^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^/ ^O ^ <»*% .V^ ^t^l^ ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 UilM 12.5 •56 B3.2 mil/ 1^ 1^ 12.2 — 6" U IIIIII.6 V] /I %W > ?v 7 '> :> 7 ^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 <^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques ^ Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Nota* tacliniquaa at bibliograpiiiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat originai copy avaiiabia for fiiming. Faaturaa of thia copy which iray ba bibliographicaiiy uniqua. which may aitar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantiy change tha uauai mathod of fiimir.g, ara chacicad balow. D □ D D Coiourad covara/ Couvartura da couiaur |~1 Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommagta Covara ravtorad and/or iaminatad/ Couvartura raataur^a at/ou paiiicuite Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua I "^ Coiourad maps/ Cartas gAographiquas an couiaur □ Coiourad inic (i.a. othar than biua or biacic)/ Encra da couiaur (i.a. autra qua biaua ou noira) □ Coiourad platas and/or illuatrations/ Pli D Planchas at/ou illustrationa an couiaur Bound with othar matarial/ RaiiA avac d'autras documants Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along intarior margin/ La reliura sarr6a paut causar da I'ombra ou da la distortion la long da la marga intiriaura Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibia, thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainas pagas blanchas ajouttes lors d'una restauration apparaissant dans la taxta, mais, lorsqua ca'.'. itait possibia. ces pagas n'ont pas AtA filmAas. Additional commants:/ Commantairas supplAmantaires: Tha toti L'Inatitut a microfilmi la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lui a At* poaaibia da aa procurar. Laa dAtaila da cat axamplaira qui aont paut-Atra uniquaa du point da vua bibiiographiqua, qui pauvant modifiar una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la mAthoda normals da filmaga aont indiquAs ci-daaaoua. |~~| Coiourad pagas/ D Pagas da couiaur Pagas damagad/ Pagaa andommagAaa Pagas raatorad and/oi Pagas rastaiirAas at/ou pall!culAaa Pagas discolourad, stainad or foxat Pagas dAcolorAas, tachatAas ou piquAaa Pagas datachad/ Pagas dAtachAas Showthroughy Transparanca Quality of prir QualitA InAgala da I'lmprassion Includas supplamantary matarii Comprand du matArial supplAmantaira Only adition avaiiabia/ Saula Adition diaponibia |~~| Pagas damagad/ I — I Pagas raatorad and/or Iaminatad/ r~^ Pagas discolourad, stainad or foxad/ I I Pagas datachad/ r~1 Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varias/ I I Includas supplamantary matarial/ I — I Only adition avaiiabia/ The pos oft film Ori{ beg the sior othi first sior oril The shal TIN whi Mar diff( enti begi rlgh reqi met Pagas wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., hava been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Lea pagaa totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. una pelure, etc.. ont AtA filmAes A nouveau da fapon A obtanir la maiiiaure image possible. This ivem is filmed at the reduction ratio chacited below/ Ce document est filmA au taux da rAduction indiquA ci-dassous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X / 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grAce A la g6nArosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Las images suivantes ont 6t4 reproduites avec ie plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettnti de Texemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last paga with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim^e sont film6s en commen^ant par Ie premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par Ie second plat, selon Ie cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol ^^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniftre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: Ie symbols —► signifie "A SUIVRE ". Ie symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre film6s A des taux de rMuction diffdrents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant Ie nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 tp . \ i/7^ T II E Discovery of the Mississippi A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT With a Fac-Simile or the Map of Louis Jolikt, 1674 DY APPLETON P. C. GRIFFIN TO WHICH IS APPENDED A NOTE ON THE JOI.H-.T .\r.ir nV /?. E. DE COSTA, D.D. WITH A SKETCH OF yOUTJiL'S MAPS. Reprinted from the Magazine of American History, March and April, 1S83. NEW YORK A. S. BARNES & CO. 18S3 DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE TRAVELS OF NICOI.ET, ALLOUEZ, MARQUETTE HENNEPIN, AND LA SALLE IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEV The pioneer of French travellers to the country west of the great lakes, and the first white man who is reputed to have reached a northern tributary of liie Mississippi, was Jean Nicolet, wlio in 1634, or thereabouts, made treaties witii the Indians at Green I?ay, and ascended l''ox River. The "Relation dc ce ipii s'est passe en la Novvelle France, 1640," Paris, 1641, gives the earliest indication of this voyage, and a summary description is given in the Relation of 1642-43. These reports are rei)rinted in the "Relation des Jesuites," vol. i., Quebec, 1858. Margry's " Decouvertes et etablissements des Fran(,-ais," vol. i., pp. 47-53, contains the portions of the above which refer to Nicolet, and a translation of the account in tiie Relation of 1640 is printed in Smith's " History of Wisconsin," vol. iii. Du C'reux's " Historia Canadensis," Paris, 1664, gives the first connected history of the life and exploits of this explorer. A translation of Du Creux's narra- tive if appended to Huttertield's " History and Discovery of tiie Northwest, by John Nicolet," Cincinnati, 1881. Shea states, in his " Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi," that Nicolet descended the Wisconsin to the Mississippi. This opinion was adopted by Paikman in his "Jesuits in North America," p. 166, but his later judgment is given in the "Discovery of the Great West." A more careful examination of the evidence demonstrates the improbability that his travels extended farther than the Wisconsir-., aid in the opinion of Butterfield, the latest writer upon this voyage, he did not reach that river, but stopped at tlie country of the Mascoutins upon Fox River. lienjamin Sult6, a Canadian historical writer, in writing upon Nicolet, in his "Melanges d'Histoire et de Litt6rature," Ottawa, 1876, shows, for the first time, that this journey was probably made in 1634, instead of 1638 or 1539, as before thought. Suite's article, with notes by L. C. Draper, is printed in the " Wisconsin Historical Society Collections," vol. viii., pp. .S8-194; also in the "Canadian Anticpiarian," vol. viii., PI). 