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Les diogrammes suivants illustrant la m«thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKROCOrv HSOIUTION TBT CHART (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2) ■^ y^ 12.2 « 12.0 K 1.8 ^il^ ^ APPLIED ItvHGE In S^^ '65i Eost Uatp Streei ^-S Rochester, New rork U609 USA ^B (^'6) *82 - 0300 - Phor^e ^E (^^6) 288 - 5989 - Fq, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, CANADA WATER POWER BRANCH J. B. Challies, Supt. Water Resources Paper No. 5 PASQUIA RECLAMATION PROJECT ■V T. H. Dunn. C.E., O.LS. Prepared untter the tHrectUm of the Superintendea of Water-Poven. No. 11, PART 8, ANNUAL REPORT, 1913. &■& lOT OTTAWA OOVERNMENT PRINTINQ BUREAU 1S14 \ -.JiiUtmmmmm'^-- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. (AN ADA WATKIt lOWI.Il UKANC^H .r. H. < 'liiiMit'i-', Smi»i. WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. S. liK VOHT *>x PASQUIA RECLAMATIOxN PROJECT BV T. II. DUNN, C.K.. ().L.8. IVliiilvil nn.lcr tli,. ,|iivrti, f ,lic Su|„.riiit.ii,|,.|,t ,.r tl„. Wat.T l'n«vr liriiii.-Ii. Appendix 11. Part 8. Annual Report. 1913. 4a»8rj — 1 O'lTAWA li O V i: I! N M K N T !■ I! I N T I N ,; |i ( i; y, .\ i 1914 LttV he r' • ■ • • ■•••• ■• •• > • ••• « * • lABlE or CONTEHTS. IfiiiiTiiry Ili-ropv ,!i,i| «l.h.riil Oiiilii f WnrU. <>"" l.iiU' rr.i.. |,,iIm. »,i C.hir l.iik.- • 'i'"! ir l.iikt' S.i-liiiti Ik Willi Kivir M(M.»i' Liki' , KlfViiiii.il> Itl l'll|litl||i|tiM| I >i-c'liiirui' Til.' I'liiii. rill- Mniiiiiiui' Si-lii.|iii. Si.il- NilV luilli'MI ( lilllillr P*'* 'riMiinriitiiri' iiiiil Hill-.. iiiilfi.' Ill iiiliim- A-ti'iiiiiiiiiiiiil I•.xlrllc•l^ Irniii II li.|i,.ri ..I Win. (»i:ilvi.' ,.u t\ti- l':i-.|Miii i hiiiiMtJMi, |,r,.i,.|. •fiiwui lull II> ••(I M) ■i-J III I >TI!\lhi\!.. I*ii'i|iiiii Ki'i'liiiiiiitlMii IVuj.i'i. l'i|.,(iii,i rivir, II inilr. Iiili.w liii' \';i- l'..rk-. . I'li-i'li'iii K"'liiiiiiili..ii I'rcijri.t. I'ii.i|iii,i riv.r, I mili. In |,.w the Pa- F..ik-.. I'ii»i|iiifi l{i'c'liiiiiiiti..ii I'p-.jiit. I'li-inia K'l If uiM., hiiKJ ihai- |-..rk- I'li-'iliiin lii.-hmialii.ii I'mii.t. D.Mii ('jiaiwr lfa|ii<|. an. I ( i Ink.. Cr-," lak. rillil|i I'ii-i|lliii Ki'<'liiiiiati..ii l'r...jiM-t. Ci lak.' aii-l Call ■ l-lai,.|. ti'..iii rn... lak. i'iilii|i I'ii-t. I....kiii«- il..» ii tli.' ll.Mii Char-.- I. I'a-.|iiia Ki'i-laiiiati..ii l'r...ji'i't Sa-kalilicwaii ri\. i Lik. iiiili> lii'liiw the- I'a- I'a-.liiiii Kcclaiiiati..ii l'r...ii-.'t, Sa-kat.'lu'Wi \.| l,,.,kiiL: i.ittii' riviT l'iiM|iiiii IkiM'liiiiiiiti.iii l'r...ii'.t. Sa-kal.lnuau ri\.r. -I... win:; I' Pa^MUiii Kci'hiiiiati.iii j'n.j.'.-t. Sa-kat.'lic«aii riv.o'. -Ii..wiii;; W ridiMJi'ii arra in lia.'kj;i'.iini(| I •.•,.-, lak. ' rll til ..( linr. . r. liiii' 10 II Hi III I-. I!» 2!» Miip, •ili.uinj;: Ccilar iiiiil Cr..- laki^s. i In-iilc lia.-k i-.ivc.-.) -Miip sii.iuiiiH- iircii IliiiMlfil. I In Mill' Im.'k .uvcr.) in:rnirr ok t. ;i. dunn .1. I!, ( II \\ I II -. F.-i|.. • .1!.. Sii|iiriiiliiii|■ nr lii-triifii"ii- iliiii'l .1 ,■ I. I" •.'. I li'i*' i" "1' ■' I'urtiul «'X.iiiiiiiutii>ii Ml' till- Sii.k it>'ti«'Wiiii riviT I'l'tw.iii Tlii' I'li* im"! <>"•« liikr, htiI iiUo Uio (!■ mini una ■•HiiiiKii. 11* Im ihf rivrr, wiUi ii virw to diii rniiiiiiiK llir ft uMliilit.v ami il<-lriililit,v. friiiii nil iiyriiiilliirnl pniiit .it' vir'v. nf nrlniiiiitiK thw IiiikI-. ill iiiil.'iiv.iiiriiiK to i.irry uiil tliin work hcvithI ilrti-rriiit ami iiiiloroot'ii fncU)M fiiliTiil into the |irol>lt'iii wliiili w.r.' iilHoluttly uimvuiilalik-. \\V wiTi' .■ontinuiilljr liiiiii|Hri'(l \>y wri wiullii- 111 hiuli wiiulx, llif liiftiT .■oiiilitio;i rrmJiriMu ihe lakw imimviiriililf iiml n-niiiti I'u- io^ii liy (Irowiiiiiu nf four of our imrty on S.'iili'nib««r •!. Thin mill ai-i-iiliMit I'liili .1 total hihim-iisIoii of nil i-iijfiiu'i'rititf work for nearly thre« tti'ckc, ntid lit tin- i'ihI >• I titti" vvlu'ii the work wii-i taki'ii ii|) iiuaiii it wa- iiii|Mr-iiblfi to |iroy h |.o\viT party -riit oiu iinil.r y..iir iii-trmtiMii' hy Mr. !►. I.. Mol.i'iiii, i-hii I .iitfincfr of tho Miiiiilol.il lly.lrourHplii.'Siifvoy. Thi- party wa« at tlniml KiipiiU in ( h.iruo of Mr. !•:. II. Patti-r-nii wlio wiiM inakiiitf n siirvty of tho rapiiN for powtr piiriioM* and, nitlioiiirh e"(»\ prouri'!** win* iiunlc throinrlioiit tin- waMHi, the jhiwvt work wii< not com- plitfd until iil».iit Oi'tolH-r 10, whiih mt* too Into to iRTiiiit of any ii.w work bcinR •tnrtni. no tin- Ia.*t hoiit on whi'h the fmrty ooidd nturii to Winnip.i; wm InavinK (Irani! IJapidu on Octohcr ITi. Tho absence of th« Ittniled survey^ and the ixtreme shorliie" of the working ««ii«o!i for the renxoii^ mentionrd make-' it impos«ili|e for me to give detiiiite annwm to tho tiiii-stions propounded in your inotnietioiia. Tnkinir up thenn prohlenin in tho order in v'.ieh they appear in your inntriiPtion", ill ndeuvonr to uive such n solution a- wc 1 xeeni to he indicated hy the informa- I liavo Ihiii bio to seiMirc. hilt, in»onieonM's, the iiiforniiilion is t iiiai;rc and tbe I too iineertain to .jn-tify me in ha/iirdinir an opinion. The t'ir>f question pn ■^eiito.l in the ii«triicti..|i- is: lak. (1) Is it p.is-il)le to lott.r Cedar hiiie ti neatly the .-ame elevati'n :i« Cross It is. nf r,,iir-r, iiiipraetirahle to hriiii: llii-< two lake- to .piitr li,.- -m Icvation owinji to the fnll mees-ary to «;ivo tho n-ipiired disi-harKO, hut T do not .-..n-ider this to he the prohlem whi.-h it is intended to present in this i|iiestion. Cedar hike ha.- .-iiHii'ient depth, e.xcept at a few poiv's, to adm the proposed lowering withoiil daniaue to niivinntioii. That o,,i|i,,ii it' the lake immeiliately ml.ioiiiint' the Narrows is -li;ill,,\v. and tho (.vcavalioiis for tlu- propo-ed eaiial would have to he loutinued ahoiit a i|n:irter of • mile into the lak •. , , • , There i- aU" .1 -lioal ..ir Itahliit point uliieh ha- •■lily lliivr ..r t..iii- i.-. ■ ■■) water at eiTfaiii timc-ol' III.' >.ai-. uliil.' near Itiineiin i-laiel. at the u.-t eiel ..i tii. lak.'. there is another sh.ial. Any scheme to h.wer Cei'nr lake w..uM tlim fon- no- .— itate the making of a out thr.iiijrh these shoals. While the extent of this work i> not .' .nitely known, it is not th."i-iit to he a ferioiis ohstniction. ft i>i:i:\iti\ii:\i <) acres. This land is at present either Hooded or so is.ilated by the Hooded area as tn be ahiKist totally inaccessible. The water from this immense area would reach Cedar lake tlir m^rli the medium of the Saskatchi'Waii aiul Suinmerberry riv.Ts and flic other natuiMJ wateri Diirses of the conn..'y. The area aetuiilly reehiinicd by the hnve-'ini; ot' the w, iters <.f Ce.lar lake alone woiijil probably not amount to more than -Ji) pei nt of this total area, or ali mt 10i».nl() acres, and woiihl be conlined to tlie eoinitry adjoiuin^ Cedar lake at tlie wi>t end and extending' to .\loo>e lake and westward alou'.'- to Siininierl erry river. T\w reelaniatiou of the I'.ilancc of the two million acres eoubl not be ac niplisli,.d simply by the lowerinir of the lake, but this must be followed up by iniprovemeuts in the Sa-katcliewan river at scleral points, notably at a |ioinf about :!] miles upstream from ('(dar Lake Post, at the Fryin.u Pan, ne.ir IFill IslamI and the Wooden Tent. In aildition to this an interior system of draiiia!r(> will have to !„> provided for the n moval of pund water and for the run-off from tli(> pre ipitation of the district. This hitter problem is not included in these inve-tiiialinus. '|'b,. s.iil tliroiiuboiit this area is practically all alluvial in orii;iii >o far as is at pre-ent known. It is impos-il)le to |>lace a value (ui this hmd until more is known about the interior. No samples of rlio -oil of the interior ha\e ev(>r b 'ou t:ikiu owiiiir to the fact that the laml is pretty ;r.i:, rally covereil with water. The hiirli water prevailinir durins the season of 1912 made this part iculirly dittieult iinl unsatisfaetory. It was not possible, with the instruments at our disposal, to take soil samples whore the soil was <■, ivered wi*h water. (;j) What will be the indire-t elbct of siub loweriiu; .in the lou-lyin;.' lands contiifuous to the Saskateheuau river? (") lielow The Pas? CO Above The Pas? , , '^^.'!:, '"^^'^rinp- of the lake will provide an outlet for the water from all the land- lieiow Ibe I as. ibis outlet ceiistitutes an iudireet bcnelit to llio 11 |,.,| area !iet'v,.en till' I'ryinu' Pan and The I'as. Tin- area, however, whik greatly relieved of its burden, would not be in a i),i-i- tnm to derive full benefit from the outlet tliii> jirovi.led imle-s >oii:,. iui|,rov.aueiit were made in the river it-elf. Sm-h an iui|.rovenieiit wonld involve the deepeiiin- of the river at jioints mentiiuied above. If llie loweriiii; of Cedar lake be folb.uv.l u|i with ihi- . _ u,.-.i,,l inipi-oveiiieiit in the river, the outlet will be Imnijjht within a rea.sonabIe ili>l; .'e from the lands it is prop..sed to drain and will be accessible to any sel . iiie of mlerior ilraina,i;e. The effect above The Pas u .uld be to lower tiie water -lii^luly. but llii> woiiM :iot be appreciable durin-r the flood perioii owinu: chielly to ibo fa.-f that the Sa-kat- chewaii river lake- a rather sharp turn to the left at The I'a- and is murh narroui r at tin- point and for some di-taiice below than it is above. Ill aildition to this the coulitioii of liiyli \\ater oriuiuate- et tiie -ouree- ,.f tic river and pro-res-i-s toward the outlet, leiiie- iiow in the Kocky mountains, and, naturally, the iiestream ilistrioi-, if -.illi,-i,iiilv l,,,v will he (lo.Mled lir.n:ri Bclienic of draiiiiifte wlii^'h dups not provide for the rcinovnl of tlio obstruction nt The l'n3 could iiflforil liiit little relief to the liiiiiU ;il)ove Tlii' I'm-. (4) Wliat cfTeet will such lowering liavc on the Sn>katcliewan river proper, tliroiijjth tlie territory in qiie-tion; The lowerinjf of Cedar hilie uill increii-e the velocity of the v/atc in th.i- Sas- katchewan river and cause erosion of the soft materials conipriaintr the sides and bottom of the river. At four or (ivi- places aiouir the nmin river liie linttoui is hard and stony hikI will erode very slowly, if at all. as rock will he encountered at the turn, three and a half miles above Cedar Lake Post and at the Frying Pan. There i.s also a stony rapid in the ciiannid known as Head river, hut the Sunnnerheriy chanriel is free from rapids, aurl tin sides and liotto?n are eutindy of soft nuterial wliich Would erode witi usidi rahle facijliy, riiforliinatcly. howevr. this stream ;s narrow and W(ui!d not .•iccommoditc, under tlie m is| favouralde conditions for erosion for many years fcdlowiuir tiie iniprovemeuts. more than oue-half of the Hood discliar-re. I do not anticipate any serious rlianirc in aliirumeiit of tlii' river hcil as a ri'sult of washinp; away the bank'! on the tnins, as there are feu-, if any. tnri!- sufficiently sharp to -rive rise to any serious ero-i.pu. This is a mntdr. howi'ViT, whi'di I'alls for further iiivestitration. (."i) What eHVet will such lowerini; have on navitration throughout the area in (piestiou ? If a proper scheme of drainasro be carried out, T consider the navigability of the waters will lie L'rcatly improved bv the more or less uniform distribution of the fall. I5etweemi-Charire, the hitter heinjr a very heavy rapid, and not navijrab'e. The total fall between the lakes is believed to be about l."> feet. This is Mr. Offil- vie's estimate, but no complete line of levels has been taken so far as I am aware. The coiislruclion of the jirojiosed eaiud would ri duce this fall to about four feet and thus riinove every obstacle to navisration at this point. This, however, will rendir C.'dar lalic unnavi«:able at two points, aiicl will have the etfect of developiufj some rather shallow and stronff rapids in the Saskatchewan river between Cedar Lake Post and The Pas. It will bo necissary to dee])en these jioints in Ced.ir lake, and either to deepen the Saskatchewan at the jioints previously meiitiotieil or coufiue navifratioii to the Sumna rherry <'hannil duriuir low water. This deepeninu' •<( the lake and river will be iieces-ary f'r diaimure in any ea-e. and when coiupleled will be of -rreat 'n'nelit to luivi.L'ation which is somewhat diffi- cult at certain points duriiifr low water. The absence of the detailed surveys which are so necessary bi'twecn (\'dar lake and Cross lake maki s it impossible to niake more than a very roUfrb a|>proxiniation of the cost of the work. To coiislrnet a canal I.L'IIO feet wide aloiifr the eour-(> C-F, l.-iiil down on the plan, which course is l>."i,o(>0 feet huiir. would cost in the lu'iuhborhood of .f!.">,nOO,- 000. This canal woidd have a capacity of about ■lO.OOO M'cond feet and would pro- vide for a flood of ordinary heifrht, but would not prevent tlooilin>jr ju seasons of extra hiiih water, occurrias; every three or four years. To pi-oviile for a ili^charyc above .".o.llllil ,i|,| iVct it will he uen-- aiy to deepen the river in the vicinity of the Narrows and l-lyinj; Post rapids at .an addi tional cost of perhaps .'i>l,()()(>,0()0. It may be foimd more eeonomical to widen the upper end of the ■•■ar'nl t!;an to deepen the river. The eross-stvtion of the canal must be so desifjned as to preserve at least six feet of water during: low-water period? ■ iu:i'Mir\ii:\r or rut: imeiuok for |iur|Misi-i ,,f iiiivitriitl'iii. As tlicrc is no siirvfv mi wliii-li tii liiisi' tins c-tiin:ito, it must bo eoiisidcrod as n very rotijrh npprnxitnntion. No estinintn of the cost of tlip work in CVdnr Inkc and the river west of Cedar lake can bo (r'ven at present. To detcrinine even approximately the cost of carrying out this scheme would require noljiinji h -~ than Iho profrramnie laid down in your 1012 instructions, and I cannot do better than recommend the contiiinance of the work alonjr the lines oitcd tliercin. It is desirable, however, that one important addition be made to this propramme, and I stronjily recommend that a survey and ))ro:^!e bo made of the Saskatchewan river between Cedar lake and The Pas, together with cross-sections at all the rapids and an approximate classification of the materials likely to bo excavated. A more serious effort than anything heretofore undertaken must be made in order to determine the value and extent of the hiiuls which it is sought to roelaim. Regarding the reported rapid in -Moose Lake creek near Moose lake I beg to report that an exann'nation diselosns the fact tliat no such rapid exists. Xo surveys will therefore be re(|nired at this point. There is, however, a shallow place in Ifoose lake at the mouth of the creek which will be discussed further on in my report. A scheme so extensive as the one under consideration, and involving the expen- diture of such a^ largo sum of money, should not be undertaken without the fullest investigation. Thnc such an investigation is desirable and justifiable on economio grounds is strongly supported by all the information so far obtained. I therefore recommend that this work be proceeded with as outlined in your instructions and with the additions above mentioned as soon as navigation opens in the spring. The attached report of my investigations is respectfully subiiiitle 's l)u>y arnuiging for tlio uci'cssjiry iustruuicnts and yottiuK toj."'tlu'r such articles as would lie required on the trip. 1 arriveil in WiniiilKi' on the .veniug of July I,"., where I was tVtained until July 2!l, waiting tor my iustrunuiils t.. mrive from Ottawa. Tliis time was profitably spent in the purchase of supplier Mud camp outlit and in the very and. while waiting for information from the Surveyor (ieueral's Department and also for .some parts of my transit which had not PASQLi.i inxi.iM.irio.y I'Uoject 9 j<'t urrivod fMiii Ottnwn, I mailf a tri|) up to the forks of tlio I'lisiniia river. Tliis was ci'uii.-ie it was believed to he clieajwr thnii stuyiiiK at Tiie I'as. In ascending tlie Puscpiia river we oli>erved tlie same straiifte plienoiiieiion men- tioned l>.v the kite Mr. O^ilvio in his I'.Ul report. Instead of the l'as<|iiia einptyinj; into the Sasisalehewan as it does under nurnial eoiiditions, the Saskatehewan was einpt.vins its waters into the I'asqiiia, resnl' :i>f in u strong: current ' upstream ' in tile latter river. This proved of jireat as>l-uince to us goinu up -'"t not so on tlio return journey. Wo left The Pas on Aujrust .'! and returned on August \i, experienoing on this latter date the worst wind and rain storm of the season. So delayed wtre we by 'this storm that we did not reach The Pas until nine o'clock at night and were thoroughly drenched and shivering in the cohl luirth wind. !'iu«|iiia Riclanmtiipii rniji'ct. I'aacinia Kinr. 11 iiiili- lielciw thi- Va» Folks. We made an tippro.xiniate survey of a portic f the Pasipiia river hut, owing to the fienniess of tlie storm, we could not eoimeet it across the lake, barely succeeding in saving our canoes from swamping. On our arrival at The Pas we found iiifurmatii u for which we had been waiting had arrived, so after drying our clothes and provisions and attending to correspond- ence, we divided our jirovisions into two jiarts, one of which we stored at The Pas, aiiij the cither we lna(i«'d into our canoes and. on August l.'i, started down the Saskatch- ewan river on our way to Cross lake. We took no soundings on the way down, as we were anxious to reach Cross lake iH^foro the Power party a^ Grand rapids com- pleted their power survey, and also because the water was so high that it was slow and difficult work taking soundings. The shoals whidi were plainly visible at ordinary or low water could imt be Ineateil without great labour. A short distance 1 clow The Pas I found the banks of the Saskatclicwan were only n few feet 'above the water and. very narrow, while lower down the river was overflowing its banks in many places and the water rushing away in great volnncs into the innumerable swamps Mild shallow lakes which comprise the interior. At this time there was no chance of 49985—2 10 UKI'AKTMKSr OF TIIK IMHKlnll Kettiiif; soil sainplog oxcept nlong the banks of the stream, wliioh \vo\il(l be of little vnlue in (Icti'rmining the qiinlity of the soil in the interior. Approarhinfr Ceclnr lake we foiinl a perfect maze of (•hflnnrl< branchin^r off from the main Saskatchewan, iind each (•arr>inB its burden of waters by its own chosen route towards Cedar lake. Some of these channels are larper than the one we were follow- inp, which ir. the boat chnnufl. There arc short ccive $2.50 per day eaeh instead of the regular $1.25 per day regularly paid by the Hudson's Bay Company at tiiis post. After takini;- some olservations for latitud.> at Cedar Lake Post and restimr over Sunday we left on ^fonday. August 10. for Cross lake. Owing to tlie ])revalenco of high wi'.ids on Cedar lake much time was lost as it was impossible to cross the lake except under the most favourable conditions. We finally arrived at ("mss lake on the evening of August 22 and made camp at the moutii of the river on tlie north bank. I'ASIJl I \ UfALW lUS I'KihltAT 11 On AuKUSt 23, after nttciuliiiR to corrcapoiideiifc, 1 left Jlr. Clmrlfon in oliiirKe of tho cnmp with instrmtions to boRin work nt onoe iiiul. taking tlic two Imliuns, I 8tnrtetl for Grand Knpid*. where 1 arrived the same oveiiiiijr. II. 