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\''- 
 
 OCT 191897 
 
 Old Saratoga 
 
 AND THE 
 
 Borgoyoe (.i^m^Hv- 
 
 S Sfief $ket<fh of tt»e ^kiXy fti^tofy of t}\e 
 ^kT[\oa^ Sui^tin^ 0i'ound0 ht\d tl^e 
 
 I'endei' of tlje l^riti^h SiHi\y, kt 
 
 0Wkto^, Odtobei' iT, lYTT, 
 
 vvitl^ dondijie f)e^dription0 
 
 of the Prii^ifipU ?lk<ie^ 
 
 donnedted Witl\ tl\e 
 
 .^tti^eiidei'. 
 
 BV 
 
 WILLIAM S. 08TRANDER. 
 
 aCHUYLERVILLB, N. Y-: 
 1897. 
 
 's:' 
 
. ■ ■■ . . !■ ■. . ■> 4 > ^ \'ci, 
 
Wf*"*?'!? 
 
 Old Saratoga 
 
 AND TME 
 
 Burgoyne Campaign. 
 
 K-^l 
 
 H' 
 
 ■ : 
 
 Ir 4, 
 
 y "^ jr i <;, ■', ,^ 
 S >> •« 'Vii V • ' •- 
 
 ?\ -rii'lcf ^kc\d\ of tljc i^^hi'ly 'ft-it^toi'v of tlic 
 
 i'ainotiti ftiuitirif* ('(i'oiii)tl!4 .-ii|d tI|o 
 
 CaiUpaij,*!) wliic'li [{iiilctl ir^ tl|c >^in'- 
 
 i'ci)dci' of tl)e -iVitif*!! •Ai'my, ht 
 
 >^rii';ito(*h, Oiftohei' IT, iTTT, 
 
 \vitl| Ooiicifie 1)e^Ci'iftioi|)4 
 
 of tl|c iViritMphl VlhccK 
 
 Coiinodtod Witli tl|c 
 
 Stirtcridci'. 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM S. 'OSTRANDER. 
 
 SCIHYLKRVILLE, N. Y.:'. 
 
 1897. 
 
 *x-. 
 
 ^-^^'l''^ '^ ^^ 
 
 TWO COPIES RECEIVED 
 
liiitercd iict-nnliiin Ut Act ol CoiiKrcsM, in tlic year 
 1M>7. by \V. S. OsTKANiiHK, ii\ till iiHiiTiif tilt- l.ilirarian 
 of ConnrcnH, at WashinKton. 
 
 <^ 
 
 O) 
 
 75^ 
 
 O 
 
 % 
 
 \i> 
 
Saratoga. 
 
 ."onKrcsM, ill tilt yiiir 
 ortii'f nl' tlu- I.ilii irian 
 
 I 
 
 "Oiif lit" till' iVw linmiirlal ikiiiu's tlmt win- not horn 
 to die." 
 
 THIS is not to li iiifdiiinli'il with tin' l<'iii 
 wutcfiliii place, wliii'li laUis it- iimmic fii>in llirol'l 
 Idciility. several mite'^ I'eiiiiiveil from il< iiiedieiiial 
 waters. <li:irliiiii;;- iileasiire resorts ami li'^'v soeiely. 
 
 The old Imliaii liiiiiteis' paiMilise 1,'iy aloiiu' the 
 Hudson rivei-. for a ilistaiici' of iweiily or iliirly 
 miles iiortiierly fiom wlial is now .Meeliaiiieville. 
 with wooded sloj.es on either side, extend'nu- liaek 
 from the rich lioltom lands alone the stream. 'I'o 
 these famous hnntiii;.' and tishinji- ;ifonnds from the 
 earliest d.iys. came the Indian sportsmen, for tin- 
 ]ile;isin'es aiid prollts of the iliase. It was varionsly 
 known as .Sar-a«di-t (>-;:< >e. (»eli-sei-a-toii-;:iie. (»eli- 
 seeh-ra-fj'e iiii'l otherwise, to its ancient inoprielors. 
 
 'I'l ;irliest wliite visitors found it in possession of 
 
 the Miuinaes. or Mohawks, the lieri-estof (he f.imons 
 Iroquois, or six nations, who had driven out the Ma- 
 iiicand.'fs. or Mohieaiis, its former owiiei-s. 
 
 Toward tin' northern part of lids territory. Fish 
 ( feek. the outlet of the present Lake Saratoj-a. joiiieil 
 the Hmlson. 
 
 .Inly 21!. l(iS:{. certain Molniwk Sachems th-eded to 
 Corndins Van Dyk, Jan .lan.seii HIeeker. I'eter I'hil- 
 ippsen Sclinylerand .rolianiies AVendcll. the Hewer 
 of the old limit iii.ii- <.nmnds. which maybe roii«fhly 
 ik'serilu'd as exteiidiii"- aloii<; the llndson from what 
 
•» !<AUAT<HiA. 
 
 i-iiiiw AiiiliiiiiyV Kil, lit McrliuiiiiNilli', imiilicily ii. 
 Hiittfii Kil. iiciir Siliiiylcivillc, mill Icickw aid fnun 
 till' ii\ci- mImiiiI six mill's 1)11 fiihiT side. 
 
 Il llplK'iiis lllMl il rcllMIMIII (if (III- .Miiliirilli-4 i|i||t- 
 
 ••lili I to tin* illiiiVf j;l:illli cs, Mliy linllls lliry iiiiLllil 
 
 llIIM> ill IllCSf liillds. 
 
 'I'lic I'liriDiis n'.nlrr \\ ill tinil il riMin.il linliiui 
 
 ilfiMl ill the Ailiiiny Coiinty Clerk's ((llicf. I/iImt ;l of 
 ilri'ds, piioc lii;|. In wliirli :iic iilllxnl imiiicn.iis pir- 
 liivcs of iiiiiiiiMls. liirilcs, lilnls. Sic. n'|iir>ciiiiii}i' 
 till' liiiliiiii signal iirt's. 
 
 »'o!iscii| haviiijf liccii tliiis hail of llic linjiaii owii- 
 •Ts. a iiatfiil for tlicsc lamls in ilur form, siiirr 
 known as tlir Saralo;;a I'alcnt. was jiraiilrd liy (ioy. 
 'I'lios. |)i(ii»an to said j-ranli'cs and tlirir associates. 
 \oveinl)er |. jcsl. This instniinent is i-eeonled In 
 tlie otllee of the Seeictary of Stale, at Ailiany. in 
 l.ilier "i of I'atents. pa;'e l.'ift. 
 
 'J'hus passed fmiii savaec to eivili/cd ow nei'ship. 
 Ilie lands wliereon a eeiitiiry later slionid he fon;;ht 
 one of tlie few decisive l)atlles of the world's Jiistoiy. 
 
 'I'he name Fort Saratojia. <;iven in liilMI, to a fort 
 erected at (he conlliience of Fish (reek with the 
 Hudson, is said to ho tlie lirst ai)plicalioii liy tlie 
 wliites of til'! oil! name. 
 
 A HIT (tV T(»PO<il£ArilV, 
 
 The Appalaeliian chain of mountains, divides the 
 watershed of tlio St. r.awreiice from the New Eiij;-- 
 laiid and Middle States of our I'nion. The valley of 
 llie Hudson and of Lake Cliamplain is the only way 
 hy which larjie Iiodics of wurriors or troops could he 
 conveniently transported from one locality to tlie 
 
 .k*v 
 
illlii'N illi', ||i<|'l||i>|'I.V ll. 
 
 . Mini liMi'kw aid Ci'diii 
 liir side. 
 
 if lllC .Ml)|licilll< Ijllit- 
 
 Miiy liizllls Ihcy iiilj^Iit 
 
 I 1 1 ri;;'iM:il linli.ui 
 
 i'l'k'j* odicc, Lilicr ;l of 
 iilllxnl iiiiiiicroiis |iir. 
 iIj*. i^i:!'.. rc|in'>ciil ill;" 
 
 II of |||(> IikMmii (iwii- 
 ' ill line riiriil, siiici' 
 
 «!l.«t ^raiilf(l liy (Jiiy. 
 < iiiiil tlifir iissdciati's. 
 iinii'iit is I'l'c'iii'ili'il ill 
 
 Stiilc, at AHiaiiy, in 
 
 (•ivili/('(| (p\\ iit'rslii|i. 
 Icr ."Imnld lie foii^iht 
 (f liic world's histoiy. 
 ■(Ml ill liilH), to ii fort 
 Fish CiTck with the 
 <t ai)i)licatii)ii liy the 
 
 itAriiv 
 
 louiitains. divides tiit! 
 ' ffoiii the New Knu;- 
 'iiidii. The valley of 
 plain Is tlio only way 
 ors or troojw coiihl he 
 1 one locality to the 
 
 «' 
 
 ia.*i.ililJi 
 
 A III f <>1 lul'otiliAI'll V. " 
 
 olhiT. This fraliiri' has always diicnnimd dial 
 istni;:>rli- f<>y ihr posschmIoii of A rlcn slioiihl \<v 
 
 Mav"'d alonv' these valleys. I'.efore the iiihelil "f 
 the whiles, ihi' Aljioii(|iiiiis inlialilled tile ( aiiadiaii 
 lands, and the I iiMiiii.is and Ni'W Kii^zland liidlnii^ 
 the tenilory to the soiiDi. Tin' hiii|iii.;,s wanior in 
 «|iie.| of Al,'i'iiii(|iilii xealj.s and iiliiiider eaiur down 
 
 (he Mohawk loSehe lady. Iheiiee to l!al|s|oii Lake. 
 
 KayaderossiTasC reck. Sara to^ia Lake, Fish ( reek. 1 he 
 Hudson. Lake » •iiain|dalii and Itn oiithds. hy which he 
 had an alinosl coiiliiinoii.s water route to the liearl of 
 ihe (anadiaii |iosscssions. The Norlhcrn Indian seek- 
 in^' thi' Idood and Ircasiiri- of his Sonlhcrn foe. fol- 
 lowed thesanii' trail soiiih. and Ihns Old Saralo;;a. 
 now Schliylervillc. al the coiilliience of the Fish 
 (reck anil Hudson river, from the earliest days, ran;;- 
 Willi the war cry of the savaue warriors on llidr 
 forays. The sunie lo|.i);iira|)hical features which 
 h'd Ihe palnled siivaire ijironoh lis valley, hroimhr. 
 in his wake, the armed tread of his eonlcmlin^- 
 while hrelhrcn. For upwards of two centuries its 
 fruiitiil vales and pleasant homes have f"ll the heavy 
 hand of strife and ^lowcl wllh the lonli id' conMict 
 
 SOMK ICAUIA srHI(l<il.KS IN TIIK VAI.I.KV. 
 
 Ill ir).')."), Jaeiiues Cartler saih'tl up the SI. I.aw- 
 reiicf river and discovered eeri lin Indian villa^^'s : 
 at the present site of Montreal was a lar^e villa;-!'. 
 Ipoii the nionntain overlookin,;;- it he raised a cross 
 and took i)os.;ession of the eoniitry in the name of 
 the French Kin^r. FraiK'is 1. In l(i(i;t. t'hanipliiin en- 
 tered the St. Lawrence, and on a snl>se(|iient voy.-iuc 
 in l(i08, he founded the city of Qiichec. The follow- 
 lii"- year lie discovered and explored the lake which 
 
 ief . .J.: \ >iJimtwm"r':' 
 
<1 SOMK KAUI.Y STltroiM.KS IN niK VAI.I.KY. 
 
 lit'urs Ilis iiniiH'. Tims wci-c Imm) tlic fun'wi-.tions of 
 tlic Frciicli power in AincricM. Williiii the next; 
 fifty years soiiie tiiree llioiisaiid iiilial)it,iiits liad set- 
 tled ul)i)iit llie forts at Moiitieal. (^iieliec and Tlire.' 
 PAverti. 
 
 In KlOii. Henry llndson discovered the river wiiicli 
 liears jiis name, and in KU.'J. a fort was l)niit My llie 
 Diiteh, at Manhaltan Island. Ten years later Fort 
 Oran<!;«'. (now AHiany). was creeled and a settlenienl 
 established tln-re l)y llie Dnteli. 
 
 Tiie Kno-lish had I'staltliwhed Iheinselves in sell le- 
 inenls. at riyniouth. in 1(;2(). and later at divei's 
 lilaees !i1<mi<;- the New Knjiland coast and claimed 
 t!if country as far sontli as Delaware, by vinne of 
 the Cabot discoveries in Nil". Tjie cor.ilielinM- 
 claims of Dnteli and Knulish r.'sulted, KKM. in a war 
 in which the Dutch possessions passed under the 
 control of Ihe Kn^lisli. Tims the French and Kn;i- 
 lish had become established at either end of the 
 • liamiilain-llndson valley. 
 
 From earliest times there had been wars bi'tween 
 Canadian Indians jind those of New York and X<'w 
 England. The Alirominins liavini;- l)een aided by 
 the lirearms of C|iai\iplain, aboiil ICdii. in .-iciion 
 a.irainst the lro<|iiois. a haired for Ihe French was 
 formed in the hearts of the latter which was manifes- 
 ted by yearly raids on the French settlements and 
 iilliances with the Hrilisb settlers of New York and 
 New Kn;>land. 
 
 About KJS!). the French (iovcrnor (tf Canada, as- 
 sailed Imntiiif.- jiartics of the Iroijnois, who were 
 then allies of the F^njilish, near the lakes, ami in the 
 Slimmer of tliat year, a party of lifteen hundred 
 
 y^M 
 
I.KS IN niK VAI.I.KY. 
 
 ' l;ii(l tlic f(iiiiirl-i(!(i|m ,,f 
 I'licM. Wiiliiii the next, 
 <aiiil itiliitliitiiiits liMil .«(■;- 
 ilri'.il. (^iiclifc ;iii(l Thivt! 
 
 isfovcrcd tlu' river wiiicli 
 , ii fort wiis l)iiiit l)y llic 
 (1. Ten ycjirs Ijifcr Korf, 
 • ■rcctcd Miiil II scttlcniciil 
 tch. 
 
