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MKaOCOTT MKHUTION TKT CHART

(ANSI and ISO TEST GHAUT Ho. i)

1.0

1.25

|2^

|»

■ 2.2

Mai

■II

U£

|2£

11.8

1^1

1.6

/APPLIED IN/MGE Inc

1653 Cast Uain Strvct

Roch«»'«r, N»w Yorh 14609 US*

(716) *62 - 0300 - Phon*

(716) 288- M89 - Fok

Second Report of Progress

(»K

Kxploratiou in the OoDDtry

h "TVVKKN

Lake %i. John and James Bay

Including th*- reRiiin of L«ke Miitiiwini and the baMiia of the Kreat Nottaway and

Ku|i«rt riv»'r» together with a key plan to auconipany remarks on

the dilt'erent propoaed railway* between

(jueboc and James Bay

MADE rNI>Kl{ INSTHI'CTIONS FUOM THE

r)EPAr{TMENT OF COLONIZATION

AND MINKS, QT'EHEC

IIe\R1 O'Si LLIIA!«, I). L. S. & ('. E.

Mkm, Can. Soc. Civil Kmiinkerm, ami I>.spk(t<(K ot Sirvkvs. l'. Q.

i'lilNTEU HY (iliDFAi OF THE LEdlSLATVRK

QUEBEC

CHARLES PAOEAl', Pkjm^k to His Most F.m kllkm Maj.wtv ths Kinb.

1901

RKrOllT OF KXI'LORATIOXS

IN TIIK

LAKE ST JOHN, MISTASSINI AND JAMES
BAY REGIONS

To thf Iloiiorahli- Coininis-ioiiiT of

Colonisation ami Mines,
Queltec.

Sir,

I !i:iV"' till' lioMor to tiulnnit youth" Iblliwiiiir r«'i)(»it \\ii!i .icfom-
panyin>? plans and prjlib's of tin- iliirT'iit >.'.tiiMH of .'xploraiory survi-y
bctwfiii i.ak.' .St-.foliii anil .Iain Hs May, lou'etluT with ih.isi- ol' part of thi»
Mistassiiii and Si-Maiiric ' ri'iri'>ns in il • iiu'l'r iintni ■tiinis tVoin your
di'partiUiMit.

Si'ciioii N'(» 1 sli.iws th-' c-ountry from Robi.v i on laki' St-.Tohu
north-westward to a littli- ln-yond thf height of .and bet\V('"n the
Sagniuiuy and James Hay waters, lat. IK' 24' N. lon^. 74';i(t' W.

Section No 2 shows from ther.) to the llnd^on Bay Coanpany's post at
Waswanipy. lat. 4it' 3!>' .'.V N. Ion?, "f." :!4' W.

Section No ;? comprises from Wasvvanipy to laki> Nemiskow on the
Rupert river, lat. ol" 20' N. Ion?. 76" 34' W.

Section .No 4 comprises the 1 >\ver part of thu Rupert rivor, fi im the
lake Nemiskow down to its mouth at Rup Tt House on James May.

Sections Nos 5 to 9 inclusively have already been transmitted with
accompanying reports ; with the exception of No 6 A which is hereto
attached ; they comprise the following regions ;

No 5, river du ClifJ from it« mouth or junction with th» Chamou-
chouan river northward to b 'yoiid the height of la^id embracing File
Axe lake and riv^r a la I'tnlie to the borders of lake Mistassini.

No 6 show* the rt'gion from lako NiraubAO northward to th« H. B.
Oo'a post on I '.■■ MistaNsini, including lakes Obatagoman, (<hiboa«
gamou, Wahwuuichi, Stc.

No 6 A ihowH th»' r.-ijjou from lnlc<' Wahwuuichi Wfstwurd to the
continence of thu Obaiugoman and C'hiboui^umou wutora.

No 7 hIiows the region went oi' IuaP Obatagoman, iuclndiug lakes
Eau Jaune and Pntqu'ile.

No 8 sliowa part of Oreat lakn MistaNsitii, from the Nonthuru extru*
mity of CnbiNlaclionan Day nnrthward to littln laku Mistaijetiui.

Sfction No coinpris»'R tin- region of Littlt? Lakf MiHtassini, in -hiding
part of till' Porcupini- rivi-r and ItaNiilt lake.

Section No 10 show* ihHrfifion fromtho hfud ofClrutid lak>' Mistiis-
sini south-\Vfstw«.d to I'oonai-hon.iii IJuy.

Sfction N'o 11 shows thf canoe rnntc viiv t'l • Rupert und Mortin
rivers, westward from liik«^ Mistassini to lak ■ \ > uiskiw.

Si'( lion Nd li; comprixcs the rcirion from the II II Co. post c«ll«'d
Kikindaich on thf Si-Maurice northward to lake Ascutscic on thu
CluiHii'Uchouan wuterK.

iSection \o I" >hows the country from the discharge of lake Pics-
qu'llt' (shown on ^<'i;tioii No 7). to th; junction of the Obatagoman and
Chibou!,'ani<iu waters with the nameless river shown on *iuM No 2
surveyed in 18!»7.

Section No 14 showt the country from lake Witetuugami northward
to Lichen lake.

Section No 1') comprises lakes Waswanipy and i'atikamika and
environing country.

Section No 1(3 compris.'s the main or Groat Nortaway river and chains
of laki's from < lull lake northward down to its moutli at tide water on
James Bay.

Two of these sections, viz : \os I'l and 11, ar<- not yet conijileit d, hut
they may »er\'- ia the meantime lor the compilation o! ageii.Tal map of
the country.

SliCTION No 1.

S.»..tion No 1 has already bu^Mi d«.orib«d in my report of proirroM of
novi'inbfr. 1897.

SECTION No 2.
S..,:tion Xo 2 bei^ins at the di«cl.arff.< of Twc Mand. lake, lat. 49*
-4 r»l,l(.iig. 74"8(f W. and elevation 1176 f,..'t above aoa lolol.

Aoou. 1 mile and a half of rapid river tak.m ua down to another
■mall Ittk.. one mile in lomr«h and a quarter of a mile in width ; the total
fallinth.,«tr..tchi«8l. f....t.andthen one mile broken by ohutea and
rai.uU takot u« to another oxpanse. where a conniderable-siited branch
comes in from the south.

There is arood loamy soil all alon,? here, and the country is level or
gently rollni!?. The rook formation isi^neiss and granite.

At the diNohar^e ol the latter expanse, I found the lat 40' «' .'J7"
and long. U .i-. !«• W., and tl.o elevation Ills feot. above sea l.v.'l.

Aho.it two inile^ l„.l<)w this, a fair sized stream called river 1) wert
conies 111 Irom tli.' lu.rth.

Th..n.e. i!„. river Hows ;il,ont due west 8J miles to ,•, h,r-er ..xtmase
I mil.' in widili and ]\ ni length.

Il.re lliiroiiiuu rorks are lir.st encountered, rioli ol iv soil and lar-ror
tir.iber all aioiiiid. ' "

Kr.Mn ih.r.Mi.e river Hows north-west about thiee mil.'s to lake
iv.«|)atiiatriijsk;i ur Tiimarae lake

This is a pretty large lake, measuring eleven miles in len^r, , |,v
about tonr miles >,i width in the widest part, with ^ neral d.ep ba'V.s and
pi<tiires(|ue islands. ' ".iy.s una

Its altitude is 107.] leet above s.a level and. notwithstanding, thir
high elevation the eo.uitry around is well timV-red with spruce, and
along he hike shore ash ,s lound in the sheltered vales and lar-e cedar is
seen a ong the porta,.- a. th. diseliarg- ofthe lake, sturgeon, pike, dnre
^y tte ish, grey tn.u, aud dilieren. other kinds ofltsh are token there in
attiinaanee

_Th-,.sc!,a,ge of .his lake (lows turbulently northward throu-h a
.•■•ooKed valley ior a laUe and a htif, to w.iere it opens into another
Jar''e lake.

On thit di».h«ri?.' the total full Ik 33 f.>et. 1ft feet of which U iti the Unit
cawiul*' Ih'iv a ffood watiT i>o\T»'r can b»^ h««l, and by damming the
diaclmruro ut itn nurrow.'nt jwint 'w)vi» thfl ca».:ad.'. 50 fi-.-t hxad nuiy be
had with u auriuco ol" thirty Hquar.' mil<'i« to dnuv from.

Th.' nfxt Ink.' bt'iow, we .•ulU-d Windy luki', on u.vount of hoin;;
held ih-r.- win.l-boand. It Vw» pinill-'l to T»mnr,ic liik«, nearly .-siM and
wfst. Il- .'xin'ra.' l.'ns;l'i i- .'iurhl mil.-*. lt« eiiHterly .'ud in narrow.
mouHurini? only tn.m \ u> J uuIm in width. foralj<.nt hi»lf it^l.^nffih wh.ue
it dis. hiir;/."* norlhward, und thonc w.-»tward it expand-. U. ovr ihroo
miU'H in width. Forest lir.'Hliiiv.' don." <<ou«id.'n»bl« duraai?.« around this
lake yea-« atjo. bat it in now w.-ll ...vrd wit!i M.'con 1 tfrowtli.

From itHdis.-htirire 11,0 riviT rnnn north by oaHt about lour mil.-,*,
and tht-n turiiH shiir|.ly N..uth-v\.'.Hiw.»rd und runs aliont liv.. mil.'* umid
Tupids and .•xp.invs on tli.- lati.^r .ourM.'. appr-M.-hint? n.'iirly to tli.- Wi-«t
id of th.> liHt i>i.-ntiou,Ml hik.'. wlw-r.' it turns a-jaiii .sh;uply u.-nl. w.ir.l
u., iaft.'rp.issinu'a.hoii rapid. i;ivin-Hix l.-tfall. w- .•nt.'v laU.- linis
Cow/i<. '.''.'4 li'i't al)ov-' s-M I'Vfi.

Thin is u ruriously sliup-d iak.v I'or i h.' lir>l six mil's it ruu> ah.. ,ii
norlliMMst and in.-aHur.'s Irom a .jiiarl.-r of u mil" to :i -.ml.- m wi.liii ;
th.n it turiiH .sjmri.ly »outh-w.-<t wir.l and llows iil..)ut .Mirl.t niios m llie
latttT direction to its discharttiv

Til.- soil is -rood M Ion.,' h.'..' .\nA i\i" timb-r, wlii.^li i« .hidly uivy
Bpru.-.-. is fxrefdiniflv till and al.uud;nil whcr.-iii.' primitiv f.n-st .'\ists.
huokini,' northward irom th- hw.-r .'iid ol this l.ik -.a .il.innin-!: <• ..uury
moots tho viow ; rich olay soil is s... n all aloni,' th.- sh)r- and a« laras th-
ey« oiin roach oasy slop.'s and •^'-ntlo sw.dls ris.' om- abi.v.- an .tlior woU
timborod with spriioo, poplar and l>oule<ut or white bindi

From lako Hras Coupe tho rivor llows soulh-w.'stward pla.-idlv for
about three miles, and in the noxt two miles, ther- ar- rapids and falls
that v'i^''' '* *"'''^ ditlor.'.Kv of loyol of 20 feet.

Hero aood .vato. power may be liad also.

Wo now oomo to tho largest lake of the whole seri-s from th." ii>'ii:l»t
of land to lake Waswanipy, moutionod on pair -s 6 and T of my report of
Noveinb r l!^'.'"

It is call.'d by tho Indians. Doda Sa-^aiuan or Father's lak ■ and by
others it is oall-d Lnr Rnil* ; bi.t th • latter name is api-ii'd to so ii ^ny

jolc--. tluil I Imv.. ,|i«..„r.|...l ,f, partin.l „h i.« th.-re in no irroU •(t«iit of
hnriir .•..uiitry l,ri>w<^ fh.- Ukiv

This i, th- ni.mt irr.'ifnliirly «lia|M-<l lak.. iinngiiiable.

As .n...ifi.......I in .Hid report, il, Lnir I. in ;Ji' M»il,.. .uul rontoar ovor

two ,m..lr...l mil.... lu .h-.r.., an- ^.-n.-rally w.-ll ti,n», -r^.l vv.ih irr..y

aii.I l.lM.k.pni.-,. ..r^fcul M/.. un.l qiulity Tamar..-. impUr .uul A»«/mm
or.- .|l... 1..U11.1 hur.. in itbr ..l.u |i. ..l..v.,ti.Mi ii '.a* fo.-t nb<.vo «e«

li'V.'l.

Th.'hrif..iv,.r.-..m x ui Irom ih.- M.,«tl, „... u ..a-t-rn .-nd U
.•IIII..I l)\ 111.. Indian., Mii.l.in..sk.Sib r Kuijl.. F ; . . .iv.T.

W- ..xph)r.d it for ab.mt lour mil.-s and f..aiid .. H.im..ii..s« of .ountry
•il fhr,.«..|.. vi. : 1..V..I or if-.n-ly rollniir l„nd. good loamy .ail. lur-.. .rr/y

di . .'tioii.

.)la. u >priu-.., /),W^,i/, „nd p.i.lar ; no mon it lin^ to b.

«■' 'U III rtiiy

llomrninfr IVom t!... mouth f tliis riv.-r. ^v • cro.. th.. iak- in a north
w.>1..rlv lir ..ti ,n hI. nil liv,. mil,., f. wh-ro it,, w.itor.. ur. .-ontrajtHl to
ha, I II mil in uidih.

Tli.'s.. iiariou-. i.-ad lo th- di- .IiLrsy,. and ..ii,. .mm ima.^'in.. by lookinir
at til- ..Ian liMvv Ion- if mitrht tak • th.. most oxp -rl ,.x;.lor -r to lind his
wav t,. t,,.. ,|,..,.h .r-,. vvitho.u hivni.? nom ■ o,,.- who kiunv th- war, for

ou.-\v..nld.ii.tur,,liv think, l.ai h. ..uijot would b,. at tlu, oth.-r end »'
th-' liik.'.

Th.. lak.. h.r.. turns v,.,t.raia an.l atfain .southward, where it widons
ontto n..arlytwoiniie.s ■, ..vidth. and about three mil.-.s lur.her ou it
turn, av.iin w-tward a- i narrows in to about live chains in width in
th- uarn.w-s, , •,, wI.t, M.-r- is a pretty swift eurrent. which gives a
sens- ..I r-lief u n,.n we k'low I hat w- have stru-k th' riijht bay at last
and that the di.seharife Miust b.. in this direction anyway.

15ut w.. are not yet at it. a broad expanse two miles in width meets
oar view, beautiful slopes of the richest -lav soil are seen on either side
well timbered with .s|.ru-e. hnulea,, and poplar ; and after makin? about
thr.-- mil,.s ,n a still westerly direction, w,. com- to other muTows and
swilt ,urr-nt. Her., th.. .-ountry on the north sid.. has been overrun by
hre and is now fov,.n.d with a thick secoinl growth of poplar, bouk u
aiui sinu.e.

Boyoiul the last iiu'Utiouod narrows, aiiothor oxpause cxleuds south-
■Wfstwaril a i^ouplf of mik's to where a pretty lirge stream comes in from
the south-west, a lul a deep bay extends a couple of miles more in a
southerly dirertion, and immediately north of this bay, we come at last to
the propi'v (lis( liargi', where there is a fall of -0 feet, which is passed by
a portage 1> chains long on the left bank.

For the mxt fourteen miles followiu!? down stream there is nothing
very remarkable.

The general course is west by north, an<l a succession of rapids and
chutes, bays and expanses of no great extent, briuir us to another lake
lying about at right angb-s to the general course oi th>' river. Most of the
country along here has been overrun by fire some twenty-live or thirty
years ago and is now well covered with a second growth of mixed
timb'»r.

The elevation of the last mentioned lake is S80 feet above sea level.
It measures four miles in lensjth by from A to ij of a mile in width and
about midway up its north-west side the discharge flows off in a south-
westerly direction, four miles to another lake (Tongue lake), measuring
six miles in length and from half a mile to a mil • and a halt .11 width.

In the latter four miles there are two chutes and one cascade, giving
a total lull of 24 feet.

The last mentioned lake is bordered by a beautiful gently rolling
country, ex<ellent clay soil well limberi-d w ilh large spruce, bouleau and
poplar. There is a small round mountain about ■'>*)() feet in height near
its north easterly iMid, but ii> every other direction the country is level or
gently undulating.

Following the diseharge of the latter lake, which turns south-east-
ward, we soon come to rapid water which, with a chute of ten feet at a
sharp bena passed by a short portage on tiie riirht, brings us to a long
expanse called Lichen lake, lifteen miles in length, varying from ten
chains to over a mile in width and lying in a nearly due westerly direc-
tion.

The country on either side is gently undulating, well timbered clay
land.

About two miles from the westerly end of the latter lake, a fair sized
river comes in from the south called Micouhi or Red Willow river.

There is a canoe route to the old Mekiscan post by this river, which
is the discharge of lake Wetetnagami and which will be more fully
described farther on.

.-s

Ml
'T-

INDIAN CHAPEL, GRAND LAKE VICTORIA.

MAKING HAY AT JAMES BAY.

I "

-r-

111

J-

Coiitinnini» down stream from the end ot the latter stretch, we tarn
northward u conplo of miles to unother largo laki' called Yatotskuan or
Rat lake. This is a fint' sheet of water, raeasuriuif about twelve miles in
length by from one half a mile to two miles in width, lying in a nearly
north-east direi^tion and bordered by a well wooded gv'ntly rolling country.

Near its north-easterly end, there are two discharges : the first turns
due west, while the other continues in a north-easterly direction and
flows into Opowakow Sagaigan or Sandy Point lake, forming an island
about three miles in length and nearly a mile in width. Lake Opowakow
lies nearly paralled to Yatotskuan for about nine miles, but flows in
the opposite direction, and is separated from the latter by a long tongue
of land that has been burnt over and is now covered with a beautiful
second growth of bouleau and poplar.

At its western end, it expands to about four miles in width, and nearly
in the centre of this expanse, there is a large island 2,500 acres in area, of
the rich(!st clay soil, covered with a large second growth of poplar and
bouleau.

This island is a great resort for the Indians who inhabit this region.

All kinds of fish taken in the Xottaway waters are here to be had in
abundance, particularly the sturgeon, which is the statf of life of these
wandering people.

Leaving this lake, the riv.T runs north-eastward for about six miles
through chutes, rapid« and expanses, giving a total fall of forty feet to the
head of the Sturgeon Falls.

Here the river turns sharply westward and falls in beautiful cascades
throush a narrow gorge formed by perpendicular walls of Huronian
rocks.

An excellent water power may be had here of over 30 feet head and
a never-failing supply can be held in the large lakes above described, at
comparatively small cost.

Below this fall the river runs northwest- ward about five miles to
where it meets the mightier stream coming from the north-east — the
united discharges of the Obatagoman, Chibougamou and other large lakes
to the north and east which drain the country to the rim of lake
Mistassini.

Now we t-mbark on a broad rollinir river whi.-h Hows steadily west-
wardJorlmileandahaUwheiiitturn. ^harplv uort), in a ra.-y rapid
through whirh your bark i. carried at railway" speed lor another mile,
ami then you come calmly to rest in a broa.l expanse, studded with Ion-
islands. "

From here to lake -Waswanipy, a distance ol'2(J miles, descendiiiff,
there IS nothing very remarkable in the river or in thecountry on either
side. Jhe river keeps its average width of about 10 chains, or 060 feet
except in a te^y pla.-es, where it is contracted bv rapids or broadened out
by large islands, us shown on the plan

Most ofthe country h.re has been overrun by lire many years ago
and IS now well covered ^vith ,,oplar and boulea>, on the level clay Hats
and occasionally >pru<e and Uanksian pine on the drier elevated ridges.

On approaching lake ^Vaswanipy, the shore, flatten out in level

^"^J^^X are covered with a luxuriant growth of blue joint

?ompan' '""'"'"' ' '^'"^ ''''''''' ^''"^ ^''' ^''^" Hudson Uay

()n one ofthe islands here overlookinirthe lake is siu.a.ed tie II B
Co s pos, of \\ asvvanipy. alroa.ly ,l,vsc,ibed in a previous report.

SIXTION \o ;].

FROM WA.s\VAMI>V TO L.\KE .VEMISKOW.

Forabmit live miles below the dischar-^e oi .ake Waswanipy the
river runs due north, spreading out i„ dive., channels throu la l-vo
c ayey plain, fonn.ng several lar.e islands well wooded with : nice fi
andtamarac. 1 he latter timber is mostly dry from the ravagL o,' thl

At the end of (he latter distance, the river tarns westward and How,

nearly due west for a distance of twelv i i ,,. ■ ^^^

empties into, lulllake. "'^ ' '"*^' m.les to where it

On the latl.M- stretch, the current is .roi.erallv swift ..ith i

shallow rap.l ahou, mi.hvay l,.,ween .h^two laL " """ '

The^e lapiils are e.isjly r
loaded caiioe.-.

ong

••nu or tracked „r poLnl up with or.liuary

feet

Th.. total dillcr.'iicc oiievel between Wii

iiswanipy and Gull lake is 20

The eountry o„ ..iih.r side is gently rolliug and is -enerallv well
timbered w„h .rey and black spr.ce. popLr. .,;,.•. and boul'au '

seentnVh .';■" h''"' '-"^r '''''«^«"'Py l-«t. «o'ne dry burnt hills are

ap 'rt ^ 7 " "■'''*** "'"• ^"* '^'' "- °f b«^"' -«»trv doe« not
api'e.ir to l)e oi <rre".t extent.

r. mil"". 'T '1J' '°;'S»''i<^«»t «heet of water. Its main body is about
!••» miles in length and;* to li in width.

A long peninsula on the west side juts out into the lake.

vojr!.]"':' 7 ""' '"'"-. ''^"''^' "°*^ '^'''^'''' '^°' °»»'»^ «heKer for
r.w.,.<. Cano-s are often wind-bound here for , veral days on their
^vay to and Irom the Company's headquarters at .Fames IJay.

Along the eastern and northern shores of the lake, the land rises in
grn le slop,.s o the richest clay soil, weil wooded vith la ... p uee

caj p,.(l b} blu,- mountain ]>eaks in the distance.

Its discharge falls off in a rough, crooked rapid at it.s north-west end

::':^T^^T''' r °' •'" ''''''-'' -^ ^-^^ -- .-xte. -.1°':

eas aul lor .sevn miles varying from half a mile to a mil. and , half in
width^ wnen It expands to nearly three miles in width with tvvo
larg. bays at either end of the south-..st side of this expanse whUe
another arm extends north-westward ibr tweh e miles. '

.astern end 'hnr;r"''1 T '' "^^"* ^ ™'l^' «"<i ^^ h= 'Abroad at its south-
eastern end, but ,t gradunlly narrows in for about six miles until it is

calkd oniv a river varying from o to i3 chairs in =dth, and then
expands agair into anotherlake about nine miles in len. iyin-^at r ght
angles to the course of the last mentioned arm. " ^

mostkwTh hi? i;''"'^ "■".'' "'""""^' low, level, clay land timbered
mostl> ^^ ,th black spruce and tamarac, excepting on the north side of the
1st mentioned lake, where burnt hiils from one to two hundred Met
olevat.on, covered w.th second growth ..f bouleau and poplar, meet the
view ,a,id horn there. 1 may say that there is neither land noT tmle
worth mentioning lor several miles northward.

\Vo follow np a Bluargish, miultly rivor, about two miles eastward
from lhc> lattt meationod lakt>, to whtTc a small stream enters from thu
north, whieh stream we follow on a nearly due north course for uhoat
sevu miles, in »vhich distanei' we pass throusyn fi\e small ' ikes, and then
turn around south-westward, follow. nir the sr.me walTs, and soon come
to a lake 1 and J miles in length and from 10 to 40 chains in width,
lying close to the summit where a short portage J mile in length over a
rough, unworn rocky waste, brings us over the height of land into a bay
of a large lake jf the Broad Mack, or ts'vell Hack or Little Nottaway chain
of waters.

This is a peculiar river. It lies parallel to the Rupert river and
drains a comparatively narrow basin extending from the western rim of
lake Mistassini to James Bay.

t)u this ordinary travelled route, irom Waswanipy to Rupert House,
we pass through several largo lakes on this chain of waters, and where
it leave.s the main river, there is only a distance of jj miles to lake
i"femiskow. a large expansion of the Rupert river.

I have not yet given any names to these lakes, for I thiuk they
deserve something more specific than "Big lake", 'Pike lake", "Mud
lake" etc etc , and as for the river itself it is time that it should be
known by some name that would covi^r it from end to end. Uig lake is
named Turgeon lake on the general map, and shall be henceforth known
under that name.

