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Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included In one exposure ara filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams Illustrate the method: Les r^rtm: planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent ttre fllm«« k des taux de rMuction dIffArents. Lor8qi<« iff document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit on un seul clichA. 11 est filmA A partir da Tangle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche i droite. et de haut en bas, an prenant le nombre d'imagas nicessalra. Les diagrammas sulvants [»MStrent la mithoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 J5 Henry Gnttam Wii* Heniy Flood. ^ » RlSfl :\ Cydopedia of Race History. \;'^NT'\IN!N<1 lilOGRArillOAT, SKETCH. fJS OF MORE THAN FiKTEFN 1UJNJ)RE1) DISTINGUISHED IRISH CELTS, ^VITH A ClIRUNOUHSJOiL INDEX. S^ir> A MKMDJvR OF Jlih MliHlGAN BAR. I 4"^ ■■■ .....rf^Ly-^f^^^^^'^^^"^' M/ Hciiiy Fli o'i. ,■ v.. », / :^=ii -iii,.. Irish celts. A Cyclopedia of Race History, CONTAINING BIOGRAFHICAL SKETCHES OF MORE THAN FIFTEEN HUNDRED DISTINGUISHED IRISH CELTS, WITH A CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. A MEMBER OF THE MICHIGAN BAR. /\\ . n ILLUSTRATED. 1 inn it^lU 01 6 DETROITi PUBUSHBD »Y L. F. KlUlOY ft COMFANT. 1884. ; i V, r"^ pi •»'•*?* (•f»tLf?o? LtBfTAnv: H^' I. ■■■!' % ! I Copyright, 1884, by James O'Brien. INTRODUCTION. The records of most people are embraced within a national aspect, and they have affected the worId*8 history and their o\m destiny mainly in their aggregate capacity ; but the history of this race, the lives of a few of whose children this work records, is an exception. It is in the lives of her children, scattered throaghout the entire earth either by zeal or necessity, for a thousand years, more, perhaps, than in the history of its is'land home, that we must seek the glory and the achievements of a gallant race; the most maligned, misunderstood and robbed, as to credit and character, of any that history records. It has not only been the misfortune or destiny of this race to be robbed in every conceivable way and then slandered and oppressed by the robber at home, and this re< suiting not from any want of valor, ability or manly spirit to defend their own, but only circumvented by treachery, deceit, perjury and fraud; but wnen away from home, carving out by uneqaalcd valor and matchless ability, a new destiny, and creating new nations, still robbed as a race, of the credit and name of the work of their hands. "Ton have lost America by the Irish," rang out from the lips of a British Statesman in the Imperial Parlia- ment, as a warning to the Grovernment of the results of its Irish policy about the time that glorious achievement was accomplished; and is it not a glaring fact, to-day, -that there is not a colony of Great Britain, of anv importance, that its Irish Celts mi^ht not pro- claim independent it unitedly they willed it; and even in England herself, the descendants of tne Irish Gelt are numerous enough to shake the foundations of its Qovemment to their centre, if oiroom- stances called forth such an effort ? Few Americans seem to know how true was that declaration quoted above, as to the loss of Amerioa through the Irish. It is true ^hat the historians of the Revolution do not proclaim that fact ouu loud, but an examination of the records of the army fully sustains it, and we have the unim- peachable testiinony of Joseph Galloway, of Pennsylvania, before a committee of the Imperial Parliament, during the progress of the war (1780) to the same effect. Galloway haa been a meifiber of the Continental Congress for nearly three yearp and up to the time of the Declaration of Independenoe, and was one pf the first ^xi -^~JL. mTBODUOnOK. ! I iL H';r men in Pennsylvania. He favored resistance to the arbitrary acts attempted to be forced on the colonies, bnt opposed separation from the mother country, and after 1776 went to England. He declares in his testimony before the committee referred to, that "one-half the Revolutionary army were Irish! and one-quarter na- tives of the soil." Of the latter, a portion must of necessity have been children of Irish parents. We know that the Pennsylvania quota was almost entirely Irish, or of Irish descent, from its gen- erals down; and the same may be said of those from Maine and New Hampshire, which were settled principally by Irish. The local lead- ers too, almost everywhere throughout the colonies, were Irish, who spurred on the laggards and fired the hearts of the people by that burning eloquence peculiar to the race. Of this we have many notable instances. In the South, the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, which anticipated by some time the great Declara- tion. Its members were almost entirely Irish from the interior and southern portion of North Carolina, which was mainly settled by them. A further indication of the spirit and zeal of this people in the great struggle is well illustrated by an association formed by the youns^ women of that section, to encourage their fathers, brothers and lovers to fight for Independence to the last, and pledging themselves to marry no young man who did not take up arms in defense of liberty; ready and willing to bear the extra home burthens themselves. In the northern portions of the col- buies, Maine and New Hampshire, settled mainly by the same race, we behold the same zeal; the Sullivans, the Langdons, the Starks, the O'Briens, ever first to risk their lives and their fortunes in the great contest for liberty. If this was the complexion of the colonies at the breaking out of the Revolution, of which there can be no doubt, it is easy to calculate how overwhelmingly the American people must be of Irish origin; for after the Revolution, for more than half a century, the emigration to the United States was mainly Irish. We have the statistics of the port of Phila- delphia, which show for a whole century including this period, the arrivals at that port to have been, out of every ten, nine were Lrish. The natural condition of things too is in accordance with such a fact. The enmity between Great Britain and America after a long and bitter struggle would naturally preclude the de- sire or thought of emigration from the beaten to the victor; while Ireland, still struggling as she had been through many long years for liberty, was in strong sympathy with America, £nd America free, freed too, mainly by the valor of her exiled childr>^n, was to them a haven of peace and repose; and so they came in countless numbers. The continental nations with the exception of Spain having lost all their possessions in North America, nad also ceased emigrating until it commenced with the Germans during the last half century. Thus the American as moulded, and formed, and rounded out, is mainly an Irish Celt developed in a free field of action through the natural genius of the ra6e alone; and it is safe to say that you can scarcely point to one representative American Statesman of the -i:.4u. IMTBODXTcnOlt. past or present, whose blood and brain is not either entirely' or in great part of Irish origin. And here one might well ask, how is it then, if siich is the origin of this people, that we do not aee them claim such origin and defend and honor the Irish name, but rather that at times in the past a strong preiudice has been exhibited towards the Irish, and the claim of sucn nationality tended rather to injure than advance the prospects of an individual in this country. This paradox is true, and it seems to have been, at least so far, one of the accumulative misfortunes of that race, but it is easy of ex- planation. It arose in the first place and mainly out of religious bigotry, of which nothing is so olind, bitter or virulent, and sup- plemented to this, the want of cultivation — ^but thank Heaven not of virtue or genius — which poverty, brought on by robbery and oppression, had entailed on the poor Irish emigrant at home, and fldded still to this, a poisoned English'literature, filled with the most infamous falsehoods which were ever vomited from a hireling press against the good name of a people^ and which by its power and influence poisoned the briarean arms of IHerature; but thank Heaven also, whatever designs an all-wise Providence had in permitting such poisoned shafts to wound and bear down a people, they are fast becoming powerless to do : /il, and prejudices are being fast dispelled in the light of honest investigation and the knowledge of a true history. Now, the name "Irish/' does now, has always, and probably always will convey with it the idea of "Catholic," not alone because five-sixths of its people have always been such, but also because the people or nation has suffered for being such. The original emigration from Ireland, as is the emigration of to-day, was from all parts, and the persecuted and hunted were more likely to flee and seek a peaceful home than those who, at least, were less so; consequently from the earliest period of colonial settlement they flocked to America, Gatholio and Protestant alike and togeth- er, out with this difference^ the Catholic fleeing from a persecution which disorganized his church and made his pastor a hunted and disguised refugee in his own land, broke away, isolated, so to. speak, from ever threatening trouble, and brought with him none of the access ries of religion except faith — no priest, no altar, no organization. His Protestant neighbor came with all these, but the antagonism which existed at home, and which is so foreign to the Irish character, melted and disappeared when the foul breath of their common enemy was not present to fan the devouring flame. The result was, the Catholic being without the means to practice his religion soon grew cool and indifferent, and if he himself did nof lose the faith, his children did; but being not only of an intel- lectual but also of a religious ra^oe, they attached themselves to the established forms around them. From a lying and perverted literature they also became tainted with bigotry, and being totally ignorant of the grand history of their matchless race, they forgot or felt ashamed of a race they knew only as poor, persecuted and depressed, and whose nusfortunes were maliciously charged to its religion, and so many thus oircumstaneed soon began to tttTBODnOTKni. J <•'- Pi^- prattle abont their Anglo-Saxon blood and ancestry. This An^lo- Saxonism is simply a great fraud, a pure myth, a shadowy thing of evil, and the great American people are not only not Anglo- Saxon, bnt (as was well illustrated and proven by an English scientist and published in Appleton's Magazine many years ago, under the heading "Are we Celts or Saxons?") neither are the great hodj of the English people of to-day; but that even they, phyiiologically speaking, are mainly Celts. Is it not a notorious fact that if one should wipe out, not the achievc>aent8 of Norman Celts, but alone the achievements of Irish Celts, from the history of England for the past one hundred and fifty years, the most splendid portions of her historv would be obliterated? But America, immeasurbly more than England, is Celtic, and its so called Anglo-Saxonism is but a myth of myths — a wholesale robbery of Celtic blood, brains and achievements. One of the objects of this work is to help and dissipate this phantom of evil, this soulleHS idol, this myth with but little more real life or progeny or ancestry than a wooden god, as far as America is concerned, and to snatch away a few of the stolen garlands which hide its emptiness. The time is come for the Iriim Celt to assert himself; to defend his race from the rabid and false attacks of such perverters of history as Fronde and like frauds; to see that the credit of her children's achievements are not stolen and appropriated by her enemies, or by a myth; to explode this An^lo-Saxonism, and to make the history of his race as conspicuous as it is glorious. In this field, (America) where the children of all nations have a free field and equal chances, the Irish Celt has ever distin- guished himself by his intellectual as well as physical superiority. As there is nothing which better distinguishes the innate refinement and nobility of a race than the character and beauty of its women, so here in America we have the amplest means of comparing them with those of other nations; and what a contrast! The daugh- ter of the poor Irish emigrant, whose people for hundreds of years perhaps, have been battling with the greatest adversity, no sooner secures a little of the means to indulge in the refinements of life than she steps forth, not as an isolated case, but almost universally, like a queen, grace and dignity in her bearing, brightness and in- telligence in her eye, commanding respect as well as admiration by the strength and charms of her cnaracter, and equal to any dig- nity which fortune may elevate her to. We need not say that such can be said of the other races whose children seek America as a home. Oh, if the children of this matchless race. Catholic and Protestant alike, would unite in a common bond of brotherhood in the spirit of its Plunketts, its O'Connells, its Wolfe Tones, its Emmets, its Mitchells, its Martins, and take pride in the honor and exalta- tion of the race — ^powerful as they are beyond all calculation, spread out over the whole earth — how soon, even by moral force alone, could they not redeem the glorious old land which nurtured their race, from the bonds of the oppressor. The object of the wprk is oot only to trace a history of tne race at home by sketches of its ■ ■ * ,. I —^iw^^fip I t I II more illur tr Kings, Saints aAd Sages of ancient times and pat- riots and buobv smen of modern, but more especially to indicate its extent and greatness in Ameriea; to show the honest student of history what an immense influence this little down-trodden island must have had in moulding and making modem history through the achievements of her children. We speak not of her Wellingtons, and Wellesleys, and Napiers, and Do} les, and Blakes, and Burks, and Cannings, and countless others, who make the history of her oppressor rich in human glory; but just let him oast his eye on the continent when the old order of things was breaking up; when feudal institutions were struggUng to maintain themselves against modem civilization; when the map of Europe was permanently altered, almost substantially as it is to-day, say especially during the stormy and long reign of Louis XIY oi France; and let him calculate if he can what results the death of the 600,000 Irish Celts who fell in the course of fifty years, as historv records, fighting with matchless gallantry in the French wars, had in moulding mod- em Europe and infusing into it a spirit of rational liberty; that absolutism which many of the continental nations or people ac- cepted or submitted to, or even that modified form, elevated if not ennobled, called feudalism, never having had a foothold or a habitation among the free but cultivated people or Ireland; its children were from the earliest times the representatives and apostles of a true rational liberty, ever recognizing the rights, the freedom and the equality before the law of the individual. It was not only at Fontenoy where their irresistible dash snatched victory from their ancient foe and put an end to English dominion on the continent, but in a hundred other battles of great impor- tance were they leading factors in securing victory. It was through their valor and daring that the ambitious schemes of Wal- lenstein, the greatest general of his age, were fioistrated in Eastern Europe, and the intej^rity of the German Empire secured; and from that time to this, in Europe, America (North and South), Australia, the world over, has the exiled Irish Celt played a conspicuous and commanding part. These facts are well known and indisputable, but they have been scattered throughout the history of the world. We have labored in an imperfect way to bring them together in one book in the way of biography, which is perhaps the most pleas- ing form of history. Whatever errors may have crept into the first edition, typographical and riherwise, of which undoubtedly there are many, we will strive to correct, and in the near future add a new volume of illustrious Celts from the vast array living and dead, over whom for many reasons we had to pass fo^ the present. THE AUTHOR. Chronological Index of Contents. UNDER SPECIFIC HEADINGS. SAINfS. ^fM^:': Adamnan a, Ailbe Aileram Albin Albuin Arbogas^ Amicus : Beniguus Bieacs aud Burfan Brendan Brendan of Birr Bridget Brieuc Cailan Cellach Christian Clit-istian Ooiman Colman Columba Columbkill.. Conlaeth Drclan Desibod c Dymplina Eitline... Elipli Eiida, Feantlial Felix Finochta D. 680 600 600 780 700 600 4G0 480 475 488 686 468 460 647 1106 1160 1188 613 060 680 660 470 600 680 480 660 880 680 766 1170 676 Finian a.d. 660 Finian FlorentinuB Fridolinos Gelaseus Gilbert Ounifort Ibar Ida Jarleth Eeyin Kianm Ellian Livinus Macartin Malchus Mannou Mansunr . . . . ; Mochelloe Moloous Muerdacli Munchin Navel O'Toole, Laurence. Patrick , Rumbold ^edulus Benan; Tisemach Wiro 580 460 1160 1080 400 480 600 680 560 630 660 680 600 1130 1200 100 600 620 460 480 660 1160 460 750 785 640 660 640 KINGS. Aiden... a.d. 757 Amergin b.o. 1000 Angus, or Bneati 800 Blathmac a.d. 660 Brien Boiroimhe 980 Obrbm Liffecliair 260 Cas Cormac 240 Oatbire More 140 Olxrimthon 860 Oonars tlie Great 10 Oonarr B.O. 460 Oongal A.D. 046 Conn Koadcaha 148 Oonquovar 810 Ocrmao of Munster 640 Oormac MoCulinan 870 Oormac Ulfada a.d. 270 Ohrintbam . . 60 Dathy the Great 420 Larmod 644 Domhnalllll 748 Edenkeal 1 ]£nnall b.o. 600 Eiochall 500 Booha IX , 10 Eocha XII A.D. 850 Eocha Reuda 212 Fe&rdadaoh b.o. 600 Feargall a.d. 711 Feilin 180 Feargualll 665 Feigua 880 MMMMH«MH««MlMMgMH OBBONOXiOOXGAIi LMUJU OV OOnTBinf. QtS. ..A.D. 650 680 450 .. 1180 .. 1080 400 480 600 580 660^ 680 650 680 500 ... iiao ... 1208 100 600 620 460 480 560 1160 450 750 785 640 560 640 I....A.D. 270 60 480 644 748 I ..B.O. 600 600 ... . 10 ....A.D. 8M) 218 1. ...B.O. 600 1....A.D. 711 180 665 Fergus I (Scotland) aj>. 608 Fiach y 78 Flan(8ionna) 900 Flabwtoch 727 Heremon b.o. 1000 HughVX A.D. 797 Hughll 679 HughV 784 Kedlachan 920 Lao^nro 428 MacConn 224 MacColIenan, Cormnc 920 Maglochlin Moriertuch 1152 Malachi 840 Malachlll 980 Modh-Corb 288 ModhaNuagat 150 Muemnon b.o. 700 Niall, the Great.... t a.d. 880 Niall 888 0*61160, Ooachobar a.d.1140 O'Brien, Dermod 1070 O'Brien, Donough 1015 O'Brira, Morietach 1089 O'Brien, Theodore 1600 O'Brien, Turlough 1080 O'Connor, Roderick. . . ; 1170 O'Connor, Turlough 1180 OilioUOlum... 280 Olam-Fodla b.o. 720 Oleve Fola 680 Olohobhair a.d. 840 O'NeUl, John (Shane) 1560 Rorr the Great b.c. 87 Rotheactll 6G0 Sedua II 600 Tighermas a.m. 1085 Tuthal A.D. 100 XJgane-More b.o. 800 IRISH PATRIOTS. Bamwall, Alex a.d.1670 BarriDgton. Sir Jonah 1782 Butler, Richard (Vic. Mount- garret) 1600 Butler, Lieut. -Gen. Richard (Ormond) 1610 BymcPatrick 1750 Carey, Mathew 1760 Davis, Thos 1814 Dennond, Garret, Earl of 1570 Desmotil. SirJohn 1570 Dillon, Count Arthur 1665 Dillon, Theobald. 1640 Duffy, Charles Gavin 1840 Emmet, Robert 1796 Emmet, Thomas Addis 18q0 England. Right. Rev. John. . . . 1786 Fitzgerald, LordEdwail 1796 Fitzgerald, Rt. Hon. James. . . 1760 Fitzmaurice, James 1574 Flemiiig, Chas. (Lord Slane). . 1600 Fleming, Christ. (Lord Slano). 1678 Fleming, Gen. Henry. 1665 Flood. Henry. 1740 French. Rt. Rev. Nicholas. . . . 1640 Grattau, Henry 1760 Grey, E. Dwyer 1884 Grey. SirJohn 1840 Hamilton, Lady Elizabeth. . . . 1650 Hoard, Sir Joseph 1780 Holt. General 1708 Hudson, Edward , t79d Kiokham, Charles J 1846 Eildare, James Fitzgerald. . . . 1760 Lucas, Charles 1740 Martin, John 1848 Maxwell, Charles 1688 McCarthy, Gen. Justin 1666 McBIligot, Gen. Roger 1686 McGee, Thos. D'Arcy a. McGeoghegan, Abbe J Mc€kogh^mn, Kichard , McNe\in, Dr. W. J McGuire, Prince Conn Meagher, Gen. Thos. F Mitchell, John Molyneux. Wm Momington, Garret, iSarl of. . . Monroe, Gen. Henry Murphy, Edmuhd Nelson, Samuel Nugent, Qen. Richard O'Brien, Marshal (Lord Clare) O'Brien, Murrough (Marshal). . O'Brien, Gen. Charles O'Brien, Daniel (Earl of Clare) O'Brien, Wm. Smith 0'Bricn,Terpnce Albert(Bish'p) O'Connell, Daniel O'Connor, Gen. Arthur. ... .. O'Dogherty, Cahiif O'Doherty, Kevin Izod O'Donnel, Hugh, Prince of Tyrconrkel O'Gara, Gdn. Oliver 0'Gormr.n, Richard O'Mahony, Jeremiah O'Mahony, John O'Maddan, Edmond O'Melkeron, Owen O'Neill, (3en. Gordon 0'Neni,Hugh,Prince of Tyrone O'Neill, MaJ Ghm. HugU O'Neill, Owen Roe..... Orr, William O'Bhaughnessy, Roger Pamell, Charles Stewart Parsons, Sir Laurence D.1848 1780 1600 1796 1600 1848 1848 1680 1750 1798 1688 1798 1686 1760 1686 1666 1688 1846 1650 1829 1798 1606 1848 1600 1700 1848 1600 1846 1686 1680 1688 1600 1640 1646 1796 1720 1684 1800 1 i '."■v--.-.v''f;^-v OHBOKOIiOOIOAL nfTDBZ OF OOKTBim. Soott, Ool Edward i Stuart, Mary Sullivan, Alex. M Bullivan, Timothy D Talbot, Rich'd(BarlTyrconnel) Tandy, Qen. James M upper. .. lUrrell; Capt. Richard Tone, Theobald Wolfe Junket, Wm. a.d.1782 Ponsonby. Hon. Geo 1800 Powers, Qen. John 1688 Pender«tst, Ool Edward 1688 avinn, llev. Thomas. . . 1840 ochford, M 1648 Rothe, John 1688 Barsfleld, Pat., Earl of Lucan. 1688 Savage, John 1848 1 Woji^n, Col. Edward IRISH DIVINES, WHO TLOUBISHBD IN IBELAUD AND BNOLAin). CATHOLIC. Baron, Roland. A.D. 1520 Bernard, Hugh, D.D 1875 Brurke, Rev. Thonuua N 1880 Biadv, Andrew 1450 Brady, Wm. Maziere 1827 Brown, Thomas 1550 Callanan, Rev. Lawrence. .... 1729 Oassidy, Roderick 1580 Catholicus, Archbishop. 1195 Olynn, Jcun 1860 Colgan, John 1960 Conroy, Rt Rev. Geo 1832 Constantine, Bishop 1150 Creagh, Most Rev. Richard. . . 1570 Gullen, Cardinal Paul. 1803 Cusack. Chiistopher 1575 Doyle, Dr. James 1186 Egan, BoBtius 1600 Eusface. Maurice 1580 Pich. Thomas.... 1520 Field, Rt. Rev. Thos , . 1500 Fitzsimon, Rev. Henry. 1640 Fitzsimon, Most Rev. Patrick. 1750 Fitzsimon, Most ReV. Walter. . 1500 French, Rt Rev. Nicholas. . . 1604 Gibilan, Maurice 1800 Gilbert (Urgale) 1880 Godham, Adam 1840 Hiflgius, Dr. William 1720 3ggin8, Philip 1794 Hollywood, Christopher 1600 Joy, Most Rev. William 1480 Joyce, Most Rev . Koland 1800 Joyce, Most Rev. Wa'ter .... 1770 Koii Jog, Geoffrey 1580 Kirwin, Rt. Rev. Augustin. . . . 1780 Lincoln, Most Rev. Richard. . 1780 Leverous, Rt. Rev. Thos 1550 Lombard, Most Rev. Peter. . . . 1600 Lynch, Rev. John 1630 MacAed, Malachi . 1818 MaoAuley, Catherine ISO' > MoOaghwell, Most Rev. Hti^h 1600 McFlin, Most Rev. Florence. . 1250 MoHale, Most Rev. John 1880 .D.1685 1620 1384 1884 1740 1708 1680 1798 1650 McMolisse, Most Rev. Nich. .. a.d.1292 McRonan, Most Rev. Thomian 686 Maguire, Rev. Charles 1460 Maguire, Rt. Rev. Michael. . . . 1410 Maguire. Rev. Thomas IMO Maher, Rev. James 1870 Malone, Rev. William 1600 Matnew. Rev. Theobald. .. .. 1840 Miller, Rev. Peto- 1580 Moriarity, Rt, Ivcv. D^vld. . . . 1850 Murray,* Most Rev. Daniel. . . . 1830 Nagle, Nano 1768 Norris, Philip, D.D. 1100 0'Brien,Rt. Rev. Terence Albert 165o O'Carrol, Most Rev. Thos 1850 Ookam, William. .1 1850 O'Connor, Rev. Charles 180U Obugey David 1350 O'CuUennan, Gelasius 1580 O'Dowling. ' Thaddeus 1570 O'Fallon. Rt. Rev. Donald 1500 O Hurley, Most, liev. Dermod. 1580 O'Kelly, Most Rev. Ralph. . . . 1340 O'Lagknan, Most Rev. Mariau 12 O'Sbaughnesscy, Ool man 1740 O'Toole, Laurence, St 1160 Plunket, Most Rev. Oliver ... 1069 Porter, Mam-ice do 1250 Reginald , Archbishop 1250 Richard, Archbishop 18 8 Roth, Dr. David 1600 Russell, Dr. Charles W 1870 Russell, Most Rev. Patr*ck... 1685 Stapleton, Dr. Thomas 1565 Talbot, Most Rev. Peter 1060 Tanner, Edward, D.D 1635 Treguary, Most .»ev. Michac!. K60 Troy, Mo8t Rev. Johr^ Thomaj 1800 Usiier, Rev. Di- 1750 Walsh, William, Rt. Rev 1570 Waterford, Thos 1640 Wollesley. Rt. Rev. Wr.lter. . . 1580 Wesley, Edward, Rt. R w 1685 Wiseman. Nicholas, P. 8 1860 Wolfo, Rev. James 1660 PROTBBTAMT— OBUBOH OF SNOIiAKD. Barton, Rev. Thomas s . a.d. 1720 1 Brady, Nicholas Berkel^« Bishop Q«o :084 j Brooke, Bet. Stafford. 166l» 1888 ii.<^.. ' OHHOKOLOGICAL ISDBX OF COITTBNTS; D.1685 1690 ld84 1884 1740 1798 1680 1798 1650 L.D.1292 686 1460 1410 IMO 1870 1600 1840 l.')80 1850 1880 1768 1400 1650 1850 1850 180U 1850 1680 1570 15()0 1580 1340 12 1740 1150 1G6U 1250 1260 18 8 1600 1870 1085 1566 1060 1636 K60 1800 1760 1670 1640 1660 1686 1850 1660 1660 1888 Butcher, Bt, Rey. Samud a.9.1811 Chandlnr, F^lward 1720 Clayton, Robeir. .... j 1819 Croly, Bev. George 1780 Delaney Dr. Patrick 1686 Do^ veil, Henry 1688 Fitzgerald. William. D.D..... 1814 Francis, Philip 1760 Gregory, George, D.D 1760 Hales, WUliam 1778 Hamttton, Hugh 1729 King, Dr. WiUiam 1700 Kirwin, Walter B 1780/ Leslie, Charles 1680 I'adan, Bev. Martin 1760 Madden. Dr. Samuel M 1700 Magee, Dr. Wm 1800 Magee, Dr. Wm. C 1850 Muniire, Bev. Bobt a, MoHeile, Husli, D.D Mossom, Bt Bev. Bobert Murphy, F/ancis O'Beime, Bt. Sev. Thos. L. . . Pamell, Thomas Bichardson, John Sheridan, Thos. D.D Shirley. Walter Thompson. Bev. William. Todd, James H.^ D.D Traill, Bobert. D.D Trench, Bichard C Usher, James Wall, Chas. W., D.D Walsh, Bobert, D.D., LL.D. Wolfe, Bev. Charies .h D.1850 1840 16^ 18S0 1800 1800 1650 1720 1840 1770 1860 1840 1865 1620 1850 1820 1820 PBOTEBTANT— DIBSEinnBS. Arthur, Bev. William (Meth). . a.d. 1819 Carson, Bev. Alexander (Bapt) 1880 Clarke. Dr. Adam (Meth) 1760 Hincks, Bev. Edward (Presb). . 1792 Hutchinson, Francis (Presb). . 1700 Joyce, Jeremiah (Presb) 1770 STATESMEN, SOLDIERS AND LAWYERS. EBELAND AND BNOLAin>. Leland, John. , a.d.1720 Leland. Dr. Thomas 1760 Maxfleld, Bev. Thomas (Meth) 1751) Moore. Bev. Henry (Meth) 1800 Walker, George, (Presb) 1680 Anhesley, Arthur a.d. 1614 Barnwell, Sir John 1640 Barnwell. Sir Patrick 1600 Barre, Qen. Isaac 1724 Barry, David 12«7 Belling, Bichard 1618 Beresford. Wm. Carr 1768 Bloomfleld, Benj 1762 Booth, Sir Bobert Gore 1806 Bourke, Bichard 1260 Boyle, Henry (£«t1 of Shannon) 1700 Boderick. Sir Allan 1680 Brown, Arthur, LL.D 1770 Burton, Bichard Francis 1821 Bushe. Charles Kendal 1767 Butler. James (Ormond) 1660 Canning. Bt. Hon. George. ... 1770 Carausms 360 Carlton, Sir Guy 1784 Charlemont, Jas. C, Barl of. . 1728 Chichester, Gen. Arthur ' 1660 OJark. MaJ.-Gen 1760 Cole. Gen. Galbraith 1776 Coqyngham, Francis N 2 ^'^^'^ Conway, Marshal Henry S. . . . _ 1721 Coote, Sir Byre "^"^^ Cowley, Henry W. . Baron. . . . 1778 Crocker, John Wilson 1780 Cunningham, Timothy 1780 Curran, John P 1760 Cusaok, Sir Thomas 1660 Daroy, tMr William 1680 Dawson. Arthur a.d.1706 Deasy. Bichard, LL. D 1812 Dillon. Lieut. -Ger . Arthur B. . 1780 Downes, William 1740 Doyle, Gen. Sir John 1756 Doyle, Mai-Gen. W. E 1760 Dunerin, Marquis 1860 Duffy, Charles Gavin 1848 Duigenan, Patrick 1796 Edwards, Bryan 1748 Emmet, Temple 1780 Emmet. Thomus Addis 1800 England. Lieut. Gen. Pichard 1740 England, Gen. Sir Bichard .... 1798 Evnns, Lieut.-Gen Sir DeLacy 1787 Esmond, Sir John , 1826 Eustace, James, Viscount 1670 Finglas. Patrick 1634 Fitzgerald, Sir Augustine 1760 Fitzgerald, Bt. Hon. James. . . 1750 Fitzgerald, John D. LL.D. . . . 1816 Fitzgerald, Marshal. Sir John T 1 786 Fit7i^rald, Nicholas 1686 Flli-ejerald. Percy H 1884 Fltzpatrick, Lieut. -Gon. B. K. . 1784 Fitzeimons, Most Bev. Walter 1500 Floyd, Gen. Sir John 1800 Francis, Sir Philip 1760 Foster, John 1740 Gore, George 1700 Gere, John 1780 Qough, Marshal Hugh 1806 ■'( ■ ■-' : ■^V OECBOiroIiOOIOAZi XTOBZ 09 OOHTIim. Gray, £. Dwyer. a.d. Oiay, Sir John Hdy, Oen. Sir William O'G. . Hamilton, James Hamilton, Sir John HamiltOB, Gtoi. Richard Hogff, Sir James W Howcien, Gen. John, Baron. . . Hutchinson, Hon. John Hely. . Hutchinson, Gen. John Hely. . Jones, Mason , Eavanagh, Sir Hen^ Keane, Lieut -Gen. Lord John Eotealy, Edwaxd, D.OX Odare, James Fit^^erald. . . • Eirkpatrick, Gen. Wm Eing. 0«i. BobertE Laniidown, Wm. P., Earl of. . Loftus, Gen. Wm Londonderry, Charles W Londonderry, BohertS. (Oastle- Taagh) LoweTSir Hudson Lucan, Gen. Geo. 0., Earl of. . Lugadh, (General Luttrell, Simon Lynch, Sir Henry lorndhuTBt, John S. 0. Lord. . McArthur, Wm Macartney, Geo., Earl of McCarthy, Gen. Justin McCarthy, Owen. McDonnell, Sir B. G., LLJ>. . Maguire, John Francis Mahon, Gen. Stephen Martin, John Massey, Gten. l^re Massey. Gen. Nathaniel Mayo,Earl of (Rich'd S.Bourke) Meade, Robert Mitchell, John Moles worth, Marshal Count. . . Molesworth, Bobert, Count. . . Monk, C*harles Stanley, Lord. . Montgomery, Sir Heniy C. . . . Montgomery, Sir R9bert^L.D Napier, Lieut-Gen. Sir W.P.P Napier, Wm. J., Lord Nicholson, Gen. John A Nolan, Chief Justice Michael. . Nugent, Cten. Sir George Nugent, Bobert Craggs O'Brien, Murrough, Earl of Indhiquin O'Brien, Wm. Smith 880 866 850 700 706 670 8)0 800 760 780 840 800 800 860 760 .780 790 760 800 810 800 800 860 100 688 660 800 884 760 688 688 870 860 800 848 750 800 800 800 848 700 680 850 600 860 814 820 860 800 800 776 660 848 MILITARY AND O'Callaghan, Cornelius. A.d.1700 O'Connor, Fergus E 1880 O'Dwyer, Andiew, Caruw. . . . 1870 O'Hagan, Thomas 1880 O'Laufdilin, Sir Coleman 1848 0'Ndll,Hugh,Prince of Tyrone 1600 O'Reilly, ^n. Hugh 1700 Ormond. John Butler, Earl.. 1460 Ossory, Thos. Butler. Earl of. 1660 Palmerston, Henry J. Temple, 1860 Lord I860 PameU, Charles Stewart 1884 Parsons, Sir Laurence 1800 Periy, Edmund S., Viscount. . 1780 Pigbt Gen. Thomas 1750 Pluntwt, Hon. Wm. C 1800 Ponsonby, Hon. Geo 1800 Pottinger, Sir Henry 1840 Rawdon, Francis H., Earl. . . . 1812 Rowan, Gen. Sir Wm 1850 Saurin, Rt. Hon. Wm 1800 Scott, John 1780 Shiel, Richard Lalor 1880 Shelbume,rWm. Fitz Maurice, P. Earl 1765 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley. . . 1800 Shiel, Sir Justin I860 Smith, John W 1830 Smith, Michael 1780 Smith, Sir Wm 1800 Staunton, Sir Geo. Leon 1780 Staunton, Sir Geo. Thos 1880 Strangford, Vic (P. C. Smytho) 1885 Sullitan, Alex M 1884 Sullivan, Sir Beni 1800 SuUivan, Denis B 1800 Talbot, Richard 1740 Taylor, Sir Meadows 1850 Temple, Sir John 1700 Temple, Sir William 1675 Tennent, Sir J. E. LL.D 1860 Tiemey, George 1800 Toler, John 1800 Tonson, Gen. Wm 1800 Torrens, Sir Henry 1830 Torrens, Gen. Robt. F. R. S. . . 1865 Torreno, Sir Robert R 1870 Torren's, Wm. McCullagh .... 1870 Wellesley. Richard C, Marquis 1888 WelUngton, Arthur W., Dukn 1840 Whiteside, James 1860 WUlis, Sir Joseph S., LL.D. . 1866 Wolseley, Sir G. I., Lord 1884 Yelverton, Barrr, Lord ISOq Toui g, John (Baron Lisgar). . 18qq, NAVAL HEROES. VBOajXO AND BNGLAND. Alleyn. Richard J A.D.178a Ayutsr, Gen. Lord Mathew.. 1770 Baldwin, Ool 1790 Beaufort Sir Francis A.D.1774 Blake, Robert, Admiral 16SD Blake. Sir Walter 1680 ■MhriUki '-■^•>' ORB0NOIiOOIOAX< HTDBX OV COSTBNTB. Blood. Thos A^D.ieaS Borrows. Eildare 1780 Brown, John 1640 Cade,Jack 1460 Cteichton, John 1748 Creighton, Oen. David 1680 Dennond, Garret. 1570 Desmond, Sir John 1670 Despud, Edward M 1790 Downie. Comodore 1800 Fanner, Capt 1760 Fitzgibbon, Col. James 1780 Fitzmaurice 1674 Fletcher, Col Richard 1780 Forbes, Admiral George 1686 Forbes, Admiral John 1710 Gardner, Admiral Alan 1786 BandcocK, Col. R B 1780 Holt, General 1798 Kelly, Col. Edward 1800 Lynch, Capt. Harry 1860 McClintoch, Admiral 1860 McGeoghegan, Richard 1600 McClore. CapL tt J gapier, Admiral Wm. J olan, Louis B O'Brien, Admiral Jas O'Brien, Admiral Robert O'Donnel, Hngh, Prince of Tyrconnel O'Kean, Gen. Daniel O'Neill, Geo. Gordon CNeill, Maj.-Gen. Hugh O'Neill, Owen Roe O'Bullivan, Prince of Bearre. . Peckenham, Gen. Sir E. M. . . . Pomeroy, Gen. John Ponsonby, Gen. Sir F. C Ponsonby. Sir Wm Sheldon, Gen. Domenick Stewart, Sir Wm. (Mount joy). Stewart, Sir Wm Taa£Fe, Gen. Lucas Warren, Sir Peter White, Richard, Earl of Bantry AUTHORS. BOlKMTlViO AND TjBABNUD. Abemathy, John' A a.d.