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 tts. 
 
JOURNAL 
 
 or 
 
 CAPTAIN PAUSCH 
 
 Chim 
 
 or TH« Hanau A«TltL..y dmino 
 
 THB 
 
 BURGOYNE CAMPAIGN. 
 
 Translated AND Annotated 
 
 By 
 
 WILLIAM L. STONK. 
 
 I Introduction by 
 EDWARD J. LOWELL 
 
 ■■I 
 
 
 ^ LEANT, N, r 
 
 JOKI. MUXSKLi.'S SON'S. 8a S rATE ST 
 
 M.DCCC.LXXXVI. 
 
/^^l/'H' 
 
 ^3 3 
 ^53 
 
n 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 ' • ■ » > 
 
 Preface ----__ 
 Introduction - - - - _ 
 Journal ----__ 
 Accountof action of Oct. 7, 1777 
 Appendix — Extract from Gen. Putnam's 
 MSS. regarding Burgoyne's campaign 
 which was received after the book had 
 gone to press. - - - - _ i 
 Index ---___ 
 Errata ---_-_ 
 
 111 
 f 
 
 159 
 
 y6a 
 186 
 
 ; 
 
TO 
 
 (Bmtval i^oratio IRoger^, 
 
 Whose admirable editorship of Haddrn's 
 Journal, justly entitles him to rank as 
 > one of the most accomplished of 
 Burgoyne's scholars, this volume 
 is affectionately dedicated by 
 his old college-mate, 
 the Translator. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 \\\ 
 
 jHERE are two ways of translating. 
 One is to paraphase ch'^ original : the 
 other is to give the text iiicirally. The 
 first method admits of an elegr^nc rendering, hy 
 which the different shades o{ an author s mean- 
 ing are often sacrificed to bennty of diction. 
 The second, at the expense of style, aims to give 
 clearly the writer's ideas. This last is the plan 
 I have adopted in this translation, believing that 
 the reader would prefer to know just what 
 Pausch intended to convey. 
 
 The translation of this Journal has been at- 
 tended with peculiar difficulties, from the fact 
 that much of it is in language now obsolete. 
 Especially is this the case in regard to technical 
 terms used to describe military manoeuvres. 
 Fortunately, however, I have had the aid of several 
 genticinen who have served for a long time in 
 
 J 
 
 K 
 
 1 > 
 
PREFJCE *^ 
 
 the Pn-ssian army, one of whom, being a native 
 of Hesse-Hanau. is specially familiar with the 
 idioms of the language in that part of Germany. 
 Thus, my thanks are particularly due to Mr. 
 Henry A. Fischer, of New York City, Mr. 
 Robert Moeller of Jersey City, Mr. Eugene 
 Vo^el of New York City, formerly an officer 
 in the 9th Regiment of the Schleswig Holstem 
 Field-Artillery, and also to Dr. James A. Butler 
 of Madison, Wis. -himself an accomplished 
 German scholar - for valuable aid in unravelling 
 several knotty passages. I am also under heavy 
 obligation to Mr. Edward J. Lowell, tor giving 
 my readers the benefit of his great store of knowl- 
 edge regarding the relations existing, at the time 
 that Pausch wrote, between the English Govern- 
 ment and the petty Germin Princes ; and like- 
 wise to Mr. Wm. T. Markham— an experienced 
 civil engineer -for visiting the Battle-Ground, 
 and preparing a map showing the movements of 
 Captain Pausch during the Action ot the 7th of 
 
 October. 
 
 A word more concerning the Journal itself. 
 
 Pausch's Journal, the original MS. of which 
 was recently found by Mr. Edward J. Lowell, 
 
PREFACE y 
 
 in the State Library at Cassel (Standlsche Lan- 
 desbibliothek) is among the most valuable of the 
 Journals of the German Troops during the 
 Revolution, that have yet been discovered — in- 
 asmuch as it gives with great fulness of detail, 
 the difficulties which the Hessians experienced 
 in going through the countries on the lower 
 Rhine and Holland to the Seaboard. This 
 manuscript, of one hundred and seventy pages, 
 details the fate and fortune of Pausch and his 
 men from May 15, 1776 (the day they left 
 Hanau), to the close of Burgoyne's last battle, 
 Oct. 7th, 1777. Hanau is on the Main. The' 
 vessels in which they there embarked, conveyed 
 them to a transport at the mouth of the Waal 
 which took them to Spithead, to Quebec, and 
 so to the river Sorel. The whole transit occu- 
 pied three months and a half To guard against 
 desertion in passing through the free states on 
 the Rhine, the vessels either anchored in the 
 middle of the river, or were moored to islands 
 The transport had been engaged in the Guinea 
 slave trade, and so was fit for the German slave 
 trade. She started with one recalcitrant gunner 
 in irons. The Journal also dwells freely on the 
 personal experiences of its author ^and his men 
 
 I -^ 
 
 J 
 
 > 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 while in Canada ; and one thus gets glimpses 
 into the private life of these execrated Hessian 
 soldiers which make one lament their hard and 
 unhonored fate. Both officers and men were 
 cavalierly treated by their English comrades. 
 English officers could command Germans ; but 
 German officers could have no authority over 
 English soldiers ; and an attempt was made to 
 deprive Capt. Pausch's men of their side arms, 
 when off duty. 
 
 The Journal, moreover, is most copious in 
 describing the three battles in which Pausch and 
 his battery took an active part, viz : the naval 
 action against Arnold on Lake Champlain, and 
 the battles on the 19th of September, and the 
 7th of October. In regard to the naval action, 
 we are told by Pausch, that Arnold's heroism, 
 and that of his men, made his conquerors afraid 
 to move forward from Crown Point, or even to 
 winter there. Pausch, who first met the rebels 
 at Valcour, testifies to their firing so well as to 
 sink one of his vessels, and firing still when their 
 own were sinking. His minute account of this 
 action, which tallies with Gen. Rogers' account 
 in Haddens Journal, must correct and complete 
 
 'iJLiijjjmiiui.u'!.* 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 those already in circulation. Regarding also 
 the battles of Saratoga, Pausch's account is the 
 first we have had of the part played by the 
 Hanau Artillery in those actions, which well 
 supplements that played at the same time by the 
 Brunswick Infantry, as given in the Military 
 Journals of Gen. RiedeseL In fact, no historian 
 of these conflicts and no one interested in this 
 portion of our Revolutionary history, can fail to 
 learn something he would be glad to know, 
 from the day book of this Hessian officer. 
 
 William L. Stone. 
 Jersey City Heights, Dec, ist, 1886. 
 
I '• 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 jHE town of Hanau lies upon the Main 
 about a dozen miles above Frankfort, in 
 the midst of a vast plain. The county 
 of Hanau extended in the last century some 
 forty-five or fifty miles east and west, but was in 
 few places more than five miles wide. There 
 were outlying pieces scattered here and there 
 among the neighboring states, as was usual 
 with German counties. Hither, in the year 
 1754, had come the Princess Mary, daughter of 
 King George II, of England, and wife of Fred- 
 crick, the Hereditary Prince of Hesse Cassel, 
 who had lately avowed his conversion to the 
 Catholic creed. " He was a brutal German," 
 says Horace Walpole, " obstinate, of no genius, 
 and after long treating the Princess Mary, who 
 
 l„ 
 
2 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 was the mildest and gentlest of her race, with 
 great inhumanity, had for some time lived on 
 no terms with her ; his father, the Landgrave 
 William protected her : an arbitrary, artful man, 
 of no reputation for integrity."^ 
 
 The Princess had been married fourteen years 
 at the time of her separation from her husband, 
 and she brought three sons with her to Hanau. 
 The oldest, William, was independent Count of 
 that territory. His cousin. King George III, 
 was a surety for his independence, until the time 
 should come for him to succeed his father at 
 Cassel. William was a heartless pedant, fond of 
 money and of pleasure. The business of letting 
 out troops for hire was hereditary in his family, 
 having been entered into by his great-grandfather, 
 nearly a hundred years before, and pursued ever 
 since that time. When, therefore, in the sum- 
 mer of 1775. the Hereditary Prince heard that 
 his dear cousin was in difficulties in America, he 
 wrote him the following letter. 
 
 « Memoirs of George H, Vol. I, p. 351. 
 
INTRODUCTION. . ^ 
 
 '"The Hereditary Prince of Hessk Casoel 
 TO King George III. 
 
 Sire, 
 
 Hanau, ce 19. aout 1775. 
 
 L'Epoque presente que les troubles suscites par 
 les sujets de V. M- dans une autre partie du 
 mondeont fait naitre, rallurnele zele et I'attache- 
 ment de tous ceux qui p^netres de vos bontcs. 
 Sire, ne cessent de faire les voeux les plus ardens 
 pour la felicite et le repos du meilleur des Rois. 
 Anime de ces sentiments que mon respect 
 soumis et mon attachement inviolable pour sa 
 Personne me dictent, je supplie V. M- d'agrecr 
 favorablementque dans cet instant ou Elle paroit 
 desirer des trouppes Allemandes j'ose lui ofFrir 
 dans la moindre condition et a ses ordres mon 
 Regiment d'Infanterie compose de cinq cent 
 hommes, tous enfants du pays que la protection 
 dc V- M'^ m'assure uniquement et tous prets a 
 sacrilier avec moi leur vie et leur sang pour son 
 service. 
 
 Daign^z me pardonner la liberte que je prens 
 et regarder H ritention et non la chose meme. 
 
 'State Paper Office, Hoii.nd. Vol. 59., ,..ted in Der SolJaUn,a„Ju ,....,.r 
 Funten nach Amtrika -von F. Ku/./>, .864. 
 
. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 4- 
 
 Que ne puisse, je ofFrir 20 m. hommes a V. M'* 
 ce seroit avec le meme empressement. Qu'il lui 
 plaise done de disposer entierement de mon Regi- 
 ment ii quel terns et ou EUe ordonnera. II est 
 tout piet au premier clin d'oeuil qu'Ellc daignera 
 m'cn faire donncr." 
 
 This letter was despatched under cover to Sir 
 Joseph Yorke, the British ambassador at the 
 Hague, who promptly transmitted it to London. 
 On the I St of September, the Earl of Suffolk, 
 Secretary of State acknowledged the receipt of it 
 to Sir Joseph.^ " The nobleness of sentiment 
 and affectionate attachment, which dictated His 
 Serene Highness's offer, and the handsome man- 
 ner in which it is expressed, cannot be suffi- 
 ciently admired. His Majesty feels the extent 
 of it all and will return an answer in his own 
 hand."' ' 
 
 In the following November, Colonel William 
 Faucitt received orders to negotiate with Ger- 
 man princes, for troops to be used in America. 
 His first bargains were made with the Duke of 
 Brunswick and the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel, 
 
 ~^ilCapp, F. Der Soldatenhandel dcutscher Fursten nach Amerika, p. 2.27, 1864. 
 
 "State Paper Office, German States, Vol, 102, quoted in Der SoldaunhandeL 
 deuticher Furuen nach Amerika -von F. Kafp, i%^\. 
 
 MHfi 
 
INTRODUCTION. - 
 
 5 
 
 the father of Prince William. On the 4th of 
 February, 1776, the Colonel arrived at Hanau, 
 and presented the following letter. 
 
 'King George III, to the Hereditary 
 
 Prince OF Hesse Cassel. 
 
 St. James, January 2, 1776. 
 Mon Cousin, 
 
 En consequence de ce que mon principal 
 Secretaire d'Etat, le Comte de Suffolk, a eu 
 I'honneur de vous ecrire en mon nom, j'ai charge 
 le Col. Faucitt de se rendre a votre cour de vous 
 presenter cette lettre de ma part et de reiterer 
 les assurances de ma sensibilite, pour la maniere 
 noble avec laquelle vous avez bien voulu m'offrir 
 vos troupes. Je les accepte avec bien des re- 
 mercimens et ayant muni le Col. Faucitt des 
 pleni-pouvois necessaires pour conclure une con- 
 vention avec vous, je vous prie de donner creance 
 entiere a ce qu'il vous dira en mon nom, surtout 
 quand il vous donnera des assurances de I'amitic 
 et de I'estime, avec lesquelles je suis, etc., etc." 
 The bargain was quickly concluded. On the 
 
 « Almon'3 Parliamentary register, Vol. 3, p. 300-302, 1776. 
 
 m^ 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 5th, Faucitt was able to send off to London, the 
 following treaty. 
 
 •* Be it known to all whom it may concern, 
 that his Majesty the King of Great Britain 
 having judged proper to accept a body of in- 
 fantry of the troops of his most serene highness 
 the hereditary Prince of Hesse Cassell, reigning 
 Count of Hanau, &c., to be employed in the 
 service of Great Britain, the high contracting 
 parties have giving orders for this purpose to 
 their respective ministers, that is to say, his Brit- 
 annic Majesty to Colonel William Faucitt, 
 captain of the guards ; and the most serene 
 hereditary Prince of Hesse Cassell to his minister 
 and privy councillor Frederic de Malsbourg ; 
 who after the exchange of their respective full 
 powers have agreed upon the following articles. 
 
 Art. I. The said Most Serene Prince yields 
 to his Britannic Majesty a body of infantry of 
 six hundred sixty-eight men, which shall be at 
 the entire disposition of the King of Great Bri- 
 tain. 
 
 Art. II. The Most Serene Prince engages to 
 equip compleatly this corps, and that it shall be 
 ready to march the twentieth of the month of 
 
INTRODUCTION. 7 
 
 March next, at farthest. The said corps shall 
 pass in review before his Britannic Majesty's 
 commissary at Hanau, if that can be done, or at 
 some other place, as opportunity shall offer. 
 
 Art. III. The Most Serene Prince engages to 
 furnish the recruits annually necessary ; these re- 
 cruits shall be delivered to his Britannic Majesty's 
 commissary, disciplined and compleatly equipped : 
 his Most Serene Highness will do his utmost 
 that the whole may arrive at the place of their 
 embarkation at the time his Majesty shall fix 
 upon. 
 
 Art. IV. The service of his Britannic Ma- 
 jesty, and the preservation of the troops, requir- 
 ing equally that the commanding officers and 
 subalterns should be perfectly acquainted with 
 the service, his Most Serene Highness will take 
 proper care in the choice of them. 
 
 Art. V. The Most Serene Prince engages to 
 put this corps on the best footing possible, and 
 none shall be admitted into it but persons proper 
 for campaign service, and acknowledged as such 
 by his Britannic Majesty's commissary. 
 
 
 n 
 
 ' ri 
 
 k 
 
8 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Art. VI. This corps shall be furnished with 
 tents and all necessary equipage. 
 
 • Art. VII. The King grants to this corps 
 the ordinary and extraordinary pay, as well 'as 
 all the advantages in forage, provisions, winter- 
 quarters, and refreshments, &c., &c., enjoyed by 
 the royal troops ; and the Most Serene Prince 
 engages to let this corps enjoy all the emolu- 
 ments of pay that his Britannic Majesty allows 
 them. The sick and wounded of the said corps 
 shall be taken care of in the King's hospitals, and 
 shall be treated in this respect as his Britannic 
 Majesty's troops ; and the wounded, not in a 
 condition to serve, shall be transported into 
 Europe, and sent back into their own country at 
 the expence of the King. 
 
 Art. VIII. There shall be paid to his Most 
 Serene Highness, under the title of levy money, 
 for each foot soldier, thirty crowns banco; the 
 crown reckoned at fifty-three sols of Holland : 
 one half of this levy- money shall be paid six 
 weeks after the signature of the treaty, and the 
 other half, three months and a half after the 
 signature. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Art. IX. According to custom, three wounded 
 men shall be reckoned as one killed : a man 
 killed, shall be paid for at the rate of the levy- 
 money. If it shall happen that any company of 
 this corps should be entirely ruined or destroyed, 
 the King will pay the expence of the necessary 
 recruits to re-establish this corps. 
 
