IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k A // k ^ Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et biblioflraphiques The to tl The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D n n 0Boun Relie 0: Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restauree et/ou pelliculie Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Caites g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ avec d'autres documents D ight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmees. □ Additional comments;/ Coinmentaires supplementaires: This Item is filmad at the reduction ratio chocked below/ Cc document est filme au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. I.es details de cet •xemplaire qui sont p«ut4tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de f ilmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^ □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurees et/ou pellicultes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages decolorees, tachetees ou piquees □ Pages detached/ Pages detachi^s EShowthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualite inegale de I'impression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue Includes index(es)/ Comprend un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de I'entftte provient: The posi oft film Orij beg the sior oth( first sion or il The shal TINI whi( Map difff enti: begi righ requ metl □ Title page of issue/ Page de titre de la livraison □ Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de la livraison □ Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison 2SX 30X / 12X 16X 20X 24 X 28X 22X The cop/ filmed h( re has been reproducmd thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada The images appsariny here are the best quality possible considering the condition end legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or tho back cover wh&n appropriate. All other original copies are filmeo beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol •^^- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or th3 symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 L'expmplaire film6 fut reproduit grSce d la g6n6T08\t6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Canada Los images suivantes ont dti reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de I'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverturu en papier est imprim^e sont film6s en ccmmen^ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impres.sion ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par le dernldre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole —^ signifie 'A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diftdrents. Lorsque le docurient est trop grand pour dtre reproduit an un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche a droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. I.es diagrammes suivants ilfustrent la mdthode. 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 REMARKS ON LOWER CANADA SURVEYS. AND (^xttutts hm tbt Mmpu' §tptts^ |APP.™X ... ., TO^THE KKPO^r^oK^TKE CO„,„SS:O.KK OK a QUEBEC • PiUNTED BY HUNTEB, ROSE & LEMIKUX. ST. UESULE STREET. 1862. TowNBRips Sri Aberford Pontefract... . Baskatonge . . . Polette and Tu Spanlding .... Tourelle Daaquam Rolette and Pa Garaeau, Casgi Armand . . Mnnn CONTENTS. TewuBBirs StmriTin in Low«« Canada :— Aberford • • t ,T Pontefract o Baskatonge Polette and Turcotte - spanlding ^^ Tourelle , Daaquam Rolette and Panet Garaeau, Casgrain and Lnfontaine j , Armand ,. 15 Mann ,„ •••»•.•.««, «•,, lo g\t WITh This t( Pontiae, nn It is of thirteen mi ship of Abe It iH tr the Kivcr 1 fact of the '. (icB Quiuzc, head with ( the hitter f Mr. P. in the norti " I ha iiiouutaiiiR, the south si township, b there is in Rivieres, th tering large " A fe\ of access, a will comma: tic an excel! will not cos trade have DESCHIFTION or C|e CoteKs|ip ^urbegtb in fotoer Canak, inr 1861, WITH EXTRACTS FROM THE SURVEYORS' REPORTS. TOWNSHIP OF AlJERFOKl). This township is situated on the north banic of the Ottawa Hivcr, in the county of Pontiao, and is the westernmost limit of the surveyed townships in Lower Canada. It is of the dimensions of nine miles perpendicular breadth, on the mean depth ol' thirteen miles, and is bounded ou one side, towards the South-east, by the surveyed tesi. ship of Aberdeen, and on the other side by the projected township of Killaly. It is traversed from its south-eastern corner, on the whole depth of the township, bj the River Du Moine, a stream of considerable magnitude, wLicli derives its name from flic fact of the River being the usual route of the early missionaries to the Grand Lac and Lac des Quiuzc, forming the principal head waters of the Ottawa River, the sources of which head with those of the Du Moine at a distance of upwards of 200 miles, by the euurse of the latter from its mouth in the Ottawa, at the western corner of the township of Aberdeen. Mr. P. L. S. Sinclair laid out and subdivided into farm lots 82,650 acres, chiefly located in the north-west corner of the townsbip, and reports as follows : " I have delineated the natural features of the country on the plan herewith, su(!li a." mountains, swamps, burnt land and the woods ; the best part of the land is situated on the south side of the west branch of the Du Moine, and at the north-west corner of the township, but there is rather better land out of the township around Sucker La lie thiin there is in it. From Sucker Lake. WDstwnrd across Besr River, towards the Deux Rivieres, there are very nice parcels of