^. ^ ^ ^J^^^ ^ .^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^^ ^ 1.1 l.-^'^" I& — 6" Photographic Sdenoes Carporation 23 WIST MAIN STRfIT WHSTIR,N.Y. MSM (716) •73-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Seri CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical IVIicroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notes tachniquas at bibliographiquaa Th( to Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha reproduction, or which may aignlficantly change tha usual method of filming, are checked below. □ Coloured covers/ Couverture de ouleur □ Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurte et/ou pelliculAe □ Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque □ Coloured maps/ Cartes g6ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ I I Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que blaue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur D D D Bound with other material/ Relii avac d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along inferior margin/ La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirteure Blank laavaa added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainas pagea blanches ajoutias lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte. mais. lorsque ceia itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmAas. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meiileur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6tA possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithoda normale de filmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. I — I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdas Pages restored and/oi Pages restaurias et/ou pellicul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxe Pages d^color^es. tccheties ou piqu6es I — I Pages damaged/ I — I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~y] Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Th po of fill Or ba thi ale oti fir ai( or □ Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes Showthrough/ Transparence I — I Quality of print varies/ Quality in6gale de rimpression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppidmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Tf ah Tl wl M di ar bi rlj re m D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages votalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure, etc.. ont 6t6 fiim^es d nouveau de faqon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplimentairas; 1. ITEM TOO LARGE TO FILM WITHOUT LOOSING MARGINS. 2. OFFPRINT FROM THE ILLUSTRATED ATLAS OF THE COUNTY OF WATERLOO, TORONTO. LT. PARSELL & CO., 1881 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film6 au taux da rMuction indiqui ci-deasous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X !/ i9y 1BX 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here he* been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Motropolltan Toronto Library Canadian History Dapartment L'exemplaire film* f ut reproduit grice A Is gAnirosIt* de: Matropolitan Toronto Library Canadian History Departmant The Images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and In keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies In printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or Illustrated Impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated Impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or Illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed nt different reduction ratios. Those too large to bo entirely included In one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les Images sulvantes ont At* reproduites avec le plus grand soln, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet* de l'exemplaire filmA, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de fllmage. Les exemplalres orlglnaux dont la couverture en papier set Imprimte sont fllmte en comman9ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte d'Impresslon ou d'lllustratlon, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplalres orlglnaux sont f ilmte en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une emprelnte d'Impresslon ou d'lllustratlon et en terminant par la dernlAre page qu". .omporte une telle emprelnte. Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur ia dernlAre Image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signlfle "A SUiVRE ", ie symbols ▼ signlfle "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmte A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre reproduit en un soul clichi, 11 est film* A partir de I'ancle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en pranant le nombre d'Images nAcessalre. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Historical Sketch of the County of Watorloo. QKOaRAFHIOAL, OEOLOOIOAL AND QENBRAL. of tlio Hcvuii iiiliniuntioii of tlio Wenturii PuiiiiiHulii nl OiiUrin, . wliiwe liiirtluin iiif ruiiuite frinu iniiviiicial liiiundHrioB, iicpiio iicciipicH 11 ((UdgmpliicT.l iiimitiiiii iiiniu i!li({ilili!, ii miil iimru furtilf, or ii miitoriiil lomlitioii uioru iKlviimed imd ilcvoloin'il Miiiii tli ' tlniliil Kivor. Its to|ioi>ttiiin their greatest height in (ialt and vicinity, whence the country niidnlates i,ulte freely east and west, especially In the latter diieetion and toward the sontheii liordcr of the township, wliei-e nature seems pi^itaring a prelude for the contortions into which she twists herself in the township honlering on the simth. The soil of Duinfries is of a windy h)aui, the 'sjind predominating In many localites, and in few sections does it i>artake of the sterling (pialities incident to other parts of the county. Waterhni, Wllmot, Wellesley and Wool- wich do not dltl'er from each other umterially in topograithleal ehanicter, each heing of a very high graile of agiicultiind excellence, and iHissessing a soil where all vimetles of fruit and cereals known to the latitude Hourish in unexcelled luxuriance ; and where tihroim plants seem specially favored. If we may judge hy the popularity and success which has here nttondeil the cultivation of Hax during the past score of years. TllK OKOLI)i:U'AL KKATIKKS of Waterloo County are pregnant with inteivst to the scientist, and present many points of joncern to all alike ; hut a lirlef synopsis of the more lm[iortAiit of them Is as inucli as tJie i,oope of the present work will permit. This county lies within the fourth of the suhdlvl- siiuis or districts Into which geologists divide the I'rovliioj of Ontario for convenience of geolorlcal description, and hecause of a uniformity ill the leading features of its composition. The ** Erie ami Hiiiiai " District, Including Waterloo, einhraces all the territory lietweeii the lakes naiiied, ami Is hounded on the east hy the great " Niagara Bscnrpinent," riinning from NIagani to Cahot's Head hy way of Hamil- ton, Uuiidas, (ieorgetown, iVc. The priiieiital Ingredients of Its compositiiui are liuiestoneB, in ]Misitlon ciuuparntively umllsturhed hy the violent intonial action wlilcli in |iHst ages found vi'iit in the upheavals and depivssions which are chaniuterlstlc of some sections of thu Province, as well as other stratit of the Silurian and Devonian jierimU which, arising at a generally iinifonn depth from the present surface, have lieen overlaid during the iiioru recent age of geological devehtpiiient with Drift clays and sands ami other still later aceuniula- tions, whicli have contributed to its^,l'uat fertility anil eiuiy adaptaliility to puriMiseB of agriculture. The stmtH which chiefly abound in the eiistem iiortiun of this genloi{ical tlistrict, and including this county, belong to the middle ami umier foniiat ions of thu Silurian (XiriiHl. This " iwriial " forms one of the five e|Hichs lnt, ,ere civated or gathered at a very early date in innndane history. It is one of the IH'Cuiiaiities of geidogy, however, that the formations of thu ditl'ereiit ' jH-rlods in no one litcality appt^tr successively from tlie earliest to the present, hut (although in no case may be found the formation of an earlier resting u|ion that of a later )>iu*lod) it is by no means a nirlty to observi' formations of the earliest known peritsl forming or pro- truding above the present surface ; a«'. ^or instam-e, the rocks of the Laiii'eiitrin )>erloil, the oldest known formation on the fiu-c of the globe, elevated in luountaiiis or chains of mountains above the general level, as note the lianrentliin nioiintaiiiH whiili Kklit the noithern shore of the (Htawu River. How these iiheiioniena oci-urred muNt necessarily ivst somewhat In. conjecture, but the geiieriilly iu-eep(ed theory obtains that they weii^ cauHed by volcanic m.'tion at a time when the earth consisted of u molten or semi-molten mass As it continued to wheel its course through liitinite space, its tempeiatui-e became gnulually reduced, until, during the later perlcHls of the Paleo/ole age and thenceforward. It attained so low and uniform a degret^ as to support both iiniuial and vegetable life, as is amply demon strated by the fossilized remains thereof among the strata of succeeding |ieriods. That the coiii|»ar»tlve le\'el-lviiig formations of say, the Pahozoic age should occur so nc.ir or at the surface of the present, is ex|>lained on numerous hypotheses, among them being that which sup- jHises the portion of the earth where they are now displayed having remained elevati'd iiIhivc the sea level iluiing the ages in which the formations of the succeeding |ieriiKls were takin.; pliu-e, then, by a further jirocess, submerged again, when the foi .lations of the then eixsting pen. \ would iu'ciimiilate upon the floor maite by the earlier stnita, tlllls leaving gaps in the succession of the reH|K>ctlve stl-ata, ■ vr.iyiiig in extent and proiHtrtions to the lapse of time iK;ciirring between the ivspectlve elevations and depressions of surfaee. of tli(( formations incident to this locality, the i.-arbest of conse- ipieiice is the " (inel[ili," so called from its prevalence in the hn-ality of tilt; city .lameil, which consists chieriy of dolomites of a peculiar semi-ciystalline or gninular texture. Theiv are two ingredients entering into the composition of this foi-.aatlon when pure, viz. : carbonate of lime, 54 '5 per cent., and ciM-bonate of nukgnesia, 45'7 ptH" cent. It occurs in extensive IumIs ir. a compact liini'stone, ami also lis ery.'italllne granular ns-k (as alnvt; stated) of either white i>i colored hue. Much of the common wiilte marble is Dolomite, whicn name wiw bestowed upon this fornritlon in honor of Dolomien, the eiuineiit French geologist. Fine exposures of this forinatioii aiv foiiml at (ialt, Preston, and HesjK'ler, on the (irand Riveras welliet lUc River Slaved, and at other localities on the former, above the continence of the Speed, forinlng 111 some [ilaces a level bed ,if unknown depth, over which the rlvura How. This stone is valuahle for building pur- |HiHes, and has been so liberally ntlllzetl in the three towns named as to considerably nionototil/A! their architectural cliariicteiistlcs. The stone supplies ill durability what It lacks in beauty, the tatter feature being conspicuous by its absence when weather-beaten with the lapse of time. Another valuable geohiglcal gift b'stowed uikhi the region is the " Onordaga," m- " (iypslferoiis" formation, siu-ceeiling the '* (tiielph' in ascending order. It la akin to the latt'r. but diH'ei's in the thick iiess of Its layers, being usually ipiitu thln-beddeil, ami of a yellowish or pale gray color, associateil with greenish shales and irregular beds of gypsinn. Thesis ile|Ktsits seuui to have been formed from precipi- ti'.tes accumulating In ancient .salt lakes or bays, in which at live cMtiHUiitlon was going on. The only exposure of any moment in this county occurs near the Town of Wateihio, though the formation nil lerlies li goodly |u>rtion of the county, but like the "(iiiulpli," is gen 'rally covereil by glacial and other suiH'i-ticial deposit.s. Ki-om the somewhat varying varieties of this formation are sevenil valuable commo.Mties secured, no.-ibly the buiUlIng stone e: teiisively used in Waterhio Town ; the gypsum, or " plaster, " ipiarrled at Cayuga and in Seiieca 1'owiislii|ts ; the dolomitle and argillaceous shale which, in thu vicinity of Walkerton, furnishes valuable material for the iiianii. facture of hydraulic cement ; audit is thought that from tliis fonnn- tion the brine su|iplylng thu salt works of Huron ami Perth Counties is obtained, hy boring tlioixingh overlying deposits. As before intimated, a wide break ocelli's in the geological sun ce.-tslon from the formations named (-'liich are the latest of the Silurial period noticed In Waterhio) to those of the (ilacial and I'ostOlmiac lieriods of the iiresent or .\ndrozoic age the gap representing proliably not less than a hundred centuries as now computed, riiesi- latter consist of various spucimeiis of clays; including the " Erie day, from which very Knu white and yellow bricks are made, comprising, as it does, the calcareous or citrboiiatc of lime in a high degree; and the "Saiigt'en clays, " which present a gunemlly brown cul ir, and although |iartaklng of the calcareous nature, yield, us a rule, red bricks. Liyei's of sand and gravel are coiiiinonly associated with these clays, the whole being overlaid in many liKialltius with more recent aeciimii- latlons, thu prlncipa! of which, in this county, are the sandy Hats of the (irand River ami other streams, the high fertility of which is piiivurblal. OKOWTII ANII DKVEl.Ol'MKNT. < lur remarks ujion these topics iiiiist be iii!cttssarily of a general rather than a statistical character, as throughout the {sriinl of the eonnty's progi-esi» to whijli the most critical Inteiesl is natiinilly attiicheil, viz. , the few decades intervening between the inception of civilization in these wilds, and the attainment of a self-de|HUideiit degiiiH' of lulvanceinent liy its young settlements, the territorial sub- divisions of the pro-.incu truatud of in census iviKirts were so large :is to include aevenil counties in one, thus defeating thu effort to obtain statistical Items relating t.> the county as now constituted, and as dlstingLislKHl from the others with which it chanced to be i2i' t of llritish " dipht niacy to a principle liorii of opiiressioii dsioi lit-O' illiistrated in India. .Vfghanistan. and South .\frica and rei-.tgni/r tliriem a |Mihcy of iw complisliing by bribes what bayonets failed toftfcct. \ii cnlhusiasiie liKiil historian has desi-ribed the payment of this bribe to the Su Nations as " a noble expression of the giMHl faith and gnttllildi- of the llritish Clown to Ihe weakest of its siibjectH:" but he iiiighl lliithfully have adileil that on,- lithe of the sal.le degree of " g.Hsl faith " ex pri'ssed" tort 111 d the co1t,niesat tliepi'<'|K'r j unci lire, Hoiild liave aw-rted the contest of which the i'em.>\'al hither of the Six N.ttions was a eon seiplelllial cireuiiistaili-c. The IBtll celltlllV hail Ileal'... cl.misl before ihefollsls of Walell.-. were iiiviiiled bv aliite men ill any capacity, aiel not until lliebiith of tie present ci'iiliiry was the herald of husbandry planted u|Min the banks of lintmrRiii'i' above the s< ait hern eontines of the lonnty. TItr pioneers of the county arnved with their faiiiihes in the spring of 1H(X). and settled on the river bank at Ihionof thepl-eseilt lime. V l-efel'ellee to our sketch of Waterloo Township will show the < iix-uiiistam-es cttfi iiected with the advent of the |tarties !n ipiestioii Samuel llelzner and .loseph Sllerk upon the si-elie. as well as tile salient features of the developmunf of tlie newly founded commuiiiiy, togi'ther with the names of otln-rs of its pioneers. 'Mils adiame guanl of eii ili/ation calH; hither from Peiinsylvallla. whence was drawn the nucleus .if the .sutt.eiiieiits of tile Township of Woolwich as well, at a soiiiewluil latt'r date. It is not our pur|>ose to here tlescribe in detiiil the eirciiiiiHtarice* of early settlement throu^hoiii the coiinly. but merely to trm e an outline of the order in which the diRi'relit lommilliities were seltled, leaiing Ihe particulars for our skitches of the several toitnships. With each siieeessi\t' season came fresh luhlilioiis to tin- popidalioii of Waterloo, in which, during the year named, there also ItH-ated Chris tiaii and .lohii Reichart. and their families, near Kree|«iil of the present. Woolwicii ranks next to Waterloo lis regards the tnm of il« setlh- lliellt, though the precise date of the localion of its pioneer is not "a»y of definite assertion. The one in tpiestlon was Tjioi ills Smith, wli.t I ited on t!ie (Jriinil River near the loiitbieiice of Ihe Coiiesl.a(o with that sfleaiii. He came ill probably ni>f later than IKIII. and li.'ul at any rati! been llieiv a number of years when li \e Kby and family seltled in the same hsality. but west of theliraid Kiver. in 1813 There was but tin- aiiilitioli ..f one family lo tin' |» oiijat f W.k.I wich llpto 1820, th.ltof Si Cress, liiils.s.|i Ihi-leali r its s.lllemelll reci'ived an impulse from the arrival ''f iie« iiiiiiiigraiiis. ami llience forward iiianlieil on to the proud |Kisitioii it iio« .«,iipies alieaig Ihe we;ilfliicst riiril miinicipalities in the Proviii--e. Tile settleiiieiit of Duiiifnes ranks next ill .