[ Aileran Amergin Amergln McAmalraidh Anster, John, LL.D Aongus Coledeus Apjonn, Dr. James Babington, Wm Barnwell, Dr. Robert Barry, Dr. Martin Belling, Richard Berkeley, Geo!, D.D Black, Joseph Blake, Robert, M.D Borlace, Edmund Boyd, Hugh MoAiiley Boyle, Richard Brady, Robert Brown, Arthur Burton, Richard Francis. ..... Caimes, John Elliot Cobb, Frances Power Darley, George Dee, John Dodwell, Henry Donovan, Edward Feltham, Owen « Glenie, James. Oodham. Adam Gorman, Marianus , , . . . Hales. Wm Hamilton, Elizabeth Hamilton, Sir Wm. Rowan. . . Hinoks, Rw. Edward Hudson, Edward 1768 666 660 600 1796 760 1796 1767 1700 180d 1610 1684 1728 1776 1610 17^6 1626 1660 1821 1824 1822 1786 1627 1641 1760 1600 1780 1840 1060 1778 1760 1806 1708 1798 Hutchinson, Francis Kane, Sir Robert KeUy, Patrick, LL.D Eeneally, Edward, D.C.L. Kirwin, Richard Laffan, Sir Joseph DeO. . . Leckey, Wm. E. H. Long, St. John Lucas, Charles McClintock, Admiral McCuUagh, James McKenzte, Dr. Shelton. . . . McCure, Capt. R. J Maddan, Dr. R R . . Maginn, Dr. Wm Marsdep, Dr. Wm Mathews, Geo., LL.D Molyneaux, Daniel More, Michael. Murphy, James 0. O'Cfery, Peregrin O'Clery, Bro. Michael O'Ourry, Eugene O'Donovan, Dr. John O'Fihely, Donald O'Hamn, Geoffry O'Hailoran, Sylvester O^Kennedy, Mathew O'Meara, Dr. Barry Edmund. O'Shaughnessy. Sir Wm PaUiser, SlrWm. 0. B Petrle. Geo., LL.D Roohford, John Rosse, Earl of, (Wm. Parsons) Sabine, Gen. Sir Edwaid 1858 1820 1860 1818 1850 1600 1648 1685 1640 1648 1670 1800 1750 1818 1818 1688 1698 1720 1649 1746 1797 1700 1870 1780 1860 1680 1800 1880 1880 1740 1860 1840 1844 1862 1840 1860 1800 1680 1600 1720 1800 1680 1680 1860 1860 1460 1860 1800 1700 1816 1860 1870 1850 1810 1860 1870 OHBOHOLOeiCAL IMDBZ OV OO^TBim. Shea, David a.d.1890 Sloan, Sir Hang 1700 Smith, Sir ^m. LL.D 1800 Smyth, Andrew W 1866 Btanihurst. Nicholas 1660 Sterne, Dr. John 1660 Stokes. Geo. Gabriel 1870 Stokes, Whitley 1880 Talbot, James. LL.D 1880 Taltam, Heniy, LL.D 1840 TayR>r. Sir Meadows 1860 Taylor, Wm. Cooke, LL.D... 1840 Thompson, Wm 1846 Thompson, James 1880 ThomiiBon, Sir Wm ^ . . .a, Todd, James H.. D.D Todd, Bobert B., H.D Toland, John Torrens, Gen. Robert ^ Torrens, Wm. McC Tuckey, Captain James H. . . . Tyndall. John, D.C.L., etc. . . Walsh, Dr. Edward Ware, Sir James, LL.D Wilde, Sfar Wm. Robert Wood. Robert Young, John Radford Toung, Mathew, D.D AUTHORS. POBTIO ASD OBHBBAL. Allingham, Wm.^ a.d.1828 Amergin 660 Anster, John. LL.D 1796 Banim, John 1798 Bauim. Michael 1796 BeU, Bobert 1800 Blake, EUzabeth 1780 Blessington. Countess of 1788 Boyd. Hugh McAuley 1746 Boyse, Samuel 1708 Brady, Michael 1660 Brooke, ITenry 1706 Brooke, Frances 1720 Bronte, Anna 18 lO Broute, Charlotte 1840 BruDtd, Knily 1840 Browne, Finnces. 1818 Browne, Miity Anne 1812 Carlton, William 1798 Concanen. Mathew «... 1680 Cooke, William 1766 Cork, John Boyle, Earl of . . . . 1707 Costello, Dudley 1S08 Costello, Louisa, S 1816 Crocker. John W 1787 Crocker. Thos. Crofton 1798 Croly. Rt. Rev. Geo 1780 Cunningham, John 1786 Cusack, Mary, (Sister. Clare).. 1880 Dancer, John 1660 Darley, Geo.... 1786 Davis. Thos 1814 Denham, Sir John 1620 Denrody, Thos. :...., 1776 rerrick, Samuel 1784 DeVere, Sir Aubrey. 1787 DeVere, Aubrey 1814 Digby, K. Henry 1800 Doran, John 1807 Dubtach, McLugheir 460 Edgeworth, Mana 1767 Edgeworth, Rich'd L. 1744 Edgewor.h, Sheyd 1790 Eusden, Laurence 1700 Farley, James L a. Fitzpatrick. Wm. J. Francis. Sir Philip Gage, ReV. Thomas Goldsmith, Oliver. Grattan, Thomas C Grey. Sir George, L L. D Griffin, Gerald Hall, Mrs. Anna M Hooke, Nathaniel Hughes, Thomas Jameson, Mrs. Anna Johnson. Charles Eavanagh, Julia Eeaty. Annie Knightly. Thomas Lever, Charles Lover, Samuel McCabe. William B McCormack, Charles MaoFirbesey, Oelasius ....... McGeoghegan, Abbe J McEensde. R. Shelton McClure. SirR. J Madden, Dr. R. R McGuire, John F Malone, Edmimd MiUiken, Richard Molyneaux, William ttonck, Mary Molesworth .... Moore, Thomas Morgan, Lady Sidney MuBgrave, Sir Richard Norton, Hon. Caroline E. S. . . Pamell, Thomas Pembridge, Christopher Suin, Michael J eid. Mayne Roche, Riegina Maria Roscommon, Wentworth, Dil* Ion Earl of, Sheridan, Frances Sheridan, Helen Selina Shoridan, Thomai DJD D.1670 1860 18S0 1700 1860 1876 1800 1880 18C0 1660 1860 1760 1880 1780 D1828 1880 1760 1640 1781 1800 1887 1810 1810 1760 1820 1797 1760 1840 1860 1840 1860 1860 1880 1760 1260 1780 1844 1862 1840 1860 ,1780 1820 1680 1700 180O 1820 1800 1860 1700 1840 1880 1880 1800 1660 1764 1860 1780 /'.>',. min tiimmmmtmmi «HROHOZiOOIOAL DTOKZ OF CONTBHTB. 8teele,81r Richud A.D.t700 Btepheiui, Edward Bell IdSO Bterling, John 1840 Sterne, Lawrence 1760 Btranffford, Viscount, P. A. F. Smythe 1850 StnL j^ord. Viscount, P. 0. 8. ^ythe 1885 SuUivan, Richard 1870 SulUvan, Timothy D 1884 Swift, Jonathan 1700 Taylor, &ir Meadows. 1850 ACTORS AND AUTHORS. Tlgfae, Mary Blatchford a.d.1800 Trench, Dr. lUchardC...*;.. 1865 Tate, Kahum 1700 Wall, Charles W., D.D 1880 Waller, John, L.L.D 1850 Warburton, Eliot B. 1850 Warburton, George..... 1854 Weld, Charles Richard 1860 Weld, Isaac 1850 White, James 1760 White,Samuel 1800 Wolfe, Rev. Charles 1820 DBAHATIOAL Ain> MUSIOAL. ■ •«••••■ Abington, Frances... Balfe. Michael WiUiam Banim. John Barry, Spranger BeckerstafF, Isaac Boucicault, Dion Brooke, Henry Brooke, Q. Vaughan Brome, Alexander. Brome, Richard Brougham, John Clive, Mrs. Catharine. Congreve, William Cooke, Geo. Frederick Coyne, Joseph S Cunningham, John Darner, Anne Seymour Dancer, John Denham, John... DeVere, Sir Aubrey DeVere, Aubrey Derby, Duchess of Doran, John Farren, Eliza(Duches8 of Der- by Farquhar, Geo Faudt, Helen Field.Jobn Francis, Philip Goldsmith, Oliver Grif&n, Gerald .D.1735 1858 1798 1717 1780 1880 1706 1818 1660 1650 1860 1710 1670 1766 1855 1780 1748 1650 1620 1787 1814 1775 1807 1775 1678 1816 1782 1750 1786 1810 Head, Richard i Johnston, John Henry Jones, Henry Jordan, Mrs. Dorothy Kelly, Hugh Kelly, Michael Knowles> James Sheridan Mucklin, Charles Madden, Dr. Samuel Maturin, Charles R, MoUoy, Charles Momington, Garret, Earl of, . . Mossop, Henry O'Carolan, Thurlough 0'Hara,Kane O'Keefe, John O'Neil, Eliza » Powers, Tyrone Purcell, Henry Qain, James Shee. Martin Archer Sheridan, Richard Brinsley... . Sheridan Thomas Southern, Thomas SteiUng, John Stephenson, Sir J. A Tate, Nahum Tobin, John Wallace, William V White, Samuel. . . .« .D.1650 1800 1750 1782 1760 1785 1830 1750 1760 1800 1770 1750 1750 1700 1760 1780 1840 1840 1690 .1760 1880 1800 1750 1700 1840 1800 1700 1800 1860 1800 ARTISTS. PAINTBB8, SOULFTOBS, BTO. Barker, Robt A, Barret, George Barry, James Byrne, William Carey, WilliamP Copley, John 8 Oosteuo, Louisa S Cosway, Richard Danby, Francis Darner, Anne Seymour. Doyle, John Doyle, Biohaid / D.1740 1728 1741 1742 1760 1750 1816 1780 1708 1748 1780 1826 Elmore, Alfred a.d. 1816 Foley, John Henry 1818 Ganaon, James 1740 Gilray, James 1770 Hennessey, William J 1850 Hogan, John 1800 Jarvis, John 1750 Jervas, Charles 1700 Maclise, Daniel 1860 Mulready. William 1850 Pelham, Henry 1785 Richardson , Jonathan. ...'..,, 1780 ,i.f -■l',>¥i / ." CHBOMOLOOIOAL IHDBX OF COMTKKTS. Bdley, John a.d.1680 1 Thompfloo, Launt a.d.1880 Shee, Martin Archer 1890 {Treaham, Henry 1800 MISCELLANEOUS. JBMLkSD AMD BNOX«Ain>. Brown, Sir William a.d.1784 Burke, John 1800 Burke, Sir J. B ,1880 Burke, Robert O'Hara 1831 Ck>bbe, Frances Power. .% .... 183S Darean, William 1800 Davidson. John 1814 Delany, Mary. 1700 Oreatrakes, Valentine a. D.16S0 Maculla, James 1780 OlUeUy.John 1870 Piers, Henry 1600 RusseU, William H 1880 Sullivan, Sir Richard 1800 Welledey, Marchioness of. ... . 1840 CONTINENTAL. STATESMEN AND SOLDIERS. Acton, John a.d.1781 Alton or D' Alton, C!ount Ed. 1787 Alton, Richard..... 1782 Bamwall, Alexander. 1670 Barrot, Odillon 1791 Blake, Joachim 1791 Browne, Count Oeorge de.. . . . 1698 Bugeaud, Marshal 1784 Burke. Gen. Walter 1666 Butler, Gen. James 1750 Butler, Lieut. Gen. Pier 1700 Butler, Gen. Count Walter. . . . 1610 Cantwell, Gen. Edmond 1670 Church. Gen. Richard 1785 Clark, Marshal Count Henry J.. 1783 Conway, Marshal CountThos.. 1780 Darcy, Count Patrick 1737 Dillon, Gen. Count Arthur.... 1665 DUIon, Gen. Arthur 1748 Dillon, Archbishop 1740 Dillon, Count Edward. 1740 Dillon, Count James. 1740 Dillon, Marshal Count Robert 1700 Dillon, Count Theobald 1640 Dorington, Gen. William 1670 Fitzgerald, Gen. Nicholas. 1695 Fleming, Qen. Charles (Lord Slane) 1680 Fleming, Christopher. 1673 Fleming, Gen. Henry 1650 Hamilton, Count Alexander. . . 1660 Hamilton, Count Anthony. . . . 1646 Kilmaine, Marsbt.1 C. J 1783 Lally, Count Thomas Arthur. . 1760 Lally. Toll^ndal. Marquis T.G. 1780 Lee, Col. de 1688 Luttrall, Gen. Simon 1690 Maguire, Gen. Prince Conn. . . 1600' Haguire, Patrick 1498 McCarthy, Gen. Justin a.d.1690 McCarthy, Gen. Owen 1690 McDonald, Marshal Stephen. . 1795 McElligot, Gen. Rog(6r. 1790 McGeoghegan, Charles 1790 McMahon, Gen. Hugh 1790 McMahon, Marshal 1884 McNamara, Adml. John 1730 Nugent, Gen. Richard 1690 O'Brien, Marshal Charles 1750 O'Brien, Gen. Charles 1690 O'Brien, Daniel (Earl of Lis- more) 1750 O'Brien, Gen. Daniel (Earl of Clare) - 1690 O'Brien, Murrough, Earl of Inchiqin 1660 O'Brien, Murrough, Mai-shal.. of France 1700 O'CanoU, CoL 1691 O'Carroll. Turrene 1696 O'Connell, Gen. Count Daniel 1800 O'Connor, Gen. Arthur 1816 O'Donnell, Lieut. Gen 1700 O'Donnell, Marshal Count Leopold.: 1860 O'Gara, Gen. Oliver 1700 O'Eane. Gen. Daniel. . . . ; 1640 O'Mahon. Gen. Count 1800 O'Neill, Gen. Gk)rdon 1688 O'Reilly, Count Alexander. . . . 1765 O'Reilly. Count Andrew 1800 O'Reilly, Coant John ,,.. 1830 Powers, Gen. John 1700 Prendergast, Col. Edmond ... 1700 Rothe, Gen. John 1690 Sarsfleld. Patrick, Earl of Lu- can V 1708 SootI, Gen. Edward 1798 \ ' OHROirOLOOIOAL IHDBX OV OONTKim. Sheldon, Geb. Dominick a.d.1791 Taaif e, Maipbal Francis. 1680 Taafle, Manrtiai Count Nicho- laa.... 1740 Taaffs, G«n. Lucas ▲. D.ldQO Theasy, William. 1692 Ward, Benjamin 1740 ARTISTS, DIVINES, SCHOLARS AND SCIENTISTS, Abadio, Antoine .▲.D.1885 Abbadie, Arnold Michael 1885 Albin 750 Albuin 760 Alton, J. W. Edward, de 1772 Anguilbert, Theodore 1600 Ba&e, William, D.D 1664 Bernard, Hugh 1876 BroDhy, Rev. George, 1776 Brown, Henriette 1.320 Clement, Claud i260 Cohnan, St 960 Cornelius (Historicus) 1200 D'Arcy, Count Patrick. 1727 DesJbold, St ' 620 DUlon, Archbishop 1740 Dillon, Peter. 1760 Dunn, Thaddeus . 1660 Duns, John (Scotus) 1800 Edgeworth, Abbe 1780 BIiph,8t 880 Erlgena(John Scotus) 860 Feardial, Saint 760 Perr£,Abbe 1760 Fitzgwald, Sir John 1680 Fitzirerald, Gen. Nicholas 1696 Florentius, Saint 40) Isaac 1160 John (de Sacro Bosco) 1220 Joice, Cardinal Thomas 1800 Kearney, Abbe. 1780 Eilian, Saint 660 Lombard. Archbishop Peter. . . 1600 Lynch, Rev. John 1680 McCaghwell. Hugh 1600 McCarthy, Rev. Nicholas. 1830 Maculre, Abbe de Tulles. a.d.1680 Mafachi, Abbe 1800 Malone, Rev. William 1600 Marlanus, Scotus...^ 1060 Mehegan, William Alexan'r de 1780 Messingham, Dr. Thomas 1600 More, Michael 17!H) Noris, Cardinal Heniy 1680 Nori8,M. T 1680 Nugent, Thomas. LL.D 1760 O'Malone, Dr. Daniel 1660 O'SuUivan, PhiUp 1620 Palmerston, Thomas 1260 Peter (Hibemicus) 1250 Porter, Rev. Francis 1680 Porter, Maurice de 1260 Qninn, Rev. Thomas 1660 Reginald, Archbishop 1260 Ri&ard. Archbishop. 1847 Roth. Dr. David 1600 Rumold, Saint 776 Scotus, Marianus , 1060 Scotus, John (see Duns) 1800 Sedulus. ' 488 Stannyhust, Richard 1600 Stannyhust. William 1660 Stspleton, Dr. Thomas, D. D. 1666 Tobin, A. M. de 1760 Tracy, Anthonv Louis de 1800 Tracy, Bernard, de 1750 Virdlus, Bishop of Salsburg. . 760 Wadding, Luke 1620 Wadding, Rev. Peter. 1640 Walsh, Peter 1650 Ward,Hugh 1620 William of Diogheda. 1876 UNITED STATES. PRESIDENTS. Arthur, Chester A a.d.1884 Buchanan, James 1858 Jackson, Andrew 1884 Polk, James E. . . . a.d.1840 Madison, James .. 1814 Monroe, James 1820 PATRIOTS OF THE REVOLUTION. Armstrong, Gen. James a.d.1775 Armstrong, John 1776 Barney, Com. Joshua 1776 Bany, Com. John 1776 Brady, Capt. Samuel. Brown, Andrew Burke, iEdanus Bums, GK>v. John. . . . .A.D.1775 1776 1776 1775 OHBOHOIiOOIOAIi INDBX OV OOHTBHTa. ! J Boiler, Gen. James Butler, Pierce CaUtoun, Jphn Ewing. CSarroU, Oharles Carroll, Biahop Clinton, Col. Charles Clinton, Ooy. George CHnton, Qja: James Conway, Marshal, Count Thos. Conway, Gen. Robert Conway, Gen. Henry. Davidson. Gen. Wilfiam Duane, William. Delaney, Daniel Dooley, John M Duane, James Dunlap.H Fitzsimon, Thomas Fitzgerald, M Farelly, Patrick FIndlay, George William Findley. William Floyd, William Ford. Gov. Thomas Giles, William B Gillespie, James Gilman, John Gilman, Nicholas. Goode, Samuel Gordon, Patrick Hall, DominickA. Hamilton, James Hand, Gen. Edward . Harper, Bobert Gk)dlove Hayne, Isaac Iredell, James Irvine, Gen. William. Jackson, Andrew Jackson, Charles Kearney, Dyre Eillen,Wimam Knox, Gen. Henry Logan, Dr. George Lynch, Thomas Lynch, Thomas Lyon, Mathew McClene, James HcHenry, James McE^ean, Thomas A.D.1775 1775 1776 1775 1776 1775 1775 1775 1775 1775 1776 1775 1775 1775 1775 1775 1776 1775 1775 1776 1775 1775 1/75 1775 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1775 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1775 1775 1775 1775 1775 1775 1776 1775 1775 1775 1775 1775 1775 McKendree, William a.d.1775 Madison, James >. 1775 Martin, Alexander, LL. D.... 1775 Maxwell, Gen. William. 1776 Meredith,Samuel 1776 Monroe, James 1775 Montgomery, Joseph 1776 Montgomery, Gen. Richard. . . 1776 Morrow, Jeremiah 1776 Motte, Rebecca 1776 Ndson, Gen. Roger 1776 O^en, Capt Jeremiah 1775 O'Brien, Capt. Richard 1776 Orr, Alexander D 1775 Orr, John 1776 Patterson, William 1776 Patterson. Robert 1776 Patton, John 1776 Pickens, Gen. Andrew 1776 Pitcher. Molly 1776 Polk, William 1775 Porter, Gen. Andrew 1775 Ramsay, David, M. D 1776 Ramsay, Nathaniel 1775 Read, George 1775 Ross, James 1775 Rush, Benjamin 1776 RuUedge, Edward 1776 Rutledge. Hugh 1775 Rutledge, Dr. John 1775 Rutledge, John 1775 Scott. John Martin 1775 SmiUe,John 1776 Smith, James 1776 Smith, Jonathan B 1778 Spaight, Gov. Richard 1775- Stark, Gen. John 1776 Stewart, Gen. John 1775 Sullivan, Gov. James. 1775 Sullivan, Gen. John 1775 Taylor, George 1776 Thompson, Gen. Wm 1775 Thompson, Charles H 1775 Thornton, Mathew. 1775 Tracy, Nathaniel 1775 Waddell, Gen. Hugh 1776 Wayne, Gen. Anthony 1775 Williainson, Hugh, L L. D. . . . 1775 STATESMEN AND LA'VSTYERa V Arthur, Chester A a.d. 1880 Atkinson, John 1841 Atkinson, O'Brien 1888 Barry, William T 1780 Beatty, liartin 1810 Beatty, William .. 1810 Blaine, James G 1880 Brady, JamesT 1815 Broderick, David C. 1818 Buobanan, Jwm.,,,, 1791 Caldwell, Joseph P. Caldwell, Patrick C a. Calhoun, John C Calhoim, John Ewing Carroll, Charles Cass, Lewis Chandler, Zachariah Conness, John Conway, Martin F. Cox, Samuels. 1888 D.1850 1782 1759 1787 1782 1861 1850 1880 1884 ' h^ CitRdHdLOGiOAL mftiKi 6f dovtttm. Onitiii, OoT. Andrew G. a.d.ITOS OntdMsoii, Sulliyaa M. 1882 DaUy. OhM.P 1816 Dar^ Bdward 8 180S Danah, Oornelius 1805 DaviB, Thomas. 1808 Dellet, James. 1788 Dooley, John M 1772 Doane, James 1775 Emmets Thomas Addis 1830 Ewiiig,John. 1800 Ewiiu^ Thomas 1789 Fair, James 1845 Parrely, John W. 1800 Farrely, Patrick 1760 Findlay, James 1820 Findlav, John 1810 Pindlay, Gov. William 1776 Findlay, William 1740 Fitzgerald, John 0.. 1812 Fit^erald, WilUam 1800 Fitzpatrick, Benjamin 1802 Floyd, William 1784 Ford, Gov. Thomas 1776 Fold, Nicholas 1848 Giles, John 1785 Giles, William B 1760 Gilhooley, P. H 1850 Gray, William 1860 Grimes, James W 1861 Ha(^tt, JohnR 1820 Haines, Charles G 1800 HaU, Dominick A 1766 Henry, Thomas 1800 HiU,Ben1aminH. . 1828 Hines, Ittchard 1820 Hogan, John 1880 Hyde,John 1888 Iredell, James 1770 Iredell, George James 1790 Johnston, Wm. Freame 1860 Jones, Charles W 1884 Eavanagh, Edward 1820 Kearney, Dyre 1740 Kelly, James .... 1800 Eelly.John 1860 Kelley, WilUam D 1860 KeUy, William 1800 Eeman, Francis 1870 Eillen, William^ 1776 Lochrane, Osborne A 1850 McBride, John R I860 McCandless, Judge Wilson .... 1860 McCarthy, Jonathan 1880 McConnell, Felix G 1840 HcDuffle, George 1800 HoEeon, John 1860 McEennan, Thomas 1340 McLanahan, James 1840 McLane, Louis 1800 HoMahon, John A 1884 McGInnIs, Martin. a.d.1884 Magnider, Patrick 1800 Mahgum, William P. 1840 Manning, Richard 1 1880 Maiston, Isaac 1884 Martin, Morgan L 1850 Mathews, Vincent, L L. D. . . . 1840 Miller, Stephen D. 1880 MUligan, John, Jr. 1840 Morrow, Jeremiah 1770 Mullen, Joseph 1860 Murphy, Gov. John 1826 Murphy, Henry C 1880 Noble, Patrick 1880 Norris, Hon. M 1850 O'Brien, Jeremiah 1800 O'Connor, Charies 1880 O'Gorman, Richard 1884 O'NeiU, Charles 1884 O'Neill, John 1844 O'Neill, John B. , L L. D 18&) Ormsby, Stephen 1820 Patterson, William 1776 Poland, Luke P. 1870 Polk, James E 1841 Polk,Wm. H 1861 Pollock, Gov. James, L L D. . . 1860 Pope. Patrick H 18i0 Porter, Alexander J 1880 Pugh, GeorgeE 1866 Pugh. John 1800 Rairden, James 1880 Ramsey. David, M. D 1775 Reid, Thomas B. 18^25 Ready, Charles 1860 Regan, John H 1870 Robinson. William E 1884 Rogers, Thomas J 1820 Ross, James 1780 Rowan, John.. 1800 Rowe, Peter 1864 Russell, Jeremiah 1846 Russell, William 1880 Ryan, Thomas 1882 Savage, John H 1847 Savage, Judge John 1820 Semmes, Benedict J 1816 Seward, Wm. H 1861 Shannon, Hon. Thomas 1825 Shannon, Gov. William 1870 Shiel, George E 1861 Shields, Benjamin G 1880 Shields, Gen. James ; . 1880 Smith, Gov. Jeremiah 1810 Spaight, Richard D. . . . . < 1840 Tomkins, Patrick W 1850 Walsh, WUliam, L L. D 1860 Walsh, Michael 1850 Wilde, Richard Henry 1840 WiUdns, WUUam 1860 WilkinB,RoB8 1870 m ' I OfiBOHOLOeiOAL tMOX 0» COHTfeMTB. SOLDIERS, STATESMEN AND PATRIOTS. Amutrong, Oen. James a.d.1745 AnnstroDg, John. 177S Baffley, C61. James 1822 Bimy, John 1746 Brown, Andrew 1776 Brown, Oen. Jacob 1743 Burke, iBdanus 1776 Bums, Gov. John; 1780 Butler, Oen. James 1772 Butler. Pierce ^... 1744 Butler, Pierce M 1798 Butler, Oen. William 17B1 Clinton, Col. Charles 1690 Clinton, Oov. DeWitt 1769 Clinton, Oov. Oeorge 1740 Clinton, Oen. James 1786 Chandler, Zachariah 1818 Conway, Marshal, Count Thoi. 1788 Conway, Oen. Robert 1776 CoDway, Oen. Heniy* • • • 1776 Crockett, David 1786 Davidson, Oen. William 1746 Dawson, William J 1780 Duane, William 1760 Duane, William J 1780 Dulaney, Daniel 1760 Dunlop,M ; 1776 Fitzgerald, Thomas H 1789 Fitzsimon, Thomas 1741 Oillespie. James 1776 Oilman, JohnT 1768 Oilman, Nicholas 1776 Ooode, Patrick 1820 Ooode, Samuel 1776 Ooode, William 1880 Oordon, Patrick 1700 Gorman, Oen. Willis A 1830 Oreeley, Horace. 1811 Hamilton, James 1776 Hand, Oen. Edward 1775 Hannigan. Edward A 1800 Harper, Alexander 1830 Harper, Francis. 1800 Harper, James 1806 Harper, Joseph M 1787 Harper, RobmOoodloe 1760 Harper, William 1719 Hayne, Arthur P. 1790 Hayne, Isaac 1776 Havne. Robert 1791 Irvine, Maj. Oen. William. . . . 1776 Jackson, Andrew 1812 Jackson, Charles 1775 Johnson, John 1880 Johnson, William 1840 Johnstone^ Sir William 1716 Kearney, Oen. Philip 1840 Ke^meyi Oen. Stephen 1812 Killeiv William 1776 Knox, Oen. Henry Lo£:an, Dr. Oecrge Logan, James Ix^an, Oen. John A Lynch, Thomas Lynch, Thomas Lvon, Mathew McClene, James McHenry, James Mclntyre, Rufus McEean, Thomas McEendree, William Madison, James Mahone, Oen. William Martin, Alexander, LL. D.. Maxwell, Oen. Wm Meredith, Samuel Monroe, James Montgomery, Joseph -. Montgomery, Oen. Richard. . Motte, Rebecca Nelson, Oen. Roger O'Brien, Capt. Jeremiah. . . . O'Brien, Capt. Richard Orr, Alexander D Orr,John Patterson, William Patton. John Philson, Robert r Pickens, Oov. P. W Pickens, Oov. Israel Polk, William Porter, Oen. Andrew Read, Oeorge Rush, Benjamin Rutledge, Edward Rutledge, Hugh Rutledge, Dr. John Rutledge, John Scott, John Moran Sheridan, Oen. Philip Shields, Oen. James Sloane, John Smitie, John , Smith, James Smith, Jonathan B Smith, Oen. Thomas A Spaight, Oov. Richard Stark, Oen. John Sullivan, Oov. James. Sullivan, Oen. John. Taylor, Oeorge » Thompson, Oen. William Thompson, Charles H Thornton, Mathew. Tracy, Nathaniel Waddell, Oen. Hugh Williamson, Hugh, LL. D. . . . Toung, Oov. Thomas L !••••• ▲.0.1775 1776 1700 1884 177^ 1776 1776 1776 1776 1812 1777 1776 1776 1884 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1775 1776 1776 1776 1776 1775 1776 1820 1860 1820 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1740 1776 1716 1884 1861 1862 1775 1776 1777 1861 1778 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1770 1776 1880 OBBOHOtOGIOAL lAtlEX OlT OOimEtltB. MILITARY HEROES. BBA AND IiAHD. Barner. Coin. Joshua A.D.17S9 Barrett, Com...., 1828 Barry, Com. John 1745 Barry. Gen. WUliam F 1818 Blakely. Johnson 1781 Brady, Gen. Hugh 1768 Brady, CapU Samuel 17S8 Brannan, Gen. Joha 1819 Brown, Gen. Jacob 1775 Buchanan, Thomas McKean.. 1887 Connor, David 1790 Corcoran, Gen. Michael 1827 Croghan, Col. George 1791 Downes, John. 1786 Pitzgerald.M 1775 Kearney, Com. Lawrence 1813 Lynch, Com. William F 1840 McCall, Edward £ 1812 McReynolda, Col. Andrew T. . . 1884 Minty, Col. R. H. G 1784 Mullen, Denis W 1880 MuUany, Admiral J. R M 1880 MuUigan, Gen. James A 1861 Murphy, Gen. John R 1861 Neill, Gen. Thomas H 1861 O'Brien, Capt Jeremiah 1775 O'Brien, Capt Richajd a.d.1775 O'Hara, Col. Theodore 1846 O'Kane, James 1864 O'NeiU, Charles 1860 O'Neill, Gen. John 1865 O'Rourke, Gen. P. H 1861 Partridge, Gen. Benjamin F. . . 1861 Patterson, Gen, Robert 1861 Patterson, Robert 1775 Pitcher, Molly 1776 Pickens, Gen. Andrew. . 1775 Ramsay, Nathaniel 1775 Read, George C 1812 Reid, Capt Mayne 1847 Rowan. Admiral Stephen 1861 Ryan, Commander George P. . 1861 Ryan, Gen. William A, C 1 870 Savage. Col. John H 1847 Semmes, Capt Raphael 1861 Sheridan, Gen. Philip 1861 Shields, Qen. James 1861 Stark, Gen. John 1775 Stewart, Admkal Charles 1850 Stewart, Gen, John 1775 Wayne, Gen. Anthony 1775 Wood, Commander G. W 1864 DIVINES. CATHOLIC. Brophy, Rev. George Byrne. Rev. William Carroll, Most Rev. John Elliot Rev. Walter EngUmd, Right Rev. John. . . . Filzpatrick. Rt Rev. John B. . Foley, Rt Rev. Thomas Hendricken, Rt Rev. Thos. F. Hughes, Most Rev. John Eenrick, Most Rev. F. P Eenrick, Most. Rev. P. R Lynch, Rt Rev. P. N McCloskey, Dr. John McOloskey, Cardinal Allison, Francis, D. D. (Presb.)A, Allison, Patrick (Presb.) Brown, Arthur (Presb.) Campbell, Alexander D.(Presb.) ElUott, Charles (Meth.) Embury. Philip (Meth.) Ewing, Rev. Finis (Presb.) ' Ewing. John, D. D. (Presb.). . Fielding. Rev. J. H. (Presb.). . Pinley, Rev. James B. (Presb.) Finley, Dr. Samuel Giles, Rev. Henry (Unlt'n). . . . .D.1776 1780 1784 1842 1880 1812 1822 1827 1840 1850 1884 1870 1860 1884 McElroy, Rev. John A. Moriarty, Dr. P. E. O. S. A. . . O'Brien, Rev. John O'Eeefe, Rev. Eugene O'Reilly, Rt Rev. Bernard Purcell, Most Rev. John B. . . Suarter, Rt Rev. William yan, Most Rev. John P Ryan, Rt. Rev. S. V Ryder, Rev. James Starrs, Rev. William Timon, Rt. Rev. John Whelan, Rt Rev. Richard V. . PROTEST Airr. D.1705 1740 1730 1778 1792 1728 1778 1782 1796 1781 171C 1809 Gilraan, Rev. Tristram (Presb.)A. Hall, Dr. John, (Presb.) Hicks, Barbara (Meth^. Hopkins, Jno. H. , L L.D.(Epis.) Homes, William (Presb.) Hunter. Rev. Wm. D Eavanaugh. Hubbard (Meth.) Eerfoot, John B. LL.D. (Epis.) Macannally. Daniel R. QUeth.). McCaine, Alexander (Meth.). . McElroy, Dr. George (Meth.). . McOraay, Rev. James (Presb.) D.1820 1870 1870 1870 1850 1880 1850 1881 1880 law 1870 1860 1870 D.1760 1829 1780 1800 1715 1845 1880 1870 1840 1800 1840 1800 etaamoLOAiCAL moitx oy casiat»i6. it McEeodne, WllUam (ICeth.). . a.d.1800 McLaren, Edward (Bpis.) 1884 Mahon, Dr. Milo, (Bpls.) 1860 MeU, Patrick H.,LLD.(Bapt.) 1860 Morray, Rev. John (Presb.). . . 1775 Murray, Nicholas, D.D.(Presb.) 1860 Mosgrave, G. W. , L L.D(Pre8b.) 1860 Nail, Rev. Bdward (PresbJ. . . . I860 Ogelbey, Dr. Frederick (Epis.) 1870 Patton, Rev. William (Presb.). . 1850 Robinson, Stuart, D.D. (Presb.) 1880 Smith, Dr. John Blair (Pre8b.)A.D.1780 Smith, Dr. Robert (Presb.). . . . 1780 Smith, Samuel S,D.D.(Presb.) 1800 Tennant. Rev. William (Presb.) 1760 Thompson, Robert E. (Presb.) 1875 Toomath, Rev. John (Bapt). . 1870 Waddell, Rev. James (Presb.). 1800 Waddell, Rev. Mosen (Presb.). 1820 West, Nathaniel, LL-D^resb.) 1850 Wylie,>Samuel, D. D. (Presb.). 1866 Wylie, Samuel B., D. D.\, ^^resbO 1860 AUTHOR& 80IBNTIVI0 Ain> LBABBBD. Barry, Patrick a.d.1816 Bushe. George Macartny 1797 Caldwoll, Dr. Oharles 1772 Caldwell. Green W 1811 Carey. HenryO 17»8 Carev. Mathew 1*760 Carey, William P. 1780 Carrigan. Philip 1746 Darby, William 1640 Emmet, John Patton 1794 Felton, Cornelius Conway. . . . 1807 Fulton, Robert 1765 Gillespie, William M 1816 Grogan, WiUiam M. 1880 Jackson, Charles T 1805 Jackson, Dr. James 1777 «••••• )•••••••• EeUy, Robert McCformick, Cyrus H. , M«Nevin, Dr. W. J.. Mahan, Denis H., L L. D.. . . Murphy, John McLeod Patterson, Robeit, L L. D. . . Patterson, Robert M., M. D. Ryan, Georfl»P Shea, JohnD. G Smith, Jeremiah, LL. D. . . . Smith, Dr. Nathan R Sullivan, John L Twomey, ^chael Walsh, Bobert. LL. D Watson, John, M. D Williamson, J>r. Hugh AJ>.1880 1860 1880 I860 1840 1776 1886 1861 1880 1780 1880 1850 1850 1860 1860 1775 POBTIC A7!n> OBNBKAL. Arthur, Timothy Shay a.d.1800 Bonner. Robert 1824 Brown, Charles Boockden. . . 1771 Browne, John Ross 1817 Burke, John Doly 1797 Buchanan, Margaret 1846 Conant, Mrs 1812 Con/ngham, David P l^VdO Croly, Jenny Cunningham. . . . 1840 CuUen, William 1P36 Dee, Michael 1848 Parley, Harriet 1840 Gallagher, William D 1808 Gill.Thomas 1788 Kirwin, Daniel Joseph 1860 MacGahan, John 1870 McEenzie, Dr. R. Shelton 1870 Maturin, Edward a. Meline, James F Neal, John Neale, Joseph C O'Brien, Fitzjames O'Callaghan, Dr. E. B O'Connor, William D O'Hara Col. Theodore Read, Thomas Bv^hanan Reid, Capt. Mayne Ryan, Rev. Abram J Badlier, Mrs. J Savage, John, L L. D Shea, JohnD. G Walsh. Robert, L L. D Warden. David B Wilde, Richard H D.1860 1866 1860 1860 1861 1870 1860 1846 1860 1880 1880 1870 1880 1880 18.10 1840 1840 ACTORS AND AUTHORS. DHAHAnO AND MUSICAL. Barretli Lawrence P a.d.1887 Boucic^Ult, Dion 1822 Brougham, John 1810 Burko, John Doly 1797 Campbell, Bartley 1848 Cooke, George Inrederick 1866 Daly, Augustin 1888 Finn, Henry J 1790 Olbaoro, Patricks. 1830 Hackett, James Henry. i.t>. 1800 Heron» Matilda 1880 Jefferson. Joseph 1820 Logan, Cornelfus A 1800 Lo^rain, Olive (Mrs. Sykes). ... 188 1> McOuUough. John 1884 Whelley, William H 186 1 Williams, Barney ^. . . . 1860 ;t; db ' f oAbonolooxoaXi nn>Bx of oontbhts. .)a.d.1780 1780 ) 1800 .) 1760 ) 1875 1870 1800 1820 ,) 1860 1866 ) 1860 ,AJ>.1880 1860 1880 I860 1840 1776 1885 1861 1880 1780 1880 1860 1860 1860 1860 1775 ARTISTS. PAIKTBB8, GKnTLPrOBS, KTO. , John Singleton a.d.1760 Ingham, Charles .a.d.1800 1814 Inman, Henry 1820 1820 Moran.Thomas 1880 1870 Muntky, Charles .... 1884 1820 Neagle, John 1080 1818 Pelham, Henry 1770 Read, Thomas Buchanan 1860 Copley, Orawfo Orawiord, Thom&s Greatorez. Eliza Oreatorez, Kate and Eleanor. . Hainilton, James Healy. George P. A Henneasey, William J 1889 MISCELLANEOUS. Boneparte, Mrs. Elizabeth Pat-A.D. terson 1786 Brown, John A 1778 Brown. Sir William 1784 Callamore, John 1716 Gaines. Mrs. Gen. (Myra Clark) 1806 Haugherty , Margaret 1840 Hick, Barbara 1780 Hone, Philip 1800 Jackson. Patrick Tracy 1780 Johnston, John 1796 Eelley. William 1880 Kelso, Thomas 1800 McDonough, John ▲.D.1880 1884 1860 1870 1860 1800 1870 1884 1880 1870 1860 1880 1860 Mackey. John W. Morrissey, John O'Brien, Williams... O'Fallon, John O'Hara, James Reilly. Charles Yal. . . Sloan, Samuel Smith, Richard Stewart, Alexander T. Stewart, William Stuart. George Hay . . Wilson, John CANADA. .D.1860 1866 1860 1860 1861 1870 1860 1846 1860 1880 1880 1870 1880 1880 18:»0 1840 1840 L.b.lSOO 1880 1820 1800 188 1 1884 1861 1860 STATESMEN, SOLDIERS AND LA"WYER& Aiken, Hon. James Cox a.d.1840 AUeyn, Charles 1817 Anglin, Sir Timothy W 1848 Ardiibald, Cyril 1880 Aylmer. Gen, Lord Mathew. . 1776 Baldwin. Col 1790 Baldwhi, Hon. Robert 1804 Baldwin. Dr. William 1776 Blake, Hon. Edward 1880 Blake, William Hump 1820 Blake, Samuel Hume 1886 Bellingham, Sidney R 1808 Bunster, Hon. Arthur 1888 Glaxton, Hon. William 1810 Cochrane, James 1802 Cochran, Thomas 1777 Cochran, Sir Thomas 1800 Costigan, John 1886 Crawford, Hon. George 1860 Oreelman, Samuel 1860 Doherty, Judge 18 iO Drummond, Judge L. T 184(i Dunbar, Georse 1860 Dunn, Hon. Thomas 18i)6 EoolM,Coi 1786 SQolsi,Heniy 1885 Fitzdbbon, Col. James a.d.1780 Goodwin, Col. Henry 1820 Gowan, OgleR 1800 Handcock, Col. R. B 1812 Harrison, Judge 1888 Hidnbotham. Col. N 1880 Hill, Hon. P. C 1860 Hincks, Sir Francis 1821 Hogan, John Sheridan 1807 Holmes, Hon. Benjamin 1860 Johnston, Shr John 1774 Kavanagh, Lawrence ' 1 820 Kingsmill, Col 1860 McCarthy, Hon. Dalton 1880 McGee, Thomas D'Arcy 1860 Meredith, Hon. William R. . . . 1880 Monck, Lord Charles Stanley. 1861 Moss, Judge 1880 O'Brien, Col 1860 O'Donohoo, John 1884 O'RoiUy, James 1860 Patterson, Gov. Walter 1780 Power, Laurence Geoffrey. . . . 188 1 Ross, Hon. John 1860 Liowan, Gen. »ir William 1860 Bhanley. Walter 180S r f '*-. OPBONOIiOOICAL INDBX OF OOimHTS. Shaw, Hon. Jamen a.d.1840 Spence, Bobert 1865 Sullivan, Bobert Baldwin 1840 Waltei-8, Judge Charles. a.d.1875 Whelan. Hon. Edward 1860 WiOcodks, Joseph..... 1800 DIVINES. Bennett, James (Presb) A.D.1817 Briggs, Bev. William (M.E.).. 1880 Brisay, Bev. Theophilus, ^ot) 1764 Burke. Dr. Edmund (B. C.). . . 1758 Connolly, Most Bev. Thos. L. (B.C.)..... 1814 Coughlin, Lawrence (M. E.).. . 1760 Cronyn, Bt. Bev. Dr. (Epis). . . 1840 Fuller, Bt Bev. Tho's B.(Epis.)A.D.1810 Lewis, John T. (Epis.) "" Lynch, Archbii^op (R. C.)... McMurray, Dr. William ^pis.) Potts, Bev. John (M. E.) Bobb, Dr. John G. (Presb.). . . Stafford, Bev. William (B. C.) 1860 1870 1870 1880 1876 1876 MISCELLANEOUS. Armstrong. William. Devine, Thomas Hanlon, Edward Hingston, Dr. William..., Kane, Paul (Art) Leprohon, Mrs. R. E. M. . . Lett, William Pittman . . . Lovell, John McCaiToU, James MoCaul, Dr. John, LL.D.. , .A.D.1832 1860 1880 1865 1850 1860 1860 1880 1880 1810 O'Brien, Dr. Lucius a.d.1887 O'Brien, Lucius (Art) 1870 Beade, John 1S80 Sadlier, Mrs. J 1860 Shanley, Walter 1868 Sparks, Nicholas 1860 Spence, Bobert 1860 Stephens, W. A 1860 Watson, Samuel J 1870 White, Thomas 1870 South America and Australia* DIVINES, SOLDIERS, STATESMEN AND LAWYERS. Barry, SirBedmond. Field, Padre a.d.1660 Gage, Rev. Thomas 1626 Lynch. Gen. Don Patrick 1884 MacKenna. Gen 1814 O'Brien, Gen 1817 CELEBRATED FEMALES. OF BOTH HBMIBPHBRB8. A.D.1818 Duffy, Sir Charles Gavin 1850 Gray, Wilson I860 O'Shanassy, Sir John 188o Abington, Frances. a.d.1785 Adams, Mrs. L. B 1860 Blake, EHzabetb 1780 Blessington. Countess of 1789 Bonaparte, Elizabeth Patterson 1800 Brooke, Frances 1880 Bronte, Anna 1840 Bronte, Charlotte 1840 Bronte. Emily 1840 Brown, Frances 1818 Brown, Henriette 1820 Browne, Mary Ann 1812 Buchanan. Margaret 1880 Clive, Mrs. Catharine 1710 Cobbe, Frances Power 1828 Costello, Louisa 1816 Croly, Jenny Cunningham. . . . 1840 CuBsack, Mary (Sister Clare). . 1880 Darner, Anne Seymom 1748 Duiany, Mary 1680 Derby, Countess of (Eliza Far- ren) 1776 Edgeworth, Maria 1767 Fariey, Harriet 1840 Faucit, Helen a.d.1816 Gaines. Mrs. Gen. (Myra Clark) 1860 Greatorex, Eliza 1820 Greatorex, Eleanor 1810 Hall, Mrs. Anna M 1810 Hamilton, Elizabeth 1760 Haugherty, Margaret 1880 Hicks, Barbara 1780 Jameson, Mrs. Anna 1707 Jordan, Mrs. Dorothy 1788 Eavanagh, Julia 1860 Eeary, Annie 1860 Monck, Mary MoleswcM'th 1700 Morgan, Laay Sydney 1820 Motte, Rebecca 1776 Norton, Hon. Caroline E 1860 O'Nell, Eliza 1840 Boche, Begina Maria 1800 Sadlier, Mrs. J 1870 Sheridan, Frances 1780 Sheridan, Helen Salina 1860 Stuart, Mary 1684 Tighe, Mary Blatchford. ..... 1800 Wellealey, MarchioiMaa of . . . . 1840 !iii,'«i«ii ftlMMM ...A.D.1875 1860 1800 >is.)A.D.1810 ... 1860 1870 (is.) 1870 1880 1876 0.) 1876 .A.D.1887 1870 1S80 1860 1868 1860 1860 1860 1870 1870 YERS. ..▲.D.1818 1860 1860 1880 A. D. 1810 k) 1860 1820 1810 1810 1760 1880 1780 1707 1788 1860 1860 1700 1820 1776 1860 1840 1800 1870 1780 1860 1624 1800 1. 