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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmis an commanpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivsnts apparaltra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »- signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmAs d des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd A partir de I'angia supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent ia mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 't.i.' COMPARATIVE CnrtONOLOGIGAL STATEMENT OP THE EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THE RIGHTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE CLAIMS OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE OREGON TERRITORY. ENGLAND. j 1578-81. Sir Francis Drake dis- i covered the north west i coast of America, from Cape Mendocino to the 48° of north latitude. AMERICA. 1712 Louis XIV. granted a patent to Antoino Crozat for the exclusive trade to Louis- iana. The patent states, •• that the territories pos- sessed by the King are bounded by New Mexico and by the lands of the Englisli in Carolina, and all the establishments, ports, harbours, rivers, es- pecially the port and har- bour of Dauphin Island, formerly called MaMacre Island — the River St. Louis, formerly cajled Missisippi, from the sea coast to the Illinois coun- try, together with the River St. Philip, formerly called the Missouri, and the St. Jerome, formerly called the Wabash, (th« KNOLAND. 1 768. Captain J. Carver, ol Con- necticut, (a subject of Great Britain) explored the sources of the Missouri and Missisippi. The object of his travels was "to es- tablish a port in those parts about the strait of Anian, which having been dis- covered by Sir Francis Drake, of course belonged to England." Carver gave the name Oregon, to the north west coast, from an Indian name afBxed to all the countries west of the Rocky Mountains. 1769. Mr.Hearne,anagentofthe Hudson's Bay Company, followed the course of the Copper Mine River to its termination at the Arctic Ocean. 1776. Captain Cook sails along the north west coast of America, from latitude 42° to latitude 70°. 1783. Acknowledgment of the Independance of the Uni- ted States by Great Britain 1762 AMERICA. Ohio) with ail the lands, countries, lakes in the land, and the rivers falling directly or indiioctly into that part of the River St. Louis, shall be and remain comprised under the name of the government of Loui- siana." fSet Map.) France cedes Louisiana to Spun. >■%-..- ..^m'-. ! 78G. I78G. ENGLAND. and definition of the terri- torial limits of the states. (See Map.} Several English ships trade for furs at Nootka Sound, and along the coast. Captain Meares visited the north west coast, and en- tered the mouth of the ColumbiaRiver; he named Cape Disappointment. 1 789-92. Alexander Mackenzie, (a British subject,) explored the Copper Mine River from the Great Slave Lake to the sea. 1 790. The right of Great Britain to the territories discovered by her subjects on the north west coast of Ame- rica, acknowledged by Spain.* ( Treaty. Oct. 28.) 179 1 -92. Vancouver sailed along the shores, and surveyed a long line of coast, in- cluding the entrance to the Columbia River. Lieut. Broughton, one of Vancouver's Lieutenants, took possession of the Co- lumbia River and the ad- joining country in the name of the King of England. AMUKU A. 1792. ♦Confirmedbythe first additional article to th« Treaty of 5th July, 1814. 1789. 1792. 1800. 1803. The Americans appear, for the first time, on the shores of North West America— the ship Co- lumbia, Captain Gray — Captain Kendrick arrives in Nootka Sound, and trades for furs. Capt. Gray,of Boston,e n- ters the Columbia, which had formerly been visited by Meares and Vancouver. France again acquires by treaty, October 1st, the territory of Louisiana from SpaiQ— " the same in ex- tent as it was when France formerly possessed it." The United States pur- 33074 f ENGLAND. 1804-5-6. The North West Fur , Company established trad- ing Posts on the main branches of the Columbia River. 