hard wood, with what lumbermen would call scat- tering large white pine. '' A few settlers would find the lots which 1 have just surveyed there very convenient of access, and when there, very profitable to raise hay and oats for the lumbermen. Hny will command $80.00 a ton, and seventy-five orcisht'" cents a bushel fm' fwits, which would be an excellent speculation for young men to engage in. There is plenty of land that will not cost more than twelve dollars per acre to clear. Men engaged in the lumber trade have now commenced operations on an extensive scale, that must be continued for DE^rRrrxioN or townmiips sirvkyep in lower canaua many yearx, not only in the inimcdintc neighboiliooil of this township, but also n considcr- ttble dJHtance up the river. "This Country, up to the (Irand rhutc, is very w.ll npcncd up with voails. the pnudpnl one of which wa> made hy Mr. William Mi.H'utt, i.f IVialiroke, leading from tlie moutli r)f the Du Moine up the west side of the river. It is u wa-ron «.r eart road for seven miles, and an cxeellent winter road to tlie ( Jrind Chute, where Mr. Mufl'att mnde a farm, the only one nt pre.sent oecupied in the townsliip, /. . . having' a settler on it. Mr. Ryan has a shanty farm in the fnwnship, on which he raiso hay, hut has no one residing,' on 'it. This road made hy Mr Moffatt, if made hy the t;(.v,rnmcii(, would have eost nearly one hun- dred poun(ls per mile ; liesidcs this main road there are others leadin.i,' westward, heyond the township, one lead.s off from the mouth of the Tils du «!rand, or west hraneh. Tlii.s, I consider, will heeome some day at an early period in the history of that country, the site'of a villaKC. There are excellent water privile^'cs not far from this spot ou both the main River and its West hrauch. " There is some valuable white pine in this township. I have no doubt the lar{,'c«r tunber of the Uppi>r Ottawa will come from this place this year, which i.i boin" made fot the trustees of the estate of the late .Air. K-an." TOWNSHIP OF I'ONTKKKACT. The township of Pontefract lies in rear of the township of Mansfield, in the county of Pontiae, ndjoininp, m the east the surveyed township of HuddersfielJ, and of the dimensions of nine miles in breadth, by the mean depth of fourteen miles. It is traversed in its whole extent by the River Coulonpe and its tributary, the main stream discharginf: into the Ottawa River at Fort Coulonge, in tlu' township of Mansfield. The land in this township i.s much broken by hills ami mountains, and is intersected by several lar-^e lakes, in the westerly part thereof esiicciully. Flardwoud seems to be the prevailinf,' feature of the country surveyed up the Conlon-re. The soil is generally a rich loam, but most frequently stony. TOWNSIIIT* OF liASKATONOK. This township, on the Gatineau lliver, of the dimensions of 13i miles in its deepest part, by miles in breadth, is the northernmost surveyed to\>n.ship in the county of Ottawa. It is of irregular figure, and is boumled on the west and northwest by the Gatineau Kiver, which here, although at a distance of 100 miles as the crow flics due north from its mouth, is a broad stream, averaging some 10 chains wide, more or less rapid, but generally navigable for canoes. The lliver Ba.skatonge, whose waters irrigate the lands of this township, and discharge into the (Jatineau about two-and-a-half miles above the River Jean de Terrc, is the outlet of the lake of that name, presentin- a fine sheet of water oi' a quadrilateral figure, averaging elcvcn-and-a-half miles long by two-and-a-half broad. A description of the land around which, and of the arable portion surveyed in the township of IJaskatonge, is contained in Mr. P. L. S Houehcttc's report, a.s follows:— " In reference to the general geographical features of this section of the country, they are good; the soil is composed of alluvial deposits, which cover a considerable extent ot the township, from the fart of the tJatineau River, in high water, backing up info the iJaskatonge Lake, and m its course flooding the flat countries very considerably. The land in many places is high and timbered with hardwood. There is very little white or red pine in tonge, large llamilton.4. strneted by ntcans of ee settlers to h Lake, wher " Thcr through to exceptimis, rugged, wit fains are th Indians' ri!| wonld readi proving its in the town; but they mij the lakes wc fine fish froi ning at the farm, (whiel hundred acr •ettlement, other.>j clay s These c The towushi of Purtneuf St. Maurice ii occupied ant upou that riv The Riv a mile below from north-ea west — and is, settlement. The towi west the town now available rear of the fir together with III ly fine tr vided into rat "Thefrc part adjoining successive stej "Idf r plateau, of the St. Mai DKSCRIPTION UV TriK TOWVsnil'S .SIRVEYED IN LOWCR CANADA. 7 VfJ pine ii. this soction of the (iutinoau; hut ub„v.. nti.l below th<. bmin.luri.w of Htuka- Htnut.Mlb) thoabnv,.firn.s,whi.'h, with v,..yliitb.exf..