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BAYS, HARBOURS, ROADSTEADS, ISLANDS, ROCKS, SHOALS, SANDS, &c. • COMPILED FROM THE MOST RECENT AUTHORITIES, By Wm BLACHFORD, Hydrographer. LONDON : PUBLISHED BY R & W. BLACHFORD, CHARTSELLERS TO THE ADMIRALTY AND HONOURABLE EAST INDIA COMPANY, NAVIGATION WAREHOUSE, Up, MINORIES. 1. \'i}>l) '^»-. \; > ^»«5"'' m^.^^- TRAPP AMB SBAmS, PKINtBRS, II, BODOB ROW, tONDON. r ' '';* SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND, AND COAST OF LABRADOR. NOTE.— TUB BEARINGS AND COUB8ES ARE ALL BY COMPASS, AND THE SOUNDINGS ARE THOSE TAKEN AT LOW WATEU. TUB VARIATION AT ST. JOHN'S IS ABOUT 96° W. : IN BONAVISTji BAY AND NOTRE DAME 29° TO 3(f : IN PLACENTIA BAY 21°; AND AT GAPERAY it^o t023°. SECT. L— EAST COAST OF NEWFOUNDLifND. \ GENERAL REMARKS. Vessels bound to St. John*s, Newfoundland, should endeavour to keep in about the parallel of about 46" N. and having reached the outer edge of the Great Bank, and having obtained soundings in the meridian of 48° 30' or 49° W. should stt-er N. Westward foT Cafie Spear, in latitude 47° 30' 53'' N. longitude 53° 3d' 27" W. Between the Cape and St. John's are three bays ; the hrst, called Cape Ba}', lies between tlie Cape and Black Head ; the second, Deadraau's Bay, between the Head and Small Point; and the third, Freshwater, between Small Point and Fort Amherst. Further particulars re- specting St. John's, will be fopnd in a subsequent page. Vessels bound to the Gulf of St. Lawrence should also endeavour to strike soundings on the Great Bunk of Newfoundland, in the latitude of 460 and between the longitude of 490 and 5i°: a N.W. by W. course will carry them clear of St. Peter's Island, and dirt-ctly to the North Cape of the Uland of Breton, making due allowance for the strong current which commonly sets S. by W. and S.S.VV. 3 and 4 mileft an hour. In general a strong current sets in from the eastward along the western coast of Newfoundland, which, affer passing Cafie Pine, runs more towards St. Mary's pud Placentia Buys : this current will I i I *■..■?:•'!-/.■■■■ 4 SAILING DIKECTIONS FOK he Mt ut Uu8t 20 ieiigues to the S.W. of Cupe Pine, and hccoiiiL-M more rapid U8 you approach the coust, its velocity btiiig much iii- creuftcd uh the wind may favour its direction, though ut all limt>8 suf- licicntly strong ^o endanger the safety of « vessel approaching from the south or west in foggy weather, tnat may be ignorant of the cir- cumstance. The danger arit ing from this current will be avoided by a constant use of the lead ; do not approach Cape Race to the east- ward in less than 35 fathoms, the ground being more of an inclined plane on the west than on the east coast, that depth will be found at u considerable distance, the ground being more broken, and the depth will increase so (ast in your course from Cape St. Mary to avoid Cape Race, that you will find yourself when to the eastward of it in 50 fathoms, an^ will shortly after drop into 60 or 70 fathoms, where you may pursue whatever course you may think proper. The winds being variable, there is little doubt but they produce many changes in the currents ; shifts of wind to the southward of the island being so common that it often happens that, after blowing a gale from one point, it suddenly shifts to the opposite, continuing to blow with the same violence. One vessel may thus be lying.to in a heavy gale, while another 30 leagues distant might be in a similar situation with the wind in quite an opposite direction, a circum- stance that has been known to happen. The Island of Newfoundland is, for the most part, a hilly and rugged country ; its general features are unequal, but for the most part high and woody, while the interior rises up in lofty grandeur, and gives birth to numerous lakes and rivers: the hills are covered with snow nearly five months in the year, and the shores are subject to heavy fogs, accompanied by snow and sleet, the surrounding sky lieing usually darkened and overcast. The whole circuit of the island is indented with inlets and bays, many of which are extensive, commodious, and well sheltered, where vessels ride in perfect security ; into these bays and harbours numerous rivulets continually run, which, besides the fine purity of their water, afford abundance of trout and other fish. Most of the harbours have complete anchorages, with clear and good channels into them, so that they can be navigated ut all times without the assistunce of a pilot ; they are frequently situated sq near to one another, that in many places they form a suc- cession of harbours, but are not all inhabited. The principal towns belonging to the English are St. John, situated on the eastern side of the island, and Placentia on the southern side, both possessing excel- lent harbours ; the interior of the country is but little explored, and so overgrown with pines, firs, and birch, that, except where the inha- bitants have made roads, it is almost impassable. The eastern and southern parts of Newfoundland, from Cape St. John, in latitude ■500 7/ N. to Cape Ray, which latter may be considered to be the south western extremity of the island, properly belongs exclusively to England, while the western coast, from Cape Ray northward round Quirpon Island to Cape St. John, were ceded to l^iance in 1713, and acknowledged and confirmed by treaty in 1814. The French, there^ fore, posse^s the right of fishing and drying their nets on the shores of Newfoundlund wirthin the abova limits, and they alsa may fiKh in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, but not within the distance of 3 leagues from uny of the coasts belonging to Gftat-firituin. The small islands uf X THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 5 St. I'ierre and Miquelon were tilsn given up to the French, on condi- tion thut no fortiticution tihuU he erected there, nor more than 50 8uldiertt kept up in the eMtublishment. It WU8 agreed in 1818, that the vessels lielonging to the United Statt^s Nhould have, in common with theBrititth Hubjects, the privileee of catching lash on the Houthern coast, between Cape Ray and the Hameu Islands, and on the western and northern coasts, from Cape Ray to the Quirpon Islands ; also on the shores of the Magdalen Islands, and on the coasts, bays hafbours, and creeks of Labradore, from Mount Joli through the Straits of Belle Isle, and thence north- ward, indefinitely along the coast as heretofore, but without prejudice to the exclusive rights of the Hudson's Bay Company. And they also have the liberty to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays, harbours, and creeks, of the southern parts of Newfoundland and Labrador, but to long only as they shall remain unsettled. BANKS OF NEWFOUNDLAND.— To the eastward, as well as to the southward of the Island of Newfoundland, are several exten- sive sand banks, abounding with fish of various kinds ; in sounding, the bottom is commonly covered with great quantities of shells, and frequented by shoals of small fish, most of which serve as food for the cod ; and these thrive so amazingly, and are so inconceivably numer- ous, that although many hundreds of vessels have been annually supplied with them for more than two centuries, yet such a prodigious couHumption has not apparently diminished their numbers. The fishery is not confined only to the banks, but extends, in equal lux- uriance, to the shores and harbours of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Breton Island. The fish commonly are most abundant where the bottom is sandy, and the depth about SO fathoms ; where the bottom is of mud they are observed to be less numerous. In winter they appear to retire to the deep water, but in February, March, and April, they come again on the banks, and fatten rapidly. The Great Bank of Newfoundland is to the eastward of the island, and extends from about the latitude of 42<> North to 50** or upwards, but recent observations seem to prove that its southern extent does not exceed the parallel of 42" 5U' N. ; its form, like those of the other bunks, is irregular, and not easily ascertained or defined ; but about the latitude of 45", its breadth, inclui :a'«;- the Jaquet and Whale Banks, is nearly 4 degrees; to the northward and southward it narrows almost to a point, and seems intensibly to drop into fathom- less water. The Jaquet and Whale Banks may be considered parts of the Great Bank, being only divided from it by channels of some- what deeper water. The Jaquet lies, to the eastward, and has 55 fathoms upon it ; its edge is very steep ; between it and the edge of tiie Great Bank are ll<2, 120, and l60 fathoms. On entering upon the Great Bank, soundings rise from 60 to 30, 37, 44, 45, and 60 fathoms; towards the Whale Banks, 55 and 60 fathoms; between the Grtat Bank and the Whale Bank are 72, 75, and 80 fathoms ; and upon the Whale Bank, 50, 45, 55, and 60 fathoms, from which you again drop into 100 and -200 fathoms, no ground. On the western side of the Great Bank, and to the southward of the Island of New- foundland and Nova Scotia, a chain of bunks extend almost 2 degrees from the land , these are called the Green Bank, Banquereau, Sable IsluiK^ Bunk, &c. ; all these have soundings over them of various * 'it I *. I SAILING DIRECTIONS FOIt lieptliH, Iroin so to 70 fiithomM, udmirubly situuted, in dark we.ithvr, to wurii the muriiier of his approach toward* the land. The Outer False Bank^ or Fiemiih Cav, lies two degrees to the eastward of the edge of the Great Bunk, in latitude 46° 50^, and lon- gitude 450 ; its length is supposed to be about 90 miles, and breadth 50 miles; on it are from 100 to 158 fathoms; between it and the eastern edge of the Great Bunk is much dee|H-r water, the bottom being very fine sand and ouze, which will hardly stick to the lead ; as you enter upon the Great Bank you will have fine whitish sand, speckled black. Shouldyou make the bank in this latitude, between 46° and 47**, you must be very careful toavoid being drifted upon the Cape Race, or Virgin Rocks. These rocks were surveyed by Cu|)- tain Bishop, of H.M. brig Mimley, and Mr. Rose, Master, R.N. commanding the cutter Inspector, both of whom, after a second attempt in which they were successful, returned to St. John's in July, 1829* The bank on which the shoal is situated extends E. by N. and W. by S. 4^ miles, its broadest part 2| miles ; the soundings are regular from 28 to 30 fathoms, deepening suddenly on the outer edge to 39 and 42 fathoms. The rocks are in latitude 46" S6' »3" N., longitude 50" 56^ 35'^ W., extending in an irregular chain S.W. by W. and N.E. by £. 800 yards, varying from 200 to 300 in breadth. The least depth of water is on a white rock in 4^ fathoms, with 5 to 6^ fathoms all around it, the bottom distinctly visible ; towards the extre- mities of the shoal are several detached rocks of from 7 to 9 fatlioros, with deep water between, and a current setting over them W.8.W. I mile an hour, with a confused heavy swell. The Banks of Newfoundland are frequently enveloped in most horrid fogs, which, from the middle of Spring to December, have been known to last 8 and 10 days successively ; at such times they are often so thick that you will not be able to see any object at 10 fathoms distance ; a con- tinual drizzling rain is dropping from your sails and rigging, a general calm prevails, and sometimes attended with a considerable swell of the sea, so that you are constuntly in fear of running foul of some vessels, or being drifted by the currents upon some danger, which, from a total inability of discovering, you will have great difficulty to avoid. The currents which surround the island are frequently so violent and so irregular, sometimes driving towards the shore and sometimes towards the sea, that the greatest caution will always be found neces- sary, while the known current coming from the northern regions sweeps along the shores of Labradore, and, in the spring, detaches immense ice-bergs, which float to the southward, and become exceed- ingly dangerous, especially in foggy weather ; some of these masses will frequently be grounded in 40 and 50 fathoms water, and others will be met with further out to seaward, at the distaiice of 125 or 130 leagues from the land ; fortunately tliese formidable objects may generally be discovered, even in dark weather, by a white and bright appearance of the sky above them, and also by the roar of the waters breaking against them, they also muy be apprehended by the intense coldness they ditfuse to a great distance around them; they continue and are usually met with as late as June, July, and August. Your approach towards the banks may be known by the numerous sea fowU which will attend you, as roches, malimauks, and divers ; tiiese latter are seldom found more tliuu 30 leagues off the banks, but malimauks an vi in \ THR ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. f and others are occiisionally »«eii nil ucroib the Atlantic, hut iii tht* vicinity of the bunks they be<;ome numerous. The i^reat fiuhery begins in May, and continues j the latter end of September. i CAPE RACE TO CAPE ST. FRANCIS. . Capb Race is the south-east point of Newfoundland, lying in latitude 46" 4(y N., and longitude 53<> 3' W.: it ts tablt) land of moderate height. From Cape Race to Cape Ballard, the course is N. by E. distant 8 miles : nearly 1 mile to the southward of Cape Ballard, lies a high black head, called Chain Cove Head; between the points is a cove; and to the westward of Chain Cove Head, lies Chain Cove, before which lies a black rock above water. New Bank. — E.S.E. from Cape Race, and to the southward of Cape Ballard, lies a fishing bank, called New Bank, about 5 miles long, and nearly 3 miles broad ; on it is from 17 to 35 fathoms water. RENOWES.— From Cape Ballard to Renowes Hocks, the course is N.E. ^ N. distance f of a league. The§e rocks are small, of a mode, rate height, and lie 1 mile from the main land, and are bold.to. The Harbour of Renowes is distant 3^ miles ; it is but a small place, and has not above 15 or 16 feet at low water : the harbour is indifferent, having several rocks in the entrance, and the south east winds heave in a very great sea ; to sail into it you must keep the north shore on board. Fermouse Harbour lies about 3f miles from Renowes: between these harbours lies Bear** Cove, off of which lies a sunken rock, about a cable's length from the shore. Fermouse is an exceeding good harbour, there being no danger in sailing into it. The entrance is not more than a cable's length wide : just within the entrance, on the north shore, is a small cove, in which a fishery is carried on ; but no safe place for anchoring. About one quarter of a mile farther in, on the same side, lies another cove, called Admiral's Cove. In this cove the merchants* ships generally ride in 7 or 8 fathoms water, land locked. About 1 mile farther up the harbour is a cove, called Vice Admiral's Cove. On the south side is the best anchorage for large ships, in 13 or 15 fathoms water, muddy ground: here you will be handy for wooding and watering. Fartlier up, on the same side, lies a cove, called Sheep's Head Cove* Directly off this cove, near the middle of the passage, up the harbour, lies a shoal, on which is only 9 feet water ; this is the only danger in this harbour. Bald Head lies N.E. by £. nearly I mile from Fermouse Harbour, and from Bald Head to Black Head, the course is N. by £. 1 mile. Aqua Fort Harbour. — From Black Head to the entrance into the harbour of Aqua Fort, the course is N. by W. 1 mile nearly ; in the entrance is a nigh rock above water. The passage into the har- bour is to the northward of this rock, in which you have 15 fathoms water. This harbour lies in west about 3 miles ; at about 2^ miles from the entrance it is very narrow, where you have 4 fathoms water ; but just within the narrows, on the north shore, is a small cove^ in which you will have 7 fathoms water : this is a good place for vessela to heave down, the shore being steep. To sail up through the narrows, take care to give the stony beach on the north shore, without the nar- ^ r t • SAILING DIKF.CTIONS FOK row*, n liirth, it linng ii itlioal alon^ tlmt bcuch, except at the point of the nurrowg, which ih tioUi-to. Feuryland Harbour. — Fcrrvlaiul Head lies E. ^ S. diHttiiit 9 milt>s Froni A(|uu Fort, uiul N. E. | E. dintuiit 3^ iiiileH iVoni Fer- iiiouite. Ferrvland Head it moderately hij^h, having two hi^h rockM above water, lying clove oft' the head, called the llare'it Eaiii. TImh head is not easily distinguished, by reason of the main land within it being much higher. Tneentrance into Ferryland Harbour lies to the northward of Ferryland Head, between it and ImIu Kois, and \h little more than half a cable's length wide; but after you are within Ible Bois, it is better than a quarter of a mile wide, and tolerable good anchorage in 8 or 10 fathoms water ; but the north-east winds heave in a very great sea over the low rocks that run from Isle Bois to the main. From Isle Bois to Goose Island, the course is N. E. by N. ^ N. distant half a mile ; and from Goose Island to Stone Island, the course is N. 50 W. distance half a mile. CAPLIN BAY, runs in N.W. by N. 9^ miles from Goose Island : it is tolerably good, having a safe passage into it on either side of Goose Island. To the northward of Goose Island, between it and Stone Islands, there is not the least danger, the island being bold-to. If you pass to the southward of Goose Island, between it and Isle Bois, be sure to keep the point of Ferryland Head open to the east- ward of Isle Bois, in order to avoid a sunken rock, on which is only 9 fathoms water, and lies nearly midway between Goose Island and Cold East Point; after you are within this rock, there is not the least danger in sailing up the bay. The best anchorage is abreast of a cove on the larboard hand, about half a mile within Scogin's Head, in 16 or 17 fathoms water. From the Hare's Ears, off Ferryland Head, to Cape Brotle, the course is N. by E. f E. 3f miles. This cape is high table land, and makes in a saddle, either from the northward or southward. From the north part of the cape, E.S.E. three qaartersof a mile, lies a small rock, called Old Harry, on which is only 3 fathoms water; but between it and the main is upwards of SO fathoms water. About three-quartei*? oCa mile to the N.E. of the north part of Cape Broyle lies a ledge of rocks, called Horse Rocks, on which you have from 7 to 14 fathoms water: in bad weather the sea breaks very high on these rocks. The mark for these rocks is a white house on Ferryland Downs open with Stone Islands, and the head of Cape Broyle Harbour open will carry you on them. CAPE BROYLE HARBOUR.— From the north part of Cape Broyle to the south part of Brigus Head, the course is N.W. by N. distance I i mile. These points form the entrance into Cape Broyle Harbour, which runs 3 i miles up. About li mile withui the en- trance u 1 the north shore is a cove, called Admiral's Cove, in which you may anchor in about 1 3 fathoms water, good ground; but here you will ky open to the south east. The best anchorage is above the Narrows, tn about 7 fathoms water: the only danger in sailing up the harbour is a ledge, called Saturday's Ledge, and lies about a cable and a half's length without the Narrows on the north shore: if you are coming in from the northward, keep the Saddle on Brigus Head open with the point of Admiral's Cove, it will carry you clear oft' this THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. L* jwiiit of I. diHttiiit iVoiii Fer- ij^h nukH lb. TIh« williiri it lien to the id IH litllt* ithiii Ible ible Kood iidti heuve oitt to the ^ N. J N. the c'ourtte Be Island : it wde of sen it and g bold-to. I and Isle [> the east- ich is only stand and it the least it of n cove >ad, in 16 >YLE, the land, and d. From es a small ater ; but . About pe Broyle ire from 7 I these erryland Harbour of Cape \ by N. Broy le the en- lin which I but here iibove the Ig up the It a cable ;: if you IS Head Ir off this IhUk**. After you are above the Narrows, you mtiy anchor in about 7 fMthomH water, good ground ; here you wilt lie very handy for wood- ing and watering. Briuus by South ii a small harbour, only fit for boats, and lies close to the northward of Urigus He»id. Cape Neddick lies 4^ miles front Cupe Broyle, and 7^ miles from the liure*s Earsotf Ferry land. This cape is table land, of a moderate height, and steep towards the sea. From Cape Neddick to fialine Head, the course is N.E. distance ih mile. Baline Cove is al>out one quarter of a mile to the northward of Baline Head; this is but h small cove, fit only for boats. From Cape Neddick to the outer point of Great Island, the course is E.N.E. 4 N. distance 24 miles. This island is about half a mile in length, and of a moderate height. From Baline Head to Spear Isle, the course is N.N.E. ^ E. distance I mile. Nearly within this island a fiHhery is carried on, but no safe anchorage, the bottom being rocky. Toad's Cove is about 1 mile to the northward of Spear Isle, and is only fit for boats. About H mile from Spear Isle, lies the south point of Momable's Bay, called Tinker's Point ; from this point to the north point of the suid bay, being the south point of Witless Bay, the course is N.E. by £. dis- tance Ii mile. Momable's Bay is an open bay, about 1 mile deep. Green Island is a small round island, about three quarters of a mile, from the south point of Witless Bay. From this point lies >i ledge of rocks, about one-third of the distance over to Green Island. The south point of Gull Island lies about three quarters of a mile to the northward of Green Island, and is about I mile long, and a quarter of a mile broad, and is pretty high laud. Witless Bay runs in about 2 miles from Gull Island : in it is a moderate depth of water, good ground, but open to the sea. About halfway up, on the north shore, lies a ledge of rocks ; part of these rocks show above water at about half tide. BAY OF BULLS. — One mile and a quarter to the northward of Gull Island, lies the south point of the entrance into the B^ of Bulls; from this point to the north point of the said bay, called Bull Head, the course is E.N.E. | E. distance I mile. The best anchorage in this bay for large vessels, is about half a mile from the iiead, in about 14 fathoms water ; but small vessels may anchor higher up, and moof to the north shore, and will then lie land locked. The only dangers in this harbour are a small rock off Bread and Cheese Point, but is not above 20 yards off, and a rock, on which is 9 feet water, lying off Maeotty Cove, about half a cable's length off shore. From Bull's Head to the south point of Petty Harbour, the course is N.E. distance Sj; miles ; from this point runs a ledge of rocks for about a quarter of a mile. Petty Haubour. — From the south point of Petty Harbour to the north point, the distance is 24 miles. Between those points lies Petty Harbour Buy, which runs in about 2 miles ; at the bottom is a small cove, where a fishery is carried on. Cape Spear. — From the north point of Petty Harbour to Cape Speur, the course is N.E. distance 2^ miles. This point is rather low and ragged, and may be known by the land to the northward trending away to the N.W. ST. JOHN'S HARBOUR.— This is the capital of the island, B *•* 10 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR being the seat of Government ; and although its entrance is narrow, its harbonr is excellent, and jt8 situution readily known, both by the Blockhouse built on Signal Hill, at the north side, and Fort Amherst, on its south head, or pomt of entrance. The channel, from point to point, is only 360 fathoms wide; but it gets wider just within the |>oints than between them, decreasing again as you approach the Chain Rock, fur, from the latter to the Pancake Rock, the distance is only 95 fathoms ; these are rocks both being, above water and steep to : Chain is the northern rock, and Pancake Rock lies on the south side of the channel. In approaching the harbour of St. John's with a large ship, care must be taken to avoid the Vestal Rock, which lies about 50 fathoniis off the southern, or Fort Amherst Point; over this rock are 25 feet water: the murks for it are Fort William, or the Old Garrison, just open of the south head ; and the outer Wash Ball Rock, open to the eastward of the Cuckold's Head : these latter rocks lie close to the northern point of the harbour, and are iilways above water, being steep to, and therefore not dangerous. The course in is N.W. by W. the shores continuing bold until you get near to the Pancake, then give the south side a small berth, continue the same course, or rather more inclined to the westward, keeping Foil Amherst Flagstaff open to the northward of Frederick's Battery Flagstaff; you will, by these mean!', avoid the Prosser, a rock on the larboard side, running off the end of another rock, formed like a saddle, with 18 feet water in the holinw, and only 5 feet on its outside ; yet it is steep-to, having not less than 5 fathoms close to it; so soon as you are within, and have parsed the Prosser Rocks, you may steer up as you please, both shores being clear of dangers, and anchor in from 4 to 10 fathoms water, on a bottom of mud, and lying quite land locked. The winds from the S.W. to the southward, as far as N.E. by E. blow in, all other directions of the wind either baffle or blow out of the Narrows; with the latter winds you must warp in, for the convenience of doing which rings are fixed in the rockt on each side : the anchor, age within the Narrows has from 10 to \6 fathoms, and a little before you enter the Narrows there are 20 fathoms. The tides rise 6, 7» and 8 teet, but very irregular, being much in- fluenced by the winds ; and the variation is about two points west. A "Stranger to the coast should be careful not to mistake Kitty Vitty, a small place, fit only for boats, lying about 1 mile to the northward of St. John's, for St. John's itself; at a distance it has the appearance of a good harbour ; he will therefore observe, that at Kitty Vitty's south side is a round hill, shaped like a haycock, standing upon Cuckold's Head ; while St. John's Harbour may be distinguished by Fort Amherst, which appears white, and by the flagsti^ves on the hill, over the north point of entrance ; these will sufficiently denote the right entrance. About 1 mile from Cuckold's Point, is a small point or projection of the land; and 2 miles further is Sugar Loaf Point, tapering up- ward, and much resembling a sugar loaf. One league further is Red Head, between Sugar Loaf Point and which is Logy Bay. TORBAY.->Oue mile and a half from Red Head, is the south point of Torbay, which is somewhat lower than the others. From this point to Green Cove, the customary place where vessels anchor, the THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 11 course is VV.N.W. about 2 miles, where you may ride in 14 and 12 futlioins, but it is much exposed to seaward. This bay is large, being, full a league in extent ; from off its northern point is a flat rock, where the sea breaks ; a heavy swell sets from the eastward into the bay, so that it is not a good place to lie in. From Flat Kock Point, which is low dark land, the coast runs north- erly to lied Head, a distance of 2 miles ; and from thence to Black Head, N. by E. 2 miles more ; the latter bearing north, distant 6| miles from Torbay South Point. CAPE ST. FRANCIS — From Black Flead to Cape St. Francis, the course is N.N.W. distant 1 leugue. Cape St. Francis has a white appearance, and is itself low, but above it the land rises hieh. A little south of the cape is Shoe Cove, a place used in bad weather for splitting and siilting their fish. Off the cove there is good fishing, and with northerly, westerly, and southerly winds, you will lie safe within the rove.. About 1^ mile to the eastward of Cape St. Francis, in a triangular )>osition, lie some sunken rocks, called the Brandys, on which the sea generally breaks : there is a channel between them and the cape, but too dangerous to be made use of, while the rocks add to the safety of Shoe Cove. Another small cove, to the northward of the cape, may be used with the wind off shore. ^.-v^* . ., ■ , . ., CONCEPTION BAY. From Cape St. Francis, the southern point of Conception Bay, to Bacalieu Island, the northern boundary of the entrance, the course and distance is N.N.E. IK miles; this bay is very extensive, Irunning to the south-westward, and contains many smaller bays and inlets, of which we proceed to give a more minute description. Bacalieu Island is high land, and is 3| miles in length from north to south, about 1^ broad, and lies about the latter. distance from the main: nearly mid- way between its south point and Split Point lies u small rock, on which are 6 fathoms water, and on which the sea breaks very high in blowing weather, but the water is deep around it. BELLE ISLE.— Four leagues S.W. by W. from Cape St. Francis is Belle Isle, which is 5^ miles in length, and about 9 miles wide; this island is lofty, its eastern side is near 3 miles off the main, and there m on this side a beach, to the southward of which is good an- chorage in 30 fathoms, sandy ground : a league further, near tne south part of the island, is also tolerable anchorage in from 15 to 30 fathoms. At the south end of the island is a small cove, called Lance Cnve, where tishing vessels sometimes resort to, and find good shelter for 5 or 6 vessels. One mile from the south part of the island lies a rock, over which is 2i fathoms water. Two miles S. by W. from Lunce Cove, lies a small low island, called Little Belle Isle, W.S.W.of which, distant If mile, is Kelly's Island, of middling height, and about three quarters of a mile in length. From Cape St. Francis to Bay Verde Flead, the course is N. by E. nearly 6 leagues. This is high and round, and is easily known by the island Bacalieu, and Split Point withi!i the island on the main : these thrte heads show very bluff, and very like one another when seen from the southward. 