 K'd lliciiisclvcs ill scltli'- 
 iO. Mild later iit divers 
 Iniid eojist and eliiiiiied 
 Delaware, liy viviiie of 
 l-fUl. 'I'lie (•(imlictiiiM- 
 I r.'stilted, KKM, in a war 
 'sidiis iiassed under tlie 
 IS tlie Freiieli and Kii;;-- 
 1 at either end uf 1|||. 
 
 liad lieeii wars lietweeii 
 
 of New York and \ew 
 
 liavini;- lieen aided hy 
 
 about ICdii. in aelion 
 
 red for llie !• rencli was 
 
 liter wliieli was nianift-.s- 
 
 Freiieli settieiiHMits and 
 
 (tiers of New Yoriv and 
 
 overnor of Canada, as- 
 le lro(|iiois, who were 
 ar the lakes, and in the 
 rty of lifteen hmidred 
 
 POMK KAUI.V sriJlti'il.KS IN" TllK VAI.I.KV. ( 
 
 Irn(|iiois warriors passed over the old trail from the 
 Mohawk valley hy l<ake Saratojia. past Scliiiyter- 
 ville, and up Die river and lake and suddenly fell 
 upon the settlers ahoiit .Montreal. For miles around 
 the settlers wi're captured or kiMed and the country 
 pillaiU'd. After a stay of some weeks, they liiirned 
 and massacred alioiit ninety iirisoncrs and thcj>rcaler 
 pari returned from the war path, hut a eonsideriihle 
 nimilier in small hands contimicd huijr after to 
 terrify the coiinl ry. 
 
 In the winter of KiOO. expeditions were fitted out 
 liy (iov<'rinu' Frontenae. in Canada, to strike the 
 Kuiflish, at Aihany. New IIam])shire and Maine. ' 
 This was in pursuance of a plan formed by the 
 Flench to send a force down Lake Chainplaiii to 
 Aihany, to co-operate with a naval force to lie sent 
 a.irainst N'ew York and iiii the Hudson ; almost 
 identically the iilan adopted hy IJiirjroync many 
 years later. The one destined for Aihany came 
 down the lake and river to Schnylerville, and there 
 turned aside up Fish Creek and Saratoj;a Lake to 
 Schenectady. The little villajie was taken wholly 
 liy sui'prise at dead of niirlit in mid winter. About 
 .sixty persons, of all ajres and both sexes were killed 
 aiui more captured and carried away prisoners. The 
 villaj^e was sacked and .burned and tlie victors re- 
 turned over tlie trail. 
 
 In response to this attack, in the suinmer of !(!!)(». 
 an expedition under Gen. Fit/, John Winthrop. 
 about seven humlred stronji, iiudiidinjr one hundred 
 and iiftv Indi'ins, came up from Albany and ('(ui- 
 necticut, and passiiitr up the lludsoe, proceeded as 
 far as Ticonderoga. when, owing to lack of provisions 
 
S JiOME KAKI.Y STlUTWa.ES IX fUK VAI.l.KV. 
 
 and prc'vaU'iicf of smiiU pox. the expt'dition tiiiiietl 
 l>!i('k, losiii<{- a larifc iiumlKT l>y tlii^ disease. 
 
 In the winter of KiJKt, a Frciieh force was sent liy 
 Frontenae a<;ainst tlie Moliawks. Several Indian 
 forts alon^- the Moliawk were destroyed and nuiny 
 ])risoners taken. The Eni;]isli from All)any under 
 i'o\. Peter S<'linyler, assisted in rejiellini!; tliein. and 
 aid from New York under Gov. Fletcher arrived 
 after the retreat of tiie Frencli. His spci'dy help 
 wlien their castles were attacked, wo.i the warm 
 friendshij) of the Irixpiois. 
 
 t^ueen AniK! ascendeil the throne in 1700; war with 
 l''i'ance speedily followed. 'I'he ("oloniis were soon 
 involved and depredation.i Ity the French were di- 
 n.(!ted ajrainst Xew FIn<«land. Dew'tieid was burned - 
 in 1704. about sixty of its people killed, and iipwaids 
 of a hundre(l carried away captive. Durini!' tlie fol- 
 lowinj; years repeated invasions from th(! north 
 aroii"(d the En<flish to action, 'n 170'.). a la-ji-e force 
 was to !)(' sent by water from U. ston to atta< k (Que- 
 bec. Anotl'.'r force of Connectii'ut. \ew\i)rkand 
 Xew .Jersey ti-oops were to proc(>ed up the Hudson 
 and I^ake to Montri'al. In .liint! of that year. ("ol. 
 I'eter Schuyler, leadinuthe vanuiiard. pn •e"de<l up 
 the Hudson. At Stillwater, he built a fort wl.ich he 
 called Fort In^oldsby, in honor of (Jovcinor Iiijfolds- 
 by ; at Saratoifa, (Schuylerville), he bniit a fort on 
 the east side of the river. At Fort ^.Miller, he buiit 
 another fort ; at F'ort Kdward he built a fort which 
 he ealleil Fort Xicliolson, in honor .:f Ms chief iji 
 conmnind. I'roceedinjr north lO Wood (reek, at the 
 montli of Halfway Creek, he built a fort which he 
 called Fort Schuyler, but afterward i ained Fort 
 
 ¥MJM^'S:Mli:MM3m~ 
 
 ■Ms^ne^isi^^amm^iSm 
 
E!S IX rUK VAI.l.KY. 
 
 :, the ex|)<'tliti(>ii turned 
 by tlu! (liseiise. 
 •ciich force was sent Ity 
 :i\vks. Several Indian 
 re destioye<l and many 
 isli from All)any under 
 in repeliinu; tlieni. and 
 Gov. Fietelier arrived 
 cneli. His spei'dy help 
 aeked, wo.i the warm 
 
 liionein 1700; war wiiii 
 I'lie ("olonii'* were soon 
 y tht^ Freneh were di- 
 l)eertield Wiis bnrneij ■ 
 iple Uiiled. and upwards 
 ptive. Diirini;- llie fol- 
 isions from th(; north 
 I. 'n ITO'.i. a la;<>-e fori'c 
 
 I Hi stoii to at ta< k (Jiie- 
 ectii'iif. \i!W \()rk and 
 proeeed up the Hudson 
 Inne of that year. Col. 
 anu'iinrd. pr< 'e'Mled iqi 
 he liuilt a fort wl.ieli he 
 or of Governor [iijiolds- 
 lle), he liniit a fort on 
 t Fort Afiiler. he Iniiii 
 il he Imilt a fort which 
 
 II honor .;f ds chief in 
 1 lO Wood ( 'reek, at the 
 ^ Imilt !i fort which h<i 
 ifterward i ■lined Fort 
 
 W 
 
 o 
 EC 
 
 
 X 
 
 I— I 
 
 o 
 
 *mii*»«.a.ifim^: w<rfw:y?kiasd 
 
 i j. . ).l»mn,J B' a«""!W ^ 
 
SOMK EARLY 8TRUO<iI.K9 IN THE VAI.I.KV. 
 
 !l 
 
 Aiiiu'. ill honor of tlio (iiiceii. Tlicsc forts wcrr 
 ^jiirrisoiied and tlic coiinnanil awuitcil llic conrni^- of 
 tlie ships for the water attack on (^ncltfc. Hut tli(? 
 sliips failed to eonie and liolli expeditions were 
 ai)andoned. 
 
 In 1711. anotlier attack on Cainnia was projected, 
 anil like the last one. was^i'iven np on acconnt of tlii' 
 failnre of the lleet to arrive. l)in-inir the next thirty 
 years peace followeil and the French settled ami 
 fortirted Crown Point and the Chaniplain valley, 
 while the En<;lish Colonists ])0|)nlate(l and strenjith- 
 ened .Sarato<,oi and the Hudson valley. 
 
 THK MASSAt'lii; AT l«AIJAT(MiA. 
 
 In 1740. Charles VI, of (ierniany, died, and anionji 
 the claimants to his throne arose tlu; war of the 
 Anstrian siieeession. Geor^fe II, of En^jland, sided 
 with Maria Theresa, of Austria, aiul France sup- 
 ported lier enendes. In 17-II, war was declared liy 
 France a<^ainst Enj^land and the American Colonies 
 became involved in a war wlueli was of little conse- 
 (jnence to them. Eouishurjr, a stronj;ly fortitied 
 French post on tlie Island of Ca[)c Breton, was cap- 
 turen by NewEnglanders, in June, 1745. In retalia- 
 tion for tlds defeat, the Frencli in the fall of the 
 same year sent an expedition from Canada ajrainst 
 the Connecticut river settlements. I.ea\ing "Mou- 
 treal in November, 1745, they eaine by the Wiiy of 
 Lake Chaniplain, about five linndred stronir, inclnd- 
 11151: one-half Indians, and reached Crown Point 
 about the middle of November. Here the Indians 
 refused to cross the iiionutains to the Coniiecfieut, 
 and It was agreed to fall upon Saratoga, (Schnyler- 
 ville). Mareliing overland along South Ba}% tliey 
 
 4 
 
1(» Tin: .MA>SA(Ui: AT SAl:ATO(^\. 
 
 cnlllr ildWIl In Knrl MilliT. "M llic lli^ilil of Xovciu- 
 lnM-2Sth. rive miles liclnw. Ill ilic jiuicliuii uf Fish 
 (reck with liic lliulsi.ii lay Ihi- iiiisiis|it'crmj;- Iniiiilct 
 of S;n';it«)u;i, II wodilcii furl. I'tnir mills, soint- Ihirly 
 (hvcHiiitis. iiicliiiiinii- ihc riPilincil hrick iiiaiisioii of 
 the Schuylcis. (which slood liclwccn Ihc iin'sciit 
 Schiiylci- mansion ami Ihi' «'ham|)hiin canal), lianis 
 full of <«raiii. stahlcs of cattle, stacks of saweil lum- 
 Iter; faiih iii'oihicc in e(insi(leriililc (|niiiililies and 
 aliont one hnnilied souls minh^ up the villa;je of 
 Sarato>:'a. 
 
 smoking- ruins of this fertile settlement, the fruits of 
 its industry consumed, its people shiin, or followinj;- 
 with hleediujr feet their savage ciiptors tlirough Ilic 
 frozen wilderness. 
 
 Within the nrxi two years a fori or l!ie north side 
 of Fish Creek near the haidi of tho Ilm'son hail Ih-cii 
 built. i)rovideii wilh block houses, cli.isteneil Fort 
 Clinton, in honor of (iov. Clinton, and ij;iirrisone(l 
 wilh uj)\viirds of one hundred un<l lifly men. 
 
 In June, 1717. ii f'U-ee of French a;ul Indians 
 
 ' t^P^liillMfri--a!ft.tt! i M.gfcil<MI.IK^ B 
 
AT SAUATOCA. 
 
 (Ill the iii^ilil of Xovciii- 
 , Ml llic jimclioii iif l''isli 
 III!' iiiisiis|it'cliii;;' Inimlcl 
 four mills, sniiif lliiriy 
 liilii'tl liriclc niiiiisioii of 
 
 1(1 Ix'tWCI'll lll(> ]ll't'S('llt 
 
 'liinn|il:iiii ciiiiiil). Iiariis 
 :1(', stacks of sawed liiiii- 
 <iil('ral)l(> (|iiaiilitii'S and 
 made lip llif villajjc of 
 
 liilc farmer ami avlisaii 
 ■mbers smouldered on the 
 lined williiii the trundle 
 ij;(lo\\ n tlie river fell siid- 
 l. Willi lire and sword 
 ■ laid waste : fort, dwel- 
 
 were |-e(lne('(l to aslies. 
 jr eai'ried away captive. 
 
 to tell the tale. Ilrave 
 le of the (ielieral). was 
 sioii while jialhintly de- 
 )iiiin<i' >un rose upon tlie 
 It settlement, the fruits of 
 x'ople slain, or followinj'- 
 vajic cai)tors tlironj>ii the 
 
 rs a fort or l!ie nortli si(h' 
 k of the Ilm'soii had been 
 : honses. cluistened Fort 
 
 f'linton, and ij;arrisoiie(l 
 cd and lifly men. 
 
 of Freiu'li a.'id Indians 
 
 mmmmmwsmtm^ 
 
 TIIV. MASSAf'ItK AT SAUAT()(iA. 
 
 11 
 
 under M. de La Corne St. I.nc. surprised this siponu-- 
 hold and captured over half the iinrrison. A fi'w 
 months Inter the fort was ahandoned and iHiiiit liy 
 the Enjilish, leaving' no fortiliealion- between .\1- 
 bany and the northern frontier. 
 
 KNdl.lSlI ACCil'lSITION' <II' CANADA. 
 
 From 1755 to 1750, yearly strnu';:les between 
 the French and F,nj;lisli for siiprt'iiiacy in America 
 dotted the valley with <;-raves of brave men. and 
 ke])t the settlements from .Mb;iny to .Nfoiit ri'al con- 
 tinually harrassed by scalpiiij;- parties, tomahawk 
 and secret arrows. LMiiie bodies of troops. rej;nlar<, 
 mililiaiiicn and Indian allies, were manoeuvred 
 aloii;: the lliidson and through the I.Mke 'ieor;;'e anil 
 Champlain valii'Vs. I'orls with <;arrison.s were es- 
 tablished at Fort Miller, Fort Hdward and Fort 
 William Henry, by the Knuli^h, .vhile '11- 
 conderoua and Crown Point were fortitied 
 by till! French. In the sniiimeran<l aiilunm of 1751), 
 the Kniilish disIodi;-ed tlieir adversaries from 'rieon- 
 dcron'a and Crown Point and .\ith 'he decisive 
 victory of Wolfe over Montcalm at 'iJiiebec, the 
 dominion of the Frendi in America was ended. A 
 treaty followed in 17(i.'f, and there was jieace alon<>' 
 the old trails until the stri|i>ele of the American 
 Colonies for iiidepeiidenee, in i77(i-7, woke its echoes 
 once iiior(> to the warwhoop, tin; rattle of musketry, 
 the roar of artillery, the shout of victor)' and the 
 ;j;r()an of the maimed and dyiii^. 
 
12 
 
 HUROUVNK'S CAMPAKIN. 
 
 ^urgo^nc's Campaign. 
 
 ■! I 
 
 THE year 1777 wiis friiii<ilit willi iinpuit to the 
 Aim-rlciin coloiriis. It iiuirks. iici-iiMitM. tlie 
 most iuM-ili>ii>i ju'riotl of our iiiitiouul history, ami one 
 of till- tiical crises in tiu- world's liistory. Tin' iiifiii- 
 ory of its acliicveiiifiilH will last as loii^' as frcciiicn 
 (hvcU upon tlu' eartii anil i)()i)ular <>-ovfi-nuient ob- 
 tains anion;; the mitions. 
 
 The colonists hail announccil llnir solemn resolve 
 to sever the tics which houiul tln-m to the mother 
 State anil to hecome a free anil inilepemlcnt nation 
 umon^ the ic'oples of the earth. The wortl was 
 spoken, hut the work was yet hi be accomplisheil. 
 The bai)tism of tlr;' was yet to be emhircil. before 
 the woril became the fact. Kamblin.!; efforts hail 
 been made by the Crown to subdue the rebels; but 
 the lirst syslematie attempt to crush the insurrec- 
 tion was yet to be made. 
 