-i.,ms could bo ...adr a i.ra'ticubie mean, of .ounmnM..ation during the sunm.or. T!.i,. oV itself would be m in urue ut r e tlcH to loou e themse vos nlon,^ this road I also nion,. the borders of u M "ia 1 'e Lake, where there is a line traet of hardwood laud. »«iom^. "Theie is a|Muuiiarify in this township— tV..n. the banks of the r.atiucau River hrou^h to the Maskutonge Lake, the l«„,| is ndiin,, the elevations are ^radu 1 will V^-w u3";T,1. ""'•'""^* '"l"^ "'•' ^'^'"V'""'" '■''^" »♦■'"•-"'''• "••" very mountaiuou. nd ruKged. w tli deep ravines, muking it totally unfit for eultivution. These ran-es of nioun- t«.n. are hose whieh divide the waters of t/.e iJivor^ du Uovre and (Jutinealr. . d il e indans lepn t he true, ,he waters of the Haskaton^o hake flow either way This I N-;.Ud readily be leve, from the faet of the (ia.ineau waters baekin. into the Lak^ tl erehv p o iiig Its poM.ion to be lower; there is no doubt the land about; «reat numbeVuf k ^ Qtlu township w.mld otherwise be fit for eultivation. There are also a number of . swamps, \TJXl. ll^l r7 proper draimiKo ; however, I think that' t la Ukcs would be rather a bencht to settlers than otherwise, for they abound with very fauo hsh from live to twenty-five pouu.Is in weight. The west side of the (jati.ieau boLi f- mng ut the rear post of the township of Kgan, extending .several miles above G mour ' farm (which is au island in the (Jatineau lliver of eonsiderabi,. extent, eontaiuiuc^ several Sr S 'n '1 ""^ '^•^"''.' ^'": '"'^ '' "'' " n'-uveliy nature in some place., iu others clay and yellow loam, making the whole desirable for colonization." TOWNSHIPS OF rOLKTTK AND Tf^RCOTTIi. 'rhe,se contiguous townships are situate on the northerly side of the River St. Maurice The town.ship of Polette lying partly in the county of Champluin and partly in the county of Purtneuf, adjoins on the South-west the Seigniory of Batiscau. and presents on the St, Maurice a frontage of \2\ miles, laid out into Cy> farm lots, several of which arc already occupied and improved, conncctively with the cxtcu.sivc lumbering business curried ou upon that river and its tributaries. The River Wis,seneau or Wo.ssencuu, which discharges into the St. Maurice about hulf a mile below the mouth of Rat River, in the township of Turcottc, traverses this townsliip Irom north-east to south-west-its north branch entering the town.ship from the north- west-and i.s, together with its tributaries, reported as oflbring some fine tracts of land for settlement. The township of Turcottc, .situate iu the County of Portncuf, adjoins on the south west the township of Polette, and presents along its front ou the Saint Maurice CO farm lots now available for settlement. A range of farm lots ou both sides of Rat River, from the rear of the first range to the north-west outline of the town.ship, has been surveyed, which, together with the surveyed ranges back from the St. Maurice, will lay open to settlement ni: .y fine tracts of land eligible for cultivation, .dispersed over 41,042 acres subdi- vided into ranges and lots, as rcturuod into the department by Mr. P. L. S. Wallace : Dart adfoinlnTfl.'''' S' Ar" -'"^ °^ ^''".' i'!^''^' •'''•"•^ '-'^y fi»« tracts of land. That Eli t.L ^^- '^I"""?^<="f^«ts of alluvial deposits of diflFerent ages, arranged in SI cess ve steps varyuig m height from a few feet to about one hundred fee?; the higher or ofiAM'. ""• '*'f sh?w»ng the better soil. Seven of those steps oi- ancient banks ot the St. Maurice can bo distinctly traced in several places. The soil on these places is 8 DESCRIPTION OF THK TOWNHHIPa Sl'RVIIYKD IN boWKR CANADA. Handy, flio upper conlniiiiug urnro vogotublo loutter •liun iho lower. The tiiubor is fir, npruce pine, uapcii, wliite, yulluw uuil black birohu.s, ocJur, tub, uud in tsoino plucuit btut.swoutl Above tho bill nr bunk propisr o( tbo rivi;r, which in iitma plttccH i-i procipitous and rocky, tliu Huil ii K"-'n«'i"'»lly ii jjikhI brown loam, growing black and yellow birches, luuplu, tirs, ce- dar.x, iMli, beech, pine, tamarack, Jkc, 3tc. The country \h Kouorally rolling and not ho hilly an the tuwnHliip of Turciittu. There iire ivo furuiH on tho front of this township »hewn on thi- pluii— urie bilouginj,' to the i"8 on th<( easterly bank of the river Oliaudiere, nt its outlet from lako Megantic, extending in depth, towards the cast, to the Province line, and bounded on one side, towards the north, by tin; townshi*):? of 3Iar]owand Risborough, and on the other side, towards the south, by the township of Ditchfield. The first six ranges of Spauldiug which were laid out into farm lots, present with the surveyed six ranges in Ditchfield, about 70,000 acres of highly favorable lands for actual settlement, — the much larger proportion of which is composed of land well adapted for cultivation, — the soil being in general a rich loam and the surface moderately undulating, hard\',ood timbered lands. The colonization of this township and of the adjoining townships will be materially assisted by the Government road, recommended by Mr. Duchcsnay, is now in progress of being opened from its junction with the Jiambton Road, through the townships of Aylmev and Gayhurst, inter.scctiug the Chaudit're nt this town.ihip; but this desirable object would be considerably promoted were a good road opened on the right bank of the River Chau- diere, from the township of Jersey, in front of the Townships of Marlow, Risborough, Spaulding and Ditchfield, to meet the colonization road projected from the interior in Lingwick to the Arnold River, in the township of Woburn, recently traced and marked under instructions from this office, and where it would meet the proposed line of road traced from the Province line, at the terminus of a road proposed to be openel by the American authorities, in the State of New Hampshire, t6 connect with the Portland and St. Lawrence line of railway, towards the .south, with Quebec by the iMegantic Government Road, — and with Sherbrooke and Montreal by the v.estern and eastern town,ship roads. Mr. P.L.S. Duchesnay, who surveyed the township of Spaulding, reports as follows :— "The land throughout the township