At its month, which is on Rupert Bay, midway between Rupert
Rouse and head of tide in the great \ottaway, it is called the " Little
Nt«taway", and further up, it is called the "Broad Back", and still further
np, tii ■ "Swell Back", in fact every family or band of Indians have their
own local name for every lake and river and part ot river ; and the
burning of •- patch ^o grow blueberries at either end of a lake is enough
to have the name changed to lar Bride or lar aux Bluets, otc.

I therefore respectfully suggest that, as soon as all these plans of
surveys aud explorations are compiled and laid down on a uniform scale
in appropriate name be given the main river to cover it from its source
to its mouth, and the diflFerent large lakes on its water should be given
app'opriate names also.

Starting from the last mentioned watershed, elev.ation T20 feet
above sea level, we follow a large bay northward four miles, and theu
turn sharply south-west for three miles to the main body of the lake.

HEIGHT OF LAND -PORTAGE BETWEEN SAGUENAV AND JAMES BAY WATERS.

EAST MAIN FORT H. B. CO. POST.

This is a magnific(.>nt nhcft of water lying in n north cust direction,
measuring 18 iniloH on said i-our.-io fron: its westorn bay to ita discharge.

Another bay extends southward from tho main body, which wo did
not exploro and which urobably may extund several miles in that
direction. This lake is about livo miles broud in the widest part.

Along here the soil is good loam, but the country appears rather
broken. Some of the lower flats are well covered with blaik .><pruce and
bouleau and the drier portions that have been burnt over from time to
time are generally covered with a dense growth of small cyprii or
Bauksian pine.

After passing the broad expanse above mentioned the lake narrows
into an average width of half a mile and runs for about lour miles
through a broken hilly country and again widens out to about three
miles in width, where it divides into two large bays, forming two dis-
charges that enclose an island three miles in length and over a mile in
width.

The eastern discharge is the one generally followed.

A splendid water power can be had here, for the water falls rapidly
from the lake in a succession of cascades that are passed by a short
portage on the right.

About a mile and a half below the confluence of the said two
discharges, the river expands again to over a quarter of a mile in width.

Here a pretty large stream, much larger than the one we followed,
down, comes in from thi> east called tho Kaitisequaus.

The country around here is poor and broken and looks as if it had
been repeatedly burnt over.

From the junction of said river, an expanse from a quarter to halt a
mile in width extends northward for a couple of miles and then narrows
to about six chains in width for another couple of miles until it opens
into Long lake.

This is a fine sheet of Water measuring 22 miles on our canoe route,
lying in a north-east direction and from where we strike it a large bay
or, more properly speaking, the main body of the lake, continues south-
westwardly as far as we could see.

This snut h'Wfi«t(>rn part wi> hud no time to survpy us the '<i-aaoii was
too lurntlvauivd ; wi' thonifht it inoro udvisablf to try and rouch th<' bay
aM^Booii AN positibit).

Th country along lifrt- on fitht-r sid»' is more or li'ss broken by hills
that runjf." from 2'iO to 80<> fwt in hciglit and arc iri-nt-rally covort'd with
a dtiiM' growth ot'middlc siz.-d sprucu, cxceptin!,' on tho dry burnt knolls,
where small ii,prr* is chifUy found.

Near the lowt-r end of this lako, uuotht-r large river comes in from
the east, which the Indians say, drains the c<mntry n^ar to lake Mistati-
■ini

Ihe river now puts on a majestic appearance ; its increased volume
of water is at once visible in the narrows that occur hulf a mile farther
down.

There is, immediately below these narrows, another crooked expanse,
a bay of which extends north-eastward that we did not survey, but
following down the main body we come to u portage on the left batik 20
chains in length which passes a chute 13 feet in height.

Jlere a very tine water power can be had, for by placing a dam at
the liead of this chute, twenty-live feet head may be itad and the whole
surface of the lake, 25 miles in lenu'th, would .serve as a reservoir.

An approximate measurenient of the river section and flow here gives
liie diM-harge in the neigliborhood of l,0()0.<i()0 cubic feet per minute,
wliich, with a head of 20 fi-et, would give over 37,500 horse power.

lielow this chute the river llow.s on a westerly course for ai)out
seventeen (17) miles to where it empties into an arm of a very larg.? lake
known to the H. B. Co. only by the name of Big hike, now lake
Turgeon.

In the latter stretch of river, there are several expanses from \ to '
of a mile in width, and between these there are a number of cascades and
rapids, seven in all, giving a total fah of 44 feet. The first six of these
rapids can be run with half loaded canoes, but in the last, on approach-
ing tlie lake, there is a cascade five feet in height which is passed by a
portage 8 chains in length on the riirht bank.

In the larter .stretch there atv 4 consid»'rable sized tributary streams,
one from the north ami three from the south.

The first is from the south and is called tlie PasciU'tiick of Moultin"'
riv.T. .Vt it,s luouth it app,-ais ti. avera-v I chain and a half in width
and is said to drain several irood siz 'd lake.-:.

The ni'xt. about a mile and ii half furthor down, rorafs in iVoin tho
north and in cullod by thf IndianN tho IVaitantnan-Sibouor Cano.- Hidden
river, and avi-rages about one chain in width.

The Indiiinn May that the boot birch bark for ian<K'» anywhere in thi»
region is found along this river.

The other two Ntreams eome ii; from th-' south close together about
four miles farther down.

The iirst is about Haifa ehain and the other over a chain in width.

The formation here is chiefly lluroiiian, with liirge veins of bhieish
white quart/.

I took a few specimens of the different rocks as often as time would
permit in passing ul«.»<r, particularly wlieii anything reiaurkuble was seen
in the [)oitages.

We are now fairly liiuiiilicd on lake Tiirgeon.

This is th'> liiiifcst sheet of wntcr so f.. known in our province north
of the hi'ight of hind and w.'vt of hike Mistassini.

its extreme lensrth, from north-cusi to south-west, is (31J) thirtv one
and half miles, and its width, from .south-east to north-west, is about 18
miles.

It lies between the paralj.'ls of .■)0" 41' 40' and ol' 0;;' ,^0' north lati-
tudes and 70" 44' and TT" Iti' west longitudes and its elevation is (Jl-J feet
above sea level.

By these dimensions, it would appear to be larger than lake St John
but still it does not contain so great a body of water, bcMug mostly
made up of large bays, peninsulas, points and islands, and like "the latter
lake its waters are generally very shallow.

In fact, most of the lakes of the James Bay slope and Labrador peuin-
.sula are surprisingly shallow in proportion to their extent.

One of my assistants who had been with Mr A. P. Low. told me
that the latter gentleman having discovered a very large lake in the
interior and wishing to ascertain its depth in about thedeepest part, tied
together all the trackin-r lines he hal and put on a couple of axe's for
additional weight on ' unding lead, and paddled out several miles

to tho oentTO of the lake, and, to hU alter aatoniihm>mt, vihen he threvr
out hii K'od. it rt>a(;htHl tho bottom at only twelro (12) feot. TL .e are ax-
o«>ptioii, orcnurii«%a8 in MiHtauiui and Wahwauichi, (Jhibotftimou and
aomo other northern laken \vnere we find dtx'p water, bat the majoritf of
thfin iin* Nliallow.

Hut to coin«» hank to the lako here, I ^id not find more than 30 feet
in d.'pth anywhero, and in tht^ broad expaus** croiBed by us, from where
vrn .•uitTi'd ih.> main body ol th<! hik" to the central portaijt', a clear sheet
of water n.'arly sis mili'N broatl, w.* found bottom with tho paddlea
nearly nil the wav arroms; of course, in the broad expaitso near the Houth-
em <'ud thcr.' may be some parts much deeper, but this I had no time
to asciTtain.

The low swampy portave across the central tonqruo or peninsula of
the l:ik\ l>y whirh a shorteiiiii!» of over twenty one miles in the canoe
ton:.' is mailc. i.s one i.f the meanest, nastiest, wettest and dirtiest holes
that evi'r a ••!iii>iian put foot on.

Til ' <!i tan. ,> ncross is only a mile and a quarter, an 1, as y iruides
s.ii.l. WIS Hilly a jnil". I si irted with my instrumiMits alieid of ilu) men
v\\} ri.iir 1 > !• a h the oilier end in time to lak- an observation belore iho
sun w ouiil ^T^•\ loo low.

1 was mis i:en, liow.'V.T, for between lio^r^ini,' knee de.'i> in mud
and jiunpino- IVoin one nii/u'er-lieail to anotln-r, and softly erawiin"^ mv
w;iy i>v 'i- sliakin'j- hoirs. \i: . ilie snn had ;,'one too far down befor • 1 <ould
reach 'lie nihiT si.lf oi iind a place .solid eiKmijh to plant an iiislrnni nt ;
and nof.viilistaiidiinr tlmi 111.' tliennometer was within one dejjr,',' of tho
freoziii'jr point on tliat eahn sunny evening of the inth September 181I7,
til" nio>.([uit(>es, sand-llies and every other kind of Hies, seemed to wel-
come <inr arrival in th.'ir quiet al)o<le with an attention and ener^^y that
only the Hies of tlie East Main eoast could rival.

The lo:ule,l .niioes of llii- 1[. 15. Company briirade a^enerully make the
round unless in very niifivorable windy weather when they are some-

tiiiiis ril)li!T,.(l t(, i;ik.' the porta'je.

Th.- .■ouiiliv ■nouud this like is <^iuierally level except at the S'.iitli
end wh.'ri' isf)late(l hills and knolls risi- .some two or three hundred feet
ail .V ■ ih • l..v,.l .-! i.'i.- l:..ke. Thesoil is a '_;or>d brownish -l.-.y and .s<-i-nis
t.i li.-^" ill lii-y slop 's we>(wai(l. w '11 eovered with bhiek and yrey spruce
taiiiara •. ew. •

From tliH i>n:l ol' tho |H>rtngi> thx c»Dot> roate lesda uorth through the
middle channel ahont six laileH to the northern extrt^tnity of the large
ialand on thf l«lt, and thcnc»', tho river Howm north-eastward 2)
mileH with a steady enrrent until we eoine to the upper jumping portage.

This is a sfood well beaten portage, Afteen chains i : '. 'Ugth on the
left bank, by which the upper jumping chute is passed.

The diti'ercnee ol bv.-i there in only ten I'eet, but with u dam at the
head of the chute, a <;ootl water poWer can be had, eunvertinif the vu^t
surface of (he biaf lake into a never lailinir resiTVoir.

About seventy ^•hain^< further down we come to the lower jumping
portatfi", a ifood well beaten portaire alxmt the same lentrth a-* the upper
one ami on the sann- side ol the river, but the fall here is twice as sjreat
as at the upper portuare.

Anolhi-r inairnilii .nt water power can be had here: in fait I believ
that tie banks are suiri.Mfnily hiifh to admit ol a dam beiiiy built here
at miimI r;iti' ((ol tliat Woub' lloml back the wat.-r and .'Ifaci' i!i.. olli.r
«luit>' and liavt< till' ns.Tve ol' ilic ]!)■; lake to draw Iroiii, with more
than double ihe hea>' of water to work witb. The elevation ot H'\rr lake
is tilJ feel and that of t lie ,,)ot ojijie lower jiimpin'r.hule .')7t! le.i.sothat

a head of 40 feel can be had with a llow of at least l.OOD.HOO ellbje f,.et of

water per minute, yivinv iver 7'>,0<>u liors.- power with never failinir head.

Heiow the chute the rive) nvis rapidly northward for about a mile
to where it opens out inio a bro; ; expansi-. a mile in width, andtlien
turns westwards in u son of crooked lake { tr, ■} of a mile in width.

The country here seems i" have l»een burnt over some thirlv vara
airi> and is now coveri'd with a tliick i^rowtii of poplar, f-niilt-ninwid < i/pris.
About six ip'les below, the hist mentioned portau:e we come to a prettv
larirc lake lyinir X. E. and ,S. W. nearly at riirht an-'li's to the lieneral
course of the river.

We purveyed the south-west shore of this lake throuL'hout and part
of the easterly shore, but had not time to f.diow tiieureat bay noriii-
«'asi ward, where a second discharu-e Hows olf lormiug an island several
liundred acres in area.

The elevation ol tiie lake IS i")",') fe.'t al)i.ves-a lev.-l and at ils western
dischtirje, a portai^e one mile in leni|th on the west side parses -•hules
and rapids thai srive a fall of 40 fi;,^t.

At the foot of this portago, the river expands again to J of a mile in
width and extends due north two miles, growing gradually narrower
until, at its junction with the other diccharge, the united waters flow
due west, and from this point we enter the long portage to cross to the
Rupert river.

This portage is 31 miles iu length, the longest on the whole route.

Thf lirst stag.' is partly through swampy land and then wo ascend
on dry, sandy, rocky ridges.

Tht' summit is 115 feet above the level of the Uroad Uack, or Little
Nottaway, and from th.-n- a doscnt of 50 feet in a little less than a mile,
tak.'s us to a small lab' alx.ut 1 mile and a half in length, a fe.'der of lh.»
Rupert river.

]5oth soil and tiutlxT are worthless all along this portage, and on
approachiiiir the Rup-rt the (Huiiitry ha^ been repeatedly overrun by fire
aiul !•< <-(.vereil witii only a small se,!oud <rrowth of black spruce and
cypns with s.mi' small >tunle«l poplar and boal.au.

Froui I hi' tool ol the last meiili.)i\ed lake a porta'u'e of lialf a mile on
the l.li liaiid t;ik's us lo lake Xemiskow, a larg • .'xp 111 siou of theliupert
river ; .-levalioll. ■)4'.l fe.'t above sea level.

W.' liad not till! • to survey this lak.', so we simply took i;i the por-
tion of it shown on the plan as we went along.

The eanoe rout.* skirts the -vest shore of the lake In.m point to point
for a distune.' of about seven miles, and then follows down a small dis-
charii-e for about 4A mile.s to where an easy portage of about 15 ciiaiiis on
the iefi bank (noss.-s a long narrow point, and we come at once to the
main discharge, the broad, wild, rapid rolling llupert river.

SliCTlON No 4.

About half a mile above the last mentioned portage, I found by
astronomical observation the latitude to be 51" '1-i' 30" .V. and lo„gitude

77 ' 00' west.

The Uuperl is only about twelve chains in width where we embark
at the foot of the last intMitioii'd pina'^^-, l)utitsoon widens out to nearly
a mile in width and the imp''t,i .siiy of the ciirr-nl ihroim'li the narrow

part above mentioned is felt for nearly a couple oi miles eddying and
bubbling through this expanse.

Below this, the river averages half a mile in width for over six miles
on a west-by-south course and then turns sharply north-westward through
a deep narrowjirortre about a mile in length and then due west six miles
varyins from lifteen to forty chains in width.

For the last four miles there are two channels, erabracinir an island
4i*miles in length and over 1 mile and a half in width, as far as we could
see from the south'channel which is considerably the largest.

There is good clay soil all along here and for a couple olmiles below,
where the river is divided again by another large island, and 2Jraile8
further on, there is a third channel, forming another island over two
miles in length.

The CDiintry here is low and marshy, and on the last mentioned
islmds and river shores, lavers of peat from 5 to 10 feet in depth cover
the clay banks on cither ^ide.

Below these islands the river Hows calmly west for I mile and a half
and then turns sharply southward in racy rapids until we turn oil" from
the main river into live muuth of a fair sized branch t*) the right where
we come to the head of t!ic oatmeal [lortage.

This i>oilagc is threo quarters of a mile in length through a rolling
country cnver<d with second growth.

The total lall in the river here is sixty feet nearly in one majestic
chute.

Taking t!ie How of the Rupert here to be :5, 000,000 cubic feet pjr
minute, as approximately measured, with this head of (10 teet, it would
give ."i3it,81S horse power.

Uelow thi- portau:e I lie river hroid mis out to over a mile in width
and then Haws oircilmly for about thr.' ■ miles to where we arrive at the
White lieaver poitage.

Here the river turns shar|>ly southward and forces its way through
a narrow gorge cvver ■\ .■h'nr chute H feet in hoiu'lit.

Over liiO,00'> hoi'.^e power is .ivailiiiie ueie. llelow tlie chute, the
river soon exi);uuls e.i.iw inl uito i biy ii 'arly a mile in depth and ovsr

half a mil.' in width, and thon Hows 'vpstward about nin<> miles botwoen
low hanks of brownish blue day, wliich soon rise to a height of Irora 50
to 60 fi'ft above the level of the river.

Several good sized creeks fall into tlio river from both sides along
this stretch and along the valleys of tliese creeks, there is an abundance
of irood simice. The soil appears to ]).■ of excellent quality all along
here.

We are now at the head of the four portages. The lirst on the left
about a mile in length, passing a chute and rapids that give SJ feet fall
and from there, we huv, barely time to cross the riv r. when we come to
the second portage, which is about half a mile in length, givingasudden
drop of 63 feet, offering upwards of n40,<.00 liorsc power.

P'rom the foot oi this portage we only can go about f of a mile to the
next portaire, whit'h is a!.so on tlie right nearly a mile and a Ii;ilf in lenirth,
passing a el)Ute and rapids, giving a total fall of 80 feet, about 4,)3,000
horse |)owcr.

From this portage Ave run nearly a mile throuiih a brc>;ul expanse to
the last of the four portages which is on the h It bank.

This portage is sliort. there is no chnte here, but the rapids are too
roU!jh to be run with > dinnry rano''s.

It will be se-n by relVrrinir to th'' plans and i)ronie!< of the river here
that there is rather a suddiMi'drop in thestreain andtlie couiiiry bordering
it on either side for the last live iiiile.s.

At the head of the lirsl of ilu' four portages t!ic elevation of the
water is 312 f'et above sim 1( v.-l, and down at the font ol the List
mentioned portage the elevation is only U - f> et, uiviii;;' a total tall of
180 feet.

We have now before us a stretch of live miles of b-antiful nver, with
rich clay banks and no atones on either side, and well limbered with
large spruce, poplar aiul Imulenu.

At the end of this stretch, we come to another portage 1 mile and a
quarter in length, giving a full of 74 feet.

There is a remavkiible change here in both s<)il and tiinlicr : a poor
sandy cypres country throughout the entire lengthofihis portage. Hdow
this, however, the countrv chanires again and the rivev li(,\vs ( :;'m!y I'ue
■west for seven miles bctw -en clay banks tiiat ri.«e fiom 4o t<i t>0 leei al>ove
the level of the water.

Many landslides are seen in this stretch and the country is well
timbered with sprnce, poplar and bonleau. At th-^ end of the seren mil.
stretch ,a.t mentioned, th. rirer turns sharply northward and spreads
oat into two channels, enclosiuff an island about 100 acres in extent.

The .-anoe route follows the smallest chann.-! which i. on the west
side and we soon com. to a porta-e on the left bank i of a .aile in length,
giving a difference of level of 14 feet.

Below this port„,.e, th. river turns due west again and flows on
calmly for another s .v.m, mil.s, iu which ,tret.-h there ar.s.vera' islands

tu7ny ■: ''*'• u'" ■^'""' '^ '' '"'''''"'" "'■ P-'^ *>""^ three t<v

Jour teet de.-p ovenying the banks on oit'ier side.

The route now follow., th ■ south-r.. diannel where the river divides
around a lari^n. island, at tho loot o( which ther.- is a short porta<.e.
eight cha.ns ,n leno.th and. after de.s.viuling the river about a mile, ^e
come lo allot iicr .short porta^'-e on the riiht.

From the foot of the last m.ntionecl portag... about tuo mil.'s of .-aim
r.v.r. n.arly a niil. in width, brini;- us to .he h.a.l of .Sm ,ky 11:11 portag.-

This porta:,... J mile and a half in length, is M>parat.d in two by .,
Sinai I lak.. which is situat .1 ab ,ut midway t.-tween rith -r end.

Wc .•a.np.d at this iak- and 1 fou,ul by astronoMii.-al obs -rvati..,. th ■
Intitud- to I- .5r' '2:r 4-." X and lonnitud • 7S' M-.' r,0" W.

The poituire IS on the r.irlv * auk aa,l a coi.sidorabie portiou of it is

cu int.. the stc.;p day bank.s or st.vp side hills that lise from ,0 to 50
li'ct above the river

The totd fall here is .-.2 fe -t, This h. .d. with the increase! How of
wat .r, -ives over .300,00(1 horse-power

Hudson Bay ( ompai.y s crews lor ca.eh.u.v th-ir supplies of li.sh for winter
Th« «ea trout and white fish ascend as far as here and are tak -n in

From here the nver Hows broad, calm and majestic for nine mile.

"u^s"::;" ' 'r/'" """■* "•^*'^' ^^-'^'^^'^ ^^^^ ^•^--">' -> wuhTar:

crnoer '''"'"''''" "■"^'''•"'^"''" 'he right with sm,:!,

At ordinary high tidos h.-re, there is about ten i'.'.-t diffmMice of level
from head to ioot, hut in exlr.in- hi^'h tides, when the bay waters are
driven southwards by stronjr northern gales, the high tides eliminate these
rapids.

From the foot of these rapids to the Hudson 15ay Company's po^t of
Rupert House the distance is two and a haU' miles ami th-i river expands
to over a mile in width.

The laud on either side from the Smoky Hill portage to tide water is
excellent .lay soil, free from st ones, level and well timbered with grey and
black spruce of good size and (luality, as far as can be seen from the river.

About midway down I saw some spruce stumps over two feet in
diameter that were'cut by the H. B. Vo., and down close to tide water at the
moittii of ilu; river on the north side I saw several spruce trees imin 18
inches tu two feet in diamet.-r and sixty to ninety feet in iufht.

This completes the report of exploration of 1897 lioui lake St John
to tide vvater at James Bay.

>ince then the whole coast line of the province, as far north as East
Main Fort, has been surveyed by me and will be reported on in due time
as soon as the i)lans &c., of same an- completed.

SliCTION No 5.

RIVEli DU CHEF

The river >/n Chef -vhere it joins the Chamouchouan river 84 miles
from lake St-.Tohn, and 'M'-) feet above sea level, is by far the largest
branch of tliat great artery.

Properly speaking, the liver du Chef and the river Nestaskano,
should be , ailed the Cliamouchouan, or ,\shuapmouclioimn or tlie MooSe
river, to give tie- literal translation from the native Indian, the place
where the Moose feed.

The river (In Chef is nearly twice the .^izc of the branch that drains
lakes Chain..nc!.ouan and Nikaub.Hi ; and the \esta-kano is twice the
size of the braivch that drains ('anoe and l"ile-Axe lakes.

Startiiiu' lr"!u ilie ( 'h-mi(inehonaii Fork^. a stieteli of a little ov t l\\
miles on a north cimrse a majestic river, varyiim- in width iVom ten
twenty chains, brings us to Rnpi'le LOrignnl wliere a portag.> of abr,

fifteen chiiius on the wotst biiuk brings us past tho rapids tlie difforence
of level being about ten feet.

From liere we have a <',oraparatively level stretch for about eleven
mih-s to the mouth of the river Azianui', where thi e! vation is 047 feet
above sea level.

Tile river Azianne is a considerable sizeu stream, coming in from
the east : it is ted by some forty lakes

It branches into three fair-sized streams about ten miles from its
mouth, and each stream is sufliciently large to carry canoes a considerable
distance inland

About half a mile above the mouth of the Azianne river, we come
to tlie rapids of the same name, which are passed by a portage of aboat
five chains on the west bank. The total difference of level here is about
six feet.

About a mile above these rapids, we come to the cypres portage on
the east bank, near the head of which comes in the river Dote from the
west side.

My guides informed that there are eiglit fuir-sized lakes drained by
the latter river.

On this servile, I engaged men wiio knew the country for miles on
either side, who had b -en bini here and live by hunting.

At night by the civinp-tire, after plotting each day's work, I used to
get them to trace ajiproximat ly the adjacent laktis, rivers and portages,
as shown by dottel iies on the ai'C )mpauyiug plan s^ct. Xo 5.

About 2]t mi oud the mnith of the Dirf, the rivjr dii Chef

makes -.1 -harii hini, uth-westwar<l, iiud here I i'ouud the latitude to be
49 •'•2' l.V N'. and lo igitude "3" "21' W, and the elevation above sea level
980 feet

Two miles above this point w.' comi^ to the Bauleau rapids, but
before reaching tliem, We turned northvvar 1 through a chain of lakes and
portages that make a short cut to meet t'le rivc'r again sev 'ral miles
farther up as shown on the plan.

The distance by this short cut is only three miles, while the distance
around by the river is over nine miles.

Then- an* spiM-klod tmut in thi- small lak "s on this route but th -i-e are
uoiif in thi' riviT.

