° '^""^ ^'" "^^^^^^^- Number two file of the front rank throws his firelock o he rear as he. then stands, and brings his left hand on number one muz^cle, and com- pletes that pile J havingdone that, he remains perfectly steady, faced to the right; inS with number three, the front and r'ear rang have already locked their ramrods. Number two (rt-the rear rank throws his firelock off- to his own rear as he then stands, and completes number three pile by bringing his left hand on the muzzle of the firelock ; having done this, he faces to the right about, and remains ^steady. JJnpile Arms. r At the word Unpile, the whole advance their right feet in the hollow of the left, and seize their firelocks at. the top brass, thumbs point- ing upwards; the files numbered two of the roar rank must work well round on the hips to reach their firelocks : at the word Arms, the whole snatch their firelocks smartly to- t wards them, and front at the same time. ( 38 ) THE PLATOON EXERCISE, AND DIFFERENT FIRINGS FOR THE OUDINAEY Oil RIFLE MUSKET. The recruit having a thorough knowledge of the different motions of the firelock, ts shown in the Manual Exercise, will now be taught the Platoon Exercise, as follows : 'W Eight or ten men being formed in a single rank, at close files, toith their knapsacks on, and shouldered firelocks, will be thus taught to fire before they are formed, in two ranks. 1st. Standing. . 2nd. As a front rank kneeling. 3rd. As a rear rank kneeling. To load from the slioulder sta?tding. Prepare to Load. 1st. At the word Load, seize the firelock with the right hand immediately under the cock, the forefinger touching the back part of it, the thumb between the stock and barrel, pointing up,^thc firelock kept steady. 2nd. (^uit the butt with the left hand, and grasp the firelock firmly with it, the little finger as high as the shoulder. 3rd. Bring the firelock down in the left hand, and place the butt quietly on the ground, six inches in front of the body, with the barrel to the front, and pcrpeudicular ; PLATOON EXERCISE. 39 Prepare to Load. Prepare to Load. Load. < < carry the nght hand at the same time to the pouch or ball bag, and draw from it a cartridge ; the firelock to be held at the full extent of the left arm. To load from the advance, standing. ' 1st. Bring the left hand smartly across the body, and seize the firelock with it, the hand in Ime with the elbow, which is to be kent close to the body. ^ 2nd. As directed in the 3rd motion of the « prepare to load" from the shoulder standing. * To load from the order, standing. 1st. At the word « prepare," slip the thumb oi the right hand quickly in rear of the barrel and at the completion of the word of com- mand, pass the firelock smartly to the left hand, which is to be brought forward to meet l^it, and proceed as before directed. \ 1st. Bring the cartridge to the mouth, holdmg It between the forefinger and thumb with the ball in the hand, and bite off the top, elbow close to the body. 2nd. Raise the elbow square with the shoulder, with the palm of the hand inclined to the front, and shake the i)owder into the barrel. 3rd. Reverse the cartridge (keeping the elbow square) by dropping the hand over the muzzle, the fingers in front of the barrel and i,lace the bullet into the barrel nearly as far as the top,, holding the paper above it between the forefinger and thumb. 4th. By a turn of the wrist from left to right, tear off the paper that remains between the forefinger and Ihuml), dropping the elbow into the side at the same time, aud seize the iieud of the ramrod with the second joint of \li\G forefinger and thumb. 40 Rod. Home. Return. Cap. i PLATOON EXERCISE. 1st.* Force the ramrod half out, and seize it back-handed exactly in the middle, the elbow square with the shoulder. 2nd. DraAv it entirely out with a straight arm above the shoulder, turning it at the same time to the front, put it on the top of the bullet, turning the back of the hand to the front ; the ramrod is thus held between the two forefingers and thumb, with the two last fingers shut in the hand. 1st. Force the bullet straight down till the second finger of the right hand touches the muzzle J elbow close. 2nd. Press the ramrod lightly towards you, and slip the two forefingers and thumb to the point and grasp it as before. 3rd. Force the bullet steadily straight down to the bottom, bringing the elbow down with it close into the body. 4th. Ascertain that the bullet is resting on the powder by two slight taps, avoiding ali . sharp strokes. 1st. Draw the ramrod half out, catchinsr it back-handed, with the elbow square. 2nd. Draw it entirely out with a straight arm above the shoulder, turning it to the - front ; put it into the loops, and force it as quickly as possible to the bottom, the fore- finger and thumb holding the ramrod as in ihc position immediately previous to drawing it. 1st. Make a half face to the right, by raisin JT the toes and turning on the heels in that direction, the right heel in front of the left, the left toes pointing to the front, and the right toes pointing to the right; bring the firelock at the same time to tho nVht T}i side, Avith the left hand at the swelL and hold As Front or Rear Rank yds. Ready. . PLATOON EXERCISE. 41 pressing the side nail against the right hin he rear rank four inches above it ; the rigS - hand holding the small of the butt and hi f f eock the piece, thumb resting on^Coc^^' .Jnd Advance the forefinger to throw off the old cap (after having fired). Carry the hand to the cap pocket, and take a ca,. between the forefinger and thumb. 1 ut the cap on tlie nipple, and press it Jown with the flat part ^f the thumb fingers clenched. * 1st. Adjust the sight ; with the forefinger and thumb of the right hand place the sfiSfng bar even with the line which indicates tSf required elevation for the distance named^ after which, raise the flap steadily from he' thei'r fo' ''^''' "^'^" ^""'^ ^^" th^^ resume their former position behind the guard the thumb resting on the cock. ' 2nd. Cock the piece, then replace the thumb on Uie small of the butt, at the same time (as a front rank) the right foot will be I wTir '''"^'"' f" '^'' ^^"^ °^' ^^'l i" line I with, the inner side of the left heel ; ra^ a rear rank) the right foot will be carried nin^ nches diagonally to the right, and in rear of the left heel of the man on the right; fix the bodV'^T "" '^'J^^*' and incline the t body forward from the heels. \ 42 PLATOON EXERCISE. Present. ( 1st. Bring the firelock at once to the shoulder, pressing the, centre part of the heel-plate firmly into the hollow of it, with the left hand, which must grasp the piece . at the swell, the right hand holding it at the small, the right elbow slightly raised (but not so much as to impede the aim of the" rear rank man), the muzzle inclining to the ' bottom of the object and the forefinger of the ' right hand extended along the side of the trigger guard ; at the same time shut the left eye. i 2nd. Raise the muzzle slowly and inde- ' pendently until the foresight is aligned; through the back sight with the object the right eye is fixed upon; at the same timt - placing the forefinger on the trigger. 3rd. Pul! the trigger with the second joint of the finger by a steady pressure, without the least jerk or motion of the hand or elbow, keeping the eye still fixed on the object. 4th. Bring the firelock down to the cap- ping ^x)sition, at the same time bring ihe right foot to the position in which it was placed before coming to the ready ; shut down the flap, count a pause of the slow time, and come to the po&ition of " prepare to load." Too much pains cannot be taken to ensure that the soldier takes a deliberate aim at some specified object whenever he brings his firelock to the " present ;" and if no natural object presents itself fcxr the men to aim at, several small bull's-eyes must be marked on the barrack wall. In coming to the Present, the first care is to press the butt firmly into the hollc ■. of the shoulder, so as to offer a solid resistance to the recoil of the musket, the muzzle inclining downwards, which will be steadily raised, till the foresight is aligned with the object the eye is fixed upon ; the inclination _/*xl._ _:_-Uj in UiU il-^llX. CiiCUiL lU lUU Ullll UCpUIitJS CI on mo uisiancc ice to the »art of the of it, with p the piece aiding it at ;htly raised 3 aim of the aing to the ingerof the side of the shut the left and inde- is aligned : object the same timt ;er. second joint re, without id or elbow, object, to the cap- ! bring ihe lich it was 3ady ; shut »f the slow )f " prepare the soldier henever he tiiral object bull's-eyes ss the butt iffer a solid e inclining foresight is inclination ho distance PLATOON EXERCISE. 4$ the soldier may be directed to fire at, or on the elevation given to_the musket; if, at a short distance, it must lay on the butt without too much stooping of the head ; but if firing at the longer distances, the head must be raised, according L tlilse distonces increase : particular care must al'so be takfnThat the SQldier m this position shuts his left eye when taking aim ookmg along the barrel with the right eye, which is t! con-' tmue fixed on the object after the fire has been givenT a^^ertam that he has not deranged his musket from the true alignment by pidling the trigger, which must be performed s eadily and without the slightest jerk or motion of the rTght f^^' J*^f .'^^^^^fy of restraining their breathing, when pullmg the trigger, should also be impressed on the men. ^^oad, ^' J As before directed. Shmilder Arms. Advance Arms. To shoulder when at the capping position. 1st. Throw the firelock up to the proper position on the left shoulder, the left hiid followmg smartly on the butt, and grasping It, the fingers of the right hand under the ^ cock, pointing up, coming to the front at the same time. 2nd. Quit the right hand smartly, and l^ bring It down to the right side. To advance annsfrcm the capping position. f 1st. Bring the musket up to the right shoulder with the left hand, the fingers ex- tended on the sling and in line with the elbow, to steady it thereto, the upper part of the I)arrel close in the hollow of the shoulder, the forefinger and thumb of the right hand place round the guard, the remaining fingers under the cock. o e " 2nd. Quit the left hand, and brine it smartly to the left side. II > :' n I I k ! n IIIHiJ f ^^ PLATOON EXERCISE. To make ready from the shoulder. Ready. yds. ( Make a half face to the right in the same manner as at the word Cap, at the same time brmg down the firelock to the right side, seizing >jt with the left hand at the swell, ho]^itg it in a horizontal position, the front rank pressing the side nail against the right hip, the rear rank four mches above it, bringing the right hand to the sliding bar to adjust the sight, and proceed as before directed. To make ready from the advance. Ready, yds. As Front Rank Kneel- ing, yds. Ready, Make a half nee to the right in the same manner as at the word Cap, bringing the musket at the same time to the horizontal position at the right side, seizing it with ' the left hand at the swell j the front rank pressing the side nail against the right hip, he rear rank four inches above it, bringing tne right hand to the sliding bar to adjust L the sight, and proceed as before directed. To fire kneeling. Sink down smartly on the"' right knee, which IS to be drawn back about one foot to the rear and six inches to the right of the left heel, the right foot perpendiciUar and drawn in under the body, the weight of which to rest on the right heel, the fire- . lock to be brought down to the capping position, the side nail in line with the hip, the lower part of the left arm resting on the thigh, bringing the right hand to the sliding . bar to adjust the yi-ht, and proceed in the i same manner as dir-.ted at the word Ready | when standing. "'■ PLATOON EXERCISE, Present. Load. Rod. Home. 7^ "turn. Cap, 45 1st. Bring the firelock at once to the shoulder, pressing the centre part of th^ tt e^tfrt^r *'^ J-lIowo?it'^h' the left hand which must grasp the piece at the swell, the right hand holding i at the small, the ri,^ht elbow Raised, the mLt n clinzng to the ' ttom of the objecra„t the" forefinger of the right hand extind;d along! the lo^ K^^'' ^^^'^ '^'' ^^^ ^y^ «hut, and support '"'^"^ '" '''' ^^^ ^'-^^ a 2nd. i 3rd. I ^^ l^efore directed. 4th. Bring the firelock down to the can- pmg position, at the same time raising the body from off the right heel, and shut down the flap easily ; the lower part of the left arm resting on the thigh/ count a pause m the following manner. With the left hand pass the firelock round m front of the body over the left thigh the butt to the rear and diagonally to thefeft, to as to be close to the inner side of the left foot ofthe rear rank man of the file on the left, the sling upwards, the muzzle about one T^ZT ""^ \"^ ^"""^ ^^°^^« higher than the left knee, the left leg to be perpendi- cular ,. the right hand carry at the same time to the pouch or ball bag, and draw from it a .cartridge. ^ As before directed. "" Bring the firelock round in front of the •f " . *"! ^^'^ ''''mng position by shifting K .x.ro-aga tne left hand, and proceed as be^ , fore directed. 46 Shoulder Arms. Advance Arms. PLATOON EXERCISE. 1st. Spring smartly upon the feet, bringing the heels in line ; throw the piece smartly into the shoulder, fingers of the right hand ^ under the cock ; thumb pointing up between stock and barrel. 2nd. Quit the right hand smartly to the right side. ■\ 1st. Spring smartly up on the feet, bring- ing the heels in line, and the firelock into the right shoulder with the left hand, the fingers extended on the sling in line with the elbow to steady it thereto, the upper part of ^ the barrel close in the hollow of the shoulder, the forefinger and thumb of the right hand placed round the guard, the remaining fin- gers under the cock. ^ 2nd. Quit tlie left hand smartly to the left side. To load from the shoulder as Front Rank kneeling. As Front Rank Kneel- ing prepare to Load. \ 1st. At the word Load seize the firelock with the right hand immediately under the cock, the forefinger touching the back part of it, the thumb between the stock and bar- rel, pointing up, the firelock kept steady. 2nd. Quit the butt with the left hand and grasp the firelock firmly with it, the little finger as high as the shoulder. 3rd. Sink down smartly on the -u'^lit knee, which lis to be drawn back about one foot to the rear and six inches to the right of the left heel, the right foot perpendicular and drawn in under the body, the left leg to be perpen- dicular ; push the butt to the rear and dia- gonally to the left, so as to be close to the inner side of the left foot of the rear rank man of the file on the left, the sling upwards, the muzzle about one inch in rear of, and four inches higliur than, the left knee ; carry martly to the As Front Rank Kneel- ing prepare to Load. Shmdder or Advance Arms. As Rear JRanJc Kneel- *^S' yds. Ready. PLATOON EXERCISE. 47 To loadfr^ the Advance as From Rank kneeling. Preset tZf " ^ ^"^ »°«™ of the • As before directed. Present, rear, and one fn^^T .