1840 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE X. DANIEL O'CONNELL, HENRY GRATTAN, JOHN P. CURRAN. HENRY FLOOD, LORD E. FITZGERALD. PLATE a. JAMES MADISON, JAMES MONROE, JAMES K. POLK. JAMES BUCHANAN. PLATE 3. ANDREW JACKSON, BENJAMIN H. HILL, JAMES F. MALINE, HENRY GILES. JOHN W. MACKEY. PLATE 4. DUKE OF WELLINGTON, GEORGE CANNING, LORD CASTLEREAGH. CHARLES KENDAL BUSHE, WM, C. PLUNKET. PLATE 5. JOHN C. CALHOUN, LEWIS CASS. ROBERT Y. HAYNE, , JOHN A. LOGAN. PLATE 6. OLIVER GOLDSMITH, JONATHAN SWIFT, ROBERT BOYLE, LAURENCE STERNE, SIR RICHARD STEELE. PLATE 7. RICHARD LALOR SHBIL, THOMAS MOORE, JOHN MARTIN, DR. D. W. CAHILL, WM. SMITH O'BRIEN. PLATE 8. MOST RET. JOHN HUGHE8, RIGHT R'jiV. TH08. FOLEY. PLATE g. THOMAS F. MEAGHER, ROBERT EMMET, NAPPER TANDY, JOHN MITCHEL, T. D. McGEE. PLATE xo. RIGHT REV. DR. DOYLE, FATHER MATHEW, GERALD GRIFFIN, D. P. McCarthy, CHARLES GAVi2i DUFFY. PLATE XI. DeWITT CLINTON. JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY, J. GILMARY SHEA, MATHEW CAREY. PLATE xa. MOST REV. JOHN MoHALE, FATHER THOMAS N. BURKE PLATE X3. ABRAHAM COLLES, GEN. J. HELY HUTCHINSON, J. FITZQIBBON, (ClaAb.) DR. PATRICK DUIGENAN, JOHN HOGAN. PLATE X4. CHARLES CARROLL, . AUBREY DbVERE, Dr. E. B. O'CALLAGHAN, BENJAMIN RUSH. PLATE xs. RIGHT REV. R. V. WHELAN, MOST REV. J. B. PUROELL, REV. JOHN Mcelroy, VERY REV. JOHN MoCLOSKY ILLirBTB^TIONS. PLATE x6. RIGHT REV. JOHN ENGLAND, JRIGHT. JIEV. P, N. LYNCH. PLATE If. CATHARINE McAULEY. CARDINAL McCLOSKEY. RT. REV. THOS. L. CONNOLLY, MARGARET M. HALLMAN. PLATE i8. CHARLES STEWART PARNELL, EUGENE O'CURRY, LORD O'HAGAN. JOHN O'DONOVAN, WOLFE TONE. PLATE ig. CHESTER A. ARTHUR, CHARLES THOMPSON, DAVID RAMSAY, REBECCA MOTTE. PLATE, ao. COMMODORE BARRY, GOV. GEORGE CLINTON. PLATE ai. CAPT. SAMUEL BRADY. CARDINAL PAUL CULLEN, REV. WALTER ELLIOTT, ROBERT FULTON. PLATE aa. CARDINAL WISEMAN, DR. CHARLES W. RUSSELL. PLATE 83. VERY REV. P E. MORIARTY, MOST REV. JOHN CARROLL, MOST REV. F. P. KENRICK. REV. JOHN O'BRIEN PLATE 34. GEN. LORD WOLSELEY, FIELD MARSHAL McMAHON. mm. , .■■■ '■■'<. }y\ BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS OF IRISH CELTS. :m ABB. ABBADIE, ANTOINE and AR- NOLD MICHAEL, celebrated French NaturalistB, were of Irish extraction. They visited Abyssinia in 1886, and Sent many years in exploring that and e adjacent kingdoms, and published an account of their explorauons, dis- coveries and observations, on thdr re- turn to Paris. They read papers before the Paris QeograpMcal Society on the sources of the Nue and other kindred subjects, and were held in high esteem for the solidity of their scientific ac- quirements. ABERNETHY, REV. JOHN, an eminent Irish dissenting minister, bom at Coleraine in 1680. After completing his studies he was installed into the ministry at Antrim, where he remain- ed till 1780, when he removed to Dub- lin. He was a noted contioversialist and a prolific writer. His works were held in high estimation by his brethren. He died in 1740. ABERNATHY, JOHN A., a cele- brated surgeon, was bom in Ireland, about 1768, was educated partly there and partly in London, and became a pupil of John Hunter, one of the great- est anatomists of the age. He soon rivalled his master in knowledge of the hunum system, and ho applied his knowledge with gi*eat success to £be V ABE. treatment of disease, overturning many of the theories of the profession, and establishing ones more consistent with the functions of tiie various parts of the human system. He was greatly admir- ed by his pupils, but his brusqueness of manner, and bitter contempt of the em« pirical practices of &e prof esMon gen erally, in his day, made nim many en- emies. He became at an early age sur- geon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and lectured in its medical schools. He left important works on Physiology and Surgery, and the treatment of various dishes. His greatest merit was, how< ever, in pointing out the true road to advance the profession and give it the character of a trae science. He might properly be called the father %t the moaem (allopathic) school of medicine. He died in m. ABINOTON, FRANCES, nee BAR- TON, a celebrated actress, was bom about 1780, of Irish parents, her father being a soldier in the English service. She supported herself as a child by mn- ning errands. Being bright and witty, she attracted attention, and entered on her stage career under Cibber, in 1775. Sho immediately took an honor- able position, and the next year appear- ed at Dmry Lane, when, uter a short engagement, she went to Dublin, where she was enthusiastically received by her ACT IBISH CELTS. ADA countrymen. Here she remained near- ly two years, when she again returned to England, and drew crowded houses atDrury Lane, where she appeared with Oarrick, who gi'eatly admired her. She was constantly engaged there for many years, and was unrivalled, especially in comic and lively parts. She died in 1815, ACTON, JOHN, a celebrated states- man of Naples, bom in 1881. He was the son of an expatriated Irish physi- cian, who settled in Besancon early in 1700. After completing his education, he devoted himself to politics, and the science of government, and rose by his native talent and commanding ability and energy of character to bs prime minister. He was a bitter opponent of the French Revolution, and of the am- bitious designs of Napoleon. The mis- fortunes of his coimtry probably hast- ened his death, which occurred in 1808. ADAIR, ROBERT, of Holybrook, In the County of Wicklow, was aescend- ed from Robert, elder sou of the fourth earl of L'ildare, who, in a family quar- rel, killed in single combat "The White Enight," son of Gerald, Earl of Des- mond, at a place called the Ford of Ath-dare, in the County of Limerick. He made his escape to Scotland, in the reign of Robert Bruce, and then took the name of Ath-dair, or Adah*. The family assumed the title of Laird of Kinhilt, in Qalloway. The principal part of the family returned to Ireland b 1580. Robert Adair, of Holybrook, from whom Sir George Hudson, the present proprietor, is lineally descended 18 the "Robin" of the song set tc the muisic of the old Irish air "Aileea Aroon." He was remarkable for his convivial habits, as memorials of which two claret goblets of mighty propor- tions, yet exist at Holybrook, and the recollection of his musical tastes is still preserved in an Irish harp, of rude workmanship but graceful proportions, which bears his name. He died in 1787. ADAMNAN, ST., a holy and learoed Irish Abbot, successor to St. Columblrill, was of kingly extraction, bom about A. D. 680, in the Province of Ulster, and early imbibed that love of virtue and learning which afterwards distin- guished him. While yet comparatively young, he withdrew from the world and with five companions sought a lonely and deserted rock, where they ^ve themselves to study, contempla- tion and prayer. • He afterwards be- came a monk in the abbey of lona, and about 679 succeeded as abbot. He be- came the spiritual guide of Finnachta, the Monarch, and exercised a powerful influence in promoting good works and preventing evil ones. Aldfrid, the Northumbrian Prince, after being dis- possessed by his brother Egf rid, a war- like and ambitious prince, took refuge for a while in his monastery of lona, and became his warm friend. After- the defeat and destmction of his brother Egfrid and his forces, by the Scots, (Irish) and Picts, Aldfrid return- ed to his kingdom, and our saint through his iimuence with him, re- claimed many Celtic of Scotic captives who had been taken and enslaved by Egfrid in his excursions. Our saint was ah indefatigable worker, and wrote several works, one being a de- scription of the holy places of Jerusar lem, besides interesting sketches of Damascus, Constantinople and ad- joining places which he compiled from the narrative of a Gallish Bishop named Arculfe. The venerable Bede refers to the incident, thus : " Arculfe was driven by a violent storm on the westem coast of Britain, and at length came to the aforesaid servant of Christ, Adamnan, who, finding him well versed in the Scriptures, anaof great knowl- edge of the Holy Land, joyfully enter- tained him, and with much pleasure hearkened to what he said, iiuomuch that everything he affirmed to have seen in those holy places, he coimnitted to writing, and composed a book profit- able to many, una especially to those living far from thooe places, where the Patrinr'^h and Apostles resided and eould get knowledge of only from books. Adamnan presented this book to King Aldfrid, by whose bounty it fell into the hands of more inferior people to read." He also wrote a lijfe of St. Columbkill, who was his relative, and also an account of his prophecies. St. Adamnan not only govemra the Abbey of lona, but also one at Raphoe, which he himself founded. He conformed to the Roman custom of keeping Easter, which was different from that intro- duced by St. Patrick, and followed by the Irish monks and prelates. Although mmmtm mt ADA ntlBH CELTS. AIL he succeeded in having it followed at Baphoe, the monks of i.ona -would not depart from tha custom of their prede- cessors. He governed lona for thirty years and died in 704. His remains were taken to Ireland in 727, but after a few years were returned to lona. ADAMS, MRS. L. B., a talented writer in prose and verse, whose maiden name was Bryan, was bom of Irish parents in New York in 1818, and came with them to Michigan when but an infant. She taught school for a while, but afterwards became a writer for the Sress, contributing regularly t© the [ichigan Farmer, and Detroit Adver- tiser, file f orlner of which she edited for some time, first as associate to B. F. Johnstone, and was a valued corres- pondent of the N. Y. Tribune. She is the author of some exquisite little poems, and was a writer of much grace and finish. She died in Washington in inl870. ADBAIN, ROBEBT, a celebrated Irish patriot, mathematician and scholar, was bom in Ireland in 1775, received his education in Dublin, and became one of the United Irishmen. He had to flee his country, and came to the United States about the same time as Thomas Addis Emmet. He shortly afterwards was offered the chair of mathematics in Columbia College, which he accepted, and subsequently he accepted that of Butger's, New Jer- sey. He is the author of some able scientific works, and was probably the ablest mathematician of his day in America. He died in 1848. AIDEN, a King of Ireland, who suc- cee'i ed Donchad, In the year 797. Dur- ing nis reign, the Danes poured into the country numerous powerful armies, which our king fret^uently repulsed, although not without great loss, and much min and devastation. After a reign of twenty-two years, full of heroic effort and struggle, he was at length killed at the battle of Da Fearta, about 820. AIKENS, HON. JAS. COX, a prominent Canadian statesman, was son of an Irish emigrant, and received his education at Victoria College, Cobourg. He first gave his attention to farming, but his talents and natural abilities soon led him into public life, and in 1857 was elected to represent Peel, in Parliament. In 1862 he became a member of the Legislative Council, and in 1867, when confederation, which he advocated, was secured, he was called to the Senate, by Boyal proclamation. In 1869 he became a member of the McDonald government as Secretary of State, which position ne held till '73. He is a member of the Liberal party, and is looked upon as a politi- cian of broad views and solid abilities. AILBE, ST., a cotemporary of St. Patrick, and first bishop of Emly. He was already a missionary in Ireland at the time St. Patrick commenced his mission, and accordino; to some authors, even a bishop, but the date of his death seems to preclude the idea. He was more probably a disciple of Patrick, and what is more certain founded the see of Emly, and also a celebrated school at which many of the great lights of the Irish church were educated ; as St. Colman, St. Molua and others. He appears to have met, or was present with St. Patrick at Cashel, at the time of the conversion of ^ngus. King of Munster, and certainly acknowledged the authority of Patrick. He appears also to have had considerable inliuence with the king, for the abbot, Enna, desiring to get a certain isle named Ame, for the purpose of building a monastery on it, begged St. Ailbe to ask it for him, and it was given. It was afterwards celebrated for the sanc- tity of its religious. Our saint was called the Patrick of Munster, and ranked as an Archbishop. He was not only renowned for his great sanctity of life, but also for his wntiags and eloquence. He died at a great age about the year 620. AILERAN, suraamed the Wise, sometimes called Aireran, and also Erchan; a celebrated Irish schclar of the seventh century, and head of the great school of Clonard, in Meath. He was cotemporary of St. Fechin, and was a writer of great learning and authority. He wrote lives of Sts. Pat- rick, Bridget and Fechin, and an "Allegorical exposition of the gene- ology of Christ. This last work was published in 1667. He died, according to the annals of Ulster, in 665. ALB iBiBH onun. ALL i^XBIN, a famous Irish scholdr, who flourished in the eighth centuiy, and JTKL, oonspicu^ms in his age for wisdom, get7 and leaniing. He went to France company with his friend and coun- tryman Clement, and was greatly es- teemed by Charles the Oreat, or Charle- magne. Notker Balubus, a French wmer of that day, says, "They arrived in France in company with some BritlA merchants, and seeing the people crowd- ing about the mertmutts to buy their wares, Albin and Oldnent cried out, if anyone wants wisdom, let him come to us, we have it to sell." The King hearing of it, sent for them, and asked them what they wanted. They replied, convenient appointments, with food and raiment, to teach wisdom to ingenuous souls." The Emperor being impressed with their learning, gave them all they required, and afterwards sent Albin to Italy to spread learning amongst the people, asmgning him the Monastery of St. Augustm, near the present city of Pavia; uiat all who desired, might re- sort to him for instruction." There he remained teaching and preaching tiU his death. He is sometimes confounded with the English Alcuin. ALBUIN, ST., an Irish monk and misdoner, was bom about A. D. 700. Alter becoming noted for his learning and virtue in l£e schools of Erin, he left his country, says Trithemius, in 742, appeared in Thiuingia, Upper Sax- ony, when he converted great numbers to the Faith, and soon became famouf by his apostlic works. He was called to the See of Buraburgh, afterwards Paderbom, which he governed with great wisdom and success. Arnold Wion calls him the Apostle of the Thuringians. ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD, D. D., a celebrated American Presbyterian divine, was the son of William Alex- ander, who came from Ireland with his father's family in 1786, and settled in an Irish settlement in Pennsylvania, from whence they removed to Virginia, where our subject was bom in 1772. He received Ms education principally at the academy of Rev. Mr. Graham, and was licoiBod as a preacher in 1701. In 1796 he succeeded Dr. Jno. Blair as Pre- sident of Hampden Sydney College. In 1801 he went north, visiting New York and New England, and there married the daughter of Dr. Waddel the cele- brated blind preacher, mentioned so eloquently by mx. Wirt, who was also an Irishman. He removed to Philadd- phia in 1807, and in 1811 was elected professor of Theology in the Presbyte- rian seminary at Princeton, which posi- tion he retahied till his death. His works are numerous and held in high repute by his brethren. Among them " Outlines of the Evidences of Christi- anity," " EEistory of African Coloniza* tion," "History of the Isrselitish Na- tion," "Moral Science, "Biographies of Distinguished American Dmnea." He diedatPrincetonhi 1851, and left behind him sons, James, Waddel, and Joseph, A., equally distinguished as divines and scholars. ALLEYN. CHAS., a disthiguished Canadian le^lator, and son of the suc- ceeding naval officer, was bom in Coun- ty Cork, Ireland, hi 1817. He studied in Fermoy, Ireland, under Dr. Hinclu, father of Sir Francis Hincks, and also at Clongowes College, County Eildare. In 1884 he came with his father and family to Canada, and settled in Quebec, where he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced with great suc- cess. In 1864 he was elected Mayor of the city, and also to Parliament. In 1857 he was named a Q. C, and be- came a member of the Executive Coun- cil, as Com. of Public Works. The next vear under the Cartier administra- tion, ne was made Provincial Sec'y. He continued for many years to represent Quebec in Parliament, and was justly looked upon as one of the ablest and most honorable of Canadian statesmen. ALLEYN, RICHD, I., a gallant naval officer of the English service, was born in Cork, in 1783, and entered the navy in his thirteenth year. He distin- guished himself on various occasions, especially in the harbor of Muros, Spain, when even under the protection of bat- teries on shore, he cut out a French frig- ate moored in the harbor. On account of bioken health he was invalided, in 1834, with the rank of commander, and set- tled in Quebec with his family, some of whom are distinguished citizens of the Dominion to-day. ALLISON, PATRICK, D. D., a celebrated Presbyterian divine, was bom in the Irish settlement in Lancaster ATX IBI8H 0ELT8. ALT County, Pennsylvania, in 1740, gradu- ated at the Philadelphia College, and entered the Presbyterian minist^atthe age of twenty-two. His life was prin- <^ally spent in Baltimore, where he was hSd m mgh esteem for his learning and eloquence. He died in 1802. ALLISON, FRANCIS, D. D., one of the first sdiolars of America in his day, and vice-provost of the Philadelphia College, was bom in Ireland, in 1705, and received his education in Dublin and Olasgow. He came to America at an early day, and settled in Pennsyl- vania. He may truly be called, one of the fathers of American :^holdX8hip. He edu<~iited many of the most distin- guished men of the revolution, who very wide range of scientific subjects, and are rated as ot the first merit. ARBOGAST, ST., a learned and Eious hermit missionary of Alsace, was om in Ireland about A. D. 600. He became a monk and missionary, traveled to the continent and preached the gos- pel along the Rhine, in France and Ger- many. He converted many pagans, built an oratory, according to Gaspard Bruchius within the confines of the present City of Hagueneau, where he devoted himself to prayer and fasting ; but often left his retreat to preach Christ crucified to the idolatrous tribes around. King Dagobert had him ap- pointed Bishop of Strasburg in 646, which See he ruled with great zeal and success for twelve years. In his great humility he strove to imitate his Divine Master, and requested that he be inter- red at the place of public execution. Mount Michel, out of his desire to imi- tate the debasement of his Divino Model. There, afterwards, a great monastery was built, and called after him, and around it grew the present city, and its great church. He com- posed a book of homilies, and commen- taries on the epistles of St. Paul. ARMSTRONG, GiiN. JAMES, a Strict of the Revolution, was bom of sh parentage about 1740, and distin- guished himself at an early age, in the uidian wars on the borders of Pennsyl- vania. He early advocated resistance to British Tyranny, and commanded a regiment at the breaking out of the war. In 1776 he was made a Brigadier General, and distinguished himself at Fort Moultry, and at Germantown. In 1777, he resigned his commi&diqn on ac- count of dissatisfaction as to Iiis rank and promotion. Subsequently he was elected to Congress, and held other positions of honor and tmst. ![Ie died at Carlisle, Penn., March 14, 1795. ARMSTRONG, JOHN, a patriot of the Revolution, and brother of the fore- going, was bom in Carlisle, Penn., Nov. 26, 1746. He entered the ranks of the patriots at the breaking out of the war, and served with bravery and dis- tinction. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to '87, m ARC IBIBB CELTS. ART and was the author of the celebrated Newburgh letters, settinc forth the Sievances of the army officers, about e close of the war. He was Adjutant Gen. and Secretary of State of Fenn- sylvania and commanded the State forces during the Wyoming troubles. He was U. 8. senator from 1800 to 1804, when he resigned, and accepted Uie French Embassy, and was also com- missioner plenipotentiary to Spain. At the breaking out of the war of 1813, he was appointed a Brigadier General and in 1818, Secretary of War. He was blamed for the exposed condition of Washington, which led to its capture and burning, and in consequence re- signed. He appeared no more in pub- lic life, but resided mostly at Red Hook, N. y., where he died, April 1st, 1843. He published a brief history of the war of 1812. ARCHIBALD, HON. CYRHi, a prominent Irish Canadian politician and statesman, who has succeeded by his native energy and talents, in ac- quiring a commanding position in the affairs of the Dominion. He now rep- lesents Stormont in the Parliament of his country, and exerts great influence and power. ARMSTRONG. WILLIAM, a tal- ented Canadian engineer and artist, was bom in DubUn in 1822, and studied en- gineering under Woodhouse. He emi- grated to Canada, and was engaged in many important public works. He had the honor of first introducing photogra- phy into Western Canada. His sketches of Lake Superior scenery are highly valued in Europe and exhibit conside- rable power ana skill. ARTHUR, CHESTER A., 19th presi- dent of the United States, an Ammcan statesman and politician of ability, was bom in Fairfield, Vermont, Oct. 6, 1830, and was the son of Irish parents. His father was a Baptist minister, who emigrated when a young man from County Antrim, Ireland, and was the author of a work on "Family Names." Chester was educated at Union College, N. T., where he graduated high in his class, in 1849. His father's means being limited, our subject had to aid himself by teaching while in college, and for two years afterwards, being for a time principal of an academy in Vermont. Having determined to adopt the law as a profession, he in the meantime pur- sued his studies, and having by close economy saved a few hundred dollars, he went to N. T., and entered the law office of Judge E. D. Culver. After being admitted to the bar, he formed a partnership with Henry D. Gtardner, a young man like himself. They flist made a tour west for the purpose of settling in some promising town, but findine nothing so attractive as N. T. city, they returned and went to work in earnest and soon acquired a fair share of practice. Mr. Arthiu:, about this time, married the daughter of Lieut. Heradon, of the U. S. Navy. In 1852 Mr. Arthur was associated with Wm. M. Evarts in the great Lemmons slave case. One Jonathan Lemmons, of Vir- gina, on his way to Texas, with eight slaves, attempted to take tiiem by the way of N. Y., and was there with them awaiting transportation, when they were released under a writ of habeas corpus ; the Court holding that thev could not be held in servitude in N. Y. nor returned to it in the south under the Fugitive Slave law. It was carried to the Supreme Court of the U. S. Chas. O'Connor appeared in behalf of the State of Virginia, who took up the case, and the decision was there confirmed. Mr. Arthur also took up the case of Lizzie Jennings, a colored girl, who had been ejected from a street car in N. Y. City, after paying her fare. He re- covered |600 damages, and thus put an end to disi'nctions of this kind in pub- lic vehicles. These prof essional victories brought him aiio public notice, and gave him popularity and infiuence with the Repubhcan party, then just struggling into power. Mr. Arthur had entered politics as a Henry Clay Whig, but he was a prominent delegate to the Sarato- go convention, which founded the Re- publican party in the State of N. Y. It may be easily conceived, that with such a prior record, he was prompt in com* ing to the support of the government on the breaking out of the Rebellion. He already was connected with the State Militia, and was Judge Advocate of the Second Brigade. At the breaking out of the war Gen. Arthur was chief engi- neer on Gov. Morgan's staff, and after- wards Inspector General, and then Quarter-master General of the military forces of the state, which position he held till the close of Gov. Morgan's ART IBIBH OBLTS. ART term, 1868. He discharged the various duties of his office, in equipping, sup- plying and forwardiag the great quota of K. T. troops to the seat of war 'with marked ability and success, and such was his care, in making close supervision over contracts, that all his accounts were allowed at Washington without any deduction, although it were otherwise as a gen«iral rule. And jdthough he made imn.ense contracts, which a slight 'percentage on as a bonus, so often freely given by contrac- tors for the granting cl the contract, would have made him independently rich, yet so conscientiously was his du- ties^rformed, that not one cent stuck to his hands, and presents sent or offer- ed were rejected or returned. In 1860 he resumed his law practice, and soon acquired a lucrative business in collect- ing claims against the government. He al^ took an active interest in forward- ing and suggesting important measures and was for a time counsel for the Board of Tax Commissions. In 1871 he was appointed by Pres. Grant, Col- lector of Customs in N. Y., and was Te-ai>pointed in 1875. When in 1877 President Hayes promulgated his bun- combe order forbidding persons in the civU service from taking an active part in political management. Mr. Arthur as Chairman of the N. Y. City^ Re- publican Central committee, paid no attention to the order, and he was con- sequently suspended from ofBce July 1878. An attempt had previously been made to superceae him, but the nomi- nee of the President was not confirmed. Two special committees examined his official record, but could find no ground for censure, and both the President and Secretary of the Treasury in connection with his suspension admitted the purity of his official acts, and a petition for his re-instatement signed by the most •eminent men, of all classes, in N. Y. City, was suppressed by himself. He also showed by the records of his offl- •cial acts that the spirit of the civil ser- vice reform was acted upon under him in a manner not elsewhere practiced. On retiring from office, he again resum- od the practice of the law, and also took an active part in the politics of his state : supporting Mr. Cornell for Gov- ernor, and also favoring Gen. Grant for the Republican nomination to suc- ceed Hayes in 1880, and worked with Senator Conkling for that result. On the defeat of Grant, and the nomination of Garfield, Arthur was immediately nominated as a peace offering to the de- feated wing of the party. He took an active part in the canvass that followed acting as chairman of the N. i. Rep. Cent. Committee. He took his place as President of the Senate, at the ses- sion commencing the 4th of March, 1881, and filled the position with dig- nity and fairness, taking no direct part in the controversy between Pres. Gar- field, and Senator Conkling, as to the senatorial right of appointments to federal offices in the states. He how- ever took an active interest in trying to secure the return of Conkling, after his resignation, and went to Albany for that purpose. It was after this struggle that the infamous lunatic Guiteau ass- assinated the President. Arthur must have felt keenly the unfortunate posi- tion he was placed in, but he acted with great dignity and consideration during 9ie long struggle which ended with the death of Pres. Garfield. He was in N. Y. City at his own house at the time, and was telegraphed to by the Cabinet to repair to Long Branch as soon as possible. On the advice of a friend he took the oath of office at his own house the same night. It was administered by Judge Brady, (another Irish Amer- ican,) a Judge of the Supreme Court of N. Y., Sept. 20th, 1881. He repaired to Long Branch the same day, and ac- companied the body of Garfield to Wadiington, when he again took the oath of office from the Cmef Justice of the U. S., Sept. 22, and delivered a brief address. President Arthur's ad« ministration has not thus far been mark- ed by any very memorable events. The break in the par^, which led indirectly to the death of Garfield by the hands of a crazy politician, is not yet healed,and seems now to threaten the discomfiture of that party in the coming presidential content. President Arthur has thus far performed the duties of his great office m an independent and praiseworthy manner, and with general acceptance to the American people. . ARTHUR, TIMOTHY SHAY, a talented Irish American writer of fie- tion, was bom in 1809, and is the au- thor of many popular works of fiction which display much power and ability. ARTHUR REV. WILLIAM, a noted ASI JB3BB CELTS. ATK iii^i' ill Irish Methodist Clergyman, was bom in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1819. He received a thorough classical training, and made a specialty of Italian litera- ture. After entering the ministry, he went to India, where after three years kbor and being threatened with blind- ness, hu returned. In 1867 he was cho- sen principal of the Wesley College, Belfast, Ireland. In 1870, he was sent to England, and was honorable Secreta- Sof the Missionary Society of that urch. Ho is the author of several works. ASICUS, SAINT, a disciple of St. Patrick, and drst Bishop of Elphin. He appears to have been an artist, and skill- ed in working in gold. He early be- came a convert, and followed Patrick for bometime, increasing in grace and fervor. He possessed an extraordirkanr iroirit of self-denial, and Uved much like the first hermits, fasting and pray- ing ; living on berries and nerbs, and performing extraordinary fasts. He had a cell in the mountains of Slivd League, Donegal, where he often retired for penance and praver, and while there was directed by a heavenly messenger to join Patrick. He accompanied his master into Connaught, and assisted him in the work of converaion. Here St Patrick founded the church of Elphin and placed over it Asicus as its Bishop. Asicus died about 470 at Bathcurge in Tirconnel. ATKINSOIT. JOHN, an able and eloquent American lawyer and advo- cate, second to none which the bar of Michigan has as yet produced, was bom In Upper Canada, of Irish parents, May 24, 1841. He received his education partly at home, from his father, who was a surveyor, and partly at the Pub- lic Schools of Port Huron, Michigan, whither the family removed from Can- ada. His father dying when our sub- ject was quite young, ne was necessita- ted with his elder brothers to help and support the family. At the age of fif- teen he entered the law ofiice of Judge Mitchell of Port Huron, and five years afterwards the Law Department oi the University of Michigan, where he grad- uated after one session, being then in his twenty-first year. He immediately returned to Port Huron and formed a law partnerp^'ip with his late employer Judge Mitchell. The Rebellion at this I time was at its height, and at every ham- let was heard the martial drum calling to the defense of the Union. The charms of professional life, strong though they were, failed to tie him to the security of " Home Guard" and Up defense, when the integrity of the Union needed strong arms and brave hearts in the field. Out of this Irish family four sons volunteered for the defense of their adopted country, one of whom found a southern grave. Our subject started for the ' front' in August, 1862, as a captain in the 22nd Michigan