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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 It t I m- fSni?-'°' 1 =!li3 Kong PRICE TWOPENCE. » PJH-^IUA «l A No 2. VS^ Inip£r:al (Jlcfnicc) The Conference at Ottawa. The Colonies and Maritime Defence. ]o, charle:,' street, Berkeley square, LONDON. W. ^- en si an d' CeVJ tal idaj haiTiaS. 13 ^-^"^ ;tt!e«^ J. IfflpGilal Fetation (Defence) Committee, - ♦•» - This Comnmtee arlnpis the foUnwin- Resolutions passed bv th<> Cnr. ference which fovnuld the Imperial Federation li^ueTn ,884 :i Tliat in order to secure the permanent unity of the Empire some form of federation is essential, -'"P'risome That no scheme of Federation should interfere with the existing r,-dns of Local Parlian.ents as regards local affairs '•' 1I)at any scheme of Imperial Federation should combine on an ecputable basis the ^-.sources of the Empire for the n"i tcnance of common mterests, and adcqua ely provide A^ "n or.i;anised uefcnce of common ri-his provjcie lor an the STjJchfiJ^S^^hu.^^^^ ''^'^'' •''■'"^''^^^ ''^ ^hose Resolutions by .eiCj^d^;^^-;^^ '• 'conditio'ns.'''^'" "' '^''"^^^ ^^^'^^ "^^ ^^'^'^^ "-^- f—^t 3. 'Hiat if the self-governing Colonies t.kc their share in the cost sha.e in its administration and control ; and if those Colonies ih.rn;;"'''"^^^"-^'^'^^''^'''- ^^^--^^^ '" ^ common svs em of tietcnce, It IS evident that Federation is nut pra'rtir ble legards mtei change of commerce, means of intercomnnmi cation, monetary standards, etc. iticomnnmi- 4. That, given a common system of Maritime Defence nrm-ulo.i and controlled by a body in which all pa ts of theTn i?^^ so lar as essentials are concerned. 5. That combination for the defence of common inte-- tz Is there Z^rT 7T '''^^"}'^^ in iS84~the one essen , . tX fnt and the test of the practicability of Imperial Fedcratior ' ('. I hat proposals involving participation by them in the c...i u- gencrd maritime security, .viuch has hitherto bee^ J, t(^i without expense, cannot be expected to come in 1 1 > fl instance, from Colonial Governnients ' "' to n,ake to those Colonial (i^^vcnln^^n s^^an iffichf ^^n^/'r^H^r^ nittee, No. 2. 'the (.).,. \ ■■— ipire some e existing ■s. ine on an the niain- ('ide for an lutions by I ken froni League in be drawn lie - -• primary r )■> resell t tlie cost >ortionate ; Colonies ivstem of icticablc, opted as onununi- provided : Empire attained, is there- oint, and ■ <:".->l u: enjoyed the first ittention ecarious ernment :h si \te- id swell on as tu i^'rebv to ox any The Conference at Ottawa. The Colonies and Maritime Defence. -mO*- The Demand of Canada and Australia. A .equest has ^^«^ ;-^^ ^fl^i'S^'^ZZ!l^ of the -1^8°-™'"«/trh revenu ; of the United Kingdom years should be pa.d out of the revenues o ^^^^^^ to subsidise steamers .n connecuon «.th a new ^^^^ eanada and Austraha, »<''^-*;;;„t^Xunited Lgdom should be guaranteed out of *Y!„T estimated at £1,800,000 upon one-third of the -S-"\„Crine cable ipon the Ifrrtle-'lUrot::: irl.- the same countries tele- graphically. Based upon Imperial Obligations. q. nnnn the eround that these undertakings This request is made upon the g ot^i ^^ ^^ are of an Imperial character, -J^^^^^^f^^^^^^^^ Empire, be of interest and importance to the whole of the br Another Imperial Obligation. Maritime Defence. THe Maintenance of tlie Boyal Navy. T tbnt Pamohlet it was shown that the Navy, employed and In that Fampniei u vva u^i^ TTninire is provided and reUed upon for the protection of the whole Empire, pro maintained entirely at the cost of the people of the United Kingdom, though there are 1 1 million people of the same race, mhabiting some of the richest countries of the world, under the same Sovereign, and enjoying the same privileges, who contribute practically nothing to that expenditure.* The Colonies Need to be Asked. It was also pointed out that this inequitable state of affairs is not primarily the fault of the Colonies referred to. l^hey have not been asked to contribute. Until they have been asked to do so m such a manner as to let them feel the full weight of their responsibility in replying, no reproach can justly be levelled a them in this respect. At the First Opportunity. Having regard to the steadily increasing taxation of the people of the United Kingdom for the maintenance of the Navy, and to the population, wealth, and prosperity to which these Colonies have happily attained, and which directly necessitate increased means of Maritime Defence, it is highly important that this question should be raised at the first appropriate opportunity, and that the attitude of the Colonies in reference to it should be authoritatively ascertained. The Ottawa Conference Afforded It. To this end a Memorial was recently signed by a number of Peers and Members of Parliament belonging to both political parties, in which it was urged upon Her Majesty's Govern- ment that the representative of the United Kingdom at that Conference should be instructed to bring these facts before the Conference at Ottawa, and to invite it to declare the wil- lingness of the countries there represented to take an equitable share with the United Kingdom in the cost of the maintenance of the Navy which protects their liberties, their interests, and their commerce in all parts of the world, provided that arrangements are made by which contributing Colonies can also share in the administration of the funds so provided. * United Kingdom spends /'iS, 000,000 ; Colonies (local Xavy) ^200,000. 