CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICIMH Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1QQ/I K Technical and Biblioflraphic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Feature* of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur D I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restauree et/ou pelliculte D □ Cover title missing/ Le titre n de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes gtographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or Mack)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure D n Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties tors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmees. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplementaires: L'Institut a microf iimi le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut- " n to sii|>]>ly sonic few rcsidi'iici'S lliiit iii'c clcvatod lace Mh. JvEEFEii proposes a Reservoir of about thirt}^ (30) acres. This slioilld ')(' i;';hI<' hiT'^i'i' I"! l'aciii';ihie lo do |I • •ari'v (-Mt t!iis vi"w I) nia\' not h )'.■■■ -'.t ;t w Mi'i-aiitiil)le ( \j)ense. T o voirs would he (ii;i|ei-iall\- iiiei-eaj o| stitra";e Hie exjiense of |! eser ir I ''<'|"e!':i! . lorau'e of siirll ice all avei'a.irc ol' superior 1 1 1 1 1 i r roni the pi-e h'l'red lli;;i i^-^ 'diiiM' I'cinarks the opiiiiou will he in- I" cxjKMise will h(> ■voirs o! uT CMli a!'\- lo mako ili S SOI ■|("«'liv a\ ai.'ahl hi '"'dcr to e.Miuale the excess, d.:Mailed siirvevs sjioiild '"' '"=•''' ^^i"' i''i^ view Oi the i:i:i,i. All ihatcaii he said a I ih is I i 1 : 1 e , 1 1 e > ,■> vcrv material. will prohahlv he n his e>!iiii; Ali Mill ami Walt i\i;i:Fr.;i; leav(>s (Mit the co;"illi oi oi-.-uj»,!tii»n, as eiji Til lal to 74 poriioii, heiiiu' iiiosily iiiioceiipied, i ! I ^' f. 6 niiMiot licoljiTcjit Viiliic. Almvc tlif |»Miiit (»r(M'('ii|»;iti<»ii. I'lj-'jilcstoii's KiM'tory. on Cold S|iriii,ir. .^IkhiM Wc tjikcii. jiikI ;i portion ol' tlic riillortlio IJiinit Mill,iil Anciistcr. Soiin' other \v:itrr riulit-i will prohiililv Ix- iilVcctcd l»v tile llc.vcrvoirs. A system of euiniieiisiilioii. iis siin-- «r»'ste(l \>y Mit. Kkkfki!. iiiiiy lie priK tiejilile ;is ii iim:iiis of juljiistiiiii' these ri^lits lor the iiin-l |t:ii-t, (exeept where ill! existiiiji iiiipro\ emcnl must he Ijikeii up.) To (leteriiiiiie this more e.\teiHle(l nii;i|ziii«i's will l»e iieeessary. This phiii of eompeiisjitioii will.iit best, he <'omplient(Ml ill (lesion, jim I will re(|iiire jitteiitive super- vision ill iiminteiiiinee — both orwhieh it is desirahlet** avoid. With present inrormatioii. it is not |M»ssihle t<» say wliat this water and mill qii(>sti(ni mav amount to. Mxperiem (' shews that the litiuation on such points hetween eorporations ami individuals has not heeii lavorahle to the loriner. This has proliahly deterreil Mil. Ki<;i;i'i;i{ from ma ki 11^2: an <'stiniate. In this case the item is sup|)os(Ml to hear a greater ratio of import- ance to the gviieral (|uestioii tlian is usual in such eii- tcrprizes, and, therefore, the uneertainty is emharassinu'. in otlier resjiects, Mk. Kkki-'ku's estimate ai»|»ears sat- isfaetory; and, in relation to the jtoints above diseussed, lie may dispose of one of them on more full surveys; while the other must remain subject to the best con- jectural estimate that may be made, after investijiatiou of Water and Mill rights. Two i)laiis for obtaininu' water by pumpinu' have been presented l»y Mr. Kki:fer — one from Burliiiuton Bay — the other from Lake Ontario. In providing- for his /arii-cr sui)\)\\\ the cost of tlie plan by Lake Ontario, he makes. — Forty-two Thousand Five Hundred l*ouiids (£42, 500) ,ureater than that by Burlin.ubm B>ay: and. for the sinailer supjily. — Twenty-one 'J'housand Pounds (.£21,OnO)c;,.o.,t..r TI,(.,,M:,|i,v „r (|,, ^.l,.,- i h "■""-' '"■ l""lil"- •>!■ v,.,..|„|,l„ i,„|,„n(i,. -li,,:! «Tliiiusi.iis(,„s.,ftlic v,.„i' rr,.,.i, "'■■"'"''' ■" .,1.1,, T 1 ■'•'"•'"" I lllc Mil iTInidvcil'. "•n,t.,r|„-,„.|i,,,| U'MsM tl„. ..■,.,,,.,■.,1 1 ' any l«u« ,-o„,i„„,„| .,;.i„j :,''"' ,»""■'•'"'■ n.<.,t against p,„„pi„« ,-L ,„. ]..,,:,.•";;;'; vvould ,avc.(o.ir.nk,nswal«r wl.ic-h ,„,„t be ,„o.-„ ,„■ stantly llovvni- „,|„ it (•„„„ t|,„ (,■ "" reasonable objection «„,, it nn,st b.oL. , ^.'