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32X

REPOETS

RELATIMO TO

(r-y-^

The Albert Cannel Mines, th) i'hert
Eailway, Shepody Harbour, and Mary's
Point, New Brunswick.

'f^mmmm^' iwmmmmmmmimmm

mw I III ipiip

■PlWPliP

1
1

^j K^' ^^^^

illap

or THE

INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAYS,

SHOWING

THEIR CONNKCTION WITH 7TIE RAILWAYS OF CANADA

AND or

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ,

AND WITH

THE ALBERT RAILWAY & SHEPODY HARBOUR .

{

-IB

TJEPOl^TS, &c., rchd'ing to (he \\a\va\x Cannel
Mines, the Albert Hailway, Siiepody IIar-
noiJii, and Mary's J'oint, New ]3ri nswtck.

SIIKl'ODV lIAliBOUll,

Insidp of GrindstoiK' Island, is capacious and safe, liavinir,
from its southern cxtrrnnty at Mary'> I'oint to flu- UKUith of
ftlu'pody Uivi-r, a harbour lim- of two uiili-s in lenuth 1)V up-
wards of lialf a niilo wide", with from two and a half f<) full
five fathoms water at huvest sprin/j tides. Insidi- tht' I.iiiht-
house and IMary's rivf it is })r<)tecti(l from all winds except
due S.W., which, howi'Ver, causes no stre//y (he reef hcnflnt/
doicn the yowjticst sed. The onlv suill in the harbour is
from S.E., but is never suflicicnl to be cau>e of danger to
the smallest craft. A lighter laden with deals has been known
to ride out the severest <;ale in perfect safety.

Shepody is the only low w.iter harl)our and place of refuije
above St. John, 'i'he anchorage is exceiUnt. There is but
little nu> of tide or drift ice in the harbour ; the strength of
tide and run of ice bein<ij outside Grindstone Island into
and out of the l*etitcodiac and Memramcook rivers. All
persons acquainted with the navin;ation of the bay are of
opinion that the erection of tlie wharves and piers necessary
for the business of the Albert Uailway will reiidir SliejHjdy
Harbour perfectly safe and free from ice at all seasons.
N'essels lie safely at the wharves at Mary's Point, and depart
thence durinfr all months of the year.

The facilities which ShejKxIv Harbour ])resents as an orenu
outlet of the railway system of the Ihnni/uon of Cdiinda and
as an cntrefjot for the l)usiness of the vast interior, for
manufacturinf; (beintr in the in)mediate vicinity of large eoaf-
feld.s), for .stiiphui/dififf, for .s/tippin'j; ; for buildini; break-
waters, piers, wharves, &c,, cannot be surpassed, jf (quailed,

at jniy oilur port in tlic Hav of Fimdv. 'I lie supply <>f
w«>»i() jukI stoiu' on till' spot iiiul ill till' viiinity in praitii-iiiiy
uiiliiiiitcd.

Slirpody is tilt' fif'ftn sf (ii'ftiftifi/r on f let tit Ifir /Jlmitir for
nil tlu' \ast iiit( rior travirsid by tin- (iraiid 'I'nmk and
Intiiidldiiial railw.iVN, It is ncait r to <^;in lu c and ail ( anada
l)y I K) iiiiIrN than liaiit'ax. and i>y /)() or (iO niiUs than St.
John ; nnd is nothiiii; inlrrior to cither as a point of de-
])aitnri' or iniportaiion to or from any part of thr woild.

As a naval and niilitary station for the Dominion of Canada,
Shcpody pns>('SMs spriial ail vanta<r«. s. It is wrll in tlu;
intt'ii<ir, and, havinj; hut om- narrow riitrart'c, tlu- haihonr
can hi' compK't "ly fortilird at littli' co'^t hy difrnsivi' uorks
on Mary's Point and (Jrindstonr Island.

/\s an tini^rant port it is piohahly w itiioiit its ((inal in ."11
thr Dominion. It is in the inmu'diati' nriiihhonrhood of thi'
rirli -iiii ii\iltiiral ronimiiiilliis wiiiih sunound thr Hay of
]''nndy and lis trihntaiirs ; and the lisht'rirs. ship-hnildiii;^,
niininii;, (piarryin;:;, himhi'rinii'. and otiur indiistrirs whirh
floiirish in all this riM-ion, oll'cr a yarirty of pursuits and
ct-rtainty of i'm])loynu'nt to all classis ()f inii^rants froi • 'lu'
nionifnt ol' thur arrival.