 Art. X. The Most Serene Prince reserves to 
 himself the nomination to the vacant employ- 
 ments, as also the administration of justice. 
 Moi^^over his Britannic Majesty will cause orders 
 to be given to the commander of the army in 
 which this corps shall serve, not to exact of this 
 corps any extraordinary services, or such as are 
 beyond their proportion with the rest of the 
 army ; and when they shall serve with the Eng- 
 lish troops, or with other auxiliaries, the officers 
 shall command (as the military service re- 
 quires of itself) according to their military rank, 
 and the seniority of their commissions, without 
 making any distinction of what corps the troops 
 may be with which they may serve. This corps 
 shall take the oath of fidelity to his Britannic 
 Majesty, without prejudice to that which they 
 have taken to their sovereign. 
 
 m 
 
lO 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Art. XI. Their pay shall commence fifteen 
 days before the march of this body of troops, and 
 from the time the troops shall have quitted their 
 quarters^ in order to repair to the place of their 
 destination, all the expences of march and trans- 
 port, as well as of the future return of the troops 
 into their own country, shall be at the charge of 
 his Britannic Majesty. 
 
 Art. XII. His Britannic Majesty will grant 
 to the Most Serene Prince, during all the time 
 that this body of troops shall be in the pay of 
 his Majesty, an annual subsidy of twenty-five 
 thousand and fifty crowns banco. His Majesty 
 shall cause notice of the cessation of the afore- 
 said subsidy to be given, a whole year before it 
 shall cease to be paid, provided that this notice 
 shall not be given till after the return of the 
 troops into the dominions ol* his Most Serene 
 Highness. 
 
 This treaty shall be ratified by the high con- 
 tracting parties, and the ratifications thereof shall 
 be exchanged as soon as possible. In witness 
 whereof, we the undersigned, in virtue of our 
 
 ^ 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 11 
 
 full powers have signed the present treaty, and 
 have thereunto put the seals of our arms. 
 
 Done at Hanau, the 5th of February, 1776. 
 |L. S.J Frederic I5n. de Malsboukg." 
 
 [L. S.| William Faucitt. 
 
 On the 17th of March, 1776, the Prince an- 
 nounced to King George the departure of his 
 regiment in the fjliowing letter. 
 
 'The Hereditary Prince ok Hesse-Cassel 
 TO King George III. 
 
 Hanau, ce 17. Mars, 1776. 
 C'est avecce respect et ce zele sans bornes que 
 les ordres de Votre Majeste ni'inspirent a jamais, 
 que je viens de taire partir avant-hier le 15. de 
 ce mois mon regiment destine a servir dans son 
 armee. Le Colonel Faucitt m'ayant averti que 
 le jour de depart devoit etre accelere autant que 
 possible, je n'ai pas perdu un instant pour cet 
 effet. La liste ci-jointe que j'ose mettre devant 
 Votre Majeste presentera I'ctat du regiment, 
 comme j'en ai fiit la revue Vendredi dernier, 
 
 ' State Paper Office. German States, Vol. ,03, quoted i„ Dc, Sold.„n,ha„Jc! 
 diutscher Fursun nach ^mnika ; fon F. Kapp, 1864. 
 
 % 
 
i 
 
 f 
 
 iiiii 
 
 it :! I: 
 
 r; 
 
 r 1 
 Hi 
 
 12 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ainsi que les noms des officiers avec la date de 
 leur patentes. 
 
 Puissiez-vous, Sire, avoir lieu d'etre satisfait 
 . des faibles preuvses que j'ai desire de vous donnez 
 de mon devouement respectueux, de ma reconnais- 
 sance soumise. J'ose encore reiterer que mon 
 ardeur inexprimable d'etre utile a son service 
 peut seule etre nommee et non la chose meme. 
 
 Permettez, Sire, que venant d'apprendre que le 
 Landgrave, mon pere, fournit a votre Majeste un 
 Corps d'artillerie, j'ose lui offrir une compagnie 
 de I20 hommes de cette espece appartenant . 
 jusqu'ici a mon regiment. J'en ai deja fait la 
 proposition au Colonel Faucitt, mais comme il 
 n'avait pas d'ordre de prendre de I'artillerie en 
 subsides, il n'a pas pu y entrer alors. 
 
 Des que j'apprendrai les intentions de Votre 
 Majeste a cet egard cette compagnie pourra in- 
 cessement marcher a ses ordres. 
 
 Cest avec, etc., etc. 
 
 The offer of the company of artillery above- 
 mentioned caused a long discussion. The prmce 
 wanted his subsidy increased, in proportion to the 
 
■^r 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 n 
 
 
 number of new men furnished. The Earl of 
 Suffolk pointed out that His Serene Highness 
 was already paid as highly per man as His Serene 
 father. The prince, who, as we have seen, had 
 hitherto conducted the correspondence in the 
 diplomatic French of the period, now breaks 
 into English. 
 
 ^"The Hereditary Prince of Hesse-C^ssel 
 To THE Earl of Suffolk. 
 
 Hanau, i May 1776. 
 
 My Lord ! 
 
 The luck I have had to be able to show in 
 some manner my utmost respect and gratitude 
 to the best of Kings by offering my troops to His 
 Majesty's service gives me a very agreeable op- 
 portunity of thanking you, My lord, for all your 
 kindness and friendship to me upon that occasion 
 and begging your pardon for all the trouble I 
 may have provided you in this regard. 
 
 My orJy wishes are that all the ofHcers and 
 soldiers of my regiment, now to His Majesty's 
 
 ' State Paper Office. German States, Vol. 104, quoted in Dt, Soldaunhandd 
 dtuticher Vurstcn nach Amtriha ; ■von F. Kapp. 1864. 
 
 '^■\ 
 
 k 
 
5 !i 
 
 1 + 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 orders, may be animated of the same respectful 
 attachment and utmost zeal I shall ever bear for 
 the king, my generous protector and magnani- 
 mous support. May the end they shall fight for 
 answer to the kings upper contentment, and your 
 laudable endeavors, My lord, be granted by the 
 most happiest issue. The continuation of your 
 friendship to me, Sir, which I desire very much 
 assures your goodness and protection to my 
 troops. I ask in their names this favor from you 
 and hope they will deserve it. 
 
 "Excuse me. Sir, if I am not strong enough in 
 the English language for to explain as I should 
 the utmost consideration and sincere esteem with 
 which I am for ever, My lord, your most humble 
 and very obedient servant 
 
 "William H. P. of Hesse." 
 
 "The Earl of Suffolk 
 TO THE Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Cassel. 
 
 St. James, May 14, 1776. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I am too deeply penetrated by the notice Your 
 
 Serene Highness is pleased to take of me, not to 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 '5 
 
 beg your acceptance of my humble acknowledg- 
 ments for your great condescension. The ex- 
 perience I have had of your Serene Highness 
 sincere and affectionate attachment to the King 
 has impressed indelible marks of gratitude and 
 veneration on my breast. But proud as I shall 
 be to show them upon all occasions, I am happy 
 to assure your Serene Highness from a perfect 
 knowledge of his Majesty's sentiments, that there 
 is in this country a more powerful supporter of 
 Your Serene Highnesses interests and a better 
 advocate for any object you can recommend than 
 any minister, be he ever so zealous, whom Your 
 Serene Highness may honor with your com- 
 mands. 
 
 Your troops. Sir, than which none can be 
 finer or in a more complete condition, will cer- 
 tainly meet with every degree of protection and 
 encouragement, and I make no doubt under the 
 Blessing of God, share the high reputation of 
 having preserved the lustre of that crown from 
 which you are descended, the glory of that 
 Monarch to whom in blood and principles you 
 are so nearly allied, and the welfare of that 
 nation of whose language your Highness has in 
 
 m. 
 
I i 
 
 III I 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 so flattering and so accurate a manner shown 
 your hereditary knowledge. 
 
 Permit me, Sir, to repeat the profound respect 
 with which I have the honor, etc., etc." 
 
 "The Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Hanau 
 TO THE Earl OF Suffolk. 
 
 Hanau, 21. July 1766. 
 
 Sir; 
 
 I can make no better use of your friendship 
 and goodness to me than in recommending you, 
 My lord, the propositions which my private 
 Counsellor Malsburg directs in my name to you. 
 My attachment and most humble respect to 
 the best of kings removes all idea of interest in 
 me. His Majesty's particular goodness assures 
 me that he would [notj take ill, the desire I have 
 to stay in a certain military relation with his ser- 
 vice even after the present treaty's expiration. 
 
 I hope, My lord, you will hnd I do not ask 
 too much, and in this regard I beg you to sup- 
 port this affair with your utmost credit. My 
 ^r^.titude will be without end, and shall only be 
 Miipared to the greatest consideration—, 1 have 
 
1 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 17 
 
 the honor to be with for ever, My lord, your 
 most humble and very obliged servant 
 
 William H. P. of Hesse." 
 
 The proposal, above referred to, which Coun- 
 sellor Malsburg was to send, was nothing less 
 than that the troops of Hesse-Hanau should re- 
 main in the English service for six years after 
 the war. The request, of course, was extrava- 
 gant. The Earl of Suffolk appears to have 
 grown tired of bickering. In the latter part of 
 1776 he yielded to the solicitations of the Prince 
 and the subsidy was increased by forty-five 
 thousand crowns. Meanwhile the artillery had 
 not been held back while the negotiations were 
 pending. It left Hanau on the 15th of May, 
 and its further adventures may best be traced m 
 the journal of its commanding officer which is 
 given in the following pages. 
 
 Little is known of Georg Pausch after Bur- 
 goyne's surrender. His signature appears on the 
 Cambridge parole now in the Boston Public 
 Library. In 1786 the County of Hesse-Hanau 
 was united to the Landgraviate of Hesse Casscl 
 through the death of Landgrave Frederick II 
 3 
 
 '1 
 
 /ik. 
 
i8 
 
 INTRODVCTION. 
 
 W I 
 
 
 and the succession of his son William III. From 
 that date we find the name of Georg Pausch en- 
 tered in the official calendar of Cassel as major, 
 in the regiment of light artillery. That regi- 
 ment was quartered in the town of Cassel and in 
 the fortresses of Ziegenhain, Hanau and Rheinfels. 
 In which of these places Pausch had his quarters 
 cannot be determined. His name disappears 
 from the calendar in 1796, so that it is probable 
 that he died early in that year or late in the 
 year preceding. It is possible that a search in 
 the archives of Marburg would bring to light 
 more particulars about him. There are few 
 events or persons connected with the Revolu- 
 tionary war about which we might not hope 
 for light from the same source. 
 
 The manuscript in the Stiindische Landes- 
 bibliothek at Cassel was copied in 1868 from 
 the original, which was then at Wilhelmshohe, 
 and is undoubtedly now at Marburg. 
 
 Edward J. Lowell. 
 
 li' ■ : A 
 
ixnstrs §t^\\xnuL 
 
 1776 May 15th, In conformity to the order 
 of our Gracious Prince- the roll-call was beaten 
 at half-past three P. M., and the company^ 
 marched out of the Mill -fortification to the 
 Parade-ground, where all the necessary accoutre- 
 ments for my men were found in readiness. A 
 quarter of an hour afterwards, the signal was 
 given by the tap of the drum for a forward 
 movement; and, the lines being formed, we at 
 once marched through the hospital Gate of the 
 old town' to the wood-warehouses. Here the 
 company immediately embarked on the ships, 
 which had been designated for our transporta- 
 tion, m the presence of our most gracious sove- 
 reigns. 
 
 Our beloved Prince gave us a mark of his 
 gracious and fatherly kindness by accompanying 
 "s for quite a long distance down the right 
 
 ' f; will l'^'"'""'- "'" "«-;"^"^'"- Hanau RcKimcnt. According to E.elk- 
 
 rourn.Tf'.h"'";; '"'"'"'"'"',"''■' '"''^'^ '"«, Paus.h-s Company consisted of 4 
 
 Journal of the Company ot the Hcase- officers and 126 privates 
 Hanau artillery attached to the Hesse- » Hanau. 
 
 V'; 
 
 i"; 
 
 1 
 
 
' ;! 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL, 
 
 bank of the river Main ; an act which called 
 forth the most loyal sentiments from the 
 entire force which had been so graciously 
 entrusted to my charge. At this point our 
 journey began with many expressions of good 
 will and wishes for our success on the part of 
 those we were leaving : and here we saw for the 
 last time in a long while our beloved Prince and 
 Benefactor,* Here he bade us farewell ; and we 
 proceeded to Offenbach, where we anchored in 
 the middle of the Main for the night. 
 
 16th. We left our moorings at 3 A. M., and 
 passed Frankfort about 4:30. The sentinels and 
 the different detachments of this garrison should- 
 ered arms as we passed ; but we were visited by no 
 one, neither did we have to pass through any ex- 
 amination. At 11:30 we reached Mainz; and 
 although I had sent ahead Lieut Spangenberg 
 with the free-piisses, we were obliged to land. 
 Both ships were examined by two custom-house 
 Inspectors. I immediately asked the reason of 
 this ; and in reply was told that it was done for 
 the purpose, merely, of ascertaining whether the 
 captain had not on board dutiable freight on his 
 own account. As the Rhine was quite high, we 
 sailed so rapidly that we reached Bingen about 
 6 o'clock the same evening. I then sailed 
 
 • How this " beloved Prince and Bene- whom, to get the means to gratify his 
 factor " must have " laughed in his passions, he was selling into slavery, and 
 sleeve " at these expressions from those bartering like so many cattle! 
 
I I 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNyfL. 
 
 21 
 
 toward Cauh, and chose the island, where the 
 so-called palace is situated, near which to drop 
 anchor and rest for the night. I did this, because 
 this spot was the best I could find for my men to 
 take a little comfort by leaving the ships and 
 sleeping on shore. I arrived here at 8 o'clock 
 The inhabitants of Caub were asked to brint' 
 some wine and other necessaries to my men and 
 sell them for cash. This they promptly did. 
 
 17th. It chanced to be the weekly Market- 
 Day at Caub; and I therefore delayed my de- 
 parture until 7:30 o'clock in order to give my 
 men an opportunity to lay in some provisions, 
 ^or this purpose, (with the exception of the 
 women) I sent ashore eighteen men, under the 
 command of two officers and six subalterns • and 
 in order that the purchases might be made with- 
 out any disturbance, I myself, took a small boat 
 halt an hour in advance, and went to St. Goar 
 As I did not wish to be long absent from my 
 men, and as I also desired to take advantage of 
 the rise of the river' so as to make a quick pas- 
 sage, I was not able to call upon his Excellency 
 General von Wutgenau at the fortress of Rhein- 
 fels to announce that my company were passinir 
 down the Rhine. I however, made a statemenl 
 to this erfect to Maj. Gen. v. Marschalk (the 
 commandant at St. Goai^) and requested hini to 
 
 ^Caused probably by th.s|.ring freshets, west side of the Rhine, , 6 miles south of 
 "A town in the Prussian States on the Coblentz. 
 
 if 4 
 
 i 
 
 'il 
 
1: 
 
 2 2 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL 
 
 make my excuses to his Excellency, and to give 
 him as a reason tor my not waiting on him the 
 responsibility devolving upon me on account of 
 the near approach of my ships. The latter 
 reached Rhiiietels at 9 o'clock; and before they 
 had come to the frontier of Cur-Tnerische, 
 (which lies nearly opposite St. Goar) I returned 
 on board. 
 
 Since yesterday we have had a head wind ; 
 notwithstanding which, however, we passed 
 Coblentz at one, Neuwied at four, Andernach at 
 five, and Oberwinter at a quarter of nine where 
 we anchored for the night. 
 
 P. N. Every morning I always order the rr- 
 veilie to be beaten at daybreak, and the tatoo in 
 the evening. 
 
 The custom-house officers from Hanau, have 
 exercised the greatest politeness towards those 
 officers and subalterns who were sent in advance. 
 