■idii. ...iisiilering Ihe present Till 11 of I ialt as .i (lart of that township, of , ..mw. \» earl) as 180'J, it Would a|iis-ar. an Ameri.an na I Mill.i to whom s.,iih' iillributethe Christian name of " .loliii,' while by Call s I. sal hisloimn he IS lef.rred to as "Alexander .Mllli'r piinliased a Iriu-f i iiibr.uiiig file present site of Halt in great pall, and pr.i-eeded to .reel a mill after thecniilealid primitive pattern ..f lli. lines. It »as built by an elcwllilc "Siplatter ■ in the lieiuhli"ili.i...l n.iliied llcslge, who wits a millwriglil by trade. It is aMeg.sl l.y some pallles that the iiiill was ai'tilally put into .iperation for grislno;. ailli one Mieis .is iiiillei, biil as much iiiiceilainly exists mi tins |siiiit among lleise »lio should know the facts, nu solution .,f tl'e doubt is lieiv all.-lillitid , but certain it is that tif mill s i fell into decay, and il is aHiinie.l llial Miller ri'llinied to the Inite.l Slates and |pillticipaled ,,|i the Vluericall side ill the War of 1812, thus lorf.itiiik his riglil lo hislirand Hiver property. Till " refiiunding of li.dl occiirivil in .Inly. \«\><, when .i mill was b lilt there by .Vbsaloiii Sliiule, under the ilinslion of Hon William Dickson, a Niagara lawyer. *lio h.nl piiiihas.il the entire Township of Hiimfnes. and fi i that lime fornard iJall lioii an existence ill fail as well .is in fable, by which latter term some |«iopl.- are dis|»uied to descrilie Its previous exislellci'. Wil t received no considerable stnani of iniluii.'rathili until the liK ition in 18Z4 m' ■> colony of .\niisii .Meiinoiiiies fi.im Kiiro|n' dirwl, and prilii'ipally from Ihe Low Countries. Tie nitfiix liilbcr of Allghi Saxons ilid not comiiien e until alsmt 1H30. ilid uiis ihel^ coiiliuMl cliicHy to the southern thinl of the lomiship Wellesley was the latest of the five townships lo williesntlle lllcep ti f iiiiproveim-nt within its (s.-rders Its territory lemiined ill ilie iiwnershipof the lloieiliimnl after that on thu east, wist end south ii.id been granted aw.iy from Ihe <,liiis'ii, and to tlii» losusliiji was iii|i|ie.l the name of the " iVneeli s Ibish .n latidy as ItiiO, lllongli ,e, early as 1832 there were two seltlers (Ciiitls and AnsiU) on tin- U.dh-sley side of the fninler where HeiihllnM-g now slaiels The »<'tthiiieiit of the township did not Ih-coihc al all geiiend, however, until after it* survey, which was idfected in 1842, after which d.xte ilie uiriiix WM HISTORICAL SKKTCH OF IMK COUNTY OF WATFRLOO. large >nil onatMit, till *11 parti nt thii toinMhip were in a meaiuro Hlled. Attention wa« rarely illrootwl Ui the umiilnictliin of milla, the tint in the tield with an iniprnvemuiit nf thia kind haviiiK Iwen Jcihn Krii, who had a mw mill iniiiiurntiiju iii " (.'uiiiliridKu" aa tlm wuntuni part nf the pruHint Villagii hi ('rimfiin wait tliun uallud aauarly a* thu fall nf 1806. and within a iihiirt tiniv thnrvaftbr lui luldud uriitiiiu favilitiua tn liix uataMiahniuiit, thouKh not initil Alimhaui Krii hail got hiaWaturlnn KriKt mill in ii|i«nitiiin. Thu nnly Irailu nini1 in the county v late lu 1815 waa what wciuldliu nnw conaidiTuil an inatluipiatu a|Hili>|{y fur u "Ntiiru," lf)catoil<>n th» hilltop at t^anilirid^u, and unilur thu propriutor- ■liipdf a widow lady, naniud Ix'ruur, liairinK which inatitntion theru waa no inurcantilu ualaliliahintinl ahort of whuiv Oinida* now ahinda ; but it waa not long till othura wuru o|Hinud, ouu of thu tirat havinx huun kept liy AliHiiloHi Hhautu» iniiurtuil to the duvulop- iiiont of thu county l>y thu tunninittion of hoatilitiua liutwuun Itrituni and Aniurica in 1816, thu apirit of inturpriau found fiirthur uxprcaaion in thu uonatrnction of niilla, aniall inuchaiiica' ahoiw, uophi of that townahip vuru anppliud by thu inilla of '.VaturhKi Townaliip, which inuruuaud in nuinlair ipilti' rapidlv. Kli' fcj|- lowed aa thu iiuuplu, havu luft thuir iuipruaa U|Hin thu alandard of locid intulli)(unc» in a ^ratifyiuK and practical form. Hu* whilu thu aucniar education of thu younu waa Ihna carol fur, thu apiritiial inatruction of all ai{ua «ua not nuKluctud. Aa beforu intiniatuJI, thu jiionuura of thia ruuion held thu Munnonitiah faith, onu articlu of winch cruol ia thu pucullarity in thu aulcction of ita niiniatura, by which thuy folluwcil thu plan of th<> eluvun diaciplua in flIlinK thu vacjincy cruatud by .hnhia' truaaon and fall fivim );racu, natnuly, uluctinf{ t.nu of thuir lirt^thrcn by vote ; anil in thu aamu mannur could they bu " aiUncud " if in any caau thuy should fall into thu adv(x.'acy of achiam, or preach a doctrine at variance with thu guuuml auntimunt. Thu Hint to rucuivu apiritual I'harKu of thu nuw autthiniunt on (Iriind Uivur waa •loacph HuchtuI, thun a youn^ man of lu-ijuireniunta alnivu thu avemffu, but liu waa aiict^uilud in thu ptdplt. in 1810, by Hunjamin Eby, wlioau kindly, palurnal caru of thu apiritual aH'aira of thu (leoplu, together with hia runerablu manner, won for him the titlu of Katliur of thu Huttlcmunt. To our auvemi aketchua of thu diH'uruut townahipa within thu county thu reader ia refurrud for incidenta of thuir ruaiatctivu nuirchua toward the common goal of agricultural, induatrial, counnci'cial, and intellectual development — the principal object of alliiaion to thi^au aubiocta in thia place buiiig aimply to unhancu thu facilitiea for con- venient reference to com|iarativu datua, etc. It runudna to niuruly notice in thia connection thu high atate of devuUtpmunt in each of thu alM>ve unumurated bnuichea attninud by Waturloo and ita people, thuru being no county of e(|ual ai/u in thia fair Province which can ecli|iau, if indeed there liu any to auccuaafully coni|iutv with, Waterloo in all or any of the iva|H)Ct8 mentioned, Ita iH>pulation ia in thu immeiliati! vicinity of 40,000 ; ita au|iurticial area about 320,000 acrea, or 600 a(|Uaro nnlea ; ita aaaeaaed valuation about 1^12,000,000 : ita uunnifac- turing intereata extunaivu and healthy, having turned out manu- factuiwl prialucta to the vtluu of about Kvu nilliion dollara during the year umbniuud in the lateat cenaiis rutunia. Thu county ia wull aupplicd with railway facilitiea, having two trunk hnea travuraing ita untiru bruatlth uiwt ami wuat, vi/.. , tliu (irand Trunk in the centre and thu t'rudit Valley in the aouMi beaiilea which Miu former road haa branchoa fiinu llerlni to Waterloo, two milea, and to (hUt, twelve milua ; and thu Wullington, drey and Kruce diviaion of the (Ircat Weatoni Kailway travuraea .dnrnt tifteun inilea of the aouth-uaaterly paii of the county. One hundred and twenty churchea, and about an mpial nundiur of achoola, attest the popular regard in which aecular and apiritual education is hehl by the laiople, whose atHuencu, luidia* playud in all uxtumal eiiiii|iniunt8 of home comfort, is o!)vioua to the nu>at casual idiaurver who tntvuraea the railways ov tumoikes of the county. And this aiiggeata a refuniuce to the uxcellent nunla connect- ing the (litferent eonnniinitiua of thu littlu conniionwealth. On thia Hcore thu higheat ur. uindunia aru merited by thoae whoau enterprise ami labor have contributed to the existing atatiia. In the coiirae of uxtunded driving through a majority of the cuiintiea of Ontario and ytieliec, the writer hai found no more uniforudy uTe< lent standard of higiiways than liuru prevails, and in no county w° .icu that rjlic of the dark ages — the toll-gate has been banished, is the standani so high as in Waturloo. In ancient times, the exiatunce of giHHl highways and a high degree of intelligence and civili/jttion in any country were considered concomitant facta, and, in truth, the former wiia taken lui concluaivu evidence of thu latter. If we apply the aamu criturion to Waterloo (and an acipiaintnncn with its ]H'oplu aiiggeata the entire iiropriety of ao doing), it wUl |mss without saying that the reaidunta of thia county are among thu moat advanced and unliglitoneil anywhere to be found in this Province atiidded with achiHila and churchea, and all other attributua of public morality and iiitelligunce. The priMent auems a tltting place ill which to acknowlcHlge our obligation and extend our thanks to those residents of the county who vf kindly lent their aid in the collection of data ami imparting infor- mation upuud to be among thu bust informed on such to|)ica, have lieeii too numoroua to warrant individual mention of their names, .lustice, however, demands cmr acknowledg- luenta to two published authorities. One of these is embraced in a wries of interesting aiiiclea publiahed in the Watcrioo I'linmiilr during 1866, contiued chiuHy in their scojie to the Township o' Waturloo. These weiv written by Mr. P. E. W. Mover, then uniarioti>r of the journal named, but now jiublisher of tlie Hurlin JMly AVhu. The other aiibject of reference is a decidedly readable little hook, underthe title of Krmiiiiiicfii'rx iif the Kmlii Hinfiiry nf Unit awl the SftlUiHfut of Ihiutffii'n, which needs no othur statument to recommend it than that it waa written by .Taiuus Young, M.P.P., of the town naineil, in hia usual attrautive and ladished style. I'AKLIAMKNTAKV ANO rOLITUAL. Th* history of |M>litica and political contests in Waterloo partakes o( no very ancient featiir<>, fcu', so little were the piimeers inclined to participate in what waa, during the first third of this century, the farce of Ooveniment, that the different eluctioiis to thu Asaumlily the crea- tion, ruconatriiction, and diaaolulions of Cabinets the various ilull anil wily sliiilttes of the piditical cards by the favored fev who misruled the Province by the will of thumselvi s and thu gracu of the (lovunior or the luitriotic protests of the fuw daring apirila wlio bmvud the storm of executive hate, ai-arce cruatud an intureat or awakened an eclio in this (wrt of Canada till t!ie tirst ipiartur of the century hail Hed. During that puriiMl of iiiditferuncu on thu part of Waturloo ulectors, some of whom hail laiun in thu county from the ihiwii of the century, the gravest abiiaus of adiiiiniatrative iHiwur IiimI insiniiatud thumsidvus hito the high jdacea of the Htatu. Favoritiam toward thu "chosen ones ;" opprcaaion of those outside the fold of iH^raonal or political kin- ahip ; the beatowal of etiormons tracts of the most valiialdu of the public lands U|Hin iiarty henchmen fur imaginary or illegal conaiilera- tioiis, and k iidred foniis of corruption, diatinguiahed -i.nd linally rj'tingiiiahed the juirty then conducting the (Jovurnment. Thuy wure uaiudty guiitlemun (if thu turm is {leniiissiblu) of aristocratic ideiM, and uducation much above thu avurage there prevailing, in whose liberal and enlightened iiiinils the belief existed that thu people were made for the Oovernmunt, not the lattur for thu forinur. Ity culti- vating a dugreo of uxcliisiveiieaa in their social mil domestic rehitiona, ami I'onlining the principal oIKcea of Htate to the members of a few families, this governmental machine came in time to be known lui the '■ Family Comi»ict," a term whose happy concuption should immortali/A) thu name of its originator, could it bu delinituly ^tscer'ained. Ity a long succusaioii of uncroachmunts upon thu popular rii^hts, gnuliial anil insidious at tirat, deliantly asaerted later on, they leduced the liburt' of thu people to a mure iiliiiise, and where no law existed by wliicl- to punish any who should have tliu temerity to publicly express an opinion at variance with their own, thuy could usually detiend ii|miii the jiidgea who held sPats in their t./'ouncil to give a favondde interpretation of some eti'ete statute of the Fuiidal Period, and thus [irovide for the casi< (and thu impriaoniuent) of their critic. As all know, these acts in tiniu led to the Kul>elliiui in 1H?\7, l>ut long prior to that uvuiit, thu agitation of which it was the culmination bugan to gather force, and vigonais proteata weiv ivconled against the |Mdicy of duclaring conventiona to be " seditious gatherings ;" piidiibiting public meetings to discuss ixilitics ; placing all Liliurals under thu ban of thu (loveriinieni. ; and denouncing a hiyal piditical imrty aa tmitoi's and rel)els. Having the titiblic piirae ami the oftices of the l'i..viiice at their command, of couimi thu " Oompact " could rely n|Hin the diiu execution of thuir edicts. 'I J-.y ^s.nuiitedtheothcera of all gnwlea who wen; *' approachable," aiii' iidibcd the bench of ita induiH'iiduncu by admitting to a share in the making of the laws the judges and magistrates who were to lulminister them later. Thuy Ignored re|>eateil expressions of the public contempt for thuir policy, and clung to thu reins of government in spite of adverse jairlinmentary majorities, by the grace of a {leciiliar constitution framed to suit their own exigencies. Ity their imprudence they linally compassed the object of driving some of their gaditical oppoiiunta into o|)en revolt. The aym]>atliiea and co-oi>eratioii was thus denied thu insurgents, of thousands who abhorreil revolntion only more intensely than the means of pi'ovoking it. The result of that ruvidt is too well known to call for description huru. Though a ducidud failure in a military sense, yet the iHilitical reforms resulting from it, and developing into the full muasiire of civil and piditical liberty whicli we now enjoy, pro- chtini the Miickun/.iu llelHilliiui as onu of thu must aucceasful insurrec- tions of miHlem times. Thu territory now ciMiiprising the County of Waterloo was origin- ally a portion of York Ooiiiity, but upon Halton being carved out, this region waa included within the limits of the county laat named, (.^irciimataiicea suggest the fact that, of the ruaidenta within the pru- aunt County of Waterloo, the Scotch settlers of Uiimfries- a loading attributu of whose natiorality is a passion for fiolitical friiedom and justice — were alieaii of their Ourman brethrun further north in evinc- ing an interest ill the ])arliameiitary elections. The first of these which created any considerable ripple, even in Dumfries, occurred ill 1826, during the period of their conncctiiui with Halton County. At that time it was cuatomary to hold thu i>o[' at tliu hustings, whither all who wisheil to vote were obliged to re))air, the ])oll being hehl open a week. On the occasion referred to the hnatinga were located near the present X'illage of Iliirlington, but the distance did not prevent a large proiMirtioii of the Dumfries electors from attending and contributing their voti.'s (a vast majority of them being Liberals) to the return of t* e two Keform candidates, Richard Huasley and William Scollick, the former of whom had previously tigurud in (tmnd Rivur land transactions, as our sketch of W'aterloo Township will reveal. Diasolutioiia wuru in thimu days resorted to to get rid of an Assembly at variance with the Executive Council, which was nomin- ated by the Crown, and conaei|iiently com|Hmed of most devoted membei's of the Compact. I.tic of these dissolutions resulted in an- other genendulection in 1828, when other two Ri-form candidates wure elected for Halton, vi/., (ieorge Rolpli and Caleb Hopkins, both names of distinction in the subsei|iient contention between the oligarchy and the [leople. Another dissolution fcdlowed the death of (ieorge IV. in 1830, but in Halton the Tory party was successful on that occasion, and •lames Crooks and William Chisholm were the members returned. The following year Mr. Crocks was called to a seat in the Legislative Ooiincil, whereniHin .\bsalom iShade, of tialt, also a Toiy (whose name will figure very pnuiiiaently in connection with the liistoi'y of that town), waa elected to till thu vacancy. M". Shade |UH'ticipated in the proceedings by which the House, on five difteivit occasions during that Parliamunt, exiadled Win. Lyon Macken/.ie from its mem- bership. Mackon/.ie wiw as often promptly re-elected by his coii- s'itueiits of York County, however, and was thus elevated to a still higher place in the )iopular affection because of his persecutions. He was invited and camn to (ialt in the cuurau of a " stumping " tour, whore he addressed the ulectors of this aection— which, liy the way, rucuivud the nick-mniie of " the States" because of the strong senti- ment prevailing in the village and township in favor of Mackon/.ie. The ■ H!casii>nof his visit waa so fraught with local interest as to warrant an extended description, in Mr. Young's "Reminiscences." The Elevunth Parliament died a natural death in 1834, and a new Assembly was elected, in which the Reformcra regained their sway, counting among their iiiiinbcr Meaars. Caleb Hopkina and James Diirand, who were returned fnnii Halton. The Coin|iact still showed much vitality, and expresaail their detianco of the i)o|iulai will in every conceivable manner. The storm of public indignation ogainat them, ai exfireiaed in a long list of petitions to the Hritish liovemment, and in a aeries nf pulilie meetings throughout the Province, bugan to cauai! some cimcern in England, and Sir John Colbonie was retired from thu huail of the civil tn the military branch of thu (iovunimcnt, to which thu arbitrary attribiitia of his nature much better lilted limi. He waa aiicceeded by Sir Francis Itoml Head late in 1836, ivlioau chief rucoiiimemlation waa thai he had diaplaycd a.