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J4j« pa-J"; f^ '?.' INTRODUCTORV. This stniement has i)et;n prepat d by the one who has ihe honour U) re;'iesent tht- (iovernmL-nt ot Japan in thr Dominion of Canada. It is issued by him not in Ins official capacity, hiil merely as a subject of Japan. U>r the information f»f the llonourablo (ienilcmt-n iii ihr I'nliiin'n: en" (.'anada, m order tii, it th- vi',-\vs ol' it)e [ap anese people may be known by them in regard to the (juestion of the immigrati'Mi of Japanese mm [Jritish ("olumbia. The writer is quite sensible of the Iriohdly altitude a-sumed by the Dominion Government toward;. Japan in recent years : yet he thought it advisable to sub- mit a few principles and facts ior the consideration of the Honourable (Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Commons of Ca.iada. S. S. •'JAPAN AND CANADA." 1 The modern history of Japan, so far as concerns iti relations with the European Powers, dates from about the year 1855, although Commodore Perry of the American Navy was an Envoy to Japan in 1853. Internecine wtrt in Japan, the Crimean invasion in 1853-55, and the Indian Mutiny of 1857-58, postponed the advancement of Japan until i860, frcm which date it may be said that the new life of modern civilization was given to my country. From an exclusive and insular people we have, in the last forty years, deveiorjed into one of the great Powers of the earth. Our greatness is due, not only to thi inherent qualities of our race, but to tiie splendid opportunities which modern civilization has given t(. us in the development. Our course has been one oF ai^gressive piogress. We opened our ports to the trad^ of all peoples ; we represented our- selves by accieditud Ministers at all the great capitals of Europe and America, and we adopted as our laws the civil laws as founded in Rome, modified to our wants and con- ditions. In the observation of international duties and courtesies we have been guided by that sense of justice and grace of purpose which is at once a protection to ourselves and a strength to friendly nations. Not only in the great development of her mercantile and industrial life, but like- wise in her wars, Japan has shown not only an ability and character to do her part in the stubborn work of develop- ing national life, but a power to discriminate on broad grounds ; the fittest work she could accomplish. I need not recall the important part Japan has played in the world's history in the past ten years, nor need I remind the British people, who glory in their fairness and justice to others that in the late South African war Japan stood ready and willing to render every assistance to Great Britain. Just now Japan is playing no small part in one of the most complex and stupendous questions llial has been presented to the wi.ikl in modein times; and but for her guiding hand and loyalty to (Jreal liritain, a tale of havoc wruld have been written l»» thf disgrace of modem warfare. The services of Japan have been of paramount importance in the ;;ravc an«l anxious days of the last year '.vith China, and she has cheerfully (onmntted herself to a iiolicy which has the merit of favour and refzard hyClieat Britain. 2. Ani)na^:d by a spirit o( dee]") and ti«-i>iii'it; regard for Great Britain and her children nations, my country has upon all occasions testified her loyally and friendship for you, even wlv;n other and iiore kindred peoples gave no proof of rej^ard, atid even uttered sentnnents ot hostility towards you. I have spoken ot the recent unli.ippv war in South Africa and of the attitude of His Imperial Majesty's Governntent. but even in British ('olutnbi;i, where the Japanese were most iraduced, a s|>(/iitancous offer of assistance was made by my couutr^'men. In February last year, Nfr. S. Tamura. a merchant in VanctMi ver, wired the Hoit. Hr. Borden, Ministei ot .Militia toi Canada, as follows : ''Japanese residents m British Columbia, lii.inj.: British subjects, wish to raise a corps foi service in ■south Africa, and would respectfully a^lc >cii lu tr.'i. . mit their offer to the F3ritish (Government." Had this Vieen accepted the Japanese in British < ftliiiiibi.i would have offered up their lives as freely for the iiikijrily o\ the British Empire as did the brave sons ot your i^n ai Empire. iVior as ihe Japane.se ii\ British Columbia are. Vet they 'gratuitously :;ent over $too to the su.k fund o The other nationalities receiving licenses comprise Chileans, Austrians, Finns, Swedes, Norwegians, Ameri- cans and Italians, together with a sprinkling of English, Irish, Scotch and Canadians. The large number of Jap- anese engaged in fishing and seafaring life in British Col- 6 umbia is due to the inexhaustible wealth of the fisheries of the