157-164. Butterfield, who has carefully investigated the records, agrees with Suite in as- signing 1634 as the true date, and brings out additional, if not conclusive evidence to support this theory, in his monograph cited above. Margry, in the " Journal de ITnstruction pnblique," 1862, under the caption, " Les Normands dans les V'allees de rOhio et du Mississipi," describes Nicolet's travels and Gravier's " Decouvertes et etablissements de La Salle;" Harrisse's "Notes pour servir a I'Histoire [etc.] de IVHOVKkV OK IIIK MlSSlSSiri'l la Nouvclle France," aiul I'aikii.Aii's " l.a S.illc," also give some acroiiiU of tlie cxpeililion. Ill 164.', Joi^iU's and R.iyniluiilt. two missionaries, ixMietrat.'d as far west as S.uilt Sie. Marit" at the oiuKt ol" Lake Superior. See account of 'his mission in the Jesuit RrlalioM of 164^. Margry's Collection, vol. i., pp. 45-47, cont.iins a repiml of the nairaliveof this journey. See also Shea's Cliailevoi.v, vol. i., p. 1 JJ, for notice of the uiulertaking. 'I'he next recorded visit to the West is (hat of two iMench traders, who wintered upon the .horcs of Lake Superior in 1O5S. See the Je.nit Relation of it,59-6o, and the extract in Margry's Collection, vol. i., pp. .S.?-55. iH"! translation m Simlirs Wisconsin, vol. iii., p. 20. l''alner .\IL-naid hegan a mission at St. 'riieresa li.iy, L.ake Superior, in 1661. See Lallemanfs letter in the Relation of i(>G2-(>,]. \ transl.ition of this letter is in Sunth's Wisconsin, vol. iii. See also I'eriot's "Me- moire sur les imenrs des s.iuvages," I'aris, iS(.4; She.i's Charlevoix, vol. i., p. 49, and a note by Shea in JlistoridU Ma-azinc, vol. viii., p. 17.V Menard's letter, written just before his departure for Lake Superior, with notes by E. U. Neill, may be found in the "Afinnesota Historical .Society Collections," vol. i., \.\\ i.5.S-'38. In 1 61.5, Clauile Alloiie/, another missionary, began a mission at Chegoiinegon, Lake Superior. See the journal of his travels in Lc Mercier's Relation of 1666-67, a translatioii of which is in Smith's Wisconsin, vol. iii. NLinpiettc took charge of this misMon in 1669, and Alloiie/, went to the Uaie des I'uantes (Oreen Hay), and in 1670 made a visit to the Mascoutins on I'ox River. ILirrisse thinks he crossed to the Wisconsin at this time. Li reporting his operations, Alloiie/, describes the "Messi-sipi " from information given by the hidians. See Dablon's Relation of i66y-/u, 1 100. Translation in Smith's " Wis(-onsin,'' vol. iii. Alloiie/ si-ent many years among the Lidians upon (Jreen I'.ay, and in the Illinois country. See the Jesuil Reliiions covering the years 1669-79. The full titles of these Relations are given in chronological order in Harrisse's " N'otes pour servir a I'llistoire [etc.] de la Xouvelle France." Dr. Shea printed in the Cranioisy series the abridged Relations for 1672-79, and .Martin's "Mission duCan.ida" prints them for the first time in full. Sliea gives a life of Alloiie/ in his " I")is<,overy and Kxiiloration of the Mississippi." See also notes upon him in Ahugrv's Decouvertes, etc., vol. i., pp. 57-72 ; also in Bancroft, in Shea's Charlevoix, vol. iii., and in Shea's "Catholic Missions in the L-nited States." Cravier and Parkman also give some account of his tra\els. In June, 1671, St. Lusson, in the presence of a large number of Lidians, took possession of the country on the lakes in the name of France. Tlie " J'roces verbal " of the ceremony is in Margry, vol. i., pp. 96 et snj. I'errot, a noted Canadian ■•oya,!:;t'in\ in 1670-71 tavelled along i^'". shores of Creen Day. I'eriot's journal, which records the daily events of his hie among the Lulia.is from 1665 to 1726, was edited for the first time at I'aris, in 1864, by Father Taiihan. It is entitled " Memoires sur les iiiueurs et coustumes et relligion DISCOVKRY OK THE MISSISSIPPI s [sir] (Ics s:iiivagos do l'Aincri(iue scptciUrioiiMe." Taillian's notes add value to the work. See lenardin- I'eriol, Sliea's Charlevoix, vol. iii., p. 165, and Ihstomal j)/iii;iizint; vol. i\., \>. 205. A (ieM lii.lion of the geography of I'-e country as known previous to the explora- tion of the Mississippi by Joliet and A.^npielte is given by Dablon in the "Kela- ti.,n dc la .Nouvelle I'lance. les annees i .70 et 1671," I'aris, 167.'. See the Quebec rei.rint in " Relation des Jesuites," vol. ii, 'I'he Relation, as printed in l67.^ gave a map of the great lakes; for a description of which see I'arknian's " l.a Salle," [>. in 167? Jac(iues Marquette and I.onis Joliet navigatc.l the Mississippi in canoes to the Arkansas. Father MarciuettJs narrative of the voyage, in an iini-erfect lorm, was imblished by Thevenot in his " Recueil de Voyages," Paris, 1681. 'rhevenot also published it as an in.lependent work, with the title, " Voyage et deeouverte de .luel-iues pavs et nations de lAn.eri.iue septentrionale." In this latter shape it was reproduced by Rich, at Paris, in 184.S. 'I'l'^ "'-M' accompanying tins version, and which is inserted in facsimile in liancrofl, is said not to be by Manpiette. Ihe aud.entic map was hrst published in Shea . " Uis.-overy and !• xploration of the Mississippi," where the two maps are compared. The Thevenot text appears trans- lated in Krench's "llisiorical Collections of Louisiana," pt. 2, pp. 279-^97- -ii"' Spark's " Life of .M,u.|uette," in the " Library of American liiogiai-hy," vol. x., is, in a measure, a translation of it. . ^ „ , ,., , Muquelte's complete journal, preiKired for publication, m 1678, by Claude Dablon, Superior ..f the Canadian Missions, remained indited until Shea published it in his "Discovery and Kxi)lorati.m of the Mississii.pi," New York, iS.S.'v t^'ving th.- oii.;iMal text and a translation. This version, known as the SU. Mam- text, was reprinted in 1855, with imi.ortant annotations, by Shea, under the title, " Recit des voyages ct des decouvertes du R. 1'. J. .Marquette, en lannee .67,?, et aux suivantes ; la .ontinuation de ses voyages par C. AUoiie/,, et le journal autographe, du 1 Marquette en .674 -t .675." [Albanie : linprimerie de VVeed, Parsons ■■'. 1.k-.| ,8s.S (10), 169 (2), pp. Map, .2mo. ^hlrtin■s "Mission du Canada, Relations inOdites (1672-1679)," vol. ii., contains a modified version of the Sh: i\ioor translation of the Thevenot production. 'johet, while on his way to Montreal to report his discoveries, lost Ins mcnioranc a and m ips. 1 b,- was enabled, however, to draw up a brief recital from meiiioiy, which, Willi a map, he presented to l'"ronteiiac in 1674. Two versions of this narrative are printed in Margry's Collection, vol. 1., pi.. 259- 270. Dablon despatched to his Superior at Paris an account .lerived from Johet s verlul tesiimonv, which m.ay be found printed in .Martin's - Mission dii Canada, vol i pp i■/,);•/<•- .-7-^',., A 'letter sent bv loliet from Qucbue, October 10, i(.74, I'netly recounts his late adventures. It may be found in ILirrisse's " Notes pour .servir a nii.tone [etc. J 6 DISCOVI'.KY OI' I III: MISSISSIPPI do la \ouvfllo rrancL'," |>i'. .!