.'V: ni::!;:tt:''r'"'"'-^'/'r"'™''''''>''"-""'i-i'ti tlie stroel., and aronnd the wliarves becomes ii-e.,to,. aa sewers (tbe con.s,.,,nen..e of a eopionss ,;,;,: ue bo aecided m a city watomil Kv « * ~ .et „a,t its winJvesitrtanVi r r^r tne now of the street waA.ngs. But Burlington Bav ha no such advantage : no current passes through fe waters; and a earefnl examination of the Ke,,o"tf a' th the objections to its use are well founded now ' must become more decided every year Tt . . , recommended for your nurnose, fn^'t ? "' ^^ ferior qualitv when nure wf , ^^ ™'"'' "'''"■ -wsihatthew:;;r:;rBreo^tl::-.et":s :''.V ,1 , ,7i matter, ai}<], probably, is sol'tor lliau that of tbe Lake. This may ])c', and the water still lu' !i\()i'(M)l)j<.'cti()uable for drinking and for culinary puri)()se;s. Mu. Kkefer has veiy well discussed the inllueuee upon cousuuiers, of water taken fi-nm sources (tf d(Hibti'ul purity, even tlionu'h the mind might not he sibie tosatisfy itself hilly that the influence is, in reality, very material, ruder tlie circumstances, it does not appear advisable t()ad()j)t the Bay as asoru'cc of su[)]tl)'. This conclusion is more readily reached iVoni a (.'onvictioa that some luodiliea- tioiis will reduce considerably the excess of cost i)y the Lake plan. Mr. IvHEFicii seems to have had xcvy little time to examine ilie details of either {)lan of [)um})ing, and will, no doubt, be al)le to improve those suggested, and reduce the cost even on tlie H(!ale he has contem- plated. Before proceeding further, in regard to either plan, the question of qumtity should be exammed. it seems Mr. Keefeu was instructed to provide for a population of 50,0fJ0. For this he estimated 50 imperial gallons per da}' for each inhabitant, as the average for the year; and a maximum for the warm summer season of about 75 gallons per day. Authorities may be (juotiMl which sustain this estiunite. ]ji.it it is bivlieved to Ite high foi' such a city as Hamilton. A seaport town consumes a large (juantity of water in supplyhig vessels and steam- boats, wdiich would not be denumded in Hamilton. — Such towns as New York, lioston and Philadeli)Iiia, use large quantities of water in manufacturing estal)- lishments, and probably a much larger ratio than would be consumed in youi- city. A supply for domestic use and the extinguishment of fires, iU'e the i)rimary and indispeiisable objects. Next iu these coine the supply of manufactories, railway stations; watering sidewalks and H.S couteiii- 9 streets ; watering gar.lens and lawns ; supplying pnblic baths; and, when not too expensive, public und private fountauis. Private baths and water closets are re- garded as necessary for domestic use. When water is used hi a city, under pressure, it is easily obtained in profusion, for all purposes, by merely turning a cock ; consequently, the consumption will always be greater than when supplied by measure in tanks, at certain periods, as is practised in some Euro- pean cities; or than when raised by pumps, or trans- ported some distance. Again, if service-pipes and cocks are of liberal size, to give the supply promptly the consumption will be greater than if they were of smaller capacity, causing delay in obtaining what is re quired It would be an inferior plan that contemr,lated any other method than a direct, ply, under pressure; though this plan involves considerable waste which as yet, no effectual means have been found to J)i'event' In large estabhshments much has been done by water- metres to check this evil, and obtain more fully com- pensation for the water used ; but, for domestic use metres have not yet been adopted, nor does the.eseeni to be much confidence that this method can be bei.c- ficially applied in such cases. Something would be gamed by the use of smaller service-pipes, at the loss of corresponding convenience to the consumer- aiid rates could be adjusted on dilFerent sized pipes. ' No doubt more water is consumed in cases where the flow is by gravitation, and looked upon us abundant as in the cities of New York and Boston. A similar in- fluence is experienced in Philadelphia where water is obtained at less cost than in either of the two cities just named. Without going into detail, it may be stated, that up to Hi f: ,,'.?^ Ill 10 1845, the supply in Philadelphia seldom exceeded 30 gallons, as the average, and 40 gallons as the greatest daily amount for each inhabitant. By a statement in Mr. McElroy's proposition to your city, it appears that the average for 1853 was 40 gallons, and the max- imum 50 gallons. Thus, it seems that Philadelphia had gradually increased its consumption up to the year 1853, and that in 1854 its maximum was 54 gallons. — In that city, though water is obtained by pumping, it is cheaper than in New York or Boston. The works were erected at small expense, and the pumping is done by water power. The statement in Mr . McElroy's paper, that 90 g-allons is the maximum in New York, is believed to be an error. Take the last season, when the city contained (say) 600,000 people, at 90 gallons, the consumption would have been 54,000,000 gallons. The maximum flow of the aqueduct has, at no time, been over 35,000,000, or say, 60 gallons for each in- habitant per day. Of this quantity it is believed that full one-third is wasted. Probably no measures could prevent a large portion of this waste, if the water be used under pressure. In New York the consumption by shipping and steamboats is large, and this is an item that is not needed by towns situated on fresh water. — Very extensive manufacturing is carried on in both New York and Philadelphia, and in the former, from its situation on salt water, the Croton water is used for most of its steam engines, as well as for the general purposes of manufacturing. For the purposes of sub- stantial usefulness it cannot be necessary for the City of Hamilton to provide as high a ratio as for either of thObO cities. It may happen after water is freely in- troduced into your city that there may bo found a taste to use it for ornamental purposes, and thus equal the ratio of the large cities named above; but it cannot be necessary to set out your plan on so large a scale in the beginning, esoe Uy if you may look to adequate sources to enlarge > ur supply when it shall appear to be the mteix^st of your city to do so. Your citizens, no doubt, desire a liberal supply, and certainly an abundance of good water, under pressure, is a great blessing to all, especially to those residing in large and densely populated towns. In plans and calculations of this sort much depends on the facility and cheapness at which the supply can be had, and the undersigned re- gard your fticdities as reasonably favorable; but do not think they warrant your entering on the project with- out cautious consideration of financial responsibility - They therefore have arrived at the conclusion to recommend that the plan be based on an average sup- ply ot o5 gallons, and a maximum of 60 gallons per day; at the same time to keep in view such enlarge- ment as your city may desire, when this quantity sliall be deemed inadequate to its wants. If you regard this view as too cautious, you may at least rely on its beino- adequate to every substantial want. You will see by reference to Mr. Reefer's communication of Jmie, i«56, that his views of quantity required had under- gone a modification, and he suggested that material reduction m the scale of the works could be made, con- sistent With adequate provision for the present warns ot the city. In this discussion the imperial gallon is intended. TMs is the rule in New York. Boston has adopted the wine gallon, and Philadelphia the ale The average supply for a population of 30,000, on the basis above presented, would be 1,060,000 gallons per day, and 1,500,000 gallons for the maximum sup- 12 ply. This is equal to an average of 1 1 7 cubic feet, and a niaxinuim of 16G cubic feet per minute. To pass this (|uantity through an 18 inch pipe would require a velo- city, for the average supply, of l,o feet per second ; and for the maximum supply, of l,o feet per second ; and if the velocity be carried to 2 feet per second, it would be sufficient for the maximum supply of about 40,000 people. This last velocity is rather more than is de- sirable for the pumping main, but not materially objectionable. It is therefore proposed to put down 18 inch main pipes, which is ample for the present f)opulation, and will answer the purpose until the pop- ulation approivihes to 40,000, when a second main may be laid, either 18 or 20 inches, as may a{>pear desira- ble after the experience of the works shall demonstrate what nuiy be necessary. One 18 inch main, together with one 20 inch main, will discharge the same quan- tity, under equal head, as a 24 inch main. The cost of the latter will be about One Dollar and Eighty (1.80) Cents per foot less than the two former. The first (;ost of the 1 8 inch pipe will be over Two Dollars per foot less than the 24 inch main. The 18 inch main will be sufficient for probably twelve years or more, and the saving of interest on this difference will more than compensate for the difference in first cost. When it shall become necessary to have the second main this plan will be useful in other respects. In case of repairs on one of the lines of pipes the other will secure the sui)ply in the meantime, and an important p.dvantagc will be thereby gained, at no increase, as has been shewn, in the ultimate cost. To do the work proposed an engine of 100 horse- power will be sufficient: it will perform the duty for Mipi'O I" 1 ■ liours per day. It is u.lvisahlo to have a Reservoir as near (ho l>"ni|,sas .