Infantry, and soon distinguished himself by his bravery and soldierly conduct in the campaign in Kentucky and Tennes- see. In 1864 he rose to be Major of his regiment, and was called home to raise and organize the 80th Regiment of Michigan Infantry. When about seven companies were full, the urgency for men was so pressing that the authori- ties ordered forward all enli'-ted men, and those companies were aivided up, and consolidated with the 8rd and 4th Michigan Regiments then in the field, and which &d been reduced by death and sickness to less than half their num- bers. Col. Atkinson was assigned as Lieut. Col. of the Srd Reg't ana served gallantly at the head of that regiment in the campaigns in Tennessee, until the close of the, war. After the war his regiment was stationed in Texas, and he was Judge Advocate attached to the staff of Gen. Custer. In 1866 he W(u» mustered out of the service, and about thifi time gave a practical example of how the union of the sections ought to be cemented, by bringing home with him a southern wife. He returned ta his old home. Port Huron, ahd immedi- ately commenced the practice of his profession, and was also for a while collector of customs under Pres. John- son. In his profession he soon acquired an enviable reputation and secured a large and constantly increasing practice in me courts of Northern Michigan. In 1870 he removed to Detroit, opened an ofiice, and was shortly afterwards the Democratic candidate for Attorney Gen- eral of the State. There he formed a> law partnership with Gen. L. 8. Trow- bridge and was fast acquiring a leading practice in this metropolis of the State, when he for a time abandoned law, for journalism. He became principal own- er and editor of the Detroit Daily Ua> ion. Although the paper was conduct- ATK IBI8H CELTS. AYL ed with an unusual amoiuit of vim, power and vigor, it did not prove a financial success, and Col. Atkinson re- tired from the venture, not only bank- rupt in pui-se, but heavily involved, be- dctes creating not a few venomous ene- mies, by his caustic and aggressive style of journalism. He then returned to his first love with renewed energy, and quickly built up a reputation as a law- yer and advocate second to none at the Michigan Bar; and more admirable still, he wiped awav to the last dollar, the heavy liabilities which his journalistic venture left upon him ;although he might have cancelled them, without dishonor, by tiie provisions of the Bankrupt Act. As a lawyer. Col. Atkinson is equally well armed in every branch of his pro- fession, but it is more especially in the trial of a case, that he stands pre-emii^- ent, and may well rank among the very first of this or any other country; cool, watchful, quick to detect a flaw in law or fact, dexterous to the last de- gree and full of resources in an emer- gency, with an admirable clearness of statement, added to a singularly close analysis of all questions at issue, he could not try a case in any court, for the first time, without attracting the at- tention and winning the admiration of his professional brethren, by his won- derful combination of all the essential qualities which go to make a great and successful lawyer. As an advocate he is not less strong, for he crowns all those other qualities with an eloquence at once simple, earnest, impressive and pathetic, backed by an admirable com- mand of choice and forcible language, and armed too, like so many of his race, with a never failing supply of keen, sarcastic, penetrating wit, when the occasion calls for it. He has well earned the high position he holds at the Bar of Michigan, not more on account of his genius, than his indefatigable in- dustry, and uniform modesty and fair- ness in all his relations with his profes- sional brethren. In 1888 he formed a law partnership with his countryman Judge Marston, and his law practice is the most extensive of any in Michigan. O'BRIEN J. ATKINSON, his broth- er, is also an able lawyer, and ranks with the first of Northern Michigan. He was a prominent candidate for Judge of the Supreme Court of Mich- igan in 1888. He has a commanding practice in the upper portions of that State and resides at Port Huron. He is older than the Colonel. AYLMER, GEN. LORD MAT- THEW, a brave and able British sold- ier, and Gov. Gen. of Canada, was bom at Balrath, County of Meath, Ire- land, May 24, 1775, and succeeded to the family titles in 1785. He entered the army as ensign in '87, and first served in the West Indies ; and on his return there after leave of absence on account of sickness, he distinguished himself at the storming of Fort I'Acul, Port Au Prince, and other affairs. In 1791 he was promoted to a lieutenancy, and in '94 to a captaincy. In 1797, he was on Gen. Lcland's staff, and in '98 was taken prisoner with a company of grenadiers. In 1 799 he took part in the attack at the Haider and on the British lines. He next served with Gen. Lord Somerset, and in 1800 was made a ma- jor in the 85th. In 1805 he served un- der Lord Cathcart in Hanover and after- wards was at the siege of Copenhagen. In 1809 he was Assist, Adj. Gen. under Gen. Serbrooke in Portugal and in 1813 Dep. Adj. Gen. to the Army of the Pen- insula. In June 1813 he was made Maj. Gen. and served under Wellington; was present at the passage of the Dun and the battles of Talevera, Buosco, Fuentes d' Onor and Vittoria and the actions near Bayonne and was decorated with the order of the Bath and made Lt. Gen, In 1828 he was appointed Gov. Gen. of Canada, which position he held for five years, and was very popular. He died m London, Feb. 28, 1850. BABINGTON, WILLIAM, an emi- nent Physician and Scientist, was bom in Ireland, in 1757. After completing his education and receiv- ing his medical degree, he settled in England, where he soon became noted as one of the ablest scientists of his day. He was the principal promoter and founder of the Geological Society of London, and its first president. He died in 1888. « BAGLEY, COL. JAMES, a promi- nent Democratic politician of N. Y. City, and Col. of the celebrated 69th Regiment of New York Volunteers, which so distinffuished itself in the Re- bellion from 1862 to 1865. He was born in Ireland in 1822 and emigrated to America when comparatively young BAL IRISH CELTS. BAL «nd settled in N. Y. City where he be- •came noted for sterling qualities. He behaved gallantly during the war and made an honorable record. He died Dec. 21, 1876. BALDWIN, COL., a brave and cul- tivated soldier in the service of Britain, :and a man "sans peuret sans reproche," was born at Clohma, County Cork, and was a first cousin of Daniel O'Connell, and a nephew of Gen. Count O'Connell of France. He first entered the navy at the age of fourteen, but had to retire on account of health, and then entered the army. He served with honor and dis- tinction on the Peninsular, and took part in the battles of Talavera, Bir-aco, Fuentes, D'Onor, Badaioz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Neiva, Nevelle, Orthes, and Toulouse, during which he was several times wounded, and twice thrown from scaling ladders while leading storming parties. He afterwards served in the West Indies, but at len^ res gned on half pay on account of mactivity. He then raised a regiment at Cork, and en- tered the service of the Emperor of Bra- zil. He however soon |became disgusted with the mismanagement which char- acterized things, as well as the illtreat- ment to which the mer. were subjected. The government ordeing the regiment to the interior as settleib, Baldwin re- sisted, and demanded that they be dis- ^arged and sent home, if not treated as soldiers, which result he obtained. In 1888 he came to Canada and settled in the Gore of Toronto. In the troubles of '87 he raised a regiment for the defense of the frontier. He was for many years a magistrate but always refused, fees for his services. Like Cincinnatus, he tilled the soil for his bread. He died at Toronto, Dec. 14, 1861. He was a distant relative of Hon. Robert Baldwin, the Canadian statesman, whose policy he supported. BALDWIN, HON. ROBERT, one of the ablest of Canadian statesmen, was the son of Dr. Baldwin, a native of Cork, and Miss Willcox, his wife, also from the same old city, and was born in York, (Toronto,) 12th May, 1804. He received his education from his father, with whom he also studied law, He was admitted to the bar in 1825. «nd afterwards with his cousin, R. B. Sullivan, formed a law partnership with bla father, and the same year was elect- ed to Parliament. He early advocated a responsible government, and being de- feated after the dissolution of Parliament on the death of Geo. IV., he did not seek office again until the Union. His rational manly position, on this import- ant question of government was de- nounced by the fawners on power and authoriv, as revolutionary, and Bald- win did not sit in parliament for some time; but he did not cease advocating reform. In 1885 Baldwhi visited Eu- rope, and while in England he sought an interview with the Minister of the Col- onies, Lord Glenley, for the purpose of laying before the general government the position of affairs in Canada, the wants and aspirations of the people, and the necessity of meeting them on a rational and Constitutional basis. With that peculiar arrogance with which the English government ever treats the repre- sentatives of manly independence among its subjects, who may question the just- ness of its policy, he was refused an in- terview, but he came to be heard, and standing on the " ramparts" of thd boasted British Constitution, he inform- ed the government, that the Canadian people locally nurtiired in self govern- ment would not accept or submit to sham freedom in their general government, but would have only the solid fruits of the British Constitution which guaran- teed a government subject to the will of the people. On the advent of Sir Francis Head, Baldwin was urgently solicited by him to accept aplaceln the Executive Council. Bald win expressed his willingness, if a policy of responsible government was aaoptcd, but Head, while declining to initiate such, still desired that he should enter the govern- ment, and said that he would at least have a better chance to work out hia policy. Baldwin at length agreed, on condition that some of his friends hold- ing the same views were also given a Elac«, which was acceded to. Gov. Head owever pursued the old policy of ap- pointing to responsible positions and ordering important acts without con- sulting nis council, who were held re- sponsible for the same, or at least were supposed to bo, by the people. Baldwin infused into his associates, old and new. a just conception of their position, and its rights, and the result was that the pounnil, as a body, remonstrated in un- mistakable terms against a system in which the sworn c junsolors of govern* BAL nasH OBiiTS BAL ment were not consulted as to its inten- tions or designs. The result was a break, in whicii ue council resi^^ed. Mr. Baldwin while taking a prominent part in moulding the policy and acts of the people, did not again hold office until after the Act of the Union received the royal assent, and responsible govern- ment was apparently conceded. In 1841 we find mm a member of the gov- ernment of Lord ^denham, (Thomp- son,) as Solicitor General; R. B. Sulli- van and Dom. Daly, also being mem- bers. The election at this time was a very stormy one. Lower Canada was dissatisfied, and so were the Tories, and things generally were confounded and uncertam. Baldwin again resigned having lost confidence in the sincerity of the reform policy of the government. This act brought a storm of abuse from the toadies of the government, who always imagine that, the powers that be can do no wrong. Baldwin ably de- fended himself and received the sup- Sort of the House and the country, ydenham the Gk)v. Qen., died in 1841, and was succeeded by Sir Chas. Bagot. Parties became somewhat mixed dunng this time, but Baldwin remained the firm and unflinched advocate cf respon- sible government, and also of the rights of the Lower Province to a jiist and equitable share of the power and patron- age of Government; and his straight for- wurd, manly, "independent course, se- cured to him the confidence and sup- port of a large maj'^ritv of the people of both Provinces. Baldwin at length triumphed, and he was called by the new Gov. Gen. to form a government, which he did ia conjunction with La- fontaine. In 1848 Bagot died in Can- ada and was succeeded by Sir C. Metcalf , who struggled during his term of office to carb or crush the just aspirations of the Canadian people to a government in accordance with the views of the ma- jority. As might be supposed, a break soon occurred between the new Gov. Qen. and the Baldwin Ministry. Bald- win, who was a liberal, enlightened and able statesman, and who was attached to constitutional liberty, with the uncom- promising devotion of a true patriot, would accept nothing but the real arti- cle. The violation of those principles by the representatives of the crown, by acts, not words, brought matters to an issue, and Baldwin and nearly all his Msodates resigned, and the political horizon of Canada was covered witb. angry contending clouds. For nine months the Gov. Qen. was unable to> form a ministry. No reformers could consistently accept a place, and without them no ministry could cany a measure. At length however a " piebald" minis- try, as Baldwin termed it, was formed. Parliament was dissolved, and after a most exciting struggle in which it was claimed by the reformers that the re- turns had been tampered with by the government officer, a majority of two < vfca secured for the new combination. . It existed during a session without strength or character, and quickly earn- ed the contempt of those who were- induced to give it existence. Metcalf, at length disheartened by his unpleasant* surroundings, difficulties and disease, resigned in the winter of 1845, and Lord Cathcart acted as administrator. He was succeeded by Lord Elgin, who- arrived in Canada in 1847, and found a ministry without any assurance of sup- port. He tried to strengthen it by courting the Lower Canadians, but they remain^ faithful to their true friend, Baldwin, and Parliament was dissolved. The Baldwin party swept the country, and the principles of responsible govern- ment, advocated so ably and persistent- ly by Baldwin, and supported almost alone by Irish leaders, was at length triumphantly and permanently establish* ed. An act to make good the losses caused by the Rebellion of '87-8, in Lower Canada, now caused a howl of vituperation from the ultra loyal tories, who sought rather to oppress the French, than do them justice. Lord Elgin how- ever, supported by the Baldwin minis- try and party, carried the measure, but the consequence was that the Poi'lia- ment House in Montreal was sacked and burned, and the Gov. Gen. mobbed by bigots. Baldwin successfully and ably conducted the country through its most stormy period, maintaining a> consistent position on responsible gov- ernment and British connection, as op* posed to Tories, Independents and An- nexationists. In 1861 however a resolu* tion by the opposition to abolish the- Court of Chancery having been support- ed by a majority of the Upper Canadian members, Baldwin, who oelieved in a. "double majority — that is a majority from each of the Canadas— resigned— although the rest of the ministry (ud not, at that time. He did not again enter^ ^.---V', •-■^. ^.•'^::^^^^^c;:::-. BAL HUSH CELTS. BAN puUic life, but his able and disinterest- ed efforts in behalf of his country are still producing their beneficial effects, and he is better entitled than any Can- adian, past or present, to the lasting gratitude of his country. He died in 1850 universally lameuted. BALDWIN, DR. WM. WARREN, an able Canadian statesman, was bom at Knockmore, near Cork, Ireland, whence he emigrated with his father, Robert Baldwin, to Canada, in 1799. Our subject had already commenced the practice of his profession in his na- tive land, but the state of the country after the rebellion of '98 made liberty 80 insecure to any lover of his country who was prominent by his talents or influence, that the Baldwins preferred to cast their fortunes in the free wilds of Canada, rather than exist at the whim of the tyrant in the dear old land of their fathers. The father at first settled «n a farm with his family, but after Bonie yeais removed to (York) Toronto, where he remained till his death in 1816. Our subject settled himself in Toronto almost from the first, and com- menced the practice of his profession. He a'^ took up the study of the law, and soon built up a dual practice. In 1808 he marriea Miss Willcooks, an Irish girl from Cork, whose father bad been Mayor of that city prior to his coming to Canada. Dr. Baldwin grad- ually rose to prominence by his ability broad and liberal views, and the ener- gy and dcuision of his character. He became prominent in Parliament, and early drew the attention of the people to the anomalous condition of tnings, and agitated a constitutional basis and responsible government. He took a prominent pait in the political move- ments which led to, and shaped the present condition of Canada, and he left behind him a representative of rational government, abler and more powerful still, in his son, Hon. Rob't Baldwin. The Dr. died in Toronto in 1844. BALFB, MICHAEL WILLIAM, one of the ablest and most popular of lyrical dramatists, was bom in Dublin, ueland, 1808. He early developed ex- traordinary musical talents ; and at the age of seven years, he appeared in pub- lic, and played one of Vlotti's concertos for the violin, with great skill and ap- {ilaiue. At iha age of nine he wrote the ballad entitled "The Lover's Mis- take," which achieved great popularity, through the singing of Madame Vestns, and at sixteen he became conductor of the orchestra in Drury Lane Theatre, London. He is the author of the cele- brated English opera entitled "The Bo- hemian Girl," perhaps the sweetest and most popular of any yet written for the English sta^e, and which will probably never lose its hold on the admirers of this popular branch of the drama. He is also author of many other works of great merit. He died in 1870. BANIM, JOHN, a talented Irish novelist raid dramatist, was bom in Kilkenny, April 8, 1798, and early de- veloped literary tastes. He first went to Dublin to seek employment for his pen and was befriended by Shiel. In his 21st year he produced the famous trag- edy of Damon and Pythias, which was played at Covent Garden by Macready ana Eemble with brilliant success and established the reputation of the author. In 1825 in union with his brother Mich- ael, he produced "Tales by the O'Hara Family," which was followed by "The Bit of Writen," "Boyne Water, ** "The Denoimced," "The Nolans," "The Smugglers," and other popular tales, all illustrative of life, methods and laws, as seen and realized in Ireland. Banim, however, did not, secure from his writing the remuneration his talents deserved, and depressed by misfortune and want he died Aug. 1, 1842, in the prime of life. * BANIM, MICH'L, elder brother of the foregoing, was bora in Kilkenny, Aug., 1796, and was a writer of talent. Besides the works he assisted his broth- er in, he is the author of "The Croppy" "Father Connell," "Crohoore of Bill, hook," "The Ghost-hunter," "The Mayor of Wind<3fap/' and many other tales. As a writer he was less pleasing and dramatic than his brother, but pos- sessed an easy and natural et]rle, with no disposition to exaggerate. BARKER, ROBERT, inventor of the panorama, was bom in Kells, Ireland, about 1740, and was a miniature and portrait painter of merit. It was while Iracticlng his art tn Edinburgh, about 785, thatne conceived the idea of repre* senting landscane ^nd scener/ bv means of a moving picture. T>'.e iuea wm BAR nUBH CBLTS. BAB treated as chimerical by his cotempora- Ties, but he persevered, and ultimately accomplisheo what ma^ be considered as the triumph of pictorial illusion. In 1787 his first work was exhibited, and his exhibitions soon became very popu- lar. He died in 1806, after having real- ized a considerable fortune. BAI^TEY, JOSHUA, COMMO- DORE, a distinguished naval command- UT in the service of the United States, of Irish descent, was bom at Baltimore, Maiyland, in 1759. He was bred to the sea from childhood, and although only a mere boy at the breaking out of the re- volutionary war,he offered, hit -^rvices to his coimtry. He received the appoint- ment of Master's mate in the sloop of war Hornet, and distinguished himself through the war by his valor and enter- prise. Desirous of active service, he entered the French navy in 1795 with the rank of captain, but dissatisfied with its Inactivity, he resigned his command in 1800, and returned to America. At the breaking out of hostilities in 1812, he promptly offered his services again to his country, and was appointed to the command of the flotilla in defense of the Ohesapeake. In this impoi*tant position he displayed his usual activity, and suc- cessfully maintained the superiority of American seamanship and valor. In July, 1814 he was severely woiihded whue aiding in the land engagement near Blandensburg. in July, 1816 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Europe. He died at Pittsburg in 1818. BARNEWALL, ALEX., a dlstin- guished Irish cavalry officer, who went to France with Mountcashel's Brigade in 1691, and served with distinction in the reduction of Savoy, in the regi- ment of Clare. He participated In many important actions and earned a proud reputation in the French army, for dash and skiU. BARNEWELL, ROBERT Baron Trimlestown in the county of Meath, a physician and scholar of eminence, was bom in County Meath about 1700. After his preliminary studies he went to the continent to complete his education. He afterwards took up the study of me- dicine and pursued it with great suc- cess. He remained for many years in France in the study and practice of his profession, and acquired high standing. On his return to his estates in' Ireland he gave his services free to all who de- sired them. He died about 1785. BARNWELL, SIR JOHN, a dis- tinguished Irish lawyer, was bom in County Meath, about 1640, adopted the profession of law, and rose to eminence. He was one of the Barons of the Ex- checquerin 1688, and died about 1700. BARNWELL. SIR PATRICK, an able and learned lawyer of Dublin, was bom in Ireland about 1600. After completing his education he adopted the law as a profession and soon rose to eminence, was made solicitor general, and in 1650 Master of the RoUs. He died in 1562. BARRE, ISAAC, GLN., a gallant British soldier and an able, fearless and patriotic statesman and a friend of straggling America, was bom in Dub- lin in 1726. He received his education in the university of that city, and stu" died law at the Middle Temple in Lon- don, but did not practice. He entered the army,and was soon after ordered to Canada, and was in Wolf's command. His talents and abilities soon attracted the attention of that General, and he became his friend, and was by him pro- moted to the ranks of Lieut. Colonel. He took part in the storming of Quebec and was severely wounded, but was with Wolfe when he died. After the sur- render of Montreal, he was appointed bearer of dispatches from Gen. Am- herst to Lord Chatham. In 1761 he was elected to Parliament for the borough of Chipping Wycomb imder the patron- age of the Earl of Shelbume and signa- lized his advent into the House by a personal attack on the Earl of Chatham then in opposition, which was as bold as it was unexpected. His regiment was disbanded in 1768, and he received the appointment of Adjutant General of the Forces and Governor of Stirling Castle, but at the end cf the same year he was removed from his appointments, having had the independence to vote against ministerial measures which did not receive his assent. In 1766 he op- posed the American stamp act and made a powerful and eloquent appeal to the House in defense of the colonies. In 1766 under the second administration . of Chatham, Col. Barre was appointed one of the Vice Treasurers to Ireland I JM • > • A* BAB IBI8.T CELTS. BAB and a member of the Privy Council. On disciusing the question of reporting Parliamentary debates Barre with his us- ual independence opposed theministiy, denounced in the sharpest terms the corruptions then existing and held up the corrupt members to the scorn cf honert men. He then left the House and '*alled upon all honest men who loved country and purity more than party to follow him. Throughout the adnunistration of Lord North, Barre continued the warm friend and ad- vocate of the coloiales, and brought on himself a kind of odium by his bold sentiments and expressions of admira- tion at their heroic stand. On the fall of theNorthministry,Lord Shelbume be- came Secretary of State for foreign af- fairs and Barre became Treasurer of the Navy, and on Shelbume becoming pre- mier he was advanced to the poatof Paymaster of the Forces. He reared in 1738 receiving for his services a pension of £8,200 per annum. He remiuned in Parliament till 1700, a terror to corrup- tionists.when loss of sight, the result of a wound received at Quebec, compel- led him to retire. The letters of Junius have been imputed to him, but whether he wrote them or not, certainly the House of Parliament never held a more incorruptable patriot, or a more success- ful exposer and scathing denunciator of jobbery and corruption, than this fearless friend of the then struggling colonies of America. BABON, HOLAND, an Irish divine, was of the noble family of the Fitzger- alds of Kilkenny, and was archbinnop of Cashel, which he ruled with great wisdom and prudence, in troublesome times. He died in the first year of Elizabeth's reign, and before her extei^ minating policy had commenced in Ire- laud, 1561. . BARRET, GEORGE, an isminent landscape painter, was bom in Dublin, about 172o, and by his own unaided exertions early acquired a reputation as an artist of merit. He gaiiujd prizes from both the Dublin and London so- cieties of art. British art and ortists owe him a debt of gratitude, for it was ~ dcly through his exertions, pluck and {Hirseverance that the Royal Aca- demy was established. He died in the year 1784. It is thus, as in innumer- able cases* that England owes to the genius of the Iribh Celt, works that re> dound to her glory and fame. BARROT, ODILLION. a celebrated French lawyer and statesman, was of Irish descent, bom at Yillefort in 1791. He took a prominent part in th*^ rerolu- tion of 1880, and was one of the Uireft conimissioDers appointed by the proid- sional government to accompany Charles X to CLerboi^, on his embu-k- ation for England. When Louis Phil- ippe called upon Thiers to form a new ministry, Barrot, was appointed itapre* sident. He was also prominent among the statesmen of republican tendencies,, at the fall of Louis Philippe; and was for a time a minister, imder the presi- dency of Louis Napoleon. He remidn- edin office till 18S1 when herethred from pnblic life. He died in the year 1878. BARRETT, COMMODORE, adls- tinguished American naval officer, waa the so? of Irish parents, and was bom in New Orleans about 1828. He enlisted in the xmvy when only thirteen, served in vsurious parts of the world and so distinguished himself by liis in- telligence and good conduct that he waa ordered to the naval academy at the age of eighteen where he graduated August, 1846. He was first assigned to duty on the golf squadron, and was present at the bombardment of Vera Cruz being stationed on the blockading ship John Adams. He had command of the ambulance corps operating with the naval battery which was mounted for service in the field on the advance to the city of Mexico, and par- ticipated in the battle of Alvorado. In 1848 he was sent to tho African coast in command of the Jamostown, and in 1854 was flag lieutenant to Commodore' Buese. In 1861 he was appointed in- structor in gunnery and he organized the school s£up Savannah. In 1862 he was court martialed for disloyalty, but was honorably acquitted, and compli- mented f Qr his patriotic services. H» commanded the Massasoit in 1868, and in 1864 the iron clad Catskill with which he captured the Deer, the only prize captured by a monitor. He was in the first expedition that ascended the Yang-tse-ldang as far as Haukow. His was the first naval ship to test the jetties at the south pass, mouth of th» Mississippi. He died March, 1880. PLATS NO. 8. Jl TAMES MAI^SON. |2 JAMES MONROE. BAR IBIBH OBLTta. BAR BARRETT, LAWRENCE P., one of the most accomplished and scholarly of actors, was bom at Paterson N. J., April 4, 1837, of Irish parents. The family removed to Detroit «7hen Law- rence was about twelve years old, at which time he was a bright, manly, in- telligent ^oy, who had received, How- ever, but little school training. His father, who was a well-informed trades- man (tailor and cutter) of good address, ' was entirely without book education, a fact which he very singularlv took pride in, as if to show how intellixent a man might be without it, and in his case it certainly demonstrated a peculiar ca- pacity. Lawrence was eKtly sent out to make a living, and engaged in light call- ings, among them cash boy in a large diy goods house. It is said that an ex- hibiuon of his dramatic powers cost him his place, for he was caught by one of his employers mimicing his imperi- ous ways and immediately decapitated. B» was next engaged for a very brief time in the printing business, on the Daily Times, which was owned by "Ed.," afterwards Col. Sherlock, who fell ^llantly fighting at the head of the SthRegt. Mich. Vol. in the Great Re- bellion. Sherlock was also at this time proprietor of the Metropolitan Theater, ana our subject, who had a strong penchant for the stage,had now a chance to indulge it. Even at this time, al- though only about 14 years old, he seemed to have had fine conceptions of dranuitic characters, especially Shake- speare, as the writer remembers from hearing him "Spout." He soon trans- ferred his dunes from the printing office to the stage, first as an assistant to the scenic artist, and from that to tak- ing minor parts, although it is said that his first effort In a spcaldng part proved a failure from stage fright. Be that as it may he soon conquered it, and his -first local success was gained when he was about sixteen. It happened that Caroline Richings, who was then on , the stage starring with her father and veiy popular for a young actress by her di'amatic as well as vocal powers, was playing an engagement at the Metro- politan, Her father, who always sup- ported her and played the lover in ti^e society plays which they gave, was un- well, anq contrary to his usual custom on such occHsions, let young Barrett, probably on account of his youth and his gentlemanly bearing more than for ability he had as yet shown, take hifi place as Claude in the Lady of Lyons. Barrett proved equal to the emergency and carried the house by storm, sharing the honors with his charming and talented associate. From this time forward he became a leading support to the traveling stars, and played Romeo to the Juliet of Julia Dean, then per- haps the most popular of the American actresses. In 1856 or 7 he went east to seek employment and study his profes- sion in company 'with 90. elder brother, Joseph, who also had a penchant for the stage. He secured an engagement in Burton's Theater and played acceptably as a leading support in every branch of tJie drar" '^ . Aiter some time he paid a visit ' J scenes of his first dramatic effoi and with his brother Joseph secured a hall and announced a drama- tic reading. The result was that scarce- ly a dozen came, and Barrett, disgust- ed and