 So f^ir, pleasure, contentment, an'd excellent 
 health prevail among my men. They never 
 fail, after reveille and tatoo, to make their offer- 
 ings due their God by singing morning and even- 
 ing hymns for one hour. Afterwards, they give 
 themselves up to enjoyment, but in such a man- 
 ner as never to give me cause for complaint or 
 punishment. I cannot sufficiently praise the 
 good feeling shown by my three officers while 
 
PAmCH'S JOURNAL. ^^ 
 
 on duty ; nor can I adequately express my satis- 
 faction especially at the trouble they take to 
 maintain g()v)d order and acquire the confidence 
 ot my men. 1 must confess that all mv men 
 have already ac(|uired more confidence than I 
 had anticipated at lianau. I have therefore 
 pardoned the cannonier, liischle, who had been 
 p aced under arrest, and released him from his 
 chains. 
 
 Continuation. 
 May 1 8th. During the night of the 1 7th and 
 1 8th, we rested quietly near Obcr Winter ; and 
 in the morning precisely at 4 o'clock, we left 
 our moorings, passing Bonn at 6 o'clock, and 
 reaching the Imperial city of Coin at 10 o'clock. 
 I anchored about a thousand yards' above the 
 town. From here I despatched two officers 
 (Spangenberg and Bach), the sergeant and nine 
 subalterns, and a few men from each detachment 
 to Coin (with six loaded and as many un- 
 loaded guns) for the purpose of having their 
 money, which they had brought from I<:rfurt, ex- 
 changed for local currency. They were' also 
 directed to buy provisions. As this is a large 
 place, I was obliged to anchor and wait a long 
 while for their return. We were all re-united 
 about 2 o'clock P. M. when we at once pro- 
 ceeded still farther on our way as far as Zons^ 
 
 • Or literally a thousand paces. toric castle j 13 miles N. N. West of 
 
 A town on the Rhine having an his- Cologne, and 50 N. E. of Liege. 
 
 'f 
 
 i. 
 
H 
 
 PJUSCWS JOURNAL. 
 
 Had it not been that both yesterday afternoon 
 and to-day the wind was ahead, we should now 
 be still farther on our journey. It was half past 
 eight by the time we reached Zons, and we ac- 
 cordingly remained here overnight. As the 
 water of the Rhine was very rough on account 
 of a heavy gale during the day, we were forced 
 to anchor till the next morning. 
 
 19th. We were compelled to wait till 7 
 o'clock A. M., before sailing, by which time the 
 Rhine had become calmer. At one o'clock, we 
 passed Diusseldorf ; and at Hve o'clock reached 
 Buckroth. This is the first station of the Prus- 
 sian Custom- 1 louse, and I had accordingly sent 
 on here in advance Lieut. Spangcnberg with the 
 Royal free-pass. As soon as we came opposite 
 the town, the Custom-House officers, accom- 
 panied by my L ieutenant, rowed out towards us. 
 They did not subject us to any examination, but 
 contented themselves with rowing around my 
 ship and wishing us a pleasant journey. They, 
 however, made an indorsement on the back of the 
 Royal pass to the eti^ect that we passed the station 
 at such an hour. I nevertheless thought it best 
 when we arrived at the next Custom Station, to 
 send a note ashore to the officials stating that we 
 had passed the upper station free by virtue of the 
 Royal free-pass. In the evening we anchored 
 an hour's sail above N. Wesel, and remained 
 there during the night. 
 
pjuscrrs journal. 
 
 25 
 
 20th. At 6 in the morning I took, a boat and 
 went ahead to the town, where I sliowed the 
 pass to his Excellency Lt. (Jen. and Commander 
 Von Solomons. I also cxhiiiited particularly to 
 him the Prince's (jrder relating to the refunding 
 0^42 ducats at hvinmerich. In reply, his Excel- 
 lency said that this had most likely been already 
 attended to ; but that if it had not, it would now 
 he fixed. At the satne time he assured me that 
 if he could aid us in any way 'vhatever, he would 
 do so with pleasure. This he did to show his 
 great regard and friendship for us. My ships 
 arrived about two hours afterwards; and I imme- 
 diately got under way for Emmerich. There I 
 showed my tree-passes, at the same time calling 
 the attention ot the custom officers to the refund- 
 ing of the money which had been taken from the 
 Hanau Regiment. 'I'hey assured me that this 
 had already been done in accordance with the 
 gracious order of the Prussian Major. I then 
 asked them to give me a paper certifying both 
 that this had been done and where, that I might 
 send the same to the Prince.' My request was 
 at once complied with ; and this document I 
 have filed under Letter A. I intended to have 
 made good headway this evening, but a gale, 
 beginning to blow, drove us close into shore 
 about two hour's sail above Schenken-Schanz, 
 
 ii 
 
 I Frince William of Hanau. 
 
 1 
 
26 
 
 P^VSCHS JOVRN.IL. 
 
 wluMc, liiuliiu; a (\\\\q\. spot, vvc rested lor the 
 night. 
 
 2 1 St. As sov>n as the rvvciilc vv;is l)eareii I 
 ordcicil an ailvaiKc, ami shortly reaihcii Schen- 
 kcn-Sclianz, to which j^la^e I had already sent 
 on aheail, Lieut. Snanrenhun' ant! the binUn\an, 
 Hecktell with the Cioveiinnent pass. Tliis was 
 the lirst Dutch Reveiuie station, ami our ships 
 were iorhiililen to iH> iarther. The ollicials told 
 us that they had received no instructions to pass 
 us. Thev turther said, that as we coidd not 
 produce a Dutch tree pa;s sigiieil by our Prime 
 every thing wv>uld have to he a[)praiseil and the 
 duty paiii. Hut as I liid not teel like complying, 
 and, moreover, was unable | Ironi lack ot nu)ney 
 to do it, even had I been so liisptvsed, 1 returnei 
 at lull speeti to Arnheiui wiiere the Revenue 
 otiicers ol the Admiral were supposed to be sta- 
 tioned. I soui'ht therein vain lor such inlornia- 
 tion as would enable our expeiiition to proceed ; 
 and even asked the assistance ot bis Excellency 
 \'on Nicuenheini, commander o{' the Baden In- 
 tantry stati^med there. This latter personage 
 took an interest in the matter, and reported it 
 to the City President. But even this step was 
 ot no avail. Whoever I questioneil gave me tlie 
 same answer, viz : that his Highness must lirst 
 give his permission. It wms ii o'clock when I 
 arrived at Arnheim Irom Schenken Schanz ; and 
 until two o'clock 1 lingered among these ill-bred 
 
 m 
 
nAuscirs joukn/il. 
 
 27 
 
 people, when, linully, cvci the ,)/nccrs „r thv\v 
 own !^irnso„ became an;r,-y vvi(h fhoni. I'lu.s 
 
 c.rcu.ustancci f ,n;,.le „,> ,mv u.in.l <,,.,Vk|y, „. 
 ook an cx|,rc,ss--,,„sf r„ ,hc "Hague. I left Arn 
 
 amvecl at ti.el.ouse of l.isKxcellency's Ambas- 
 sador, S,r Vnrke . .,gie, in Hague at 6 A. M 
 Mavmg eome by way of lJtn,cb( and f.eyden'.' 
 22(1. I immed.ately awoke bis Secretary wbo 
 announced my arrival to bis cbief. To bim [ 
 •cported tbe trouble I bad ,net witb, wbicb bad 
 made tbc progress of <,„r marcb (bfiiculr. Tbe 
 Kn.gbt b>st „o time in g<,ing to tbe Court at 8 
 A. IVI and laymgtbe matter before bis ni;.b 
 ness tbe (;overnor of tbe States. Tbereuimn 
 my bee passes were promised me by 
 same morning. Ti,„e passed. It was 
 '2, tbcn I o'cb)ck in tbe alternoon ' 
 received an invitition to dine witb bis K>.cellcncy 
 ^H. Kn.ght,Sn- Yorke Logic; and at tbe close 
 ^'' tbed.nner()rabout6K M.. I received my 
 Papcrj, and also a birge package adch-essed to 
 U,b Ka,nsb>r(l at Nnnwegen, wbo bad left tbe 
 Hague tor tb.s phice a day in advance in order 
 to inspect my company. 
 
 23d I took tbe same route back, viz : by 
 
 Vj^ 01 LeydenandUtrecbt; tben bore to tbe 
 
 et to ^^nwege„, wbere I arrived on the z.d 
 
 at hall past eleven in tbe morning. Here I re- 
 
 10 the 
 10, II, 
 I tben 
 
 i 
 
 Is 
 
 »'i 
 
 J 
 
 iiaUM 
 
 J. -1 
 
If 
 
 tif 
 
 i 
 
 III 
 
 I ■!:■ 
 
 1' 
 
 28 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ceived a document giving us a free passage not 
 from Schenken Schanz down the Rhine to 
 Arnheim, but on the Wahl to Nimwegen ! 
 Moreover, as soon as I should arrive there I 
 would have to pass another inspection, and this 
 notwithstanding my assertion that all had been 
 seen to, and provided for, by his Excellency, 
 the English Col. Faucit at Hanau ! And now 
 I was given to understand that the whole routine 
 would have to be again gone through with in 
 conformity to the special order of his Excellency, 
 the Ambassador, which Col. von Rainsford 
 showed me. Accordingly, I hastened to leave 
 Nimwegen that I might rejoin my men at 3 
 P. M. the same day. The rest of the day was 
 spent by the soldiers in cleaning and painting 
 the ships, and by the officers, subalterns and my- 
 self in preparing different rolls, which will be 
 found under Letters B. C. and D. 
 
 24th. My orders were to leave Schanken 
 Schanz at day-break, but the wind prevented me 
 from doing so ; and although I sailed some 
 miles I was obliged to. return to the shore. On 
 this account, we only reached Nimwegen, opposite 
 the parade-ground, at a quarter past five. Ac- 
 companied by Col. Dufais, I started an hour in 
 advance to announce the arrival of the artillery 
 to Col. Rainsford. In the Wahl, where we 
 came to anchor, there is a small island. Here I 
 had the men land and formed in companies* 
 
 M 
 
1 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 29 
 
 The above mentioned Col. Rainsford, accom- 
 panied by his Highness, Prince of Waldeck's 
 Colonel and Commander Von der Hooven, and 
 the greater part of the staff-officers of the garri- 
 son, paid me a visit while at this spot. As they 
 left the boats and passed along our front, I or- 
 dered the march to be beaten and the men to 
 give the usual salute. I then gave the command, 
 " Turn right ;" on which the officers and sub- 
 alterns advanced to the centre of the company 
 and reformed the front. 
 
 The colonel was present at roll-call and 
 mustered the men himself; looked over each 
 soldier critically ; and expressed his satisfaction at 
 the general appearance of all the men. Finally, 
 I formed the company into four sections and 
 caused them to salute while passing. I then 
 asked for further instructions, and was told that 
 the men must take the oath of fealty to their 
 Majesties.' My reply was, that if desired, I 
 vvould order my men to pass before them for re- 
 view twice more, but that it would be useless to 
 oblige them to take the oath again, as that for- 
 mality had been properly attended to at Hanau 
 in the presence of the English Col. Faucit; and 
 further, by that oath, each one of my men was 
 bound to be faithful and loyal towards the King. 
 As no objection was made to this remark, I 
 ordered the men to sheathe their bayonets, file' to 
 
 • King George III and Prince William of Hanau. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 III 
 
 
 V 
 
 II 
 
TT ' 
 
 f ! 
 
 ,i 1 
 
 !! 
 
 I 
 
 30 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 the left, and return in single file into the ship. 
 This second parade took up one hour. 
 
 This entirely unexpected delay gave rise to 
 several annoyances, ist It caused an expendi- 
 ture of (21 Dutch florins for the post-chaise and 
 drink-money, for the living and drink of the 
 Post riders, and for hor>:es and road and custom- 
 house fees. All this was incurred hy the journey 
 from Schenken Schanz' to Arnheim and the 
 Hague', back to Nimwegen, and from Nimwe- 
 gen to Schenkan Schanz: 2d On account of 
 this three da) s dcc.y my men were short of their 
 rations for just that length of time ; and 3d, the 
 sailing-master B ^ht ' A^as out of pocket 76 to 
 78 florins by this delay which caused extra ex- 
 penses for the wheel-man, himself and his 
 sailors. All this I reported to the Ambassador 
 at the Hague, stating, at the same time, that as 
 this had all happened without any tault on our 
 part, these expenses should properly be charged 
 to the King's account. That personage imme- 
 diately approved of it thinking the amount 
 reasonable ; and I handed to Colonel Rainsford 
 the necessary orders for the repayment. Accord- 
 ingly, my travelling expenses of 121 florins were 
 
 ' A strong fortress ot GuilJeilaiid, 
 situated in an angle ot' tlie Betuwe where 
 the R.liine divides into two briinches. It 
 occupies a commanding pojition and is 
 considered as the centre uf coniiniinicatiim 
 between Germany and Holland. 
 
 "A large and beautiful town in the 
 
 Netherlands. As long ago as 1250 it 
 became the residence of the Governors or 
 Counts of Holland ; and since that period, 
 it has been, almost without interruption 
 the seat ot government. It is especially 
 celebrated for its porcelain maiiufacturies. 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 31 
 
 handed to me, as soon as the review was over, the 
 same day. The provisions, also, which had heen 
 ordered the previous day by Col. von der 
 Hooven by order of Col. von Rainsford, were 
 delivered immediately after the drill. The bill 
 of the sailing-master, which I had already ap- 
 proved was countersigned by Col. Rainsford, but 
 not paid, as this item belonged to the contract 
 made by Col. Faucit at Hanau. It would be 
 perfectly inexcusable should this man receive 
 nothing for his losses. He took good care of 
 the transportation, and was ever ready to give 
 friendly aid even to the most inconsiderable man 
 in the company ; so that he possesses the love 
 and confidence of every common soldier. We 
 all desired if it were a possible thing, that he 
 should bring us as far as Quebec. 
 
 With all the above mentioned matters the 
 24th passed; and we spent the night on the 
 Island off which we anchored. 
 
 25th. The company were obliged to start at 
 day-break. By order of the Colonel, I left the 
 command with Lieutejiant Sp.ingenberg, who, 
 with Lieut. Bach remain '^d with the men ; and 
 in company with the Colonel and Lieut. Dufais 
 set out from Nimwegen' in a small yacht for 
 
 a ii 
 
 ' F.imous from the Congress held there Rliine called the Waal. It is fortified 
 
 under the mediation of Cliarles U j and with walls and ditched and extensive 
 
 for the peace concluded at and ratitied out works. Taken by the French, 8th 
 
 by William the lU in 167S. Situated on Sept., 1794. 
 the left bank of the great branch of the 
 
 .»V'' ' '1., 
 
:: ' ! 
 
 32 
 
 PJUSCfTS JOURNAL. 
 
 I I 
 
 |H- 
 
 Dortrecht' at 1 1 o'clock that same morning. 
 Our object was to look for our transport-ship ; 
 and this we found, on the afternoon of the 26th, 
 on the " Kiel," a great canal about a short mile 
 distant from Wilhelmstadten.^ The Colonel and 
 ourselves boarded it that we might personally 
 inspect the ship, and also make arrangements 
 with the Captain for the boarding and accommo- 
 dation of our men. The presence of the Colonel 
 and of Lieut. Dufais was very necessary in per- 
 fecting these arrangements, as the Captain spoke 
 only English except a very little French ; indeed, 
 he spoke even less French than myself Our 
 ship, which is called the ** Juno " is a three-master, 
 and is commanded by Captain Edward Schmidt, 
 a very quiet and pleasant Englishman of, perhaps, 
 38 years of age. The "Juno" is not a common 
 transport-ship. It presents a neat appearance, 
 and was formerly engaged in the Slave-trade. 
 She carries on her front decks 18 short iron ship 
 cannon ; but, at present, has on board only seven 
 pieces of 4 and 6 lbs calibre. The captain in- 
 tends to make up his full complement of cannon 
 at Portsmouth. The Colonel informed me that 
 
 ii 
 
 ' Dortrecht or Dort, a town in the 
 Netherlands in S. Holland. It suffered 
 in 14x1, by a terrible inundation wiiich 
 brealcing down the dykes swept away 
 72 villages and drowned 100,000 people. 
 The timber which is brought in immense 
 floats down the Rhine is here prepared 
 for use in the saw-milli and exported. 
 The place is also famous from the famous 
 
 synod of Dort having been held here in 
 1618 and 19, an assembly of Protestant 
 divines which condemned the tenets of 
 the Armenians. 
 