*me akilfiil |K-di-a- triaiiism on the South Ainurican )iampaH, ami had written a novel con- taining much moru wit than wisdom, tluHigh not an ovuiidiis of the former. ' Tliu arrival of Sir Fmiicia marked an e|Hicli in Camulian history, aa many hopes wuru cuntred upon the courae which he Hlinuld see lit to adopt hippea, imlucd, for an txi>re<>in blasted, howuvur, by hia forming an " oH'unsive and defensive " alliance with the Coni|iact, after a brief piditical "flirtation" with their chief op. |Hiiieiits, llahlwin, Itidwell, Ridph aiiiI'Duiiil. Thu gallant knight, not content with passive partiality, took thu aggressive, and harangued thu |ieople ill nearly all parta of the Province ii|H)n the theme of " loyalty," that topic which hiw so often since done survicu as a political liai'k. Thu rusult was that many opposition constituencios wure converted to the party which Sir Francis patronized. Halton again veurud round and ulucted two Conservative candi<'ates in the puraona of Absalom Shade and William Chisholm, and many of the luading Reformers, including Mackenzie, Putur Puny, Marshall Spring Uidwell, and Samuel Loiiiit, lost their seats. Despair sei/.eil the friends of popular gnveriiment, wlin liHikcd ujHiii the result lis a triumph wrung from thu puoplu by partisan misrepreaeiitations of the nuw Oovurnor and his allies. The ap|>eal toarms ■, the muster at Montgomery's Taveni ; the vacil- lating iiolicy of theiiiiskilleu leaden. ; the collision at (laUowsHill; the rout of the "Patriots; " the flight of Kolpliand Mackenzie; the capture, trial and execution of Ijoiint and Matthews ; and thu suppression of the incipient insurrection in other localities, are too familiar to all Cana- dians to demand a recital here. The same remark applies to the ('ommission of Lonl Durham to iui|uire into and renoit to the Home (lovemmeiit upon the causes of the •naiirrection, anil the best remedy for the abuses which led to it. That noldemairs report was a masterly dociimunt, dutailing the programmu of misrnlu in both Upper and Lower Canada, and recommending the Union of thu Provinces, the establishment of municipal institutions, and a iiarliamentary con- stitution recognizing the principle of responsible govenimeiit, all of which wore embodied in an .\ct of the Imperial Parliament which became law on February lOtli, 1841 ; and thus was aH'orded by legis- lation the biHin which Mackenzie and hia partisans had so long and so fruitlessly dumandcd, and the failure to obtain which had precipitated a conflict that nothing save genuine reforms could have much longer avoided. The ciiiinty of which we write, or rather the townships now coiii- l»iaing it, were not then exempt from the so-called " sedition ' of the porioii, though the disaffection was conflncd princi|MUly to the Scotch residents of Dumfries, whose innate love of libei*ty took a iiioiv ilcmonstrafivu tiiiti than that of thuir (lerinan neighlmra on the north. As some rather interesting acts in the drama of the times were played ill the township named, the occasion seems a fitting one to recite from Young's " Reminiscences:" " How public feeling ran throughout Dumfriea may be luideratood from a circumstance which occurred at the time. The authorities under Sir Francis Uonil Head, at Toronto, wrote to Mr. Shade to ascertain the feelings of the [wople, having the idea that, if friendly, it might bu wull to call out the local militia inid ]dace anna ill their liaiida. Shade leidied in u.fuct that the inhabitanta were iiuatly Scotch, generally ipiiut and inofl'unaivu, but it would bu butter not to put aniia in their handa." As Mackenzie, I./>unt, and other leaders of the revolution were suspected of having fled towards (ialt, a guard, composed of a hical militia company called the (ialt Volunteers, was placed over the bridge across (irand River at this point, and for several weeks the " tnuiip of armed men " rusoiindud through thu streets of thu diniinn- tive village, while the marching platoons imparted a decidedly martial aa|>ect to the locality. Hut we ivail further : " As Dr. Ouncombe endeavored to raise an insurgent force at Oak- land Plains, near Rrantford, the riovernment made efl'orts, for a time, to get as many of the Provincial Militia under arms aa possible. . . . . . With this object in view, McsSra. Dickson ;ind Shade pub- licly eallel uihiii the settlers of Dumfries to muster In Oalt on a curtain day. This oiiler caused considendde eonaternatioii among their wives and families. An eye-witness relates how * in one house near Cedar Creek, on the muster day, he found thu wives of nearly all the neighbors crying bitterly, under the fear that their husbands would bu killud during the war and themselves left desolate.' .... " The only part of Dumfries in which companies were organi7.ed to assist in thu Rubellion appears to havu been ill the neighborhood of Smith's Creek, near Mudge's Mills, as the Vilhige of Ayr was then called. The jilace of meeting wiw McBain's Mill (one mile beyond the village), and when the disafl'ected asse'ubled, onu morning in Ducember, to proceed to join Dr. Duncombu's army at Oakland Plains, such a mustering of old rusty riflos and melting of bullets was never liefore seen, ai least in that neighborhood. On this particular occiuiion about thiity iiorsons assemmud, but other sipiiuls were to foUow. " Shortly before rtartiiig two men apiMjared on the hill above the mills, who seemed to bo cautioiisiy surveying the gathering. One reimrt says they wuiv Oapt. Rich and Liuut. (iordoii, who had buen sent with the (lalt Volunteure to make certain arrests in the iieighbor- liood ; and the crowd, on hearing who they were, disap|ieareil on the double i|;iick. Annllier statement is that the men proved to lie two of Mackenzie's comriules, who iiifoniied tho incipient rubuls of what had transpirud since the defeat at (iiiUows Hill, and afterwanis ac- coniiianiuit them to Oakland Plains. Which of thuau re|iiirts is most reliable it is diflicnlt at this late day to determine ; but it ia ceitaiii that in Dr. Diincombe s army, when it disi>eraed at Scotland, on Col. McNab (afterward Sir .\lkn) liaving decided to ailvance from Urant- foiil and attack it, there were not a few men who hail gone f'-oiii the vicinity of Smith's Creek. " It is maintainod by a militia oflicer, still living, that Saninel Loiint, for many years member for Simcoo and Mackenzie's chief lieutenant at (iallows Hill, waa aocruted for some days in (ialt. It wiui Buspected by the magistrates at the tinio but his arrest would have convicted others of high treason who had done nothing but harbor one who had lieen outlawed. .\ sharp look-out waa kept, however. Louiit, who is said to have been jmrt of tho time in the then almost iinnonetrablu swamp bulow the \nte Mr. Crombio'a house, was, one Sunday uoming, moved on, to a farm house near Olenmorris. A local magistrate lieing notitied, is said to luivo entered the front door of tli« house iw Lount went out of the hntik d.sir. He ■»•*» HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THF. COUNTY OF WATFRI.OO. Ill wa» cnnveywl liy ii iiion Imr nf n wull-kniiwn Hmitli Diim(ri«« fttiiiilv til Wiitiirfciril, wliBri) li« lav riiiieuMuil in » buy iimw nf (Inivirn linti'l, lit tliu vary tiuu' when <-'"!. WiUmi uii<\ men, nf Himiiu', tviv nn tha Wiilili fur liiiii mill iitlium. It wiw uiiiiiliit mieli Imirliri'iicitli fniftiwri that Liiiirit iiiiiilu liin *iiy t^' tlin NiaKura frontior, wliei'u, within «i«lit nf tlif liiitud Htiitun »n(l mfuty, ho wi« tHlitniwl. " Whim M»ck«n/.iu futiilillnheil hiniavlf on Navy lnUn(l, the (liilt, (liiulph and Kurijiis VnluMli'«i'» went ihmn tn thu Niinfiim fmntiur, iindiT (.•iiMiiiiiinil nf Col. McNuli. Sonmof thu (iitlt VojiintiHirn di'i'liniil tn ({() tn tliu fi-iint, iinil tho nniMlwr which wont wiw only alMint twiinty nii'n. They wui-e conveyuil I'.nwn in fannurn' wni^nnx, which were iniiirewMid fnr thu ii»r|«irH!. It wiw duunieil it ciirinim lirciinntiinee tliiit 'he (liielph eniiiininy w.m eomnmndeil liy ("iiptiiiti I'nnr mid thnt fn.iii (tiilt hv t'liptuin Kiuh." Krnm 1835 tn 1841 theie were no further |ii»rlimiientiiry enntentn tlm.iighout the I'rnvince, the old Piirlinniunt mid the Fiiniily Coin- iiKct ilyinu tnjjethur upon the lulveiit nf the new niiler nf iiHiiini, hy whiih I'piwriiml Uiwur Cmmdii, iifter forty-nine yenr* nf iiepuriite exinlenie, were iiKiiiii united for puriKneii nf gnveriiiiieiit. A reili»- trilmtinii nf »eiit» wiw iiiiothur feature of thu uhuiige, hy which the Cimiity nf Hiilton wan divided into East and West ItiiliiigH, in thu latter of which Wiiterinn and a tfimdly jKirtinii nf WelliiiKtnn cmintien nf the piciiunt wuru incliiduil. ThiH Itiiliiw uleeted a Lilieral, in the pemoii nf .laiiieii Uiiraiiil, who had pruviniiiily Hat fnr Halton. In 1844 the Hecoiid I'liilimneiit nf fluted Caimdu wiw olucted. Sir Clmrlen Metcalfe wan then (ioveinor, and, with the ninijle excep- tion of Sir Fraiicin lli'iid Heail, nn Executive of Caiimlii ever »<« eniii- plctely luillitied hiii nppnrtniiitieii fnr welldoing, liy Idind lint rani|>aiit partiwinship. Tho hiMnlity lietweeii the twn parties liecanie nini'u intense as eloetinii time apiiniached, anil hitter indeed was the striiuKle fnr HHpreiiiacy at the ihiIU. In West Hiiltnn the contest lay lietween Mr. Purand, the late Liheral iiioiiilior, and .lames Welister, a Con- sorvativu of Fergus. Mr. Welmtur wan declared elected liy a majority o' eight, lint iHicaiiso nf varinus instances nf " en •okudness " nn thu part of his supportera. Mr. Diirand entered a [lutitinn against his rutiirn; ainniig thu griuvancuB eoiiiplained nf lieing that a Oeinity Keturn- iiig OlHcer received the vntes of eight wniiiun in Wolister's favnr ; and that, in order tn delay tho vnting and prevent thu record of all the Kefiirin votes of the Uernian townships, the Conservatives lesnrteil tn the novel t.ick of swearing innst all old grey-haireil I ili- eriils as tn whuthur they were of lawful age. After many tediniis prnceedings the jiutitinn was dismissed liy thu Hnuse, and Mr.Wulister cnntirmed in Ins seat. The greater |iiirt nf this turritnry cnntinuud tn lielniig to thu West Riding nf Hiilton up to 1852, and for thu constituency named Mr. Uuraiid was siicceuded at the electinii of 1848 liy Mr. •Inhn Wutteiiliall, also a pmnoiinced Lilieml, whn, in 1851, j^avu plikce to Mr. .lohn White, of Milton, of the same shiule of jHilitics. It is worthy nf remark, however, that (luring the Second Parlia- ment thu WuUihgtnn District (cnmprising Orey, WuUingtnn and the nnrtliern tnwnsliipa nf Waturlnn Cnunty) was sut n|iart as a sei>anite ruprusentative division- thu candidates at thu first election of 1848 lioing Messrs, .lamus Welistur, of Furgus, aliovu-named, thu Consorva- tive nominee, and A. J. Ferguson, subsei|uuntly Hon. A. J. Fergnson- lllair, of Ouclpli, Lilieral, tliu latter of whom won his ulection liy a nbrrow majurity. Fnr thu Fourth Parliament, the uluction to which occurred late in 1851, Mr, Klair was again siiccessfnl in securing his election, liis opponent on that occasion being a Mr. Wright, who had | attained to a place of prniiiinence in the municipal atfairs of the District. 1 During the Fourth Parliament there were some radical changes i miulu in the map of Upper Canada, uiKin which, thereafter, the fol- lowing new counties apiieared, vi/. : \ ictoria, Peul, Waterloo, Hmnt, Wellingtiui, drey, Bruceand Lamliton. WaturhKi had pruvionsly hiul , a nominal uxistence, hut it was now reduced in size to its present ' iiro|iortionR, and given a ilf ftcto status as a municipal cor|ioration. rhuru was also a redistriliiitimi an I grand increase of parliiimentary seats, two nf which were aUnttud tn Waterloo. Its North Hiding was com{Kisud of Wullesluy, Woolwich, and about thu northern half of Waterloo Township ; while thu 8nuth Killing cnntainod the balance of WaterliHi, together with Wilmot and Dumfries, as at prusent. The gunural uluction of 1854 witnussud a contest in uithur Riding, that in the iiurth lay between Messrs. Wm. McDougall and Michael Hamilton Foley, each of whom subsuijuently uariied the distinguishing prolix nf " Honoraliiu." \'r. McDougall w,ui ii supiiorter of the Hincks (loveminunt of the day, which was most imuKKlemtely op[Kised by tho ^tVii/ii' ; and Mr. Foley was a member nf that section of that wing of the Reform party led liy George Brown, which about that time began to be distinguished by thu namu of " Cluar Grits." The *' Heat " was awanled to Mr. Foley, who was a resident of Simcoe. In the South Riding the contest Uiy also lietween representatives of tho rival wings of the Reform liarty. Thu (invenniient uevotees presented Mr. Gcni'goS. TitHnj', a Hamilton lawyer, whn was opposed and defeated by Mr. Roliert Furric. nf Dooii. Thu liittur gentleman r" ived the suiipoi-t of the Conservatives gu,ierally, and secured thu entire vnte pnlled in thilt, with niie exceptinn, his majnrity in that village having been 105, and in thu Riding, 205. In 1858 another genend ulection occurred. Muantimu tlic Hincks Gnvoniinent hiul liuun out-vntud, and a Cabinet, in which .Jnhn A. Macdiinald was fnr the first time included, formed by Sir Allan McNab, from the CoiiBurvativo and Hincks parties— this being the first coali- tion Govurnment ever nrgani/Aid in Caiiaihi. Thu gunural ulectinn was held early il) the year, and bmught Mr. Fnley again into the Held in North Waterloo, where he was elected hy acclamatinn. In tho South Riding, William Scott, a farmer nf Wilmot, was elected as an indepen- dent Conservative, in np|insitinn tn tho Libetid candidate, Andrew Elliott, then a merchant nf Gait, but iinw an extensive woidleii manu- facturer of Almonte. On the assumbling of Parliament, one nf the most prominent topics of duliate w.-rji tliu " Seat of Goveriinitint " • luostion. On tho tulvicu of the Ministry, thu Queen (to whom the selection of a location had lieen lefr) had intide choice of Ottawa. The opposition, led lij George Brown, voted to censure them for so advising Her Majesty, and tho Government was defeated by a mr.jority of fourteen. Mr. Brown at once fonneil a Cabinet, including Mr. Foley, but while some of the new ministem wore absent sucking re- election, the Cuniiervatives utilized tho reaction which luul set in among the meinliers, some of whom now began to regret the hasty vote on tho question refeiTod to, and out-voted the Cabinet on a "want of confidence " motion, and they resigned after a two days' term of ofUce, whereuiMin another coalition Gnvemment was fnniied by Hon. ■lohn A. Mocilouald. The Sixth Parliament wiw elected in 18(11, when Hon. Mr. Foley w:ui again rctuniod in North WaterliMi. In the i^utli Riding, tho same year, .laiiien t^lwall, l.ilicrRl, of Walerlisi Township, and » fanner iiy ncru|iation, w \n elected nver .Itu-'ob Hes|it*ler, of the village which tinw iM'ars his name, whn was the Ciinserviitive iiuiilidnte. The Seventh ami last imrliamenl nf nld Canada was I'lirted in 18(k\ Mr. Fnluy again received election in the Nnrlh Riding, tlmiigli n|i|Hised by tinhii Hntfman, nf WaterliMi Village, Cnnservutive ; and in the south, Mr. Cowan was again elected, this time in >p|K>silinn to Mr. \\'m. Robinson, t'niiservative, a maniifai'tiirur, of Gait. < 'ii tiuMleii'at of the (Sandtiehl) MacihuiaUl-Dorion, mil the formation of the (.lol n .\.) Miicdonald-Taehr' Cabinet, in 18(14, Mr. Foley acciiiiled a m'at in the latter, but uimiii an apiieal fnr re-electinii he was defeattMl bv Isaac E. Bnwiiian, a WihiIwIcIi farmer, who ran as the straight mil ),ilH>nil candidate. With the advent nf ('niifeileratinii came the eNtalilishment of both Kedeiiil and Provincial Legi.Hlaltires; the foriiU'r(asreganls its |Nipiilar I ranch) called the Hmise nf Commnns the latter the Legislative .Vsseiiibly. The re|ireseiitative divisions of Waterloo were left with undistiirla'd limits. Fnllnwing tiiiit the siicctwiinn In iiieiiiliership in the Hnuse of ('niinunns, we liiid that for the Nnrth Riding liuuic K Bowman was re-elected at the election of 1867, witlmiil np|iosition. In the South Riding, the Lilairals again noiiiinateil Mr. Cowan, but before election day, Mr. ,lames Young, a joiiriiiilist, of Gait, was substituted on the " ticket " for Mr. Cowan, who was therenimn taken up by the (Vinserviitives, but defeated by Air. Vniintf. The elections nf 1871 and 1874 presented the (leeuliar feature in this cnunty nf thu ininpiHised return nf Messi*s. Howiiian and Young for the respective Ridings, The litest eluction tn the Commnns, which nccurrud Septumber IVtIi, 1W78, wrnught a iiividutimi in the imlitics nf this cnunty in cniiimnn with the Dominion in general, and led to the defeat nf (he twn guiitleiiien who hail cnntiiiued tn ivpresent Waterlnn since Con- federation In the Nnrth Hiding, the successful candidate was Hugo Kriiii/, merchant, of Hcrlin : and in the south, SiiiiiU'il Meriier, manu- facturer, of Nuw Hamburg, Thu First Parliiimunt of Ontario was elected in 1867. Ill North Waterloo two candidates came forward- Messrs. Moses Springer, of Waterloo, Liberal, and John Xieger, morchant, of Wellesley Village, Conservative; the lirst named la'ing successful. In South WaterliNi the contest lay between Isjuic Clemens, a WaterliKi Tnwnship farmer, Liberal, and tlanicB Ciiimbiu, a Cniiservative iiiar.iifacturer, of Gait ; defeat being the pnitinii nf tlie latter gentleman. The Sandtiehl Macdnnald coalitinii ii;i|H'iiled to the country in 1371, and a geiieml election ensued. Mr. Springer was on that occasion elected by acclamation in the North Riding, and fnr (he seat in the South Mr. Clemens defeated the Coiiserviilive nominee, Mr. .