JliiU'u mile iihovf where we meet the river iieain briiii;s us to Big

Pike hiiy, a sort of hiuroon on the west side, and oii the mime level as the

river here. ]0.')4 feet above nva level. Thin bay is the Indians' relut^e for

Ush food. Pike and mascalonsje are 1 1 ii here in plenty at all s-asons

weiirhing from 10 to 3"i lbs eaeh

This is also the country for bears. My guides told me that an Indian
family niimtd MeAb. e killed 18 bears here one sprinp without moving
CTinj) ; and thit iive other Indian families eame and eamped beside hiia,
and helped to eat the meat, and while there they caught 18 more, .md
went down to the post with their .'i'i bear skins and other furs as soon as
the ice went oH"

Otter, heaver, mink, marten and other fur-bearing animals tro
plentiful in this region also.

Th.y say that, a good hunter an always make his two dollars a day
on an avenge on these wa'i'is and soa,' tim-s double and treble tiiat
araouni ; llierefore it can be easily imagined how independent those
fellows may feel, and how dilfieult it may be sometimes to get them to
work as tliey iiave to do, in ascendinir these rapid rivers and porta'^es
heavily l;i<' n.

About a mile and a lialf al)ove j'ike Bay we come to the main river
forks or oonlluence of the Nestaskano rivr with ilie File-.Vxe and Canoe
lake waters, -JH miles from the mouth of the Chef river and 10(J0 feet

aboVt^ sea level.

Tlie X.-.staskaiK. is a muL'nili.vnt riv.r averaging ,ibout JM'i feet in
widili, Willi d 'ep water and .steady current as far as we followed it. The
Indians >ay liiat it drains an immense baiiu .si;ietching lar beyond the
parallel of lake .Mistassini

As above stated it slionld he ealled the main riv.-r Ghamouchouan,
fori! is by lar tiie lari--esl of all its hianclies at this distance, IIG miles
from lake .-^t ,Iohn.

The easiest route enin-r to Mista.ssini follows up this river a couple
of miles In-yond the forks, to the (/,v,Wr M,re portage, where a slu.rt
carry of about twenty chains, thioue-h a level l,ruk-, takes us into a small
lake, or rather a su.cessiou of ponds that connect with the other branch
about :!i miles above tiie forks.

Th»'iice, up to thu Little Uruiidt! Mere a difttance of lOJ miles, there
18 very littlis worthy of rciixiirk, the ('((iiiitrv i»oks poor ou eithur side,
level str.'ttjhc's of Wiiti-r with o.v-asioHul r;i.>ids iti!it <rive a ditft^reuce of
level of ui'ii'ty let, brinafiii'^ the elevation of tlio latter poiut to 1105 feet
above si'a level.

Hu'in^ eiinap.'d at this p»iut, I lnund by a m 'uii of ob<i'rvatioua of
the Sim and stir-<. tlie hititul- to b « 4't' 47' il" iiiul lou^'itud > IV 34" W.
and the luairiietio variation IK' 45' W.

From here up to the rivi-r Petite Menle forks, a <listance of about 7J
miles, the river runs nearly north and sontii, and then runs nrarly due
west for 5 J miles.

In the neiahborhood of the latter forks, thi' country has bet^n lately
overrun by lire and the soil is so poor and sandy that it can liardly grow
blue-berries.

Some small witliered black spruce and ri/pris and stunt.-d blue-
berry bushes and swamp tea is all tiiat can be seen.

.\t tlie west end of tlie latter stretch there are two portages separated
by a small rivi-r and a level stretch of live chains.

Tlie as^ijreiiatc l.iifftli of these portaurjs is about 1 mil* and a half
overcoming 4.') fe-t ditlerence of level.

From there up to lak ' Bon'mmmi;. a distanc of ab;)iit 9 mil"s, the
river lies ai::iiu nearly north and south, but before reachiuii tlie lake we
pass over tlie swampy port ige nbout a mile in lenoftii overcoming a differ-
ence of level ol ;)8 feet.

Lake Bonhommt-, or Old \Lin lake, is simply an exp.insiou of this
river ; it is ol Circular form and measures about half a mile in diameter,
its elevation is l:i:io feet above sea level.

From lak>^ Lonhnmine up to Canoe lake, the distaiict> is oj miles and
the dillereiice ol level To feet, oO feet of which is overcome by the Bou*
homme portM'jre on the west bank as shown on the plan.

Lake (/f.< Cnnols is a peculiarly shaped lake, m fasuriug about seven
miles ill leiigtli. ami three mil"s in width in the widest part but, be.ng
a make up of islands, j)oinis and hidden bays, it is dilficult to get a view
of any considerable portion of it from any one poiut.

Its t'l.'Viition is 140.") Ifct abovi' ko:i l.vcl. aiul tht? surrouiidini,' oouii-
try is geii.riiUy l-'vol ami Wfll tiiubor.-d with hia.k spriK-'".

From the npp.T oiul of Caiio.- lak'- ..we asrewl bj' a rapid ruiusiug
Btream ;iiid a .oiipl.- of portair<'8 to u sm^ll lake givinij a rise ol"3.» ft'i't iu
lee>8 than a mili-.

This small lak.> is about a mih- and a quuitt-r in l.-nirth, aud from its
northiTii I'lid an t-axy poria'^'i* of liftccu <h;iii»x inkcs u.s to Loou lake
■where the elevaticm is 1450 feet above sea level.

Loon lake is u fair si/rd sheet of water and dotted with some
pieturesque islands.

Its extreme length is 4J miles and width about one mile.

From a bay on its west side a portajre of about 20 chains takos us
into File Axe lake, the last and largest lake on this eliaiii of waters, mea-
suring ten miles in length by live miles in width iu th" widest part,
surveyed, by us and its elevation above sea level is 1470 feet.

A long bay extends eastward from its north eastern end, which the
Indians say is as long as the part I surveyed.

The country here a.s far as ean be seen from the lake is rolling and
hilly, and where not overrun by lire is well timb.-red with hi lek spruce
aud rijiin'i.

Immediately at the iiortli end of this lake we come to the height of
land, or sunnuit iietween the Sagm-uay and .Tami'.s l>:iy waters.

The high''.-i Mimmit olthe porlanc is only 30 feet above the level of
the water and l,.)Uii feet above sea h-vel.

MISTASSINI WATlillS.

Lake Travers, the first lak i tlie Uupert river waters met with on

this route, is a nice sheet of water -JJ miles in length by about 2.') chains
in width. It disiharges westward Irom itsnorthen end into Perch river,
a tributary of Lake Mintassini.

We portage from lake Travers into another small lake, and then
another portage, half a mile in length, takes us to the Perch river, which
■we descend about six miles, and then cross over by the long portage, a

'it>

W>'11 bi'utcu tniil. thnm:,'!! n tlry roUiiis,' rp/ini i«»uiitry J of a inilf in
I'Uifth, \vhi<h briiitjs us t.) I'uhistuehouan buy, an arm of (rrand Lake
MiiiiUMsini.

TluT." is iiothiuu; rumarkiiblf in the <ouiitry fii'iu thf hfighl oflaudto
lakf Mistassini, with tliis .'xc<'|>ti.m tliat thion!|hoiu th.' ..luiitry drained
by the ChamdUihoUiiii, th<' nxk formation is all j,'Ufiss and <,'raiiit«', while
■bortiy aft.T crossins? the h.'is^ht of land, sedimentary roeks are seen oa
the lower jtart of the Perch river i<nd alons? the lust ra.'niion.-d portage.
The distanee from the summit to t^abistachouan bay by our eanoe route is
about 8 miles and the dill'ereneo ot level 300 feet, whi<h brinies the eleva-
tion of G-raud Lake Mi»tassini to be 1,200 f.-et above sea level.

We follow Cabistachouan bay westward for three miles, and then

cross over the toncfue which separates it from Abatagush bay by a level

porta!,'e ;50 ehains in length and then descend the latter bay northward

about live miles to reach the Hudson Bay Company's post on Grand

Lake Mistassini.

SliCTION Xo 6.

We went southward from the Hudson Bay Company^ post through
Sassikan and Abatagush bays. The former does not appear to have ever
been surveyed, and as Mr Lemoine had followed the east «hore of the
latter bay, my check on his work on closing with him at tie south end
of the bay insures a correct map of both sides.

The ehorti'st canoe distance from the H. B. Co. post to the southern
extremity of Abatai,msh bay of lake MiNtassini is li'.\ miles, and the dis-
tance from there to laka Wahwanichi is about four miles.

Lake Wahwanichi takes its nam' from the mossy mountains, that
border the hike. Wokwna means rock weed, and Achi mountain ; the weed
or lichens are used us un article of food by the Indian.-^.

It is a magnificent sheet of water meaRuring twenty miles in length
and from one to three miles in width. It lies nearly parallel to the divid-
ing ridge or height of land, viz, N. E. iS: S. W.

Its elevation is 123f> feet above sea level, and 39 feet above Mistassini.

This is considered one of the best lakes for fishing of any on the
northern slope. One of our Indians with only half a not out one night,
caught ninety seven trout, from 3 to 9 lbs weight. Of course, all kinds of
fish that are found in Mistassini lake are taken in this lake also, for there

is uo chut.» sufBci.'iitljr high to prerei-t th.'in from <;oinc I'l m oiif Inki- to
the otli.T. Thf <ouutry hortL-rinif th.- Ink.-, piirti.ularly on th.' north w.'Kt
aide. In niih.'v nuinvitiiii?. Fon'st liros huv.- uw-pt ovi-r thi- irr.-iit.-r part
of it intiiiy vrtirsjn?.). ami it is now partly ov.Tsrrowa with poplar, boa-
lean and l)la k upruoo.

On th.' no.th-Wfst sido tho laud ih gern'rally more roni,'h and hrok.'U
than on the south-east, and near th.- north .-nd bare raoHvcoT.T.-d moun-
tains ri«i' from 300 u) .'lOO ioft abow the K'v.'l of thf lake.

About tho raiddlo of th.- luk- a porta;?.- b-ads w.-stward to th.- Notta-
way waters, and at the south end another route leads southward, throui^h
a .'hain of lak-s and portages, a dis'an.u of about livo miles to a bay of
lake Chiboui,'amou, ne,.r Juggl.-r's mountain.

There is ail elevation of on.- hundred f.et in the first portage in a
distan.-.'of half a mile to the first lake where the elevation is i:J30 f.-et
above si-a level.

The dividin^' ridg.- here between the Rupert river aud Xotiaway
waters is 1350 feet above sea level.

rSturireon abound in the Nottaway waters, but there are non.- in the
Mistassiiii or Rupert waters.

On the last port.isre near th.' shore of lak.- Chilwug.m.' i I lound by
solar olo-Tvatiou tliat th.- de.lination of th.' niiurnetie n-'edl.- \\,i> l'"'t!' 00,
caused of e.turs.' by the proximity of b.'ds ol ma.4:n.li«! iron :

The noniial variation here should b." about 20" W.

The .ountry J'* h "isi^^ of magnetic iron, aud the roi?ks are red from
the (l.'.-.>mi)osiug pyrites.

11. -r.' there is a remarkable jr.'yser-like spring of pure elear euld water
that seems to boil up int.'rmittingly

.lusri'ler's mountain not far distant, from its fortress-like summit,
•was suppos.'d by the nati".' Indians to l)e the dwelling place of the
Mat.liiinanitou. and tu.y b.-li'Ved that this boiling spring throbbed in
conn.Mtiou with th.- plicid or turbulent feeling or disposition of the
great master of the raeuntain.

Even at this date the half-l)r.'eds of Lake St John an- superstitious
reffarding this, and would rath.r go thirsty than partake of its waters.

Liiki' Chihoat^iimoa in a inagiiiKrciit Nh«>>>t of \vul<-r, moavuring
i'ightt'cti mill's in l«-iiifth hy nix iiiilcH in width.

It is Nlmlili'il all ovt>r with ht>auiiful iNlands, and 111- land rist'ii in
easy slopi-s all around excfjii at th<' north <'nd whiTf thf Vermilion,
Sont'Vt'r and ,lua;t(l«'r mountuihH rise I'rora 300 to TiOO I'ffl uIm»v»' thf U*Tol
of thw laki'.

A lew bnrly t't'darsbordiT its dhort's ht-re and th"r>', and ou 8orat> of
thf islands and i-asy slopes of the mainland, fair sized black and lfr«y
■prni'i' ari' loand.

The lake is HAS feet !ilK)ve sea level or MS feet lower than Inko
"Wahwanichi. It diseharires by two outlets into anothi-r lake near its
northern end, forminjjone of the main branches of tlie Nottaway river.

At i'.s southeri" end, a slnsrffish creek and a chain of lakes and
portaures. coveriuir a distance of eiijht miles in a sonth-wi-sierly direction,
brinirs us to lake Obataufonian ; and on this stretch there is little to be
seen, but burnt iiills covered with second j»rowth of ooulean and popla'
and o(rcasion:il . himps of s|>rune and larch, in the lr»\v bottoms.

OBATAGttMAN

Obatauroman in the most bewilderinir lake imaijiiiable : its length
on till- canoe routi- is about fouvieeii luiles. but it stretches out into ho
manv bavs. aims and nooks and is dotted with so many islands and
points etc, tiiul it is not uncommon lor the Indian hunters themselveB to
be lost for days in its intricate waters.

l!s elevation is 1120 leit above sea I'Vel and 32 feet below the level
of lake Chibouiiamou.

At one place near its center i wo lonir points close in and lea v>' bet weon
only a narrow passaire a coiiple of chains wide.

After i>a8sinsi: through these narrows, we surveyedone route through
the islands and aimtlier around tlie southern shore until we came to the
inlet which we I'ollowed for about live miles to the lieight of land
between the Nottaway and Sasynenay waters, wliicii we found to be 1275
feet above sea level.

On the latter stretch there are seven portaaes, and unless in high
water part of the str-'am cannot lloat more than htilf loided canoes, some
of the portages are only short lumps, and the longest is not over j of a mile
in lencrth.

About l.M cliuiiiH I'list ol' thi- Hiumuit, w.' com.- lo u Hiaal! i> uul wliifh
di»<hur«.^ into a lake ii.arly u mil.- imi a halliu l.iiu:lh uml Uilt a mil«
in wi.lili aiul from thero u portaur-' of ah.mi iola mil.- lak.> us into
Whitflisli lak.-.

Til.' -ouutry w>v«tt of Wliit.'lisli lak.- i^ ralli.-r mouutaiiiou>.

Th.' loll^'.'!*t urm of th-- lak-- l.'a<ls soiitli about ^ mil-* au<l th»>
shorter arm «'ast 1 mil« and n half

From th.-r.' a .|imrt.-r of a mil.' porta-,'.- followiny; tb.- di^.-hargi' from
the »hort.-r arm tak.-s uh into llran.-h lak.- 2A mil.-s in l.-ui^th

At tb.' .liHchar)?." of tliis lake I waw Hom»' v.-ry liu^ sprnoe. Th.-ro is
good loamy noil hiT.- oVi-rlyini? rich clay bottoms, but the el.-vation b-ing
llti4 f.'.'t abovo 8»'a l.'V.-l in this latitude. 4!«' 80' N .th.' climati- .annot he
expeeti-d to be very favorablf.

Continuini? down tlif disfhar!?.' w.- pass throuufh Bovcral nmall rapids
(all of which w.- ran with half loaled .anofw) we pass through several
expanses, the largest three of which ar- called respectively Obamis.atcie,
Rush, and Gordon lakes, and enter lake Nikaubau at seven uiiL-.s from
Bran.'h lak.-.

iiuk.- Nikaubau is a line sh.-et of wat.-r, measuring oj miles in length
and C in width.

Its elevation is ll'iO feet abov.' sea lev.'l.

At its soutliern end come in the unit.-d waters of lak- As.uts. i.- and
lake \em.-ujish wher.- I closed on my survey of 1H.»7. as sh.uvu by the
accompany ina; plans No 1 and No t>.

Th.- .-nviri>ns of lak.- Nikaubau show a i,'.)<;'i. lotmy soil uiul are
ly W--11 timb -red with spruce, boul-au and poplar.

SHCTION No 6-A.

Section 6-A, comprises from lake Wahw.michi westwarJ to tlie
confluence of the Chibougomou and Obatogoman waters.

On leaving lake Wahwanichi a portage 70 ohs in length in a N. W.
direction over th.i height of land separating the water- oftli.- Rnpert,
from those of the Nottaway, brings us to a small lake or pond about 20
chains in h-ngth.

Followiiiff it« «lim-lmrs;.' ilironi^h a dwarany *nd rocky pountry for
n cliHtiiiiiv of iiliout *l iiiiluK, vv girriv<- ill a Uk*- iix'iMUriuv two miUit in
li'U^ilt by I mill* in wiiUli : tli<- likko N^mrtiM iir-' tf<M«>rally iuvt'l uiid wull
woodfd with liliu-k i»pru<<'.

From tilt* h'-ad of this hik>- w« tarn to th« rif^ht lor atxitit I'l chs to
taki> itM <lis< liiir!;'. TIumi u «lri'ti'li of mxiki'il river of H luilivs thruugii
ini>!tlly \vorlhl<'>'s 'oumry, brmi^H us to th«) K.ii\viisi»|''\vaii F(>rk».

Thi' foniitry h-r"- h;is n ht'tt4'r appcanincf. jfood iovel i-lay soil gtMie*
riiUy Will covi-n-tl with hlmk xpriUM' HVi'mirius? 10 imht's in rliainctor.

• " iiiii'nar oil I'or H miics 'il'slow tiirrfiit through a louiny coiiMtry
«'hi''ll> .viMnlfd Willi hliick spriu'i- wi> arrive at thf jiim tioii of th«
♦ 'hibuu'Diuoii rivtT ••omiii'.' in nn the h'Tl ; it is iihoiit ih<' saini- si/,' us
til.' oiii' we f.illowiMl down ;iiid will \>' morf liiUv <leiH' ribod liirtli'T on.

FoiluwiiiLr t'inir uiiii '(1 WMt.rs lor ; luilf witiiout rapidn wr arriv.- at

Ku>

l.ti-li Ilk" is no inisnoiiifv lor its npp'r I'lil is tor h mi'.' rhoked
with rush, s, soin- ot'lii-'n unMiiirini; 14 I'l-i'i in lt'nj,'th.

litis is ail exiiiliMit plaii- lor du''k Nliootini? ; wo shot IH bi'_' black
ducks ill <;oini: throuf^h.

(.'oiitinuini^ on th<' north sid>' of t!u> likt* for a distance of ? tuilt» we
coiiif to a ]) lint wln-n- th" II. 15. Co. oiicf had a tradiii;; post, but tluTe
is no \>'sti!»i' of it now ; tin- j>oiiit is all ••ovt-rod with boulfan from one to
two fi'i't in diann'tcr.

1 li.' distanii' from Iuti- to tii" lowi-r end of the lake is about t» miles
•stiidd.'d with baiitifnl islands and iT'-ntly risiiij; .sliores, well timbered
with spriiit", poplar ainl boul 'au.

From h'Mv down t > I.,ul>! linsh lako thf distant' is miles through
i>«-iu'ially low ami .van j y ''oniitry mo^^tly wood-'d with black spruce.

iiiitl.' IJn.-h iakf .. '■ iiiil''s in liMitrth with an avi-.-age widt!: uf A
mill'. Til • lounirv aroiinil h<'r.' is higher and well eoveretl with blaek
and w'ui.' spnici'. iionl. mi. pupjar and good sized eedar arouml the lake
shor.'s, cxeepi iiiir :i lew b .iiu !>;>i>ii.s anil h:iiv hills on ihe S. ii. .shuve

o])pll^itl■ ill'' middle tit' til'' hik''.

Continuing down the discliarj?!' oi' Little Rnsli lake for a distance ol
30 ell'*, we come to a portasje on the right passinsf a chute 10 feet in
heiglit and M) chs further down lake Oimniska coin-'s in view.

Luke Op.iiniska or (Sandy Beacli lake) is a Sne sheet of water measur-
ing 12 miles in lenijtli ;ind from 2 to 3 miles in width in its widest parts.
The country to tlie south near the head of the lake is Well timbered with
tall black spruce, bouleau and poplar. The land rises towards the lower
en<l and some bare hills tliat were visited by lire years asjo ar- seen in
the distance. Tiie country to the north is lower and better timbered with
black and wliit*^ spiuc and large cedar all around the lake shores.

On I'Mvinir Like Opamiska we mak' a portage of IJ chs to the lelt
p^issiug a strong rapid, giviiiir a total fall of :.0 feet.

\ distance nl ',* miles from this portage brings us to a shar|) bend in
the rivi r wliere there is ii very strong curre .t, and Iroui here two more
miles hrinir us to lake .\lik\v;isash

Lake >.iik\v:is:isli oilRed Sucker lake) i.s rather a pretty shi'ct of
water; iior<lercil on iis west shore witii high rockey liilis. muu • ol
tlcni risiiiir :>■<>' f'ei above the level o! the lake. The cisi shur • is gene-
rail v low or gejiily rising land wooded with black si>nice.

I'voiii lake Mikwasash. a «li>taiici' of t wo miles takes us to a portaije
4(1 (lis lu lengili on the rigiit of a rapid and c.iiuie giving a total lall o| 20

le.l.

Tiie CMunlrv iiere is mostly all a r.illingold hriil.i:.

CoiitimiitiLr down for a distance of 1 mil's, w' • com ■ to ami; 'i t i'miic
giving a fall of 8.\ i'eei whii'h is p iss 'd l)y a p )rtag • I clis in 1 'nirl h on the
right hank.

Three (|nart<'rs of a mile below t'lis chute w.' leave this river by a
portaire on th(> rigiit 2.") chs in length wiiicli tak"s us to a larger stream
coming from the north.

doing down about tin ciis wit h swill water we meet the riv er wt»
had dcsci'n<led, and from this point down to ih" forks ofthe Obatagom an
rivci- tile distan -t' is •_'« miles throuLr'.i a liH-e! sandv i>lain : the country
has been ove.ruu by lire some ;{ i year-i :iLro, and is now i-over.d wit;i a
thick growth of po|>lar, ii//iris, lir an 1 b ml -an.

r*i >'•

DISCHARGE OF LAKE CHIBOUCAMOU

"'^f^ I'rom lake (^hibouiramou a portiviji' 7 <'hs in lougth tiiki's ixs down to

lako Dorr with 2') iot-t difi't-ronce of k'v«'l.

l.:\k>' /'("•/ is a Vt'ry pictni(>s(iuc sheet of water moasurini; I'l milos in
i.Miutli '>y "'i- to two niilos in width ; it is hordoTcd to the sonth and
W'.'st )iy til y (slop.-s. In the north and east mountains creep np from '-'00
.' CfU (',•..». above the level of the lake, 'fhe lonntry all amnnd is u'ene-
rally well wooded with blaek si)ru('e. houleau and poplar averairini; one
foot in diaineli'r.

On leaving lak-- Dure a si\iU\\ of river two mils in lenj^tli brinifs
as to a rapid ;;ivinii^ a fall ol ■'■ feel and within a few chains wo arrive at
a iTooked lake a))oni t! miles in lenu'th by an avera^i' width of "20 rhs.

Till' country here is low and !ienerallv swampy, wli w. od>'d \\ ith
blai'k -pruce, ami poi)lar. on the dry ridyi's.

( loinfT down a slreti'h "f riV'-r in whicli their is a small rapid we
arriv>' at ;;.nollier lak>' two miles in l-'mrth by iOchs in width. Follow iner
its discharu'c lor :ibout ;{ miles, w'l' ifo throuiih a burnt rocky swampy
country, and reach a lake measuring about 8 mill's in circamferencc.

.As yoii will sec l)v the p|;in I here is a short cut from this lake back
to lake Don which 1 surveyed as a clieiU on the survey ofthe roundabout
water way Just (h'scribed.

(.)ii the stream which we loUowed up, there is a remarkably lav!i(^
lieaver dam; it measures l.')(l |,.ct in leniilh and from S to 10 feet in heiiith.
Otter and beaver appi'ar to b' ith'iitiful here ar.d will likely In; so I'or a
l<Mijr time to come. The ciiuiitry i.-. worthless; nothin;^ to be seen biit
hii;;]! roi'Uy ridu'cs with barren swanip> between.

lleturniiiii to the lake we left to survey this short cut, we followed
down its discharire in a Westerly direction, runninj^ three very stronjif
rapi<ls whii'h •jive a total fill of 40 feet, in a distanceof one mile; thence
till chains to the Bonth brinirs lis to a lake one mile in length by ten
chains in w idth.