're 1 foinul Mr. Patterson in cliarfre of ilr. Mclx-an's power party, and learned from liim that it w. A be near tho close of the season before tlie power survey wi Id l>e ennipleted. iitnl tiiiit I could not expect much assistance from that quarter in nuiKini; my (letniled surveys. I therefore returned tc my cnmp at Cross lake on Au>rust 24. where ' found that work had b«>pn commencey rcfu^eil ab-olulc!y. h\ view of the fact that Mr. Jilcl.eau's .-urvey party in liiaifre of .Mr. K. I!. J'attei- siiii. at (irand Kajiitls. w..„id imt U- tlm.ufili witli tlicir «.,ik in time l.. irijkc -Auy surveys for nie, 1 decided to und"rtal. that four iaboiirers of my party weie lost thronaii drowning. In this connec- tion 1 wish to say that tlie two Peterboroujrh canoes n-ed by my i)arty were new arid of largo size ant leak. I also had one very much smaller ehestmit canoe which I used myself and this latter canoe was Ujtd by my as-'istant, Mr. Charlton, and the rodman, Air. ileiritt, on the fateful day. while the fotir men who wore dn vned were in one of the Luge la in:i'\in\in\r of the istkhiuu Peterboroughs. There was no freight in the hirge canoe except four axes and a levelling rod, nil of which lay in the bottom of the canoe. The following statement furnished to the Royal North West Mounted Police gives the details of what took place after leaving camp : — Cross Lakk, Max., Sept.mber 21, 1912. Statenent of 0. IV. N. Charlton. Assistant Engineer to Thos. II. Dunn. C.E., Engineer In charge P. R. P., U'. P. Branch, Department Interior, Ottawa. ' I hereby state : — ' That on Friday Stptonil)er 6, 1912, I, O. W. N. Charlton, was out in Cross lake in canoe in company with Arthur Merritt, rodman of our party, and behind me in larger conoe were four men of our party, known as Fred McLennan, Hugh W. Cochrane, tieorge A. White and William MoMullen (chainman and axe- man) ; these four had instructions from me to follow my canoe and keep cl^e in shore. On reaching nortiieast corner from camp, the Ink»> which had been rough became worse and higii wind tartcd. I then observed that the four nie:i as named above in ciinoe were aeling on their own initintive and endeavour- ing to make shore of island to east of mainland, evidently to olitain protection from wind. A few minutes later on looking round I coubl plainly see that mem- bers of the late party were placing their weight on side of canoe to o|)e.n to wind thereby exposing their craft to great donger. I endeavoured to turn, but could not do so on account of heavy seas, at same time shipping considerable water in my own cainH'. At this time the two canoes were widi'ly separated, the larger one evidently having weathered the gale. A short time later the party were seen puddling parallel to shore apparently O.K. This wa.s last sight of party. My canoe was bluwii about two miles down lake, and I beached it as soon as possible. 'The seas by now v.cie extremely heavy and wind very strong. I immedi- ately took my transit from case and swept shore linos for si^dit of party. I was unable to locate them at this time and thought that they had reached shore. We were forced to remain on point from IQ.'Ul a.m. until IJ p.m. when wind changed and during lull 1 returned to main camp. ilr. Dunn and myself leav ing immediately to search for party, but found no trace. ' On Septend)er l.'i, after nine days' search three botlies were recovered in lake, death evidently being duo to dpowning. These bodies were interred at Mission cemeter.\ (Anglican) at (irand Rapids. ' On Septendier 18 the police boat, in charge of Corporal Grennan, arrived from Le Pa.s at 3 p.m. and search was continued. 'On Friday. September 20. 1912, at 8 a.m. the body of the late William McMullen w-as recovered near point where last seen on day of accident. The body was interred on Saturday. Septemocr 21. on island, the body Iieing interred here on account of emaciated condition. ' All bodies on recovery showed signs of aceident being totally ime.;pected, none having disrobed, and being in tlieir full bush kit, which made swimming very difficult.' (Sgd.) O. W. N. Charltox. ' I, Arthur iferritt, rodman of the above party, hereby corroborate the above statement with the addition that when we noticed the canoes were separated we shouted to the four men to turn back, but evidently they did not hear us.' (Sgd.) Arthur Merritt. I wish to add to the above statement that during the preceding night, and in the morning of September 6, the wind was ofif the west shore and while my instructions I'AsijLIA Nh.ri.SM \rir>itiindiMtr tluit fiic.v would ktM-)) «' sc to the west •.Imr,', whiir tiny wmiM lit> pru- tocted from the wind. It seenia that bv the time tiie cnnor* r<'aflie' to reach their destination it i« imposgiblo even to kiicss. All the evidence points to the fact that their canoe was upset by the load lieing all pliiccd on one side as mentioned in Mr. Charlton's statcmenf. Ill our search for the bodies we hud every nsaiistaiice po>-ible from Mr. Pntten'on and party of (irand linpids, and in interring the bodies we were treiitrd with grent kindness by Mr. Morris, the Augliean nii-sioimry nt (iriind l{ii|iids, who looked iifter the digKJng of the graves and coiidui-trd the iiniernl service. On Monday, September !>, we found the ennoe and paddli s aiid somi- elulbiiig. aiul eoneliidiiig that the wor--t liiid luippencd I iiiiiniMli.itely had drags eoiistruc'ted and engaged nine Indians, all 1 I'onid get. and put tlieiii to work dra;;ging the lake in the vicinity of the place where the eaiioe was Inst seen. Xotliiu'.', lioweViT, was found until the cigbtli day. when one boily eatne to the surl'.ice. and on the ninth day two bodies were found flonting on the witer. Tlie-c proved to be the bodies of Hugh W. Cochrane, (Jeorgc A. White and Fred. .Mef.ennan, and were buried in the Anglican eemetiry at fJraiid Hapids in the order here naini-d. counting from south to north, on the sixteenth day of Septend)er, lOli'. I returned to Cross lake on the ITth ami. Ic iving Mr. Charlton in charg(> of the camp, started for The I'as on the I'^th, witl. two Indians who Inid tliaf day arrived from Cedar lake in response to - i .ige sent in aecordniu'c with a previous arrange- ment. I wished to go to The t ) ) confer with the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, and also to commnnicate \. the ileparfim nt. !-id the misfortune to miss the police on Cedar lake as Cor. al (ir' ■■••'« .-ae ■ \ -it around Rabl)it point while I made a portage across it. The corporal had received n i -i '■• 'mcMi T had sent some days before with the Bishop"- iiarty and acting pi n ■ ,- arriveiving a statement of the drown- ini;- accident to the police, I arranged with ^fr. T. If. P. Lamb, of Moose lake, to take me down to the Narrows in his launch but. before leaving. I received a tele- gram from the department asking me to go to W'innipcg fui a conference regarding the reclamation project. I returned to The Pas on October .'?. and. on arrival there. T found, to my great surprise, that the sole remaining labourer of my partv was there to meet me. It seems be had taken ill shortly after 1 had left camp and had come to The Pas with the police, leaving Mr. Charlton alone with the cook to carr.v on the work. This caused me great anxief.v as I knew no Indians couhl lie secured fpr more than a day or two at most as the.v were all out on the hunt and nniking from $4 to $20 per day by the sale of muskrat skins. 14 ht:i'.iRT.vt:sr ot' rut: ixtknior 1 tlicrufore muilo all hiwt«> to return to canip niiil. nfter makiiiv n rhiiiii for ili'i>|i- xviitpr !>'iuiiiliiiir, I 'tiirtt'd down tho river <>u Octolx-r .'> in c-(iin|iiin,v witli Mr. I,iitnl> mill iii.v lii-tt remuiniiiuc lalHiiiriT, who hud now i-oni|)li'tfl.v rti-ovcrcd from hii" rciTnt illneiK. -My nrrnntrcmpnt with Mr. Lamb neocxnitatiHl our gowg by way of Moo»c lake, II' "liicli iiiiint \v(> iirrivril the Hiiuit- t'vt'iiiiiu, hut ovviii^ to i'iirkiii-H4 iiml n lii'-li imrlli wind we fould not rnter the lake with cuir launch but hud to walk iiloiiff the shore to reach A(r. Lainb'it lioiiio at Tho I'o«t, a distance of one and a half niilcit westerly. 'I'liiti niMTSHitatcd the fording ot a I'mall crwk, tlio waters of which were wiincwhat KWollcn by the north blow. We remained at Moose lake over Sutiday comfortably hon^ied in Mr. Lamb's I'"" iii'w liiiiiH'. Mr. I.iiini) has iiIho a ni»»\ store at M(i(i«<> lake, well sii|i|ilieil with ml the necessario-i and many luxuries. On Mont only one week from .Moose hike until our return to The Pas. His business would not permit him to remain loiiiicr and. having lost our men and one canoe, we had no other way to jjet baok exi'cpt by means of the launch. We arriveil at The Pas on OctoIxT 14 and on ITith I paid off m.v one remaining man and cook. On the Ifitb I was fortunate enough to make arrangements with Mr. Jackson, the inspector of Indian Apencies, b,y wliicb I was permitted to use the Indian Department launch Okema for a trip to Cedar lake, and as the water was now fallinpr quite rapidly I hoped to be able to Kct some soundinjfs in the Saskatchewan river. I therefore purchased the neces- sary {rasoline and eiiftafted a man to run the engine and started down the river nuiiin on October IT. We reached Cedar Lake Post on the l^*th and started on tt'.c return .iourncy on the 10th. On the 20th we encountered a blinding snow storm which prevented our travellinpr and interfered materially with the building of fires for we had to cook outside, although we were eonifortnbly housed aboard at night, as the launch was full cabined. We took soundings at several points along the river and returned to The Pus on Octolicr i'i. On the 24tb we stored our outfit, and on 25th we left for Winnipeg. HISTORY AND CENEIIAI. OUTMXE OF WORK. In the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, between latitude 53° 10' and 54° 10' and longitude 100° and 103°, lies a very extensive area of drowned land. The Hooding of this valuable area is caused by the overflow of the Saskatchewan river during the warm weather in the summer when the snow melts in the Rocky Mountains. The course of the Saskatchewan is crossed near its outlet into lake Winnipeg by an extensive rocky ridge forming a very heavy rapid in the river, known as Grand rapids. 'J'his occurs at about three miles from lake Winnipeg. i:\sfjlH lft:rl,AU\fin\ I'HoJf.rT tft About fourteen miles fartlier up the river there in iinother rocky obittnietion fnruiliiir the Ih-iui-Chtirtfi' riipi'l" ji'-t I't the eiitrniiee i>f the Su«i«nti'he«iui river into CroM liiku 1111(1 between CroNH hike anil (ininil rii|iiiU iire two lender nipiiU known iix ('r(i«» Luke miiiilx :iml I{i'nii-('hiirui' nipiiln i. Flyinir Pout rn|ii(l«. whieh i^ eompnrutively u;iiniiM>rtHnt. Thi-! ( i.hir lake, a ilii*tan<'r of 75 niileM, the full in Ix'lieveil to he iiiiproxiniately -32 feet [mt mile. As the Kradeit on the upper renrhesi of the river are very heavy it is not difficult to nee what miiat hapiK'ii to the portimi of the river which lies l«"t\vceii tlic*o heavy liraili's on the west ami the rock.v olistniclions on the cast. ThiM flooded condition ha^t often U-en observed and noteil by ex| rcri*, and nuftKestionx have been made t\* to the piMitibility and desirability of rci'hiimintt the area. It was not, however, until the year IIMO that an.v active attention wan Kivn to the matter. The late Mr. H. K. Yountr. then chief KcoKraphcr of the dcpartme, . uriced that a reconnaiKsaiicc invcsti^atiiiu Im' made in the ti"ld, and the late William Oirilvie waK instruirtcd to pass through the district on hi« way, in the summer of tUlU, to liraiid rapids and the XeUon river, with a view to u prcliiiiinary examination of the possibility of draining this district or rcclaimin^^ any cmisiderahle area and. based on his recommendations to Mr. Yountf. he was instructed to make u iipeciel examination of the Hooded area diiriiiK the fidhiwintf summer. As a result of Mr. Oxilvie's investigations diiriiiK the summer of lUll a very interestiuK and instructive report aiul plan was til(>d in this department. The very encouraKiuK information contained in this report induced tiie depart- ment to continue the investiKutions in order to obtain more dctinite information coiicernint; the eugineeriii); problems which still remained so laru:(']y a matter of opinion and conjecture. T!iis h'd to the investigation which 1 conducted under your instriietions in the season ot 1U12. The plan suKKestcd for the reclamation of this area is the construction of a canal through the rocky barrier between Cetlar lake and Cross lake and tliereby reducing the elevation of the surface of Cedar lake to that of Cross lake. Should this be found iiisiitliciiio, it has hciMi furtiicr »u(tncstcd tiiut liic elevation of hotli Cross and Cellar lakes might be lowered some four or five feet by making a cut through Cross lake rapids. The soil of the whole flooded area nuiy he described as alluvial, forming the bottom of what was once an extensive Like which has been gradually, but not com- uletely, drained by the slow process of erosion and breaking away of the rock barriers on this eastern margin. In addition to this gradual wearing away of the rock bariier the more rapid action of building up the old lake bottom by the depoi:.it of silt fri.m the heavily charged waters of the Saskatchewan has also been going on. This deposit of silt ceases, however, as soon as the soil surface reaches the level of high water and then the work of upbuilding is taken up by the growth and decay of vegetation. It w»9 suggested by Mr. Forward, then an engineer in the Public Works Depart- ment, in a reconnaissance report to his department in 191)9 on the navigation of the Saskatchewan river, that if the river were dammed and the drowned area flooded more deeply the deposit of silt would raise the soil surface to such a height that th.i removal of the dam and consequent lowering of the impountled waters would leave tho laiiil sufficiently dry for cultivation. It is extremely iloiihtfiil if such a result would follow such action, as the depo^'t of silt in any considerable quantity requires periodical flooding and not eontiunouii flooding as in a lake. The lake formed by the proposed dam woidd not be different from Cedar lake, which is not titling to any great extent except at the east end, and where the silt-charged waters of the Saskatchewan come in contact with the still I'aniliiiu Krehiiuiitiiiii I'liijwt. Diuil Chari.'.' Ita|>iili< ,t Cr.ws Lik.-. ('i.™» Liik.' Ciiini.. l'.i».|iiia K.claiiuiti.81 I'rdjict. Cr(i«> I.nk.' ami Calico I». from Cfohh Like Camii. fi.ifQin ffKf'Mifinov i'nn,n:rT \7 watrn >ii ot a ^-ten of liie lukc. So much of iho lilt U dpp«Miito,! at mid nwr thin point thai vwy llttlJ ever rraflK* the remoter portiona of the lake. I'liUoiihtidly thi.ft. in no wiiy to ni-laim thi» lune year* to eoTne. he derived from tha divernion of tlw upper lor irrlRfltion purpoM>»i, hut thia i« not likely to be appn^iahle. No nrtnimntit or tindinir, based on (Jwervatiomi of the notion of un.v «re»i. rivfr, nii.n ..r h..» nniotc fn.ni n* oiitlcr, rnu iivnil iiKiiiiiMt this |iM|Hmiil whi.l , template* the improvement of the outh't ifwlf. The fall at the o.itlet of 111) f«.t in 22 mile* taken it nut of the ela'« with the Nile. Misiisnippi or Dauiilte. It therefore rctnaini to find the most eeonon.ienl route for n ninnl to lower Cedar hike »iifflcieiitl.v to relieve the lirowneil hwb of i!j hurd«>n ot WMtcrf. CroM tjoke. Aooording to the travenw made hy Dr. Klotj! and cnilKMlh-.! iu hi« report in 1»H». tho width of Croiw lake from Culjeo island to the point at whieh the riv«r I.hvi.h fl lake on the euxt itide i» 4^ miles. Tho lenifUi from north to aouth Is ulxiit 17 iin The iiortlurn |/urtion of this iaku is long uud narrow unci hus stverul i»liind». WHS hut little known previous to 11(12 ao no survey had U-en iiiimIo heretofon-. Tho |)ortion south of Chunnel island is aomewhat circular in iliape, is cntiri'l.v o|i- and free from islands and of «oo- hay and I.nmh's hay, two of the possible outlets for the proposal canal, indicates a f'Ufficicnt depth of water within a short distance from shore. r. utiii^ ttliii'h water An exond- Crns.1 l.iiKf to Cfilnr f.nl.r. The coiincctiiig link JK'twcen Cedar lake and Cross lake is formed by a section of the Saskatchewan river, G miles iti length and 1.200 feet wide ut its narrowest point. The most im|K>rtant feature in this stretch is the Kemi-Charge rai)id, wbii-li occurs at its outlet into Cross lake. The river is here partially obstructed by two islamis, Sjiruce island on the south and Caliio island on the north side. The distance bel Aeen -Spru'-o lalniid and the north shore is 1.200 feet, hut there is. in addition to th's, a large volume of water flowing through the channel to the south side of Spruce island. 49KS5 — 3 11 htTtHTUfAT nt tilt: IStt.Klim AUivi' iIh' Ih'ihi-ritiiivi- iIm- fiirri'iit i« -ifiiim until AimImt (Miint ipi ri'iiflifd. Di'lKii'ii Alirlior |M.iitl mill Kl.viiijf I'n-f rii|ii<|. Jlifri' i» n wiilr lnki liki' i'ti|>itti«iiitl with littl)> iMirri'iit mill Imvinu n i|i|itli nl' Iruiii T to li' fiit. Tlic Fl.viil^ I'o't riipiiU !« vit.v bIihIIow in |itiici'4 with n lumlilri ttri'wn IhiIIhiii linviii'/ niil.v 2 or 11 t'ti't "f uiiIit, but tliiri- i» » t iirrnw i-li iinifl jii«t v '"t of l>iviiliriir iNliiiul wlilcli \* 5 to " I'ti't ill ili'pili. Till' rivir i" inirrnwi-r iiikI ili>i'|ii'r mi tlii' wf»t niilf III' Hiviiliiiir i^liiiKl. I>iit vitv nh .n.i» im tlir i'ii>t "iili'. hitiiliiitr i«lmiil i« Invv iitt'l rocky, of tltp •iinir fortnniiMM u* till- "iirriiiiiiiliiiu roiintry. lia lirrl.il 1 iiitif^i iiiiiiiii-. Aloiit a mill' iibiivc Miviiiiiiu: i«liiiiii i« tin' Xiiriou>. wiiirii is n mt.v luirruw pas- siifTc It t worn Mduso isiiiiiil iiml tiic smitli sli rivir from (^nliir hiko. To tho north of Miioso island tlioro is a widi- hnt. very -linllow rliniiiii'l wliich is not snfo to navi- jintc with any kind of craft. Tln» riviT r!:?i- >:i a >ia'.:!!;i:i-ti'r!y d;ri':'!;nn and th" -ontlnvist -huro i- qnitr- hintl Tln» riviT r!:?i- >:i a >ia'.:!!;i:i-ti'r!y d;ri':'!;nn and th" -ontlnvist -hiTP i- tiiiitr- high in many plaocs and is roi'Ny thrmiL'hoiit. 'I'lic northeast -hnrr is also rooky, hut ia low and was tloodid in many plaoos in 1012. I'AMQin nr.ii.s\i\tin\ vHn.n:ir Iff I'lihr l.;iLr. I'lfliir Ink • i» .|iii»c ,1 li.rui . \|.iiii.i' ..f wnl.r kIm.mi Id inili > in |> nutli iintl I niikx ill ttlillh iit ill «i.|..l |.i«rt. .x.-l.i.ivi. ..I' tli.' nurlli iirtii »lii.-|i U. in j»...|f. uU.nt twiiil.v mil.. Iniiir. It i, .liiiM.'.l Mill, i.liiii.U at iH.tli th.' fii-.| uti.l \v...t .nil., htit with II liifK.. ..|nit i-x|>iiii.<' ill till, .•••iifri., h i. (Mirtiiillv ilivi.M l.v h l.,ii.r, imrr.iw IMMiiii-iilii i-iii|iiiir ill It.'il.l.it point niin'it ft mill', iif lliuh piirtiiiri< nii tlii> .nnili .ln.ri'. Tlu> r.Kiiliir ••iitii... roiiti' i. nroiin.j l>y tl rtli -li.ir.' to tin- <'r.i..inir.' llninf li. nnbliit point iiikI I'rom iIhtc t.i tlir .\iirr..