12 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR BAY VERDE, where the ships lie, is about half a mile to the westward of the head ; the entrance is not above a cable's length across, and the ships lie in 5 fathoms water about half a cable's length from the head of the bay, with one anchor out a-stern, and the other cable fast on shore a-head ; there is room only for 7 or 8 ships to lie, even in this manner ; and it is a dangerous place with south-westerly winds, which blow right into it« From fiay Verde Head to Flambro Head is W.S.W. ^ W. about 4| miles : this head is black and steep, but there is no place of shelter near it except with off-shore winds. About 2 leagues higher up the bay is a small cove, called Island Cove. From the south point of Bacalieu Island to Northern Bay, is W.S.W. 5^ leagues ; it lies entirely open to the S.E. winds, and there is no safe anchorage in it. „ o., Green, or Western Bat, lies S.W. 1 W. 4^ leagues from Bay Verde, and N.W. 13 miles from Cape St. Francis. In the entrance of this bay is very good anchorage in 15 or 16 fathoms water, taking care not to go too far into the bay, lest the wind should come to the east- ward, as it lies entirely open to the sea. From Green Bay Point to Broad Cove Head, the distance is about 3i miles : off Broad Cove and along shore about 1 mile to the north* ward, is anchorage in 10 to 15 fathoms water. Salmon Cove Head is about 5 miles S,W. by W. from Broad Cove Head ; this is a remarkable high steep head, but the cove affords shelter for boats only. CARBONIERE. — From Salmon Cove to Carboniere, the course is W.S.W. 6 miles. The island lies 1 mile from shore : its south end is low. The harbour is about I mile wide, bold to the shore on both sides ; as is the island, excepting its S.W. end, where there are some rocks under water. On the main opposite Carboniere Island are two coves, namely. Clown's Cove, and Croker's Cove, off which are several rocks both above and under water ; therefore, in sailing or working in or out of Carboniere, give the rocks a small berth, and after you are up with Otterbury Point, you may stand close over on either shore till you come near the head of the harbour. You may anchor in what depth you please in from 5 to 10 fathoms, but the ground is indiffer- ent, being in some parts rocky. The passage to the southward of Carboniere Island is not safe, being very narrow, by reason of some sunken rocks which extend both from the island and the point. Mosquito Cove lies to the southward of Otterbury Point, between it and the entrance of Harbour Grace ; in it is good anchorage on clean ground. HARBOUR GRACE The entrance of Harbour Grace is I league to the southward of Carboniere Island ; the harbour is an ex- ceeding good one, having from 9 to 6 fathoms water, good bottom, where you may lie land-locked. To sail into it you must pass to the northward of Harbour Grace Islands, between them and Carboniere Island, as the ground is all foul and dangerous, between the former and the Feather Point. There is no danger in sailing into the harbour till you are within the Salvage Rock : thence to the Admiral's Beach is shoal all along the west shore : and on the east shore, about 1| mile above the Feather Point, beginneth a shonl called the Bar, which stretches over toward the west side nearly two-thirds of the distance ; it THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. IS is narrowband hath in some places only 8 or 10 feet water. On the west bide nearly opposite the Point of the Bar, at a small distance from the shore* stands a house on which is a cupola, now a chapel ; at the back of which chapel are three land-marks for turning in by. The leading mark for sailing into the harbour, is to keep the hi^h point of the main without Lang Harry just open to the eastward of Long Harry ; you will then sail in the deepest water, and will not have less than 83 feet water; this mark will carry you quite up the harbour clear of all danger. To turn into the harbour, after you are within Salvage Rock, come no nearer the west shore than just to open a passage on the west side of Long Harry, but you may stand close over to the east side, till you get so far in as to bring the westernmost land-mark on with the cupola of the chapel ; you will then be up with the north side of the Bar, and must take care not to open these marks, if the mark in the cove at Ship's Head is open with the mark on the point of AdmiraPs Beach ; but if you can bring the westernmost land-mark at the back of the chapel on with the cupola, before the mark in the cove at Ship's Head is on with the mark at the point of Admiral's Beach, you will then be in the Narrows, and must take care not to stand farther over to the eastward than to bring those marks in one ; and continue turn- ing with these marks, both to the eastward and westward, as before directed, till you bring the easternmost land-mark at the back of the chapel on with the cupola ; then you will be within the bar, and may stand well over to the eastward : the middle mark at the back of the chapel, on with the cupola, and the mark in the cove at Ship's Head, just on with the mark on Admiral's Beach, will point out the shoal part of the bar. Bryant's Cove. — About 2 miles S.W. by S. from the Feather Point is Bryant's Cove, fit for boats only ; a rock lies in the middle of the entrance, on each side of which are 4 or 5 fathoms water. From Harbour Grace Islands to the entrance of Spaniard's Bat, the distance is about 2 leagues. This bay is about 1 mile wide, and 4 miles deep ; there is anchorage near its head in 7 or 8 fathoms water, but itis open to S.E. winds. Bay Roberts is separated from Spaniard's Bay by a narrow neck of land. About 1 mile from the entrance on the starboard side, is an island of a tolerable liei^ht, between which and the main vessels may anchor, but the ground is bad ; and there are two sunken rocks within it, one lying near the inner side of the island, and the other above the island near the main. Two miles above the island on the same side is the north-west arm, in which is excellent anchorage in 5 or 6 fathoms water, on a muddy bottom ; but be sure in sailing in to give the south point a good berth, in order to avoid some sunken rocks which lie off it : on the starboard shore it is shoal also near half a cable's length off. From Bay Roberts Pointto Burnt Head, the distance is 2^ miles. Between is the entrance of Port Grave Bay, which runs up from the former above 5 miles south-westward. About 1 mile above Bay Roberts Point is Blow-me-down Head, remarkable by being higher than the land near it ; and about half a mile to the south-westward of it is Ship Cove, where small ships may lie in 4 or 5 fathoms water, moored head and stern, with the S.W. anchor in 22 fathoms water, about a cable and a quarter's length from t'le ship. 14 .« SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR ■r , M PORT GRAVE.<~Port Grave ^6 about three quarter8 of a mile to the westward of Ship Cove; within the iHUuids the water is khallow, fit only for boata ; but about one-third of a mile without them is anchorage in SO to 25 fathoms water; but quite exposed to south- easterly winds. Cupid's Cove lies on the south side of Port Grave Bay, about 1^ mile from Burnt Head; in it is good anchorage in 5 or 6 fathoms water; there is room fur 3 or 3 khips to lie at their anchors, land- locked, and the north side is so bold that ships lie alongside the rocks, nnd take in their cargoes. The land on the north side of the entrance is remarkably high, and thence called Spectacle Head. Port Grave Bay runs about 2 miles up above Spectacle Head, is about a mile wide, and the soundings are gradual on both sides, and to the head, where there are conveniences for ship-building. BRIGUS From Burnt Head to Brigus Head is S.S.W. 2 mileo. Brigus runs in from this head W.S.W. li mile ; in it is anchorage in 10 or 15 fathoms water, but it is entirely open. At the head on the south side is an island, within which small vessels may anchor in 3 or 4 fathoms water, but must moor to the shores, where they will be secure from all winds. COLLIER'S BAY lieth about 2^ miles S.S.W. from Brigus : it runs in 2 leagues nearly; about 1^ mile from the entrance lies a sunken rock near mid-channel, on either side of which is a safe passage up the bay : this rock shows at three-fourths ebb. Twa and a half miles from the entrance, on the east side, is anchorage m about 10 fathoms water before a cove; small vessels may haul into the cove, and lie in 3 or 4 fathoms water. About 1^ mile higher up on the same side is another cove, but no amhorage ni it, being shoal and full of sunken rocks. Near the head of the bay is very good anchorage in 9 or 10 fathoms water. Salmon Cove lies about 1 league from Collier's Bay to the east. The entrance is about 1 mile wide, and runneth to the S.VV. about 2^ miles, then divideth into two arms, one running to the V^estward 1 mile nearly, and the other to the southward 1| mile ; in either of these anus is very good anchorage, but the best is in the southern arm from 5 to 10 fathoms water ; no danger in going into it. To sail into the N.W. arm, keep a rock above water off the point on the larboard hand, going in, well on b&ard, in order to avoid a sunken rock that lieth nearly opposite, a small distanee from the starboard shore; there is a passage on either side this rock, but to the southward is by far the widest. Harbour Main lieth about 1 mile from the east point of Salmon Cove; is about half a mile wide and 1^ mile deep ; near the head is anchorage in 7 to 10 fathoms water, but is entirely open. Holy Rood is about 1^ mile from Harbour Main, and runneth in about 34 miles. In a cove on the west side near the head is very good anchorage in 10 or 12 fathoms water, and sufficient room to moor. Near the south part of Belle Island, and about I league from Grand Beach, lieth Lance Cove, off which, and between it and Little Belle Isle, is tolerable good anchorage, from 15 to 30 fathoms water, sandy bottom. About 1 mile from the si>uth part of the island lieth a sunken rock, on which is about 2| fathoms water. Two miles S. by £. from Lance Cove lies Little Belle Isle, which I.- -■9- ..-. THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 15 is low, and about half a mile in length. Kelly's Island lies about half a mile to tlie S.W. of Little Belle Isle, and about 8 miles from the poii.t of Topsuil Heads : this island is about three quarters of u mile in length, and of a moderute height. On the main within Belle Isle lieth Portugal Cove, in which is no tafe anchorage. • '■ ' TRINITY B/Y. •': ' -••t^ '^.' '; • • • ' This extensive bay, between Bucalieu Island on the S.E. and Trinity Harbour en the S.W. is 7 leagues in breadth, amd is alwut 20 leagues in depth ; the south point of entrance westward of iiacalicu is called the Point of Grates. The next point is Break-heart Point, between which there is a small bay where boats may lie with off-shore winds : there is a ledge of rocks, but they are above water. The course from Break-heart Point to Sherwick Point, going into Old PerlicaUf is S.W. by W. 5 or 6 miles. Scurvy Ishuui lies some dis- tance from shore, to the southward of Break-heart Point ; between it and Sherwick the coast falls in a prttty deep bay, winding S.S.E. three quarters of a mile. Old Perlican. — Sherwick Point, off which is a rock above water, form the northern Point of Old Perlican ; vessels cannot go between the island and poiui, although the passage appears good and open, because the ground is altogether foul and rocky; always, therefore, run in to the southward of the island, and when you have passed it, anchor in 4 or 5 fathoms ; this cannot be considered a good harbour as the ground is bad for holding, and with the wind at N. W. you will be obliged to buoy your cables. From Old Perlican to SalVage Point the course is W. iN. distant 5 miles; Salvage Point requires a good berth, having a reef of rocks running out from it ; the point itself is low. Seven miles f^rther W. by S. i« Hants Head : the harbour, which is one mile to the east- ward, is fit for small craft only : two miles off which is Hants Har- bour Rock, over which the sea generally breaks; bring King's Head open of the Sugar Loaf, and you will clear it to the northward. IVo miles further is King's Head, and from King's Head to the Sugar Loaf the course and distance is S.W. 4 W. about 3 miles. Eastward of the Sugar Loaf is Sillee Cove, fit only for boats, and unsafe for vessels. % New Perlican. — From the Sugar Loaf to the north point of the entrance of New Perlican, the bearing is S.W. i W., distance ^ miles ; and 1 mile further is the harbour, small but tolerably good, within which you may ride land-locked in from 5 to 10 fathoms : the shores are bold-to, and free from danger ; the entrance is nearly 2 miles wide, being bounded by Smutty Nose Point on the east, and Gorlob Point on the West: but as you advance the harbour becomes nar- rower, so that at the anchorage it will scarcely be half a mile broad. Three miles from New Perlican is Heart's Content, a good har- bour fit for any ship, with excellent anchorage toward the uorth shore* in from 8 to 12 fathoms water. One league further is Heart's Desire, fit for boats only ; and 3| miles beyond that is Heart's Delight, another cove, adapted for small cral't only. Witless Bay. — From Heart's Delight, about 3 miles, is Long Point, projecting considerably into the bay» and a league further is 16 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR 1 I . v § -v.: Witless Bay, by no means a place of safety, being too much exposed, and the bottom rocky ; between Long I'oiiit and Witless Bay are two small islands, which you leave on your larboard side. One mile from Witless Bay is Grieen Harbour, where veHsels may anchor in from 7 to 10 fathoms; three miles further is Hupe-all-a-head ; 3 mites beyond which is New Harbour, a place of shoal water, and only Kt for boats. DiLDO Harbour.— Two and a half miles from New Harbour is Dildo Harbour, within which is very good anchorage, in a cove, at the northern side of the entrance, in from 10 to SO fathoms water, good clean ground. Three miles from thence is Chapel Bay, the mouth of which is a mile broad, and the bay about 3 miles deep : here, be- hind a small island about 9 miles in, is good anchorage, in from 8 !"> l!l fathoms. Collier's Bat is about 5 miles to the northward, very similar, and running nearly in the same direction to Chapel Bay ; 7 miles further is the Point of Tickle Harbour Bay, which runs inward, in a southerly direction, full 8 miles ; there is no danger in the way, and though little frequented the anchorage is safe. Thb bay of bulls, running in a N.N. Westerly direction to within 2 miles of Chance River, in Placentia Bay ; there is very good anchorage in various parts of this bay, in 13 and 10 fathoms water, particularly on the western side, in a cove, about 1^ mile from the entrance, with from 10 to 15 fathoms, sandy ground ; to the N.£. is Bull Island, and 5 miles further Copper Island : both these lie very near the shore. Deer Harbour is an extensive place, and has good anchorage, but barred with many shoals ; the first lies midway between Tickle Point and Deer Island, having 6 fathoms on its shallowest part, and there- fore not dangerous ; but one third of a mile further in, is a bank with only 2 and 3^ fathoms water ; bring the point of the N.E. cove open of Shallop Cove Point, and you will go clear to the westward in 7 fiithoms water. There is also another shoal lying off the point on the outside of Shallop Cove, on which are 2i fathoms, this will be avoided by just opening the point of Deer Island with the first point on the main, within Deer Island ; and after you have passed Harbour Island you may anchor on good ground, in from 10 to 26 fathoms. The .i*x Island Points, there is no danger whatever. Salmon Cote and Enomsh Harbouk lie to the eastward of Robinhood's Bay, being only divided from it by a narrow neck of land, called Fox's Island. The former of these runs in northerly, and is considered a good fishing place ; it is clear of dangers, and has a good depth of water, IVom 17 to 10 and 8 fathoms ; the eastern shore IS bold-to, and at the further end of the cove there is a small run of water, which extends about 8 miles to the northward. Enslisu Harbour is situated at the S. Eastern entrance of Salmon Cove ; it is a clean bay, where you may ride in 4 and 5 fathoms water. From hence the coast rounds to the eastward to the Horsechops, a dis- tance of more than 3 miles; it is all high land, steep-to ana without danger. To the N. Eastward of Horsechops is Green Bay, open and entirely ex|)08ed to the southward ; at the eastern part of this bay is a small sandy beach with a rivulet of water; this place is little fre- quented, and is neither convenient for ships to fish or ride in. When you have passed this bay, there is no sheltering cove or place until you reach Ragged and Catalina Harbours. Ragged liARBOUR is so named from the rough and craggy appear- ance of the surrounding rocks, which render it unsafe for either boats or ships to entef ; but for those who intend going there, we shall observe, they must go to the northward of the reef of rocks at its entrance, running on north, until the harbour comes quite open, then you may steer in between the Round Island near the main, and a large black rock, being the outermost of the ragged ones before mentioned ; sail on until you are to the westward of them all, or until you get the south head of Catalina to appear between the westernmost rock and the main, then anchor. A river of good water is at the head of the harbour. CATALINA HARBOUR is nearly 2 miles to the northward of Ragged Harbour, aud is in the latitude of 48o 31' 15^'' N. bearing from the north point of Bacalieu Island nearly north, distant 24 miles. It is a good harbour for small vessels, and may be known by a singular green Island at the south point of its entrance ; near half a mile to th<3 north of this island, is the Brandy Rocks, a ledge over which the sea frequently breaks ; you may go on either side of these rocks, giving the Little Island a berth, or with a leading wind between the island and the main, though this passage is exceeding narrow, in 4 and 5 fathoms. Just within the entrance of the Harbour is Charlton Rock or shoal, lyine nearly mid-channel, over which are only 8 feet water; you must avoid bringing the north point of Green Island on with Burnt Head, the south point of the harbour, for that will carry you right upon the rock ; there is a passage between the island and rock^ and also between the rock and the north shore, only steering nearer the main about two thirds over. Little Catalina Bat lies inwards on the northern side i from Catalina Harbour to Little Catalina the course is about N.E. ]^ mile ; and thence to the north head of the bay E.N.E. a little easterly 4| miles ; when within the harbour you may anchor close ,to the shore in 4 and 5 fathoms land-locked ; or to the southward of the Little Green Island in 3^ fathoms, or by running up S miles farther obtain fresh m 20 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR water. In the S.VV. urin or branch of the river, where there il unclior- (l^e ill 5 fuihoniK, the harbour runt weHterl}*. Soiiietimeii the water in thiH hurboitr will uudtlenly rise 3 or 4 feet, then fait ugain, and in cer- tain Reasons it will often do ho two or three times in 3 or 4 hourH. It alioundt) with salmon, und the herb Alexander grows luxuriantly on the little island ; near aHmull cove, ut the N.W. is a sort of mineral, of a glitterini^ nature, generally called Fire Stone; excellent willicks may be found on the rocks. From the south to the north head of Catalina tlie course is N.E. } E. distant 5^ miles, and between them are from 13 to 5 fathoms water ; the whole way is a kind of broken ground, and in blowing weather the sea frequently breaks high over it. From the north head of Catalina to Flower's Point, the course is N.N.E. I E. distant !2^ miles; and 1 mile to the eastward of the point lie some sunken rocks; you may go between Flower's Point and these rocks, in 6 fathoms water, but it is more advisable to pass on the outside of them ; this you will readily do by bringing Gull Island open of Spiller's Point, or by keeping the south head of Catalina open of the north head. BiRp Islands. — From Flower's Point to the Bird Islands is 9 miles ; within Bird Islands is a small bay where ships can occasionally ride, in one branch which runs up toward the west, and in the other, amidst some rocks, which are above water. Bird Itiland's Bay extends so far as Cape Larjan. . From Flower's Point to Cape Larjan is 3§ miles, it is rather a low rocky point, having also a large rock above water lying off it. From Cape Larjan to Spiller's Point, is ]| mile; between these points, the lead falls into very deep water. Spiller's Point is steep and bold-to, but not very high, with a rock above water near it ; over the point you may discern the high laud of Port Bonavista a great way off at sea. v : BONAVISTA TO CAPE FREELS. . ' From Spiller's Point to Cupe Bonavista the course is N. Sf mile»: there is an apparently deep bay between, which might be mistaken for the Harbour of Bonavista. The cape is in latitude 48o 43^ N., it appears at a distance of a blueish or sky colour ; it is a steep rocky point having 4 fathoms close to its base. Gull Island, Old and Young Harry, &c. — About half a mile N.N.E. from the extremity of the Cape lies Gull Island, which, though small, may easily be recognized, by being of moderate height, and elevated in the middle, making something like a round hat with broad green brims, and visible 4 or 5 leagues of)^', when the weather is clear. N.N.E. | E. distant Similes from Gull Island, is the Old Harry Rock, having only 13 feet water over it ; from this a reef or bank exttnds to the N.E. nearly 3 miles, having severiil dangerous spots upon it, of only 18 feet and 3 or 4 fathoms ; the outer edge of this danger is called the Young Harry; its northern extremity is 10 fathoms water, and a little further off 45 fathoms ; between the Young Uarry and the middle ground of 18 feet, are 12, SO, and 50 fathoms; to the northward of the middle ground are 6*0 and 40 fathoms, to the eu9twi»rd 19 and uruted from Indinii Arm only by u narrow neck of land; this is an extensive branch of the >eu, ila entrance be- tween Red Head and kiite*s Harbour Head, in n full mile wide, with 30, 5Q, 80, and 90 fathoms water, mid-chunnel ; from hence it bends to the S. Westward 7| miles, becoinin^ narrower as you advance, but with deep water and uo dunj^er. On the western side there is an o|)en- in^ called Hayes Cove, it lies about 3 miles from Kate Harbour Head. Bacon-done Rock.— Vessels intending to seek either of these places, must beware of the Biuon-bone Rock, a danger of only 18 feet water over it; this lies W. 4 N. distant I mile from Western Head, and directly in the fair way of the navigation. To avoid this danger, do not shut in Southern Head until Little Denier comes on with the outer Shag Island. Katb Haroour lies to the westward of Plate Cove; its entrance is three quarters of a mile wide, and the harbour runs in about 1^ mile ; the depth of water is 36, 29, and 27 fathoms mid-chunnel, de- creasing as you advance to the further end ; there is a rock under water off its entrance with 7, 8, and 9 fathoms round it ; this lies nearer to Kate's Head, but there is a passage between them, and also a still wider channel on the western side of the rock. Sweet Bay is another extensive inlet, lying to the westward of Kate Harbour; its entrance is between Cutlers Head and Chance Point, and leads also to Maidenhair Cove, and Little and Great Chance Har- bours. Sweet Bay is the easternmost inlet ; which having entered, and passed Culler's Head, which is rocky and steep.to, you will see Turfpook Island, it is small and narrow ; about half a mile to the S.W. of this is Woody Island, and between them a rock under water; there is a passage on either side of these, and when you get beyond Woody Island, the bay becomes about three quarters of a mile wide, with 60 fathoms water mid-way ; advancing still further you will observe several islands in your passage ; there is also a rock under water on your starboard side, three quarters of a mile beyond Woody Island ; it lies abreast of a little island which is mid-channel ; further on is Wolf Island, between which and the main there is no passage; off this lies Gooseberry Island, between which and Wolf Island there is 30 fathoms water, but the channel is narrow, and that on the eastern side of Gooseberry Island is much wider ; Sweet Bay here divides into two branches, that to the eastward is called the S.W. arm, and has directly before its entrance Hunt's Island, the channel to the eastward of which has 10, 13, and 14 fathoms water, and that to the westward 7 and 9 fathoms, you will then see on your starboard side a small island, you may pass it on either side, and having so done, will drop into 24, 23, and 20 fathoms water ; the head of the arm is foul and rocky. The N.W. arm is divided from the S.W. arm a little below Hunt's Island, and at the further end of Wolfs Island is nearly a mile wide, from whence it runs S. Westerlv 3| miles, with good depth of water, and clear of dangers ; at the bottom is a sandy beach and a small rivulet. Great Chance Harbour. — The entrance of Great Chance Har- bour, which is an excellent anchorage, lies 10 miles W. f S. ■'I 24 i\ SAILING DIRECTIONS FOK ||- ':i'i li'''i' from Western Head. The passage to it is clear with the excep- tion of the Bacon-bone, already mentioned. In sailing for this place the safest way is, not to shut in Southern Head until the isle called Little Denier, bearing N. i W. comes on with the outer Shag Island. Thus the bacon-bone will be avoided, and you may steer for the harbour, S.VV. by W. and West, without having any danger to encounter until you approach the entrance: but here, in the southern part, lies a sunken rock, witli only 6 feet of water. Within this rock, and in a line with it, are two islets, called the Mti»>turd-bovvl» ; in order to avoid the rock, be careful not to shut in the western Mustard- bowl with the eastern, but, having passed the latter, you may stand boldly in, approaching the shore on either side as you please, and you may anchor any where above the narrows in from 1 1 to 5 fathoms, perfectly land-locked and good holding-ground. Wood and water may easily be procured here. At 2 miles E. by N. from Chance Point, (the outer point ofChunce Harbour,) is a spot of ground with 7 fathoms, over which the sea breaks in very heavy gales from seaward, but it is nut dangerous in fine weather. Chandi.er*s Reach is the channel leading to Goose Ray and Clode Sound ; the course through which is W. 4 S. which, from the N.W. point of Deer Island will take vou to Connecting Point; this is the point of the peninsula that divides the former from the latter. Goose Bay runs in S. Westerly, about 7| miles, and by keeping in raid-channel you will meet with no danger, but have 47, 40, and 36 fathoms water, until, having passed Lubber's Hole, the depth decreases to 12, 13, 10, and 8 fathoms, when you will see a small island, situated to the westward of Goose Head ; behind and to (he westward of this, you may anchor in from 4 to 7 fathoms, or further to the southward in 5| fathoms ; in most of these inlets you will lie perfectly safe, and entirely land-locked : fresh water and wood are plentiful, and easily obtained. Ci.ODE Sound is a fine branch of the sea, running in from Chan- dler's Reach full 90 miles; it has many places of very good anchor- age, and without any danger: vessels may find perfect safety on the northern shore, at Brown's Cove, or further in at Long Cove, or Platter Cove ; or on the southern shore, at Bunyan's and Love Coves ; or, passing the Platter Rocks, and steering westward, at Freshwater Cove ; the mid-channel has all the way deep water, and there are no rocks except near the shores. Lion's Den is an opening lying at the N.W. end of Chandler's Reach ; to enter which you must sail to the northward of the Deer and Cluster Ulands, and pass the narrows, which is about one-third of a mile wide, and has 24 fathoms water in it ; having passed the en- trance about 1 mile, there is a sunken rock, round which are 4, 5, and 6 fathoms ; you may then perceive the inlet to branch off into two divi- sions, that to the N.W. is very narrow, and has a rocky islet at its entrance ; but that which runs to the S.W. is broader, and has 11, 14, and JO fathoms water in it; it runs in from the sunken rock about l| mile, and at its further end becomes shoal, narrow, and rocky. The Long Islands are four in number, having narrow channels between them, some of which are encumbered with rocks, and dan- gerous ; the eastern island is the largest and broadest, the next to it THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 25 e, and easily res ; or. ndler's Deer third of the en- 5, and vo divi- at its 11. 14, about is the longest, the two western ones are sniuller and nai'rower ; they Conn the northern boundary of the passage from Western Head to Chandler's Reach ; and also the southern boundary to Swale Tickle and Newn:an'8 Sound. Off the N. Eastern point of the largest Long Island, lies a sunken rock ; it is close to the land, and therefore may easily be avoided ; this point bears from Western Head nearly W. by N. distant 6 miles. Newman's Sound. — This is a large arm of the sea, running in W. by N. having at its entrance Swale Island, which is nearly 44 miles long, and not ] broad in the widest part; this divides the entrance into two channels; the southern passage is called the Swale Tickle, and the northern one goes by the general name of Newman's Sound. To sail from abreast of the Western Head into the Swale Tickle, you should steer W.N.W. 4 W. To sail from abreast 'of the Bonavista Gull Island, steer W.N.W. £ W. 29 miles, and it will carry you a little to the southward of Little Swale Island, and iu the (air way of the passage ; but iu advancing through this channel there are several obstructions, and the passages from thence into Newman's Sound are so narrow that it will always be adviseable to go to the northward of the Great Swale Island. To do this, having rounded the Gull Island, steer W.N.W. ^ W. 27 or 28 miles, you will then have the sound open, and can proceed accordingly ; it is full 1^ mile wide, and ex- tends nearly in a N. by W. direction from the N.E. point of Swale Island 1 1 miles, having several places of good anchorage. Those on the southern shore are South Broad Cove, Minchin's Cove, and Stan- ford Cove. South Broad Cove is situated 3^ miles beyond the western point of Swale Island, and is a place of great safety : the passage in is to the S. Westward, and you will ride wellj sheltered in 10 fathoms, free from any danger: there is a small island at the entrance, which you will leave on your larboard side. Minchin's Cove. — There is a long narrow point of land running out to the northward, which you will round, and turning southerly, the cove will appear open ; here you will lie in 5 fathoms, opposite a sandy beach. To the westward is Mount Standford, off the point of which lies a small island, reaching half-way over the passage, making the channel in this part very narrow ; the best course through, is to the eastward of this island, in 9 fathoms ; here an opening appears to the eastward, called Buckley's Cove, lit for small vessels; the coast now winding to the westward, forms a broad bay, with 20, 26, and 2? fathoms water in it, free from any danger, and shallowing on each side towards the shores. At the S. M'^estern part of this is Standford Cove, having a sandy beach, the approach towards which shallows gradually. Barrow Harbour. — Little Denier Island lies off the entrance of Barrow Harbour, which lies south-westward of it, is safe and conve- nient : it is formed by three islands, Richard's, Goodwin's, and Keat's ; the entrance is about 500 yards wide, and not very difficult of access : the harbour is a mile long ; the lower part is rocky, and not well shel- tered ; but the upper part is completely land-lockedf and has good hofding ground. The course to this place from Bonavista Gull Island, is N.W. by W. | W. 22 miles. On approaching Little Denier, you must be careful to aroid the D 26 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR N (■i Outer Rock, lying; three-quarters of a mile E. j N. from that island. It has only 4 feet of water on it ; but as the sea constantly breaks, it is easily guarded against. Betweerr Little Denier, and Richard's Island, there is also a range of rocks, called the Brandishes, at dis- tances from each other, and extending nearly half way over towards Little Denier, with from 14 to 17 ft'et upon them ; between are chan- nels of 7 and 8 fathoms. These make the northern channel preferable for strangers without a pilot. To run clear of the Brandishes, you must keep Wedge Point, (the projection within the harbour,) a little open to the southward of Smoky Kidge, (r the cove, which you can enter without fearing obstruc- tion, and anchor in any part of it, in 25. to 5 fathoms, but the western side of the cove is -preferable. Wood plentiful, water scafce in the summer season. , * I Gooseberry Isles, &c. — The Gooseberry Islands are a cluster of islets, near the middle of Bonavista Ray. The Offer or Outer Gooseberry is in latitude 48° ASlgl, longitude 53" 27'. From Cape Bonavista, to sail clear of the Eastern Rock, which lits at 1^ mile to the E.S.E. of the Offer Gooseberry Island, the course is N. by W.f W. and froin thence to Copper Island, (at the mouth of Greenspond Tickle) N. f E-; here it is possible to obtain pilots for this and the adjacent anchorages, which are Northwest-Arm, New Harbour, and Cat Cove ; there is also good holding ground between Greenspond Island and the main ; but the water is so deep that a vessel is liable to drift on shore in the act of weighing, nor is there sufficient room to veer to a lengthened cable in heavy gales from the S.VV. to which quarter it is ihnch exposed. The course to Barrow Harbour from the eastern Gooseberry Rock is S.W. i W. 18 miles: you thus avoid Malone's Ledge, a shoal lyioig S. | W. 1 mile from the rock, (above water) which bears the same name : it has never less than 4 fathoms^ so that in fine weather no danger need be apprehended. Bay of Fair and False may contain several good anchorages, but it is so filled with small islands and rocks, that any description that could be given would be of no use to the mariner. A cluster of large islands extends off the frontage of this bay, full 20 miles, or so far as Offer Gooseberry Island ; between these are passages innumerable, with deep water; there is also a wide channel, running from Fair and False Bay, and Morris Island, to the northward ; this leads to Bloody Bay, which then turns westward, and is divided into various branches, forming the N.W. arm, the middle arm, and the N.E. arm; this latter being a peculiar and extensive channel, running in one direction, southward, almost to Newman*s Sound, and in another, almost to Damnable Harbour ; all these are navigable, and afford places of good anchorage, and plenty of both wood and water. There is also an open strait from Bloody Bay to the eastward^ through Bloody and Cotters Reaches,^and out to the northward of Offer Gooseberry Island. Other channels branch off to the< north- ward from Bloody and CottePs Reaches, and between the Lakeman^s Islands, running into Pit's Sound, Locker's, and Content Reaches^ and thence to Freshwater Bay : within these and on the northern shore, are Hare, Locker's, Trinity, Indian, and many other lesser bays, coves, and inlets, abounding with good anchorages, and calculated to afford shelter for shipping of all descriptions, in cases of necessity ; these are, at present, but little known, and frequented only by the constant 28 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR V9 '■ ii traders ; we (thull, therefore, proceed to those f^hich are the usual places of resort, and are better situated for the purpose of fishing. Ships coming in from the eastward, to round Cape Freels, have to avoid the Charge Rock, wliich lies