\lirahaiii Erb, miller, of Preston. The Tliinl ( hitario Legislature was elected in the early part of 1875. North Waterloo once ninre returned Mr. Springer, thniigh nppnsed liy Alexander Millar, Barrister, nf Berlin, Conservative ; while in (lie South Riding, .lolin Fleming, a Gait merchant, was elected by acclamation as a siipjKirter of the Mowat (■overnment Dnringtli, third session of that Parliament, Mr. Fkiiiing's seat was rendered vacant by his death, and the contest for the succession lay between Isaac Masters, a Lilieral, farmer, of Wiliiint, and Samuel Meriier (now M.P.), of Hamburg, lndo{iendent, the fnrnier being elected by a narrow majority five votes. •Tune 5tli, 1879, was thu date of tho last gunural election to the Legislature of this Province. ( In that occasion Mr, Springer was for the fourth time returned for North Waterloo, defeating Ferdinand Walter, a merchant of Bamberg, Wellesley Township, the Conservative candi- date. The seat for South Waterloo was tilled by the election of ■lames Livingston, Max manufacturer, of Baden, Liberal, who was opposed by .John Finn, farmer, of Waterloo Township, Conservative, During the current year Mr, Springer was appointed to the Shrievalty of this county, thus vacating Tiis legislative scat for the North Riding, The "vacant chair "was nnnii after filled, hnwever, by the election nf E. W, B. Snider, merchant miller, •'( St, .loi^nbs, in opposition to Mr, Walter, above muntionuil. Thu Parliamentary reiirusuntatioii nf this cnunty at present stands thus : Hnuse nf (jnmmnns North Waterlno, Hugo Kraii/,, merchant, Berlin, Conservative; South Waterlnn, Samuel ' Menier, manufacturer. New Hamburg, Conservative. ( hitario Legislature North Waterloo, E. W. B. Snider, merchant miller, St. .lacnbs. Liberal ; South Waterlno, .lanius Livingston, manufacturer, lladen, Lilieral. Thu history of municipal institutions in Canada covers a period of less than forty years, tliure having lieeii no such furiii nf gnvernment intrudiiced into this cnuntry untirthe union of the Provinces, which nccurrud In 1841. In the faniniis report nf Lord Durham to the British Government, on the status of governmental iiftairs in Canada, liu tnnk occasion to remark that one reason why the Parliament nf the day wore so impotent in promoting tho general welfare was that they wasted too much energy uiKin " parisTi atl'airs ; " and in conformity v.itli the spirit of said repirt, the First Parliament of united Canada provided for the establishment of Muni. i|ial Councils in the rus|K'c'.ivu Districts thniiighoiit t'piicr Can.ida, tho .\ct tnliingilect .lanuary 1st, 1842. The Districts referred tn embraced, in most instances, several counties, and it. each case aa much territory as now comprises from one tn throe uonntius. The tVellington District was numbered among those then erected, and included, in aildition to thu present ciuuty of that name, that part of Waterloo County lying nnrth nf Dumfries, and alinut three-fnur:'i8 nf tho present County nf Grey, extending from the southern bon'jr of Waterloo Township to the Georgian Bay. Guolph was made the laat of Government for thu District named, and theru the Council held its meetings during thu cnntinuancu of that gnvernmontal system. Tho Councils alhiiled to wore comimsoil of " District Councillors " so called, chosen from tho differont townships nr unions thereof in proimrtion to their res[ioctivo population, some townships sending two representatives to tho Council, and in some instaricus half a dozen uniting to sund nnu. Tho CounciUora were elected for tenns of two years at the "Town Meetings" of tho period, whereat all the muni- cipal biisinesrf of thu year was transoctoii. Tho Councils were presided over by a Warden, who was an ajiiKiintuo of tho Crown; but in 1847 the apiMiinted Wardens retired, and their pUces were filled by election from among the members of the re8|iectivo CounciU. The Clerks were aUo Crown appointees, but elected, in u:uih case, from a list of throe numoi] submittoil to (Government by the Council. During the continuance of tho systum of District tloveniment, wliat is now Waterloo County roinainod |iart and i«rcol of the Wellington Disttiel; and even after the alnihlion of IHsliii'ln mid the >f eliHling the Coiiiitv ('..uikiU ii'.iii th;it pn*vinii.«ly pn>iuiUiig, this intiiiU was . iie hiii'.ii.' the iiinti'.t Cimiiea of Welliiigtnii, Wiilerl.H.and Givy. In I85K. Ii.woet, \\,i(. rl.-. «», »>'( asiib' "pMiiKiniially.' •. .. graiKed « " pi->.ii«i..ii»l iiidi {., ii.leul existence : the /i.'.riwi iH'iiig (lia( i( Rhniild'f ri.: ( (he tii'i't.iuary i'>.tiiii\ Huildingn iK'fnre tn'comlllg elllllled In anslime and i-xi'Prfse full lol l"ira(e fuilelinll« llliring the |4Tloil .if plMVlKMlinl iMsteln i', Hi. Reeves mill lli.piilies nf Waterlno County iiiiiniei|irtlilh4t im .i. members ..f Hie Ciiiincil nf the united iniiiiliis. The existence nf Waterl. n . as a Prnvisimiiil I'.niiily d.iles frntii IH;..!, ill Wllicll \c:ir Its Provisinlial Cnlinill kiu> thlln i'om|u.aeles|H'lei'. The liiiflnt f..r W«rl, n resulted in the electimi of |lr Scott : and the Clerkship wAa liril..*,.! ii|Hiii William l>atid«.ii. In 1854, having cninph'led (he Curl ll.'iiiu'. .lail, ,Vc. , the ciiiiiity was finally severed fmm lis nlliami' xiHi Hi.- nthein nmueil, mid theiirefiruanl lias pursued a ciuinMi nf iiide|H'iiili ni municipal goveriiiiieiLl. The list of Waiilelis finiii the i|n|,. iiielillnlied (n the presilil Ii.ih been as fnlh.ws : 1853-4 5 6, .loliii Smit, MIL. Heeve nf Wateil... Tnwuship ; 1857-8-9-60. Isaac Cleimiis, Reeve. .f Waterlnn Tnwii»hi|. , 1861. Wendell Bnwiiiaii. Reeve nf Walerin.. I'l.wtiHlilp ; 1862 3. Ileiin S. HulH'r, Reeve nf Berlin : 1864. Thmiias l'lii«li.,|i>i, Reeve ..f N..mIi Dumfries : 1865, Henrv U. Tve, Reeve nf Wil i . \6hh. Dr. W M Vanlnii, Heeve nf Wellesley ;' 1867, Kphraiiii Kib, Reeve ,.f Walerlm. Tnwuship; 1868, Charles Hendry, Reeve . if W...il«i,li ; l«hO. .I.ilin Fleming, Reeve of Gait; 1870, Genrge Haiulall, Reeie .if Wul.rln.. Village ; 1871, Abnim A, Erb, lU'eve nf I'lestnii . 1872. Ge.irge Hespeler, Reeve nf Hes|a.|er ; 1873, Samuel Menui . Reine ..f Ne« Hamburg ; 1874, Abmiii Tyson, Reeve nf Berlin ; 1875. .1. U Mimre. Heeve nf Xnrlh DuiiifrieB ; 1876, tliristnpher /iiger, Reel... if W1I111..1 ; 1877, Ferdinaud Walter, Reeve nf Welleslev : 1878, lliinv M.Nalli. Heeve of Waterlnn Tnwuship ; 1870, .Inhn II. Snvder. Reeve "f \\.«.l wich ; 1880, RiclmnI .lafi'rav. Reeve nf Gull ; 1881, Willimii Hindi 1, Heeve of WaterliKi Town. The Council fnr 1881 is eniii|Hised as under the firal name men tioneil in c uineition with a municipality la.iiig the Heev.'.llie siioinl the Mi-sl |iepii(y Heeve, and the (hiril. if any. (Iia( nf (lie • ■.ei I>e|iii(y Ht ive ; llerlin, W. .lall'ray, .1. Ald..nn ; (ial(. It. .IiitV.iiy, .Ins McTague, ..'-v. PaKerson ; Hes|H'ler, U'wis Kribs ; Nev llaiiiliiirg, (Kto Pressiirich ; North Dumfries, Theioii Itiuhaii-.n, Tl an C Dnii^la" ; Wateiloo Town, William Snider . I'lesl \V. (', Silihulei ; Wa(erloo Township, («aac Gmh, .Vamii Kriif(. Tiliiiaii II. Siiidii Wellesley, Fenliiiand Waller, Valeidiiie otterlniii. It. Y Ki»li ; ttil mot. .las. Livingsl M.P.P., .losepli A. Uiird, Henrv Wnhl ; \\....| wich, .Inhn It. Snyder, D. S. Snyder, .1. K liiiliaili ' TOWNSHIP or WATERLOO KlHK\t IMi THK Towns tty HltKI.IN K\l> WiTK.HI.nn, ts)i ruv. ^'ll.L.VilK.H OK |*|tKSTt>N \NIt IIksPKLKK. hi pntnl nf tiii)Kirtiui)il aivu, thu orj^iiiut TnwiiHlii|> <>f WattrloM in iiiu' of tlu! irnmt "xtfiiHivL* hi Wi-Htuni Ontario, im it ih uIk* iiiiioiiv; flit- mimt ailvtiiiicit iii ruNjicct of itt* fertility of Hoil, uialiTial ilex l.imiuiii. luul tlio wi'altl i>f itM rt'HitluntH. It iN.-cii)iii>M iiii t'liHtcrn ifiitnil xAiu >• nil tin- iiia|i of tlir i-itiiiity, lying W't^vt'iin the T""wnMhi|«'4 nf \VKt<>ri rnutit\ < ii t\u uiut. Itx territory is well watoreil hy the tlraiul Kivei.ihe S|iiiiiL itM eitlite extent fmm north tn Hniitli, while \\\v Speed eiileiH itn i-iNttrri hniih-i Hniith nf the eeiitn*, tlnwin^ tlieiiee thi-oiiKli lleHiK ler and I'lenlnn l'> a junction with tirand Uiver a Hhnit iliittanee hehm (In- latter pla< • , and neir the Nnrth hninfrieH hoiiMdary, The topogmpliy of Waterhio tintln expreHHJon in a Kenerally lollnn; plain, witii varying degreen i»i iindiilatioii ; the Mceix- altiinattM h*- tweeii hmad areiuinf snlmtHntially levi-I Hiirface and -tliarp ridii.--* Mhieli in Munie inxtanceH aMiiMiie tlie anitively light and the 'indier prni- i pally pine, nf which vmtt aiitoiintit Itave tieeii ■ tjt henalmnt, .Aiintlin ridge of Hoiiie pmniiiieiice inteiw plrt thi* \iett I'ltueeli Itt'ilin jiiid Waterlnn, hut a iihnrt di»tance further i-ant Huh-^ideH ait>utli i>aKl corner may he fieen ha hne agricultuml proH|H-i-tN an «'vi-t dehghttd th<> eye and enchained theadmimlioii nf ilu' iK-lmlder Tlii-n* an- .*iiiie Hppnftu'heM to roughiieHit, however, in the land nkiilict^ the '**•• nvei"* hnit nunied, whn»e hanlcH vary givatly in '.eight at ditleiviit pointH, in Home localitieH approaching what may he ilenerilied uh IdutfH, \dnle iii othem they Hhc Init little alMtve high water mark- Watt, rhio wfu the eariieMt nettleil of any rtdand towimhip nf ihc weMteifi , '•niiiHula, the cirenniNtani«.>H, immediate and renmte, wliiih led tnthat reitnit lieingHulMtuntinlly un fnllnw.^: Itn pinneern h^-hnged to a H*ict wlmite inception wha witneiuieil in d named Man not fftVondde for the ilevolnpmeiit nf cnnnU whicii in any mantit i chulied with wlmt the iniignateH clioHt^ to voinidi^r the mterenlh nf Me Statu : nor were the goveiT:,;;nt« of cvu nutliiietl y iiiiinlH-rH nf tlifin tt> iimimivi! to ii cliiiiu w)ti ri' ii iiiori' iwrfvit form of rvliKimin liliiTtv iiiiulit Ihi ux|H!vteil to |ir>ivjiil. Am thu Piiritiiii piltfriiiiH ((iiitttiil KmuIhikI for tliu wilflfniciiH iMtyontl lliK Wvatiini iimili in lio|n< of tlnclii;|( tliii 'ilwrty of lonwiunni wliiili wiw ilt)iii(>. v- (4iniiivi< propurlionN, anil i-HRiilti'il in |Mi|inIiitintj fiirgi) Moi'tionii of liiy tliu uIiwh of whom wit writo. TlK*ir iluKitnilaiitH Imvit Hinci- i-oimt to Ut known, fntni onit ttnil of tliiH I'lji- tinent to tint othrr, iw thu " rt'tiniiylvania Dutch" a t"rm appliitil an a (liitiiictioii lathiir than oint of illmitiiiHict, iw in l>y aomu iH>»plt> I'rroni'oiiHJy Hiip|>oNtMl ; and hui.crforth, let it lii' iiniluriitfMtd, the ii'fcruncu in thuHii pagcii to thu l'*!?inHylvania Dutch Ih to Ihi coiiHtriiud lui iillniliiiK tit tl itir ort){iii iiiunily. TIiumi puoplu braiichuil out over tlu* adjoining coiniticH, anil itvuii (-ohmiitH, iitatuti and turritoriun, as tint |Kipiilation of their limt adoptud locatitiuii liucaniu tiHi duiiikt for fiiilhitr at^ricnltiiral Nctttitmitnt, Htill retaininK, howuvur, thuir iiuciiliai' thi'oricH liH Mtatitfl uliovc, anil niaintaininu a conaiiUtralilu dugrue of rxi'luaivunuHH from otliur ma-iuty. Thu mithruak of the Amuricnii Kuviiliition, howuvur, miirkud thu iluvulopinviit of mimu moditicatioiiH in thuir HuntimuntH ruHjiuctiiitj a participation in wiirfiiru, >ui well IW a hi'k of harmony aminiK thciniutlvi'ii an to which iiidu of that controvuiiiv Maa nioHt duMurvinx of HiipiHirt. While hoiiiu of the Amuricaii-liorn ruprewiiit.itivun of the Hect nnliordinHtuil thuir horror of war to their hutnid of Hritinh oppreHHion, and ■hoiildurud the Hint- lock for thu defence of.coloi.ial honor anil fruedom, othurM, actuated no douht hy aiiicere opinionH 'if the rij^ht, enliHted in the Hiip|iort of loruign tyranny, which niulonlitedly their crude jiid)(inunl chithed in (he uarb of virtuoiiH aiitliority. That ntnigKht wan prohnhly the indirect caiiwt of tint mignUion to Camula of thu fiint reprusuntativeH of thu cIiihh of which we now write. In 1796 the pioiutitrH of thu movement croiwed thu hoiHler, and Huttleil, Home near Niagara, and otherH along Yongu Street, hack of Toronto ; hnt the tinit to |H>niitmte the 'A'iliU of Waterloo tjoinity left Punniiyl- vniiia in the year follnwing. 1'lie vanguard of tliu nioveinent hither wan foriiiud hy .limu pli Hh urk and Samuel llutzner, from Franklin I'lmnty of that Htate, wfnwe pri'ference for Kritiah iimtitiitidnH in ci-uditcd with having uiH|iired their ileaign, though thuy had not iHiniu ariiiH intheivcunt hoHtilitiuH. Ikting in mmlumte circnniHtancuH, thuy could not afTonl thu expeiiitu of a preliminary proHpee'ing tour, no they .brought thuir faniilien with them at thutimu. .Arriveil on thin nide of the border, the former spent the following wintur in the vicinity of tlio Kalln, while the latter Hojourneil in the locality of where Ancaster i.ow niands. Heiiig dinnatialied with tlione nuctionn an |iuriiianent pliicon of location, they prennud onward aliout thirty milen l)uyond the then lin.it of civilization, thuir lutilicular impulse being a ilesiro to dincovor and locate uinin the bank of » fine river of which thuy had heard as traveraing thin ivgion. No whitu aottlum had an yet |iunetratuil the dcjitha of lliunc furustn, but II few "Yankeu" trudun in furn had ustalilinheil tliuninelven in tomiHirary i|uartum at inturvaln throughout that part of the wihlernuna lioraering on civiliuitioii ; and of thiinu, 1 1' run, of the naiiiua reniicet- ively of Dodge, I'renton and Woodward, nuld forth along thu tlmnil Itivei within the prununt County of Waterl. The two hut naniud left thin locality U|Min the appiiioch of the |iioneur, but Dodgj rcmaineil and liocanie a |i(trinan»nt and prominent Uiidmark of thu comninnity, and wnn notuil for bin uccuntricitiun nf character and Hitntiment. It in ex|ilainad that thu word " Yankee," an aliove applied, was in thone dt\yn iin-jd an a dintinguiHiiiiig turm butween the English-npeaking pttoplu and thu I'unnnylvaniaiet, who ntill clung an they now cling to thuir miither tongue, though a century liiul ulapseil since the nettleinent of their iincefttjim in America. About the time of the lulvu'it of Sherk and Ket/.iiur, two other " Yankuus," named ivniK'ctively Ward and Smith, were engaged in "nlanh^';»' the way for a load which (iovernment ciiiteniplated linilding from Diinilan toward where Waterloo now Htauiln. Having natisHud themnelven, from a thorough uxaininiition of noil, niirfiice, timber, etc., of the eligibility of thin ncjtioii (along thu Oranil Itiver) an the ncuiiu of future agriciiltnnil operaiionn, Messrs. iSherk and Ket/.iier rettirued to the Niagara frontier, duterniint*d to ruiiiovu hither with their fnmilitts the foMowing niiring, and detlnituly hicate in the wimhIh. The township hail alntady lieen granted by its original granteen, the Six Nation Indians, to Richaiil Xeasluyanil twoothem, who had placed a moiigagu utHiii it but thin latter fact remained un- known for mtuie yearn thereafter, in so far an enncemed the pioneeiv. Sliork and itutxiier piinhitseil directly of Beanley, pitying bis price, and HUlTering the conmti)UenceH of his lUshonenty later, tw the neipiel will show. Sherk exclmnged bin horse for the land no purehaned, but ntill had meann left to puR-hone a yoke of oxen and a nled, by which meaiin ho transported his family to Waterlwi in the early npriiig of 1800, and located the farm on the river bank, directly opponite Doon of tint pivnent ; while Butziier tmik up what has since been known as the It. It. Ilownmn farm, adjoiniiig tne village of Blair. lAter in the spring of the same year, the se"onil contingent of settlers fiimi IVnnsylvania arrived in Waterloo, consisting of Samuel Uetnicr, Sr. , and Chrintiaii n«u| ■lol^^1!eielHU't\)(hlk came in fairly iHpiipped for the battle with the fnivnt, iimoiig the possensionii of itHch lieiug included a four-horMt team and "emigrant" wagon, containing such utensils as could 1h' most conveniently cameil and utilixud in their new home. Thu (iiirties nainegun, while they iieiwuially eaine forwartl to pMs|ieet, making prejiai'ationn to move in the autumn following. Betuner, Sr. , hwiited lieside Sherk, op]K)situ Doon: and the Reicluirtn furiher up the streaiu, at what in now called Freuiiort, but whiuh locality was for many yekrs referred to as tlie " Toll Bridge," the origin uf which oppelUtton it obvious. Sewral partiw from Moiitgoiner)' County, Pa., came to the town- ship in 1801, among whom were lleorge, .lohn anil Abniii lieclitel, Dilnian Kinstty, Benjamin lloMtnburger, tlohn Bean and liin father's family, and tlcorge tMemmeiin. Moat of tli.tHe named had familien, but tMemmenn wan at that date inimarrieil. lie afterwards eamed great |iromineiii'e anil |Hip>ilarity in the lommiinity by bin rredilaiih' |iartici)Hition in jiublie iitfairn, and lived up to within the rert.ilectitiii of many now in etirly maiih I. The " wagon train " by which the inirty alluded to reached this townnhip wiu dinwn by nine fitiir-lntrne teaiiin, while a connidenible herd of cattle was'diivun by niembern of the party. .Vnil thus they made the slow and wcarinome ameiit of the .Mliglinnien, and, after ten weekn of "life on the mail, ' they reiKliid the gital toward which they had so )iurseveringly prenm'il. Of the party naiiieil, Itechtel stttleil a nhort dintiiiice went of Blair; lioneii- liiirger a little above I'restoii ; Kinsey just west of Doon ; anil tleorge Clenimenn, to wliom in accoriled the distinction of having driven the limt team through the Beverley nwamp, about a :iiile cant of I'ren- t^ii). thi the homesteads HO located have tliuir res|iective descendants remained up to tie-' iirewtnt, with one or two exceptionn. The |iioiiuurs of Waterioo were genumlly well-to-do, and brought with them to their new homen not only suHlcietit money to pay for their hind but also to leave, in many instances, a neat siirplun, and a giHnlly list of nucli eiwi'iy traiin|iortud impleinentn an are peculiarly adapted tonervice in the winidn. While thus placed above the reach of want (ill which res|)ect they were much more favontil than the pioiieum of niont other Caniulian towiislii|is) they hiul still to gmpjile with the manifold lianlnhipn and inconvenieiicen of biinli life, from which evifi gold would lett piiRliasu their exemption. The nearest mill, for soiiiu years, wan where Diindas now stands, to reach which it was necessary to traverau aliiiont im|>annidilu nwanipn during thu greater number of the twenty-live intervening milen ; and at the saniu .listant |Hiint wiw hicatud the only apohigy for a