Province, and the great demand of the canneries (whose capacities have increased enormously in recent years) for a large supply of fish. The value of British Col- umbia fishery products from 1875 to 1896 was nearly forty- six millions of dollars, and of this amount canned salmon amounted to nearly twenty-nine millions of dollars. The salmon pack in 1876 was 9,847 cases ; in 1896 it has grown to 601,570 cases, and in 1897 it had expanded to 1,040,000 cases. I find in 1893, 5,177 persons were em- ployed in connection with the canning business, which wus increased in 1895 ^o 11,000 employees, and in 1898 to 21,134. (See Gosnell's Year Book '97 and Report of Van- couver Board of Trade 1898,) The season lasts from six weeks to two months. It follows, therefore, that an indus- try at once so large and extensive in its character depends upon fishermen almost entirely for its success. I have not dwelt on the halibut fishing of the Nortli which will, ere lorn;, be a rival of the salmon in commerce. It was estim- ated in 1899 that the export of halibut from Canada was 2,075,000 pounds. I have dwelt thus upon the fishing question to make clear that not only has it been, but that it continues to be a necessity in a trade like the salmon indu<-^nr, that every- thing be permitted which will assist in the development of the greatest of all the important commercial industries of British Columbia. In Eastern Canada I find that New I'^runswick in 1899 had engaged in fishing 276 large vessels and 6,743 fishing boats, while in Nova Scotia 19,466 men were employed in fishing, and in 1899 from that Province $51007,798 of fish were exported. In Quebec in 1899 there were 154 vessels 7,328 boats and 13,096 men engaged in fishing. An estimate of the value of the fish product uf British Columbia in 1897 was five millions of dollars, while the en- tire product of Canada was twenty-one millions of dollars. (See Mr. Gosnell's British Columbia Year Book 1897, page as8.) In 1899 the total value of the catch of fish in Canada was $21,891,706; British Columbia's product being valued at $5,214,074. No Japanese fishermen are to be found participating in the Atlantic fisheries. It follows, therefore, that in the fi^hmg industry of Canada as a country, there i ?.ut a small number of Japanese fishermen as compared wi.i; the large number engaged in the calling and the value of the product. I append the following comparative statement ol ex- ports taku.;njm the Trade and Navigation returns for the several years named. The figures'apply exc!usive?y to British Columbia salmon exported :— CANNED SALMON. YEAR. LBS. 1896. 21,101,636 1897. 27.961,895 1898. 39,663,839 *899- 25,241,074 FRESH SALMON. 1896. 606,865 1897. 2,0^3,806 1898. 376,498 '^99. 115,534 SMOKED SALMON. '896. 8,408 1897. 22,348 1898. 275,701 '899' 649,191 PICKLED SALMON. '?96. 224 Barrels '897. j,8ii 1898. 4,706 »899. 5,883 VALUE. $2,415,499 2,856,127 3.348,837 2*353.341 45.692 191,880 '5.125 8,672 258 1.465 6,205 ii.43S u 2,436 58,398 14.836 28,667 8 'The Trade and Navigation returns for 1899 show that British Columbia smoked salmon exported amounted to 649,191 lbs of which Japan bought 633,414 " leaving the outside world's purchases 14,666 '* While in the same year the exported pickled salmon for British Columbia was 5)^83 barrels of which Japan bought 4,638 " The rest of the world buying I1245 " These figures are instructive as evidences of the new trade in this merchandise now showing its first signs of growth. The readiness with which Japan favours the Can- adian product is no doubt due to the knowledge gained from their fellow countrymen here. 5. The Government of Japan wholly stopped the is- suance of passports to any intending emigrants to Canada since the 1st of August last, and still continues to do so, under a provision of the emigration protection law (Law No. 70, 1896.) The principal reason for the measure thus taken was to avoid any friction that might occur by allow ing them to come into British Columbia where their immi- gration was not desired by a certain element of that Province. Even by this action alone you may imagine how careful is my Government to maintain and cultivate good relations with our friends in Canada. 6 The government of Japan exercises a paternal care over all distressed immigrants of Japanese nationality in foreign countries so that no Japanese si bject shall become a public charge on such foreign country. 