^°'' "™ '■°''* '" *« heel the righ, t .'! t*^ '«"'/ '"e left drawn in ^der he^df'Se "'^:: ■"■* manner as directed nf ,r'^^^'\ "^ **ie same [standing ^' ^^^ ^^^^ Ready when 1st. 1 ^"^' \ \lfT ^''''''^^^ ^°' front rank 3rd. J tneelmg. 4th. Bring the firelock down to the capping position at the same time raise the TcSy from off the right heel and shut down ?he flap easily, the lower part of the left arm resting on the thigh j count a pause of th™ ^ow time, and bring the piece to^heload n^ position, as follows : ^ l^irn the body to the right and lean well to the rear, with the left hand reverse the 48 PLATOON EXERCISE. \vm\i\ Load. Rod. Home. Return. Cap. Shoulder or Advance Arms. firelock, bringing tlie butt diagonally to the right front, so as tp rost, a.ic.nnst the right knee of the front rar.i< niun )i the file on the right, the sling iiiwar,'':i, the muzzle as far to the rear and us high as the right elbov ; carry the right hand to the pouch or ball bag, and draw from it a cartridge. As before directed. n^ive tlie piece a smart cant with the right hand to the capping position, and proceed £is before directed. As before directed. As Rear Rank Kneel- ing prepare to Load. To load from the slwulder as Rear Rank kneelins. ^ « 1st. At the word Load seize the firelock with the right hand immediately under the cock, the forefinger touching the back part of it, the thumb between the stock and barrel, pointing up, the firelock kept steady. 2nd. Quit the butt with the left hand, and grasp the firelock firmly with it, the little finger as high as the shoulder. 3rd. Sink down smartly on the right knee, which is to be drawn back one foot to the rear, and one foot to the right of the left heel, the right foot to be perpendicular and drawn in under the body, the left leg to be as upright as possible ; turn the body to the right, and lean well to the rear, the butt of the firelock thrown diagonally to the right front, so as to rest against the right knee of tiie front rank man of the file on the right, the sling upwards, the muzzle as far to the rear and as high as the elbow ; carry the right hand to the pouch or ball bag, draw daily to the it the right 3 file on the xzzlc as far ght elbow; or ball bag, th the right proceed as ling. the firelock under the 3 back part : and barrel, dy. t hand, and ;, the little right knee, foot to the of the left iicular and leg to be as Ddy to the the butt of the right jht knee of the right, far to the ; carry the bag, draw As Rear Rank Kneel- ing prepare to Load. PLATOON EXERCISE. 49 J from it a cartridge, and proceed with the t loading as before directed. To load from the Advance as Rear Rank hneelin^ ( 1st. At the word Load seize the firelock I with the left hand above the swell J 2nd. As directed in the 3rd motion of the Prepare to load from the shoulder, as rear Uank kneeling. bo gif^rltn" i'wV".'*'^ """"• '-"• ""' -rf Ready battalion firing a volley, file firin'gX. """^ "^ ^ From twenty to thirty files may now be formed int„ , rank, at elose order, with shonlderjd arms andTed Cnel the foregoing direetions, eaeh man doing his rectlj, as shown in slow time • aftpr v^t, ramrods, the whole remair^rftc ,v H"® with the forefinger and thn^b gr 1^':^'!' head of the ramrod, and after a mZ f l»ce in slow time, come to the Snf ™' mtion, half-cock, and „,„ , J" „™P"? i»- l which must alwaji be doneXloa'dl^f "• -^5 a Com pant/ Load i ^hi i 50 ComjHiny. At yards Ready. Present. Half cock Arms. Shoulder Arms. Battalion . Ready, present. PLATOON EXERCISE This serves as a caution. As shown before. As before directed : after firing, make a pause of one pace in slow time, come down to the capping position, and put down the flap, and alter anotlicr pause, come to the position of Prepare to load, then go on with the loading as before directed. At the close of the " general," or at the word " cease firing," the company if made Ready, receives the word Half-cock Arms. Place the thumb of the right hand on the front of the cock, and the forefinger at the same time on the trigger, the cock is then to be drawn a little back and the trigger to be drawn so as to disengage the catch, the cock to be gently let down till past the catch of the half cock, the cock is then to be drawn back to the catch of the half-cock ; after which pill down the flap, and seize the small of the butt with the right hand. In the usual manner and stand perfectly steady. But if the company should be in the act of loading, it will go on, and come to the capping position when done, put on a cap, then wait for the word of command of the " officer to shoulder. Firing as a wing, or as a battalion, is per- formed precisely as laid down for a company. When a battalion fires a volley, and it is not intended to reload, the caution will be given to " fire a volley and shoulder." This serves as a caution. As before directed. TV,, < ing, make a )me down to wn the flap, le position of the loading lose of the Esase firing," receives the hand on the inger at the 3k is then to rigger to be ch, the cock the catch of to be drawn ■cock ; after ize the small ,nd perfectly e in the act come to the ut on a cap, mand of the ilion, is per- ir a company, sy, and it is ition will be Ider." PLATOON EXERCISE. 51 After firing make a pause of one pace in slow f ;«,« down to the capping position, and put d'vnThe Z; T' come to the shoulder. "^1^' *^^" shoulder. "'"■ *" ^"■"'^ ''"^ "» ftom the Any movement can take place from ordered arm, o, raise the hntt a-ro^lLhtol"?:: ^"„1 *;. tfj' -" close against the hollow of the shouldef Tn^ 7,! ™^^'" resume the position of ordered arms ' "* *' ^'^ ''^"' .r;;l -'■-' - -- -- -otifg t? aif fU'- Trailed arms must never be iisprl in fi^i i i^vci ut. usea m neld movemontsi »»«. upo^n^st-eh occas^ons it wUl cause loose marching ZZ Tr Trail Arms. f How performed at the halt. CJuinge Arms. Slip the right hand down to the swell of the stock, and lower the muzzle to ^0^ rant will fall nimbly back a short pace so Lcutf of the front rank man's jacket. ( Change from one hand to the other as I often as may be necessary. The short trail must never be used in inv h..t in fixing and unfixing bayonets oftL m4\ ?. 7'^' """T tends to cramp thd muscles of the arm. ' "'^ "'°'^"" At tlie word Halt, arms are to be ordered withont thn •der arms, when the r-. ..-,,. ...m. .'^. "^'^^^^^ ^^'^ word Order rank will close tu the front. 52 TLATOON EXERCISE. In(lepe)ident or file firing . Independent or file firing may commence from the right or left of companies, or from any particular part of the line, as may be directed, and should be done as follows : At the close of the preparative, the first file will begin, the caution having previously been announced at what part of the line the firing is to commence, when the first file comes to the present, the next file makes ready, and so on for the first fire, after which each file will fire as soon as loaded, the rear rank man keeping his eye on his front rank man, and preserv- in"- his fire untlt his front rank man has fired, and at the close of ''the general, they will come to the shoulder independently after loading. N.B. Each man, before cocking his i)iece, must adjust his sio-ht for the distance he estimates the object to be from him which ho intends to fire at. In file and volley firing, the front rank men must remain perfectly steady after giving their fire, otherwise, the aim of the rear rank men will be deranged. Prepare to resist Cavalry. Ready. The recruits having a thorough knowledge of the preceding portion of the drill, may now bo formed into four ranks, and practise to receive cavalry with two ranks kneeling, as it is necessary to do so in square four deep. The first rank kneel as front rank, the second rank kneel as rear rank, botli bring- ing at the same time the buit of the firelock in front of the right knee, the lock turned uppermost, the right hand lightly grasping the small of the butt, holding the firelock firm with the left hand, at the middle of that part between the third loop and the swell, the lower part of the left arm resting upon the thigh, the muzzle of the firelock slanting upwards, so that the point of the bayonet will be about the height of a horse's IH)>C, PLATOON EXERCISE. 53 le right or ic line, as begin, the part of the comes to )r the first , the rear id preserv- t the close ipcndently adjust his from him firing, the iving their deranged. ! preceding ranks, and ig, as it is Prepare, SfC. The third rank make ready as a rear rank, with this difference, they will carry their right foot only six inches diagonally to their right rear ; the fourth rank make ready as rear rank ; in this the kneeling ranks do not cock ; the two standing ranks will commence file firnig at the close of the preparative, or at the word Commence firing; and at the close of the general, or at the word Cease firing, they will come to the shoulder from the capping position independently, after loading. The kneeling ranks may be fired, if necessary, for which tlie commander will gxvre the word, ^neoMn^xanks, Ready p'se^it, and which they do as directed in the fore- going instructions ; then with a quick motion bring the firelock down to resist cavalry as before, and remain perfectly steady till the word Load is given ; after loading they will shoulder from the capping position by word of command. *u^;^*~T^^'"^ *^''' ''^'''''^ ^^'^'^ ^^ Siven after firing in square, the kneeling ranks will load standing. rank, the )otli bring- ,he firelock ock turned y grasping he firelock middle of )p and the irm resting he firelock loint of the of a horse's ( 54 ) MISCELLANEOUS. MODE TO BE OBSERVED IN DISMISSING A COM- PANY OFF PARADE. Bring the firelock to the recover, by throw- ing it briskly out of the left hand (if with shouldered arms), the guard to the front, the cock resting against the left breast; the left hand seizes the firelock above the lock, and the right hand grasps the small of the butt. Recover Arms. - Right Face. Lodge Arms. In the manner prescribed by Regulation. At this word, the whole drop their fire- locks smartly to the port, the front rank springs off to the left, the rear rank to the right, break off, and quit the parade without , noise. N.B.— -In turning in a Guard or Piquet, the same mode is to l)e observed. MANNER OF INSPECTING A COMPANY ON PARADE. Attention As per Regulation. Fix Bayonets As already directed. S/touldcr Arms. ... As already directed. Rear Rank, ) Take Open Order. \ As already directed. March. ) Slope Arms As already directed. The inspection of arms will now take place, the inspecting officer trying the springs in passing along the ranks, ascertain niit th c iut; ks are perfectly clean, and the nipples free from rust. Exn%iine Arms. ' ^nSCELLANEOUS. 55 Carry Arms As already directed. Order Arms As already directed. At the Examine, slip the thumb in rear of the barrels ; at the word Arms, face to the right, bringing the butt between the feet quickly on the ground, sling towards the body, liolding the firelock with thu left hand at the full extent of the arm ; draw the ramrod, let It down the barrel, and quit the right hand. When the oiRcer comes within one file, draw the ramrod, and place it on the upper brass, nine inches to the front, forefinger one inch in rear of the brass, elbow square, and arm above the ramrod. Return the ramrods, shifting the firelock , on the right side, taking the time from the right-hand man to come to the front and let ^ the butt quietly on +he ground. An Inspection of the Appointments, Clothing, ^-c., is now to he made. Unfix Bayonets. Return Kamrods. Rear Rank, take Close Order {March). Stand at Ease. As already cxjilained. POSTING OF SENTINELS, The instructor will post his recruits as sentinels, giving each of them some particular orders to attend to, and instruct^thom, while cm their jwst, not to allow those orders to be infringed • that (hey are not to quit their arms, or walk more (Im it ten yards on each side of their post ; that they arc never to con- vrrse, loiter, or lounge upon their post, nor remain in their sentry-boxes in good, nor even in moderate weather, but are to move about briskly in a sold irr^like manner ; thrit un tbc nppearancc of an officer, they arc to stand firm on any part of 56 MISCELLANEOUS. their walk, paying the compliment due, imtil the officer has passed, taking care to front the point specially recommended to their observance ; that to all field officers and to officers of a superior rank, they must present their arms ; to all other offi- cers, they are to carry arms. That all guards and sentinels must pay the same compliments to officers of the Royal Navy and Marines as are directed to be paid to the officers of the Army, according to their relative ranks. That although guards do not turn out after sunset to pay compliments, yet sentinels, whenever officers approach their posts, must pay them a proper attention, by standing steady with carried aims, facing to their proper front, nor must this be discontinued until the evening is so far advanced, that they begin challenging and demanding the countersign. When sentinels are directed to challenge, the recruit must be instructed to do it in a dear, sharp tone, pronouncing his words as distinctly as possible. On any one approaching his post, he must challenge them by the words " Wlwcome&tliereV and at the same moment part arms ; but if posted where a sudden rush might be made upon him, he will at once come to the charge — if the person approaching gives a satisfactory reply the sentinel will direct him to pass ; — after the challenge, " Wlio comes there ?" should the reply be " Rounds/^ he must instantly demand " Wluit Rounds ?" if answered " Grand Rounds,'''' and he is posted at the guard-house, he must say, " Sta7id Grand Rminds^^ and turn out the guard by calling out " Guard, turn out^ remaining steady on his post till the officer has received them, and they have passed. If ho is posted elsewhere than at the guard-house, after the reply of " Grand Rounds^'' he must say " Stand, Grand Rounds, advance one, attd give the countersign," immediately coming to the 2Jort, in which position he will receive the counter sign, tiHet which he must desire them to pass, by saying, ** Pass Grand Roimds, alPs ivell^'* shouldering his arms at the same time, and presenting as the rounds pass him. Visiting rounds are received in the same manner by sentinels. "^^Iipvj j^j-v-j^^^jp ofi-j-jf|'jf»o fiyp. ''inHt.pfl ihn front. one. on nlinllencr- ing, will come to the charge and the rear one to the port. Thai that of orders t] they ne Sentri wards to an office selves in instant h of their comes uj Sentri( approach If a re] in a rank footpaths marched leading, right; he fixed. H ficer hay ended to ers of a ther offi- sentinels 8 1 Navy rs of the h guards entinels, a proper I to their evening manding uit must icmg his ihing his ;s tJiere .?" where a ce come isfactory lallenge, he must " Grand nust say, y calling it till the after the Rounds, oming to fgM, after ss Grand ime,and entinels. MISCELLANEOUS. 