 In the sprhiji of 1777. General John lJur<«oyno 
 siirccedeil Carleton in command in Canada, and. in 
 early summer, entered upon his most memorable 
 campai.!j:n. It h id already been tletermined that 
 the stron<;hold of America was the center and com- 
 manilinu' point of the }i;i-ii:\t system of mountiiins and 
 valleys of New York, the continence of the Mohawk 
 and Hudson rivers. Upon this point the royal forces 
 were to converjre ; Howe from the south, St. I^eger 
 
 'iT<^"&J5' 
 
 irrr^T-TTTsrrr 
 
CAMTAKiN. 
 
 Lampdigti. 
 
 [lit Willi iinptn-t to the 
 t iiiaiUs. piTliiiji.x. till' 
 iiitioiiiil history, ami oiif 
 rl(l"s history. Tlic inciii- 
 last iis loii^ as frcciiicii 
 [lopnlar <;<)ViTiiiiiLMit ob- 
 
 iM'il llii'ir solemn resolve 
 11(1 tlii'iii to the mother 
 ami iiideiii'mleiit nation 
 earth. The word was 
 ret hi be at^complished. 
 t to be emliired. before 
 . Hamliliii.!; efforts had 
 I subdue the rel)el.s ; but 
 t to ernsh the iiisurree- 
 
 Lieiieral John IJurjroyne 
 inand in Canada, ami, in 
 1)11 his most memorable 
 been determined that 
 rt-as the center lUid eoni- 
 system of mountains and 
 >nllue!K'e of the Mohawk 
 this point the royal forces 
 roni the soutli, St. Leger 
 
 BUROOVNK'8 CAMfAKlN. 
 
 W 
 
 from the west, and Hur^-oyne from ihe north, dis- 
 niemberiiijr the eolonics and crushing: the rel>ellion. 
 With an army of nearly ten llu .and men. dis- 
 eiplined in war and splendidly equipped, nuder the 
 leadership of Fra/er, whose iiispirinjr piesciiee filled 
 the Itritish heart with lire : Kiedesel. the sturdy 
 (ierman IJaron. whose name passed as a synonym of 
 valor anil canlion ; and Phillips, the ;rreat artillery 
 commander of the eonliiiertal wars. nur;foyiie as- 
 eemled Lake Champlain, and suddenly appeared 
 before the Amerieau army of less tlum live thous- 
 8and, naked, ill-armed and uuaeeoutivd troops at the 
 fortress of Tieonderooa. He had issued a i.ioelamation 
 ealliiif? upon the people to rally around the standard 
 of their mereifu! and lovinjj: soverei;iU, and threat- 
 eninjr. if they refused, to let loose hordes of savajres 
 npon them. IMantiii;r his eaniion upon the hitherto 
 ■ inaeeessible hei^'lils of " Fort Peliauce," the invader 
 forced the iiatriots from the first two strongholds, 
 and back into the w ildeniess. 
 
 Tlie colonists were tiriii. and the Indians came. 
 At Fort Kilward was murdered a beautiful yoniiy 
 jfirl. the betrothed of a llritish otliier. Hut, as it 
 has been truly said, her blood was not »i»ed in vain. 
 The i)eoi)le were aroused in every quarter. The 
 name of poor Jane McCrea jiassed as a watchword 
 nlonjr the valley of the llndson, and was echoed 
 amonjr the mountains of Vermont. It passed from 
 the yeomanry of New Yoi-;:. to the militiamen of 
 Massachusetts, and cried o.it for vengeance to the 
 bold "Green Mountain Hoys." And as the little 
 army was pushed fro... retreat to retreat, through 
 the wilderness and dow n the streams, brave hearts 
 
u 
 
 ItflKKlVM'.'j* CAMI'A»i;N'. 
 
 Mini sti'oiiir Mi'ins wi'i'i' !,Mtli''i'iiiy^ .irctiiiiil lU Iimiiium'm. 
 
 \(;;il' lli'iiils' lk'i;;lil^. tin- fun ■•■j mi't ilixili <'(|iiiil 
 
 ^I'oiiiiil iiiitl ill ('(|iiiil f(»iilli;il. ( 'liiii'iif. Mini I'lPiiiilfr- 
 
 I'liurjZ'cx pilrd till' llc'lil with )icM|iM iiT -hiiii. iiiilll 
 
 Wltll mIiCIT I'SllMII-ilioll llic rOMT (if <'lP|illi('l CCMSI'll. 
 
 iiiiil tJK,' niMiilli' of (Icxct'iKlliijr ilMi-kiicss -lull iiiit lli(> 
 Mci'iH' of ciiniMjj:!' from Ilic eves of iiicii. For sunic 
 iImvj* victory liiiiiir in llic IimImiicc. till tin' IimihI of 
 (ioil tiiriii'il the scmIc to\v;iril lilniiy Mini |iro;;l'<'KS. 
 (JmIImiiI KiMZcr. tin- soul fif lln' iiiiii-li Mniiv, wms 
 i^laiii ill lilt' rorcl'ioMl of liMilJi'. Ami wlicii Ills 
 rlK'i-riiiL;' voice Mini \VM\iii;i' s\\oi-il xmtc mi-<cil mIoiij; 
 the line, llic (Imv WMswriii fur freedom. IiimIcmiI of 
 the royal iiciiiiMiil wuvliic' lo ihc Urec/i ,ii All»;my, 
 Hiiriroyne s.iw IiIm shsittcrcil Mrmy liiirleil l)Mck 
 fhroii^h I'Miii Mild mli'(>. lieMrinn- their tMltercd stMiid- 
 iirds lo tlie heiijhls of Smi'mIo'^m. witli llic enemy in 
 full retreat. 'rin-rc Ihc way uas Idockcd with 
 sturdy jiatriotK. I'etrcMi to ('Mi'mlM wms cm oiV. Mini 
 
 tlie roMd to .MIiMiiy had I ii Mlrcmly tried. 
 
 A victorioiii enemy U prcssinci- upon mII sides. 
 Hiir^royne'.s iiriiiy reduced to Mhoiit four tlioiisMini 
 men, with only three days' provisions, is licmmed in 
 liv one of nearly twenty thoii.sand, full of thcMiiinia- 
 lioii of \ietory. Storms of iron hail are s\vi'epiii<p 
 his camp. Ills lieailijiiartcrs has liccome a tarei't for 
 the Ihdd jjiiiis of the eiieniy. Soon it is (Mit lo ](ieces 
 and his council lioard dispcrs<'d. Then come wounds 
 Mild thirst, and the \\liil(! tlaji' sues for terms. 'I'lie 
 (Mnnniandcrs meet. The sword is delivered. 'I'lie 
 bron/.eil and hardy veterans of many a caniiiMiii'ii on 
 the Continent, tile out and pile their arms, and tin; 
 ]int<i train of (irisoncrs starts for IJoston hetween the 
 
 TWW 
 
 mmwmm^mimmm 
 
CAMrAHiV. 
 
 •iii^' .irniiml lu liMiiiiiTM. 
 foi'i I'* iiK-t iiiiiin <'i|iiiil 
 < liJiry:!-' mill ciuintfr- 
 ll lirilJiH (if sl.'iill. until 
 roiil' of ripiillicf ci'iiKCil. 
 ;;• ilill-kni'ss .••lilll mil ll|i> 
 •yes of iiMMl. For suiiic 
 ihiiK'i', till tiic IkiihI of 
 
 i| lilirily Mini |il'Oi;l'<'SS. 
 
 r I III' llriiUli iiniiy, wms 
 li.'iitii'. Ami wlirii \i\< 
 W onl \\ ere llli-<i'il iilolij; 
 
 'or fri'ciloin. IiimIcmiI of 
 n 1 III' hrci'/i Ml AlliMiiy. 
 •I'll iiniiy liiiricil li;ii'k 
 iiij;' llii'ir t.'itlcrcil slaml- 
 (oMii, with till' I'liciiix ill 
 \\ :iy WMS liloi'Ui'il willi 
 ( 'ill'i:iil;i w as CM! olV. iiliil 
 I iiliTMily I I'ii'il. 
 ri'ssiii^i' ii|ioii all siilcs. 
 o alioiit four llioiisam! 
 irovisioiis. is licinini'il in 
 iHsanil, full of tlicaiiiina- 
 iroii li:iil arc swi'i'piiijf 
 : lias liccoinc a tarjii't for 
 Soon it is cut to ](i<'ccs 
 s<'il. Then conic wonnils 
 aji' sues for terms. Tin; 
 soril is (lelivcrctl. The 
 of many a caiiiiiiii<>n on 
 lilc their arms, ami the 
 s for IJot-toii between the 
 
 IMIH.o^ M.'> < AMl'Ali.N. 
 
 iri 
 
 -iuanliii;:' liaymicl- of llic < 'iinliiicntal t iiiii|iei ■;. will) 
 the "Stars and Siiiin's." here nnfurliil for the tirsi 
 linic. llicilln'i- overlicail. The c;ini|iai;'n is emleil. 
 tilt! royal poNM'!' Is hrokcn. ami success is sure. St. 
 I.c^icrVs army is ilisiicrseil. rjiuion retires to New 
 York. France lia>lciis to ai know Icdjic ilie imle- 
 |,emlence of I he < olouics : ami "Tlic lii;hl Wilawii- 
 iiiy u|>oii the .\iiiiric;in caii'C." •• Tiic control of a 
 <'ontineiil has sli|>|ii'i| away froiii the Kin;;-, ami 
 henceforth the only slru;i-;;le will lie to save for the 
 Crown, that which cannot l>e comiiicred for it." 
 
 The soumLs of war arc hiishcd aloiiif the rivci-. 
 Tlic iilonnhshan has leveled its fort ilicalions with 
 the earth. Tlic hum of m\ riad s|iimllcs is sin^iiiii; 
 the labor son;:- of peace. Tlic h.iiNot of death Is 
 yalhcred in. and in its stcnl lirlds of wavinu' ;,n-aln 
 arc irrow iiiu' j;oldcii in the snmnicr sun. .Mmc than 
 a hunilrcd years have passrd away in peace, yet we 
 arc only just bci>innin;f to rcali/c the Mlurioiis 
 results of this jii-eat victory. The hand of (Jodwas 
 in llic s;ru;i!ilc. and lie it isulio -hajics il^seipicl. 
 When from l.iiluador to California, and from the 
 Arctic to Daricii, all our stores of mineral wealth 
 shall be wrested from their rocky prison walls; 
 when all our fertile plains and valleys shall be peo- 
 pled with a prosperous and liapjiy race of men : 
 
 when all our sti ins shall echo to the sounds of 
 
 Mndnstry : w hell liberty and law and iiiteUi;j;('ncc 
 shall be wclili'd into a ••ystciii of novernmcnt best 
 suited to mankind: when the Hif;lil of years shall 
 show that cducalion and c(|ualily of rij;lits is the 
 only basis of linn and ciidnrin.ii- jiov eminent ; then 
 wt! shall realize the wistloiii of that old statesman 
 
 'WS^MMWWWL JEHSRHbvi 
 
10 
 
 III IKiO^NK'S rAMTAHiN. 
 
 wlio liuM Mill. I, llisit fi.Mii Miiviillmii ID Wal.iloo thn-.- 
 WHS iMMiiiirlliil ••vi'iit Unit liiid ii iii'H'- fiir-rfHcliln;r 
 hilliHiin- iijH.ii tlif iilTiilr.! "f 111.1. iliiiii til.' siim'ii.l.'r 
 lit SiinUo;rii. 
 
 ■niK MAItrll AM'TIIK HKKKAT. 
 
 luiiliijr 17711 1111(1 lilt' early »|iiiiiy: «'f 1777, mi iiniiy 
 
 iiii.l.'iSii(iiiv Cuili'toii. liii'l ' •' '"ll'.i.'l 1" '""- 
 
 mill, nii.l v.-i'y ciin'fiilly .lrlll«'<l mi'l .■.iiii|'|'«"l. li 
 
 WHS l.'.l l.y .'lll.'.'iN .>f jriviit i-iiy:... mUMI aii.l 
 
 ..iHclnirv. I'hllliiw, H1.MI..S.-1. K111/..T. MmiiiIU.'Ii, 
 Spoflit, "(Jiill, KliijrstoK. liiil'inniH, A.k :iii.l. i-iKli 
 ,111.1 iililiiiil.'iiiiw.lpr.)fi'ssl.M>aliliMlii.'ll..n iiiul.Tlln'. 
 Hv .■U'V.Tinlrijiii.' Uiir^'.'yii.- .■.)iitilv.Ml K. have 111.' 
 roimiiaii.l of llil'» army iraiisf.m-.l to liims.-lf. aii.l 
 Willi it lit- |ii«|.(.m.mI to fill liiH way down 111.- <'1.1 
 <li;inii.liilii-Haiat..uu trail, from Tanaila l.> AHmny. 
 ll,..|rt.MO-op.Mat.- Willi ll.i«.-, vviio wa^^ l.)f<allni. 
 loAll.any. aii.lSl. I-.'^.t. who way loa.lvaii.-.' .'aHl.rly 
 tliroiijih 111" Moliawk ValU-y. O" May !•>• '""• """ 
 comiiiaiKl alt.mt Kl.DOO Htr.)ii<,' was formally Inrm-.l 
 over lo him. ami early in .Inm- he proeee.le.l up Luke 
 Chami.lahi. uiul havinjr he.'ii join.-.l on Mie way l.y 
 iil.mil 400 In.liaiis. he ..ecupie.l Crown Toint on the 
 Inst .lay of •'iin.-. Next day liU forees arrived at 
 the .lef'eiiees of 'ne..ii.ler...ira. whleli was }iarri»one.l 
 by about live lhoiis;iml Amerieaiis uii.ler St. Clair. 
 At tliP p<dnt of liind wh.re the waters of Lake 
 (Jeorjre meet tho«<' of Chainplaln. u .raf,' ahont 
 sevi'iriiiimlre.l feet lil-fli. eommaiided all the Aineri- 
 ean works. This was oreupled wilhoiit great dltH- 
 eiilty by the Knjflisli. aii.l made iieeessary the 
 abandonment of nil the American works. This was 
 mimed Fort Dellanoe. On the nljrht of July r.-(i. I lie 
 
 mm--M-id.A>if-^ . ' j i v.u.%mj 
 
 *««,*.»«. -.■■«'-.■ .<-fi 
 
(AMrAHiN. 
 
 ntlinll to WiltlTlllO IhiTi- 
 
 11(1 11 nioi-f fiir-n'ucliln;r 
 iiii'ii lliiiii till' Kiirn'iiili'i- 
 
 TIIK DKKKAT. 
 