«., ul.il.. tli.' Imtl-.t crifl j, ,\\tv>-\ In ni l>iini-iin i.liiiiil l.i Itiililiii point, wlii^'li liivc, n h'sc mIioiiI .|iii. ..n-t. niii^fip-li.'. I In- ilfl'tli of ill,' Hiil.T iiloiiB till- lioiit I'liMiini'l i. ■>:, to .■i:. r..,.t. v\ t nt'iir Kiiiumm i-laml. off Kaliliii p. int. uikI in tlio iniiiiiijiiiii' vii'initv of tli,. .\„rr.iu-. A- .tiii.il i|..«|„.rr l",i~(Mi,. I!,. ImiiuiI..,., Pi,,,,. I. I kin-n|.lli. Ilvi.n rimr^ H».liiCl.- I.:,kr ( ■„n,|.. in this iviorl. llic u-.-itiT i> .,nl.v :; 1.. I li.t d., p uti |;:,l,l,il p^.inl ,liini,i.' |.., v,;ii,i- n.'conliuff to Cjiptiiin \1>~h. '\\u- Wiii.T i* s f,.,.f ,|,.,.p ,it tl,,. .\;ii-,,,u. Km .l,.,|„ii- nipiilly tou„nls ill,' «v,t to L'.-. f.-rt. Wiiil,' tlir u':it,T i- kiioH,, to l„. -|,,,n..,v „| DiiiiPiin i-liiMil llicTT i« i|o ili'tinitf iiif.inimio)! jiv (,, i),,, ,.x.|,.r iN.ptli. Till' ui-i ,11,1 of th,. Ink,' is ntTi',t,'(( ^, i(,"<^n-iiUniLI,' ixP'iit l.y th, ,1, po-it ,,f sill, wlii h is nioro iioii,Tn^W.«. li.nvrvir. ^i tlif lo\v,-i' nncli,- of tli,' S;,skMf.li,'" m, riv,.r whir.' it I'nijitii'r-im.i llii' l.iN- This niiti'rinl ^\^\]\ prohil.lv ..,11 !.,■ nni,,vr.,l hv ill.. inc'ri.ii-c,I ,'iirr,.iit ilii,. to lli,. I.'W.rin.,' of th,. h,!.,.. ),m| .||,,:;|,| .,,,y ,.,.„,;, l,, |, will |.p vcrv I'.nsy ,if n iii.i\ il. Th,' shoii.- iinil isliiMiN of fVfl.nr Ink,' nr.^ iiiosfly rofky :in,? ,...v,'n..l with spruce •'""' Ii"l''i'r. I'lif ir, soin,. ph - lli.y iir,. low (,ii,l ],.m\ t.. nin-k,.- In th,. inti-rior. .Mioiit till, iiioiitli of lhi. rivi.r. li,.w,.v,r. th.f,. is m iniiiiin.,. niil h,.wina on till. Soft sill ,li.posil(.,l from th,' ov,.r-,.h,iri;i ,1 w;il,.rs. Till' f.'iitriil portion of tli,. ImIo. i- wiml .wipt. .lorj Mri.^t I'lir,. sho:i!4 h>> .--vrr- fisi.i| ill iiiivitriiliii«. with sukiH ,.riift. |i i- not ,:if,. to ml,. nipt to .-ro-s the main lioily ,if till' hiki. in I'linois. ao IIKI'AHTilKSr Of niK ISII-.HIitH Saskatchewan River. That portion of the Saskatchewnn between The Pas and Cedar lake forms the third link in the chain of the proposed seheme of drainage, but is the second in iniportanie. This river is nboiit S(M) feet wide nt Tiic Pus at iti narrowest iioiiit and it varies from 200 to 1,500 feet or more in it« course to Cedar lake. Above The Pas there is a very wide open stretch of river which suddenly narrows and turns to the left at The Pas, with the result thnt in periods of high water the Sask- atchewan below The Pas cannot accommodate the flood and the water rushes up rawinia HiiliUiialiiin I'lojeit. LiHiiiinn ilri«ii l)iiiii Cliiirp- |{iipi(t!4. the Pasro are two outlets to Jloose lake, one of which is through the Sturgeon river, l)ut Mr. Lamb, of Jloose lake, informs me that such is not the case. The Sturgeon river takes its ri.^e in a muskeg south of M"m lake and flows south into the north arm of Cedar lake. Tlie outlet of Moose lake is throiigli Moo^c creek, wliicli is less than one hundre.' feet wide and has a unifi^'ni di'ptli of about til'te.'n tVt't. I saw nn (>\ idciicc of an rapid ur hard ixittoni in this stream, but found a bar of mud in Moose lake just at the mouth of the creek on wliieli the water was onl.v two feet in ileptli at the time of my visit. Mcui-e erei k i- four miles in leut;th and j(pins Moose lake with the Suninici- lierry river. ', iierinds of low water iloose lake empties into the Suinmerberrv through this neek but during high water the proeedure is reversed and the Summer- berry empties a eoiisideralile portion of its waters into Moose lake. The waters of the Snmmerlierry are heavily charged with silt which is held in sus)ieiisiou by the rapid motion of the water, but contact with the still waters of the lake causes the prcripitation of the silt and the foiniation of the nniil bar mentioned above. Tills 1 ar is a ni(iia,it a stop to the haektlow into Moose lake, and tlnis jircvent tiie formation (d' the liar. It is not known at i)resent whether it is necessary or not to lower the waters of Moose lake in order to drain tiie surr.)undinfr lands. It might he an advautaKc to confine the flow frfun Mnnse lake to juTiods «i low water. This regulation of the HoW would iiof oidy lie a great advantage to drainage hut could he made of still greater value in th<' proposed jiower development at (irand rapids hy storing the water in Moose lake and its feeders. Cormorant an|. 1 y similar conditions. The first period from the 7th to the 10th September, inclusive, at Winnipeg Beach seems to correspond to the period from the 6th to the 9th of September, inclusive, at (Irand rapi< and 19 at (irand rapids. The gauge reading at Winnipeg Beach M hEPARTUKST OF THf ISTERIOR on September 17 wa« the mean of the three daily readinRS, and the gauge atood at 3-70 feet. On September 18 the gauge at Grdnd rapids read '51 feet which wa« the mean for the period under consideration. Applying those results as in the first period we have : — Zero of gauge at Winnipeg Beach 712-16 Oauge rending at Winnipeg Beach, September 17 3-70 Elevation surface lake Winnipeg at Winnipeg Beach, September 17, and Grand rapids, September 18 71586 Gauge reading at Grand rapids, Septemlier 18 -51 Zero of gauge nt Grand rapids 71^>•.^5 During this period the variations were very similar, following a storm at the south end. The average of all the gauge readings at Winnipeg Beach for .'«• ptember and the first thirteen (hi.vs of Oetolier, 1912, compared with the average nt (■rand rapids tor the same period is as follows: — Zero of gauge at Winnipeg Beach (geodetic survey) 712-16 Average of 41 gauge readings at Winnipeg Beach 4-03 Average elevation of surface of lake Winnipeg during the period. 716-19 Average of 41 gauge reidings at ( irand rapids -Ofl Zero of gauge at (irani! rapids 715-50 Recapitulation. Zero of gauge at Grand rapids, bused on observation during first period 715-61 Zero of gauge at Grand Hapiils, bused on o'ufcrvation during second period 715-35 Mean of the two determinations 715-48 Zero of gauge at Grand rapids based on average of 41 readings. . T15-.5() From these considerations I am led to adopt 715-50 as the elevation of the zero of the gauge at Grand rapids instead of 711-43, as assumed by Mr. Patterson. The average surface elevation of lalxe Winnipeg for the 41 days under consideration was 716-19, while the mean elevation for the two periods cited above was 716-03. I have therefore decided to take 71'! feet above sea-level as the elevation of tjjf surface of lake Winnipeg during Scptcniiier and the first half of October, 1912. The year 1912 was a high-water year, but not as high as 1908. Extreme high water at Tiie Pas was about two feet higher in 1012 than in 1911. Thi? would mean a variation of about one foot or less at lake Winnipeg, which would make the eleva- tion of lake Winnipeg 715 feet in 1911. This accords with the elevation determined by the Geodetic Survey in that year. As 1911 was a year of little more than average elevations, I adopted 715 feet above sea-level a> the average elevation of the surface of lake Winnipeg. This agrees with .Mr. Ogilvie's views, as expressed in his 1911 report. A careful survey of the river between lake Winnipesr and Cross lake made by Mr. E. B. Patterson for the Manitoba H.vdrographic Survey, in 1912. shows the differ- ence in elevation of these two lakes to be 105 feet, whicli makes the elevation of Cross lake 820 feet. J'AHQLJA IIECIAMATWX PROJECT Mr. Ogilvie, in his 1011 ri-port. fjive- tlio difforeiico of plevntion of Cross lake and Cediir lalte at 15 feet, and the elevation of WinnipeKoais ns the i>nnie n» Cedar lake. Tiiig would give an olcvation of x.l.' for Cedar lake and Winnipesosis. The elevation of the zero of tiie nini)io piuceil by the I'uWie Works Department on the upstream side of the boat landinfr at Tiie Pas is niven as S4.1.4.'>. Tlie reading on tliis gauge at extreme liigli water in V,)V2 was l;{.tj, whieh makes tlie niaxiniuni elevation of the water at The Pas during tlie year 1912, 85!»0."> The inaxiiuuni for 1911 was 856.00. The best information at pre-ent aviiihible would >eeni to indiente the following elevatiuus : — TiiM-atinii. r^iikf Wiiiiiii'«*f? 1 -ntH?. lake tytfjar lake Jjjike \\'iiiiii|ie);u'4iH Mixtw Iftkr ClfarwatiT !aki' . . The Pa» Klfvation, 1911. Klf \atiuii. 1!»12. 71.-. 7lii sa) S21 S35 !<36- ^ CM The elevation of Moose lake and Clearwater lake were taken from White's book of .Mtitiides, while the elevations at The Pas are takeii from the gauge beigbts re- corded by the Publie Works Department for the years given. From this table it will be -een that tin- fall between Tlie Pas and C«'snibli' to form a rimali it' tin- ear. The available information regarding gauge heights and discharge of the Saskatche- wan river below the Forks is very meagre, and it is important that metering stations be established and a daily record of gauge heights be kept at several points between the Forks and Grand Rapids. In addition to the stations at Grand Rapids and The Pas, there slioulu be at least three others established, viz., one below the Forks, one at the Sipanok channel and one near the Narrows. With a series of meterings and a record of daily gauge readings at these five stations, the information regarding dis- charge, storage, etc., at differciil stages of water would W- fairly complete. This iiifi>r- mation is absolutely necessary to jK-rmit of an intelligent solution of the problems involved in the proposed scheme. The Plans. The plans ac<"ompanying tiiis report were compiled from the best information obtainable at the present time. Tlie plan of part of Cedar lake and Cross lake was prepared from notes of our 1912 survey, which was luirriedly made, and is not intended to be more than a rough approximation except the lower half mile of the river and Cross lake, which was more carefully done and is fairly accurate. The basis of tile tii'M plan was Mr. Oj-ilvic's pliiii ai nriiaiivin;; his report ol' r.iH. Some alterations and numerous additions have been made to this plan, but no attempt is made to correct the location of Cross hike, which is slightly out of position on the map. Much of the information regarding small lakes and islands distant from the Saskatchewan river has been gleaned from conversations with Mr. Lamb, of Moose Creek, and other residents. The elevation of the ditfercnt lakes was determined, as explained in this report. TiiK nii.MNACK schk:iii:. As has been suggested elsewhere in this report, the key to the drainage scheme is the liiils let ween Cccjar lake ami Cross hike. Kitlier the river must he deepened lietwcen these two lakes sufficiently to lower Cedar lake the required amount, or an independent route for a canal must he found, cr a conihlnation of these two schemes. In attempting to determine the most feasible and economical route for this canal, there are so many unknown factors to be dealt with that it renders the problem quite impossible of solution at present. While it is not possible to fix the location of this canal nor to desijrn it in detail with the information at hand, it is i|uite safe to discuss its requirements and, in a general way, some of the features that will affect the location. VMiQii.i Ht:rL.i\iirii,\ 1'iio.ji:' I 2T From tho .liwliarKi- nHasim- t.iU taken iit the Pas it wt-iiw vir, prolmhle that in the years 11(01 and 10(>H tl, .t «u.<. for a short time at l.-ast, in tiie nei»ililM>urh I of 100.«)00 Rooond 'eet -.asgii- tlii" p^^int, while at (Jrund Kupids the maximum dig- charge w a p >hah. over (O.-HM, ;on,l f.vt. Mr. Forward istimattHl the muNinnini discharRe at (Jrand K.ipi ., to '..e «fl.0S4 second tV..t. but tin* is le«s than tho arfunl discharge found by Mr. Pattergon in 1912, when the flow wag considerably Icgg than tho maximum. No measurements have been made of the discharne between Cellar and Cross hikes, but It may l.i, ns»unii second left. As soon as the flood at The Pas drcrease.1 l.clow TO.CXIO sc.^ond feet the water» would bcKin to recede from tlu' tlooiU'd urea. In any drainage whenie .lesigned to coii- hne thesct above Cross lake. We can hardly Iioik' to accomplish this by any improvement in the river alone, as there IS not III all eases sutficient wid.tli to nccoiuinoF " •• -'-V-OO •' " " 12,s7O,0t:i'Mii ui:\T nr rut: imhiiiuk No fiirthor tlitiriU of tliifi work i-ni| Iw civt-n at pn-Miit. imr of thp work m'12 very few samples of soil were taken owing to the prevalence of lii>;li water which privented any examination of the soils of the interior. A few samples were secured in tho vicinity of the Saskatchewan river, but no reiMirt as to their value has yet lieon received from the Komiiiiou Cliemisl. and, in any ease, they cannot be considered as represeiitativo of the interior soils. Ill tiikiiiL' siiniplcs from the vicinity of the river, I leit I was simply rcpcat- iiit' what b;i(l Imiu done by Mr. Onilvic iii I'-Ml. witlmilt :iddiii|.' iiiiitcri:dly ti. the information already ^'aiiied. So far as can be delermiiied at present the soils of tho district between The Pas and Cedar lake are pra<'tically all alluvial, linviiijr been formp«l by the preci- pitation of the sediment carried down by the river. As has been said before, the waters of the Saskatchewan are very heavily cliarfjeil with silt, especially during the lliMid pii-icMl. Wlieii the river i.verlli.ws, the water ru-lies away into tlie interior lakes anil marshes, and the silt, which has lieeii iield in suspension whil(> the water was in inoiiiiii, -eltli'^ ti> tin iM.ituni and li'av<'s the water <'oniparatively dear, cxeeiit for the eolouriiiR due to the jiresence of vcfretatioM. .\s the flood re<'edes, this deposit is left on the land, and the operation is repeated at the next overflow. The water y^raihuilly eh iirs on its course down stream resulting in the inevit- able shoals anil bars in the river, but the greatest precipitation takes place when the back water from Cedar lake is reached. After passinir throiifih Cedar lake and the r.-mile link of the river between Cedar and Cross lakes, the water is found to bo coniparativcly free from sediment. Tn the northern extensions of Cedar and Cross lakes the water is of cry-talline clearness and purity. The certain result of this periodical floodiiifr must be that the coarser particles held in suspension by the water, heiiip: heavier, will be deposited in or near the river bed at the first slipht diminution of the veloeity, id only the very fine par- tidrs w.,iild he carried inlu the interior. This m.ikes it p=prrifilly d''=!raWe that samples be obtained at points remote from any channel of the Saskatchewan, past or present. vHHVIIHPHIMH^ l'><^'|uiii Iti'cliiiiiatioii Proi**ct. SiiMkH'aii iJivti. Stinwititf IVtptar "tci*' tint. l'iiM|iii;i l^-clilIllatil>n iN'ijfct. S;i>katthf\i an Hivtr Showing' Will'm- -hnip lim- H-nnlt'iJ ariM in lNa■k^^l•Mnl|. «0 /»/./•. I «n//.vr or rut: istkhiok In tho veur 1011 the late Mr. Oitilvip iccuml tw.tit.v-tvix, «ani|>le« of toiU in thii •ection and hod them aiiiibzed by Mr. Shutt, Dominion ('hcnii»t. While Mr Shutt'- "iff* u "u" "'"*,•"''• »* I"'** fnvouMhle. ail intimate knowUxiKe of the dittri.t from which the tamplei wore taken i* nece»»ury to an inlrliigpnt iin.l«.n.iHn.linii of the aitu- •tion. For nistanoc. »*mple No. 3:i i» from • very hitrh *ton.v ridg« ncnrly one hundred feet above the waf.r. na .tiifetl in Mr. Offilvi.'. r.pon of mil. Snmpl..* NW 3a and J8 are from high jrroiind more or hum ttony iind nlmve the reach of hivh wattT Tiie evidence prcwnted by the*e tliri-e -.umphM Khonhl eiirrv very little Wright. ,., tl..- im-.i-. th.-y reprewnt are very limited, iin.l \m\r no re«-mbliin.H« to the jireiit H.mmIi^I ,.r.a. rhe renminder of the sample*, are pnieti.-ally all from near the river, and fairiv rei.re.Heiit the 8oil« nlonit the hanki.. Tlipw, however, are certainly di«i.iniilar and probably inferior to the w.iU of the interior. Samples from the interior ran lie obtained only with the Breate^t dIfReulty owiiir. n* stated above, to the preK-nee of water, and it mav l« necewary to use a siK'eiall.v eonstrueted inntrnment for this piirpof^e. It would probalily Ik- I»s,s diftienlt in sti.^oiis of very low water. In nil ean* where the water is not too di-ep. then- i» « very rank growtii of Rrasa, wnii,. in tlie wetter |)ortioiiH rinhes and »onie eoarwr varieties of irra»» extend as far a» the eye can reach. The itrowth seems to indicate a fertile soil, the absence of trees lieiiiR easily aeeoiiiited for by the eoiitinnoiis priw>neo of water at or alM.vr the Biirfnee of the prroiind. KAVIUATIOM. The navination of the lower Saskntchexvuii river has l«.en eonfiiud to boats of ahoiit ;i feet dra-Kht and there h no attempt to go further down than Codar lake. In the days before the eon.lr.ictio:. of the Canadian I'aeiHe railway, the river was ni.yiifated all the way t.. tlie head of (iraiid rapids by York boat, and Vven steamboats wlii.l, wer,. l.anld up the Hed Roek ami upper rapids by means of a line. FreiKht of all kii.-ls intended for the west was in.lo.i,!ed at the foot of ('.rand rapi.l.s bv boat, ply- ins: on lake ^^ lanipeR. from here it was transferred to the head of the rapids bv means of n tramway, iMnjf hor:-e-drnwii cars. Should the power at (Iraiid rapids be developed and leeks eonstructe.1. lake Win- nipeg vessels could pass the rapids and ascend the rixer to Cross lake. The oow.r dam at Orand rapids ^bo.dd Ik> of s.,ch hoiKht as to flood out Ked Rock rapids com- pletely, and so reduce the fall in Cross I^ko rapids as to admit of easy uaviKatioi, without raising the elevation of Cross lake. The construction of the pro|)osey the direct route. In the winter there is a small trading settlement at Pine Rluff and a smaller one at Hill island, but one trip in the fall is all that is necessary to supply these. There is also a little trading done in the winter time at Poplar point, but this is south of the innin Saskatchewan and is supplied from Cedar Lake post. At the present time the route by way of the Summerberry channel is more impnrt- nnt than by the main channel, since the bulk of the trade is to Moose lake and through Moose lake to Cormorant lake. The trade to Cormorant lake will be cut off. however. PAfiQLn nt.ci..m.iriu\ i'HuJt:rT St on tli« completion of that portion of tlif> IIiiilxoii Uuy railway from The I'lm to UiU luke. Tht' only \vhit«< »)>itli'iiiciit in tin- dinlrii't nt pri-i«'iit i* iit Tin' l*ii». thi llii' ••oin pletion of the drainnKi> worku »!iiit«' tin- full ■long tlie whole coune betwm>n Cwhir liiko and Th« I'liit. niul will improvf tin- iinvi- irntion of thii channel rery materially. Thii», with the (li-vi-lnpiin'iii of tlii> powrr lit Oniml riipids iiml the ronntruction of drniiuiKC work* prop 1 in tlii* n-port, little iNi> will In- riMpiirod to niiikc tlio Haitlrtttr'iewiiii naviirahlu from The I'nii to lake Winniix-jr. The only aihlitional ex[icnR(> rcMiiir<'!<- to krop a drcdm- in the river for the removal of any Kmall luirn that may form from time to time at the west end of (\-<|ar laki-. Tlie-p liar* am at prtwnf a menaee to naviiration a-« are al»o iomc- of the other "hoal* ill low water. nr.rMtniK\T or rut: istkhiok ;'UU(TR. A «Uily rMord wat kept of thi> reiiiliiijK <.f the lhrnnomf>ti>r anil buMUH'tcr diif. iiiir the moiitha of Atiirtiit, Mrptptiihcr nmi <)<-ti>lM-r, n» follow* :— TKMPKH.VnrKK ANI» lUMoMKTKIl' KKAtMNDM. Triniwniliiri', llaniUM'trr. Kxniarka mi. AnifiiBt 2 » 3 " 4 » ft .. B .. 