67 The duties of sentinels on out-posts before an enemy, beyond that of vigilance on their posts, and a strict attention to the orders that are given them, can only be learned by practice : they never pay any compliments. SENTFIES. Sentries posted with shouldered arms, are permitted after- wards to support, but not to slope them. On the approach of an officer, they immediately carry their arms, and put them- selves into their proper --sition, which is not to be done at the instant he passes, but by the time he is within twenty yards of their post, so that they may be perfectlv steady before he comes up. Sentries are to port arms when challenging any person approaching their posts. RELIEFS. If a relief consists of iess than fmr men, it is to be formed m a rank entire, with the corporal on the right ; and on the footpaths in st/eets, or in narrow thoroughfares, it i.^ to be marched in file in a single rank, with the corporal in fronv, leading. On all other occasions, the corporal is to be on the right ; he is to carry his arms advanced, with his bayonet fixed. ibnllenfir- ort. II I I I ( 58 ) TO FIRE A FEU DE JOIE. The line drawn up at open order (double distance), with shouldered arms and bayonets fixed. With Blank Cartridge, Load. In quick time, as per Regulation. Ready As per Hegulation. Present Elevated in the air. The right-l:;r ud man of the front rank commences the fire, which will run down the front and up the rear, as quick as possible. When the right-hand man of the rear rank ha^ fired, the whole will glance their eyes to the right, to bring the firelock to the loading position, and when loaded, they will remain steady, waiting for the word — Ready, Present. As before directed. The same to be repeated a third time. After the third fire, the whole will glance their eyes to the right, bring the firelocks to the priming position, and then shoulder by word of command. Shoulder Arms, " Presetit Arms, Sfwulder Arms, Order Arms, As per Regulation. Three cheers. ( 59 ) E. DIRECTION FOE FUNERAL PARTIES. ince), with )n. front rank n down the as possible, le rear rank heir eyes to the loading will remain d time. will glance 1 firelocks to shoulder by The party appointed for the escort, according to the rank of the deceased, is to be drawn up two deep, with open ranks and unfixed bayonets, facing the house or marquee where the corpse IS lodge ; and when it is brought out, the officer commanding will give the following words of command : PRESENT ARMS. REVERSE ARMS. ' (Explanation for Reversing Arms.) Throw the firelock out to the front to the full extent of the left arm, give the butt a cant with the right hand towards the body, the muzzle is turned straight over to the front, seize the firelock with the right hand at the swell, muzzle pointing down, guard as high as the chin. Seize the cock with the left hand without moving the fire- lock, give the firelock a cant under the left arm, the right hand IS thrown behind the body and grasps the firelock, the right heel at the same time is brought to its original position. The officers' swords are reversed under the right arm, the point of the sword downwards, grasping the hilt with theriffht hand. ° The Serjeant's fusils are reversed also under the left arm. REAR RANKS TAKE CLOSE ORDER, MARCH. The party will then wheel forwards or backwanls by divi- siors, or sub-divisions, as circumstances may required, and will stand a column, the left i)i front, until the nvDnossinr. ic rpir'- When Uie ranks will be opened by word of command. ^ 60 FUNERAL PARTIES. MARCH. The party move off in slow time, followed by the music, with drums muffled, playing the Dead March. ^fie €ovpfit, PALL-BEARERS OP EQUAL RANK WITH THE DECEASED. CHIEF MOURNERS. OFFICERS TWO AND TWO, According to rank, the juniors next to the body of the depeased. When the first division of the funeral party arrives near the burial ground, the word of command, " Halt," is given, and the officer commanding will order the ranks of the divisions to wheel to the right and left, having been previously told off for that purpose, and facing inwards, forming a lane for the corpse to pass through. REST UPON YOUR ARMS REVERSED. {Expla?iation.) The firelock is quitted by the right hand and brought to a perpendicular position ; the muzzle placed upon the toes of the left foot. The right and left hands open are placed upon the butt-end of the firelock. STAND AT EASE. The soldiers' heads lean on the back of the left hand, so as to look towards the corpse. The corpse, &c., having passed through the lane, the word " Attention" is given, on which the soldiers raise their heads. REVERSE AEMS. The ranks are then wheeled up, and at *« Open Order" move in slow time, and form in line in the same order near to and f facing the grave. the music, Ihe es near the given, and U visions to sly told off ine for the ID. fought to a ! toes of the d upon the liand, so as !, the word leir heads. der" move Lear to and § FUNERAL PARTIES. 61 The command will then be given, REST UPON YOUR ARMS REVERSED. STAND AT EASE. ATTENTION. Present Arms. 1st. Seize the firelock with the left hand ^t the swell, thumb in front, back of the hand towards the body. rilf l ®7! *^t '""^^ ^^ *^^ ^"« with the right hand, the back of it to the left, thumb pomtmg down. .1. ^f •/"''' *^^ ^'^^°°^ ^^*^ the butt towards the body to the position of presented arms SHOULDER ARMS. LOAD WITH BLANK CARTRIDGE. FIRE THREE VOLLEYS IN THE AIR. ORDER ARMS. FIX BA fONETS. SHOULDER ARMS. REAR RANKS TAKE CLOSE ORDER. ( 62 ) LIGHT INFANTRY. GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR LIGHT INFANTRY FOEMATIONS, S. 1. Duties, Movements, Training, ^c. Object of light infan- The duties of light troops in the field are try movements. ^^^^ varied and important ; to them the safe guard of the camp is usually intrusted, and by them the cantonments of the army are pro- tected from the sudden or unexpected ap- proach of the enemy. When the army is in motion, the light infantry reconnoitre the country in its front, feel for the enemy, or clear the way for columns in advancing, and protect them from being too closely pressed upon or harassed, in retreating. They con- ceal and cover the movements and man- oeuvres of the line, watch the motions of the enemy, and ascertain the nature of the ground and country in advance of the main body ; and upon their efficiency, the general, often very much, depends for the necessary information to enable him to regulate and direct his columns. 3NS, e field are m. the safe 3d, and by ly are pro- lected ap- army is in noitre the enemy, or icing, and sly pressed They con- and man- ions of the re of the ' the main Le general, necessary gulate and LIGHT INFANTRY. 63 tlTLnUn^Jt" 2; ^fsme-t, tact, and decision on the part of officers, and individual intelligence and correctness of eye, whether in selecting cover, or m taking aim, are the chief requisites in good light troops, and which alone can in- sure the prompt and accurate performance of the duties enumera^' d in No. I. X^'i^'^^iS:, I' When battalions of the line are in per- movements in ex- '^ct order in all the detail of line movements tended order. it is essential that they should be practised in certain extended formations. It is always desimble that a battalion of the line, in the absence of any force of light infantry beyond the light companies of regiments, should be competent to assist in protecting the frontand flanks of a column of march ; and the forma- tion of an advanced guard and the posting of piquets apply to all descriptions of infantry General remark 4. The first thing to be attended to in the training of light infantry is the careful in- struction of officers and non-commissioned officers These points, indeed, constitute the elements of discipline in every corps, whose excellence or deficiency will ever be in To! portion to the degree of information possessed by those who are to instruct the soldier and supermtend his actions j but in light corns especially,thenecessityofdevotingadditionaI time and attention to this object will become b lit? of ^f^'^r'"' T^'"" ^^ °°"«i^^r the lia- bihty of this branch of the service to be de- tached in small parties, demanding in con- TfTr'' "'/^'' r'* J""^°^ S^-^^^^^' ^^^'^^^tent which circumstances may daily call for in the field. The Ho-ht infl^v,*.,. ^J. .. , * seivice, IS constantly intrusted with com- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) h A A /A (/. xp f/- 1.0 I.I 1^124 112.5 |50 "^ ISS 2.0 12.2 1.8 iLiI 111 11.6 Hiotographic Sciences Corporalion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14380 (716) 87a-45C3 V V f/. xp "It *• 64 LIGHT INFANTRY. mand, and thrown upon his own resources, ought therefore to possess that quick and cer- tain coup d^teil (only to be acquired by prac- tice), which will enable him readily to adapt his measures to the ground on which he may be acting, whether in driving back an enemy, in advancing, or in checking his progress in retiring : — in a word, he should be trained so as to prepare him for every contingency that may occur in the field, and be taught to know and feel that there are few situations in which a small body, ably conducted, may not retire in safety and with honour in pre- sence of a large one. S. 2. Signals and Sounds for regulating Movements. 1. Signals and sounds are necessary in va- rious situations ; they are intended as substi- tutes for the voice ; but as they are liable to be misunderstood they should never be resorted to, excepting when the voice cannot reach, or for the purposes of drill and instruc- tion. To be ai few and as 2. For this reason, and as the same sound •imple as possible. ^^^^ ^ different key, or in different time, is apt to occasion mistakes, they ought to be as few and as simple as possible. No movement to be 3. No movement should ever be executed last sound of the ^^^^^ the bugle sound is perfectly finished ; and ^"sl«' in the combinations of the sounds with the " JPiVe," that sound should always be the last, otherwise the company might immediately commence a fire upon the spot ;_ and if the march or retreat were to follow, it would not be heard. vn resources, lick and cer- ired by prac- dily to adapt hich he may jk an enemy, is progress in be trained so ingency that be taught to 3W situations ducted, may )nour in pre- ovements. Bssary in va- [ed as substi- ey are liable uld never be voice cannot and instruc- 1 same sound srent time, is ight to be as be executed Lnished ; and ids with the s be the last, immediately ;_and if the it would not LIGHT INFANTRY. 65? 4. The following sounds' appear sufficient for every situation in which lighi infantry can be employed : f as established, and The Officer's Call, | therefore not num- ( bered. I. To Extend— from that part of the line where the bugle sounds, except preceded by the distinguishing G. II. To CLosE-:-to the spot from whence it proceeds, and for skirmishers to run in upon the supports, except preceded by the distin- guishing G. m. To Advance— in order of the present formation. IV. To Halt— in the same order ; except- ing in retiring by alternate ranks, in which case they form up to the front. The halt annuls all previous sounds except to fire. V. To Fire.— If when halted, they fire upon the spot, skirmishers selecting their ob- • jects. If on the march, whether advancing itta general line or retiring by alternate ranks, the men of a file fire alternately, one being always loaded. VI. Cease Firing.— Every man to cease firing, and load. yil. To Retreat.— When not firing, to retire immediately in quick time. The line, reserves, and skirmishers, facing to the right about, if no other order or rate is specified. VIII. Assembly.— This sound may be used on many occasions, rz«., to turn out a corjis or company at any time by day or night : to J 66 LIGHT INFANTRY. > repair to a place of rendez-vous previously appointed, when extended as skirmishers, and surprised by cavalry in open ground. For skirmishers, with their supports and re- serves, to run in upon the battalion. IX. Incline to the Right. If on the msiich Left slioulders forward. If halted, the skirmishers will take ground to the right in file. X. Incline to the Left. Right shoulders forward, or Left face, according as the skir- mishers may be in motion or halted. XI. The Alarm. • 5. The following signals being repetitions, or combinations of the preceding sounds, are not numbered : The Advance and Retreat. — Sounded when inclining to a flank, indicate, that suf- ficient space has been gained to a flank, and that the original direction is to be resumed. "When a line of skirmishers, or an advanced or rear guard, is required to occupy more space to the right and left," >uj bugle will sound jTrowi the centre extend, upon which they will open out to one-half more than their original extension. Distinction between 6. If, when the battalion or company is closer*^"' ^ ^"^ ^"^ detached the skirmishers have to close, they always run in upon the supports in the firat ■place, and the assembly will afterwards be the signal for the whole to close in upon the battalion : but if the assembly sounds first, without any close, it is a signal for the whole to make the best of their way to the rear of the battalion ; in which case they must move as rapidly as they can, as this implies the Time IP li ous previously s skirmishers, open ground, pports and re- ilion. ?. If on the If halted, the to the right in tight shoulders ig as the skir- alted. tig repetitions, ig sounds, are AT. — Sounded cate, that suf- a flank, and be resuraed. an advanced occupy more -uj bugle will an which they ire than their ir company is to close, they •ts in the Jirst afterwards be 30 in upon the r sounds first, for the whole ■ to the rear of cy must move is implies the LIGHT INFANTRY. 67 necessity of greater expedition : the supports fall back in steady double time, ff skir- mishers are pursued when the assembly is sounded, they should be taught to keep wide of the battalion. 7. The Advance— Retreat— Halt— Fire — Cease Firing, are the only sounds which should be repeated by all the buglers on every occasion. S;^e^t"/V/?n! ,f- The use ofthe bugle may be consider- ".reasei, abjy mcreased by adopting the use of three simple G's, as distinguishing sounds. One G to denote the right of the line. Two G's, the centre. Three G's the left. This, preceding any sound, denotes the part of the line to which it applies. For in- stance, two G's before the extend, signifies to extend from the centre. One G followed by the close, signifies to close to the right. When no G is prefixed to the extend, it will mean from that part of the line where the bugle sounds. 9. There should be a pause of three se- conds between all orders by sounds. 10. Signals by bugle sounds do not apply to bodies of troops in reserve. 11. When no particular time is specified, light infantry movements, in close order, will usually be in quick time, formations from file or on the march excepted. Formations from extended order, and extensions on the march, are in double time, subject always to the dis- cretion of the commanding oflicer, who will 1'ime of movement. 