 »liiiii}r <if 1777, nil iirmy 
 I liri-li nilli'i'li'tl ill Cilll- 
 •lllfil null ((iiiipiM'il. ti 
 rent roiiriiy"'. "l^i'l "'"' 
 
 •scl, Kni/.iT. Miinilll 
 
 iilcaniiH, AtU imil, fiU'U 
 Hill (liMiiiiiiliiii iimliTtln'. 
 
 (• COIltllVI'll to liiivc til" 
 
 Uffcni'tl to liimx'-lf. '"'"• 
 liJM wiiy ilowii till' <'lil 
 from Ciiiiiiilii I" Alliimy. 
 (iwf, who wiiH to (tail up 
 III) will- li>iHlviiii<<'fnnln-ly 
 y. Oil May 10. 1777. tlif 
 hi;; was* foniially tui'iu-il 
 line he \in)('i'e(l('(l iij) Luke 
 •11 joiiu'il on *lu' wiiy l>y 
 lictl Crowii roiiit on the 
 lay Ills forces arrived at 
 ira. which waH jrarrlsoneil 
 iierieaiis uiitler St. Cliiir. 
 leie the waters of Lake 
 liauiplain. ii era^ about 
 Diiiinamled all tlie Ainerl- 
 iipieil without great (llHl- 
 iml iiiadt! necessary the 
 inerlcan works. This was 
 the ni"ht of .Tnly S-ft. the 
 
 W 
 
 wmv!!mp^?*7i] 
 
^^^!^,, 
 
 mwT 
 
THK MARCH AND THE PKKKAT. 
 
 17 
 
 Continental trooj)s rotrcati'd, scndinjr tlicir sick, 
 l)ai;<rajre ii"<l some jirovisions. to '\Viiit(-liiill liy l)0;its, 
 and tlieir army jroinjr into Vermont, Ei^jlity can- 
 non, tlionsands of tons of tloiir, meat and provisions, 
 and mndi annnnnition. small amis and iMinipnients, 
 were left behind. 
 
 Leavinjr the fortress of Ticondero^ia. the main 
 army of the Americans proceeded to llnhliardton, 
 Vermont, where Col. Seth WarixM- was pnt in 
 command of the rear jfiiard. and the main army 
 ]>ressed on to Castleton. Fraser. ever alert and 
 energetic, had immediately ^iven pursuit of the 
 tleeinjj Americans, and came up with (_'ol. Warner's 
 command, at lliihhardton. A liercc liirht took i)lace 
 in which severe losses were suffer(^d on both sides, 
 the Americans losiiio; over three hinulred and the 
 Britisli iM'arly two hundred. Warner had failed to 
 obey orders and keep close to tlie main army, and so 
 was unsupported. Fraser was assisted by reinforce- 
 uientR, and Warner retreated, leaving several pieces 
 of artillery on the tiebl. Fraser came very near 
 being surrounded and cut off, and but for the timely 
 arrival of reinforcements would have been captured. 
 
 Meantime Burgoyne had pursued by water that 
 part of the American army which liad sailed to 
 Whitehall, and had sent a force over the moiintains, 
 at South Bay. to cut off theretre.t of the Americans 
 from Whitehall to Fort Ann. 
 
 The fleet overtook and destroyed the Ameri<'an 
 boats near Whitehall, and the stores, batteaux and 
 mills there were btnned l)y the Americans, who 
 retreated by Wood Creek to Fort Ann. A force was 
 immediately sent forward by Burgoyne to attack 
 Fort Ann. This fort was occupied by a garrison of 
 
 wmmwmnswT- 
 
ill '■ 
 
 
 TIIK MAUCIl AND THE PE1.KAT. 
 
 5U,„„«l.llv 11,., .•«.„,.»„.- . t ( «\ > ; » ' ,,^„| 
 
 i:r::;:;;;;;';.;:"^j.:;;;;;u,;-,:i;:^.i— .- 
 
 lev's ainiy. 
 
 TlIK .TANK MC-CKKA TKAOEKY. 
 
 On hilv "Tth. occurred- tlx- tra-cly of Jan. 
 ""■",''r I',;, iv- v,ll".. «».l -l^- -»' 
 
 :™if:^.."-";- fV;.^^rrz 
 
 ;;; ,t: Vu.,.;, .» »-« .e.,,!,, u,. ..»,«o. .»- 
 
) TllK OEl'KAT. 
 
 I. who liiul hvA-n jiliiccil 
 uyli'V, tt) liolil l>:i*'l< 1^'""- 
 be rt'inoved from Fort 
 of the l$iili«h the ijiin-i- 
 ith iiiul fiiivi! hiittl'/ at or 
 ,wi. iis Kiiiios' Fulls, or 
 ) cngiijr'.'KH'i't eiiMied, 
 tilt; Aiiit'rU'iiiis «.nvii:jr 
 ifs hciiijr reiiiforceil l>y 
 liiinicil the fort aiul fell 
 A\U^g trees ir 'h' romU^ 
 n<r n)ek.s ill Wood Creek, 
 th- iulvaiice of the enemy. 
 of Col. AViirnerV foree hail 
 ider Ht. Clair, ami all had 
 rd and there joined rieliuy- 
 
 (■Ki:.\ TliA(iKl>V. 
 
 red- tlie trajicdy of .Tana 
 ,.:uititid yoimg woman was 
 hs. MeNeal. with whom she 
 [ to Fort Miller, for jjreater 
 
 \vh(Mi they were snddenly 
 lavaires and hnrried toward 
 .arty" of the militia pursuing 
 rill" vollevs, and .lane vas 
 i„ul killed. She was at once 
 , iuul her 1)ody left on the 
 overed by her friends and 
 ow rest in the cemetery oe- 
 
 Sandv Hill, a little oft the 
 L. lias "l>een suitably marked 
 si„.-le event of the war had 
 
 TIIK MAIJCIT AND TllK IH'.I i:AT. 
 
 1! 
 
 more iiilluenee in arousin^r Ihi' Amerieans and stir- 
 rinjr them to a<'tion tlian the untimely death of this 
 jrirl. whose takinji; off was attriliute(l to tlieiJava;i('ry 
 of the British and Indians. It was fell that no 
 one was safe from such devilish barbarity. Ev<'ry 
 heart was stirred to venjjcance. 
 
 TUK EXl'KDITION A(iAlXST lll'.NMNi: TON. 
 
 I'pon arrivinjr at Fort Ann, Hnr^oyne havinj.' 
 learned that larjre stores of provisions, beef ami 
 horses had been erdleeted at Henninjiton. despatched 
 Col. Baiim with a force of tln'tierman troops to cap- 
 ture them. This expedition jiassed down and 
 crossed Batten Kil easterly of Schuylerville, and on 
 Aujrnst KJtli, fell in with liie .\mericans under 
 Stark. A lien'e, sharp and decisive enjiajjement en- 
 8ued, and altiionoh Baiim was reinforceil liy Col. 
 Breyman, all were driven back Iicfore the vijforons 
 eharges of the (Jreen Mountain Boys. Hreyman es- 
 caped with i)art of his force and joineil the main 
 army of Bnrjioyne, at Fort Miller, sifter si forced 
 march, on Aiifinst ITtli. The invaders lost in this 
 expedUiori, some line artillery, seversil hundred 
 stiinds of small arms, about seven Inindred prisoners, 
 and the bones of :i considerable number wen? h:ft to 
 blesich upon the hills of Vermont. !imon<>; them tin; 
 gallant Banm. This wiis the tirst resil set back 
 whieh Biirjroyne had experieneed, sind the moral 
 effect which it produced wsis very disastrous to him. 
 Ills Indian allies l)e'ran to desert ; his troops lost 
 their contidence and dash ; ami ly so much as his 
 own army lost enthusiasm, by so much were the 
 Americans encouraged smd strengthened. 
 
TllK MAUCll ANI. THK VV.VV.XT. 
 
 ::::■ -:;r;'i.^.. -;.,;;-; --»»;;- 
 
 plans an.lstreuothof theu.x.ule i 
 
 until mc .u.ii, .^ ■; ,,^,.,,, -eve consumed in a.l- 
 
 vivev wus taken up. 1"" '''J ^,. ,^„ -...fonnution 
 
 , practicable spot to oppose the Vf^'^'^J" 
 ^ ^ . . TT,M-p he w IS superseileil hj o.iks. 
 
 .oyne-sanny. '^ /Vooo n.en took up a posi- 
 
 "'"'TSnis ei.h^ 'vhere fovtifientlons .ere 
 t,.,, at B*^'"'^ ""^^ ,V„j Kosciusko, consisting of 
 :;:;::^Sv:oi-;;^hatteHesHion. the eastern 
 
1) TIIK OKFKAT. 
 
 Jurjroynefouuditik'seitid 
 s here joiiuHl by ii force <>f 
 UU8, iind ii.lviinciu!,' tlowii 
 ,(l ocoupie-l I" "»t Miller o.i 
 thill a few (liiya the n.aiu 
 iTimumls of the Beninng- 
 l„.r,., iuul ii halt was made 
 riiij; this time tlie Anieri- 
 nforiuatioH aw to location, 
 invatlevs. From Sept. lltli 
 lu-umped near tlie present 
 ml preparations were made 
 ntrenelmients to cover the 
 (,n tlie IJeniiiiijiton siiU- or 
 up ; a hridjte of boats was 
 l„w t)ie present mills of the 
 r company, and on the i:Uh 
 fler passii.<; the river Hm- 
 presentsiteof SchuylerviUc, 
 
 leisnrely march down the 
 ur davs were consumed in ad- 
 „.iy little or no infonnatioii 
 cugth or movemeuts of the 
 
 in* '. ,, 
 
 )ack from the north to StiU- 
 the mouth of the Mohawk, 
 Van Schaick's island as beinf? 
 oppose the passatre of Hm- 
 e WIS superseded by CJatos, 
 li c 000 men took up a posl- 
 8, where fortifications were 
 s'of Kosciusko, consisting of 
 ' batteries along the eastern 
 
 TIIK MAUCl! AND TUK KKKEAT. 
 
 i\ 
 
 sind nortliem parts of l!ic liills. commaiidinj;' the Hats 
 sihmg tlie river, and ilic apiiroachcs from llic north ; 
 iilso n line of works from the hills to thi! river. 
 Hanked by a water lialtery at tJie river-side, line 
 tiates awaited the comiiifr of l$iii»(>yne. On llie 
 r.ith, Hiirjjoyne havinj'- no delinite information as to 
 the whereabouts or strenjrDi of tJie Americans, 
 moved forward on .a .sort of armeil reconiioi.ssaiice, 
 vith his army in three divisions, the (Je'-mans near- 
 est the river, his own division in tlie centre, and 
 FiT.ser in the woods toward the west. Aliout tlie 
 middle of tlie afternoon, the centre accidentally eii- 
 jia<;ed a portion of Mor<-an"s men who were scout- 
 hi^, at Freemairs farm. A sharp liglit ensued. 
 Eraser came- to the assistance of the centre, and 
 Morjjan was worsted and fell back, but assistance 
 beiiijj .sent him. a bloody engagement took place. 
 The clearing at Freeman's farm was repeatedly lost 
 and won by both sides, until near ni<;htfall, l{ei- 
 desel advancinuf from the river saved the British 
 from total defeat. Niglit coming ou, the Americans 
 withdrew within their lines, and the liritish camjied 
 on the field. The American loss was about four 
 hundred, and the IJritish eight hundred to one thous- 
 iiiid. Neither side renewed the attack next day, 
 and soon IJurgoyne began to build a fortilied camp, 
 which extended from the field of Freeman's farm to 
 the river, entrenchments strengthened by redoiilits. 
 At the river the IJritish works were about the pres- 
 ent site of Wilbur's Basin. 
 
 For nearly three weeks Burgoyne lay inactive 
 w itir.n his camp. His positions were strengthened 
 by additional entrenchmeuts and batteries, but little 
 
22 TIIK M Alien AM) THK KKKI'.AT. 
 
 tl,.,u..l. tlu- An.nirans NV.Me s,. clns,. Mt 1...imI tl...t 
 ;r .„•.....,. ..ouM 1..- h.-;.nl. Tlu. f.-llinjr of tm-H 
 
 „„,„„« t., tlu. HHtisl.. l'.ovls..>ns -•••<'''',". 
 IC, diivs rations, an.l f..n.}iiiif;' I'="<"'*' ^^••"■^" "' 
 .no'^ful that r;..i..ns .ere r.^ln.....! by UMr,..yne . 
 
 '"'Si M.M'stion ..f fuHinsi I'^xk to tlu- ^v..rUs at 
 
 until nn arinc.l ro.-onnoissan.-c .-o..!.! l'< '"•'"«• 
 Mo nwl il... evnv nu.v.-nu.nt ..f Hnr,..yn.V anny 
 ^i;";^..,-,! to his a.lv,.r.ary. an.l all things wm-.n 
 
 veaiVnu'SB to r.eeiv. l.ls attack wh.n n.a.i.-. 
 
 On th. forenoon of Oct. 7tl.. llnro-oync K- Ins 
 foLtoapolnta1,onttwo.t..inlsofan.ne.^cs.. y 
 
 fnnn Frecn.un-s farn.. whore was a ^^— *-'';" 
 the tr<.oi.s havinff l.e.,> .leploye.l in line, In-... t . 
 . u 1 e forao-,: Meanwhile a .letaclnnent wh..l. 
 :; ,e 1 e t'iorwar.l on the Hritish rl,ht to,a.n 
 ^eLroftheAnierieanlef0.a.n.eena.eov^^^^^ 
 •uul after a snnirt skir.nlsh .Irlven baeU. Bnifioj ni s 
 ml of troop, havlnfr h-en reported to Gates, a... 
 •IZla as a ehallen^e to battle, the An-eneanB 
 "e" ulved into position for aggressive operatuMi.s 
 
 Morgan was clispatohe.i "-l-,""";' .Athene 
 posUlon westerly of the British nght, fiom whence 
 
 heeoultl outflank them. 
 