S. E. | S. 2^ miles from Cape Freels* Gull Island ; the rock has only 3 feet of water upon it, and is circumscribed by a large spot of rough fishing ground, having from 8 to 30 fathoms; from the Gull Island you may run immediately southward for the Slinking Islands, taking care not to open Cape Freels to the eastward of the Gull ; this will carry you inside the dan- ger ; keeping a good look for the Mid-rocks, which are just above water, and lie 3 miles to the N»E. by E. i E. off the Stinking Islands ; but a vessel, not bound up the Bay, is enjoined to keep well outside ; for should the weather become suddenly thick and fo^gy (which is not unfrequent with an easterly wind) che runs a great risk of getting bewildered among the innumerable rocks for which this part of the coast is remarkable, and from which neither chart nor compass can direct the stranger. Three quarters of a mile N.W. from Gull Island, is a rock with 3 fathoms of water upon it. In the >\ inter months, when the north-easterly gales are very heavy , and continuous, thesea breaks exceedingly high over seve.al spots of the Stinking Banks, which lie E.N.E* i E. from the Stinking Islands : in two places there is as little hs 7 fathoms : in such weather, although a vessel would not strike,8he would be in very great danger of founder- ing in the tremendous sea, which would be apt to break over her ; but, in fine weather, no danger from them is to be apprehended. Having rounded the Stinking Islands, a..;l wi»hing to sail into New Harbour or Cat Cove, steer directly for the Offer Gooseberry Island, S.W. by VV. I W. until you bring Pouch and Flower's Islands to touch each other : you will be then 2 miles outt>ide the Three Rocks, which lie at li mile to the southward of Flower's Islands. The outer of the Three Rocks has on it 3 fathoms of water, the middle 14 feet, and the inner only 1 1 ft-et. Now alter the conrse to W. i S. keeping the white face of Chalky Hills, in Locker's Reach, a little on the starboard bow, which will carry you clear of Copper Island dangers, lying without Shoe Cove Point : should the roughness of the weather prevent your getting a pilot on board thereabout, continue on this course until you bring Shoe Cove Point (which may be distinguished from its bearing a semblance to white marblt-) to bear N.W. ^ W. : then shape your course for Indian Bay W.N.W. NEW HARBOUR is 3 miles to the westward of Shoe Cove Point. With easterly winds it is quite inaccessible, from its narrow entrance ; in which case you must continue onward for Cat Cove, lying 4 miles farther up the Bay on the same side. The Cove is formed by Cat Island, and may be easily recognized, it being the only part in the vicinity that is covered with live woods, the surrounding forests having been destroyed by conflagration ; on sailing in keep the island open on your starboard bow. Off the upper part of Cat Island lie two high green rocks, wliich you roust round, the passage formed by them being too shoal to pass between : you may then run till you get some distance inside the upper point of the island, and then anchor in from 5 to 13 fathoms, with the hawse open to N.W., the winds from that quarter being in general most heavy and squally. In working in, you may stpnd close to either shore, except off the point of the THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. Point. island, at there itt a sunken rock within 100 yards of it, with not more than 10 feet of water. NoRTUWKST Arm is the best anchora^^e near Cape Freels; but its access is not without difficulty, from the multiplicity of Islands that lie in the neighbourhood, and which are almost undistinguishable from their great semblance of each other : the greatest danger you have to encounter, in making this place from the southward, is the Northern Rock, which lies N.E. li miles from Copper Island, (known by its height and without wood) ; it has never less than 33 feet of water upon it ; so that, in fine weather, vessels which generally frequent this coast, may pass over it in perfect safety ; but, in hard gales, the sea breaks over it incredibly high : to avoid it, be careful not to open Fool's Island, at the entrance of N.W. Arm (which is somewhat higher and more prominent than the rest, and which is covered with trees, except the crown), to the westward the Western Pond Rock, until you bring Butterfly Itiland to touch the inner point of Flower*s Island, or until Puffin and Copper Islands touch each other; then, leaving the Pond Rocks on the starboard hand, steer in for Fool's Island ; which island it is advisable to keep well on board, as there is a sunken rock lying exactly in mid-channel, between it and Partridge Island Rocks, with 18 feet upon it; to clear which, it is impossible to give a descriptive mark. The course then into the Arm is N.W. ^ W., and as soon as you get inside Odd Island, you may anchor in muddy ground with from 7 to 9 fathoms, FooPs Island Hill bearing S.E. to S.E. by S. During the dry summer months, vessels are compelled to send to Loo Cove for water, nor is wood to be procured on this part of the coast within the distance of 12 miles. GREENSPOND TICKLE is a small harbour on the eastern side of Greenspond Island, formed by several smaller ones which lie off it, and is of very little importance, not being capable of receiving vessels whose draught of water exceeds 14 feet; its dangers are in the Northern, the Cookroom, Puffin, and Harbour Rocks, but it is im- possible to get in with a foul wind, or with a fair one without a pilot. Ships sometimes anchor between the island and the main ; but the place is contracted, and the water is very deep, add to which it is much exposed to S. W. winds, so that it cannot be recommended as a place of safety : to sail into it, you must pass to the westward of Copper Island, in doing which you must cautiously avoid the Mid- summer Rock, which lies one mile off south-westward from that island, and has only 6 feet of water on it: when you shut in Silver Hair Island with Shoe Cove Point, you are inside the danger. ^ -t, * •? i m - .11 CAPE FREELS TO CAPE ST. JOHN. Cape Frkels is formed of three points, the South Bill, the North % Bill, and the Middle, or Cape Freels; there are many shoals and rocky dangers about them all, therefore a wide berth should be given them at all times. Over these points is some high land, commonly called the Cape Ridge, which is visible at a considerable distance. N.N.W. ^ W. from Cape Freels, distant 6| miles, is the Outer Cat Island ; it is connected to the main by a sandy reef, which is impass- able for shipping, and forms the southern point of Deadman's Bay; i SAILING DIKECTIONS FOR a little before you come to the Outer Cat, you will see a remarkable hill called the Windmill Hill, and near it the Little Cut Island. In sailing to or from Cape Freels the shore ttliould have a good berth, although there are soundings all the way, and ihey decrease gradually towards the shore. Deadman's Buy is formed by the Outer Cut Island to the southward, and Deadman*s Point to the northward ; the soundings within are regulttr.und the bay without rocks, unless close to the shore, but it is totally unsheltered and open to all easterly winds. Penguin Is^iAnds. — Having passed Deadmun's Point you will ap- proach the Penguin Islands ; these are 2 in number, and bear from Cape Freels N.N.W. ^ W. distant 14 and 15 miles; between them the passage is clear, with from 5| to 7 fathoms water, but vessels should not go within them and the shore, for there are several rocky reefs which render it particularly dangerous. Funk Island lies N. 54° E. from Cape Freels, distant 97 miles ; it is little more than a sterile rock, and cannot be seen further than at the distance of 10 or 12 miles; but it will always be distinguished by the great number of birds which continually hover over it. About 300 yards itorth of Funk Island is u large rock above water, and N.W. by W. 180 yards from this are still larger rocks; they are all barren, and only the resort of sea birds, that inhabit and breed there ; between these rocks are 18, 37* and 42 fathoms water, with a clear passage, but between the eastern rock and Funk Island there is a dangerous sunken rock, of only 10 feet wuter, over which the sea generally breaks ; near this sunken rock are 14 and 1 6 fathoms, and between it and Funk Island 30, 25, 56, 38, 24, and 17 fathoms ; off the western point of Funk Island are some rocks, and at its eastern part a sort of creek with 5 fathoms in it. It is also reported that a ledge of rocks lies S. W. from Funk Island, distant about 7 miles. DuBEi.s Ledge is a dangerous reef, and said to lie about 7 leagues N.W. by N. from Funk Island : the sea breaks over it continually ; and nearly N.W. by W. distant 3 leagues from Durels Ledge, is another danger named Cromwell's Ledge, it is supposed to bear E.S.E. i E. distant 10 or 11 miles from Liltle Fogo Islands. Raogeu Harbour. — This harbour lies to the N. Westward of the Penguins, distant 6| miles; the main land hereabout is low and sandy, and the passage from the eastward rocky and dangerous ; it should therefore not be attempted by a stranger, or without a pilot. To the north-westward is Ladle Cove Island, and 7 miles beyond that is Rocky Bay ; Rocky Bay lies in about latitude 49^ 28' N. and longitude 54o 6' W. At its entrance, which is wide, lie 3 islands. Noggin Island, Green Island, and further south is White Island; you may pass between each of these in 7 fathoms; between Rocky Point and Green Island in 7» 8, 13, or 10 fathoms; and between Green and White Islands in 13 and 14 fathoms ; between Noggin Island and the jvestern point of the Bay, there are 3^, 7» 12* 9* and 4 fathoms; the Dottom of these bays, for there are 3 openings, is rocky, and vessels cannot go far into them. The Wadham Islands. — These consist of 8 or 10 Hcattered islands, lyi'^g to the N. Westward of Cape Freels ; they are separated from each other by channels more than 1 bud 2 miles wide; the largest called Peckford's Island, which is almost a mile long, lies in the direc- tion of north and south, and bears from Cape Freels nearly N. by W* THE JSLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. distant flO miles ; from iU loutherii part towards the land about Rag- ged Harbour, there are n number of rocky islets and reefti, with chun- lels bet them ide the of thi extremely hazardouM. N.N.VV. ^ N. l|^ mile from Peckford's Island is White Island, but a passage between them should not be attempted, for there are several small rocks lying off the north and north western pari of Peckford's Island, some of which stretch out almost as far as White Island. N.W. by W. from Peckford's Island, about 4,^ miles, is Copper Island ; Green island lies W.N.W. ^ N. ^i miles from Peck- ford's Island, and about a similar distance S.S.E* ^ E. from Copper Island; there are also some sum 11 rocks lyiug off the N.W. end of Green Island, which, being visible, canalwuys be avoided with ease. The S.W. Rock is above water, bearing from Peckford's Island S.S.E. i E. distant 3i miles; near it are 13, 17, and 31 fathoms; about N.N.E. distant 2 miles from the S.W. Rock is a small flat island ; and a little more to the eastward is Offer Island ; this is the most easterly of all the Wadhani^ Islands. There is yet a rock to describe, which lies E.S.E. ^ E. from Offer Islund, distant about 1| mile; this is dangerous, and must have a berth in passing either north or southward of it. FOGO ISLANDS.— These islands lie to the N. Westward of the Wadhani Islands ; great Fogo is 4 leagues long and 9 miles broad ; off its S. Western point lie the Indian Islands, and N.£. by N. 3^ miles from the body of Great Fogo, are the Little Fogo Islands; numerous other rocks and small islands are scattered about. Shoal Bay or Fogo Harbour lies on the north side of the island, it is considered good for the fisheries, but its entrance is dangerous and difficult ; there is also a strong current running S. Eastward, espe- cially with a westerly wind'; to guard as much as possible against this current, you should hug Fogo close on board, until you open the entiance, which is narrow ; having found this, run directly in, keeping right in the middle, and you will carry 8, 6, and 4 fathoms through- out ; this is called the V\'est Tickle; when you are through, if intend- ing to anchor in the western bight, you must steer S. Eastward until you bring the point between the height' N.W. by W. to avoid the Harbour Rock, which seldom appears except at low water, spring tides; then haul up to the westward, and anchor in from 6 to 5 fathoms, good ground and well sheltered. Vessels from the eastward, and bound to Fogo Harbour, should avoid the Dean's, u sunken rock lying between Joe Batt's Point and the harbour ; steer W.N.W. until Brimstone Hill, a remarkable round mountain, appears in the centre of the harbour ; then steer for the East Tickle, which may be known by the lantern on the top of Sim's Island, making the west side of the Tickle. Give a good berth to the point on the starboard side, and run right up tlie harbour, keeping near the south side, and you will carry from 5 to 3 fathoms through ; immediately you get round the point, steer S. W. to avoid the Harbour Rock,' and follow the directions given above for anchoring. The middle Tickle appears the widest, but it is fit only for boats ; the other two must be adopted as best suits the wind. :■ Little Fogo Islands are nearly surrounded by rocks, both above and under water, making this part of the coast exceedingly dan- gerous ; to the eastward of Little Fogo is a small rock just above 32 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOK water, railed the N. Eastern Koik, and somewhat in ihis direction, distant 10 or II miles, is said to lie Cromwell's Led^e, whose uxuct po!>ition is not well determined, although it is considered to be ex- tremely dungerons. Noi'hwurd of Little Fogo are the Turr Rocks, and from hence in the direction of the western side of Great Fogo Island, lire the Storehouse Rocks, the Seals Nests, Guppy and Stone Islands, the Jigger and black Rocks, and various other dangers, all having deep water round them, and tending to increase the difficulty of the navigation. Thel8L\NDOF TouLiNOUET lies to the westward of Fogo, and has several small Islands about it ; here is situated what is called Tou- linguet Bay ; and to the S. Westward of Toulinguet Island, is the Harbour of Herring Neck ; this is said to be a spacious fine harbour, and fit for any vessels. Toulinguet Bay is but an indifferent place for shipping, lying directly open to the N.E. winds, which throw in a heavy sea : about 4 miles N. by E. ^ N. fiom the eiHrance of this bay there is a bank, on which, with heavy gales of wind, it is asserted the sea breaks with violence, while between it and the shore there are from 50 to 80 fathoms water. Wire Cape Cove, which is situated on the western side of the westernmost Toulinguet Island that makes Toulinguet Bay, is only fit for fishing craft. - ,, ,.,!... {, . ,, . , . .- ^ i •". <.' -. CAPE ST. JOHN TO BELLE ISLE. Capb St. John is a high rugged point of land, lyingN.W.byN. 12 or 19 leagues from Toulinguet Bay : it may readily be known by the small high round island to the S.. Eastward, distant from the northern pitch of the cape about 2| or 3 miles; this is called the Gull Island, and is the third of that name on this side of Newfoundland. Cape St. John is the point where, by treaty, the French fisheries begin ; their boundary continues thence northward and round the WQitern coast, so far as Cape Ray. There are various deep bays and inlets Ijetween the Fogo Islands and Cape St. John, but their particulars are very little known, although there can be little doubt the Great Bay, and River Exploits, and the Bay of Notre Dame, afford many places of good anchorage, and of easy access, which, when fully explored, may became hereafter fre- quented, better understood, Hud prove highly beneficial. Lakie is about 5 miles to the westward of Cape St. John; to sail into which there is no danger whatever, and you may anchor any where in from 9 to 6 fathoms ; but it is exposed to all winds and seas from the northward. Great Round Haabour is a good and convenient place for vessels engaged in the fishing trade ; there is no danger in sailing in or out of it, both shores being bold-to ; the anchorage lies within the two inner points, where vessels may ride in 4 or d fathoms water, secure from the weather and entirely land-locked ; but Little Round Har- bour, which lies round a point to the N« Eastward about 1^ mile distant, is merely a cove, and totally unfit for shipping. Paquet Harrour lies about 5 miles N.W. by N. from Great Round Harbour ; its entrance, according to Captain Edgetl, R.N. lies in lati- tude 50° 8/ rf. and longitude 55°53'W. and bears from the channel THE ISLAND OP NEWFOUNDLAND. 33 between the Horse Islands, nearly S.W. by S. ; it may be known by its Southern Head, whirli is u high and rocky niountiiiii; the Northern Head is somewhat lower, and there are 3 rocky islets lying directly oft' its point ; both |>oints are bold-to, but a little to the southward of the 3 rocky islet«, is a small shoal with 2i, 3, and 4 fathoms upon it ; the channel between it and the»e three rocks has 7, 8, and 9 fathoms, and the water across the entrance is from 8 and 9, to 19 and "*) fathoms; a similar depth continues more than a quarter of a mile ii., where the harbour divides into two channels, the one running; northward, the other West and S. West. The northern arm is about one quarter of a mile long, and has 80, 18, and 19 fathoms at its entrance, becomin;^ shallower as you advance; vessels running in here should keep the starboard shore on board, for about two thirds up the channel, on the larboard side, there is a rocky shoal, asmiill part of which occasionally appears above water ; on the other part of tjiin shoal are from 3 feet to 4 fathoms ; having |>as8ed this shoal, steer up mid-channel and anchor in 5, 7, or 8 fathoms ; the northern part near the land becomes shallow, and a rivulet here falls into the buy, which is said to issue from some extensive lakes about 2 miles inland. The south-western channel is somewhat narrower than the northern one, but is quite free from danger; the shores on both sides are steep-to, and bold, and you will nave 13, 10, 9, 3, and 7 fathoms for half a mile in ; it then shallows to the head of the bay, where there is a sandy beach and a river running southward. This is a snug and secure place ibr vessels to run into whenever occa- sion may require. To the northward of the Northern Point is a moun- tain called Signal Hill, commonly having a signal-post upon it, and serving to point out its situation. Pine Bay and Verte Bay lie to the westward, but although the anchorage is good, they are but little frequented. THE HORSE ISLANDS.— These are situated nearly midway between Partridge Point and Cape St. John, bearing from the latter N. by W. and N.N.W. distant about 5 leagues ; these are two islands, and form a circuit of nearly 2 leagues, appearing moderately high ; there are three rocks above water lying to the northward of the eastern- most; and on the east side of the same island there are some sunken rocks, which stretch out in some places near a mile from the shore; attheS.E. part of this island there is also a little cove, fit only for boats: there is probably a safe channel between these islands, but it is seldom attempted ; the eastern island is the largest. Flkur db Lys Harbour lies to the northward of Pine and Verte Bays, and is situated about l{ mile to the southward of the northern extremily of Partridge Point, and about 3 leagues W. by N. from the S. West end ot the Little Horse Island : the entrance will hardly be perceptible, unless you are near the land, but at a distance it may be distinguished by a mountain over it, which appears something like a fleur de lys, from whence it takes its name. There is no danger in sailing into this harbour, excepting from a small rock of only 6 feet water, which lies about 2 cables* lengths from Harbour Island, on the south side ; to avoid this rock you should keep the northern shore on board, and when you get beyond Harbour Island, you can anchor where you please in 44 or 5 fathoms, well sheltered from all winds. E SAILING DIIIECTIONS FOR • : ' WHITE BAY. .1 • .-'•-I ' Thin is a large umi extensive arm of the sen, bein^ at its entrance, from Cupe Partridge to Cat Head, lull 4 ku^ues wide, and running in u S. Westerly dirtction, about 14 leagues, to its head ; where it is con- tracted to a river's mouth I4 mile wide. In this buy or gull' are several islands, coves, and inlets, ali'ording both anchorage and shelter ; the firot is Lobster Harbour, which is a small round harbour, with u ■hallow narrow entrance, having ut low water, in some places, not above 8 or 9 feet water; but when you are once entered, you will have 13 and 13 fathoms all over the harbour. Small vessels, therefore, sail in, commonly, at the flood tides. Southward A UM lies about 8 miles from Lobster Harbour, and further up the bay ; here a ship may anchor with ^reat safety, in I7 fathoms water, about 3 miles within the heads ; but there is also good anchorage in any part below this^, and befoie you are advanced so far up, in 30 and 35 fathoms ; u little above the inner point, on the north- ern side, is a muscle bank, which stretches quite acioss the arm, and nearly dries at low water; and when you have passed this you will have 11 and 13 fathoms water, and the channel continues deep until you approach the River's Head. This is the Brst great inlet on this side of the gulf, and may, therefore, be readily recognized. ' •.. Middle Arm lies about ll mile S.W. from the Southward Arm ; , at its entrance is a rocky island, which is joined to the shor^' by a hhoal, over which are I, 3, and, in some places, 3 fathoms water. This iulet runs in to the southward, about 3 or 4 miles. To enter it, you will do well in keeping the larboard shore on board : it is fitted only for small vessels. Two leagues W. by S. from Middle Arm, is Hawling Point; and between them lie the Pigeon Islands, about \vhich the ground is good for fishing. Westward Arm lies E.S.E. | S. of Hawling Point, and runs up nearly 4 miles ; here large vessels may anch'.M- in 18 fathoms water; there is u cove on each side of its entrance ; tStat to the N. Eastward is named Bear Cove, where smaller vessels may moor securely, and ride safe from all winds, in about 13 fathoms water; the other is culled Wild Cove, a very indifferent anchorage, open to the N. Westerly winds, and the bottom rocky and foul. PuRWicK Cove. — About 5 lei»gues down from the River's Head, and neur the S.E. side of the Bay, lies Grunby's or Mid Bay Islund, without either cove or pluce of shelter ; on the S. Eastern part of this island is a shoal running off the length of 3 cables, with not mure than 9 feet water over it; and nearly abreast of this island, on the S.E. side of White Bay, is Purwick Cove, where shipping may find sofe ai'vehorage, and lie with good conveniences for the fisheries. '*^ M Huving passed to the southward of Granby's Inland, the bay nur. rows and runs tip about 5 leagues towards Gold Cuve; where the river branches out into several streams; and is commonly culled the River's Head. , ./. SOP'S A RM. — On returning up the western side of White Bay, you will perceive Sop's Island, about 3 miles in length, and 1 1 miles in circuit ; near its southern end is Goat's Islund ; these form u long passage, or urm, culled Sop's Ann; ut the northern purt of which a vessel muy safely unchor, just inside the north side of Sop's Island ; \« THE ISLAND OF NEVVFOL \Nl>. this will be the best fcitle of the ohunnul or pas^iiKt mto tHe arm ; but there is unchornge in deep water between Soi*'!* K ml ^nd t'** (iiMin* before you reueh ho fur up as Goat's l«linid : there also a sn 1 1 cove at the north end of the island, culled Sop's Cove ; \ twooth coven opposite the main, culled Hart's Coves, in all which the (IsherKS h:** curried on, although shifis generally anchor in the upper part of tin arm, and within side of Goat's Island. Jackson's A km lies about 4 or 5 miles to the northward of SopV Island, to enter which you will pass a ragged point, low and round : the water here is deep, except in a small cove on the starboard side* where a vessel should moor head and siern : this place affords the largest timber in White's Bay. Frenchman's or French Cove, is about a league to the northward of Jackson's Arm, and offers good and safe unchoruge. * ! Four miles to the N. Eastward of Frenchman's Cove, is Coney Arm Head, the most remarkable land on the western side of White Bay, and bears W.N.W | W. distant G leagues from Cape Partridge; the land here projects out 1^ mile, formmg n deep i>)^ht, culled Great Coney Arm. In this place there is no good shelter for shipping; but in Little Coney Arm, which lies to the westward of the head, is con- venient anchorage for small vessels, although its entrance is too shal- low for large ships; here fishing craft frequently rendezvous. About^S miles to the north eastward of Coney Arm Head, lies the Great Cut Arm, and 5 miles further is Little Cut Arm ; this latter inlet runs up to the westward full 2 miles; off its northern point are some rocks above water, to avoid which, keep nearer to the southern shore ; you will find the water deep, and no good shelter, unless you approach the head or further end of the arm, where you will lie secure and land-locked. < . -l Little Harbour Deep, or La Vache. — This place is much ex- posed to south easterly winds, and by no means a good harbour; off its northern point are some rocks, which are always above water ; they lie half a mile from the shore, and afford good fishing about their environs ; the water is not very deep in any part of this inlet, and when you get up half way from the entrance to the head, or further end, it becomes quite shoal. - •*- '•( >/■> • h » Grandfather's Cove, or i/Ance l'Union, is an inlet about 2 miles deep, lying 1| mile from Little Harbour Deep; this is also o|>ento the southerly winds ; and may be known, when near the shore, by the northern point appearing like an island, and bearing N.N.W. I N. from Cape Partridge; it is but an indifferent place for shipping, and seldom frequented. ORANGE BAY,: or GREAT HARBOUR DEEP. — This may be known from* any other inlet, by the land at its entrance being much lower than any land on the north side of White's Bay, and by its bearing north, distant 5 leagues from Cape Partridge ; it forms a large harbour, and when you get about 3 miles within its entrance, divides into three branches ; in the northern arm the water is too deep for vessels to anchor, until they have run up near the head ; but the middle arm has a good bottom, and safe anchorage in 6 and 7 fathoms water. A little within the entrance of Orange Bay, there is a cove on each side frequented by the fishing vessels ; but these are very dan- gerous for a ship to lie in, for although they moor head and stern, yet 30 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR should a gnle come on from the eastwurd, there ih little Hufety to be depended U|)on. FoucHB'B in little frequented, and there is no anchorage until you approach its further end, where you will find u cove on th«t northern side : this cove is 4 or 3 miles above the entrance, and very Hmall ves* sell may anchor there in 18 fathoms, mooring hend and itttrn. The land on both sides is extremely high and steep to the tthore ; there i% also another arm running in above 2 miles further than the cove, but it is to narrow, aiul has such a depth of water, that it is almost useless to shipping. HoupiNo Harbour. — About 8 miles to the noith-euttward of Fouchee, and a little to the S. Westward of Canada Head, lie8 the entrance to Hooping Harbour, or Sans Fond : it has two arms or bays, the one running up northward, the other westerly ; like mimy of the adjacent inlets, there is deep water all the way until you get neari to the head of the northern branch, there the bottom is » kind of loose sand, open to the southerly winds, and by no means a safe place to lie in; but in the western arm, a vessel may anchor in a moderate depth with safety. CANADA BAY.— Canada Hrad lies about 3 miles to the south-westward of Canada Point, or Bide's Head; it is elevated land, and very easily to be distinguished either from the northward or south- ward, but when you are directly to the eastward of it, it becomes hidden by the high land up the country, commonly called the chouds. The Bay is of considerable size and extent ; from Canada Head, its southern entrance, it runs N.N. Easterly full 5 leagues; here vessels caught in easterly gales may seek shelter, and ancnor in safety : in entering, when you get above thetuo rocky islets which lie near Bide*8 Head, and called the Cross Islands, you will see a low white point, and another low black one a little beyond it ; off this latter, distant 2 rabies* lengths, lies a sunken rock ; keep therefore towards the mid> die of the Bay, and you will Hnd no danger, except a rock above water, which lies about a mile below the point of the narrows ; this you will endeavour to leave on your larboard hand, keeping mid-channel, and you will have 18 fathoms thiough the narrowest part. Soon after you have passed the narrows, the bay widens, and is above a mile across, and you may then anchor in from 18 to 20 fathoms, good hold- ing ground, and secure from all winds; but this bay is not much frequented, and only occasionally reported to in case of necessity. Engle'b Harbour is situated on the north side of Canada Bay ; to sail into this place you mu&t pass a low point, appearing white, and forming the northern point of entrance to Canada Bay ; then keep near the shore, until you get abreast of the next point, which makes the harbour ; haul round it to the S.E. taking care not to come too near the point, for it shoals a full cable's length off; having ^o far advanced you can anchor in from 15 to 7 fathoms, good nolding ground; but this is well up the cove, which is too small to lie in, unless you moor head and stern, lu Bide's Arm, which runs up N.N.E from Englee, almost 2 leagues, there is no good anchorage, the water being too deep ; but within the south end of Englee [slan(l is a good harbour for shallops, although from thence to where the ships liethete is no channel, even for boats, unless at high water, or beyond hall-tide. THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 97 Conch IlARBOt'R heiirs neurly E.N (liiitant K'H very open 7 or 8 milm Jay ; to and 11 keep makes me too feo far lolding lie ID, ns up horage, Ulaml e ships leyoiid from the eiitruiice of Canada Bay ; it lies very open to the winds from the south* but has ^ond ouchorage well up to the head, in 1 1 fathoms Mater, ^;ood holdm^ ^rouud. S. by W. from Couch, distant 2 leagues, is Hilliard*8 Harbour, (alleeastern side lies Green Island, a small rocky islet, and to the southward a bunk of soundings extends with 12, 20, 25, and 30 fathoms ; there are some rocks, both above and under water, at the S. point of Belle Isle, but these lie close in to the land. GKOAIS ISLAND.— This lies to the north-eastward of Belle Isle, and is about 8 miles in lengtli, and 2^ miles broad ; its northern point lying in latitude 5 |o. Off this end, and also off tne N.W. part of the island, are several rocks above water; otherwise this iHland is bold all round,and between it and the main are from 20 to 70 fathoms water; there are also two islets mid-wuy ; the southern one is com- monly called Ked Island, they are both steep-to, and without any known danger. Croqub Harbour bears N.W. from Groais, distant 3 leagues; the entrance is half a mile wide, and somewhat ditticult to discover. When the north point of Belle Isle is clear of the southern part of Groais, you will be a little to the southward of Croque, and this mark will not fail pointing out to those unacquainted with this navigation, the fair way to its entrance ; especially as the head-land forming the southern shore is bare of trees, and has a round appearance, with some rock? which are always visible, and tie about 4,^) ysirds to the S.E. of it. T\re shores of the harbour are bold-to, and even a frigate may easily work into it ; the anchorage is excellent, being good holding ground, of dark slate coloured mud. Having opened the harbour's mouth, steer in N.W. by N. proceed mid-channel, and when you have advanced up about a mile, you will see the river divide into two branches, anch'or hereabout. Water and wood can he obtained from either side of the northern branch ; or, by running up your boat to the further end of the other arm, you may furnish yourself with both theme articles. The land here is covered with the dwarf pine, which isindi. genous to the country ; the soil appears to have been composed from rotteii and decayed leaves ; it iij wet and spongy, and the trees do not rJ 38 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR uttuin nny grtat dimeusions, tlie lartjest heing not more limn a foot und a half in diuinetiT, and the wood, when full grown, not good. There is a little cove jit the southern entrance, railed Irish Bay, in which are 13, 10, 8, and 5 fathoms ; and two rocks above water at the head of the bay, near which is a little rivulet of fresh water. North-eastward of the Island of Croque lie Negro and St. Julien's Islands, near which are the Harbours of Great and Little St. Jnlien, and also that of Grandsway : these are all adjacent to the Island of St. Julien, and hear to the north-westward of tjie northern part of the Island of Groais. The S.VV. end of the Island of St. Julien is but little separated from the main, and cannot be distinguished to be an island, until you arrive very near it ; there is at this end no passage, except for boats ; therefore, to sail into either of these harbours, you may keep close to the north-east end of the island ; and in passing that, the harbours will open to your view. Great St. Jumen is the easternmost harbour, to which there is no danger until yon get within the entrance; then you will find the star- board shore to be shoal, nearly one-third over; but when you have passed the first stages, you may anchor in from 8 to 4 fathoms water. To sail into Little St. Jnlien you will first steer for Great St, Julien*8 Harbour, in order to clear a sunken rock, which lies directly before the harbour's mouth ; and having arrived opposite the entrance of Grandsway, steer into the harbour and anchor in 5 or 4 fathoms water. It will be requisite for all siiips which go into either of these harbours to moor both head and stern ; but Grandsway is not a har- bour for shipping, although it is extremely convenient for fishing craft. Harr Bay is supposed to afford many places of excellent anchor- ages, and good fishing conveniences ; the shore clear of dangers unless close to the land, with the exception of the Braha Shoal, lying about 4§ miles from the land, opposite to a bay of the same name ; it is small, and, in bad weather, the sea breaks violently over it. ST. LUNAIRE.