of Spaulding is for the most part of good quality of loam, though rather stony in lilaccs, yet on the whole, very well adapted to agricultural purposes, and may be classed as first-rate farming land. The timber is also of superior quality and of average growth, generally mixed, — the principal kinds being birch, maple, spruce, cedar, balsam and some pine. " The whole township is well watered, many of the streams being of considerable size, and affording excellent mill sites and water privileges, amongst which I may mention the Nebnellis and Kokomleis, rnames given by Tndiansl The river Chaudi6re itself is a very rapid stream, at low water being not more than two feet in depth, and of an average width of about two chain.s, although at spring floods it rises to considerable size. " The banks ars in many places rather uneven, while in others good flats of arable laud extend to the water's edge. "I would take the opportunity here of remarking with regard to the settlement of this land, that the construction of a road from Aylmor, through Gayhurst, to the River Chau- di^re, in the vicinity of the discharge of Lake Drolet, would be of material service, and is asked for by the settlers in that neighborhood, who are even now in the act of petitioning for the road " There is at present a rough timber road following the course of the river Chaudi^re, which cresses from Gayhurst into Spaulding about lot 2), and thence continues nloug the river course as far as lake Megantic." This to' Lawrence, tl of Cap Chat lands — excc] Lawrence, ai the projectec under the in The fot greater prop( !-quatters, ai Gasp^ Relief ally of a moi for settlemen been constru " All th arc under ci; river St Am Anne, and tl St. Lawrenct other a saw r "The 11 considerable years very lit been nearly c saw mill, and now all in ru Mr. R03 " The ni made, is, owi three miles f on the plan about twenty fcotly isolatec feet beyond i " The ot is of trjanguli the borders struction of a " The sh small sandy I course of last Cap Chat, wl: these shores i "In the power ; it ret are very high this they gra( - The lai east line of tl; mould very ft DESCRIPTION OF THE TOWNSHIPS SURVEYED IN LOWER CANADA. 11 i follows : — f arable laud TOWNSHIP OF TOURELLJ;. This township, situate in the county of Giwp.?, adjoins on the south-west at the St. Lawrence, the Seigniory of Sto. Anne des Monts, and back of this seigniory, the township of Cap Chatte, to its depth, and on the north-east by the waste and unsurveyed public lands— excepting, however, the front range recently laid out into farm lots, on the St. Lawrence, and along the line of road traced from Ste. Anne des Monts, eastward, through the projected townsliips of Christie and Duchesnay, to Fox River, by Mr. P.L.S. Baillarg<5, under the instructions from the Department of Public Works, and of this Department. The four first ranges <.f the township of Tourelle were laid out into farm lots; the greater proportion of tlie first range thereof being already settled and occupied, partly by squatters, and partly by persons representing the owners of adjudicated claims under the Gasp6 Relief Act, (59 Geo. 3) ; whilst the remaining surveyed ranges, although occasion- ally of a mountainous and broken surface throughout, contain some very favorable lands for settlement, which will be rapidly taken up, so soon as tl; alf Line of road shall have been constructed, as the ample report of Mr. ]'. L. S, Roy renders manifest :— " All the laud in the first range of the seigniory of St. Anuc, and in blocks A. and B. are under cultivation to the mean depth of about sixty chains. In addition to the great river St Anne, there are two important water powers in this tract, the little river St. Anne, and the ' Patate' stream. On tlie little river St. Anne, about 10 chains from the St. Lawrence, are two splendid mills, the property of T. B. Sassevillc ; one a flour, the other a saw mill. The saw, particularly, is of superior construction. " The little river St. Anne was used, for a long period for lumbering purposes, a considerable quantity of deals having been made on its banks ; but for the last four or five years very little wood has been made up in this locality, and this branch of industry has been nearly quite abandoned. On the river Patate are still seen the remains of an old saw mill, and a flour. These establishments, the property of Jean Leboutillier, Esq., arc now all in ruins." Mr. Roy, in speaking of the township of Tourelle, says: — " The name of this township, which is also that of the locality before a survey was made, is, owing to the existence of two rocks, situate on the shore at a distance of about three miles from one another : the first of these rocks, which is also the largest, is shewn on the plan of the township as point la Tourelle ; it is of quadrangular form with abase of about twenty feet diameter and rising to a height of forty or fifty feet j this rork is per- fectly isolated on a rough beach, and sometimes at very high tides the water passes several feet beyond it. " The other of these blocks called the little Tourelle, lies to the north east of the first, 18 of triangular shape, narrowing at a height of thirty feet and forms part of the clifi'on the borders of the river, having the appearance of a chimney standing alone after the de- struction of a building by fire. " The shore opposite the township of Tourelle is generally rocky ; here and there small sandy bays are found which afibrd a safe harbour for barges at high tide. In the course of last summer several of these bays were occupied by