ntore to whicli they had accenn. The ninnmer of 1802 witiienmtd the arrival of reinforcemeiitn from iH-tyond the Alleghanies, aiiiong whom were the Sanitun, Hhu|Ht, Liver- giMid, Wisner, Itingler, and (.'ornell families, and JoHu|ih Bechtel, who nebseiiuently laicainu thu Hint to pruach thu Meiinonite croeil in the new nettlemunt. Also included among the arrivals of that year well! lohn and Samuel Bricker, the lant-namud of whom became the leail- ing npirit, noinewhat later, in the formation of the Dutch Com|iany, to which referencu will anon be miule. It is worthy of iiotu ia thin placu (A'lule conniileriiig the aci|uinitionn to the material KtiiftiH of Waterloo during 1802), that in that year the tirnt nchool-houae in tlic coninuniity was built - it being also the first, no far as the knowledge of the writer extends, in any inland county of the I'rovince and in the editice alliitled to one Kittenhaun wan the tirnt to teach. With the intlux of the Pennnylvania Dutch in niicli large numbers, wluit few Yankee huiitei's and squatters had located along the (irand River disiKised of or almndoneil their interests and ivmoved, with one or two prominent excuptions. The result of persevuriiig toil began meaiiwhilu to bu displayed in the ex|HUuliiig limits of the clearings surrounding the cabins of the settlers ; ami soon the original habita- tions themselves began to Ito doniolinhed and butter oues erected in their steail. All these parties had ]iurchased their {arms from Richard Beasley, niipponing, of course, thuy were receiving a good title to the pro|ierty for which they hail imiif. They were noon undeceived on that (joint, however, by one of their numlier, SaiiKicl Bricker, having accidentally heard tlio Htdtiin of the land deal discussed by a couple of strangom in Little York. Re|>orting the conveiKation in the settle- ment, .liicob Bechtel and Samiiul Bet/.iier were ap|Kiiiited to investi- gate the rumor at (Sovernniunt lieadi|Uarters, where they learned that Beasley shared the grant (94,012 acres), including their homos, in common with James Wilson and John It. Konnean, anil that a joint mortgage from them luid lieeii reconled againnt the tract. Thin information spreiul consturnation among the pioneers, who had ex- (lended their all, in most coses, in the improvement of their ('anadian lomos, and were now apparently placed in a position of ileenaation during such periial :is the ComiHiny should claim his ser\-ices in tluit connection. Daniel Erb was ap|Hiinted Bricker'n ossistan., and, with 920,(KX! in their ix>ssessioii, they started for WateriiMi soon after. Through Erb's unsophisticated " verdancy," the intentions of the company reached Beasley 's ears, who then usumeil an attitude of indifference (I) to the overtures of the agents, and thereby succeetled in wringing from the coinpaiiy a higher price tlmn he hail previously asked or over ex|>ectetl. The price HiuUly itgrueil u|H>n was ¥40,000 for -. tract of 60,000 acren ; ami after soiiie more narrow encaiws fro .i disitster tlmmgli the treachery and ilishunenty of Beasley, the deid wan formally ex- ecuted in March, I80J. The grant was made ti Daniel and Jacob Erb, for the Company, the latter liaving taken the place of Bricker, who was alloweany no formed ban ever since been referred to its the " Dutch Company," whose new possessions I were then located in " the County of York, and Home District." I In 1804 Michael Uroh, grandfather of the present Reeve of the township, solecteil a locittion near where Preston no»- ntitnds, and i retunied to Peniisylviuiiu for his family. I)n the way back to ('aiiiida, llie name year, lie died ; bill his family, ineluiliiig Inn sou •foliii, tiieii seventeen yearn old, ci-iitintied their journey, and hiutlly Itosnesned tile farm which their father had located. I '|Ktn the completion of the ileeil lii'twcun Beaaley iiiiil the Dutch t'ltiiijiany, a new iiii)Httus wits given to the nettlement of Wiitii-lou bv the reilirei'lion hither of the eiirruiit of Pennnylvaniitn iiiimigiiition, nhii-li hail been teiiipni'arily niinpenihtd during the pritvaiencit of the iiiiiertaintien atteiuling the ntatiin of aHiiim |ireviounly exinting. The inromiiig M'ttlern ha. I fariiiH assigned tlieiii without the nlightent regitnl Iti iiniforiiiity of geographical outline ; and en long the |Minnibility of laying out Iiighwityn at right aiigles and uniform distiMicen from eitcli other, without invitiliiig very senounly the riglitn of iiuineroun ownein, eiitintty vaiiinheil. ;\ii apology for a tuirvey of the tntct wits, however, etfected, and iirean of abiiost every variety ol tize and nhitpe were laid out under the name of hits, which well) duly niimliered ; but a glance at the II apof thu township will miow that in nomu caneii thenu " lotn " are nitiiateil partially on one nide of the township and partially on the op{Hisite sitle A syntem of the iiiont regular irregularity witn obnerveil not only in the laying out of the hitn but the location of the highwayn, tliiin neccnnitittiiig the aid of a map or an ani.iiitted guide by strangem making a tour of the townnhip. The intlux of locateen during the year IHOo wan iiiui.li iiioiv coii- sidemble than in any previous year, if not more nuiiieroun than the 'tggregate of all itrucediiig oiien, included among them being the Krb, Stiiuller, t'arrell, Kiiiift, Hammaeher, Schneider, Eby and llowniaii familien. The iir violin year, John Erb, Abritm StaiitTer (aboie alluded to), anil oii" Wolier, had come hither on homeback from Laiicanter, Pa. Arriving near the nite of (lalt, they came upon an Indian camp, where nome of the Six Nationn were indulging in a frolic, a " brave" named " Old Jitck " being Krst in ituthonty. The latter worthy accused the travellei'n of the crime of being " Vaiikeen," ami thraateneil to shoot them unlesn they should forthwith make themselves " scarce" thereabout, .^^iiiding they could avail notltjng by denial and parley, and noting " Lo's" intent to execute bin lliivat, the young men " stood not u|niii the oiiler of their going, but went at onie," though ore they panned beyond range a bullet from "Hid Jack'n" riHo took effect in Staiiffer'n arm; but the wound nonti healed under the care received at thu home of John Bricker. Some of thin year'n itrrivain became leading actors in the drama of nubsei|Ueiit events in the community, nnd miiiiitiiineil a high ilegree of iiitiminence for many years thereafter— notably the Erb, Eby and Bowman families and tiieir descendants, who will be more minutely ntferred to in connection with those |iortionn of the townnhip where their iiiHueiice wan iiiont active. In |HiiiUiil ill aiilmliiiitiiil Hiiil iMi|«iitniit iiii|iiiivi'iiii'iilii uiinii hii iiiwly Bciiiii'uil Kmiit. Tho liint ■•( tln'Hi' in wliiili tin' |piilihc wore inli'ioiiluil »«» » iibw mill, wliuli «iw put in ■■luiiili.n «i'"ri uftur, tliiMiKli mil until .Inhn Krii liml iilrimly m-l it niiiiiliir iiiHtiiiiliiui iiiiiiiini{ «' rii I'lTntiiii mm itiimlii, Tim immrivi" "f inmimrn- wiijt lint ni|iiil lit till' iiliiiu iiml iliili^ "f wliiili wi' mill'. hihI mil "nlil 1816 wiw tlii^rii n «iiiit mill fiwtnl nn tin Imiik iif tlm nliinni in wliiit in iinw thii liirnrt nf tlm tmvn. TliiK catiililinhnmiil. «ii» uUn liuilt liy Alirnhnin Krli, in atill •tiimliiiK. itml fnrinx i> |Hiiliai'H HjiriiiKur ; 1862. Diiniul Snyilor ; 1863-6, .l<>lin Hntl'man ; 18670, Mnaea S|iriiini'r ; 1370-72, (iunrgu lUiiil.iU ; 1873-6, Mnai'a .SpriiiKi'i-. In 1876 thu villai^i.' wiia iirmnnti'tl In thu rank nf a tnwii, wliiii Mnsu'f Springer waa t'li'i'tt'il Maynr, uml waa ri'-oli'i*ti'il in 1877; tii'nixf ItjiiMlull huhl thu uavul iii°1878; Oliriatiun Kiniipf in 1870 ami 1880; whilu fnr thu prusuiit your, thu ninniuipiil aliitu lii'iiia tlm fnllnwiiiK iiuniua ; Maynr, Kunjuinin Do Witt ; Uiiuvo, William iSiiiilur ; (.'niiii- oillnrs Wuat Waiil, Amlrow Rnckol. .Iinnli M. Unau, .1. Kallifliiaoli ; Si 'ith Wiiril, Iiuvi liroyliill, ,r. E. Si-aumm, AliBulnm McriU'r ; Eiiat Wunl, . T. K. ,67 miles wu»t of Tornnto. Having no water powur, it haa nf cniimi. niiaacil tho iwlvantagus apringing fi'iiin niunufuuturua tliua proiiulluil, though its ilustitiitioii in tliut reapuct hiw liy no luuuiia left thu town without fitutiirius. In fitct, tlieru are few if uiiy towns of ita aiw in the Provincu thut citii Iniaat a inoru uxtuniluil list n| inanufiictiiring ubIiiIi- lishinunts prnjieUoil Iiy .tcnin than cun tho nno nf which wo write, ita uttract'ons ill that lino ineliiiling Hnuriug mills, four la u nnd extoii- sive butter factnrioB, tho only Canuiliaii iiiunufitctory nf tho celuliintuil felt anil leather biMits anil shnes, toy and "iintinn" factory, ami nthui-s of lesser inilivitlual iiiiiHirtance, liiit consoiiuentinl in the iiggregute. The situ nf tho business lairtioii nf Ilcrlin was origiiiully a forniiil- able swamp, though the litiul rises towuiil the uast aiul iirovitlua a must pluasttnt site for a Court House, a niiinber of the cIiiiivIiub, anil many of tho private resiilencea of the town. The first settluiimiit upon its site was iiiailu in 1807, when Benja- min Eby located what was long known aa thu Eby farm, just to the oast of the business portion ; and at thu aaino tiiiiu .loai^ph Schneidur took up another part of the town situ. Thusu pitrties liuil cniiio fniui Ijancaster County, I'enn., tliuBitniu year, incinnpuny with u iiHUiernna contingont of others, who suttluil in the township adjacont to thu Umnd River. As late as 1P16 the swainp was the only " landinark " wheru the centre of trade and traftic now is ; and in 1820 the only feature of relief in the landscaiio was a sinall blacksmith shop standing at the present junction of King and (jueeii Streets. In 1823, however, the foundation of the town inuy be said tlatud emiMirking in a business of such extent as thuir oombined efforts could maintain, aided by the very crtide mochiiiury of the time. It clutnced that David Miller was also about to oiiuii a store at some [Mjiiit north of I'rustim, and all thu [lartius named began a concerted search for an eliijiblo site on roaaonable terms. They made overtures to the Iiroperty owners at the Toll Bridge (now Fru- jxirt), Bridgeimrt, and WatorliKi, but at each place received the same reply, that said owners did not care to havu their jilotB " cut up" or "diitijgured" by car\-iiig out lots on which to ii|)en either atoii's or factories. At length Hon Eby cuiiscnted to part with a ixirtion of hia fann, which was considered too swampy for agriculture, and the oH'ur being accepted, the enterprising young men laid the finiiidation nf what has since grown to bo one of the most progressive towns on thu line of the Onuid Trunk Railroad. Bi) Til.' i-niiiit-i I loll .'f .Ml. Il<.tliiia'i with till' niAlrnal inltTi-MtN ..f Ilcrlin I'Miilinii.'il till IH67, wlnii In' riiiinvi'.! I.> Wiittrl.H. Duiiiig Ilia M'Slili'lli'i. hrl.' lit' ia a;ti.| tn IlUM' l-nlialMli tl'l lint If** lIlUII lifty llnllai'a tn the lilllllllllg lip nf III.' Vllljlgu, III* l.n.tlll'r Jiu-nl. mifl adiiiitti'd tn It parln.'raliip m hia fiirniliiri' liiiHiiit-aN Rniiic dim' aflir ita I'.ltul.llalimt'.il (Iti.H'i'l^ ItaMlltr t'.'lit. ill. .'lll.l liV lllla tillll »iia till' lllHt ati'jiiii I'liuilli' inlliwl'lri il int.. till' i.'iinlt, aa l|.i aaiil. A..a..ritilt',l wilti I:, till .Mill. 'I in llii' pi-.%piii-l.>iiiliip"f ili.'lirai imrt-antili- rataMialimi'iii in t.iMii. wi'ic Ilia lirnlliiTH Williiiiii iiii.l Knili'iii-k, l.iir lliut triii"ii'.l tn Ni-ii ItlllKJi'i' anlili' llliii- lat.'l', ami t'"t' a Inliu I'l'lind iM'ri' till' lllnal |i|-.>llillli'llt l.ilHliit-aa liii'll 111 till- s.'iillii'tli pint of \\ Mill. I In 18,^7 I 111' ai'i'.iiiil atoll' ill town »,ia .ipiii.il l.> lliiiry II llnw- III. Ill, filth. r ..f till' pii'>iiil ('..iiiily Clerk, in ii.iiii.uiiy with .loliii ll.>lhlLIII, who alll.a..|ll.Mllly Irlll-.'il fl' ill.' I.ll.-iimai". » lil.ll vi.ih iniitiiiiitd liv Mr. ll.iHiuan up In 1868. NMhii iIh' M.aaia .Millar luniiivi'il t.i Jii'W Diiiiili'i' tlii'ir ll.iliii jiii'iiiiaia w.ii- ..riiipii.l liy .loliii \. Miu-kji', wli.i held a long ami pi'omim.nt cniiiii'i tioh with tin' liiiai lii-aK inlrri'ita ..f tin' plii.-i'. 'riii'i-i' was 111. " I. mall I Ill" growth in the liiatnry .if lU'i'lin, but. <.ii lliu rniitriiry, ila prnuri'Ka lip In till' tillll' nf loi-atiiig the county ai'iit hi-ru hail Ih'I'Ii of a iiioHt miHl.-nii.' ordi'i'. The piil.lir intrii'at in iliu plai'U waa pri'lty tlioroiii^lily awaki-iii'il liy the lii'i-ri' miilral wliii-li uiiBiH'd iip'in altrniplinu In a..l\i' thi' prnlili-m. " Wlii-ii' hIiiiII the county acal Iii' l.n'nli'.l ' " tli.' asptiatioiia nl' Hall an. I W'ati'tloi. Iiai tiig lici'ii moat I'liiplialirally lulvocatcil, but without aii.-.-i'aa lii'ilin |o..|i a Nomi'wliat briaki'r i-niiiai' afli-r llii' favnriilili' It riniiiuiion .f that cniili"! ; lull II.. I until Mir I'onil lint inn nf ilii. lii'aii.l Tiiiiik Kuilway tlirniigh ilH liiiiil.H. aliniil a acoic of yi'ura au'n. did the spirit ..f prn^ii'ia illrtpluy itiM'lf ill ila trill- I'lii'i-gy Iii'IimIiouI, trom ulii.li .Uli- ih.' ad vanci'iiu'iit nf lli-rliii in all mati'tial riain'i-ta haa l.ci'ii ati'iiily uii.l a.itia factni-y. if lint imnindi'rati'ly i-iipl.l, until tn-day it m'cnpiua u plitc.i aiming the iiinat aiibatiMitiul ami proi^naaivi' tnwna in tintiirit, cnii- liiining a popiilalinli nf ali.nil 5.000 a..iila. is Incatud on uitliur side nf the Kixci- Sped, alioiit u mile al...M' ila ciiiillia'iicu with tiraiiil Kivcr. Tlm giniiiil aapii I of Ih.' \illui,'i. ia not imlii-aliM' of niiicli I'lii'i-uy nr I'liU'rpiiai', I.nt alllioii<.^li it haa l.«'rii, with cnnaiiti'l-alili' li'mild fnr uci-lliacy, ih-ai-riln-d in " a alci-py nlil tlir mull villugi'," it ia the auat nf inm-h limini-ial aoliilily. that tiiiila little i nr nil cxpreaainii ill i-nnimi'rrial a.-tivitv. I I'ri'atnii ia iliataiil right mili'.i from Itcrlin, uml four from lialt. It ia trii\'('rai-il by the Wulliiiglnii, tiri'V anil Iti-iui' l.ruti.li ..f the tiii'ul WuMti'i'ii Itailway, and I'lijoyaall tin- fm-ilitii-a iiu-idi-nt tln'ri-in, iih i.ili ILH tlioai' attundunt npnii cxprcsa ami ti'li'^'.iiph aihantagi'a. 'I'tic jiriiii-ipul part nf thu villiiijf ia ati-iiii^ along oiu- .itii't't, rniiiiing from thu river tnwaril (ialt, thniigh in the lieiiiity ot the .S)k'i'i1 Ihi-re are aniiiu fitctnriuH nt cniiaiderulilu iiiugnittide, ami a niiniber nf iiieivuntilu eatuliliahmuntH. .Inhn Kill »aa the piniieer of I'lealnii, having aellleil ii|».n ila aite ill 1806. tllniigli u shiil't diafance to the ea-t ..f the villag.. there ivaa ;i rtuttlumunt tttlected in 1801 by .-Miniham and Da'.id liini^erich, fallier and Bull, wlin came froiii Ijincuatert 'niiiily, I'ennaylviiiiia. in Iiml year. with a cnnaidentlilu train of wagona, their funiiliea. farm stnik and impleiiu'iita. Mr. Erb aottluil nii Lnt 4. down .Hlieain lutuieii the piVaent village uml the tiraiid lliier, tlmiivdi hia .)ri;.niial purcliaae incliidud the iiiajnr purt nf the villai^e aite. D.iwii .Main Street, toward the Dumfriea lniMlur, one Niitzer had »etlled "nnieHlial in a.han.e ..f Erii, and the lower pint nf thu preaeiit viltiiu'e vviu imliided in Ina grant. Mr. Krb eninmeiieed eiierg.'tie npeialimia wilhoii^ delay, ami thu fall aiicceuding hia arrival iiad a aaw mill in rniiniiig order at tin- weat end of thu village, thu pnrtinii which in the ejn-ly diiya went by ihu iiuiiiu nf Cainliridgu, and within u abort time after L'lialiiii; faeililieH were uiiiled. .Aa early ita the clnae nf tlie .\ngln-.\iiiericini War ala... there wits an unpreieiitiniia stnre, nperuled by a wi.low named l..e.^i.er, which crnwned the ridge just iinrth nf th ill referiiil In. With that one exception, thuru wasiin niurcantile eatabliahiiieiit alinrt <.f Diindaa, which waa likuwiau thu neaiiat post nlliee, and for iiiuiiy yeaia the limited ipiuntitiea nf mail matter fnr all 111.' ii.irllii rii aeltlei'a'wniilil I.e brniiglit nut by any one wlm might chuiicu In lie in Dundaa fi i lliia tnwnahip. The arrival nf a letter in thu cnmiiinnity .vaa llieii u great rarity, and created gunenil Incul interuat. .\innng the eurlicat urrivitl.a in the vicinity "f I'reatoii uftii ila foundation were thu Erii hmthera. Abmlium and .luioli, and a niiiiib, r nf thu Snidcm. Onu nf thu last naine.l fuinily, Daniel by name, wua uaaiiciiitud with his futher-iii-luw, .Inhn Erb, in the propiiel..rahip..t the Bcc.ind stni-e niieiiud m.rtli nf Duinfriua, which was iHtabliaiied at Caiiibridgu ubniit 1818. It atoi.d in what ia ii.w ihe il.i.ir yard ..f .loBupli Erli's reaidence. The Burroumliiig territory began to almw signs nf greater ilevehi|inieiit by this tiiim, the population bee iiig iiiim dense itnd the clcaringB iiioro cxtemled. Of tin; arrivals ..f that peiiial whose piiatcrity have taken a |«ipiilur pl.ice in the eniiimiinily, none better desurve niuntion than Ibuuc Maatira, wlm Incated near this placu ill 1810. With the increitaud demand fn.