 Poor an.l T.earnecl moved to the front o .rr- 
 .ovne-. left, and at half-past two attacked with 
 Se t vi.^or. For a half hour the tide of battle he 
 ;, ."ed to and fro with great -'>--^5 ' ""'t 
 ^ice was taken and retaken four times; Majoi 
 
r 
 
 I THE KK.KI'.AT. 
 
 lemy was ohtaiiu'il. iil- 
 ,. so dose at liaiul tliat 
 1. 'I'lio fflliufr of tm'-* 
 (.iiworkRwciTinstliittly 
 
 ivls'oiis were vcdufcil to 
 .iiio' imrtifs were so iiii- 
 e n'tliicetl >>>' Hi\r}royiie's 
 
 ■• liiick to tlH' works at 
 nud liflt' '" alii-yaiioe, 
 ssiiiit'C could Ix' iiiadf. 
 •lit of IJiiinoyiif's army 
 ,1-y. aiid all lhiiij:s\vm'ii» 
 lick wlicK iiiadf. 
 t. 7tli, Hiir^royiH! Ifd Ids 
 ,-thinlsof a iidle westerly 
 ic was a wlicat-lU'ld, and 
 
 ■ployed ill liii«'i '"'fi'"" *'* 
 hile a detaclniieiit which 
 
 tlie British ri-;lit to »aiii 
 left had l)eeu discovered, 
 i.lriveii iKiek. Biirfroy lie's 
 Ml reported to Gates, and 
 to battle, the Americans 
 
 for aggressive operations, 
 mder cover of woods to a 
 liritish riglit, from wlieiiee 
 
 >ved to the front of Bnr- 
 df-past two attacked with 
 liour the tide of hattle here 
 , great carnage ; one tield 
 •erakeii four times; Major 
 
 TIIK MMiCIl AN1> TlIK I»K1 KAT. 
 
 2:t 
 
 Acklaiid was wounded and the Hrilisli left was 
 driven liai'k. 
 
 Meanwhile Morgan descended like a Ihuiiderliolt 
 upon the right, and with the aid of Dearborn's two 
 regiments, sent it Hying in confusion. I'or a time 
 Die wliole American onslaught was conccutrated on 
 the Ilrilish centre, which was gullantly defeiidetl by 
 Col. Specht. Meanwhile, I.ord Halcarras had ral- 
 lied IJu.rgoy lie's right and again led I hem forward. 
 
 Frascr, w ho had led au ailvanee guard on the Brit- 
 ish right, seeing the peril of tlie centre, which was 
 now sorely pressed, hastened to its assistance. His 
 energy was so conspicuous, that sharpshooters were 
 detailed to pick him off, and in a few moments he 
 w as shot through the vitals by one of Morgan's men. 
 
 Ills loss threw Burgoyne's army into eonfiision. 
 ami at this moment, three thousand reinforcements 
 arriving for the Americans, a retreat within the 
 breastW(U-ks was ordered by Burgoyne. The en- 
 gagement had now occupied about an iiour. 
 
 No sooner had the retreat been sounded than Ar- 
 nold, rushing to and fro at the head at the Ameri- 
 cans, everywhere inspi.ing them with his ow n coiir- 
 rage, fell ui)on the British entrenchments. Inch by 
 inch the ground was stubliornly contested, until ut 
 nightfall tlie British were in retreat. The great 
 redoubt on their right, the key of their fortilications 
 was in the hands of the i>atriots. and Arnold, wounded 
 ill the thickest of Die fray, had covered liiniself with 
 a '.-lory, which his subsequent shame will never 
 efface. Darkness put an end to the tightiug. 
 Burgoyne's troops were withdrawn to the lowlands 
 along the river, and tl.ere remained until the even- 
 
 W;*iim w >i > mn'j i ' ' 
 
TIIK MARCH ANP TllK LKKKAT. 
 
 SclmvU-ivint". 
 
 TIIK 8t'KUKN»KU <;R<>UX1'- 
 
 1 ..t o.t SHi. with 111** 
 ,U.fe.tea unny nun th- f. .n 1 ^^^^^_ .^^_ 
 
 a.un.ourly i.. .lauj:.M- .fat. f ^^^^^^ ^,^^^ 
 
 ,,,.,,.,1 hy n.hi nu.l n,n-y ''''f.^'^,,\,,a l.-:.vy 
 
 camp «"1"1"'«'' "H „ tl..- '...>.. au.lhalf.1 h. 
 Covevillo, just bofoiT ..y « , j.,,„„ ,„.,•« 
 
 T.u,y A.kh.u.l, with her n.uul • - ;^ .,,_ ,,, 
 ,„a the .haphuu, set .m »"f ;;';',;:„,,. „..,• 
 
 ^^''■<''"^- ':r::i;i':y:'.X ■■■i.e. ■ 
 
 soiiking y^rmma to fast . u Sehnyler 
 
 Mansion 80vitli of «''« ^'^•^''; " " enlivened by tlio 
 smiles of liisunsiu. , nuuision 
 
 ,I.Su.a,..Uhe|.llv«tlo™.fW.««.l-- 
 
) TllK nV.KKAT. 
 
 look up tlM- line of V- 
 , wurrfUtUT ^'n>tm<l, ut. 
 
 ,., of ().t. stl.. with »»!» 
 i,T llcl.l <.f HcinisH<'lj!:1'»S 
 ItacU from tin- nsir, im- 
 rou.ls, crn.{ti<>,ir with the 
 s of aitllh'iy 111.(1 h.'iivy 
 „, rcrtclKMl I)ov<-jriit. or 
 on tlK- itlh. aiKl hiiltctl lii 
 ■ar ni-htfiiU. From h<'<-« 
 nuUl, hi'i- hiisl.iind-s valot 
 hvoufrh ii (Iriviii^' storm, lu 
 the litres of (JatesJ. H»'r 
 the theme of many "'''^- 
 tlie ninth, the sirmy wmh 
 veniufr Burooyne's troops, 
 twentv-fonr h<mrs, forde.l 
 kiUe, iuul lay »lown on the 
 „,„n nK.rning. The eom- 
 alters in the oUl Sehnyler 
 eek, and here a ehampagne 
 ..panh.ns, enlivened hy tho 
 ,e beautiful hut IhUle wife 
 rles, made the old numsion 
 ,d helped hira to forget hm 
 am of his troops. 
 X took up their positions on 
 ,f the river, exteudin>r north. 
 luFish Creek, positions which 
 ,y Col. Fellows, who had oc- 
 of the river. 
 
 k^4' 
 
 
I 
 
Tin; SIHItKNKKU IIUOIM*. 
 
 •i:. 
 
 The UiHIhIi (iifiiiicli.TH. I,l;.'lit liifiiiiiry mihI 
 Fimsit'm Hiuip'is. <Hrii|iicil !i forlillfil ctunii dii tlif 
 pri'j'i'iit site iif 111"' S'ir:il<>jr:i Moiiiiiiu'iil. rrospfci 
 mil rfiiicfi-ry and Vlil<My nmhmI^ mihI fmiii IIhm<' 
 ittrctrlilii;.' iiwiiy to the iit)rtli. Tin' (i<Tiii;iii Iniops 
 wen- viii'aniiifd on the lil-rli pliilii cNtciHlin^' fn'in 
 Spriiifr i'lr»"<'t iii)rtli«;iril I" lln- Miirsliall plaic. 
 
 Anierlciiii (Ictai-liiiHMils iindn- «'..|. Tcllows liad al- 
 ready occupied the hills east of tlii' river, strclclilnjr 
 down from a point somewhat norlli of Halleii Kil. 
 alonj,' the jireHcnt site of Clark's Mills, to a point op- 
 posite Fish < 'reek. Next afternoon. Oct. Kith. Hie 
 Amerli'ans arrived on tlie hl;;li jironnds skirt In-; 
 Fish Creek, from the jiresent sili'of lloricon Mill to 
 tlio vlllajre of Victory Mills. Hellevin-r lliat the 
 main army of the Itrilisli liad n-treatt-d, It was re- 
 solved to attack the remainder al dayliiiht of ihe 
 mil, anil erossinn; Fish Creek nnder cover of a foji, 
 tho Americans narrowly escaped deslrnclion hy an 
 ambuscade. Hetreatlii'r across tin; Creek. Morgan's 
 men hy a inanh to the west occupied the hi;;li 
 jrroiind to the west of ]{nr},n)yne"s troops, extendiiifj; 
 frimi the elevations wt'sterly of Victory Mills, alon^' 
 the hrow of the hills westerly from where the nioiui- 
 meiit now stands ; thence alonjr the hills in rear of 
 the Marshall House; and thence In rear of Ihe Hil- 
 Unjis place, at Northumherland. restln<r on the 
 river, about two miles north of Schuylerville. The 
 main army of tlie Americans remained south of 
 Fish Creek. 
 
 The o])jective point in Burjroyne's retreat was the 
 north lakes, and ultimately, Canada. To accom- 
 plish tills he must now eitlier cross a consJdera- 
 
M TIIK 51 IIUI'M'I'" «•"<">'"• 
 
 ,,,.. „„„,,., an.l l.n..k Hm- Au.nlr.n II... ..„ 11..- 
 
 my ... (.•......!..• l..l):>.<- "• " "••'^^;"''- 
 
 K vho,,rlnm U im....l.y ..f n....... . ^l-- 
 
 . .i„fi,n.o..>.M.tH x>.n. .MmK.a.,lly ...•.■.vl..« fo. '1- 
 
 i,,,l 1..- ..l.:....l.....Ml l.ls ■..•mi.'.y a...U...•|.l..H.•'l..l|'- 
 ., . ,,.-,.a.,..lwHl...n, 1..1...USP....... ..- 
 
 n ',,,1.. .wui, !..• ."i»:i.'. i-'-i-- '-^" '';;'"' 
 
 ,„.Uo.. ••''"'l'' '•^'" ' V iff-s l.oi.e'* t,.v., to il..«t 
 
 liiive xeen tl.e |.ro.i<Usl of l.rt s ..«'i» 
 
 L Hardy, l.> fn.nt of >vl.i.... the a.....s .eve 
 
KU (.IKUNH. 
 
 Amcrlrun llin' "" '•"' 
 
 llMllllltlt'lUllimiilTi'llH 
 
 ijiliM to 111'' ••iiHtwiinl. 
 im.Milly "f n-ln'iit. »\w>' 
 ^imiily iinlvliiK f"!' I''" 
 il.iiifiitx «»•»•«• (liinlioylnjf 
 
 thr r«>;l(l.'* I" till- ll'Mth. 
 
 ■tllli'iy ami Hiniilii'* <''l'>'r- 
 1 pOKKlllll- tllM'"''"'' '""" 
 
 p.MliMpK. li:i\<' nivid 111" 
 (;.mi.m;i1 lonVIIKpllK' i*!!"' 
 |,lly giil.lc 111" ii'll"" '" 
 l.y'i.ion- lliiiii »v<' •ill"'" 
 ,s," lil>* provWioiirt iilmost 
 .mmaiul.Ml l.y IIk' fi.rmyV 
 [,..lU-tl liliii '" wiintiKli'i-. 
 
 w.M-e sljfiif'l, It !>* ■*'''•' 
 t in iK.w till' lowiM- <'ntl of 
 
 11 i«i.()t now iiuukoil liy « 
 I „f a Imiltrm^' ; lil« '""■" 
 ,in« of ol.l Fort llnv.ly, on 
 m au.l staitc.l so.ill.iMly 
 en tlM- lUfs of CoiiUn.iital^. 
 ,. AlHMit a mil.' Hoiith of 
 ,nt of (Mt<''<" lK'!ul<l»»i'>t''''^' 
 ,nl 111 till! iirt'st'iice of liolh 
 till- j.ronil foiiiiiiaiKlfi- as in- 
 
 cl„wii to llif lii'lil of til.- 
 tupoutliiMijounK'.v totlK'ii- 
 rociat*'.! only l>y those who 
 )f liff'9 hopes turn to ilnst 
 yi's. 
 t of whi.li the arms were 
 
 1 
 
 TiiH «iimKNi>i".u onorNn. 
 
 •J7 
 
 •taeUe.l. Htooil in the allele foinieil l>y the <onlluen.e 
 
 of Klsll Cieeli and llie llllilsoll. to llielioilhof ihe 
 
 ftirtner. It lin'l 1 n ImHt '""".v y'"'" '"'f<'>'' '" ""' 
 
 ••arly FreiK-h an.! Iinllan warK. Mementoes of its 
 
 former military eliaiaeier liuve lieeii i arllie.l in 
 
 reeenl years, lint eiiltlvateil llel.ls ami villajre lots 
 have pVaelieiilly oliliterated ali traees of it. Tlie 
 Hann' is trm- of almost all parts of tlie famous eamp 
 ground of IJmjioyiie. Alon<f the wooded rld^'e he- 
 tween tlie vllla;:es of Vietory iiml Scliuylerville, 
 .■arliiwoi-Ks may siill he Iraeeii. Hut the naine 
 
 plon^dishare wliicli inrnsiii in< and l.uiiets. Iiones, 
 
 ■ sh.'lfs and otiier ivli.'s. levels and (dfae.'s tiie Idstoric 
 landmarks, and in a ^h n't time ail vlsllde traees of 
 llie;.n-eat slru^i'^'le will have melted away forever. 
 Tlnronly open llel.l. as far as luiown. wliieh has 
 never felt I he plonjilishare from the hattle to the 
 present time, is on the farm of Henjamin Sarle, just 
 ImIow ilie I'reeman Farm, and wliieh wast.eenpied 
 hv the Aine-ieans dnriny:lhe haltles of Sei.t. linh 
 aini Oel. Till. What ivli.'s lliis Held may hold in 
 ^KM-e will not he iuiown until Its present proprietor 
 has passed away, as he keeps it In its viri;in soli. 
 
 TllK M' >IM', <»1' TIIK Vl( TOin. 
 
 As long MS reverent reniemhranee of the deeds of 
 urentnieii shall draw the world's Irave'l.fs to the 
 s.'enes of their aeeompiisiimeiit. so Ion- will eaj^Pi' 
 visitors love to liiijrer over the seene of tin- jiieatest 
 military ev Mit of modern times. M Umg as men 
 seek out the Muuiumeiits wliieh murk (iod's eoveiiant 
 with His peopl. in the wilderness, or tlelve after the 
 hurled cities of the plain, wliieh ILmier RiniK': as 
 Ion.' as the seuliitured shafts iind ruined nrehes of 
 
i: 
 
 ! !i 
 
 TlIK HCOl'K OK TUB VKTOUY. 
 
 ,,,,:,„•..« an,l st:it.'.s...;msl.M.: as Unv^ . M.n.Uhm 
 I W t..rl..o sl.Mll dnnv to tlu-n. XW pil-nu.ajtes ..f 
 
 u e :;;;;;":o Ion,, ^ >.>....•. wn;;ue .-.. 
 
 h.ittle <M-..uu.l ..f iH"'h''-'> I'.sU.vy l.e Uaveiseu, 
 ::;;L'^'ulreme.n.H.re.lV,yai.cU>les and lover. ..f 
 
 .livi,,! -.ml W.'sc.rii .■Ivill/.all"" "as seen.. I. 
 