-'-' :iii(l ,;jj. A narriUivi- based upon Jolicl's loport is a|>|)L'iKk'il to lli'iiiu'|)in's " New I )isi(ivfry, " I.oikIdh, idgH. Jolict iiKulc sciL'ial inaps, .sliowiiij; his iliscovi'iiL-s, only one of \vliicl> has hi-cn fclitccl. (iravior's " Ktiule sur line carte inconnuf, la iiri'inicre dressic par L. Jolict en 1674," contains a fai--siniili; of tho map in (|ni'stion. A K'ttiT from tliL- disovtMor to I'lontcnic is ins(:iii)cd upon it. (iravior tonsidcrs this map, appaix'iiily with good reason, to bo the uarlioat re|>rcscntation of the course of the Mississippi from personal knoivlfdge. Frontenac's letter announcing the successful result of Juliet's mission is printed in Margry, vol. i., p. 257, and a translation is inserted in the "New York Colonial 1 )(» mnents, " vol. ix., p. 1 1(). See the following for notices of Joliet : I'aillon's " Ilistoire de la Colonic fran(;aise en Canada,'' vol. iii. ; I'erland's " Notes sur les registrcs de No'reDame ; " Margry's articles in the A'S7i, January, March, 1872. I''rcncli's Historical Collections, second series, has a brief biography. The works hereafter cited upon the history of the discovery of the Misbi:.sii)pi neces- sarily include a history of the Marcinette-Joliel expedition. We now come to I. a Salle, llenneiiin, and 'I'onty, 1669-87. Margry's ''Decoii- vertes et etablissenients des Fran^ais dans I'Ouest et dans le Sud de I'Ameriiiue siiptcntrionale, 1614-1698," Paris, 1879-81, contains the documenls which the editor collected in the arihives of I' ran..c Tliii, work now comprises four large octavo volumes, three of whicli are mainly devoted to diHunienls upon l.a Salle's explorations. 'I'he conlentM of the^e three volumes are arranged unilcr the following heads : ire partie, '' \'oyages des l''ran(,ais sur les grands lacs et Pecouverte de I'Ohio et du Mississipi (1614-1684);" 2me partie, "I.ettresde La Salle;" jine partie, "Recherche des bouches du .Vlississipi (1669-161)8)." The more imporlant of these papers are in- dicated hereafli'r in their cliionological t)rder. 'I'he fourth volume ol tl-.is collection enibrno'S the documents relaling to 1)' Iberville's colony, at the mouth of the Missis- sippi, 1698-170?. In 1669 l.a Salle, accompanied by nollier and Oalline'., sel out from Montreal to discover the Mississippi. They proceeded in company to the we.itern extremity of Lake Ontario. At this place La Salle, jirofessing illnjss, parted from the mission- aries, ostensibly to return to Montreal. Dollicr and Ga'linee continued their journey along the norihern shores of Lake Erie, thus taking a course hitherto untravelled, and reached Smilt Sle. Marie in .May, 1670, h.aving spjnt the winter on the shores of Lake Lrie. Callinee's journal, entitled " Recit de r.e ([ui s'est passe de plus remar- quable dans le voyage de MM. Dollier et Callinee," is printed in Margry, vol. i., pp. 1 12-166. The Abbe l''aillon, who first discovered the records ol this journey, gives a synopsis of Callinee's recital, with a fac simile of his map, in the third volume of his "Histoire de la Colonic fran(,aise en Canada." O. M. .Marshall's [lamphlet, entitled "The first Visit of La Salle to the Senecas," JJufifalo, 1874, contains a textual tr.anslation of this document. 'I'he Societe historique, of Montreal, published in 1875 an edition of this journal, with notes by the Abbe DlSCOVl'.KY OK TIIK MISSlSSItTf 7 Vctrcau. Nlarpry prints in his (dllcciion, vol. i., ii|>, ,j.|.' .\ni, a narrativir wliidi lir calls" Ri'cital d'un ami du I'AliUc ilc (inlliniL'.' This iniiixnts to In- notis, taken liy the writLT, who Maigry thinks was the Abhc Runaiulot, of < Dnvcrsations Ii.k! with l.a Salle at Paris in 1678, in which he recuiinted his adveniiires in (.'unad.i from 1667 to 1O7S. In it is stated that alter li'avint; Doliier and (iallinee, instead of goin(5 to Montreal l.a Salle kejit on nntil he reached the Oliio, and hiter went to tht; Mi-.sis',i|)|ii liy way of the Illinois. I'arknian jirints extracts from this p.iiier in his " Uiscovery of the (Ireat West," hut does not credit it wholly ; he, however, admits that l.a S.dle discovered the Ohio, and most likely the Illinois. It is upon this doc- ument, that Margry bases his claim that l.a Salle was the first to reach the Missis- sippi. The followint,' writers fake issue with Margry: I'.riU ker, "J. Maii|netti' ct la Decou verte du Mississipi," I.yon, 1.S80, and in the " Ivtudes religieuses," vol. v.; Ilarrisse, in "Notes pour servir a ITlistoire [etc. J de la Nouvelle I'lance," I'aris, 1873 ; in an article entitled "Ilistoire critinue de la Decouverte ilu Mississipi," in the A'f7uf niatitimi- d coIohmIc, vol. xxxii., pp. 642-663. Shea, in whom .Margry liiids perhaps his luost strenuous opponent, discusses the (piestion in an address read on the hi centennial of .Marcpiette's voyage, published in the "Wisconsin Historical Society Collections," vol. vii., pp. 111-12^. He has, how ever, iiublished a pamphlet, in which he examines the matter more in detail, entitled "The liursting of P. Margrys l.a Salle P.iibble," New York. 1879. Tailhan, in notes to Perrot, and the .\bbe Verieail in his edition of (lallinee's journal, also refute .Margry. Colonel Whittlesey's tract, forming No. 38 of the Western Reserve Historical Society's ))ul)lications, entitled " Discovery of the Ohio by l.a Salle, 1669-70," is a;-, in(piiry upon the subject. .Margry jjresents his arguments in full, in articles upon"l.es Normands dans les vallees de I'Ohio et du Mississippi," published in \.\w Jour mil gt'neral tie f Insti mtion {'uhVunic, Paris, iS6j. See also a jiaper by him in the Rex lie marilime et colonitile, vol. xxxiii., pp. 555-559 ; his pamphlet, " I .a Priorite de La Salle sur le .Mississi i," Paris, 1873 ; a letter in the Ameiiiaii Aiiliqiiaiy, vol. i., pji. 206-209, Chief o, 1S80, and in remarks in the preface to his " Decouvertes et etab- lissements des . .•an(,ais,'' vol. i. (liavier in his "Decouvertes de l.a Salle," Paris, 1870, in the " Compte rendu of the Congres des AmCricanistes," 1877, pt. i., i)p. 237-3i-'> ''^"'l "^ 'l'"'= Macazink OK A.NtKRitAN History, vol. viii., |). 305, supports the Maigry theory. In August, 1679, I-a Salle having completed his arrangements and obtained letters patent from the king for another attempt upon the Mississippi, set sail in the C.riffon, upon Lake Krie, and arrived at Michilliniackmac about two weeks later. The Illinois was reached in Januar)', 1680, but owing tc adverse circumstances. La Salle being conrpelled, for want of supplies and i>ther causes, to make twice the jour- ney between the Illinois and Canada, the exploration of tl ;; Mississippi was not ac- complidied until April, 1682. The adventures of La .Salle's jiarty upon the great lakes and in the Illinois country, previous to the voyage down the Mississippi in niM o\ K\ (II I iih: MISSISSIPPI j6Sj, ,itf rcKiiinicil wiili ininiili- dft.iil in tin- " Rclaliim des Pcsroiivcrtcs ct di- Voyages ilii Siciir ilc l..i >.illo, i67.;-.Si, " printcil in Marjjry'.s Cullcclion, vol. i., pi). 4JS-594- Marjory coiisiiIiTs this papir to he tlii- oD'iri.il ri-port drawn up hy the Abbti llcrnim fiom I,a SuUl-'h letters. 'I'hc acroiiiit of the journey to I'ort L'revecujiir in tf>79->So, ^;i\en in this narrative, is nearly identical with the description of the same vo)age in llennepni's " I )eMripliiin de li l.onisiane." lor this reason Margry charges Hennepin witii pl.igi.iry, which calls out a defence of the latter liy Shea, in iiis edition of Hennepin's "Louisiana," where the two narratives are compared. Menilire's journal in I.e t'lercci's " I'remier I'.lalilissement de la l''oy," Paris, 1691, which is reproduced in Imi^IiiIi in Shea's " hiscovery and l'!