hurt, shook the dust oi Detroit from his feet and for many years after- wards gave the city a wide berth. He then returned to the East and secured an engagement in the Howard Athen- aeum, Boston, where he became popu- lar as a leading support, and during all these years he was an ardent and inde- fatigable student. It seems unfortu- nate, however, that Barrett so early in life became acquainted with the stage, and in acquiring a passion for me drama imbibed with it false methods an(^ that stiff and stagey declamation \»ixi>jh may be tolerated when over- shadowed by the most intense dramatic power as in Forrest, but never other* wise, and even then greatly offends true taste. This style was the rage when Barrett first saw the stage, and it left its baleful results on the ardent and Impressible imagination of the charmed boy, that time, study, intense and honest endeavor seems never to have fully eradicated. Barrett was for- tunate at this early stage of his career in having been united to a very estimable and cultivated lady of Boston, who is said to have contributed largely in sus- taining and encouraging his high aspi- rations. He reems to have achieved his first marked success in the South and we find him very popular and high- ly rated in New Orleans and other southern cities before he gained his spurs as a star in the East. The war of the Rebellion saw him in the army as a captain in the 28th Mass. Vol. and ■til BAR XBISH CELTS. BMl ■CI n\h ill! i he Is said to haveacquited himself with credit in many desperate battles. After the war he tned Iiis fortunes in Califor- nia, and in conjunction with John Mc- Gullough he made a brilliant and suc- ces^ul tour of the state, playing to crowded houses, and everywhere received with imbounded applause. In 1869 he visited England, and appeared in Liverpool, but did not "draw" and cancelling his engagement returned t« New York. About this time there hap- pened to be a number of distinguished actors in New T«ik City, including Booth, Barrett, Davenport, Lester Wal- lack and Montgomery, when a kind of Shakespearian carnival was given for about a week. The house was crowd- ed from pit to dome and perhaps never was Shakespeare played by a galaxy of such brilliant stars. On the opening night Barrett was by no means among the first hailed with loud demonstration of applause, but before the iVeek was out he had succeeded in establishing him- self, in the judgment of all,, as second only to their idol 1 and was greeted by the most universal applause. The New Tork critics, who had been slow here- tofore in according to him great en>i- nence in the profession, now admitted his magnificent powers, and freely allow- ed that in the rendition of some of Shakespeare's greatest creations he was equalled by few and excelled by none. From this time forward Barrett's posi- tion as a great tragic actor was conced- ed and he has pursued a brilliant and successful career, gaining in popularity and power down to the present time. In conjimction with Booth he gave a brilliant and succe .iul Shakespearian season in New York, alternating with Idm in all the great characters, and shar- ing with him equal praise and admira- tion. In the great Dramatic Festival in Cincinnati, in 1888, he appeared with his old California associate, McCul- lough, and shared with him the honors of the occasion. Barrett is an indefatigable and intensely earnest student, and what he is, he made himself by persistent and unceasing labor. He is not aided hy so magnificent a physique as Mc- CTuUough nor gifted, perhaps, naturally with so great dramatic talent, nor like him was he saved 'till his mind was somewhat mature from seductive but false and i>erverse stage methods and declamation, yet he has overcome all obstacles, and while competing with his great rival in intei^reting all the great creations of Shakespeare, he is held by many to be his supeiior in at least one. Besides he has earned & reputa- tion for scholarly parts, and has been a valued contributor to the dramatic liter- ature of the day. His life of Forrest is considered by the best critics as a model of the kind. He is still gaining in strength and naturalness and it is prob- able that when the vicious results of his too early stage impressions shall have entirely passed away, he will universally be accorded a place among the great- est of tragic actors. BARRINGTON, SIR JONAH, a distinguished Irish patriot, and Legisla- tor of 1783, and the friend and co-labor- er of Gratten, and his corn-patriots who so bravely and successfully secured Irish independence that year. In the early part of his career he held a gov- ernment position, and was rather non- committal. He became a member of the Irish Parliament and uniformally was foimd on the side of his coimtry, and its entire people. Catholics as well as Protestants. It was only, and alone the blind and fatal bigoliy against Catholics which characterizea many of those who worked and defended Irish autonomy that gave to the English government the fatal lever which eventu- ally overturned Irish independence. Barriagton was an officer of tlie Volun- teers and Commander of the Lawyers corps, which position he resigned, lest his sworn obedience as a soldier to a government which he too plainly saw was meditating its enslavement, would clash with his paramount duty to his country, its integrity, its mdepen- dence and its autonomy. In resign- ing he said, "I will never abet a plan which aims to make religious feuds a pretext for political slavery. Mechan- ical obedience is the duty of a soldier, but unflinching integrity that of a legis- lator. I feel it therefore my duty to separate those functions, when the pre- servation of my co'ontry may be the question." He had afterwaras to fly his countiy to save himself from the tyrant, ana he settled in France where he acquired honors and distinction. He there wrote the well-known work "Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation." He died in France at a good old age, full to the end of an abiding trust in the future of his country. BAR IKISn CELTS. BAR BARRY, DAVID, an able and po- litic Lord Justice of Ireland in the time of Henry III. A. D., 1267. He was of Norman Irish extraction and by his pru- dence, moderation and firmness he suc- ceeded in allaying for a time intestine ■wars which raged indiscriminately, amongst the Norman and Irish nobles. BARRY, JAMES, one of the greatest of modem painters, was bom in Cork, Ireland, Oct. 11th, 1741. His father was captain of a small coasting vessel, and when his boy was old enough to be of assistance, he was taken aboard to pursue for a living, the rough and dan- ferous paths which his father had trod eforehim. The boy however was a natural artist, and with a piece of chalk was continually sketching some design or figure to the great disgust of his more practical father. His sea faring duties were so disagreeable to him, that twice he ran away, and his father at length, allowed him to follow the bent of his fancy, under the care of, and at the en- treaty of his mother. He at this time acquired tbe foundation of his literary education, was an apt and good student, but far above all was his passion for drawing, and at the age of seventeen he drew and painted very correctly, with- out instruction or model of any kind. About this time he received some feir practical hints from an art-instructor, and by the year 1763 he had pro- duced in oU "A Dead Christ," "Sus- anna and the Elders," " Daniel in the Lion's Den," original compositions, be- sides innumerable drawings. In 1763 he came to Dublin with his paintings, intending to try his fortune there, and as there was about to be an exhibition under the auspices of the "Society for tiie Improvement of Useful Arts and Manufactures," to which native artists were invited to send their pictures, he determined to take advantage of it to introduce himself to the critical public of the Capital. The subject of the pic- ture which he exhibited was " St. Pa- trick Baptizing the King of Cashel." The picture attracted considerable no- tice, and he might be seen, a pock- pitted hard featured little fellow, prow- ling among the crowd before the pamting, listening to the praises and criticisms bestowed upon the work, with an eager himgry ear. One day at the exhibition a crowd was around the picture who were most flattering in their admiration and praises, and when one of them exclaimed, " Who can the artist be?" the excited Barry said, "I am; " but they, judging by hia anything but artistic appearance, made fun of him, and would not believe him. Barry was so mortified, that bursting into tears he rushed from the room. On coming to Dublin Barry brouglit with him a letter of introduction to Edmund Burke who was then acting as Secre- tary to William Gerard Hamilton. Burke was pleased with the young ar- tist, recognized in his pictures great abi- lity, and secured him admittance into the drawing school of the Society at which he exhibited. Burke who never suffered his interest in deserving talents of a friend to slacken, considered that a change to London would be advant- ageous to Barry sent him on there with his brother, Richard Burke, who was about leaving for that metropolis. This was early in 1765. After studying there a year. Sir. Joshua Reynolds advised him if possible to go to Rome, for the purpose of studying the masterpieces of art. Burke although far from wealthy placed at the disposal of his poor friend the necessary means, and fifty pounds per anncm while he remainea tiiere a student. Rome was to Barry a para- dise, and he revelled in the wonderful production of the great masters. His disposition was unfortunately such, that he did not probably profit as much as with his great genius and capacity he might have done, had he been other- wiM constituted. He was over sensi- tive perhaps from poverty, proud, iri- table, full of originality and the posi- tiveness of genius, ne haa a contempt of all authority, and a x)erfect hatred of the dogmatism of schools. Added to this he had an unyielding disposition and was combative to the last degree. It is not strange, therefore, that he was con- Vnually in trouble with both professors and feUoW pupils; which fact must have materially retarded and interfered with the progress of his studies. Bmke who was aware of his faults took oc- casion to advise him with a fatherly eamestness of the folly and ruin of such a course and wrote to him thus, " Again and again, my dear Bany must I insist that we must be at peace with our species, if not for thevr sakes, at least very much for our own." He retumed from Rome in 1770, and if not all that his abilities might have accomplished &- I ill BAB IRISH CELTS. BAR at least greatly improved and cultivated both in Uterature and art. He did not in those five years paint many finished pictures, but he was not idle. He stored liis mind with the beauties, and skilled his hand by innumerable sketches of the best work of the best masters. His conceptions of ait were of the heroic mould, and he beheld in the chef de ouvres of ancient art, the living realization of his hopes and aims. He sought to kindle in an unapprecia- tive age and people an admiration for true grandeur in art, and it was perhaps as much the initation arising from the hopelessness of such a task, as, an over sensitive spirit, full of the pride and positiveness of genius, which led him into almost ceaseless bickerings with his cotemporaries, and certainly must have interfered not only with the extent of his labors, but also with the grand pos- sibilities of a genius, great and indefati- gable as his undoubtedly was. He loved, or rather idolized art in its high- est forms, and so passionately, that he looked with contempt on mere face painting as he called it. He thought little of pecuniary reward, but strove rather to place on canvass living images of grand thoughts, which might move men like ceaseless tongues of eloquence. He could use his pen, not much less skilfully than his brush, in connection with art. Among his productions in this line, are, an able treatise upon "Gothic Architecture," and an ' 'Inquiry into Real and Imaginary obsti-uction to the progress of art in England," which is said to be one of the ablest essays that ever appeared in the English language on the subject of art. In this work he overturned the visionanr theories of Montesquieu and Winkleman on the same subject, and triumphantly estab- lished his own. His most laborious work with the brush, was, the celebrat- ed frescoes of the Adelphi; the assemb- ly room of the society of arts, which consumed six years of continuous labor. The subject chosen by the artist, was "Human Improvement," which he il- lustrated in a series of pictures, com- mencing with man in a savage state. Johnson, that master Critic, who never praised except when it was due, said of this work on first beholding it, "Sir, there is a grasp of mind there which you find nowhere else," and Lord Aid- borough, an art critic, wrote that "the work combined all the excellencies of the great masters." Barry was elected professor of painting to the Royal Aca- demy, but the unfortunate irritabUi^ of his temper, and his utter dislike for restraint, involved him in constant bick- erings, which ended in his being dis- missed for publishing a letter which was supposed to reflect on the integrity of the members of the Academy. Barry never married but lived for the most part of his life in poverty and almost want. Wholly devoted to his art for itself, he never sought the means of turning it to his aggrandizement. His six years labor in the Adelphi was per- formed without fee, he requiring only that models should be furnished him. Canova, the great sculptor, sflid, on be- holding one of his paintings, that it was well worth the trouble and expense of coming to England. This talented but unfortunate artist died Feb., 1806, in the fifty-sixth year of his age, and is buried in St. Pauls. His writings were published in two volumes quarto. BARRY, JOHN COMMODORE, one of the most brilliant naval officers of his day, and called the Father of the American navy, was bom in County Wexford, Ireland, 1745. His home looked out on the grand Atlantic, and the youthful hero early imbibed a love for the sea. At the age of fourteen he entered a merchantman which sailed between Philadelphia and British ports, and at the age of sixteen made America his home. In his twenty-fifth year he commanded the finest packet on the Atlantic, the Black Prince, owned by Mr. Meredith, of Philadelphia, and about this time made the acquaintance of Washington, who became his warm friend. He early became noted for his skill, coolness, care and courage, and on the breaking out of the revolution- ary war he abandoned his bright pros- pects of fortune and offered his services to Congress. Congress finding it abso- lutely necessary to make some provis- ion to protect her exposed ports and vessels from the enemy, purchased some^ merchant vessels ana appointed Barry to fit them out as war vessels which he promptly did, taking command himself of the Lexington 16 guns. With this he captured the Edward, an armed ten- der, which harrassed the coast, and captured or drove off the enemy's smal- ler cruisers which infested the shore. This was the first capture of a Britidi i I BAR nUSH CELTS BAR war vesF^l by an American cruiser and was hailed with joy by the American people. He was next transferred to the command of the frigate Effingham then building in Philadelphia. When the British held possession of Philadelphia and the adjacent forts, the Effingham was one of the vessels which had to ascend the river for safety, and here she was ice bouni during the winter of '76. Bar- ly, however, could not remain idle ; he served under Gen. Cadwalader in the neighborhood of Trenton as an aid de camp, and distinguii^ed himself by his courage, coolness and tact. While here he conceived and carried out suc- cessfully a daring scheme of captiuing some of the enemy's supply vessels. Manning f om: small row boats with res- olute and daring hearts like his own, under cover of darkness, with muffled oars he started down the Deleware from Burlington and passing through the most of the enemie's vessels which fill- ed the river, he succeeded, although two of his boats were injured during an alarm on his passage, in capturing two of the enemie's 8upj)lv shij and a schooner, all loaded with provisions and stores invaluable at the time to the Am- erican forces. The two ships moimted, each six guns, and the schooner which belonged to the engineers department, mounted eight double fortified four pounders and 13 fourpoimd howitzers, and was manned with thirty-three men besides officers. Bany had onlv 28 men in his little shells, but the sudden- ness and daring of the attack confound- ed the enemy and they surrendered be fore they knew the strength of their heoric captors. Barry was compelled to bum his prizes but not before he re- moved to the shore and secured all their valuable cargoes. It was about this time that Lord Howe attempted to bribe this sturdy patriot bv the oner of 15,000 guineas (about $80,000) and the com- mand of a British ship of the line. But there was no Arnold here, and the offer was flimg back with scorn, and the as^ surance that Britain possessed neither money or honors enough to buy him. In Sept., 1778, Capt. Barry was ap- pointed to the command of the Raleigh, thirty-two guns. He sailed from Bos- ton toward the end of the month with a convoy of a couple of merchant ves- sels. They were not long at sea when they came in sight of two of the ene- my s frigates, the Unicom of 28 guns and the Experiment of 60 guns. He ordered his convoys to crowd all sail, while he engaged the attention of the enemy. After a fight of seven hours, during which he attempted to fasten and board the Unicom, and being in too crippled a condition to get away, he determined to run his vessel ashore, which he succeeded in doing. His loss in killed and wounded was less than the enemy. The loss of his vessel did not prevent him from being actively en- gaged in the service of his country. He made several voyages to the West In- dias in the interest and protection of American commerce and was made a commodore, being the first who had re< ceived that honor. In 1781 the Frigate Alliance was placed imder his com- mand, in which he took Col. Laurens with important dispatches to France. On her return she captured two British privateers, the Mars, 26 guns, and the Minerva, 10 guns, and two vessels of war, the Atlanta of 16 guns and her consort, the Trepassy of 14 guns. In the engagement with the last two, Barry was severely wounded through the shoulder. He greatly distinguished himself in protectmg the supply ship Lu- zerne with a large amount of specie fromHavanna from a British fleet great- ly damaging one of the enemy's war vessels, Sibyl, 30 guns, killing 87 and wounding 50 of her men, while he lost only 8 killed and 11 wounded. It was when hailed on this occasion that he an- swered, "The U. S. ship Alliance, saucy Jack Biarry— half Irishman— half Yan- kee—who are you ?" After the Revo- lutiou Commoaore Barry still remained at the head of the Amencan navy and during the misunderstanding with the French Government >7hich occasioned some naval conflicts, commodore Bar- ry rendered conspicuous service in pro- tecting th^ Amencan flagand commerce from ue depredations of French cruisers and privateers, capturing quite a number The Commodore continued at the head of the navy until his death, which oc- curred at Philadelphia, Sept. 18, 1808. It was mainly through his energy, ad* vice, skill and discretion that the Am- erican navy was created, and that it won for itself in so short a time so proud a place among the nations. Many of its most brilliant officers learned their les- sons of skill, valor and proud patriotism under him, to whom they looke(? up as the father of that navy, which Uiey t--\ BAB IRISH CBLTS. BAB Berved with such pride and honor. In private life Barry was not less ad- mirable and loving than he was esteem- ed and honored m public. Washing- ton was his special friend, and placed unlimited oonfldence in both his ability and integrity ; and when his reputation was questioned in ranning his vessel, the Raleigh, ashore when crippled and in the face of overpowering odds, he warmly defended him, and said, he de- served the gi-eatest praise instead of censure. He died as he lived, a con- sistent practical Catholic, and having no children he left the bulk of his pro- perty to an Orphan Asylum. His tomb is in old St. Mary Church yard, Philadelphia, and beneath it rest the remains of a patriot second to none, who aided in securing American inde- pendence, for devotion and worth. "There are gallant hearts whose glory, Columbia loves to name. Whose deeds shall live in story. And everlasting fame ; But never yet one braver. Our slaiTy banner bore, Than saacj old Jack Barry, The Irish Commodore. BARRY, MARTIN, an emineni })hysiologi8t. was of Irish descent, bom n England in 1803, and was best known by his discoveries in embryology. He was the author of a number of works on physiology and kindred subjects, all of which are of high repute. He died in 1855. BARRY, PATRICK, a talented au- thor and practical agriculturalist and horticulurallst, was born in Ireland in 1816, came to America when young, and was ediMr of the Genesee Farmer for many years. He afterwards edited the Horticulturist, both of which journals were of the highest au- thority. He was part owper of one of the largest nurseries in the world, situ- ated at Rochester, N. Y., and has for many years stood at the head of his spe- cialties in the United B'ates. BARRY, SIR REDMOND, a distin- guished Australian statesman and law- yer, was born in Cork in 1813. He was 'educated at Trinity College, Dub- lin, and adopted the profession of the law. He emigrated to Australia, and Mttled at Melbourne, where he soon be- come distinguished in his profession, ranking with the first. He became So* licitor &en. of the Colony of Yictoiia, and in 1851 one of the Judges of the Supreme Court. He took a prominent part in the educational prosperity of thosr rising nations of the antipodes and was t^e first Chancellor of the New University of Melboimie. The honor of Knighthood was conferred on him in 1860, for distinguished services to the educational and legislative well be- ing of those great colomes. BARRY, SPBANGEB, one of the most eminent actors of his day, was bom in 1717, at Dublhi. His father was a silversmith and Spranger alsp followed the business until he went on the stage.' He first appeared en the stage in 1744 — ^then in his 27th year. He shortly afterwards made his first ap- pearance in London, and at once step- Sed to the first rank of his profession, 'or upwards of 20 years he was con- sidered as the great rival of Garrick, and shared equally with him tLo first honors of the stage. He died in 1774. BARRY, WILLIAM T. a distinguish- ed American lawyer and legislator, was of Irish descent bom in Virginia in 1780 He became a lawyer, removed to Ken- tucky where he practiced with success and was sent to Congress in 1810,but oni the breaking out of the war of 1818, like 80 many of his race, he immediate- ly joined the army, and sen'ed with dis- tinction. In 1814 he became U.S.sena- tor from Kentucky and also served with ability as Chief Justice of that statu. He was appointed by President Jackson, Post Master General, and as such be- came a member of the cabinet, being the first Post Master General admitted to that honor. He was appointed MiaiS" ter Plenipotentiaiy to Spain by Pros. Van Buren in 1885, but died at Liver- pool, while on his way to that country August 80, 1885. BARRY, GEN. WILLIAM P., a distinguished American officer and stra- tegist, of Irish descent, born in New York, in 1818, and who greatly dis- tinguished himself during the war of the Rebellion. He was the organizer of the artillery of the Army of uxe Po- tomac, which did pach brilliant service. After the close of the war, he was as- signed to the command of the Northern BAK IBISH CELTS. BEA Lake frontiers, and in 1867 to the Artil- lery school at Fortress Monroe. He is recognized as one of the most scientific and skillful of American soldiers. BARTON, THOMAS, a divine of the Episcopal church, was bom in Ire- land, about 1720, and educated in Dub- lin University. He afterwards studied for the ministry and came to America as a missionary. In 1823, he accom- ried the British armj^ as a chaplain the campaign against Fort Du Quesne, and became the friend of Washington. He appears to have had conscientious scruples as to the rights of the Colonies to take up arms ; but re- mained in America. He died in 1770. He wrote an account of Braddock's de- feat, besides sermons, &c. BATHE, WILLIAM, a celebrated Irish Jesuit, was born in Dublin, in 1564. His parents were non-Catholics but our subject was educated without bigotry. He received his early educa- tion from an eminent Irish teacher at home, and it is said afterwards became a scholar at Oxford. Having become satisfied of the divine mission of the old church and seeing no hope of a free exercise of religion under English au- thority he went to the continent. In 1596 he entered the order of Jesuits in Flanders and afterwards went to Padu in Italy, where he acquired great repu- tation for wisdom and sanctity. He passed into Spain, and became head of the Irish seminary at Salamanca. Here he was indefatigable in all good works, and was held in the greatest veneration and love by all the people; by the poor and unlettered, because of his zeal for their welfare ; by the great, for his learning and many admirable quelities. He died at Madrid, whither he had fone on business of his order. June 17, 614. BEATTY, MARTIN, a prominent nnd talented Kentuckian, was a native of Ulster, Ireland, aud camo to Ken- tucky at an early day, rose by his tal- ents and industry and reoresented that state in the tweuty-sccona Congress. BEATTY, WILLIAM, a talented legiHlaiur of Pennsylvania, was born in Ireland, and emigrated to Pennsyl- vania, at an early date, became cons- picuous by his talenta. He represented the State in Congress from the year 1837 to 1841. BEAUFORT, ADM. SIRFRANCIS, a distinguished naval officer and hydro* Erapher, was bom at CoUon county, outh, Ireland, in 1774. He' entered the British navy in 1787, and served under Admiral Comwallis, as a mid- shipman, and in 1794, he took part in the naval battle oflf Brest, under Howe. In 1796, he was made Lieutenant for good conduct and bravery, and in 1800, was promoted to Commodore, for his skill in the battle of Malaga, where he was wounded. He had also a scientific mind and gained reputation by hydro- graphical labors on the coast of Asia Minor, in 1811 and 1812, which he pub- lished in London in 1817, and which are of great authority. He was wound- ed by Turkish pirates in 1812, and be- ing compelled to return home, he spent his time in drawing up valuable maps, and was appointeohydrographer of the admirality in 1832, which posi- tion he held till 1855. He was made an honorary rear Admiral in 1846, and knighted in 1848. He died December 17, 1851. BELL, ROBERT, a writer of great versatility and talent, was born in Cork, Ireland, 1800, and for a time was editor- in-chief of a government organ, mis- called "The Patriot." He was after- wards editor of the Atlas, and in 1889 he started the Morning Chronicle, in conjunction with Sir E. Bulwer Litton, and Dr. Lardner. In 1858, he pub- lished an annotated edition of the Eng- lish PoetSi He received a gold medal from the King of Belgium, as a reward for his services to literature. He was a S leasing, able and indefatigable writer, [e died in 1867. BEItd atdtating the Canadas, and became one of the ablest and most prominent of the newspaper writers of Lower Canada. He was alsoprominently connected with the milita of the province and active in the Rebellion of '87. He was a mem- ber of Parliament from '54 to '60, and President of the St. Patrick's Society of Montreal. He was also prominently connected with the Repeal movement, and a strong advocate of O'Conuell's policy. He returned to Ireland a few years since where he still residtss. BENIGNUS, SAINT, BISHOP of Armagh, and first successor of St. Pa- trick in that see; was son of Singcn.one of the chief men of Meath, and who hos- pitably received Saint Patrick, when on Lis journey to the court of King Lag- haire in 488. ,Our future saint, then a bright boy, was baptized by Patrick, who gave him the name of Binen, or Sweet, on accoimt of the loveliness of his person and character. The boy be- came so attached to Patrick that he begged his parents to allow him to fol- low him, but they, dearly loving him, were unwilling, but Patrick told them that it was the Divine will that the boy should dedicate himself to Ood, and tearfully they let him go. He quickly increased in knowledge, and every christian virtue, and became a great assistance to his Apostolic master. His zeal and example made many converts, and he became, as it were, a substan- tial image of his great leader. He was perhaps the most beloved of all the dis- ciples of Patrick, and continued with him from the first to the last, his coad- iuter as if it were, and he succeeded him in the government of the See of Armagh. Benignus resigned his See after some years, for the purpose of visiting Rome, and was succeeded by St. Jarlath; another disciple of Patiic!:. Benignus wrote in Latin and Irish, amongst others, "Virtue and Miracles of St. Patrick," Poems and "Munster Book of Rights." He is said by some authors to mive died in Rome, and by others to have died near QIastonbury, England, in the monastery of Ferling- mere where he went to retire from the world. William, of Malsmsbury, says, "That the miracles of his former lue, and those of his new translation pro- claim in what high degreee he stands with God," and ^ves the following ep- itaph as being on his tomb at Feriing- mere: "Father Beonna's bon£s in this tomb lie Of old the father of the Monk's here- by Disciple to St. Patrick so much fam- ed. The Irish say he was, and Beon named.' Lanigan however thinks this must re- fer to another saint of the same name. BENNETT, REV. JAMES, an able and learnod Presbyterian divl.r.; jf New Brunswick, was born in Lisbum, Coun- ty Down, Irnltind, in 1817 and received his education in the classical school of the Royal Academical Institution Bel- fast, then under the charge of the father of Sir F. Hincks. Ilavuigbeen * jstal- led into the ministry of thePresbyteriaa BER IRISH CELTS BER Church, he was given a charge in Annagli, 1843. In 1854 having received a call from the Presbyterians of St. Johns, New Brunswick, he sailed for that province, and took charge in the June of that year. Ho is a prolific writer, as well as an able speaker, and stands high amongst his brethren. He was for a time ^itor of the Canada Presbyterian and has acted as Moderate or in the Synods of the Lower Provinces, Amongst his work are " The Wisdom of the iQng" and "The Divinity of Christ." He is tindoubtedly one of the ablest representatives of the Presbyteri- an body in America. BEREBFORD, WM. CARR, VI- COUNT, a celebrated British General And a Field Marshal of the Kingdom of Portugal, was bom in Ireland, Oct. 2, 1768, and was the natural son of the Marquis of Waterf ord. He entered the army at an early age and served first in the American colonies where he lost an «ye. He served at the seige of Toulon, in Corsica and both the Indies, and took part in the conquest of Cape of Good Hope. He gradually rose by soldierly conduct, and in 1806 he was placed in command of the land forces against Buenos Ayres ; in 1808 he went to Portugal as a Major General and was instrusted with the task of organizing the Portugese Army. He accompanied Sir John