 ^A strongly fortified town in Holland, 
 on that part of the Meuse called Butter- 
 vliet. It is one of the Keys of Holland, 
 and ^defended with 7 bastions and double 
 fosse. It has also an excellent harbor 
 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ZZ 
 
 in case of an emergency, my men would be ex- 
 pected to help serve the cannon ; and that, if the 
 ship should be attacked, we must all turn to and 
 aid in defending it to our utmost ability. This 
 ■ request, together with the English order, I kept 
 to myself, only communicating them to Lieut. 
 Dufais and the other officers; for I resolved only 
 to tell my men of what was expected of them 
 when the emergency should arise, hoping, by 
 this course, to keep them' from becoming timid, 
 and perhaps, as it might prove, without reason! 
 The bedsteads and the small mattrasses and 
 quilts are of middling quality, good or bad as 
 you have a mind to call them. I, therefore, gave 
 them the company's covers, it was difficult to 
 find accommodations for the company on this 
 ship. The beds, six in number, are very narrow 
 and are arranged in two tiers one above the 
 other, and separated. Every six men receive 
 their provisions together. To every Corporal's 
 squad, I give one officer and eleven common 
 soldiers. The married men and women occupy 
 the beds; and to prevent misbehaviour as much 
 as possible, every three pairs are separated.' My 
 three officers and myself have a pretty large 
 cabin, the wainscotting, upholstering and table 
 of which are very neatly finished in Mahogany. 
 After spending about an hour and a half in our 
 inspection and in completing our final arrange- 
 
 /. e. Three pain to etch bed. 
 
 t 
 
 iii 
 
 m 
 
 k 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 34 
 
 PmSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ments, we started back to Dortrecht. We 
 had, on the 25th, scarcely left Nimwegen at 11 
 o'clock, when we found that our Hanau ships 
 with the artillery had been again arrested, and 
 we were once more obliged to pay revenue 
 duties. By the merest luck, the English Colo- 
 nel, who was with us, had Holland money. For 
 a permit to proceed he had to pay 33 florins, and 
 for the passage- money of the Hanau Regiment, 
 12 florins and 16 stuber. Nor until these sums 
 had been actually paid down in our presence, 
 were we allowed to proceed on our voyage. In- 
 deed, these Holland formalities were of such 
 a nature that had not the Colonel chanced to be 
 present with the money, a second journey to 
 the Hague would have been unavoidable. 
 
 On the 25th two craft, called lighters, were 
 chartered at Dortrecht and sent back to meet 
 the Hanau ships a little distance from Herrten- 
 felds v/here they were reloading. 
 
 26th. In this lighter, containing one-half of 
 the men, the six cannon, one gun-carriage, one 
 cart, and the greater part of the baggage, I 
 started ahead from Dortrecht, at half past one, 
 for the transport ship, arriving there at about a 
 quarter past three. I immediately set about 
 transferring the contents of the small vessel to the 
 large one ; but I had not yet finished my work 
 when, three hours later, the other lighter arrived 
 
!\ 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ZS 
 
 with the rest of the men and the buggy, and 
 also with the Colonel and Lieutenant DuFais. 
 livery thing was then, in the wink of an eye, 
 transferred from the lighters to the transport 
 vessel the same night. 
 
 Notwithstanding all this, the vessel chosen for 
 the purpose is altogether too small. The fol- 
 lowing two days were t^^ent in arranging matters 
 and putting things to rights. The cannons, 
 together with the gun-carriages, were lowered 
 into the hold of the ship on top of the ballast 
 and barrels, but in such a way that many repairs 
 will be necessary when we take them up again 
 on account of the smallness of the space. Every 
 thing else is still between decks. (N. B. as no 
 place could be found for the large casks contain- 
 ing the harnesses for the horses, they had to be 
 all unpacked, and after being folded up and tied 
 together they were taken to the hold of the 
 vessel, together with the ropes, bags, mangers, 
 and pouch-bags.) The Captain will have to, 
 and indeed, intends, to procure an additional and 
 smaller vessel either at Portsmouth or Spithead, 
 so that the space between decks may be clear, 
 free, and open. 
 
 27th. We sailed from the place where a e em- 
 barked, Colonel Rainsford taking leave of us and 
 starting for the Hague. Before he took his de- 
 parture, he sent to London, by the_^Packet-boat 
 
 m 
 
36 
 
 P/fUSCH'S yOURNJL. 
 
 from Helvoetsliiys' a large package addressed to 
 His Majesty, the King of Great Britain. Wc 
 passed Wilhclmstadt within a quarter of a mile 
 of Hclvoctsluys, where wc cast anchor, and here 
 in this road wc arc now. 
 
 28th. 
 
 29th. 
 
 30th. 
 
 31st. We are still here, in consequence of con- 
 trary winds ; but as soon as the wind changes, 
 we will not hesitate, if the change is favorable, 
 to get under sail for our place of destination and 
 rendezvous. 
 
 Up to the present time, we are all well and 
 healthy having escaped catching the itch of 
 Bombadier Wall, S. C, who has it terribly. I 
 have him sleep all alone. Unfortunately, the 
 surgeon on board has no remedy for this disease 
 with him, nor can he procure any until we 
 arrive at Portsmouth. Since the 27th, every 
 body has to take up with the ship's table. We all 
 find the food pretty palatable as yet. The beer 
 is passable and drinkable. It is called ** small 
 beer " in English. 
 
 The men, moreover, among themselves arc 
 cheerful and contented. 
 
 'A fortified town in S. Holland having naval school ; at this time and ^'or a long 
 a very large und an excellent hatborj also while after, it was the regular station for 
 extensive magazines, dock-yardi and a packets to England, 
 
 — t .MJtiu i .i r w*- 
 
f 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 37 
 
 Colonel Rainsford thoroughly understands our 
 profession, and has been entirely favorable to us. 
 Accordingly, Dufais and myself, while with him 
 in his yacht, had to undergo a systematic and 
 extended examination ; at the result of which he 
 appeared very much pleased. We drew plans 
 and manceuvred while in our little yacht, but, of 
 course, only on paper ! He enquired minutely 
 into my administration of the Company, as to the 
 amount of clothing on hand, etc.; and upon my 
 specifying every thing I had on hand, and also 
 telling him what I had given to each new man, 
 he expressed his entire satisfaction. He was, 
 also, particularly gratified on being told that each 
 company, by order of his most serene Highness 
 the Prince, were supplied with an equally good 
 outfit and, in some instances, perhaps a better. 
 
 He took notes of all these details, and assured 
 me that he would make a favorable report both 
 to his Majesty, the King, and to the Ambas- 
 sador. 
 
 The troops of the Duke of Brunswick, on the 
 contrary, were poorly provided with these neces- 
 sary articles, having very little, if indeed, any- 
 thing with them. 
 
 Second Continuation of the "Journal^ which ended 
 
 May 3 1 st. 
 
 ijjty June I St. We rode at anchor in the 
 roadstead of Helvoetsluys until the following 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
38 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 morning. At half past eight, the anchors were 
 weighed, and we made sail with a favorable, 
 though high wind. This favorable wind lasted 
 no longer than till evening when it veered round 
 and became unfavoni'jle. However, we con- 
 tinued on our course until morning. 
 
 2d. No wind whatever ; and we could scarcely 
 notice that we were moving. By 12 o'clock at 
 noon the wind became again favorable, but was 
 still very weak. Towards 3 o'clock it became 
 stronger again, but being rather ahead delayed 
 our progress. 
 
 3d. However, we continued on, and reached 
 the Channel about 9 o'clock on the morning of 
 June 3d, with a favorable but scarcely a notice- 
 able breeze. Towards 6 o'clock in the evening, a 
 thunder-shower gathered, but it passed olF 
 towards the French coast. Towards half past 
 eight in the evening, another terrible thunder 
 storm arose accompanied by terrific lightning 
 and a very severe wind ; which latter, although 
 at first favorable for us, soon afterward became 
 contrary. This weather lasted until midnight. 
 The Captain felt considerable alarm, for we 
 were pretty close to two sand-banks in the 
 channel ; and the worst of all was, that it was 
 night. 
 
 4th. After midnight, the danger seemed to 
 vanish ; by two in the morning the wind was 
 
 k 
 
PJUSCirS JOVRNAL, 
 
 39 
 
 favorable ; by nine and ten it was still favorable 
 but high; and at half past ten we reached the 
 roadstead of Spithead where we cast anchor. 
 
 Continuation of the Interrupted Journal at 
 ' Spithead. 
 
 June 4th. After mailing my letters and hum- 
 ble reports, I enquired at what time, the re- 
 mamderof the Hessian and Brunswick troops 
 and, also, those of Waldeck, were expected to 
 arrive ; but at this time I could learn nothing 
 definite about them. Thus passed the 5th, 6th, 
 7th, 8th, 9th, I oth and nth: 
 
 1 2th. The three transports, with troops of the 
 Uuke of Brunswick, arrived today under the 
 command of Col. von Specht, one of the trans- 
 port-ships containing his own regiment. 
 
 14th. Having known Col. von Specht during 
 the last war/ I called on him and enquired 
 after the rest of the troops, but he knew nothing 
 about them. Regarding himself, however, he 
 said that in consequence of continuous contrary 
 winds his ship was thirteen davs in coming from 
 the neighborhood of Stade /-^n fact, that the 
 vessel had not done much more than drift ; and 
 
 I l!i 
 
miK 
 
 40 
 
 p^tJscrrs joVRMJL 
 
 that he hM\ h;ui to put up with inany (iisugrce- 
 \hlc things. The Brunswick troops, he saul, 
 haa all sailcil at the same tinic ; and that those 
 of the ships which were still nussing had heen 
 vhivcn out of their coiuse by the wind, and h;u 
 thus become separated Irom the others. Me had 
 also heard that at the time he started, some Hes- 
 sian troops had emhaiKed in only two vessels ; 
 and it was said that seven transports were still 
 required for the rest. 
 
 i<;th. After the 1 5th had passed, the missing 
 ships, containing the Brunswick troops, arrived 
 on the i6th in the oriing ; also the Waldeck 
 Regiment. 
 
 i6th. Some of the vessels entered the harbor 
 of Spithead the same evening ; and some early 
 the tollowing morning. 
 
 i-rth. Of the last comers, I have seen none as 
 vet.' Lieuts. Spangenberg and Bach went to- 
 day to Portsmouth on a furlough. On their 
 refurn, they reported that the I lessian troops 
 would arrive without tail on the 21st or 22d ot 
 this month. But before that time arrived, a 
 captain of a vessel brought the news, that the 
 Brunswick and Waldeck troops, the Scheiter 
 recruits, the horses destined for the Burgoyne 
 Light Dragoon Regiment, and the artillery and 
 baeoaee, under the escort of two trigates, would 
 sail'' [direct] for Quebec. How much truth 
 
Jl ffc'- 
 
 P/fVSars JOURNAL. 
 
 4i 
 
 there is in these reports, will he seen hetwecn 
 now antl to-int)now. 
 
 All the tnnsports, now in this roadstead, are 
 being snpplicd with water and provisions for a 
 Jinarter of a year; and, in ..rdcr that there may 
 he room on hoard lor the men and ourselves my 
 SI V cannon, Ki'n carriages, Ik,xcs, chests, 'two 
 carts, one wagon, i)Iacksmith's tools, horses har- 
 nesses, ropes, tent poles and other necessaries 
 were put on hoard a s.naller v.ssel of two masts 
 called the " Gloucester." All my men, for the 
 purp()se ol keeping good order in future, I keep 
 together on my transport, " Juno." ft was in- 
 tended that I shotdd send on hoard the •'Glou- 
 cester," which carries our " traps," twenty four 
 men; but I refused !o d(, so, on the ground that 
 there was ample room on the '* juno " for all. 
 
 Ononeofthe Hi unswick iiansport ships where 
 I hac v.s.ted Col. von Specht (a large Holland 
 vessel called the - Freesland"), there were 4^0 
 men not counting the women and children. V.^ln 
 after occupymg the deck three times, alter- 
 nately, they cannot inhale the fresh air The 
 Colonel, himself, with sixteen officers and the 
 bhip-Captain, all occupy a cabin not much 
 larger than ours. I^^or the privates, there are 
 three tiers of hunks one on top of the other. 
 There will be a great deal of sickness among these 
 poor people on account of their great number 
 and the small space allotted to them. It is said* 
 
 I 
 
 
 i 
 
 I i ■ ^ 
 
42 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 too, that there is another vessel containing 550 
 men, nearly an entire battalion. Col. Specht 
 at once despatched a Captain to London, to call 
 the attention of his Majesty the King, himself, 
 to this state of affairs and beg him to change it. 
 
 19th. The day passed without the arrival of 
 more vessels. 
 
 20th. About 3 o'clock in the afternoon, a 
 whole fleet of Holland transports hove in sight; 
 and as they came nearer under a good breeze we 
 were pretty certain that they contained Hessian 
 troops, a surmise which proved correct when, 
 about 6 o'clock in the evening, they cast anchor 
 in the road. Some of these ships sailed closer 
 in towards Portsmouth' near the harbor ; and it 
 is reported that they had on board coal and 
 other goods 
 
 The two Regiments of Wultginau and Bunan 
 were recognized this evening ; but the others 
 are as yet unknown to me, as they are still a good 
 
 'Siealciiig of Fortsmouth as it was at 
 this time, Mrs. Reidescl says : 
 
 " Portsmouth is an agreeable seaport, 
 aiui that wliich malces it the more inter- 
 esting as a residence is, that one has a 
 tine view of the ships which arrive daily, 
 and announce themselves by tiring can- 
 non. Then tlic people run down to the 
 shore, and with great impatience await 
 their arrival in port. Ships are built 
 here, and tiie dockyard is splendid, as is, 
 also, the building in which those young 
 men, who are intended tor the marine 
 serricc, are educated. Never have I be- 
 
 fore seen such order and cleanliness in a 
 public school. Since my visit it has been 
 entirely destroyed by fiie. The house of 
 the admiral is beautiful, and the view 
 from it magnificent. A wall encircles 
 the city, affording Jiandsome walks. 
 There arc also, many beautiful housts in 
 Portsmouth, and the people, though 
 mostly sailors, are more civil than in 
 Bristol. The admiral took care that 
 they should be lo, and punished all 
 irrcguluritiei with severity, hut in other 
 respects he was a good and kind man," 
 
 1 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 +3 
 
 distance off. After bed-time some more of these 
 vessels came in sight ; and the probability is, that 
 with the splendid good wind, now prevailing, 
 they will certainly arrive in time and will 
 anchor here. 
 
 Continuation of Diary from Spithcad near Ports- 
 
 ?)iouth. 
 
 2ist 22d During the night of the 21st and 
 22d all the Hessian troops of the Third Division 
 dropped m one by one in Holland Transports 
 and anchored in the road -stead. To these troops, 
 the Prince of VValdeck's Battalion, it is said, will 
 be added Our transport was, by this time, sup- 
 plied with all the necessary provisions and ready 
 to sail With the greatest impatience we waited 
 trom hour to hour for the order to start I 
 went once more and for the last time, to Ports- 
 mouth both to learn something definite and to 
 buy some provisions for my.^elf. Here I met 
 the same morning, many Hessian officers and 
 acquaintances, and among ihem Stude, the En- 
 voy of Hesse- Cassel, Capt. von Kurtzleben of 
 the Infantry Regiment, and von Donop' who was 
 
 Bank, N. r , Oct aid i^v-^ n' ?''""^-, ^''""^' '"= '^^^^ ''""^^ '<> 
 
 He vJas fo „d by £' fSi. '1 ^' l^uplc.se who iud tenderly „u,.ed him. 
 Capt. Duple.se Ivinrheir '■''' "'"'''■ ^ '^'^ ''" ^'"= ^^'"= "H.unor, a 
 
 ! I 
 
 -i i 
 
 :| 
 
 i 
 
 ,!! 
 
 m 
 

 44- 
 
 PAUSCtrS JOURNJL. 
 