1 r i 1 f. Imperial or Not Imperial. No opinion is here expressed as to whether the objects, for which a fresh contribution is sought from the funds of the United Kingdom, are of a suflBciently Imperial character to justify Her Majesty'^ Government in admitting the claim which has been made upon the United Kingdom. Paramount Claims of Maritime Defence. But it is desired to emphasise the paramount nature of the claims of Imperial Defence upon the wliole of the Empire by the following comparisons : — 1. The proposed cable will connect only two countries of the Empire, and will not come within 5, coo miles of the United Kingdom, which is called upon to contribute to it. The Royal Navy, to which the Colonies do no^ at present con- tribute, is found upon every Colonial coast, and is called upon to protect every Colonial interest. 2. The steamship lines and the cable are in prospect only. The Royal Navy has been provided and maintained by the United Kingdom, without Colonial aid (until the Australian con- tribution above referred to, in 1892), since its establishment in the days of Henry VHI., and without it the Colonies could not have attained their present prosperity. 3. The steamship lines and the cable are to be private enter- prises, to be worked for profit, and, if any control is to be exercised over them, it must in the nature of things be exercised by the countries to and from which they run. The Royal Navy is administered by Her Majesty's Govern- ment, and its services are even now claimed and utilised by all parts of the Empire. 4. That the need of the services of the proposed cable and steamship lines is, at present, limited, is proved by the admitted fact that they can only pay if heavily subsidised. An efficient system of Maritime Defence is of vital necessity to every British subject in the Empire. 5. Such undertakings as rable and steamship lines have ^■qp [ 4 1 hitherto, in other parts of the Empire, been left to private enterprise, which has not served the Empire badly. The Maritime Defence of the Empire cannot be undertaken on a commercial basis, and it can only be thoroughly efficient if it is paid for, owned, and administered by the whole Empire. A Fortiori. In short, if it be the duty of all citizens of the Empire to contribute to facilities of communication between Canada and Australia, it must be in a far larger degree their duty to contribute to the maintenance of the Navy, upon whose efficiency the safety of the realm chiefly depends. Imperial Expenditure Should be Met by Imperial Funds. The projected cable is merely a subordinate branch of the general question of Imperial Defence, and this question should be dealt with as a whole. It is contended that rather than deal with the matter piecemeal Her Majesty's Government, before acceding to the request of the self-governing Colonies to make a contri- bution to these undertakings on account of their Imperial nature, should seize the occasion for the establishment of a system whereby all self governing countries of the Empire should contribute to a common Imperial Fund for such purposes. Not by Individual Contributions. A regular system of contribution for Imperial purposes thus established would obviate invidious demands for special contributions to their own particular undertakings being made by individual sections of the Empire upon other sections, on the score of the incidental advantages possibly accruing to the latter from such undertakings. Such a system could not fail to create a better understanding between the component parts of the P^mpire, and thus tend to the permanent maintenance of Imperial unity. T by r The Colonies and the Death Duties. — — »o*- The Committee expresses no opinion as to the proposals of the Chancellor of the Exchequer regarding the duty to be paid upon the Estate in the Colonies of a person dying domiciled in the United Kingdom. But its sense of the necessity for a contribution in some form from the Colonies to the maintenance of Maritime Defence If the Empire is to be considered as one, has been clearly placed on record. The Colonies can only be Taxed by Themselves. The Committee does not propose that the Colonies should be taxed by the United Kingdom for the maintenance of the Navy. Such a proposal would conflict with the principles of British liberty. Let the Colonies Know the Facts. The plan advocated by the Committee is that H.M. Govern- ment should place the facts of the case (see No. i) clearly before the people of the Colonies, and invite them voluntarily to take their share m the cost and in the administration of the Navv which defends them. They can judge of their own Interests. The utterances of their statesmen, and of their press, the re- putation of their people for sound common sense and knowledge of their own interests, give ample ground for the belief that the