1807. Convention signed at Lon- don between the Plenipo- tentiaries of Great Britain and the United States, for the settlement of Bounda- ries in America. The 3th Article states— That a ♦' line drawn due north or south (as the case may re- quire) from the most north western point of the Lake of the Woods, until it shall intersect the 49th parallel of north latitude, and from the point of such intersection due west along, and with the said parallel, shall be the divid- ing line between his Ma- jesty's territories and those of the United States ; to the westward of the said Lake, as far as their respec- tive territories extend in that quarter, and that the said line shall to that ex« tent form the southern boundary of his Majesty's said territories, and the northern boundary of the «aid territories of the United States. Provided, that nothing in the present article sliall be considered AMERICA. chase Louisiana of the French Government. 180.>6. Messrs Clark and Lewis, penetrate from the head of the Missouri, to the mouth of the Columbia River. »'■ . I^ i « « » "__. ENOLAND. to extend to the north west Coast of America, or other territories belonging to or claimed by either party in the Continent of America to the westward of the Stony Mountains. This article was approved b^ both Governments. Presi- dent Jefferson nevertheless wished that the proviso respecting the north west coast should be omitted, as it " could have little other effect than as an offensive intimation to Spain that the claims of the United States extend to the Pacific Ocean." — Letter July 30, 1607//oot Mr. Madison, Secretary/ of State of the United States. AMERICA. 1810. Abandonmentofthe Trad- ing Posts on the Columbia, by the Missouri Fur Com- pany. The Americans enter into an arrangement with the Russians to abstain from trading with the natives of the North West Coasts. 1811. Mr. Thompson, and a party of Englishmen, arrive 1808. 1810. Establishment of the Mis- souri Fur Company, on the head waters of the Lewis, and branches of the Columbia, (abandoned in 1816.) Formation of the Pacific Fur Company by John Jacob Astor. 1811, Foundation of Astoria, by the Pacific Fur Company, 6 1813. ISlii. 1814. 1817 EN(iLANI). and tako |)osscssioii lands oil the Columhiii. ol Astoria and all the Esta- blishments, Furs, Stock in hand, &c., sold by the Americans, to the North West Company. British Sloop of War, Racoon, takes possession of Astoria, and calls it Fort George. Treaty between Great Britain and Spain. The first additional article con- firms the treaty of 1 790. Mr. Bagot, the British En- voy at Washington, pro- tests against the occupa- tion of Fort George by the Americans, " contending that the whole region be- longed to Great Britain ; having been early taken possession of in his Ma- jesty's name, and been ever since considered as part of his Majesty's do- minions ; and that the 181'J. 1814. 1817. A mi: RICA. ut the mouth Columbia river. War declared United States Great Britain. of the by the against Peace of Ghent between Great Britain and the United States. 1st article of the treaty, states.— "All territories, places and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from the other during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty. On excepting only the ' islands hereinafter mentioned shall be re- stored without delay." By virtue of this article in the treaty of Ghent, the Americans send the sloop of war Ontario to take possession of Astoria. V ENGLAND. establishment there made by American citizens, had been voluntarily abandon- ed under an agreement with the North West Company, and which had purchased their effects, had ever since retained posses- sion of the coast. 1818. The English Government allow the Americans to re-occupy Astoria under protest, as the despatch of Lord Castlereagh to the British representative at Washington, states — "You will observe, that whilst this Government is not disposed to contest with the American Govern- ment the point of posses- sion, as it stood in the Co- lumbia River, at the mo- ment of the rupture, they are not prepared to admit the valiaity of the title of the Government of the United States to this settle- ment. In signifying there- fore, to Mr. Adams the full acquiescence of your Government in the re-oc- cupation of the limited position which the United States held in that River at the b-eaking out of the war, you will at the same time, assert in suitable terms the claim of Great Britain to that territory, upon which the American AMKRICA. 