 } i i! 
 
 ■1 1 
 
 ! I 
 
 at the same hotel where I stopped, and whom I 
 accordingly visited at his room, as I had ascer- 
 tained he was then alone. I was received in a 
 very friendly and hearty manner by this states- 
 man and courtier ; and after being entertained 
 by him for nearly a quarter of an hour, I called 
 upon our bankers, Taylor and Guitton, for the 
 purpose of hearing the news and of bidding them 
 farewell ; for I knew now, to a certainty, through 
 the English Quarter-Master General of our fleet 
 (an officer of the Marines), that we would surely 
 sail in a few days with the Brunswick troops for 
 Quebec under sealed orders. 
 
 While waiting at the Bankers, I met an army 
 pay-master, one Schmidt of the third division of 
 the Hessian army. He was obliged to exchange 
 his 40,000 Thalers for small bank-notes of five 
 pounds sterling each, instead of guineas. This 
 went sadly against the grain ; and I saw clearly 
 that he would very naturally have preferred good 
 hard guineas. The same offer was also made to 
 me, viz : that I should take as many small notes 
 as I was in need of. I expressed my thanks but 
 did not avail myself of their offer, saying that 
 I had as many of them as I should need before 
 arriving at Quebec, as my men were now all on 
 board the ship ; and, consequently, would not re- 
 quire any money. I also said, that I hoped, 
 after arriving there', that I should receive genuine 
 
 ' /'. e. Quebec. 
 
 -J' i. 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 
 
 45 
 
 money, not those little bits of paper' ; and farther, 
 that I intended to pay my men for their services 
 in real money till we arrived [in America]. My 
 chief reason, however, — and it was not inconsist- 
 ent with the above excuse — was this; that in 
 case of an accident to the ship or to us, the little 
 quantity of money we had on board might be 
 more easily saved. I had intended, after finish- 
 ing all my business, to go on board the vessel at 
 about 7 o'clock, but the weather was so stormy, 
 that no one would risk his life by going out to 
 the ship in a small boat ; and his life would 
 really have been greatly endangered. I at- 
 tempted it twice between 8 and 9 o'clock but 
 each time was driven back to the shore. 
 
 22d. Finally, after many dangers, I started in 
 my boat the next morning between 8 and 1 1 
 o'clock, on the 22d ; but I was obliged to get on 
 board a ship anchored quite a distance from 
 mine, and on which were the Hessian Chasseurs 
 and Grenadiers, and there wait until the fury of 
 the storm had abated and my clothes had dried. 
 This was not until afternoon. 
 
 Every thing was sinfully extravagant and dear, 
 during the whole time of our stay, both for 
 officers and privates. This remark applies to 
 every necessary article for our use. All imagin- 
 able provisions were daily brought by vendors 
 from the city in small boats to each' ship for 
 
 'Had Pausch lived in our day he " Bland Silver dollar ! " 
 would prob«bly have gone in tor the 
 
 :;i 
 
 mm.1 
 
^p 
 
 'I I! 
 
 I I 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 ) ^ 
 
 I 
 
 ill- 
 
 
 46 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 sale ; but bread and every thing else was so dear 
 that the men could hardly afford to buy them. 
 Otherwise, Portsmouth and its surroundings are 
 very pleasant. 
 
 The city itself, judging from outward appear- 
 ance, consists of well built houses, although 
 there are many small dwellings in the side streets 
 and suburbs. To the west of it, is a large and 
 extensive building with big gardens attached. 
 This is the Hospital for all the sick soldiers and 
 sailors of the King. Others, however, may 
 become inmates by obtaining permission. To 
 the east is the citadel, which, as well as the city 
 near the road stead, is fortified by many large 
 iron cannons. On the hindside, also, the place is 
 enclosed by the most durable works. The 
 harbor, the wharfs — in tact, the shops for the 
 building and repairing of ships, the anchor 
 works and other blacksmith-shops, the depot 
 for provisions and the arsenals are all well worthy 
 of inspection. Especially noteworthy is the 
 astonishing number of iron ship-cannon — of 
 from 48 to 12 and 6 pounders — with the large 
 quantity of balls, and the awfully big anchors. 
 But the handsomest appearance of all .was made 
 by the Manual transport frigate, which was 
 anchored in the road. Many other ships were 
 also gathered here in considerable numbers. 
 The place, itself, which is not extensive, deserves, 
 on account of the above objects of curiosity, to 
 
PjIVsch's journal. 
 
 M 
 
 be visited in preference to many other towns. 
 It should be seen particularly during the working 
 hours of the ship-builders. A visitor, also, should 
 glance at the front of the Arsenal where are 
 situated the cannon, mortars, and the balls. 
 
 23d and 24th. During the 23d and 241!! the 
 Brunswick troops were supplied with their pro- 
 visions. The provisioning of the Hessian soldiers 
 was also begun. On the evening of the 24th, the 
 above mentioned officer of Marines, viz :' the 
 former Quarter- Master General, inspected the 
 number of our Marines. He also looked over 
 the list of the Captain commanding the ship on 
 which was my company. He then told us that 
 we would sail on the morrow, and hoped and 
 wished that we would reach our destination after 
 a pleasant voyage. 
 
 25th. A little past 3 o'clock in the afternoon, 
 our anchors were hoisted, and, under the pro- 
 tection of the two frigates, " Amazon " and 
 ** Garland," we sailed with the rest of the trans- 
 ports as far as the Islan^l of St. Helena' where 
 we all again cast anchor. This Island is from 
 six to seven miles distant from Portsmouth, and, 
 as my ship's Patron^ describes it, 15 English 
 miles long and about the same in width. It is 
 inhabited ; and is very pleasant and fertile. 
 Here I counted our fleet, which was separated 
 
 • Pausch (probably from lack of of Wight, with the Island itielf. He 
 knowledge of English) was mieled, and means the hie of Wight 
 confuied the Bay of &. Htlem in. the Iile ■'i. e. The Captain 
 
 w > I 
 
+8 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 i 
 
 i 1 
 
 from the rest at Spithead. It consists, including 
 our ship, of 30 transports, and the above men- 
 tioned frigates, of which the " Amazon " leads 
 the van, and the " Garland " brings up the rear. 
 The entire tieet, therefore, consists of 32 ships. 
 One of these ships carries our company with all 
 of its " traps " and accoutrements ; while eighteen 
 others have on board the troops of the Duke of 
 Brunswick, Scheiter's recruits, the horses for 
 the Light Dragoon Regiment of Burgoyne, and 
 the artillery and baggage. 
 
 The commander of the fleet — so far as relates 
 to the ships themselves — is Capt. Jacobs, a 
 Swede by birth ; but the Brunswick troops are 
 under the command of Col. von Specht. 
 
 26th. At a quarter past four in the afternoon, 
 the signal shot was fired ; the sails, hitherto 
 lowered, were hoisted ; the anchors were 
 weighed ; and, without further delay and with a 
 fine east wind, we sailed ; and thus, at last, we 
 had made a good start upon our journey. 
 
 27th. During this day we kept generally along- 
 side of the fleet, ours being the ship nearest the 
 frigate which led the advance. But as the dusk 
 of evening came on, the commander of the 
 ** Amazon " saw that our Captain, although only 
 under half sail, had to hold back his ship with 
 all his might, since, of all the other transports, it 
 cut its way the quickest through the waves ; 
 
PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 49 
 
 in fact, sailing as well as the fastest frigate. The 
 ** Amazon's " Commander, accordingly ordered 
 our captain to lower those sails which were still 
 unfurled, and to sail in front of his frigate, direct- 
 ing him at the same time, however, not to lose 
 sight of the tleet. The Captain did as ordered 
 and placed our ship in the van. But, as in con- 
 sequence of the night, all the ships were obliged 
 to separate somewhat from the rest in order to 
 avoid an untoward collision, and as, furthermore, 
 the darknesss rendered it impossible to keep the 
 fleet in view, we found, at day-break of the 28th, 
 that we had entirely separated from it. We 
 could not, indeed, see a single vessel. We were 
 now alone on the open sea without the company 
 of our transports and the protection of our 
 frigates; and the 29th and 30th past in a fruit- 
 less attempt to rejoin them.' 
 
 At the end of these two days we gave up all 
 hope of again meeting them : the wind was un- 
 favorable : we could make but little progress : 
 we could only tack. 
 
 July ist. No wind: indeed, far less than on 
 the previous two days. In twenty-nine hours, 
 we made scarcely as many English miles. The 
 same evening, however, a breeze sprang up of 
 such a nature as to cause the sea to become very 
 
 ' Corroborated by Riedesel, who writes, board the Hesse-Hanau artillery ; but the 
 '•The transports had left England simul- latter, soon becoming separated from the 
 tancously with the vessel having on rest of the convoy, got the lead." 
 
 ^1 
 
 It 
 
 It 
 
so 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL 
 
 th 
 
 I 
 
 boisterous. After twenty-four hours, however, 
 the angry waves quieted down, but the head 
 wind still continued, so that little headway was 
 made in a westerly direction. 
 
 4th, 5th and 6th. The wind seemed gradually 
 to become more and more auspicious — though 
 not all that could be desired — until the morning 
 of the 7th, when, at a quarter past seven, the 
 wind became perfectly favorable and the sea 
 calm and propitious for our progress. On the 
 evening of the same day, about a quarter of 7, we 
 perceived approaching us a small two-master. 
 Our Captain recognized it as an American priva- 
 teer or pirate. He therefore ordered his six 
 cannon to be got in readiness for action, and also 
 the small arms for the sailors, which consisted of 
 guns, pistols, blunderbusses, and long terrible 
 Israelitish cimeters". My men, also, who were not 
 yet sea-sick were made ready for the emergency. 
 The subalterns and my best cannoniers I armed 
 with the twelve muskets which I had. I could 
 not help feeling sorrowful at the lack of muskets, 
 for, otherwise, I might have armed my entire 
 company. 
 
 8th. Towards morning, about a quarter past 
 one, the American Corsair was within gun-shot. 
 We saluted it by three sharp cannon shot, follow- 
 ing each other in slow succession, as a si 
 
 • Piusch calls them •• Israelitiah," but was nut exhaustive ; and anything ti n 
 he probably meant Damascus cimeters. Syria or the East had, in his mind, a 
 The knowledge of the East at this time Jewish cast ! 
 
T 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNJL. 
 
 51 
 
 for it to halt. Whereupon, it hung out from 
 the mast-head a lighted lantern, furled its sails 
 and waited. Upon hailing it through a speak- 
 ing-trunipet, the captain ascertained that it was 
 only a French fishing smack, hound for the great 
 fishing hanks of Newfoundland, which France, 
 under certain conditions, holds in common with 
 England. These hanks are situated between 
 Cape Race' and St. Peter's Bank, 150 English 
 miles in front of the above mentioned Cape 
 almost in mid-ocean. The captain went in one 
 of our boats on board the vessel and found that 
 the master of the smack had stated things cor- 
 rectly. 
 
 For six days this fishing smack had sailed 
 under favorable winds— the same winds which 
 to us had been so inauspicious. The fact that it 
 was night, had, it seems, caused our ship to be 
 taken for the English frigate " Juno," and to be 
 respected accordingly. This was quite an inno- 
 cent honor ! Another vessel of the same kind 
 appeared a ftiw hours later ; and, again, it was 
 taken, in the distance, to be an American priva- 
 teer. We went through the same manoeuvres as 
 before, and with the same result ; as it turned out, 
 as above hinted, to be another French fishing 
 smack. The French Captain requested our 
 Captain, upon landing, to insert in a Newspaper, 
 that the English transport *' Juno," having on 
 
 'Pausch refers of course, to Cape Ray, opposite Cape Breton. 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 ■^^^ 
 
 
 IM 
 
 m^m 
 
' 
 
 y^-r 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 52 
 
 PAUSCtrS JOURNAL. 
 
 board the Hanau Artillery, had met his vessel on 
 her way to America. Regarding our ship having 
 been mistaken for the "Juno" by the first vessel, 
 Capt. Schmidt of our ship gave that out for a 
 fact ; and it was no doubt so reported in some 
 of the newspapers. . 
 
 During these defensive preparations, and while 
 it was yet supposed that the vessels were priva- 
 teers, there was considerable downheartedness 
 among both the young and old — particularly 
 when the cannon were (iring. However, after a 
 little while all hands, except those who were sea- 
 sick, came up, with sabres in their hands, ready for 
 fighting. The sabres, however, were so short 
 that they would have been of no use for blood- 
 letting unless the enemy had boarded the ship. 
 I was in the greatest dilemma on account of 
 the paucity of muskets; for with those 18' we 
 might have been captured. 
 
 1 2th. Our ship continued on without any 
 more of such obstacles. The wind, however, 
 continued more adverse than favorable, constantly 
 driving our vessel in ;: zig-zag course, now to the 
 right, and now to the left, whereby we made 
 but little progress. Towards a quarter of nine 
 the wind began to get astonishingly strong. 
 The waves roared around the ship to the 
 height of two-thirds of the main-mast. This 
 
 * la? See Antt, 
 
 i 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 SZ 
 
 caused considerable commotion in the ship, so 
 that no one could stand, much less walk, and 
 this lasted fully twenty-four hours. 
 
 13th. Towards 9 o'clock in the forenoon, the 
 wind being fair, we made eight English miles 
 an hour; but our joy, on this account, lasted 
 only till half past three in the afternoon when 
 the wind, becoming a perfect gale, lashed the 
 sea into terrible fury and caused us to expect 
 death every moment.' 
 
 15th. Toward 4 o'clock in the morning of 
 the 15th this gale was succeeded by a favorable 
 wind which lasted till the 17th, when by 4 
 o'clock in the morning it threatened to change 
 into a most furious gale. Indeed, it soon be- 
 came so violent, that the Captain, who was 
 generally a most courageous man and a daring 
 mariner, lost his courage. So, also, did the 
 sailors. All the sails which were hoisted were 
 torn by the wind into tatters, and the main mast 
 (the strongest) was broken short off. Each suc- 
 cessive wave following the other swept over the 
 deck or rather the ship ; and so much water 
 came into the vessel, that those who slept in the 
 lowest bunk under the forward deck with their 
 baggage, were flooded ; and this, too although 
 all the openings and air-holes |dead lights | were 
 covered. Now the ship would lay on one side, 
 
 ' And if not too sea-sick, P^usch proba- in not taking with him those " little bits 
 bly congratulated himself on his foresight of paper ! " 
 
 
 W V 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ■V1 
 
 
1. 15 
 
 54 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 and now on the other — her masts touching the 
 waters, which now rose around the ship higher 
 than the masts. At times we seemed to be in a 
 deep abyss between the walls of water. Every 
 one of us, including the Captain himself, ex- 
 pected every moment would be our last ; and 
 each one appeared reconciled to the inevit- 
 able, giving up all hope of ever seeing America, 
 or his fatherland again. This storm was 
 not to be compared with those we had be- 
 fore encountered. It continued without abate- 
 ment until eleven at night, when its fury became 
 less. All minds were filled with fear and terror; 
 until finally, at 4 o'clock in the morning of the 
 1 8th, the storm ceased its violence ; and by after- 
 noon, the wind became so quiet, that the vessel 
 made no headway whatever. At 1 2 o'clock, 
 the Captain ascertained, by his quadrant, that we 
 had been driven back by the storm forty miles. 
 
 The 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d and 23d found us 
 continuing our voyage against head winds slowly, 
 but, on the whole, successfully. The men dried 
 their large and small clothes by the little sun 
 which at times shone ; while, daily, the torn 
 sails were repairing. 
 