Stafi'mviit o/' C'ai'tatn' ItoiiriiT Hissfi.t..

1 nm a nntivc of Slicjiody, County of Alhirt, niiit now in my sixtieth year. I
liavr t'tillowcd tlic sea siiu'i' 1 wns twelve yeiii's (if ime. 1 ('(ininiaiidetl a Nt-sscl
tor twenty jeai> in the (•iiislinif trade in tlie \\',\\ ol Fiiiwly, ami have tor many
years lieen a jdlot in tlie lu iid-wut«rs of the Hay. I am tlioroui/ldy well a<'-
(jiiaintcd with the harlimii' ;it Miry's I'oiiit, and cdn^ider it the hot and safest
in the i5:iy. 1 liave frecpn uted it at all tiines and seasons, and never lost ;> rope
yarn. It is the only low water harlxmr and plaee of relive ahove St. .jolm, and
it possesses all the aiKantagi's an<l re(|uisite.s for a lar^t! trade and hhipiiinj;.

August 2Hth, IHCr.

RoilKIlT Rt'SSKM,.

Cai'Taix Gko. Wood, nf Shvpody.

I have been for twmty-fivo years engaged in the eoastinsr trade in tlie Ray of
Fundy, and am well accjuaintod v\ith the harbour railed Five Fathom Hole at
the mouth of Shepody river.

This is a safe and commodious Iniriiour formed by Mary's Point and Grind-
stone Island. 1 have been for si.\teen years a Master Mariner, and durinji that
period, and at all seasoTis of the year, 1 have fretjuented this harbour, and know
the soundings as laiil down in the Atlmiralty chart to be correct. There are five
fathoms at dead low water, immediately off the end of the reef running out

ipply of
iutiiMlly

"fifir for
ink .'ind
I ( '.-inadii

lll.lM St.

of (K'-
•1(1.

C'mi);i<I.'i,

I ill the

li;irl)()ur

I' works

liom MuiyN I'liiiit, iit llic v»>ry lowest tidw ; iind tlii' luii-horHKtt In in'ifirtly i»ft'
fiiHii Jill tMiiclx, 'r.iKiin; till' rn'f /iH a tiMimliitiiiii, ii tiriiikwiiicr or pier I'oilld
.'iiojly III' I'oiistrucli'il ut wliicli vt'^iilit iil' lurgu tuiiiittgi! I'lmlil loud mid diti'liiirgu

Ut low WrttiT.

I'lii' iiiii!iori»if«' (rrnnnd in di'i'p wnfrr in (if i«m|>lf rxb-iil for u lurn*' lli'i-f of
v«'!<"«'l>i, ami I cim >.|m ik witli r"iitiil(iiri of itn urtiit i«iifi'ty. I 1/iy tlnrrwilti

Tiiy M ■^'^rl ciilltd i| Aiiilurtt " durinx tlir i{ul(t of tlit- Jiid Aiiuuitt iiutiint,

« Inch wiiM till- iiiot( m-verf within my ici-oll. rtimi. I wan hound in St. J. dm,
hilt Iniiitj overtHkni hy the itiiU* 1 ran in tlii'rc for «hrltfr. Tlii' wind wim from
till' iii(i'«t ix|H))*td ((ii.irtir, hilt I fouk ik injury; and othiT vi-jisrU lii*iivily
ludrn riiili- out tiic ifm in itfrfci't M.iii'ty.

I (-(iiisid'r ilii« harliour tlic hcHt in the Day of Fiiady. und motit i-oiivuuicnt
for ihi" |iiir!'o*< 1 i(f f.\ti'ii>ivr tru li*.

August 20i:., 1HIJ7.

Ctf.o. WooiJ,

lal in ."U
(! of the
Hay of
)iiil(lin(r,
•s wliiili
nits and
fioi ' the

Cai'taiv W.m. Wood.