fishermen from St. Anne and Cap Chat, who established themselves there for the purpose of fishing for mackerel, which these shores are celebrated for. " In the eastern part of the township is the little river Ca,stor, with a good water power ; it reaches the St. Lawrence by a fall of about 20 feet ; the banks of this stream are very high and difiicult of access on the first four ranges of the township,'but beyond this they gradually disappear. " " The land in the ^as.,ns. I would hero draw the particular attention of cultivators to the iew l,,ts that are still vacant along the liiver Patute, and also in that part of the township irom that stream to the central line of the township. Several lots in the 2nd and 3d ranges are in course of being cultivated fur the goodness of (lie soil, the facility of com munication and the proximity of the village of St. Anne, having all the advantages of a church, post-office, registry office, &e., &c., are such solid advantages and so rardy met with in a new township that a passing notice of them will be sufficient to show all their importance. , "'''' '' The north-east part of the township, extending from the centre line to the easterly ateral line, presents to the eye a diffi-rent aspect; if we consider the height of the cliffs and judging ot the interior by thediffieulties encountered near .he sea coast! we must b led to suppose that this locality .s dost ned to remain long in a state of nature. It il true h J on he ots of the first range, to the depth of 20 or ;}U chain.s, the land could only be macio available for persons who intend to devote themselves exclusively to fishing, but when ths distance is passed, the country changes its appearance and all obstacles disappear. He e and there, it is true incquahties of the surface, caused by the course of streaSis, and hi Jh chffs are met with, but no cliffs or hills such as are seen in the first range. I mu"? how- ever make an exception as regards the hollow formed by the Castor stream; which at the St. Lawrence as well as in the interior, to about the middle of the 5th range, present' obstacles which, in my opinion, would not be surmounted without great difficulty Colon ^.tion would progress but slowly if the people were left to their own resource" but the road which the government IS about constructing from St. Anne to Fox Kiver, will not fiiMo foTnf r-""' "^""^•*'"* ^'^''\ '°"«' ^^ ■^'^"" ''' ^''-'^ '^« '" »-»y othepkes along he coast of baspe, an uninterrupted succession of good settlements. ^ "I did not find in the interior of the township of Tourelle a continuance of level hnd such a. exists in the interior of the townships of cLrbourg and Dalibalr wSch I trav se^^ in 1 009 : but this laud, though not so easy of access nor ,so capable of cultivation doTs not appear to me to be less valuable towards the middle of the township. At a di.slancT^f about 7 miles from the St. J awreuce, there is a lake, which 1 have jud-^ed to beSt fiftv ^r! in superfices^ These data are only approximate, as I saw tlJe lake only at a dfi^nce • Z^""- ^ T Z^'i" "'f ?""^' '\ ^^P**^ «^ '^' ^'^'« l'"*^ I« the middle of th ake there s a small island A hunter whom I have met since, tells me tliat this lake called !n^lS' f ;;' ''''/"'^ l^"* V ^'""^ T^ ' ^''^' '^'■'^ °f' »^^"t there. In ac ng the b ck outline of the township, I noted besides several streams the intor.o^f ,7n iV ♦ rivers ; the smallest of these which is in the middle oftlie thii-d i e, mea'u e 85 links b breadth, and runs through level land from north to south, measuring^oned ain andti'^ inks in breadth; the other river is found at the beginning of the seventh mi e in d is s^d to be a branch of the great river St. Anne; its coui^e is from west to Sst and m.l' ,, way through the Chickchack mountains. At about a mile toX north of the reaHn his river appears to run through level land, after which the hills thLugh whLh It .ns z;::s:t^i^::;n^'£''''^ ^ '' ''- ^'-^ °^^^« ^"^™'^- wVthe rei r "The predominant kinds of timber are the pine, white birch, birch.spruce and cedar- ne rhborA' T^^ T""''^'^ '^ '"'?'^- '^^' •^"'y '""P'^ ^«°d worth m nS „ ', it „ the' neighborhood of the base line on the north-east side of the little Patate We there found three or four huts for sugar making in the sprin<'. The cedar bntw« nm^ * t"ood' f n '".?" •'' ^"°! 'r "'"'^ «f-p-- 'qu"riity.' ThTn'sf rxt s : ?'thre"T; woods follow the course of the river St. Anne and the strcim V-^ut^ W^l i quantity of pine stumps in this part of the townshV' xt d? g from he I^ te to th'c?!" St. Anne, but I cannot recollect having seen one of these trees standing. The soil is mostly yellow loam and sandy mould ; along the course of lliver bt. Anne clayey land is found, aa well as yellow loam, but not to course extent any the little wherever M80BIWIOK or THE TOWNSHT. HURVEVED IN LOWEE CANADA. 