 24th. A storm again ; but fortunately not ac- 
 companied by head winds, otherwise, this one 
 might have proved worse than the last one. 
 
 25th. The 25th was the first really fine day 
 of our voyage since we left Spithead and the 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 55 
 
 Isle of St. Helena [Isle of Wight' ]. All this 
 time, up to now, in addition to storms, we had 
 encountered very thick fog, constant rain, and 
 very cold weather. 
 
 26th and 27th. Wind and weather good. 
 
 28th. Again, head winds. At 12 o'clock at 
 noon, the compass showed that under the 48th 
 degree, latitude and longitude, we were 1968 
 miles from Portsmouth, of which 41 was 
 reckoned to one degree. 
 
 29th. This morning, about 10 o'clock, an 
 artillery-man, who was doing sentinel's duty, 
 saw land, or rather thought he saw it. Upon 
 the fog lifting, however, and we approaching 
 nearer, we perceived it to be an iceberg ^ of a 
 mile long, \ of a mile broad and 240 feet high 
 without counting the 50 or 60 feet which was 
 under water. The wind being more than \ a 
 head, the ice-berg was directly in our course ; 
 and as the following night was not only very 
 dark but foggy, had it not been discovered by us 
 in the daytime, it might have caused a collision 
 and the foundei . g of the ship. Thus, our 
 general rejoicing at seeing, as we supposed, land, 
 came, as the saying is, to naught. The sight of 
 this great piece of ice so suddenly looming up 
 at this time of the year and in such regions 
 caused in myself and my companions (who felt 
 
 ! 
 
 ,, 
 
 b i 
 
 *See previous note. 
 
f 
 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 PAUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 as I did) an unspeakable yearning for a self sup- 
 porting, fertile spot of land, no matter where 
 situated ! ' 
 
 30th. This day, as well as the one following, 
 we passed on the open sea, with stormy weather 
 and contrary winds, and suffering, withal, the 
 cold of Winter. 
 
 31st. At noon, we were, according to our 
 reckoning, in 48 degrees and 59 minutes longi- 
 tude; and had, therefore, made 2048 English 
 miles. The same evening, about eight o'clock, 
 we reached the great Fishing-Banks, where we 
 found fifty fathoms of water. Each fathom 
 contains or is equal to six English feet. 
 
 August I St and 2d. Our voyage was attended 
 by head winds \ on our quarter. Here we 
 caught English gold-fish. 
 
 3d. We reached the Island of Cape Breton 
 opposite Louisburg with such a favorable breeze, 
 that we saw Cape Race at 9 in the morning. 
 It lies to our right, and forms with its right bank 
 the strait or Gulf of St. Lawrence. At this 
 point, according to the statement of our Captain 
 and his quadrant, we had made 2103 English 
 miles from Portsmouth, and are now in the 
 above named Gulf. 
 
 "There must, however, have been some second division had arrived after an- 
 
 way of communicating with Quebec, some auspicious voyage. The rumor, howevei, 
 
 means of telegraphing, — since Gen. was only partially confirmed, as only one 
 
 Riedesel, in his Journal, says '' On the ship arrived having on board the Hesse 
 
 29th of July there was a rumor that the Hanau artillery." 
 
 •Si 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 S7 
 
 5th. The wind was propitious ; but we could 
 not make headway on account of the dense fog, 
 as we had to avoid the Islands of St. Magdalene, 
 with the dangerous cliffs by which they are sur- 
 rounded, and which lay to our right. For this 
 reason, all our sails were furled ; and coming to 
 a halt , we caught gold-fish* for pastime. These 
 fish were served the next day with bur.ter to the 
 men as rations ; and they tasted first rate. 
 
 6th. On the 6th we again had a view of the 
 west side of this Island, which we passed at five 
 in the evening. In consequence of the fog and 
 the cliffs, the sails had again to be furled, 
 obliging us to tack. 
 
 7th. This lasted till 5 in the afternoon. By 
 four, we had in our sight the little Island of St. 
 Paul ; and on our left North Cape Breton — 
 both of which we passed about 1 1 o'clock in the 
 night. 
 
 8th. In the morning about 8 o'clock, we ap- 
 proached North Point passing it under a most 
 favorable wind, at about half past eight in the 
 evening, alongside of the West Cape or Point of 
 the Magdalene Islands. 
 
 * /. f, to anchor. As a military man coast to the extreme north. They were 
 and not a sailor, Pausch uses the term calleJ then, as they are now, by English 
 he Ij most familiar with — "halt." sailors, " Lnglish gold tinnies " and so 
 
 Pausch n.ituiMlly thought they were 
 
 ■The common salt water perch, found named gold-tish.— y^. McF. Da-vis to the 
 so abundantly in shoal water along the translator. 
 
 I 
 
 \i\ 
 
58 
 
 PJUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 9th, loth and i ith. Until noon, there was no 
 wind. The weather, also, seemingly, was beau- 
 tiful, notwithstanding which we made little or no 
 progress. However, about half past twelve, we 
 had a tolerably fair breeze, and we passed Bona- 
 ventura. At this place we .sailed over a bank, 
 where, for the distance of a mile, we had but 4 
 and \ to 5 and 6 fathoms of water. This, how- 
 ever, did not last long ; for toward evening we 
 found we had 12, then 15, and finally 16, and by 
 evening, 80 fathoms of water. We rounded 
 Cape Rosiere at 12 o'clock at night, under a 
 most beautiful clear blue sky ; and early on the 
 1 2th, with extraordinary good wind, we found 
 ourselves in the St. Lawrence, south of the Island 
 of Anticosti. Here we met a small two master, 
 which had on board the wives of English sailors. 
 It hailed from Halifax ; and the cargo was to be 
 discharged at Quebec. On this ship was a pilot 
 from the Isle of Orleans, this side of Quebec, 
 who was engaged by our Captain to take us to 
 that place. 
 
 13th, 14th and 15th. We reached the little 
 Island Nicholas. In the morning, at half past 
 eight, we were met by a large English transport 
 having on board Royal troops from Boston ; and 
 half an hour later, we encountered four more 
 transports, under the escort of the Royal Frigate 
 " Pearl," carrying troops for the corps d'armee in 
 
 I 
 
 -Ji 1 
 
 mim 
 
 mmmt 
 
PJUSCfl'S JOURNAL. 
 
 59 
 
 the vicinity of New York. We were examined 
 by an officer of this Frigate, who boarded our 
 vessel from a small boat. 
 
 i6th. The whole of this day, as well as the 
 next two days ( the 17th and i8th) in consequence 
 of |ie untoward North West wind, was spent in 
 loahng in the river and in tacking from one side 
 to the other ; so that we did not make a quarter 
 ot a mile headway. 
 
 Since yesterday, the mountains called Camille' 
 are in sight ; and if we had but a favorable wind 
 of only ; on our quarter we should soon reach 
 them. Today, we again met a Royal Frigate 
 on her voyage. She is called the '« Tartar • " and 
 we met her about 15 miles below the' above 
 named point, close to the Camille. No officer 
 from this frigate examined us on board, but only 
 by a speaking-trumpet. 
 
 19th to the 26th. We reached Quebec^" 
 towards evening about 5 o'clock. On our way, 
 
 ' There are no mountains, now called 
 by this name, either in Canada or anv 
 where else that we know .f. The moun- 
 tains seen by I'auscli were the Shikshock 
 in Gaspe, with the Lauientian and Alle- 
 ghany ran-e in the distance. Possihiy 
 "_ Camille" may have been a locil name 
 given to iliem at the time when Pausih 
 vvrote, as the Agent of the Seii;r,ori(s, at 
 the present day, enjoys the title of 
 Camt/:e. 
 
 " i)uebet, which is a perfect type of an 
 ancient medieval town, is buiit upon a 
 
 rocky promontory, formed by the junc 
 tion of the St. Charles and St'. Lawrence 
 Rivers. The hi-hest point is on the 
 southerly side, facing the .St. Lawrence; 
 this . ide is also the most precipitous and was 
 originally about 300 feetaluve the water. 
 It slojies gradually toward the north till 
 the elevation is perhaps not more than 
 100 feet above the lower town. The 
 general form of the upper town resembles 
 a triangle, with each side about half a 
 mile in extent, the base resting on the 
 land side. Around the edge of this rock 
 the wall of the city is built, which- is 
 
JT 
 
 Hi 
 
 ii 
 
 60 
 
 P.^ USCH'S JO UR NAL. 
 
 we met one transport with provisions ; and 
 afterwards, two frigates in succession, called re- 
 spectively the ** Juno" and the " Carp," 
 
 alnmt twenty-fur (cct thick .ind twrnty- 
 five fcrt high, tliciigh in m.iny pities, 
 owini; to thf irrpgiil.uity <)l the founil.i- 
 tion, it varii'8 i-oniidcrably fVum these 
 propfitions. The w.ills, iiiiving been 
 hiii't tor ilifonse, were Odnitiimccl of 
 couiM* upon si.i'iitilii', military principles, 
 lienee liic ranip.uts are wanting in that 
 arcliircctural heauty one woiiKI see ii\ a 
 castle, for they are so placed that when 
 guns are mounted upon* them tluy may 
 command the most advantageous positions, 
 so that the fortilication contains numerous 
 angles, equal to almost any number of 
 degrees. 
 
 At the time of I'ausch's visit thrie 
 were three gates through the town lead- 
 ing to the '* Lower town " eastward and 
 northward, and three leading westward 
 out into the open country. The three 
 former, since tiie garrison was withdrawn 
 a few years since, have been razed, leaving 
 
 nothing to obntruct a passage from the 
 Lower town ; the three latter still remain 
 arched gateways, much the same, doubt- 
 less, in poiiit of strength as when they 
 were first constructed, hut in point o. 
 beauty recently very much improved. 
 They are named St. [oim, St. Louis and 
 Kent gates respectively, the latter in 
 honor of the Ouke of Kent, the father 
 of yui'eii Victoria. Through St. Louisgate 
 the "i^n,;'/,/ iillte" which is French for 
 Hroadw.iy, the broadest street in the city, 
 leadn out into the country direct to the 
 historic pl.iins of Abraham, which are 
 about a mile distant. Nothing remains 
 upon this plain to-day to tell the visitor 
 of the scenes that were once enacted 
 here, except a plain, round granite shaft, 
 surnuuintcd by a hehtKct, on the b.»se of 
 which is the following inscription. " Here 
 died Wolle victorious, September 13, 
 •7 59 " 
 
 QUKBEC, IN 1776. 
 
 From a contemporary Print. 
 
 -t '^\ -^ 
 
'm i 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 6i 
 
 At Quebec, we were ordered at once to Mon- 
 treal' as the wind was favorable. We therefore 
 were obliged once more to hoist anchor; and, as 
 the wind was auspicious, sailed a little distance 
 up the River and again anchored. 
 
 27th. During the night preceding the 27th, 
 about a quarter to seven, we again got 
 under way. Near Point Ncuf wemet a Frigate, 
 and from her we again received an order to sail. 
 Accordingly, we continued on, but cast anchor 
 the same night, at half past seven, near St. 
 Pierre. 
 
 28th. Early in the morning, at four o'clock, 
 we set sail, and reached Champlain. Here lay 
 
 • Gen. Riedescl thus writes of Montreal 
 at this time. 
 
 " This city is somewhat handsomer 
 than yuebcc, and may rontain, perhaps, 
 sixteen hundred houses. Its wall is 
 nothing more than an apology for a wall 
 with loop-holes for cannon ami fire aims; 
 and what is called tlie citadel is only a 
 log house in poor condition. These 
 works were tirst hegun in 1 736. The 
 whole island, including the city, belongs 
 to tl>e Seminary. This has cIcvimi or- 
 dained piii'sts beside a (i-w other priests 
 who are di-lrihuied among the nine 
 parishes whii h are on tln' i.-;laiid These 
 were the tiist piiests that got to<jihold in 
 this part of Canada 'I'hey i.iine fio;n 
 tlie Seminary of St Suljice at Paris, and 
 are to this day dependent upon it, having 
 induced tiie king of Trance to grant them 
 in 1646 this island. Tlicy have founded 
 a very respectable college for the youth 
 who were formerly taught by the Jesuits. 
 Near this seminary is the best garden in 
 all Canada. Most £uropean plants are 
 
 found here. Tlie revenues of the semi- 
 nary amount yearly to twenty thousand 
 thalers. The few Jesuits who arc in 
 Montreal, and, indeed, throughout 
 Canada, still own their posiessions. 'I'he 
 entire parish of I,a Prairie in this city, 
 for instance, belongs to them. 
 
 " The Hospital or Hotel Dieu, in 
 which are some members of the order of 
 St. Augustine, is in a splendid condition. 
 There is, als'), .1 hospital for the army. 
 There is, likewise, in the city a convent — 
 La (>iinmunaute de Secours de la Con- 
 gregation de Notre Dame — a general 
 Hospital of the Sister; of Charity, and a 
 Cloister of RecoUel . (ti the four 
 churches, that of the Jesuits has ceased 
 to exist ' 
 
 Montreal was also the market place 
 for the important fur trade with the 
 Indians ; whence tlie traders visited the 
 Indian hunters in the interior, in order 
 to exchange clothing, ammunition, orna- 
 ments, liquors, etc., for peltry. 
 
 i i > 
 
 Ml 
 
■ ' f 
 
 62 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 I 
 
 Si 
 
 at anchor the Frigate ** La Blande ; " and we 
 were at once ordered to start for Three Rivers.' 
 It was then a quarter past seven ; and by a 
 quarter of ten we lay there | Three Rivers | at 
 anchor. The evening previous and also this 
 morning, our ship p.issed over two sunken rocks 
 and narrowly cscapcvl being damaged. 
 
 The wheelman, the Captain, and, indeed, all 
 of us, were greatly scared by this occurrence; 
 for it was but a short time before this that 
 we passed a small vessel which, two months 
 since, had met with a similiar accident, in con- 
 sequence of which she had been dismantled, and, 
 as we passed, was lying on her side. A few hours 
 after, we received another order to sail at once 
 southward, with our transport, to Sorel at the 
 mouth of the River Richelieu, across the Lake 
 St. Pierre, The pilot and the Captain refused 
 to obey tliis order on the ground that there was 
 great danger on account of the lowness of the 
 water, our ship drawing 14 feet ; while, in some 
 places, there was scarcely 10 to 11 feet of water. 
 
 But notwithstanding our remonstrances, the 
 order was reiterated with the remark, " No 
 matter how great the danger." This order was 
 delivered by a little young gentleman of the 
 
 ' Tliiff Rivers, wliiih was the lieiid- with 1200 inh.ibitants. The chitf' huild- 
 
 qunrters of the German troops duriiit; ings were a convent ot the Augustine 
 
 their winter cantonment, was the smallest friars ami an English barracks, capable of 
 
 of the thiee principal Canadian towns, holding 500 men. 
 and counted at this time about 250 houses 
 
 •y 
 
PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 63 
 
 Mary. Now, after conducting the company 
 thus far in safety, to imperii all merely for the 
 sake of sailing 15 leagues farther in the same 
 ship was absurd. Therefore, rather than run the 
 risk of drowning, 1 positively refused to go 
 further, stating that my most gracious Prince 
 had lent the artillery company for the service of 
 his Royal Majesty, hut not tor drowning pur- 
 poses in the St. Lawrence River. As the dis- 
 tance to Montreal was hut thirty leagues I took 
 an extra post and a courier ; and in the company 
 of Lieut. Dufais (whom I was obliged to take 
 with me on account of his knowledge of French) 
 I started from Three Rivers a little after 3 P. M. 
 