1 have bci-n for cijrhti'cn yean onin/cd in the. coast'nj^ trade in the Bay of

Futiily, and am wi-ll a<'i|iiuini" ' with l-'ivi' l''ath'>:'.is hailiuur Sli»'|io(ly) I
contirm tlu- lori'i.'o-iii; !<taliiiier i all juirlii'uli ■'. I havf laid liifu during a
storm with niiwurds of tweii'y vessi'ls, i oni' oi which took any injury.

William Wood.

■th yonr. I

Iril a vessel

e tor many

ily well ae-

and safest

lost a rope

.lolin, and

Slalement c/ Captain' i\ A. Scott, of !f>'r Majesfifs Navy.

I fully airn-e with Ciptiiin'- Rus-<ell and Wnod in thrir stati'iiicnts as to the
oajialMlitics of iM^'e Fathoms llarhiiur. at llic mnutli of Shejmdy Hivor. My
knowledge of the anehoraffe is iXtTWudUnnx the ncfiial siirreti ^)\ it, and from
having: u>ed it for year?-, while pruM-eutiiiu llu' llydni.'raihic Siirvry id' that
purl of the eou-st. It is, in laet. the only sufr aiiehora;;i' iii llial part of the Buy
of Fuiidy uvuiluble at low ivatfr, and is much frei|Ueiiled in bud weather.

P. A. Scott.

.UHSKLL.

the I?ay of
nn Hole at

mid Grind-
ilurinjj that
, and know
ere are five
unninc; out

•

lieport of ^\\\ CiiAULEs Komi, Civil and Mininii' Eii^^intHT,
on Mincr.il Lands belonoino- to ('. J). Auciiiijai-u, Ksq.,
F.U.S,. \\\ Albert County, New Hucxswick.

Tlie propi'rfy to whieh my attention was more partieularly directed consists of
about (i.O'MI acr»;s of land, situated in a rich mineral district. It is further, for
the must part, covered with a heavy growth of valuable timber of various kind.s ;
and, when cle.nred, will constitute excellent farming land. It possesses, niore-
over, jieeuliur facilities and advantages as regards accessibility and transportation
of produce both by land and sea.

Till most remark'ible and valuable products which characterize this part of
your property consist in vast deposits of a highly bituminous mineral '•e>embling
Ca.snil (,'()al, or more nearly allied to the Hoohkad mineral of Scotland, by

v^'liich it is undoilaiil, and wliicli has been proved to be a most valuable
niatfrial tor the production of iil'iniinatinL; and othiT oii.s an<! gas.

You have already reieived iVmn various lonipetent, scientitic, and practical
auiiioritits, ample rcjiorts, l)otli in regard to tlie quantity, ipiaHty, geological
condiliiius, and econonut: value of ihis mineral product. These reports have
been sul)niitted to me, aud iiaving visited the various out-croppings, and
examined all the pits, shafts, drifts, and other openings, as well as the general
geological structure of the region, I am enabled from personal (d)servation fully
to verify and corroborate these slatenuuts. insofar as regards trie ijuantity,
mode of occurrence aud facilities for uiinint;. 'J'heso observations, which include
sonu' ini})ortant discoveries made subsequent to the i)revious reports, place it
beyond a doubt that over a S])ace of at least three miles in length, by a quarter
of a mile in 'average breadth, you have on your property an aggregate thickness of
at least 'M) feet of the l/pst i/tinli/_i/ of rtnuirlitc, such as that submitted for ex-
perimental examination by the various clieniists aiul manufacturers, aud reported
to yield, according to the samj)les tested, from 45 to C'J imperial gallons of crude
oil per ton.

The country is undulating, and is intersected by numerous ravines, in which
the beds or veins are found cnit -cropping several hundred leet above the natural
drainage levels, thus atlbrding access and convenience for the extraction of the
mineral by the cheapest system of miniiuj.

The pits and other vipeidii^s nuule, although not prosecuted to any consider-
able depth, are amply sutlicient to enable me also fully to verify the statements
made in regard to the increasi/ii/ fhic^npus aud richness of the deposits, which
may tlu'refore be considered practically inexhaustible.