- Iraile fucilitiea and inechunical products, itn iiniiulae wits given tn the gtnwtli nf Cum bridge (rrcBtnii being a iinnie nf later liestnwal), uml by Hie lime the fnundaiinn nf Berlin was luid a ciinsiilurubln villug.. gmced the banks nf thu Speed iit this pniiit ; and fnr a lini;; period thereafter, and indeed until u inmiianttively recent dute, it c.intinued In Imld the lead over bnth Beriin .iiid Wuterlon. Among ila iimat prnmineiit itiid enterprising business inuii were the Ferrie Urnthers Adam, Knli^t^ Colin itnd John—who cunied on an extenaive atniu here fnity yenrs itgo ; but lifter building the lurge mills iit Dnnii, they reimived thither their iiiercuiitile businuas, and thus liecaiiie the priicticul fniimleis of thut villuge, whnae present status suggests a dcpurted glniy fur in excess of what it now enjoys. Another ruaidont of iirominonce in the villugu forty yeura ago was an English gentleman iiained Seollick, u surveyor and en'; ,'eyaiicer by occupation, to whom I'reston is indebted for ita i.iipli.,ini.i'ua iiaiiie". He cuiiie friuii Prestuii, Engluiid, a rusemldance tn which is f..riiii!il by the hiiig street of this villuge, almost its entire uttructimis being dia' phiyed ahiiitj the same, hence the name, borrnwed frnin the " Iniig, thin, tnwn ' nf Lancitahlre. Not second in pniminence or uae! fuliieas to the village wiw .facob Huspeler, who carried on uxteiiaive business connections here for u nnniber of years Imtli prior and aiib. sequent tn his estaldiBliing thu nucleua nf thu village which now lieara bis name, in 1845. In 1850 rruBton w.ui thus i-ufurred to in Smith's " Caiiuda : " " . There are two grist mi'ls in the villuge, the ' Cambridge Mills ' ami Anchor Mills; two saw niilU. two vinegar factniies, .i wnoUuii factory, fnunilry, chair factory, twn ilistilleries, two tiuiii. liea, starch l'ii«i..n Then, are llini. «.rali'.l an a till.iu.' Ill liteJ, si whieh dal.- i.. mut.'nal altlll.lll.a .l.lil.tleaa nlllniiiiilKle.l lli.m. ,.f ||,e p,,,.,. uiii..iig III,, pnmip.ll ..f (I hulk may '"■ meiiii I a la.pnl.iii n ub.,111 '.bOO . fiiiiiiliii,', «t..vi',iiiiplemiiit, ». •.11.11. ami Ih..i m.l fui l..rie«. lather exteiiaive iIi.iiiiiik mill, ami 111. ii>ii«| aiiuv 't .' .iml at. .lea Viiioiw Ha lliLlleelmil adiulil.iuea an ,t pllbli. ...I. i'lii|. loving li\.' teaihera; a..niul line cllllli li,.a , Linlgea ..f V K .\ ^ *' I I- ". ..||ai.l.'ial.|.' liiimberaof tiaitoni In the Vllliigi., wh.. Uli- i.nl. i l.iim .1 ,. a I ng.' hoi,. I l.iiih a|n.cially fnr that elaaa ..f giiesia H Karri. Kll laja I>1 ml, la .|uite ebvilily loeali'.l, paHiallv nii ,.a,li bunk nf the « pnn.ipally no the ,.aal, .ib,.iii tin I.a ala.vi. rn.stiui, uml iieur the .•aal.rii bold, r ..f ibir. townaliip. T'le farm in Ihe nr I'ual aide nf the alieiim, on ivlii.'h iii..ai ..f the village atamU. «, nriginally aetlle.l liy .Mi.'ImuI ll.rgy, a I'.'llli.iliaiimii, »hil. >' nppnaite aid.' «aa ..wiie.i by Abnilialii C Cl..iii,.i,|, llelgy w.ialL, tiral tn introduce mannfaeliniiig appuralna int.. ilie pli,,., by biiildiii.' u aaw mill and amall f..iiii.lry alnihlly ali.i\.' lli.' Inari of the pn'seni villug.', wheiva amall atreuin enl.'ia th.' Spe,'.l,.uml llnaiaialibahnnni he .■..iitiniled to i.p.'l'al,' a niiinl.i'r of yeaia II.. lain l.iiilt n ai'iMml mill, on Ihealle ii.iw .«'. lipid by 111,. l|ea|M ler gnat mill . bill tlila he aniil to Mr. CI, 111,. Ilia above liielitioni.il, »li..ai. eoiiiii.lion with fhe early 1. Main, aa inlereala nf llie phue l.'d tn Ilia being ...li.i.l,.li.|| 111,. foiimler of the village Korliea' fuetnry iinw alanda, an.llier null «a< aonii theleafler, by Cnrnelnia ranmibaker an. I Ihe hial iiaineil of Hlmm a.Hiii ufl.r elieliil "I auid fail.ry, in .'oiiiii. Ii.,n Willi hIiuIi h.' f amall liipu.ily Tlm iillai;.. formerly pa». .1 llo|«., which .lum; In II iniiil later Ihini IHSO. name it now beara waa liealow.-.l ..lit of pbmellt to a gellll.' man wlioae ae'lv iterpriae eolllrilillleil mole lowuril the iiiali'inil welfare of the nllai;e than that nf any ..lller elli/ell the pliu'.' evir pnaaeaaed. .1*11111 IlKal'KI.KU, the gi'lltleinuil III .|ni'alloli, Maa I' native ..f Ila deii-lladen, lierniany, *lin came tn Cuiia.lu in hia yi.nili. I'liahitig on tn the then lllicivili/,,il Noilh W.-al, li<. naa f..r aoii'ie yeallt ..iigaiteil in Ihe fnr traile, in lb.' . iiip|..y of .l..lm .laeob AaL.r ami Ihe llinlaon Hay Company all.eeaaiv.ly. Hetlirnnig l.. . lllli/al lie ellglge.l ex leiiaively in niei'eanlile aii.l maiiiifaelnriim l.iiainean ill 1845 aeclired bnaineaa ihlereata in New Hop.., ipieiitly highly den-l..pi'd. Leaving lua lin-iiiieaa in name had niealiwhih' I n aaalimed liy Ihe \lllagi.) I. aolia, he w lit to the I'.icilie Slope, neallv a .a,'.i|i' of .lllat I., low wher liiiill about 1A40. or .loaepli IHierhnli/er ailnliler on the aile operaled a foundry by the llai f New The name it now b 111 I'reat.iii, but wlll.'h h.' aill..,. Ileapel.r (uhhli 1 th.' .ale 111 hih \e.ira alli.-e. aii.l for aeverul yeai-a engageil in the ciiiiii. ling of a cillle run. he, but returned In the village bearing hia name, wlieii. he reaiiiii.'il liiiain,.a.t ill the iiiill of Ilia forniir I. nil. ling, in ih,. i.(opii..|..ialiip ,.f win. 1. eiileriria.' lie died, Mai.h 5lli, 1881, He liad lakeii .i Mautiw and eiieigetie purt in all the public cmeriia ol hiH yniiilidil anil llliildle age, ami »iia ever umniig the liral, if ii.it the b'Uiler, ill aehemea of l.icul ..rgenerul benulit. Tlie cnneclioli nf .Mr Healieh'r with Iliin ullaue dllte.l from 1845. when h.. piirchiia.'.l the Clements' saw null In 18.17 li.' tore il'.wii that atrmture iiinl built iipnii th.. aile lli,. gri«l uml ll..iniii;( mill whi.h alill all lida Ihere, tn will, li . ..m.rn he milled u auw mill uml a diHtillery, and later a large woolhii mill ihelii'.l in lli'spel.r I'riiir to 1845. Ailaiil Head and .lollli liile.;..rl.'h liil.l each kept a ainall atore here, ami ill tin,' year nanieil Adam Slciw opemd a .|iiiie pretin tioiia mart nil the cm. i of the Iwo priii. ij.al atnila. ...niii i; m trade .luring a long peii.Kl.iiml alill letainingu r.ai.l and inlereat in the villu'.'e. Mr. Hes|a-h'r a ufl.'l blllll fait..ri.'.s ulliucl.'d iirti/.aiia, mechuiii.'a eal.il.ln.li and the pioaperitv of lleane|,.r ln-.ame an aaaiin . the Wellingion, (!rey and Itiii.e Kailiou.l In travelliii'.', aliiiiping and mail faeililiia to tlie .|. the expaliaioii and increaae of iii.iiiufaetiiii ^ Tn nllmli.-red woollen ami e..tt..ti iiiilla nf gi have fiiniislnd priititable employment foi II 'llier atiire ; the i tlteiiiaelvea ben', 1:1.1, .Since then. I.longht lirat i'la'.,i < ..f the viltagelN ^ Tn I'lig whii'h ale now .iju'ily and impoiiaiie.-) large share nf ila greull '1111. iiigmeiileil pnpiitatioii ; and the 'at,i).Iisliiii..nt nf nien-aiiiili id inalitiiti'ina in gii'iiier ii'iiiii..'r and variety liua llaiil. f ii.iil.' and imluatry, ltea|.. ' !"!■'• t llllM oil nf eaiple •tie nf principal atleet wilii III.- acuta enjoy. 'd milnicipal exiateliee ailu ■■ IIIS8. l»i.aaesai'a a p. itbout 1,000. a I'H'utiiin ill the iiinl^l of a v.'ry phaaiint ami Ineiibty, uml a dug-ee nf general .itlliielivelles.'*. which i. ir' the pleaaanteat villagea in tiiia p.nt of Ontario. lli.Aiii, nil the liraiid Hiv.r, al.niit thn-e mil. ■. w. -1 .1 rruaton, hua been the imiat importaiil of th.- iiienrp. .rated \ ili i.;- . mi tin.- town- ship, 111. High in gl'.ry hua wune.l nf lute yeum. i- 1 ii.. iiilbieiico nf nIll|H'litinll from li.-ill, IVealnll and llerlltl, 'I'!: '. ill.lUe (aipulat nf this place IH proiialily leaa than in IS.SII, mI whibi ita other atti ilmlia were Iwii tl.iiiriii and Koiiie atore-.. Tlioiigh the tiull aii.l I. Trunk Itiilway imw riiiia thmiigh the 1 uiice i,s not of a ]m\\ order. HIair. r , ■, as New Cailial.., ..r Durhamville, fi .,. the .laa pliU'eil at 140. . aaw null, tulinti\ •i iilancll nf till, lilai.'l , Its enmni..n-ntl inii' , 1 years ago, waa I ■>'<'• n fact nf thu mil' iliere .Mdia factory, pottery and thri'u breweries. An agricultuntl paiair, ' 1 ditchf Bamriifrfri-mul, or Caoadiaii Farmers Friend, ia piibliahui !- i»ist of th.- tirumi Ifiver. There coiii.i I.e nn limr atretch ■ f .igricidtunl Ifi il than that aurriiiinding I'.looiniiigdule, Hherc the n-idenf avonsidei 'It ureuceiitrea, iinpurtiiiL' siistuiianee In u|Kipiilaii',ii I'HOOnrthere.i nf HiiKsi.Ai' ia a pl:i.e nf S..I11I' cniiai.leralil. ' iiiiiiertrf*! capai.ily, hu'itted where the miin line of Ihe li.Tlt ■ r. .». a ..ne if the ptinci|ial highways nf the euHtern iBirt ..f the t..«iislwii The village cintunis u grist iiiill. si.'V.'i'al stores and innchanii . slmiat, and a tH.iintation "I ubnllt 120. HiiiiaiKi'iiHr IS ipiite pictunisipi.ly situiiteil on either buukoflhe firuiid Kiver, where it ftuwa thr..iigh a considerabl. xnrge, witfi i.h I. y IhmI and walls, from the creiices of whii'h have apruiiK fniigea '4 VI HIsroRICAL SKKTCII OF [IIK COUNTY ol VVATIIRLOO. kiinrli'il liiit iiiitji'iilir Irix'H iiii'l nliriiliK, wIimw (mIiiixc m uliniln Ivi'.il n i iliTJilulll> ItttrActiVK fuillurt' t" III.' nrrllr Tlmt JHilll.ili i,( till' ullllU" nil tliB wmt •iilti III the rtviT »»« finiinlwl liy .lwiil> M. ShiHiMiilor, who imiiiii liitlii'r' frniii IViiiiayiuiiiiii iii 1820, iiikI I'MiIi Iho iiiillii iit IliJtt iniiiil, which iirr iliin'h hy wiitir |»iwi'i liiiiii«hfil fn.iii ;i 'iiif |i.iiiil njulrniiii'cl II nlii.rt iIkIhimi. (imii lli« rucr, ml" whirli llir ili« i:lArKu iciii|itiiiii ll wii> fniiii Ihi' > iiiiiiiiiiliiiii'i' iiiiiiih'il l<> ihiil iIiih l>itrt l"iu kiiiiwii uiiil rrfyiml li> u» Hliit "( Ihii villimr Kiw iiillcil hriilKc|"iil fr Ihi' liinl, iiinl iiiiiliir thill pli'iMHiil iiiiiiihMiii i>iiliri' "liwh it imw iiimIiiiiI i>> jiiiaii. TliK |iii|iiilntiiMi lit Ihi- |iliiiti> in iiliMiit. 260, wltih' iiiiIIk, fiiniitiir« fiu'liiry, II iiiiihlii'r of ulnivii, hIio|,i<, Ai. , foriii tl thiT iiiljiini'lii I'knthkvii.i.k iimiiln no ii<|iliiiiiilioii of ilii iiiiini'. II in thi' m'iiI of MiiviiriiiiHiiit for tliM towimhiii, wh^rr Iiiin limui tii-(«<'tcil n \,ry iiriit iiiiKis liolli itri'hili»;liii'ully iiiul coiniiii'iriiilly. Kkkki'okt i» » hiiinliit of nlmnt 100 ihliiiliitiinta. on Ihi' I'lml luiiik of tirnnil Kivir, whcru tlm tliilt itinl lli'i'lin hiuhwiiy rroMiit Hint Hlniini. Ill tliii citrly hintory of thii lowiinhip, Ihin wiw tin' inont iniiioituiil iioiiit within itM Illinium, owiiii; iiniiL'iiiiilly t'l Ihi' I'ninli'iiii' of llin lirlilxt), tliii ciilliuitiiin of tiiiin ii|iiin whii'li KiVd thin villAgu thi' nniiii' of Thu Toll ItriilKu. ■''liKlliiiMii ill Ik mniilt hiiniliit nriir thu norlhi'iiHli'rn I'lirinT ii( Ihii lowimlilii, whuru thu runiiKmla rutiiin thu ilmmuturintiin of thuir ttunimn nittiiiniility to ii ili'K'ruu nriinu iiiul with ulnuwlii'iuin tliu town- •liiii. Thu villii|{u in liy no iinann iiii iiii|iorliiiit oim, loiitiiiniliK oiiiy ■nui oiiiiuurini of tmilumiil imluHlry iin niiiy Im nnniilly foiiinl in ii (iliiuu of 100 iiilialiitiiiitii. Okhman Mii.iji in tintniiino uivun loahnnilut nil tlinOiiHIimncliof thud T. H. , whiiili In conHtitiiti'il in rliii'f liy thu " Milln" in i|nuation, III) illuitnttion of whiuh iiiijiuiii'H on iiiiothur piiKu of thin volniiii'. KiiMHrril, ill thu unit uuntru of Ihi' towiinhip, ix in lliu niiilnt of II ntrictly (Jurniiin Huttluinunt niiiny of thu luiiiU'iitn holllill^ Ihu aiinitly, nor iniluuil coiilil any niich uinluavoi' hiivu provuil avaitinu at that ilatu, wliuii thu only iiiiinignition to the Provincu wan of I'. E. Ixiyalintn or otliur Ainuricann, who rucuivuil fruu gniiitn of Hiiuh gunorniiH uxtuiit an to prucliidu thu iluiiiiiinl for puirhnm-ti laniln ho ruinotu from thu thuii lioniiiln of civiti/ation an thonu of Dtmifriun, Tlivir piirchanur aiMiii aftur iliuil inluatatu, iinil for want of huini in thu iliruct liiiu, Ilia uatatt. iluncuiuluil to hin nintur, Mm. ,101111 S|iiirkiiiiin. iilno of tliu Ningani District. In 1811 Mra. Sparkmiin anil hnalininl lonvuyuil thu liiiiil in i|uuntiiin to Hon. Tlioman t'larku, of Stamford, Liiiuolii Ciinnty, liy wlioin it wan later cunvuyuil to lion. William Dickuin. It woiili) appunr that no part of tho pnrchanu price of thcnu laniln hail Ihiuii |mi(l to thu Iniliiina iiii to thu timu of thu Simrknmii I'liirku Iraiiafur, which ihnilitluna fiiriiinliuil thu jnaliticiition of KranlH hiiving again aiihl a part of tliuiii, iiicliKling thu jiruauiit nitu of (iait, to .\lu\- anilur Millur, of thu Niagara Uintrict, of ivlioni it in niiiil that hu aucnruil u grant of oiiu tlioiiaaml acrua in thu locality naniuil, in uxchangi> for a liiiu tuani of liiiraua which hu luiil liroiiglit from I'unnaylvaniii Thu iii'uoiau facta ciiniiuctuil with Unit |iurioil of (liiltn hintory liavu liuuii foiiiul vury iliHiuult to iluturininu, not only liy thu prununt writur, lull liy otlium who Imvu pi'ucuilccl liini in thu coinponition of hintorical lUiln coiicurnin^ this town. It ia liclii-'vuil, howuvur, that thu following vursioii of tliu facts ia aiiliataiitiiillv corruct. Millur iiiadu the purcliiisu in 1802 (inoluilily in igiiorancu of thucoii- vuyancu to Stuailinuii, who piiid liiin nothing on thu piMiiuily), and pro- cuudud with thu conatriictiun of a niill on thu uaat aiilu of Ihu rivur, slightly alwivu thu huaiiiuna iHirtiun of thu |u°uauiit town. For Ihu lank of liiiildiiig tho mill, Millur ungagud tliu |iarty rufuriud to on a pruvioiia pagu iia *' Old I)lu " rights" which hu had guinud in ihu Uiimfriua propttrty. Tho Hon. WituiAM DirKaoN wiia a iiativu of Dumfricn, Scotland, whom ho waa Imrii in 1760. In 1702 hu ciimu to Canada and auttlud in NiiHiiim, or Newark, an it was then called, nlicii! he engaged in thu legal imifessiiui, H« was a Loyalist of no inodenilu cast of aentiment, and took a i>art. of pmuiinunco in thu War of 1812. Coiiaidumblu roniaiieo (if auoh it may Iw pronorly called) altachud to liia caruur litn>, on aoouiint of » duel in which no |)srticipatcd with a btuthor borriator nniiied Wuuka, iHitaiiH) of an iniiiuinary alfront giiuii \<\ liiin.lo the hitiir III Court on onu occiuiion Thu inuitini' to,,k iiliiiu on Aniiriiaii tuniloiy pii'VioMH lo Ihu war, mid ri'milti-it fiiliiliy to Wuckn. In Yolinga " Iti'liiinini luin ' ll In alno li'voidid of liilii, III II npirit of iiiliiliiti Iliat, on ihi' 'iilbii'uk of thu .Miukin/.h- Inniii ruction liu I'olli'i'ti'd II colli ingi'lil of Uiyulinln, iind look 11 nlciiiiU'r to Tol'ollli, whi'l'i' lie iM'tlvely iinainliil in ilutiiiling Ihu innillgi llln iil llallown Hill Thin in I'lidinlly a mintiiki', howuvur, an Ihu iiiilu ■! arrival of oiiiaiilu li,H,pn on tliat iKcaa »a» that of n body fiinii Haiiiilloii. comiiiandnl by Col. McNali, who did not iiirivu till thu balllu wan ali'i'iidy n'li- ,'iiidi'd. In IHit) Mr hick piiicliiMud fi Mr I'lurkc, i.iforu lufiri. d to, thu uniii-u bl'u'k niiifrien liaa beun pnblinheil an thiity- eiglit fainilien. embriiciiigoiiu hnndruil and nixly*tlireu |iurnoiin, though an otiicial rutiirn gave the number an jnni one hundred hnn in 1818. Which, if either, in accnnitu we dec iieet dare luinerl. Scciiu, eef tliene, probably the iniijority, were in what in now Soiitli Diiinfrien, but iiiiioiig them wuru thu following naiiiud, bi^twucn (iall and Itratichton of the prununt ; Uomild Fniaur, Tlioman Mclteaii, Williiiiii Miickuii/iu, .loliii Hnchiinaii, llidiurt Carrick, .Xh'xaiider lliirvie, Daniel Mc.Vrtliiir and Uiigald Mc(!iill, who came in from lieiiuncu Co., N.V., iiiid the three lii'st iiiiinud of wlicciii wuru thu tirat tee obtain contractn fier aalu eef any of the Dicknon Inndn. Thu iirogrcnn ccf " Shadu'a Mill, ' an thu villagu waa called during itn inci]iiunt ntiigun, waa of a vury gradual ordur, wtii.-li rumiirk iippliun with uepiid truth to thu I'rovincu at lar^e. It in nail thuic Here .jiinl nixty buildingn, of all deacripticcnn, in the village in llienpring of 1820, inclneling a aaw mill eeii thu nitu mew occupied by tli e (ireat Wenteni H-iilway bridge, the new glint mill alluded tee (culled the Dniiifrien Milln), a dintillury built in 1820, and a blticknmitli nhie|e. The eeiily one ccf itn rcnidunta at that puriccd eef itn caruur wlicc haa been aparud to nuu thu dawn ccf thu pifncnl year wan .Alexander Htichairiii. .