 After traveling all night, I arrived at Mon- 
 treal at half past tenon the morning of the 29th. 
 I did not, however, meet his P^xcellency Gov- 
 ernor (Lt. von) Carleton' for that General had 
 made his headquarters at Chambly which is 
 about 9 English miles from Lake Champlain. 
 Here was the army which was divided into 
 Regiments, and again into commands, and was 
 •encamped and partly billeted at this place. We 
 crossed the river in small boats (canoes); thence 
 to Chambly where I succeeded in finding his 
 
 'Of this General, one of the best offi- 
 cer?, as regards kindness, justice and 
 ability, the British Government ever had, 
 Riedrsel, in a letter to his wife, gives a 
 peculiar picture. " In order," he writc's 
 to get an idea of his personal appearance, 
 imagine the Abbot Jerusalem. The 
 
 figure, face, walk and sound of his voice 
 arejust like the Abbot's and had he the 
 black suit and wig, one could not iliscern 
 the least ditference." For an elaborate 
 sketch of Carleton, See Ji'uilJcn's yournal^ 
 (a v.ork much quoted and deservedly) and 
 Sir John "Johmoni Orderly Book. 
 
 \i 
 
 i sji i 
 
 i* 
 
 m\ 
 
 ii 
 
 i 1 
 
 ■^ 
 
 1 
 
 I2 
 
 » ■ 
 
 Kl 
 
 1 1 
 
 H 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 
 J; 
 
 1 
 
I: 
 
 64 
 
 PJUSCITS JOURNAL. 
 
 
 Excellency. Thence I went to La Prairie to call 
 upon Col. von Gall,' three leagues from Cham- 
 bly. Major General von Riedesel with his 
 Regiment of Infantry and a Battalion of Grena- 
 diers, were also stationed there. These troops, 
 however, were posted far apart and scattered.* 
 
 30th. It was 12 o'clock when I arrived there; 
 and early in the morning I reported to Col. von 
 Gall who conducted me to Gen. von Riedesel. 
 With these gentleman I spent the entire day. 
 
 31st. At 6 in the morning, I started for the 
 River St. Lawrence; crossed it to Montreal; 
 then back again to Three Rivers (traveling all 
 night) where I arrived at half past eight o'clock 
 on the morning of the ist of September. 
 
 September ist. While at Chambly, I received 
 orders to await, with my men, the arrival of our 
 cannon, and also the whole of their accoutre- 
 ments, which were in the other ships with the 
 fleet. For this purpose, we were to remain at 
 Three Rivers ; but upon arriving there, I found 
 awaiting me an order to hasten to Chambly in* 
 small boats — a great number of which had 
 already been made of pine. Leaving behind a 
 detachment, consisting of Lieut. Dufais, 2 Bom- 
 badiers, i drummer, 10 artillery-men, i wagon- 
 
 'The commander of the Hesse-Hanau "Regarding the extent of territory oc- 
 Regiment. cupied by the German and English troops, 
 
 see note in advance under November. 
 
 ! 
 
PyibSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 6s 
 
 maker, 5 mechanics, and 6 horsemen for artillery, 
 and also i foreman for the latter, I arrived at 
 Chambly. But I secured the above mentioned 
 boats eleven hours too late according to my 
 orders. 
 
 2d. It was then one o'clock in the afternoon. 
 I began the embarcation immediately, and, with 
 all possible speed, sailed up the river." For 
 pilots we had on each boat a Canadian. There 
 were eight boats. My men had to do the row- 
 ing. It made no difference whether they under- 
 stood rowing or not. At first, they made bad 
 work with it ; but after a while they rowed 
 nicely. My orders were to stay at Berthier the 
 first night, and above Sorel, the second ; but this 
 was entirely impossible. I was obliged to sail 
 all night ; and by the time the moon rose, I was 
 on the Lake, St. Peter ; and had ** knocked " 
 around in the boats for two hours between 
 Mastriche and the River de Loup. At 12 P. M. 
 we started once more ; and keeping on nearly 
 all day we arrived there at half past two. 
 
 3d. Here were encamped also, that portion of 
 the 34th English Regiment which was not de- 
 tached. 
 
 ' This river had various names. It and St. John's river. 
 was called the Sorel, Chambly, Richelieu 
 
 ( 
 
 11 
 
' 
 
 ! « 
 
 l< 
 
 11 
 
 V f 
 
 66 
 
 PJVSCH\S JOURNAL 
 
 The Cominiiiulcr of tliis Regiment, Col. St. 
 Lcsj;cr', entertaincil niysclt iiml inv two ollicers 
 •all liav. 11 is www nuulc room ior mv men in ii 
 barn, where thev all spent (he night — a fact 
 worth knowing by all the English ami (Termans 
 in C^inada, Myself, ollicers antl men were 
 trcateil with much respect and hienilliness by 
 the above mentioncil Reiiiment.' 
 
 4lh. \'ery early in the n^orning I gave the 
 order to start, and arrived at j in the evening, or 
 about dusk, at St. Antoinc. Here my men got 
 a barn tor the night ; the olHcers and myselt 
 going to the adjoining dwelling-lu>us(.\ We 
 were received by the people here in a polite and 
 
 triendly manner. lu'erv thino wo matter 
 
 what - had to be well paid ior, and in casli, 
 that the people of this province might be kept 
 in good humor. For this reason, up to the 5th, 
 1 laid ii-* on board our batteaux a i»;ood sttK'k of 
 cold meats and other ship priwisions — so that 
 the (Tcrmans, at least, might not want 
 
 ijih. \n hour before daybreak, I started again, 
 and arrived at 3 V. M., at the Knglisii camp at 
 Chambly. All the artillery of the army in 
 Canada is under the command o( Maj. CJen. 
 Phillips ; consequently, I, too, together with my 
 
 ' For a sketch i.ii St. l.t'gei, stiii tlie ' l.oi\i (jroigr Gnniain, in .1 lettoi' to 
 
 chief pcisi iU(.es mentioned in the 'J^uf- Catlcton, iLitCvi at Whldh.il!, 26 Maich, 
 »;<;.', see " Sit John Johnson's (trJeily I -7-, liirects that 342 li.inau-Ch.isseiirs 
 Book." he put under St. l.egcr tor hi^i expedition 
 
 ag.iinst Fort St.inwix. 
 
 
i 
 
 pjtfscfrs joviiN/ii. 
 
 cotiip;iny, 
 
 l>cl( 
 
 ()\\\\ ncrc in 
 
 tl 
 
 ic 
 
 amc raiTin 
 
 r,7 
 Ac- 
 
 (■oi'iliM;;ly, I sent torwaid the cannonicr, ICri^cl- 
 liard, with fhc letter I had with me, to our 
 former colonel (now Mri|;;a(Ji(M- (/etieral) who, 
 
 ith 
 
 with my eannonier, was to provide ns wi 
 (juartcrs in the cam[) already laid ont. 
 
 As we liail arrived here without suitahle con- 
 
 veniences tor encamping- — everything ot this 
 nature being still on board the ship — Col, von 
 (tall lent us thirty tents for the privates and ub- 
 
 ilterns. 
 
 I 
 
 also received 
 
 rom 
 
 M 
 
 aior 
 
 W 
 
 liliams 
 
 (commanding in the absence ol (ien, l^hilli|)s) 
 two new and very serviceable tents, together 
 witli ;dl their paraphanalia, lor the use of tfie 
 odiccrs ; also, fourteen new field kettles of" white 
 
 tin. 
 
 Ii 
 
 1^ 
 
 n lad, respect and friendsjin) are shown to 
 
 Ish 
 
 'P 
 
 us all down even to the humblest man — a circum- 
 stance which I never imagined would be the 
 case. With the exception of not understanding 
 the language, j we get on nicely | ; but by reason 
 o\ this circumstance, we aie amf>ni^ this peoijlc 
 
 lil 
 
 <e a 
 
 Peli 
 
 tl 
 
 lean 111 the wilderness 
 
 Id. 
 
 peop 
 
 6ih. I was unable, until today, to see Colonel 
 and Brigadier (ieneral von (iail, as, before my 
 arrival yesterday, he marched, with his Regi- 
 meiu, frt)m l^a I'rairie toward St. Johns, at 
 wdiicb place he is to encamp. It is said that the 
 Rebels show a disposition to move towards that 
 
 ( 
 
 It 
 
 f • 
 
 1's.ilin I02 : 7. 
 
!/' 
 
 i| 
 
 t 
 
 1^ 
 
 i ■'■ 
 
 68 
 
 P.WSCH'S JOURMAL. 
 
 Post. Almost the entire head-quarters of the 
 army were here yesterday and again today ; and 
 since yesterday, the Regiments in this vicinity 
 have moved up the river near Chamhlv and are 
 concentrating. I have just this moment received 
 orders to do guard duty alternately with the 
 English artillery. 
 
 7th. My otficers and myself today were in- 
 vited to dine with Lieut. Cjen. Carleton, 
 
 8th. This afternoon, I received orders to send 
 forward two detachments — each with an offi- 
 cer — one to serve four 6 pounders at St. Johns 
 with our Brunswick Grenadier Battalion — the 
 other to serve four 6 pounders with the Regi- 
 ment \ov\ Riedesel. One marched at 7 o'clock, 
 the other at 9 o'clock, to their destination. 
 Lieutenant Bach goes to the Grenadier Battalion, 
 and Spangenburg to Gen. Riedesel at La Prairie. 
 I, alone, with one third oi the (Company, remain 
 in camp near Chambly. 
 
 Detail. 
 
 The Hesse- Hanau Artillery Company are 
 divided among the army in the following man- 
 ner : 
 
 ■mm 
 
PAUSCH'S yOURNJL. 
 
 69 
 
 •S 
 
 a-i 
 
 a 
 w -I 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 M 
 
 1. 
 (D 
 
 a 01 fn 
 •^ -=. -C 
 
 -^ C eg '» '-' 
 
 
 U .M (N m c> T_Q_CJ •?► .'f rr 
 
 C ry) >-- 
 
 o u <u _^ 
 ^ X h 
 
 n, camp 
 at Chamhly 
 Three Rivers 
 La Prairie 
 St. J.>hns 
 Total 
 
 We are all well except a Cannonier who is 
 sick with the scurvy at Three Rivers. His 
 name is Pulffer ; and he is now in a fair way of 
 recovery. '' 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 8th. The Regiments are gradually drawinij 
 nearer together; and some of them are advancing 
 closer to bt. Johns. Those of the boats which 
 are completed and were on the river have mostly 
 been transported toward Lake Champlain, which 
 Lake IS still HI possession of both parties We 
 have two frigates on the Lake; and from ^11 ap- 
 pearances, there will be a demonstration against 
 1 without waiting for the arrival of the two 
 thousand J3runswick troops, which left at the 
 
 ' Or literally, '. Artillery Servants." . ,. ,. Por it, possession. 
 
 ,(• 
 
 fir 
 
7^11 
 
 i; 
 
 .., 
 
 li 
 
 ' 
 
 yo 
 
 r.nfscirs jovRS.n. 
 
 s.inio time ;\s I iliil, .mil ,\vc dcstiiKnl to ;u f with 
 U8. The Rebels .uc said to he slroni;ly eii- 
 trciieheil on tlie othei- side |end| ol (he I,;ikc 
 amoiii; the mviuiitains, and Irom Ooo to looo 
 Sava<jes are said to lorm tlu* attaekiin' loree oK 
 the right witii;. Wo are all (M1 loot ; and I am 
 sonv to^av that I, also, am in llu> same lix. VVc 
 cannot >;et a two wheeled ealash' —for whieh, 
 too, we have to pay <>ne shillini; an honr \vili\- 
 out trouble .\\\\\ askini; permission ol" one or 
 another general. VW' even have to jtay out ol" 
 onr own poeket. the ahvu'e price per hour lor 
 the small carts ol the peasants \m \v hich to trans- 
 port (he i.\>mpanv's baggage, clothing and other 
 necessary articles. This expense 1 hope his 
 Majesty, the King, will most graciously consent 
 to make up to our C\impany ; tor w c cannot, as 
 
 ' "Tin- e.»l.isli,"s.>5s WeW, wiiiing of" 
 liis ti.wcis in e.ii».>d,> in 1795, " is ,1 
 carriage very j^ener.illy used in Lower 
 l^AnjtvU ; ihou- is scarcely a ("inn\iM' in- 
 ocpii in the country who diH*s not possc>s 
 one : it is ^ sort ol" one lioi-se sh.iy, 
 cipahlo ot'holiiini; iw ■ people he.vi.les the 
 .iriver, who sit» on .1 kin>l ot box pl.Kc.l 
 on the toot-boitJ rxr'vssly for hisaccont- 
 nuHiation. The bovly ot" the oLish is 
 hung upon bi\>.ii1 straps ot" leather, ioui\\i 
 iu-i\ rollers that aic place»i beliiiui, by 
 means ot" which thev arc shoitenevi i>r 
 Ici^gthened. On each si>ie ot' the car- 
 riajic is a liltlt' Joor about two teet hi^h, 
 whciebv voii enter it, iwA which is 
 uietul when shut in preventing anuhin^ 
 from slipping out. Fhe harness tor the 
 horse is always made in the old Kreiieh 
 t.i-te, extvemelv htavv : it is studded 
 
 wiili brass nail , ai\d to p.iiliiulai parts 
 ot ii are alta> hrd small bells, ol nn use 
 that I nHild ci.r discern luil to .miioy 
 the passeii.;eu'. 
 
 Mis. Riedesel, also, spe.iluiij; ot ri.im^ 
 in .1 calash, gives hei anuisinj; expeiicnce 
 with the diiver ot one ot' them " 'riie 
 t.'.in.>di,ins ai,' . eilaslingly t.ilking to 
 tlirir iu'ises, aiui giving them all Kinds 
 of' nanus. i li.i , when lliey were nut 
 either lashing liieir hordes or singing, 
 tiu'Y cried, '.■.'■. -.-i r: I! I'';:,. ! /', ,v; 
 m.t; iufiitiii ! viftcner howiver, (hey 
 said, * Fi, ./•.., .1.' ...;,",■. " I tiioUj;li't 
 tliai this last v\a,- ..■.signed lor nie, an<l 
 .i.-kcd ' l\,iltii ; ' ' Dh," replied the 
 J'ivei, ' ,c n'rst ywc mnii ,hfi\il, la pttne 
 ,...-/ " • It is only the little jade, my 
 
 ilvMSC. 
 
 *r*-.. 
 
I'Aiiscirs youKN.ii. 
 
 7 
 
 ycM, toll wlicdu'i our mciU)s, iii< liidiii;'; llii- money 
 
 lo|- our rations, will, oi will not Ix: stiHiciciil 
 
 llii 
 
 I- 
 
 or 
 
 consK 
 
 tl 
 Icriiti 
 
 K-sc several reasons 
 
 I 
 
 canno 
 
 t tak 
 
 e 111(0 
 
 (li 
 
 (I 
 
 ion Ihosf' tlim^';s wtin 11 
 
 )() 
 
 and arc 
 
 csscnlial to, |)ositi()ij; nor, (ai! I lorni an idea, 
 until it(){.\ leads me there on fool, 
 
 w'lei'c we 
 
 shall all meet to;'^ether lor action. 'I'hi: state ol 
 
 illiiirs will cerliiinly m.dci; (am|);!i|^n' 
 
 h 
 
 .u( i) a! 
 
 no man, since the existence ol 
 
 II 
 
 essian troops 
 
 has ever witnessed in this world ! Accordinj^ to 
 an old history hy a certain Italian Kin;^ and 
 Cam|)aii;ner, the llcssian lioops had, ^^Mierally, 
 one ass for llic ha',';^age of two officers; hut 
 
 I 
 
 am ve 
 
 ■y 
 
 inucli a!rai( 
 
 nil the I'JiL'lish 
 
 prophesy the same thing th.it in a short time, 
 icer will have to gird a saddle on his own 
 
 eac 
 
 h ofli 
 
 aciv anil cany ins own Daggage : 
 
 9th. This atternoon, Maj. (»en. IMiillips, chief 
 i the entire Koyrd Arlilleiy in America, arrived 
 at ChaiDhly from St. Johns. 'I his was the first 
 oj>portunity I had had o\ seeing and calling upon 
 
 o 
 
 iim : on w 
 
 1 id 
 
 1 occasion ne assured mc o 
 
 d h 
 
 is 
 
 hearty gooc' will and Iriendly feeling for my 
 
 e remained m (ami) in 
 
 er 
 
 Company. We 
 quarters with 1 
 Hence we were never with the Regiment except 
 
 lis men and unc 
 
 V 
 der 1 
 
 Wint 
 1( 
 
 lis orders 
 
 { 
 
 i i; 
 
 in 
 
 ' I'austli, who SL'ifii:, t 1 luvc been nut Thf lohlicrR used to pun on it ccniider- 
 
 witliout humor, ni.iy, also, have bad in ably. This f.ict was told mc by an old 
 
 hill 'uiiui the last two syllables of Gen. offi-.er in Germany who knew so-ne of 
 
 Ricdfjt7'i naiiit — " ad " an " asB." — the otticcra who served under RicdCiCl. 
 