■Li-ca.ustanoos will ,,o,,„i(. t,„, ^|, , , at s,.ch hcghtas will cany Iho wato.- into Iho oltv at a proper olevation, Gro„,„| i., „ot ft,v„rat,k. lor this- ari.l a Rosorvo,r of moderate dimensions will have to be sul,m,,ted to. Mu. Kekp™ is ofthe opinion hat a .to may bo had n,ore favorable than the one whieh he l'.«lf a nnle, all cf wl,ieh h<. pointed ont in the recon- aoisan,... n,ade by the nn,l,.rsio.ncd, and the plan ap- peared (|nite feasible. The dist-mee IV,™ d, .0 the Reservoir will, problbl Tv ^^^J""! reennles. The growthofthea.y will be tov^ ds Ueservo,r, and a may be ,|„ite conv<.nient to have two .l.»trd,ut,ng mains leading from it, whieh will be in aceordanee with the plan above snggested; that i.s, to lay an 8 inch pipe ,n the first plaee, and, as the eity Kiowh, lay a second main from the Reservoir lor dis- ti'il>u ion in the new part of the eity, of such size as may l.e indicated by experience. A second Reservoir will be ilesiralile to increase the storage, and to render the distribution more elfective- but this 13 not iudispon.sable, and may he deferred with l"'»pnety until the water is let in, and experience de inonstrates its usefulness. The height. 180 feet above the Lake, at whieh Mr kBE,.™ proposes to put the water, will accommodate very well nearly all the dwellings. The small nnnd.er (hat may he too high for this may, if found expedient obtain water from Hess' Spring, as suggested byMii' liEEKEE; or a small engine may bo erected to raise the ^i ! t| 14 (liiantity required, if found more economical, or if the Laice water be preferred for use to this Spring. This height will give a very good i)ressure for fire purposes to nearly the whole city, and decidedly ejfective for a large portion of it. The i)lan of taking the Ijake water by excavating a basin in the Beach, appears to be well calculated to afford filtered water, and is believed to be quite i)rac- ticable at moderate expense. It is proposed to put up in the first place one double acting condensing engine of 100 horse-i)ower, as pro- posed by Mr. Keefkji. This will easily furnish the average supply on 12 hours work per day— inci easing tlie hours to meet the larger supply. Such an engine, well put up, will work for a long time, with little necessity for repairs; but accidents may happen, and it would be imprudent to construct the works without provision for such contingency. Eventually, therefore, two such engines will be needed, but not for some years to come; and to provide in the meantime against accidents, a plunger high-pressure engine, as recom- mended to ths U:ido^'signed by Mr. Keefer, api)ears well adapted iz il-e purpose. The high-pressure engine will be more expe sive for fuel; but as it will be used only b cases of omergevicy, that consideration is not so inrjortanb as the saving in outlay, and it will be superseded when a seconvl engine is needed for supply. In t>.e plan (()r prmping from Lake Ontario, it will be seen that the suggestions of Mr. Keeper, in his commu/iicallon of June, 1856, have been regarded as indicating a prudent viev/, adapted to present wants with provision for expansion as the city may grow — is believed to be the most judicious policy, and th(>refore is recommended. '^! *i 15 The surveys for the piiiupi.io- pia„ h-iye evidently been very limited; however, except lor Reservoirs there is not inueh needed— the iniiin expense beino^ made up of pipes and niaeliin(My. That for pipe-traclf pumpnig-basin, and fonn(hi(i()ns, nu,y very wel] be judged of, from the general character of the country and the estimate appears to Ix" ado(iuate. The estimate for distribution for 25,000 inhabitants appears fair and IS regarded as sutllcient for this branch of the expend- iture in the outset of the works. This item will depend ou the liberality of the scale that may be adopted for the distribution, and, of course, must increase as the city extends. The estinuite of Mii. Kkefer for the smaller supply from Lake Ontario, inchiding the cap- italization of annual expenses, is - - '£187 sW By reducing the size and shortening the nuiins and leaving out one large engine, this may be diminished - - . . . . o? 587 Leaving first cost - - . . . £1go 000 As will be inferred, from what has been stated^ the choice IS between the Ancaster gravitation plan and pumping from Lake Ontario. Mr. Keeper's estimate for Ancaster, is about £35,000 less, for the small supply than that from the Lake ; but he does not take into the estimate the item of damage to water-power and Mills To provide in the first instance, for the " small" supply from Ancaster, it would not be necessary to include the Cold Spring Stream. It would ])e