The lountry all around is hav and thickly covered with black si>raee.

Continuiii'jT down by the discharsre lorn disi.nii-e ot 10 chains we
I'oiiie to another lake measuring tliree miles in lenulh with two bay^ one
to the N. E. and the oth r to the .">. W. of the lake each measurin}" i.bout

a mile and ii half in d.-pth Tlic country all around the lakes is well
woodi'd with black spruce.

On leiivin<-tliislak.'\ve.om.'t.)ii rapid, •,'iviiig a fall of 10 f.>.«t. which
cau he run with ordinary small .auors and 10 chains fitrtlier on we enter
lake Assinihaslats (or blocked by stone).

L;ik- Assuiibastats in.vj^nr.'s inile^ in Icnirtli by annverai?.' widihof20
chains ae country to the \. W. of the lake is mostly all a rollin? old
bruli, to the S. \l. it is generally low and w<'il covered with black spruce
and bouleau, excepting near its discharge where rocky burnt hills rise
4011 foet above the level of thi' lake.

Then going down for three quarters of a mile of slow current we
arrive at another lake which is also about !• miles in length with an
avcr;ige width of "20 chains.

The .•ountrv on the N'. W. side is generally rocky and raoniitaiuous,
near ilie head of the lake but lowers gently towards the foot, th.- low
l;nid beina" covered witii bnnieau and poplar from 12 to 18 inches in
diam.-t-r. The country on the S. \V sid.> i> lughand rolling and incr.'ases
in liejiiht tow-irds the di,eh;irire. I yvniiig a Ijcautiful cluiin of mountains,
some having an elevation of tJOO feet above the level of the lake.

From here to tlie forks of the Kawasagewau river, 12 miles in dis-
tance, tlie river runs throngh a generally low country tliickly covered
with black spruce.

Sl'X'TlON No 7.
OBATAGOMAN WATERS

Leavinir the canoe route on lake Obatairoman about four miles from
the narrows, we follow the western arm of the lake down to its discharge,
a distance of about .V^ miles, where there is a chute giving about tJ feet
fall; and alwut ten ehuins lurther down there is a small rapid giving a
fall of two feet, and from thence a crooked lake extends northward, about
six mii"s. and tluMi I urns sharply westward 21 miles to the )iarrows.

At this poini lob-eived the latitude to be I'.l' ;3:"'20"N.

1),\ olid ihe>e ii:iriow.> another bewildering hik' sirotcli's out with
aiiii> '.: \'\ ii(\.- '11 ve,y -ide. ;ind dott 'd witii coiiiiiless islands :w siiowu
(,11 ill ■ ;e . ^iiiipaiiving i)hiiis.

ni'loii' I'uviuj; f^»url).'c, I rci' iv('<l I'roin Mr (rauviii, Superiiiti'iicleat
of .Siirv.'V^, 11 phiu of part ol' l.'iis likr luado hy Mr C. E. Lemoiiif, 1'. L. S.,
aud I foiiiul that win'ro tint g.Mitletnau terminati'd his work, a channel
wliich he took to }>;■ the discheirg.', was only an arm of th" lake.

It really looked likf a river but ou following it eastward a couple of
miles, ! fo'iud tluit it divided again into two other arms, aud at the head
of each, streams Uowed in instead of out.

lietuniing w.' found another arm stretching northward which we
followed f I r about a mile, until we eame on the real discharge, which
turns around westward, and alter a run of about three miles ou the lattt-r
course, passing several rapids and one chute of 'J feet fall, we came to
another lake G'> feet below the level of Obatagomau, and 1,000 feet above
sea level

This lake winds crookedly westward for about live miles, varying
from •') to 'lO cliains in width, and then expands into a grand sheet of
water four mile.s in length, and one mile and a lialf in width, forming a
large /jroyyw'^/e on the east>'rly side.

From about tlie middle ot the we^i.-rly side ofthislak.-. th" di. -harge
Hows rapidly tluough rocky islands giving a fall of three feet in a dis-
tance of a couple of chains, and then a calm steady river about three
chains in width and .i t.) 10 feet in depth Hows northwestward, with a
current of abi)Ut two mil's p'v hnw lor a 'ouple of miles to the |)oint
where we terminated our survey in that direction.

At this point I found the latitude to be 49" 41" 40" N. aud longitude
74'4 '' o'l W. and el.-vation ab,)ve sea level lOo') feet.

Here ! blazed s -ve al trees on the right b.iuK and marked the date,
the latitude and my name thiri'on.

The country is rather poor looking- ar.und here ; the (^hief timb^'r is
rypris and black spruce of iiii'.Mior quality ; part of this rc^^ion has been
lately overrun by lire.

There is .some good spru.' • ou the i>land aud lake shores below Oba-
tagomau.

The rock formation is ihielly gneiss aud granites but some of the
islands an? i)artly i'om[>(»sed "f magii'tie iron, particularly around where
Mr Lnnoine terminated his work ; the variation rang<!s fiom to 60" W.
S

SECTION No 8.

PART OF GRAND LAKK MlSTASSINI

We surveyed the weist shore of Cabistachouan bay from the last
mentioned portage, a distance of about seven miles, to where another
portage of quarter of a mile thra^'h low swampy ground takes us into
Abatagush bay, a couple of miles beyond tlie II. 15. Co's. post, and having
surveyed the bay around to connect at the pofst with my former work,
we continued over throrgh the loi g portag.' to Pouachuan IJay and
thence up said bay aboui six miles to where another porta>re of about
hall a mile takes us back again into Abatagush bay about s miles north
of thi' II. B. Co's post as shown on the plan, section No 8.

The country here is level or g.'utly rolling and fairly well timbered
with black and grey spruce, bouleau. poplar, larch, etc.

Returning to the post we xrveyed up the west shore of the long
mainland point that separates Abatagush bay from the main body of the
lake as far as the Big Narrows, a distance of about 15 miles, and thence
followed the east shore a distance of twenty miles, to where a chain of
small lakes and portages taKes us into Mistassinis or Little Mistassini
lake.

There is a general samencas in the country all along here .-—easy
slopes covered mostly with spruce, bouleau and poplar, and a soil well
worthy of cultivation if the climcue were suitablt .

The dist^^ace from the big lake into Mistassinis or Little Mistassini
by t ':!)., chain of lakes and portages, is five miles.

The land is very poor in this direction on nearing Littl.' Mista.ssini,
and the unworn rocks and crags that cover the surfac except in the
marshy holes and ponds, are of a iliiity nature and the timb.-r appears
small and stunted; and still in th ■ midst of this poverty-stri.kiMi n^gion
I was surprised to see several large Mid b.'autiful Scotch thistles, bloominir
most fragrantly, a fit .'mblem of ihe hardy race, that can generally thrive
well on any soil or in any climate.

SECTION No 0.
Lake Mistassinis or Little Mistassini is no small sheet of vvacei.

We followed it for 44 miles, from the last mentioned portage to its
most northern bay.

.1»

Near the middle it narrows to less than a quarter of a mile, and then
widens out in the direction of its dischargo by the Temiscaraie river into
ihe big lake, whore it attains a width of nearly six miles.

The land on th • west side is gonerary low r.nd level and fairly well
timbered with black and grey spruce.

The land on the east side rises gradually from the lake shore to an
elevation of 300 feet or .0, except near the upper end looking eastward,
whore the blue heads of mountains some tiMi or fifteen miles distant rise
over a thousanu feet above the level of the lake.

Some of the islands in this lak« look like broken walls of cut stone ;
the layers are of equal thicKness, lie nearly horizontal and are squarely
broken in sections of nearly equal length.

Quartz reins containing beautiful crystals are seen at many points
along the shore. I took several specimens, hoping to find some showing
of gold, but failed to fii d any indication of the precious metal.

Some good looking slopes of land aie seen here and there but, as
before stated, climatic conditions may debar the hope of cultivating any
part of this region.

All kinds offish found in inland Labrador peninsula waters are fotind
in abundance in this lake, with the exception of the ouananiche and
sturgeon.

Grey trout from five to fifty pounds weight are here in inexhaustible
quantities : speckled trout, 'ore, &c., are taken in quantities also.

Deer of every kind are scarce or I might say wanting in this region

One would naturally thinK that iua coun'ry like this where the clioices
food for the moose and oaribon is found in abundance, mossy barrens
and rooky escarpments eovered with lioheus, &c. &o.. and with c-oarcely a
soul to every liundred square miles to disturb them, those animals should
be found in herds, and still I did not see a single one, nor hardly any
traces of their existence.

Mink, otter, lynx, marten an I different other fur-bearing animals are
plentiful here, and diflFeront kinds of duck and other waterfowl are also
numerous.

The mean of different tests of the temperature of the water in this
lake on the 16th September w.is 55" Fah. taken at depths of from 1 to

S'5

SO fi'.'t. Till' wntci is (liuk iiivt'iii^li in <-f)l«r ami clfMi-.T tli;>!i Mini dl l.ikf
St Jollll

L aviiiL;' till' must northeru buy ul' ihis hike a short poKagi- <<! ii liitK'
loss than a (jaarttT of a mile taki's xxn over the dividiim' riili^i" to a smal)
lake 15 chains across, and elfvatcil 15 ti'ct al)ov<> Mistassinis.

This little lake discharges by its northi-rn cud into anothfr small
lake about J of a mile in length and 5 to 15 chains in width, lying nearly
east and \ve*«t, and discharging at its eastern extremity where there is a
short portage on the left bank, and then a sluggisli little stream l)arely
floats tlie canoes into lake Clair.

Lake Clair is exactly on the same level as Mistassinis 12')0 I'eet ai>(>ve
sea level. It is a very pieturesrjue lake abi)Ut 3^ miles in length ain! one
mile and three quarters in width.

BASALT COLUMNS

Its south western shore resemblfi at a distanci- th<' ruins of some dis-
mantled fortress. Ou closer obs.Tvatioii I found that a L'r>'at part of theshore
line was composed of immense columns of bas!ilt. standing out as bold
and regular as if they were a work of art.

In some places tln'v were hexagonal and in others quadrangular and
going westward from tiiere thi' laki' shore is eonii>ns'd of vi'rv fiiii'lv and
smoothly stratified slaty stone whirli the Indian us. ■ for wli.'tstones. 1
brought home some specimens and tliey make fxi'i'lh-nt razor liom-s.

li ever railway communication could b.' had to tliis loca'ity these
quarri''s would be valuable.

U.'Sfi'nding the discharare of this lake, a crooki'<l str.-am some tw.'Uty
feet in width, winds through low swampy •rrouMil for a distance of fifty
chain>^ to anoth.-r lake about 2} miles in l.'ugth and } ol a mile in width.

Tiie country around lier.' is lev 'I or <r'iitly rolling and is timbi'rcd
mostly with black spruce, cy|>reKsaiid larch.

I'ollowing down the disihargc uf t'lis lake about six miles iua nortli
easterly direction, througli a rather poor lookin<r valley, Wf come to a
small hiki' or expansi', where anothiT river comes in from the e^st, and
theiKc their united waters wind northward 21 miles to join the Sikawako
Sibee or Porcupine River, at an elevation of 1230 feet above sea level.

A short diNtancu above the forks, Porcupine moantain ri'ars its head
about 900 feel above the level ol" the river bed on the west side as shown
on the plan.

The country here has a very poor and de.>olate aspect, as far as I could
see on either sid*- ; the soil is poor, cold grey sand, and the only timber
small black spruce and cypris.

The Porcnpin- river here is about throe chaiu'^ in width and 6 to 20
feet in depth vvith a current of about I'i miles per hour.

On following it down about six miles in a westerly direction, in
which distance we pass through three small rapids, another fair sized
river comes in from the north.

Below tliis the united waters liow placidly, with the exception of
two rapids, which we ran with half loaded canoes, into the extreme
north east end of (Iraud Lake Mistassiui, u distance of six miles.

On this latter stretch, some fair sized blaik lud grey spruce ari> seen,
par icularly on the south side.

SECTION No 10.

URAND LAKK MISTASSINI

From till' mouth of the Porcupine River, w-" followed southwest-
wardly along the tongue that separates the upper part of the lake into
two bays for a distanof of twenty on' miles, as shown on plan No 10.

About six miles Irom our startins point on this stretch we pass the
mouth of ih'' Poponapinan Sibes- or Silting River, on the right, a fair
sized river having an average width of -\ ciiaius.

The country along here is very level, rising with an easy slopt from
the lake shore.

About six miles further on, or 12 miles from our starting point, the
lake shore is composed of pure hard blue limestone in thin layers, and
both the main shore and the islands are well timbered with large black
and grey spiuce.

On looking bick from a mile or two bej'ond here, high ranges of
mountains are seen tro:n N. oO' to N. t>i) E. about 20 miles otf.

rortupiiu' mountain must be thi' bi'giuniug of this rang*-, anil it is
neeJlfss to say that unless miiieral.s of ucouomio value may Ik- I'ouud
there, there is uothiiiij else worth lookinsf for in that region ami it will
always remain the home of the otter, the beaver, the bear an porcupine,
for the few scattered luJiaus that roaiii over this wild waste are not sutfl-
cieutly numerous to disturb tlieir peaceful abode or diminish their
number.

Continuing south-westward some bix miles or 21 miles from ouf
Btartiu'.' point, we come to the end of the tongue as above meutioued.

Here we were delayed by contrary winds ; it blew a pretty strong
gale from the south west, and on att>.-mi)ting to cross over to the main
westi-rn shore one of our canoes swamped, and we were obliged to
return and camp on the point for the night.

The swell tliut rolls up here in a strong south west rale is too much
for any ordinary sized canoe.

I improved the tim ■ here, hnv.'Ver, by taking' rep -at 'd astronomical
obaerv.iiiuns, th ■ lujau of winch i,'ive th ■ latitude 51' It' 40"' N. and
longitude 7b" •;' 4V' \V.

We crossed over from the point to the nearest land on the west shore,
a distance of live miles, and thence followed the said west shore for a
distance of fifty miles, passing- on tliis stretch, the discharge of th.- lake
or head of the Kui)ert river, and the i»ortage to the same whijh takes iu
about nine miles further down.

In this neighborhood the lake is so crow J. -d with islands that oue
rarely gets a glimpse of its main body or of the opposite shore.

Our courses and distances were checked by several astronomical
observations as shown on the plan.

Then' is nothing very remarkable iu the country along here. I went
on shore in a 1 -w i)laces, and penetrated the country more or less inland.

The soil is fairly good loam, level or gently rolling, aud covered with
moss from one to two feet deep.

Thi- wiiole country along here seems well timbered with fair sized
black and grey spruce, excepting some burnt patches which are growa
up with poplar and bouleau.

3f-

Abcut twonty miles sonth of the Rupert portaije w crosa.'J over to
a lonif ishiiiJ, which lies outside of ami dosj to the point or tongue of
laud that sep. rati-s Ponacliuau bay Iroin Abatuj^ush bay as sh >wii oa
plan; and thtMue southward along the ".vestern side of said tongue, or
peninsula, until \v los -d on our former work at the end of the long
portage

In following down the latter stretch, a splendid view is had of the
opposite side, or country west of the lake, which s.'oms to rise in gentle
swells far inland, alternately covered with conifi'rous and deciduoas trees
of varyini]f color, f^rininL' a most delii^htful landscap ■, which we fully
enjoyed on a calm clear Si'pteinb-r day, particularly after braving a storm
of hail, snow and rain the day before.

Looking south, however, the aspect is not so eucourairing; for like at
the north en I m >nutain ra!i'».'s aj*;) -ar to ris • one abjve another, and
brok 11 spurs show up h-re and there over a space of nearly ninety
degre 's or from south nearly to west ; but fioni west to north the country
is level or gently rolling as above stated.

The temp -rature of the water in the lak''hereonthe 24th ofSi'ptembor
was 45" 00' and that of the atmosphere :>0' Fahreuiieit.

There are splendid quarries on some of the islands and points along
this shore and in soim? places, b.)ld blulfs ris ? from the water's edge 50 to
100 feet p 'rp^Midicular, composed ciiielly of cherty limestone, evenly
stratified from one to two feet in thickness.

Along this shore and down among the islands, about three miles
north of the end of the long portage, is considered the best fishing ground
on the lake.

Here the Hudson Bay Company's men salt some 300 barrels every
year ; and such solid fisli are the grey trout here that only one pound of
salt is required to keep 47 lbs of fish in good condition for the whole
year.

In the waters of the St Lawrence slope the tuuiuli or large grey
trout are generally soft and llabby, as compared with the speckb^d trout,
but in the Mista-ssini waters the large grey trout are considered far
superior to the bru ik trout. Oar grey trout have whitish IIl'sIi, while
their is a solid reddish flesh, much resembling the sea trout in color and
flavor

The lake is aituiilly swarininur with lish i)i'<lillfr«'iit kiiidN : jjrr«y luul
»p»'ikK'(! trout, dore, pik", wlu;cli«h /«//■ exirllfticf ami « knid of lii»h th«7
c;ili the Mnriii which as tloscly ri'si'!nl)lt'.» the rod lish as the ouaiiuiiicho
does thf sulir-oii.

More dcailsri'jrardinir this r.-gii.n inuy bt'jfivfu as noon aKsertioiiN Xos
1" and 1 1 an- f(»mplftod ; but in tlic in<-antim» owinir to the cxajrtr'rati'd
accounts tliat have b vu '.'oini,' thf rounds oflhf press inCanadu and lh«
Uuii-d Statfs and even in Kranot- r.'irardiiiif this ai)pnri'ntly juystirious
lakf, it may be Wi'li to say h.Tf tliat the extn-nic h-nirth of tlio porlion
survived by me, that is, from the w.'stern end (.lih.' IV.nachotiui or long
portape to the m<.uth oftlit' l'oreui)in.- river at tlie head or nortli-eastern
extremity of the lake, measured in a straiirlit iin.', i.s S.' niile> ; and tiie
distance from said portaije continued in nearly the same strai^^ht line to
the south western extremity of the lake. ai meMs)ired by MrC i:. Lemoine
P. L. S.and .heoked by Mr Irus. I.'infret <liau-,'hlsmaii of the department
and myself is 1« miles, which ijives a total lenu'ili of 100 miles in a
direei Hue from one .'xtremity to the other. The distance fn.in tiie
80Ut!i,ri, .xiiemity of Abatnirusli bay t.. the sai 1 \v. stern end of the
ron;.e!.,.u;n. portasre is 1.1 miles ,.s surveyed by us. Mr L..,„oin-' shows
river which he sny.s may aver,i<rea .-hiin in width c.iininir intr. th • south
-.estern extremity of i!,e lak-', and froni wh'it 1 liave seen of Mr L .luoine's
work i:,ken in conneeti,,n Willi our surv-v, I may safely vay that the
lenuihof (Irai.d Lake Mi.stassjni cannot be !■ ss than one hundred nor
more than 101 miles

lis u-idtl, in the bi-oal.st part, tli;,t is, rp„a ih- Iv'upen river p,.fta..,'e
to i.f .Miih east eni .shore a little ab .ve I :, ■ j, jrla,- to Little L.k ■ Mistas-
siiiioM acours.. at ri-ht aii-lestoii). M,.i,.r.il trei„l of the lake, js MJ
mil's, but the avera-e width ol the unit, l.odv of i he lake is iml over
tw.'lve miles a,s !|iven by Mr Low,

1 (ind MrLow-sd-scriptionofihehtk.. an 1 euvir.ns true and correct

in every respect. He di.l not survey the whole lake ; h- only con-inued

the work that had been commenced by Messrs Richardson and McOuat

and the somhern extremity of the lake was never surveved by any one
exceptinir Mr Lemoine. '

Althongh the lake falls far short of the dimensions a.scribed to it

by the hunters whom Mr IJi.n.ell ..let on his wav there, and in

whom he appears to have hud a little too much coniid.n.V b.lh as re-r.^ds

heir walking capacity and their ideas of geography, it i. still a verv'large

HuHt is not only r.'grtrJiiifir the si/' '•; tho lukf tliut we liav<' had
miHlt>&(liui; rt'portN ; tin* iliinatf tiiul cupabilitii-Hdrtln' Louiitry huve bof n
tlie Nubjcct ol jn(ir»' mtIoum tni!«rt'pri>.st>iitati(iti, as you will hl'« by the
followiiii? i-xtraot irom u r.'j»ort ol'u (■.•l.'bmti'd Fn-n. hiiiau named Aiidri
M.. Iiuud, wiiich apiiL>ar<-d in the bulletin ol the Auiericun (>e(>i;raphioal
Society in 18SS.

" In the neijyhborhood of llndHon Uay and the j^reut Luke °. '.itituttitini
" the trt-es whii.h some di-jyrees furtlii-r south form the mihhs of the forest
" hiiVf almost eniir.-ly disappeared in tliis latitude in eonseqnemv of the
" severity of the winters an.l liie -teriliiy ol the soil.

" Tin coontry is cut up I.y thousands of lakes and covered with
*' enormoiis roeks [liled one on the to|) of the otiier, which are often car-
" p'ted with large lichens of .1 blaek eolor, and whieliinoreasetlie sombre
" aspeet of these desert uud almost uiiinhabitahle reu-ions.

It i> in ihe spaces bet .veea the roiks lliat one linds a fw pines
'* (pinus ruperlis) whieli attain an altitude of lliree f' -t, and even at this
■small liei-jht sliow si>rns of deoav.

"However 1;V1 miles further smith this tree ai quires a better and
"stron<,'er jriowth, hut it never rises higher thanei-iht or ten f-et."

Mr. Miehaud (claims to h:ive v:one up to Mistassiiii rii Lake St. John
and dest-.'iided the Rupert river to within a short dista.ic' of .1 unes Uay
and r.turned by the same route. In the intere>t of the pn ice it is
time that such reports should cease.

I do not under-taud how any man could have made such a report
Certainly there are lots of spruce trees around lake Mislassini that
measure between one and two f.-et in diameter, and Mr Miller assured
me that he cut one tiiat measured lii feet in diameter on the &tump. Spruce
trees from one to two feet in diameter are found at intervals all the way
froiu lak • Mistassi li to James Bay.

In the environs of lik • Mistassini th' soil is good, but the season is
so short and subject to early frost that I do not think farming would
ev r succe.'d th.Te. Mr Miller raises good potatoes and cabbasres, etc. but
like most II IJ. C .'-i m mi his fjrt.' is not iu the agricultural liuj.

SECTION No 11.

.S'l tioii No II ciiiliraii's th*? i aii.> • r (iiii- lr<»iu tiruud Liik"' Mistii»>iiii
vin iln' liiiiiiTt ami Mnrtcii rivers u> tin- wvstorii «'!itl nl' l:ik • Ni-minkow
coiun'ctiiiif tluT' witli sfciioii No :1 oil tin- iimtc Iroiu Wu^wanipy to

UupiTt I[i>U.so.

•Stiirtini; Iroiii th<- i>iirtiii^<' whicli rrosHCM Iroiii (iraiul Lak<' Mistassiiii
to itN ilisclitirgi' (tho KupiTt rivii) w>' lollinv its waliTs ui-atly tluf south-
Wi>t tor about iwciity-livi' uiili> in a ilir<( t liiii- and ovor «•'» milos by
tlif livtT wliioh Hpri'utU and turii> in ••vry <liv.( tion.

Tiii'uot' it turns ufurly uouili-wst, and \vt« i'i)lli>w lli«- main rivfr in
that dir.'itioii lor about nix iniU'i to laki- Miskitt'iiuu, svli<r ■ \v>' Itavo
tlu' main rivor and I'ollow a iliain ol' iaki-s Icadinir nito tb«' v tUcy of tho
Marti-n rivt-r. Thou wo lollow th«' latt<r rivor for a distanif of about ou8
hundri'd miles in a u^-Micral w.-siiily dir.'olion to wluro W" meet th*
Hupirt river again thus avoidiui,' s,'\ 'lal rapids, .hul's and portagi-s on
tho main rivi-r. About nine mil>'> Ijdow or west ot ihn toulluoiieo of the
Mart-n and Kupt rl rivori wo uoui'' to t!i ' oastorn ond of lake \on»i.<koW
and thenee throuifh said lak ■ ab.mt l'^ miles m>ro on the sime westerly
course tiirouifli said lake N ■mi>k<)\v to wliere we coinie.t with our
surviy from Waswanipy al)ove desnilu'd

As stated in my report of the ilth iJi. ember 1898, the work horo was
done by one of my assistants, whil>' I was oeeu; d on the oilier seetious
above mentioned ; und as all the details availabli? are olearly shown on
the plan it is needless to lengthen this report l)y repeating thoin : sulHce
to say that tho greater part of this extensive section appears tu be well
covered with groy and blaek spruce. A good eountrv for pulp-wood,
fish and fur-bearing animals.