\ploration of tlic Mis»is- nippi," and Tonty's .Memoirs, which will be more liiily described farther on, also report this stage of the e.sjilorations. Hennepin's spurious "Nouvelle Decouverte" also contains an acidtml, which does not tliller materially frun> tiiat given in llio "Description de la I ouisiaiie." Mathieu Sagcan, who ciaiined to have beiii with I, a Salle in 1679-80, dictated fiom memory, in 1701, a npiMt of iiis adventures in Canada. See I'arkman's I, a Salle, p. 65S, conccrninL,' Sagean's (iri'teiisions. Shea published S.'igi-.in's luirrative in i80j, will) the title, " IvMrait de la Relation des avantures et voyage ile M. S."igcan." In l''ebru.iry, 16S0, Hennepin, by I.a Salle's orders, set out from Tort Creve- cieur for the upper .Mississippi. He ascended that river to the Sioux country, and tliscovered St. Anthony'.-. I'alls. Hennepin's first work, "Description de la l.oni- siane,'' I'aris, 168,}, relates the event:! of this expedition, ami also gives an account of I.a Salle's jomiiey from Canada to the Illinois in 1679 -80. Shea gives in his " Dis- covery and I'.xploiation of the .Mi.ssissijipi " the portion of this work relating the voyage to the upi)er .Mississippi. Hennepin's works are held in disrepute, owing to undoubted plagiarisms and falsit'ications which i haracteri/e some of them. Shea, however, shows in the prelace to his edition of the '' I )escription of Louisiana," New York, 1880, that this charge a])plies only to the " .N'oiivelle Decouverte" and " Nou- veau \'oyage," and other works made up from these two I^t, ind that they were ))rob- ably published without Hennei>in's sanction, rarkman agrees with Shea in consid- ering the " Descrii>tioi. de la Louisiane' to be an authentic work. I'or criticisms upon Hennepin, see S)>arks' " La Salle ;" Parkman's " Discovery of the Creat West ; '' Harrisse's " .Votes ponr servir a I'llistoire [etc.] de la Nouvelle I'rance," p. 145 ; and the preface to Margry's Decouvertes, etc. Shea's early judg- ment upon Henne])in, which he has modified as indicated above, is given in his " Dis- covery and Lxploration of the .Misbissippi.' V.. I), Neill, in a i)amplilet entitled "The Writings of L. Henneiiin,'' lately imblished by the Minnesota Historical .Society, dissents from Shea's exculpation of Hennepin, and declares that no evidence has been produced to clear him from the charge of jilagiary. The bi centenar) of Hennepin's tliscuvery of St. Anthony's Falls was celebrated Dtscovr.Kv or mi" Mississn-n l„l vo \I. ;c- lul iii- of tis- llic to ca, c\v ou- oh- ,ul- fry Dis- I'ho i-ty, luis Ucd ly the Minni'sota Ilistoiital Siuicty in 1H80, a. il tin- prui ei'dinni on the cicrasion will 1)0 rciiDitoil in the next voliiino of its collfiiioni'. 'i'iic iu cDimt of a iirclfiuU'd voy.ino by lli'iini'iiiii down llio Mi',M^,Mii|)i, taken from the H|miioii-. " New Discov- ery," London, i6()8, is inserted in " Ireiiili's liisioric.il ColUxtions," iurl i., pii. 195-323! also in volume one of the " Arelix-ologia Americana, ' imbliMied by ilie American Antiiinarian Society. 'I he litter work also contains an account of I, a Salle' 11 last voyage, taken from the same unreliable source. Shea's eilition of lleiineiiin's " l.ouihi.iua" contains a iiiblionin|iliy oflhe numer- ous memoirs, issued under Hennepin's name, where also may be tound a lranslatiippi from ihe Illinois. This document may also be found in (iravier's " I.a .Salle," and iu l•;n,L;li^h in Spail s' "l.ile of I.a Salle," also in l''rench's '• Historical Collections," part i., and widi the title, "Narrative of the I'.xpedition of I.a Salle to explore the ( Missi^Mppi) CoIIhtI River, in i68.','' iu I'rencli's Historical Collections, second series, pp. i7-.'7, New York, 1875. I.a Salle's letter, written at the junction of the Misstmri and Mississippi Rivers, jirinted in Margry, vol. ii.. pp. if).t~iSo, a translation of which is given in Tut; Maiiazink Of A.mi;riian llisiuuv, vol. ii., pp. 6 iy-6.'.', describes the journey to tl;e Missiniri. The pri verbal of the act of taking possession ano at the .Arkansas, March t,? .nud stage of the voyage. .Membre's 14, 1682, in Margry, vol. ii., !>. 181, report journal of die entire expedition, first printed in I.e Clercifs " Ktablisseinent de la I'oy I'ari.s, i6yi, is ie\)ruduce(l in I'.ivilisli in Shea's "Discovery of the Mississippi.' Shea has lately brought out an Knglish translation of I.e Clerc(| under the till " I'irst I''.stablishment of the Faith in New France," New Voik, 1S81, t\ 1-. Svo. " Nouvelle Decouverle He there comp.ares Membre's narrative with Hennepin's " .Nouvean Voyage," and also |)oints out the variations between it anil the account published by Thomassy in his •' (leologie prat de la I.ouisiane. Thomassy's document 1 titled, "Relation de la Di'couverte de rembouchure that the I.eClerci de la Riviere .Mississipi." Tarkman considers it to be the •'otficial leporl of the dis covery made by I.a Salle, or perhaps for him by Menibre," ami saj s narrative is based uiion it. ieh Shea replies, that it "seems strange to assume that the fuller document Ti Uiven ly I.e Clercii must be drawn from a shorter lorm. 1 10 DISCOVKRV OK TIIK MISSISSIPPI The two clocumcnts arc essentially iileiitical, and alToid tiustwortliy data njion the voyage. Accoiding to Uoiniaie, a manuscript copy of Meinbie's journal exists in the library at ISaton RouL;e, I.oui>iana. Henri de Tonty, who was with I.a Salle from iCi7.S-8,5, reports the explorations during that time, in a memoir written at Quebec in 1684, wiiich is publislied for the first time in Margry, vol. i., pp. 571-616. Another narrative liy him, entitled "A16- moire envoyo en 1693 sur ia Decouverle du iMississipi, par de I.a Salle en 1678, et depuis sa mort jiar le sieur de 'I'onty,' is printed in its integrity in iMargry's " Rela- tions et M. 'moires inedits," pp. 1-36, Paris, 1867. A translation of it is included in French's " Historical Collections,'' part i., pp. 5.1-83, and also in Falconer's " Mis- sissi|ipi," London, 1844. These two memoirs formed the basis of the work jiublished under I'onty's name, but which he ilisavorteil, entitled '■ Dernieres ducouvertes dans I'Ameriquc septentrionale de M. de I.a Salle," I'aris, 7697. This work was rcproiluced under the title of " Relation de la Louisianne"' in Ber- nard's '• Recueil de voyages an Xoril,'' Amsterdam, 1720 anil 1724. An English translation was published at London in 1698, with the title, ".\n .Vc- count of La Salle's Last Expedition and I)isco\eries," ami is reproduced in [lart in the New York Historical Society Collections, vol. ii., pp. 217-341. Parkmun says that the " Dernieres dt'couvcrtes" is "a compilation full of errors." AFargry prints in vol. i., i>p. 547-570, of his Collection, a memoir entitled " Recit de la descoiiverte que AL ile La Salle a fliite ile la rivii're de .Missi>sipi en 1682." Tlie author of the paper was Nicolas de La Salle, who wrote it in 1699, at the re- ([uest of the French authorities, to serve as a guide to D'Iberville in his search for tiie Mississippi. Margry says that the writer bore no relationship to the discoverer. La Salle's memorial of 16S4, pro|)osing an expedition to the Ciidf of Mexico, jninted in Alargry, vol. iii., pp. 1 7-30, and in F'rench's "Historical Collections," part i., lip. 37-44, also in the second series of F'rench's publication, and in Falconer's " AIi^^i^slppi," hrietlv indicates his iliscoveries up to that time. The Frencli do( unients. collected by Ihodhead in the archives of the Departments of ALuine and of War, and printed in the ninth volume of the " Documents relative tt) the Coloni;U History of .