expedient, however to extinguish all the water and mill rights in the first instance, so as to meet ultimate wants, in order to guard against further improvements, that would be likely to swell the future cost nmterially. The estimate of the Ancaster plan, is based on a large number of 3 If; 'J % :. iU i" 16 Reservoirs, small in area, and shallow in depth. This feature, as before observed, is objectionable. The large number complicates the plan by increasing the points to be attended to in the maintenance of the works. If good situations could be had for two, or even for three lleservoirs, of suitable depth and capacity for ample storage, this would be the best source from which to obtain the supply ; especially if, on investigation, the water rights and mill damages could be settled on rea- sonable terms. It is believed sufficient Reservoirs might be made ; but the expense would materially ex- ceed the estimate ; and, with the cost of water rights and mills, render this source, in all probability, more expensive than the Lake plan. This source has been more dwelt upon, for the reason, that any simple plan of gravitation is better adapted to the object than pumping ; and moreover, from the belief that a libe- ral storage of surface water would furnish an article, softer, and better adapted to the general purposes of a City, than that of the Lake. But while there is an embarrassing uncertainty, and, most probably, an excess of cost in the Ancaster, over the Lake plan, the latter is easily understood in all its essential features. — Although the Lake water is not as soft as rain water, it appears so be softer than the low water flow of the Ancaster ; and by filtration, will be rendered liighly favorable for drinking and most cuHnary purposes. It will be essentially of the same quality as that now used from the Niagara River to supply the City of Buffalo, while it will be superior in purity from the filtration proposed. In view of all the circumstances, which it is believed have been sufficiently discussed, — the plan of pumping a supply from Lake Ontario, as recommended by Mr. kHHFEu IS roc,,u.ded as the most simple-the most free from unluvorab contingencies-likely to be attended wiU, the least ulhmate cost, and capable of expansion as the wants of the City may re<,uire ; it is therefore proposed by the midersignod for your adoption Ihere appears no good reason to doubt, that, the -smii stated above (XIGO.OOO) will he sulKeient, with prudent and intelligent management, to complete the works on the scale proposed. Exceptingas the growth of the City will require further outlay for distribution the works may l)e regarded as sufficient for your wants' until your i)opulation exceeds 36 000 The expense of distribution must go on with the growth of your City ; and to provide for 35,000 people, an ad- dition should be made to the estimate of £15 000 It maythe^efore be considered that, for a population of ^&,000, your works will cost £175,000, or $700 000 or an annual cost of $1.25 cts. per inlial,itant. This would provide an ample sui)ply, under pressure, for aomostic use, and is well worth the cost. The economy in domestic service, (aside from the convenience and comfort of being able to command water in all i.arts of tlie domicile) cannot be appreciated until it has been enjoyed. The saving on insurance, and the blessino- of better protection from fire, which spares neither life nor property, is of itself a consideration, worth a larjre portion of the whole expenditure. The tendency moreover, of a full supply of water, to increase manu: factur.ng operations, is calculate.] to promote the pros- Pority of your City to a very material extent. These and other desirable results, wliich your Citizens will iind to flow m upon you, along with an abundant sup- ply of good water, will doubly repay the expense that will be incurred in its introduction. r h I 18 It has not appeared necessary to discuss, specifically, questions of location. The surveys, in fact, have not been sufficient to do this satisfactorily. There are se- veral other matters that would require further discus- sion in a general Report, had they not been anticipated in Reports already before you. All matters of detail, in location and construction, it is believed, may, with great safety, be left in the hands of Mr. Kbefer, who, by his Reports and in his verbal discussions has evinced a capacity on this subject that inspires great confidence in his ability to construct the works in a satisfactory manner. This Report, Gentlemen, Is very resj3ectfully submitted by Your obedient servants, JOHN B. JERVIS. C. E. ALFRED W. CRAVEN, C.E. :'wE-:r-ii,.