13 are morl°r^;r':tteu\io7Vaf tt^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^^ ^a^^^^^JP^ tl^'-'' ^^ -^--^-n, few TOWxNSIIIP OF DAAQUAM. BollJh "' '""""f •' u '''?'' '" "'^ ""^"'^ "^'^^ "PP" S' J^'^'^'^ "-«r, in the county of Bel echasse, and .bounded on the south-east by that river, where it Lms part of the uthern l,..t. of the Province under the Ashburton treaty, and on the north-west by h aTd :r7' " ''f ^"^'l"'*'"' - «- -<^'''- the north.east,by the township of Panet and on the other, on the north west by the recently surveyed township of Langevin T IS the southernmost of the townships traversed by the projected line of road diverging a nght angles from the Taehd Roud, in the township of Mailloux, which, when carried out as ong,nally contemplated, will serve to open up a vast field for colonization. Mr P L S Casgrain gives a favorable report of the soil and timber of this section of country in his report of survey of the arable part of the township •- TOWNSHIPS OF ROLETIE AND PANET. "h r; ";: r"," '^ ""° '°"°"'''' "'■"--""■taJ. ".i«l. « 'raveled by the Wwe. .he eo.Ue. . M..:.,., .d 'B^Slr^Z^ C^irZ! t south-west limit of the township of Talon. ' 14 DESCRIPTION OF THE TOWNSHIPS SURVEYED IN LOWER CANADA. it-iv'^' A passable road intersects these townships, called " le Chemiu des Anglais," which was opened by the British and American surveying parties engaged on the survey of the boundary line, under the treaty of Washington, for the express purpose of transporting by it the provisions purchased in the old parishes on the St. Lawrence, and ha^ been used since for lumbering purposes, and might, ^vith certain improvements, be made available for the use of the first settlers of these townsliips, until this section of the country becomes more developed through settlement The report of Mr. P. L. S. T6tu conveys a favorable idea of the general fitness of the land for cultivation : — '' What first strikes th. observer in these town.ships is the good quality of the land which IS everywhere so prev., .nt; vast plains extend beyond the limits of sight, interrupted only by rocks here and there, serving as a relief to their immense extent. ^ "The River Daaquani, which traverses the township Panet through its whole breadth waters the two most fertile of its ranges. On approaching the frontfer, the laJid becomo<: of middling quality, owing to the presence cf swamps, which, though of no great extent ai-oprettynumerous; still when colonization shall have .oached this far in the coun v means will easily be found to drain them, and make them as productive as the best parfj of the township ; for as tho sub-soil of these swamps is composed of clay, covered with a thick coating of vegetable matter, it will not fail to become extremely fertile as soon as th wb ohflnw ■''^n!,- 'V'"'^'""-, ^'^•^J^^"'- r'"^'^ very much facilitated by the stream " In general, the soil of these two townships is mixed with sand and gravel though much okyey land is to be found anc' fit for cultivation. Yellow mould aTso existsaFso fdStrd'foJSiiSn^"* '" ''-''''' ^"^"^'^^-' ^"^'""^'^ °^ ^-^ 'i-^^^y- -^ ^"^i^> "The timber is generally as fine as may be expected to be found on land of such fertility and which requires but a little labor to make it cultivable, for the ti nber is all^o?::!rnrqS; ^^^P--'-K^-^— pie, balsam, pine,' cedar, and bth: " I «!», fi^ijy convinced that as soon as the sub-division of this township is terminated ettlers will be ound to go into it in groat numbers. There is already a go^oLhaSty road leading to it: it is commonly known by the name of the Englishmen's Road^ itisquite iood enough for the car age of provisions during the summer. It traverses a par of Rdette and cuts the province ine a little to the e.st of the north east line of the Lwnship of Panot Ihey made use of it during the time that the shanty season lasted; but since the lumber business ceased in these parts, the road has been but little travelled, and latterly has been altogether disused. A very small outlay would put it in good condition. It would onh" require to raise he trees which have fallen upon it, and to straighten it a little, though general it is straight enough. Very little money would make it one of the fines cobniza tion roads, and one of the most travelled. This part of the county is much like the land ol' the townships on the west and east, and at least as good TOWNSHIPS OF GARNEAU, CASGRAIN Ax\I) LAFOxNTATNE. The two former townships are situate on the south- wt-st and the latter on the north] east side of the Elgin Road range, in the county of L'Islet. The residues of unsurveyed lauds in the above named townships were laid out intol farm lots for the purpose of extending the field of settlement, in consequence of the rapid disposal of the lands laid out along both side., of the Elgin Road, taken chiefiy by the hard J yeomanry from the old settled parishes in the seigniories bordering on the St. Lawrence J 1)1 whilst the oj Lafontaine, a of this sectio fescript " The fi^ twenty-two tl generally lf-v£ the township Deacripti " The fiv acres, are in covered with i is traversed in kind might ea De.scriptii " There a years ago, whii liave of procuri in helping thei they can mow many of which or three years ; enabling them be impossible U , " On looki tied in the parif already for man leaving from da- which has certai hunters, for som swamps and roc by a strip of lam precisely 'such as of any road to g( where the line o: latter pretending charging into th''( pionne, and mor in question." "Rut now tl nope that they wi honest indepeudc elsewhere to meet This townshi] all that part of the ence of the Depar M'orth, to the rear 1 The line of th "Wl.. ... opening „f .fc, .p„„,, „ , ^. ^ "" '" '■"''^' """- » Fontaine, .„ «^ ^V^"- The line of the TaeJl, 7 ^ Temiscouai,. and 3Iadawa«ka. ae line ot the Tach6 Koad, as now traced, traverses dm^^naii *i, u, traverses, diagonally, the western quarter <:' 16 .«o.,™» 0. „, ,„„„„„„ ,„^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^__ ^^__^^ ship of D«„ a„a ,12. ,r ° ""°"«'' "■'' '°™'"P i* *« "-n is au extensive table land ocZ T ^''''^''''^' ^^^ St. John. This tract .long It, with the advantage of proximitj t„ ,!» g,. l.,„,enM Description of the above mentioned land, by Mr. P. L. 8 Doncet - pl.ce:Ser^.tltTe trf^;1„7S"^^^^^^^ '' P"-. but there are •he nver Of the Littie .