S1:CTIUN No 12,

The most northern Hudson IJay Company's post on the St Maurice
waters, called Ivikindatch, is situated on a point jutting out in tho lake of
the same name, 1200 feet abovosea level, and is the rendezvous of all the
Indians inhabiting the country bjrderingon the height of land from Lake
Mistassini souih-westward to ih • tKtaw.i and Mekiscan waters.

Starting from this point, about a mile in a north-westerly direction
brings us to the head of the lake, and then wo ascend a sluggish stream
from 3 to 4 chains in width lor a mile and a half to the site of the old H.
D. Co's post and cemotery.

Above this point, "h J river widens out in channels and lagoons,
covering a valley nearly a mile in width and two and a half miles

in U-ngth, afn-r which th.-ro i» a level »tr»tch aJ>out eight iniii'* in *
north- wi-st.-rly <lir.'ctii.ii h.foiv n uohin-,' lakt" Cuntidt'Wttsti'n.ti nioe sh'vt
ol" wut.T ni.iisuriiii; ipu mil. s in li-njjih l.y two and a hull miles in width
in thf wid'-Kt purt ; neur itsdistharg,'. the river Caslur .Voir, a i-onsiderable
81 1 »tr<'iun, lonu's in from the north.

'ihf country around is ar-nemlly rollinsf sandy s-oil and fairly well
timb.r.'d with mid<lliiig siz.-d black and grey si)ru' •■, poplar and bouleaa.

Thr.-e small rapids and a stretch of lake-like river. 2^ miles in length
s 'parates iak- t'antidf waUen IVoiu lake Ivapinnitokimac 121J feet aboTe
sea level.

We only .surveyed the north end of this lake. There is a samenew
of country all along h.re : rolling saudy laud, mixed middle-sized timber,
mostly spruo' and < ypress

We follow this laki ibout four miles on the canoe route, and after
ast'.-udingsomi' siuall rapids I hat givf an elevation of 8 feet, we come to
lak" .Vsaw.'vv isenain or .Sandy lieuch lake, li-^O feet above sea level.

This is thi- largest sheet of water on the whole St Maurice route,
m-asiiniig sixteen miles in length, hv Irom half a mile to two miles in
width.

It lies in a nearly uort' and south direction, and from the southern
end the canoe r.-ute to the old Mekisoan post leads otF westward.

Near its north<rn end tiie main river comes in from the west, which
we ascended for about three miles, as shown on the plan. Returning t<y
the lake, we ascended to its extreme northern end, where a portage of
about thirty chains takes us to lake Memicasisioui 1245 feet above sea
level.

This is an irregularly shaped lake, measuring about six miles in
length, with winding bays from one to two miles in width; and from
its northern 'iid a stretch of nine miles through portages, crooked streams
and small lakes and ponds, we come to Clear Water lake, the last lake
on this branch of the St Maurice waters.

Clear Water lake is about .ji miles in length, narrow at either end,
and spreading out to over two miles in width in the middle.

The surrounding country is poor, worthless, sandy, gravelly soil,
covered »vith scrubby spruce and cypress.

From its north-oastem end a porta?*' of 55 »;!iai»8 in an easterly
direction takes us over the height of land to a small lake of the Nottavvay
waters.

The summit of this portage is 1375 feet above sea level, that is, 175
feet above the lowest summit between tlie C'lamouchonan and Nottaway
waters in the vicinity of Luke Ascatscie.

After crossing th.' small lake of th- Nottaway waters above mentioned
the portage route takes us back au'aiii over th ? height of land on to lake
St John waters.

This is rather an interesting country to the geologist.

The portage is about a mile in l.-ngtli and • '>out midway it skirts a
small pond on tiie right, which lias no outlcMand follows a ridge of well-
worn rounded bou ders an 1 gravel that appears like an abandoned railway
dum;) several chains in l-iigth.

The summit is only \y>l l-"t abov.- sea l<'vel, and thence we rapidly
descend to lake Xonnaulin, the tirst lake on the Chamouchouau chain
of Saguen ly waters, 1l']"> feet above sea level.

Tliis lake is six mil's long, and ai tlie upper end spreads out in bays
and marsh's and is a g'li.'r.vl in ik -u.> of islands, noik-* and bights; in
the middle, it narrows into a f'W 'iiiiisiii wi<llh for over hiU'amile and
tlien widens out to nearly a mile in width.

About half a mile north of th.' discharge a good portage, about a
quarter of a mile in length, leads due east across a long point to avoid
rapids tliat give a fall of ten icet.

B'1)W this ponag- th'! riv.^r widens out again, and for threo miles it
averages from J to } of a mile in width, and from there an easy current
for another tiiree miles takes us uort!iward to the Foam Falls Chute.

These are picturesque falls. They start in jumps and cascades and
then ill one decided p erpeiidicular leap of 211 feet fall into the lak ' b.dow
giving a total differeu<'e of level of '2>t feet.

Tiiey are passed l)y a Well b?aten portage on the riLflit about four
chains in length.

Although the drainage area is <omparatively small, owing to 'he fre-
quent rains and fogs or mists hovering her.', the water at ordinary summer

^l^k

Invt'l ff;iv« with current iin't.r ami upproximut.- m,':isnr.'m(.nt()ls cliouol
river between six and sfvcn himdr.d hor^,' power with obtiiinal)Ii' 4<' fW>t
h.ad.

15elow thf Foam Falisjako Kapt-akivducton open.s out in a bountiful
broad .shoet six raihvs in leni^nh and over two iniK-s in width in the widest
part.

The country on either side is generally rolling, sandy land, timbered
mostly with black sj-ruce, tamarac and cypress.

From this hike down to lake .\s.atseie, a distance of five miles, the
river flows witl; a slow, steady liardly perceptible (rurrent, except in the
last turn to the riglit where there is a slight rapid, giving a fall of about
two feet.

Lake Ascatscie, described in a former report, is one of the largest, if not
the largest lake on the C'ham.)iuhout,n chain of waters. It discharges
by its northern end nearly opposite tlie entrance of the Foam Falls river
and continues in a northward course until it meets the discharge of lakes
Nem igoss and Xemengis, where their united waters turn eastward and
flow calmly into lake Nikaubau.

Lak.' Ascatscie is 1189 feet above sea level, but, notwithstanding this
elevation, the country around is closely timb,Mvd with fair-sized spruce.

SliCTlOX No 13.

This is the continuation of seition No 7 and comprises from the
discharge of lake rre.squ'ile down to where the united discharges of
lakes Obat-igoman and Chebougamou meet the unnam-d branch of the
Noltaway explored by us in 18!t7. shown by .section No L'of these surveys.

This river, the discharge of lake Obatagoman, after leaving lake
Presqu'ile, Hows due west a distance of lifteen miles in a direc" line,
but nearly thirty miles, by following the sinuosities of the stream.

The greater part of the land along its course seems low and swampy
and timbered only with small black spruce, with some n/,>r,s on the drier
knolls.

At the end of the latter distanc -, it meets another river of nearly
ecinal si/e coming from the south aud from there the course is due north
for six miles.

Along the latter stretch, there is an immensity of oxci'llent taraarac
for railway ties, etc , but it has been all killed by the saw liy. If it could
be utilized at once the ti nber is still good, but being so inaccessible, it is
likely to waste and rot there.

Five fair sized streams join the river in the latter stretch and at its
end a river a chain wide and three feet dee'), with sluggish current, comes
in from the east.

From there the course turns again westward for aboui twi'lve miles,
to where it touches the north side of a lake about three miles in length
and half a mile in width, and iowr miles further down, it touches the
north side of another lake of rounded form about a mile and a half in
diameter.

The expression that a river touches a lake may seem odd, but it
cannot be described otherwise, for in both cases the river flows into the
lakes and immediately the discharge flows cut again, as shown on the
plan.

Before reaching these lakes, we pass through several rnpids that give
a total fall of 60 feet.

The same level, poor, sandy, swampy land, covered with small spruce,
cypre%, poplar and bonleau, borders the river on either side all along

After passing through the lakes above mentioned the river put« on
a more majestic appearance and then rapidly falls off westw.ird again for
about six miles, to where it meets the discharge of lake Chibougamou.
The total fall in this stretch is -30 feet.

The Chibougamou river is by far the largest stream of the two ; it
falls in rapidly from the north, but their united waters now flow on,
keeping the same westward course with many rough rapids, all of which
we ran until we came \o the portage on thi' right ; the first and only
portage we made on this river since wi' left lake Presqu'll<'.

The distance from the last mentioned forks to this portage is 1 ) miles
and the total fall 5*? feet.

The soil and timber seem to improve as we descend, but on the
lower part of this stretch the country has been overrun by fire some
years ago and is now covered with a dense growth of spruce, bouleau
and cypres.

^".'"aci

Properly speaking, the portage here is over half a mile in leneth and
overcomes a fall of 54 feet ; but we ran most of the rupids and only
por!aged the canoes some five or six chains.

A splendid water power of over sixty feet head mav be had here and
an approximate measurement of the flow of water, then at a very low
stage, gave over ten thousand horse power.

From the foot of this portage, the river continues on the same courses
nearly due west, until it meets the other brai.ch, where we closed on out
work of 1897, about twelve miles further down.

On this latter stretch, both soil and timber considerably improve •
fine flats of rich clay soil are seen on either side, covered with larire
poplar, spruce and boulean. °

The average fnll in the river here is about f jur feet to the mile the
foot of the portage being 74G feet above sea level. '

The general rock formation all along here is gneiss and granite
witliout indications of any mineral, except iron.

The rem lining portion of these waters has been described in section
No 2, but It may be well to remark before closing with the section that
It 18 one of the easiest, if not the easiest canoe route between Lake St
John and Jam , Bay.

Only three short portages on the whole route from lake Obata-oman
to Waswampy, a distance of nearly two hundred miles by water."

SKCTIOX Xo 14.

The plan accompanying my report of .■xploratiou in 18!)4 shows the
discharge of lak- Wetetnagami as if flowing into lake PakKamika ac-
cording to the information given me by the Waswanipv guides l' bad
^vIth meon that expedition ; but in 1S!»7, on my exploration from Lake
bt John through that country, I <lisoovered that the waters of Wetetna-
gami, instead of discharging westward, followed a north-.-asterly course
and, after pas.sing through a prettv large lake, finally emptied into Lichen

1 wa.s anxious to make this connection, and last year the opportunitv
offered, when I sent one of my assi.tant.s in charge of supplies to Was-
wanipy via the old Mekiscan post ; I had him to do this work and the
accompanying plan No 14 is the result of his operations

Oa the lii-t iiailOr tli.' (list;ino<' IVoin Wi'ti-tiiagMiui lake dowiiwiirds
tho foniitry i-^ vitl.'ily worthless.

Nothiim- hut J)uriit hills and .rairs can be secii o' oithcr side ; imt,
on the IdwiT half there is a deeid 'd iinprovenient : s,'ood clay Hats, w.-U
tiuiher'd with WLek and s,'rey sprue.-, tauuirae, houleau, poplar, \'e.,
btreteh away IVoiii the river as far as the eye can reaeh on eithiT side.

Lake Nieobi, a fine sheet (li water, nine or ten miles ii-. length and
Wideninif out to about three miles in width in the middle, is passed
throush on this route. Only an approximati' sketch of this lake is given ;
it may extend much further eastward than shown ou the plan.

The eauoe route passes on the left ol lar^'o islands that intercept the
view of the opposite shore.

li 'low these islands the lake narrows in to only a few chains in widths
but before reaching; the discharge it expands ai^ain and appears to extend
far towards the north-i'ast.

l"ollowi:ig the discharge of lake Nieobi down four miles, wo come
to Lichen lake, a long narrow sheet of Water lying at right angles to our
cour.se or ni'arly east and west.

This lake i> .tescrib d in my report of s 'clion No i' of 18!t7.

The rock I'ormation around lake Wetetiiagami is mostly gneiss of a
pinkisli red <olor ; immense bloi-ks of granite are also s<'en rising high
abi>ve the uen-ral level, but around lake Nieobi and between tliere and
Lichen lake outcroppings of lluronian rocks are now and again met with.

>i:('TI()N No 15.

While waiting Sr supplies from U'.ii)ert House last y.-ar, b-fore lol-
lowin'.' down the m liii Noilaway river, I surveyed lak 's Wasw.inipy and
rakeianiika.

The.>,c lakes W'Tc partly sketched in on my ivaci surv.y of ;S!»4, l)nt
their form and extent was so vaiiuely u'iven l)y the uuid'> 1 ilieiihad
that when the opportunity oll'er.'d I seiz.d ii at once to put all doubt out
of the question r>".iar<liiig the same.

Begiuninu: at the llnd>uii liav Comi'aiiy's jh>st, .Nifuai.-d „ii an i.sland
at the uortheni extremity of tlie lake, lat 4!i" 3',t' .".5" ,N., Ion. 7ti';;4' \V.,
we followed the western or right linnd shor ■ .iroiind until we "'ame to the

pcrtasi- which 'rossos the isthmus which joins the large central pres-
qu'ilo to the main shon, aud measurinsr across said portage, we coa-
tiuued our survey lo the extreme north eastern eud oi the lake.

Here a river, about a chain and a hall' in width, comes in from the east,
■which I called Isroff river, lor a hunter named Isroff, an old servant of
the Hudson Bay (.' ,mpany. has built a house and shed and made a clear-
ing of a couple of acres of land close by its mouth.

Some fine timber, chiefly grey spruc", is seen all along here ; I saw
some that measured over seven feet in circumference at four feet from the
ground.

Following back along the southern shore of the lake, the land is rough
and poor for the first four miles, and looking up the valley south-east-
ward, the country is not very inviting, but on approaching the Metabot-
chouau portage, there i-, a decided change.

No better land can be found iu any part of the Dominion than that
on either side of said portage, and I may sav that the whol.' area between
lake Waswanipy and lake Paketamika is equally good.

A riuh blueish grey, clay soil, covered with fro.u six inches to afoot of
yellow loam or vegetable mould, was seen on every side.

The timber here is large and of exceedingly tall growth ; spruce trees
measuring about two feet in diameter generaflv run from To to 80 feet in
height.

The portage is a little over a mile aud a quarter in length aud over-
comes rapids and cas. ades that give a total fall of a J feet.

Here, an excellent water power can b- had, for the banks on either
side of the stream are high aud a dam placed anvwher • below the head
of the portage .-ould easily Hood the waters back to above the level of
laki- Patekamika and thus have that gr-at bodv of water as a reservoir
to draw from.

^The elevation of lake Waswanipy is OSO feet above sea level and that
of Paketamika 744 ; a head of 70 feet may b- had here, whicli, with the
minimum How of water of about 200 feet p-r second, would give over
l.oOO horse power.

Lake Patekamika is a fine sheet of water, measuring seventeen miles
lu length by about four miles in wid'.h in the widest part.
4

It lies uoarly north-east and south-west, and noaring its north
eastern end there are numerous large islands

Near Mount Wabiuomi an arm of the lake stretches south westward

about four miles.

There are some excellent Hats and gentle swells, well timbered with
large spruce, fir, bouleau, tamarae, poplar, &c , all around this lake.

Returning Irom here, we scaled the eastern shore of lake Waswanipy
right around to our starting point at the Hudson Bay Company's post.

At its most ea.stern extremity, a small river comes in from the east
and from there a trail leads right through to Liehen lake.

The fish of lake Waswanipy are the mainstay of the Indians and
Hudson Bay Company's men of that locality. The white fish are exeeed
ingly large and of most delicious llavor. but the Indians prefer the sturi^eou
to any other fish, and here they get them in plenty, also large trout, pike,
pickerel, i*tc.

Moose and caribou are scarcer than one would expeit in such a r.'gion
so little hunted and there are no small red deer in that direction ; but, for
fur-bfaring animals, "Waswanipy is considered one of the best posts that
the Hudson Bay Company have on the northern slope.

SECTION No 16.

(Report of tlie River Nottaway from tlie discliarge of (lull Lake to its
motttli at tide- water on James Bay.)

Starting from Uull lake, 000 feet above sea level, thi- discliarge draws
olf north-westward and swe-ps around to w-st in a strong rougli rapid-
ha fa mile in length, giving a fall of six feet, and tU '11 runs in a north-
erly direction one mile and a half amid r.ipids and expans-s; then turns
north-east where it falls olf in a racy rapids nearly a mile in lengtli, giving
a total tall of ^0 leet since we left Gull lake, distance 3J miles.

Tiie country on eitlier side is level or gently sloping clay land tim-
bered mostly with grey and black spruce, bouleau and poplar.

The river now broadens out and sweeps around westward varying
from 1 to i a mile in width lor u distance of six miles, when it opens
into a bay of a pretty large lake.

H. B. CO. POST, LAKE MISTASSINI.

WINTER PACKET FROM RUPERT HOUSE TO MOOSE FACTORY.

ilMi

Tliis lake measuros over sixtfen miles from t-ast to west, and its main
body in about lour tniU's wide iu the broadest part.

Xear its westerly cud, apart from the bay by which we enter the lake,
there are three other bays extending eastward or east by south.

The first measures a mile in depth, the second t'lree miles, aud the
last or most southerly measures five mil.-s iu depth; aud from the south-
eastern extremity of the latter bay, measurinsy uorth westward to the
discharge, the distance is nine miles nearly at right angles to the general
lie of the lake.

The country around here is level or gently rolling clay land and
fairly well timb-red witli mixed spruce, poplar and bouleau, but south
of the lake, hills, from two to three hundred feet in elevation, are seen not
far off.

At the discharge of this laki-, an excellent water power can be had :
th.-re is a full of 15 feet and by dammiug the river at its head a full of
probably thirty feet can bi- had, whieh with a How of 1,500,000 cubic feet
per minute,— the m-an of thr-e dilf-r-ut approxiraite measurements -
would give aliont fi5.00') available hjrsepow-r.

IJelow this chute the river runs north-we.t for a mile and a half and
th'n turns north-east for abjut the sam; distance when it suddenly
turns south W'.t ward, and e.nuiuu -s for over a mile and a half ou the
latter eourse until it turn* agvin northwvrd, opjuJug i uto an arm of
lake Mitagami 615 feet above sea level.

Lak- Matagami is a uiaguidoeut sheet of water; its extreme length
from east to west is twenty-four uiil.'s, aud from one to tliree miles wide,
excepting at its westerly .'ud, where it broad.-ns out to about six miles in
width, aud encloses several beautiful islands.

Near its .south-westerly .-ud the broad majestic Mekisein river
described iu luy report of May ISlta, comes iu from tlie south.

South of the lake and east of the Mekiscan a range of mountains
parallel to tiie lake ri.ses from five to six hundred feet above its level-
in every other direction the laud is level or g.-utly rolling and well
timbered with spruce, fir, bouleau and poplar.

The soil is a ri.li browuish clay lud outcroppiugs of Huronian rocks
are se.!u here and there along the lake shore.

«!

N™r ,h,. I.U.. ... ,h.. i„k.. ,1,.. « ;";-vr.l:ru,"u ■'.":;-.

C:,.r ::"'..:! .'..:.' -ii' a ,.i, ,■ •.„„>. ..r ,k,.

lake

of it has .,...,. ov..rrnn ».y iir. ami - -^ ;;''': ^ ^..^ „,.a bla.k
growth ol houl.-au and poplar. nit.TniixM. uitl. >..pii u g .

"""T,...soil is a good..luy.y l.Knn amUr.v fro.u s„.u..s a. f.r as We
could s.M. in.iu o.-.asi..nal runs niad.- inland.

from ont' to four mib's iit width.

For twelvo mil.-s this lak- li.. du. north, and at ^J^^}^^^

.distance expands north and .as.. ^^^T;' ^[^l^l^riL.
circu.ufor.nco, and whouco it turns da.' ^^.^>t mx
thr.v miles north-westward to its dischariT".

The .ountry on cither side all ..? - K-vel or gently rolling clay
land^'inlmbirodwithblaek and oy spruce, houleau, poplar and lar.h.
^•ith c/z/oVs here and there on the uricr knolls.

Ab..ut,hrecmilesaV.ove the discharge a pre„y large, muddy rivev
comes m tinm the south- west.

ri..,li-m> ui... were to tueel usher.- with
Whi!- w.iiiMig on ii party nt In.li.ut-. \\ '".
suppli s, w -Mirveyed .hi- river up some twenty mile-.

At lour miles iV..m i,s mou.h i. op-us in.o a h .au.ifnl lake lour mile«
iu lenuth .nd from one .nd a harto -ii m.les m wulth.

,, , ,!,. ,„i th.. -une sluggish, muddy river loads

whi.:h extends south westward s •veil and halt miles.

AuothtT iirm <'Xt*'ii(Is iji'jrlj' diit* wost whi'h Wi'siirvcyi'd about Tmr
mill's ill th:»t Jir.ctiou, at th.' .iilDr which dictum- • th ■ v.iil'jr s.'tiiacil to
opi'u southwiird in buys and morassfs.

Thf oouiitry around hi-n" is low mid swampy and i,'.'U«'rally fov.-ii'd
with black Mpruce uud tiimara .«. ThiTi* ar.' no stones uiid th • water is so
muddy that t vcn the fish can hardly s.'.- through it.

Thfsf wiit.-rs an- alive with tish : in ifoinij up and down the rivr my
Indians killed several lari^.! pike anddoro withth.-ir puildles : they did not
appear to see us or move until touched by the canoe or paddles, and thea
they jumped deau out of th.- water asif tryini^ to s.m- what was the matter.

Along the lower part of t\v river there an- some most inviting flats
of clay land covered with lar-^e poplar and bouleau,

A little over two miles b-low ih • mouth of this riv r, another ;food
sized stream comes in from the wst. W'c fnllowed it up a couple of
miles !o where it forked into two ne.irly equal sized branches, and findings
these too much encumbcri'd with fallen timber and tlie water being rather
low for cino'iui.' we desisted.

Returning to the di... irge of the lake vin the main river, a fierce
rolling rapid runs otf in a nearly straight line due north-west, giving
twenty feet fall in a distance of .J miles.

Below this, the river spreads out to over half a mile in width, for a
mile and a half still north-westward, and thence becomes coutracted
again for about a mile on a due north course, to where it forks around a
large island, the eastern channel broadening out to over half a mile iu
width.

The country on either side is level or gently rolling clay laud
timbered chiefly with black spruce and taraarac.

B-low tlie island the river rolls rapi lly nortli-westward for five miles
falling ten feet in said distanc > and tlien flows plaL-iJly three miles on a
due westerly course.

At the end of the latter dista!H-e, a 14001 siz^'d stream falls in from tlie
south; and tlie main river turning due nortli receives tlirse other fair
sized creeks on the west side in a distune,' of two mi'es.

At the end of the litter distance the entire river passes through a
narrow gorge n t a hundred yards iu width. The fall here is ten'fe't,

Sat by damming the river over thirty fe«>t hfud cau be euily had, whioh
WJuld give over 1*50,000 uvailublo hors.> power

ThiM muat bo a wild lookinir Hpot duriu:; apriiig rri'»h< to, for the
!,nr«'Bt Vwlume of water choked up in thi^ narrow gor_"'. rais.s its li'V»'l
upward* .'t' tWt-Mily live ffi-t, an st'cu by 'hf driftwood •fuUiTi'd along
I- thor side ubove the rhut*'.

H<I<'w thit* 'hnte the river turn- . a«t h\ north iu a broad oxpuusi'
o iT a mill' in lenj^tli and tin-., 'urus* northward agiiin in a suoco^sion of
. 1 »id» that i,'ive nnothir ten ffii jiill in a «' -iiiurf of u m'\\» uid a half.

\ . , liow at an flcvati<i'i of 'iltf fi-ct above sen lev! ; the e.iuntry
oil ■'! iu'rsjde is still level or gently rollini; <riay hind, free from stones
iiK. t tirly well eovered with spru-e iiud tama'ae. with ooeasional patehcs
■ ;f ' uileiiu and poplar.

riu« river now broadens out to over a mile in width, and einloses a
couple of large islands and runs in a north-westerly direction t.ir seven
miles, and then runs uortii-eastward for two miles falliu-r !•> feet iu the
distance of nine miles.

Thi' river now run.s north-west for four miles, in a .series of raey mpids,
giving another Iti feet fall in the latter ('istano.-.

We now turn sharply to the right and soon come to a euscade. Tivinjj
ten feet liill. whiehis passed by a portage twelve chains long a the right
bank.

This cascade can bi' run with large II. 15 Co. canoes at ordinary low
water.