7 n M .. tt .. HI . . .■ 11 . . ., - u .. 13 " u » IS .. IB .. 17 .. 1M ,. . " 30.!." ! .. « " 22 .. 2:1 ... . .. 24 .. aft " 27 .. ........ .. 'M " ;!ii. . .. ■■ m S.|it. I " ^ . . . .'. '■■ ^....... .. ti " I .. .M tt. . .. 1« .. M .. 12 .. la .. 14 " v> " IB " 17 •■ IS ... . .. 1!» M -31 .. -il .. 22 ..2:1 .. 24 .. 2."> .. il> •■ 27 .. 2H .. 'Jf.t .. 30 Han. 7» 7T 1^ 74 77 7H 7ft m 7« 77 70 72 78 7H 74 7« 71* 7« tM 7H 70 7it 7; (Vt «7 7 41 30 -7 2 III' LMi ;t(i -."til.". 2!) Ill •J.s in 8!l 111 211 117 2N W 2H 7» 2H»1 W 21 2n ill 2N ll.'i 2H 52 27 70 2K M 2H 7ll 21t S HI 2S !I3 !.'.•< ri."i •.N liL' 2.'< 42 •Jx ii2 •JH H."i 2H 75 2.S s.". 27 "ill 2M 711 2H 74 2s 71.1 •J» 74 2S 7!l 2.M '.15 211 IHI 2m hi' 2.>* 71 211 4."> 2H !i.-| 2S H."i 2H IKI 211 t»i 2S K". 2S "."i 2N 311 2S !KI 211 10 211 15 2'< 95 •«4 2" 2!t 441 29 32 28 Ki Knir. Kiiir. I'liHiity. ''luiiily iiiiH r.iin. ('IiiihIv mill Uit. ¥> Hiif. Kiiir. Knit. K*in. Kaiii ikiKJ I'lilil • 'IimkIv mill ciilil. I'ltir iiikI I'lilil, Kiilr mill iiiiil, ( 'liMiily. • •I..iiily. IKi.il. <'Ioiii;>'. • 'IiiimIv. Ituiii. rioiiilv mill cold. • 'liMidy mill mill, IKaJii. Kiiiii ami ciilil, CliHlllV. ri.iiiily. Iliiiii. liHill, Kiiiii. I'I'mhIv. Kiiii. Kim- liaiii. Iliiiii liiiin anil t;;iIi'H. It;tiii iiiiil ;;uli-i. 'Kiiii'. Kim-. rillr. Kiiu'. Fine, Kin** : niiii. liuiii :iiiil pili'i. It illi anil »;ali'<. Kuir ami inlil. CI.Miilv ami mill. Cliiinly ani|i-„!i|. I* im- : rain. Itaiii and jfalt-^. Klin and itaWa. Haiti ami Kalt'K. Kain and snnw, Siiiiw Hurrit'i*. CliMidy and cnld. Kiiic. " Smiw Hiirrii-N. K:t:n .-illtl :^now. f 'itld mid windy. Fair and cold . Fair and mid. i:\mni\ni.ri.i\i\riusi'H(Ht:rT j| TKMI'KKATI HK .\M» ll.\HiiM».TKI«- KKAhl.MiM Cm,H..,i..l. fKl. I Ml-. I a » t ft, . « .. . . 7 M. M 10 ... II 13 .. la II ift !« IT »n lit •JO i'1 ti 23 24 25 Tomiwral iiri'. lluiiMiu'li-r. ««. Min. A.M. r.M. •m .-HI * 7.-. 2N IK) III 37 W II* 2» 4.-I Ml 41 2N Ai) 2n lit HI 4(t JM nn •» :>: «) 37 21) H) 2!) lA 17 31 21) Ift 2t) ID) .M 34 2» 71) 2t 7" ■IM Xt an 7.^ 2H lift W m 2» 23 21) 12 *» 2)1 JN 1)1 2>* H7 M\ M 2Uin :w .Nil 17 .(3 '*» 1.1 21) 10 ftl 24 2H 7ft 2»» mi • »•*> 27 2N H2 2)* mt M> 32 SI) II) as Ik-. « 34 mm »* 7" 41) Xt 2M m 2N )I2 47 :w 2H Hi 2X Hi-. t."> :« ■J>t IM) 2H HI) II ;;i ■> 7."> 2h .■»^ 41 2N 2M 70 2M INI III 27 21) I.-. 211 ln) :w 27 •J* !t2 2H H2 :t!i 2» 2-* II 2H lUI 17 21) 211 1.-. ■> 1)1 Kcmiirliii. I't.MMly iiiHi ruin. ^'»\t itn>l iiiill. < 'liMiity hihI iiiIiI. •''.Ill ; r»iii. I 'olil ; rnin. < 'liHirlv ttiiH 11 .III. rl<«i(ly, ruin. Kiiin iinil »iiiiw CI'HiiK iin.1 11. III. I'l.rti.ly uikI (iiIiI. ►'iin-. (^I.ni.ly nn.l iTHJ.'^ ri' AveniH:!! maximum ".T-f. " niiiiimiim 4!)^.i; Number of tinier liel.nv .".J ' None. September — • IIi({liost i-fiidiiifr oil ."ifli "s" Lowest ri'iidimr on 2i!tli •.•I-' Averaifp niaxinnmi lij .l' ■' minimum 40\!» Number of time.s below :ii' ' !) October (l.-t to 25th) — Iliffliest r.'iiiling on ind 04° Lowest rendiiiK on l.'Ith 24° Avenigo maximum 4S''.5 " minimum .12°-.'5 Number of tii)ie-i below •'52° 11 The first lifilit snow tiurry wns on September 22, but no snow lo spciik of fell until October 20, when there was a full of three inehcs whieh remained on tlie uround for several days. The weather throughout the season was unusually eool and wet. 34 ni:i'Mn \ii:\r of iin: i\Th:itinR ASTRONOMICAL. No instruments for precise determinations of latitude or louKitude were included in our outfit, as these were not considered necessary. The approximate location of the different points visited seemed to be all that was requirpi. bit 'he watch correction was found by both sun and star observations. The point of observation on Cross lake was at the foot of Demi C 'r-" ijipi,! o:, the north shore. The latitude of this point was found to be .i;}" 10 N" and the lonfritude 90° 42' 13" W. No correction was made for the rate of the watch, as it showed practically no variation during the first ten days at Cross Lake camp, although changing consider- ably later. The declination of the needle was found, from a number of observations taken at Cross Lake camp, to average 17° 40' east. The location of the west arm of Moose lake lias been determined by the 15th Base Line which has been run under the Surveyor Oeneral's instructions eastward from the second meridian to intersect the lake. Other lines have been started and ara being extended across the district this ■>, inter, and these will give a definite location to all points not already determined. AH of which is respectfully submitted. TIIOS. II. DUXX. C.E.. O.I..S. Engineer in Charge. Dated at Ottawa, this 7tli ilay of Afarch, 19ir,. i'.\s(ji n in:< i.iu.ii ii)\ i-r n:(i 39 KXTUACTS FHO.M KKI'OKT OF WM. (H;1I.VIK. D.L.S., OX TIIK I'ASQIIA IJKCLAMATIOX I'lJO.IIX T. SKASOX ]!»11. T.. J. B. ClIAI.MKS, Y.9<\., Stipt. Water Power Briuicli, Dcimrtmeiit of the Interior. Sm.— I Imvp the honour to snluiiit for voiir inforniiitioii mul oonsidonitioii the following report on my investigation of the Swaiiiiis, or as they are sometimes ealled 'the (Iromiec! lauds' on the lower Saskatchewan river, during the season of 1011. mSEHAIlY. an and. I iinmwliately on re<'eii)t of my instriKtions dated .Tune IC, 1011, hegnn prepar- ations for my departure in the wny of pro<'uring the required instruments and appli- anees. This was completed on the 24th, and I left Ottawa f.ir Winnipeg on the even- ing.' of the L':>th going by way of the lakes. Mr. Ogilvie reached The Pas on .Tnly 11th and started up the Pasquia river on .Inly .'ilst. Jle took observations at The Forks and s.'ut exploring parties up the east and west hran.'hes to eoll.et soil samples. He found this river to be fed princi- pally by the Pasquia hills whi.^h are foity luiles from the town of Tlie Pas and about 1.200 feet in lieight above the surroiniding plains to the north and e.a.st. In speaking of the derivation of th.> word ' Pas," Mr. Ogilvie foiuid it to be al>reviatiou of the word 'Pasquia.' me.ininK 'The i>lace where two hills meet.' in this coiineetion, says in part:-- 'On the south side ..f the Saskatebewau and east of the Pas river is a gravel ridge running southerly and parallel with the latter stream for aliout 2.") miles, gradu- ally dtvlining into a peat bog. This ridge at The Pas rises from thirty to thirty- five f(>et above the river ami as it is only about a mile wide and the surface border- nig It is barely aliove river level tlii~ rid;;.' from .-i houses on top of it I'an be seen, at open places, from miles above it on the river. These ridges do not abut one another on the river, tb.' northerly one being about two miles above the southerly, but viewed coming down stream, especially from the lake marke ridges or hills seem to meet, and this is probably the origin of the name as it was generally explained to me.' Returning from tlie I'as.piia river he next amended tlu' Carrot river to the mouth of the Sei)anok chaimel and thc^nee up the Sepanok to the .Saskatchewan river. Fr.>m hero he went through a "cut-off-' to the Tor.-h river which he followed to f umberhind lake and thence back to The Pas. He found that the uppcT reaclu's of the Sepanok f'bannel pass through com- paratively high ground and it is only at titnes of high water that the Sn«kntcliewan flows through this chann.d to the Carrot riv.^r. At f>th."r times th.- water is s., l„w 36 in:i:KttTMi-:\r of riir. ixteuior ill till' Sijiiiiiiik ii> til In- iiiKutKcii'iit fur tlir iins.sntri' uf rvi ii smnll I'limn's. Twii or tliriM' >iiiif jiiiiis were ciirinniti'riil in tlir Si'|iiiiiiik. The Snukiiti-lirwiiii liroki' Hwny friJiii its rnntiiirs in IS", iiml fuuiiil a nrw cliiiniii'l fur a iiiirtion of its waters liy wii.v of till' Torrli riviT to ('iiiiiln'rlnnil laki". In tliis uvw r-hninicl tii.- >rri'af<^r part of the fall was found to bo in the first ff>w miles j'lr leaving the main Saskntehewaii, whifli rosnltoil in oonsidoraMe Hooilint; iinil ilivision into many channels in tho vicinity of Ciinihcrland lake. Tlio Pas was reached on September 1st and the start made down tho Saskatch- ewan on SciJtember 11th. About i'5 miles below The I'as two lakes were examined and an opiMiiiifr i-oui tin>r the river with the lake on the south side was t'oinid to be miieli eiilar>reil since llllo. Above the opening this lake was found to be separated fioin the river by a hank averafrin-r about 100 yards in width. Tho various river channels in the neiphhoiirliood of Cedar lake were examined and Cedar Lake I'ost reached on September iJnil. lli^h winds caused delay at the I'ost and llifrh I'ortasre was not reached until September '2'.Hh. A line of levels was run over tiie iiortage from Cciliir lake to ]>ake Winnipefrosis. A compass survey, in which the courses w;' ]iacci|, was also made of 'lie portajfc roil. .Moose lake was iic.\t visited and the return to The I'as accomplished on October 2.")tli. .MiKA OF SnniKlfl.lJI I.AMlS llN Till; I.OWKR S \SK \T( IllAV.W. (Copied from report). ' For eoiiveiiieiii-e of reference it is necessar.v that evcrythiiifr and locality have a name, and cMstoin ilciiiandinn' that such be as iiricf as is coii>i-tcnt with scii^c. I will take the liberty in tlii> report of callinn' this tract the " Pasipiia Itecbmiatioii .\na.' As I lia\e leiiiarkid in my reference to this tract, in I'.'IO it was at one lime undoubtedly llic bed of a shallow lake on the course of the Saskatchewan river .iu>t :i> Cedar. Cross, Winniiic},', ami other lakes farther down are now on the Sa-katdi- ewan and Nelson, and as Ciimlwrland lake ^ooii will be if the Saskatchewan is not diverted from the old eiit-otf cliaiiiicl of ISTl'. and later that of 1'.M»^ r I'.Ki'.i. which 1 have referred to. The bounds of the I'a-ipiia Ueclamatiou follow^ arc the bound- of this old lake. To trace these bounds was the foi jict of my expedition in I'.lll. This lake bad not sharp declivities for shore ,lie task of determiiiiiif; with the ordiiiaiy deuree of iirccisioii its limits is pnict.cally impossible.. On the south >iile this is notably so; on the north the ri-e from the eontlues of the jirescnt submerfied lands is much more inavked, but this is mainly (lui> to a freneral chaiifre of yeoloyieal character. It niif;lit 1 tliluk be correctly stated that the smith '■<■■ lilid of the wide sprciid F-aureiitian ana of the north is the north bound of these -ubiiici-Licd land- -o far a- it i- adjacent |o it. True, some dilTci'ences will le fniiiid, but this lilion 1 think v.ill bold jjemrally. A- 1 -fated ill my lUlil report, a per-oii ;ioiut; down the Sa-katchewaii river from aii.v point near the Forks sees bifili bank- ran;;iii,i; from twenty to fifty feet, anil behind these terraces risinj;' to the heifiiit of the yreaf iirairie :\iid woodce bniis which arc more than one liumlred feet above the level of the river. .\t the In..,, of the Si-pauok channel this condition -iiddenl.v chancres and the banks fall from one to six feet, and a marked characteristic of these low hanks is that on leaviiiK the ri •'• tliev fall awa.v into low swampy land which is covered with a thick ^rrowth of tirass 1 willows, with frequene clnnips of balsam, poplar, and cottonwood, and an occasion... area of hifiher fi-ronnd covered with upland timber, smooth barked poplar, spruce and bal-aiii.. This falling away of the bank- is a ver.v pronounced characteristic of the n j;ioii until Cedar lake i- reaeiicd. uiieii the onlinary coinlilioiis oiijain ajiain. The orifjiii of Ihi- nalurat ilyke or levee, aloiifj' the river is caused by a channel beinfj' cut by the tlowiiifj- waters l'.i.SQLI' lli:(hiU \II()\ I'ltOJECT 37 Irniii llic (irifrinal lake liijfliiT up. Ilir sljiillowcr wiitrrs IxirilcriiiK the .I.(|ht tlmvinir oiic liad little or iic ciirrfiit, ami so !ri>iitfht ili.wii l.y tl iirrmt wlii'ii it hapiieiicd to In- tlinmu out iiitu tlio cpiict water ;rass. The tim-r i>arts eonsistiujr oi' dissolved lime, elay and vejfetahl. matter were earrVd on nnd only deposited in ealni or comparatively calm water. It follows as a ironeral rule itint the soils immediately alon^r the river are coarser and i ■(■ sandy than those will dry u,.. kill, and leave the sur- face ready f-r firing. At twenty-six and a half miles a crock is crossed an miles what T think is the ,south-<>ast branch of The Pas river is crossed. The banks show two or throe feet ot muck, or peat. whi,-li i, nnderhii.l by good lookim; soil. Near the bank whore this soil IS exposed tho vogotnblo growth is g,.od, and in marked contrast to that a few rods away on tho jieaty surface. The surface .soon falls again, or changes, for it is ^" '''^■•'' H ♦'"'''' bran.h that only with an instrumeni, could one detect the inclines. and .-ontiMues h,w an.l swampy, in so plmcs boggy till we reach sixty-live .and m' halt nnlis fmm the junction when the ground gradually rises into n gr.ivelly ridge uhich_ continues to The Pus. eighty-nine an.l one-fourth miles from Hudson Ray Jinictmn. Tho timber on this ridge is small, but tliic; .npparentiv is the result ..f forest fires, keeping it limited in gMwth. The shrubbery imlicale-- -ood growiii"- qualities. Strawberries at tho date of my arrival, .fuly 11. were i.lcntifi.l nnd Os- good size and (pialit.v. Other small fruits flourish in season. If is alleged by old timers that the native Tnilians tell how i>n ooi' or two occj-ioiis excessively hi'ih water in the Saskatchewan llowcil over a low b.iggy piirt of the railway line about twenty-six miles .ait from Tho Pas and .across country int.. l.ak.' Winnipegosis. AH T coul.l l.-arn about this was that some ol.l natives had sai.l s.i. I .lid learn, li.iwever. f.)r a fact that the water has been so liigh that steam- boats have sailed in a dir."<'t line fr..ni The Pas to Cumb.-rhni.l House and also from Thi' Pas up the ('arr..t valhy t.. Shonl lake near tho foot of tlio Pasquin moun- tains. T have no d.pubt at all of the truth of thes.' statemints. When I r.-ached Tho Pas .Inly lltli. the wat.T in the Saskat.'h.'wan was rath<>r above or.linary l.'Vel. not oxtra.irdiuary at all. .vet it was rushing up tho Pas river at a rate much exceeding tho tl.nv .if that stn-am wIumi its waters How in tli.- natural .lir.'ction. This s.-enu':! very strange to mo until I went up The Pn> and s.iw th.- ext.-nslve imvhs of low lan.l bonl.ring that stream. Along the l.iwer rea.-hes there arc several lakes ..nd ns these hh:i:\in\n:\r or iiie imkhioh I..I.1 Ikvm (Inmi.Ml pn'tty v.;A\ l.v tht- uni.suall.v low wntiT of the p.vvious «-Hsoi, it took sonio time to till them uKiiin wlieii the Snskntchewun rose to it« ordiiinry lieight On the Pas river the same dyko-like hanks ar. to be found as have bec-n described on the Saskatchewan. These lakes are shallow, not more than four to six feet deep and the Imttom soil is, as might be anticipated, of a rich eliaraeter. The first lake is only about thre.' miles up by the meandering course of the river, and less than two overland, but nverh.nd .s an uncertain term in this viciuiti" and has one meaning in low water, and another in hiKh. A i-erson having seen the outward How from the Sas- kntehewan up Tl... l'a> ean easily beiiev that there were times when the Saskatchewan waters would t1..w across to Lake Winnipejrosis. f„r the course of the Pas river, ascend- ing is not far from the line of the ( anadian Northern railroad which follows the gravel ridge 1 have already referred to on the south side of the Saskatchewan In passing over this road glimpses westward can occasionally be caught tlirough the forest, and immediately bordering the ridge are the meadow, marshland, and hikes bordering the Pas river. About twen - miles out the ridge falls, awav and the bog I have already referred to would s. ^. to permit the flow of very high water over It. As the country is fairly open, and a long view can be had eastward, nothing in ^ight would indicate hindrance to this overflow once past the railway, l-'ifteen to twenty miles from Hudson Hay Junction, the timber to the westward of tlic track is thin and stunted, through and ..ver whi.-h .-an be . nativ.-s who are familiar with the country around. They had been pretty well over the "Hat .•ountry" as it is lo.'ally ealleiii-i).ed area, sliallow with nuul.ly bottom. In low water it is ditlicult to navigate ev.'ii in canoes by reason of its shallowiie> information to tlie fact that the natives in times of bigii water in the river make their way in cario..s from 'Poplar Point' to The Pas in a direct line by traversing a series of ponds and lakes, which dot tlu' country. Proni this route, except iit ..nc point the river is never in sight. This gives a good idea of what all tlio sMrfare in this low, flat ri^gion is like. Some of tlu> Indians told me that they bud often hunted in the winter as far south as the lM,rders of P,^l Deer lake which lies only three or four miles north of the Canadian Xortiierii railway and discharges tlinaidi a stream only eight or ten miles bmg into Lake AVinnipegosis. Tlii, d.'u stratos that the swamp belt extends as 1 have previously iiitimaterancli of t!ie Canadian Northern railway. Others told me they had been oustward iVom The Pas branch of the roa.l a short distance out from the .Iuii<-tion and found >waiiipiMess the prevailing <-onditiou. Following this inforinafion I have laigosis. This portage is *aid to be about the same leii>;tli as High Portage which is a little under four and a half mil.'s. It is al' too Inw and wet to he travelled over in summer time, except a short distance at the sontli end ii' foet i„ less than n sixth ot a mile wo„ld he verj- apparent. The pceuliarity of low. Hat hanks all ah.njf the south shore of Cedar luk,. and hid. banks on tho north sh..ro of Wi„ni,H.Kosis wouhl s.,„, ,o indi.n.te that then- alwavs was a ( hv.s.o,. hetween these two hodies of water, even when Cedar J.ake was a part ot tho larK„ lake whieh oeeupied th.- valh.y of th<. Saskat.-hewa,,. This sauie hiwh blink eont.nu.vs aronn.t to the Saskat.-hewan river ahont n.idwav U'twee,. Ce.lar and Cross lak.« where ,t apparently has an ahruj't en.liufr. X,, ,|o.,l,t it at one tin,,. ..on- ti.iu..d past this hut the river wore it away and low.Te.l its he.l to the p,vs..nt elevation irou.id the lowvr and ,.arrow part ..f C.Mlar lake th.- south s!,ore is nu-kv and ahrunt r,s„,K generally eiyht to twelve f,-et al.ove the wafr. hut so,neti,.,..s tw..utv or thirtv -Near the narrows this ahn.pt .haraeter falls aw..y fro,„ the lake to appear on the nver !)elow as I have stated ahove. The hea.h alon^ the north si.h. of C..dar lake, as far as I saw. ,s low. an,! whih. 1 cannot be ealled swan.py alou^ the shore. I gather fro.n infonuatio,. uired that ,s Its jreneral .'hara.-ter in the peninsula hetwe.-n the ,nain ImhIv of the lake an.l ,ts narrow arn, at the lower end. \ native who fre,,uen,s tho reffion' an.und the lower end ot the lake and has h,,.,. nu.eh north of it ..;ave ,ne notes of a river whieh ho sa,d flowed „.to the hay runniufr northward from the extre.n is. ,,„| „,• the n.r- rows rins stream he saM he often as.