1818. The Americ^fis re-occupy Astoria. 1818. Convention between Gt. Britain and the United States. Article 3, states. «' It is agreed, that any country that may be claim- ed by either party on the north west coast of Ame- rica, westward of the Stony Mountains, shall, together with its harbours, bay, and creeks, and the navigation of all rivers within' the same, be free, and open for the term of ten years from the date of the signature of the pre- sent convention, to the vessels, citizens, and sub- jects of the two powers : it being understood, that this agreement is not to be construed to the preju- dice of any claim which either of the two high contracting parties may have to any part of the said country nor shall it be taken to affect the claims of any other power or state to any part of the KNGl.AM). settloiiicnt must Ik; coiisi- (Jori'd an oiuTdacl.iiiciit.'' *• l)l)\VIlilll,f StKM't, " Jamiaiy. '27th, 'SIB. " Intellij.'en('t! Iiaviiitr been received tliat, the Unitf.Ml States islodp of war Ontario has been sent hy tiie American (iovcrn- mont (o eslablisli a settle- ment on the Cohinibia River, wiiieh w,\s hehl by that State on the iirealciiig ont of the hist war, 1 am to acquaint yon that it is the Prince Regent's plea- sure, fwithoiit, however, admittinjj the right of that Govorntnent to tiie pos- session in question,) that, in pursuance of the first article of the treaty of Ghent, due facility should be g-iven to the re-oceiipa- tion of the said territory by tlie officers of the United States; and I am to desire that you would contribute, as much as lies in your power, to the ex- ecution of His Royal Highness's commands. •' I have, &c. &c. " Rathurst," 1818. 1819. AMI Kiev. said country) the oidy ob- ject of the high contract- ing parties, ill that respect, being to ])revent disputes and difl'erences amouf; themselves. Negotiation between the United States and Spain, called the Florida Treaty. The boundary line be- tween the two countries, west of the Missisippi, shall begin on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the River Sabine in the sea, continuing north, ■fM5 ■9m KNOI.AND. AMI, till A. along the western bank of tliiit river, to tlie M'J" of liititutlo ; ihoiicc l)y a line due north, to the degree ot" latitinh; where it strikes the Uio Uoxo of Natehi- toehes, or Red River ; then following the course of tne iJio Roxo westward, to the lejrree of longitude 10(> "vvustfrom London.and ,j;i^froni Washinglon ; then ciossing the said Red River, and running thence by ;i line iluo north to the River Arkansas ; thence following the course of the southern bank of the Ar- kansas to its source in lati- tude 4'2"north ; and thence by that parallel of latitude ♦o the South Sea ; the whole as being laid down in Melish's Map of the Unitefl States, published at Pliiladelphia, inproved to the 1st of January, 1818. But, if the source of the Arkansas River shall be found to fall north or south of latitude 42°, then the line shall run from the said source due north or south as the case may be, till it meet the said parallel of latitude 42°, and thence along the said parallel to the South Sea. All the Islands in the Sabine, and the said Red and Arkan- sas Rivers, throughout the 10 ENGLAND. 1824. Negotiation between Gt. Britain and the United States. Proposition of Canning and Huskisson — "That the boundary be- tween the territories of Great Britain and those of the United States, west of the Rocky Mountains, should be a line drawn from those mountains westward, along the 49th )arallel, to the nearest lead-waters of the Co- umbia, and thence down the middle of the stream to its termination in the Pacific : the British pos- sessing the country north and west of such line, and the Americans that on the other side : provided that the citizens or subjects of both nations should be at liberty, during the next AMKlllCA. course thus described, to belong to the United States ; but the use of the waters and the navigation of the Sabine to the sea ; and of the said Rivers Roxo and Arkansas, throughout the extent of the said boundary, on their respective banks, shall be common to the respective inhabitants of both nations. 