7 The Japanese are law abiding, and statistics show that in the calendar of crime the Japanese set an example of well doing that could be imitated with profit by those who would place them under the ban of ostracism in Ca nada. The following testimonies are of service as recom- mendations of character : 9 Chief of Police Stewart, Vancouver, says, that in the lecord of his office there are no cases of serious crime ronitnitted by the Japanese and only four cases of theft committed by them. They are a people most easily gov- erned. Provincial Chief Constiible Leiter says, " that in his long service of twelve years not a single Japanese came before him charged with dishonesty. Mr. E. Hunt, Mt:-rchant, Steveston, B. C, is reported as saying that he has dealt with various naticmalities who came to the Fraser River in thousands in the fishing season, and that he has ever found the Japanese most honest in settling their habilities. 8 The Japanese who scttl ? in this country seek natu- ralizati(m, conforming to the new conditions of their adopt- ed country, and seeking by patiei't self sjicrifice and devo- tion to their humble dunes to found permaneiit homes for themselves and their families. They an; insignificant in number, about two hundred householders in all, as follows : Vancouver 50 V' ictoria 20 Fraser River District 100 Union 30 — i — 200 with their families. The cvy that has gone up against my coimlrymen in F>ritish Columbia is wholly unjustifiable .md unworthy of the spirit of free men who, having the blessings of nature and fortune vouchsafed to them in this threat country, make a*! an excuse for their improvident methods of life, the pre- sence of a small number of Japanese. Thrift, sobriety, and a sense of duty are more necessary to such men than any gifts of legislative interference. Laziness, dissipation and bad workmanship are ever the worst foes of the workman. 10 H Hi 9 Political economists, as well as all scientific treatises on the. laws of population, ure agreed that the true principle which rules all markets, whether commercial, professional, or labour, is the law ot supply and demand. By this I do not wish to be misunderstood. I recognize the necessity of other laws for the purposes of adjustment, yet I maintain, that where the dt:mand is, there the supply will be attnncted. If the Japanese, Swedes, Norwegians, Finlanders, etc., can- not secure work here, they will not continue here. If my countrymen are inetlficient, dishonest or otherwise unworthy of confidence, their presence will not be tolerated here any more than elsewhere ; yet if thry are capable, honest, and trustworthy, what country on that account should exclude them ? The age of intolerance in religion has passed away. Is an era of intolerarjce of race to be I'uilt upon its ruins? The Government of Japan seeks no concession for her sub- jects that sh^ is unwUlinfj Lo ur .at to foreigners who live under the protection of her flag. And while she seeks no special favours she experts no dL-^ciimination against her commerce or her people. 10 By the adoption of a litiguistic test, those who propound it, seek under cover of a sophism to evade a just principle and are thus driven to their last refuge. The Go- vernment and people of Japan are as alive to the full mean- ini» of such a condition as its inventor. The recognition ot national courtesies is not easily evaded, even under a plea- sant guise and fair words. The fallacy of such a test lies in its principle. Good citizenship, which has ever been the test, and by which men are raised from slavery to be free men, with all the incidents of that order, has from the ear- liest times of history found favour with all kinds of people and amongst all rulers. Imagine an officer of the Japanei^e Government addressing himself to an Englishman unac- quainted with the Japanese language, and finding this gen- tleman so deficient in linguistic knowledge, stow him away 11 in prison may be, until he could be deported whence he came ? Do you think under such circumstances, that Great Britain would consider Japan as a friendly country and worthy of cordial relationship? Would not the individual feel it an insult of a wanton order ? Would not such an action be the open challenge tor race distinctions which all wise and prudent statesmen are earnestly seeking to dis- solve ? If Great Britain and her colonies could take um- brage at such action by an otherwise friendly nation, what think you would be the feelings towards you of your friend and ally, Japan ? All history and experience ttaches no truth more forcibly than this, that any test which is apt to humiliate or degrade a people or country is an unfriendly act that will not be looked at lightly. The writer is, however, quite confident that such a drastic measure as this, or any measure that discriminates against the subjects of Japan, will never receive the sanc- tion of the Government or Parliament of the Dominion who are, he feels sure, always anxious to cultivate friend- ship and closer trade relations with Japan, no less than are the Government and people of Japan, with Canada.