-en.hKl „„ hunting' expe-o,n •, low and generally swampy eha,-a..,er into sandy ridj^vs timi eP .i,h .Ia,-k Pine •mil so.ne poplar I h,s eharaeteristie eontinues as far north and east as ,nv inlonnant h'd travelled, wh.eh nu.st have hrou^.t hi,n to the vieinity of the north-eas, arnl!!f Moose About the land aroun.l Moose lak.. to the north an,l ea>,wa,-d M.-. Williau, MeKen.,e, when. 1 have previously n.entione.l. gave ,ne. I think, reliable iufo,.„,ation and rev,sed .^l,e n,ap 1 showed hi,.,, a eopy of the J»epa,„„en,al n.ap o,. a " ' of 1 'i m,h.s to the .neh. J,, a word Mr. M.dvenxie ..haraefri..,! the eountrv nor, la, d east ot the lake as „„.xo, „, ,.l,ar.,-te,-. n.any j^ravei and sand rhl^es. with sw „n , .Mterven,,,.^ tnnbo.vd w,th. .en, y stunted spruee and tan.araek. Th,. ridges .s a rue bear the Taek >,ne a,.d poplar of the eo.n.tr.v. II,. ,|,i„ks ,ha, th,. t .....s eould be eas.ly . ra„,e,l ,nto the lak... I,ut as to th..ir .h.vation ....lativ,. to th,. I ,t he eo.dd say no.h.ng. j:.. ,,„... ,ne sk,.t.-h,.s of lakes and >tr,.a,ns hith.-rro n, - a, ed wh.eh w.ll ap.H^ar .m my .... ., a.,.l so n,....l no farth.-r r..,er..,„.e her,.. U,. "' ' n.o .son.e «nfo..„,at,o,. ahont Lake W..ku-ko. This nan., is pronoun.-,.,! by th.. „ativ,.s w ,, he aeee,.t strongly on the first syllable whieh is so„n.|..,l as though writt,.,, " Wak e •' II.s information n-as that the nam., is the e„uivalen, in In.lian of " I>..pn..,.n,int'-' whieh plant abounds on th,. shores of the lak.-. so n.ueh. M,-. M.-K-.n^i.. said' th.,t Its .^o. Iwo,„c.s oppnssiye at tin,..,. ]!.. spoke of it a, b.ing nnieh larg.-r tha-i aiiv he Las seen elsewhere ,n tins region, an.l it is very ron,,,,,,,, all ov..r th,. hnv lali.ls alld 40 nf:i'AHT\n:\r ur rut: ixtkhioh i-uiitiiim-»> down tliu XvUuii river, tliuiiKli ]v^n c'oiiiiiinnl.v to UIiuIiUt UnpicU it' not fiirtlitT. ImUc Kckiisko in called by miiii.v white'* " Weed " iiike, no doiilit lieeiiuso of tlio inoaimltility of the niitives inet with liy them to give any other ineaiiiiiK of their native name in English. Mr. I.aiiib, who hart hcoii inentionoil, tiave me .1 ttood deal of information eoveriiiK tho !tnrrounKraphi<-Hlly. His sketeh of the eaHtern shore of the north arm of Cedar lake, loeally ealh'd "' t'K-ar lake" from the <'ienrne»^< of its water as compared with tiiat in the nniin ixHly, differs a good deal from th;it .shown on our maps. Hut as on the map furnislu-d me this shore is indicated l>y a dotted line, denoting' uncertainty, I presume Mr. I.amh's delineation is i\» reliaide as that filiown on any map extant. He had not heen much on the eastern and northcro parts of i[oo.se lake exi-ept on that arm extendint,' toward Cormorant lake, but with that part lyintr l>etwcen Ccilnr or "Clear" lake and Cormorant and Atikameir l:i!;c-- he wa.s i)retfy well ae(|uainted, having gone over it on hunting and trading exenrsions. He descrilies thi.s tract as nnirshy in general i-harai-ter with ridges -overed with spruce, jack pine and poplar traversing it in various ilirections. As to the iuitnr(> of the noil in the swampy ))arts, he was unable to say anything, his journeys being nnulo in tlie winter. The timber on tho ridges be eonsideree drained. In this event he would arrange to farm wher(> he is and take his marketable iiroduco to the Hudson Ray Raiiway by steamer to The Pas. ,\n alternative route would be via Afooso lake to Frog river and up it to the niilway. l>ut as there are several rapids on this small stream, this would involve team hauling for some niilos. Then too, lower- ing Cedar hike would alsf) lower Afoose lake to such an extent that it might not be i.avigabli> to Frog river. Tn any event it seiMiis to me tho Saskatchewan route would l>rove most economical and convenient. This <-oiiiprises jiil the i)roniiiient authentic evidence I got relating to the bound- ary of the submerged area. 1 heard a good di>al more but it was not so direct or ])o-i- tive as that T have quoted. I saw a good cK.nl myself in parts, and have deduced from all T sfiw and hearl a position for the limits of the submerged area which T have lu.irkrd by a dutrrd ii-d liiu- on tlu- mip of rhc aiva, on a scale of six (fi) miles to an I'lSQlH RF.ChAVATinS I'lHiJF.rT ^ inch, wKith I Wruwith Mil-init. Tlii« lint, will. I tliit.k. U- foiin.l nut very fur in aiiy pliice Irom the true Im-uti.-u when Kniil uml ."nipleto -iirve.vs im- nm.l.-. Outside the n-d line 1 have laid .li.wn a dott.Hl blue »\w. which aeconliiiif t.. ol.M.rvati..ii and infunnation lueludcs arean that while n..t a« a lule Mil.n..TBe.l, htv so «.inetime«, and will he Kreatly l>eneHtte.l l.y sueh drainajfe an will r.rlaini the lower lands. In eoneludinjf this sul.jeet. I will say 1 have <-aretully n.easure,l hv planimeter the area within the red line shown on my map. and find it as follows: Area in square inches '>\Tt-~i) Heneo in square miles 7.7(15. 2(> Townships •'!.'>. 7 •^''•■<''' ....'. V. '.". '.'. '.'. 4.iHi!»,728. The area between the r.d line and blue one is: S(|UHle iiiciies „,, , ir ., t)!M Hence in square miles a i^- h townships ,.„ , . o!M •V""'*: l,.W2,0tt4. Combined area in sqiinri- iiiciie^ '•'S4.S lleni-e in square miles ioj-.ok lownships 2S4.8 Acres • • • • - < IIAHA( TKB OK rilK soil. l\ TIIK IIHOWNKU ARKJt That I mi^dit have positive evi.lence in (his matter I Kathcred sampl,.s of .soil we! ■^"''^';;' ';\''""':';''''-^ '''"'r ''"■■"'»■' ♦''•■ I"-"»-"-ess of my exannnati.m. These were brought to ()ttawa an.l submitted to the Dominion Chemis' Mr. Frank 1. hhutt. AI.A. lor e.xammati is to their h'tness for farmin>r luirposes. It was ajtreed betw.>ei. u.s. that this examination would not !«■ of a InKb chenn.-al class, as to .■ou.stitueuts. and their n-lative amounts, but only of an approxi- nmte nature s<.lely with relation to their value for agricultural purposes, notes of which Mr. .Shntt wouhl urnish me with for each sampl... and also submit a short general report on the whol,. >eries. The notes are here ins<-rte,l follow,^l l,v the report. J will make such remarks on each sample from the viewpoint of lo,,,l knowl- edp. as T d««n advisable, and in many ca.ses su.-h remarks ar.. verv uc.-essarv. for tins reason: At not a fnw b.calitics the only place possible to obtain a specimen was dose to the river, the surfa.-e a few ro.ls ba<-k bcinj. ..ovcred with water, as 1 have nlreacLv shown and at oth.Ts while it was not water .overed it was pcatv to b..low the water level too far tor u. with an or.liiiar^- spa.le to briufr up „ f„ir sample, and so It eaine that so, t tl... specimens are mor,. sandy in .liaract.T than a more repre- sentative s,.ecimen. 1 am ,„„ti.lent, Won|,l b;,vo prov.^l. an.l in some ca.ses more I)eat y than the true soil un.hT the jicat surface woul.I have proved. When T have >foo,| reason to .|ualify Mr. Sliutt's remarks in this .M.uiic.-tion 1 will do s„ bv an .•xi.lanatory note, prcc'diufr bis remarks on each sampb'. One dominant feature pervade.1 the whole area. e.x,-ept at a few very limited phwes and that was a luxu- rious prowth of hay. weds, shrubs ami timber. At a few places where the character ol the soil was sandy an abiindant Rrowtli of a tall ^ra.ss tlouri.sh.Hl. There is no lo<-al name tor this product, and as the only name [ lieani for it. ' rush.'s '. was s,. inappro- priate and misle.ulinK, as it is not at all rush-like either in appi'arance or constitu- tion. I ventured after consultation with our veteran botanist. ,7oliii Macoun. to call It ' bamboo prass.' as it bears a stroiijr resemblaiK-.. to that tree. I may add the botanical name is " PliraKinites ('oinmunis.' It often attains a height of ten feet or more and tin- stock of such a s|«K.iine!i would at the jrromxl 1m. tienrly if not quite half an inch thick. It is very stiff and flinty in nature, breakimr almost' as .sharply as a rod of jrlass of the same thickness would. I do not know of any use to which it itKi'MUMf.sT uf Tin: lyrr.muR <.\ Hiid in it M)nn- I'liinntii! iiidiimtion. 1 nmy miy I luivo iievor wcii it on or n. uv oiir inoru iicitiiprii Mtri'aiUH. Hero follows ifr. Shiitt's iiott's on tin. f=|H-c-iim'iis of soil sul.uiitti-d to him. I limy I'.vpluin that th<- lettors and tiKurt-.s Laliy No. KMO and "iMiuriiM! nro f.ir lahor- ntory number WsAO, that h the re n« reeeiveil at the Uonimio,. {'heinical Laboratory. Ti t iollcvinK iiuinlN r U my own in the order of HUeeession of takiiiK. The d.seription of luid referenee to l.,enlity are my own noted, following whieh fire .Mr. ShuttV tinilinn... anil i-oiielu! ii.ehos; about 15 miles up t'urrot river; poplar and wiUow, jrood hay. Essentially u eluy, l)Ut eontaiiiinff a <'onsiderable proportion of silt and tine sand; frial)ie when dry; rich in ve-etablo matter wlii.h, li..wever, is somewhat p..aty nn.l not well deeom- posi'd. \ efr<.,„bl,> matter mi.xed rather than iii.orporat..d -.vitli the elav and sand. Mratitieation of sample furnishes evi(h u<-e of alluvial de|K.sition. IJeaetion, very slife'litly alkaline; available lime, good indications. Lahu Xo. imir.-^ No. 1 subsoil.' Vollowisi. grey day with little or no admix- ture ot vcKctable matter; dries into hard lumps. Lahy .\o. JO,SU.-' No. 2, depth IN" ; colbH-ted ll.fS.ll ; alH.ut 27 miles up Carrot riv,.r; poplar, willow and alder; much fine hay land.' flay loam similar in jreneral oJiaracter to No. 1 surface, but of softer and finer texture, i.robablv owini? to the large proportion of fine sand; fairly well supplied with organi.- matter. SlratiKed struc- ture; reaction, very slightly alkalin.-; available lime, indicated. Lahy Xo. /««-}.?.—• No. 2 subsoil.' Essentially clay and sand; friable. Laby Xo. mJ,',.—-yo. a, depth 24". Collected 12.«.11; about - irot river. Essentially a u>ixtur«' of jH.aty vegetable matter and fU,\ : apparently acuniulation of peat on a silty alluvial •ral>lc admixture of vcudable iiuittiT. but very little >and. Lahy Ao. tm'tli. — ' Xo. 7, (K'lith ti', about half throUKh Scpanok <-hann('1; colk^tid lit-s.ll; birch, willow, |Niplar, cprmi.' A ycllowish-brown li|,'ht, sandy loam; »and titn\ jfraincd; very friable; well nupplied with ortranic matter; would t'onsider it would niake a K"<'d arabh' Miil. Lahy Xo. U>8.'ti. — ' Xo. 7, .Subsoil two feet down.' I.itrht «:rey iine-){raiiieanok channel; 10 irielics; collected 21-8.11; poplar, willow, alder.' (irey loam, eonsistintf hirjfely of tine sand, but some c-lay and silt; rather iioor in vi'jfetable matter; would probably nmke a fair agricul- tural »oil. Kcactioii very faintly alkaline:, available lime, faint traces. Lahy No. 108.50.^' So. 8 Subsoil.' Fine sand with little silt; Laby Xo. 10860. — ' Xo. 9. About IJ milt* down Scpanok channel from .Saskatehe- waii river. Collected 23.8.11. Willow, poplar." (irey sand, tiiio trrained; very little clay or silt and very ]>oor in vetretabb' matter, jirobably tielahle nnitter; [ihysical e.mdition good; should make a good soil on tillage. Ueaetioti — slightly alkaline. Available lime — very heavy traces. Lahy Xo. lOSOi.- cally no clay or silt. No. 10. Subsoil.' (irey; rather course grained sand; praeti- Lahy Xo. lOSIi-i.—' So. 11. At jiini'tion of Saskatchewan with Sturgeon (Torch) river. Colhctcd 24.S.11; poplar, willow, al. About 7 miles up Torch river. Depth -'0". This sample was taken from the edge of a marsh meadow about where the shore line of the origiinil lake was. From here nj) the Torch river, the land rises, and a.s we are near the .southern limit of the Laurcntian area the iircvailing character of the soil is .sandy, that is as far as I saw it. and as far as information I gathered also proves. I have no doubt therefore, that tliis sample came from the vicin- ity of the beach of the Ancient lake where one woubl naturally e\peet to find >^:\ni\ if any were to be found in the vicinity. Brown or black fibrous peaty material with some root fibre; essentially crumbling when dry; a little tine sand. l.'l. Jtiirfiii'c wiil. Imt -N sii,' Vfirctnlile <* nr.PMtTiiKST OF run istkhiur UI>M .Vo. mfir..-' So. 12. Sul«.,il.' A «ii... ffniih.tl ^,h\ with v,.rv liltk. owmiit- m./,., / ommun,.^ .'. f, ,., h f,. l„>h.- A fi,... „rni I .m„.| with vrrv liftl.. ..|«v ,3 iii.A wn> bo e..,iM(l..rn.l r.M.r..«-nt..tiv.. .,f ,.v.n „ frnrti..,, ..f tlir wl,.,!.- ^iJ""vJ"- '""'[-' ^"- I-'- ^-'l-il. Very similar to \. with a httle more c-lay and pr.J.al.ly !,.«« v..K,.t:il.l.. i„ntt..r. fri"l, .. ,r, V f : V. '■' "•;'■•• "•^= •"•»- '""I «ill"«-' Hrown samly loam: trial I. |,|.nt.% ..f v.^r.tal.i,. nmtt.r fairl.v w.ll ,1, ,„,«.„,|. Tlio„Kh .li«th.,.t v li„ht shouM ,„ak.. a v..r,v fair ...ii. |{ , „,„,,i,,,„,, l,,,,,^,..,. Av .ull li .^ t ^-L fm"t of Xm ""■"■ "'"' '""■'■ '"' '■""''''"' lu.ra,.t,.ri.ti.. „f ti..- soil of :z^^:.^:r :;:.:;:: '^ ^ "•' •'-- ^^'« - ^"'-x «..„ \ .rf^-'i" ■^"" "T-.7''T"' ^'- ''""'•^''""■' """«.•: "ll"vinl Hat.. „raa,: matfr. .In.Hl inf.. ratlior hanl ma^.s,.,. AvailaLI,. li.n... tra.-.*, Uh Xo. m7i.~'y.,. 1.1 sui.Hoii.- ciiu iiiatt..r; .|ri- "' «••'•>■ '""1 -i": very 1,.,.,. and ,.orons and pn.ballv l^M.r Ml hnmns. Heaetion. alkaline; available lime, li^dit traees pr .i.am> with';;'t;J'7itr^iT' """■•.!' """ n '"•" ■' «""-'^-"-' ""'" ^"ll-w or «r..yish sand, ^itli a ^er.^ little .-lay or .silt; small proportion of vegetable matter. eolleeted'-io" if 'N,' ^"^ U ^""^ "t ««« ^atehewan S or miles below Biff Bend; roii.ete,! .W-Sl 1; willow, alder. iH.plar.' Note l,v Mr. ORilvie taken from bank of nntTrl '".';"■ ""'""■ '} ""■^' ''"'' ^^'"^"-' ^"- '"'«-♦>• Tlittrve^'b; prai-tii-ally no saml «.r ve)?etablo h>h» .V«. 7*W7«. -'X,, „>. «u|,«.ii; A l.......i.„.. ..|„,; «.fr,,.t..rv wli,.,, .try; uniiill |ir<>|Mirtii>ii nf nhikI uiiii «iiiiif littlo viiri-fHltl.' nmitiT. Aafc;/ .Vo. losso. ' No. i*... |)..,„h i:, i„..|,...; ,.„|l.,.,.,| ;„>.M : fr..,„ i,„„k „f s.,.. k..trl...«,.„ ,„ u,,|-r .ii.r ■,. to |{.,..|..r Ukv. «,,... !-;( ft.- .\ .,„„|v lo,,,,. «itl. little .-iH.v iin.l »ilt: lu.r uiiiouHt of »,ir.tiil.lr luutt.T. ..vi.Utl.v rr.i.iir.-, .IruiimK.- hhouM limki> II Jiiir «.il; r.-iiitioii— ulkaliiic. Avnihil.l,. linn. |„.„v.v trur,*. A.,/.« .\o. nmi~- So. -JO. SulMoii; ||..„v,v l.„...io,u ol,.,v; r..|r...t,.n whon .Irv; xiimll |Hri-: ,.o||..t..| I.-...I1,- ,(ir„« -j ft.-.i ,, i.iM, > 11... ...,..,.1.. «.„ tak..n froM. ju,. un-l.r tl... ^ra,, r.».., « ,..i„. „,„..|. „.,.iv m'.t- i 1 ;." I '"•.•"""";.' '"'•^ "" • '- ••'";■"•"•• K...nt.all.v v..^..,a ...att-r wiri.l. limr. iSlt." '"■ ■' "' '■'""• " '■ '■'"■' '"'*"'"• "'■'""""• """'""••= "*"'""'•''•• .... ''"'"' ^."■'"^"■'■-'■i"- -'■• ^*"'-'il.- CI".* with „ li.tl.. Hue H„.a: .Iri.-. into lmr.1 luu.• '""' ^i'» IT.-ln.Minat.. with a vrrv , .l.Table mnouMt o( a.rlv w..|| . ..,.o,„,,o«k1 v..«..tal,|.. „mtt..r; frial.l.-: .l.onll nmk.. a «. ll "oil HfH.fion. alknlnu': avuilnl.lc lime, iii.iv.v. Lahu Xo. /W.V.7.--XO. ■>■>. SnUoil." Cla.v. vvr.v nitnilar to ...l.^oil Xo. ,.|. /,«/.,/ .Vo. /*«,%■ --Xo. SI. X..ar Saskat..h..wan riv.-r „U,u, ,s n.i|... i,..|,„, riu. I a,, on north s,.l.. I)..,,th 4 f.^.f. ( ..M,..,.,! UMU 1 : willow. ,.o,.lar. ahlrr' F.„.nti,llv _^^^^^^A«/o, A-„. /.«.:.- -Xo. :.;i. S„|..oiI.- A fin.- .an.l with ,on... .il, an,| v..p.,al,h. la,. .oll,,-t..l l.UUI; ,,o,ar. w.llow. A stiff rja.v |o„ni. with a vrv fair proportion of^.Hn.1 an.l son... v...n.tal,h. n.at...r. ll..a..,ion. sli,.htl.v alkali,,..; availahl' li^no. v..; A«fc,« A». mv,V.'/.--.Xo. .'4. .S„|.,o,|.- A n.arlv Wa.v. in whit., hanl tnass,.- v..rv httlo sun.l: hirw pro,K,rti..n of ..arlmnat.- of Jin... pr..«.nt. ..U..,t..l l.,..Ml \t.ff,.tal,h. nioul.l ti, !„.t with n.in-h less ve){<'tablo n.atter. HKr.\RTUt:\T uy rut: isrr.Hiun Uhn .Vo. lim>,.- • So. 27. Ii.iiik of S!i.ki(t.h..wati. H4 miU* Mow Tho Va». r..ll.H.f«| ^K».U^, iil.lir. will.pw. tiiiir.'b irriiN.." V..||..wi.h hr-<\\u Imm. liulit iirul friiilili'; iKM'iitiiill.v Miiiil liiil with ~.m.' silt hiiiI rliiy : m fiiir iiinoiiiit ■■f vcK<'tul>k* tiiiittt'r Ki>iii'tii>i., ^liKllll.v tilkiiliiif, iiviiiliil>li> liimv trnctii, l.tthn .Vo. msu:,.~ • X... i<7 Snl.M>i|.' A (rn-yi-h yellow huikI with a Ijttlr silt iiiiii cliiy. I.'ihfi \„. imtrn.-' So. »H. liiink ..t Sii-kiilrhiwuu .il-mit .•..■, miji'i. I„.|„w Tin; I'm".' A Miff pliictif i-lny; (lri<'» into litml mii««.»; vir>- littl.. v.v.iiil.l,, nmttcr. |{«in'tii)it, >»li|{litly iilkiiliiii': iiviiiliililc liiii<', wry »li(tiit trm-m. Uhfi .y«. Itm:. 'y„. -m. B„„k ..f Su-kal.lMW.iii ii..,ir C.Hlnr liiki', iMllp.'t.i|iKlitly nlkiiliiic; iiviiiliil>li> liiiii', «liBht truces. J.ahii Xo. KhStlS.- ' N... LMt .Suli^oil.' .Similnr to mirf.ir,. Miil Xo. 21>, but with loss vi-Ki'tiililu niiittxr. I.nhii .Vo. KtSUU. ' Xo. :i(i. IliinK ..t Sii>kiitrhrwiiii : .Moos.. I.iiko l!riiii.-h; col- Ici-tfd u'O'.'-ll. LnrBi'ly Vfjfrtnlilo iiioiiM, hut witli sonic mmij, day nii'l wilt; frinl>)c: shoulil niiikc II Koo- little sand; ilricil into rather harti ninsses. /.<(/>.)/ .Vo. Iif.'dl. • No. .'il. From liinc-'tono ridtre on hunk of .Moo^i- lake: or Siiiiinicrlii'rrj- river near ("cilar hike; liireh. willow. |io|ihir, aldir; .-oiia. spriii'i .' .\ dark liiowii sandy loam witli a lar^o jicrcint.iye of Miiii-decoiniMised viyclahlc matter; tine and friiilile. Kcaeliou. sli);liliy alikaliiir; availahle lime, faint traces. I.ahii Xt. ;0.'»'*.'.- • Xo. ol. Siihsoil.' Sandy and \ii'y similar to surface soil Xo. ;il, hill V illi h -s ve(fetal>le itiattiT. I.iilin Xr. KiUii:. • Xo. '.'t-J. 1 roin Hudson Hay ( oiiiiiany's imst. Cedar lake; >liriii'i , willow. :ililir, lal-iilii.' A sandy loam willi -mall |iro|iortioii of day and -ilt; lairly wdl siipplied with ve(ielalile nioiihl and plenty of root lihrr. Iieiietinii. alka- line; iivaihiMe liiiii', heavy traces. /,-;'/ .Vo. IIIUO',. ■ No. .",:.'. Suh-oil.' Al.oiit one-half ro.-k frajfllients and pehhles, the ii iiiaiiiilcr a sandy loam well supplied with ornanie matter; Vrry rich in ear- hoiialc of lime. l.ali!, Xi,. I()!>().-,.—- S«. :y.;. From liiiii I'ortafjv hetwcen lake Winiiipogosis and ( edar. Iliy^h yravd l.ridRe: >u,iiiips on hotli sides.' A very coar-e uraiiicil. jo ,„ 1,\ ■ eincnted sand with a certain proportion of vcjrctaMe mould and a little silt; iiuiniili- readily when dry: would ho eonsidereil a poor soil. IJeai'tion. alkaline; availahle lime, vii\ faint tracos. /.<(/-// .Vo. tfKi(iii.--'Si,. ■.;:•,. Suhso;;.' Con-i-t.. hnKi iiicrustcd with earhonate of lime. ly of stones and peliblcs; r.a'.ii -Vo. J(i;i()7.—- S„. :U. From lli>.i, I'ortafje; Cellar lake end: ih^ptli. ti inches; collccttKl J-lo.ll: prass 1 loot to -J feet. A dark frrey sandy loam with a hirpe amount of peaty mutter, but little day or ,>ilt. Keaction. alkaline; availahle lime. Hood traces. I.ah,, Xo. imnfl.—' No. M. Snhsoil. A 1ij:lit >rrey day quite liard when drj". with jiehliles whiih etrervesio strongly with a< id; very rich in carhonnte of lime. /'.»■>.|i>. II; III' itli, I iii'Ii-m; Krii»> ' lifl' \ ..i„li' I :.i i H.«Hi..n. ,1k ..., „,„il„l.|,. li I, , i„ '"' - Ii"»l...„. ":..::„;";:;"„,;,t,f;.,i;t:' ■ ^* "■" •■'•■' - t:i;^;;;;;™;;:,?-S..^'^i; '::';;;■■" ;".r^ 'rr '-' " -■ ,. ■. , ."•;. "^ "'• """''' '" lUin.l rill i.r iNM.r hihI I.mi'Iiv >,,il P.,. .; . • --"•''- "- .,i,.,v . n.J;.^:^:i:2;;.^:.; ^ • -"• -" ^ -.■ ' '" ■ ^ •- ' ' - '^^-ti:. ;:";:;•;:::;.;;;:;;;? „.r';.:;:!:' - .m..v.^....s .tr„.,. >Mii(l: |,j|-t;.-l,.. ..nu.i< s„ii, j:..