\ew York," Albaii)-. 1855, include olticial correspond- ence which reports the movements of the explorers frou) time to time. Shea promises an e lition of a journal by I'enalossa, whii h will show the merce- nary motives which nispired La Salle. Alargry |)rints some documents v;oncerning I'efialossa's pr>)po>itions to lead a party of buccaneers from St. Domingo to unite with I.a Salle in an attack (ui the Siianish mines in .\ew Mexico. LA SAi.1,1; s vovAc.i': I'D Till-: (ifl.K (>l- Mi:xiri> AM) ATrKMIT MISSISSIIMM — 1684-87 TO discovi:k the In 1683 La Salle returned to France and presented, in two memorials to the king, jiropositions for an exi>edition to coloni/.e the Mississippi, and take possession DISCOVEUV Of THE MISSISSIPPI I 1 at tic of llio Spanish mines in New Afexico. 'I'lio fust inci;-,uiial, wiiich gives a brief ac- count of his jirevious achievements, is in Margry's Collection, vol. iii., iip. l^-^o. A translation is in I'rench's "Historical Collections," part i., jip. 37-44 ; 'I'^o in the seconil series, pp. 1-15, of the same publication, and in Falconer's "Mississippi." ri-.j second, which dehnes his schemes at greater length, is printed in Margry, vol. ii., ]ip. 3S9-3C>9 ; in I'.nglish, in French's " Historical Collections,' part i., pp. 25-34. The accessory otVicial ilocmnenis relating to various features and stages ol the expedition are incliuled in the second and third volumes of Margry's Collection. V,'e h-'vr two narratives by members of this expedition, which relate ils histoiy from the time of departure fiom I'rancc down to and after the death of I, a Salle. The fust to appear in ]>rint was Douay's, which was [ndjlished by I.e Clerci) in his " Tremier Kiablissemcnt de la l''oy," Paris, 1691. Shea printed a translation of it in the •• Discovery and Kxploration of the Mississippi,' \ew N'ork, 1S53. A com- parison of Douay's jof.rnal with Joutel's narrative is made by Shea in his edition of I.e Clercq, published at New York in 1S81. loutel, who seems to have been next in command to T.a Salle, kept a journal, which is published for the first time in its integrity in Margry's Collection, vol. iii., pp. 89-534. -An abridgetl and mo(ht'ied version of this narrative was publi>he( Paris in i7r3, imder the title, "Journal historique dii dernier \'oyage ([ue feu .M I. a Salle, fit dans le Colfe du M .'xiciue." Joutel compl.iined that changes were made by the editor in retouching the work for publication. 'I'he text published by Margry is much fuller than the piintcd edition. An I'.nglish translation of the Paris production, muier the title, "Joiunal of the Last X'oyage performed by M. de I,a Salle," etc., was published at London in 1714, and in 1719 anollier edition was brought oiU as "Joutel's Journal of his Voyage to Mexico and Canada." .\ leprint of the London edition is printed in French's " Historical Collections, " part i., i>i>. 85- 11)3. An eililion in Spanish was published at N'ew York in 1831, with the title, " Diario hislorico del iiltimo Viaje ipie M. d ■ La Sale hijo para descubrir el de:^em- bocadero y cur:.o del Mississipi." Charlevoix says that Joutel was the most reliable of La Salle's followers and Parkman thinks that he "gives the impression of sense, intelligence, and candor throughout," while Donay, in the hitler's opinion, did not alwavs write honestly. Jean Cavelier, an older brother of La Salle's, who, alter the hitter's assassination, escaped to C\auada in company with Joutel and Douay, is said to have drawn up a report of the efi)edition for .\L de Seignelay, the Minister of Marine. Parkman possesses a manuscript which lie says is a portion of the first draft of this report. Dr. Shea edited Parkinan's document under the title, "Relation ihi vovage entrepris par (A\ AL Robert Cavelier, sienr de La Salle, pour decouvrir dans le golfe du Mexique, rembouchure du lleuve Je Missisi|>y. Par son frere, .\L Cavelier" ;\ ALinate | .\. V. | 185S, 54 pp. 161110, and printed a trans- lation in his collection of " Early Voyages up and down the Mississippi," Albany, 180.. ,, niSCOVF.RV OF THE Mississim AFarcrv fiives i>. his Collection, vol. ii., V\- 5°>-5°9. ^ Por'io" "^ ^, J""7^^' ^'f bv Cavclicr Both these narratives fron, Cavelier's pen are very nnperfect, the former failing for the latter part of the expedition, and the journal stops before the luidins: in Texas I.a Salle's assassination, which took place ni .687, was witnessed bv Douay, who gives an acconnt in his journal. Joutcl relates the event from the testin.ony of ey.-witnesses, and Tonty states what he learned from the survvors of I a Salle's i.artv. See also " Relation de la niort du Sr. de La Salle, suivant le rap- port d'un nonnne Couture a ciui M. Cavelier I'apprit en passant aux Akansas,' m Alargrv, vol. iii., pp. 601-606. , <■ , \ letter written by La Salle, March 4. '685, erroneously dated at the n.outli of the Mississippi, is in Margry, vol. ii., pp. 559-5^'3, and a translation is appended to Shea s .■l•uly^•oyages.■' The " Proces verbal fait par La Salle avant de condmre son frere an Missfssipi, 18. avril 16S6," in Margry, vol. iii., pp. 535-549- relates La Salle's operations in Texas, including his first two journeys from the Texas colony to lind the .Mississii)pi by land. The Svaniards, in 1689, visited the si.e of La Salle's colony, and made prisoners of the survivors whom thev found among the Indians. Two of these captives escaped to I-rance, and their testimony in regard to the fate of the colony is given m Margry, vol. iii., pp. 610-621. _ r , I Parkman cites the official journal of this Spanish expedition, which is inedited. It is entitled " Derrotero de la Jornada (pie hi/.o el General Alonzo de Leon para el des- cubrimiento de la i'.ahia del Kspuritw Santo, y poblacion de Franceses." Buckingham Smith's "Coleccion de varios documentos para la historiade la Florida," pp. 25-2^^. contains a narrative bv a member of the Spanish company, entitled "Carta en (pie se da noticia de un vi.ije hecho a la IJahia do I'.spiritu Santo, y de la poblacion que tcniaa ah los iManceses," which is also inserted in French's '-Historical Collections," second series, pp. 293-295. liarcia, in his " Ensayo chronologico para la historia general de la Florida,'' Madrid. 1723, gives an account, from an unknown source, which is tr.uislated in Shea's " Discovery of the Mississippi.'' This closes the list of principal con.jmporary narratives of the first explorations by the French of western territory. :Margry-s Collection contains many documents of minor interest, but important, which liave not been noted. A journal by Minet, the engineer who returned to France with IJeaujean m -686, in .Margry, vol. u., pp. 589-601, and Tonty's " I.ettres sur ce (pi'il a ai^pris .!e La Salle, le voyage qu'il a fait pour I'aller chercher," 16S6-16S9, in NLargry, vol. '.