68 LIGHT INFANTRY. p neret apply it so as to harass or exhaust the men unnecessarily. There are, however, oc- casions of constant occurrence upon service where no other time will suit, — such, ibr example, as to seize an advantageous point ; and in formations on the march, when it is desirable that the leading company (or sec- tion) of a column should continue to advance, while the line is rapidly formed upon it, by those in the rear bringing shoulders forward, and moving up in double time, each company following and conforming to the movement of the one in front of it, without waiting for any word of command. There are many situa- tions in which a light corps may be placed before an enemy, where this kind of training will be found both useful and effective. Note. — Every regiment should have a well marked and simple regimental call. S. 3. Detail of Formation. 1 . When soldiers are dril] ed by word of command, they move at the last word, which should be given short : — Paces— From the Right — Extend. Paces — From the Centre — Extend, &c. To the Right — Close, &c. Advance — Halt — Fire — Retire, &c. Light companies should often be practised in judging their own distance of files ; the points on which the flanks are to rest being previously notified. To extend from As soon as the order is given, (either by the halt, word of command, or by bugle,) the officers drop to the rear : the captain places himself I )r exhaust the , however, oc- upon service lit, — sach, ibr ageous point ; eh, when it is ipany (or sec- le to advance, ed upon it, by Iders forward, 3ach company movement of /aiting for any e many situa- nay be placed ind of training jffective. 11 marked and ind, they move rt : — Paces— D, &c. c. judging their 3 flanks are to 'en, (either by 3,) the officers places himself LIGHT INFANTRY. 69 in rear of the centre ; the first lieutenant is in rear of the right, the second in rear of the left ; the third subaltern remains with the captain, ready to receive his orders. The Serjeants fall likewise to the rear. At the last sound of the bugle, the named file stands fast ; the remainder trail arms, face, and ex- tend in quick time, unless ordered to move at the t-ouble march. 2. The front rank men of files move straight before them, covering correctly on the march ; their respective rear rank men cast their eye over the inward shoulder, and tap their front rank men, at the distance of two, four, six or any other given number of paces, as a signal for them to halt, front, and order arms. 3. The paces are indicated by the previous caution of the commanding officer ; but if no number is specified, six paces is the regulated distance between the files. If the left hand file, who leads on this occasion, be a steady man, and has moved correctly on his front, the line will require little dressing, to much attention to which, in extended order, is to be carefully avoided. If the distance be- tween the files be not correct it must not be altered by closing or opening out : this can only be done upon the march. Tojire in extend- 4. So soon as the « Fire'' has sounded, the ^arder ^i the front rank men fire and commence loading and the rear rank men (when it is their turn to fire) take a step often inches to the right with the right foot, and, as soon as they have fired, they will again cover their front rank men and load. Distance of Files. g^ 70 LIGHT INFANTRY. To cease Jirin ■S- I To fire kneeling on the spot. To fire lying. iS I ra* 5. Ill this manner the filing is continiied, until the bugle sounds the " Cease."" After this sound, not a shot must be heard ; the unloaded men re-load as rapidly as possible, and the whole then remain steady, and ready to move. 6. This caution is repeated by the officers, and, where there is any deficiency of them, by the Serjeants, along the line. The bugle sounds the " Fire,^^ and the whole drop in- stantly on the knee. The right knee is on the ground, and the right leg to the rear. The reir rank man, in coming down, disen- gages to the right, so as to be able to fire clear of his front rank man. The firing proceeds as before, with this difference, that the rear rank men retain their place, and continue disengaged, to avoid the awkward move- ment covering and uncovering upon their knees. 7. The caution to Lie doion is given as above, and at the " Fire^"* the whole drop on both knees, (the rear rank men disengaging,) and throw themselves on their bellies ; — the firing proceeds as before ; the men load on their knees, or they may load lying, though the latter is an objectionable position, and very liable to accident. E-iflemen may fire on their backs in favourable situations ; in this position the feet are crossed, the right foot passing through the sling of the rifle, and the piece supported by it ; but this posi- tion is not suited to the musket of light infan- try companies of the line : it furnishes a steady aim with a rifle. If, in a very ex- posed situation, the soldier attemps to load lying, he will, after priming, roll over on his back, and, placing the butt between his legs, LIGHT INFANTRY. 71 g is continiied, Cease.:' After be heard ; the ily as possible, ady, and ready )y the ofRcers, iiency of them, 6. The bugle whole drop in- ght knee is on g to the rear. I down, disen- •le to fire clear firing proceeds ;, that the rear , and continue kward move- ig upon their n IS given as whole drop on disengaging,) ' bellies ; — the } men load on lying, though ! position, and jmen may fire situations ; in ssed, the right J of the rifle, but this posi- of light infan- it furnishes a in a very ex- temps to load )11 over on his kvcen his legs, The line ivill advmice. The line retire. vMl To fire — advan- cing. the lock upwards, and the muzzle a little elevated, draw his ramrod, and go on with his loading without exposure, rolling over on his breast again when ready to fire. 8. At the last sound of the bugle to " Ad- vancer the whole step off in quick time, keeping their distances from the centre. 9. At the last sound of the bugle the whole go to the left about and retire together, rear rank leading. .o J^>i^V"^ ^f "^^ *^'° ^^^nt rank man of each file fires and instantly drops to the rear by the left of his comrade, and loads upon the march ; and as soon as he is loaded, he will give the word « Ready^' in an under tone of voice, and the other man fires and proceeds m the same manner, taking care that both men are never unloaded at the same time. The men must cover their file leaders, who without withdrawing their attention from' the objects in their front, can with a glance of the eye avoid losing distance, or getting before or behind the file next to them to- wards their centre. NoTE.--When any difficulty is experienced in loading on the march, (with riflemen, for example,) the men, after firing, may drop to the rear, and halt to load, running up to their file leaders (who continue moving on) when loaded, and giving the word « Ready^^ as before-so on alternately. In Sradf practice, however, on open ground, if. is desirable that the inen should always go through the motions on the march, as It tends to make them expert and handy with their arms. To fire-retiring. 11. If in motion the whole halt ; the front rank men gives their fire, and move straight to the rear, loading on the march : when their loading is completed they will halt, front, and kneel down, in the position of ,••!! I rjts Halt. To dose. To extend while a division is ad- vancing ;—from the centre— from the right — w, from the left. LIGHT INFANTRY. making ready. Then the rear rank men (who had kneeled down when their front rank men retired) will fire and retire smartly in the same manner, passing to the proper left of their fiont rank men, and commencing their loading as soon as they have passed, halt, front, and kneel when loaded, as he- fore : — thus the ranks continue to retire al- ternately, as soon as they hear the ramrods working of the rank that has retired. In the field, however, the distance to be taken by each rank in retreating will depend upon the movemenfs of the enemy, the nature of the ground, and other circumstances ; but when cover presents itself at hand, the men should always avail themselves of it. 12. At this signal, if advancing, the skirmishers kneel down, taking advantage of any inequalities of the ground in their neigh- bourhood, and continuing to fire until the Cease firing has sounded. If the skirmishers are retiring, the rank next the enemy will stand fast (or face about if not already front- ing towards the enemy), and the other rank closes up to it, kneeling down ; and the whole continue firing, taking care that both ranks are never unloaded at the same time. 13. On the signal being sounded, the men trail arms, face to the point required, close in quick time, and order arms. If on the march, the named file moves steadily on, the remainder make a half-turn and close in double time. 14. In all these cases, the files from which the extension takes place move straight for- ward in quick time ; the others make a half- turn to the flank to which they are ordered to extend, and move off at double time. As LIGHT INFANTRY, 73 ices ; but when the men should soon as each file has got its regular distance, It will turn to tho iront, and advance, resum- ing the quick time j rear rank men covering !'>w?°'!f- '"""^ *"""' ^^ ^^^^^S in line With the directing file. ToJn^Jineto the 15 The skirmishers make a half-turn to Inline to the left. (1^^ ^ "^^'"^ ^^'^ ^'^ °'^^^^^ ^•^ i««li«e> Advance. ^^^^^^ "^^".^ "^^^ covering their front rank men) and continue in the diagonal direction, un il the « Advame>' is sounded, when they will return to their original front, and move forward as before, li, when the skirmishers have made the half-turn, the bugle should ^ sound the « Imline"^ a second time, the men's shoulders should be brought up, so as to com- plete the face, and march in file. l^fij'^-^^n, ^.^o fire when inclining to the right or ^ ^' left, the front rank men halt, take stead^ aim hmd their reaj- rank men, rnd loading on the march j the rear rank men halt and fire as soon as their front rank men are loaded, and drop to the rear of their front rank, and so on alternately. tn!^;/* **"'" ''^^^' *^ ^^«le ^ront, and kneeldown,continuingto fire until the signal for Cease FiHng» has sounded. to the HfM'm iJ^'J^^l^^^ ^!^ faces to the right,kneel- the right $1:'^ ^f;/^^ 1?^V. "P ^^ '''^^'- ^t the word i)oa^/, Ma^ch, they bring the left shoulders forward, and form on the right file. The distance wiU be preserved from the halted flank. Each file will move in the shortest line to its situation in the new posi- tion, and instantly kneel down ^^s ^l' f ''• f^X^^^o^^g^ wing backward or jw^s far. forward, the distance offiles must be preserved ^ Irom the inward flank, and they must look to To halt from the incline. Change front : to the right, the right ^le. Double March. i'y> .11 I k ■«S 74 LIGHT INFANTRY. the outward flank for dressing, and bring forward the shoulders gradually, conforma- bly to its progress. Change front on 20. The left hand file faces to the right the left file, right kneeling. The others rise up, trail, and face thrown back, to the right about ; step off at the double Double March. march, and, when in line, face about and kneel. General Remark. 21. The movements and formations laid down in this section comprise the elementary part of light infantry drill in extended order, as taught the soldier on parade. The appli- cation of the drill to field purposes, compris- ing the instruction of the soldier in the value of ground, &c., will be treated of in the next and subsequent sections, which have for their object the training of the soldier to a practi- cal knowledge of his duties in the field be- fore an enemy. . S. 4. Skirmishing. 1. Skirmishing or acting in extended order requires, more than any other military for- mation, constant practice, on every possible variety of ground, to make a soldier expert at it : here the sagacity and experience of the man must often in a great measure supply the want of orders and directions from the officer. To his own eye and judgment the skirmisher must often trust in regulating his movements : it is therefore obvious, that without intelli- gence, and habits of observing, and profiting by, localities, — and without confidence in himself, the result of knowledge thus ac- quired, and of expertness in the use of his musket, — no man ever will become an effi- cient skirmisher. M)ses, compris- LIGHT INFANTRY. 75 bv^'fiilT'*"''' "' '=<""P«°i'=». m^y extend by file, from any part of the line, and at var.o.« d«tance,, as may be ordered and" « a rule that the men of a file invariably ac together, to inspire confidence, and to afford mutual protection and support. h"''""™*'-/- ^r-ed skirmishers are eoverned by I circumstances and situation : they mu,I never, however, get too ftr in advance ,0 a! to expose their flanks, but must regXe Iw movements by the files upon theif r^t and eft. They wUl fire either standing, kneel- mg or lymg, as the case may requfe ever ^.rm,shmgareasure,quick,and steady aim together w.th that ready tact in seizing, at a a man to do the utmost injury to his enemy with the least exposiue to himself. ^ 4. In the field, skirmishers advance in a general hne, pushing on, or falling Ck S>m post top«t,and neverst^nding eLsed etn for an mstant, when there is cov!r of Tnv when obhged to advance, across an'^°S space, upon an enemy posted under cover wards L' ""'f ^"-^ -■""IteneousrusMo.' wards the pomt : a regular and systematic advance, across such ground, however re^! lutely conducted, would entail a greatTd very useless sacrifice of lives. iGeneralliiieof akir- Imuhera. I advance in a "c hwa! line firing. 5. At the signal to mn, the front rank man of each file fires and instantly droTto the rear by the left of his comrade, and bads ^ qmckly as he can upon the MAHc„,giWng the word KEADT when loaded, as the signa! for h.s file leader (who has continued S 76 To retire firing. LIGHT INFANTRY. ing on, in a threatening altitudes.) to fire. As often, however, as cover of any kind pre- sents itself within reach, each file, in mutual concert, will make for it, one man running on while his comrade covers his advance, by aiming at th6 enemy, and distracting his attention : he then in turn runs forward, when the cover is secured, and both con- tinue to fire from the spot as many shots as circumstances and the general movements of the line may sanction, always remember- ing, that the great object in advancing is to drive back the enemy's skirmishers, ra- pidly and in confusion, on their reserves, giving them no time for 'Allying, or mak- ing a stand. It is by individual intelligence and judgment in the knowledge of ground and choice of cover, — by the combination of individual exertion, directed to a general end, rather than by the semblance of uniformity,— that the proficiency and excellence cf light troops must be judged and estimated. 