„,i,„, ,,i,,,,H,, ,,k„ii,„.: ',v„ii,.i,,,' ,;:;,!: ;;:;;;7;,i.:''"' ■"""^" "' " DEPARTMEJIT OF THE IXTERIOR Lahji No. 11032.— 'A. Subsoil' Light prey clay; effervesces strongly with acid, showing a considerable aniouut of carbonate of lime; very hajd when dry. Labu No. 11033.— 'Oni' niilo up Sakatchewan river from Pas; depth, 20 inches; hay, 2 feet; good grass.' A greyi,^li clay loam with fair amount of vegetable matter. Reaction, distinctly alkaline; available lime, traces. Lahy No. 11031,.— 'B. Subsoil.' A grey silty clay with very little sand; dries mto hard masses. Lah,, No. 11035.— 'C. One mile south-west of The Pas; depth 12 inches to U inches; swamp land; marsh grass; willecti-d 22.7.11.' Brown or black loam with con- siderable amount of fine sand; dries into very hard masstw; contains fragments of carbonate of lima Reaction, di.stinetly alkaline; available lime, traces. Laby No. 11036.— 'C. Subsoil.' A light grey clay coiitainiiig fragments of lime- stone rock; extremely hard when dry.' Lahy No. 11137.—' D. One and a half miles south from The Pas on U.R. Depth of soil, 10 inches; gravely ridge; bush land; poplar spruce, willow; grass in open siK.ts; good strawlM'rries.' Es.sentially vegetable mould and root fibre with some silt, clay and fine sand; fairly friable. Reaction, distinctly alkaline; available lime, slight traces; effervesces strongly with acid. Lahy No. 11038. — ' D Subsoil.' A light grey clay very hard and refractory when dry; effervesces strongly with acid. Lahy No. 1103!t.—' K. Frciin clay flat at The Pas; depth. 2 feet, :i feet; good grazing ground.' Yellowish-grey clay with a little fine sand; not rich in vegetable matter; verj- hard when drj-. Reaction, distinctly alkaline; available lime, very light traces. • • Lahy No. 11030. — 'K Subsoil.' (irepish-yellow clay; practi<-ally »io organic atter; very hard when dry. Laby No. 11031.— 'V. From island .'> miles south of The Pas; depth, 20 inches; good gras.s.' P^ssentially vegetable mould; fibrous and somewhat jK-aty with a little fine sand. Reiu-tioii, alkaline; available lime, good 'traces. Lahy No. 11033.^'F Subsoil.' Yellowish-grey clay; practically no organic matter; dries into very hard masses. Lahy No. Ilit,i,i. — '(1. AlMiiit 25 miles u\> the I'as river; depth, 14 inches; poplar and willow; grass good, ;{ feet 5 inches high." IJhu-k h)aniy inaty in character; large percentage of vegetable matter with sand and a little silt. Reaction, all-iline; available lime, very slight traces. Lahy No. 110.il,.— fQ. Sui>soil." Yellowish grey clay: rather stiff and plastic; a little fini' sand; j»ractically no organic nnitter. Lahy No. }10.%',.—'U. Near forks of the Pas river; loam. 2 clay; 2 loam again; good grass.' A ch-.y !(iani fine and friable; a favourablo proportion of vegetable matter. Lahy No. //aW.-'H. Subsoil." A reil•: -"••• I'-f ">oul,l; drios into hard 10 nn-r*^ {""' ^^"^''T','''- *'"','" ♦■'"■'^'^ "f n.-rth-w^t l.rmul, of The Pas; about 10 ...h-s above .„«„, forks; d,.ptl,. ir. in,-l>,.s; ^rass. 2 f„.t. !! in.-lu-s.' A .andv loan. of '.Mf'T U "'"1 ,"r- "■;■" '''"'''"'■;' "■'"' ^■'•'■'''*"'''" """•■' '••'"'<'>' ^'f *•"' <■»'«'"«»'>' henv trace" " '" " *""" "'"" "'"'"•♦'""• »"<''1''"<-: nvailnble linu'. very X"/,,/ .Vo i/a}0.- -K S..b«.ii; A r,.d.lish-Kroy ««nd with a little clav; effer- VOS.-..S strongly with and; p.od s. ly of ve^'etabio matter. ^y..!''\'i" \"' Vn^x'~,l^'\ ^''"'' ''""^ "*' J''""iuia n.oi.ntai].s about :.'.-. niil.« up north- «.>t braneh of Ibe Pas from main fork..; depth. 1.5 inehes; ^rass H—l feet, spru.-o Kssentially vegetable n.att.T. ,,..aty Hbrou. with a littl.. .an.l au.l silt. I{,.aetion," alkaline: available lime, fjood traees. W,, .V«.//0 }.'.-• 1. Subsoil.' l.:s..,„ially elay and silt will, a fair amount of vefr<'table mould. Lilian Xo //«.',.;.—• :m. i.>,„„ ,„..„. „.|„.r,, o,„i „„,,.i,li;,„ ,.r,„s,.s rarr,.t riv.r; .Irptli, is melies; poplar and spr |.:,M,„ially a ve-r.-tabb. mould, ratlur peatv will, a basis of elay and silt: sl„„.ld make a jfood loam with tillape. JJeaetidi. alka- line: available lim<', heavy traees. /."'.// Y«. ;7r*}',. --.M Subsoil. l-i„e sau.I with >on,e silt and elav an.l a fair aniouiit ot vegetable matter. (St'd.) lUAXK T. SIIITT. Ddii) ill lull f'li 11)1 Isl. ^^\:\T\l^'. l-;\i'i;i;iMi;\iM. I'mim, Ottawa, .Mareli 2, l!Mi'. Wii.i.iAM (Kai.viK, Ksi|.. |).|,.S.. ^laekeii/ie .\partnielifs, l'.\fi\n street. Ottawa. Out. !!/■: SOILS lUoM I.OWF.K SASKATCIIKWAN, MAX. Dkak Sm.—Kiielosed her<>witli I be;; to baud you my report on tlie .series of sod sampb.s .•.,ll,.et..d in tlie di>tii,l ,,f tb.. I.nw.r Sa~kal.liew„n river fTbe Pas) and submitted by you for examination. , •^'''"■;; "" '"-^1 ''"" "*' »'»• - Plo iiud the ean.fnl untiiiff of their y, n.ral ebar- aeter and struet.ire. the ex-nuiuation, in the lar^-er number of instans, eousistcl simply in an approximate determination of tb.. ehief physieal eomp-auMits felnv, san.l. ete.) an.l a pr..liniiiiary .pialitativ.. analy-is to- il,,. ,„.rpose ..f as,.ertaiMiuL' the Iires.'u.'e of available lime. ]--urth,-r aii.i more ..xt.Misive work. ..lumiieal an.l pbysi..al. wo„l,| „ot have b,.eu possi bl.. on tb.. larK..r nunib..r of th,. soils, owitifr to ii,Mitli.-i,.n..y of mat..rial, nor «oulIa.lo.> ..,1, -s. It is hop..!. howev.T. the iiif..rmatIon Jfiveu ,.s of the nature desired, and that it will be fouu.l sutReientlv expli.-it for vour 60 nEI'.lRTMEXT OF THE I\TER10R Tho serios includes niuiiy t.viM's iif st.iln, rniiKinir fnnii heavy, plustic c-liiy» to loose, oiH'ii sands, with some oxnniple™ thot nre cHsentinlly peaty in eliaricter. In n few samples" the perecntnge of carbonate of lime is snch &* to characterize the soil as calcareous. For the most part the sand is tine >frained, and but few (Travels were noticed. Many of the !.ami)le» sh..\v a well-marked stratified .structure and the evidence is strouH that the ?oil> < i this district, wi'.li the exception of tlie more pciity tramples, nre of alluvial origin. Considered us a series from an area that has Iuhmi subjected at times to inunda- tion. I am of the opinion that the result- of this investipation nniy be considered ns quite satisfactory. The larper number ol the ,(.mblat;e of thin layers in which the vepe- tnble matter, more or less fibrous, has not yet reached the most satisfactory- stane of decomposition. Till.ifre m .1 draimise would do much to improve their physical condition by briiif-=iis: about the further humificaticui of the orpanic matter and that nitimate association of the several soil constituents— clay, saiiil and humus— which results in a fertile loam, a loam that is at once easy to work, well a.Tateil. warm and retentive of moisture and manurial constituents. There are some jilastie clays that would be found extremely hard to work at the outset, but draiiiape, careful 'culture and liuiiiK would vastly improv.' them. They .should in the larper number of cases make stroiijr soils, suitable for frrass and wheat. Aprain, there are a few .sands so exceedmjrly lipht ami poor that their profitable cultivation is a matter of consiih'rable doulit. The majority of the samples, however, appear to possess favourable propor- tions of the chief physical components (clay. >aiid and humus), and these should torm loams of excellent quality, suitable for farm crops in general. In nearly every instance we obtained satisfactory evidence of the presence of available liine — a feature upon which I ]iliice considerable importaiic(^-aiid in no ease did we find any marked acidity or sourness. As already remarked a certain numl>cr of the samples are distinctly peaty; in a few ciscs .lay and sand are pra.-tically absent. The ajrricultural viilue of areas covered with a jH'aty deposit is always a ditticiilt matter to determine. Some peats are exceediiiRly ditti.-ult to reclaim, ofiiers lend theniselv..s more or less readiiv to methods of improvement. .Much will ilepend on the nature and d.>pth of the .bpoMt as well as on the possibility of efficient drainaire. When the oriranic matter is fairlv Well .lecom|H.sed. the drainasre ycod an.l the subsoil can be mixed, as l)y ploughing, witii the surface deposit, good w.ils can frcpiently be obtaine-. or the fire mnv destroy all the Vegetable matter and irrctrievalile damage cfTccted. I have the honour to be. sir. Your obedient .servant, (Sgd.) FRANK T. STirTT. Do m in io n Ch c m /«/. The gciiiTal report by Mr. Shutt would indicate that his tests of the samples would show on the whole a satisfactory class of soil for general farming. I regret that I did not provide myself with better afipliances for (irocurinp samples, and also larger oneu. 1 might also have done better by, at each station selecting surface and subsoil samples at three or four different spot- a few rods apart and ronihining them as one sample. This would have proved more representative, for it is not PASQLIA RFCI.iMlTlOX PROJECT SI its. iiiiirk(d ill till' vicinity of n tlowinK wtriiiiii it i« not (litticiilt to iiiiiiKiiic lociii iIiuiikcs i-stublisli.il li.v a fiistcr or .slower ciirrfiit. in lli,. tir«t casi- ourryiiiK 'iway the li^'lltor »M' to tiv(> tons per aero. Cattle and horst.s thrive well on this hay when eiit in right season and properly eiired. It is very prohahl.- that for several seasons aft.T the water was let off, the land would he too wet for protitaliie jrrain, or root-^.'rowin^r. It iI.m-s not follow, however, that tile hiiiil would he valueless for that time, for it^ hay <-r.ip would, I tliink. pay as well as any other, as fodder would he required on the extensive public and other works folinwiiijf the drainayv of the area, aiitl there is nowhere in nil the eoiintry wIutc it eouid lie so extensively ami eeoi ieally produeed as As :Mr. Siiutt in his report says, • ilie vey:efahle and mineral <-oiistituents sell ar." not surtieieiitly mixed to constitute the liiyhesi class of soil, hut this can, and \vill no doubt be brought about l.y aurie.dtural ina bits of surface dotted over this wide expanse of h.w land in wiii<-li ajrricultural opera- tions (•oiild be started almost at once aft.'r the lowerin-r of tlie water. This is notably the ca.-e on the Carrot river ami Sepanok cliaiinel. Tli.. soil in this vicinity IS considered by all who know it of the best, and .•ertaiidy the vc-rctation bears out tins estimation in the fullest seii.-c. I have scvii a >rood deal of our northwi.st and north, and at but few iilaccs have I seen in e(|ual richness .jtber in varietv or .|ualitv ot the Ih.ra trencrally. Of t/ees. \mh balsam, poplar ( . ottouw.H.d) and ordinarv poplar ot larKC si/.e ab,.iind. Spru.-e is plentiful in many plac.-s. and is neiieraliy :h to >rive tw lumber b.gs. The maple was .i.ways a i;..od siz.. Jor that tree, and at many plac.w if «as s„ plentiful alonjr the hank that it mifrlit be said it was in Iiere. of the mixing There are y:rov- .MiouKh to j..'.,w th.-m. Hjuspberri.'s w.re plentitui when the surfac- .-.aiditioiis wen- suitable. On the drv ridfr.-s foiin.l so ott.-ii ill the area, strawberries w.-r,- eoinnioii, often abundant, an.'l w.n- of ^ood size and flavour. The .s.-asr.n for them was in lltll, nearly a month later than tli.-v rip..|. 11, Ontari... but I ...111101 say that is tlu- rule. Th.-y ab.,un.l |,arti.-iilarlv on the jriavel ri.lKcs a.lja.-.'iit to The Pas. Th.y mifrht be foiiml as abiiii.laiitiv at other paces, but as the time f..r tlniu was over wlien 1 left The Pas tliey observe.1, to the sam.' ext.-nt. Over a very larp- part of the subiii." joint Kra.ss, '('alanianrostis Canadenses," abounds, and witli.>ut may b(^ .said it flourishes. I have swii it 11. )t W( re not TSfcil area, blue n.v i|UaIitii-atioii it than seven feet liitrli anil so tlii.k 'lan that It was difficult to make ones way throuRli it. It is never, I think, less tl two t,.et 111 length, an.l the averai;.', I would place between two and three fe.-t m-arer the latter th.m(th. It eonstitut.s the hny fmhler for the winter sustenance of all the cattle and horses in tlu- vi.-inity, an.l w.-ll serv.s the purp..s<.. Xo attempt had bwi, mad.' rcently, as far as 1 could lenrii, t.. (jrow (fraiii, but Dr. Kl.itz in his r.>port for 1SS4 speaks of wheat havinjr b.-eii siicessfully prown at Cumberland ITow. As fur as T could obsorv <*, or could learn, tlu' the development .if the n.irti IT temiMTiitwres Wen- Just iitabio for last Word I i.Tii cereals as those of the rest of the Territory, which U.SI. in the old s. use. I learned from reliable authority that tl le. yield .if S2 IUCPARTUKXT Ut' THK lyTEkWIt all kiiid* of funn i.r.,duof« along the i.iiddl,. mulu.s of tl.c Carrot river is jtood from which un.ay he i„f..rr..l that there a ro not ,na,,v norio... oH.natic TmpedSntr o conditions arc vi-rj- similar. At all the Hudson's Bav fonipnnv posts visited Cuniherland. The Pas. Cc^ar Lake. Mooso Luk=. and (Wnd I^id i arr«ardei in Indian res.ncs in close i.r..xiniity i.nd many of the nativ,^s till small patches of ITlt "flfff tr-'^"' ""n"*""-. •'r'''"-""'^- "" "'^'-•"It"'"! operati.1' are Ire or Jes., erucio, fdr their smallness in the ease of white jx-oplc pret-ludes the idea of modern c.,uipn,c..t. and poverty wolLI in the ,.„se of the n .tu- s nn^v Votwith- ,,' '"' ,• '"»"" l*^ •'•' ^- . whi.-ii were of « 1 ,i,„ „nd ex.vllent .,n..litv. Ti„. hu Vih". II, r "' \;''*";?"''- "'""'" '■•" '""■'"I't to Krow anything els,, than potatoes. iro„ I ' ^^' '""""■'■^•- /'/ "" I'"""'' 1"'<1 a *r..r.i..« patch in which were, letn V ;■ :■'"!""" f "'"" ^^■'•'"^'■^' ""i"'"'- l"'^'ts. parsnips, carrots, cal.ba^^c aud iettiR. , t hoe were at ever>- pla.-e of jto.mI size and flavour. As all these Karden riots ^r"K::^! •';,:? r'*^-;! "- '^"";'r ^^•'"'■" ''-' -" •■•■"""••" >■■ »•"■ '-- -^^" -.ut !ver m. / r*I *■ 1 "■■ '^'■"^■'•"y, '"• '■'"•'^y- *•"•>• ■•'"..."t strictly be considered an s cc^ 1 : 'l. / ' '•^•^'""'"^'"■•y «"I "f f'^ '■■^>' I'i.rts. If. liowever. these vcfrctablcs snc ul on «hat we ma.v correctly tern, the poorer Br.ulcs of soil in the area we mav soii* of "tl, '« ' r """•'', r'r-''"^^*""- ^"'>- •'"'» "•'" '"■ -r-«n on the richer alluvial neccslrv." ' ' "" ' '"'■" """"''• """'"' "" ''""'" I''"^" «» ^hat is All the clenrinp on those ridpcs outsi.Ie of th.. enltivatd pafhes Kr..w a -ood prowth o prass winch makes, if one is to jn.l.a- i,y the appearance of the ca tie fc« ^t^;',;' "t::Tn\ '"" ^t^ ''""'^- "■■"•■''' 'V --.h, ais* f.s ^^i pastui,,R,v Ihcj would. how.ver. he too soft for sheep, while the surface of llie ndse., and islamls seem i.Ical for the support of that animal. TIMBKR. 1910^'"t1.c!'!^'i'"^'''""! I ""'■ ""'^". >■'■"'■"' """•'' of "I'at I wrote in my report for 1910. The pr..donMnant treo is. as ,s the cas.. all over our north-west, the poplar in '1'; T ;■ «'"""."■""•! ;'^f """""' ^l,oundin.^ Xext in order of abul.Jan": i T , t ■■"' "• " -"'t' ''.'' '""'• "'" ""'•^- ^'""•<'" "f '"'"Ix-r i" the north-west. It IS no nearly as servuvahle for that purpose as our eastern pine, ..r wctern fir he runks ,n the jrreat majority of c.es carrying limbs lo such' an extent fha not . re tl an one or two lo^^s y.cl.ln.K fairly .-l.-ar lumber can be cut from them. It is not so nrnvrsally d.str.lmtcl as the p„p]ar. whi..], is found evrvwhere on all varie- ties and classes of soil. The spru. n ,1 ,hcr h.,„d is .eucrally found in -hfrnps .n.l frroves apparently without mucli r.frar.l to ,hc ..n-ilMy of the soli, except that it orttwhi:";'; I '"',"'" ;''''"''',"''"■' "'"''•^' "■''^'•'^- ^^■'"■'■'' "■•" '"-""-'>■ *•- i.ahita oul w T i""' ;"■ "'"' •"'."'' '"""• ^^"' ^"■•"•■" '^ too limby to mru-.- good ml, «oo,I II,, popi.r, howcv.T. for sn.li pulp as it yiei.U is fair for that purpose. loplar and >pruce constitute. I think. :„. per e. ut of the forest ,.rowth of tb. reiion. Itwtl' ^ ■'■'■' l«T"tnfore nien-uoned beariufr a small ratio to the ^vllole One feature of the forest prowti, whi,.]. I dwelt on in my ln>t vear's report as iMl^ain , i o^er til,, area w,. an- ,l..alinfr with. This trc,^ though found prctfv well all ov,.r tbo n.Kion. ,s not so abundant as to constitute even a sn'all asset, . parTtVon tic tli,;oret,..a on,. I submit. In our ca.,t,.rn forest, this tree i- f„und associated w our p.n..s. wbi,-h ...retoton. .■oi,-t,tut..,l a lar^^e ,M>rcentair.. of our forest wealth thonph now th,. pulp woo,l spru,-,. is .livi,linp with them that .listinction I'.lSQll.l RKVIAMMKIX PROJECT 53 llm,.m,-lu.s.m I w.^l. to ,ln,w lrn,„ tln« u.^.K-iution i. that ,f ll„..v tl.riv,. together luT... nn.l .... bnlsan. .s fuun.l ......rly ;., ..bun.h.ntly, ..,.,1 „uit„ .,h l.,r«o in the north- west us here, it is not the fanlt of the north-we.t that the pino 80 connnon m the ea.t i. not fonn.l there too. It i. , think, a reasonahl" ..riusion na..r.l'l .'■""'""■■•'■'"' '"""^ "^ »'"• ""^t if trie,! in the norti>-west would naturah^e n. .on.e ,mrts an.l prove an in.portant factor in the hn„i,er wealth of the eountry 1 wonM tor the pun-ose ot settling: the suital.ility of our venien"/', ! ""' W " T'"- "^ "^" -'"''"^'"'"'■'t "f - ^-^v tree nur.e..i..s at con- xen.ent p, unts ,n ti>e north-we.t. In n>.v report, of h.st yar I s„p^,..t Xorwny House on the >.,.I«,n river, and Fort .MeMurray on the lower Athabaskn. as two point, well suited or tins purpose, both as to loenlity an.l eliinate. In ad.lition to testing' the 8.1. ability .,t our ..wn tr.-..* th.-re an- for..i>t.i ......s that it s.H'.ns to ..... ....^^ht to do wel ...parts of o,.r ultra proirio wilds. One of those, the Norway fir, ' Picen J--a<.lsa. an.l the lareh. ' Lari.x Ki.ropa.' oupht to nnti ralizo w.>ll. Tli.se are both in.porta.it trees in a eoniiiiereial si'iis... an.l if they ea.i be .si...eessf..llv tr-nisphmted to onr ....rtb-west w,.,.I.| prov,. in......ns..ly valnabl... As tl...ir habitat in Knrope is .•l....at.eall.y si.n.h.r to the rfjfion proposed to tra.isfer the.n to. it s... ni. r.-.^onnlde to expeet tl...... to s..,...,v,l with ..s. W.. have a repr..s..ntativ,. of the lar.-h in Canada, li.e l.a..kn,ata- slowly a.id ....ver attain servieeable size. The difference betw...... the size .,f .n t.-ee pvowi.ipr i.. ground whieh thaws dnrinp tl... suu.n.or a.id one Krow..,p „, „ Jrozen swan.p wl...re l.-.-s than a foot below the surface of the moss, frost to proat .!..ptl.s is eternal, it iripht be said, is something which has to be snm to be r..alize,l. T l,„ve s....n on the banks of the Y..ko... on..n t,. the aetb... of the SMn^s rays, a.id ....nr the sii...mer wat.-r at a temperature of 00 drsrees or more Fahrenheit, trees upwards of tw.>lve inches i., dianu^ter. whose growth rings showed them to be oi.l.y .0 to 00 years oh], wb.le only a few ro.ls away in the frozen swamps wore trees ot the same species three or four inches in .liameter sbowiiifr one b....dred and fiftv or inoi-e growth rings. Drainag.. of th..se swamps wonl.l .,o donbt improve the co..ditions a..d promote the growth of a much larger tree in a n.iieh sborti.r time. 11 .fi'""" *'"" 'J''';'''"^ "f l>oal,.al.le as agricltnral la.,d. a.i.l it p obable that a arge percentage of these crnld be suecessf..lly utilised as forest reserves, which pla..ted w.th good serv.ceable l...nber trees, in aecor.la.u>e with the latest methods of Many of tho.se aivas are swampy an.l so at pres,.nt unfit for the growth of the tr.