Although the structure of the formation on the whole is sufficiently regular to
atl'Mrd amjile assurance that the veins will prove ti) be persistent, I found, oti
some parts of the ]iroperty, indications of slight local disturbance, such as occur
at the celebrated Albert Minus, situated a few miles to the east, aiul nearly in
the same geological position, aiul which, in conjunction with other sigmticant
circumstances, lead to the exjiecration that similar rich and valuable de|)iisit8
may, on nufe minute e\a'iiinatit)ii, be found on yiuir jiroperty. ConsiiU'ring
the slight indications which led to the discovery of the Albert Mines and the
similarity of conditio is here, as well as the actual ociiurrence of Albert coal,
although in a more dill'used form, on your prcjierty, such an expectation seeni3
reasonable.

A considerable proportion of the territory comprised within the property is
underlaid by rocks of the Metaniorphic Devonian age, which, in New Brunswick
are rich in ores of copper, manganese, and other valuable metals. Rich indica-
ti(uis of cooper ores have been actually found in a vein on your property, and
niani.:ani'se has been mined in the ueiiihbourliood.

Of late years the abundant sujiply of petroleum from natural springs has
greatly restricted the production of oils by the distillation of solid materials.
There are, however, in view of the prol)able largely increased demand for crude
il as iiji'inl f'li.el, and iov (/as manufacture, iS:e., many reasons for bidieving that,
with so rich a material and in a district so favourably situated as yours, this
branch of manufacture, if extensively, systematically, and economically carried
out, will com|)ete successfully even with the natural sources of supply, which are
at the hot jireearious and generally involve much expensive transportation.

For the nianulaciure of illuniinalin;/ f/a.s, the better qualities of ytnir cannel
appear, from the reports and from careful estimates of the cost of mining and
shipping, to he fully capable of bearing the expense of transportation to the
great cities on both sides of the Atlantic, while still yielding a very handsome
])rofit upon the optTation.

The tuuber with which this property is densely covered consists of maple,
heach, and birch for barrel-making, and fuel ; spruce, hemlock, tir, })itch, j'lie,
aud li:i<;mata<- for ship -building and ordinary building jnirposes, railway ties,
bridges, \c. The fore.-ts have been for the most part untouched, and many of
the trees ha\e consequently attained a very great size.

)st valuable

id practical

, gt'ological
•|iorts have
)ltiiigs, and
the general
vation fully
ic (juantity»
liich include
ts, jilaco it
jy a quarter
thickness of
ttfd for ex-
nd reported
JUS of crude

Ls, in which

the natural

:tion of the

ly consider-
l; statements
osits, which

y regular to
I found, on
Lich as occur
ul nearly in
r signiticant
ible deposita
ConsiiU'ring
ini'S and the
Albert coal,
tation seems

; jiroperty is
!v Brunswick
Rich indica-
roperty, and

springs has
d nuiterials.
id for crude
lieving that,
s yours, this
cally carried
ly, which are
rtation.

your cannel
f mining and
tation to the
ry handsome

ts of maple,
, pitch, 1 ne,
railway ties,
and many of

THE ALBERT RAILWAY AND SKEPODY HARBOUR.

The value of these various propi^rties will be very niateriully enhanced by
the construction of the Ai.hkrt Cuuntv Railway, designed to run from a
l)i)int on tlie European and North Aniericim Railway to the lieat and most con-
venient harbour on tlie Bay of Fuiidy in Albert County, such harbour being
undoubtedly that formed by Mary's Point and Grindstone Island (Shei'ody) at
the mouth of the Petiteudiac and Slu'poily rivers.

This Railway wil! intersect tiie rich nimenil districts seme of the features and
resources of wiiich 1 iiiive endeavoured to describe ; and, besules opening up a
rich agricultural district, will connect by short branches with the Albert Mnies,
Ililsborough Plaister works, &c. It will prove a uio.-t valuable adjunct to tiiu
European and North American, and especially to the Intercolonial RaUway,
which wid be tapped at its northern terminus by the All)ert Railway, the whole
length of which to Siiejiody Harbour will be about thirty or thiriy-tive miles.

Tue Harbour of Mary's Point (^Shepody) will artbrd a safe anchorage for a
large fleet of vessels with at least twenty-hve feet of water at the lowest tides,
and IS said to bf o\)fi\ at all seasons; wlnlv the adjacent sliore is highly favour-
able for the estat)lishment and growtii of a large town or city.