— At the southern point of the entrance of St. Lunaire lie two islands, between which there is but a narrow boat passage : the only channel for ships is to the northward of them : it is almost half a mile wide, and both shores bold-to ; having entered between the points of the bay, you will perceive some small rocky islets a-head of you, there is a passage on either side of these, but none between, for they are connected by a rocky reef of shallow water ; you will, therefore, steer to the northward of them all ; and on the northern shore you will see Amelia Harbour, where, within Red Island, you may anchor in 1.5 fathoms, or further in, and nearer the head of the bay, in less water ; the starboard side of this bay is rocky, and it is sheltered from the westward by some high islands, but toward the top of the bay is a sandy beach, where some small brooks empty them- selves. To the northward of High Island is a sandy cove, having some little islets within it; but the depth is shallow, and there is a knowl of 3 fathoms lying before its entrance. To the westward is an opening, railed N.W. Bay, the land on both sides being high, and the passage into it clear of danger ; but its further end becomes suddenly very shallow ; there is also another narrow entrance to the N.W. Bay, behind a high island, which forms its southern boundary ; but this is THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 39 rocky, and fit only for bouts. Between this high island and the two islands at the entrance of Lunaire Bay, is a wide space with very good anchorage, in 15, 18, or 20 fiilhoms wuter ; here vessels may lie secure from south-easterly gates; but in going to it you must avoid a rock of only 10 feet water : this rock lies to the westward of Plate Island about a quarter of a mile, and exactly the same distance fi'om the easteru point of the high island which forms the southern boundary to N. W. Bay. There is also an opening to the southward, called S.VV. Bny ; it has not been explored, but its entrance appears to be clear of danger, and has a depth of d> 8* and 7 fathoms ; the shores on each side are rocky. Griouet Bay is formed by Stormy Cape to the northward, and White Cape to the southward, having several good coves or harbours for shipping engaged in the fisheries. In this bay lies Camel's Island, fifing up in the middle like the hump of a camel, and scarcely to be distinguished from the main land in sailing along. Behind this Island is situated the S.W. Harbour ; a narrow channel, running in uearly S miles, with from 4 to 10 fathoms water in it ; there is a shoal at its entrance; but this place is not sufficiently known for us to attempt giving directions for its navigation. The North Harbour runs in within Stormy Cape ; and has, at its entrance, a rock abov^ water, which is bold-to all round, and vessels may sail on either side of it, and anchor in 6 fiithoms water. In the passage which leads to the N.W. and S.W. Harbours, there is an island which contracts the channel, rendering tlie passages nar- row ;tthe best and safest entrance is to the northward of this island, giving the outer point of the N.W. Harbour a little berth, and so soon us you get within the island you will open both harbours; that which runs in N. Westward is the larger of the twu, and is 2 miles deep ; you should sail up on its western side, having 14, l6, and 18 fathoms, until you get inside the point, a little within which is a bank of 7 or 8 fathoms, but when you have passed over this, you will again drop into l6 and 17 fathoms; and as you approach the head of the Bay you will lessen your water to 7» 0, and 5 fathoms, every where good anchorage, and well sheltered from all winds. The two islands of Griguet lie outside of Camel's Island, and, together, form between them several small but snu;; harbours for fishing; vessels. White Islands. — The White Islands lie to the north-eastward of Stormy Cape, from which they are distant 1 league, and about 2^ miles from the shore opposite ; they are small, of moderate height, and have several rocks inside both above and underwater, but these are not considered 'to be dangerous, ns they are easily discoverable even in^fine weather, and the passage between them and the main is very safe. QUI UPON ISLAND.— This lies off the norlh-eastern part of Newfoundland, and forms the S.E. point of entrance to the Strait of Belle Isle: it is large, high, and burrtu, and Cape Degrat is visible, in clear weather, full 12 leagues to seaward. There is a narrow channel which runs in to the southward of Quir- pon, and divides it from the main ; here lies Little Quirpon Harbour, to enter which there is no danger but what you will easily perceive ; vessels commonly moor head and stern, and lie there perfectly secure. Degbat and Pigeok Coves li« on the eastern side of Quirpon r SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR !■;■!.! Island, and to the northward of Cape Degrnt ; at their entrance are several small locky isilets and rocku above wuter, iifforditi^ hehind them very fair security for shipping, in 4 fathoms water, and good conveniences for fishing. Bauld Cape, which is the northern extremity of Quirpon Island, lies in latitude 5\^ 39^5'^ N. and in longitude 55o 'il/SO'i W. ; it is rocky and steep-to, and may be approached very near witli great safety; having rounded this cape you v/ill perceive a rocky point to the southward leading to the Harbour of Quirpon, which lies on the N.W. side of the i;»land, and its entra; ce is between it and Grave's Island ; in your approach towards it from the northward you may borrow as close as you please to Bauld Head, there being no invisible danger until you arrive at the entrance to the harbour, where there are some shoals which must be left on your larboard side : to do this keep Black Head, on Quirpon Island, open of all the other land, until Raven Point comes over Noddy Point, then haul in for the harbour, going not nearer than the distance of half a cable's length from the point of Grave's Island ; the anchorage within the island is every where good, with room and depth enough for any ships, and the ground holds well. The best place to ride in will be towards the upper end of Grave's Island, abreast of Green Island, in 9 fathoms water ; the passage to the Inner Harbour, on either side of Green Island, is very good for ships of moderate water, through which you will have 3 fathoms, and above Green Island you have excellent riding in 7 fathoms. There is also a passage to this harbour through Little Quirpon Harbour, but it is too narrow and intricate for any one to attempt, unless they are perfectly acquainted with the navigation. In and about Quirpon are c'bnve. niences for a great number of vessels employed in the fisheries, and good fishing throughout; the land every where is high and wears a barren appearance. Noddy Harbour lies a little to the westward of Quirpon Har- bour, and runs in between Noddy Point and Cape Raven ; there is no danger in entering, and you will pass to the starboard of the little island that lies about a mile within the entrance, and anchor above it in 5 fathoms water; or you may, with a small vessel, run further up into the bason, and anchor in 24 or 3 fathoms ; here is a stage within the island, and on the eastern side of the harbour, with convenient room for many vessels. The Gull Rock lies W.N.W from Bauld Cape in the Island of Quirpon, distant 2| miles; and N.N.E. f E. nearly 3 miles from Cape Raven ; it is always above water. Maria's Ledge lies nearly S.W. from the Gull Rock, distant 9 miles, and N. by E. l| mile from Cape Raven, being distant about a mile from Maria's Head. In standing in from the northward you need not fear any danger from the Gull or Maria's Rocks, for both are above water, the passage between them is half a league wide, and very safe ; it will however be prudent to pass nearer the Gull Rock, because of the N.W. Ledge, which never appears but in bad weather; thifi N.W. Ledge bears west a little south, distant if of a mile from the Gull Rock, and you should not attempt the passage between it and the main, on account of other rocks that are said to lie about, and places of shallow water. Great Sacred Island lies about N.W. by W. \ W. from Bauld THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 41 •ies, and wears u Cupe, distant 5| miles, and S.E. by E. 4 E. from Cape Norman nearly 13 miles. Little Sacred Island is I mile to the southward of the great island, the passage l)etween them is safe, and you may sail round both, for they are hig and bold ; within them, on the main, and to the W.S. Westward, is Sucred Bay, tolerably large, with numerous rocky islets within it : the shores of this place abound with wood, and, therefore, it is much resoried to for the use of the fisheries atQuirpon and Griguet, &e. HA-HA BAY. — Ca|)e Onion forms the north point of Sacred Bay, being hi^h and steep, near it is a remarkable rock, called the Mewstone, and much resembling that in Plymouth Sound. There is a little cove to the southward of this rock, where a vessel may occasionally resort to with safety. From Cape Onion to Burnt Cape the course is VV. | N. about 6 miles, it has a white appearance, and rises from the seaward to a con- siderable height. On the eastern side of Burnt Cape is Ha-ha Bay, which runs in southerly about 2 miles, it lies open to northerly winds, but when you are within the cape you will find anchorage in 6 or 7 fatiioms, or you can go further up and ride well sheltered in 3 or 9^ fathoms. This is a convenient place for the fisheries and has plenty of wood. PISTOLET BAY.— This b:»y lies between Burnt Cape and the Norman Ledges, which bear from each other N.W. by N. and S.E. by S. distant 8 miles ; the bay is extensive, and reaches several miles each way, having good anchoring ground in most parts, particulaHy on the western side, u little above the islands, in about 5 fathoms water; the shore is tolerably well furnished with wood, and contributes to supply those places which are destitute of that article. Cook's Harbour lies in the N.W. part of Pistolet Bay, and within the islands, about 2 miles above Norman Ledge Point. These ledges are about 1 mile to the eastward of the north point : to clear these dan- gers as you inter, be sure to keep Burnt Cape well open of the outer rocks, that lie ofl^' the islands at the western entrance to Pistolet Har- bour, and if going in, so soon as you consider yourself to be to the south- ward of these ledges, steer in for the harbour, leaving the inlands and rocks on your larboard side ; keep the southern shore on board, for fear of a ledge of rocks that juts out from a little rocky island on the other side ; and so soon as you get within the island, haul over for the northern shore, and anchor in 4 or 5 fathoms water. BELLE ISLE. — Tins island, which liesat the entrance of the strait to which it communicates its name, should be called the Northern Belle Isle, to distinguish it from those we have already described, lying to the southward ; it is about 8 miles long and 3 broad, or 7 leagues in circumference, being distant from Bauld Head in Quirpon Island about 14 miles, and from the coast of Labradore 12 miles ; it is mode- rately high, and wears an uniform sterile appearance. On its N. Western shore, there is a small harbour called Lark Cove or Harbour, lying within an island almost close to the land, and fit only for small craft ; and at the eastern side of the island is another cove called Bat- teaux Creek, frequented occasionally by shallops. About 2 miles to the north-eastward ol' this island lies a ledge of rocks, part of which appear above water, and over these the sea breaks very high ; this is called the N. £. Ledge, you will have 15 and 20 fathoms close to it, and 5d between it and the north part of the island. The soundings F 4d SAILING DIKECTIONS FOK ■'' about this Belle Isle ore very irregular ; near the island you will seldom find less than 20 fathoms, except on a bmall bunk, said to lie to the northward, distimt 4 miles from its N. Eastern part, whereon is only 5 fathoms. The northern part of this inland is said to lie in about the latitudeof 51" 57' N. Cape Norman is the northernmost point of Newfoundland, being of a moderate even height, and very barren appearance, which con- tinues far inland ; it is about a league to tlie N. Westward of the ledges : from Cape Norman the shores of Newfoundland turn S. Westerly, and will be described hereafter. SECT. II.— SOUTH COAST of NEWFOUNDLAND PLACENTIA BAY. The highest entrance into Placentia Bay is formed by Cape Chapeau Rouge on the west side, and Cape St. Mary on the east sitle, they bear E.S.E. and N.N.W. from each other, distant about l6^ leagues. Cai*e Chapeau Uouge, or the Mountain of the Red Hat, is the ttnd most reroarkuble land on that part of the coast ; it appears above the rest somewhat like the crown of a hat> and, in clear weather, may be seen 1 1 or 12 leagues. GREAT AND LITTLEST. LAURENCE.— These harbours lie close to the eastward of Cape Chapeau Rouge. To sail into the former, which is the westernmost, you should be careful with westerly, and particularly with S.W. winds, not to come too near the Hat Mountain, in order to avoid the flurries and eddy winds under the high land. There is no danger but what lies very near the shore, and the course in is first N.N.W. till you open the upper part of the harbour, then N. ^ W. to the head of it. The best place for great sliips to anchor is before a cove on the east side of the harbour, a little above Blue Beach point, which is the Brst point on the west side ; where you may lie in 12 or 13 fathoms water on good ground, only two points open. There is also anchorage any where between this point and the point of Low Beach on the same side near the head of the harbour, observing, that the ground near the west shore is not so good as the ground on the other side. Fishing vessels lie at the head of the har- bour above the beach, sheltered from all winds. Little St. Laurence is about a mile to the eastward of Great St. Laurence. To sail into it you should keep the west shore on board, in order to avoid a sunken rock which lies a little without the point of the Peninsula, which stretches off from the east side of the harbour. The best anchorage is in 3 or 4 fathoms water, on a fine sandy bottom, above the Peninsula, which shelters you from all winds ; there is also anchorage without the Peninsula in 12 or 14 fathoms, on good ground, but entirely open to the S.S.E. winds. In these harbours are good fishing conveniences, and plenty of wood and water. Garden Bank, on which there are from 7 to 17 fathoms water, lies about two-thirds of a mile off the entrance of Little St. Laurence. THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 43 seldom e to the s only 5 lout the 1, being ch con- of the turn S. .AND !!)hapeau ley bear es. it, is the oast ; it in clear larbours into the vesterly, the Hat lehigh ind the )arbour, lips to above Here you points and the larbour, as the the har- reat St. board, point of tarbour. lottom, is also round, re good s water, lurence. Blue- Beach Point on wiih the east point of Great St. Laurence, is a mark for it. Sauker Head is a high hill in shape of a sugar loaf, off which lie some sunken rocks, about a cable's length from the shore ; it lies 3| miles E. ^ N. from Cape Cliapeau Rouge; and from Sauker Head to Small Point, which is the lowest land hereabout, the course is £. I N. and the distance 2 miles. From Small Point to Corbin Head, which is very high bluff land, the course is N.E. and the distance 2^ miles. CORBIN HARBOUR, which is tolerable good for small vessels, lies 1 mile to the northward of Corbin Head. The best anchorage is in the north arm, at about half a mile within the entrance, opposite a cove on the starboard side. Vessels bound for this harbour must be careful to avoid a small shoal with only 2 fathoms water on it, which lies near a quarter of u mile to the eastward of the*south point of the entrance into the harbour. There is another rock, called Old Harry, which lies east about a quarter of a mile from the north point of the entrance of the harbour, on which the sea almost always breaks, not having depth sufficient at low water for a bout to go over it. Corbin Island lies 2 miles from Corbin Head, and I mile farther on the same course lies Little Burin Island ; the former island has very much the appearance of Cliapeau Rouge, when coming in with the land in hazy weather. These islands are both high, and are little more than a cable's length from the main ; but there is a depth of from 7 to 14 fathoms, and i>hips which may fall in here in a fog may occa- sionally sail within them, as there is no danger but what can be seen. From Corbin Head to Cat Uland, the course is E.N.E. 3| miles; this is a high round island, which lies near the south end of Great Burin Island. Great Burin Island lies nearly north and south, it is nearly 3 miles in length, and high land ; near its north end is another high island, about three quarters of a mile in length, called Pardy's Island ; within these islands on the main lie the harbours of Great and Little Burin. BURIN BAY lies 1 mile N.N.E. of Little Burin Island : in this bay are two islands, one of which is low and barren, and called Poor Island, the other is high and woody, and lies before the mouth of Burin Inlet, which runs up to the northward 5i miles. Vessels may pass on either side of this island up the inlet; a little within the en- trance on the east side, at about one-third of a cable's length from the shore, is a rock covered at three-quarter flood, to avoid which, edge over toward the west shore as soon as you are within the woody island. There is another rock near the middle, about l| mile from the entrance, to the westward of which is very good anchorage, in from 7 to 15 fathoms water ; above which 2 miles,, there are from 15 to 32 fathoms, and thence to the head from 10 to 5 fathoms. Shalloway Island lies N.N.W. ^ W. nearly a mile from Cat Island, and N.E. by E. 1^ mile from Little Burin Island. The south-west entrance into Great Burin Harbour is formed by Shalloway Island and the Neck Point, and is full a quarter of a mile wide. The course in from Burin Bay is about E. ^ N. and by giving Poor Island on the larboard side a berth you will avoid all danger. When you are past the points which form the entrance, the course up 44 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR the harbour, which is nearly one-thinl of a mile wide, is N.N.E. 14 mile, up to Ship Cove, where it is full half a mile wide every way, and in which is the best anchontiie. Vessels may also anchor in safety between Shalloway Island and Great Burin Island, pointed out by an anchor in the chart, in from 12 to 18 fathoms watur. There are only two dangers within Great Burin Harbour, which do not appear above water ; the tirst is a sunken rock on the eastern shore, about half way up the harbour, and at about half n cable's length directly oflF a remarkable hole in the cliflf on that shore, called the Oven ; there is also directly opposite, on the western shore, a remark- able gulley in the land, from the top to the bottom. By keepiug Little Burin Island shut in with Neck Point, you will go clear to the westward of it. I'he other rock has only 24 fathoms on it, and lies a large cable's length to the southward of Harbour Point, which is low and green, and is joined to Great Burin Island by a long narrow sandy neck. The Harbour of Little Burin lies half a mile to the north- ward of Ship Cove, and is an excellent harbour, having from 8 to 10 fathoms water, good bottom. The passage into it is narrow, but safe, lying between two islands, there being no danger but within 30 or 40 yards of the small low island, which you leave on your starboard hand going in. The Eastern Passage into Burin Harbours is not very safe to sail in through without a commanding gale, and that between the N.N.E. and S.E. In coming from the southward, steer such course as will carry you a mile to the eastward of Iron Island, in order to avoid the White Horse Bank, on which the sea breaks in blowing weather, but on which thore is water snflicient for any ship, and when the north point of Pardy's Island comes open to the northward of Iron Island, you may steer right in for it, leaving Iron Island on your larboard side, and you will avoid all danger. It is necessary to observe, that with the afore-mentioned winds there is commonly a great swell setting toward the shore on the starboard side going in : therefore, in case of little winds, (which often happens when you are past Iron Island,) endeavour to borrow on Pardy's Island, except the wind be from theN.E. Iron Island is a small high island, lying N.E ^ E. one league from the S.E. point of Great Burin Island^ and E.S.E. 1^ mile from the north part of Pardy's Island. Vessels bound for the harbours of Burin may pass on either side of Iron Island, the only danger passing to the northward is the Brandy's, which almost always break ; they lie near a quarter of a mile to southward of a low rock above water, close under the land of Mortier West-head ; if the wind should take you a head after you are within Iron Island, take care to keep Mortier West-head open to the westward of Iron Island, in order to avoid Gregory's Rock, on which is only 2 fathoms water. The marks to carry you on this rock is to bring the Flag-stafF on St. George's Island, in the centre of the passage, between Great Burin and Pardy's Islands, and Mortier West-head on with the west side of Iron Island ; this rock almost always breaks ; vessels may pass with safety between this rock and Iron Island, taking care to give Iron Island a berth of one cable's length. Galloping Andrew. — On the main within Pardy's Island, are THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 45 two rdnnrkuhle wliite marks in the rocks ; the northtrnmost of these marks brought on with the north part of Fiirciy's Islund und MortiiT West-heud, open to the t-astwani of Iron Island, hearing N.E. i N. will lead on the Galloping Andrew, a shoal on which ia 5 fathoms water. The White Horse, a shoal on which is 8 fathoms water, lies S.S.W. I mile froYn Iron Uland. The northernmost of the before- mentioned white marks just open of the south end of Iron Island will lead on it. Dodding Rock lies about a quarter of a mile from the easternmost part of Great Hurin Island. MoRTiER Bank lies S.E. by E. 2 leagues from Iron Ishmd, and S.W. ^ W. 5 leagues from Cape Judas, the shoal pait of this bank is about I league over. On it I had not less than 7 fathoms water, but by the fishermen's account, there is not more than 4 fathoms on one part of it ; in bad weather the sea breaks very high on it. Little Mortier Bay. — About a njile westward from Mortier West-head is Little Mortier Bay. On the west side, near the entraiue, lies a small round island, called Mortier Island. Close to the Hrst point, beyond this island on the same side, is another small island, and about a cable's length and a half from this island, in a line for Mortier Island, is a sunken rock, on which the sea breaks in had weather. At the bottom of the bay, on the east side, lies Fox Cove, in which is very good anchorage in 9 fathoms water, abreast of a cove on the starboard side. The harbour of Little Mortier lies on the west side, is a tolerable good harbour for small vessels, but they must moor to the shore: in the entrance you have 7 fathoms water, but only 2 in the harbour : oft* the starboard point going in, is a rock which is covered at high water. Croney Island lies about 1^ mile N. Eastward of Mortier East Point ; it is a high round island, and lies close to the shore. MOKTIER BAY.— Two miles and a half from Croney Island is the entrance into Mortier Bay, and on the west side of the entrance is a small harbour, called Boboy, in which there is only 9 feet water at low water. The course into Mortier Bay is north for about 2 miles, and is ihrte quarteis of a mile wide, in which you have from 50 to 70 fathoms water, the land on each side being hi^h ; it then runs to the westward about 2 miles, and is near 2 miles wide. In the S.W. corner of the bay is a river, which runs to the S.W. about 54 miles. On the east side, at about 3 miles from the entrance, is an exceeding good harbour, called Spanish Room, in which you may anchor in from 4 to 6 fathoms water, good bottom, and lie secure from all winds. There is not the least danger in sailing into this harbour, giving the low rocks above water at the entrance on the larboard hand a berth of one cable's length. Rock Harbour lies 2 miles to the E.N.E. of the entrance into Mortier Bay* it is tit only for boats, by reason of the infinite number of rocks in it, both above and under water. John the Bay. — From Mortier East Point to John the Bay Point, the course is N.E. ^ E. distant 8 miles ; between John the Bay Point and Rock Harbour, lie two sunken rocks, half a mile from the shore. Two miles to the N.N.W. of John the Bay Point lies John the Bay, in which is tolerable good anchorage in about 8 fathoms water* with sandy bottom. The Saddle Back is a small island lying E.N.E. 8 leagues from 46 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR llli Corbin Heud, E. by N. 16 miles from Mortier West Point, and E.S.E. ^ E. 3 leagues from Jolin the Bay Point: between it and the main ure a great number of rocks und Iblands, wliicli render this part of the coast very dangerous : there is a chain uf rocks lying 1^ mile to the N.E. by E. of the Saddle-back. Cape Juj)AS is an island alxiut 2 miles and a third in length, und 1^ mile in breadth ; it lies l| mile to the N. of the Saddle-buck ; on the south end of it is a remarkable round hdi, which is culled the cape. Between this island and the main are a cluster of islands and low rocks, with a ^reat number of sunken rocks about them, called the Flat Islands, the innermost of which tics about 1 mile from the main. AUDIERNE ISLAND. — Avdierne Island lies half a mile to tlie [northward of Cape Judas, on the west side of which is a tolerable good harbour; vessels bound for this harbour may pass between Cape Judas and Audierne Island, and between Crow and Patrick's Island, which are two small islands lying off the S.W. point of Audierne Island ; about one cable's length from Audierne Island, to the south- ward of the harbour, is a sunken rock; the mark for avoiding it in commg from the southward is, not to haul in for the harbour till you open a remarkable green point on the south side of the harbour ; the best anchorage is on the north shore, just within a small island. I'here is a spit of rocks stretches otf the Green Point on the south shore, which are covered at high water. Off the east point of Audierne Island is a small island, called Ford's Island ; on the west bide of which is a sunken rock, about one cable's length from the island, and another on the east side, both of which almost always break. Broad Cove lies on the main W.N.W. 5^ miles from Ford's Island ; in this cove is exceeding good anchorage, in B or 9 fathoms water. Cross Island lies 2| mites to the N.N.W. of Ford's Island, is about S^ miles in length, and 1 mile in breadth, is high woody land : between this island and the main are several other islands. Bane Harbour lies on the main within these islands, is an exceeding good harbour for small vessels ; the passage into it is very narrow, and hath in it 2 fathoms water : but when in, there is sufficient room to moor in 3 fathoms, good bottom. Boat Harbour lies about ] mile to the northward of Cross Island, and runs up N.E. 1 league, with deep water to about half a mile of the head ; close round the eastern point of Boat Harbour lies Bay de Leau, which runs in N.E. 4 E. better than u league. Long Island is 3f miles long, and half a mile broad ; is high land, making in several peeks; tlie south point of it ties N.E. by £ 2 leagues from the Saddle-back, and S. £. by E. 3 miles from Ford's Island. N.N.W. 2 miles from the south point of Long Island, and E. by N. 1| mile from Ford's Island, lies a small Green Island, which has a shoal all round, near one cable's length. GREAT GALLOWS HARBOUR. — From Green Island N.N.W. 2 miles and a half, and about 3 miles from Ford's Island, lies Great Gallows Harbour Island, which is a high land. Vessels may pass on either sidapf this island into Great Gallows Harbour, which THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 4^7 lint, and t and the this part 1| mile tgth, and luck ; on ailed the inds and n, called from the a mile to tolerable een Cape 's Island, Audierne he south- ling it in r till you tour ; the . There til shore, id, called tbout one ;, both of Ford's fathoms stand, is y land : Bane ig good ind hath moor in )f Cross It half a lour lies is high I' by E Ford's 1. by N. |h has a Island ind, lies ils may which . lies 1 mile to the N.E. of the island ; in this harbour is exceeding good anchorage in 7 fathoms water, on the starboard side, just within a low stony point, taking care to give the point a small berth, in order to avoid a rock which is covered at high water. Little Gallows Harbour lies close round to the eastward of Great Gallows Harbour, and is only Ht for small vessels, which must lay moored to the shore, above a rock which is above water, on the lar- board hand. Little Gallows Harbour Island lies before the mouth of the harbour. CAPE ROGER HARBOUR lies close to the westward of Cape Roger, which is a high round barren head, lying N. ~ E. 3^ miles from the south point of Long Island. There are several low rocks and islands lying off the east point of the entrance; in the harbour, \^ mile within the entrance on the west side, lies a small island, to the northward of which between it and the main is very good anchorage in 7 or 8 fathoms water; or you may run farther up, and anchor in 6 or 7 fathoms. One mile and a quarter to the eastward of Cape Roger Harbour lies Nonsuch ; there are several islands lying in the mouth of it, and no safe anchorage till you get within all of them. Petit Fort is a very good harbour, having in it from 14 to 7 fathoms water, good bottom ; the entrance into it is better tiian a quarter of a mile wide, and lieth N.E. 5 miles from the south point of Long Island, and N. by E. 2 miles from the north point of Long Island. There is not the least danger in sailing into this harbour; the best anchorage is on the starboard side. The S.E. winds heave in a great swell on the west shore when they blow hard. PARADISE SOU ND.