>^ n.ent.one,I, b.,t T feel ..onfid..,.t the .Irainage of a great .leal of it would prove One thing i? ver>' evi.lent-our ..orthern forests do not yield per acre neith.-r as good lumber nor as much of it as they ought. The main, in fact it'^i.ht b.?s i'l. the "Illy .ourc^e of lumber supply is our spruce, and it does not grow fls^.nivcrsallv in our forests as it m.ght. That it might be more abundant is evble.Tt. fo"it thHvi al" T)F.I'ARTilK\T OF THK ISTKRWR over our nurtbwent and north. I hav<« 1 have ever neeu, and all aloiiK the Yukon down to the Aretir Cirele it !» found in the volley bottoms and sheltered iilaeeo. an plentifully and of aUjiit the name nize »* in the re»ri(Hi« of the forettts btmndint; our prairies. There is no reason then why this tree should not nl>ound more than it does except that it does not reeover after forest tins as ipiiikly as tli.' pophir wiiieh in a few year* after a devastating fin ver the ffn.und almost as thiekly as they nan gn.w, while »pruee takes ground more spars^'ly and more slowly. If our tree nurseries aeeom- plished nothing else than a iih-ntifnl distribution of our sprii.i' over our northern forests they wotdd have justified their e«tnl>lislnnent. Wifli that tne alone, seleetion and eultivation might so inipmve it ns to produce' prai-tieally a new species. What is possible in this direction the lob.-urs of Hurlmnk and others show. So even though the transplanting of fon'igii lumber trees did not pn.ve succosfid. we might with our own s|)ecies accomplisii -o much as to anunint to a new creation in our forest trees. MINKIIVI, INOH ATlOXy,. There are but few nxk exposun's along tlie riv(.r. I saw none south of it till the vicinity of Cedar lake was n'a<-hed. wliin it crops cnit frciiucntly. On the north side of the river exposun-s an' nion' freipu'ut. All that I saw is the mngncsian limcstono peculiar to the geologicnl forniiition oT the n^uion, the ('aiiil)ni-.Silurian. In my report 1 refer to the pri>bnlilc ur-c of tlii- r^ck in making hydraulic cement in conjunction with the cliiys found near. It app.ais that the n.ck hohU too mu<-h nuignesia for good cement, but no doubt then' will lie tound at a not inconvenient distance a purer llmctone wlii.h mixed with tlic other will n^duec the irn-eutngc of magnesia to a Iiraeticnlly harmless ipunitity. 1 couM not learn of any amdysis of any -tola' north of Cats Head on Lake Win- nipeg, about half-way down it. having lu'cn made. Mr. .f. Walter Wells, of the iHnos Uraneb. in his pn^liniinary report on the • Limestones and Lime Industry of Mani- toba," 1!M>.".. deals pretty tlicu'oughly with the matters nam.'d. and ;;ives e ; page .">3 an analysis of eight s|ieeim<'n> fnmi Lake \Viimi|u'g. The averag.' pen-eniage of car- bonate of limi' for tia' lot i< T'iiiN; the percentage of earlnaiate of m.ignesium. 12-.'51' of insolulile matter, s r,l ; ,,f alumina aiid iron oxiih's, l-Td. Moi^t.'n" and sulphur trioxide amounts to less than one-half of oiic per ccTit. .\m :iMaly>is of a specimen from Kast Selkirk showed as follows:— Per Cent. J^inie carbonate si'.('il2 MagiU'siii earliniiate 1i;.!*l'2 F'eri<' oxide and ahimiMa [\.?Mi Silica dissolution i>.o:i-> Insohil)le mattiT O-Ol." TIhtc would appear to be „n cx"• m^uU „t th.. „,« lak.- lu f.vt. Almv., tl.i. nwift ..,„„.„t th.-re i, „ lakc-hk.. shallow ..x, s.. for a ...ilr ..r n.nro. in «l,i,.|. tl...r.. wo.,1,1 „„, bo more than M.X .....h..- of „ fnl A, the hra.l „f ,hi. «,• n^ai,. ontor ..urrent. ^^m-hZln v h a.l nf tin. up to ( ...Inr h.k,- th.- .-urr.-nt .* pretty ,tronff an.l wo„l,| imlicnto a fall of alKM,t t«o t.H. totn ln,« titt.-,.,, f....t fall hetw...... (V,lar an.l Ooh. lak..«. It wa" mv .nt.nt.on to ko to th.. ^i..ini..v la,t t-,11. I..V..1 l,..tw....„ tho,.. two l,..,li,.- of "an r and d..t..rnnH,. the exaet .hop. I.„t th.. h.n.lr e. I have ^-t f..rth i„ n.v iti m-TnTpr y.-n ...1 ,t ro,v..v..r. I have hn.l a «o.„l 1 ..f .-xp .rie„ee ..n riv.r- an notTlUtW .... ^"hi -jz; a tn.:;:t:!; -,;:,;:,:'riif^-£ :,2:" '- '- - ^"" -^ -« Cro^i'lake^i'- S' '" i-Tr''"""' '".'""' ''"" ""' '"'•"""•" '""••^^"'•" ^''■'''"- '"'- ""'« ,. .r.. ;., . . .. ^V'! '■.'""""''"' '"•^' ""'I' '" ^'-•••'••■'Pnn.v thi. n.port I ha.l I Hon Me th.. plan ol |)r. M,.,/. ..,n...v p|„„..,l .,„ „ ,...,|.. „f ,„„.. „if ...j,,.',,, ,„ ;, ' he etor ..NHlently .|..r.v,.,l h>, ,1,-t -..s 1.,- ,,|.|i„j, ,,i, ,ravers.. e..nr..... whieh ar,; ot always ,n th.. .hr,...,,., of .1... axis .,f ,1,.. str,.an, he.l. The plot aUo , . wV ,1. , the .l,.,an..,. he,w....n th.. h,k..s in a Mraid.t line i .,i.h.rahlv less . ,| ,/ -I th. si,„r.. „t tl... Iak..s ,s nnuh.. I h..n. too. th.- s„rv,.y .,f th,. rivr l,v Kl ,t. j, 'v "" ^M'Proxnnat,. .,n, 1 s.ane .litfVr.n.-,. nmv he tuun.l th..p.. ;, w,.„h ef ,..KK, .., i,.„H, ,, ,n ,;.,,, ,,.,. s..,;t.n::...:;':. ' ..r f. r';::; two-thinls Would iivera-.. three an, ,1 halt ., I- tui.r- I will .i .1 I i ',\^'> tlM^ .in. a n...n depth f.,r th.. whole wi.lt.!::; K .^V ^ItT •;. 4 "^If ' 'tI:' 111 '■ I '";7"'"' '^ "■■\,''-' '","'• -' ^ ■' -I'P.h of ,0 f.,.., „t Cr-ss lak.: w,. V ' -ot frou. the surta..,. ot ,1,.. water at ,],e h,.a.l of ,1... rapid to h.M.n lev ■ ;: ak... h„t as w.. h.v,. J.^i f....t of waf.r a, th.. h,.a,l of th.- n 1 th,. ..s ,,.,., he r..u,ove,l tlu.re wouhl h.. only l,;..:,: „ss,„,nnK this tao..rs o , ,i ,.' ,' „ ^ ' we hav.. a n... pfj, of ll.-).-. f....t for a .listan.-.. of ahoot 1 .Inn f, , T I „ t , ■ " w, h 1..H., ..et of wi.l,h .ives in roun.l nun.h..rs 4,......,; , •,,i,. ^^, " " l! •„,^ tj: wdl no .louht prov.. loos.. ro..k a, ,h.. lowr en.l of the rapi.l. an.i on n. ( • , I ' whn.h ,.an he han,ll...l with a .In.he. \Vl,„t proportion fhi I 11 ',' ^ '■''^' ' the wli.il.. ..f ;. ; (• 1 InopoitioM this h;os(. stuff Wouh hear to th, wh .1.. .,f It IS. ot ..ours... uutil eNaniiiiMtiou. inipossihh. to sav hut \ th,„ • ; ho saf,.ly assu,„...l at not less than :.». r r„MMN. .,,1,1.. .,; l, ' ■> .. ' "•""■ away aft..r nMuoval will h,- sn.all. t,,- ther.. U ..hun ,. f l' fi-rrynifr ..nth en.l of Cross Ink.. Just at laual. K Hn^tie k : /' nvX '' ^ T""' " "'" Pers.a. or inten.st. As. ,„. ,h,,t the .^n.O,;/ •' r,l of 1 .L , ';;, """"^" '" i'"'' ■>:> eents per yar.l. an.l th.. IS.y.niM, var.K of r, ,-1 f. r * •- '"■ ro„,ov..,| at rff;;- 7' -■;■'-, j. '';„!';;;;• i^' •^;:;:, S;::i -^ "■','" '""";•"•" "';: ' "'• ''■•"" <1-- -Ml ('..dar lak.. and a d. th ;. | f,;" lolow h.. water snrta.-,. a. th.- h..a.l of Deuii Chanr,. rapi.ls. w.. would 1 av. i 00 .' .hpth h,.|ow the wat..r surfa.-e at ('...hn. lake. The m.'u, r.f th t / • " V .- ^.-7 f,...t. „ver this ar..a T do not think the ,,..p;h ^^ w;:t: "w 'a ^r 't "X::: <■ te,.t. l..av.n,. a mean .h-pth .,f travel .n.l ro..k of 14.sr f....t to he r."",v, .h fir „ l>HI'AKTMf:\T Hf TIIF. l\TKRlOll (li.tuiiPo of iilMiiit 20.t«H> f,.,.t. Thii. giv.-« iig with l.fMhl fwt width 15,i>71.481 cubic yards. If it in nil trrtivfl it <-aii lit* rum'd with a »<"»! Ixickt-t dredite of miy not low tluin 5,000 cubic .viirds iht day nf twciity-foiir hour-, and carrifj away to the dumping irniunti, wliii-li i^ just hh convcniiMit in Cj-dar hike, as af the lower end in Cros* lake at a I'lmt not i'xc $1,507,148, making with the Lstimatcil coHt of the rrwk work ii- l)iini t'luiDri'. a total of $2,(m2,14K. This i» more than tlio cHtimato I xubmitttMl for cnMHldc-ratioti soon after rvturiiinK from the tield, but that olu> was bawd on a dischan:i' <-banufl only S(H) fc-t wide and h feet dcop, or fl4 |ii'r ci'iit of the capacity of this one. In the prcllniiinir>' one, however, one-third of tbi' removal above Demi CharKi' rapid;* wa- c-ti muted at rock prices. As to the (|uestioii of a channel to meet all requirements of discharge, mor* knowliil«o of the average volume will have to be iWMpiired liefore that question <'Bn !« tlecided. -My determination of tiie discliarRO at (irand ICiipiils, wbi.b for all practical pur|x)»es nuiy be eonsi(lert>d the sanu! as at Demi CharKe, in .lidy, lltlO, was :i.'>,,')-J4 cubic feet [kt second. As I have shown in my re|)ort .or that year, this was unusu- ally low for that time of the year, in fact it was considered by tlio old-timers at the rapids, fall level, and not a ttreat deal mori' than low spring level. While I was at The Pas last August, .Mr. Cross, for the Departuant of Public Works, made an appro.\inuite na'asurement of the discliar e of the Saskatchewan at that point, and found it alioiit .".(M»!»i» cubic feet imt secouil. There would not be much difference betw.-en the discharge there and that at (irand Kapids. This is 41 per cent more than I found it a year before, and while this is probably in excess of the averaffo for that time of the year, if must In- borne in inln,mK) cubic feet or more, and if provision is not made for this there would be some tloodiuR of low parts in the lands reclaimed. It may prove that a channel couhl be iiK.rc easily cut tbroujih the strip of land between the two lakes than (K-epciiiiij,' the riviT bed. Tile distnncc l)y the river bed, as has been stated, is about (J miles, and it may l«> found that, a channel cut in the shortest possible distance bctwiK'ii the lakes would not be more than three. I am positive it woidd not h«' niucli, if any. over four. As 1 have intimated, thi.s is a matter of survey of the lake shores aiul i 1 not involve more than ten or twelve days' work. It seems to nie that a pla<-<» could be found for such a .•haunel that would avoid rock cuttiup . ton.'ther. It must be Ix.rn.' in mind that in the river bed a jrrent deal of jrravel lii«s already been riMiioved. an on the riv.-r the ilcpths of the water referred to some standard mark on shore would have to 1m' made af each drill h(de. This com- pleted, it will be <'asy to map the work and show pretty closely how much prnvel has be reniove v.locities of surface current read for comparison with those I had in 1!)10 from which could be deduced the discharge, by <.)mparison with my lOlO measurements. The drill for use on thc^e tests would have to be self propelling, or traction as it 1? ternic-d, t<. worii on the land, as there arc no liorscs in the vicinity to draw it. For the river work it would have to be mounted on a suitable scow, the lumber for which I'AsQLii in:t:h.\y{iiu\ I'hujkit fSf rj... 1,,. l„H.^I,t ,...„,r.v ii. .„.■!. „ t ot tj... w„,v ,.l.„v. frovi-io.. in n„„le «Ka.,..t rvory l,r..nk..K.. or i,l..,.t likrl.v to o.T,.r .....I.t or.ii..„r,v worki,.« ..litio.,». 11... w...Kl,f .,( tl... ..m.-l.>,„. i.. wit It t.M.U .,t IJ..HM. ,„,„., .1,. |„.t .Tat..! for ^l.in- n...... [t ., „l,o„t I'MMH.. Tl... tool, .,,,.1 ,,i,,i„« „.„..l,l „., alHM.t :M««i .......hU „,..r.. lim |>.|iii.K i.f«i.>>nr.v woiil.l not cxcii..! T."i f...i. drilU^ ""'" "' ^ """ '" "'''''""" '" " '''"'■ "'" "'"• '•.-liHr...! to |.„...il.. o.... of tl,...e I.. ....V r..port of |.,.,t .v....r I r..f..r to tl... ..xist.....-,. of fo,.r ^l.onl, i,. tl... j ..f tl... .S>.,k,.t..|.,.w.,.. nv..r l,..tw....„ Tl... I'... ,„.,| (...Inr |.,k... wl,i,.| «|„ l,„v,. ,,. r...lK,..| .. It to ,H.r,...t tl... ..oLutry hIm.v.. Tl... 1'... to ^-'t tl... f„|| |H..|...Ht ..f tl..- low..ri..K ot ( ...l..r l.,k... At tl.Mt tl...,. I ,|i.| ,.ot k..oW ....ytl.il.K |..r>o,.„l|v of tl... Moo,,. I„k,. or S,.„.i„..rlH.rry l,nm.-l, .,f tl... riv..r. I...,t fall I .■„,.,.. ,„. tl.i. .•I.a.,....l .....I .li.| „o, ol.«.TVt. o„ ,t ai.y |.l,.<... that woi.l.l ....t lik.lv 1,,. ,..o„r...l oi.t l,v tl... lo>v..ri..tr „f ,1,,. waf.r 11, ( ,.,lar lak... This wo„|.| 1... „ |.„.^..r ro..t.. tl.a.. l.y tl... So.iih.r., or ('...lar Ink,. .•Imn,...| l.v „ t..w ...il...H if tl... M..,,,.. h.k.. .•I.....,...| w.r,. follow...l. I„.t tl ,,1-ofT k...,«.. .,H • ir.....l nv..,-' woi.l.l s., r,..l.i,... tl.i. that tl...r.. wo..h| 1... v.rv littl.. .litT,.r....,.o I., tl... l..,.Ktl. ot tl... .. .au....|s. A, ill,istrati..tf tl... ,.ro.li,.i, i„ tl... ,...li,„...,tarv .l,.,,o.it8 ot th.s ur..,. r was tol.1 that inor.- than f..rty years a^^o tl... S..n.n...rl...rrv rivvr l.roko aw.iy from thi; ontrmal .•ha..i.,.l that tlowcl past Choinihawin into (vllar lake and took a n.or.. .Iir....t rout... and has si,.,... s..oi.r...l a I;.-.! 40 f,...t ,1...,, i,. ,,1,,,..., j,,,, how low,.r.i.^ ('...lar lak.- ir. f.n.t ,.r n.or.. wouhl atT-n-t tl... Snskat,.|,. w..n riv..r ..l.ovo It, an.l I...W far pan o..ly h.. inf..rr...l at pr..s....t. That tl... rat.- of fall !.. tl... riv..r l-.-tw...... tl... h..a.l ..t S..p. k <.I...i.n..l an.l C.^lar lake is small is st.lf-,.vidL...t from the rat., ot tl... .•i.rr...it. I di.l not have an ..pporti.i.ity to I. v.'l anv part of i. with tl.o cx..,.,,tiou .,t a short .list.,,.,.,. al.o,.t l'4 mil..s h,.|ow Tl... l',.s. .....1 f.,„„.l tho fall to I,.. nhont >.., f....t p,.r mil... This is small, an.l ,,r..hal.ly tl... .,v..r.,K.. is n.,.r,.. l.,.t the .•urr,.nt. with tl x..<.ptioii of a very f.-w pla,...s. is glnok At Tl..> I'as it is rath.-r strong tor a sl...rt .list.....-.., I,„t ,.v..., th..r.. it ..a....ot 1... .-all...! rapi.l. I., n.v r..p.,rt wl ", 4 • .'"■'"' * "■ 'jr"""" "♦' '''•'>'"• >''l^". """1 fr'»" th,. iMst av..ilal>l,. ,|ata 1 ti..d ,',. -t t?' 7-- "^ '" ■'' '"'""' "" ""' '•'•■^•'fi"" "-i)-' 1 l."l<- Wi...,ip,.^^ o.. „.,r maps-. 10 t....t S.n.... wr.t.npr that r.port 1 l.av.. I..ar.,...l that th,. ,.|,.vatio„ of Lake \y'T7' ";\;'"f"""":'' ''•^- 1"---!^- '•■^<'"'"'.' """" <"•• ti... i)..pa.-t.......t .,f i>..i,ii,. ^^orks tro... St..pl...,. Mn.....sota. I .S.A.. wl,..r.. th.. |-.,it..,l Stal-s Co.^t .....1 (i l.-tic- .^urv..y ha.l hx...l w.tl. a..,.,.ra.-y tl... ..h.vatio.,, to \Vi„..ip..sf |,..,...|, ,.„ ,1,.,, |.,u... was at 11 n.n. S..,,t..,nl,..r V>. 'Ml. Tl.V.NI f....t Tl... ...n. ,..ark of ,1... i,o..,..| ,,,„,.. on s.a.th Bido of tl.o o,v..rnn.o..t wl.art at tl... pla.-,.. l.ow..v,.r. was Tli'-U!. or -'.iM* f...., l.,w..r lako. Wh-M tl... ..h.vat.on ot tl... ..„..„. h..i;rl.t ..( tl... wat,,- .....v l„. is ,„„ ,,at..,l ,.,„| It is prohaM.. It .s not .v..t ..stal,li,li..,|. ir.>w..y..r. tl„. ..h.vation 71.V(,.; l,..i„j, „1<,„ „l.o„l tl„. ,.,i,l,|l,. of S, pt...,.!,.... wh,„ U...1..,. .,i..l...Mry .-oM.lit.ons th.. wat.r wonhl 1... -o.....wl,nt l,..i„u- M,...,....r I..V..1. .....v I,.. a.s..,n.., as ai.pr..x.n.at..ly pn-tty ,.|os.. to „...a.. I..v..|. Taki.,« it as „...|,. I inf..,- fron. 1... I..V..1S aii.l .,l,s..rvatio,,s T ...a.l.. I,..tw.v.. ]nk,.s Win a,„l C,.,!,,.-. ,l,.t th.. ..|..va- tioi. of th," latti.r IS si'T f.'i.f. The oh.vatio.. of Th.. I'as estal.lish..,! i,y i..v..ls tak..., U th,- IVpartn,...,, of I'nhli.. \\orks aloi.^r tl... Saskat.h.wan riv.r tVon. I'Mino.,! ,„ .low., is s^;,- ,-..,,, ,„, ,■ ^ h.w,.v..r. to a ,.ori.....tio., „f snvornl f..,.t. wl.i,l. ,„„y i..,,k,. it ov..r s.-,0. For' pnrpos.-' ol ..ompar.s,,.. w.. w.ll tak.. tl... lii-st tiK„r.., a.,,1 w.. ri.,.1 a fall of .,l.o„t -'o f..,.t i„ n..-.rlv ." m.l..s ot str..:.,... or al.,„t o:! f..,.t p,.r ...il... wl.i.-h „..,.„r.|s with what 1 foun.l it in my v.'ry l.miti.l t..st. Tl... fall iM.tw,.,.,, tl... l,..a,l of S,.pai.ok .-ha....,.! an.l TI... Pas f,.on, tl... sa..... ai.tho... • .... I.vt fall p,.r m.h.. vory littl,^ n.or.. thaM that shown lutw,.,^,. Th,. J'as a.,.1 Ccl-.r ht:i'iHr»n\T or int: isruunut I I { ■' ,""',"" "*''■ """ l'"" "'■ ••"■ f'*'"-' r-r l«t«...n rli.- n.tutT. f.Mir iiiiliii Iwlo* II,.. h.',i,| ..( S,.|mii.,k .liiiniirl I tl, uri. of Tn.riim rivr, l.iil h„vii,u ((ol» U|. « i.rrol r.v.T. ..i,.| lr..m it tl.r.m«li S,..„„M.k .liminrl t.. ll». Sn»k»fl...WMM. I ■•„,, text. .V Hint tl... r,.rr..|it i. „,» ,lr.,nw in tl.,. S,..k.,t..|...w.„,. U,t i„ tl.o <'„rr..t it i- imt "'""''' ".';"^' """.I l'.'r....|.»il.l.. for r.. tl..... I.:,ir tl... .|i„ ,., ,| i„„„„.|, ,„„| „„. rvM « h.l.. -I..,vv,..u .. ..,.^...1 .1,,... „„t .1., ,. i„ .....v ....,rk..| ,\,iztvv. At .,„ ,,„i„t «„. ni.y ililtiriilty Im.i.il m iimldlin^ infiiin.t it. h. S..,..„.„k ..I.,.,...,.!. |„r :.l„.,.i :.'.. ,„il.. , „, ,1,.. ,,,„|,„|,|, ;„ .,,• j,, |..„^,,|, ,,. . ","■"": "'' " ""'," '" '"" """'I r,. tl.,.,, ,,..r..-,.til,l,.. .\,..,r tl.,. ,il. i, w..> .It. r...,t..I> ,1,.,.,, ,„„| .|.„ll„w « .tl. ..„rr... ,.H„«ly ,|.,w „.,.! |„-t .•„rr....t. I, ,t ,.t ..„ "'' "■';• " """•'■ "'"" "' • '»" ""!'- l-r l'..Mr. Tl... „,.,„.r ..iul.t „r t,,. ,..il,.« ..u.r,.ff...| .tr..„tf..r ..,.rr....t wi,| „,v ,l.„||..w,. .„„... ,.( ,|,..„. ,„„witi,.|..„.li„« tl... H ..„,ly r.... .„ ,1.,. w:,f,.,. |„r ..v,.p., y,. „„, ,„.„.. ,),..,. ,1,...,, .,,.M.ul. I„r ... t?. «..t "."",1"''V ^ "' '"»''' »•"'■•• '"•«- .'".V ' tl.r.,..uh fr 1... S„.k,.t,l,..w..,. at „ . It «■„. .„,|„.r...,t tl„.t. if tl...r.. vv.t.. ....i.-I, ,|i-..|,„r^.. ll.r„„«|, tl.i. ..K„,.„..| if w..„l.l .„..,,. ..,,1 ,„.t ,. ,.,.,,.1, „„.r.. ..xt,.,.Mv.. 1,..,|. t,.r it- .,v..n.... wi.ltl. U .,„|v , 7., f-lMMM..! "' """"'" "' '■ "'""'■' "■"'"•■ •"'"'■' ' '"■'■'"' '""' """' "•^'"■'' " '•"""' If tl... .H-ti,,,. „f tj... liv..,- i,: tl.,. ,„.>(. i.. ...nkii.ir .„.«. „„.i ,1,.,.,, ,.1„„..„.|, f,„. i,<..|f ■..h... ... I,..,„..|. ,., ,|„. .ir. „,...,! „r..,. I,.. ,.„y ..rit.Ti,... ,„ .i,„|«.. .,f tl„. f,.t....... w.. t....y u.tl. ..,.„.,.|..„..,. „,.„„„. ,|,„ i„ „„. ,.,„„, .„. |..^^.„^i„^^ „,,, ,^.^.^, _ ,. ^,_ ,^^^ 1^1^^ ^|_^ rn..r w.l ... .. vry ,|,.„., , ,„|,„„ j,, |,„| „„li,.i,,„|, ,„ ,|r„i„ „|| ,|,, .,,„..,, ,„„^.,„ ;; i" ';;■;:'""'"■■• •>' ''■;"'■' "■'•••■ -'i :-^ "— i- "^-i. i. win „.k.. , ,i,„., . f II... ..,v..r I.,., .- f,r,,v..|ly. Mouvv..,.. I,,.,-,. ,|,., ,|.,,„|, „„, , ,,„„ ,„„i.,i,.,„ ,„ „ .Inn,,,,;.,. ,.|„„i^.|i „l',.v,. it f.... tl.,. p,,..,..,.,. -,,iivllt. A- t., .liki,,;. ,„. l..v..|lin« tl.,. i,:,„k. i„ ,„.,.v,.,., „v,.,.||,„v. ,„ wa. .1..,,.. „„ tl„. l.,w..r .Mi»,..,|,|... ,1 ,. .^ ..,...,.--;„y „. ,11. i, will |ik..|y 1„. „, ,„ .,,,1,. „ iVw ,,l„....s „„.| r„r sl.„rt ,I.-,M„...«. ||.„. |,„„,.v,.,.. i- .„,., ,|„„ ,„„ „„u I,.. |„„i,i,,.K, |,.,„.,„^, ,,,.„.^ 7""'"-r I'.'' I":" ^H.,.„..|, ,-|„., I ,|,„ H.,.,. 1,.,| i.,,s ,.,.,„.h..,l i,, ii,„| ,,.,„| ,„„,,,, „„. ;J;.";«;;';;|^.," "' """ 'i'- "'■.M-ti,.,. win i,;.v,. ii„i.. p,.,..,i..„i i,..,,i„„ .„ h.,. ...m.u It !,;,> I,;., ,.n,.,| ,m,liH-t ll„. |,|.,„-ti,.;.l,i|i|y ,,f tl.i> .•,.,.|,l-,lilli,,|| „.|„.||„. tl.ilt ,1 t,.rtu,.„. ,.,v,., ,„,„u tl,|..„„.|, M„ .,ll„vi„l >„iry ,.,„ t witl.,M>t y,...,.t ,Iitli,.„lfv 1„. stn,,d,...„..,l, ,,.,. . „. t,.„,l,.,„y „f ,|„. ,.iv,.r i- t,. |„...„.,.v,. i„ ,„..n,„l..n..ir,. „„.l r,.t„i,. ".' "": "■^'■y ""• " ■^'■'- I'v ■■'■^i> null, „f ,.l.„......l. Tl.,. ,•;.-,. „f tl,.. .\|i..i,.i,,,,i rm... I,„. „...„ ,|„„„.,| i„ |„„,,. „, ,|,i, ,.„„,.,„i„„, „„l tl„. ,„.;;„„„.„, ,„|vn., I ti,„t .tr„... .„ „w,.,. .1..,. ,.,v,.,. I,.,l l,y -„.,;id,.,.„i„u it i„ .1,,. low.... r,.,„.l„.- of i|. ,.rooU...l , ' '"';" '"■:" ";;;;^/"i'"^. .'- it win i„ .pi,.. „f .n ..tfo,.t, ,•„. it...if ., .....;„„i,.,.i„^. '■'"'"";■' ^'r'"'; '"- 'r> •"' •'■ t" • ii.'.i .■xt..i,t. i,„t ti„.t ti„. «„i„ i„ >i,o,.„.„i„« .>x,...,.,ls ,!,,„ ,„ i,.„.tl„.„i:,^ i. ,,.,„. ,..,.„„ l„.yo, „,,,i„„. |„ „„ „rti,.|,. o„ ,|„. .M,.,,„,„l„ ,,v,.r ,„ tl„. II. I, |.:,|i,i,,„ ,,f t|„. I.;,„.v,.|„p,.,|i„ I!,i,M>,„i,.„. If.K.-l'MI •■'■''■'■'"'■" ': '":"l'' t" tl"; l"n„n.i f ■,.,„-otrs' l,y whi,.i, tl... ,.iv,.r mU .,.-r„ss tl.." iii.rrow „,.,.|< ,,t „ |,.,„|, thus f..n.,i„- „ now aii.l shorft-r ,.h.,..i„.l. Tl,.- ,.,,.1- of rl„. oM <.l.,..,.„.l ..o.i.i.l tl„. 1„.,„| ,„.,. s lill..,l „p ...