 V ,'n .,.'.,.■, i...i..-.i»i <•"»"!■' «'•■■" »"■;■"; "■""' 
 
 :;:":;:s:;:s;s:r".*r:r:;;:,,«:.o^; 
 
 tlK! Wi-stcru Worhl. ami ii • si" - 
 (.!U»e a posslhility. 
 
 we oinc.lSir Henry ClintonV vletorious av.ny o. 
 
 u'r-rLav. ...h. l^uropeun p..we,^wou.. 
 
 never have lent their ...'^s.stanee. he s, .uk or n 
 o .endeneo wonld h..ve been ext,nj.M...shed ... the 
 
 .,f ..iwl ilie lai-oe eoucept.oi..-^ of l.ot.ij 
 develop.nent, and tUt '■'- ' ,^ j,,^ 
 
 •u.d individual manhood \xhieh .t has lan 
 l.e would have bee., postponed for centnr.es. 
 If the history of any spot .U>on the good, gree.. 
 
 -~(iSi??J>i"w:;'i.».-:-i« 
 
TUB VKTOKV. 
 
 ilocnience the trliunplis of 
 ip ; as loiijr »s MariitlK.u 
 I, tluMii tilt' piloriinaijcs of 
 lou^'.T, will the greatest 
 „ history he traversed, 
 ,y lUsciples ami lover.s of 
 
 coiujie of Go.l." with his 
 [eated, from Chaloiis, the 
 ICC ami barharism tiirned 
 
 civilization wai* secured, 
 il (iiiards were swept from 
 iterloo, the wave of despot- 
 ) enj-ulf all Europe, was 
 „ the veterans of r.iirgoyne 
 „ the heij:hts of Saratojra, 
 
 nil.' were vaiu,uished f«'r 
 1 fi- .(- self liovernu'ent be- 
 
 ,„,.rc honest reason to he 
 „ts, nor jrreater event to 
 , Ameriea in its Battle of 
 „c snceeeded here, he would 
 •lintonV victorious aruiy on 
 European powers would 
 ssistance. The si)ark of in- 
 i, been extinjruished in the 
 •v. I'opidar ,self-»overnmeni 
 I a soil so favorable for its 
 laroe coneei)tions of liberty 
 „d which it has tanjrht the 
 )ostpoued for centuries. 
 - spot upon the good, green 
 
 THE ?C()i'i; (ir tiik victouy. 
 
 29 
 
 eartli enlist llic interest of men who love the grand 
 and full jiroJcctiou of freedom, il will be thai of Ihc 
 hills and vales wliere marches and struggles, tri- 
 umphs and defeats of contending armies settled the 
 destiny of countless nnbtu'u generations, along the 
 Itorders of the placid Hudson. 
 
 TIJl'; lOKTS AT SCIIL'VI.KUVIM.K. 
 
 The lirsl fort at this place was built in \1>MK 
 Major I'etcr I'hilipp Scliuylcr, Mayor of All)aiiy, on 
 a march against the French, at Crown Point, built a 
 fort below FIsli Creek, on the west bank of tlie 
 Hudson, which he <-alleil Fort Saratoga. This is 
 said to Inive been tlielirst use of the name, Saratoga, 
 by white nu'i:. This fort stotxl until 174."). when it 
 was b\n-ned at the sacking of the )ilace by tlie 
 Frencli. 
 
 In ITOJt, during the war between the F'rench and 
 Knglish, following the accession of (iuecn Anne, 
 (.'ol. Peter Schuyler, advancing from Albany against 
 Canada, built a stockaded wooden fort east of tlie 
 Hudson, opposite Saratoga, (now Schuylerville). 
 ami near the Halten Kil. In 174(1-7, Fort Saratoga, 
 which had been burned during the nnissacre of 1745. 
 was rebuilt on the west of the river, north of the 
 mouth of Fish Creek, of logs and hewn tind)er. It 
 was 150x100 feet, and had six bhuk houses within. 
 It was nami'd Fort Clinton, after Gov. (jCo. Clinton. 
 This was abandoiu'd ami burned by the English in 
 the fall of 1747. In 1755, says Xeilson in his sketch 
 of Burgoyne's campaign, the Freneli, under (ien. 
 Dieskau, when on their way to menace Albany and 
 thus waril off an attack on Crown Point, built Fort 
 Hardy, the renniius of which were stamllng at Bur- 
 
30 TIIK SC<»1'E OF TIIK VICTOUV. 
 
 jrovne-s Rurren.ler. Tl... intren.-luuents o,.n.,.u'.8 
 about 15 acvs ..f oto,,...! -it the north u..-le of V .sh 
 Creek uuil IIiulsoii Uivcr. 
 
 THE 1IAU9IIAI.I. ri.ACK. 
 
 \o visitor will fxil to see this famous iiouse, which 
 was the seeue of .so lUi.uy brilli:.ut experiem-es j.ist^ 
 prior to the elosiufr of th-: -rent ennu.a.-n, m.uI 
 which will ever live iu history fn.n. <»••• J.^;=M'l"'- '•- 
 liueution of those seeues by Ma.b.u.e H.e.lesel t la 
 ,„ost sweet nn.l wouun.ly eharaeter. who had tin. 
 pleasure and the pain of *ket<hin- them 
 
 This plaee is situated on the Fort hdwan -tafrt 
 road, a little north of the villaoe linnts It was 
 owned dnrin- the Hevolntion by >»='J'"- ''•;';;;";• 
 who. a little later. 17S7. sol.l it to Sa.n.u-l sh 
 ,„ unele. and Samuel Marshall, father o the l..t. 
 AVilliam B. Marshall, whose wi.low and heirs now 
 own and reside upon the place. 
 
 The frame of the house remains unaltere.l. and 
 the .'eneral arrangement of the ro.HUS is tl..' same as 
 the days when U was under tire. The northeast 
 odm, in Ihieh Sur,eon .Tones was killed wh.le nn- 
 der-oinjr an amputation of the lejr. was sonu-^hat 
 llpaired about 1S43, und the ren,ainder of the l^nse 
 was reboarded and roofed anew about IM.S. >N.tl 
 these alterations the liouse remains in its origu.al 
 
 "'vbluT'two o-eloek in the afternoon of October 
 tenth, 1777, a r.ule calash containing '•-' V"""*^, •;"'; 
 beautiful Baroness Kiedesel an.l her three ittle 
 ..iris drove up to this house, that they ndj^h be as 
 Far ren.oved as possible fron. the danjrer of the pu - 
 8„ln- enemy. Strefhing away to the southwest lay 
 
IK VICTIinV. 
 
 trenclinieiits occiii>i<M! 
 lie north unfrle <'f 1'""''' 
 
 [, ri.ACK. 
 
 lis famous house, wliiHi 
 
 lliiUit experiences just 
 
 •jreiit eninimi;rn, :»ntl 
 •V from the jTrajihie th'- 
 
 MiMhiine Hiedesel. that 
 hanuter. who liail th<; 
 chinfi them. 
 
 tlie Fort Kdwanl stajre 
 viltat-e limits. It was 
 on by Miiji'i" I':>>i«'"Ji- 
 I it to Samnel Uiishee, 
 linll, father of the hite 
 '. witlow ami heirs now 
 
 ee. 
 
 remains unaltered, and 
 the rooms is the same as 
 der tire. The northeast 
 nes was killed while nn- 
 
 the le<r. was somewhat 
 3 remainder of the hotise 
 
 anew about IStiS. With 
 ■ remains in its orijrinal 
 
 IP afternoon of October 
 witainiiiK the youn<i and 
 sel and her three little 
 !■. that they mijiht be as 
 m the (lanjrcr of the pur- 
 iway to the southwest lay 
 
 Tin; MAltSIIAI.l- I'LAlK. 
 
 :n 
 
 lJiir;>dyne"s ISrilisli troops, and the German Aiixili- 
 itries, re.stin;j in their retreat from llie battle ;rround 
 near Hemis llci<>lits. KartJier away to tlie west 
 were .Morj-an's famous rillemeii, takin^r up positions 
 jilonj;' IJurjroync's front and Hank. Just across the 
 river to Ijie east, in tJm aulumn-tintetl woods, the 
 forces t)f Coi. Fdlows wtue tuiiiirinji their batteries 
 to bear upon the foe at bay. As llie party halted 
 before IJu- house, some soldiers stationed across the 
 river. levelle<l their muskets. Hastily pushing her 
 children to tlie bottom of tlie waj>oii. the younjr 
 mother had barely time to throw herself down be- 
 fore the bullets of these sharp-shootiiijjf Ami-ricans 
 <!ame whistliiif? overlu'ad. severely woundin<; a sol- 
 dier in atfeiidauce. The house was soon resorted to 
 by the other ladies of the army and some wounded 
 tioliliers. No sooner had tlicy enteied than the 
 Americans stationed (ui the heijtht.s a(;ross the river, 
 .seeing the <ratherin<r and supposinjr the |)lace to be 
 the British hcadiiuarters. trained their artillery upon 
 it and opened a lire which speedily drove the in- 
 mates to the cellar. Here Madame lliedesei lay 
 «lowii in a corner, holdinij the heads of her three 
 children in her lap and iiuietinjj their 'ears as liest 
 she could, while the tiring- continued outside. The 
 cellar was divided by plank partitions into three 
 apartments, into which the women, wounded olHcers 
 and soldiers were distributed so as to occui>y as 
 little spai-e as possible. Here, huddled tofrether. 
 amiilst the cries ami firoans of the wounded, the 
 darkness and damp of the cellar, and the stench of 
 the wounds and a<'ciimulatin}^ tilth, the nijrlit was 
 passeil in terror. Early next morning the tiring was 
 
 -Tr"^^as«Srss^ssrer!5B»«^-'«' 
 
:t-i 
 
 THK MAUSIIAI.I- IM.At i:. 
 
 HMicwcl with more severity tluin ever. Hlcv.'.i cim- 
 „„n balls passed thnu.-li the house ^vilhil. a short 
 tin,,.. Siirj:eon .lones, who had already l.eeinvom.d- 
 ...1 s„ severely as to re.inire an :niiiuilaliou of the 
 ie..- was Iviu^' on u tahle in Hie northeast room ..ver 
 tlie'eellar in the midst of Ihe oneralion. wlien a 
 imssin- eann.m hall earrie.l away ids r.'maiuin;;- leu-. 
 He was then ahaiidoiwd to die in a eorner. Coward- 
 ly soldiers endeavored to foree their way mUo the 
 cellar ami with diffleidly restvidned. «.Mnided 
 otHeers e.Mislantlv hein- hron-ht in for nnrsin.!.-. 
 sutTerin-. thirst and death inneiised Ih- horror of 
 the situath.n. Xo one dare.l to -m. to the rivr for 
 water, save :i soldier's wif.-. whose sex was respeete.l 
 bv the enemv. and who w.Mit down re<rnlarly and 
 fetched a snndl siii.i.iy, unmolested by sharpshoot- 
 ers across the rivers, llorses stood rea-ly saddled at 
 the door, provided for the lianun-ss' eseai)e m case 
 furtlier retreat became possible. Only ni.ou the 
 surremler could the little eomi.any abandon Ihe 
 close packin"' box, winch had b<en at (.nee a hospital, 
 a refu-.' an.l a prison for so nnu.y <lreary hours, 
 from Oct. U)th to Oct. 17th. 
 
 The cannon ball whh'h killed Surjreon Jones was 
 probably tired from a little eminencce across the 
 river not far north of Hatten Kil. It entered the 
 northeast corner of the house and passed diafioually 
 across the room since used as a parlor, th.'uce 
 throu.'h the thick plank i.artition of the hallway 
 and on into the j-rouiid. One of these planks, w hich 
 was cut and shattered at one end by the ball in its 
 passaoe. is preserved upon the premises and shown 
 to visUors. One of the rafters, cut partly in twain 
 
 J 
 
-:';i 
 
 I, IM.Al K. 
 
 Iiiiii t-ver. Klcvi'ii Ciiii- 
 ' Imuse within :i short 
 1(1 aliTiitly been wdiinil- 
 :in aniinitntitiii of tin' 
 ic iKUlliciist room oviT 
 lie oDciMlio'i, wlicii a 
 way (lis rciiiaiiiiii;;- It'ii'. 
 ■ III a coriiiT. Coward- 
 ice tlicir way 'oto the 
 rest vail It'll. \\oiiii(1<m1 
 „iiohl ill for Miiisiiiu-, 
 iiicirastMl tln' liovfor of 
 
 to V'" '"' ''"' '■'^''''' '^"'" 
 vhosc sex was rcspfctcil 
 lit down refridarly and 
 iiolcslcd hy sliaipshoot- 
 ; stood ready saddled at 
 Uaroness" e.-seape in casi; 
 ssihlo. Only \iiion tin* 
 (•(nn|>any abandon the 
 I lieeii at once a hospital, 
 so many dreary hours, 
 
 lied Snrjrcon Jones svas 
 1' einineneee across the 
 ten Kil. It entered the 
 se and passed (liafjonally 
 ■d as a jiarlor, thciK'C 
 lartition of the hallway 
 lie of these jdanUs. which 
 c end by the ball in its 
 the {ireinises and shown 
 ers, cut partly in twain 
 
 
 
 1 
 
TIIK MAUPHAI.I, I'LACK. 
 
 38 
 
 by ii i)ii!>»liijr shell. WHS ivniDVcd from its i.liuc in 
 the frame while repiih-injr the lioiise in 1S(!S. iind is 
 iilso preserved iiixm tlie ])rcmises. In diirfrin;.' f<>i' n 
 small addition to the eellar in 18(iS, a small shot was 
 found Imbedded in the earth, wldeh, from its position, 
 is siip|)08ed to be tlieone whieh eut the rafter above. 
 Several other shot and l)its of shell ]>louj;hed n|) on 
 the farm are shown. Also a larjje ^rold eoin bearinjj 
 the tljrure and inscription of Georjre III, and on 
 the reverse side the British arms and an inscrijition 
 with the date, 1770. .V enrioiis old Hint lock musket 
 with bayonet, whieh was earried in the war Ity 
 Abrain Marshall, jrrandfather of the late William 
 B.. may also be seen. 
 
 The hujre jmiu' beams overlyinj; the eellar. one of 
 the front doors of the ancient hall-way, the piece of 
 rafter and plank above described, and the curious, 
 heavy front door lock which now protects the car- 
 riajte house from li;;ht-tin<fered nocturnal travelers, 
 are all as sound and well preserved as when the 
 house was built more than a century ajr". Oae of 
 the partition walls of the cellar renniins exactly as it 
 stood durinjr the cannonade. Another has been re- 
 moved and the cellar bottom cemented. Aside from 
 this it remains unchanged. 
 