—One mile to the eastward of Petit Fort lies the entrance into Paradise Sound, which runs up N.E. by E. 4^ leagues, and is about 1 mile broad ; in it is very deep water, and no safe anchorage till you get near the head of it. Just within the en- trance on the east side is a cove, in which are several rocks above water, and 10 fathoms water, but not safe to anchor in, the bottom being rocky. From Corbin Head to Marticot Island, the course is E.N.E. I E. 1 1^ leagues nearly ; this course will carry you just without the Saddle- back. Between Marticot and the main is Fox Island ; there is a safe passage for vessels between these islands, with not less than 9 fathoms water, but no passage between Fox Island and the main. On the main within Marticot Island lie the harbours of Great and Little Paradise. The harbour of Great Paradise is only fit for boats. The harbour of Little Paradise lies I mile to the northward of the east point of Marti- cot Island ; the only safe anchorage is in a cove at the head on the larboard side ; here they lie moored to the shore, and are entirely land- locked. La Perche. — One mile to the north-eastward of Little Paradise lieth La Perche, in which is no safe anchorage, the ground being bad, and lies entirely exposed to the south-east wiiid»i. Black Rock. — E. 2 miles from Marticot Island, is a rock above water, called the Black Rock ; and a quarter of a mile within this rock lieth a sunken rock. N.N.E. 2| miles from Black Rock lies Presque : in it is very deep water, but no safe passage into it by ;i i 41 SAILING DIKElCTIONS FOR reuson of u number of rocksf buth above and under water, lying before tlic? ffiitrftiic^ MEKASHEEN ISLAND.— E.S.E. 3 J miles from Fiesque, and E. by N. a leagues from the Saddle-back, lies the west point of Mera- sheen Isltuid ; this island is hi({h, and runs to the N.E. by E. better than 6 leagues, and is very narrow; the broadest part not being more than 2 miles. At the south pa*-t of the island, near the west eml, is a very good harbour, but small, in which is from 6 to 10 fathoms water. To sail into it, keep the starboard shore on board, in order to avoid a sunken rock that lies one cable's length off a ragged rocky point on the larboard hand going in. Indian Makboue lies on the east side of Merasheen Island, at about 10 miles from the south point : this hurliour is formed by a small island, on either side of which is a safe passage into it : the only anchorage is to the westward of the island, between it and the main, and here the ground is uncertain. The Little Isle of Valcn lies N. by E. 2 miles from the west point of Merasheen Island ; it is high and round, and lies within about half a mile of the main. One third of a mile from the Little Isle of Valen lies the Great Isle of Valen, on the S.E. part of which is a small harbour. Ci.ATiSE Harbour. — On the main, within the Great Isle of Valen, lies Clatise Harbour ; the entrance into it is about half a mile wide ; in it is 40 or 50 fathoms water. The best anchorage is in the west cove, which is 1 mile lung, but not a quarter of a mile broad ; in it is from 17 to 20 fathoms water, good bottom. Grammer's Rocks are low rocks al)ove water, and lie 1^ mile from the north end of the Great Isle of Valen. LITTLE SANDY HARBOUR.— This is a tolerable good har- bour ; in it you have 6 and 7 fathoms water, good bottom ; in the luoutii of which is a low rock above water. Vessels bound for the harbour must pass to the northward of this rock. This harbour may be known by the island called Bell Island, which lies S.E. | E. 1| mile from the mouth of it, and N.E. by N. 13 miles from the west point of Merasheen Island ; off the south point of the island is a re- markable rock, resembling a bell with the bottom upwards. GREAT SANDY HARBOUR lies I mile to the noriiiward of Little Sandy Harbour ; the passage into it is narrow, but in it you have 6 or 7 fathoms water * there are two arms in this harbour ; one running to the S.W. which almost dries at low water, the other run- ning to the N.E. in which is a tolerable good anchorage. There are several low rocks and islands lying before this harbour. Barren Island is about 3^ mdes long, and 1 mile broad ; is high land, and lieth better than 1 league from the north part of Merasheen Island, and about half a mile from the main. Un the east side of this island, near the south end, ia a cove, in which is tolerable good anchor- age in from 10 to l6 fathoms water. Along the west side of this island, between it and the main, is very good anchorage. On the main, opposite the north end of Barren Island, lies La Plant, a har- bour only tit for boats. From Barren Island, area string of inlands quite to Piper's Hole, which lies 3 leagues from the north part of Barren Island. These ig before que, and of Mero- H. better iiig more nul, is a lis water. 3 avoid a point ou sland, at ned by a the only he inuiiiy I point of ut half u of Valen s a small of Valen, lie wide ; the west ; in it is Locks are lid of the lood har- ; in the I for the our may .|E. li tlie west is u re- lliward of p it you Jiur ; one Iher run- ihere are is high lerasheen |e of this anehor- of this On the I, a har- I's Hole, These THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 4t iKlnnds are about half a mile from the main, having from 17 to 7 fathoms water, good anchorage all the way to Piper's Ilole. Cape St. Mary is the east point of the entrance into Placentia Bay ; it is a pretty high bluft' point, appearing somewhat like Cape St. Vincent, on the coast of Portugal ; a little to the northward of the cape is a small cove, where fishing shallops shelter from the easterly and southerly winds. The land from Cape St. Mury to Placentia is pretty hi^h and even; but over Placentia and to the northward of it, the land is very high and uneven, with many peaked hills. S.E. k E« 7h miles from the cape lie St. Mary's Keys, which nre two rocks just above water, and on which the sen almost always breaks. Bull and Cow Rocks area cluster of rocks above water, lying S.E. by S. 3 leagues from Cape St. Mary, about \^ mile from the main, and W.N.VV. 2 J miles from Point Lance, which is a low ragged point, and is the west point of the entrance into St. Mary's Bay : at about one-third of the distance from the main to the Bull and Cow Kocks is a sunken rock, which shows above water at half ebb. From Cape St. Mary to Point Breme, the course is N. by E. ^ E. 7\ miles. Virgin Rocks. — From Point Breme to the Vi rgin Rocks, the course is N.E. \ E. distance 11^ miles : these rocks show above water, and lie about 1 mile from the main. A little to the southward of these rocks there are some whiteish cliffs in the land, by which that part of the coast may be known, on falling in with it, in thick weather. PLACENTIA ROAD.— From the Virgin Rocks to Point Verd, the course is N.E. by E. ^ E. distance 5| miles : this is a low green point, and is the south point of the entrance into the Road of Placen- tia. To sail into the road coming from the southward, keep I league from the shore, in order to avoid the Gibraltar Rock, which lies W.S.W. from Point Verd, about 2j miles, with l6 feet water on it. Near li^e bottom of Placentia Road, on the north shore, at the top of a hill, stands a castle, which is distinguishable far outat sea. So soon as the castle comes open to the northward of Point Verd, you may haul in for the castle, taking care to give Point Verd a berth of near 2 cable's length ; and by keeping your lead going, you may borrow on the flat, which lies on the south shore, into the depth of 4 fathoms; the soundings throughout are gradual. The best anchorage in the road is under the castle hill, in about 6 fathoms water. The entrance into the harbour is very narrow ; in it you have 3 J fathoms water ; after you are within the narrows, it is about one-third of a mile broad, and about I^ mile long : here you may anchor in perfect safety, in 6 or 7 fathoms water. R,ED Island. — From Mortier-head to Red Island, the course is E. by N. i £. 12| leagues. Red Island is high barren land, about 4| miles long, and 2h miles broad; the south point lies N.N.W. 1 1 miles from Placentia Road. On the east side, near the north end, is a small harbour, which is only fit for shallops. Point Latin a lies about 5 miles to the northward of Placentia Road ; between these places the land is low, and even near the sea, but just within it high and ragged; there are several sunken rocks lying along the shore about half a mile off. Point Roche lies better than 1 mile to the eastward of Point Latina. There is a shoal stretches off Point Roche better than a quarter of a mile. LITTLE PLACENTIA HARBOUR.— S.S.E. | S. M mile G op SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR i from point Roche is the eutrmire into Little Phiceutia, whiili runs up W. ) S. uhout 1^ mile, und is near half u nnle hroud ; there is exceeding good anchorage in this harbour, in u cove on the north Mho re ; this cove may he known by the wtHt point being woudy, and the land to the eastward being barren ; otf the east point ot° the <.'nve lies u shoal for netxr one-third of the distance over to the south side of the harbour ; in this cove is 7 and 8 fathoms water. From Point Latinu to Ship Hahdour, the course is E. distance 5\ miles ; this harbour ruiiN up north 2j milt^s, and is about u (piurter W ttinile broad ; the Ijest anchorage is in u cove on the west side, in about 10 fathoms water, at about 1 mile from the entrance. Fox Island is small and round : it lies N.E. i N. 3 miles from Point Latina, and N.W. by W. 1 league from Ship Harbour Point, which is a low stony point, lying about 1^ mile to the westward of Ship Harbour ; between Fox Island and this point are a range of rocks, which in bad weather break almost (|uite across. N.N.VV. 1^ mile from Fox Island, is a steep rock above water, called Fishing Kock ; north \i mile from Fishing Rock lies a sunken rock, called Rowland's Rock, which almost always breaks. THE RAM ISLANDS — These are a cluster of high islands, lying about 3 miles to the N.E. ^ E. of Fox Island. E. 3 milts from the south point of Ram Islands isi the entrance into LuNo Harbour; there is not the least danger in sailing into it: the best anchorage is on the north side, to the eastward of Harbour Island, between it and the main ; here you will lie secure from all winds in 7 or 8 fathoms water. Little Harbour is north about 5 leagues from Ram Islands ; there are several low islands and rocks along shore between these places, which I had not an opportunity of examining; but was well informed there is not the least shelter for vessels, nor scarcely for boats, along that coast. Little Harbour is small, with 7 fathoms water; theground is bad, and lies entirely exposed to the S.NV. winds, which heaves in a very great sea. LONG ISLAND. — From Point Latina to the south point of Long Island, the course is N.^E. I3i miles; this island is near 3 leagues long, in high land, the south point being remarkable high steep rocks. On the east sideof the islaud,about <2^ niiiles from the south point, lies Harbour Buffet, which is tolerably good ; the entrance to it is narrow, but has 13 fathoms water in it. There are two arms in this harbour, one running to the westward, the other to the northward, : the best anchor, age is in the north arm, in about lo fathoms water. This harbour may be known by the islands that lie in the mouth, and to the south- ward of it, and by Harbour Buffet Island, that lies E. i S. 1 mile from the entrance. To sad into it you must pass to the northward of the islands in the mouth. MUSCLE HARBOUR.— About 3| miles from the south point of Long Island, on the west side, lieth Muscle Harbour. Vessels bound for this harbour may pass between Long Island and Barren Island, which is a high barren island about I mile and u third long, and about one-third of a mile from Long Island. The entrance into the harbour lies opposite the north end of Barren Island, and is between a low green point on your starboard iiaud, and a small island THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 51 I runs lere is north r, and e <;ove iii(k- uf istaiice |iiurter »id e. HI ;s from Point, n\rd ol" nf Long long. On the RBOUR but one )W jur, ichor- lurbonr south- 1 mile rard of point I Vessels I Barren long, bee into land is island nn your larboard hand ; thin harbour is I.J mile long, and half a fflile broad, and in it \h from 10 to ."J futhoinN wat«'r, rncky bottom. I.ITTLE SOUTH HAKBOUKIicH i mile to the westward of IJttli* Harbour : before the mouth of it are seveiMl rocky islandi. In sailing into the harbour, you muHt leave all the isluiida on your star- board hand eX('e|>t one, on either side of which is a safe passage of 15 fathoms water ; on the east bhore, within the islands, is a sunken rock, about one <>ablc>'H length fxmi the shore, which generally breaks; nearly opposite, on the west shore, are some locks, about half a cable's length from the shore, that show at one-third ebb. I'his harbour is abont I^ mile long, and near half a mile wide, with 7 futhoins water, good bottom. Giif'.AT South HARonuRlies about 1 mile to the northward of Little South Harbour ; there is no danger in sailing into it ; near the head is very (^od unehorage in ti or 7 fathoms water. One mile to the westward of Great South Harbour is Isle au Bordeaux, a high round island near the main. Come by Chance. — The entrance into Come by Chance lies N.N.E. 4 miles from Isle uu Bordeaux, and runs up N.E. by E. 3 mites ; in it is from 20 to 3 fathoms water, sandy bottom : it is entirely exposed to the S.W. wind, which heaves in a very great swell. North Haubuur is N.N.W. 2^ miles from Come by Chance, and S.E. by S. 2^ miles from Piper's Hole : about 2 miles from the entrance is good anchorage in 7 fathoms water, and no danger sailing into it. CAPE ST. MARY TO CAPE RACE. From Cape St. Mary to Point Lance the bearing and distance nre S.E. Smiles; the latter is u low ragged point, though the interior country is considerably elevated. From Point Lance the coast trends E.N.E. ^ N. to North Harbour, between which are one or two coves, but no place ht for shipping. North Harbour is about a mile wide at the entrance, and runs to the northward 3 miles; in it is very good anchorage, in about 6 ovj fathoms water, about 2 miles within the entrance, where it is not above half a mile wide ; or you may run further up, taking care to keep the starboard shore close on board, and anchor within the point of the narrows. In entering North Harbour, always keep mid-channel, for the eastern land is somewhat shallow. Colinet Bay. — This bay lies E.N.E. distant 4 miles from North Harbour, and atfords good anchorage in from 5 to 12 fathoms water ; it runs in N.E.; by N. about 2 miles, where the point of an island on the starboard side narrows the passage ; it then widens again towards the top, where there is a sandy shallow beach. GREAT SALMON RIVER.— The north point of Little Colinet Island, lies S.W. | W. 5^ miles from Colinet Bay, and E.N.E. ^ E. 2 leagues from the former is the entrance into Great Salmon River ; it is about three quarters of a mile wide, and runs from the E.N.E. 7 or 8 miles. There is very good anchorage in it ; but the best is about 2f miles from the entrance, on the north side, in a sandy cove, in 5 or 6 fathoms. COLINET ISLANDS.— Little Colinel Island is above 1 mile SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR I long and hulf a mile broad ; it is surrounded by deep water, and is dis- tant 1| mile north-eastward from Greut Colinet : the latter is a league in length ; on either side of it is a safe channel ; taking care to give Shoal Bay Point, which lies a mile distant from the east end of Great Colinet, a berth of a quarter of a mile, to avoid some rocks which lie oft' that point. On the north side of the island is a stony beach, oft* which lies a bank for about a quarter of a mile, on which is from 7 to 18 fathoms, rocky bottom. ST. MARY'S HARBOUR.— Two leagues below these islands lies St. Mary's Hu'bour, the entrance to which is above a mile wide, formed by Double Road Point on the south side, and Ellis Point on the noith : within these points the channel divides into two branches, one to the S.E. the other to the E.N.E. When you are within Ellis Point haul in to the southward, and anchor abreast of the stages and houses, upon a flat, in 4 or 5 fathoms, where you will lie land-locked. This flat runs off about hulf a mile from the shore, and without it is from 15 to 40 ftithoms over to the other side ; but the best anchorage is about 3 miles ahove the town, where it is above half a mile wide, opposite Brown's Pond, which may be seen over the low beach on the starboard hand; here you will lie land-locked in 12 fathoms water, and excellent ground all the way up to the head of the bay. The E.N.E. arm lies open to the sea, and is not frequented. The courese and distance from Double Road Point to Point la Haye are W.S.W. 1^ mile, the land between is low and barren : the latter point is low, from which a ledge of rocks extends a quarter of a mile into the sea, and a mile along the shore, on which the sea breaks in bad weather : vessels must be careful to avoid this, the only danger in the bay. Mal Bay lies to the westward of the north-east point of St. Mary's Harbour ; it is about a mile wide, and about 2 miles deep, but there is no good anchorage, a heavy swell generally setting into it. Cape English lies W.S.W. 3 leagues from Point la Haye : the cape is high table land, terminating in a low rocky ^ioint, forming a bay about a mile deep to the southward of it ; at the bottom of which is a low stony beach, witi)in which is Holyrood Pond, running to the E.N.E. about 6 leagues ; this being within the cape gives it the appearance of an island. False Cape bears H.W. ^ S. I mile from Cape English and Gull Island, which is small and close to the laud, is distant about 6 miles S. by W. i W. from the same headland. ST. SHOTS. — From Gull Island to the western side of St. Shots, the bearing and distance are S. ^ W. 4 miles ; this bears from the eastern side N. by W. f W. 2 miles. St. Shots Bay is about a mile deep, but entirely open to the sea and very dangerous. The eastern head of St. Shots may be considered the east point of St. Mary's Bay, while Point Lance forms the west end, these bear from each other N.W. ^ N. and S E. ^ S. distant 7| leagues; the bay runs up 9^ leagues; the land on each side being moderately high. One mile S.E. f £. from the eastern head and reef of St. Shots is Black Head, and from Black Head to Cape Fueels the land trends 1 mile E.S.E. W. 1| mile further is Cape Pine, which is moderately high and barren. TREPASSEY HARBOUR.— Nearly 5 miles S.W. by W. from Cape Pine is the entrance of Trepassey Harbour ; it is about three d is dis- iaguein ire Shoal Colinet, oft' that [lich lies iathoms, islunds lie wide. Point on ranches, tin Ellis tges and -locked, out it is tchorage lie wide, h on the js water, y. The la Haye :he latter if a mile reaks in langer in . Mary's there is |the cape ig a bay Ihich is a to the it the e from le laud, d. :. Shots, om the a mile eastern ARY'S :h other up 9i >hot8 is trends lerately from It three THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 53 quarters of a mile wide, and runs nearly of the same breadth for 2^ miles ; it then narrows to one quarter of a mile, when it again in- creases to three quarters where the ships ride. The dangers in sailing into this harbour are, a small rock on the east shore, about a mile within the Powie Head, and about one third of a cable's length from the shore; and on the west shore, in the harbour, off a stony beach, a shoal, which runs along shore up the harbour to a low green point. Baker's Point on with a low rocky point on the entrance of the harbour, will carry you clear of this shoal. When you are nearly up with the low green point you may steer more to the westward, and anchor either in the N.VV. or N.E. arm in 5 or 6 fathoms. Mutton Bay. — The Powles is the east point of the entrance into Trepassey Harbour; from the Powles to Cape Mutton is E.S.E. f E. 1 mile. Between lies Muttos Bay, which is about 2 miles deep, with 12 to 3 fathoms, rocky bottom. The N.W. part of the bay is separated from Trepassey Harbour by a low, narrow, stony beach, over which the vessels may be seen. From Cape Pine to Mistaken Point the course and uge ; it is [y, broken, iier, which ike a sn^all nt Cronier and called Tre. The re is a bar 14 at high ill admit St anchor- »sed to the ven rocks, le eastern- y danger rbour has ear to the a passage th side of e quarter I it. and low : \e middle ; on its H mile id lies to between ;rate and int vfkth mt ei^ery Ihe f^.B. THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 55 side of the island, near Seal Cove, in 5 or 6 fathonxs, a little to the southward of the sand-hills, on a fiite sandy bottom. MIQUELON. — From the north point of Langley to the south point of Miquelon the distance is scarcely one mile, and the depth of water between is 2 fathoms. Miquelon is 4 leagues in length from north to south, and is about 5 miles in breadth at the widest part : the middle of the island is high land, called the high lands of Dunne; but dowa by the shore it is low, excepting Cape Miquelon, which is a lofty pro« montory at the northern extremity of the island. On the S.E. side of the island is the little Harbour of Dunne; it is a bar harbour admit* ting fishing shallops at half flood, but no way calculated for shipping. Miquelon Rocks stretch off from the eastern point of the island, under the high land, 1^ mile to the eastward : some are above, and some underwater: the outermost are above water, and th^re are 13 fathoms water close to them, with 18 and 30 a mile off. N.E. | E. about 4^ miles from these rocks, lies Miquelon Bank, on which are 6 fathoms water. Miquelon Road, which is large and spacious, lies towards the north end, and on the east side of the island, between Cape Miquelon and Chapeau, which is a very remarkable round mountain near the shore, off which are some sunken rocks, at the distance of about a quarter of a mile; but every where else it is clear of danger. The best anchorage is in 6 or 7 fathoms, near the bottom of the road, on fine saudy bottom ; but there you lie exposed to easterly winds. The Seal Rocks, two, in number, are above water, and lie about l| leiig s: off from the north-west side of Miquelon; the passage betwec*^ :; and the island is very safe, and thtire are 14 or 15 fathoms water w . \ cable's length nil rgund them. St. i icrie Langley, and Miquelon, were ceded to France by England, on condition that no forts should be built on either ; that no more than fifty men of regular troops should be kept there ; and that they should have no military stores, or cannon, capable of making a defence. During the late hostilities, these isles were annexed to the Government of Newfoundland, having been taken possession of by the British forces in May, 1793 ; but they have been restored to France, on the original conditions, by the treaty of 1814. Point May has a rooky islet at its point, and from thence the land turns N.N.E. towards Dantzic Cove and Point, and thence E.N.E. towards Fortune Head. FORTUNE BAY.— From Point May to Pass Island, the bearing and distance are N. ^ E. 12 leagues ; between them is the entrance to Fortune Brincipal Bank ; 2 miles but be- s. To , Avhere 8 water, TUE ItsLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. tolerably well sheltered from the sea winds ; this is a convenient place for the cod fishery ; the pussiige in is to the eastward of the rocks that appear the highest above water, between them and some other lower rocks lying otf lo the eastward oftlieeast point of the Cove, there is a sunken rock nearly in the middle of the passage, which you niust beawareof. The shore is boUl all the way from Point May to Cape of Grand Bank, there bein^ 10 or 12 fathoms within 2 cables length, and 30 or 40, at a mile off : between the latter and Great Garnish the water is not so deep, and ships niiiy anchor any where in 8 or 10 fathoms water sheltered only from the lund-winds. From Point Enragee to the head of the bay, the course is first E. N.E. f E. 3 leagues to Grand Jervey ; then E. f N. 7^ leagues to the head of the bay : the land in general along the south side is high, bold-to, and of uneven ajipearance, with hills and vallies of various extent, the latter mostly covered with wood, and having many fresh water rivulets. Seven leagues to the eastward of Point Enragce is the Bay L' Ar- gent, where there is anchorage in 30 or 40 fathoms water sheltered from all windi-. Harbour Mille. — The entrance of Harbour Mille lies to the eastward of the east point of L' Argent. Before this harbour, and the Bay L* Argent, is a remarkable rock, which, at adistance, appears like a shallop under sail. Harbour Milie branches into two arms, one lying to the S.E. the other lo the east ; at the upper part of both are good anchorages. Between this harbour and Point Enragee are se* veral bar-harbours, or small bays, with sundy beaches; but the water all along the coast is very deep : you may safely anchor any where, but it must be very near the shore. Cape Mille lies N.E. ^ E. one league from the Shallop Rock above mentioned, and near 3 leagues from th^head of Fortune Bay ; it is a higli reddish barren rocky point. The width of Fortune Bay at Cape Mdle does not much exceed half a league ; but, immediately below it. It becomes twice as wide, by which the Cape may readily be known ; and above this Cape the land on both sides is high, with steep craggy cliffs. The head of the bay is terminated by a low beach, behind which is a large pond, or bar-hurbour, fit only for bouts. In this, and in ult the bai-harbours between thib and the Grsite point on the main : there is also another rock which appears at low water, and lies higher up on the side of the main ; and when you get beyond these dangers, you may keep in the middle of the channel, and will soon open a tine spacious harbour, wherein you mu^ anchor in any depth, from 6 to l6 fathoms water, on a bottom of sand and mUd, shut in from all winds. To the eastward of the outer island there is a small cove tit for small vessels and boats, and other- wise convenient for the hsheries. LONG HARBOUR lies 4 miles to the westward of Harbour La Conte, and N.E. by £. distant 5 leagues from Point Enrugee. It may be known by Gull Iskind, which lies at its mouth, and a small rock which lies half a mile without the island, and has the appearance of a small boat ; there is a passage into this harbour on each side of this island, the western one is the broader of the two ; nearly in the middle of this channel, a little outside of the island, is a ledge of rocks whereon is two fathoms water ; and a little within the island, on the eastern side, are others 2 cables* lengths from the shore, they lie off two sandy coves, and are visible at low water. Long Harbour runs 5 leagues up into the country, but the only anchoring place is in IVlorgun's Cove, on the N.W. side of the harbour, about 2 miles within Gull Island, in 15 fathoms water, unless you run above the Narrows ; there is a salmon fishery at the head of the bay. To the westward of Long Harbour is Hare Harbour, fit for small vessels only. Two miles to the northward of Hare Harbour is Mai Bay, having very deep water, extending N. Easterly about 5 miles, and having no anchorage except at its furthest end ; to the westward of Mai Bay, near thb shore, lie the Rencontre Islands, the western- most of wluch is the largest, and has a connnunication with the main at low water. In and about this island is shelter for small vessels and boats. BELLE HARBOUR lies 4 miles N.W. by N. from the western- most Recontre Island ; the passage into it is on the western side of the island, and so soon as you have passed the islands you will open a small cove, on the east side, where small vessels can anchor, but large vessels must run up lothe head of the harbour and anchor in 20 fathoms, where there is most room ; it is but an indifferent harbour. A bout l|ofa mile westward of Belle Harbour is Lully Cove, behind an island, fit for small vessels only; the west point of this Cove is high and bluff, and is called Lally Head ; to the northward of this head is Lally Back Cove, where ships may anchor in 14 or l6 fathoms water. Two miles to the northward of Lally Cove Head, is East Bay and North Bay, in both of these there is deep water, but no anchorage near the shore ; at the head of North Bay is the largest river in Fortune THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 59 ore, and ile to the tuter one '. also two t passage wo large er island 11 island, r island, k which lin ; und niddle of rein you tottom of the outer id other- 'bour La gee. It I a small pea ranee b side of ly in the of rocks , on the >y lie off our runs ice is in es within arrows ; or small is Mai miles, westward western- he main }seis and western- side of ill open ut large r in 20 larbour. ;hind an is high head is H water. 3ay and clioruge oi'tune Bay, and appears to be a good place for the salmon fishery, from which circumstance it is named Salmon River. ' The Bay of Cinq Isles lies to the southward of the North Bay, and opposite to Lally Cove Head ; there is tolerably good anchorage for large ships on the S.W. side of the islands, in the nottom of the bay. The north arm is a very snug place for small vessels, and salmon may be caught at its head. A little to the southward of the Bay of Cinq Isles is Corben Bay, where there is good anchorage for any ships in 32 or 24 fathoms water. About 2 miles south-eastward from Lally Cove Head, aretwo islands about a mile distant from each other ; the north-easternmost is called fielle Island, and the other Dog Island ; they are bold-to all round. Between Dog Island and Lord and Lady Island, which lies off the south point of Corben Bay, something nearer to the latter is a sunken rock, with deep water all round it ; and about a quarter of a mile to the northward of Lord and Lady Island, is :> "-^-'^k which appears at Jow water. Bande db L* Arier Bay lies on the west point of Belle Bay, and N. ^ W. 3 leagues from Point Enragee; it may be known by a very high mountain over the bay, which rises almost perpendicular from the sea, callele way is high N.W.f leagues^ above ;er but Head is bhore, lithin a •pth of ishind, Iddle of >st, are I.N.E. from jclior- tseterre iderate ; i'ass /int. Bay, is n full mile in length and narrow, it bears from the N. point of Mi- quelon N'E. by N. 7 leagues, and from Point Muy N. i E. 12 leagues. It lies near the fhore and is rather lofty ; on its S. Western side there are several rocks above water, which extend a full mile from the iHland, and to the N. W. is a sunken rock about a quarter of a mile from the iHland ; there is a passage between thin island and the main, about the length of two cables' wide, it fre(puntly is traversed by small vessels, that soinetimes anchor there on a fine sandy bottom in li fathoms water. The cod-tibhery about this part is generally considered good and productive. The general appearance of the land on the northern side of Fortune Bay is iiilly, rising directly from the sea, with cra^gy, barren hills, extending 4 or5 leagues inland, having many rivulets and ponds, while that on the southern bide of Fortune Bay has a very diii'erent appearance, having less of these rugged hills, and being better clothed with wood of a short brushy kind, giving to the country an air of greenness and fertility. In the night time, or in dark ioggy weather, mariners should not place much depeiidance on the soundings in Fortune Bay, for therein they might be greatly and fatally deceived, inasmuch as, in many places, the water near the shores, and in its creeks and harbours, is often deeper than in the middle of the bay itself. HEIUVHrAGK BAY.