- , pp. SS'-S^M, m»st, how. ever, be mentioned. I DISCOVERY OV THE MISSISSIPPI BlBLIOCKAPHICAI, ACCOUNT— PART II Charlevoix's " Histoire et Description generale ce la Noiivelle France," Paris, 1 744, is the first historical work of value to treat of the early explorations. Charlevoix was familiar with tlie country traversed by Marciuette and La Salle, having, in 1721, followed the lattcr's route to the Mississippi. Shea published at New York, m 1866-67, an English translation of this work, and in the notes which he added, em- bodied the results of his extensive studies upon the early history of America, show- ing the latest knowledge possessed of the first travellers. ° In 1844 Sparks issued his " Life of La Salle," for the materials of which he de- pended upon the printed narratives of Hennepin, Joutel, Tonty, and the recitals in Le Clcrcq's "Premier Etablissement," etc., being unable to obtain any of the MSS. which are now accesbible. Sparks' "Life of Marquette" appeared in 1845, 'i"'l soon after Falconer's work "On tlie Discovery of the Mississippi," which contained translations of important MSS., was published at London. In 185?, Shea's valuable "Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi" was brought out at New ^'oik. The contents of this work have been perhaps suf- ficiently indicated in the notices of contemporary journals, which are reproducedni it In i860 Thomassy published "Geologic pratique de la Louisiane," ni which he presented some important ineditcd documents. This writer contemplated writ- ing a history of La Salle's exploits from the MSS. in the French archives, and, as a preliminary, issued in separate form the documents which he had collected, under the title, " De La Salle et ses relations inedites," Paris, i860, hi 1869 Paikman published the first edition of his " Discovery of the C.reat West," forming the thud volume of the series of historical narratives upon " France and England in North \merica." In the latest edition, published in 1879, the title was changed to "La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West." In the writing of the later edition the author had the use of additional documentary material, since printed by Margry, which caused a revision of some portion of the work. (Javier's " Decouvertes [etc.] de La Salle," Paris, 1870, and the supplementary monograph published by him in ,871, add little -hat is not in Parkman's work. The later publication corrects some errors and deficiencies in the first. Dr. Shea's contributions to the history of the first explorations of the West, beside his "Discovery of the Mississippi," New York, ,853, consist mainly of notes to the many important original narratives which he has edited, notably those of Hennepin, Le Clercq, and Charlevoix. u DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI The following works contain among the first travellers, accounts of the country traversed by Marquette, Hennepin, and I. a Salle : La Hontan, who travelled in 1689 and subsequent years, wrote "Nouveaux Voyages," Paris, 1703. This work viassed through several editions. Although ad- ventures related by I.a Hontan are in many cases imaginary, yet, says Parkuian, he "had seen nmch, and portions of his story have a substantial value.' J. (iravier, in 1700, went from the Illinois country to U'Iberville's colony in Louisiana. See "Relation de Voyage en 1700 depuis le Ilinois jus(iu'a I'embouchure du Mississipi," New Vork, 1859 {S/u-a's Cnimoisy Press). The " Relation de i.t Mi?-iissipi en i 700, par MM. de Monligny, De St. Cosme et Thaumur de la Source," New Vork, 1861, (S/ua's Oamoisy Press), narrates the experiences of a party of the missionaries un- der the guidance of Tonty. An extract from (Iravier is given in French's Historical Collections, second s.-ries, iip. 79-93- St. Cosme's and C.ravier's na-ratives are also included in Shea's collection of "Early Voyages up and down the Mississippi," Al- ban)-, 1861, where also may be found Le Seuer's journal of a voyage from Louisiana to tiie Sioux country in 1699-1700. An extract from Le Seuer is given in La Har- pe's "Journal Historique." Paris, 183 1, and in French's Historical Collections, i)t. 3. A journal by Penicaut, who accompanied Le Seuer, is included in his "Annals of Louisiana, from 1698 to 1722," in French's Historical Collections, new series, pp. 33-162, New Vork, 1869. The memoirs of D'lberville's expedition to the Missis- sippi, in 1699-1700, contain descriptions of the lower Mississippi and throw light upon La Salle's movements in that region. The principal documents concerning D'lberville's enterprises are printed in the fourth volume of Margry. A brief report by D'Jberville of his voyage on the Mississippi in 1699, is printed in French's His- torical Collection, second series, pp. 19-31- -\ii anonymous narrative entitled, "Historical Journal; or. Narrative of the Kxi)edition under D'Iberville, to explore the Colbert (Mississippi) River, 1698-99," is published in French's Historical Collection, second series, pp. 29-119. Both of these papers a,e included in Mar- gry's collection, volume iv. Sauvole was a member of D'lberville's company; see his "Journal Historique" in French's Historical Collections, i)t. 3, pp. 223- 240. Father Maresl's letter on his mission at the Illinois, dated 171 2, published in die " Lettres edifiantes," vol. ii., and reprinted in Kip's " Early Jesuit Missions," pp. 191-227, New Vork, 1S46, describes the scenes of his labors. In 1721, Charlevoix, the historian, made a journey from Canada across the lakes to the Illinois, and thence down the Mississipi)i to the Gulf of .Mexico. He was requested by the King of France, to write an account of his travels. The descriptions of the country published in vol. iii. of his " Histoire et Description gen6- rale de la Xouvelle France," Paris, 1744, afford perhaps the best views of the primi- tive West which we have. The English editions of his travels are entitled " Journal of a Voyage to North America," London, 1761, and "Letters to the Duchess of Lesdiguieres," i DISCOVERY OF TIIK MISSISSIPPI 15 London, 176,^ See also I'rencli's Historical Collection, pt. 3, \>[>. 1 19-196, where his journal is reprinted from the F.nglish editions. On reaching the subject of Ma/s, we lind that Harrisse's Notes sur la Xouvelle France conta' a section upon the " Cartographic de la Nouvelle France, depuis la decouverte jusqu'cn 1700," which atfords an extensive list of published and inedited maps. Tarknian gives a descriptive account of " Early unpublished maps of the Mis- sissippi and the great lakes," in the appendix to his " Discovery of the Creat West." Thomassy's (Jeol. pr. de la I,oui^iane," has an appendix upon the " Cartographie de la ancienne I.ouisiane, iS44-i85cS." Baldwin's "Early niai)s of Ohio and tiie West," t:ieveland, 1875, and I'eefs article, " The discovery of the Ohio, Early maps," in .\iner. Anliquarian.vol. i., pi). 