1820 Florida Treaty ratified. 1820 Treaty with Mexico, Jan. 1 2. 1821 Mexico declares her inde- pendence of Spain. 1 8-. 11 !(!, to nited if the Ration sea ; livers insas, nt of their ill be ictive tions. 1.12. inde- KNGLAND. ten years, to pass by land or by water through all the territories, and to retain and use their cstablish- nents already formed in any part of them. (This project was not agreed to by the American Govern- ment.) 18*25. Treaty with Russia— It states the line of demarca- tion between the possession of the parties upon the coasts of the continent and the islands of America, in the nopth-west, is made to commence from the southernmost point of Prince of Wales's Island, in the latitude of 34° and 40°, and to run eastward to the Portland Channel, which it ascends to the 56° of latitude, thence it follows the summit of the mountains situated parallel to the coast, as far as the point of intersection of the 141° of longitude west from Greenwich, (passing through the w est side of Mount Elias,) and con- tinues along that nicridian, northward, to the Arctic Ocoan ; but wherever the said summit of the uioun- taius is more than ten leagues from the sea, the bouiidary runs parallel to the coast at the distance of ten leagues from it. AMKRICA. 12 1827. ENGLAND. The Russians are never to form an establishment sonth or cast of this line, nor are the British to form any on the other side of it ; but the British are to enjoy for ever the right of navigating all streams, which may cross the said boundary in their course from the interior of the continent to the sea. The navigation of the inland seas, gulfs, harbours, and creeks, on the coasts, for the purposes of fishing or of trading with the natives, is left free to both parties for ton years ; and the port of Sitca, or New Arch- angel, is opened to British subjects during the same period. Convention with the United States — Providing " that all the provisions of the third article of the convention of Oct. 1818 i should bo indofinately con- i tinned, in force, each party being however at liberty after the 20th Oct. 18-28, to annul and abro;.'iitc tho engagement on giving due notice of ]•> months by either party." AMEKIcA. 1827. Convention with Great Britain -"Ap 1.— Allthe provisions of i 3rd Arti- cle of the V. V nvention concluded between the United States of America and his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, on the 20th of October, 1818, shall be, and they are hereby further indefinately extended and continued in force in the same man- ner as if all the provisions of the said a:^icle were herein specifi''aliy recited. 13 KNOl.AND. AMERICA. «« Abt. 2.— It shall be com- petent, however, to either of the contracting parties, in case either should think fit, at any time after the 20th of October, 1828, on giving due notice of twelve months to the other con- tracting party, to annul and abrogate this Con- vention ; and it shall in such case be accordingly entirely annulled and abro- gated after the expiration of the said term of notice." " Art. 3.— Nothing 'contain- ed in this Convention, or in the 3rd article of the Convention of the 20th of October, 1818, hereby continued in force, shall be construed to impair, or in any manner affect, the claims which either of the contracting parties may have to any part of the country westward of the Stony or IJocky Moun- tains." SUMMARY. The Americans found their claim to the Oregon Territory — 1st— On the purchase of Louisiana from tiie French in 1803. 2nd~0n the rights they acquired from Spain by the Florida Treaty. 3rd— From the discoveries and settlements of American citizens. I. The purchase of Louisiana from the French, in 1803, can give no title to the Oregon and the district of the Columbia, as the boundaries of Louisiana never extended beyond the sources of the rivers Missouri and Missisippi, and if we give the fullest extent to the Louisiana claim, it was bounded by the Rocky Mountains. (See Map.) IL The region acquired from Spain by the Florida Treaty. The claim of Spain could aiise only from the discoveries of her navigators. Sir Francis Drake was undoubtedly the first European who sailed along this part of the north west continent of America. The voyages of the Spanish navigators were subsequent to Drake's voyage. Spain acknowledged the right of Great Britain to tliese territories, by the Convention of 17:K), and confirmed the Convention of 1790 by the Treaty of 1814. The American Treaty with Spain was not rati- fied until 1820, so that, if Spain had any rights, Great Britain had acquired them by the prior cession. 