6. On a plain the skirmishers may retire by alternate ranks, as prescribed in last section ; but whenever the country is in the least degree wooded, broken, or inclosed, it will always be found advisable to retrre in a general line, ti-usting to the skill of the officer, and the firmness and intelligence of the men, for dis- puting it successfully. By this method the well-trained skirr .isher, whose eye is formed by practice, will often find cover and destroy hid enemy, where his inexperienced comrade would stand exposed. Before moving, the skirmisher is taught to scan the ground he is to traverse i;i foiling back . and having s^^lected his next station, he >viil make for it with the utmost expedition. When a line of skir- iititud©) to fire, of any kind pre- jh file, in mutual man running on his advance, by I distracting his n runs forward, , and both con- t as many shots neral movements ways remember- in advancing is i skirmishers, ra- 1 their reserves, illying, or mak- idual intelligence vrledge of ground e combination of I to a general end, 3 of uniformity, — ccellence cf light estimated. tier; may retire by sd in last section ; in the least degree , it will always be in a general line, e officer, and the f the men, for dis- f this method the lose eye is formed cover and destroy lerienced comrade jfore moving, the 1 the ground he is od having s^^lected ike for it with the 1 a line of skir- LIGHT INFANTRY. TJ mishers is hard pres:rt as the right and ch of the racticable, lishers are )f the sup- L with res- il the two ny part of ired in the :thened by apanies or e ; in that md divide 3d by call- ^hich case end to the cancies of » skirmish raely sup- leral prin- :hat never Ebrward to If remain }d in skir- iumn, and ileraent of exceed a sompanies three left «ed ranks, in double imed file. Lb Hi. t^uiva. ^miiidAm 1 1 I I a K oo o a oo oo O o oo o« OQ- oo oo QO OP OO OO oc o o o o o o o o i C* — ; oolr ' O O oo oo O o o o o 1 oo A ■v 1 i O 1 00 oo 1 r i _^ 1 O ¥ '^ O 1 o o ^s O " o o c r oo o o o o n o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o i: O oo oo 00 eo i 'I, f-(«M*»otC-r. 45«>2 jif'- / The battalii column cove tront of the or brigade. Plato 2 LIGHT TNFANTEY. ^1 »o tf r. « «* S time. The supports divide the ground by- companies in the rear, one towards each flank, the third behind the centre ; and when the skirmishers are a hundred yards in ad- vance, they will move on followed by the reserve . The distribution and distance of the supports must, however, always be left in a great measure to the field officer in charge of them, and he can be guided only by circum- stances, and the nature of the country in his front. Should one half of the line of skir- mishers, for example, occupy safe and strong ground, while the other half is exposed to danger on the plain, it is obvious that the one wing would require more support than the other. The commanding officer moves on, at the head of the main reserve of four companies, to sustain the whole, sometimes in column, sometimes in line, as the situation and the presence of cavalry, or the fire of artillery, may require . His eye embraces the whole theatre of operations, and he is ever ready to avail himself of every advantage that may offer. The battalion from 21. Should the battalion in column be re- column covenns the • ^ . ii/> /,, " ^^ i^ Jiont of the division qu/^'ed to cover the front of the division or or brigade. Plato 2. brigade, the front company will, on the cau- tion, move to the right in column of sections by the command. Sections, left slmdders for- wdrd,forwaru, following the direction of the outer flank of the third company from the front, which extends from its centre, the second company from the front moves sections right slioulders forward, to the left, in like manner following the direction of the left of No. 3. Nos. 1 and 2, when on the extremi- ties of the extended line of No. 3, will shoiiU dm-s forward into line, and extend from their j-'iSiuiiCC uuLvvcuii SiUrrni.vners 82 LIGHT INFANTRy. examt six paces. Simultaneous with the above movements, No. 4 wheels forward by sections to the right, and moves to form the right sup- port ; No. 5, by sections to the left, to form th^ left support ; No. 6 marches direct to the front, and forms the centre support. The re- maining four companies of the battalion form Change of front (for the reserve. Should a change of front be 'iple,toiheright.)ygqyjyQ^ (to the right). No. 4 wheels to the right and extends from the right : Nos. 6 and Plate 3. 5 bring their shoulders forward, and march to their places in the new alignment, where they extend and elongate the line of skir- mishers. The old skirmishers close to that flank which will remove them farthest from the enemy's fire, and as soon as closed are matrched by companies to the rear of the re- serve, which sends out the three front com- panies to form new supports. 22. When a liflfht battalion marches in open column in the vicinity of an enemy, one com- pany will be formed in front, as an advanced guard ; one in rear, as a rear guard ; and half a company on each flank, as flanking parties. 23. The same disposition will extend to a brigade of the line, when the three light com- panies may be employed in the same manner. N" Flanking [larties. 24. The company to perform this duty will extend its sub-divisions, so as to cover the entire flank, or flanks, of the column with in- termediate supports if necessary. The whole will move in file parallel to the column, and the leading file will take the outside flank skirmishers of the advanced guard for his general line of march. Wlien the column halts, the flankers and supports face outwards to the enemy. i if — I ■i- le above J sections right sup- > form th^ ct to the There- lion form ' front be els to the ^os. 6 and ad march it, where 3 of skir- B to that hest from jlosed are of the re- ront com- es m open > one com- advanced ; and half ig parties. ctend to a light com- e manner. N" /'atre'SZ: t ■ "or J duty will cover the a with in- rhe whole umn, and ;side flank fd for his le column 5 outwards ■4- O O o o n I L " o o o o „ • ••• o o c- ;„"."„" ," ;' I I o . » o o . , „ _ ooooooo N" 111 S » « -I \\ (Hi ccooooocoooooooooo oeccooo • o'a o«ooooooo»oo oc oooo o O O (I o o o ( '/r,t/i{jlt/ij Jriiri/ I't J'ftfli' .V.' t — r, — I — - -Jt- (Hi o o o O C- C c o o o o o I..L1..L onooooaoo oc o oooooooooooooooooooooo OOOOOOOOfiP"* o o o o o o o o o o o o i'Jr,t/ajit'i.' Jr.ni/ '.■ f/i.' 'ujfU Ho m nil LIGHT INFANTRY. 83 How the unify of ok wi^av, v»,^- ^i companies when , , ^^'^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ One company is em- preSve^ " ^''' '^r'7''''^ l"" .skirmishing, one company .shouJd preserved. skirmish and another snpport. Unneccssarv division of part is always objectionable. Shirmishers to clear 2fi WViom r. ^^„ • , . the fr„nt of the bat- r, ^ , ,^^^^ ^ Company IS skirmishing in talion when the as- "ont ol a battalion, and the ASSEMBLY sounds sen^bly so.u.ls. it is of the Utmost consequence that the front' of th.. battalion should be left clear as soon as possible. Howtornninonthe 27. The skirmishers, therefore, if detached to any distance, must endeavour instantly to discover the exact situation of the battalion, and decide m what direction torunin,adopt- mg that mode which will least impede, and soonest leave it in a situation for firino- or advancing. ° Formation of square. 28. When the battalion formssquare, they will take the most direct and short way to the rear, and close up and compose the rear lace. 29. If the skirmishers are not called in while the battalion performs any movement they must with the utmost rapidity, ehange their situation so as to correspond with the new order of the battalion ; and their atten- tion and activity are chiefly required in pro- tecting jt during the change. SeJs^^Ki^Sr . ^': ^^ skirmishing across a country either supports when charg- in advance or in retreat, there is nothinn- tn ed by cavalry. be more guarded against than a sudden rush of cavalry upon the extended line, while pass ing over any open space that may present Itself. To protect the skirmishers from as saults of this nature, to give them time to rally, and to cover their formation, is one of tho chief duties of supports, which should 84 LIGHT INFANTRY. therefore be composed of compact bodies, not tixed to any particidar point, but ever present- ing themselves where the skirmishers are most exposed to danger from the enemy's horje — watching the flanks, and such other parts of tho line as way be threatc led, or appear m^st vulnerable. Supports are poirts 31. It is clearl y understood that the supports of formation for the „ i+i j i ■ ^ -^ J skirmishers when ^^® °-^v ^"^ "^^ considered as pomts ei forma- charged only when tion for the skirmishers, when there is suffi- a formation without risk or confusion and under no circumstances so as to interfere with their opening a fire when necessary. When circumstances render it imprudent for the skirmishers to endeavour to join the support, they will in that case run in upon their own centre, and form the rallying square. Supports and reserve 32. On the first appearance of cavalry the e\Tplt'pVeviru's>e^^<-^'^t support should move towards the ly to forming square, threatened point, and, forming square as directed in Sec. 24-, of Part II, for a com- pany in close order, interpose itself as much as possible between the skirmishers and the cavalry. The main reserve will at the same time draw nearer the supports, and, forming square, sustain the smaller bodies of which it forms the centre. Rail; not i cove Gene Gener advani Rallying square. 33. The ALARM followed by the assembly will be sounded on the first appearance of the enemy's cavalry, when, if there is no cover within reach, and not sufficient time to form on the support, the skirmishers will form the rallying square, the officer on whom it forms taking care so to station himself for its formation, us not to cloud Lhc front of tlic support. Their coniinj conten LIGHT INFANTRY. 85 odies, not r present- ihexs are enemy's icli other tf led, or ; supports f forma- ! is suffi- complete siou and interfere ecessary, aprudcnt join the in upon g square. /airy the irds the [uarc as ' a com- as much I and the the same forming which it SSEMBLY ranee of no cover 5 to form ill form n whom isclf for it of the 34. But when there is cover near, such as Rallying square need not be ll^rmeil when i j t. , , _ cover js at hand. ^ Hedge, ditch, copse, kc, the skirmishers should at once make for it, and aid the supports by a cross fire. , General remark 35. Even in the most sudden rush of cavalry that can happen, when there is neither cover nor time to form the rallying square, the in- dividual firmness and intelligence of the men should enable them to protect each other. They should be taught to make formations for defence, however small, against contin- gencies of this nature ; two files uniting in the first instance back to back, then three and four files, and so on : this practice will teach them to make the best use of their numbers, whatever they may be; and a skirmisher should be taught to know and feel that m- dividually, a man on foot, with a loaded musket and bayonet in his hand, ought to bo a match for any horseman. To face the danger with firmness and steadiness is, in the smallest bodies, and in the worst emergencies the safest course. ' S. 5. Advanced Guard.- XlfJ^Z '' '• ""^''fr:^ g"^^-'^^ ^^-^ formed for the purpose of feeling the way through a country in front of a column, or the columns of an army— to gain intelligence of the enemy, and to give timely notice of his vicinity or ap- proach, in order that the main body may have time to prepare either for making or rei)elling an attack. I!;7„..S?t--"'"' ^' ^^^^•■^»^>^'^ ft-nards are somoi hno.. p„shpd cording to thu object '^ consulorablo distance in advance of ll«e contemplated. , - . column, for the purpose of seizing a post, or S6 LIGTH INFANTPwY. .N" l\ of anticipating the enemy on some important point : their strength and composition, there- fore, must depend on the distance they are required to precede the main body, the object contemplated, the nature of the country, and a variety of other circumstances which can General rules appli- only be appreciated on the spot. The general "^^ ' ^ ^'^ ^ ' rules and principles, however, which should govern the one, are, with a few obvious exceptions, applicable to all. To guard against surprise or unexpected collision with the enemy, — to watch his motions, or to gain intelligence of his situation, — and to cover and conceal the movements and formation of the main body, — are manifestly the great leading f principles upon which advanced guards should be conducted, whether the object be to fall suddenly on the enemy's piquets, to dislodge him from a post, or merely to give warning of his vicinity. Vigilance, and a careful study of localities, are in every case the mainsprings of success. Advanced guard on 3. When a column is marching along a the line of march, road, the advanced guard will be composed of one or more companies, divided into four parts or sections ; the two rear sections [under the command of the senior officer] Plate 4. will form the reserve, advanced in front of the column ; the second section from the front will be 200 yards in front of the reserve ; and the leading section will be 100 yards in front of the second section, and will detach a double file, under the command of a corporal, 100 yards in its front, and a double file to each flank, 100 yards from the road, and about 50 yards more retired than the cor- poral's party. Those detached files must cavefuily examine all houses and enclosures .N" l\ /V* ^^ ^■Icft^^anred Ouarrf cm the Line af2farchJ. JOOT3* '% LIGHT INFANTRY. 87 within their reach ; but should more distant objects present themselves, patroles must be detached from the second section for their particular examination. Single files of com- munication will be placed between the dif- ferent divisions, and also between its reserve and the head of the column. The distance between these two last must be regulated by circumstances ; but it will be commonly esti- mated at about 500 yards during the day, and about 300 during the night. f.'«'i"i™.'p';;r^Lt ,t- ^" *''''™"'='= B^''"'^' «» approaching a iiig a village. Village, must proceed with great precaution, if feeling for an enemy. The reserve and advanced parties on the road must be halted beyond the reach of musketry from the vil- lage, while strong flanking parties are sent round the outskirts so as to threaten the rear. The corporal's party on tJie road may then " ^^ove on, in single files, with a considerable interval between them, followed by as many files in succession, from the support, as may be deemed expedient ; and the supports and resrrve will move forward when it has been ascertained that the place is not in the occu- pation of the enemy. The leading files should be instructed that the first object to be sought for in a village is the church, from the belfry of which a view of the surrounding country may be gained. SSLrvX- i- '• ^'''= '"'"'^ "^ "• "''™"<^'='> euard must ous to entering a de- never commit itself by entering a defil6, or fil^ or hollow way. hollow way, without previously occupying the heights on either sides by flanking parties. When the heights arc thus croAvned, tho leadinc partv on flm rnnrl tir;i] cr.