 The cellar as at present kept, lifrht. clean and 
 sweet, with rows of shiniiif!: milk ])ans. heavy laden 
 with thick cream, and its ^reat fruit bins sujrficstive 
 of rich harvest stores, seem spacious and inviting 
 enough to lure the visitor to residence— and form a 
 l)icture of the charms of peace, in strong contrast to 
 the dark and bloody scenes . war enacted by the 
 
 i, 
 I 
 
 V 
 
 ^? mSWS ^w^J:tt^f-'>: (.jaA^?;^ 
 
34 
 
 ■rilK MAUSIIAI.I. I'l.M K. 
 
 frijil.t-MMMl l..-.ple who croNv.h..! th.-n. u l.un.Ur.l 
 yciiis iigo. 
 
 niK SCIHYI.Klt MAN>IO\. 
 
 \t the soutlHTii liiuil.- of S,l.uyl.Tvillc, .m th.' 
 l.ink of FisliCn-cU. slamls iIm- famous <"m.lr.V lions.- 
 of (J.MUMul Pl.ilil. Scl.nyUM-. ;. |.la.-.- of unfair...- .n- 
 t,.n'st to II..' l.isto.ia.. a...l t.av.ll.M- ; ..ot on y on 
 ,„.....n,.t ..f tl... sci-nes wl.h-h have I..-.-., .-..a.f.l ...-a.- 
 
 ■„. iM.t also on ar..<.unl ..f th.« ..ol.l.- .•l....-a.'tn- so ...- 
 
 li.naU-lv associal.Mlwitl. it. 
 Th.. chain of title to it is ..ot witho..t .....•.••■st. li 
 
 l(iS3 .•.■.•tain Mohawk S..rh..M.s ......vy..! Ihe " "I 
 
 Sa,-at..-u h.u.ti..- ^Tou...l to ('...•...•lius \;.n l>yl^. 
 ,1,,.. .Ia,.s..n U1,-..U.-.-. r.-t.M- l'l.ili|.i.s..n S.^L.tyU-f a...l 
 Joha..n.'ss W,M..U-11 : a .,uit-.-lai... was also l.a.l f.-o... 
 a ....nnant ..f the Mohi.-a..s. ..f a..y .ifil.ls th.'y ...ijiht 
 
 have i.. the lan.ls ; thenM.pon (iov. IX.i.Jjan issue.! .» 
 „„,„t fo.- th.-se lan.ls to sai.l -.'ant.'.-s a...l th.-iras- 
 s...-iat.-s. Dvi-lek Wessell. Davi.l S.huyle.- a...l Ko .e.;t 
 Livin.'St.M.'e. Next yea.- th.-se ..NVi.e.'s ....-t an-l .1- 
 
 vl,l...rthe lan.ls int.. seven pairels. f..,- whi.'h they 
 oMSt l.)ts Lot Xm.ilMM- Fiv.,-. all the lan.l west ..f the 
 ll,„ls..n an.l north of Fish C.eek, on whi.l. S.h..y- 
 l.Mville now stan.ls, was .haw., l.y Hohe.t I..v.n-- 
 ,t....... Lot Nu...l.e.- F...n-. s..uth ..f Fish (reek an.l 
 
 west ..f th.- Uu.ls...., fell to .lohan..es Wen.lell, who 
 
 bv his will in Killl, 'l^-vi^<-tl it «' ''"'^ '^""- ^^'"-ahan. 
 W..,..lell. In 170->, Ah.aha.n S..1.1 it to Johannes 
 S.-huvl.-r. who built the. .1.1 bvi.k .nansion uu.l sev- 
 eriil mills and otherwise .l.'velope.l a...l i...i)r..v.'.l he 
 p,,,,,er.v. lli.s 80..S. I'hili,. a...l .loh... Jr.. s.,e. e.'.le.l 
 hi.,, in the ownership of this i,...perty. an.l 1 h.l p, 
 unele of General IM.ilip Sel.uyle.-. .esi.kHl in th.s 
 
 J 
 
TIIK. S( III VI. Kit MANMON. 
 
 33 
 
 l'l.\< K. 
 
 led llii'iii It liiiiidn'tl 
 
 IAN>IOX. 
 
 SclmyltTvill"', <"• l'»' 
 fuiii()iis<'<'iiiitry lioiisf 
 (ilacc of unfailiii;! ii»- 
 ■iivcHit; n"t only <>ii 
 ivf liffll clliiclcd iiciir 
 luiltlc cliiiractcr so ii>- 
 
 f witlitMit iiiltTcst. In 
 ■ms coiivcycil iIk' <>!'• 
 I (onu'liiis Van l>yU. 
 lilipiisi'n Scliuylt'r aii<l 
 aim wan als" Iwid fn>ni 
 ' any ri^ilils they inijilit 
 (iov. Donjrau issued n 
 
 ^rrantffs and their ns- 
 Id Sclmylt'i- and Uoliert 
 se owiuMs met and di- 
 nrccls, for which <li«y 
 all llieland west of tin' 
 iffk. on wliicli Siliiiy- 
 ivvn liy HolK'rt I/ivin<r- 
 ,uth of I'ish Crcfli and 
 ■loliaiini'S Wendell, who 
 it to his son. Al>rahaui 
 III sold it to Johannes 
 
 briek mansion and sev- 
 elojicd anil improved the 
 iiid .lohn, Jr.. succeeded 
 is property, and rhilip, 
 •liuvler. resided in this 
 
 nian-iioii. until tie wiis slain in the massa'-ie of 171.'). 
 Uisnei.hi'w. tii'ii. IMiilip Schuyler, of Flevolutlonary 
 fami'. inherited it. ami on his death in ISdl, It fell to 
 his lirolher. John, and from John to his son. I'hilip. 
 nephew of the tjelieral. IMiilip's lepreseulatives 
 eonvcyed it to Col. (ieorjre St rover, whose heirs now 
 own Ihe place, and whose dail;'lilcr. .Mrs. John II. 
 Low lier, resides on it. 
 
 When Hurjfoyne reached hereon his icireal from 
 Heinis llcij-lits he took possession of tin' old mansion 
 for his headiinarters. and while the slorm lieat with- 
 out ami his Ininjrry soldiers, wearied with maK'hinj;', 
 lay down to sleep in wet >rarments upon the sodden 
 Viouiid. the house jrleameil with li;:hts and ranj-' w illi 
 merriment and clinking' j-lasscs. The eonimander, 
 with his mistress and s mii- Itoon comp.inions spent 
 the ni<;ht in nierryniakin};-, drinkinjr and carousing ; 
 sipianderinjr Ihe precious hours in which he shoidd 
 have been preparin<;- his troops for tlijihi. or takiiijr 
 precautions for defence. Oclolicr 11. 1777. the old 
 hriek house was hurned hy Huiffoyne's orders upon 
 the plea that "he was afraid the .Vmericun forces 
 would make some move under cover of the hmise." 
 
 The present house was tiuilt hy oriler of (ien. 
 (in\e», within a few days after the surrender. Kx- 
 cavations made within a year or two have hrouj-ht 
 to liiilit the c(dlar walls of Ihe old immsion, and 
 many relics, such iis knivcss. shears and othi-r relics 
 were found in the ruins. The old house stood a 
 little easterly of the present one. The present 
 house is practically iinchanjied in appearance since 
 hni linjr, smd is of ample prop(uli<uis. .Many inter- 
 est ■■■<; relics are there preserved and shown to visi- 
 
.J,, rill-. «ClirVI.|-,U MANSION. 
 
 ,.,r. will. «re«t .•ou.i.-sy. n..lNvill..«'ta.Mllnv; !»«•' !'>!- 
 f,.rlii>r of vuliiiilile iirluU!" licn'U.for.'. 
 
 An.onj;tl,Hna.euKW..nl...n-l.Mlut th. battle of 
 B....nln-U.n l.V a.. aUl.- of (;.-... Sta.U. wMl. a nwonl. 
 
 bv.lolu.Stn.vn- fatli.T of Col. (i-"r>r-- ^ '^ '• ^ » 
 
 ,.,u partook .lurlnfr a visit lo (i.-u. S.l.ny .- . lu 
 L:.lranUaplu,.fn.mUH..une..e.uUlfu ..^^^^^^ 
 „.,vi.'." NV.n- tak.^n l.y so.nu va.ulal vlHitor. A st.l .)r 
 ^f ll -h-Ih um.ar.h...! fn.m . .-liar oh.. 
 
 ;L..h..lls,,nM..s-,..!.lnulk..n.in,.r.«^^^^^ 
 .„.,. „„,,, ,„„ of a knot of W00.1. ... ll.- > •• ' 
 
 n . a bn-a.l l-wl. :J f-'t i" .•in-.n-f"-"...-. .l"f' 
 ;..soua.UM...tofak.,ot..fwo.,.;a..i.....^^^^^^^^ 
 
 oLn.,ilk..owl.o.aofw..i..l..h.«n.a,..n...fa 
 •ae his l..-.-a.l a...l n.ilk. wh.-. a hoy; a hl...W 1,.. 
 ;.-l. c..nhroi.UM-.-.l hy l.a...l. ovn- 100 y.-nn o • 
 .evral ;tohl rl..«.. 150 ya.s ohl ; a ,Mass h.-ll k,. . 
 fvo...l.:- house :.f U.......li.. A.-..ohl; a -l-l'"- • 
 
 ;:„...V..n.Ca..sa,ia.l7.7."onon.sh.an^o 
 
 other, a., m-utehc-o.. a,..l .nott<. : K. 1 1«'" .u 
 
 ''Then theie are a ...is..ella..eous a««o,....e,a of 
 ,,,^;;:;.to...ahawkHlnsto.-e;s,.n.ean.whe.^^^^^^^ 
 
 Ln-Sre eifrht-lueh shell, a,. iro„ wee. "^«' "" ' ;' 
 ■enj^e, ; pHviliea ho,.eyeon.h. a str...,^ o as 
 
 ^;;e ul:;^.nee l-.u-kles. a Ix.lt fro.n »•---;'- 
 of Gen. Seh..vle,-s ohl ho„..>. an ..-..n pnne> f .nt t e 
 Vl.l . 1. an c,l.l-fashio..e.l clo..r kn...ker, an ohl b - 
 : la with ain.i,y envtalns an.l valances, a b...ss 
 
illisliiiHUnj.' Ill** )>n- 
 
 iforc. 
 
 •|,mI iit th<' Iditlle of 
 
 >tiirU, wUli a Hwonl. 
 
 il ill till- Ufvoliilioii 
 . (i»'(>ijro Sliovcr ; » 
 s Hiilddi'ii. AViisliinjf- 
 licu. Stliiiyh'r. 'I'lic 
 itiiie l.fiinllful chiiiii 
 iliti vlHitor. A strliiji 
 ,tii tin- ci'llar of 111'' 
 • Imclilfs. finibhin^ 
 lU sirnhifr. m> iiiflu's 
 I (,f wood, ill 111"' yi'uv 
 1 (•irfiiiiifcnMifc. (lal»' 
 uf wood : a l>liii-fol- 
 llic irvcal-tri"a'"'fi'''"''" 
 
 i, Imy ; a Idai'k lacf 
 
 ovor lttt» >■'•'•''» "'•' ■• 
 Id ; a jtlass litdl Uiioli. 
 ,niold ; a coihut I'oin. 
 iioiu! Hide, and, on the 
 notK. : "K. riiuilms 
 
 aiieous assort iiu'iit of 
 stone arrow hi'ads, a 
 oil wet'd axe, nii iron 
 ad), a Ktriiifr of Itrass 
 (jnaw's ttrave, a silver 
 t from the burned door 
 an iron pulley from the 
 x.r knocker, an old bed- 
 luul valances, a brass 
 
 n.idiron and tou^s, a Id.-kory ehair ov-r KM. j-ar^ 
 
 "''v'b'tler addrewd from (J^m. SrhuyW-r to .lohn 
 ll'iiiroek, I'reMdent ..f the Continental « onjrres.^ 
 
 "Z. <;et. I.. ':.;, i -itt.u f-n, Sarato,. 
 
 nskinsi "that proviMoiis be sent Hi oi.ee. s .ilso 
 ;ho;:n. so is a remarkable .et,er^.ritte..yo.H^ 
 K Mattoon. Ks.,. of Amherst. Mass. I hi-* M. 
 
 „;.„. ,,,.„. otiieer lu th.. •^"'•"•'-'" ■"•'">;• ,, 
 
 urites to rhlllp Sehuyler and slate .heiein that 
 
 -• .l.esiJverwonhl hav pture.l n..r,n>ym. 
 
 „„, ,.e m.t followed the plans of .;en. Sehuyler and 
 
 taken his advice." 
 
 ■ Conspieuo„saii.o«jr.heboldband. of lories who 
 
 ,„f..,. Mi Ihe Hmlson valley durin, the Kevoluti.ni 
 las Thomas Lovelace, a man of , neat eoura,... sie 
 
 ,,,a energy, and one mmh feared amo,.,. he pa. i- 
 „|s In company with four companions he xn as 
 1 ...prised one mornin. by three yeomei. while lymjr 
 - ... eam.-tire in a Mrest retreat. He was bound 
 •vn.l taken to the barracks oii or near the present site 
 of Sc uvlerville. f..r trial by court martia . Me was 
 l.vict;d as a spy and haiifjed a few rods south of 
 
 the Shuvler mansion, and buried ... a s.aiid...^ 
 „ostu,-e. Some years aj^o h. di-lnjr Jt.-avel, th. 
 ..,„„..« we.e found ..ear the oak stump at the spot 
 i;.;;;;ated to C«l. Strover by his father. (Who w.. 
 
 ,„ese..t .U the execution) as the bur.al place. Ihe 
 skull is shown at the mansion, al.nost as sm.,.d as 
 wheulmrled. Sad emi of a brave man ! his b 
 ..avebeen parted by stra.it.e,s. a.id even h.s teeth 
 stole.- f.-o... their sockets bj; curious gazers. 
 
»» 
 
 vnxte.H'* luuiAi. iM.ACf:. 
 
 Willie llnKl.•nln^' I" mi|.|...rt IIm- • I f <'"' 
 
 ItilllHli iinny. <»ii Hi" iifliTiiooii "f «)«li.lifr m-voiilli, 
 Fni/.cr. iiioiiiitwl on a ^muv Ii<>w. Ii»'fiiiiu' .•..iih|.Iiii- 
 .«iH to III.- Amcrl.uMM. l...tli !•>• >il'' conra-.' iiii.l lii^ 
 
 i„n ,••• ii|M.iith.-H|,irll-'<.niisln'<.pN. I!.'i(.>;nl/.iii>i 
 
 the iif(Tsi.ilv for liiH nuM.viil. Mi.i>r,iii plm.Ml ii fr\\ 
 of Ills .H.'l'.ratni rllh-iiH-ii in Hn- ImihIi.s, witli iu- 
 mnictloMH to cut him off. In u «lioit tlnic In- \viii» 
 shot llirou^'hlln- ImmIv. pioliahly l.v Timothy Mur- 
 phy, one of Moipin's Knicsl shols. iind wiis .onvi'vcl 
 to tin- Tiiylor lion"", m-ar Ih." rlv.T. a lilll«- H.nlh of 
 WillMM-V "llaHlii. ll.Tf Ma.lamt- |{itil.sel had pn- 
 p„n.,l a .liun.T for Ih.- ..Illc-n'. which wa.s ,-lamlinjr. 
 