More to Spain, took part in the battle of Corunna and covered the retreat and the embarkation of the defeated army. In 1800 he was ap pointed to the rank of Field Marshal in tho Portugese army and was made Gen* eralisimo of its forces, which he had re- organized and made efficient. He supported Wellington throughout the Peninsular War and took part in all the principle battles. In the Springof 1811 he laid siege to the fortress of Badajoz which Soult compelled him to raise, but whom he defeated a few days after- wards at the battle of Albuera, nowever more by the desperate bravery of his troops than superior skill. He took part in the victories of Salamanca, Vi- toria, Bayonne, Othey and Toulouse and was made Duke of Elvas and Mar- quis of Santo Campo. In 1814 ho was created Baron BercHfordand iiftcrwui'ds Vlcount Dungannon in the peera,n;e of Ireland, and whs sent on a diplomatic mission to Brazil. In 1817 he sup- pressed an insuirection in Brazil as un officer of the Portugese Government. After his return to England 1825 he was made a full general and in 1828 was Master General of the Ordinance. The Portugese Government deprived him of his marshal's baton for having assia*,ed in forwarding English troops to assist Dom Miguel. He married a daughter of the Protestant Archbishop of Tuam. He died Jan. 8, 1854. BERKELEY, GEORGE, a noted divine of the church of England, and an eminent metaphysical philospher, co- temporary with, and friend of Pope, Swift and Addision, was bom at Kil- krin near Thomastown, Ireland in 1684. He was educated at Kilkenny and at Trinity College Dublin. He resided for a while in England, and was intimate with the wits and great men of the day, and by whom he was regarded as one of the most brilliant minds of the age. About 1720 he returned to Ireland, vnOx the Duke of Grafton, then appointed lord lieutenant, and became dean of Derry. In 1728 he sailed for America for the purpose of establishing a mis- sionary college for the education and conversion of the Indians, but after a residence of two years he returned, the funds necessary having been withheld, through the opposition of Sir Robert Walpole. In 1788, Berkeley was ap- pointed to the Bishopric of Cloyne, which he hold to the time of his death, although offered a see of far greater pecuniary value. He died suddenly in January, 1768. His works were col- lected in three quarto volumes. He la best known in our times by his curious theoiT of the non-existence of matter, which he developes in his principles of human knowledge. He wrote numer- ous scientific works, and was one of the ablest mathematicians of his day. BERNARD, HUGH, known on the Codtiucnt as Hugh of Ireland, was the author of travels in various countries. He became a Brother of the Order of Mi- nors, and their provincial in Ireland. He nourished towards the end of the four- teenth ccnturv, and was distinguished for his extensive knowledge. BICKER8TAFF, ISAAC, a success- f ul and talented dramatist, was bora in Ireland, in 1780, and became attached to the vice regal court in Dublin, when Lord Chesterfield was in Ireland. He I BLA IBIHH CELTS. BLA m ' afterward received a commission in the marines and became a lieutenant, but became involved in troubles and had to resign. He is the author of numerous comedies, and comic operas, some of which were verypopular in their day. Among them, " The Maid of the Mill," "The Captive," "Love in a Village," " The Hypocrite," «&c. He died about 1800. BLACK, JOSEPH, an emhient chemist, was the son of a Belfast mer- chant, who resided for some time in Bordeaux where our subject was bom in 1728. He received his preliminary education in Belfast, and completed hu studies at Edinbuigh and Glasgow. He was appointed to the chairs of anatomy and chemistry and afterwards of medi- cine in the latter place, and in 1766 to the chemical chair in Edinburgh. He made the disco vrery of the cause of dif- ference between limestone and quick- lime showing that the latter is deprived of a portion of its weight, in the form of carbonic acid; and while yet a stud- ent, drew attention to the use of weights in analvzing chemical changes, some- thing hitherto neglected by chem- ists. He made important discoveries in regard to steam, showing that when water changed into steam, 140 ® of heat enter into it -which is much more than is perceptible by the thermometer. He died in 1790. BLAINE, JAMES G., one of the ablest of American statesmen and poli- ticians and a great leader of the Repub- lican partv, was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, Jan. 81, 1830, at the home of his maternal gmndfather Neil Gillespie, a native of Ireland. His paternal sioie were also descended from Irish settlers in Pennsylvania, his great grandfather Gen. Blaine, who was com- missary General of the Revolntionary Army from 1778 till the close of the war, having emigrated from Ireland at an early day. At the age of. eleven years he was sent to school to Lancaster, Ohio, living there with his relative Hon. Thos. Ewing then Sec'y of the U. S. Treasury, wlio was also a GlUes- {)ie. He graduated at Washington Col- ego in 1847. and was noted for his mathematical as well as classical ability. After graduating he taught school for a while, wrote for the press and studied likw, but never opened an office. In 1853 he went to Maine, where he edited the 'Portland Advertiser' and the 'Kennebeck Journal' and entered into politics with that vim which still char* acterizes him. In 1858 he was sent to the legislature, was re-elected and became Speaker of the House. Before he was a year in the State he was a re- cognized leader amongst the Republic- ans and a leading power in the councils of that party. From 1858 he may be said to have shaped and directed every political campaign in that State, and by his individual efforts and great magnet- ism, secured Republican success down to the present time. In 1862 ne was elected to Congress and soon made hia mark, and before he had served three vears was recognized as the ablest de- bater on the Kepublican side of the House. His aptitude for business and his celerity in mastering all the details of any subject to which his attention is directed is unrivalled, and this is partial- ly due to. an amazing memory of both persons and things. He became speak- er of the House in the Forty-flrst Con- gress and continued to preside diuing the 42nd and 48rd, and it is said that none more able and impartial ever held the gavel in the House. In 1876 he was appointed to the U. S. Senate in place of Mr. Morrill who had accepted the Secretaryship of the Treasury, and the following year was elected for the full term endmg in 1888. Mr. Blahie was the ablest, most prominent and po- pular candidate for the Republican nomination for President in 1880, but was opposed by those who favored a third term for Gen. Grant and wha under the leadership of Conkling sought to establish that dangerous and unpatri- otic precedent. The result was the nomination and election of Gen. Gar- Held of Ohio, under whom Blaine ac- cepted the Sec'y of State, which he held till the deatii of President Garfield by the- hand of the cold blooded assassin, Giteau. Mr. Blaine is still the most prominent figure in the Republican par- ty and his exertions have again (I882)< succeeded in holding Maine for the Re- publican party, alOiough the Demo- crats, by powerful majorities, carried Ohio, Now York and Pennsylvaniai . in the fall of that year. Mr. Blaine is a man of great intellectual power and strength, with a vehement earnestness in speaking that often seems like anger, ever ready and full of resources, ana BLA IRISH CELTS. BLA •II bom to be a political leader, havine in a lu'ge degree that magnetism which at- tracts the people. In the life of Blaine and a few ottier prominent American statesmen of Irish extraction, like Se- ward and DeWitt Clinton, we go one step beyond our general plan to stop at the sons of Irish parents. We do this sim- ply to show how universally Irish blood permeates the American people, and that thf genius and vigor of intellectual America is Irish and Celtic to the core, and that Anglo-Sasonism is a fraud and a deception. BLAKE, HON. EDWARD, one of the ablest of Canadian statesmen and lawyers, was a son of Chancellor Wm. Hume Blake,and was bom in the town- ship of Adelaide, Ontario, in 1838, the year after his parents settled in Canada. He was educated at Upper Canada Col- lege, and at the University, where he was silver medalist in classics, and took his degree of M. A. in 1851. After com- pleting his collegiate course, he com- menced the study of the law, and after the usual course was called to the bar. Here his career was most brilliant and he was soon recognized as one of the most promising members of the Upper Canada bar. Indeed his success was unprecedented, and especially as a chancery lawyer, was he almost with- out a peer. He was early offered a position on the Bench, but was too strongly wedded to his profession to ac- cept. Still later was he offered the Chief Justiceship of the Supreme Court, which he also refused and which de- monstrates the high estimate put upon his legal learning by his fellow citizens. In 1867 he entered public life and was elected to the House of Commons from West Durham, and the same year to tbe Ontario House for South Bruce, and became head of the government for that province. In 1873 he was re-elected to the Canadian Parliament by his old constitutents, as well as by those of South Bruce, and decided to represent tlie latter. In 1878 he was sworn a member of the Privy Council, but re- signed in 1874, was again elected to Parliament, and re-elected on his ac- cept^mce of tlie portfolio of Minister of Justice in 1875, and afterwards became President of the Council. As a parlia- mentarian he was recognized as among the ablest in the Canadian House; full of resources, eloquent, logical and at times bitter end sarcastic. As a law- ver he is recognized as second to none in the provinces in any of the ramifica- tions of that learned profession, and his practice is very extensive. Hois' still m the Dominon Parliament repre- senting West Durham in the liberal in- terests, and if he lives, will undoubted- ly play a prominent part in the future of Canada. BLAEE, ELIZABETH, nee Burke, a lady of talents, was bom in Lyagula Coimty Galway, Ireland, about 1780, and early displayed exquisite taste in poetry. She soon became celebrated in that part of Ireland and her poems were- very popular. BLAKE, WM. HUME, a distinguish- ed Canadian lawyer and scholar, was- bom in the County Galway, Ireland, and was educated in Trinity College, Dublin, and married his cousin, Mit!3 Catherine Hume of Wicklow. He studied surgery under Sir Philip Cromp- ton, and m 1882, in conmany wim his brother. Rev. D. E. Blake, and others, chartered a vessel the "Ann of Halifax," and set sail for Canada, where tiiey arrived after a six weeks voyage. Our subject first settled on a farm at Bear Creek, near the present town of Strathi'oy, but after two years left it for Toronto, when he applied himself to the study of the law. In this- profession he soon acquired great dis- tinction, and was made Professor of Law in the University of Upper Canada. He was recognized as a polished scholar and one of the ablest minds in that pro- vince up to his death. He has left be* hind him sons equally distinguished. BLAKE, JOACHIM, a Spanish Gen- eral of Irish extraction, was born at. Valez Malaga, and served fli-st as Cap- tain and next as Major in the war from 1798 to 1795 between Fiance and Spain. When Napoleon seized the Crown of Spain, Blake organized his countrymen against French occupat ion, and sustain- ed through varying phases of fortune, a. high character for military skill and in- domitable courage. In 1810, he wa» appointed one of regency, a'nd was- afterwards elevated to that of Cap- tain-General. Having been defeated at Murvadro, he retired to Valencia, but was at length compelled to surrender. I On the establishment of the constitution •rr BLA lAlSH CELTS. BEN of 1820, he was one of the council of State, and his defence of that constitu- tion subsequently exposed him to dan- ger. He £ed at Yalladolid in 1827. BLAKELY, JOHNSON, one of the bravest and most talented of American jiHval officers, was born in Ireland in 1781. When he was two years of age, he came with his father to the United ■States and settM in North Carolina. In 1796, he entered the University of that State, but adverse circumstances compelled his withdrawal, and he sought a position in the navy towards which his liking as well as talents led. He was successful in obtaining a mid- shipman's warrant, and entered the navy in 1800. In 1813 he was appoint- ed to the command of the Wasp, and •soon afterwards captiired the British Ship Reindeer of superior force, after .a brilliant action of nineteen minutes. On the evening of September 1st, 1814, the Wasp fell in with a fleet of four sail somewhat scattered, filakely im- mediately attacked the first of these, *he brig of war Avon, a vessel of sup- erior force, and after a severe action she struck; the other vessels in the meantime coming up, he was unable, on accoxmt of his crippled condition, to 'Capture her, and was compelled to retire. The British reported that they had sunk the Wasp bv a broadside, but this prov- ed to be false, as she was afterwards spoken by a vessel off the Western Isles. As she was heard of no more, «he Js supposed to have foundered at sea with all aboard, and thus was lost, at the early age of 88 years, one of the most brilliant and promising of Ameri- ca's naval heroes. BLAKE, ROBERT M. D. a physi- cian, and surgeon dentist of great sidll, was born in Dublin, about 1776, He studied dentistry under his uncle, the €lder Hudson, and became the most skillful and scientific dentist of his age, and practiced with great success in Ecun- burg and elsewhere. He published a highly valued volume on the structure and formation of the teeth in man and various animals. BLAKE, ROBERT, one of the most •celebrated of British Admiralc, was a descendant of the Qalway family of Irish Blakes, (seeBurke'sPeerages,&c.,) sand was born at Bridgwater, England, and was educated at Oxford about the year 1640. He was elected a member oi parliament in 1640, and in the strug- gle between Charles I. and the parlia* ment, he espoused the liberal side, and distinguished himself by his gallant defense of Taimton. In 1649 he was put in conunand of the fleet. His firat achievement was the destruction of Prince Rupert's Squadron at Malaga. In 1662 and 1653,he four times encoun- tered the Dutch in desperate engage- ments, in which he defeated the cele- brated Dutch admiral Van Tromp, with great loss. His next exploits were in the Mediterranean, to which he sailed in 1764, and where he destroyed the castles of Galetta, and port of Femo in Tunis, and intercepted the Spanish plate fleet. Receiving information that another plate fleet was lying at Santa Qruz, in Tenerifle ; he immediatelv sailed for that port, and forcing his way into the harbor, he destroyed the ships, and retired without any loss. His health having been seriously im- Sdred by his arduous labors, he bent s course homeward, Lut died before reaching England August 27, 1657. BLAKE, HOIT. SAMUEL HUME, second son of Chancellor Blake, and brother of Hon. Edward B., was bom in 1885, and received his education at Upper Canada College. He flrst enter- ea commerical life, and subsequently the law office of his uncle. Dr. Connor, and was called to the Bar in 1860. He entered into partnership with his bro- ther, and acquired a flne reputation as a lawyer, especially in chancery cases. He was offered a position on the bench as Vice Chancellor by the John A. Mac- Donald Government, which coming from a political opponent, is high testi- mony ex his merit. This he accepted and has achieved a reputation as a sound and able judge. BLAKE, SIR WALTER, a soldier of the civil wars of 1686, was bom in County Qalway, Ireland, about 1680. He was the flrst Catholic gentleman of distinctioa that joined me standard of King William, having raised a regi- ment and sustained it at his own ez« pense. He died about 1700. BLATHMAC, and Dermod, joint monarchs of Ireland, were sons of Ha- gue III, and ascended the throne A. D. BLE nUSH CELTS. BLO 654. During their pla^e depopulated reign a great the island, to which th^fell victims. Bede, in his Church History, speaks of this -me plague as rava^g a great part of isrit- ain, A. D. 664. BLESSINGTON, COUNTESS of, nee MARGARET POWER, one of the most celebrated women of her age, was horn near Clonmel, Ireland, Sept. 1,1789 When only 15 years old she married a Capt. Farmer. The marriage was not a happy one, and shortly after her hus- band's death in 1817, she married the Earl of Blessington. With him she traveled extensively on the continent, and being witty, lively and talented, she soon became widely known amongst the literary circles of Europe. She became acquainted with Lord Byron at Genoa, and afterward often saw him at her house in Paris where she resided for some time with her hus- band. Here, too, she became acquaint- ed with Count D'Orsay, who was a kind of relative by marriage, having married a daughter of Lord Blessing- ton by his first wife. After the Earl's death, which occurred in Paris in 1829, Lady Blessington returned to England, and resided at Gore House, Kensington, where she soon became smrounded by the most eminent and brilliant society of the day, and where she shone by her brilliant conversational powers. Her expensive and generous entertain- ments told on her means and she re- sorted to her pen to fill up the gap. Her first appearance as an author was, however, in 1825, when she published "The Mystic Lantern," this was fol- lowed by " Traveling Sketches in Bel- ^um," but it was her "Conversations with Lord Byron," published in 1832, which brought her prominently out as an author. This was followed by " Desultory Thoughts and Reflections,"'' "Grace Cassidy," an Irish novel, "The Two Friends,'^ "Meredith," "Strath- em," "The Governess," "Victims of Society," and many others, besides poems and sketches of travel, all of which was well received by the literary public. She was also a contributor to the ablest magazines of the day, show- ing a mastery of all the live subjects of the times, and a wonderful fund of infor- mation. She was without doubt, one of the most brilliant and entertaining of women. She died in Paris, June 14, 184&. BLOOD, THOMAS, > daring but imscrupulous adventurer, was bom iu' Ireland about 1628. He joined the par- liamentarians, and distinguished him- self by his reckless daring. After the restoration he conceived, and head- ed an insurrectionary plot, which was- to begin ith the seizure of Dublin< Castle, and of Ormond the Lord Lieu- tenant. The plot was discovered, but Blood succeeded in escaping, although his prindpal assistants were caught and hung. He afterwards returned to Eng^ land, and schemed with the "Fif& Monarchy Men." Not succeeding he- went to IreUnd, and was present dur- ing the troubles in 1666. On the night of Dec. 6, 1670, he planned and seized the Duke of Ormond in his coach in St. John's street, and placing him on a horse hied away to Tyburn, but so well- were his plans laid that he was not even suspected in the matter. His next scheme was to secure the crown and re- galia, of England, and on the 9th oi May, 1671, disguised as a clergyman, he entered the Tower, and after nearly murdering the ke£.)er of the jewels, carried the crown off imder his cloak, while his associate took the jewels. They were however quickly pursued and caught. The King nevertheless, fearing the threats of a pretended secret armed and oath-bound conspiracy, to- revenge the death of any of its mem- bers, pardoned Blood, and [gave him a place m court and an estate of £600 a year. He died in 1680. BLOOMFIELD, BENJAMIN, a distinguished officer and diplomat, was- born in 1762, in County Tipperary, Ire- land. He earlv^ entered the military service as an offlcei in the artilery, ana gradually rose by meritorious conduct, to be colonel, and at length lieutenant general in the army. He became a great ifavorite of the Prince of Wales, and while the Prince was Regent, Bloomfleld was marshal and chief equerry. He suc- ceeded Sir John McMahon as Receiver General of the Ducliy of Cornwall, and in 1824 was appointed minister plenipo- tentiary and envoy extraordinary to the court of Sweeden, which mission lie held for many years. He wa^made- a peer of Irelana in 1824. He died at an advanced age. BONAPARTE, MRS. ELIZABETH PATTERSON, wife of Jerome Bon^ rf* Tl BON nUBH CELTS. BON lIHi'il parte, youngest brother of the great Napoleon, was of Irish descent her father William Patterson having emigrated from Ulster to the U. 8, at an early day. She was bom in Baltimore, Ma., m 1786. Her father had acquired for those days a large fortune and was among the citizens of Maryland sec- ond only to Chas. Carroll of Carrollton in wealth. He was an ambitious and worldly man, and his lessons were not lost on his beautiful daughter. At the age of ten she is said to have known by heart the worldly maxims of Rochefou- cauld, and ^ew up highly accomplish- ed and ambitious. She is described as tall and graceful, fair of face with dark eyes and hair. In the autum of 1803 Jerome Bonaparte arrived in this U. S. in command of a French frigate and came tc Baltimore to see Capt. Bai'ney who had formerly served with him in the French navy. The distinguished stranger was feted wherever he went, and at a ball given in his honor by Samuel Chase, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, he first met Miss Patterson. The consequence was that they became lovers. Her father foreseeing the possible difficulties in the way, forbade the courtship, and sent her away to friends in Virginia. The lovers were not however to be cross- ed. They found means of correspcnd- ingand soon became engaged, and Bona- parte procured a marriage license, all le^l formalities were carefully complied with, and the contract was drawn up by Alex. Dallas, afterwards Sec'y of the Treasury, and the ceremonies were con- ducted with becoming pomp in the Cathedral of Baltimore, by Archbishop Carroll in the presence ©f a distinguished audience, includlnj the French consul. To smooth the way of the young couple, 1p* ' ers were procured from Pres. Jeffer- son and other distinguished America:>«» as to the standing of the family, &c., and the American Embassador to France was to present the case in the most favorable light to the First Consul. Robt. Patterson, her brother, who was then traveling in Europe, a young gentle- man of culture, called upon members of the family in Europe and was received and told by Lucien that the marriage was approved of by his mother and all the members of the family except Na- poleon, and that the bride would be well received and welcomed into the family. Before the yoimg couple had departed from America however they experieneed the arbitrary and determined opposi- tion of Napoleon. Orders were received for French vessels not to receive the bride on board, and a decree was passed prohibitinj^ any civil officer in France from receiving the transcrip+ion of the marriage of Jerome. They however took passage on an American vessel, feeling confident that when Jerome would see his brother he could smooth over the trouble. This vessel was wreck- ed on the coast of Deleware. F nally they sailed in one of her father's vessels for Lisbon, Portugal, and arriving, were prevented from landing by a French frigate. Finally at the suggestion of Mad. Bonaparte, his mother, and Mr. Patterson, Jerome went to Paris to plead his case before the then Emperor, protesting his determination to stand by his wife in every alternative. The se- paration ]:owever was final. The imperi- ous will of Napoleon, and the gilded hopes he held out to Jerom*> proved too strong for a distant love, and he forgot his oaths and stifled his principles of honor and manly independence. His yoimg wife about to become a mother was forced to seek a landing place in England, where her son Jerome Bona- parte was born. Napoleon applied to Pope Pius VH for a dissolution of the marriage on the pretended religious groimos that the introduction of a pro- testant into this family was impolitic, dangerous, and the maniage void, but the heroic old pope although a prisoner refused utterly. The Imperial Council of State however found no difficulty in pronouncingthe marriage dissolved. As a reward for his desertion Jerome was made an admiral and Prince of the Em- pire, with the right of succession to the Imperial throne, if Napoleon died with- out male heirs. In 1807 Jeromo mar- ried the Princess of Wurtemburg. The marriage of Jerome dispelled the delusion which up to that time blinded the young wife as to the faitUesness of her recreant husband, and poisoned with bitterness, and a kind of cynicsd pride, her whole life. After the down- fall of Napoleon, Mrs. Bonaparte went to Europe, and she now spent her en- ergies in advancing the interests of her son and aiding Bonapartism. When Napoleon IH secured the Imperial crown, she brought her case before the Council of State, who decided that her son was entitled to the name of Bona- BON miSH CELTS BON parte, although not a member of the Imperial family. On the death of her faithless husband she again brought suit for her rights in his property, ard al- though according to the laws of France and Justice she fully sustained her rights, yet inspired by the Government, the decree was adverse to her, although her son was acknowledged to be a "Legitimate child of Prance." This ambitious mother was disappointed too in her son. He was recognized by his grandmother "Madame Mere" and pet- ted by Pauline Borghese, who at one time named him her heir, and his moth- er was desirous to make a distinguished match for him, but the young man had good American sense, and no special ambition, and like his mother, he mar- ried to suit himself, and that a simple American girl. Miss Williams of Balti- more, when his mother would have a princess. She practiced the most rigid economy in her expenses so that her son might not be without ample means if the situation required them, and actually through ambition became penurious. Although she did not receive from her father an equal share of his estate on account of her opposition to his desires, yet at the time of her death she had ac- cumulated a large fortune. She resided a great portion of her time in Europe, and especially in Florence, where she usually passed the winters, and counted with pride many royal and distinguish- ed persons amongst her acquaintances. She saw her husband, but once after their separation in Spain in 1805, and that was in the gallery of the Pittl Pal- ace, where he came to visit with his German wife, and where his lawful wife happened to be at the time. He evinced considerable agitation, and whispering something to his companion, they im- mediately left the gallery and the nert day the city. The downfall of Na- poleon in again revived her hopes, now in the person of her grandson Col. Je- rome Bonaparte, who had graduated at West Point and afterwards served with iistinction in the > rench army, and al- though ninety years of age, such was the flro of her ambition, that she put forth the claim of her grandson, and prophe- cied that he would be called to the Re- gency, and perhaps to the Imperial throne. This wronged but ambitious woman died after a long life of disap- pointment and restlesness, April, 1879, at ti^e great age of 94 years. BONNER, ROB'T., one of the most successful of newspaper men, and pro- Erietor of theN. Y. Ledger, was born in reland, Apr. 28, 1824. He came to this country when about 15 years of age to an uncle living in Connecticut. He entered the office of the Hartford Courant shortly after arriving, and be- came an expert and thorough workman. He removed to New York in 1844, and got a ' sit' on the Evening Mirror, and became N. Y. correspondent for the Courant, and subsequently of papers in Boston, Washington and other cities, and was an indefatisrable worker. In 1857 he foimded the iS". Y. Ledger, hav- ing saved funr«i enough to purchase the office of the Weekly Ledger, a commer- cial p,iper. He turned it into a journal f ". current literature and popular Action, and his enterprise, good sense, great busiLess tact and a quick appreciation of popular wants soon made it immense- ly popvdar. He spared no money to secure the best and most popular writ- ers to contribute to the different depart- ments, and at the same time to let the reading public know the fact. He soon amassed a great fortune, the circulation of the Ledger sometimes reaching 500,- 000 copies weekly, Mr. Bonner is also noted for his fast and magnificent stable of horses, for which animal he has a passion, but although he has some of the fastest trotters in the world, he never allows them to enter a race. He is still active as ever in 1883. BOOTH, SIR ROB'T GORE, M. P., was bom in Ireland Au^. 25, 1805, and was educated at Cambridge, where he graduated in 1826. He was member of Parliament for Sligo for many years, and was a man of fine parts. He died Dec. 22, 1876. BORLACE, EDMUND, a physician and writer of considerable talent, was bom in Dublin about 1610, and was educated at Trinity College. He after- wards settled at Chester, England, where he died in 1683. His principal work is a History of the Irish Rebel* lion BORROWS, KILDARE, a brave and gallant officer, was bom in Coun- ty Kildare, Ireland, and served under Welliagton, on the Peninsular, and af- terwards with Packingham in America, and was present ai the disastrous battle ii BOU IRI&n CELTS. BOU of New Orleans. He served also in India with distinction, and died from over exertion after tlie gallant capture of a Burmese fort, in 1825. BOUCICAULT, DION, one of the most talented and prolific of modem dramatists, and an accomplished and highly popular actor, especially in Irish clSirpcters, was bom in Dublin, 1822. He early gave evidence of the bent of his mind, producing his first dramatic work before he was nineteen years old, one too which proved a splendid suc- cess, and still holds its popularity on the stage, "London Assurance." 