Bi'low tlie last mentioned portag. the river lalLs swiftly in a series
of rough rapids for three miles on a V. X. M oours- until ueccineto
another portage on the left 22 chains ; ti length, passing a wild chute and
cascade that i;ive a fall of :{(i feet.

.\t the head of this chute, the banks are high and rockv— solid
granite on either side— therefore .'tO feet head u be easily had with a
flow of, say, 3,000,000 cubic feet per minute, which would give 275, 00<*
available horse power.

It will be se.u by i'le aecompaiiyinz profii. and the red hgures on
the plan tiiat we l.ave been falling rapidly for the last 2> miles ;- -I mean
rapidly, in comparison with other parts <,f tiie rv r, our total fall ii that

•* 1

!•

(liitBiicu h 'iiiu I-J5 f«»iit. and the land on eUh<>r j»ld ' k •«•[>* ah>Bt the »am«
el«>vation all uloii^ iib.)Vi' the riwr b >il, thort'Turtf tlj t; is n gratiual tlape
of fivf fotft to tiiL' iniK' t'ulliug towanU the north.

Th« coaiitry hiTo appcarx to havi> bfcn burnt ov.-r i»om« fifty yoara
ago, und in now thickly <ovcr.-d with a Hcoond jjrowth of 8[irace and
tii'nura"', with soin • scitti'rinij boul.'au, pjplar and ry/* -i on the dritfr
ridgt'B.

Th«' rock forntiitinn i.s ohicjly ijraiiiti' in the river l<id, and the aame
l»nd clay Hoil is scon on t»itlit?r nido all alonaf.

It'dow the ia>^t menlionod port.isf thf river wid-ns oat to ufarly a
mill- in width, llow« northu ird for ihrfe miles, and tln-n Hows broad
and rn;iJi\stiL' lor seven iniljs in a noi ihw"stei! v direction, averaging J of
a mile in width and encLiiini; gome h . iifnl islands.

' *ne of these isiiiudM, at th« lower end of the latter stretch, measures
tw ' miles in lengil nid over a iirle in width in tli ■ widest part. There
are pmcti trees over two leet diameter on this island.

The same level clay land o -red thickly wi' black and gr. v spruce
is seen all alo>i<,' on I; >th sides.

We are now down to an eh ration i>f only 400 fet»t tbov ■ sea level at
the large island last above raeutioued, and from there the river runs in
a dne forth-wep- course for te miles, and in this stretch we fall 180
feet or an aver.ii; >f 18 feet to tli mile, tlie laud on eith.r side coutin-
uiuL to slop- eveiii to the north west all along.

ugh rapids and two Ii":»vy casca les, thai are passed
M-ks on tlie right side as shown on the plan.

There ire several
T)y portagi ig over tli

Several ^ il wa powers could be had here, but they will never
bkelvb. li-.iized. or ..t tue lOwer end of this str'tch there is a 8l>< r fall
ot seven feet, jri . ing a' •)at 400,000 available horse power.

Til iver here divides into two channels and the portage is on the
isl id ihe western channel is dry at low water.

\V.' are now down to only 150 feet above tiu' level and the lands on
ither side seem to fall evenly with th • river bjd, the sam • 1
ban' ^ continuing all along well covered with spruce and tam ■

rrum the loot of th>' iast mmtioned chute the river tur:
tmd i V nil that course for over ten "iles in a series of

rapids ; and, the river b.-d bein-sc broad, one has to maintain a sharp look
out to keep in the main channel, whi.-h ns th.- river lowers is conti-
nually changing from sid.' to side, leaving shoals and gravel bars, through
wluch the water oozes off, leaving your canoe often high and dry in mid
channe and you are left to choose whetlier to portage ahead or back up
and seek more water elsewhere.

The same level clay laud covered with black spruce and tamarac is
seen ou both sides ah aloiiff.

The river now turus again north west and continues nenrly on that
course to its mouth a distance of twenty five miles.

There are several wild rapids, but no chute on this stretch and the
river broadens out to from half a mile to a .nile in width and encloses
several low islands.

The banks are never more than from ten to tlurty fct above the level
of the river and the country on ..itlu-r sid. is level day soil covered witn
spruce, taraarac, bouleuu and poi.lar.

About half way down this stretch the Kitchi-aomu, a pr.>tty lar-e
nyer, conies in from the south west, and it appear, that a canoe rou'tc
follows this river to r.ach the head waters of the rivers flowing into
Hanuah Iky. '

About two miles below the mouth of th.- Kitchigaoma, the Xottaway
spreads out into four channels enclosing 'hree large islands.

Some of these channels are dry at low water, and the dreadful havoc
made by the mighty river during spring freshets leaves nothing but the
largest boulders and granite crags to meet the eye when th. Hoods draiu

The fall here is about ten fe.-t to the mile for three miles, and the
wafer appears as if simply spilled over the surface of the land for
abr.ve the islands the bed of the river is nearly ou a level with'the
surrounding country.

One can imagine what :, wond-rful sight this must be during
spring l,v.shet.s, when th- How of water must b. over twentv miliou
cubic ieet •

a galloping sea of I
in width.

per minute, roaring and iumblin<r<l

own this brou'l rockv waste.

bam sevnil nKJ-sin length and from one to two mil

SCENE ON THE JACQUES-CARTIER RIVER ABOVE LAKE ST. JOHN RA.LWAV BRIDGE,
SHOWING HEAD OF MOUNT ISONONTOUAN. ■""U«t,

PAPATI,

GRAND CHIEF OF THE UPPLR OTTAWA INDIANS.

llBlliiailiHH

Below this the river narrows iu, still rolling on in racy rapids and
bubbling «ddies a distance of five miles to where it passes through the
narrow gorge near tid !-wat«r whore th > total width of the river is less
than a thousand feet a^i described in ray report of the 29th of November
1897.

GEOLOGY

In making a hurried survey like this over so great an extent of
country, only a very superficial knowledge of the geological formation
CO lid be obtained ; but having given some copies of plans of my surv.>y8
to the late Dr Dawson, he kindly offer.-d to give rae any plans or other
information I might r-quiro from his d^partin-ut in r?turu.

I had written that gentleman a day or two before his untimely death
asking for certain notes and plans, and a I'w days aft.-r I received an
answer from Dr Bell, acting dir 'ctor, statin'^ that the geological map of
the oiiitry in question was not yet printed, but if I would go to Ottawa
he would be most happy to show m • the originals and giv> me any other
information he could regarding the geology of the country.

Accordingly I went there and met both Dr Bell and Mr A. P.
Low, and was most kindly received by them.

Here is what Dr Bell says :

The whole country is underlaid with Archean rocks : these are
('■vided into the Laurentian and Huronian which constitute the base of
uineral bearing rocks iu Canada east of the rocky mountains.

The largest lluronian belt so far known is the one which Dr Bell
has called the " Great Belt. "

It nins continuously from the eastern side of Lake Superior all the
way to the southern extremity of Grand Lake Mistassiui.

One of the greatest expansions of this belt lies within the region
under description.

If we draw a straight line due north from the northern extremity of
Grand Lak' V'ictoria, it will be found to pass over Huronian ucks for a
distance of nbout 100 miles or to a point slightly beyond lake Matagami.

Dr B"ll r.'gard< th* lluronian rocks of this region as very promising
ii3 a gt'n :-ral way fo: metalliferou-i ures, especially ^*old, copp.-r, iron and
nickel. Veins were seen in various localities ; some of them carrying cop-
per and in one cas^ trace-* of gold.

•58

Owing to the larg>^( amount of purely topographical and geological
work which Dr Bell was obliged to accomplish in so iimiv -d a time he
could not s»ive much attention to prospecting for minerals: still he
regards the indications as very favorable.

In iddition to the great belt Dr Bell discovered smaller nr-'as ot
Hnrouian rocks oil tiie Broad Back river, just east of the bi;^ Lake, and
another on the lower pari of the great Nottaway river.

Mr X. P. liovv says :

The I'astern extension of the IIuroni;in b -It carrit s copper at lake
€hibougaraou and the granites of lake Obatagoman may carry gold.

The Ilurouiau rocks show up again at the north end of Lake Mistas-
sini, :nid continue eastward to beyond tlie ManieoUAgau river.

The basalts found by the writer north of Little Lak-? Mistassini are
part of this belt.

Mr Low says that h" caught tommy cols n -ar the mouth of the
East Main river and rod-fisli have been taken further north iu .Tames or
Hudson Bay, but it requires m)re investigation to find whether they may
be fouud in paying quantities or not.

Sea run brook trout are taken in the mouths of all the rivers and
excellent large whitefish also.

Further north in Hudson Bay, the .\retic trout, a very excellent fish,
are taken in abundance by the Hudson Biy comp.iny and are sold, salted
in Loudon for nearly the same price as salmon.

The writer while taking observations for latitude on an island uear
ihe mouth of the East Main rivi'r s;»w a numbjr of large porpoises, or
white whales as tliey are called there, playing all ar.mnd.

Mr Low says ihat spruce for pulp wood is seen along the Kast Main
river all the way up, and that areas of the same wood extend b -youd the
northern limit of the province of (iuebjc.

He also says that New Quebec will be found better than New Ontario
for agricultural purposes, and that no doubt rich minerals will hi found
in the northern areas of our province as well as iu Ontario.

The new plan they are now abont publishing is made on a scale of
ten miles to an inch which together with their accompanying detailed
reports will no doubt throw new light on the mineral resources of that
region.

The following meteorological table kindly prepared for me by the
Director of the Meteorological Bureau of Toronto will give a fair idea of
Jimatic conditions.

•/J
I

JUL

MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TKMPBIlATUUIilS, UAINFALL AND SNOWF

■6

: 1

1 X

: S

Jani'aky

i! 5

KEIIKt-AKV

-0-2

Makch

12'J

Al'KIl

33 4

May

46 3

Jink

r.5

Jri.Y.

(i6-2

AiiiinT

5!»-9

.SRrTKMBKIl

51-7

OCTIIBKR

42 -2

NoVKMBBK

22 (i

Dki'K.MIIKK

, 5-4

Ybau

32 5

WiNTRR.

TKMl'KRATrRK.

2-7

7-0

3-2

12 it

13 8

21 4

34-4

33-7

47 2

46-7

6"(i

55-7

fi4-7

62 7

61-6

09-5

52 'J

51 2

42-8

24!»

29-3

8 9

171

32 5 ! 340 I 3<i 7

4-7
59
181
38-9
49-4
681
63 5
<-.0-7
62 4
44-2
20 -9
11-3

36-2

c
s

10
-l-fi
10-7
40H
03-5
(i2.1

63.8
55-7
42ti
21 3
C-8

35-2

St MMEK

J.iiiuiiiy to MHrch

3.2

68.9

6 6

59 •

140 9-6

.">7 H .<>S-.I

3-4

a
js
t
<

8-8

13-3

142

«-7

160

17-5

17-6

24-7

25-6

37 1

43-3

42 7

47 9

55-6

54.8

55-5

65-2

64 -3

69 9

69.4

(!l)-9

67 ■ 6

54 I

, 59.2

58- 1

44-9

1 48.8

49-5

28-2

1 32 4

, 33 1

13 7

; 18-7

1 20-5

Il>. III. I III

II 4

15 :> I

23 .■> '

at*'.". '

6(1 s

6(1 t
6(i H
fill It
5.> 2
41) 1
30 :i

i:r.

9 4
13 2
29-9
113 ' 2
\\\ . 6
.J2.5
,".6 8
uri 4
4»0
41 1
:!9
17 2

R
013
2- 15
2 13

2 07

3 19
2-22
0-83
37

R
R
R

006
75

1 01
53
57
0-58
22
OOR

07
0(K<
47
29

2
1
0-6:

60
48
60
76
45
37
80

36-5 j 42 9 j 43 1 40(1 ?,', \ !l3 09 ' 4-«5 |l8-58

110 180 19 1 1« H ' 14-5 ' R K i 67

CI -9 ! 590

5-5 , (!4-8 y.i i< 53 7 , 748 ! 2- 11 880 ill

R and S in the colu.i ns fur rain and mow »ii»iiify th.it the a iioui

It w»i t .. siiihII (ii mpanuri*.

r;™ ,,J^l^^X°l''^\''.;^;\'''',*'^^'^'^"'g*-\'»"^^ ..M.n.l, f.T the «ii nm„tha

Rimouski : and that Ahittiin, although Bitiiatod near tlio liuJRht ..f land, ix 7' WHr.;.,., tlinii M.mm,. Fa.:l..iy, 8" w.,rinrf

58|

SNOWFALL DKIilVKl) FROM TUF yi;AK iStT TO TlIK YKAK I'.tO • INt'LrSIVE

PwMNKAM,

-i

SNOWFALL.

1^
1

= i =f

a "Z

5 ^

hm
<

t ;

1 i .

! 1 I

t • 1

a ;

1 *■ 1

<
S

. 1
1

i !

,„. 1

Uu , III. 1 III.

1 ' 1

In. !

III. III.

llr

li..

In.

1 :

In. 1 In. 1

In.

i„.

In.

0-24 i O-Ol 14 '

OTiO

1 24 71

17 '

18-7

13 2

11 3 1 0-1

20 4

.37 6

23-1

19-8

0(K<

13 ' R (10 !

f.'.t

1 11 1 Jii

:,\

13-9

20 6

13 3

7 5 6 2

17-5

25-9

26 3

lti-6

0-2H 1 00« OOH '

l-2!»

1(W 7S

(1 41

30-5

42-6

8-8

12-2 6-2 '

27 4

28-7

29-9

27-5

OKU !!» (1 IC.

0!t!t

l-Hii 1 4tl

1 53

0-8

9-9

4-2

1-3 2-0

1 1'5

2 2

4-4

1«0

2:'.2 ! iia 2 22 1

:iiv.t

2-7»i 3 13

2 4'J

1 ...

1 1 ...

; s

2-48

4 II a 4S 41«i '

2-71

4 (>3 4 12

2 H4

. . .

1 3«()

4 »0 ;r2!» 4 4:i

4!.2

5 41 4 «!•

:i t;7

1 ...

1 2-76

3.77 2 6« 1 4-40

2 4J

2-54 2 '.>'.!

2 3il

i • • •

...

2-45

3- 11 ' 1 !•!» 40S

3 11

3'.tH 3 Ml

3 3.'

i ...

2 :i7

21.') 2 42 ' 2W)

2.57

2-72 2 5.'

2 03

' 5-7

1 S

1-5

6-.3 S

1 s

0-4

ISO

10'.) 0.12 76

1 •i7

2-24 -i O'.t

1 til

11-3

i 8-9

7-2

91 ; 2

6.9

i 180

9-6

18 1

0(;7

OIti 1 00 2.!

1.12

ir.'.t 1.23

C'.l

....

24-6

; 18 4

18-6

4-8 ; 3-5

19-0

27-5

13-4

19 1

jlH-5«

22 l«2 !ir,13 24-31

25»il

30 W 2S «0

.'1!*(!

i •

105-5

il29.3

66-9

4(i-(i 1 23

1 '

92-2

139 2

104-0

106 8

tl5

: 1 ! i
09 0-22 2 48 1 4(a ' 2 HI

1 1

1 39 1:

8-80

11-4H

7 8* 12-!17 :iO 4H ,11 -K! 11 44

1 i ^

•■ 1

■.t:8

63- 1

92- 1

.35 3 31 15 5

65 3 92 2 79-3

63-8

* Tlia Bniiw fall has not been me«si>re<l.

nix nmiithn nf Runinicr, May to October inclnsive, Mhokc KhcIitt '« aliout ono drgreu warmer ttiint O.iihougie and 21' warmor than
, 8" Wiinncr that) OiilhiiMsio, T w.iriiii'r tlimi P^'ft Arthur, and -.'S wRrint>r than Kimoutki.

H. OSrLLIVAN, C. E.

(L'ortilicii ocirect)

R. F. SHErARD.

Director.
Dominion Met'l. Service.

'^'■-st^

i\.

»0

The Honorable Commissioner of

C'olouizution and Mines,

Quebi'c.
Sir,

I have the honor to transmit you a dnpliiut<' of phm and report
which I have addressed to the Hon. Commissioner of Lands, Forests and
Fisheries regardini; a portion of the Jam<'s I'ay territory, whioh it may
be advisable to have rec^ided in your de;>artmi'nt.

I have thi' hono' to be.
Sir,
Your obedient servant,

HKXRY OSULLIVAX,
1). L. S. \- M Can. Hoc. C. E.

Insp. of Surveys, P. Q.

To the Honorable Commissioner of

Landis, Forests and Fisheries,
Qui'bec.
Sir,

The enclosed dossier No 7l'13-l!t00 of your d«'partmeut re the par-
chase of Middlfboro Island and lands opposite on botli sides of the liittle
Nottaway or Bro.vd-bai-k River on Rupert Bay, was ref-rr.'d to me by E.
E. Tache, Esq., .\ssistant Commissioner, with request that I should report
to you on the situation and value of the premises, with any other
information that I could give for your guidance regarding the same.

In order that you may clearly understand the situation I have pre-
pared the accompanying plan or map on a scale of forty chains to aa
inch, showing the coast line of Rupert Bay from the mouth of the Notta-
way river to the Poutiac on the east, and the west coast as far north as
the mouth of the Shebish river.

I may say at the outset that any attempt at setting a value or stipu-
lated price on the property asked for by Mrlremniil can beon'y problem-
atical or speculative as matters stand at present.

Certainly the situation is one of the most inviting on the whole coast ;
but until such time as railwav communication is had with some poiut

♦50

V'l

on Tiitinv* Bay, tho Tf>.onrtt'>* of ull thit hanin innst ri'inain dormant and
ot" littlf valno to any one.

The only air.'«8 at pn'sojit (if I .xrept tli.- voyagtnr'i* ounof) In via
Hudson Straits anil from all wo can K-aru from liifiit Miani G.mlon's reports
made for th«' Dominion Oovfrnrnvit and from tlv r.-foris of tlic llmlsoa
Bay Company and inquiry ainn .; its ofBcr!*, »Scc , thoso straitH an' only
navigahlf about thro,' months of tho Vi'iir and if wo tako into ac(3oaQt tho
various obstaelos and dan*? ts to whiohtlio navi'.»ationof that far northorn
ro^jion is oxpos'd w* miy oouflud' thai tli; n ivi!».iu>u of llu Isou straits
is t'oramorcially impra tirablo at any >*oa«on.

Wo nln^t Mot infer from this, howovor, that th.it ^'rl•at northern slope
of our proviiioo is v.iluoloss. ():i th" ivmtrary, vi'-w-'d from another and
a mor" practical standp lint. th-- objo.tions above m-ntionod sliould be
the sti'ppini,' stoin's wh Toby thos- north'rn wiKl lands may b«' more
adv;uita<T'ou»ly develnp.J by us as will b' b-tter 'xplaiaod further on.

SUUVKY

In aecordanre with my instruetioiis IV'iin tii- DopirMnont of (.'do-
nizaliou lud Mines. I iiav' surveyed and lak -u the levels of the O-reat
Nottawav river rinm its -ouree to its mouth ; and on the llupert river
from Ink' Nomi>k..,v i> lid- water ; but <mi th" i<ittle Noitaway I only
ni'asured the portion of it travers vl by as i>;i our canoe DUte from Was-
wanipy to ilup -ri House and at its month, from Middleboro Island up to
the first rapids at the point mark-d .\ on t!i.' acoompanying plan.

The party I left at Unpert Hay durins th ; winter of 1807-8, surveyed
the river some ten or iw.'lve miles fiirth -r up, but they did not take any
levels.

However, iVom wliat 1 hive s 'en of the river 1 b,'lieve that a good
water power can h^ had i;lo> • to ijil '-wat-'r, which is exe 'ptional around
James Ba^.

On the llupert river tlu-re is no chance of a water power below
Smoky Hill p(»rtage which i< twdve miles from its mouth at nujiert
House.

There is a small rai>id near the IIul>oii 15 ly ' "o's p )st at Rupert
House whicli is more or l">s eliminate 1 at hi'.^'i til', aid th'iic up to
Smoky Hill it i all smooth running wali'r.

On tin- I'outiuc uiul I'liiHt Main rivers, »■> watT powT «•*'! 1' • 'iud
anywliTc ufur tli'- coa^t ; iiml <ni tin- ILiiiiiah IJiy riv rs im r.ipids oci-ur
witliiii tw'Uty lailex Irom tUcir m<>iilli^ ; whil.' tui tli'* Mo is.' uiid Missa*
uabii- riviT.-. no wat 'r-in>\v is <aii b • liail wii'iiu '>iu> liuiidt'il mil s I'rom

tht' COilHt.

Oil tilt' (ir-ut Nottaway tU.T' an" rapids ii.'ar liJi'-wit-r, but uo
chuto, and to st mu t!i • ll'jw if tli it .'iMrui > i- river with any l<ind of a
dam that fould n-sist th • ii'i'-li.nv-* tl irini^ lin-iu'^ an I aiuif.nn frcslu'ts
would bfuo i-asy task.

Althoujfh the LittK' Nottaway app'ars small in compari-on with the
Gn-at Nottaway and llupi-rt rivers, ly in : idost' on lithor side, it is no
iasignilii.-unt stream.

It takes itw rise n-ar lake Mistassini, aiiJ after drainiusr several larije
lakes, . om -s within seven i lil-s of the Rup 'rt near lake Xi-miskovv aud
then runs parallel to the la fer from iiier« to its mouth, a distance of eighty
miles.

On the portion of it traversed by our »anoe route above meutioned
from Waswauipy to Rupert House, the first lake we come to measures 17
miles in lenirth, with an expansion of about eight miles in widthui right
angles to the line of route.

The second lake we come to is called Long Lake and measures twenty
five miles in length and varies from a quarter of a mile to two and a hall
miles ui width ; and the third lake we come to is one of the lar'^jest ou
the whole northern slop-, measuring .12 miles iu length by about IS miles
in width.

IJut in the :att'-r lake there are sev<'ral lar^re islands and peninsulas,
which considerably l"»eu the water ar^ a : oilierwise it would be lait^er
than lak" St .Tohn.

I did not take any actual measurem •nt> to determine thi' How of the
liittl.' Xotlawayal its iiDUtli, it b 'iiiL' th-ii coiisid 'red only of secondary
imp >;■; i:ioe ; but, judgiu'/ bv tiie size ol the river compar 'd with the
Gr Mt Xottaway and Kapert rivers wIitc careful measurements w -re
taken, I shoiil.l say tiiat its How must be at least l..'>'iO.OOi» cubic feet per
miuiiti' at oulin.uy low water ; and with the great lakes above men-
tioned to serv^, as reservoirs it is n eedl-ss to say that a steady How miy be
maintained there the whol- y. ur rounj.

«2

As will »).' M'en l.v tlw ii.'.,.mi.,ui\ ii»n pUn or map lli^ mouth ot tU,-
I iitl- Noltuwuv i't Mio-tu.lvanta-.-ou*ly Mtuuted lor l-xI.'UMT.' palp nidu--
tri.-. ; thf for..«t pr.>liut« olfU> l.iids drain 'd by ih- difforoiU l.»rg.. ru-r*
fuUiiiff into the hay .-an hi" so .tiHily oonoutrutud there.

Tli.ro i» a world of sprn- • on the Or.at Nottawuy and it-s tribiUarion
and iron, the loot ol th.' laM ...pids on that riv-r. rafts ol any siz.- .'an bo
Hoali'd down to Mi.kdl.horo Islan.l with any ontiroin? tide.

Last Hnininer we mad- li^ van of at leant fonrteen milen, with loaded
tano..,, on the ebb tide, in ^ li< ar-< and a half.

In lik.' manner tl. may he bron!,'ht froi. the ,«-uth.s of tK ,«

r,.utiae and Uup Tt riv ah tli- in-omint^ lide.

Th TiJ i< :in iia a'jusity .1 pulp w.>jd ou all tiie* > rtv-.-rs

Spue • from on • to i w . f- t in diam>ter is -vn all th- w ly from the
height of land to .laiufs Bay

I hav.">.-en>pru.' fully iw,. {••■•t india-.n'ter ri-,'!!! .It 'h.' mouth of
the liupTt riv.r. and th- llu l-.u iiiy ni.-n tell m<> ihat th.' h-st spru o
th'-y '-'''l i?* "It •'' ' ron'iac river.

Tie' land ask.-d for on .m. li >id.' oi th" Litth' Nottaw .v or IJroad Ihi'k
is oxeelUMii .lav >oil. all alon? th- riv-r : lu fa t all th- . iud hord-ring
Rup. n 15uy isex.-.-ll.-nt -lav s..ii, and n-. ^ton" can he se. anywli-'re
then-, .xe.'ptiii!;- in th- riv-r I. 'K at th ' r.ipid^ and .. x-asioii .1 h.-uldera
and limestone llasfs .-ealter-d alou',' tii- sea shore.