\ bridge had buun built whuru thu .Main >Strcet bridge iiccw npiiiin the river, in 1819, and the villagu waa ceeiinidunibly buiiehted by the ccnvuyiincu hcvru ccf uveii the limitud ai iiit of triitKc which that atrnctn'u induced. In the year last named, .Mr Dickaieii uiigiigcd .lolin Telfur (who had been emplicyed by the Hudaon Hay Ccenipany in thu North-Went, but ciacapuel from the ruapueliiblu nlavery in which they held their uiiipleiyeun, ill cicnipany w-itli icnu Michael Knox, who be. -iiie a local celebrity liuru) to go to Scotland iind induce the reiiieeviil hither eef a niimhur of thu hardy ix'niduntn eef that liintoric diiiiu. Mr. Telfier auccueded aic well in hia miaiioii an tec acciire an alniemt excliinivcly Seottinli fciniidatioii for thu tiiwiinhi|i'a nuttloniunt, a feature it ntiil IMiaaenHun to 11 large dugreo. The advancuinunt eef thu village, iiiuantiniu, though not imiH>tnouu, wan dincuniible. Ill 1821 or thereabeeut the tirnt tavurn was cc|ieiieil i by Morgan \i. Heriuoiitn, aii'l twci yearn latur deelin Clark, fainiliarly \ known an " cell! •Icchnny Clark," anauiiicd ita pi*ecprietorahip. This wan : the lint froiiiu building in (oilt, one and a half ntecriua high, and atooil ! (piitu iiuar thu corner of Main and Wiitur Strueta. Scciiie limu later ' Mr. Shade piirchaaed the Duiiifriea Milln eef Mr. Dicknon, in common i with two hundred ncrua of what is nccw the principal iiecrticcn eef the I town (with the exception ot aiich fuw lots an had lieeii already purchaned by otiiera) for thu atiited ceenaideration of £2,500 \ preeminent arrival '■ of thai period waa Mr. Thoiniui Rich, wliec came from liibriiltar in 1 1825, Biiil waa employed fccr aoiiie time in the "Uud Store ' ureetud by I Mr. Shade in the precuiliiig year. He ivturnud to liibraltaraeeon aftur, ! lint in 1827 took up a purinaiiuiit renideiice here, and has aiiice been ' immbered among the moat prominent and uaefnl uitizcna of thu town. Oalt wan nee iniinud, when itn I'oat Olticu waa first ealiibliaheil, by ' Mr. Dickaon, out of coiiipliniunt tec an early friend and achoolieatu i-i I Edinburgh, Mr •bdiii (lalt, father ccf Judge (iaIt, of this I'rovincu, I and Hun. Sir A. T. Ualt. This guiitluiiiau was, fur sumo yoiin aftor ita orgiiin/e.tiieii, the Caiiadiiin .Maiiiiue-r eef the Caiiiidii Coiii'iaiiy, iind, in ceclinc'cliceli with 'iin bllnlllcnn an nil. tl, he jeiiiil ,Mr. Shaeli n mill (Cill ) II vihII ill 1827, when he iiiet by appeeititmeiil a party eef ^'iillemun, in whole c'oiii|eiiny he proceeded tee lay the foiindatiieii of what him niiicit uieewittie be till' It'eyal City of lliielph line of thu pai'lv in cpienticcn »an Di Diinleep, an eiieiiiiii' chaiiictcr wliee Handerciibeii by .Mr Halt ec4 liielcling " a reeving coiiiiiiinnion from the Ciiiiiida Ceeinieany," who neHcn lliereafter neltled in tlicderic h (wliieli town v,iin alnec feeunileil Iind lliliilcelby .Mr. I bill), unci wan nllbnecplentlv eleetecl a eeciiple eef limen lee I'liiliunic'iit for the lliiiecn Dinlricl. Kreem 1827 tec 1836 Mr. Dickneen iiijule' bin ri;nielcnce in Uall, at the end eef which period he left bin iiilercntn here III the i-liiirgu of liii* necn William, in wlieene eettlcce, at the went eiicl ccf the bridge, Kenneth Ueeberlnecn ai'lud aa clurk and agent, in thin capeu'ily he lelitaiiied an apimiently pint iu|iiilati'cii feer nevurity teeward the netlleri* .vheene piiii-hicnen kept them in Diiiknon'n debt, and ri'e!i'iveel the mali'clicticciin of me re than one of thai eliiaa feer hiaallugud Itii-k eef tliu milk eef hniiian kindnenn, when ntrenmef cirrniiintancencom- iH'llecl them tee Holieit I'lelllellcy. Ill a wccrk eef thin w'o|hi It ia iiii|Hinnilile to dwell with niinnte- iicnn iipeeii the viirioiinaiid ever nliifting phiiaeaof aiH'ial and cccinmeirial Idee which prcHcnt lliemnelvcn in the hinteery eef every tccwn ; ace we niiiat content iciirnelvcn with a brief glaiiec at •oiiie of the iiiieat prieini- neiil fualuruH eef \U greewth and de'velcepmunt. It ia i-epceiteil that the tirnt regular |iieiiclier who niininteruci to tJiu apiritnal waiita of thin cieiiiiiinnily wan Kev. William Slowart, who lUTivud abcciit thu wintur of 1831 2. AiiKUig ecllier piemeiir pi'uiiuliem of Ihu villagu and tecwnnhip weru Itcv. Mennrn. Strang, Hiiniia, and lliillionn. The Hrat I'reaby- leriaii ('hiircli in Ualt (St. .* ndrew'n) wen comineiiced in 1833. The )ireviiceia year tliuiH' had beei a reciigh-can. nclicHil hoiMu urvuted at the head eef .Main Street, in which ,liiiiiun Milroy, the tint tuachur, waa niicceuded Icy William .Mct'cdl; but tliu la'at rjiiiululntrud of all ita teachcrn wan Mr. doliii tlowinleeek, u'li.inu acipiiruiuunta, or, at luaat, wliccau luiu'hing, waa cccntinud in I'liuf to thu *' thruo U'a." I bill had iieew arrivud at thu dignity of a villagu, ]ioanenaiiig above two hundred inlialitaiitn, ameeiig wlicciii,ecr included among the arrivals neeon aftur, were Dr. Kobei-t Millur, Waltur llunii, ami .\luxaiiiler Itiirnutt, Thu two lani iiaiiitMl wuru iiiun eef great local promiiieiieu and popularily, whicau activu ceeiinectiini with thu poUliua of that nloriny periled, in behalf of lilceridinin and liberty, ia no well remtein- bered by the ccldur inuiiibura of the comininiity. A groat dinanler liufcl the placi! in the niimiucr of 1834, when that terrific m^onrge, the .\niatic ch'ilera, wan breeiight lee the place by a tnivelling ineiiiigcriu, and within one wuuk from Meeiidtiy, ,luly 28tn, of that yuar, it claimed iicc Icaa tliiiii thirty-three viclima frccni iimeeiig the renideiitn of thu villagu. .\fter recU|Hirating from thin dire cidamity, thu piicgi'unB ccf (lalt waa ever onward toward a prou'' pccaitioii in thu liat eef ('anadian tiewiin. .\becut thu timu of thu Kiiliullion thu attractiiuia lef the place had of late ccciinieleralily iiiereaaeil, and the conatruction of maciidam- i/Acd highwayn to thcc priiici|iiil acirrcciinding poiiita gave it a atill fiirthur advantagu. New arrivala ccf locatuua wuru of fruipiunt, aliiioat daily, eecciirreiice; new aleerea were eatablinhed, new tiieclianics' nlieepn eepeiicd, new heetela, chiircliuH and runiiluncun built, and there wan a decided " 1 111" in the athiirn and prccapucia eef thu plicce after the nnnuttlud ntatu of bnniiienn ineideiit to the Kubullion paaaud away. In 1850 ihu villagu iianinned iiiile)H.'iident miinicipiil uxiatuncu, whuii till! fccllccwing named geiitlumeii weru elected aa meiiiburn of ita pioneer ' Ceeiincil; ,\ndruw leHliott, iMorris (!. Lut/., Sidney Smith, Williiini ' Kergunoii, and *Iolin Diividaon, of wheeiii the hmt niiniud wan aiibnu- i|Uuiitly choaeii Keeve, and Adam Kur waa appointud ('lurk and Truanurur. In 1857 thu tirnt Town (.^cllllcil waa elected, the village having boon : incorpcciiitud a tccwn thu yuar pruvieeiin. Thu partiua coinponing it wure: eloliii McNanghteeii, D. Uaniecru, Win. Hobinnieii, daniea Kay, Samuel liichardnccii, .lolin Young, Tliomaa Arnintrong, Thomas Simr- row, Kd, L. Cutteii, Francin Lowell, llichard lllaiii, Redil. Scott, lleiij. Hicbnoii, and M. C. Lutz, the lattur of whieiii wan ulucted Mayor. The nuceennieeii to thu Mayoralty aiiicu then lian liueii : Win. Uobinaun, 1863: .lohii DaviiUeeii, 1863; M. C. UiU, 1866; Adam Ker, 1868; Win. Itobiiineiii, 1875; Richard Klaiii, 1876; and I). Speirn, 1880. The nitiiatioii ccf tjalt in pleaaant and eligible. Its biiainuns hoiiaen and factoriua lie along a valluy on uitliur aide of (iraiid River, while tliu huighta which Hank the banks of the atroain aru );racuil with niiiiicronn tiiiu and inet a few elegant ruaiduncua. Thu leecation i in picturcsi|uu and attriictivu ; fccr while, from thu liilla ivliich hum in the town, itn ceempact bnainena Htreets, built up priiici|ially with the limcatonu for which thu place ia noted, pruaeiit a busy and ' pleasing picture, a background of ncc leas inturuat and iniicli gruatur liuaiity in feirined Icy tliu opjioaitu rangu of liilla, dcckud at inturvain with luxuriant greevun, or einliullishua by thu skill of thu architect. Thu commurcial inturests of (jalt are largely tuntrud in tliu manu- facture ccf ditturunt cuinmoditiea, among which that of wmid and irun wor':t in tho drama of its existence was the erectiiiii of grist and saw mills where the Ayr Agricultnnil Works now ntaiid, by Abul Mudgu, in 1824. There waa then something of a nettluiiicnt, but tittle devehepiiient thuruabuut, aiiiung the pioneers having been the I/iicu, (Cirkwall, Marlatt, and Diibkina families, all eef wlieiiu have since left the locality. On the death of Mr. Muilge, in 1822, hia son Chapman assiimud control of tho mills, which were later purcliased by Daniel Mauley. The settlement was uuginented about I the time of thu Roliellion by tho iirriva' of tho Wylie, Richniuiid, I Mansoii, and Howell families, and sinin after 1840 commercial life oiiened in the village by the eatabliahinent of stores by Messrs. Baker, HISn^KICAI. SKHTCH OF IIIK COUNTY <)l W AIIKI.OO. Ml I'lju'i', iiimI <r iiiiiiiucn in Inulc In 1848 tlm Ayr AKHciiUiiml \Vili»lit'>ii of iilioiil T"0, niii'li III! iirmv of atoriin im tlu' ai/j' of llir |>lii<'i' ;iiiil nil I'tti'iiHitii iiiml imili' ilt'iiiiiiiilii, Mil' iixrii iiltiiml vtoika ivfi'iriil to, (MII|>loyill;( ultollt 1roiiii ft nihti'H. IIiiukvii.i.k i« I'H'iitiiil iiiiiii' till' iiiirtli'Wi'iil rnniiii' of tin' louniilii|', in tin' niiilnl of u viry liin' fHi'iiiliit( Hirtion. It roiitiiiiii tin' iittnu lioiin nmmllv iin'iilunt to ii riirul villit.i' I'f iilioiil 2i tliiiNtnri'M. iilio|>t«, mcIiooI, i-liim'hi'i iiinl ri'iiilfiirrM wliii'li, with tin' inuvitiililn lioli'l, coiinlitnti' tln' il.iiin of Ilimi'Villii to lit' |iliieuil iin tlio riink nf Wiiti'ilmi Cniinty \illiiKin. NSW HAHBURQ AND WILMOT Tint TowiiHliili of Wiliniil lit > iinnn'iliiitL'ly to tlin wi'Nt of \\'uti'i'loo iiinl miiilliiif WuIU'iili'y, in Witti'iloo County, On iIi.i'uhI it in lioiiliii'il liy North mill Soiitli Kiuitlio|Ki, in I'litli ('iiiinty, iitnl mi tin' Hoiitli liy liliinlniiin iiinl IIKtinlfni'il, ill (Ixfoiil I' ily. Tim 'o|n>^l'll|lhillll fi'iitiin H "f Wilnnit iiiii of ii ui'iii'i'iillv ii't(nlui' uinl Inviting onU'i-, tin' iniinipiil luirt nf tint towiiiilii|i liiiviim jimt Hiilllciriit roll to finililuti' ili'iiiniii^t', thniiKli tiiwiiril tin' Hniitli iind Honlli-t'init iiiorit )iroiionin'i'il iinilnliitioiiM iii-u nlwurvHlilit ; lint itt no portion of itH um'ii in thrri' iiMV nuiir iippriuiitli tn niiiKliiniw. Kor tint viiriitl piir|i'>Hitii of ii'^^ri t'liltnru, Wilinnt litui im miiHTinr unntiiK tint towiiMtiiptt of t'lininln ; its fiivdi'iililit uliiiiiitu, iui furtilii noil, itH iilinoHt iiiii'Xritiitinniililu HiiifiU'u mill nutiniroiiii Ntvumim ruinlitrin^ it otiit of tlm iiniHt iiilvmitiiintotiH lni'ii- tloiiH for tint liimlimnlinim to In- finnnl mi tliu uniiHintnt. Till' m'ttlcniont nf Wilniot IuhkuiI niiiili liuliinil tliiit of not only VVatitrloii, lint iiUn Wnnlwicli mnl OninfriiH, mnl not until 1824 wiw tlntivmiy cmiMiilumlilu inrniiil iipini tint fm-fHtu of tliin toivtiiilii)i itttitrti'il liy tint iixit nf tliunturily pimiuui'. Tlm fonnili>r of tliu timt Wiliimt uiinimnnity wiw CliiiHtiiin NiiH'itiKui', ii Uiitchnimi, who InnI iiiiiiu tn Aniuriai nut liitur tlimi 1820, in Hciircli of a Inoiitimi to pimit ii colony nf Aniliili MuiinniiititH. AfliT vimtiiiK N'ltw Orlumm mnl vicinity, hit tiiivi'llitil nvirlmnl tn runiiHylviiiiiii, winti'u liu fmiinl fnrmi'r fHctinU iiinl i.'n-ri'lii{iniiiiitH, hy whom Im wiiH ilii'iiiituil tn Ciinnilii, whitlit'r thii ntriiiiin of innniurution from tliu (leriimn innntivii nf that xtatt' wan tliitii tinilinU' Nall'/.i^cr iiucnriliii|j[ly i:aiiit' mi tn t^inmla, mnl nimlit an fxplnration of tlm viii'ant InniU wiiMt uf tlm Otitch rmnpmiy'H Tract, iinw I'linipriHin^ tlm Town- Hliip nf Wilniot, anil lluin^ fiivnnilily inipruHHvil tlmritwitli, ivi'iit to tlovuniinuiit lu'iiiliiiiiirti>rH tn int^ntiatn fnr liniiiL'iitL'mlM fnr tlm |iiirty 111' prn)Kiiitt .lattili Ik'i'k, wli' liiid out the lilol in vllUiie Iota, and alarti-d a atori' and mill N'i-iiil,y flu' entire iillaui* i« now repn'afiitiil l>> till' ^Icaal's. Iii^ingatoli a tlax miiIIn iitid ilo)a'lltlilgi'4 Tint four iii'ial aoiiilii'ily > <>ii"Kiioiia of Wilniot, loiiiiiliiling llbak .\, wi'ii' graiii'-il to th ' Caitatl.i l'oiii|Hiiiy iw i-om|NiiaHtion fm • -■-tii aidi'nible urea of aviaiiiphilid iililih wiia iiitlllib'il III llii'lr ..i [.filial grant. Iti.tint'ii tlif tiiat aii'l ai't'ond cnin'i'iMioiia the no callctl lliindiia Itoiiil wai I'lit "III I'V tli>' Canada Coinpaiii ni 1828, aa an aiuniie to tlii'ir lamU in tin lliii.n Tiii< t faiilnr ni'»i . ai:d .il .nu tliia road, till' tirat ai'ilh'ia lii'uaii I'l baali' in 1H,V2, < r till' am,, I'd ing yi'iir. Aniniiu the pioiierra of iliiit ai'ctiou wi-ri' William Mob aoii, William Piiiiilli'otiil'e atel Ktlward Kii'ti'll li'ilwoii Miia an Iriahman, and arri' eil probably in 1851. whin he look up a farma abort ili'^t mil' i-aat from Mayaiille of I,, day, iiliiili li imyid I" Piiihlii'iiiibe in UI53, and, in ■ niioii with Kiiiitti. hKuletl at what la now llayaiillc, on the riial mi of the riicr Km li o|a'in'd ii liotil without di'la> ; at llii' aaiiii' time, uliili' keeping tlioai' iiialilniiona in blaat, Ihi'v pro'i'i'ili'd with tin' . Iiaring of the biiali. ihe diveiaioii of a rliange from the fallow to ttie Imr room 1,,'iim ofi,.|i ai-i'e)ilaMit and not alwava nniiri'tilable, t'oiiaidi'i-ed in a pet'iiniar\ M-iiae In 18,% Ibibi'it lliiya laiin' to thia locality from lli.' \hiiiityof Ingeranll. He waa a niitiif of ilie North of Ii'i'I.iikI, ami a milli'i by triuli'. Ill' mitrried in Ireliind a iiici-e of llie Aiin-rir.in lli'in-ial McLiire, i'ltini' to .Vmerica, and woi'ki'ii ni the niillaof lb»-li,-Ni«'t, N ^ , aollle tiliiit before ri'lnoi ing to Ingel'aoll, where he t'l'lldilt'ti'd a farm and tannery. On arriviii'4 here in NV'ilmol, be piirilniHcl tin- mill aiie at W'liiit has aince U'cniiie Ii tvnvii.i.K, and at nnce erected a aaw mill, nibling gristing facilities the year following, which wna tlic Hral move toward atartingii village, save the eieelinn of tlietwo taiiriia meiitioiiid. Mr •). C. I>aly, of Stratford, siaiii after opeiiial a store lieri'. but haling oilier .itlaira to engage his attention, be soM out that I'litevprinc to Mr. Ila>a Ihr very night nf opening, and that before getting all hia g b nnpaikitl and arrangi'il The Pnat llthie wa* liiri' latablialii'd about 1837, under ita preaeiit name and the Poatmaali'iahip >>i Mr. Ilayea, wli" contimied in biiaineaa here iiiilil 1344, when he aold out, and ruinoM'tl In the Timnaliip of McKillo|t, wlnie he aiil lUinily ilieil. Tn tliu weat of HayavilU', Il ailieat aeiilera arrived from 1852 tn 1834, and among them were Henry I'liddii'ombi', ,lo|in l,aiid, and tlm .Mcllee, Walker, .Malletl, Sloe'kwell, IMiiigwoilli and otlin familiea. Kiiat nf the village aoiiie diataiu'l', and licyoml the \\ iliiiot Piiii'H (as one portion of the roinl waa ealleit), a man iiami-i mikk, and liiiil ennaideralde I'vidiiiie of a village llnie in 1855. .\ reference In our sketch of Iteiliii will ahow them (o haie buell the pioneer merchallts of that place aa well, wllite lli,> opelii-il biiaineaa ill 1825. After uatablialiing Iraile here, they ataitid out in branch eUterprifea, nne of whirh, jdlllded to aliole, waa I'ohdllt'lcd by David, nil the Huron I toad ; while .lohii kept eliai'.'i' "I iIm' Ihimle'e I'oniern. .Siiother of the pioneeia of llii' village waa .Mr. Aleliin, « li" has long been Clerk of Ihe Uiviainii C.iiii |',>r Wilniot I'lie alliilmtea of New Uiindei' nnw include two atori-.^, griat mill, taierii. mi'i-lianiea' ahojia mid woollen mill. I'll the aoiith nf Ilayaville, the plolieela Were ,101111 Staulli'i-, VN'illiam .Anderaon, and his aoua, .lohn, VN'illiam and , lames; John and William ll'.'an, .lohii and Cyriia (ireeii, and olliers, who loriii"! what is lallol the '•'I'trii ,i,ul Itiiii, settlement, which waa huated about 1R56. lb" nriginal pinin-er of that aection was an eccentric indiiitlnid iiiiiihil •lojin Teiinaiit, who always I'vinced a determitialion to ke,-p ahead "I the march of Ihe settler, and on the approach of llic latter, Teniiaiit would pocket Ilia etl'ects and peiii'liale T'lillur into the u Is. In this way he kept aeeking "ipiietiide, ' and llccing from the liaiinls of life until he waa ateadily piiraiied all the wa> ihioii'^li Uilniot, Wellesley, Morningtnn and Kliiia Townships, b\ Hhi.h time he lieuaii to encounter the vaiiunard of aettlera from Ilic townsliipa faillier weal, and hemmed in between the ever coii\i-rgiii'.i strc;inis of civili/atii'ii, III gave up in despair, and einliarked in lioiel ke. ping al .Veniy, mi the Township i>f Klnia. WELLESLEY TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE. Wellesley ia the iiinat nnrtb. westerly tnwnship of Waterh..i County, i extending In Wellingtnn County mi the north, Perth County on the weal, and bordering Wilinnt and Wonlwich on tin- a.iulh and east rea|ieelively. Ita soil ia of a geiiemlly exi-illent .iiialily, ami finely adapted to pnr|H>aes of aglienltill-o ; and ita aillface, thnii'gh a ewhat rolling in certain localities, ia nniiu tim niiich so at ,iiiy p.iiiit. There are swampy areas aa well, though their size is coiiipaialively iiicoii aidemble. Wellesley was the latest aettled of all Mie townsliipa of this county. This was owing, not to itsinferimity, but to I lie fact that ita lamlRcmi- tiniied to be held by (ioverninent, and were not plac.d upon the market until the adjoining townships nf Wilniot and Wo,il«icli were well and alinnat denaely aettled. It would seiiii tli.it the pioiu'ei-s of Wellesley hicated about 1832; at any rate in thai veiir tlieiv wcit a cniiiilenf reaidents on the weat side of the Woolwich'lowiilim-, where tlm village of Ileidelbiirir now is, and tlieiv were none elsewhere in thu towiishi|i. The parties referred to were Meaars. Ilium ami Aiiaelle, the hitter a Freiichniiin. HI settled Lot 11, Con. A, and .\nsell,. Ixit 9, north of thu present highway, where hu kept tavern foi a cnnsideiidile lierhid. A shnrt time thereafter, the line between that jioiiit and St Clements diaplayed signs of civilization in the cabina of several settlers, among whom were the Beisang, Curtis and Kaerster families, who were followed by the Kerteji and Uichiier familiea, all whom were clustered in the vicinity of Heidelbuig. In St. Cloineiita, the pioneer was Ailolphe V'cliittli'r ; hu was followed stain after by .loliii Stioh, who o|Kiiied a tavern where the preat'iit hotel stanila, and in that hostulry was kept the Post I mice. .. pencil within a short time of the location of the pioneer. There had lii-st been a log achonl house and chapel combined, ei-ected in tin vicinily, and on the luUeiit of a missionary he was aaketl t<. suggest a name for the proiaiseil |Miat ottiee, wlieiviijain. like many pious miasioiiariea of the Roman Catholic faith, he auggesto.1 the name of the aaint whose name ia now enshrined in tlw village cognomen.- A stun was o|M'iieil by Bones and (ilyek aUiut forty ycare since, and the aecimd slor.' was eatablished by Herbert Oillia In 1844 Ambrose Start arrived and Imated in the promising village, and from that time forward has exerciscil a leading iiiHtieiice in the shaping of local events. The township was not surveyed till 1848, by whicli time there were several communities of " sijiuitters " already located at ditrerent i».ints. '» Ih'tllgh Ihe n'sl •elllemellt did IH>I itMHIIWIl, , illltll nfli.f |||,. aurv**, when the l.in.l w,ia taken up »ert ■.«rlv.«iiil in an imrnlilili brirf tliml Wi'Uealey took lank niiionu the r»|>iillv ilvieh.plng l,'«i,aiii|,, ,,| i||is region. Tile I I* lllily of HiwH-tiiir. waa •.nil',! 1.1 ih.' Hnwke fsnnlt iil.,iii \\Mt\ Th, brolli,i...( thai nam,', ,l"bii, li.il.i n I, IVmi.iUimI Willi .m, ,, mi* n fl.'ill Kii'.