The advantages of such a harbour, in immediate connectiou with the Inter-
colonial Railway can scarcely be overestimated, affordnig as it does th(> most
direct point of shipment tor the rich products of the western and central parts
of the Dominion of Canuda, and for the exiensivc lumbermg districts of New
Brunswick. At the same tunc tlie peculiar mmeral and other resources of the
district, for which an extensive demand will probably spring up in the western
cities, must contriLiute largely to the return freights.

Tiie construction of the Bay Verte Caiud, between the Gulf of St. Lawrencj
and the Bay of Innidy, is only a question of time, and when eft'.cted will add
immensely to the importance of the proposed new harbour and railway as the
nearest available point of shipment from the intercolonial Railway and New
Brunswick to iLurojie.

Tiu! Albrrt Railway, Tor about two thirds of the distance, will pass through a
country peculiarly (av( urable for the construction of such a work. The remain-
ing tiiird — being the central division — although it must traverse an elevated and
undulating region, presents no unusual engineering dithculties. The steepest
grade will mii exceed sevenry feet to a mile. It is conridently anticijiated that
the Government subsidy of ;. lO.d';-) (ten thousand dollars; per mile wdl amply
sutlice to defray at least one half of the cost of construction and equipment of
the whole line.

CHARLE.S ROBB,

Civil aud Mining Engineer,

St. John, N. B.,

21th September, 18G7.

Ao/p. — In view of the great discoveries made since the date of previous
reports, it maybe thought that I under-cstimate (juantity ; but it should be
borne in mind tliat I only take into account the very best No, 1 quahty— C. R.

Sir William Logan-, tlic chief of tlie Geological Survey
of Canada, savs: —

I consider Mr. Cliarlcs Rol)l) a iv iblo milling engineer. He is nircful in
ascertaiiiiiii; his lactn, gives tiiem ucci, lely, and stutes his coiioUisions con-
scientiously.

Report of Kdwakd Wadham, Lsq., C.E.

I am well ac(|iminted with Mr. Archibald's property called ]Mary's Point in
the Albert County, New L?runswick.whii:li 1 visited on two occasions, and care-
fully examined and surveyed. It is a ju'onioiiiory, jutting out into the Bay of
Fundy. and, with (grindstone Island, forms, as I was well assured, the best and
safest harbour in the Bay of Fundy.

My attention was particularly direi-ted to the valuable Quarries of Freestone
whicii this ]iropprty contains. Tiiey consist of various beds of sandstone of
uniform texture, and very durable. There are two colours, olive and light
red, very ple^ising to the eye, and much prized tor statuary and monumental
purposes, as well as a building material — I saw several buildings in New York,
Phdadelphia and other cities of the United States and tlie Provinces built of
stone from the>e Quarries, an<l heard but one ii|)inion of its excellent quality.

At the time of uiy visit, there were about <Mie hundred men eni'doyed,
and the Quarries were well furnished with the needful appliances for shipping
from ten to tifteoii chou>and tons [ler annum, and the cpiantity might easily
be largely mcreased. The protits, as estimated by the manager and others, were
f3'H0 |)fr ton, and my inquiries at the time led me to believe that they were
not exaggerated.

Mary's Point, moreover, holds a commanding geographical jiosition with
reference' to the general trade and navigation of the Bay of Fundy, and 1
have never seen a place better calculated for the sea terniinm of a large
system of railways. The great extent of the "foreshores," owing to the
exirai'idinary rise of the tide, make it most eligible for ship-building nd
extensive manufacturing operations ; and the Quarries on the spot, and
cheap timlier and wood in tiie neighbouriiooil, would render the building of
wluirvcs, piers, warehouses, &c., a matter of trifling cost, compared with other
localities whicli do not possess these advantages.

The excellence of the harbour and the i/njie(as given to the trade when
Mary's Point siiall be connecteil with the railway system of the Dominion of
Canada by means of the Albert Railway, will necessarily attract population and
enter])rise ; a<id a more convenient xiie for « larfje .^cajwrt tuicu with all
needful accessories could not easily be found in any country.

Dalton-in-Furness,
February, 1SG8.

EDWARD WADHAM, C.E.

/•

Dr. a. a. Hayfs, Slate Aasai/er, Boston, Mass.

In former Reports on the Cannelite of New Brunswick, there was an omis-
sion, to which 1 will now call attention.