Mi.ldleh.ro Island measures ii- irlv three mil -s in len-th by a little
ov.-r a mil- in width in th.; wil -st piri, an I .-oiitains an ar-a of abnit
1500 a.r-s.

At th- sou luTii -lid it ri-s boldly from the wat-r. an.l is well
wo,.,l • I with sprue-, o'l-rinir s— ur- -.ji-lt-r fr.)m ih - ndlini,' su-lls of the
orivat h.y iliat sw-ep down with tii- north wind ov -v n Mily i thousand
u,il-s uf unhrok -n s-a ; hut th- n..;'th -ni end llaiiens o.it in lov m.rshy
land .lid is alw .ys cov-r-d by ordinary hiurh tid-s.

Til.' .-hanu'l s -,)araiin'4: it iVo:n th- in lin s!!..:-- i:, a dr -p narrow
cr-ek, slu',','ish audmuldy, m asurin--only fr.):a aquarter to hall a -h ,iii
in width.

srA-,<IN<j M i< »t Bl;^ I HT M 1\J^L.

LATUQue, ON THE RIVER ST. MAURICE.

The Indiau hixutiTs and voyasfenrs take advaiUa!»e of this channel,
and ffo as far as the siiininit, which is about opposite the middle of this
island, with the rising tide ; and then wait for the falling tide to coutinae
on their route, having the advantage of going witii the current either
way.

By dredging this channel, which would b' an easy matter, it being
all alluvial cla>ey bottom, th\? sidi's could be raised above the level of
hiffh tide and thus form wliarves on eitiier side.

Vessels of sufTicieut drauglit for th«' nr. vigiitiou of James and Hudson
bays can come here at any ordinary liiijli tide.aiulsafelyanchoriu the mouth
of the Little Xottavay, in the siiclter of Middlcboro Island, where I
found from 15 to 20 feet of wati-r at low tide.

Rupert Bay is in general very sliallow, but according to Captain
Taylor, wlio lias navigat<'d I liese waters for tlie Hudson Bay Company,
tor upwards of twenty y-ar.-, there is a deep channel extending froia Stag
Hock southward to Middlel)oro Island.

Vesst'Is trom Moosi- Factory and otlier posts on Hitdson and James
Hay, bound for Kupert IIousi', generally li<' in shelter of Stag Rock to
wait for liigli tide to cross ihe bir at tlie mouth of liie Kupert river.

(iAMH AND FISH

Tlie environs of Midcileboro Island an' p:ir cirellence the choice hun-
ting grounds of tlie llud>on Bay ollicers and men of the Ruper* Bay
district.

Here, wild geese, wavies, duck, snipe, plover and diflerent other
kinds of water fowl are found in countless numl)ers ; 1 have seen wavies
(a kind of small geese) ri.se in sucli dense Hocks that the opposite shore
was eclipsed by tiiem.

Trout and whitelisli are taken in tjuantities l)y Indians at the mouth
..f the Mttle Nottaway and are smoked tor to )d lev thetuselvcs and their
dogs during winter.

Notwithstandinii' the diirereiii reports to the contrary, th.' resources
uf thit vast region an- not unworthy of the attention of the Gov-riimeut
ind tliey cannot forever remain sliut out fruin the commercial world.

The foiest wealth of the great areas drained by the mighty rivers
llowing into Hudson and Jam.'s Bay lan alone be developed by utilizing
the natural water courses.

Th'' wlml.' mill othiT fish.'ri.'s oftluu gri'iit inland sea, 3')0,000 square
mik's HI t•xt^•llt, the various indiratioiis of iiiin.Tals, mor-- o: Ics-s pmuii-
noiit throughout th<' outin- n-gioii. must coon t or latt-r cull i'ur ilirwt
railway lonuuiinicatioM ; mid wh.n \vc .oiisidor that th- toiithoru t-xtre-
raity ol .Taiu.'s ISay may b>' touchfil by the siiorlfsl and best pn.oticablo
trauscoutiiu'iitul lino ol' railway available on our coutiuout, when-by the
combiii.'d Inns lor .'oiunicnial nlalioii>b<'lw«'.'ii luirope and the Ori.'Mtal
einpin's, mav be short^Mud Iroiu livi' huudrfd t > a thousand miles, and
tho irradi's reduce 1 to oui' half of those of any other line, we may take it
for irranted that sooner or later tiie iron horse will awaken the solitudes
of Kupert's 15ay.

With this development in view, a irlam'.- at the general map of the
countrv will show at one.- thi- advantageous position of our province,
and particularly of our sliipping ports lor the future trade of that region.

Every vear adds to the demand for larger oeeau freight carrying
vessels, and of course they will seek the best port on the shortest route,
which against all odds must ultimately be Quebec.

Quet>ec must have its counterpart som 'where on th- shores of Jmues
Bay. and po>sibly the very territory asked for by I lie Albany River Pulp
Companv, may in the not far distant future become the site of a growing
city

This is not simply a question of lo -ul interest ; it may involve ques-
tions of the highest imperial interest, and therefore in mr humble opinion
it would be injudicious for the (lovernmeut to alienate any such pro-
miui-nt i)ortion of our nortiiem seabo.ird for any prii-e cr consideration
that could likely be oblaiue<l lor it at present.

Tie- whole huinhly submii'.ed.

I hav ■ the h >u <r to he

Sir,
Your ciheJieni -•■rvaiii,

hi;xi;y '>'si ij.iv.vn,

li. L. .^^ \- M. Can. Soc (". !•:

Inspector of Surveys, 1'. (J.

L II". ■-■'>ili Mi\. l''"'".

To the Honorable A. TuROKON,

Commissiouer of Colon izatiou and Miuos,
Quebec.

Sir.

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 6th
ultimo, stating that it was your intention to put all the returns available
of my exploratory surveys of the Lake St lohu, Mistassini and James
Bay regions before the House during thi' pn-sent session of the Legislature,
and asking in addition to the same that I should give you my appre*
ciatiou of the most feasible and advantageous route for railway communi-
cation between Quebec and James Bay.

The different plans and profiles with accompanying reports trans-
mitted ht-rewith, togeth>*r with those transmitted in November IH'M, June,
1899, and August IHOO, oomplete th ■ whole series from section No I to No
16 inclusively, giving the gon jral topography, resources and capabilities
of the country, and it only remains now to add a few remarks on the
different proposed routes for a railway line or lines to develop that vast
inaccessible region.

Many routes have been suggested and more or less advocated to
reach James and Hudson Bay. at least seviii in the province of Quebec
and probably as many more fiom Ontario.

In 1897 the Quebec and James Cay liy Company's charter was
extended and fontirmed by Dominion Vet of I'arliain -nt, for a railway
from some point on the (iuebio & Lake S» John Railway to Jam .'s Bay,
and it appears by till* press that other companies are now applying for
charters starting Iroui points w-st of Qnebeo even as far west as lake
Temiseaminguc to rcaeh .lunies iJay also.

Having had oc -asion to examine niore or b'ss durins; the last twenty
years the country traversed by the ditlerent proposed routes. I have
prepared a table of di.-tances of the s' ven possible lines which is here-
with submitted, giving the number of miles of railway already in opera-
tion that may be u.sed, and the numb r of miles to be built lo re.ich James
Bay by each route.

Where no surveys have be n made, the distances are obtained bv
measuring on the plan and adding 10 per cent for eurvature in each c^ise.

In my report of progress of the 2!>th November, in speaking of the
route from Iloborval to James Bay, I said that this would bj the most
5

advantageous ronte in the interest of the province for the development
of the newly acquired territory north of the heijjht of land, for, while
other proposed routes only skirted its western border, this loute triivcrses
it through its centre, and I also said that the loc itiou of this line
should bj chosen with a view of its hjcominaf, in the perhaps not far
distant future, part «f the b,>st and shortest transcontinental railway for
trade between Europe, the Great North West and Oriental empires.

Ha ! Ha ' Bay, Roberval, the southern extremity of James IJay,
Norway House near the northern extremity of lake Winnipeg and
the Peace river valley are nearly in the sam • straight line and the pass
thnnxgh the Rocky Mountains at the head of th ■ Peace river being more,
than two thousand live hundred I'eet Iowit than the summit of the
Canadian Pacific Railway through said mouitains, it is needless to say
that ere Iowj: the ffrtilc valley of th^ Peac river will eciio to thf whistle
of th> railway euijine and then will follow the building of the best
possible liuf for its outlet to EuropiMii markets whirh unquestionably
must pass through the points above meutioned

The only objection is tli it owing to the oatIv freezing of the Sague-
uay river ami its ri'inaining too long i"-bniiulin spring, the season is
too short ill Ha' Ha' H ly and the >;iui • arguments militate against the
port ot Montreal aUo.

It ea

can be safely lelied on thai tlio ^hipping season at the port of
Quebec will Ite always at lea>t two months longer tlian I'rom either td
the aliovt' mentioned ports.

ICveii at this nioui'Mit tli ■ |)ort i>! <Jai*l)c is d.-ur ol ice anil ilnring
the mouth oi [•'•!>ruiry lasi. Mr .I>hn Tliom lias be.ii sliipjiing tinib t
from ill ' \. mis.' Hasin lo lii • Mp|)i)sii,' ^i(le of i!i' rivcr and up to t!ie site
of t!ie ii.'W brid;:-.- on ill" St Liwrcii e with his or linary tug boats and
liiiliiefs without t!i' least (lilficiilty.

1 take it that Ml spit' of all opp.si'iou t^iii'b'c imisl hecoine the
principal shipi)iiiir i> >rt of ih ' St I-a\vreii ee and that the fut ure transcon-
tiiii'iital imperial Iriink railway of t li' l));iiiiiion must pass close to, or
touch the south rn exircnntv i>\' .Iiines liiy. and I !i ive there|'o:e tak' u
these points as terininaU lor tli' a •c(»iii[>anyiiiLr table ot distances. I
will now endeavor to uive an ouiliiic of each route in numerical order
from east to west as sIkiwm hy ill ■ r'd liiiei on the accompanying Key
plan

tJ7

Route No 1 follows the Q. & L. St John Ry, from Quebec to
Roberval 192 miles and thence via the Chamouchouau and Nottaway
valleys to Juines Hay.

This route \v;i8 surveyed and rejwrted on by rae in 1897 from
Roberval to Waswanipi and thence via little Nottaway and lakeNamuska
to Rupert House. The portion of the great Nottaway from Gull lake to
James Bay was only surveyed in 1890 and the description of that sectioa
is gJven iu the reports transmitted herewith.

With the exception of a few miles along th > Chamouchouau river,
there is no diificulty in getting a good line on this route. Quebec & L tke
St Ji.hn summit 1A36 feet ; Lake fJt John & .lames Bay summit liOO feet
above s.'a levl Total distance, 62-J miles, 430 to build.

Route No 2 follows the Quebec and Lake St John railway about 77
miles to the mouth ofth" river Jeannotte. Thence follows the Jeannotte
and Algonquin valleys westward toLatuqu-; thence following th.' St
Maurice to its source and westward over thi- hrijrht of land to the old
M.kis.an H. H. Co. Po^t and down the Mekis, an valley to lake Mataijarai
and thence direct to Jann's IJay.

I surveyed th" .leaunotte and .Algonquin waters and traversed from
tijere to the St Mauri.-e b 'low l.atuque iu 181M-2 and in 180!> I followed
the St Mauruv valley l-om |,:,tu(iue to Kikiudat.!. il. B. Co. Post and
thence over th,- h.i'jrht of la.id ; au.l the r.'-.-ion !.-t\veeu the Mekiscaa
pr ■ .iii.l .liiiii^'.s Biy was .■xiil..red by m ■ in l-^.'M and 18 "It.

1 do not .ipi.r.'h-na any tr(.ul)le in o-,.ttiuo- a „.,,od railway line all
over thi> r..ut,.. with Ih ■ ex.'.plion p.ihai)s ..fpart ot th>' distaure b.'tween
the AI-.Miquin wai.Ts an! La!U(|u.'. .My iin,' pass 'd tliroiisvh lake
AVayairaiaack and ilie lali from th.-re to the St Maurice i^i ton sudden to
over.ome willi ordinary lirad.'s but 1 think that by keeping farther north
towards tii>' month ..rth,' Bistoimais riv.-r betterirrouud and easier grades
mty b' had. T.ie hi-li vsi Mini.irt '.fihislin' \v..uld b- b.'tw.'eii 1300 and
1 OO f'.t abov.' sea l.'V.-l. Tni.il di^tanci", .">.J7 miles. 4S0 to build. M.J.
<;. Sro»t. s.-creiary and ma lair -r. ol tlicQ. and L.St J and Great .Vortheru
railways inlornis nie tliai tli-y intend b lildinga new lin • from St Rav-
uiond to St Tliei-b' or St Tit.- which will siiorlea the road and avoid the
objectionable grades on th- lin.- vit Kiviere a Pierre, and that in con-
tinuation of this a good line witii .-a.sy grades has been explored from St
Tiiccle to Latuque on the St Maurice.

RonU> Mo :l follow:* th.' <) .Sc I.. St John Ry. the Gn-at Xorthorn
and C. P. Ky to Gniiid PiK-.s, tb-iio- wx the St Maiiri.o aud Mattawan
rivers to the 80urco of the latter stream, th uc- i-ia hikes Uaskutoiiff,
Kakebonea and Grand Lake Virtoria, and then (n.T th- height of land
direct to Jaine.s Bay

In 1H8>. I surveyed this part of the St Mauri. >■ and the Mattawan
river from its month to the township of Hrassarti, near its sonree, and
found no dilfi.ulty in s^ottins a irood railway line through there: hut I
never erossed from the source of the Mattawu'i to lake Haskatoug.
However, from what I eould see in followinjr the Rouge and Lievro
rivers, I daresay a good line may he had then

In !*< •l--2-:^4. I surveyed lake I'.askatong aud the Gatineau and .lean
de Terre waters, through, to lake Kakehonga, and all the Ottawa waters
between there and Grand Lake Victoria, and then .e over the height of
land to the Mekis "an valley.

Taken as a whole, a comparatively easy line can be had throughout
this seetioii and owinir to the enormous distance that timb.T would have
to b>' driven in following the Ottawa waters, a rail. vay through here
would secure a . laiaiense lumber trafUc T.irt of this line would likely
be l'..ll,)we(l l.y the (J iV Lake Huron projected Railwav.

The hiirhest summit on this line i> only 1"00 feet above >.'a level, the
total distance i'>A') mil-'s. '>i'> lo builil

Rout." No 4 f.illows ih' (". v. Ry to St Martin'- .Iiiueiion n.ar
Montre:il and ihen.-e to St .leroun' :iiid l.ab.'lle. or via <i iV Lak- >I .lohn
and (lieat Northern to .-^t .!.• ..iii'and C 1*. Ry to !..ab 'll'. ili ii.- • cVi Xomi-
nin'_ni' an<l Mainwaki an! u;> ih'> D'^.'it and Tomuu»>in'' valley- to
lake Kakeliuii^'a.

Kroin lake Kakehoiica ili • rmite i< th- sam ■ as ront- N.> :{. r»'twe.>ii
ls8ii a"d IS'.t4 1 mad' a e iiiiiiiiiou- -urvey from Lal>"ll" lo lak' Kak ■-

boiiij-a Mid althoiiL'h tli uiiiry i> hilly I'roin the R^xiu lo th" (Jatineau,

I think thai a lairlv Lrood line can \>- iiad. I'roia Ma;iiwaki westward
no Iroubl ■ lic'd ti • appichc'iditl on this rouie.

lliu-he>t suniiiiii JftOO feci, total di-i.iiicc 727 miles, H^ to Imild.

Rout" X.. ', follow- th" *', !' !,'y to Hull and ihellce by the
Gatineau Vailev K'ailwav lo Giac"ll"l(l and theii<-e to Maniwaki. From
Maniwaki W"stwar.l it is the sam" as route \o b Ilighesi jumuiil
lOUO feet, total tliblance 7^u miles, 4-0 to build.

LUMBERING IN THE UPPER OTTAWA.

CHUTE. NEAR LAKE WAHWANACHI.

Route No tl follows the C. P. Ry to Hull aiul Ottawa, thence by the
P. iV P. Ry to Fort Coulontfo, thence by the valley of the Conlonge river
to Grand Lukf Victoria and from there westward it in the same us route
No.').

In 18l)3-t, I cxplor.d the C'oiilonjye rivi. from its mouth to its source
and also the couutry bctw<M'u there and Grand Lake Victoria and with
the exception of a f'W rocky points juttini; out here and there tilontf said
river, an easy line can b.- had there also, ilis^hest suminit 1000 feet,
total di tance 810 miles, 440 to build.

Uoiite \(i T fuU.iws the ('. 1'. Ky froui Quebec to Mattawa and
thence to (I'Tdnn Trek at the foot kI lake Temisc iininifue. thence along
River and lake des l^uin/.e to lake Abittibi and thenci' direct to James
Iky.

I followed ti»i.s route from llordou Creek ti> Abittibi iu 18'.>!) and had
previously surveyed most of the country on the Quebec side from
Mflttawa to lake des tjuinze and I must say that the region east of lake
Temiscaniingue is not an easy country to build a railway throusfh ; but
from lake des Qiiinze to lake Abittibi tiiere will be uodilR ulty. I cannot
say what the country may be like trom lake Abittibi dire«t to Ha nnah
I5ay, but on the route traversed by my party from Rupert llous*' to lake
Abittibi in l^'.'H no in.xurmonntable obstacles were encountered any
where.

1 have followed the Abittibi river from its mouth on the Moose river
about 20 miles above Moose Factory to its source and I am afraid that if
ever a railway i~ Imili in the direction of lake Abittibi, it would likely
follow the river valley Iroiii there to Moose Factory which would be
wholly out>ide of the limits of the province of (Quebec and therefore
unde^ierviiiir of iini<h ati.'ntiuii from ns.

The liiirliesi suiiiiiiii on this line is about "50 fvet and i'oUowing the
direct line from l;ike \l)itti!)i to Hannah Bay th'' total distance from
Quebec is lOOo miles. 3.V2 to liuild.

Reviewiiii;- the ililiereiit routes above desi ri'ied, route Xo 1 asacaloui-
zatioii roa.l take-, liisi place, liut ;i> part of i. future transcontinental
railwav svsiein, ilv i i>la.e niiist lie siveii to route Xo 2, and for the deve-
lopment of luiuberiiiL,' industries, lirst i)lac.' must be. iriven tt) loute No 2
also.

Tlifi - Imt ujiM.i!icl It'll, r liiiiliiT ill til'' Si Mauri..' liuNiii tliiiii in
that ■'( III'' t'liiuiioii.li.Miiiu an.! I>y i"i!<>\viii'_r <l<>\vn iln' M.'ki».im riv.r
t(il;ik.' MaiiiLMiiii, ill til.' liiiilcr .)!' ill.' Nutiaw.iy l(a>iii irav.rs.'d l»y rout.'
No 1 .111 li ll'.at • I ..r (liiv'ii (l.'wii ami laj.;. .1 l>y r >ut.' No - at lli.'.sai«l
lak.' Malaizaiiii.

Til.' ( lij f .ilij.'. lioii'. :.> roiii' - Nos ', t, ■'). •> aii<l 7, apart I'r.ini ili.'ir
iii.T .as.'d I'l^iaii..', is tlia' tli.v i>a«- t -" i ir \v.>l to .1 v. l.'p ill'' r^ ><mr.-.'S
of :iiiv 1 'ill 11 w.irtli >|>.'akiiiir ol I'M tli. IIiuImhi l!ay «-l.>i>.' williiiitlu'
liniii.> ..r.nir |>r.>vin.-.'.

ill il -tai;, ■• rout." N." 2 lias ili.- a.h aiiiau-.' ov.-r all lli.' olli.'i'.s iw

foll.Ws

IJ.iui" \i> 2 is

I'l.'l

mil

'■^

iM't''

• tliaii N'.

. 1

m;!

'•

• t

170

-'-':'.

."i

.!■'>'■'>

'•

1 \.'.

•'

Oft' itirs '. if til ' iim li I ilk"l "I' !'■ •Itr'akiiiu' sl.-uu rs .'ouM k'"'ii tli.-
Sai>-ii.'iiay il.'ar a I'.'W HI iiil'is l(i!i'^-. U.ml" N" 1 .'.nil iiiu ■.! t. I la ' ihil
Hay w.'iil'l lak' tii<t i>la-'' a- r.'u ir.U .li^iaii. ■■ aii.l liav' tli.' .loiihl.'
ailvaiiia:,'.' >>{' iiaviii'.' I w'o - '.tji.iii -.'Jn It ■■■ .ni.l lla ' lla ' I! ly or Cliif utimi
iiisi 'a.l ol Hilly oil ' mil I II • oUj.' li III i!(l.' siiiii nils l>'i\v 'ii (^ii 'li ■■ ami
Lak.' Si .loliii woiiM I).' av.ii.l'.l lor ill.' <ir:viir_' of !i"avv I'r. iirlns Imt
owiu'^ to its ■r.'oirraplii. al |i.i.>ili(iii. no point ii.'ar lla I lla' bay can .'V.'r
bt'.'oiii'' III >iiiporiiim for w st hoiiU'l Iriiixiit ami trains .1 'liv.'riii'.' ihf
br.'a.l-iuir> of til'' No'tli-\V"st ill. -v. ini'^lit ofi.'ii li iv.' t.i r.'lnrn .'inpty.

1 si'.' 1)/ til.- rr.'-silii! ill ■ I (iitario t lov.'rii'ii lit iiit 'inl-^ piishin!» a
railway nortli'AMr.l from Toro.iio in vi w 'if r.'a.'liimi .lain.'s Day and no
doubt th'V will, nnl"ss w' .an tak.' lli" I'ld fmni <ia -I).'.'.

Oil" tliiiiir is ir'rtain tliat no railway will ever r.'ai'li .laii.'s Hay
williDUt substantial aid lioni both l.ioal ami f.'d.'ral :.'ov.rnini'n;s and thf
sp.'.ial advanta._''.'S of tli.' lo.'ation of liii.s N.is 1 vS: -J in \ i.".v of th-ir
bi'iiiir .•oniinu.'d to the I'a. iti.' as ab>vi' iiidi.at.'d should .iirst substantial
aiil iroin tho (lov'rnin.'iit offin-at Itrilain also. Th>' C. 1* Ity following
Fo 'dose to th" Unitt'd Stat.'s fronti.T, mifjht in las." of ho^tiliti.-s bi'tWi.n
(irt'.it Hritain and our southt'rn miijhb.iurs b.- brok«u up in a doz.'ii pla'es,
whilt' tli-f direct line froin Qii.-b'c to tht* IVu.iJ llivcr and tln'nf' to th.^i

oriitiui; A

Ptttilic .on>t wonld I).' Irom L'")0 to HOO mil.'s from thf I'r.jiUier. f.
uaf' inland bakhon,. to ihi- country.

No Hii-h ars^uni.Mitx :i-< th.- lilt r can »».• hn.uifht in favor of the

P'"!""*'''' ' "* rr.Mii Tor. 111., and Saull St Muri.- to r.-iu-h Jam -h Bay : on

th.'...ntr:»ry. th.s.' linos \v..uld liiv.'ili' t.-nd.Mi.y t'j div.rt to N.-w-Vork
thft ad.' that should n ituially .oin ; I., f'anadia'i Torti. It .x!i .uM not
bi' I'nrjfoit.'n thai at Toronto you ar.- ».(ill n.Mrly as lar inland as J m. -s
I'.uy il-.M". :;:Js mii.-s Ironi Moutfai, ov.t »U'I niil.-s Ironi X.-vv-York and
upw.ird f)f :, H) i,ii|,.s from <iul)'.' on ih.- shortcut p.stili!.' rout- h-tW'.'U
Toronto and ih" iMin.i.iMn njark Is and as lor snpplyinif th.- N.-vv-York
intrk ts with any i.iodu.l oj ih.- .lain-s or Undson Hav n-irinn, tho

disi

tn '.' vn

lit

and tin- >|n«'l»i' Central and C'fiitral Vonno it

Uail\vay> woiilcl h ■ al.out nn >liort ns any line that can lh« had mu Toronto.

TaM.' sho\\ iiii; disiiiii, . .. l,y ih.' diir-r.-nt r.iti'.s I'roui (im-b-.-tt
ooniini.ii point at souiIi.tm .xliviniiv of .Tmn.-s Ijay.

lUiilt. To build T<.tal.