invitation will be welcomed. There is no right to assume that the people of the Colonies desire to avoid the just responsibilities of a united Empire. The Agents-General of the Colonies Suggest this Course. In a memorial to the Chancellor of the Exchequer the Colo- nial Representatives say : :^aMn mmm [ 6 J " If the object of the proposed (Death) duties be to enforce a " contribution from the Colonies for an additional outlay upon th , "Navy, we submit that the Colonial Governments should first " have been invited, in a direct manner, to contribute towards «' that outlay." The Colonial Side of the Question. It has been frequently said that to present Imperial Federation to a Colonist as an arrangement by ^hich ho will have tO pay for Imperial expenditure to which he has not contributed before, is not likely to attract him, and it has therefore been thought wise in some quarters to COVer up this aspect of the question, and to endeavour to coax the Colonist into an Imperial Federation by baiting it with proposals for preferential trade, penny postages and subsidies for means of communication. To Take or to Leave. The Committee has from the first recognised the necessity of stating the case plainly ; and it holds that if Federation (as indicated in the original resolutions of the Imperial Federation League) is not acceptable upon its own merits, then Feder- ation should not be advocated. Not only for the United Kingdom. But the argument in favour of Imperial Federation is by no means one-sided. Federation is not only a means of adjusting an inequality of burden from which the United Kingdom suffers. The Colonies have a -Vital Interest in it. Under the present plan the Colonies rely on being defended by the Navy of the United Kingdom, while they go free of all charge in the matter. Under the plan proposed they would pay their share of its cost. A I 7 I They may be left in the Lurch. Are they not wise to avoid this ? Undoubtedly, if they can count with certainty on being defended when the trouble comes. But this is just what they cannot do. Increasing Demand upon the Navy. Every year entails fresh demands upon the Navy, tending to make it less adequate for the work it has to do, owing to 1. The growth of commerce on the ^eas, especially Colonial commerce independent of the United Kingdom. 2. The rap'd increase in the wealth of the Coloni'^o rendering thenj more liable to attack. 3. The growth of the Navies of other nations. Those who Pay the Piper must call the Tune. It is evident that in stress of war the first call on the Navy must be to defend the United Kingdom, the people of which pay for and control it. It is inevitable t'.iat they should think of themselves first. History shows that in the war of 1779 — 1782, the West Indian Islands— then the most valuable of the British Colonies— were virtually abandoned till the Channel was made safe. Country First, Food Supplies Next : Colonies — P After the safety of the United Kingdom, the services of the Navy would nv ct be imperatively required by those who have paid for it, for the protection of the ocean routes by which their daily food reaches them ; and in time of war these routes would not necessarily lead to the Colonies. ""Who Paid for this NavyP" No other considerations are likely to prevail with people in such a position, who can say, " We alone provided this Navy through all these years of peace ; now that the war has come we mean to use it," [ « ] A Bad Look-out, and how to Improve It. In these circumstances the Colonies may find themselves defenceless, and their commerce at the mercy of the enemy The posmon of the Colonies is therefore one of grea^n: every other c vihsed country has found it necessary to do- name y, to make adequate provision for the defence of their territories and their interests. Alternatives.— I. Independence. This may be done in two ways : first, by independence. .J ; T'"' (0 Costly outlay on Navy, standing Army, and ;/./.n./ of war, and diplomatic representation all over the wi^rld • to Of w^r ?h' ^^^^r^^l ^^^dit; (3) infinitely greater aanger of war through the weakness of individual Colonies, and the tempimg prizes which many of them offer. II. Federation. Secondly, provision may be made by federation for defence Advantages-(i) At an expense infinitesimal as compared o tha which would be incurred by each Colony setting up ^T^Lri''-"'T ^'°"'^— ^ a Share in an establfshed and most efficient system of Naval defence. (2) Everv pen- y contributed would go to increase the Stlcngth of the JMavy without additional administrative expense. (,) The Navv would become the Navy of the Empire in a sense it cannot be while the United Kingdom pays for it and directs it. (4) Fhe Colon.es would have a direct voice in the management of the ZTI'Z ^^^^^ /"'"'' " ^"" consideration of Colonial interests in case of war. //.,f!ft/ '^ *]'' ^"""^ P'-'-^^ous pamphlets may be obtained for distribu- tion at the rate of ^s. per hundred, by application to the Hon Secret Z and Z ': '''' '^ '"^^'' ^"'^''^ ^nfornuuion upon tt t^^ and to receive promises of support on behalf of the Committee. Addrecs~^o, Charles Street, Berkeley S<^uare, London, IV.