 (.arlly s.tvciI. npon Ih.- tuhle. wh.n | r Fra/..-r 
 
 wan iM-on-ht in ni-.italiy \vonn.l.-.l. Th.- tahic was 
 n-mov.Ml. a I..-.1 pn-|mr.'(l, lui.l .-vci-y attention shown 
 him. nm Ih.-ltoll.'l hail pa^wcl th^oll^••h his vitali*. 
 iin.l he tli.-.l imfly next morniny: in jrn-ul a^nmy. 
 A.Mveahlv lo his last innicst. Im- was ImiiIc.I at six 
 oVi.Mk \u Ih.- .-v.-ninfr. in tin- easterly "(licat 
 |{.-.|onl)t," whi.h form.-.! the sti.mfrfst part ..f Ih.^ 
 Hiitish Intr.-nchim-nts on Hit' hills near the riv.-r. 
 The Ani.-rieans. not nml.-rstan.rmfr the nature of the 
 .ralherinsr. .ipened lin- from acroKs Ih.- riv.-r u|)on Ih.- 
 hurinl partv. an.l while the Chaplain r.-a.l the 
 service overthe remains. Ii.)stil. shots were pl.mjih- 
 Injr the earth :it his f.-et. ami covel•in^' the party 
 wfth the .lust whi.h they threw up. Fittiuf; funeral 
 for the hravesol.ller' As Hie.lesel said of it, "A 
 real military funeral. :>m.I one that was inii<iue of its 
 kind." 
 
 Th« pl.-iee of hiirhil was on the hijrh ■rroun.l north 
 ahout a half mile from Wilher's liasin, ab.mt an 
 
1 
 
 i.ACf:. 
 
 Ilf CfllllC of lll« 
 
 r OcldluT KCVI'lllll, 
 
 ln'fllllU' f(lllH|ll(ll- 
 
 H coiirajjc niitl lii* 
 lopN. Ki-('();:iii/.itiK 
 r>fiui pliio'il ii ft'w 
 
 ■ ImihIm's, witli iii- 
 
 <ll<llt lllllt' lu' \vit>« 
 
 liy 'linii.iliy Mni- 
 mikI whs toiivcyfd 
 ■r. ii lilllf imrlli of 
 l{lt'(l»'!*el liati iiif- 
 ilcU witH utiimrmjr. 
 rtlicii poor Frii/.tT 
 il. The tiil)l«' wiH 
 ry iitl»'iitiiiii slidwii 
 throu^fh his viliils. 
 rr in ^rrt'iit iijfimy. 
 • \VM« Imi-icd nl fix 
 
 ■ ciistcrly "(irfiit 
 
 iils lu'iir the river, 
 iji ttie lliltilie of llie 
 .« llie river upon the 
 (hHpliiiii read tlie 
 shots were phtiifih- 
 coverin^' tlie party 
 ip. Fittiiifi funeral 
 jsel Hiiitl of it, " A 
 at was iiiii(iiie of its 
 
 ■ hijrh }iroiuul north 
 •"s liasin, about an 
 
 VIlAZKIlN ni 111 At. imack. 
 
 S» 
 
 ».l.rhth of a mile from the river. TiiH twin i-ino 
 t.res are pointed (Hit as n«arl<lu;r H>" M'""- :""'•' 
 ,„.,„„„„.„1 has lately I.een set up th.^re (o jfulde llie 
 traveler to Ihe ^rave of the ^r;,|lanl (ieneral. so i.loi- 
 i/ed l.y his trooi)S. and so reverently resp.eled l.y 
 ids enemies. 
 
 TIIK HAUATtHiA Ml»N»'MKNT. 
 This splendid and Iniposin^r siruelnre ha« heeii 
 prononiMM-d l.v eonii)eient jndjres one of the lin.wt, if 
 not, Indeed, the llnest of Its kind in Ih.- world. It 
 was erected l.v the "Sjratojfa Monnnn-:*., Assoela- 
 ,i.,„ " ,1 eorpoiation ereated for that purpose, under 
 .-1 perpetual ehiirler from the Stale .f New \ ork. 
 The (.l.jeet of its promoters was llir ,, reservation in 
 .rranite. slaluarv and allei?(M-ieal |.ielures of the 
 Xation-s trrealesi .'rlsis. The Assoeialion was 
 formed in l.s.V.l, hut eomparaliv.dy lillle was ae- 
 ,.,Hnplishe,l until ahout W'^. slnee whieh time de- 
 V„.us have I.een perfected, land s.-eured and the 
 simfl ereeled and enii.ellished and jjroun.ls improve.l. 
 The monument stiimls np(.n the erowninj; hei),'ht 
 of IJui-mvne's inlrenehed eamp. near the surrender 
 ,r,„uud of Saratojra. lowerin^r al.ove the level of the 
 viver more than four hundred feet, and e(.mmai.din^' 
 „ view of the hattie Held and other historie spots, 
 for manv miles in all direetions. Its arehlteetnre 
 combines the Gothic and K^^yplian elements. The 
 base, with its f,n-a<'eful arehes and artislie }.al.les, its 
 statuary and ornaments, eommemorutive of the 
 events and men that f<.rnied Ihe history of that pc 
 rio,i, represent the (iothie element (.f the slriietiire. 
 Till! massive shaft, towerinj? above the surrender 
 
 - ■wivi i iJ ri i Tj.i. 
 
 1 
 
4(1 THK SAllATOGA MONUMKVI'. 
 
 ^vou.Hl con^uKMuonvtlve of Victory, .^.ow. the Egyp- 
 nan t>i.t. ir «. - ,, ,,hiun. Architect, of 
 
 .T,,,ey City, 'n^e .-on.en- .«tone w.s 1. d > t • 
 n„.sinir...iHtiirya.«l rivi.- c-erenKin.e*., by • • -■ (« " ' 
 G ru.a MHster of Mu- Masonic Grau.l Bo.ty of th.^ 
 ^UcofNcwVo.-i<.out..ec..ntc...nai=u>mvW 
 
 Biiraovne's sumi.>l«% October 1<, l^u, ami the 
 ^"Swo.ic-.vaseo.u,.lc'tecW without a .u„le ace. 
 
 ''!^x::rt r::fy feet ...... or ,>.... ite, 
 
 n.. IV -ixe.!, a.ul t».e shaft of Oark j-raiuu-, ro..jjl. 
 nearly .iacii, <i">' ...,Ku.a ris<> 
 
 hew.,. Over the ei.t.'anees .... each s..le. f^'''>';« "*^ 
 to hrf.HU of ..early fo.ty feet, .•e.ti..jr at the r 
 
 v.,!s at«.chconu-rof the str.,ct„re. ..pon gra.i.te 
 A;^; wi.h fohh.l wi..j.s, ...easuri..<r ^eve,. fee 
 
 uioss'the back. 'n.e con.ice.- of all the .loo.s an.l 
 :.Xvi^...t.,po..poHshea.raniteeoi^nu.^^^^ 
 
 Pivvetl cai.itals. over each entrance, N-.th.n th.^ 
 ;:^:'i;:\.iche,ese,.eaforstat..a.T. intln-eeo 
 
 these seven foot bronze stat.ies are placed ; Ge. e al 
 s:in;ie,^iooki... east;0;.eraiM...g=.n^^lo^^^^^ 
 west- Gene.-al Gates, facii.fr ..oi'th. Ihe fon. Ii 
 iche f .cin^ to the iiehl <.f his n.ost brilliant deeds. 
 ;- wouhl have done honor to Ar..old had he 
 t death ..pon f.e Held, is a..d will ^^-w ■• I-VP^^ 
 „al dechu-ation that t.-eachcy ca.. neve be fo.u. en 
 a general of the r..i.ed States. The Mrst > 
 itories are adorned with tablets a,.d h.sto,, a 
 S ..-es. east in b.-on/e, ulto relie.vo. rep.-esent„.g he 
 ;:le.;tal citizens a..d soldiers, the p..^..^^^^^ 
 can.paijr.., .u.d the principal characte.. of the 
 period. 
 
THE SAKATOliA MDNL'MKNT. 
 
 41 
 
 ry. sliows the Egyp- 
 
 iuid m-ectwl iimlei- 
 
 clijun. Architect, of 
 
 Wiis luiil with ini- 
 
 ,ie», l)y .> . .1. Couch, 
 
 ;;iiiutl Boily of the 
 
 iiuii'l amiiv<MSiiry of 
 
 17, 1S77, anil the 
 
 thodt rt sinjtle acci- 
 
 e, of lijrht jrrauite. 
 (lark jiTaiiiie. roiisli 
 ■ach sUle. frahlfS rise 
 eet, restiiijr si* *l'*'''" 
 K'tiire. upon granite 
 leasiirino; seven feet 
 of all the iloors ami 
 ranite colsiiiins with 
 jntrance, within tlie 
 tatnaiT. In three of 
 ! are iiiaced ; General 
 ml Morgan, looking 
 north. The fo\irtli 
 < most brilliant deed*. 
 )!• to Arnold liad he 
 1(1 will stand a perpet- 
 caii never he forgi^ en 
 ^tates. The first two 
 iblets and historical 
 •lievn. representing the 
 rs, the progress of the 
 1 characters of the 
 
 On tin" lower IhMir, to the left as yon enter, is 
 presented tin; tlrst bron/.e relief. In the granite 
 block or slab beneath it (a similar one lu-ing under 
 all others also) is cut the following: " (icorge III 
 and his ministers devising methods for enforcing the 
 unjust taxation of tiie American colonists." 
 
 Under the next : "The town meeting. The ih-o- 
 ple instituting the means of self-goveriuneut for the 
 protection of th(;ir natural rights." 
 
 The third : " Tlie Ladies of the Hritish court. Idle, 
 effeminate, sensuous, extravagant and wasteful ; de- 
 nnnding for thaiv support the taxing of the col- 
 onists." 
 
 The fourth : •' Women of the Revolution, 177(!. 
 Industriims, selif-dcnying. frugal, clothing and feed- 
 ing themselves and their families and giving aid and 
 comfort to an army of defence." 
 
 The fifth : "The rally of the people for the de- 
 fense of their just rights, which resulted in the 
 estaldishnient of popular govennnent." 
 
 The sixth : General Schuyler felling trees to 
 ol)8truct the nnirch of the British army." 
 
 The seventh : " Mrs. Gen. Schuyler setting fire to 
 her wheat lield to inevent its use by the enemy." 
 
 The eighth : " Wives of the British olHcers ac- 
 conipanyhig the aruiy in its march through the 
 wilderness." 
 At the head of the stairs on the next lloor are : 
 First : " The nntssaere of Jane MeCrea." 
 Second : •' Gen. Burgoyne reprimanding the 
 Indians for their barbarities." 
 
 Third: "General Schuyler turning over his 
 coaiiuand to Gen. Gates." 
 
I 
 
 42 
 
 THK SARAHKiA MONUMKNT. 
 
 Fourth : " Ftill of Gen. Fni/.er." 
 
 Fifth : "Womuling of Gen. Arnohl in tlie IJnnis- 
 wifk redoubt." 
 
 Sixth: •• The passage of Lsuly Harriet A(kland 
 under a flag of truce to visit lier husband. woun(!ed 
 and a prisoner." 
 
 Seventh : " Burial of Gen. Frazer." 
 
 Eighth : " The surrender." 
 
 Room lias been provided for 19 more figures In 
 bron/.e, all of which will be added soon. 
 
 Fine bron/.e busts of Hon. Horatio Seymour. Hon. 
 Hamilton Fish and Hon. John H. Starin. early 
 presidents and promoters of the Monument Associa- 
 tion, .'race tlie flrst floor. An iron stairway leads 
 up about one hundred and forty feet to the highest 
 windows which conunand a most charnung view of 
 the Hudson valley and neighhoriug villages. The 
 extreme height of the grainte worliis one hundred 
 and fltty-four feet. 
 
 At tlie entrance to the grounds a large cannon, 
 said to have been taken from the British in tlie war 
 of 1812, and bearing the British crest, stands guard 
 over the treasure within. 
 
 In 1806. the Saratoga Monument Association, 
 passed ovJr its title and control of the structure to 
 
 the State of New York. 
 No grander educational ediflce has ever been 
 
 erected, nor will the country's memory furnish a 
 
 theme more worthy to be chronicled in brass and 
 
 stone, nor one upon which the symi)athy of the 
 
 Nation is more heartily agr 1. than those here 
 
 embodied. 
 
 i 
 
L'MKNT. 
 
 lutld ill the liniiis- 
 
 Haniet Ackhiiul 
 luisbiind. wouiit'ed 
 
 wr." 
 
 19 more ligiivt'S in 
 
 I 80011. 
 
 ilio Seynionr, lion. 
 II. Staiiii, <':irly 
 loimiiieiit Assofiii- 
 •1)11 stairway leads 
 feet to the liiijliest 
 ; cliamiinu; view of 
 ring villages. Tlie 
 urU is one linndred 
 
 lis a large cannon, 
 
 Britisli in the war 
 
 crest, stands gnaid 
 
 iinent Association, 
 of tlie structure to 
 
 ice has ever lieen 
 1 memory furnish a 
 uieled in hrass and 
 16 sympathy of the 
 d. than those here 
 
 1 
 
o 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 Oh 
 < 
 
51 ^ 
 
 oi 
 
 H 
 
 MAP OF KATTLE GROUND AXD C'AMl'S, 
 OCTOHEK 7, 1777. 
 
 The numbers refer to iiuiiilK'rs on map on 
 opposite pnge. 
 
 l_Will)er*8 Basin 
 
 2— Great lleilouht. Frazer's Burial Place 
 
 3_Fre('man Farm and Cottage • • • 
 
 4_Breyman'8 Hill, Great Re«!(mbt 
 
 5_Fra/.er Wounded 
 
 C— Britisli Line of Battle 
 
 7— Morgan's Troops 
 
 8— Dearborn's Division 
 
 {(—Poor's Division 
 
 10— Learned's Division 
 
 11— American Pickets 
 
 12— British Intreuchments 
 
 13— American Intreuchments 
 
 14— Neilson Place, Poor's and Arnold's (Quarters. 
 
 15— Gates' Headciuarters 
 
 16— Bends Tavern 
 
 17— Bridge of Boats. Americans 
 
 18— Bridge of Boats, British