'Phis was followed in rapid succession by "Old Heads and Young Hearts,^' "Love in a Maze," "Used Up," "Louis XI," "The Corsican brothers," together with a hundred others, in every branch of the drama, comedy, farce and melo-drama. In the mean time he appeared on the stage in his own plays, and became as popular an actor, as he proved an author. In 1853, he came to the United States, and re- mained here till 1860, acquiring in- creased fame, and scoring both nnan- cially and professionally, a splendid success. On his return to England, he produced his first great Irish play; "The Colleen Bawn," which proved to be one of the most successful of modern plays. Among other of his works are "The Streets of London," "Flying Scud," "After Dark," "The Shaug- hraim," and "Rescued," all very pop- ular, Ko dramatist in the English language, if indeed any dramatist, either ancient or modern, ever produced so many popular plays, and although some may cavil as to the orginality of his conceptions, there is no doubt, as to his unrivalled combination of talents in the constraction of his plays. Brilliant, sparkling, witty and natural in the dfa- logue, combined with and supported by such stage accessaries as demonstr-'^ie him a master of the dramatic art in its entirety ; and perhaps unrivalled on the whole, amongst modem dramatists. He still continues to produce new ef- forts, and although above sixty years of age, he appears on the . stage with all the fire and vivacity of youth. Most of his late years have been spent in the United States, where he is highly po- pular and esteemed, both as an actor and a man of letters. BOURKE, or DeBURGH, RICH- ABD, Eail of Ulster and Lord of Con- naught, a ^lant soldier, and who waa called the Red Earl, was bom in Con- naught about the year 1250, and was. descended paternally from Charlem'^ agne and maternally from Cahil Croo- day or the "Red Hand" king of Con- naught. He was one of the most pro- minent, able and powerful noblemen at the court of Henry IH, and was dis« tinguished, like so many of his race, for chivalrous valor and soldierly ability. He died in 1326. BOYD, HUG. I Mac AULEY, whose real name was MacAuley, was bom in* Ireland, in 174ti, and educated at Trin- ity College, Dublin. He became & Eolitical writer of considerable note in london, and wai amongst the ablest of his day. Among others, the letters of Junius were attributed to his pen. His works were collected in two volumes. He accompanied Lord MacCartney to- Madras where ne died in 1791. BOYLE, HENRY, Eari of Shan- non, a prominerit Irish statesman, waa born about 1700, in the county Cork, and filled some of the highest politics^ offices in the kingdom. He was spea' . of the House of Commons, Chanceuor of the Exchequer, Lord Justice, &c., and was elevated to the peerage in 1756. He died in 1764. BOYSE SAMUEL, a poet of no mean talent, was the son of a dissent- ing minister, and was bom in Dublin in 1708. He adopted literature as a. profession, was a contributor to some of the best magazines of his day, and em- ployed on other literary work of merit. His talents were unfortunately marred by dissipation, which at len^h reduced him to great povertjr and pnvation. He- died In 1749 in a miserable lodging in Shoe Lane, in the prime of life. Some of his poems are to be found in the collect- ed works of British poets. His prin- cipal work is a religious poem, "The Deity," which exhibits talents of a high order. BOYLE, RICHARD, Eari of Bur- lington and Cork, was born in 1695,and was a man of liberal mind and exten- sive knowledge, with admirable teste and talent as an architect. His archi- tectural designs were much admired BOY IBIBH CBUn, BRA. for their originality and beauty. He was the friend of ^ope and the first pa- tron of the celebratea Bishop Berkeley. He was made Knight of the Garter in 1780, and died in 1758. BOYLE, ROBERT, one of th? most eminent of modem philosophers and scientists, ranking with Newton and Bacon, was the seventh son of the cele- brated Earl of Cork, and was bom at ^Lismore, Ireland, January 26, 1626. He received his education partially at Eaton, which was perfected by pnvate tutors at home, and at Geneva, Switz- erland. After travelling for some time over the continent, he at length settled in England, and devoted Qmself to science, especially to chemistry and na- tural philo80i>hy, and till the close of his life unremittingly pursued his scien- tific investigations. He was one of tiie original members of the Royal Society, and was elected its president, which office he declirioi!, as he did the presi- dency of Tlatoa College. The sciences did not ^aoliy engross his time, he wrote also on moral and religious sub- jects, and unlike the latter so-called scientists and philosophers, materialism found no support in his consistent and comprehensive intellect. Among his many works of liberality, was the found- ing of a lecture in defence of natural and revealed religion. As an experi- mental philosopher he was indefatig- able, and displayed in that then almost imexplored field, uncommon skill, pene- tration, and u wonderful comprehension of the hidden possibilities before him. His investigations, discoveries, theories and deduction imdoubtedly opened the way to many of the great modem discov- eries. As a man his character was of the most estimable, kind, singularly mild and courteous; he possessed reli- gion, without bigotry, unbounded leam- mg without arrogance or self-sufficiency and chanty without a patronizing osten- tation. He never muried, but resided for nearly a half a century with his favorite sister, Lady Ranlagh, to whom he was so greatly attached, that even death did not long divide them, she prececding him by only a week. He died on the 80th of December, 1681, universally regretted. BRADY orMcBRADY. ANDREW, first bishop of Eilmore, A. D. 14S0 was of a noble family, and was appoint- ed bishof of Brefny, which see he had removed to Kilmore by consent of Pope Nicholas V. He was a man of great energy and talents. Ware names seven bishops of this name who flourish- ed about this time. BRADY, GEN. HUGH, an Ameri- cian officer of Iiish parentage, was bom in Pennsylvania in 1768, and en- tered the army as Ensign in 1792. He served under Wayne in his campaign against the Indians on the Maumee.and was made a Lieutenant in 1794, and Captain in 1799. He distinguished himself in the year 1812 at Chippe- way and Niagara Falls having at that time risen to me rank of Colonel, and was wounded in the last named battle. Although nearly 80 T^rs of age he took part in the Mexican War, and in 1848 was raised to the rank of Major-General. In 1851 ho was thrown from his car- riage in the City of Detroit, where he had resided for jnany years, from the effects of which he died April 15, the same year. BRADY, JAMES TOPHAM, one of the greatest of American lawyers and perhaps most successful criminal lawyer that ever lived, was born in New York City April 9, 1816. His father had em- igrated from Ireland a few years pre- viously and opened a classical school there. He afterwards studied law and became a judge. James T. was educated by his father and studied law in his office, and was so proficient at the age of sixteen that he used to assist his father in the trial of his cases. He was admitted to the bar before he was of age, and at once took a leading position, not only as an eloquent advocate but for legal accumen and the extent and readiness of his resources in the trial of a case. As a criminal lawyer he was soon recognized as without a rival, and such was his extraordinary success that out of 62 capital cases in which he was counsel, he lost only one, and that client was a spy and a guerilla and was tried by court marshal. He was also employed in almost all the great civil cases of his time, amongst them the great India-rub- ber cases in which he was associated with Dan'l Webster. He was a grace- ful and eloquent speaker, and his power to^ charm and electrify his hearers, arose not alone from his irresistible powers of convincing and great person- ■'l ^1 i i idi BRA. UUtUi 0BLT8. BBA al magnetisin but was, to the cultivated hearer, increased by the charms of his diction and the elegance of his lan- guage. He took a prominent part in Soliucs, as everjr true American should o, but he invariably refused to accept office, saving onl^ that of corporation counsel, deeming it purely a professional one. In 1860 he was made a candidate for Governor of Kew York as a an ultra states rights man, that is believing that the reserved rights should be held in- violate, but he gave a general support to the administration of Lincoln in its acts to uphold the union. He was one of the commissioners sent b^ the gov- ernment to New Orleans to investi^te the acts of Gen'ls Butler and Banks. Mr. Brady wrote much for the magazines and periodicals and would undoubtedly have become equally eminent in litera- ture had he the leisure to give to the creations of fancy, taste and beauty, as he had a highly df ted as well as a pol- ished mind in this respect. He died suddenly in the very nudst of his fame and usefulness, Feb. 9, 1869. He was never married. BRA.DY, NICHOLAS, a poet and Church of England divine, bom in 1659, at Bandon, Ireland, was educat- ed at Westminster, Oxford and Dublin, held various preferments in Ireland and England, among others was chaplain to Wmiam HI, and became celebrated in London as a pulpit orator. He trans- lated the .£neid and wrote a tragedy; but is chiefly remembered by his version of the Psalms, executed in conjimction with Tate. He died at Richmond in 1726. BRADY, ROBERT, a physician and Ihistorian of the reign of tfames U, was bom at Norfolk, of Irish extraction, edu- cated at Cain's college, Cambridge, of which college he became master and re^us professor of physic. He was al- so keejjer of the records in ilxe Towers, Physician to Jamss U, and one of the representatives of Cambridge in porlia- ment. He died in 1700. His principal works, an Introduction to old Enghsh History, History of England, and some scientific works. BRADY, CAPT. SAMUEL, a fam- ous Indian fighter of the days of the Revolution, was of Irish parentage, his grand-father, Hugh Brady, having em- igrated from Ireland with his family,at an early period, and settled in Delaware. The wilderness in which the family settled, (five miles from where Shipp- ensburgh now stands,) was at the time thinly populated by Irish emigrants, and there the father of our subject, John Brady, grew up and married his wife, Mary Quigly, a daughter of the same fearless race. John Brady had distinguished hhnself in the French and Indian wars, and was a Captain in the £*rovincial Line. Our subject was boni in Shippensburg in 1758. In 1768 John Brady, with his family, removed to the westem branch of the Susquehanna, where Samuel lived until the breaking out of Ihe Revolutionary War, when, like his race all over the land, he volun- teered to fight the enemy of his race and liberty, and forming a company of rifiemen, he marchea for Boston. There he distinguished himself by many acts of daring in the face of the enemy, and was soon commissioned a first Lieutenant in Capt. Doyle's Com- pany, which company was raised in the Irish settlement in Lancaster county, and composed of yoimg men. He par- ticipated in all the principal engage- ments up to and including the battte of Monmouth, in all of which he was dis- tinguished for coolness and bravery. He was now a Captain, and was order- ed with his company to the west. On his way to the westem frontiers, he visited his home and friends, and found that his father, who in the meantime had raised a company and joined the 12th Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line, had been dangerously woimded at the battle of Brandywine. About this time his brother, who was also in the army, was murdered by the Indians, and shortly afterwards his heroic father metaUkelate. This so enraged our subject that he vowed vengaence against all Indians. He participated in the battle of Princeton and greatly distin- guished himst'Qf by the daring and suc- cessful manner in which he extricated himself and his colonel. Hand, also an Irishman of Lancaster, when nearly surrounded by the enemy. In 1780 he was stationed at a little fort where Pittsburg now stands, under Gen. Broadhead. All the west to the^ great lakes was in possession of the iiritish and their savage allies. Washington felt the necessity of learning what for^ ces might be orgaifizing in that quarter. BBE iBiBH csvn. BRA. «nd wrote to Broadhead to send a reli- able officer and a few men on a scout- bag expedition aa far as Sandusky. Broadhead at once selected Brady, who with a few trusty and fearless men, set out in May, 1780, on their perilous expedition. He arrived safely in the vicinity of Sandusky, made close ob- aervations on a camp of 8000 Indians, took a few prisoners, and started for home. The distance and difficulties of the expedition being greater than sup- posed, provisions and ammunition both were about out, and they were several days yet from home. Brady had but one charge of powder when he spied a deer, his gun missed fire, and while following the deer he suddenly came in sight of a large Indian Chief on horseback with a white child before and its mother be- hind him, followed by a ntunber of warriors marching in the rear. He de- termined to save u possible the mother and child; standing behind a tree he awaited his chance to i^oot without en- dangering the captives. At the click of the rifle the Indian dropped from the horse and with him woman and child. Brady, with a whoop that made the forest ting, called to his men in the Indian language to surround the Indians, and dashed forward to save the captives and aeciu-e the Indians' powder horn. The Indian warriors fearing to be surround- ed dashed into the forest but not until they had flred a number of shots at Brady. His own men too, when they lieard the whoop and shots made ofF, liavine no powder. Brady arrived at the Fort Mcintosh the next day with ihe rescued mother and child. With his men he now returned to Pittsburgh by water to report, and was received with an ovation, it having been report- ed by friendly Indians that the party were captured, Brady was the hero of numerous desperate encounters with the savages, in which he showed him- self master of Indian strategy. He be- came famous throughout the borders, and was conceded to be the hero of ■Western Pennsylvania. Gen. Hugh Brady belonged to the same far lily. BRADY, WM. MAZIERE, a distin- guished Irish divine and scholar, was bom in Dnblin in 1825, and was edu- cated at Trinity College, Dublin, He afterwards took orders in the Church of England, was appointed chaplain to Ihe Lord Lieutenant in 1851, and held successively the benefices of Farrachy, Newmarket, Eilberry and Downpat- rick. Be astonished his hearers in the Chapel Roval, Dublin, by boldly denoun cing the Establishment of the English Church in Ireland as a flagrant injus- tice ; and was consequently dropped from the list of chaplains to the Lord Lieutenant. He of course favored the disestablishment of the state church, holding that justice required those alone who believea in a religion to support it, or be taxed for its support. In 1873 he visited Rome and made his profession of adherence to the doctrines and au- thority of that church. He has been an indefatigable worker and among his works are "The Irish Reformation or the Alleged Conversion of the Irish Bishops on the Accession of Queen Eli- zabeth and the assumed descent of the present established Hierarchy in Ire- land from the Ancient Irish Church." "The McGillicuddy Papers," "Essays on the English State Church in Ire- land," "The Episcopal Succession in England, Ireland and Scotland." He still continues active as ever. BRANNAN, GEN. JOHN M., a distinguished American officer, who served both in the Mexican and the civil war, was of Irish decent and boru in 1819. He rose by a career of honor- able and brilliant services to the rank of Major General. ,,^_ ?':t| BREACA and BURIAN SAINTS, two holy maidens of Ireland, who were greatly honored in Britain. The for- mer was baptized by St. Patrick, be- came a religious, passed over into Brit- ain and established a community on the bank of the river Hagle, now called the Alan in Penrith. Her life was so saint- ly that she was honored by the erection of a church, which became famous for miracles performed through her inter- cession. Her companion was also held in great veneration. King Athelstan erected a church over her remains which was privileged as a sanctuary, and which had also a noted school of learning attached. These holy womeu died eariy in 500. BRENDAN, ST., of Clonfert, one of the most famous of the Irish saints, not only celebrated for his missionary labors but also for his voyages and dia» cpveries; was born about 483 in Kerry, BRE IRISH csi/m BRE and as a child was under the care of St. Ita, who devoted hei-self to the care and instruction of children. He received his classical education under Bishop Ercas, and was raised to the priesthood. He was noted for his zeal and apostolic spirit, and desirous of spreading the gospel among a neglected people he made inquiry among the original in- habitants (Tuatha — Danians) of the is- land, who were always noted as a sea- faring people, as to traditions of West- ern lands that had been visited at earlier periods. Among those he visited was 8t. Enda who had a monastery on one of the Arran Isles, and who was well versed in all the early traditions on the subject, St. Brendian returned home and prepared for his western voyage fitting tut his vessel in the Bay, now known by his name, and at length set sail on the broad Atlantic, directing his coui*se south-west. The accounts of this voyage which are numerous, state that: "After a long and rough voyage, his little bark being well provisioned; he came to summer seas, where he was carried along without the aid of sails or oars for many days (undoubtedly the gulf stream). He at length reached land, and with a portion of his com- panions landed and pushed into the wilderness to seek inhabitants. They traveled for fifteen da^s, and then came to a large river flowmg from east to west, (probably the Ohio). They did not penetrate the country any further, nor does the traditions state what work was performed or conversions made. The saint returned after about seven years, and undoubtedly must have been actively employed during that time, S< andanavian accounts of voyages and attempted settlements in America by princes of that race' from Qreenland about the year 1000 are very definite, and of undoubted authority. One of their accounts translated and published by Kafn, the Danish histoi'ian, admits that the Irish had already settled on the coast of America at more southerly parts, before their time, and they called the place "Ireland it Mekla" or Great Ireland, Jand that some of the Norso voy- agers visited them, " a white people different from the Esquimaux of the Dortn, having long robes or cloaks and frequently bearing crosses in 'eligious processions and their speech was Insh," Those undoubtedly were the remains of colonies who settled in the days of St. Brendan and prior to that time, and indeed every little while evidences of tk more cultivated race than the Indian is found along the coast of the United States, St, Brendan after his return settled at Clonfert where he founded one of the most eminent of the early Irish schools, and which gave to Ireland and Ji;urope many great saints and scholars. Its schools were of vast ex- tent and contained at times thousandH of students, not only from all parts of Ireland, but from Britain and the con- tinent. He himself became famous for his wisdom and sanctity, and was con- stantly consulted by the most eminent bishops and scholars. He was the au- thor of several works, among them, "Life and Mirades of St. Bridget." He died about the year 577 at a great age, (94 years,) and was buried in his Mon- astery at Clonfert. In confirmation of his voyage there are still many old MSS. In the "Bibliotheque Imperiale" at Par- is there are eleven Latin MSS., dating from the eleventh century, besidea many other scattered over the continent in Latin and Irish, besides the confirm- ation of the fact by the Scandanavian MSS, according to the testimony of Prof. Raf n, the Danuh Historian. BRENDAN, SAINT, of Birr, a man eminent for his learning and sanctity, was the son of Loralgine, a member of a distinguished family of Munster. He became a disciple of St. Finian, of Clo- nard, by whom he was held in the- highest honor for his virtues, learning and supernatural gifts. He was inti- mate with tie great Coiumbkill ; and foretold him on his leaving Ireland, what some of his future labors would be. He wrote some of his works in verse, and founded a monastery and school at Birr, He died in November, 671. A fact known to St, Coiumbkill at the time, although ihen in lona. BRIDGET, SAINT, one of the most eminent of the Irish saints, was bora about 468. Her father's name was Dubtach and her mother's Brochessa, and were said to have been Christians' at the time of our saint's birth ; this Is opened to doubt as according to the most ancient authorities, Brochessa waS' but a handmaid and slave, and it ap- pears under the Druidical religion, sO' among the Hebrews, it was permissible for rich men to take a handmaid to> BRI ntlBH CELTS. BRI wife. It is stated that the wife of Dubtach compelled him to dispose of Brochessa, and that he sold her to a Druid, but conditioned that he should return the child which she was then bearing in her womb. While the Druid was on his way home with Brochessa, he stopped at the house of a piouc Christian, who, while {^raying, is said to have received a divine intimation, that the child of the slave was destined for great things; and told the Druid that he must treat her kindly, and that innumerable blessings would come to his house. Our saint was born at Fau- gher, a village near Dundalk, but the native place of the Druid was Oon- naught, where St. Bridget spent her early years and was rearei by a Chris- tii^n nurse. Many wonderful things are told of her infancy, which fore- shadowed her wondenul gifts and graces. She grew up full of every grace and virtue, meek, kind and sweet in manner, and so entirely unselfish, that she gained the love and admira- tion of all, under the careful training of her mother. She developed a wondeii ul Sirit •f prayer from her tenderest years, er spirit of charity was not less mark- ed, while her spirit of obedience was not satisfied with carefully doing all she was desired to, but in anticipating every wish of her superiors. After some years Dubtach demanded her from the Druid according to agreement. Her parting from her mother and from her kind protector the Druid was her first freat grief, but though most heart- roken, she submitted with that meek- ness and patience which never forsook her during life. The Druid kindly al- lowed her mother to accompany her which was her only consolation. Her father received her very kindly, but her step-mother with coMness and con- tempt, which she did not seek t« con- ceal. She subjected her to ill-treatment, and tried to humiliate her by requiring her to do the most menial offices of the household. As her virtue and the ad- mhrable beauty of her character shone out more from the attempted degrada- tion, winning the love and admiration of all, so did the malice of this wicked step-mother multiply and increase, and she tried to poison the mind of her father against her, by putting wrong constructions on all her actions. It is said that about this time she accompan- ied a plouB woman to a synod held in the plains of Liffey, and that St. Iber saw m a vision, one whom he supposed was the Blessed Virgin, standing in the midst of the Bishops, but on beholding this child of grace, he recognized in her the Virgin of his vision. She was treated with great honor by the assem- bled Bishops, and it is said that mira- cles attested her great virtues and the singular favor in which she was held by her Divine Master. After this she was allowed to visit her mother, and while there, she had charge under her mother of the Druid's daily. Her ever burning charitv could not see want go unrelieved, ana when she was asked to make a return of all the proceeds, she became alarmed lest trouble might come from her generosity, and she fervently implored God to aid her. Her prayers seemed heard, for her gifts to the poor did not reduce the property cf the Druid. The Druid, seeing the tender attachment of the mother and child, and the pain that separation gave, was moved with compassion and gave the mother her fieeeqom, and told her to go with her beloved daughter. Their gratitude knew no bounds, and weep- ing with joy they blessed him, and he, it Is said, soon afterwards became a Christian. It is recorded also, that after returning to her father's house, she took the jewels out of the hilt of a sword which had been presented to him by the King of Leinster, and sold them to relieve the wants of Ihie needy. This came to the ears of the King, and being present at a banquet at her father's house, he called the little maid and asked her how she dared to deface the gift of a King. She answered that she did it to honor a better King, and that rather than see Christ and his children, the poor, suffer for want, she would if she could give all that Aer father and the king possessed, yen, "yourself too," If necessary. The Kinf; was struck with the answer of one ei young, and said to her father, nbo is priceless, let Qod work out in His own way His holy w ill, and do not restrahi the extraordinary graces conferred on her. About this time, according to Jocylin, Bridget assisted at an instruction ^ven by St. Patrick and had a vision. Pat* rick, knowing that she had a revelation, asked her to relate what she had seen. She answered, ** I beheld an assembly of persons clothed in white raiment; and I beheld ploughs and oxen, and BRI ntlSH CELTS. BRI Btauding com aU white, and immed- iately they became all spotted ; and after- waros they became all black; and in the end I beheld sheep and swine, dogs and wolves, all fighting and contending to- gether," and St. Patrick said: The whiteness represented the church of Ireland as it ,it was then, for all the prelates and servants of t!ie church were pure and faithful and diligent in all things. The things which were spotted belonged to the succeeding gen- eration, which would be stained by evil works. The blackness represent^ia the following and more remote times, V7hen the world would be profaned by evil and the renouncement of faith. The contest of the sheep and swine, the dogs and wolves, represented the contest of the pure and unpure prelates, and good and bad men, which in the lapse of time would come to pass. Bndget's step-mother having failed in all her evil designs, urged her father to get her mar- ried. As she was very beautiful, a most desirable match could be easily arranged but Bridget firmly refused and told her father tluit she had long since resolved to devote herself to God. It is said her step-brother lifted his arm to strike her for disappointing their wishes, when it became paralyz^. Having communi- cated her intentions of consecrating herself to God to some of her pious companions, thev resolved to accom- pany her. Havrng arranged all their matters, the band oi pious maidens di- rected their steps to Ussna Hill, in the County of Westmeath, where the holy Bishop Maccaile was. He graciously received them, and the next day they made their vows before him, he placed white veils on their heads and a white mantel or habit to wear. This took place in her sixteenth year, about 469. Some authors say it was St. Mell from whom she received the veil, but thev admit the presence of Bishop Maccaile. Bridget's first community was established at Bridget's Town near Ussna Hill, under the spiritual direc- tions of Bishop Maccaile. She govern- ed her house with great prudence, sweetness and firmness, and here her charities knew no bounds ; the needy never went empty away, and her char- ity and miracles soon drew crowds to receive benefits from her hands. Her work partook of the nature of the apos- tolic, for she is credited with the power of casting out devils, which she often used. She did not confine her lab03i or good works to her convent, but went about serving and instructing the poor, and reproving and converting the pa- gans, many oi whom she brought with- m the fold.. The fame of her works spread all over Ireland, and she was in- vited by many pious Bishops to estab- lish branches of her community in their diocese. It is said that once while at Ardagh the See of St. Mell, a great banquet was given by the Prince of Longford, at which a servant let fall a vase of great value and it broke in pieces. The Prince, in a rage, ordered the man executed, and St. Mell was called upon to intercede without avail. When he ordered the fragments of the vase to be sent to Bridget, when she im- nediately restored it to its original per- f/>ction, at which the man was pardon- ed ?nd many conversions followed. Stopping once at the house of a pious family who had a deaf and dumb child, and being alone with the child when a beggar called, she asked the child where the provisions were kept, who im- mediately answered, and the parents were filled with joy on their return to find their deaf and dumb one perfect. It is also related that she confounded a wicked woman who made a false charge against one of Patrick's disciples nam^ Bronus, by making the sign of the cross on her lips, compelling her to speak the truth. On this occasion St. Patrick appointed the holy priest Natfroich to be her chaplain and to accompany her on all her journeys. She visited the eastern part of Ulster and also Mimster establishing convents and performing wonderful works of mercy, curing me sick, giving sight to the blmd anaeven abating a pestilence. It is said while in Limercik a female slave fled to her for protection from her mistress; Bridget pleaded for her libera- tion, but the woman seized the slave, who clung te the saint for protection, and commenced to drag her away when her arm became paralized. She became frightened and begged the saint to restore her arm which she did on release of the slave. Bridget established her com- munities all over Ireland, found- ing convents, and placing over them the most worthy of her disciples. She spent much time in Connaught parti- tfcular in Roscommon, and established many convents throughout the province, besides gaining many souls to the faith PSI iitmti OBLTB BBI by her miracles. Her fame was now second only to St. Patrick's. He sowed the good seed and she was cultivating it to rich blossoms and an abundant harvest. While she was thus engaged, the people of hevown province Leinster became uneasy lest they should not be blessed with her ptresence again, so a deputation of prominent men were sent to invite her back to her native home. She consented, and returned with them. When they arrived at the Shannon which they were to cross, no boats were there, and some pagans who were present taunted Bridget saying, "Why don't you walk over, if your God is so powerful? " Some of the men asking uie prayer of Bridget and God's assis- tance immediately proceeded to walk across, which they did safely to the great discomfiture of some pagans and me conversion of others. Her tour through Ireland, establishing houses occupied about seventeen years, and they rivalled the monast. iesinnumbers, the sanctity of their inmates and the abundance of their charity. St. Bridget was received by the people of Kildare with great afiection and joy, and a large convent soon rose which proved of mestimable benefit to its people; a source of joy to the rich and benedic- tion to the poor. The convent of Kil- dai'e was erected about the year 487. Near it stood a great oak, which Brid- get blessed, and which stood for cen- turies afterwards, giving the name to the place which it retains to this day Eil-dara, Church of the oak. It finally yielded to time and relic hunters. Here our saint was visited by pious souls from all parts of Ireland, and even Britain ana Scotland, to seek advice, to abk her prayers and blessing. Saints, bishops and nobles came; mothers brought their children t* be blessed, the poor to be fed and the sick to be heal- ed. So great was the crowds that came that the place soon xtew up into a large town, the chief onein Leinster. Kings and nobles vied with each other in fav- oring it, and it was made a city of re- fuge. Bridget desired that it might be made a see and at her request, Con- lailh, who was an humble hermit, was made its first IMshop. It has preserved an unbroken line ever since, and is wne of the most ancient sees in Europe. Bishop Conlaith aided by Bridget built a Cathedral which in the course of time became large and imposing. Cogitosus, who wrote about 300 years after Bridget, describes it as extending over a large surface of ground and of an imposing elevation. It was adorned with paint- ings and contained under one roof three spacious oratories separated by wooden screens, while the wall at the eastern end of the church ran across the whole breath of the structure from side to side, frescoed with holy figures and orna- mented with rich tapestry. This had two entrances, one at each end. The one on the right was for the Bishop and his regular college, and through the other no one entered but the abbess- and her community. This church con- tained many windows and one orna- mented 'door on the right, through which the men entered, and another on the left through which women entered. St. Bridget was probably first amongst the saints of Europe who gathered into- communities holy women under certain rules of obedience. The Abbess of Kildare exercised control over all the convents of the Bridgetatine Order in Ireland, as is now the general custom with religious communities, being all subject to a mother house ; but inwose days it was not so, as the Augustinian nuns were subject only the superioresa. of the house in which they lived. The church of Kildare and its plate and pro* pertv belonged to the nuns, and this- mother house became in the course of time very wealthy from the gifts and largesses it continually received from the? rich and noble. St. Bridget was held in high esteem by the holy men of her day, as well as by the kings and princea of the land, who often came to profit by her advice and instruction. She stood sponsor for the nephew of Kinf Echodius and prophesied that he would , be raised to the episcopacy. He after- wards became bishop of Clogher, suc- ceeding St. Maccartln. She also fore- told of the birth and greatness of St» ColumbkiU. Bridget practiced the most severe aus> terities, spending her nights in prayer and contemplation, and as her body was not vigorous she suffered severely. St. Patrick highly extolled her virtuea and mission, ana looked upon her as one raised up by God to perfect the f:ood work he had commenced. She requently visited him for his blessing, advice and encouragement. She waa warned of his approaching end, and set out with four oi her nuns to receive hla H- ■''t f-l ^1 .'