— This extensive bay is bounded on the S.W. by Pass Island, and to the northward by the islands that form the Bay of Bonne and (ireat Jervis Harbour, the width being more than 2 leagues ; and by the southern shores of Long Island, where it begins to narrow. In sailing along the southern coast from Pass Island you will discover the Fox Islands, which are distant from Pass Island 10 or II miles ; these islands are situated opposite to the entrance to Hermitage Cove, about three quarters of a mile from the land, and are said to have good Hshing about them ; off the Northern Fox Inland are several rocks above water, ond a sunken rock lies also off the south side of this island. To enter Hermitage Cove, you should keep be- tween the islands and the shore, boi '•owing so lewhat towards the main lanH, wheie you will find 30, S'i!, and 3/ fathoms water ; here you will see the cove open, and may turn in south, having deep water and with- out the least danger; the anchorage is good, with every conveniency for fishing, and plenty of both wood and water. From hence Hermit, age l>ay runs in nearly west for 12 miles, with very deep water, until you get near the head, where it gradually lessens to -25 and 32 fathoms, and further in to 9 fathoms ; there is a small islet or two on the south- ern side, but no danger whatever. Long Island, which separates the Bay of Despair from Hermitage Bay, is of a hquare form, about 8 miles lung and nearly 8 leagues in circuit. The eastern passage is very good, but narrow, and is between the east end uf Long Island and the main, called the Passage of Long Island. The west entrance into the Bay of Despair from Hermitage Bay, is by the west end of Long Island. About half a laile from its S.W. point are two rocks above water, with deep water all round them. There are four harbours on the south side of Long Island, the easternmost of which is called Galtaus ; this is but small, and lies near the south-east point of the island : the best channel into the har- bour is on the west side of several rocky islands, which lie at the en- 02 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOH I ' trance, whcreiu are 4 fathoms, but in the hurbour there are from 15 to 34 fathoms. The next is Picarre, which lies N< by E, half a league from the easternmost Fox Island ; in going in here keep near the west point, in order to avoid some sunken rocks off the other : the anchorage is in the Brbt cove on the east side, in 9 or 10 fathoms, sheltered from all winds. Round Harbour is the next, it is about 9 miles to the westward of Picarre, and fit only for small vessels, the channel in being so narrow. Long Ittland Harbour is the fourth, and lies about 9i mile* from the west end of Long Island. This harbour has two arms, one run- ning in to the north, the other to the eastward ; they are both very narrow, and have from 40 to ^ fathoms water ; the eastern arm is the deepest, and affords the best anchorage. The passuge in is on either side of an island which lies off the entrance, and has several rocks above water about it. BAY OF DESPAIR— The entrance of the Bay of Despair lies between the west end of Long Island and Great Jervis Island (which lies in the mouth of the harbour of that name) ; the distance between is \\ mile,and midway no bottom is found with a line of 280 fathoms. The Bay of Despair forms two capacious arms, one extending full 8 leagues to the north-eastward, the other about IS miles northward : in the N.E. arm are several arms and islands, and tolerably good anchorage in sevf ral places : in the north arm there is very deep water, and no anchorage excepting in the small bays and coves which lie on each side of it ; but in an arm of this bay which runs easterly, tikere is a line salmon fishery, and wood in plenty. In the N.E. arm also there are good salmon fisheries at Little River and Conne River ; all the country about this part is mountainous and barren, but about the head of the bay it becomes level, and has abundance of wood, such as fir, pine, birch, witch hazel, spruce, &c. Great Jervis Harbour is situated at the west entrance into the Bay of Despair; it is a safe harbour, with good anchorage in every part of it, in from l6to 30 fathoms, secure from all winds, and plenty of wood and water. The passage in is on either side of the Great Jervis Island ; but the southernmost channel is the safest, there being no danger in it but the shore itself. In the northern channel are several sunken rocks. To sail in you should bring the north point between the two rocks above water, on the starboard side, and then steer directly in ; this will Carry you clear of some sunken rocks which lie on the west point of the island; these rocks appear at low water: the entrance to this harbour may be known by the east end of Great Jervis Island, which is a high, steep, craggy pomt, called Great Jervis Head, and is the northern point of the south entrance to the harbour. BoNMB Bat lies about a league to the westward of Great Jervis Head, and nearly N. by E. distant ^ miles from Pass Island ; it has several islands at its entrance, the westernmost of which is the largest and highest. The best passage in is to the eastward of the largest island, between it and the two easternmost islands. The bay runs in north 4 miles, and there is no danger hut what shews itself; you may go on either side of Drake Island, which is small, and nearly in the middle of the bay ; between which, and 3 small islands on the west THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. (Kl e from 15 e from the west point, ichorage is tered from ettward of •o narrow, nile* from , one run- both very arm is the H on either reral rocks despair lies md (which ce between fathoms, nding^ full orthward : rably good leep water, hicn lie on ly, tliere is I. arm also River ; all about the »d, such as :e into the e in every ind plenty the Great here being lannel are orth point and then icks which ow water: of Great reat Jervis e harbour, eat Jervis id ; it has he largest he largest ay runs in you may riy in the 1 the west Kide of the bay, within Great Uland, there is anchorage in 20 or 30 futlion)»; but the best place fur large ships is near the head of the bay, in 13 or 14 fathoms, clear ground, and convenient for wood and water. On the N.W. side of Great l^land, within the two small iHlands, is very good anchorage in from 1 6 to 24 fathoms, secure from all winds ; the entrance to this from the bay is to the northward of the two small islands. In sailing in or out ot the buy, approach not too near the south point uf Great Island, as there are some sunken rocks lying at one quarter of a mile from shore. A little to the westward of Bonne Buy is Muskita Cove, u small inlet of from 3U to 47 fathoms water. W.N.W. 4 miles from Bonne Bay is the entrance to the Buys of Facheux and Dragon ; this entrance being very conspicuous at sea, the coast may here be readily known. Facheux, which is the easternmobt branch, is very easily seen to seaward, it runs in N.N.E. 2 leagues, and is one-third of a mile wide at the entrance, with deep water in most parts of it. On the west side of the bay are three coves, where ships may anchor in from 10 to 20 fathoms. Dragon Buy lies in N.W. 1 leagne, and is neur half a mile wide, with Go or 70 fathoms water, and no anchorage excepting near the head; and then you must lie very near the shore. One mile to the westward of Facheux is Little IJole, with shelter for small craft ; and I league to the westward of Facheux, is Uichuid's Har- bour, a place (it only for small vessels and fishing shallops, with 23 fathoms water in it. Hare Bay lies N.W. by W. 1 league from Richard's Harbour, which runs in N.N.E. about .5 mites, and is about one-third of u mile wide, with deep water close home to both shores on all parts of it, except about 1 league up on the west side, where there is good anchorage, in from 8 to 15 fathoms, with plenty of wood aud water; and a small cove about 1 mile up on the east side, where there are .')0 futhoms, with gradual soundings to the shore. N.W. about 4^ miles from Hare Bay, and 1 league N.E. from Hare's Ears Point, is Devil's Bay, a narrow inlet, extending a league to the northward, with deep water, and no anchorage until you come close to the head. The Bay of Rencontre lies to the northward of Hare's Ears Point, and runs in N.W. by W. 2 leugue^ ; it has deep water in most parts of it, and is near half a mile wide at the narrowest part. The anchorage is in 30 fathoms, above a low woody point on the south shore, quite land-locked. Hare's Ears Point is large, with a ragged rock upon it, which, from some points of view, looks like the ears of a hare. It lies W. by N. i N. distant 10 miles from Richard's Har- bour, divides the Bays of Rencontre and Chaleur, aud bears N.W. ^ W. 6 leagues from Pass Island. Off this point is a fishing bank, extending a full mile from the shore, having from 20 to 3o fathoms over it. Chaleur Bay.— Two miles to the westward of Hare's Ears Point is the Bay of Chaleur, which runs in about 2 leagues N.N.W. It is very narrow, and has deep water in most parts. At the north entrance into the bay, and close to the land, is a small island of moderate height, and half a league within the island, on the N.E. side of the bay, is a rock above water ; a little witbiu this ruck, on the same side, is a small «4 SAILING DIUKCTIONS lOU *;{ « \ ' covp, with n tiiiifly hfiu-li, oil' wliicli you am uncliur in 38 t'tillioinii, a cable** Jenglli tVom th« thnre. Wewt, iiewr hiilf ii league IVnm tlie Hay of Cliulcur, in the Bny Franfoist u hiiiiiII iiiU't, iniinin^ in N.W. \ V\'. 1 mile, being ut the entrunre ubout u quart<'r of H mile liroail, and 17 fathoms tieep, but juitt within i» 50 and Go fathoms; ut the head is from 30 to 40 tuthoms, good anchorage, and very eonvenient for carrying on the liHhing bnsinc6t«. Westward, 4 miles from the liay Fran(;oiH, on the east side of Cupe la Hune, lieH Oar Bay ; off the ea^t point of its entrance it a low rocky islet, and, in the entrance of the bay is another, with u passage on each nde of it. The bay runs in N.N.E. about 4 miles, and is one-third of a mile wide, with deep waiter close to both shores all the way up ; ut the head is a harbour for smull vessels, with only !i fathoms Water. At the west side of the entrance into the bay is Cul de Sac, a little cove, with 3 ar.d 4 fathoms water, and good shelter for small vessels. Cape la Hune is the southernmost point of land on this part of the coast, and lies in hititude 47" 31' N. bearing W.N.W. \ N. 8^ leagues from Puss Island, and N.N.VV. \ N. 10 leagues from Cupe Mifjuelou : its figure much resembles a sugar-loaf: this cupe may aUo be known by the high land of La Hune, which lies I league to the westward of it, appearing flat at the top, and may be seen from a distance of l6 leagues. The Penguin Islands lie VV.S.W. \ S. 1C^ miles from Cape la Hune, and N.W. \ N. 10 leagues from Cupe Muiuelon : they are an assemblage of barren rocks lying near to each otner, and altogether about 2 kagues in circuit, uiid may be approuched in the day-time to the distance of half a league all round. On the W.S.VV. side of the large island, which is the highest, is a small cove, fit for shallops, and convenient for the fisheries ; und the ground ubout it is considered to be good for fishing. E.S.E. 8 miles fioiii the Penguin Islands, and S. by W. 3 leagues from Cape Lft Hune, lies the Whale Hock, on which the sea generally breaks ; it is ubout 100 fathoms in circuit, with 10, 12, und 14 fathoms water close-to all round it. From this rock a narrow bunk extends 1 league to the westward, and half a league to the eastward, with from 24 to 5B futhoms water on it, rocky and gravelly bottom. In the channel between the shore and this rock, and also between the shore und the Penguin Islands, are 120 and 130 fathoms of water, muddy bottom, and therein the same depth of water at ] league without them. La IIunc Bay r>es close to the westward of Cupe La Hune ; it is about 2 leagues deep, and one-third of u mile wide, with deep water in most parts of it ; but there is a sunken rock which lies of}' the west point of the entrance, nearly one-third of the channel over. In sailing in or out of this buy, you should keep the eastern shore on board, in order to avoid a iaiitken rock, which lies off the west point of* the entrance into the bay, nearly one-third over. Two miles up the bay is Lunce Cove, having anchorage in 14 and l6 fathoms water, good clean ground : a cable's length off the south- ern point of this cove is a small shoal, with 9 feet water; and between it and the point there are 5 fathoms. To sail into this place keep the east point of the bay open of a red cliff point, off which is a rock Itillioms, a I the Buy iii^ ut the ilee|), but 30 to <20 ig on the le of Cupe e is u low u jxisBu^e les, and ia re8 ull the !i fut horns de Sac, u i'ur dniull if) part of W. i N. from Cupe cape may league to en Tiom u 1 Cupe la ley are all 11 1 together I day-time V. hide of shuliops, onsidered leagues eiif rally fathoms extends ith from In the the shore , muddy ut them. ne ; it is p water the west n sailing oard, in t of the 14 and e south- between neep the a rock THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 06 above water, until the round hill you will see over the valley of the cove, is brought on with the north side of the valley, you will then be above the shoal, and may haul into the cove with safety. There is a narrow hank which stretches quite across the bay, from the south point of the cove to the ofiposite shore, whereon is from 97 to 45 fathoms. La Hunb Harbour lies half a league to the westward of Cape La Hune ; it has an island l>efore itd eutranre, and is tit only for small vessels, and open to westerly winds ; before it lies an island m»r the shore ; the channel into the harbour is on the N.W. side of the island ; there is no danger going in, and you must anchor close up to the head, in 10 fathoms water. This harbour is well adapted for the fishery, there being good tishing ground about it, and a large beach quite across from the head of the harbour to La Hune Bay. A space of BOO feet, exposed to the open air, and well calculated fur drying your fish. Four leagues N.W. | W. from Cape La Hune, is the entrance of Little /?tr«r, which is about 100 fathoms wide at the entrance, and 10 fathoms deep ; a little way up there is anchorage in ^0, 8, and 7 fathoms water* good ground. Between I'upe La Hune and Little River, the land is tolerably high, and foi ms a bay, v/here there are several small islands and rocks above water, the outei'most of which lie N.N.E. ^ £. 3 leagues from the Penguin I^iands^ and are called the Magnetic Rocks. S. by W. I W. 7 miles from the entrance of Little Rive, md N. bv W. I W. from the Penguin Islands, lie the Little R > <; Kocks, wnich are just above water, with very deep water al* roiincjl them. The Isles of Ramea, which are of various ext ji., both in heiguc and circuit, lie N.W. i N. 5^ leagues from the P* ngum Islands, and 1 league from the main : they extend east and west 5 miles, and north and south 2 miles, and have several rocks and breakers about them ; but more on the south side than on the north. The easternmost island is the largest, and is very high and hilly : the westernmost, called Columbe, is a remarkably high round islan \, of small circuit, with some rocky islands and sunken rocks near it. There is a harbour for small vessels, formed by the islands which lie near Great Ramea and the Columbe, called Ramea Harbour , where they may l^e sheltered from ull winds. To enter this from the west- ward, you should give the southern point a berth, on account of some rocks that lie off the starboard island, ' Vesf> are all above water ; steer E.N.E. towards the harbour, keepinij- ^ nearly mid-channel as you can ; the passage is above a cable's length broad, and run for the anchorage in Ship Cove ; this is the second inlet on the N. Western shore ; you will here ride safely, oi clean ground, in 5 fathoms water. To enter from the eastward, you L>ust keep the northern side of Great Ramea on board, until you are up to the west end thereof, then steer S.W. into the harbour, keeping in the middle of the channel, in about 3 fathoms, and anchor as before directed. This harbour is very convenient for fishing vessels ; in it, and also about the islands, are several places fit for erecting stages, and drying fish, which seem to be well calculated for that purpose. The Ramea Rocks are two in number, close to each other ; they lie about south, distant 4 miles from the east end of Great Rtmea : .DJtiJ SAILING DIRECTIONS FOK AV.S.W. 1 league from these rucks is a small hank with only 6 fathoms water on it ; and, nearly in the middle* between Kamea and the Penguin Islands, is the New Bank with from 14 to 50 fathoms water: to run upon the shoalest part of this bunk, bring the two Raroea Rocks on with the S. Western part of Ruroea Islands, and between them and Columbe ; and the entrance to Little River N.E. I E. Four miles to the westward of Little River is Old Man*t Bay^ which runs in N.N.E. about 7 miles, and is nearly a mile wide ; the water throughout the bay is very deep. About l\ mile up the bay, on the eastern side, is a small island, called Adam's Island, behind which vessels can ride, if necessary, in 30 and 40 fathoms, but the beet anchorage is at the head, in 14 or 16 fathoms. MOSQUITO HARBOUR lies about half u league to the west- ward of Old Man's Bay ; it is a snug and safe harbour, and will hold a great number of ve>)sels in perfect security ; but the entrance is so narrow, being only 48 fathoms in breadth, that it is difficult to get in or out ; the land on both sides is high, and off the southern point of entrance is a large white rock, about a cables* length from which is a black rock above water, on the southern side of which is a sunk rock, whereon the sea breaks ; from this black rock to the entrance of the harbour, the course is about N.N.W. distant one-third of a mile. In sailing either in or out, you should give the black rock a small berth, keeping the western shore on board, and if obliged to an- chor, be as quick as possible in getting a rope on shore, lest you drift on the rocks. In this harbour you will have from 18 to 30 fathoms water, with good riding every where, and plenty of both wood and water ; in the narrows you will find 13 fathoms, the shores being hold- to : south and easterly winds blow right in, northerly winds right out ; and with westerly winds it is commonly eitlier quite calm, or descends in irregular pum. Fox Island Harbour is formed by an island of the same name; it lies about half a league to the westward of Mosquito Harbour ; be- tween are several rocky islands and sunken rocks. This is a commo- dious hurbour for small vessels, which may anchor in 8, 9, and 10 fathoms water. You may go in on either side of the island, and there is no danger but what shews itself. WH ITE BEAR BAY.— This bay lies about 3 miles to the west- ward of Fox Island Harbour, and N.N.E. one league from Great Ra- mea Island ; it has several islands at its entrance. It runs in N.E. ^ N. about 4 leagues, is near half a mile wide in the narrowest part, and has deep water clo»e to both shores in most parts, to the distance of 8 miles up ; then the ground rises at once to 9 fathoms, whence it shoal- ens gradually to the head with good anchorage. The beet passage into the bay is to the eastward of all the islands. On the S.W. side of Bear Island, wliicli is the easternmost and largest in the mouth of the bay, is a small harbour, running in about east half a mile, with from 10 to 23 fathoms of water, but there are several sunken rocks be- fore its mouth, rendering it difficult of access. At the western entrance is a high round white island, and S.W. half a mile from this island is a black rock above water. The best passage into the bay, from the westward, will be to the westward of this black rock, and between White and Bear Islands; some of the rocks are above a mile off the laud. THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. only 6 leu and fathoms the two ds and B River /, which le water , on the d which ihe best he west- nil hold ce is so o get in n point which is i a sunk entrance ird of a : rock u d to an- rou drift fathoms M)d and ng bold- ^htout; lescends e name ; >ur; be- com mo- und 10 nd there le webt- reat Ka- E.|N. and has ice of 8 it shoal- passage W. side louth of le, with ocks be- en trance stand is Vom the between I off the Six miles to the westward of White Bear Bay, and nt^arly north from Ramea Columbe, are two small harbours, culled Red Island Hctrbours, formed by Ued Island, which lies close under the land. The western- most is the largest and best, and has from 6 to 8 fathoms water, good anchorage. In going in, keep the island close on board, the outer part of which is composed of steep red cliffs. The BURGEO ISLES.— There are a cluster of islands extend- ing alK)ut 5 miles along shore, and forming several snu^and commo- dious harbours. They lie about 3 leagues N.W. by N. from Kamea Columbe. To sail into Burgeo from the eastward, the best passage is on the N.E. side of Boar Island, which is the northernmost, and lie* N.N.W. from Rameu Columbe. S.E. by S. from this island half a league, is a rock, uncovered at low water, on which the sea generally breaks ; you may go on any side of this rock, the water being deep all round it : so soon as you are to the N.W. of it keep the north side of Boar Island on board, and steer W. | N. for Grandy's Cove, the north point of which is the Hrst low point on your starboard bow ; haul round that point, and anchor in the cove in 14 fathoms, and moor with a fast on shore. The best place for lar^i> ships to anchor in is, betwixt Grandy's Cove and a small island lying near the west point of Boar Island, in 20 or 24 fathoms good ground, and sheltered from all winds. To sail into Grandy's Cove from the westward is danger- ous, unless well acquainted : there are several safe passages in from the southward and eastward, between the islands, and good anchorage ; and in bad weather, all the sunken rocks discover themselves, and you may run in any without fear; but the islands do not afford either wood or water. Wolf Bay extends inwards N.E. by E. 1 league; the entrance is E.N.E. 2 miles from Boar Island, and two miles to the westward of Red Island Harbour ; the east point of the entrance is composed of low rugged rocks, off which is a sunken rock, at a distance of a quar- ter of a mile from shore, over which the sea breaks in bad weather. Near the head of the bay is tolerably good anchorage, and plenty of wood and water. King's Harbour lies round the west point of Wolf Buy, and runs in N.E. by E. three quarters of a mile ; before its mouth is a cluster of little islands. To sail in, keep the east point of these islands on board, and steer N. by W. and North for the entrance of the har- bour, anchoring under the east shore in Q fathoms. On the south side of the islands before Kind's Harbour, and nearly north 1 mile from Boar Islund, is the entrance into the Ha-Ha, which runs in W.N.W. 1 mile, and is about a quarter of a mile broad, with from 90 to 10 fathoms water, and good ground all over. Over the south |>oint of the entrance into this harbour is a high green hill : and a cable's length and a half from the point is a sunken rock that always shews itself. Over the head of the Ha-Ha, is Richard's Head, a mark for running upon Ramea Shoal. AlM>ut 4 miles to the westward of the Burgeo Isles is the Great Barrysway Point, which is low, white, and rocky ; and E.N.E. i E. half a league from this point is the west entrance into the Great Barrysway, wherein is room and depth of water for small vessels. Between the Burgeo Isles and the Great Barrysway Point, are several sunken rocks, some of which are half a league from the shore. 68 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR h ! i! CONNOIHE BAY.— N.W. | N. 4 leagues from the Burgeo Isles, is the east point of the Bay of Connoire :. this point is so far remarkable, that it rises with an easy ascent to a moderate height, and much higher than the land within it ; the west point of the bay is low and flat, and to the westward of this are several small islands. The bay runs in N.E. by N. about a league from the east point to the middle head, which lies between the two arms, and is half a league wide, with 14, 12, 10, and 8 fathoms close to both shores, good anchor- age, and clear ground, but open to S.W. winds. The N.E. arm anbrds shelter for small vessels from all winds. To sail in, keep near. est the starboard shore, and anchor before a small cove on that side, near the head of the arm, in 3| fathoms ; towards the head of the arm on the north-western side, is a bank of mud and sand, upon which a vessel may run, if necessary, and receive no damage. The Bay of Cutteau lies about 2 leagues to the westward of Connoire ; its depth will admit small vessels only. Round the west point of Cutteau is Cinq Serf, wherein area number of islands, which form several small snug harbours. Right off Cinq Serf, about half a league from the shore, is a low rocky island, westward of which is the safest passase into the largest harbour; keep near this rock, steering E.N.E. ^ L. towards the south eastern shore, until you get abreast of a small woody island ; this is the easternmost except one, and lies about a quarter of a mile E.N.E. from a white rock in the middle of the channel ; haul short lound this island, and anchor behind it in 7 fathoms water, here you will lie safely, sheltered from all winds, or you may ^o further up, and anchor at its head in 4 fathoms. Four miles to the westward of the rocky island of Cinq Serf, is the harbour of Grand Bruit, which is small but commodious ; and may be known by a very high remarkable mountain over it, half a league inland, which is the highest land on all the coast : down this moun- tain runs a considerable brook, emptying itself by a cascade into the liarbour. Before the mouth of the hiirbour are several little islands, the largest of which is of middling height, with three green hillocks on it. A little outside of this ishind is a round rock, rather high above water, called the Columbe of Great Bruit; and a quarter of a mile to the southward of this rock, is a low rock : in a direct line betwe**)) the low rock and the rocky isles of Cinq Serf, half a league from the former, is a sunken rock, whereon the sea does not break in fine wea- ther. The safest passage into Grand Bruit is to the north eastward of this rock, and of the islands lying before the harbour, between them and the three islands (which are low and lay under the shore) ; and, after you are to the northward of the sunken rock above mentioned, there is no danger but what shews itself. The harbour extends N.N.E. half a mile, and is but a quarter of a mile wide in the broadest part ; but it is bold-t^ on both sides, and a depth of from 4 to 7 fathoms. Bay of Rotte.— To the westward of Grand Bruit, between it and La Poile Bay, lies the Bay of Rotte, wherein are a great many islands and sunken rocks. The southernmost is a remarkable high round rock, called the Columbe of Rotte, which lies N.W. by W. 8| leagues from the southernmost of the Burgeos. Between this island and Grand Bruit is a reef of rocks, some above and some under water, but they do not lie to the southward of the direct line between the islands. P 1 w hi Ii THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 69 arm wea- fard of them Hnd» tioiied, lxt«nd» roadest 4 to it and Ulands I round eagues and ., but ftlunds. Within the islands of Rotte there is shelter for shipping: the saf^t passage in is to the westward of the islands between them and Little Ireland, which lies off the east point of La Foile Bay. LA POILE BAY.— This bay is large and spacious, and has several commodious harbours. It may be known by the high lund of Grand Bruit, which is only 5 miles to the eastward of it ; and like- wise by the land on the east side of the bay, which rises in remarkably high craggy hills, \hout l^mile S,W. from its east point lies Little Ireland, a small lcint of this island in 9 fathoms. To enter into the N.W. part of the harbour would be dangerous, if a stranger, because of its numerous islands and rocks. Mull Face is a small cove 2 miles toth^. westward of Rose Blanche Point, wherein is anchorage fur small vessels in 4 fathoms. Oft' the west point of the cove are two small islands, and several sunken rocks; the passage in is to th« eastward of these. Seven miles ic >iie westward of Kose Blanche Point are the Burnt Islands, which lie close under the shore, and are not easily to be dis- tinguished from it ; behind thet>e is nheiter for small vessels. Oft' these islands are sunken rocks, «ome of which are half a mile from the shore. Six miles to the westward of Rose Blanche Point, is Conney Bay and Otter Bay, both of which are rendered difticnUt of access by several sunken rocks outside the jxissage, which do riof shew themselves in fine weather ; but when onre you are safe within Otter Bay, there is good riding in 7> 9, and 9 falhom» water. THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 71 I weather. Bay, you the south int of- the the main : it ; keep rd : from :oward the ly of tinn- iiit of the , (near to the land r is much f may be niles, and f the east sailing in, Day; then f the bay, I : here is ance into £r, in the ire within anchor in you may )our, and been the the SHHie ms water. its west- lerth, on nd ktep }n board, To enter stranger, Blanche the west cks; the Burnt be dis- Is. Off rom the ney Bay y several lelves in there is W.N.W. I W. nearly 4 leagues from Rose Blanche Point are the Dead Islands, which lie clone under the shore ; in the passage to Dead Islands Harbour, between the islands and the main, is good anchorage for shipping in 6 or 8 fathoms, sheltered from all winds ; but it is very dangerous of access to strangers, as there are several sunken rocks in both the east and west entrances. The eastern entrance can be known by a remarkable white spot on one of the islands ; bring this spot to bear N . by W. and steer in for it, keeping the starboard rucks on board, and leave the white spotted island on your larboard side. The western entrance may be recognized by a high point on the main, a little to the westward of the islands, on the western part of which point is a green hillock ; keep this point close on board, until you get within a little round rock, near to the westernmost island, at the eastern poiut of entrance; then haul over to the eastward for the great island, distin- guished by a high hill, and steer E. { N. keeping the before-mentioned little rock iu sight. PORT AUX BASQUE.— From the Dead Isles to Port aux Ba8que,the course and distance are W.N.W. about 4 miles; between lie several small islands close under the shore, and there are sunken rock8,someof which are halfa mile from the shore. Port aux Basque isa small commodious harbour, which lies about 2^ leagues to the eastward of Cape Ray. To fall in with it, bring the Sugar-Loaf Hill over Cape Ray to bear N.N.W. \ VV., or the west end of the Table Mountain N.N.W, Steer in for the land with either of these marks, and you will fall directly ia with the harbour : the S.W. point, called Point Blanche, is of a moderate height, and of white appearances ; but the N.E. point is low and flat, and has close to it a black rock above water. In order to avoid the outer shoal, on which are three fathoms, and which lies E.S.E. three quarters of a mile from Point Blanche, keep the said point on board, and bring the flag-staff which is on the hill, over the wcHt side of the head of the harbour, on with the S.W. point of Road Inland; that direction will lead you in the middle of the channel, be tween the eaiit and west rocks, the former of which always show them- selves, and these you leave o*^ your starboard hand : continue this course up to Road Island, and keep the west point on board, in order to avoid the Frying-pan Rock, which stretches out from a cove on the west shore, oppobite the island. So soon as vou are above the island, haul to the E.N.E. and anchor between it and Harbour Island wherever you please, in 9 or 10 fathoms, good ground, and sheltered from all winds : this is called the Road or Outer Harbour, and is the only anchoring place for men of war, or ships drawing a great depth of water, but small vessels always lie up iu the Inner Harbour. To sail into it, run in between the west shore and the S.W. end of Harbour Island, and anchor behind the said island in 3 or 4 fathoms. In some parts of the harbour ships can lay their broadsides so near to the shore as to reach it with a plank. This place bus been frequented by fishermen for many years, it is well situated for their purposes, and is capable of most excellent accommodations; 1 mile to the eastward of Basque is Little Bay, Grand Bay lies about 2 miles to the westward of Port aux Basque; there are several small islands and rocks in and before it, the outermost of which are not above a quarter of a mile from the shore, ou these the sea generally breaks : it is only fit for small vessels. ^ •i 7* SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR I I From I'ort aiix Basque to Point Enregee, the bearing and distance ■re W.N.W. about a league, and thenre to Cape Kay N.N.W. nearly li league. Point Enrag^e is low ; off it, and to the eastward of it, are •ome sunken rocks a mile from the shore, on which the sea breiiks. Capb Kay is the S.W. extremity of NewToundland, situated in latitude 470 37' N. and longitude 59° 17' W. The land of the cape is verv remarkable ; near the shore it is low, but 3 miles inland is a very high table mountain, which rises almost perpendicular from the low land, and appears to be quite flat at the top, excepting a small hillock on the S.W. point of it. This land may be seen, in clear weather, from the distance of 16 or 18 leagues. Close to the foot of the table moun- tain, between it and the point of the cape, is a high round hill, resem- bling a sugar-loaf, (called the Sugar-loaf of Cape Ray,) whose summit is a little lower than that of the table mountain ; and to the northward of this hill, under the table mountain, are two other conical hills, resembling sugar loaves, which are not so high as the former ; one or other of these sugar-loaf hills are, from all points of view, seen detached from the table mountain. There is a sandy bay between Cape Ray and Point Enrag^e, wherein ships may anchor with the winds from N.N.W. to East, but they should be cautious not to b<; surprised Sere with S.W. winds, which blow directly in, and cause a great sen. The ground is not the best for holding, being fine sand. Towards the east side of this bay is a •mall ledge of rocks, 1 mile from shore, on which the sea does not break in fine weather. The best place for large shipsto anchor in is, to bring the point of the cape N.W. and the high white sand-hill in the bottom of the bay N.E. in 10 fathoms water. Small vessels may lie farther in. Be careful not to run so far to the eastward as to bring the end of the table mountain on with the sand-hill, in the bottom of the bay, by which means the ledge of rocks before mentioned will be avoided. N.W. I W. nearly 1 mile from the point of the cape, is a small ledge of rocks, callra the Cape Rocks, whereoa the sea always breaks ; ana one mile to the northward of the cape, close under tne land, is A low rocky island ; there is a channel between the ledge and the cape, with 14 and 15 fathoms water, and also between it and the island with 4 and 5 fathoms ; but the tides, which run here with great rapidity, render it unsafe for shipping. The soundings under 100 fathoms do not extend above a league from the land to the southward and eastward of the cape, nor to the westward and northward of it, except on a bank which lies off Port anx Basque, between Sand 3 leagues from the land, whereon are from 70 to 100 fathoms, good fishing ground. S.E. | S. about 13 leagues from Port aux Basque, in the latitude of 47 deg. 14 min. north, is said to be a bank» whereon are 70 fathoms. THE TIDES. — Between Cape Chapeau Rouge and Cape Ray. in all the bays, &c. the tide generally flows till 9 o'clock, on full and change, and its perpendicular rise is about 7 or 8 feet on springs : but it must be observed, that the tides are every where greatly influenced by the winds and weather. On the coast, between Cape Chapeau Ilouge and St. Pierre, the current sets generally to the S.W. On the south side of Fortune Bay, it sets to the eastward, and on the north side to the westward. Between Cape La Hune and Cape Ray, the flood sets to the westward in the ofling very irregularly ; but generally THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNUI.AND. ^ two or three hours after it is high water by the vhore. The tide or current in inconsiderable, excepting near Cape Ray, where it is strong, and at times sets quite contrary to what might be expected from the common course of the tides, and much stronger at one time than at another : these irregularities seem to depend chitfly on the winds. SECT. Ill— WEST COAST of NEWFOUNDLAND. Ray. ill and but lenced CAPE RAY TO COW HEAD. Thb island of ST. PAUL lies W.S.W. J W. 14 league* from Cape Ray, and E.N.E. ^ E. 4 leagues from the North Cape of Breton Islund : it is about 5 miles in compass, including the islet at its N.E. end, with three high hills upon it, >tnd deep water close-to all round : hence it may be safely passed on either side. It lies in latitude 47" 1 1' N. long. 60" A' W. Cape North is a lofty promontory at the N.E. extremity ofBreton Island, in latitude 4?" 