16 III From the discoveries and settlements of American citizens. If priority of visitation gives the right to the territory. Sir Francis Drake visited the shores of this country in 1581, Captam Cook m 1777, Captain Meares in 1786. Vancouver and Broughton m 1791-2. The J American navigator did not appear until 1792. If exploration of the rivers and lands give the right to the territory. Captam Carver, a sub iect of England, had visited the source of the Oregon River m 1768. The North West Fur Company had established trading posts on the Columbia River in 1804 ; it was not until 1806 that Messrs. Clark and Lewis, an American expedition, passed down the valley of the Colum- bia to its entrance into the sea. If America contends that a propr.e- tary title has been acquired by the first visitations and explorations of her citizens, she can only be entitled to a very small portion of the territory ; inasmuch as her citizens have visited but a very small por- tion of the country-the greater part of it having been pre-visited by the agents of the Hudson's Bay Company, who are the subjecU of Great Britain. The Law of nations has hitherto been. " that the navi- gators of any nation, who first visited the shores of any country, acquired for their Sovereigns, whose subjects they were ; not only the shores, but the rivers running into the seas they visit." Upon this principle have all the Colonial possessions of Spain, Portugal. France, England, and Russia been secured. ATLAS, NEW \VVIJ)'S MAPS, AND GLOBES. Also, just Published, WYLDS GENERAL ATLAS. A General Atlus of the World, rontaining 65 Maps, Coluuihier folio, full coloured, ill. Ua., half bound. GENERAI. ATIiAS OF THE WORLD, containing 31 Maps, full coloured, (i/. iU-. half-bound. QUARTO ATLAS OF THE WORLD, fiill coloured, containing 53 Maps, 2/. 12«. (id. hulf.bound. * VTVImU'S school atlas, with copious Index, 12«. WYLD'S MISSIONARY ATLAS, I4.v. atlas CLASSICA, 12«. These Atlases contain all the recent discoveries. NORTH AMERICA. NEW MAP, describinfc the Boundary Lines between the Territories of GRFAT ItKirAIK and the UNITED STATLS, &c., Seven Sheets, Six feet high bjr Five Feet Ten Inches wide, 1/. I6s. 6d. in Sheets; mounted on Roller and Varnished, 3/. 13«. Gd. MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, and the relative positions ot the OREGON and TEXAS, One Sheet, 3«. MAP OF THE OREGON DISTRICT, U.; in Case, 7«. M. CANADA. A NEW MAP of the PROVINCE OF CANADA. One large Sheet, 12s. ; in Case, iGs. BRITISH POSSESSIONS IN NO'lTH A.MERICA, with the UNITED .^I'ATES, Two Sheets, 12s.; in Case, I6s. UNITED STATES, Four sheets, jLI Us. 6d. ; in Case, ^2 28- ATLANTIC STSAM PACKET CHART, Through the Packet Routes to the United States, and the West Indies, in Case, 7s. 6d. NEW BRUNSWICK WD NOVA SCOTIA, describing the New Settlements, Townshipb, &c., including the Islands ut Cape Breton and Prince Edward, two Sheets, 14s., in Case, 20s. MAP OF INDIA. With the Civil and Military Stations marked, and a Polymetrical Table of Distances. One large .Sheet, 158. ; i i Case, jCI. INDEX TO THE NAMES OF PLACES IN INDIA, Containing the Names of many Thousand Places, with the Latitude and Longitude Hound in (!loth, 10s. (id. INDIA, 4to. 1?. 6d. ; in Ccse, 2s. 6d. OVERLAND ROUTE MAP TO INDIA, with the Line of Road and Steam Packet Routes ; one Sheet, 9s. ; in Case, 12s. WYLD'S TWELVE-INCH GLOBES. Containing all the Modern Discoveries, No. 1, Black Stands, .£'3 15s. 6d. No. 2, Mahogany do. jt3 18s. 6d. No. 3, Mahogany Cottage Stand, elegant, Jt6. No. 4, Ditto chair high, do., £6 6a. Koud Books, Guides, and Itineraries of all kinds, Published by JAMES WYLD, '^'iOCRAPHER TO THE QUEEN AND H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT, Charing Cross East (four doors from Trafalgar-rjunre); and 2 Royal Exchange, LondoR. Printed by W. S. Johnson, 60, St. Martin's Lane.