2-i-;5. Cleveland, 1878, are useful studies of some early mapi.iii the possession of Western historical socielie-. Ihirlbut's "Chicago Antiquities," Chicago, 1881, contains a chapter ui)on the hrst nuqis rei>resenting that place. The following printed works contain some of the more important edited nia]!?, bearing dale in the original previous to 1700: Champlain's "\oyages," Pans, 1632, is accompanied by a map upon which Eake Superior is shown, ;..nd a "grande riviere qui vient du niidy" is re|)resented as (lowing into the lake from the south. This map, which is reproduced in the later editions of Ciiamplain, is of little value in a geographical sense for the western country. .\ map of "Xouvelle France," showing tin; great lakes, is in Sanson d'Abbevillc's " L'Amerique en jjlusieurs cartes," i'aris, 1656. Du Creux's " Histrria Canadensis," Parisiis, 1664, contains a map dated 1660, which shows the outlines of the great lakes. Hressani's " Relation abu'gee de (piehiues missions dans la Nouvelle France," Montreal, 1852, contains a reproduction. DolHer and Galinee's map of 1670, showing their course in travelling to Ste Marie, is repioduced in FaiUon's Histoire de la col. fr., vol iii., p. 305 (see Farkman's La Salle, p. 449, for description); Claude Dablon's " Relation de la Nouvelle France, 1670-167:, Paris, 167:!, contains a map made about 1670 (see Parkman, p. 450) ; a reproduction is published in Foster and Whitney's " Report on the tieology of Lake Superior," Washington, 1850 ; Marquette's map of 1674 ac- companies the various editions of his narrative. The map in Thevenot's " Recueil" is by Liebaux, and not by Marquette. C.ravier's " Etude sur une carte inconnue" contains a /(/r-.f/w/76' of a map by Joliet, probably in 1674. A facsimile oi the map, primed for Thk Magazine at Rouen, under the superintendence of M. Gravier, is given with the present publication. '1 his map is the first pub- lished map showing the great lakes in connection with the .Mississippi. Sliea's edition of Dablon's "Relation de la Nouvelle France, 1673 it 1679,'' New York, i860, has a reproduction of a map made by the Jesuits in 1673. showing the missions upon Lake Michigan. Hennepin's <' Descrii)lion de la Louisiane," Pans, 1683, contains a mai) made upon data by Hennepin. The later editions of this work are also accompanied by a map. Parkman gives a reproduction of the ^ Id ])IS(()Vi;kv ()1- tiik Mississippi nouioncf I-.an<|c,>lin's (.vmm. n.ai., «hii'- -^ /'ic-simih- Do I.isle's map of 1700, which indi- cates the course of the early explorers, is in Clavier's "I.a Salle" 'Uid in French's Collections, i)t. 2. A map by Joulel, dated 1713, accompanies the printed editioi.s of his journal (see sketch — page 10). Margry's " Hecouvertcs et (jtablissements des I'laneais,'' when completed, will include a volume devoted to maps now ineditcd. 'I'lie ihird volume of this collection contains an outline sketch, representing I.a Salle's dicoveries. A niodern map, representing countries traversed by Alaniuette, Henne- pi.., and I.a Salle, is given in I'arkman's "I.a Salle." We next give a list of publications which treat of the explorations of the Mississippi valley, arranged in chronological order. Works which have been cited under dirter- cnt headings of this article are, in most cases, not included in this enumeration. I, a I Ionian, " Nouveaux voyages dans rAmericpie Septentrionale," Paris, 1703. This work passed through several editions, liaccpieville de la Potlierie, " Histoire de I'Auiericiue Septentrionale," I'aris, 1722. I'.ditions were also published in 1723 and 1753. lias some account of I.a Salle's travels in 16S2. liarcia, " Ensayo croiiologico i)ara la Hisloria (leneral de Florida," Madiid, 1723. The author relied upon the memoirs of Martpiette, Joutel, and Tonty for tlie portion of his work relating to the French explorations. I.afr.au, " Mteurs des Salvages Aineriquains," I'aris, 1724. Coxe, " Description of the F.nglish province of Carolana, by the Span- iards called I'lorida; by the French, I.a l.ouisiane," London, 1742. The inithor disparages the l'"rench discoveries, and urgc-s the I'.nglish right to the country. Dumoni, •' .Memoire sur la l.ouisiane, contenant ce cpii yestariivede jilus remar- ipiabledepuis i()S7 jusi|u'a present," I'aris, 1753, 2 vols, liellin, " Remarijues sur la carte de I'.Ameriiiue Sepienlrionale, comprise entre le jSe et le 720 dcgre ile latitude,'' I'aris, 1 755, gives some acco'uU of I.a Salle's establishments. Le Page du Pratz, " llisloire de la l.ouisiane," Paris, 175S. 3 vols.; I'.nglish translations were published in i7(>3 and 1774. Cayarie, " F.ssai hisloriiiue sur la Lonisiane,' N'ouvelle Orleans, 183c, 2 vols.; La Harpe, ''Journal historique de letablissement des Fran(,-ais a la l.ouisiane," Paris, 1S31. This work is reproduced in I'rench's HisU)rical Collections, vol. iii. Couovor, "Oration on the History of the First Discovery and Settlement of the New World, with especial reference to the Mississippi X'alley," Cincinnati, 1835, Perkins, " l'.,uly I'rench Travellers in the West," in Aoi t/'i Aiiuricari Jit': tew, Discovr.KV OK Tin: mississ'tti 17 vol. xlviii., pp. r.,5-ioS. A rcvifW of Spark's " l.a Salk- " ami " Marquette. Clt, "Tlic Devil's Hole, with an accouiU of a visit made to it by l.a Salle," I.ockport, N. v., 44 pp., the third edition appeared in 1851. (Jayane, " llistoire do la l.oui- siane." \ "Annals of Iowa," vol. vii., pp. r94-20., Davenport, .,s,9. Nan Fleet, "Old and New Mackinac; with copious extracts from .Marquette Hennepin, La Hontan, and others," Ann Arbor, ,870 ; r.rodhea, iS;^. In addition to the bibliographical matter in this work there is a brief historical suinmury ol the early explorations. Neill, " Krelich Voyageiirs to Miiniesota," in the Annals of Minnesota, 1.S50, pp. io-j8, reprinted m Miiniesota Mistoiical Society Collections, \ol. i., pp. 17-,;!). Dmrie, " Karly Out- posts of Wiseonsin," Madison, 1873, contains notices of the visits of I'errot, .Alloiie/, iMar(|iiette, ami others. '' Laval iiniversite, (Jiiebec, sooe aninversaire de la decoii- verte dii Missis^ipi jiar Joliet et le 1'. Maninette, Soiree litleraire ct imisicale, 17 liiin, 1S73," (^>iiebec, iiS7j, 54 pp., contains a discourse by the Abbe Verrean. Parry. "Historical Address on the Early Kxploration of the Mississippi Valley," 1 )aven- jjort, Iowa, 1873, 36 i)p. Salter, •' .Adtlress coinnieinorative of the :;ooth Anniversary of the Discovery of Iowa by .\lar(inette and Joliet," in the *' Annals of Iowa," vol. ii., jip. SOI -5 15. Shea, " .\ddress on Discovery of the Mississippi, read on the bicenten- nial of said Discovery, June 17, 187,;," piibhshed in Wisconsin Historical Society Collection.!, vol. vii., pp. 111-122. Marshall. "'The I'irst \isit of I-a Salle to the Senecas in i ()')()," riufl'aUi, 1S7.1, 45 pp. liaUlwin, " I'.arlv niai)s of Ohio and the West," Cleveland, 1875, 25 pp.; this forms one of the Western Reserve Hi^tolical Society tract... French, " l!io-rai)hical .-^ketch of 1,. Joliet," in his Historical Collec- tions, second serii.'s, pp. 139, 140. "Memoir sei. by the King to M, Denonville, explanatory of the iMcncli I'osses- sions in Xorth America," in JMench's Historical Collections, second seiies, \t\>. 