«ri ^.. ~ single file, which will be followed by othei-s 9S LIGHT INFANTRY. in succession, near enough to keep the pre- ceding one in view— the flanking parties on either hand continuing to precede the centre until the defil6 is passed, when they will gradually fall back to their former stations, and tlie whole move forward in the original formation. Advanced guard on a 6. An advanced guard on a plain, in pre- plain in presence of ^ . . i j t an enemy. sence of an enemy, is m reality no more than a line of skirmishers with their supports and reserve ; and the rules laid down on this subject, under the head of Skirmishing, are therefore applicable to the object here con- templated. A line of skirmishers 7. Generally speaking, however, when not not reniiired when ,• „„i.„„i . . •,, ., not in aVtual contact ^^ '^^^"^1 contact With the enemy, an ad- with the enemy. vanced guard need not be preceded by a line of skirmishers ; detached parties and judici- ous patrolling are the best means of attaining General rule in ap- the desired end. One general rule obtains, !;3t'&l "^^'^''' ^^■^•' ^^^^^ ^°^^«' ^'^^^Ses, and, generally, every local object capable of aifording con- cealment to an enemy, will invariably be turned, and the rear threatened previous to being/e/« in front : by this means the enemy will be discovered, and most frequently dis- lodged without loss, as he will naturally fall back before his retreat is intercepted, while, if attacked at once in front, without such pre- vious movements, he might still retire in safety afler having inflicted a scJvere loss on the assailants. grS"of e'v^r'k'IS , ^^ ^^'""'f '^}' ^^^^"^^^ ^^^^ds meet with to be carefully cxa- "°SS or other impassable ground of any ex- '"'"'^^' tent, they must not leave it between them- selves and the column, without oarofnl exa- mination i otherwise they might leave an LIGHT INFANTRY. 89 enemy concealed within the chain, and not only risk being cut off themselves, but con- promise the safety of the column. SldSr/gutd?,' ^- ™^ "S"^' commanding an advanced observe every thing S"^^" Should endeavour to observe every himself, and to be thing himself, taking especial care that any fn'h"s'^e';,ort;"""^'^^P°^ts he may have to make are clear, de- in his reports. Conduct of detached parties and patroles in falling in with the enemy. cided, and correct. \ 10. No specific rules can be laid down for the conduct of an advanced guard in every case of falling in with an enemy. It cannot, however, be too strongly impressed on all employed on services of this nature, that nothing is more dangerous or reprehensible than offensive or defensive measures under- taken in an isolated manner : advanced par- ties and patroles should never, therefore, be suffered to engage of their own accord, if it can possibly be avoided ; but, as before re- marked, they should, on the first appearance of an enemy, eicher fall back under cover or hide themselves on the spot (making a signal to the rear) according as he may be coming on, or stationary, — ^in either case securing all the advantages of a surprise. 11. Every advanced guard should be pro- vided with a proportion of axes and intrench- ing tools. 12. No advanced guard or detached party of any kind, after carrying a post, should ever be permitted to advance without re-forming. The men should on no account pursue the flying enemy, but re-form rapidly, and wait for further orders. Usual mode of form- 13. Armies in the field usually form their ing advanced and ^,i - ' Every advanced guard should be pro- vided with axes and iutreuching tools. The advanced guard slmnid invariably re- form afler dislocfging the enemy from any post. rear guards in the "■^^' field. ] iild una rear guards irom the troops employed on piquet : these, whether they 111 ■ y\i 90 Strength. Utility of Patroles. LIGHT INFANTRY. consist of two or more companies, observing different roads, are under the field officer of the day, and the formation and arrangement will be precisely similar to that laid down in No. 3 of this section. The commanding officer retaining at least a third of his whole force, in reserve, in rear of the centre. PATROLES. 1 . The employment and judicious manage- ment of patroles, form an essential part of the precautionary duties of an advanced guard. They may consist of a subaltern's party, a Serjeant and twelve, or a corporal and six men, according to circumstances. 2. The object of a patrole is to obtain in- telligence, and to ascertain the presence of an enemy. They are detached to examine houses, copses, enclosures, &c. near the line of march, capable of affording concealment to the enemy, and too distant to be inspected by the advanced or flanking parties. All heights from which a view of the surround- ing country can be obtained, should also be ascended by patroles, precaution being used to see every thing, if possible, without being seen. A Patrole never 3. It is a rule, therefore, that a patrole commits itselfinac-^g^gj. ^Qj^mits itself in action, if it can be avoided, but retires (under cover if possible) as soon as the requisite information is ob- tained. The rules laid down 4. The rules laid down for the conduct of apply eqdaUy^tlTpa- ^^ advanced guard, in approaching places troles. capable of concealing an enemy, apply with equal force, although upon a smaller scale, to a patrole. The house, or object, to be LIGHT INFANTRY. 91 observing officer of ingement 1 down in imanding his whole re. 5 manage- >art of the ed guard. i party, a 1 and six ibtain in- esence of examine r the line cealment inspected ties. All surround- Id also be eing used Dut being a patrole it can be possible) on is ob- To ascend a hill. searched should, in the first place, be turned by one or two files on either side, and beyond the certain range of musketry ; and this movement of itself will, in most cases, induce the enemy to leave ii ; whereas, if the ap- proach were made in front, it could only be at the certain risk of losing men without an object. When the flanking files have passed the house, so as to command the rear, a file of the patrole advances to examine it, another file remaining behind will watch its motions, and be ready to give assistance, supported by the reserve if required. As soon as the file in advance is satisfied that there is no enemy in the place, one of the men will make a signal, by holding up his firelock above his head, in a horizontal position, and the rear file will join and move forward as before ; the flanking files falling back at the same time to their former places. 5. On coming to a hill the same caution will be observed. The patrole halting at the bottom will detach a file or two, in both di- rections round the base, before any one is permitted to ascend. A file is then sent to the top with instructions not to show itself upon the summit, but to make its observations from behind the brow, creeping on, or lying down, according to circumstances, and the nature of the ground. If no enemy is in sight, a signal as above directed will be made. onduct of ig places ply with ler scale, ct, to be S. 6. Rear Guard. General intention of 1. A rear guard is an advanced guard re- rear guar 8. yersed : its covers the retreating column from any sudden assault in the rear, and it pre- ^ LIGHT INFANTRY. :if- vents the enemy from stealing round, and gaining on the flanks of the main body. The prevention of straggling is also an important part of the duties of a rear guard. Preparations for re- 2. All preparations for retreat, before the treat are made in the „„„^, i, u i, j • ., t, T«ar. enemy, should be made m the rear. For ex- ample, a line, previous to falling back, will extend its skirmishers behind it, concealed from view as much as possible, and with sup- ports and reserve ready to sustain them : these become the rear guard. In many cases an intended retrograde movement is con- cealed under a demonstration of attack, and the troops so employed in deceiving the enemy, will naturally become the rear guard, after that object is attained. 'S'' :;' JeXn ^' 7^^ «*'«"^^ ^" j /• ^.i • . main body. ^^^^^ "^^ ^^^^ S^^^^ of the Circumstance, in order that it may be prepared to hold the enemy in check, during the delay which must ensue ; and when hard pressed it will generally be advisable to halt a detachment at any defil6 or bridge the column may have passed, to make preparations for defence ; to protect the rear guard in passing over, and afterwards to assist it in maintaining the post as long as may be practicable or expedient. Posts of this description may often be de- fended until dark, and thereby afford the greatest relief to the retreating column. Flanking parties to 6. While the rear guard is disputing any be constantly on the • ^ .r. j^ ■, • .- , * a "■ J alert to prevent the pomt, the flankmg parties must be particular- enemy from stealing ly on the alert, to notice any attempt the round the flanks. ^^^^y ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ .^^ flanks, by a ford for example, when the stand is made at a bridge. Indeed, it may always be pre- sumed, that a pursuing enemy will lose no opportunity, that may present itself, of steal- ing round the flanks of their opponents. Iniantry only. °o danger from cavalry), and closely follow- ed by the enemy, the reserve and supports retire I'apidly into the plain, beyond the range of musketry from the enclosures. The sup- ports will then extend and lie down, and the skirmishers, wiien driven to the edge of the inclosures, will run quickly to the rear, pass through the new line of skirmishers, and close into supports. In presence of caval- 8. But wh6n the enemy's cavalry is near, '^' * the main reserve will halt in compact order, and draw off the skirmishers before retirino- into the plain. The supports first retire past 94 LIGHT INFANTRY. the reserve on either flank j and on a given signal the skirmishers will run rapidly to the rear, close ii|)on the supports, and the whole forming close columns of sections will retire with expedition across the open country. The main reserve will then full back with as much celerity asjmay be consistent with good order ; and the rear guard, formed in sepa- rate bodies, but affording mutual protection and support to one another, may thus retire in safety across an open country, in presence of a body of the enemy's cavalry : on again reaching the inclosed country the hedge-rows must be spec lily lined by the supports, and the original formation is resumed. Retiring Plal Plate 5. S, 7. To pass a Bridge or shm BcfilHn contact mth an enemy. Advancing. i . The skirmishers, on reaching the margin of the river, or the line of whatever other impediment may form the defil6, will (when the flanks cannot be gained) lie down and cover themselves, keeping up a brisk fire upon the enemy. The supports on approach- ing the bridge (or defil6) will close in upon the one which may be opposite to it, and, supported by the reserve, charge and force the passage with the bayonet: this point gained, and the reserve having crossed the bridge, the supports will gradually extend from their centre, the reserve maintaining possession of the bridge until the old skirmishers (who keep up their fire, until clouded in succession by the new line) have crossed in double time, and formed themselves into supports.* The whole then move forward according to the Pi(iuet8 cj-iptions, LIGHT INFANTRY, 95 Retiring. Plale 6. 2. In retiring, the reserve first passes, and takes iKJst at the bridge-head (or the outlet of the delil6), immediately detaching parties to both flanks to line the river, in extended order. The supports close in uj^n the one which is opposite the bridge, and, inconii^ct order, halt in front of it, until the line of skirmishers is withdrawn : in order that this may be effected without unnecessary delay, the skirmishers should incline towards the bridge when at some distance from it, and, on arriving near it, they should run briskly over it, and form in rear of the reserve. The supports will then cross, and in like manner joining the reserve, the whole will bo pre- pared to defend the bridge or to retire, as may be ordered. The new line of skirmishers com- mence firing as soon as their front is clear ; and if the retreat is to be continued, supports arc again thrown out between them and the reserve. S. 8. Piquets and their Sentries, Piiiuets of two des- criptions. 1. Piquets are of two descriptions—out- lying and inlying— varying in strenth ac- cording to the extent of front to be guarded and the liability to be attacked. The out- lying piquet is thrown forward a considerable distance in front of the camp or the canton- ments—the inlying piquet usually remains in camp accoutred, and ready to turn out, and support the former at a moment's warning ; having sentries advantageously posted for hearing and observing any alarm in front, and With the advanced post. 96 LIGHT INFANTRY. Ill ^V^^:'^ . 2- f T?/'-\^° ^f^« i" the field more liariy called for upon iMiportant than those of the outpost, or which piquet. should call forth, in a higher degree, the indi- vidual judgment and exertion of all employed on them ; neither is there any other situation, within the range of military service, where the misconduct of a single man could be pro- ductive of such serious consequences, as might attend any want of vigilance in the advanced sentry of a piquet. L1&\S:f°^'" ^' ^^^ Vnncipul duties of an outlying piquet are to secure the safety and repose of the camp, to prevent reconnoissances being made by the enemy, and to gain intelligence of his movements, and even of his intentions, by patrolling, by careful watching, by exa- mining the peasantry of the country, and by all those indications with which every officer ought to be familiar— such as the strengthen- ing of the enemy's posts, unusual bustle or movement in his lines, the sound of troops, or artillery, on the march at night, the dimi- nution or the increase of fires, &c. &c. 4. Piquets in the field are usually taken by brigades, the diflerent regiments furnishing one or more companies as may be required j a field-ofiicer of the day is placed in charge of the whole. The reserve piquet, of such strength as may be necessary, remains under the field-oflicer of the day, at least four hun- dred yards in rear of the centre of the line of advanced piquets, and which is taken up by companies, in direct communication with each other. The chain of sentries is thrown out in front, sufficiently in advance to give timely notice of the enemy's approach, and so placed fts to insure unintejrrvi'^jfp.d ff>ni^itRic"t'0*i from one flank to the other. The field- How cotnjwsed and distributed. Necessary tions for an ojjdered up( Hovr posted. Measures for diMe security i|! field more , or which 3,theindi- employed ■situation, where the 1 be pro- i, as might advanced outlying repose of ces being telligence atentions, by exa- f, and by !ry officer engthen- bustle or )f troops, the dimi- cc. Ily taken irnishing equired j n charge , of such ns under 3ur hun- le line of 3n up by '^ith each own out e timely 10 placed lication, e field- LIGHT INFANTRY. ^7 officer will use his discretion in detaching ■ officers' parties in advance of the captain's piquets, to furnish the sentries, and support he chain ; but, on all occasions, such parties should be stationed before the flanks of the general line of piquets. Necessary precau- ^ a „ „«: , tions for an officer , , ^^, '^"^'^^r ordered upon piquet must ordered upon piquet, take a close and careful survey of the countrv he passes over, in marching from the camp hem!vTrr"' '' ^"^ post, in order tha? he may defend it properly if attacked and driven back. The strongest points, in hisline of retreat, ought to be selected! W noted dow^^^ If necessary ; and the officer's mind should be Hovr posted. Measures for imme- diMe security. 