3' N. and longitude 00" \Q' W. The entrance into the Gulf of St. Laurence is formed by this cape and Cape Ray, and the latter bears from the former E.N.E. \ E. distant 18^ leagues. The depth of water between, excepting near the Island of St. Paul, is generally above 200 fathoms. Capb Rav, as we have already stated, is the S.W. extremity nf Newfoundland : the land is remarkable, the shore being low, while it the short distatxceof 3 miles inlaud, there is a high table mountain, which rises nearly perpendicular from the low land, end appears to be quite flat at the top, excepting a small hillock on the S.W. point of It : this land may be seen in clear weather, 16 or 18 leagues. Cape Auguii.le, which is distant N. | E. 17 or 18 miles from Cape Ray, is the northernmost point of land you can see, after passing to the westward of Cape Ray ; it is high table land, and covered with wood, in tlie country above it. Between the high land of the two capes the coast is low, and the shore forms a bay, wherein are the great and little rivers of Cod Roy ; the northernmost is the great river, which has a bar-harbour fit to admit vessels of 8 or 10 feet draught only at high water. The shore may be approached between the two capes to half a league, there being no danger so far ofi\ It is a good salmon fishery, and for building small vessels and boats, there being timber in abundance. The Island of Cod Roy lies \\ot1 miles to the southward of Cape Auguille, close under the high land; it is a low, flat, green island, of nearly 3 miles in compass, in the shape of a horse-shoe, forming, between it and the main, a small snug bar-harbour for vessels of 10 or 13 feet draught; the safest entrance to It is firom the southward. Cod Roy Road lies south-eastward from the island, wherein is very good anchorage for shipping, in 8, 7» or 6 fathoms, on a clay bottom. With the south point of the island bearing about W.N.W. and the point of the beach on the inside of the island, at the south SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR N ff^i ttiitruiice into the harbour, on with ii point on the main to the north, ward of the island, you will lie in 7 fHthumH, und nearly halt' u mile from the shore ; 1 league to the southward of Cod Roy Uland is a high bluff point, called Stormy Point, oif which a nhoal atretcheit out u full mile ; this point covers the road from the S.S.E. winds, und there is good anchorage all along the shore, between it and the island. ST. GEORGE'S BAY.— From Cape Auguille to Cape St. George, the course and distance are N.N*E. | E. nearly 12 leagues: these two capes form the Great Bay of St. George, which extends inwards E.N.E. 18 leagues from the former, und E.S.E. 11 leagues from the latter ; at the head of this bay, on the south side, round u low point of land, is a good harbour, with excellent anchorage in 8, 10, or 12 fathoms water : the river St. George empties itself into the head of this bay, but it .s not navigable for any thing but boats. On the north side of the bay, before the isthmus of Port-a-Fort, is good anchorage in 7 or 8 fathoms, with northerly winds: from off this place a fishing bank stretches two-thirds across the bay, with from 7 to 19 fathoms water on it, dark sandy bottom. Cape St. George lies in latitude 48° 38' north ; it may be readily known not only by itc being the north point of the Bay of St. George, but also by the steep cliffs on the north part of it, which rise perpen- dicularly from the sea to a considerable height; and by Red Island, which lies 5 miles to the north eastward of the cape, and half a mile from the shore : this island is about I^ mile in length, and of a mid- dling heiglit ; the steep clifls around it are of a reddish colour: there is anchorage with off-shore winds under the N.E. end of the island, before a sandy cove on the main, which lies just to the northward of the steep clifls, in 12 dr 14 fathoms, you will there ride, covered from the S.W. winds by the island, and from the southerly and easterly winds by the main land, but there is no shelter whatever with winds from the North or N.W. although this place was heretofore much resorted to by vt^^iiels in the tishinupe St. letigueii : extendi 1 leagues rouiKi a lorage in fiuio the ats. On > is good this place a 7 to 19 >e readily George, > perpen- d Island, If a mile )f a uiid- ir: there le island, hward of red from easterly th winds re much \; Point, distance ttland, in !s : from les; and Ingof- the en* ept one ! shore, > in the 3 or 4 d which roud at and S. Point is rocks 4 miles les Fox end of stward. called Fox*ti Tail ; and, nearly in the middle of the bay, between Fox Island and the west shore, lies the Middle Ground, on one place of which, near the S.W. end, there is not above 3 or 4 feet water. From the head of the buy, projecting out into the middle of it, is a low point, called Middle Pouit, oHI' which, extending 3 miles N.K. by N. is a shoal spit, part of which dries at low water ; this Middle Point divides the bay into two parts, called East and West Bays. From the head of the East Bay over to the Bay of St. George, the distance is a large quarter of a mile ; this isthmus is very low, and haw a pond in the middle of it, into which the sea frequently dashes over, especially at hi^h tides, and with gales of wind from the southward. On the east side of it is a tolerably high mountain, rising directly from the isthmus, and flat at top : to the northward of this, and at about 5 miles distance from the isthmus, is a conspicuous valley, or hollow, hereafter to be used as a mark. N.E. by £. ^ E. above 2 league*} from Long Point, and half a league from the shore, lies Shag Island, which appears at a distance like a high rock, and is easily to be distinguished from the main ; and W.N.W. about a league from it lies the middle of Long Ledge, which is a narrow ledge of rocks stretching E.N.E. and W.S.W. about 4 miles; the eastern part of them is above water, and the channel into the bay of Port-a-Port, between the west end of this ledge and the reef which stretches off from the west point of the bay, is a league wide. In sailing in, if coming from the S. Westward, advance no nearer to the Long Point of the bay than J| mile, until ^ou have brought the valley, in the side of the mountain before mentioned, (on the east side of the isthmus) over the east end of Fox Island, or to the eastward of it, which will then bear south a little easterly; you will then be clear of the Long Point Keef, and may haul into the bay with safety, but if coming from the N.E. without the Long Ledge, or turning into the bay, m order to keep clear of the S.W. end of Long Ledge, bring the isthmus, or the foot of the mountain, (which is on the east side of the isthmus,) open to the westward of Fox Island, nearly twice the breadth of the island, and it will lead yon into the bay clear of Long Ledge ; and when Shag Island is brought on with the foot of the high land on the south side of Coal River, bearing then £. i S. you will be within the Long Ledge ; there is also a safe passage into the bay, between the Long Ledge and the main, on either side of Shag Island, and taking care to avoid a small shoal of 3^ fathoms, which lies W. by N. 1 mile from the island. To sail up into the West Bay and Head Harbour, keep the western shore on board ; this shore is bold-to. In turning between it and the Middle Ground, stand no nearer to the Middle than into 8 fathoms ; but you may stand to the spit of the Middle Point into 6 or 5 fathoms. The anchorage in West Bay is in about 8 fathoms, and in Head Harbour in about 5 fathoms. The West Road lies before a high stone beach, about 2 miles south-westward of Long Point, where y6u may lie very secure from westerly and N.W. winds, in about 10 or 12 fathoms water : this beach is steep-to, and forms an excellent place for landing and drying your fish ; there is a good place at the northera end of Fox's Island, tor the same purpose. The whole bay and the adjacent coasts abound with cod, and extensive fishing banks lie all along the coasts. 76 SAILING DIKECTIONS FOR 11 i The East Roud lies bt!twe«:n Fox Ulunit und the eaiit «hore ; to uil up toit^uu should keep the high btull' ht^d, which is about u league to the E.N. E. of the iitland, Mariiig to the itouthward of S.E. by E. I E. until the isthmus is brought to the eastward of Fox Ulund ; you will then be within the shoal culled the Fox's Tail, and may haul to the Houthwurd, and anchor any where between the island and the main, in from 10 to 18 fathoms. To sail up the East Bay, pass between the island and the east shore, and after you are above the island, come no ncHrer to the main than half a mile, until you are abreu^t of a bluft' point above the island, called Road Point, just above wliich is the best anchorage with N.E. winds, in about 12 fathoms water; and to sail up the East Bay between the Middle Ground and the Fox's Tail, bring the said bluff point on with the S.W. point of Fox Island ; this mark will lead you up in the fair way betwten the two shoals ; give the island a berth, and anchor as before directed, in from 8 to IS fathoms water. BAY OF ISLANDS From the Long Point at the entrance of Port-a«Port to the Bay of Islands, the bearing and distance are N.E. by E. 8 leagues. Be careful to avoid the Long Ledge ; the land between it of considerable height, rising in craggy barren hills, directly from the shore. The Bay of Islands may be known by the many islands in the mouth of it, particularly the three named Guern- sey Island, Tweed Island, and Pearl Island, which are nearly of equal height with the land on the main. If you are bound for Lark or York Harbours, which lie on the S.W. side of the bay, and are coming from the southward, run in between Guernsey Island and the South Head, both of which are bold-to ; but with southerly and S.W. winds approach not too near the South Head, lest calms and sudden gusts t>f wind should proceed from the high land, under which you cannot anchor with safety. There are several channels formed by the differ- ent islands, through which you may sail in or out of the bay, there being no danger but what shews itself, excepting a small ledge of rocks, which lie half a mile north-eastward from the northern Shag Rock, and in a line with the two Shag Rocks in one. If you bring the south Shag Rock open on either side of the North Rock, you will go clear to the eastward or westward of the ledge. The safest passage into this bay from the northward, is between the two Shag Rocks, und then between Tweed Island and Pearl Island. Lark Harbour. — From Guernsey Island to Tortoise Head, which is the north point of York Harbour, and the S.E. point of Lark Harbour, the course and distance are nearly S.S.W. 6 miles : Lark Harbour extt-nds inwards W.S. W. nearly 2 miles, und is one-third of a mile broad in the entrance, which is the narrowest part : in sailing into it with a large ship, keep the larboard shore on board, and anchor with a low point on the starboard side, bearing W.N.W., N.N.W., or N.N.E. and you will ride in (j or 7 fathoms water securely from all winds. : : York Harbour lies W.S.W. nearly 1 league from Tortoise Head : there is good turning room between the Head and Governor's Island, which lies before the harbour ; but you must avoid a shoal which runs off from a low beach point on the west end of Governor's Island, culled Sword Point ; there is also a shoal which spits off from the next point of Governor's Uland, which must also be avoided : Tortoise IS o g< s w THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 77 which Lurk Lurk lircl of sailing unchor W.,or ■om all Head jubt touching Sword Point will lead clear of it : in miling in, give Sword Point a berth, pa>8ing which, the be«t anchoring ground i» in 10 futhoniB, along u ttundy beach on the main, with Tortoise Head open of Sword Point : West and N. Westerly winds blow here with great violence. Harbour Uland lies at the entrance of the river Huraber, and S. by E. I E 7 miles from Guernitey Island ; ut its S.W. point is Wood's Hurbour, which is unfit for shipping. The River Huoiber, at about5 leagues within the entrance, becomes narrow, and the stream is so rapid in some places, for about 4 leugues up to a luke^ that it is with ureat difficulty that even a boat can stem the current. The banksof tins river are well clothed with timber, and formerly a great salmon fishery was carried on here. The North and South Arms are both long inlets, with very deep water up to their heads. On the east side of Eugle Island, between the North and South Arms, is anchorage in 8, 10, or 19 fathoms water. Under the north side of Harbour Island also is good uuchonige with S.W. winds ; and opposite to the S.E. end of Harlmur Island, on the south side of the bay, is Frenchman's Cove, wherein is good anchorage in from 20 to 19 fathoms. The Bay of Islands was formerly much frequented by vessels in the cod fishery, und stages were erected at Small Bay, which lies a little on the outside of South Head ; and the large beach on Sword's Point, in Governor's Island, is an excellent place for drying the fish. From the North Shag Rock to Cape St. Gregory, the course and distance are nearly N.E. 8 miles; and thence 13 or 14 miles, on u similar bearing, will carry vou to the entrance of Bonne Buy. The land near the shore from the north Shag Rock to Cape St. Gregory is low, along which lie sunken rocks, a quarter of a mile from the shore ; hut a very little way inland it rises into a high mountain, ter- minatin^ ut top in round hills. Capk St. Gregory is high, and between it and Bonne Bay the land rises directly from thesea.shore to a coubiderablc height : it is the most northerly land you can discern when you are sailing along shore between Red island and the Bay of Islands. BONNE BAY. — This buy muy be known, at the distance of 4 or 5 leagues, by the land about it ; all that on the S.W. side of the bay being very high and hilly, and that on the N.E. side, and thence along the sea-coast to the northward, being low and flat; but at about one league inland, is a range of mountains which run parallel with the sea-coast. Over the south side of the bay is a very high mountain, terminating at top in a remarkable round hill, very conspicuous when you are to the northward of the bay. This buy extends inwords H.S.E. nearly 2 leagues, then branches into two anns,one of which runs in to the southward, and the other to the eastward ; the southern arm affords the best anchorage ; small vessels should ride just above a low. woody point at the entrance into this arm, on the starboard side, before a sandy beach, in 8 or 10 fathoms water, about i* cable's length from the shore ; there is no other anchorage in less than 30 or 40 fathoms, excepting at the head of the arm, where there are from 95 to 90 fa- thorns water : in sailing into the East Arm, keep the starboard shore on board ; and a little way round a point at the entrance, will be found i ^ SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR ft •mall cove, with good micltorage in 17 to 30 futhuinii* but you must moor to the thore. There i»H tniig rove aliio close within the North Point, with iiiichor- •f(e in U or 7 fathomi wuter : in Ruilinj^ in or out of Boune Bny, with W.S.W. winds, «-om« not iieur the ueiiiht-r uhure, 1* ' > you iihould happen to be becalme v- . Ten miles to the northward of Donne Bay is Marl, uiiit, high and white, ofi' which, about three-quarters of a mile, ih a small I^Jge of rocks, whereon the Mfa breaks. Broom Point is low and white, and lies about u league to the northward of Martin Point; about half a mile W.S.W. from it lies a sunken rock that seldom shews itself; on the north side of Broom Point lies the Bay of St. Paul, wherein ves- •els may anchor with otf-ihore winds, but it is quite exposed to the Ma. Cow Head lies about 4 miles to the northward of the Buy of St. Paul : this is a promontory, which has the appearance of an island, it being joined to the main only by a very low and narrow neck of land : ■bout three-quarters of a mile oft' this head lies Steering island, which is low and rocky, and is the only island on the coast between the Bay of It>lan(ls and Point Ric*h. Cow Cove lies on the south side of Cuw Head, and ships inMy lie there in from 7 to 10 fathoms, sheltered'from northerly and easterly winds. Shallow Bay lies on the north side of Cow He.id, and has water sufficient for small vessels ; at the N.E. side of the entrance is a cluster of rocky islands, extending E.N.E. and W.S.W., and at the W.S.W. side are two sunken rocks close to each other, which generally shew themselves; they lie a cable's length from the shore, and there-ia a channel into the bay on either side of them. Steering Island lies right before this bay, which you may pass on either side, but come not too near its N.E. end, as there are some sunken rocks extending from it. This is considered the best situated for a fishery on all the coast, and the ground about its environs are eminently productive. COW HEAD TO CAPE NORMAN. INGORNACHOIX BAY.— Point Rich, the northern point of Ingornachoix Bay, is distant about 50 miles N.E. from Steering Island ; all the way between Shallow Bay, and the south point of Ingornachoix, the coast forms nearly a straight line without creek, cov .iand, and between it and One Mead island, vessels may lie nrn i more secure, in 14 or 1 6 fathoms water, and shel- tered ffom ( ,'M winds ; and this it* considered to be the only safe an- chorage in • :e whole bay. West from St. John's Island one large mile is Fiat Inland, having a rock above water at its southern end ; the channel between St. John's and Flat island has from 13 to 25 fa- thoms in it, and they are both boid-to : the Twin Islands lie N.E. by M. from Flat Island distant one league* and have no danger about them. To the westward of the Twins are several scattered rocks above water, named the Bay Islands; they have deep water around them, but no anchorage. The land at the bottom of the bay is very high, and there is the little river of Castors, the entrance to which is dan- gerous and shallow, therefore seldom frequented. From the northern point of this bay a rocky shoal extends all the way to Point Ferolle, stretching out 2^ miles from the shore. Point Fbrollb lies N.E. by E. from Point Rich, distant 32 miles ; it is of moderate height, and joined to the main by a neck of land, which divides the Bay of St. John's from New Ferolle Bay, making it appear like an island when seen from a distance ; its northern shore is bold-to, and this part of the coast will easily be known by the adjacent table land of St. John's, the west end of which mountain lies from the middle of Ferolle Point S. by W., and its east- ern end S. E. f S. New FEROMiE Bay is a small cove lying to the eastward of the point, and is quite flat all over, there being not more than 2 and 3 fa- thoms at any part ; it is quite open to the northerly winds, has a stage on etich side of it, with plenty of room for others. St. Margaret's Bay is large, and has several islands within it, also v^irious inlets or coves, aflbrding good anchorage, particularly on its western side, which is the best situation for ships, being most clear of danger, and con anient for wooding and watering ; on its banks are spruce and fir trees in plenty, and many rivulets of fresh water. Dog Island is to the eastward of Point Ferolle full 3 miles, ami only divided from tliemain at high water; it is higher than any land near it, which gives it the appearance, when seen from the eastward, of an island situated at some distance from the main. Old Ferol lb.— Ferolle Island lies about 5 miles to the eastward of Dog Island. This island lies parallel to the shore, and forms the harbour of Old Ferolle, which is very good and safe : the best entrance to it is at the S.W. end of the island, passing to the southward of a small island in the entrance, which is bold-to : us soon as you are within it, haul up E.N.E. and anchor under the S.W. end of Ferolle Island, in B or 9 fathoms, good ground, quite land-locked. There is also good anchorage any where along the inside of the island, and a good channel up to the N.E. end thereof. There are some little islands lying at the N.E. end of Ferolle Island, and on the outside are some ledges of rocks a small distance off. BAY OF ST.OENEVEIVE.— From the north end of Ferolle Island to St. Geneveive Head the course is E.N.E. 4^ miles, and THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 81 .ich ; oil for the Westerly istern, or d, vessels and shei- sufe an« >ne large lerii end ; to 25 fa- N.E. by ;er about I'ks above id them, ;ry high, ta IS dan- northern t Ferolle, iatant 22 neck of olle Bay, ince ; its easily be of wiiich i its east- rd of the and 3 fa- 18 a stage vithin it, ularly on lost clear )ankB are ter. Dog divided it, which tn island tward of >rin8 the entrance rard of a you are Ferolle There is d, and a ne little outside Ferollc les, and thence to the west end of Currant Island it is N. Eastward about 3 miles. There are several small islands lying in and before this buy, only two of which are of any considerable extent. The albre-meii- tioned Currant Island is the northernmost of the two, and the lart^est; it is of a modernte height, and when you are to the E.N.E. of it, the western point will appear bluff, but not high ; and when you are to the westward of it, it appears flat and white. The other, called Gouse- berry Island, lies nearly a mile to the southward of it, and its tvest point bears from the west point of Currant Island S.S.VV. ^ W. nearly a mile. Gooseberry Island has a cross on its S.W. end, from which point stretches out a ledge of rocks, near half a mile to the southward ; there is also a hhoul alxmt half a mile to the W.S.W. from the S.W. point of Currant Island. The best channel into this bay is to the southward of these islands, between the rocks which stretch off them and a small inland lying S.S.W. from them (whieh island lies near the south shore) ; in this channel, which is very narrow, there are not less than 5 fathoms at low water, and the course in is E. by S. southerly, until you come the length of the afore-mentioned island, passin<; which you should haul to the isouthward, and bring St. Geueveive Mead be- tween the small island and the main, in order to avoid the middle bank. You may either an<'hor behind the small island in 5 or <) fa- thoms water, or proceed farther, with the said mark c)n, until the S.W. arm is open, atid anchor in the middle of the hay, in 7 ^'i* '^ fathoms water. Here is wood and water to be had. There is tolerable ^ood anchoring in most parts of the bay ; bnt the snuggest place is the S.W. arm ; the entrance to it is narrow, and has only 4 fathoms at low water. In coming into the bay, if you get out of the channel o:i either side, you will shoalen vonr water immediately to 3 or 2 fathoms. BAY OF ST. BARBE.— From the wcnI end of Currant Island to St. Barbe Point, it is E. by N. 2^ miles, and from St. Barbe Point to Anchor Pouit, it is N.N.E. nearly IJ mile. Betvveen them lies the Bay of St. Barbe; it runs in S. by E. about 2 miles from Anchor Point. To s.til in, give Anchor Point, ant side, in 5 fathoms water, on sand and njud, quite land-lucked. Near this place branch out 2 arms or rivers, one called the (y S. aliont one-third of a mile; there are no other dangers betwt en it and the JScjtl Islands l»nt what he very near the hhore. Tl.e ^eal hliUcU are whi»e and rocky, aiui must not l)e a| - proached but with care cm their north and western siiles, because there are some sunken rock»- n* ar them. Fr»m the N.W. Seal island, to the N.W. exlremily of Flowtr I, 82 SAILING DIUECTIONS FOR ■1.^ Ledge, it u N.N £. nenr 2 miles ; part of this leJge nppeurs at low water, and there ure 10 futhoms clone on its off-side From 'the north part of Flower Ledge to Grenville Ledjje, it is about 1^ mile E. by S. and Grenville Led^e lies about two> thirds of a mile W. by N. from the eastern point of Mistaken Cove, between whirh and Seal Islnnds lies also Nameless Cove and Flower Cove, neither of which are tit for ships. Close to the eastward of Mistaken Cove is Savage Cove, which has a little island in its entrance, and is oidy Ht for smnll vessels and boats. Sandy Bay lies 3 miles eastwnrd from Savage Cove, where small vessels may ride in3^or 4 fathoms water, with the wind from E. to S, W. Green Island. — About E.N.E 5 large miles from Sandy Bay is Green Island ; between them, at 3 miles distance W. ) S. from Green Island, is the north extremity of Double Ledge, which extends nearly two-thirds of a mile from the shore, and has only 8 or 9 feet water on it. Green Island lies about three-fourths of a mile from the main, is two-thirds of a mile in length, very low and narrow, snul agreeable in colour to the name it bears ; from the east end of it a ledge of rocks ex- tends three fourths of a tniletotlie eastward, on which the sea breaks in bad weather. There ure 4 or 5 fatlionis water in the chiiiinel between the island and the main, where ships may anchor if necessary. To go in from the westward keep the ishind close on board fur the deepest water, which is 4 fathoms ; and going in from the eastward keep the main on board. From this island to the o[)posite part of the Coast of Labrador, called Castles or Red Cliffs, wli'ch is the narrowest part of the Strait of Belle Isle, the distance is about 3^ Ii.'ugues^ and they bear from each other N.N.W. and S.S.E. From Green Island to Boat's Head it is E. ^ N. 8 leagues; be- tween there is no shelter on the coast, but to the south-eastward of Bout's Head is a cove, called Boat IIarb(»nr, uherc small vessels and boats may lie very secure, except with N.E. winds. Cape Norman lies E. 4 miles from Boat's Head, and is the northern- most point of land in Newfoundland, as already stated. TIDES. — The tides flow at the full and change of the moon as fol- lows : at New and Old Ferolle, till u c|uarter after eleven o'clock ; in the Bays of CMiievcive and St. liarbe at half after ten, and at Green Island until nine. Spring tides rise 7 feet, neaps 4 feet. In the Bay of Fistolet it flows till three (juarters after six, and in Noddy Harbour and Griquet until a (quarter after five : spring tides rise 5 feet, neaps about 3. Before Quirpon, in settled weather, the tide sets to the south < ward U hours out of the 12, and stronger vlian the northern stream. In the Strait of Belle Isle, the flood, in the ofRng, sets to i:he westward two hours after it is high water on the shore ; but in blowing weather, this stream is suhjeet to many alterations. In crossing the Straits of Belle Isle from Quirpon to Chateau Buy, your soundings will be irregular, from 20 to 30, and in some places, from 30 to 38 fathoms. In the stream, or middle of the strait, you will Hnd 25 and 39 fathoms, coarse sand and broken shells, and towurdn Chateau Bay 45 to 80 fithoms ; within a mile of the Lubra- dor Coast ure 35, 30, and ^15 fathoms. To the northward, between Belle Jele and St. l*tter't Bay, there are 59, 86, 90, 0tr iits Ni^er Sound, an inlet about 6 iiiitett deep, and liuviiii; tteveral Hiiutll islandH bel'ore it. To enter the bound thet>e may he |iass«^d either to the north or houth, btteriiifr in ahout N. by W. the anchorage being on the north side of the bOUnd in fathoms. Cape Charles Harbour. — From the north point oF Cape Charleii Ulnnd into Ca|»e Cliarles Harbour, the course \h N.W. J N. and the dibtance 4 nide«. This harbour is lornied by Kyre and Little Carabou iblands on the east and N.K. sides, and by the niain on the S.VV. uule : in it thtrt- is veiy <^«iod ancharii^e from 17 to '•J2 hithouiH water, on a niA«idy bottom. Y«iu may hail into it on either side of C'entre Island, but tlte liett passn<;e it« between it and Little Carabou. From Cape Charles Ulaud to the Ihittle Islaiidis, the conrHC is E.N.E. ^ N. and the distaiue 4^ miles. This course will carry you to the eastward of the rocks whieh lie a lurj^e mile to the eastward of the norlherrimobt Battle Island, whi( h island is hi^^h and round at top. From the northcri.moht liattk Ishind to the Kiver ishuKls the course isN.W.jW. distaiiie 6 miles. To the Westward of Pockliiigton Island (which IS one of the Kiver l^landt>) there is anclioraj^e for vetiseU in 30 or 35 fathoms uatt r, on muddy bottom. N'essels may p;iss to the southward of these island;! up the river St. Lewis. From the south point of i'ocklin^ton Isliuid to Cutti.r Harbour, the course is W. | S. distance one mile. In this harbour is tolerable good anchorage for small vtsnels. From the noithernmost Hattle Hand to the entraiK e of the river St. Lewis, the course tn N.N.W.^ W . 7 mili-s ; thence the course up the river is N.W. \ W. 3 mihs ; then N.N.W. i W. 8 miles to Wooily Island. At about 4 miles up from the entrance is very good anchor- age, and eontinuts so until you get up as hi>;h as Woody Island ; but above the island there are several siioals. The north point of the river is low land for about 2 miles u|>, then the land on both sides is rather high and woody ; at the lie.id of the river is very Hue wood of diflVrent kinds, such as birch, fir, juniper, and spruce. The liver btems to be well stored with salmon. St. Lkwis Sound lies I mile to the northward of the north |)oint of St. Lewis Kiver ; it runs up W. by N. 3 miles, at the head of which is very good anchorage, but care must be taken lo H\oid a shoal which stretches olV from a sandy beach on the larboard side, at about 2 uiiles within the tntraiice. DctK Harbour. — From the northernmost Battle ! .land to the entrance of DeetHarbtiur, the to be point of if which which 2 uiileb to the line 12* ichur ill > not the bju'k of i'oriited ard and !upe St. CHpe is uiboiir, be very Point Sprab. — From Cape St. Lewis to Point Speur i» about 6i miles N.E. ^ N. Between, at the distance of 4 milfs from the former, is Petty Harbour, which runs in about l| mile N.W. by N. but is very narrow at the entran<'e. About 3 miles N.VV^. by N. from Point Spear is the entrance of h bay which branchesotf into three harbours ; namely, Sophia Harbour, Poft Charlotte, and Mecklciibiirg Harbour, in either of which there is ^'oud anchorage, and well blieltered from all winds t u large plan of them isDii the plate From Point Spear to St. Francis Inland, the couise is nearly N. and the distance G miles; between them is the entrance of Akxis Uiver, in which are several aiicliorin>^ places. About W, 1^ S. marly 2 milts from St. Francis Tslaml is Mercimnt- man Harbojr, on the cast end of Denbi<^)i Island ; it is small, and the depth IS ftom 15 to 7 fathoms. Fishing Sllil' Hauhouh. — From St. Francis Ulainl to the north- ernmost Fishinji; Island the course is N.N.E. 4 N. and the di>laiit e 3 utiles. The Fishing Islands are three in niiinber, the two northern- most of which are coniiecteil by a beach, wliiih with the main forma Fishing Ship Harbour, where ships may lie latid-lockcd ("Cc-ure from all winds, in from 14 to 5 iathonis water. The entrance is to the south- ward, on either side of the southern Fi.Nhing Island. Between Fishing Islands and (iranby l&laiid to the sout)iX\-ai-d is the northern entrance intoCiilbcrt's Kiver ; but the southern entrance, be- tween Denbigh Island and the main, is the widest : there is also nn en- trance between Denbigh and Granby Islands. Six inih-sN.by W.