{lalld, a, ioiii)aillU'd l.| thill fat In r, w b" was thin patt prune .,f life Tlm) built a glut mill where the tilkiHe now la aa t. . aa they cam. in, aii4 •..me ti after a saw null waa Imilt \*\ P.-nilsl alHiiii f,.iir mdealiinhir wi..i liabinl o|a'iii,lihe iiral slon iii tin phue a.>.ii alt.r I'll, I,. Iiatl Ihiu a aipinttir nam. .1 H, hweitarr iiilli.. Bile of the I lllilge, lint th.' Hswkea Is'ilght hia jnlili il .md lit rem ■lisl. wliiln the family iiai I conn 1 1,. moiihl thedcaiimea..f the l"< ulilt for many yeara. iml tin ly oii|. of them ii.oi n 111.11111114 m the iillag, of Iheir f linu la William The iillag 1,1 iia.lii'd a niy 1 Aallisl .bglllly a |>.pillall..n ..fal-.iit Xn la llig lie liiiiil .,| i|a im| ..tt.llice m tieil li'a|a.. I III IB-Wi, ..r till' liar follownnj, the iiiiinly ..f l.iHWiiiin w.w «. Itli.l. il« pi.. r« haling I n rhoiiiiia l(aiia,.m ,.n tli.t aiiiitli Weal, ami .I..I111 llrow I lb., iioi-th eaat ci.riiir I. I, , ul i.» the ullage II. .1.111 Cr....ka w.ia til.' Iirai I" I'sale. and .llicia W'lthi of mention III llila .011111 clion n.'le William llwina iii'l Vi'liiiwl I ('abler T.I lli.' m.t ..f l,iiin,»„l, Win II W,.>liiiaii sii.l Vii'lre.i Cllae wcp. a u lli|. tirat tn H'tll.. I'lie i llligc now |HWMaiii.aa |»'pu I'll I f ala.lll 2U0. two atolea, two li'ti la all'l II anal ■ iincolllltallts The a.intli wi'nIi'iIn part of Ihe i..wiialiip imiiil.eii',1 among iia pi..nei-r> William Cbaliii. IS, .n llie M..iiiiii'it.iii town liii.', Cliarb.a lt.,berl»iii and Cliiistiali Kiiieat. TIk' l.'.'dilv "f Clloasllll.l waa aellliil al I iriillm."f ihc low liahln ami i'| , the pioneeia hating been llaii.l in.l William ll.iiiinga The lllaislei family (cniiaiating of Iher and foni s | an.lio.'ige llewili l.aalvd at a leiy early day. Tl.e iillage now lasiaia one 4t..re, iwn laveriii, |ai>t and tel.'glapli ollliea, and a aiiiall ariay ..f m, . ham. a alio|w. IUmhkiiii la a small and mipielendiiig ullage mar tin m'iiiIi centre of lowiiahip, 1 tainiii'j but few inbabitaiit 1 and fewer atiiwlmiia of a coinmeicial order The pioneera of lliia Lialiii wen .Inhii Miwr and the Kioiilscli laiiiilv. who came in ala.iii IH42 Wr.l.l.r.sl.l' Vli.i i.ii: H the ni..Bt conaldelabli' pl.i.e in Ihe ti.wliahip aa ri'gaids coiiimercial aiitl iiulnatiial altractioiia Ita |N,piilaii..n la now almost I'Vclllalvelv lielluan s|S'aklllg. The alte when'oll ill. pl.e e ll.'W alalida was origlllallv I. sated by .lohn Smith, a splatter, who .ame in before the aiirviy.and afieiw aids Imilt the inal saw mill m tli,- tillage He waa here but a short linii when a .Mi. Miller came in and pnr eliaaeil his Mitel eats, s..<.n after wlll.'ll he aolil ;i n umbel ..f lota I., lliei I ill,' .li'iiiaiel of imnasing liK,,l,,.a, and the village was pielly w.'ll miller way eie the siirtey had I long' I'ompI, .ted. Iliher piomara were Chrialian lt.,sliart. Charles llltmaii and .lohn /...gir. the laat named of wli o|sned the tirat at. .re in town, but slll.sc.plelitll re led. TwelltV years s e the l«o sl.nea nhii h the llllaue b.ulatiil well' kept by .lohn S.ier, ami Chrmtiaii .m.l II.. my Hoerhiiig, the lilolhers last named o|s laliiiu ;i grim mill is well Among the pii'senl attribntea of Wellesley are two furniture factoina, knilting fietory, griat and aaiv mills, f dry, three carnage fiktoiies. wooll.n f.ntory. Ihlee atolea. all e.plal nilliilier of liotela, llilie lieniiall Piolialint . Illlrches. and a |io|, illation of about six tiilll'lre.l. Ill the north westeri inr of Well.slet. an Irish seiib it waa early formed The balance .f the wealein survey la |a.'phd iliielly by Kle^lish and .'^coli-h ; \lllislllllell in theaontll east, ami a sellleniellt of llcsnian Lutherans al"lc.> the " K'lfth l.llle.' cnialllille, all III all, 'pule a "Iley, so far as nationality la conccrnei' l.iit tlie .liief nvaliv cMslMlg lielvleell Ihe dllh'le indiistn III. I 'lee. mm. It. la > has III piaisi TOWNSHIP or WOOLWICH. ..rlliV'.ne of i.'ithi This township, almost triaiigiiliir in alia|ii', occupies tin most position among the tnwnahip 'if Walerl'i.. C ity, i.aling with ils bieie ii| W.iterloo Township, and extending iioriliuatd to where il terminates, bet ween colltelging sides, whose bolindallcs meet at the li'irlh. Il is waleie.l by the liiaiid :inil Coiiestog.. Uii . is. w li..a<. le spectite courses Ihrongli the ti.wnshiii, cmsiileied III i|iiiiiiioii with tile nilniei'iils snialler sticaliia, leate little tn be desirul in the way of drainage 01 vvaler siiiiply. Thai p'.rlion ol \io.ilwiih lying east of IJnind Kncr, and ncliiding also the present Township of Pilkingt in W elliii;.|on Cimty. ».ia gralilid lit the Six Nation Indians t" William W.illjee. before Ihe Vanguard of aetlteliiellt extended hither, the . "lislderalloti being il6,3M for 86,078 acres. Wallace was a Niag.ira man at the |a'ii.«l when inimigralion liilher coiiimeii.'eit, and s'llit that portion of the township lying lalueeii llraiid liivcr and l'ilkiiii,'toii t.. a Unlcli com pant', aimilar t.. ti ne which purchased the major part "f Walerhs. Township. The inoiieerof Wisilwich wiiaa sipiallcr iiained Thoiiiaa Smith, the precise date of whiiae iiriival ta niiceiiiiin, though it la believed he came in as early aa 1810, ul he I'.iale.i just east of the (Irani River, near C'lneslogo of the prescni In 1H15 lleorge Khy aettl.-.l mi Iiot 2. west of the liralld Ititer. and just oil the Waterloo l...r.ler He had th.'ii a .piile ninm-roiia fan 11 It "t children, wlii, h 11 11 nil. .1 was hitei considerably ailgnieliled, in-aily til "f whom hate ain.'c li.l.l ptiu-ea .if prnmiiieiice and triisi among then fellow -citizena. .V . ..iipte of years after Kby's arrival llatid Crens came in ami lisik up a farm iri (he aaliie locality, beiil'.^ tollowcl bt Ileiily .Martin and llatnl .Miissi-biian, all of whom aettte'l in the \ii iiiity of wlieie the \ llla^fe of C"liest..go has since appeared. .Mr. .Maitin named wan a s..ii of Peter .Martin, who located on the Walerlim aide of the bonlii , s..iii.vh hat fartlier west, a iitimber of years latfoiv. Samuel I{ei>f .md .lohn liingi-Mili were next to arrive, the fornier (who still Iivea, at the age o.' Vfl} liK.>atiiig l^'t 54, between C.ineatogoaiid St. .la.'ob'a. The tint mill III the townaliip uiia eatablished ;ils>iit 50 years since at CiiM'.sTiHin, liy Havid .Milsaelmali. Charlea Helidiy (still 111 l.llal i..i..,r.ni,a,,r, , , > i.,ivi.i .*! iiaaei iii.io . < iiariea iieieii^ taiiii lieas) tvus the jiioneer melcllallt I'f the same tillage. 'i'he apt of Coneatogo at the presi-iit time indieatea 11 |KipiiIatioii of .lis .....1 .I.....I...... .,,... I -. * ..I I ..a: ppi .irajici . „ , , . . is'iii 300. and displays such an airay of stores, shops ami I'tlicea as iii.iy Is, ex peeled in a bliak riiml tillage of sv.h aiw. The anUhtliielit of St. .I.ai'iih's and vicinity was etieeted diirni'.; lie- tliml dectulu ol the preaeiit e.'ntury. .I"lin K. Ib.wmaii Ih-iim.; the pi..i.i4tr of liie place. He tiMik up a realdence on the eiest of th.' alight hill just north of the river. Then, w.ia iiotlting but a rural aetllemHiit here abiints till 1851, when .bic.l. Sny.ler (ih f Walerlo"i I'oh saw and glial niilla on the Coneatogo. .\ Scot, hmaii miiin'l I'nalmera (since returned to Seoiia) o|K'iied llie tiral ati're aiain liiei the mill was estublisbed. The ai-cnml aloie waa op ed byii. ..r'.je Kby, "f the tliinl generation ; aiida ii.iat ollicei atari..>il near iliat time also. was presided over by Peter Eby aa gaaitmasler. Si. Jacob a reL-i'ivi-.i its name from the .Snydera, father and aoii, who were ttni niiii lilSTORICAI. SKKTCH OV THK CoUNTY OF WATFRI.OO. |irrtiitt< llii* unum nf " Jiwoh," to wliii-h IIim *' Saint " was prutiiwl. Uii tht* vn-h-rit lifath a* thi- yttiintfcr nf thf^w, III till' titrrtliU* t>t>i>|itrflMMMi liiiil^i' itct iili>iit, tlii> iitill wim piinliiimMl tiy Jiiriili Kliy ; wi IliK i'iiiiii'hIi'Im ( t'liimlhtii iiiuiiiii iii iimiiiii timi willi tli(< tirnt iiiililNliiiil i'iiliiuiii'ii « .Inliii Miyi'i iiimI .Inliii Ki'i'Mlir, till' limt llllllll'll nf wliolll lllillil'il (III' ilnlllll I'IIhI |inrti"ll nf (|i<' \lllitMi' lliillli'il, mill lllll lutll'r n! mIiiiIII IicM tin' l IlllilWInll nf I'lmtllllMtlir nil till' MUtlllilmilllll'Ilt nf lli'lili'llilll'K I'niil llllli'l' Kl.MIHA i> till' IIIIMl I Illill'lllllll' villllKI' ill Wnnlwll'll, lllnllKll Hi. .Iiunlia. with It iniiiiiliilinii nf iilmiil 400, ill liy iin iiumii mi iiiniuin Itumtt triMlii I'l'iitri'. Tlu* I'micipul inljiiiirtN nf liiinint'iM mid iint'hil lifi> ill KliiiirA nt pri'iu'iil nri' uiiiit iiiilln, fiiniilnri', I'lirriiiKi'i m"l wnnlliii flU'tnlil'K, llllllll, |illl>lii' M'Tlnnl, l'lll|iliiyill)( livi' IciU'lll'lll, Kiiuliali mill llnriiimi .Mi'tliiHllNl, twn l.iitlii'i'miiiiMl IVi'iliyliiimi rliiiiTliim, ii wirkly |iii|«r (lllll /(ir.>i vii'inity mia Kilwiinl lliialnw, wlinni'liiliil U Ilnlllll jlllt Mnlltll r>f tllll villlH(l> hIhiiiI lifty yi'UI-H liun. Mil Hniill fnllllll II iii'it^lilMir in tli'nrt{ii Hli-i'i'tnr, wlin iii'tlli'i) iti'iir him, iifli't wliii'h ThnllllUI Wlllkl'l' I'HIIIK ill mill Innk ll|l tllu flirill nll tlln llnllll wi'llt inrniT nf tllll |irinri|>Hl I'iuth" nf tlm viltiif^ti. .huticH (Ijinn tnnk iiji Ihii tliirth-liiwt rnl'lllir Mnnll nfllir, unil t'l*l' Inlli^ Knlll'l't t'lillllillK lilirrliuai'il II |ilirl nf diuill' Int mill Innk ll|i ri'liiiltillli« thl'liinll. Ill 1M46 llcnl'Kii (liirliiiK hiriilinl .jiiHl iiiuit nf tllll villiiKii, whiTi' tlm i iiitciv iinw in, ut whii h tiiiiii niily ilinaii nmiu'il hnil autlli'il in tlii' viiinily, init iihiiiit » inihi imrth, -Inhh <)'llrii>li mnl Miirtiii Hiilfiuiniiy hiul hui'ii hiciiti'il Niiii'i' nliniil 1840. Kiliiiiiiiil Tl iia mnl nim (Iriinni'll wirn iilan in nt ii vrry nirly ilutu, unil biifnrii thu iiiHiix nf i'tinn with wliii'h hu uuniliiuliHl It liivrni) in Klinini, hiiviiiK ii|Hiiieil tlm liitliir I'ntiirpi'iaii iilimit 1843, unil tlm atnru Hniim liiiin IiiIit. Thu iK'(t linn tn (i|mii It alnrii Win i'niii|inai'il nf Hainiii'l Wi'iiHT mill l»aiii' Wiii((iii', wlin hit'iitiiil nil tlm aniitli wnat i'iIi'iiit nf tlm villuKn. W'inuur aiili miiniuiilly luft tlm Dnn, mnl Imilt llmalnninii thu anntli I'ltat enrinr. A I'lmt tMIU'u hml Imi'ii n|Mini'il iiinUir thu niiiiii' nf Wiat Wnnlwicli, with Itrintow nn I'natiiiiiHtt'i-, lint nii tlm Wi'itvi'v-WiiiKi'i* Htnrii lit'in^ njititmii, it wita riMiinviiil tn wjiitt liuil iinw biM'nino it innn' ci'iitrul Ini'itlity, mill fmin tliitt I'H'iil iilan nniy Ihn uxlatiiiira nf tlm villuKu Im t il. Mcaani. (Imnl mnl VVinxci' Niil>Hi'i|iiiiiitly plittti'il u Krt'ltt iiiitny Inta, ml till' ilKiiieuiin'iitH Imlil nut tn nmrlnnica, etc., wiTn aiii^li ita tn iittrui'. I'linaiili'I'iililii iiiiiiiliura, nf (hnan rliinai'H, miiniitj thi' lii-at nf whnin woi'ii lliinry mnl llirmn Mitt-tin, wlm i'atjil>lialn.'il it fiirnitiiin fui'tnry iilHiut twenty livu ycmii iiKn,.frniii wliicli timu In thu piuaiiit the |ii'n|{rt'M nf Klinli'it hiM huuii aiitinfiiutniy mnl Mintiininna. Thu aiittluiiiciit nf thu iiiirthiini iiitruini' nf Wnnlwicli wita fnrniuil ut It anniuwhut hit"! ility thun thu vicinity nf Khnim, liut tlm hHMility i'n|iiuiiiiia tn liu fniiinl In thu unnnty, BIOGRAPHICAL 8KKTCHE8. lii'do Khanz, M. I'., nf llnrlin, ia n iiutivu nf Hcaau, hnni in 1834. Ilu vmiiu to Aiimriun with lila fiitlmr'a fuinily in 1H51. Aftur it ruai- (luiii'u nf thruu yiiuni in ItiiHitIn, tiny runnivuil tn Iturliii, mnl npunuil u niuruuntilu uatuhliahniunt iinilur thu linn timim nf C Kiiiii/. iV Snii, which ia atill eurriuil nil liy thu aiilijuct nf this |iurit){i'n|>li. Mr. Krniiii hiia puKHtMl A prutty thniiiiixh Ki'iniutinn nf thu nltioua nf tiiiat inciilunt tn lllll' iiiiinicipul ayatuiii ; U'ltimiinij; ita VilluKv Clui'k nf Hui'lin, mnl nrriviii);, in Huptuniliur, 1878, in tlm nlHco nf M.l". fnrNnrth Wiituilnn, ulucti'il iM tlm C'niiaurvativu citiiiliiluto. In his |iurliuinuntary caiMur hu hua wnn » plitcu mnni);r thu innat naufiil itnd pntcticnl iimnilwi'B nt' tlm llniiau, for thu liuaiimaa nf nhicli hu Intii liuun ivull tittuil bya lurgu nutiiiiil tulunt, unil wiilu rmiKu i^ cninniurciul liiiainuiw. Sami'ki. Mkknkh, M.l"., nf Nuiv Hmnlmr);, witalmrii iiitlmOuiitnn of llunm, Kwitzurliiiiil, in 1823. Hu uiiiixratuil with hia fittlmr'a fuinily tn Cunoilu in 1S37, whuii tlmy auttlud n linah fniiii two niilua wuat of tho vlllnuu, wliiTi' hu imw nalilva, nnil thura lila falhi'r liTml In lhi> u«(<' of HH yi'nn MU'T li-uniina flit- hliw'kaniith'« Ifitilr in I'fi-atnn, mif aiilijui't niiini'il n alin,! Ill Ni'H llainliiirK in 1M44, fmrn thu n|H'rutiniia nf whirli III' I'lnliurkuil in fniinilry mnl iinpluinunt iiiuiifiu'tiirinM Imai nuaa aninu yuma Ulur, itinl thia lirAiH-h nf iniliialry liu aiill curriua nii. liy till' i'«iiii iai< nf It Uiiji' iluKii'i' nf I'liui'Ky unil u {iinKruaaivu apirit utMitu thu uvi'titui', Ilu liita aiiri tli'il in uiiiitaaiiiK it l.ti^u itinl viilintlilu prn|Hy ciillivulu ali.inl 3,000 itcrua nf that plant annually in iliU'cruiil partanf ihui iily. Knr tlm puat auvun yiai-n timau Kunlluinun liavu cmriuil nn Hii\ mnl linauuil nil manu factiiriiiK ut Hiiilun, nf wliii h tillu^u tliuy nwn tlm iiiajnr part. Thu aiilijcctnf niir akutch hita tukun u vury i apiciimia part in public itH'uira itH wull, itiiil iliiiini{ auviirul tcriiia hna pnwiiliil aa Itcuvu nf Wilnmt InJuiic, 1870, Im waa uluituil tn tlm (hitarm Luuialalnru fnr Hniitli WitturliMi, Ita thu cmnliiliitu nf tlm l.iliuial parly, liiicu which tlinu hu Inta hulil tlm Miat in that bnily, iliHcharxiiiK ita ilnliiia with it ilu|jruu nf ability hiiihly cnniplinmiitury tn hiinaulf ami aatiafactory tn hia cnii. atituunta. K. W. It. H.NIIIRB, M.IM'.,nf Ht. .Imnba, ia u anil nf KlilM Hniilur, wlin waa iinioiitf thu uuily rcaiiUiita nf Waturlnn Villoxu, wliuiu tlm aiilijuct nf niir akutch waa Imrn in 1M42 Aftur arriviiiu at uimihniHl hu apuiit a niinibur nf yuara npuiittiiiK the uMuimivu iiiillin)j uatabliah- iiicnl ut (lurinmi Milla, Waturlnn Tnwnahip; lint ithniit tun yuara aincu hu piircliaauil tlm htr|(u iiiilla at Ht. Jucnba, which hu hua cmnluctuil witii aniciaa uvur aincu, in cnnnuctinii with ntliur milla in Now Diiniluu. Mr. Hniilur hiia apuruil aiilliciunt timu ft i buainuaa ulliiira tn bucniim familiar with tlm Icailiiix pnlitical prnbluina, unil tn kuup lilmaulf fully uliruuat nf tllll tiiiiua li> Ilia inrnrmutiiin nn nil public tnpica. Hita tukun a luuiliiiK anil pritcticnl inturuat in tlm vurimin pnliticul utiii|iitiKiia in tlm (Hiiinly, nn thu liilwiiil aiilu nf thu ipicatimi, unil in Junu luat wiia nnminatuil ami ulucluil by that jiarty tn thu auat in thu Onturin !«)){'"■ lutnru runiluruil vacant by tlm i'oai|{nittinii nf Mimua Hpriinjur, thu fnriimr niumbur. Wii.i.iAM Hniiikk, Wuiilon of tlm Ci tv of Waturhm, ia mm nf tlm innat unturpriaint{ mnl iimgruaaivu liiiHiimaH mun nf Waturlnn, thu tnwii of hia pruaunt ruaidciicu ita wull of hia birtli, wliicli uvuiit uvcurruil in 1845. Hu ia ,i ami of Kliua Hniilur. whnau cnnnvutinii with thu iiiilliin< inlcruala nf thia town hatu liuun bufnro ndvurtud to. William ia mm of a family of twdvu chihlrun, uiijhi of whnni wuro aima. Hu luitrimd tlm milliii); tr.du in hia ynuth, and Inta ovur aincu continuuil hia cnunuutinii tlii'niwith, buiii); auninr niuinliur of tlm Krni of Willimii Knidur >V Co., whoau linaiiwaH ia tixtunaivu and aiiccuaafiil. Mr. Hniilur liua liuun for aoniu yuara an activu purtici|iunt in iniiniuipnl alluira, lut a ruaiilt of which hu now holds thu Wurilun- aliipnf tlm enmity ; and in allnthur mutturanf InualorKunural inturuat, hu Inta uvur mudu hia intlimiicu fult in promoting thu maturial, intul- luctmtl or moral atiitiia of thu cnininiinity in which liu residua. TiKWiM Kkiiw llouvo of tlm V'illitge o' Husiwlur, ia a iiativo of Emniosa TowiiaMp VVullington tJoimty, whuru Im waa born in 1H29. His fathur, Aitrioi Kriba, wua also a iiativu of Cuniulu, thoiixli of (iurmiiii uxtractinii. Mr. Kriba, mi arriving at hia iiiiijnrity, ucipiirud tlm trudu of a car|>untur, an 1 fnr a cmiaiduriiblu period uiigaged uxtun- aivuly ill contiiicting und building. Hu ut preacnt cniiiliicta aitw, ahinglu, itiiil pliiliiiig mills in Heapclur, mid nuna ua wull twn linu furiiia in thu vicinity, aggrugaiing 460 acres. Hia uxperieinu ua a miinicipul lugislato > hiu buuii ipiitu uxtuiidud, uiiibraciiig a jiurind nf inumbursliip 111 tlm Waturlnn Tnwnahip t'nunril, diiriiiK a imrtimi nf which Im iniiipii'il fhu llui've a tlinir, and, aincu hia ruinnvnl tn Hua|a>lur, a turiii ill tlm Id'uvuahip nf that ulliiKu. ,Mr. Kriba la n t'linaenatln In iHillli.s, an aclivu and iiiHiiuntial man in iinlilicul emu|>nlKiia, and linlda a liiiili |HHiilinii in the Iik'kI I iclla nf lliat jHtrly. IhTii I'hkmphuh, lleuvu nf Suw Hamburg, udilnr and pmpriutor nf tlm .V.ir Ihimliii,,! ImhiH.i.Unl .In./ (ilii.l./l.l.i l',UM,il, wita lairil ill llrnasunlimii. Naxniiy, in 1833, and at thu agu nf twenty tun yuara •ulth'd in Wullealuy Tnwnahip After tliiui' yuara apeiil in luiu hing lie r> iveil tn New Hambiirg, lUnl pniaiied tlm auinu prnfuaai intil 1863,wliun hu a«'ciiruil llmudilnrinl inaiiagunmnt nf thu jmiriml which hu hut uvur aiiicH cmidiictud and now owns. Kvuii aincu ubanilmiing thu luuchur'a |iruiit na Dupiity lluevu and tliruu ita Ituevu. T. 11. Hnhikk, Deputy Ituovu of Wnturhai Tnwnahip, ia a ann nf Kliaa Hniilur, und brnthur nf K. W. II, Hniilur. M.IM'., und ruckniis itninng his anccatma amiiu nf tlm iiinnuui-s nf thia comity, to whosu ull'orta ila development to ita pruaunt high atutiia ia larguly attribu- tulilu. Hu waa born in Waturliio Villugu in 1850, and thuru hu gruw to mmihoiHl. At thu it||u of ninutuon hu ai