6. The officer intrusted with the posting of a p.quet must select its station near thf Z171,"^^ '<"'« girded, and behM, if I^«= .cabie, all cross roads leading into i and takmg especial care to leave no road u" ■ guarded on its flanks, by which it migh" be surpr-scd rn its rear. The piquet shotd 1 Z much as possible, be conceiled from olser vat on, and where the ground naturally afRrfs neither cover nor protection, the defect mns? plo™rnt''o?s' T"'' means, antther. earance of any sentry of our own any unusual bustle or accession of force in front troops in motion, or the appearance of acloud of dust mdicating that troops are on the march, or when firing is heard by any sentry ^ ^ one of the sentries will instantly run in, and ti; report to the officer what he has noticed, tailing care to mention the circumstance at any post he may happen to pass on his way. V." When piquets are attacked. 5« 13. When piquets are attacked, the same rule will be observed as in all other skirmish- mg, and the detached officers' rnrhV^s «wii not run in on the main body, but 'support the skirmishers j and when compelled to retire 100 LIGHT INFANTRY. Wlien posted in a villajje. they will, if possible, retreat on the flank of the main body, and thereby afford mutual support to each other. When a sentry is satisfied that the enemy is moving on to the attack, he should not hesitate to fire at once, although the enemy may be far beyond the range of his musket. 14. If a piquet should be posted in a vil- lage, the main body must be placed so as to be behind the junction of all the roads that lead to the enemy's position, the entrances from which must be blocked up, or dug across, with the exception of a small retiring path for the sentries placed in observation in front. Small parties will be placed behind each barricade for its defence. liVS^l"'' "^^ ^^' ^^^ ^''^ «^^^ °f ^» officer ought to be the strengthenmgof his post, by constructing abbatis, breastworks, &c. ; and particularly where the defence of a bridge or ford is in- trusted to him, he ought never to omit to throw up something of the kind to protect his men, and impede the advance of the enemy. An officer ought not, hvjwever, with- out permission, to block up a main road with other materials than such as are easily re- moved. orders. ^ house, or an enclosure, with the intention of defending itself to the last extremity, un- less particularly ordered to do so, or that cir- cumstances may render it necessary at the moment, for the preservation of the party, in the expectation of support. .t'cl?H%«"°" , "■ ^ P'l"et may with safety defend its should retire. "0"* as long as its flanks are not attacked, r.-u!,,„^,^.v-ii CIO iiic cnciuy aiierapis to SUlToUnd the post, the piquet must begin to retire. Signals Flags of Night duti( Signals 1)y day. Flags of truce. Night duties. LIGHT INFANTRY. 101 18. Signals may be established by sentries during the day :— For instance— one man holdmg up his cap on the muzzle of his* fire- lock, signifies that the enemy's patrole is ad- vancing ; and both men holding up their caps in the same manner, signifies that the enemy is advancing in force. 19. On the approach of a flag of truce, one sentry will advance and halt it at such distance as will prevent any of the party who compose it from overlooking the piquet- posts. The other sentry will acquaint the officer commanding the piquet of the circum- stance, who will, according to his instruc- tions, either detain the flag of truce at the outpost, until he has reported to the field- officer of the day, or he will forward the party blind-folded to the camp, under an es- cort. If the flag of truce is merely the bearer of a letter or parcel, the piquet officer must receive it, and instantly forward it to head- quarter!. After having given a receipt, the flag of truce will be required forthwith to depart, and none of the piquet must be suf- fered to hold any conversation with this party. 20. At njght the situations of the sentries ought to b changed, and drawn back from their elevated situations, so as to have the highest ground before them, as an object is more easily discerned at night from a low situation, than when looking from a hill. Night sentries will patrole alternately to the front (as well as to the flanks) to a distance of twenty or thirty yards, lying down also with the ear to^the ground for the purpose of lis- tening. The tread of men or horses on the march, the noise of artillery in motion, the 102 LIGHT INFANTRY. neighing of horses, &c., are hea?d at a great distance in the stillness of the night ; and not unfrequently the knoM-ledge of an intended attack at day-light may be gained in this way. SrSttrn- ^'' T,° P^«^^«^ «-«tries from looking in a try's attentfon lo the wrong direction during the night, two forked proper quarter. sticks will be placed ir thr> grcui^a, and a horizontal stick be laid ', them, so as to point out by looking alon^ che situation of the enemy's posts. This precaution is also particularly useful to the sentries of reserve and inlying piquets, directing their attention to the proper quarter. 22. The sentries ought to be relieved every hour during the night. JveTtrSitS . 2^- y^.^" .^ «^^*^y i« P-«ted, the counter- sign only IS given him ; and no person under the rank of a non-commissioned officer is usually intrusted with the parole, which serves as a test for passing armed bodies in- side the line. Challenging of a double sentry. 24. The moment a sentry sees or any person, he calls out, " Halt, "- hears , , -"Who comes there ?" and at the same time brings his firelock to the charge, fronting the party ; his comrade instantly retires a few paces be- hind him, uncovering to the right, cocks his piece, and also comes to the charge. This will ensure support to the sentry in advance, and prevent both men from being committed at the same time, as well as the piquet from being surprised. If the answer is not satis- factory, the leading sentry instantly fires and retires behind his comrade. 25. If morft thnn nnp. in^iirirlnol ar>nvr>n/v counter- on under officer is 5, which odies in- or hears -" Who le brings e party ; >aces be- !ocks his 3. This idvance, tnraitted net from lot satis- fy fires casions, command them to halt, and one man only to advance. If there is the slightest hesitation, or more than one attempt to move, the sentry will instantly fire. 26. Sentries must be very distrustful of people who answer the challenge by saying " Deserters ;" they must be immediately or- dered to lay down their arms in the rear, and not sujgered to approach the sentry, until a party arrives from the support to receive them and then singly. If the suspected person he- sitate, the sentry will instantly fire. 27. When a piquet is permitted to have a fire, it should always be as much as possible concealed from observation ; and the alarm post of the piquet, in the event of an attack at night, should invariably be fixed at a short distance in the rear of the fire, so as to pre- ^1 , vent the piouct from being seen, when drawn up, and compelling the enemy to expose themselves while passing the fire in coming on. ^tTrlrSr'' 28. Piquets will get under arms in the hour before ilay-light."^o''J^ing an hoUi before day-light; and if every thing appears qui * in front, the officer will, as soon as he can discern objects dis- tinctly, proceed to occupy the same posts that he held the day before ; but he must previously send forward patroles to feel his way, and should any change be remarked in the enemy's posts or position, he will report it immediately to the officer of the day. t^etTsh^'^rb^ pi* 29. As attacks are most commonly made relieved."" * about day-break, a desirable accession of force will be always obtained by relievinj piquets at that hour. 11x6 104 LIGHT INFANTRY. Arrival of ,he relief. 30. When the new piquet has arrived, the officer commanding it will accompany the officer of the old piquet along the chain of lK)sts, and this officer will point out the situa- tion and strength of all the enemy's posts, and aflbrd every other information to the re- lieving officer, in his power. SXtuef""',, ''• ^?^^*^« «^r^t"<^« «re relieved, and the weather is sufficiently clear to ascertain that there is no indication of an attack, the officer who has been relieved will forward a written report to the field officer of the day, fall back upon the reserve piquet, and march to camp in the same order as when he ad- vanced ; but if the advanced piquets should be attacked before he arrives in camp, lie will consider it his duty to face instantly about, and march to their support. " '° '""' . ^2* ^^^ of the most necessary and effijc- tual methods of preventing surprise, and of gaining information, remains to be noticed, VIZ. patrolling, without which, however ac- tive and alert the sentries, the service of the outpost never can be properly fulfilled. The mode of conducting these patroles, their strengtli, and the distance to which they may bo sent, are all necessary dependant on the ever varying local circumstances in which piquets may be placed ; but it may be laid down as a good general rule, that, when near the enemy, a patrole should be sent out once between every relief during the night. a''nTHr:uVsp:ctTon ^^' Vigilance, silence,^and circumspection indispensable in must be Strictly enjoined upon all patroles : patroJluig. no noise must on any account be made, and when any thing is to be communicated, it .should be done in a whisper. LIG IT INFANTRY. 105 It IS not pretended to lay down exact rules for conductinir putro OS in ovory oaso that may occur on service, but one or two of the most usual modes of carrying on this important duty may bo briefly adverted to. ' Patrollinis in front of the line of sentries. When the enemy's l>osts are distant. 6*" 34. The patrole, on leaving the piquet, should, when practicable, communicate in the first instance with the next jiost upon the right (or left), and patrole cautiously along the whole Irunt of the line of sentries just near enough to see them, and communi- cating with the next j)ost x^Hm the left (or right) return again to the piquet by the rear of the chain. The sentries must not be thrown off their guard by the frequent ap- pcaranco of these patrolcs, but be taught to expect an enemy in all who may approach them : some preconcerted signal, or inter- change of countersign in a low tone, should be used, and which should be chano-ed at every relief. Should the patrole, in return- ing along the rear of the sentries, fall in with the enemy, who must in this case have passed through the chain, a continued fire should be kept up to alarm the piquet, and l)revent surprise. 35. Patroles must also be sent along the roads in the direction of the enemy's posts, to such distance as may be deemed expe- dient. These patroles must bo preceded by feelers, quick intelligent men, selected for that duty, whom no sound will escajje, and whose experienced ears will detect the approach of danger long before it reaches them. A patrole must above all things avoid unnecessary firing, or, in other words fcdse alarms: on hearing the approach of footsteps the fcders should instantly fall back to the patrole } and should the sounds indicate the 106 LIGHT INFANTRY. advance of a larger body than a patrole, one or two men should be sent back with all haste to inform the officer of the piquet, who will make immediate preparations for defence, the patrole retires steadily and unobserved, if possible, upon the piquet ; but if perceived and overtaken by the enemy, an incessant fire must be maintained, in order to apprise the camp that the enemy is coming on in force ; although it may safely be inferred, that if the piquets know their duty, and are judiciously drawn up for the defence of the roads, it will be extremely difficult for an enemy, however strong, having failed in his plan far taking the advanced posts by surprise, to make head, under all the disadvantages of a night attack, when resolutely opposed by men who know the ground, and whose plans have been pre- viously concerted for disputing those points in their line of retreat, where the disparity of numbers must, in the dark, be in a great measure neutralized. S,rwfth''he'"^'"^ ^^' ^" ^^l"'^g "^ wi^h an enemy's patrole in euemy's pati oles. advance of the chain of sentries, it wil 1 always be most prudent to retire at once without exchanging shots, which could only tend to harass and disturb the troops. A strong patrole to be sent out just be« fore day-light. 37. A strong patrole will always be sent some distance, on towards the enemy's posts, just before day-light, and this patrole, above all others, must proceed with redoubled cau- tion, for ft r of falling in with the enemy's columns, waiting for day-light to attack. 38. In the event of an attack, the com- mander of a piquet must ever bear in mind, that the. great objpct of his eiTurts is to gain sufficient time to enable the main body in his GENERAL BATTA The stut choice oi are the o can be fJ practical grades, u who, whi himself, i to his im sioned ol The kno\ cultivatio enable us the natur( It is this ] skirmishe opportunil and atteni upon wliic terially de LIGHT INFANTRY. 