„,. th'e, arValt a,TlTenTtS.Sr/ro;\'e:S ::,?^^^^ TOWNSHIP OP MAm. retnrL'; 'rlZTaUtiltrf '1'° "'".r™"" '° *' ™"°'^°' »°--'"-. " .djudieated Und i"u.rortb nX Tl ' 'f '"' »' 0«^-P»'»'-K«"Se "^ 'he Miemae Indians of Ristisonohe h i/h /T.' " , "" °' "" '""" "'«'"'' f" "■« bred and the township f Noillle d f "* ""■ "" ''' "■« ^^'S'-i'-'J "' Shool. eharalte t^Unrif fl!";.:" d" '"' """'■'" '" «"' '■»'"' "' "« '-.bU Seotia and Prince EdwardT, l at T '"""T''' """'""^ "" ^'^''^'•' f""" "ova The re^rt of Mr E H L d '" "'" "*°''°' °' *'' "^"""P' -rvejed, a, f,„ows:!!- ''^ '■''°'"'" «»"ve„ a satisfaetory deseription of the oountrj tivti'^n^that Taf .Ikrn''np'b7d."trwS;t« ""' ''?=■ ¥ " K""-! ""J -o «« for eul. largo number of active yonng men who dTd „!, "".'"""{'"S i'- I was accompanied by » the. lot. b. Who aein/outXt t£^ - r^^^^^^^^^ Ikno7nojt't^::S:2X^^^^ Ite.te„ds he east of my line, comes fr^m the north amiTt is n„.h'"''-f K^"^ ^* '° 1'^ "'lain^ to land appeared fo me then to extend. ' ''^"*''*' '^'^ «'''•' *^at this level and good ^^^r\^:^^^ 50m River d« Loup to the "'I'^l *^«/"«t. I fell in with it on the north naSJ?.^ already mentioned extended to- rif 'i^-^ ">^y judge rrom appearances I belifve iw. ' •^^l'' ""'^t ^°^ «° ^'^t*^' beyond by the River Escuminac. ' *^^^'''''® '* terminates only at the valley formed of th': f v^J'dX'ifoft S'zs; ^.^X'^tr' "" '- °f "■« ™"s« -' ^^Sr^^^ Ojf j -^e. w^.h i Wh,h p , „, ,„ rasgc, iTucro II lakes its rise. ' ' " ^ -^ ^"* iaronned, to the fourth DBaORimOIf OF THE TOWNSHIPS SURVETED IN tOWIR CANADA. 17 "I proceeded to the post, between the fourth and fifth ranges, on the ranee eut nf River du Loup and prolonged this line to its junction with the wc t line of the ?ow"hb of Nouvelle The soil which I met with along this lino is still finer than that of th5 " The prevailing timber is the same as that lower down, that is to sav birch »n,1 .)nnl\tT^^ any Of the ranges of theso township, is made ea.sier by the shantv roads along the difiereut streams, which extend as far as the Rivpr P^nnminoo „ j • ^ • stance, to the head of the above named creeks nJuthlT '^"'"?™'"*''' ^^^ >» one in- the land being the same everywhere ' '^''' '"^ ^'^''■''°"*' '" ^^'^ '"'"'ds, ^irsr^:;jtir'^-3^--:h:SS^^ interior, and I do not doubt that in the adjacen^ranl^ iTwiil annear sfife"" •"T'^' '^' might be put m operation throughout its length ^"'ume oi water, and mills range of mountains extended from the soTh e J' towiri" tVoZlTT'^ '^^\ * on the north, and leave a very larse extent of t^rmm^ fSt *•„., • *^ j? ""*' "^'''^ ascuminac «de, towards the south-west.'' ^ ^* ^"^ iinraediate settlement on thii Mr. P. L. S. Duval's Report on the Anse k Gilles Road Survey • Road, it is well adaptedT c Jit va ion th^ Sit ""f ". *' P'"^'?^'^ "P *« *^« Taeh« where very rich. On the rear nes of the Ih « / °°^' r.*^.^??^^" *« ^e every- large and Le maple grov;T: wEicV'hfv: bt" trbt^eSeTaVfu Jar e^^^^ fc-f * SllVs^XrTd-o^rotlSiS'totJlaT^^^^^^^^^^ - J^ :ver;;Lgl'^Ltvo"r Ihave as yet passed through.nt*S7;vt;nis;^^^^^^^^ .ppreciatX"-l?d'oftulLtro wodd sTV"? ^"^°' ?^^ ^""'^ -* ^^'» *° ^^^ and would derive fronUhem conJerabTe nrofi? A ^'*''*"°g,*^«'« ^^th zeal and ardor, opened for a sufficient disLncrit rceriif th«; rl' • T "' -^ .^''^ ^^"" ^"^^ ^''^ of Patton. ' ^''' *''"'^ colonization will advance in the township oonsidSrhifl "S^" TVe're\r h°o?e:ir '^ ^"^ «^,^^^---t, for there is no DO means unpleasant. From the summrtnfri'-T" «.'°"^ acclivities, which are by with Pleasure the va«t cn^^^r "T^AA '^ '''^^' en,.nences, the eve contemn W. ments* of admiration forth;' Auth^^of 'so manv"f T'^'^'^'r^^^ ^Y"" ^^^ «« with senti- «a heavy. There arAome 0^^^:^^:::^:^. l^^^r^^^^^ **•%> 18 DESCRIPTION OP THE TOWNSHIPS SURVEYED IN LOWER CANADA. Report of Mr. Surveyor Francis Te»u, on the survey of the lands on the Arago Road : " In those parts of the townships of Lessard and Beaubien, which I have surveyed there are many tracks of stony soil to be met with, but this will not be an obstacle to the settlement of nearly the whole of these lots, the soil of which is, in general, well adapted for colonization. The prevailing kinds of timber in tliesc two tow'iisiiip,=! are cedar, fir white birch, alder and balsam : there is little pine of largo size in the immediate neiph' borhood of the road line, but a proof of the existence of timber for building purposes in the township of Lessard is, thit in the month of November last a shanty road was established for the cutting of saw-lo.us which are transported to tiie;Bras d'Apic. All the Arago tract IS fit for cultivation ; the kinds of timber found there are balsam, white birch, black birch and, m still greater quantities, maple. In effect, in the last named township alone the number of sugaries worked during the last winter was more than sixty. " The Arago road-line is already of great utility as a snow-shoe road for those who are making sugar in these townships." Report on the exploratory survey for a line of road from Gasp6 Basin to Port Daniel, in the district ofGasp6, by Mr. P. L. S. Blaiklock; " Although my explanations have failed to attain the object contemplated in my in- Btructions, namely to open up the country for '^ttlcment in rear of the surveyed lands in this port of the country, yet a good line ibr a road could be traced which, passing through the back ranges of the townships of York, Douglas, 3Ial Buy and Percd, would reach the seaboard near the seigniory of Grand liiver and' would open up an extensive and valuable track of unoccupied