„1 ,. ,.r,..,.,.„t l,.k... • wl.i.-l, „r „:,rk,..l •« ;"""" " •'"■ '""I';-: i; '■"""'■-I- N'.'tliin^' i.. s„i.l of ,1,,. fo,.,„„tio,. of „..w ..1,„„„..|. to l-o,... ,.„st,t|. to., this loss ot l,.i,L'th. h, th,. l,ll,Iio:;ni-l!y ,,f this ....(i,.!,. ;,„„,,,,r tl,,. ;Hith..fit;,-v ,|„„fr i ;. • M.n'k Tw.i,. ' "'"' ■"', ;''"tin.,. to i>,t|.o, hi,,, I,,.,.,. His f:„M,. n.st, on his 1 .,,,,„ro„s works h„t h(. ...i.il.i Iv M.ri.,ii . ,111,1 ,is h,. WMs „ pilot ,„. th,. i-iv-.r tor s,.v,.r,.l v,..ir-. h,. h „l ,.Ni.,.ri- /M.HV' / 1 ///.'/. 1 1; Mi't\ i'i!>t.n:i I w ;;""'; ""; "''' ",-|"'f '.''-''"■* i-- i-i'^". in i.. ..m •ri,,..., „.. ,i,.. Mi..i..i,„,i' 111^2." "" "'" ""'""" "' '" " """"'•■'•'"'' •■''••"""•I- "• l<'-l t ri«n,.,l Im ll... ,,.«■ ..(• t|„. I».,„„Ih. riur in KMr.,,,... |„„ „|l,i«i.,l ll.,.- i ,,r.|,.,v,| i,. .,„„-.. .; m.«n,^. I, l„. .,.,. r..„,.|.n,...l „„.l Mnuul,,,,,.. I. .i...r.....i... i, TA mil, - ' .'r ". I...MH„.. |l„. „.,.n,«.. tall ,,T M.,1.. f.,r tlM. H,„„.r ,„.rti.,n ..f tl.i, .li.,n i. ... tlH c, II ,„.„„, I II ,„ ,..„. „„, , ,. ,^ ,„ , ^^_^, ,..,.^ . ^^ H...I l.-v-l l.rn,.- ,1 ,, ,,. ,.1 , Hv„ i„..|„., ,,.., .,, s„.l, ,, l.,„. ^,|„„„. , ""' ... M..-I. n .■..ni.nr.fK.ly n„rr, w ..!,, | „i,|, ,, |i„l,. , „,„ ,, , ,., ,...;i ... b.. unrjjl.v. ,„,:|,| „... «M,lr „, .M,..vi..., I,.. I.,«vn. I I ,„„ ;„..,.„,:.. I,./,^ ..-..., n.|h„« ., u,„.l. ,i,.„ li,i,..|. I,. ,1 , „... I „l„. , ,,, „„. , I . ....- ... Iln„«,-,rv. vvlM.r.. ,1... nv..r„... .li-.-hnru.. i, -:.-,f!.; ..„l,i,. ,V.., p..^ ......„.,| „i I, -.. ..II tl,.. ..|f.,rH f. .,„,,r.,v.. ..,„„ii.i,.,.- h.v. ,„ I,.. ;i,„.,| ,„ ,1,.. ,.i^,r .l,:u„„.!- „„ ^rvv "■■""■": '•'•'" '•";' ': """'•• '" "■'■ ^-i-"'"-.. - nn' , 'v, ,: r V r-., th.. n..->v„.u I,,,. ,„. I,.- I .w.n.j -„lli,. ,|v, | ,|,i„k, ,„ ,l,:,w „ir :l,.. wat,..- ,'"' "'"' '-;!"":""; •■• ""• '-iv-r U .•ri,i..,,l n„i,„. ,„;,|i.h „ll ,I„ ...~.'.v „, r....|„„„ ,1,. |,„hU ,„.tli„..,| „„ „,v „. Tl,.. nv.n.,.. wl.h , „,' ,|„ . „ I ' '.'-.Ntl.. .....I It.-- -Mr.. ,„.vi,n,„„ l,„r.ll.v .v,.,. ..x,.,.,.,|iM.. „n,.-l,„l|- , f tl,.. .1.. S.,-k„t.-lH.«„M .« iM.i.h Mtall.v .litlVn.M, fr tl, ,t „l .1,,. \l i-.i..i,.,.i .,• i.„„,|„. ;:; "';■ ^'v '"",'■'"■* " '- ' '"'"'• "" "•'•'- "■ 'i'- — "' -• ii'''' 'n- J." i . ". . tl... I„w l.„„U ,l„w„ ,„ (■,.!,„• I,,l,. In- ,, l„i,.|.v -:,.ai.l„ .,., I ,1., „.„ „,., 1 .u. .-tal,l,,l,..,l ,„.u ,.l,a,„„.U. 1,:., i„ ,..,. |,i.,„,i,,,| ,,„,i,„| i, ,,,. „.|,,,„„ ,,„..';,; ,." ""-'•■"I" 'I-'" •■■ t! .„„,a,..,liv,.|.v -„,all .:i-..|, „..,.,. ,,„,| ,;,„ ,l„. 1„.,| ,.,■ """''' ;'"■.•;■'..;':-;- ..» .-i ■) ii.r,.„.i, , i„,,, „,■ ,i,„ ,„,„,,,, „,„,.,., „,. ,„: , , . .■l.i......l ill th.. Mull I m.l- t„ ,li-ti-ii, It ■ l!,..,,,. Iv, , ,,v.r tl„ l,,u I ,,,1 I '-■ ""■ - '- '-.. t..i.i. i.ut ,.„h- a- far a, u,. i:;,:,w ,»: i' : t, i:: '' "'■""''- 1.. .1... vi..i„it.v „)• C.Mlar laU,. rl,,.,-,. a,-,- „„„„■,.„„- , !,aa,„l- r,,,.,,,!,,.. .)„. ,.-,,.,1 ', ""-"'■''- '-^'■" I'l;';- i;.v .1., .i,.|...Mt I- .,.,iiM„.,„ i„ ,i„. -i„.|,„, ,,,,,,.,„ i„ ,i„. I.l^.. wa,,.,, Nat,„.allv ,l„. -,.■! .„t I,,.,-,. „• a,!,| I,. ,i,„„. | li.,,„.,, „„. |,„ V ,, IMH. .1 ,t l,avn,« l„...„ ,!,.„ ,.„.,! ,,■, ,1,„ ,„„„,, ,,,„.|„... .,,,1 „. ;„,„ ^ ,' ' .•liM„u,. ,.. ....a..!,,.! t!,>-,..i.i:h ,l,i- |„a. „|, 1,, al.M,.r.„al fi-.. i„ tl„. wat.r, 1„„\„ |.„.'.i', w.. ..a., I..,,-,. .„, ..|.a>,ii,. I.a, tal<,.,. |,Ia,.,. at tl,,- ..„lra„.-.. tu tl,.- lak.. an.l ,,„lv a -li..i.. """ " ^'^'"■' '''^' •'■ '''"•^■" ''• '" -1" ^.l-'t .... -l.-.l.t l.v - t,.M„.,rarvVili-..''„., t>r.i:\HTVt:\r #»/ tut: iMtiHtua I)riijrrt'"<-., ,>r li.v mi (•xli'ii>«ivc miil co-tiv iirmi -^ i,i urniiiiu. 1 1 tile wiirk i» iiiiiliTtnki'ii it iiiiKlit Im' *. li t.i Inwr tl ImmI of tin- rivir from • Mn«i|"i(" point' (loMii tl Ill rliiniricl in ont. r to iml • ti m-clrriitnl curr. nt to ticoiir out tile old Ih'iI mill ri'^iiiiH' it» orivriiiHl i. nrw. It llll- lu-oll olij.itrll flint till' (i.ipilUlli; of tllf llhlllll.l il, I hi- Wll.V illlillllltl'll WollKl n.iTtoi-f Willi till- iiiiviu'iiliilitx of tin- rivrr. Iml it iipiNnrs t tliiit tlir work i-oiilil Ix' I nil' |o l,,.||,.!it til,. iiiiviKiiliililv l.y w.iti-liiiiit llir l|.|iil(.|i<',v of tlii' I'lirniit iit iliviit- iiiK P lit' ill til.' <-liiii I. iiiiil luliiiiijf ill,. -n-,,i,-, 1- piirt to itinr nil tin- wiitir in on.. .iLiiiirl. Tlii^ woiilil iippiv iiMrtiiMil.irl.v l.. u| iiiii.'lit he trniii'.j ll.o .Irltn hIh.v,. Crihir liikr. Tlii- luworinM: woiiM no .loiiln ■,,\,-r n liiryi- imrl of llio liottoni of < Vil,ir inul Moo.i- liiki-. Ill tl.,. f,,r V it w,,uli| pr..liiilily wtll,. tin- IhiiiUt iiiHMlioii. V'nrioiis cstiiiiiil,.* of th,' I'Xti'iit mill viiliii t tlii, -iil.^titiin. linvc l.nn iiiii,ii.. A- it i- .iltosirtliir nnilcr wnti'r nt prr-nit. nil tlint i- r..iiii(l l.^inn ^'ntl,iTi..l ..ii tin- lirni.ti nflir n r-troiii.- liorlli ..r Mortlinist wiml. thi, ilrniim^.r !>ro|io>iti..n nirrii.il into ,.|f,.<.t woiil.l iiiii-ovir n hum. portion ,,f tin. niulM.r 1m.iI. if ii,,i ^.H. Tin. Imlimi- ri.:inir to ttir U.a. ii nft.r -tonii. untlii.r nil tiny .-iii. mid -oil it nt il,, IlinUoii liny p.i-t f,,r nl t 1 nt- in-i- -tonii. pound lliid-oii liny I ii- I iiiil \\\ iiioiTlnin (.1 ,iii-tify nii.\ V\ liil, I un- nl Till I'n- In-t -iiin.in-i- I iinl iw.. r.' in-riil;,! i> .- i,f nil A iiirricmi pnini mid vnnii-1. iiinLiii:; linn who h id ;roiii. down I,, i.i-| t tin- di po-it uitli n viow to M'lniriim nii iiitiTi-i in it on liolmlf of llirir tiriii. Oiio wn- n l.ii-ini— iiimi from fli nipmi.\. ll;i. ol|i,.r nii iiiiilor oxi ort. Tln.y lon-idind llio miioiint of miilior too proliliiiintiinl. mid diliviiy n miy di'tinito i|iimitity I. invi-lnii.iit nt pn-iiit. Till, wnlor- of Mo I..- Inko nn- di-olinr^'od iiilo Cod ir Inlo- i.y two rlimitiols. Tlii. priiK-ipnl oiii. ;- known n- .\|oo,|. j.nkr i-nik. it is iil;oiit four mid n liiilf mill's lonp :;!id di-i-lim-;.-;-- !!-,lo Siiiui:-. !■!.;. rry y''---". I'.irili-r tiitir- ..f !:ij:!i W;tt;-r in !::!• ri-.i-r mid ..rdinnry Irvil in tlio Ink,, llio rivrr di-i-linryi's into tli,. Inki.. mid win n tin. Siininii'r- l.orry or Sn-kiitrhowuii i- iiudiiini or low lli,' lako diMdinriri- into ili,. riv,T. The I'.tfi^t I i uf.i i.wi \iii>\ I'mumi •1 ulhcr I'liiiiiiii'l of iliM'tiiirui' i> known IikmHv h- Sliiruioii rivi-r. il li'ii«>< Mi> im' litki>. iiUiul a ttiilc cict 111 III)' lii'iiil "t Mi.li.. I.iikr rnik. aii I tluw- -milliwi -tvMiril till it iiliiiiial liriiik" iiitii Mii'i-f l,iiki' irnk. iiU.iil tw.i iit'il a li.ill inilc. tr"iii llif l.iki'. Tf«' Iwii «tri'iiiii. iin I.v mil' liiimlnil miil lil'l.v >iiri|« sMwtX lurr, tlii'ii llir Sliintfuii fiirit* MiMllii'ii'luiinl iiitii llif iii'rtl.frn |nirt «\ Ti'ilur liikt- inlliil t'liMr liikf. Tin !>■ i« i^iti til Ih.' II rni'iil iinr ii liiiii'-l'Hir Iniuc in Sturti'ini river, iiinl in very low hhIit tliin- i» Kuiil til III' II -lialii rii| KlVr MiiiiM' lilkl' III! till' lillll'Hl iif till' liiWirillu I.I 4'|.||iir lnkr -.illlr Wnrk (l.lllil ll:IV«' ti> I'l ijiini' lurr. Wlirn I ii'l'l Mi..i.i' Inki', Ortoliir ;.H>. tliirr wii. lint innrli ciirriiit in .Mi.L.i' I.iiki' iTi'i'k, mill I I'l.iilil 111. I iilwrvi- nnv iit nil in Stiiritfnn rivrr wlirrr I siiw il. -11 till' ili%i'liiii>;i. inlo .Mtiiwi' liiUi' niii.l 1h' -mull. .\< if i- ri>t>iirti':| xitiillim i( i« |>riilHili!i' ill it liivvirinit it iilxnit l.'i I'ltt w.nilil ilr.v ii liiriui' juirt i.f it- iiri'ii. This umilil IHTinit llu> ifniiniiitf iiiln it i>f ntlur '•niitllrr liikr> iiruiinil it. >iiMf: >l l,l.»>TliiV> IIKi.MMllM. I '»(; "►■ 1 WIIMI UHI;ll XMl IMIi -tl'WiiK 1 IIWSKI.. I • III till' I'Vi'iil iif till' riTliiniiitiiiii 111 tlii- iiriii it will Ir I'nimil lluil lii. l.iiU "f ('nrr.it river iiml Si'|.:iiiiik eliiiliii' I i-iiii nl lilllf i-. »l !n' mnvirti'il iht.. «'aniil- tor tlio •■"iiivi'.viii iif iipiiliii'i' riiKiil iiliiiiu tlii'ii '.iiir-i' In 'rill' I'll". Till' >iiil iil.ing tliK ('limit iil.i.vi. till' ..« liiiKJ. i- 111' i(,i' tiiii.'.i ,, iiilitv. mill wli.ii till' ilniUnii Ita.v rmito i» .III iii'i'i'iiijili-lii'il I'lii't Till' I'll- wii U' till' iiiiirkit li.r it- iirniliiii . It miirlit iirnvp tliiit ili'i'l'. iiiiiLf till- lii'Mil 111 Siliiih..k I'liiiiiiii'l til iilli.w il uiuiil ili-i'liiiri;. ..f WiitiT tliriiii^h it I'r.iiii till' Sni.kiifi'lii'«itii w.iiilil i|.. III! tlmt i> iiii'i'—iir.s in tin »a,v i.f ili'j.p- wiiiin the I iiiiniii'l niittii'ii'iitly for liiKli-ilMiiitflit «li'iinii'ri«, Iwitli in the eliiiiiHil anil in thf Ciirriil lieliiw il ; Imt tltin U n |ir..l.li'iii tliai iml.v a -nrvey ran iletiiiili l\ -eltle On till" <'arriit iiImivi' the .*<.'|iaiiiik, ii- I infer I 'in a iini* fiirni^lieil ine i.f the hcnf of the river. I.iik« will Inivi- t" he iinill. .\ii . ii-ive jiini i» n ji.irteil ..n the Carrnt uImivi' Sliniil lake. Tlii- ha» heeii iieeiininlatinv .ir an .inkinmn leriml, until imw it \* ^iiiil 111 he iiearlv a fun ill nf a iiiih' in leiiBth .mil ill |.lae.-- |,", ti. J<( feet ihi'). ahovo the nriliiiarv river level, it i- likely that the water Ini- \v..rn a |iiii«*a|ie iiiiilerneiith the jam anil ha- left i? lii).;lier than it wim at Hrnt. Tli. Iini >i iiBrnt ami nthi r- in the vicinity think it iiin-t ih'-'riiiile that it nIhuiIiI In- ri'inuviil, .,- it niiieh iiierea-e.< the eii-l nf freit-liliii(r siipplie- Ir.'in Tin I'a- In pnint- nii the rinr almve it. There is III! ureal .'injiiieeriiiir ilirtieniiv ill the la-k ami il neeil nnt take a half iln/eii men nmre than a -.a-mi tn iln -n. 'I'l li.tfs an liU'riiteii will !«• '-arrieil ilnwn -Iream ami int.. the Sa^kal^ lii'Wan. -i> tm li .iihle in.i xiieiirte tieeil he i|i|iri liiiiileil in the matter nl' .li-im-iii;.- the rifiiM'. In the sami iiieetiiin The I'a- river miulif he maili -erviee- • Irh' f..r f..r<\ .r tifty milei*, hut it i. h.. .In-e tn the line of liu- ('.N.U. i( will ii..t 1h> I'liili il -,. iitly a-^ the Carf' t. MKTr.nl!nr.iH:V. ■ Kee. -.^ I.f .lie n'el.H'i, .-ai'li s immary nf whi, thre. ' tiine". :.'iii!. mean reiiiliiijr fnr tin' niniilh al fnr tlie mnnth. :!;'i.l."i ileirrii-. ■ I' niiiiimnni temiiiraliiri'. anil the reiiilini:- nf 1 .• tliiriiH. meter at .lav. Wer.' kept fr..|n the l-t i.f .\iii;ii-t till the J.".|h of Oil. .Imt, ii I .nlil lieie. lliuhesi li'!ii| .rafiire in .\iiirii.t. ""> ih-jm • -. ni-iiirreil ..'til ami IMlii; lnue*l rea-liii;; al ni.e p.ii... .".J ileirni-. n the I'lltli niie I'. III., (i'.i ". ilesrree-. The I. .west iiiiiiimiim reiidim;- •M th.- :.'.-i||i. ;ii ill,' Ciiiiilierhinil lake vieinity. The iiiinmiiim wiw l.i-low 4t' ilesrree- iiilv three lies in the in-. nth. the •J-.'iiil :.','itli anil :-'i'.th. The hitrhi-t niinimiini. lil .'. ile-rees. tli. Htli, uii t'arrnt riv.i- I may say the tf-niperatiires wer.' hijrlier while nn this stroaii^ and Sepanok el an- ivla r. I'Ise nil the wnrk. The mean minimum fnr the mniilli was 47 rinilinjr nf the harniiieter fnr the mmilh. L'!t.:i7 iiiehis. the ' nienn. •_'!i-20 iiiehes. The reeni'il fnr Septemher -iinws th.' hitthest temper it the 1st. the lowest. -Jl-O ilefrnes. nn tlie i'Tth; mean :■ .i.,iiit; « hEi'MirMKsr OF rut: ixthuiok p.m.. :,Hs (li.(fm's. Tlic l..w.«t iiiininiiiiii ti'iiiii.nitiiri' lor the iii.piitli. :.'o.ii (Jcyicis on til." L'7tli. lit ('li<.|iiiliii«iii. thr ii.xt Icwrst. -.'.-..(I .l<.>frf.'-*. r>ii il,,. dth, „t Tli • IV the l.iHrhf^t iiiiinmimi. r.2(> dr^n-vs, roxiiiiat..|.v, ,in(l afti-rwards found it nliout <-orrr.-t. II,,. |„trl„.sf rrn.liiijr lor tli.' month was -JU.i;:, whvs on th,. I'lird at Clu.mi- liauiii. th.' low.-st I'H.To in.-h.s n,.ar Th.. I'as. Tli.' m.aii for th,. mmitji, i!..|)} i„,.l„., l-or the first twi.nt.v-tive day.s of OctolK>r the hiwcst niininnim wan 1!» ", .h'tTH.'s o,', the J5tli. Tills was tl... only tim.. if was l„l„w •.' ^^h.'s. Xi,,,. tlna-s It was l,..'low .110 n th,' Ititli was (m.J (h'>fre<'s, hut tlu' eiiaiinel is imrrow. an.l shaded hy tiniU'r from the sun, an.l the wutt-r almost stajfiiant. Th.' tcniperatur." of CmnlMrlan.l lak.' nii.l T.'arinn river on the .'fotli was ,'.7.,'r near Tl..' I'as. .".:!..-. .I.'wirees; t.'mp,.ratur.. of Cclar lake wat.'r O.^toU-r 4. 4.".(> (h.^rc's; of Saskati'h..waii riv.r water on the .">tli. 4<«.0 (h'jrrees. T(>mp,ratiire of Mo..se lake wat.-r O.'toiier IS was 44-0 dennt's, of Saskat.-hewnn river on th,' 'Otli «■(> .le^rr,',.s. ,.n the 21st, 41.S de)rr.'.'s: in th.' morning of th. :'.-.th 14 mill's 1^.1,,^ The Pas after a heavy l.K'al snowfall, :12 ."> .U-ftn-.'s, at noon at Tiie I'as, :!4() ,l,'m',','.i ■ XTiTi i>K A\n i.oN.ari iiK. • 1 have i.ii my itinerary r.l'err...l to th.' d.'t.'rmiiiation of the latitude and hai;;!- tude of several phiei's. F.ir eonv.'iii.' f r.'f.'r('ii<'(' 1 h.'r.' note th.-m. The I'as:— My point lier.^ was the N.K. aii>rle of lot NO. s. in liloek Xo. 11 .,f th.' snrvey iiia.le hy J. K. .MelA'an, D.L..'^., deduee.l from the suhdivision made in that vieiiiily last summer this iNiiiit is appro.ximat.ly in latitiuh' :,:;" VX 14" .\. an.l lon"itu>>' 1."." \V. : latitii.h' from sun and star meridian altitudes, .i:!" ;j:l' .".«". Ciimhorlan.l lloiis.'.— r.oiinitu.l.. r.'ferr.',! to The Pas. l(>-.'° l.V 24" W. ; latitude from sun an.l star meri.l. .\s I ha.l no ,sntti..i,.nt wav of jiroti-et- lUK thes.' Iiiii..ke<.pers from th." iii.-r.'as,'.! ransr.'s of t.miperature in .S,'i,t,inl„.r ami 0.'t,.l).'r an.l I eould not jr.'t any ol.s.'rvations at C.'.lar laki' post until niv r.'tiiru tliere in O.'tolK'r. 1 .li,l not trust th.- wat.'1'..'s for that loujritud.' hiit work, d it out hy the latitu.l.'s and .l,.partiires from th.' courses of Klotz's tr.ivi'rs,' survey. True, the dis- tauc's hy nii.Tom.'ter nK'asurem.'ut ar.' not ahsolut.' hut the r.'sult is more lik.'ly to N' I'orrect than on.' d.'.liie.'il from th. wafi'hes. ,n^/ oJ'"' }'t^^ r">>-l.i>titu.l,. .-.:•.' in' .Tl". from star m.'ridian altifmh.. lonfrltudo. /Mxyt/i in:n..\M.\nn\ i-kojevt 63 I lie iMiitNtii.l,. „l .M,M,„. Liikr iM.st wii. .I...I1 1 frciin wat.-h .lifffreiice* „C time bftwc.i, tli.T.- mid ('..(liir Ink... Tlir int.rvnl l„.tw,H-n tlif ..l.s..rv.iti..ii at tlw |.lnco« Wiis only tl.nv .lii.vs. .hiriiitf wlii.li tli.- l.ii.|i,Tiitiiri' was \m\\y st.Mi.lv. s., tli.' r.-iilt may !..■ .nnsi.lci-cil satista.-tniy. in any .-as,, it js tli.' ..iily .aic possilii... I,ntiln■''';' ■•"' ''.""■'■ "f ""■ l"l«'. "" >is.. .-..mI.I I... ina.l,. .,)• that vitlmat a na.ro t'Xti'iid.'d siirv.y i.t .•i.iin.'.-t than I was prcpand ti> niak.'. MIIVKV IIKirtCKV l,\Kl;s .KKMt \M> WIN Nh'Kia.SIS. r IC II ..■.•■anpaiiyinH: plan an.l pr til., sln.w niv s , . ,. . ■ .• iirvcy and l.-v.'ls ..v.r lliuli r.irtaij.", I.ut l..r .•..nv,.nu-M.-.. ,,| r..t..rpn.,. I taladaf tl... n^snlt at .Avry t.-nth stati.-n: a- tho stati.ais ar.. M p s (yanls) apart, this ^mnvs int.-rvals „f n.'arly a thini .,f a n.il... I liav.. tfuvn ( ...la.- lak. I.vati.ai ,.f ]IMI f....t t„r , v.ni,.,,..,. „f r..|-..r..n.v. >-'filar l..ake. ,„ I'.levatlon .Station. lou (lUfwt. loth 1... ... f»' IliMo f" VMAVl • lOth /.•*"" '"'I' '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. :: '.'. :: :: u-ko-I NOth .... .. mh VlL-^ S:: :::::•; ■■■■-■■■■'-■■■■ B 14.'lnl — Siininiit j^2 27 14<>th — IVswiit t.i Winni|H'>f.isis. . n't.< ni ir.ofi. ■;. V. v. ■.; ;: :; ]]■;■, 1^, l.'i4tli— Waf.T. l,ak.' Winnip.'jiosis ' " .|!^;;|' Ordinary wiit.T h'V.'l in lake lO!).)-) Cflar lake was hi^h f,.r th.. .laf. Ol.l r.-sid.'nts th.myht it fr.an tw.. t,. f.,„r tWt al...v.. ..r. „u.ry I..V..1: s.. w.; n.ay assn.n.. thno tVot. I kn.,w it was that m.m.-I. hijfhc-r than in Juno. JiMO. W innip..tf„s,s was apr-urontly ahout U fwt Ih.|.,w ..r.linarv hv.l ' I'U "* t^C PLATE N0 3« iLi Dtpartment of tb« InUrtor, Cansda. NONOuMAau M necNC. minmtir. WW COST CM* MPWTV MIMItTCM. IfVatar Vuvmr Bruieb. JkOMUKS. tOftlMI«ll»«l CROSS LAKE PHOVINCE OF MANITOBA TO ACCOMPANY REPORT FOR SEASON 1812. THoa. H. Dunn, CE.w . _ _, S :-:i^ mw ■ \ \ '*"V^I f % ^ * ^A JW|«^ m '*» X M^4 i\ r -.J /# MiaoCOPy RESOIUTION TiST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 21 ^ APPLIED IN4/IGE I ^K '6^3 Eosi Mom Street Sr^ Rochester. New York 1*609 USA -^B ("6) 482 - 0300 - Phone ^B (716) 268 - 5989 - Fo« Dspartnent of the Inu WMar P«w»r MAT OF PART PROVINCE or ]s SmWMO AREA FLOODCD IT LOWER TO ILLUSTRATE REPORT OF THOS. H. PASOUIA RECLAMAI SCALt SMiLEA To One NOTt-THE HEAVY DOTTED LINE INDICA BOUNDARY OF THE WET , Intarior Caaad* r Braneh. P T OF MANITOBA IVEII MSKATCMCWAN RIVCR H. DUNN, ran season isit. ATION PROJECT. >NC iNOh. ilCATES TMt APPROXIMATE ■T AREA PLATE N«»37 14-30 r4 StM CLASSIFIED LISTS OF REPORTS or THE DOMINION WATER POWER BRANCH Tht Reports publUhcd by tbt Dominion W«t« Powtf Branch with tlw exception of the Annual Rcporte, have been called Water Resources Papers, and have been numbered 1, 1, kc. ANNUAL REPORTS. Annual Reporte previous to 1913 are Included with the Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, and can be secured from the Secretary of the Department. Annual Report for 19I3-I3, published 1914. Annual Report for 1913-14, In press. WATER RESOURCES PAPERS. WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. I. Report of the Railway Belt Hydrographic Survey for 1911-12, by P. A. Carson B A D.L.S., Chief Engineer. Published 1914. ' ' ' WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 2. Report of Bow river power and storage investigations (P iw river west of Calgary,) by M. C. Hendry B.A.Sc , Chief Engineer in charge of surveys. Published 1914. WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 3. Report on Power and Storage Invcetigations, Winnipeg river, by J. T. Johnston, B.A-Sc., Hydraulic Engii)eer of Water Power Branch. In course of preparation. WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 4. Report of the Manitoba Hydrographic Survey to the year ending 1914, by M. C. Hendry, B.A.Bc., Chief Engineer. In course of prepitration. WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 5. Preliminary Report on the Pasquia Reclamation Project, by T. H. Dunn, C.B., O.L.S., Chief Engineer in charge of Reclamation Survey. Published 1914. WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 6. Report on cost of various sources of power for pumping In connection with the South Saskatchewan Water Supply Diversion Project, by H. B. M. Kensit. M I B B Published 1914. WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 7. Report on the Manitoba Water Powers, by D. L. McLean. S. S. Scovil and J. T. Johnston, con-piled for the Manitoba Public Utilities Commission. Published 1914." WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 8. Report of the British Cc jmbia Hydrographic Survey for 1913, by R. O Swan B.A.Sc., Chief Engineer. In press. ' WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 9. Report of Red river Navigation Surveys, by S. S Scovil, B.Sc., Assistant Chief Engineer of Manitoba Hydrogrcphic Survey. In course of preparation. WATBR RESOURCES PAPER No. 10. General Quide for Compilation of Water Power Reports of Dominion Water Powtt Br.mch, prepared by J. T. Johnston, B.A.Sc, Hydraulic Engineer of Water Power Branch- In press. Limited edition. WATBR RESOURCES PAPER No 11. Final Report on the Paiquia Reclamation Project, by T- H. Dunn, C.E., O.L.S., Chief E.igiaeer in charge of Reclamation Survey. In press.