123- 142. This docunient brielly recapitulates the I'rench discoveries. Baldwin, "Mar- gry Tapers, vol. ii.," in Western Reserve Historical Society tracts. United States .Annual Report of the Chief of ICngineers, Washington, 1876. Vohinie iii. of this report contains an extract from Mar(|uette's journal, and a reduced reproduction of his map. Cravier, " La route du Mississipi," in the coinpterendu of the second ses- sion of the Congres des .Anieiicanistes, 1S77, vol. i., pi). 237-,?i2. Whittlesey, " Dis- covery of the Ohio River by La Salle, ' 1669-70, one of the Western Reserve His- torical Society tracts llurlbut, " I''aiher Mar(iiiette at Mackinaw and Chicago," Chicago, 187S. Jacker, "La Salle and the Jesuits, ' in Amoican Catholic Qiiarlerly A'fi'it-Tc, \o\. iii., pp. 404-426, Philadelphia, 1878. Peet, ''Discovery of the Ohio," ill AiiUTi<-ijii Anli- t/itiirian. vol. i., pp. 21-3". Siiea, " .Addri'ss bt.'fore the Missouri Historical St)ciety at the crlebration of the 250111 anniversary of .Maripiette's \'oyage, July 20, 1S7S; sdiiw. '■ Romance and Realiiv of the Death of Mari]uette, and the recent Discovery of his Remains," m Ciilkulic ll'cr/J, vol. ii., pp. 267-2S1. C. C. Ihldv ■ Indian Migration in Ohio," Western Reserve Historical Society tract No. 47; also in Ami-ricint A'i/ii/ii,iri,tii, .April, 1879. M. I''. Force, "Some Early Notices of the Indians of Ohio," Cincinnati, 1.S79. .Margry, "Was La Salle the Discoverer of the Mississippi ?" in Ai/iirirdi/ .■hilii/iKiricrii. vol. ii., ]ip. 206-209, Chicago, 1879-Si. O. Ii. .Marshall, "liuildiiig and Voyage of the GrilVon in 1679," DISCOVlikY OK Till-: MISSISSIIM'I 19 liiiffalo, 1879. lilancluinl, " Discovery and Coii.iucsts of the Northwest," Cliicago, 1880 ; nwcA ii biii'f ai:c()iiiit of Johcl '^ and l.a Salle's voyagi-s. liiiickcr, "J. Maniiiettc i-t la (lOcouvfrtu dc la vallOi: chi Mississipi," Lyon, iSSo. 'riioulc't " Cavflicr di: l,.! Salic ct la dctoiivcitc dii Mississipi, d'apii's I'mivrayc do M. Maigry," in Hiillciin dc la Sociitc dc la Cicograpliic, Oc scric, tonic x\., pp. 435- 454. 5,54-55''. I'aris, iH«o. I lurlhiii's "Chicago Anii(piitics," Ciiicago, 18S1, con- tains translations from the journals of Maripicttc, Hennepin, l.a Salic, and of other travellers, which relate the incidents of visits made to the site of the present city, Ncill, "Minnesota l'',x|ilorers and I'ionecrs from 1659 to i,in(rofl's antl llildreth's, and others. liiiiMiicKAi'iiY. — 'I'he principal bibliographii al works used in the compilation of this note are IJoimare's " .Votes bibliographiipies et r.iisonnees sur les princip.ui.x onvrages publics sur la I'loride et rancieiine l.ouisiane" [Paris, 1855]; I'aribauh's " Catalogue d'ouvrages sur I'histoire de LAineriipie," (Quebec, 1837 ; " I'leld's Ks.iay toward an Indian llibliography," New \'ork, 1875. and Ilarrisses ".Notes pour servir a I'hisloire, a la bibliographic |etc.] de la Nouvelle I'rance," Paris, 1872. O'Callaghan's "Jesuit Relations of Discoveries m Canada, 1632-1672,' New York, 1847, has been used for the titles of the Jesuit reports. The references in I'arkman's "i,a Salle " have indicated many authorities, and the author's characterizations have been helpful. (Iravier's '• l.a Salle," I'aris, 1871, contains a list of eighty-nine articles upon l.a Salle. The compiler of this article was unable to examine a copy until after completion of the list. The essential wijrks in it were found to have been noted. Sabiii's " ISibliograiJhy " is indispensable in verir\ ing titles. NOTE Tiir. im.lKT M,\l'— Tlie Juliet map of iC)74, whicli ;xccoin|miiics llie nilklL' liy Mr. (liilTin, i^ of special v.ilin.', as he li.is imlK-alecl, f,ir the reav)ri th.it it i-. the earliest map lepreseiitinj,' the .\li-^is- si|ipi ill eiinnecliuii with the ^reat lakes. It is not, however, the lir-t to ilistiiij;iiis|i l.aUe Miihii::!!! ,i> a sej>aiate l)ui!y of wa'er. .is the Saiis,iii. I iii Creux, as \\ ell as the Jesuit map of 1072, show s this fat, |)ii Creiix's map shows lu-tter llie relative position of the .^leat lakes; ( 'laliiu-e'^ map j;ives the northern shores of Lakes lliiron anil Ontario with jjreater e\ai titude, aii'l the Jesuit map of 1672 evielsas re^anls aceiiralo represenlalimi of the j,'eoj,'rapliy of Lakes Huron, .\Iiehi;_;an, anil .Superior. Tliis latter map is, perhaps, misnrpasse 1 as fir as i om-erns ilio-e plaies liy any piilih^heil map lielore 17.X), Kraniiuelin's map of iiiS^, whiili is nnediteil, sliows the course of the .Mississippi with sumc i!e,rce of an'iiraey. 0,1 the Juliet map the \li-sissi|,],i is called the ltuada|s"e TiiK .M \r. \/.lsi-., VI It. i;fi, 2i(A. This mapiloes not show the Mis-i-sippi valley water s\>lem so well as the map foiuul in Matin's " llistoire I'liiver-elle.'' Kill. Jonlel's map (pii.Lje 20) tails esseni'ally. while the map of itiu shows tlie .Ma- liama in its relation ti. the .Mi-sis, ippi in a way that proves the hydrography of tlie reijion to have keen known. It rc^emliles that ol^ the hist I lovernment survey. The Jolict ma|i does not show tlie course of the Ohio, ln:t only a portion near its mouth, indicating; thai Jolict did .lot helievo that l.a fO DISCOVEUY OK Tin: Mississim Sillo ilcveiiileil tlic Olii.i. Tliis view is siip|ioilci| l)y a tn.ip wliiili wi- Iiavo rcrently in^prri'd in ttie tnlliMliuii iif Mr. S, I„ M. Il.ulmv, 'i'liis liii> i> iixliiatnl liy a liliitf opuiiiii^, mill lilt' river ItM'H is ilrawii uilli a pen liy nil uii-'kiiriil h.iii>l, cxlnidin^' il mniss n ciilnreil -liile l lii'iicT.il Jiiliii S. ('ink, >j| Aiiliiini, mrmm ii- tli.il llit'V Imlil this to l>c tlic ciri^mal Jci- liet map, aii'l. riiriliiT, that il >lispii.>//i.i of the map, ii-cl to ili'iiion. strati' that l.a Salle ili'-ceiMled the ( lino ( liie ol these copie- i-. In ihe posses-i.ni of Mr, Harlow, liiit it iloe' mil show the ( Hiio propeily ns an ii,iii'ili,^»5-5r.-^>T'w;,Tji(aw'«^ViS&.-.- ■ 1 /« .<^ " diUs. i I u^f aut tAu ieV-e pre^tnUrTcttt. c^k~ ^ui /voi^ CtSsitn^ icinUrei 16^} et t-ij^ par Ui {'"a-JrtS .jut m 'mc Xiuuijtei ^lAuiiJuU UKntunfMii ?di neiw^ifance paj^ entix ^ Kr&iule^ ct /tKictia( e^ /)(i''J): dtJ(Aa/^er'ian^ Umu-'' Coupe. Up&^iSaut^pc^iJiu. it jxuJie v,>cr J^„ ■ not- ncu^Sf.£uu.r3anJ J[ ^an-oe.^ C^ Mt aiuui/lit^Ja vratixe/ cjui-^'^ ^ aJmin:. tiynen illuarca.^t^'ji^ 'JiiwrJ'if' ^^ ^i^ii d. 5eJ pmli ou Jc cutdlaU % prutua^ po/iiintf frena"^ citmnj^mem^^ ^p^j"petiii/nu4t au.ttie..i(iiit, point en. iMtvpc %iii.<: l^' c^mps on. fLi^ Jeua~Xti oidits'^ii^'^ ^^S '''^^'"itklftrri^uttti^^ y^ (nuient J^> xpby mmtiSc. jeret la puir^ •J^iW^^'-a MiLncJamtJJentr a arts ^ Lpouict^ttlttipur'/ie. ilfiUieauu4rh aufret'i^ pi/!riTa jia^umK': fu JSnr ^eaucMp <^^^ CTguJ U( AuiuutSoiUOei cnjuiti'^^L/ "^ ^0 tx^j 'it Un^ et%p^',po'uum.hirci4nt£ittfolnJt. f/'Mu"^ j£furc jeiujit ^u<- juTmuer nu. Atuc }a<. L't/6>>S parks ioMni euthi /h danaerl dei J^'*^'^ t^i^un-i un/Jti- Act. rap.n<>ej uJ/iu'prabd. ieiarijuer duec- bide.^1, i^c. au'cit-pouueit auair du-Ju^^ ?'u.-ui. JciataM. ^a^J&Ue. e'/timp.'rJ'iiL. Jdni^ue-mon. catwi inwruL. -&rj5ey ian^erf iiujepe^tj i A>ij- '^f^ a^JcUe-aA.ku/^eta.^.pdTtt.'Sa ^rtmuTcj m •v «,' utL/>M3e /tot titiifi 'ie pc'dttu- ^Uitn^ nouutUt- fiance, pajfg^ ■Hullf voi-r j»j„ He. Jc'fMux.fttn a au Dve. uu^v flaunt itaus pajiti liuuts ewM. Mjc auoK- pouuoil auiltt iCumioLtprtfa ■fa- €r^ 1) OIL * \Mxssdiif^ kkkkk ttrra Uif/^ UkUUi A Aputoiy I Imp E CA6NIARD A nouEN