1st. Cannelite contains 55 per cent, of jiure dry Albertite, and, on an average,
55 per cent, of Albertite aflords G2 gallons of Oil as it is worked in the

uianufuetory.

cal Survey

e is rarcful in
iclusions con-

2iul. Wlioii Cannelito is distilled by t.lie side of Albertite, in the same wa)',
('Hiuielito will yield CO standard gallons per ton, while Albertite produees
lOo gallons.

3rd. I found by comparing statements made by two Companies working
Cainielite that the yield exceeded GO gallons per ton.

3Qth January, 18CG

,E.

lary's Point in
on.f, and care-
ito the Bay of
d, the best and

s of Freestone
af sandstone of
live and light
d monumental
in New York,
vinces built of
lent quality,
it-n eni'doyed,
■s for shipping
ily might easily
ml others, were
that they were

1 ])Osition with
Fundy, and 1

ms of a large
owing to the

p-buildiug nd
the spot, and.

the building of

)ared with other

the trade when
he Dominion of
t popvilalion and
! town with all

Dii. AxDKKsnx', rrofcsM)!- of Clieniistry in thi' I'nivorsity
of Glasgow, reports as follows : —

The Brown Sample, when heated in close vessels, gave : —

Volatile Matter IG-.")G

^ r Fixed Carbon -l^S

^°'^''' \kA\ 48i)G

In the experimental Gas Retort it yielded 10-1\10 cubic feet.

Illuminating power, when burned in the Standard Burner,

consuming ') cubic feet per hour 30 candles.

Absorption l)y Bromine -'"' pcr cent.

Specitic gravity of Gas O'G.'jH.

This INlineral is of a remarkably high cpiality, and gives a Gas equal in
Illuminating I'owcr to that obtainetl from the best qualities of Cannei Coal.

Thomas Anokrison.

Uuivcrxifj/ of (tlasf/ow, ?.Qth Xovcmbcr, IHGT

Cannei of the " Brown Sample " above referred to exists in immen«p quan-
tities, and the resident agent states, that " the whole hill from the bottom of
ravines on its eastern and western slopes to its summit, an elevation of -100 to
.•jOO feet and a miie or more in length, appears to be a solid body of Shales and
Canncls. The veins rise regula- ly with the slopes of the lull on either side, and
have precisely the same surt^ce indications at the top as at the bottom " — and
further, that the mineral rapidly improves as it is sunk upon both m quality and
thickness of vein.

3IIAM, C.E.

, Mass.

ere was an omis-

d, on an average,
; is worked in the

Mr. Ev.\xs, of the CHAUTERi-.n (iA> Company, experimented with two
varieties of the Cannemtk, and reports that he found them both v.ry good.
One sample gave an illuminating power of 29 candles. Th.' other gave ;i7'7<i.
candles. Condensation by Bromine 2'J per cent. Mr. Evans reeommeni.s
the conversion of Shale into Oil on the spot as the most convenient and
economical i)lan of supi)lying for Gas purposes.

Dr. Franklano, F.Il.S., in his conchnlins; lecture on Coal Gas, delivered
at the Rc.al Institution, on the 2;ird March, 1SG7, referred to the New
Brunswick C a NNKi.iTE as a very valuable Gas material, yielding Gas exceeduig
'M candles illuminating power.

I'*

Mr. Joshua Merrill, Superintendent of the Downer
Kerosene Oil Company of lioston, Massachusnetts, reports: —

A sample of Albert Cannelitc, placed in my hands for analysis, contained : —

Volatile Matter 4G-60

Fixed Carbon and Ash 53'40

10000

The above gives a very large luminous flame, and abundance of Carbon in
burning.

It yields of oily liquids 835 lbs., and, making all allowances, I have no hesita-
tion in stating it safe to depend on a yield of 75 gallons per ton of crude oil of
excellent quality.

See also, elsewhere, reports of Vernon Smith, C.E. ; Dr.
A. A. Hayes, State Assayer, Mass. ; Professor Hind ; Dr.
Doremus, of New York ; M, Cogniet, of Paris ; and others.

■#

I Downer
reports: —

nntained : —
;-60

•00

of Carbon in

ivc no hesita-
i crude oil of

:.E.; Dr.
[ind ; Dr.
id others.