Crown land for settlement. This route would shorten the distance to the Bay dcs Chaleurs by about thirteen miles, and would be from thirty-two to thirty-three miles ill length ; it would at the same time avoid the danger and frequent delays caused by crossing the Barachoisof Walbay and Douglastown, where, after a heavy storm the sea breaks with gieat violence over the bars cf the mouths of these rivers, and the ice runn- ing in the spring causes frequent delays in the transit of the mails -ind passengers. " Besides this line, many other shorter branch roads could be opened with advantage, and would greatly facilitate the settlement in this part of the country. For instance a road opened up the River St. John to connect with the village of Douglastown, would open two ranges nearly all across the township of York, of excellent land for settlement, also by con- tinuing the road up the Barachoi of Mai Bay and thence along the river, would greatly facilitate the settlement of the fine rich track of laud bordering this stream. The York and Dartmouth rivers could likewise be opened up in like manner, in the valleys of both of which rivers considerable tracts of valuable land, well adapted to agriculture, exist. In fact if ever the interior lands are settled, it will be by the progressive settlements of these streams. "In closing this report I cannot but remark the rapid improvement that has taken place in the agricultural fiursuits in this country within the few years I have been obser- vant of It, as well in the increasing quantities both of cereals as well as root crops that are now raised, as also in the improved system of cultivation " The granting of patents and opening of the Crown Lands for sale, has likewise given an increased impetus to agriculture, inasmuch as the occupants have already, or are about to obtain titles for the property they occupy, and be secured in their possessions, which, for years heretofore they have not been. It will also enable persons wishing to invest capital in landed property in the country to do so with far greater security than heretofore." Exploratory surveys for a road from La Tuque, on the St. Maurice to Lake St. John, Piguenay, by Mr. P. L. S. Blaiklock :— " J ^u """"^''y 'y'°S between cho River St. Maurice and the Lake St. John is an elevated, broken and rocky trough, in which numerous of their tributaries take their rise; the surface is broken up into wave-like mountains, not generally of high elevation, but precipitous, without connection or regularity. There are few regular ranges of hills or ex- tensive vallies, and the whole is clothed with a dense but stunted growth of mixed timber, consisting, chiefly of black and gray spruce, fir and white birch, together with a very few hose who are its of these DKSCHIPTrON or THB TOWNflHIPS flURVETKD IN tOWIR CANADA. 10 •eattered birch, poplar, tamarack and maple. The soil nf ♦»,;. „..* • • •pproaching, in son'c instances, to a light bam, buVof such a sZv S" '' T''!^ ""''' » to afford but slight hopes of its ever'being bought u^SeJ cdUvaUon '""'^ '^'"'''" gran..cormatio„.andinnoinstaneedidlobservea'r^^^^^^^^^^^ ' 1 here arf! no extensive groves of pine in this onnnfr^ u„t -j . , scattered over the hills, bordering the rFvers and akTSU «o°«'derable quantities Bostonais and Croche; much of this timberTs sound and .no^^^^^^ '^' ^''^"^ °^ ^^^ were faulty, from wina shakes and S S and ^^^^^^^^ squared timber. If the information iW ved can iotZT '"'''^t.'" ^'"' '"'^ '°g« ^^an country of the St. Maurice lies to tSe west of Iharriver "P°°' '^' ^""'' P'°° ^^"'"S " The idea that there existed a laree and erfpnciim t,«iu„ ,. , ~ with Lake St. John was quite a mistaken one Se fact is il ?f '^^J^'<^ij^S the St. Maurice ranges of hills dividing t^e several streaL Thes/hnu '1- ?:V'°'^^t«'J ^"t^r shed with tion near the main streams, graduallvTminish towaS,' t^^''^ ^^^^ V?"'^"''^'^ '^'"'' rising gently to the dividi^g^ridge aL ^"'c^'::n,^^t:Vt.^^^^^^^^^ and tl'Set^SZu';;^^^^^^^^^^^^ lfj"f between the River St. Maurice and mountainous character of^the laSd and tt aWd Ltn -f^^'"^ V'''*/'"^" *^° ^'°^'" be entertained of its ever being made available 7orn^lZ 5' '7^' ^"* '''°'^" '^''P" "an of comparatively good land we?e met whh in mvpS ?• 't f """^^ation j-many spota isolated in posiuL^hat they co^ld^^ot'e'm^dTa ^Fa^^^^^^^^^ pcct for any connected or continuous settlement would be, iS rSv oSnfon J^r^'^.P""; the River Creche, where the alluvial alonir the hnnt«\f *>,.** ^ "^PP'"?' *>y *ne valley of for such a purpose. ^ ^""'^ "^ *^** '*'"^*" offer the only advantage By an inspection of the accompanying plan, it will be seen tb«/»,. . , .• followed nearly along the dividing ridge, between the waW«nff^ n ^ exploring line nais, and consequently passed over the S elpv^fl^ a^-"" ^i"""^^ "°^ ^^^ ^^^sto- therefore offer consideryedi-fficuTty to the co^^^^^^^^^^ the range j it would of the ground in the vicinity: but I should think bvf.n-'' ™'*^' {'"" *^^ ''^•^^«" "^^ure to near the height of lands, a^dtLnce either «^H<^--^^^^^ "^ -' valley of the Croche which was explored by Mr Arcand L w^pt^„? ^ '°^ *}' ''^"^^ do not know, n^ot having ^^en tL^tporru^^^^^^^^^^^ - otherwise i but I have every realon^o Llieve it woufd L fln!l°^ Ouiatchouan lake j by the line surveyed. ''""'^ '^ ^""""^ ""^'^ ^° character to that traversed betw:e?tr3met ^n^Th^e 1t*tS?L7ttf of TP' \'''''^' ^^^^^ opinion that for at least some years to coT^it will not'be made avEle.'^"""^' ' '"^ °' Department of Crown Lands, Quebec, Slst December, 18CL JOSEPH BOUCHETTE, J>ep. Sur. Gen. ^