Xo 1 <iul),-'. 11.'. .val, Wa.u-mi

.lames I'liv.

aii'l

No 2 (in.bfc, iiiv.T .leannott •, Lai

o •.

Kik'-iidal<
.hiHU's l!av.
Qil.'l

M.'kisiin, Matairinii

IHjU.

and

) '>■. < ir.iu

1 I'il.

IW I

V'T,

Lakes IJasikaioiiir, K:tk'biini^a, 'rraml
Lake Vii luria. Mekisean riv.r and James

15ay

\o » <iud>-.'. Mtiitril. St J rom •, Labellt

Kakeb

(irand L.ik

laniwaki, isakehonira,
Vietoria, James I!ay

No", (iuebee. Hull. Ottawa, Manirtjki, Kak '
l>on!;a, < irand lake Victoria, Mekiscan
riv.-r iV James Hay

No (I <in'i).'e. Ottawa. Iliver Coulonir ■, (rrand
lake \'i. loria, M.'kis.'an river and James
Hay

No 7 (iueb.'f, Ottawa, .Niattawa, Teinisc a-
minijue, Abittibi and James I.iv

1:l

4:J0

-180

>45

tJi'2

tUO

•-'49 1

478

727

:^IjO

420

780

370

440

810

154 S

352

1000

?•

In I'onidusion I would respeetfally refer the reader to a speech
delivered in the House of Commons, Ottawa, a few days w^o by Mr.
Charlton M. P. for E. Norfolk, (.hitario, wher- in among other tilings he

MKROCOrr MSOUITION TBT OMIT

(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)

i /APPLIED IM.'CE Inc

1653 Cosl Moin SIreal

Rocheslvr. N«« Vorh 1*609 USA

(716) *82 - 0300 - Phone

(716) 288-5969 -Fan

disapproves of sinking money to dig a hole in the bottom of lake St
Peter while we have a natural port 100 miles n.urer the seaboard where
the largest ships in the world c;ui ride safely at anchor.

The whole humbly submitted.

I have the honor tn be
Sir,
Your obedii'ut Servt,

IIKXKY O'SULLIVAN

I) L. S. Mem. Can. Soc. C. K.
lusp. of Surveys, V. Q

Lorette, P. Q.. 19th Mar.h, 1901.

Honorable Adkf.ard TuR<tEON,

Minister of Cnlonization and Mines,

Quebec.

Sir,

??ince the above was written the debate on the transportation ques-
tion was continued in tlie House of Commons at Ottawa, in the course of
which, much vduable information was elicited, therefore in accordance
with tlie followinsj pavai^raph of a lett(!r .iddressed to me and bearini? date
the fitli of February last, containing amoi.g other remarks the followiu!?:
*' C'e rapport k mon avis, devra coiitenir ile forts arguments en faveur du
trace par Quebec, et il importerait de n'en pas trop retarder la publica-
tion, .si le "t'ourrier du Canada," No du 81 Janvier queje vous envoie est
Men renseigne, (sigiie) S. Dufault, Assistant-Comraissaire." Of course the
object of the letter above mentioned was that 1 should explain in my
report the advantages offered by a railway from Quebec rather than from
Toronto or any other western point, for the develojiment cf our northern
territory under description in the foregoing pages; but as that develop-
ment is so intimately roniiect.'d with the development of the port- of
Quebec, as will be fully understood furth -ron, I may be allowed to make
a few quotations from the Ottawa Hansard of th.' idth April last, and
offer a few remarks on this all important transportation question.

In the course of the debite. Honorable Chas Fitzpatrick. Solicitor
General and m -inber for the eouuty of Quob.'c. spoke as follows :

" I want to say here that I with all other Canadians believe in the
future prosperity of Montreal. I. in c.mxmou with all otner Canadians,
cannot help realizing that Montreid is the grett eommereial metropolis of
this Dominion, and that no harm ean come of the city of Montreil that
does not r.'salt in hirui to th ' wliole Dominion of Canadi hlverything
that can further tin- progress of that great city is near and dear to us all.
Hut, Mr Sp 'ik"r. w>' d ) not advain- • ourcuise by sliurtmg our eyes to
the fact that the jiort >>[' Montreal iiis limitations. Up to the present time
the port of Montreal has b.'iMi tr.-ati'd as th • national port of Canada ; yet
90 per cent of our products go lioui Montreal to the American seaboard
to be carrii'd thence across the water to liurope. We cannot overlook that

fact. Wf must r.'aliz.- tlmt up to th" pn'.N'Ut time, lor oil.- n'asoii or
another. Molltr.^•^l has n<n iii,t th- dcinuiids iiiiul • upon it ; and th.- n'snlt
has hfcii tliiit Moiitri'al has n U h.'.'U ouriiatioiial i) )rt, liiit tiial Torilaud,
Boston, and Vcw York hav h ■en our national j>ort> " ■ '

•■ It is idle to shut our .'V'- to i li -s • I'l.Ms. Tlh'a. th.- i-on litious ar.'
such tliat you raunot ^r •! to that rity vi-ss.'N su •'! as you slioull hav- if
vou lui'aii to conipi'tc witli rortlaiid. i>o>ton and Nrw V..rk

Now, 1 am not goiny to i.avr my own opinion i<n lliat snl)i.<t ; I
am ar'iinir to <^\\ to l!i • ilou.-- th.' oi)ini(.n d' Mr > fud, uni' of tlir most
proinincnt .stt'amshii> imii in Montreal, and one wlio lias lnvii id.Mitili.'d
with thi> stfamshii) hr.sin.ss th''r ■ i'-n- many vtvirs. What do w.' lind Mr
Ill-lord sayinif in a hti.-r writt.Mi io tlic Cloh' of tin' :2yril of March last ?
He gay : "

" At iiKiiiy |iiiiiit-. lictwixn .Mi.uticiil .imi (,Jiii'l)i <.-, ^inil tlioi' tlir lacjst il.tiimMiiusDiifs
•' wlK'it; tlif iiiriiMit is stroin^i'>t, tli<' ship (•liimiii I is only .■50( fopt wide, witli a mi imIIiiI
" clt-iilii (it tHciity-.-t'Vfn fi-ft, wliiili, li iwcvir, is nut at tiiipi's to liL-(li'|icn(icil u|iiiii owiii^'
" t<i liduldfrs ,111(1 oilici' ipi|ic.lrii(nts iji tlic cliMhiicl. Tlic i-iiri'i'Mt (ill .iliridst tlic (•ntii(^
'• ruiitc l)(t«(^eii M.'tria' .unl On, lin- is swilt, ,il places cxccciiintiiy tdrtiKnis. ainl :i
" stc.iiiH-r ^lilinu fi'ii-- .\!iiiU" ■; witii ,i lull (.ari; • is in c'liis'.int (1 iii^cr, inviii': li her
" iii.-iliility Id auiliMi at iiny ■■ i '\.r nar'niu pail> iif t 1k' ii\ i'|- slioiiM >lii iiici't t'dij', .sti>i-ii or
'• SHOW, or any ai-cidi-iit <r,;, \n- ' . lur ma. Iiinciy. lur-iiis'' she can nah ahclior safciv tniin
" litfi- l)ow, ami not liavin.' iomi,, |,, >\mi:l: uitli the (.iirifnl. woiil I certainly i;o a-liore,
'•ami if iiioi-e than ;!oil feet in l.-n^fli coniii co hplftdy 'ijock tlir cliannel for", il ni.iy 1«-,
'•an unknown pel inl. It tni-lit, in.leed. .iccuf tli.it tlie only way to get i id .if muIi .an
•• olistriiction witli .-i \e,sil, ^.ly .'iijO feet Ioiil;. niii^lil 'le the lilowiiii; up of the \es,el.'

■■ Th Ti'lbro you hiv.- to r.-aliz ■ th ii 1 ■ i Inn,' to Mouir.'al you have a
channel that is not (juit-^ -27 f-d d •■■;), and that doos n )t excci'd -10 ) foe't
in width I do not say thit th ■ p ■o;)l.' of this ouiitry iniy not I) • will-
ing to make a ..•liiau ■! (>iiabli:iaf a •»- «ss(3l dr.iwi ig :;il I," 4 to g.t t a Mon-
treal —not only to d.ed(,f • out the ch inii'l, hat to wid 'U aad straighten it ;
but if the pcDplc of this country ar.' prepared to do ih.u, l"t them rjalizc
beforehand wliat it in.^ans. liealize that if you an; •^•na<j: to dig a ch inntd
betW(.''n (Quebec iind Montreal, it must accominodiiti' v.vssids whicli. if
you are to compel' with Xew Yo.k and Itoston, will draw 33 feet of
water. In winter, lor instanc, you have your o-.^od; at M> Ureal; whit
will you do with them ? Vou cannot keep th.nn ther ; ; you must get
them out of Moiitr.'al to the market in Kurope. How ari' you going to
reach that market ? "

Many interesting speeches were made pro and ron, but th'! whole
<iebat(» boiled down miirht b- put in i nutshell a« follows:

If the natural ;iJ\':inti!».-s offr.Ml by thi' port of Queb.'c, nr<j appre-
ciated as tln'V >!ioul(l 1> • by ih- p'.>pK' oT i.'uiiad.i, th' bulk of th<' trade
of onr country, and a ^n.^t put ol'th.; I iiiti-.l Stato:*, with the I'Mroppan
mark. 'ts will r>!l.» V ill.' Sunt Lawr •uo." rout.'. ■! if not it will goby
N. w York, r.uston and I'ort'and.

Ni'W Yolk is now di'.? lyin^' h t iiarbor to a d -ptli of forty feet, with
a I'liiinn '1 2, "0 f • ■! wid-to th • o,).';i si-a Th'- .'.stini it.'d cost on the
start was §10,000,00 i but ,n ill prob.ibiliiy it will t.ost $Ji>,000,000 b-fore
it is finislu'd.

Our s )Uth -rn n"ii;!il) >i< ar..' n )t alru'd to sp''nd inoiu^y for i)io de-
VflopiniMt of tht'ir coiniry. Last s.'ssion thi^ Uiiiti'd States fonurrcss
voti' I iilly millions of iloUar.s '!«i'iO,o.i i, i.nij, fur river and harbor iniprove-
niftits.

Kvid-'Mtly W' ni'isi b-stir ours Iv.-s if w.- want to keep p»c«« with
Ihcni.

It w I- said dnrin;;' the debate tht! the channel from Quebec to
Mo:!tre;il Would 1)-' dre{l'_ d tn a depth ol thirty feet and a width of six
hundred I -et at an esliinii.il eo-t of t ivo million dollars.

1 an afraid thai lik • New York ihi> lirsi estimate is rath'r low

As a ineinb -r of th- Canadian Sieieiy of Civil Enii'ineers I am not
afraid t'( risk my r -pai iPon in saying thii to mik' an<l maintain a
channel iKji f,.ot wide and ;;0 feet d -ei) clear of (distruetim b-lwcn
Qu>'bee and Moiitr.-al ii will eost duubli' that amount,

r>nt this is noi ihe (pie^ii.iu wheili-r it is to cost two or f.ur millions,
the question is ^v'll it b • am;il • wii 'u doU'J ?

I say i)Ositiv''ly no !

Unless we hav" a d pth of 40 f'et. with th • increasini:? demand for
largi'r o.ean lr<'iif!it-carryinii' vessels, w • eannot ooinpet- with the port of
New York, and thrf trib' will ij;o there n twithstandin;^ our shortening
of ilistanci .

At a meeiimf called at the suirgestion of Hon. Mr DobtU and held at
the Quebec Harbor Commissioners rooms a few days ago, attended by our
most trustworthy pilots and other men of experience, it was admitted on
all sides, that it would only cost a fille. comparatively speaking, to have
a 40 foot chinnel of ample width from Quebec to the ocean at low tide.

It is uoedK'ss to say that a 40 font .•h..ir.jt»l between Quebec and
Montreal is i.npractifablo.

Queboc has Ihrof mih's along hor rivt-r fronl with a dt'pth of 40 foot
and upwards whiTc no public money was ex fr spent, in i'aot we hare
ten miles or more From Fointi' a ("arey to Cap Rouge and beyond, iac-'ig
the main channel where the depth is t'n.m tiO to loO feet. Of course the
same can be had on the l^evis or opposite sid«', and if more is re(|uired,
the St CMiarles Valley might be easily dredgeil, with frcii-'ht sheds v,u
either side ; thus olfering within ii r.idiU'^ of live mil '•< -.b " I ty miles
of available frontage, in I'aet the capabilities of Queb.-r as a shipping port
are unlimitei'.

llefetring iigain to tiie hansard above tnenlion-d we find that, at
certain sasons, vi-ssels of over :J") ft 'I in. draught are not allowed to
leave the |)ort of Montreal.

We i.ave now loading at the Commission ts Wharf, Queb.'c, the ss.
" Indian " of the Leyland Lin.', and as she is booked to sail about the
beginniiiir of June with the largest cargo that ever went down the St
Lawrence the following notes kindly given me by her commander,
captain Henry I'aniel may be of interest :

Total length '>00 ft.

Width •')7 "

l>ei)th 43 "

Carryinir lapaeiiy 13.3.>'. tons.

Average speed lo.iied, 12 knots or about 14 statute miles per hour.

Total crew including c;iptaiu •"»•') men.

Comi)are this with the " Mexican ", another of said Company's ships
that loaded heie a lew d.iys ago.

Capacity o.OOO tons.

Number of Clew •>'• men.

The cai)acily of ll," Indian is over 2J times that of the ?slex=can and
it only retjuivcs live haiuls more to run Ik r.

It will thus be seen that u here these oc." m monster;! ea!i go no small
craft <-an co'ripete with thein. This accounts for the lov.ering of cost of
transport fro i Xe\v York to Liverpool from $8. 40 pe> ton in 1871, to
$2.40 per tor in 1S'.)8.

Where the " Indian" is now loadinj? therj in 31 feet of water at low
tide, and the captain suys that they will load her to 30 ft draufrht ut stern
and 28 ft drauarht at h-jw. About 1.^,0)0 tons of cargo.

The Indian was built ut Belfast, Ireland, lat-t year (1900) and the
Mexican was bniiiat Harrow in > ,rnt'ss,Kn!,'land,about 1892. The M«xican
cost-* ilSS.OOO and the Indian i;99,000.

The horsepower of the InJian is 3000

Mexican 1800
Draught of Indian 30 ft

" Mexican 25 ft .5 in'
iilpeed of Indian i2 knots loaded
"Mexican 10 "

The Mexican burns 37 tons of c^al per day and the Indian 58.

The '• Oreat Kastern " measured ti92 feet long 83 ft broad and 24 feet
deep.

Evidently modern ship building guided by the experience of the
past calls for vessels of deeper draught.

The White Star line has now the ss. Celtic about to sail from
Belfast and the Ruiiic on the stock.s there, of 34 f.ei draught each, and
carryinii capacity 18OO11 lons ; about 2 00 tons more than the Crreat
Eastern.

These two ships are about 4000 tons bigger than the Oceanic their
last new mail and passenger ship, and the Cymric, a freight vessel, and
carrying lOii first class passeuger.s a.s well, launched about t>ightccn
mouths agi), and were the wonders of llie worl.l at the time

It has unf.irtunately been th<' rule to m-asure th" capacity of the
St Lawrence route by what can be done at Montreal, and this is why
said route is only -onsidered available for sx or .seven mouths of the
year while it is well known that we h.iv.j at least nine montiis if not all
year roun 1 navigation from Quebec. Certainly when the pi. r> of the new
brid<'<', now in course of eonstructiini over the St Liawrence river are
built there will be no trouble ill keeping our port open all winter, and
the prol)lem of winter navigation in the gulf ot St ..awreiue may be
solved in the near future also.

Our fi.^t Atlantic service has be. mi hansriiis- lire for a doz -n years or
more and many reasons have b.-eu given tor ilie delay. l)Ut if I may
venture to speak the truth, the chief reason is that vesselsof the ueoessary
capacity canu.'t go to Montreal. I'ossibly we may have to wait until the
channel is deepened !

Thi' Iwo million dollar e^timatw Tor lliat purpi.*.- in in my opinion
only tlu> Hinall end ot'th." wedcr.', and lor <in'bL'0 it is iin unfortunvte
Wfdi?.', its smull end diverts the curr.-ut «»!' tradi' of our country tovwirds
thi) Unittul Statt's ports, and its but end block ■« the Saint Luwr.'nce route-
Some will Nay '• Where is the use of tiilkuiir of fjuobec > you tanuot
get the Ireiglit there elf., etc."

What is there to hinder th> .anal b.iats aud r.iihvays from bringing
freight to Qu-jbei- as well as to Montreal (

Surely it is not the ditfer.iice of 1(30 milis ..n sutli l-vel railway lines
Hs we have on botli sides of the Saint Lawrence, that would make freight
trains loaded in the w'.'st, and alter eoverinvr Ihaunands i>f miles of rougher
roadways <top short before reachini,' Quebec.

I et the railways and canal boats hive th'- savings that would be
made liy th ' <• eaii sce.nm^rs making tliree or four trips more of a season
from Qu bee, an I it would make a miifhty big paying freight rate on
thtir liii's between Quebec and .Monir-al.

The sailiiiL; enift of th' wli.le atlanti.' sea biard, and of the world
for that matter, can come to Qii -U.' ■ wilii uiifarled sheets, b \t they inust
be towed to .Montreal

I ap;v'al to tli'' r -pr.'s Miiaiiv.'s ..f t!i ■ Dinniiiion at larg.', from Halifax
to VaiKouver. to t-';.' au imp ir; i.ii view of tlie matter, and ih.'y must
derid'' ill favor

Y,.s, let lb- vreiie.' r'>nti' b ■ impr-.v.' ' and i'iiuii)p •(! on the

sani.' s.-a!.' as t \v \- k. whiili ciu I) • <lone at coinpMrativfly

small I o>i fioii '^11 ■r).'c III t' M.'caii, and willi a .^liori •!! wj: of >ix or
^evl■n liiuidr.d itiiU-s in our lavor, rv-'ii 'h.' ureat city of N'W York,
which tlie iiMie i.aus are proud :o .all ihi- • lluli"or tlu' world, shall
not l.uii: <ini> rip lis iii ili' rai'.' fir >up,i!yiii'4 the ■•iirop mm mark ts
witli ill ■ brcadstnllN ol our .ountry.

l'i>s<i})ly soiii ■ (jf ill.' ah )V' re.aark< ni ly !»• .•.)nsi ler-d a too wide
diirr.sM..ii fnv.n th orliiiary ILdd or scop.- o| a r.'i)ort lik" this; but the
dev.'lopm.-nt ol'tli.' firevi ami luin.'ral w.mUIi of ilu' north Tn r."j-inis of
our province, und r d-'siriptioii, [■> so iniimat.'ly coiun'ct'd with and
dep.'ii(l"nt on tin' dev elopni'Mit ..f ih.- port ofQu.^b'.- thit .said arguments
cannot be consiJ.red as whollv out of pla e. TIkt.- are in th ■ Province of
Quebec, north of the St Lawr.'ii.'.- and the Ottawa, roughly sp.'akiug,
about •28'>,00*l sijuarc nii!''s of nns.-ttled lands.

Draw a line north westwar 1 from Qm-Wr at riifht angler to the
if.'n.'ral courie ofthj St Luvrenotf from Moiitrfiil to H.-lliHle, and it will
»>.' found thiU mori. than !wo thirds of thiw ami lies .-n.st ofsu.h line and
less th:ui on.' third west of it : th.'r foro any shippini^ point «ituaed at
any disliinee w.'st of Qu.-b.-c is m) much th.' mor.- out of ih.- way.

T.)-d!iy a goodly portion of tin- pulp products of the lumbering
r.'srion«ofthHSaint-Mauric., an- shipp-d westward to Montreal, thcnco
southward to Xcw York and thenc eastward to Liverpool and London.
Mow mucli more miglit the s^overnment realize for the timber on the
stump if the products were shipped dir. ctiv from Quebec? Even the
cheese aud butter of the Luke St John and Sa-ruenav districts are sent
westward to Montreal, to ba shipped in the same n,uud about way.

Tnless the axiom is wronj? that tlie value of raw material in the
held where it is found, is wh it it can b. .old for in the market less .-..st
ol production and delivery. I think it In-comes the duty of our local
gov. rinn.'ut to wat.h with inter.'st the oscillations of this transportation
qu'stion.

The thousands of square uiilo of spru vered lands extending

from the settlem.„ts skirtiuir the Haint Liwrene northwarl to James
Hay. and to th' norl hern limit of the province at Kasi Main Kiver are

amon^r the most valu.ble of the ass-ts of • iaeial Government, 'and

lor ilieir developnient no stone should b' left untur.i,.d to .secure the best,
shortest, and cheapest means of transport.

This is pn.l.al.ly the l;,st re,,„rt I may have t'-e honor of addre.ssin<r
youuMnydnef for in an.th -r mouth -ur dep.irtm -nt of colonization
and .nin..s will be .b.l.she.l a,,! I xvill have to serve under a new master.

.\llow me before conchidiii- to sincerely thank you for the manv
a.tsol kiii.liie-s which I have reeeive.l at vonr liands, and for the o-onc-
rousconlidence with which I have b -en favored ever since vou became
hciiil ul the dei)art!neiit.

Trustin- that I have not b-en unworthy of thai ooniidence,
I have the hoiior to bf,
S;r,
Vour obedient servant,

HKXRY OSULLIVAN,
D. L. S. & C. E.

Inspector of Surveys, i'. Q.
Mem Can. Soe. C. E,

Glen«,'aritl', :.9th May. litOl.

ADDKNDA

IJi'U'iii'liiiLr ifi'" dfi'dijiui,' if th>' ihuiiihl tii'lu'i'i'ii <Jiifli!'i' \\\\>\ Moii-
ir>>:il. iiiiMitioiit'd nil p!i<;>' T'l, I '.vInIi tn say thtit if suid ('hiiiinttl is
Hiraiuhtt'ii'-d, liroiiil'iied and det-pfiH'tl, as prrjpdscrl iii ordiT to compi-to
wilh th< I nif'd Maitn porln, its i'll<'i t> iii. , li. .s<rii>a> in lowiT ly tho
wtitcr ill thi' piirt nt Montn-al

\\ \s wi'U known lliai a>< ordinir as tlir iinintryaloni.' tin' Si LHwrt'iiCf,
Wv'Hiwaid toils soiirr". liMi.ui-s I'li'ar.d ml s.'ttl"d, tin- surplus wiitiT
Ijo.vsotl lastt^r ill spriiii.' , and tin- im r-'asi'd aiiioniii of .'vaporation ill
suniiini, dut' to till' >ainf 'viust'. tui,'«'tlii'i with tin d.-frnion of u jjf.odly
poiti 'U oT its w itiTs by tin' Cliiiaun 'Mnai, wliicli accordinu' to ('li''vali<T
IJailiairiTf is ti<)0,<M)o t uliir tcct per luiiiuti', or in<»r«' tliiin tlirt'f p'T t-t'iit ol
ilic ls,()!iti.ni)0 I'uhic fii't il.iwiiiirovfi Niagara, has inadf a vt-ry pi-rcptible
ditiiTi'iiciv in Mif How ol that miifhty riviT, in tlry siMsoiig now, towards
what il nsi'd to 1)1' 111 yi'ars •.'■oiif hv

Tims it mialit happi-n that afti r millions would havi' hccn spoilt on
•■niaiu-iiiir thi' I'lianU' ! lli'- Montv-jil wliarvi's would h'' iiiarfis<ibli' lor
!in\ kind of stji <roiii r \ --'I.-, ami tin' who!.- haihoi' Would hav to h'
ilui;" "Ut ai»am or ■!>■ i il i a woald haV'' to !> • huilt.

This is :i pu'sth ii i il ill -\\ oinnioii should 1«' Wfll W'mhi'd by
iht* lii'_di">i ' nsiih.'criht' aiiih
serious I'xpi'iiditurc of pnhlif !.

ics h, ihi' Dominion, hd'on' any t'lirthi-r
ii'V 1^ made thenon.

il we want to iMinp.i- '
li.v>imiiu!» '

As alrt'udy s;iid i he i.u .
with any ordinary How ol iid
liv> ly sp'akiiiLT, to lix t'l.' ••h;!
lowest staire of tide.

h r ^ ;i.'Hs we should h.'trin by the

— II. til.' W<ni'l eali I'onie to Queln'C

I would only ..»st a trifle lompara-

- • that they iniijhi i -me and iro at the

IIKMJY osl'LLU AN.

C E.

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txISTINO RAILWAYS SHOWN THUS
i PROJECTED " " "

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