107 rear to get under arms and prepare for action. The points he is to dispute in fulling buck having been previously selected, few cases can occur in which it will be impossible to attain that end, without endangc-ing the safety of his piquet ; but even in an extreme case, he must remember that it is his duty to sacrifice himself, rather than be driven in upon the main body, before it has had time to form. GENERAL OUTLINE OF FIELD TRAINING TO BE PRACTISED BY BATTALIONS OF LIGHT INFANTRY, AND BY OFFICERS IN GENERAL. The study of localities, and instruction in the knowledge and choice of ground, whether for offensive or defensive purposes are the only sound principles upon which efficient light troops can be formed. This study and instruction must be strictly practical, extending progressively through all the different grades, until brought home to the understanding of the privaite who, when in extended order and left in a great meisure to himself, must be as capable of selecting the ground best suited to his individual purposes, as is the officer, or non-commis- ^oned officer, of posting his party to the best advantage. The knowledge, here insisted on, is to be sought for in the cultivation of those great inherent qualities of the eye, which enable us to measure distances, and at a glance to estimate the nature and utility of every local object that presents itself. It IS this knowledge that alone distinguishes the tvelUrained skirmisher, and as it is only to be acquired according to the opportunities that are afforded for its exercise, too much time and attention cannot be devoted to the attainment. nfn„ nH'^^t upon which the efficiency of light troops in the field so ma- terially depends. Ligh't infantry battalions, therefore, should 108 i LIGHT INFANTRY. I be trained to act, in extended order, ou every possible variety of ground; and whenever local circumstances admit of it should frequently be exercised, across a country, in all the various duties they are liable on service to be called on to perform. ThiS practical training may be advantageously carried on, on commons, waste lands, and on the sea-beach, when withm reach of the quarters of the regiment, and some- times (with permission) over tracts of cultivated land in winter, when the fences are not of a nature to be injured by it. But even m situatiuus where none of these advantages are enjoyed the numerous roads, which intersect every part of the united kingdom, will always afford the means of teaching many useful lessons in the real duties of the field. It is not contemplated, nor indeed would it be practicable to lay down precise or specific rules for the guidance of com- manding ofiicers in the practical course of field discipline here prescribed : upon their judgment and experience, the progress and proficiency of their corps, in indivulucd expertness and intelligence, must, from the very nature of the instruction, mainly depend ; while no rules can supply the want of ade- quate attention and capacity in the instructor. All, therefore that can be desired on this point, is, that the subject i,hould be' classed under certain heads, with a few accorapan>ing re- marks, pointing out, in general terms, the chief objects to b6 held in view ; so that an uniform system may prevail, varying perhaps a little in the method of teaching, but still arrivin^r although by different roads, at the same end. It cannot b^e' too strongly inculcated upon those intrusted with the command of light troops, that in all operations, in extended order-— where every man is, in a great measure, thrown upon his own resources— success depends as much on the intelligence and tact, as on the moral courage of the soldier. In line the voice of his commander directs* and guides him, and he mechanically conforms to every movement that is ordered ; but, in skir- mishing, his quick perception of what his passing around him and ofevery advantage that the ground presents to him, in- spiring confidence into all his actions, can alone insiu:e' his acting with energy, comparative safetv. and sno^^co LIGHT INFANTRY. 109 INSTRUCTION OF OFFICERS. The .tudy of topo- J . An aptitude in forming a correct opinion Of a country, and a thorough acquaintance with the relative fitness or unfitness of ground for military purposes, are indispensable qua- lifications in all officers j but more especially so m the light infantry officer, who, when on service, may be daily called on to form a safeguard to the camp, to guide the column of route, or to cover the column of manrouvre It IS evident, therefore, that without previously formed habits of estimating local circum- stances and position, no officer can discharge, with credit to himself, or advantage to the' service, the important duties of his station. Itin^ltVcZ. "• ^/^y °^^^^ «^"»^^ ^« Fovided ^vith a try it embrace*. map of the district in which his regiment may be quartered ; and he should be required to « study it, and to compare it with the country it embraces, so as to acquire a practical know- ledge of its military fotitures— roads, rivers, morasses, woods, hills, plains, towns, and villages— of whatever, in a word, is calculated to assist, or to impede, troops in offensive or defensive warfare. Examination of the rountry along a given road. 3. The young officer is then directed to proceed a certain distance on any given road and carefully examiniiig the nature of the i- country, he will, in writing, submit his ideas and opinion of its military character to the consideration and correction of his command- ing officer. piS "^^'''""^ ^"^ ^' "^ '^ "^^* required to select a spot upon which he would post his piquet (imagining the enemy in Romp o-ivon T^ofiti'^"^ -ii - - -^ where his chain of day and night sentries 110 LIGHT INFANTRY. would be placed, and how he would defend the ground if attacked and forced to retire j again he will be required to show how he would proceed if ordered to drive back the ^ enemy's piquet from a given post, so as to push them briskly in, without undue exposure, compelling them to abandon advantageous ground, by pressing on a flank or any other weak part of the line. In a word, the expe- rience of the commanding officer cannot be better employed than in bringing to the knowledge and observation of those under him, the various situations in which they may be placed before an enemy, giving them habits of reflection, and a promptitude in de- ciding judiciously for themselves in c^very supposed emergency. Lt„tri°rp"S«!- '\^ry ^^^^; «^^"^^ ^« ^^refully in. structed m the mode of conducting patroles or small reconnoitring parties, sent in advance for the purpose of obtaining information : the means used for that purpose, by parties of this description, are, necessarily, strictly passive, and ihe kiiowledge sought for must be gained either from the people of the country, or by a careful observation of surrounding objects, from which an intelligent officer will at all times readily detect an enemy's vicinity. Every information gained should be com- mitted to writing on the spot, and the officer must also be prepared to give, on his return, a correct report of his route, and of the country he has passed over. The fdrm of this report cannot be too simple and distinct. In speak- ing of distances, the time taken in marching is to be preferred to any guess at actual measurement, and no vague terms should on any account be used. Form of Report. LIGHT INFANTEY. The report might run as follows :— 111 At 6 A. M. marched from camp on the road leading to . At half an hour's march we reached a large farm, surrounded by a wall, situated on the road side, and capable of being converted into a strong post : at the distance of an hour's march from camp, the road, which becomes much broken and nearly impassable for guns, ascends a wooded hill, and for the next half hour passes over a very rough and wilderness country, rising abruptly into rugged hills upon our right, from which the road may be commanded by musketry, and upon our left the road was shut in by a succession of stagnant pools, overgrown with long reeds and rushes. At 8 a. m. we descended from the high ground by a steep path, and crossed a sluggish stream, about ten yards in breadth, . by a single arched stone bridge of solid ma- sonry, and too narrow to admit of carts or carriages passing on it : the bridge is com- manded within two hundred yards from the ridge which we had quitted. The country beyond the river is flat, and laid out in a suc- cession of meadows, divided by low mud fences, and well stocked with cattle. Ten minutes' march now brought us to the village of C— , situated in the plain, but with a small eminence rising behind it, on which the church and burying-ground, surrounded by a wall, are situated. The roads from D— , E — , and F — , unite in the village : here we learned that an enemy's cavalry patrole visited the village last evening, and that the enemy's advanced post is stationed at the town of G , two leagues in advance, &c. Foraging parties. 6. Officers must be instructed in the mode oi conducting foraging=-partics, a duty of fre- 112 Defence of posts. LIGHT INFANTRY. qiient occurrence upon service, together with the precautions to be adopted for protecting the foragers from surprise or interruption, while in the act of foraging, by throwing out parties m advance, and having ^ooc^e^e^, on the look- out, from the most elevated spots in the neigh- bourhood. The precautions, to be observed on the march, are similar to those prescribed for the guidance of advanced and rear guards, with this difference, that the' parties, thrown out towards the enemy, must be at a greater distance from the convoy, and they should be sufficiently strong to -esist long enough to enable the foragers to get away. 7. The defence of posts should constitute a most i important branch of every officer's study ; for, upon service, all are liable to be detached, and to be placed in charge of posts with orders to defend them. In almost every case of this description, some measures must be taken to protect the party from beino- overcome by a superior enemy ; while, if placed to guard a bridge, or watch a ford,'an officer, who neglected to strengthen his post by every means in his power, and to make the very most of his situation, would incur the hazard not only of his own destruction but of entailing some disaster on the force' from which he was detached. It is to be regretted that few opportunities occur in time of peace, of giving men and officers any practical lessons o» this subject ; but it is at all times in the power of a commanding offi- cer to explain the principle upon which posts are defended, by the construction of barri- cades and abattis, loop-holing houses, and in- trenching. Sec. LIGHT INFANTRY. 113 COHFANIES' PRACTICE AND INSTRUCTION OF THE MEN. Instruction of the men in the choice anrf knowledge ol ground. Practical lessons in ekirmishing by companies. Taking up a line of posts. 1. The officers once thoroughly grounded in the practice and principles above adverted to, the training of the non-commissioned offi- cers and privates will be comparatively easy. The same method of habituating and perfect- ing the soldier's eye in the judicious choice of ground for iiidividucd purposes, as that pres- cribed for the study of the officer on a larger scale,mnst be adhered to ; and if the mistakes, which will necessarily be made in the com- mencement of the drill, in shifting from one spot to another, expecting cover where the ground does not affijrd it, are only noticed, and the error pointed out, the men will very soon pick up the habit, not only of selecting their successive stages with judgment, in advancing or retiring, but also of reaching them with the least risk and exposure to themselves. 2. This practice should, in the first in- stance, be taught in small parties,— with a company, for example, one sub-division op- posed to the other, with a sufficient number of officers or intelligent non-commissioned officers to watch the conduct and progress of every man. One party may be posted on a hill, or any piece of intersected ground, and the other ordered to attack them ; every mis- take and unnecessary personal exposure, on the partoftheassailants, will, of course, be seen and pointed out to those who are at- tacked, and who, profiting l^y their errors and the lesson just received, will in turn be required to act as the assailants over the same ground, and show their comrades how they can creep in upon them. 3. When the men are sufficiently expert in the above practice, which contains the i 114 LIGHT INFANTRY. Taking post before an enemy. Feeling for and driv- ing in the enemy's posts. whole secret of good skirmishing, the corps should be frequently marched out, and the different companies directed to take up a line of posts, connecting any given points, and guarding such roads as may lead to the sup- posed camp or cantonments of the army. The commanding officer will see that these piquets are posted advantageously ; the day sentries properly placed, and situations chosen for the night ones. Parties, under the heads of flags of truce, deserters, &c. should then be directed to approach the sentries, in order to ascertain that all are properly acquainted with their duty. 4. When sufficiently instructed in the mod,e of taking post, a company or two may be ordered to advance on any given road, and directed to select the most advantageous ground for establishing themselves as piquets for its protection from an attack to be made from the quarters of the regiment. The re- mainder of the corps may then move out, with advanced guard and flankers, instructed to feel for, without coming into actual con- tact with the enemy : the officer command- ing the advance will take up his ground be- fore the supposed enemy, near enough to watch his motions, without bringing on a fire between the parties. A corresponding chain of posts may then be established, and the various ways of patrolling, &c. practised. 5. Two or three companies being, in like manner, s,ont to take post on any road, the remainder of the battalion may follow for the purpose of dislodging them. It is here that the proficiency both of officers and men, in their business, will at once be seen. The former, in the selection of their ground and Qli' f.r. ft,' "■#'1 LIGHT INFANTRY. 115 the Qj judicious use of their supports; and the latter, in the judgment and intelligence they f display in availing themselves of any cover and advantages the localities may offer. The annual allowance of blank cartridge can in no way be expended more beneficially than in this practical illustration of the art of skir- mishing. In the above instructions there glj should be no previous understanding between ; the parties : the officers should be left to their own judgment in their measures and arrange- ments ; and the commanding oflicer will see at once, from the manner in which they oc- cupy the ground and handle their supports, whether they are making the best use of t ' • their means, in detaching parties to protect, J'^r. threaten, or turn a flank, and in bringing up the reserve to force a point, at the proper s' moment. Concluding remark. 6. These lessons should be varied as much is as possible ; and if the course of training, of Ij,, which an outline has been given, is zealously and attentively followed out by every com- manding oflicer of light infantry, it is confi- dently anticipated that the very best effects will result from it, in the superior intelligence and efliciency of a description of force, upon the excellence of which so very much de- pends, in all operations in the field. -JJr m ( 116 ) BUGLE SOUNDS. 4 No. I.^To Extend. ^g^^Sj No. II.— ro Close. fii: No. lll.—The Advance; also Forwards; after obliquing &~9~sr No. IV.— Halt; also to Annul; annuls every previous sounds excepting No. V. 'SI No. v.— To Fire. '-r^ -n — :t- b; PeS BUGLE SOUNDS. 117 ^ f •No. VI.— Tb Cease Firins. m j^ 3 H • J-r • k t • • ^ 1. ■ • • • .• 'iquing — • • — -^- • vious • • • • \ 1 No. VII.— To Retreat. 'i^i^i^rii :cir No. VIII.— To Assemble. s^ffii^g^ No. IX. — Incline to the Right, 9 ^ No. X. — Incline to the Left. "# — wr No. XI— The Alarm, 118 BUGLE SOUNDS. The Assembly of Officers. # # The Quick Time. SH ^ —0 — Sg rr*^ " g r ' F^ 2%^ Double Time. a P #-# f=^ \i R ■ Sfs.-- ~T 1 l" 1 r • ,• 1 • ' • , vl • • • 1 CONTENTS. Page. Recruit without Arms 5 Do with Arms 20 Manual Exercise 29 Platoon Exercise, and different firings for the ordinary or Rifle Musket 33 Miscellaneous 5^ To fire iFeude Joie 53 Direction for Funeral Parties 59 Light Infantry 52 Bugle Sounds ,, hq U