^VV. from the northernmost Fishing Island, and lb miles N. by W.^ VV. from Point Spear, is Cape St. INIichael, which is high and steep towards the sea. About 2i miles to the souliiward of Cape St. Michael, is theen- trance of Occasion il Ilarbonr, which runs in VV.S.W nearly 2 luiles, with a depth of from 30 to \.0 fithoms. Cape St. Michael lies in the latitude of 5-2" 47' N. and beside* being high and steep towards the sea, may be known Ijy a huge bay which forms to the northward of it, having a number of large and small islands in it. The largest cf these islands, called S({uare Isluiui, lies in the moutii ui the bay, f^ .'i ^ miles long, and is very high land. ST. MICHAEL'S BAY'.— Thy best anchorage lor small vessels in St. Michael's Bay, is on the iOuth side ; that is, keep Cape St. Miel>:H'!'H shore on board, then ket'p aloit'^ the south side of the first island yon meet svilh, which is called Lo.ig Island, till you are nearly as tar as the west end o( it, where yon may anchor in from 12 to 20 fathoms, land-locked, uiid may work out to sea again on either side of Long Inland. Fioin Cape St. Mi<-hael to the entrance of Square Island Harbour, the <;ourse is N.N.W. 3 J miles ; in the entrance lies a small isle of a moderate height, to the westward of which is the best passage into and out of the harbour, there being only 2 fathoms water iu that to the eastwaid of it. The N.E. point of Square Island is a hi^h round hill, and makes, 'i" ' > ing from the southward, like a separate island, being only joined by a low narrow neck of land. N.N.W. distance 1 league from this point, lieif the entrance .oto Dead Island Harbour, which is only SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR lit for MinaU vmskU, untl is formed by u number of iidfinilii. Between thefte iitUndt and Cupe BlnflT there is u piiHsage out to sen. Cape Bluff lies distant 8 miles from Cape St. Michael, and is very high land, rugged at the top, and steep towards the hea. These capes ibrm the bay of St. Michael, in which are several arms well stored with wo6d. Cape Bluff Harbour is small, and only fit for small vessels. To •ail into it, keep Cape Bluff shore on board till you come to a small island, then pass to tiie eastward of it and anchor. From Cape Bluff to Barren Island the course is north, distance i league; and from the south point of this l*laiid to Snu<^ Harbour, ' the course is west, distance 1| mile. This is but a small harbour, but in it there is very i^ood anchorage in 26 fathoms water, and no danger in sailing in or out. Oi>e mile to the northward of Barren Islan ! lies Stoncy Island ; and within these ishtnds on the main, lies Martin and Otter Bays, in the northernmost of which is very good anchorage and plenty of wood, and no danger but what shows itself. Duck h ardour. — On the west side of Sioney Island is Duck Harbour, which i* very good for smuli vtsseU. Large vess**!** may ani-hor between the west pttint of Stoney Island and Douiile Islaiuf, in 90 or 24 fathoms water, and may sail out to 8eaaj;ain,on either side of Slaiiey island, in yieat safety. Hawke Island lies I mile to the northwuni of Stoney Island. 'Within Hawke island lies Hawke Bay, which runs to the westward : leagues, and then branches into two arms, one rutminir to the W, by S. 2 It-ajjines, and thu other N.W. by W. 5 miles; these arms itre well stored with wood. After you are within Pigeon Island there }» very good ani'liorage (luite to the head of bolfi arn»s. Ou the south side of Hawke island lies Ka^le C'tye, wherein is very good anciiorage for larj^e vessels, iti 30 or 40 fathoms wut«r ; small vesmis may anchor at tlie 'lead in 7 ur 8 fathoinx. On the main within Hawke Island, about 5 miles to the I<1. by N. of Hawke Bay, lies Caplin Bay, in which is very good anchorage, and plenty of wood at the head. Partridge Bay lifs 4j miles to the northward of Hawke Island. In this buy is very good aiu borate, out ditlicutt of access, unless acquainted, by reason of a number of small islands and rocks which lie before the mouth of it. The land hereabout may be easily known. 1'he south poii-v. of tiie bay is a remarkable htt^h table hill unci barren ; and all the loud itctween this hill and Cape St. Michael is high, but the land to the northward of it is low. Seal islands. — From Cape St. Michael to the southernmost of the Sey Islands the course is N.E. ^ N. J) leagues; and from thence to Round Hill Island the course is N. by E. and the distance 11^ miles; this island is the east«.rle high ronn ' hi!l on the west part of it. From Round Hill hlaud to Spotted Isljind thie; course is N.N.VV. 4 N* distance 1^ league. From Spotted Island the land trends a.vay to the N.V". ami appears to be several large ikhmd':. From the southernmost Seal \ 'ands to White Rock the course is S.N.E. i E. about 5 miles. From this rock the course into Shallow ay is W. ^ S. distance 4 miles. There is tolerable good anchorage Tflll IS wut«r ; iiiiiin Buy. " wood stliind. unlets which :nowii. arren ; i» but. lost of thence miles; d may t. I.VV.| ,vay to irse is hallow horuge THR ISLAND OK NEWFOUNDLAND. 87 in this hay, and no diinger except n small rock which lies oft' a cove on the hirbourd huiwl, and uboiil oite-third of the bur over ; this rock is uncovered at low water. There is very little wood in this bay. From White Hock to Porcupine Island the course is N.N.W. distant 2 leagues. This island is hij^h and barren, anage along the south side of thia island into Huntingdon Harbour: lu it you may anchor frt>m 1,5 to 5 fathoms water, buc the best anchorage is in about b fathoms near the island ; here you will lay secure from all winds, and be very handy for wooding and water- ing, there being plenty o{' both on the island. SANDWICH BAY On the S.W. side of Huntingdon Island lieH Earl Island, on either side of which is a passage into Sandwich Bay, wimh is a very tine one, bein.^ (i or 8 miles broad and G leagues deep, having j;reat plenty of wood, and four line rivers that seem to be Well stored with siilmon. There is very good anchorage in a cove on the east side of this bay, and on the north side under ii high mountain ; from tlie slioii' at the loot pf the inonnt.iin, and i«>r about 5 miles to the westwarti, the htmruiings siretih ntl'giadualiy troino to -25 fathoms, muddy lioltimi, ami are about 3 miles from the shore. The passage into the b:iy. on the we.«l side of Huntingdon aniu the u will water- Ishiiid dwi<'h •ajjiies to he ove on ntuia ; ilt's to iioins, usMiu;e liir huH tht' ' CAPE YORK TO THE ESQUIMAUX ISLANDS GKEEN, RED, AND BLACK BAYS.-.From York Point, i he southern entrance uf Ciiuteuu Buy, to Barge Point, the lourae ami cli»tunce is W. by S. fi^ leaguiga; from ]iarge Point to Saddle Island is neiirly west 10 miles; between these is Green Bay, a pluce where small vessels may anchor in 12 i'uthoms water, but o|H'ii to the 8. Eaaterly winds. Rbd Bay is an excellent harbour, and may always be known by Saddle Island, which lies at its entrance; this island rises up at each end, and sinks down in the middle, somewhat stniilar to a saddle ; there is also a remarkuble round hill on the western oidc of the bay, and opposite to the west end oi' Saddle Island, which will tend lo point out the harbour ; the land on the west side of the bay is high, the eastern side rather low, and the head of the bay is hi^h and woody : in sailing into this plu( e there is little danger, the puhsage is to the westward of Saddle Island, only taking care lo give a herth .to the rock, which, at a (juurter ebb, is above water, »nd lies otVtlie western |M>int of the main laud, and aUo not lo come too near to theinner pait of Saddle island, as u shoal stretches oil' it about the lenglii of a cable. Tlie western bay lies in to the northward of the weskrn ^oint, and has very good anchorage with westerly winds, but soinewhuL open to the eastward ; there is no passsige, except for boats, lo the eastward of Saddle Island : vessels coming from tlic eastward must be careful to go clear of a small rock, which lies about a mile from the two black rocky islets which are at the east end of Saddle Island, and neurit mile of}' the shore: the hi^h round hill at the west side of the bay on with the saddle of Saddle Uluiul, will had you directly upon the rock, and the sea commonly breaks over it. Black Bay li'^s to the W.S. W'tstward, distant lo miles from Saddle Island ; the anchorage here is tolerably good, but too much exposed to the S.E. winds. S.W. by S. from Ship Head, which is the western point u( cntiunce to Black Bay, distant 1^ mile, is St, IVJodeele Island ; it is binull and low, but vessels frequently run in to a pi'ice within the island, called St. Modeste Bay, and anchor ; but this, though occasionally used, canuot be recommeuded. Wolf's Cove, or l'Ance ue Loup.— S.W. by W. from v*st. Modeste Uland, distant 4^ milts, begiu some remarkable red cliffs, which continue full 2 miles, and form the eastern point of Wolf'a (^ove; this is high tableland, terminutiug with stiep^ cliffs towards the sea. The entrance to Wolf's Cove is about 2 miles wide, the two points of the rove bearing from each other S.W. and N.E. ; there is good andiorage at the head of this cove in 12 fathoms water, and also on the western aide, in Schooner's Cove, where small vessels may lie saff ly in 7 fathoms, on u bottom of sand. FORTE A U BAY.^This bay lies 5 or 6 miles to the wesUvard of WolTsCove, tlw shore between them is rather low ; it is about J miles broa«i, and runs in nearly tlie same distance; on the western side, near M 00 SAILING DIKECTIONS POK . I the hfud of the buy, (■ |{ooti i xling, in I'roin 10 (o \6 nithoiofl, buC ex|M>Me(l to the Miithwnril. Off the euit point of the bay it ■ rock, which appenrs like n shallop under tail ; url on the we»teri) side of the buy m u full of wnter, which, on comtitr trixm the eiiAtward, will eu^ily l)e percfptilile. WVnt 7 mile« from the western point of For- teiiii Bay it Uiami un Doit, Hitd 2 milcii weHtwitrd nt* ihiit it Orten iKltiiid ; the roriiier of ihf ? it oF mmlenitc ht?i^ht, iinti lint u gooetween it and Point Belle't Amour; the point itiieir it low and green, but about n mile inland, it rises up to high tidile hind : and further inland are three reiiuirknble hills, culled our LiidyN Bnbbies ; thete are round, and may be 9een nil along the coa^t, lyini; to the N. Eastward about S leagnet distance from the Lland of Letern side is Blubber Cove, where small vesselt may anchor in H and 'i^ fathoms. There are two pasoages into Bmdore Harbour, but tliat to the northward of the Uland of Ledges it by no meant tafe, on account of the number of rockn scattered about it. To enter the eastern passage, you must take cure to avoid a small rock, which lies about S.W. by W. a quarter of n mik from the low point on the main, where the houseM stand ; on tint rock the sea commonly breakt, and Hhows itself at a (piarter ebb: on the eastern tide, within thit rock, it Shallop ('live ; from the point above the cove, ^i thoal stretches off about ii cable's lell^th from the tthore, and continues nearly the same ri<*tMnce, qiiive to the head of the harbour. tJ.jQinMACX KIVEUand BAY.- From Point Bel le*t Amour to the onier F.sqnin)aiix Island, the course ami distance is VV. by S. 10 or n miles; N.N. 10. about 4 miles from which there it good an(hora<;e, between two high islands, for tmall vessels; and within ihtse lies the Kiver K*quimnujt. From hence to Dog Itland, it a chain or cluster of small islands and rocks, the eatternmott of which are commonly called the Esquimaux Islands; the middle onet, the Old Furt Islands; nnd the western' ones, the Dog Islands; within these, and on the main iund, are variont good bayt and places of tlielter ; but the entrances to them ore so intricate, narrow, nnd dan- gerous, that no person, unless well acquainted, should attempt to navigate a vessel through them ; thete islands extend from the outer Esquimaux Island nearly 4 IcHgues, and some of them Hre full 4 miles from the land. LiTTi.B Bay Tut W.N.W. about Smiles from the Dog Itluiidt, in which small vesselt may find very good anchorage ; nearly a mile to the westward of Little Bay, it the Bay O'Omar ; thit bay runs up N.E. by N. nearly 3 miles, tbo land on both sides being very high. < THR 19LANU OF NEWKOUNULANU. •I 16 futhoiDt, buf lie bay n m rock, lie wekteru tide of he eiiAtwarci, will ern (loiut of For- or ihitt it Orien lint I hat II gooil iiiy, where a vessel t Inoie tiindt imd n Ulundt it pood, the eiisterii tide of on ; there it iilio li leHdt tn Hrudorc vf Cirnnd Point 11 ■ctly oft tiie |>oiut. mid to hiiind of \ ; the Flurbour of reen it and Point but about n mile inland are three i are round, and Eattward about this island is of K-ks ubout it ; on lis may anchor in (lore Harbour, but no means lafe, on it. To enter the I rock, which lies low point on the 'ommonly breakt, within this rock, loal stretches off nearly the same nt Belle*N Amour iince is VV. by S. ch there it good melt; and within Jo^ Island, is a ernmust of which middle ones, the Itlands ; within ^ s anil places of narrow, and dun- lould attempt to 1 from the outer n Hre full 4 miles he Dog Islaiidt, ; nearly a mile this buy runs up beinn very high. but the western shore it the highest ; its width it about 9 cables* liiigth, but uif the covet it \% broader ; out»i(li' of the eutteru fioiitt of the bay are 9 small islets, a cable's length troin hind. Thit buy bus ^ood anchorage, the Inrtt place liein^ 9 miles uithin the eiitnince, opposite a woody cove, on the wt!ide alto, a mile within the entniiice, it a leuiuikuble green cove, but thit becoinet thoal a hliurt di>ttiii(e Imni the shore. I'Vom the cntraiiif ol' the iiay li'Oinui- to Uuw) l»luns yon have a fienh of wind, the rockt will then show theintelvet by the sea breaking over tlicm. From Bowl Itland to Shecatica, the course is W. by N. itbnul 9 leagues; and 3 miles G.N.E. from ShecaticH Itland it the Bay of Petit Peiie, running in N.N.E. about 5 miles ; but thit place is scarcely fit fur vesitels to go into, becau«>e the wuter is too dee|i, thj entrance too narrow, the ground bad, and the whole bay open to the southerly winds. MISTANOGUE BAY lit >ont 9 miles to the westward of Petit Pene ; there is a good chauutl lietween the Itland Shecatica and the main, and many seals arc frequently caught there. Before the entrance to the Bay of Mittanogue, lies an itland of therame name; here, between the island and the river, the anchorage is good, with from lA to SO fathoms wuter, the ground buldt well, and there it room enough to moor. To go into this road, you should pats round the western end of the island, which is bold-to, or elite round its eastern end, and between it and Shecatica; but *hit latter passage is fit only for small ves»els. In the Bay of Mistanogue the anchorage is good up to the very head, the channel is both long and narrow ; the Itland and the main land, at the entrance, has a barren ap|)earaiice, and is high, but both wood and water may be obtained in the bay. Shecatica Bay runs close in to the westward of Miittanogue Island, and extends many miles up the country, its course bending to the northward, and having variout branches and turnings, with numerous islands capable of giving shelter to vesHels of all descrip- tions ; but these are little frequentetl, and connequently not well known, l>esides the passages are too narrow fur strangers to attempt the navigation of. SuAo Island and Rocks.— Nearly S. W. by W. distant above 9 leagues from the Island of Mistanogue, in the Shag Island and Rocks: the itland is small, high, and has a round peaked hill in the middle ; to the eastward of it are a number of rocks above water, the .N.E. # N. abo ily be distin^ui bout 3 miles outermost lying E.S.E. 4 E. l4 mile from the island. CUMBERLAND H. from the outer Sha^ Rocks, and may readily be distinguished by a remarkable high hill on the main land, appearing tike a castle at its summit, being a steep cliff, looking like walls; this hill lies N. by W. oearlv 3| leagues from the entranc*e to the harbour. The outer islands, which form the harbour, are called the Duke and Cumber- land Islands; these are moderately high, the eastern one makini^ in IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 120 |2£ |25 ■^ Uii |2.2 m m 1— '-"^ llll'-^ M 6" ► ^m w w ^' °9 HiotQgraphic Sciences (jDrporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SS0 (716) S72-4S03 .<^ ^ ^ 1^4^ %^ 92 SAILING DIRECTIONS FOH J!\M jhrurouinl htlU. To enter this harbour there \h no danger iiiit mt hut appearb above water, except one «nvall rock, wbich lies south ttboot half a mile from the we&tern heiid ; the entrance to the harbour is m quarter of a mile wide, and the inlet half a mile long ; from the ea!Btern bead you must Hteer for the inner point on the western side, and after you reach that point, haul over to the eastward, and anrhor in from 20 to 7 fathomb, excellent ground, and room enou^^h for any ships*, this is by far the most commodious and best harbour on the coast, aud also the easiest of access ; fresh water is plentiful, but for wood you must go to Shecatica Bay. Sandy Island Bay. — N.W. by N. about 2^ miles from Shu{( Island, is the bay and harbour of Sandy Island ; to sail into tliis, yun should pass to the eastward of the Murr Rocks, keeping the starboard point of the bay on board, yon will then perceive a sniul) rock above water to the N.N. Westward; this lies off the entrance of the har- bour; you may pass on either side of this rock, and thea steer in N.N.E. ^ N. for the harbour ; there is no other danger : here you will have room enough to moor in 5 or 6 fathoms water, with good ground and safe riding ; there is no wood here, but water in ^plenty. PORT AND RIVER ST- AUGUSTJNE The entrance to -the Port and River St. Augustine, is between Shag Island and St. Augustine Square; the west island, which is moderately tu^h, the western part being the highest, and quite Jow iu the middle, but ntSt ei^ly to be distinguished at a distance, on account of the islands within it being much higher ; a third of a mile to the eastward of this is the East Island, somewhat larger, not quite so high, but even at the summit; between these islands, after passing the Chain and Square islands, is a safe passage for small vessels t» enter this port ; and they can anchor between the West and Round Islands, or run on to the northward, pass Round Island, aud stop in 6 or 7 fathoms, with plenty of room to moor. S.W. by W. about half a league from west part of St. Augustine's Island, is a string of small Islands, commonly called St. Augustine's Chain, the outermost of which is a remarkable smooth round rock« and to the westward of this one qwirter of a mile are several rocks under water, over which the sea constantly is breaking, some of these are visible at one-third ebb ; half a mile W.S.W. from these is a high black rock above water, and between these two is tlie best pasaiuge ior .- jarge vessels into the Port of St. Augustine: you should steer from this black rock, towards a remarkable low point, which will bear N.N.E. i N. until you open the port, then haul in and anchoriis before directed ; or you may steer up the passage between this ipoint UNJDIyAND. if hat Mrhut outh about urbour is a ; from the ■II side, and I anchor in Lf^h for any K>ur on the ful, but for from Shtt{^ to UiiB, yon: 16 starboard rock above of the bar- ken steer in kereyou will ood ground y. entrance 'to and and St. ly hi^h, the die, but n6t the blands twardoflhis but even at Chain and |?r .this port ; s, or run on iithoma, with Augustine's •A ugustine's round rock'* everal rucks ome of these ese is a high pasafuge tor J steer from :h will bear lor us before point dnd ranee of the ying in «hc enter ; there «iile« Up it ''efttward fot- ttt Mecatina 1 mile; tbe y harbours; a to Ha-Ha Bay, cuonot beseen, and the udjarent islands are so high, so iituner- ou«, end so near each other, that although there are navigable paassMS between them, yet you cannot discover their entrances, nor perceive them to be islands, until you get near and are aitangled among them. EAGLE H.ARBOUU.—This lies at the western end of Long Island, to the eastward of Ha-Ha Bay, and is formed by a cluster of islands, being capable of holding la great number of vmsels in seen- riity ; in it ane from 20 to 10 fathoms water, the ground holding weU. In order to find out this anchorage, it will be adviseable io make for tile Great Islaiuf of Mecatrna, from whence you should sha:pe year course for the Fox Islands, which lie S.S.E. | S. one large mile from the westernnwst entrance of the harbour ; it nray silso ibe known by a deep bay toithe eastward, without any islands in it, while to tlie west- ward there are a great many. But if you intetid sailing in to the eastward, you should steer from the Fox Islands N.N.E. i E. S| miles into the bay, when you will observe, to the N.!N.. Westward of you, a remarkable high island, round which, to the northward, is a safe pas- sage of three fathoms into the barbour, where yon will ride in safety, well 'Sheltered from all winds. In the western passage to this harbour there are s4 fathoms; this is, however, a narrow channel, fit only for small vesaels, and running in between many soauU islands. This part of the coast is very dungeiwus for any vessel to fall in with, in dark and fog^ weather, on account of the infinite >uumlber of sioaU low islets and rocks about it, many of the latter being under water,' and to avoid which no practical murk tcan be given; it will, therefone, always be adviseable and prudent to kens^ off Uie coi'St to a eomsidemble distance. HA-HA BAY.**- This bay lies on the main, to the westward of Eagle Harbour, and has several small isVands at its entrance, fornung separate entrances; the best of these is that which Vies between Seal Point and Round Island, leaving all the islands on the istairboord side ; this is a wide and safe passage, having no danger bat what is visible. Ho^Ha Bay runs in to the northward about 7 miles, and has many islands at its head, on the starboard side ; within these islands, to the eastward, ace numerous anchorages, with from Q to 30 fiithoms water; vessels may also occasionally anchor all along the easteraside of the bay in 12 and 14 fathoms, muddy bottom, but on the wies tern side the water is too deep. N.N.W. ^ N. about two miles froin the entrance oun the west side, is a high bluff head ; round this head IV. W. by W. half a mile, is a small but safe harbour for small vessels, in which you will have 12 fathoms, good ground:; this harbour is formed by an island, on either side of which thene is a narrow but safe passage. Little Fish Harbour is tothe southwai^of Ha-Ua Bay, and runs in westerly ; it is small and formed by an island covered with wood; you may sail in on either side of the island .; but the noitiieni passage is considered to be the better of the two;; in the bay to the southward of the islland is a ledge of rocks, partly visible at all times. S.E. by £. from the Woody isUiod lies a roclk, on which are only two fethoms at low water. You may uocImmt in the harbour at tlie back of this islaAd in 7 or H lathoms, and have plenty of room to moor. Of[ the northern point of the entrance to this harbour, oalled Seal Point, are two little islands, and a small sandy cove, where « seal fishery is carried on. . 'ti'axr#i5E^- p^<»«.r«4,^j| ii-J* Jo I 94 s. Xi' SAILING DIKECTIONS FOR MT - n Between Fi»h Harbour uiid Ha-Hu Bay there is a very remarkable round high hill, making in a peak, which may serve as a laud mark to iKtiiit out either of these places of unchorage. GREAT MECATINA ISLAND lies 3 miles off the main land, it is 3i| miles long and about 3 miles broad, being the most remarkable land at this part of the coukt ; it rises up in the middle, which is much higher than either of the ends; its E.N.E. point maizes like a btuif head, and round this head to the northward, within a cluster of small islands, there is a cove running in about one mile and a half; in this cove vessels can saiely anchor in from 14 to 30 fathoms, good ground, and may obtain both wood and water. Mbcatina Harbour is formed behind Mecatina Island on the main; it is safe but small, yet will admit vessels of burthen, there being not less than 3 fathoms, ut low water, in either passage to it; but they must moor head and stern, there being no room to moor otherwise. To sail in through the western passage there is no danger, but to sail in through the eastern channel you must observe thetbl* lowing diiections. From the eastern point of Mecatina Island steer North towards the main laud, keep that close on board until you get the western point of the island on with the poiiit of Dead Cove; this is a small cove op the main, which lies open to the eastward ; the land which forms it is very low, with some brushwood upon it ; then sail on in that direction until you get abo\'e u stony point, which is the north side of the said cove; or until you bring the north poh.t of Gull Island, which is a small island, lying £. by N. distant one mile from Mecatina lbland,on with the E.N.E. point of Mecatina Island, you will then be within a spit of rocks which stretches off the island, and must haul over for Mecatina Island, in order to avoid a ledge which runs off from the point of Dead Cove ; and when you bring the western pas. sage open, you may anchor in 6 or 7 fathoms water. Vessels coming from the eastward, and bound for the Harbour of Mecatina, in passing to the northward of Gull Island, should be careful either to keep Gull Island or the main land close on board, in order to avoid a sunken rock that lies near half way between Gull Island and the main, on one part of i which there is not above 3 feet water. The highest part of the land between Grand Point and Ha-Ha Bay is directly over the Harbour of Mecatina. Tub Grand Point of Miiicatina is the extremity of a pro- montory, which runs out from the main land, it is low at the point, but rises inland, sloping gradually up utitil it becomes of considerable height ; it may easily be recognized by the adjacent ibiands and rocks which are about it ; the nearest is a small low rock, not far from the point ; two of these islands are much larger, and rise much higher than the others ; and the outermost are small, low, rocky islands, lying 9^ miles off the point. S.E. by £. live miles and a half from the Grand Point, are the Murr Islands and Rocks, and these are the most south- erly islands on all the coast. The northernmost Murr Inland bears from the other North a little Westerly, distant one mile; they are re- markable objects, being two barren rocks of moderate height, and Mteep all round. About half a mile E.S.E. from the southern Murr Island, are the two Murr Rocks, both appearing above witter, and £.^ S. from the same island lies a ledge of rocks under water on which the sea generally breaks. jKgg remarkable I laud mark ! main land* remarkable icli is much like a bliiif tter of small alf ; ill this ood grouiidf iland on the rtheii, there bsage to it ; im to moor s no danger, srve the Tol- Island steer ntil you get Cove; thin d ; the land L ; then sail irhich is the ou.t of Gull c mile from ind, you will d, and must hich runs off western pas- Bets coming I, in passing o keep Gull d a sunkeu nuin, on one best part of tly over the r of a pro- e point, but ousidwrable s and rocks ar from the higher than s, lying 9^ the Grand most south- &land bears they are re- leight, and thern Murr vriiter, and r on which THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND. # 95 Bay db Portagb.—- N.VV. by N. from the Murr Islands, distant two leagues, is the Bay de Portage, the land over which makes in a valley, each side being high ; at its entrance lies an island of moderate height, which forms the harbour ; you may enter on either side of this island, but the eastern passage is fit only (or small vessels, there being only 3 fathoms, in some part of it, at low warer. The western channel is sufficiently large and safe for any vessel to turn, there being from 6 to 8 fathoms in it ; but they must be careful to avoid two sunken rocks, on which are only 2| fathoms at low water. The northernmost of these lies from Mutton Island S. by W. distant one mile and a half; the southernmost rock bears from the Seal Rocks N.E. f N. distant half a mile; they are both bold-to, and vessels may borrow within a cable's length of Mutton Island or the Seal Rocks. To the westward of the Grand Point of Mecatina until you reach the Islanils of St. Genevieve, the easternmost of the Esquimaux Islands, the cuust appears unsurveyed. From the Grand Point it runs about W.S.W. 15 leagues to Cape Whittle, skirted by many islands and rocks, some of tnem lying 7 miles Irom the land ; in coasting along it will consequently be necessary to give it a wide berth. Vessels entering the Strait of Beile Isle, and being abreast of Cha- teau Point, distant 7 or 8 miles, or having brought the Red Cliff to bear West, distant 5 or 6 miles, may steer a W.S.W. | W. course, and they will go clear of all dangers. When having passed the South- maker's Ledge, which is the outermost reef, distant 7 miles from Cape Whittle, and bringing that cape to l>ear N. by W. or N. distant 8 miles or more, they may steer W. by N. past Wolf Island, until they see Mount Joli, a high mountain on the main-land ; bring that to bear N.W. bv N. and a N.W. 4 W. course will take them to St. Genevieve Island. All the islands along the coast of Labrador have a barren appear- ance, the outer ones being for the most part small, low, rocky islets, and the inner ones large and high, covered with a sort of green moss; while wood is scarce, and can only be procured in some places. TIDES. — The course and flowing of the tides along the whole const are irregular and uncertain, depending much upon the prevailing winds; and when the weather has been settled, high water takes place lit Shecaticu, on the full and change, about 11 o'clock; and at Mecatina at | past 9 : the rise of the tides being about 7 feet. At Reil Buy, the tide flows full and change at i| 'past 9; at Forteau Bay, at 1 1 ; ami at Bradore, at | past II. Springs rise at those places 7 feet, neaps 4 feet. in' ^ t ' .k .»UiU;!<-.' i; Ui ': COURSES AND DFSTANCES.^ ,^Mr^«.rjmj . .. • , I ''i.>.c ■ . , j :.^ ... . > .V'»;lr;f V f-'i vum Wh07 ;iJind-:nf! •. Magnetic ll|llitt<' -: .., ■*i , )' ,\iw lh if\ ■■'V-'^--''- Bt»fing». disUM; Vr»a» Gnifld Point of IVf ec«tiua. to: the, Outer Rocksr.... «..^« ;. ..^ S^S'iP'iP* •• *^ — Tlie Ottter Rocks to iKe Murr Koqkn!.. B.S.|:.J^» , «^ Murr Rocks to FUt Ulrind E.N.E.iE;4 . ,. . , *, «; Flatlsliind to Treble Hill lalund.... N.E.hyN. .....«* «^| Tr«blfe Hill Ulund to Fox Uand. N.N.E.f N , , . ». tr-e- Fox Island to St. Auguiitine'd Chuiii. . E.byN. ...... . . . ; |4t; St. Auerustint:** Chdiik t* Shag UUod. . E.N.E.^E 7^ . " ! ■ r—- Shag Rocks. . E.byN , 9 7—^ Shag Rocks to Shccatica laUiulvOtst end E.N*^.^ E. , 9 ^: These courses will :Gar.K(r>yM 0Uit^de.oCuU )• ^ 'jr^qA Ihe other Isluads atid fovKi, Passuij^ within ; . ;iv;{).«;>; ../ . Great Meciitina Island, the course and <)is- • t ';'?., •«',: > ,. tances along shore are— ~ > , From the Outer Rock« to the Buy of Purtaj»e N.N.W.^N 4 ■ ■ ■■ Mevatina Island, outer point » ..•.*•.. N.^ B , 4 ^*- — MecHtina outer point, to Gull islancl , . E.byN. .. ,,•*, . »^ I ^ Gull Island^to Greeu Uland^ Red Bay N.E.^E. .«.;.r>>-. fti ■ ii" i » . - K 'l. ."■ ' " ■>» La Boi' le Roek <..«>• E.N . E»| N . k .,.. • ; . 4' ■H*rm Ijai BotikRock to Greeu Island...... VV.byN......*.^ ... l^l ' *; >■ '< ■*'i i | i iii ; M j in i HM . i M ■ Duck Island. •.(..N.fW ..♦«♦♦ 3; -*' Duck Ishmd to Round Island, H^-Ha «i Bay N.E.JN. .. »■•.*->« Round Harbour into Little Fish Httt* .ii.Ui e bour *.. ^^iS.. U I II ■ ii>ii I H I I " — " ■ " ■■ ■ Ha^Haoay.... N.£m^E «,*.•«(!§ VesseUoften taking their departure from the ....>,-/ t».'n;. Grevt Idanti of Metiatintt, the Mtowing! bear- ^9 xtii t - < 30iT iugt.«nd distaneea will be found useful: . ;. i7ilt(■iu'n^^>■:^t)i•i»'■ fkinp tkt R«und Head of Mecatina to Meca* • '' •- l^- > m ;y; ' tin» Idldnd . •. * i .* « . .. fW.byN.JN.. .w».i 3| ^. , >. ^ t fi ,. ■.., , to the Outer Rocks »» St.W.^S. »: T. ■' ■ ■■' ■ - r i j i ' Murr Islands S.S.W.|S. ....... & -^-..^ .Flat Island S.byE 6; _ Loon Islands ^'^E. < Round Island, Ua- HaBay N.N.W.JN 61 __^_- Treble Hill Islands E.|S Si • Double Hill Islands N.N.E 5j _ Goose Islands N.E.fN 5^ _— Fox Island N.E.Ie 11 . St.Au^ustine^sChain E.N.E 95 ■■ Shecatica E.N.E "* 41 FINIS. Sears k Tsapp, PrinUn, II, Builge R«w, WalbMok, Londoii.