■I Ml 'i-i 'I M BRI IBISH CELTS. BRI dying benediction and to attend his ODsequies. Her life was filled with acts of mercy and charity. She labor- ed in every way to promote the glory of Ood, and the good of souls. The consolations of a life overflowing with good works, was hers, as she calmly and serenely awaited the inevitable call, a call to her full of sweetness and hope, as coming from her Divine Spouse for whom she so ardently sighed. She was forewarned of her approachingdeath, and told a favorite nun named Derlug- dacha of the event, who was distressed at the prospect of losing her beloved mother; but the saint told her to be con- soled for one year from the day of her death she would be united with her in heaven. The prediction was fulfilled and St. Bridget having received the Blessed Sacrament from the hands of St. Neunnidh, she soon after passed away in the odor of san -Mty on the Ist of February, 535, in the V2d year of her age. The venerable St. Conlath had died some time before, and was in- terred on one side of the high altar. On the other, the holy remains of St. Brid- get found a resiling place. Her tomb was the resort of pious pilgrims for centuaries, and innumerable cures were attributed to her intercession. During the- invasion of the Danes, her remains which had been enshrined were removed to a place of safety. This church was plundered by them in 881. The re- mains were subsequently deposited with those of St. Patrick in the Cath- edral of Down where they remained for nearly 400 years, or until the more bar- barous reformers plundered and de- stroyed the shrine. The relics or por- tions appears to have been preserved, for we find by Cardosus, that the head of St. Bridget was in a church of the Cistercian nuns near Lisbon, where her festival and an office is yearly held on the Ist of February, ana that outside church door was a slab with this in- scription, " In these three graves are interred the three* Irish Knights who brought the head of the glorious St. .Bridget who was bom in Ireland, and whose relics are preserved in this cha- T)el. Erected in the month of January, 1288." Few saints were perhaps ever honor- ed during their lifetime as was Saint Bridget. She was not alone regarded as a model of all sanctity, but also as a special friend of Ood, who could obtain any favor asked. She was consulted by holy Bishops, and it is said that her opinion was asked for by an Irish Synod and taken as authoritative and|the people called her, "Altera Maria, another ' 'Mary and Mary r -f the Irish. " Churches in her honor were xo^nded all over Eu- rope. In Ireland, her name is justly held in the highest veneration, and the praises bestowed on her by the saintly writers who were her cotemporaries, show that she was indeed preeimnent for saintly qualities, when so marked in days m which the Isle was filled with saints. The ruins of the ancient church of Eildare still exist* BRIEN, BOIROIMHE, one of the wisest, and most celebrated of the Irish Monarchs, was son of Eennede, Prince of Thormond of the race of Heber, who governed Munstsr during the per- fidious imprisonment of Keallachan, the king, by the Danes. It was Ken- nede, who planned the expedition by sea and land, which led to the release of the king and the tragic death of Sitrick, the Danish prince, byFiongall, the commander of the Irish fleet, who sprang with him into the sea, at the bloody naval action in the Harbor of Dundalk. Brien succeeded his brother Mahon on the throne of Munster, A. D. 056. He had already signalized himself against the Danes, as general of the Munster forces, and on succeeding to the throne, after chastising the murder- ers of his brother and O'Faolan, prince of Desie, who supported their quarrel, he turned his arms against the Danes, who bad made an alliance with the king of Leinster, and defeated them in several bloody battles ; compelling the Leinster people to pay tribute, and scourging the Danps out of those provinces. He also declared war against the Danes of Dub- lin and advancing against that city, he defeated them with a loss of 6,000 killed and after raising the walls he plundered the city and took hostages. The leth- argy, and criminal indifference of Malichi, the Monarch, towards the Danes, and their ravages, aroused the indignation of Bricn, and calling to- gether the princes of Munster and Con- naught, it was decreed by them that Malichi r' ould be dethroned and Brien placed in his stead, as one who had demonstrated his ability to curb the insolence and aggressions of the Danes. Bricn at once moiched with a powerful they BBI XBISH OBVn. BRI -aiaj to Tara, and compelled Mallchi to abdicate without a blow, who how- e!7er retained his title of king of Meath, his patrimony. The sceptre of Ireland, which had been held by the descendants •of Hermon almost uninterruptedly from the advent of the Celto-Milesians, now passed to those of Heber A. D. 1002. Having received the homage of O'Con- nor, king of Connaught, and the princes of that province, he entered Ulster with an army of 20,000 men, principally of his own tribe of Dal-Cass. He was re- edved with every mark of honor by the people, and by Maelmury, Archbishop ©f Annagh, and was visited here by Hugh O'lieill, king of Ulster, who ac- knowledged him as Monarch. Having thus without a blow, or a drop of blood, established his authority, he repaired to ' Tara, where he was solemnly crowned in an assembly of Bishops and Nobles. He immediately set to work to put pub- lic affairs into order, enacted new laws which were necessary to meet the changes in the times, and secure the pubhc welfare, and saw that all laws were strictly enforced, and respected. He made the resident Danes rebuild the -churches they had destroyed, as well as the monasteries and schools of learning. He re-established the great universities, which the ravages of so many years of war had ruined. He founded new ones, all of which he liberallv endowed. He encouraged, and honored all distin- guished for their learning, making science and knowledge flourish once again, as It did before the barbarians had visited the island, with their plun- dering expeditions. He also restored old proprietors to the possessions which they had lost by Danish plunder, built fortresses in every commanding posi- tion, in which he placed garrisons for the public safety ; repaired and paved the public highways throughout the kingdom, building bridges over the rivers, and marshes, so that travel mi^ht be easy and expeditious. He also caused to be adopted the use of sur- names, so as to more easily preserve the genealogy of families; the governing families taking the additional Mac. or O' to designate their descent from a no* ble and illustrious ancestor, O' mean- ing of and Mac. son of. Brien resided pnncipally at Kean-Coradh, on the Danks of the Shannon, where he held his court and transacted the affairs of the kingdom, assisted by a great con- course of princes f roqi all parts of the kingdom. Peace which had now reign- ed for about ten years, was unfortunate- ly broken by an affront which Mac Mur- chad, king of Leinster, and brother-in- law to the Monarch had received from Morrough, eldest son of the Monarch, while attending Court. He suddenly departed for his province without tak- ing leave of any one, and determining on revenge, he secretly made an alliance with 8itrick prince of the Dublin Danes, who privately sent an express to the king of Denmark for aid. That kin^ seeing a favorable opportunity of again getting a footing and possessions in Ireland, sent his sons, Charles Crot, and Andrew, in a fleet with 12,000men who were farther reinforced by 4,000 liwe^ians from the Hebrides. They landed in Dublin, and were joined by all tl^e Danes then in Ireland, together with the Leinster troops making a formi- dable army. The Monarch on behold- ing the gathering storm assembled hia gallant Munster men, who were flll^ with enthusiasm, the prestige of victory, as they recounted the heoric deeds of the past against these same enemies of their country, and under the same heoric leader who had led them twenty- flve times to victory, and who, although in his 88 year, was about to lead them once again. He was joined by the king of Connaught and Mulichi, late Moo arch, king of Meath, with their forces in all amounting to 80,000 men. He Sbve the chief command of the array to orrough his son, who led the right. He himself with O'Kelly prince of Con- naught headed the center, while Malichi commanded the left. Everythinc: being ready they pressed on towards l>ublin and found the enemy aw£ ^ng them, in a chosen jjosition, on thepiuinsof Clon- tarf, two miles from the city. The Irish troops, eager for the fray, advanc- ed against the enemy at 8 o'clock on the morning of Good Friday, April 28, 1014, when the most bloody and mem- orable battle in Irish history was fought. Malichi after the first brush on some flismy pretext remained with his troops an idle spectator of the conflict, but the remainder of the Irisli forces made up in valor what they lost or lacked in numbers ; for after a most desperate and sanguinary conflict, whicl>. lasted untill 5 o'cloclc in the af terno m, they gained a glorious and decisive victory ; and crushed the hopes and the power ■M BBI nUBK GBIAVL BBO of the Danes in Ireland forever. About 20,000 men lay dead on the field of battle, of whom 13,000 were Danes and their allies, and among them the king of Leinster and the two sons of the king of Denmark, Bruadar Admiral of the fleet, and many chiefs. The victonr was not however cheaply purchased. The gallant old monarch, after prod- igies of valor, at length retired to his tent to rest and pray, and although too exhausted to fight, his arms were lifted in prayer to the God of his fathers that success might crown their efforts ; while thus absorbed, he was noticed and recognized by a retreating band of Danes, headed by Bruadar, the Admiral, who slew him as he knelt ; but every man of them was put to the sword be- fore they could reach their vessels. Morrough son of Brien, and command- er of the Irish forces, was also among the slain as well as his son Turloii^h, and O'Kellv, prince of Connaught, with manv chiefs and lords. Thus ended the life of this glorious Irish monarch, who was as distinguished for' wis- don, as valor ; for greatness of soul as for military exploits. BRIEUC, SAINT, was born in Ire- land and flourished in the 5th century. He went to the continent to preach the gospel, and founded a monastery which was the origin of the present town of that name in the department of Cote- du-Kord-France. He converted large nnmbers of the Franks and other bar- barians to Christianity, and established schools where all the learning af the age was taught. BRIGGS, REV. WILLIAM, one of the most prominent and able ministers of the M. E. Church in Canada, was born in Ireland in 1880, and became connected with the Canadian branch of his church in 1850. H was soon re- cognized as one of its ablest membci-s, and is highly esteemed for his learning and eloquence. BRISAY. REV. THEOPHILUS, a protestant aivine, and first protestant clergyman who was stationed on Prince Edwards Island, was born in Tipper- ary, Ireland, in 1764, and was appoint- ed by Royal warrant to the parish of Charlotte, in 1776. He was acting Gov. of the island for a time, and was an able supporter of educational and other progressive movements on the is- land. He died in 1828. BRODRICK, SIR ALLAN, a law- yer of eminence, was bom in County Cork, Ireland, about 1680, and after having filled the chair of the Irish House of Commons, held successively the ofllces of Solicitor and Attorney General and Lord High Chancellor. Hie was elevated to the peerage in 1715 and created Vercount Middleton, in 1717. He died in 1728. BRODERICK, DAVID C, a talen^ ed American legislator and politician, was bom in the District of Columbia, December, 1818, of Irish parents. His- father was a stone-cutter and worked on the Capitol building, and it is said that some of the columns in the old Senate chamber, where his son after- wards sat among the greatest of the- land, were cut and placed by him. He died when David was quite young, and his widow, theninN.Y. City, had to sup- port her young family by toilsome labor of the humblest kind. Toung David con* sequently received but a rudementary education in the common schools of that city, and while yet but a child,, had to add his labor in aiding his moth* er to support the family. Being quick, bright and manly he soon puiuied hi» way along, and when large enough he engaged himself to learn the trade of his father. As he advanced towards manhood he took an active interest in' politics, and his natural ability and en- ergy soon gained him prominence in local politics. Ward and municipal honors were accorded to him, and he- did not fail to cultivate his talents tO' meet the positions in which he was placed, and his mind, clear and capa* cious, improved and expanded by his contact with cultivated men of the world. In 1849, when the golden vis- ion of California's richness burst upon the country, Broderick, like thousands of others, was dazzled by the prospects and he transferred his fortunes to the- new "Eldorado." His habits and in- stincts as a politician followed him to his new home and he quickly became identified with the active politics of the new country, and was a member of the convention which drafted the constitu- tion of the new state. Bold, fearless, energetic and talented, he was such a man as the stormy elements of the time •'\' BBO nUSH OOiLTS. BBO and place could admire. He became a leader of his party (Democratic) and was elected a state senator in 18/)0, and president of that body in 1851 . In 1856 after a hot struggle he was elected one of the U. S. senators from that state, and the little orphan boy of yesterday, struggling amidst the great sea of hu- manity in New York City for bread, is now the peer of Webster and of Clay, whose genius and eloquence were charming senates as he there started his struggle for bread. A brilliant future lay before him; he was but in the early prime of life ; and yet through the force alone of his character and commanding abilities, he not only, unaided, but op- posed by talented and cultivated states- men, mastered all opposition, and won a position which but few men of the same age (37) with every advantage — education, wealth and powerful friends — seldom attain. Nor did he prove un- equal to the high station, for although the U. S. senate, at the time of his en- tering, contained some of the greatest min£ that ever adorned that Dody — Webster, Clay, Calhoun, Cass, Benton — and questions of the gravest impor- tance were agitating Congress, yet the young senator took a prominent part in the great debates, and was not less not- ed for his manly independence and de- fiance of party dictation, especially as to the slavery (question, than for his commanding ability; earning the ap- plause and admiration of his great co- temporaries. On returning home in 1859 he became involved in some political and personal antagonism with Chief Justice Terry of that state, which ended in a duel, in which he was unfortunately killea, being at the time only 40 years of age. BROOKE, HENRY, a writer of abil- ity and merit, was born in 1706, at Kantavau, Ireland, and was bred to the bar. He was the friend of Swift and Pope, the latter of whom is said to have encouraged, if not assisted him, in his poem of Universal Beauty, which ap- peared in 1782. Darwin seemed to have made the versification of this poem the model of his own. Brooke's next pro- duction was the tragedy of Gustavus Vasa, which in consequence of its sup- posed political tendency, the licenser would not allow to be acted. The author however published it by sub- Mription and gained a thousand pounds. He soon after returned to Ireland, and received a government employment, which he held till his death, which oc- curred in 1788. One of the most fin- ished and popular of his works is the "Pool of Quality." His dramatic and miscellaneous works form four octavo volumes. BROOKE, PRANCES, whose maid- en name was Moore, was the daughter of an Irish clergyman, bom about 1720. Her first published production was a periodical called " The Old Maid, which appeared in 1755 and '66, she wrote the tragedies of "Virginia" and the "Siege of Sinope ;" besides the musical drama* of Rosinaand Marian, the novels "Lady Julia Mandeville," "Emily Montague,'*^ &c., and the memoirs of the Marquis- de St. Porlaix, also numerous transla- tion of letters and history. She died in 1789. BROOKE, GUSTAVUS VAU- GHAN, a celebrated Irish tragedian who stood at the head of his pro- fession in Great Britain. He was bom in Ireland in 1818, and was an actor of eminent naturalness and power and of great popularity. He was second ta none, perhaps, who ever trod the Eng- lish stage. BROOKE, REV. STAPPORD, a talented divine of the church of Eng- land, was born in Dublin, in 1882, and was educated at Trinity College in that city, where he graduated in 1853. He subsequently received orders. In 1857 he became curate of St. Matthews, Maiylabone, London, and became pop- ular by his eloquence. He was after- wards appointed rector of St. Jame'sand Bedford Chapels and in 1872 was mnde chaplain in ordinary to the Queen. Among his works are Theology of the .English Poets, " A Primer of English Jiiteratiure," "Sermons," &c. BROPHEY, REV. George, a noted and learned Irish divine, was born near Kilkenny, Ireland in 1776. His father took part in the Rebellion of '98, and was present at the Battle of Vinegar Hill, he was afterwards captured and executed by the British. Youni^ Brop« hey who from an early age was destined forthepriesthood,receivcd his education at Carlow College and at the Irish Col- lege in Paris, where he was ordained in . I. BRO IRISH CELTS. BRO 1789. Besides his classical learning he 'Was proficient at this time in the French, ^Spanish, Italian, English and Irish 'languages. While in France during theKevolution he became personally ac- Suainted with its leaders and considered Canton, Robespierre and Marat human fiends.. He had also many personal conversations with Napoleon and when Napoleon was taken prisoner by the English and was about being sent to St. Helena, Father Brr liey w"^ among the vast concourse, -■... >». lif \...ic'l to ?us last words on the sol,' ;;f S?rance. He «lso assisted at the ;^'.n!:ul ;>: 3quies held in 1883, whenthei«*>wirf«i,iUona- parte were brought back io nis be "d France for interment. He witne^^^e*' the attempt on the life of Louis Philippe by Fuschi, beholding the terrible ex- ;piosion and the havoc it caused. Fath- er Brophey attended the illustrious La- fayette in his last illness, assisting Arch- bishop Duponton and was there at the time of his death. In 1848 Father Brophey came to America and was ap- pointed pastor of St. Paul's Chiu'ch N. X. City. During his ministry there he built nine churches. Under his spirit- ual instruction the late Archbishop Bailey was converted from Protestant- ism and by his advice went to Rome, where he was received into the church. He became personally acquainted with many of the most eminent men of his •day and amongst them he coimted Presi- dents Tyler, Polk, Filmore, Pierce, Buchanan and Lincoln. He removed to Iowa in 1865, and although in his ^th year proposed to establish an Irish College and for that purpose purchased A large tract of land near Boone, but for some reason the project was never pushed forward. After some few years more of priestly labor he removed to Davenport, Iowa, and entered Mercy Hospital to spend the remainder of his days. There tenderly cared for by the dsters he spent the last years of his long iind eventful life, performing as he could the divine offices and minister- ing still to relieve the heavy laden. At length worn out with age he layed down his Durthen at the call of the Master whom he had so long and faithfully served. He died Oct. 16, 1880 at the great age of 105 years. BROME, ALEXANDER, a relative «nd friend of the succeeding, was a writer of considerable talent and spirit Satires, songs and epigrams without stint he poured out against the parlia- mentary party, during the struggle be- tween the parliament and the crown. He also wrote a comedy, "The Cun- ning Lovers," and edited an edition of Richard Brome's plays. He died in 1666. BROME, RICHARD, a dramatist of considerable merit, and cotemporary and friend of Ben Johnson, was a na- tive of Ireland, and on first comingto England hired out as a servant. He wrote fifteen plays, some of which were very popvilar m meir day. He died in 1653. BRONTE, ANNA, one of the cele- brated sisters of that nnme, whose lives fill us with mingled feelings of sorrow, admiration and regret. See the follow- ing sketch of Charlotte. BRONTE, CHARLOTTE, one of the most celebrated literary notables of her age, was the daughter of an Irish clergyman, Patrick Bronte, who short- ly before her birth became curate of a poor English parish at Thorton, York- shire, where Charlotte was bom, April 21, 1816, In 1820, they removed to Harworth to which her father had been appointed rector. About this time her mother died, leaving a family of little cUldren, who had in great part, to look to themselves for occupation and amusement. The limited resources of their father, compelled the chil- dren early to learn lessons of econ- omy and thrift, and sharpened and de- veloped the intellectual faculties of these quick witted children, surrounded as they were, by a people notoriously dull and unimaginative. In 1824 four of the sisters were put to school at a place called Cowars Bridge. Two of them died the following year from dis- eases contracted there, more from neg- lect, and bad and Insufficient food, than any other cause. Charlotte and Emily returned home, and for several years attended to household duties, but devoting much of their spare time to writing, more to satisfy a desire, than for any distinct motive. It tended however to develope Uielr natural powers and quickened their observation. In 1886 Charlotte was arain sent to school, where she remained two years. At this time adversity, lack of proper BBO naBn OEiyrs.^ BRO social surroundings, apart from home, and the loss of two of her dear sister companions, had made our little wo- man serious, if not despondent; with no desire for aught but serious' thoughts and the acquirement pf useful informa- tion. Although serious, her compan- ions at school soon found her interest- ing, as the developement of her ima- ginative piower and its practical train- m^ by writing had made her an inter- esting story teller, and she was often called upon to entertain them. In 1835 she was employed in this school as a teacher, but the drudgery wore upon her health and spirits, and she was com- pelled to give it up. : She then tried ae governess; but the family were unap- Ereciative and uncongenial, and she ad too much self-respect and indepen- dence to be continually slighted by in- feriors. The sisters then determined to start a school of their own, and for this Eurpose Charlotte and Emily went to Inissels to perfect themselves in French, &c. At the end of six months they were employed in the school as teach- ers. Emily remained but a year, and Charlotte remained two. In 1844 she returned, and they made arrangements to open a school; sent circulars, and secured many words of encouragement but when the day of opening came, no scholars appeared. Such was the hard fortune of these Indefatigable girls. They now divided their time between household duties and literary labors, and in 1846, produced a volume of poems, under the names of "Carrier, Ellis and Acton Bell." It did not prove a paying risk, and then each of the sisters set about writing a novel. Char- lotte produced "The Professor," Emily, "Welthering Heights," and Anne, "Agnes Gray." Charlotte nowhere found a publisher, but the other two, were more fortunate, and met with fair success. Charlotte, disappointed but undismayed, went again to work, and produced "Jane Eyre," which was published In 1857, and met with un- Erecedented success; and was translated ito most European languages. Thus was this indefatigable and herdc Uttle wo- man at length rewarded. All this time these modest but heroic girls were un- known even to their publishers, and were supposed to be men; especially as their assumed names "Currier, Ellis and Act- on," sounded that way, and before the world knew their indentity two of them had passed away, broken down by a hard< fate, disappointment and labor. Em- ily died in Dec, 1866 and Anne the fol- lowing May. Charlotte's only solace-' under her great afflictions was to write, and in Oct. '49 she published "Shirley" and through it her identity was dis- covered. In 1853 she published "Vilet- te" which was received with unbounded! praise. In 1854 she married Rev. Aj- thur NichoUs, her father's curate, and in March, 1855 she died. After her death, the "Professor," her rejected work, was published, and proved near- ly as popular as any. This family was- certainly a most extraordinary one, pos- sessing talents of a high order, deve- loped under the most un^'vvorable cir>- cumstances. Perhaps f r , .' 'ny work of the imagination ever > ibh sd, had as large a class of in+i'Mectv readers' as Jane Eyre, or ere . ^ c ., ;«.fe pro- found impression. BRONTE, EMII Y, sis er of the foregoing, and thr loving and loved partner of her woi'. or Joys, and her sorrows, was but liu j i any inferior to her in genius. The almost uniform' sadness of her life must bring tears tO' every eye, and every generous breast must feel regret and sorrow that she did not live to feel the sunlight which her countless admirers would so willingly surround her with. See preceding. BROUGHAM, JOHN, an eminent Irish-American actor, dramatist and scholar, was born in Dublin, May 8, 1810. He received his education at Trinity College, Dublin, where he grad- uated with honor. Chas. Lever, the celebrated Irish novelist, was one of his class-mates, and it is said his friend Brougham furnished him the tnodel for theonginalof 'Harry Lorequer.' Broug- ham studied medicine but never prac- ticed, his passion for the drama being so strong that he finally adopted the- stage, and made his debut in London, 1880, in "Tom and Jerry." In 1883 he joined the company of Madame Yestris- flrst at the Olympic, and afterwards at Covent Garden as general utility man, and in 1840 he launched out in the im- certain sea of theatrical management and met the usual success. About this time too, he made bis first attempt as a dramatist, and produced "Life in the Clouds." In 1843 he came to the U. 8. to better his fortune, and made his de> ■m / i If- W 1 ' 1.1 A 1 BBQ IRISH CELTS BRO but at the Park Theatre, 1<. Y., as "Tim Moore," in the Irish Lion, and he ■ever afterwards was a favorite with the American public. His unlucky star was a strong penchant for theatrical management wh*ch repeated misfor- tunes failed to cure. He founded Brougham's Lyceum, afterwards con- ducted by Lester Wallack, tried the Bowery and then Fisk's 5th Avenue, and lost money in every venture. He produced many plays, burlesques and adaptations, and was an elegant graphic and natural writer and constructor. Among his productions are, "The Haunted Man," and "Gold Dust." The most successful of his comedies, "Play- ing with IFire," was a marked success in l^ew York and Loudon. He wrote the "Duke's Motto," for Fechter. In 1861 he went to London and played a successful engagement, and returning to New York resumed his labors in both lines. The failure of the bank in which he deposited, swept away all his -savings, at a time too when he most needed them, for his health was fast becoming impaired. He however bore bravely up against his misfortunes. His great popularity with his professional brethren insured him a magniflcent benefit in which some of the most dis- tinguished American actors took part, and which realized for him $10,000. He did not live long to benefit by the kindness of his friends, for the disease, inflammatorv rheumatism, which had fastened itself upon him and had ren- •dered it impossible for him to practice his profession, soou attacked vital parts ^md he died June 7, 1879, in the seven* tietii year of his age. Brougham was not only an elegant writer and a polished actor, but he was a scholarly and culti- vated gentleman, and unrivalled as a conversationalist, overflowing with wit, humor and anecdote, supported by a lively and brilliant imagination. It may be easily conceived that he was ever the welcome guest of the social circle, as well as the idolized companion of those who loved a feast of reason and a flow of soul. He left an auto-biography and an unpublished Irish play called Home Rule. And here we must say that in his Irish characters John Broug- ham may be credited with having cre- ated a new and more worthy standard for the stage Irishman, discarding the low buffoonery which had characterized jthem b^ore liis time, he placed them on the stage full indeed of their native wit and humor, but with a dignity and depth of pathos eminently characteris- tic of that great and unrivalled race, and for which he is entitled to the ben- edictions of a people too long carica- tured, defamed and robbed, by the cunning of that huge fraud called An- glo-saxonism. BROWN, ANDREW, a patriot and writer of note during the American re- volution, was a native of Ireland, and came to America, in 1773, as a British soldier. He left the service, and es- poused the cause of the colonies. He fought at Lexington and Bunker Hill, and continued with pen and sword to uphold the cause. After the conclusion of the war he opened a school in Penn- sylvania, and some time afterwards started the "Federal Gazette," which he changed to the "Philadelphia Ga- zette " so as to divest it of a partisian appearance. His paper became very interesting and popular, it being the medium through which much