 M^ ^ 
 

 11 
 
 72 
 
 PAUSCtrS JO URNAL. 
 
 when it was necessary. I ordered Lieut. Dufais 
 to come at once, with the greater part of his 
 command, from Three Rivers to our Camp, 
 leaving behind a small detachment to await the 
 arrival of the vessel containing our artillery. 
 This detachment was then to follow. 
 
 Accordingly, I ordered the Lieutenant to 
 leave the Artillery-man Encke in charge of the 
 detachment which remained behind, on account 
 of his knowledge of the French language ; also, 
 only two cannoniers with six artillery servants. 
 
 This afternoon, at 5 o'clock, I practised with 
 the English Cannoniers firing with English can- 
 non, and in the English fashion. It went off 
 very well ; and our firing was greatly admired 
 by ihe English officers, for, with the exception of 
 practising yesterday afternoon and this morning, 
 this was the only time we had yet done so. 
 Taking all these circumstances into account, I 
 am led to prophesy good things and hope and 
 imagine that, so far as I and my Company are 
 concerned, we will give a good account of our- 
 selves when the time comes. Yet I do wish most 
 sincerely that I had my own cannons, and par- 
 ticularly my igniters' and wipers. 
 
 22d. From this time up to the 22d, I re- 
 mained here in camp. We were supplied the 
 
 « ^uiclc match-tubei. 
 
PJUSCfrs JOVRNAL. 
 
 73 
 
 same in every respect as the Artillery of the 
 King, having fresh meat and very good bread. 
 
 Each day we continued our practising with 
 iinglish cannon and in the English fashion; and 
 my men being ambitious soon learned the Eng- 
 lish way of firing. ° 
 
 The following order was received by me on 
 the last mentioned day, viz : the 22d. It is from 
 Maj Gen. Philips, and it is dated, Sept. 22d 
 1776, ^ ' 
 
 Order. 
 
 "Captain Pausch will encamp with the rest of 
 his Company at the Post beyond the Brunswick 
 urenadiers near St. Johns. 
 
 "Bloomfield' 
 ''Major the Artillery Brigade." 
 
 25th. This order was executed by me at once 
 on the following day when I met [at my new 
 postj Lieuts. Spangenberg and Bach, with four 
 and six pound cannon. Thesel took with me 
 mto camp and practised with my company 
 
 Maj. of brigade to Qzr-.. Phillips. He 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 iii U 
 
 nil 
 
 1 I « ? 
 
 i-i';. 
 
I 
 
 1 
 
 ft ! 
 
 il 
 
 r !■ 
 
 74- 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 28th. I received the following order from 
 Maj. Gen. Phillips, through the Brigadier 
 General. 
 
 Order. 
 
 "St. Johns, 28M Sept., 1776. 
 
 "Capt. Michelson' will embark the Companies 
 of Maj. Williams and of Capt. Carter, in the 
 Radeau with the 29tb Regiment in addition, ex- 
 cept the followin^i; numbers, viz : 
 
 Subalterns Privates 
 Of the Co. of Maj. Williams, - 4 25 
 
 Capt. Carter - - - 4 25 
 
 Those in addition - - - ^q 
 
 Total 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 **There must also embark on the Radeau, the 
 Company of the Hessian Artillery except a de- 
 tachment of one Subaltern and thirty men who 
 will remain. The men must have their boots 
 nicely arranged ; and afterwards they will imme- 
 diately put their cannon in position and exercise 
 daily in the mornings and afternoons. They 
 will, also, pay the greatest attention, so as to ac- 
 quire the cannon exercise as soon as possible and 
 in the most perfect manner. The British and 
 
 'Mitchelson. This officer did not 1777. For slietches of Mitchelson, Wil- 
 live to see the result ot Burgoyne's cam- liams and Carter, See Roger's notes to 
 paign, as he died early the next year, Hadden. 
 
 % ,--^. 
 
'il 
 
 PyiUSCH'S JOVRNAL. 
 
 75 
 
 Hessian artillery with the additionals" will he di- 
 vided ^mong the cannons and howitzers except the 
 two 12 pounders which will he placed one on the 
 prow and the other on the stern. These latter 
 will he served by the Hessians, and will be 
 under the charge of Capt. Pausch, and his two 
 suoalterns ; ten privates to each cannon. 
 
 "The officers For the Radeaii^ will be the fol- 
 lowing, viz : Maj. Williams and adjutant, Capt 
 Carter, Captains Michelson [Mitchelsonl and 
 Hermann Lieutenants Houghton' and Cass 
 \yith the three newly appointed Lieutenants, and 
 the subalterns of the 29th. 
 
 "Also Capt. Pausch and two of his subalterns 
 whom he may designate for that purpose. 
 
 "There will also be embarked one detachment 
 from the 29th Regiment who are to act as 
 Marines. The officers shou.d know that in the 
 present condition of affairs they should not en- 
 cumber themselves with much baggage or many 
 traps. Ihe service will be severe; but the 
 
 ■ The 29th Regiment. 
 
 = '|Tlie Radfiiu (nanica 'The Thun- 
 derer') was an unii]uc structure whicli is 
 olten n-.entioned in the naval annals of 
 the northern lakes. It was square built 
 and scarcely more than a rait w floating 
 battery, but constructed with great solidity 
 and strength. It was protected only bv 
 low and slight bulwarks, but armed witl'i 
 the heaviest ordnance j and was a power- 
 
 ful .'.nd effective craft." It carried 
 
 men. 
 
 300 
 
 ' William Houghton was at this time 
 fire-master, having been appointed to 
 that position the previous July. The 
 duties of this oliice, says Gen. Rogers, 
 was to attend to f/u' making uf. .>/ all kinds 
 ot nnimunition ; whether for practice or 
 service; and if there was a laboratory he 
 
 had 
 
 for all tools and materials used th 
 
 »arge of it, and was accounial 
 
 I 
 
 ;^ '^ 
 
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 -11 i 
 
 ■'i i 
 
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 76 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL, 
 
 Major General has the greatest confidence that 
 the Corps will maintain their honor, and at the 
 same time, the dignity of their respective com- 
 mands ; and that they will act with the greatest 
 zeal and courage while in the service of His 
 Majesty. 
 
 " Bloomfield, 
 
 '' Major of Brigaded 
 
 " Major General Phillips will issue the order 
 designating the time of the embarcation : mean- 
 while, Capt. Pausch will have the goodness to 
 give out provisions for two days, at the same time, 
 stating what the men shall take with them when 
 they embark. 
 
 "Bloomfield'* 
 
 I carried out the above order the same day, 
 and, embarking in small batteaux, reached the 
 Radeau the same evenmg. I found it already 
 crowded with men, so that there was room 
 for no more. All the Englishmen, on account of 
 this overcrowding were unpleasant companions. 
 There was no room even for our baggage. Ac- 
 cordingly. I sent it all back, the same evening, 
 to Montreal in a wagon accompanied by the head 
 hostler. I, also, in fact, sent all the hostlers with 
 the cannonier, Bauer, back to Montreal, with in- 
 structions to remain there until further orders. 
 As it rained very hard, I was obliged (in order 
 
 '!|S-«\ 
 
ih ' 
 
 PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 
 
 V A 
 
 77 
 
 that some of my men might have rest and be 
 dry) to station on deck a strong guard which 
 was relieved alternately. 
 
 ^f^' ^}^^ following day, an arrangement was 
 rnade by the Captain in command, whereby all 
 those on duty were relieved in regular order To 
 facihtate this arrangement, I always not only 
 furnished an officer, but often took his place at 
 night, in order that he might enjoy a night's 
 
 There being no wind at this time, the Radeau 
 had to be drawn ahead by the men in this way viz- 
 a heavy anchor was sent far in advance in boats 
 and lowered into the Lake. A strong rope was 
 then put through rings and pullies ; and thus, the 
 Kadeau was moved ahead. This worked splen- 
 didly, especially if the wind was not unfavorable. 
 The Radeau, at the same time, formed the 
 headquarters of the ammunition and provisions. 
 
 October ist. I only remained here till the ist 
 of October, when ' I received the following 
 Order from Bloomiield . 
 
 Order 
 
 '*Sf. Johns, Oct. 1st. 
 "The Radeau not having sufficient room to 
 contain all the people that are on her, the men 
 
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 78 
 
 PJUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 will disembark on the Isle aux Noix\ and re- 
 remain there until receiving a new order. 
 
 "Capt. Michelson [Mitchelson] will likewise 
 encamp with his detachmeut upon the Isle aux 
 Noix (during the time that the Radeau remains 
 there) placing on board one officer. To the 
 Artillery will be assigned eight batteaux which 
 will accompany the Radeau for the purpose of 
 carrying their baggage. These batteaux will 
 each have a guard of two men of the 29th Regi- 
 ment, and one Canadian as a pilot. The De- 
 tachment of the 29th Regiment, acting as 
 Marines, will likewise have four batteaux for 
 their baggage. 
 
 " Bloomfield." 
 
 "The Major General has appointed Mr. Harow 
 Superintendent of the Sailors in the armed bat- 
 teaux ; and they will be under his command, 
 and obey his orders. 
 
 "Two batteaux, with the two cannon and their 
 ammunition for the Hessian artillery, will be 
 under the orders of Capt. Pausch. 
 
 "Br 
 
 ' A small island in the River Sorel, the River St. Lawrence. The early ex- 
 nine miles from St, Johns. It is well plorers Found on the Island an abundance 
 fortified and commands the intercourse of walnuts, hence the name, 
 by water between Lake Champlain and 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 79 
 
 7th. 8th. But they did not arrive on the 7th, 
 but on the afternoon of the 8th. We were all in 
 readiness to embark; and, in the course of an 
 hour, Lieut. Dufais and myself started with two 
 baggage-boats. Before starting I provided my 
 detachment with fourteen day's provisions, con- 
 sisting of Zweibach\ salt meat, etc. I was, how- 
 ever, obliged to leave behind, Lieut. Bach, 3 sub- 
 alterns, I drummer, and 22 privates, for nearly 
 all of them were sick with the dysentery. 
 Lieut. Bach, whose conduct and zeal in the 
 service were of the right metal, requested per- 
 mission to accompany us ; but I could not grant 
 his request, for he was really very ill with that 
 complaint, which fact he sought to hide from 
 me. There was on this Island before we ar- 
 rived, an English artillery Captain, named Jones, 
 who pretended that the command of the artillery 
 had been given to him. Unfortunately, however, 
 for his pretensions, at the time he said he bad re- 
 ceived the command, he was crossing the Equa- 
 tor on his way to the East Indies.^ Lieut : 
 Spangenburg remained behind at this place with 
 a detachment and baggage-boat, to wait for the 
 arrival from St. Johns of an armed batteau which 
 was expected. For this reason he was left be- 
 
 'Burricd or toasted I iscuit ; a very 
 favorite article uf food witii the Germans 
 even at the present day. 
 
 * Pausch, who evidently tries in general 
 to be just, allows his prejudices to prevail 
 
 in speaking uf this officer, who was one 
 of the must mcritoricius in the British 
 service. Rogers, in his HaJJcii's yuuriial 
 thus speaits of him. 
 
 " Thomas Jones entered the Royal 
 Military Academy at Woolwich as a 
 
 I 
 
 } 4 
 
 1 
 
 i I 
 
^••■'ftv] 
 
 80 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 i i: 
 I i', 
 I '1 
 
 I I 
 
 ■ 
 
 hind. I left with him the order, as soon as 
 the batteau arrived, to sail at once without delay, 
 be it day time or night time, and at any time 
 he pleased : also, if there were no wind, then 
 to row. This order he carried out with the 
 greatest accuracy. 
 
 On the 7th the following note was written me 
 from St. John's. 
 
 " A batteau with one piece of cannon to- 
 gether with its munitions and equipage, for the 
 Hessian Artillery, under the order of Captain 
 Pausch, [will be sent forward] " 
 
 gentleman cadet, March 18, 1755, and 
 was commissioned a lieut.-fireworker in 
 the Royal Artillery Dec. ay, 1755 ; a ad 
 lieut. April 2, 1757; a 1st lieut. Jan. 
 *» '759 > * capt. -lieutenant Oct. 23, 
 1761 ; and a capt. Jan. i, 1771. He 
 served in the ist Battalion until he got 
 a company, when he was transferred to 
 the 4th Battalion. He took part in the 
 siege of Belleisle on the coast of France 
 in 1761, and proceeded with his battalion 
 to America in 177J. He was stationed 
 n Canada in 1775, so that he was in 
 America long prior to the arrival of the 
 artillery detachment that was sent out in 
 the spring of 1776. The artillery present 
 at Quebec at the time of Montgomery's 
 attack, and during the subsequent siege of 
 the town by Arnold, belonged to No. 3 
 Company, 4.th Battalion, but they were 
 very few in number. They were under 
 . the command of Capt. Jones, whose ser- 
 vices on the occasion received the high- 
 est praise. In the operations to expel 
 the Americans from Canada in 1776, 
 Capt. Jones took an active part and was at- 
 tached to the right wing of the army. In 
 the autumn of that year he returned to 
 
 England, and on the 31st of the follow- 
 ing January was married to a Miss Ibbet- 
 son, of Greenwich, at St. James Church, 
 Piccadilly, London. He returned to 
 Canada in the spring of 1777, arriving at 
 Quebec early in June with a company of 
 artillery, and that year participated in 
 Burgoyne's campaign on which he was 
 attached to Gen. Hamilton's Brigade in 
 the right wing of the army. Lieut. 
 Hadden was attached to his company and 
 has given us post an interesting account 
 of the almost complete annihilation of 
 Capt. Jones' company, and of the cap- 
 tain's death at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 1 9. 
 Stedman in his 'History of the American 
 War,' in speaking of the artillery in "that 
 engagement, says, — 'The intrepidity of 
 Capt. Jones of the British artillery, who 
 fell in this action, was particularly dis- 
 tinguished.' Lieut.-Col Kingston, Bur- 
 goyne's adjutant-general, in testifying 
 before a committee of the House of 
 Commons, speaks of Capt, Jonei as " a 
 very gallant man,' and Gens. Burgoyne 
 and Phillips, in their reports, give iiim 
 conspicuous mention." 
 

 PyfUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 8i 
 
 But this note, with the expected batteau, did 
 not arrive at the Isle aux Noix until as late as the 
 loth. Under it, Capt. Jones, commander of the 
 artillery, had written as follows : 
 
 " Mr. Spangenburg, Lieutenant, will set off 
 for the army with this batteau with as much ex- 
 pedition as possible. 
 
 " Given at the Isle aux Noix, loth Oct. 1776, at 
 9 o' clock in the morning. 
 
 " Thos. Jones, Capt Br. Arr 
 
 A few days later, Lieut. Spangenburg arrived 
 at Crown-Point, bringing with him two of my 
 missing batteaux containing equipage and provi- 
 sions, and also ten Hauau soldiers. The third 
 one, commanded by Bombadier Wachter, was 
 still missing. 
 
 The Radeau, under a favorable wind, made 
 such good head-way that I was unable to catch 
 up with it.' 
 
 I should have said that on the 9th I reached 
 after dark River la Cole, where I met His Ex- 
 cellency, Gen. Burgoyne, with an English 
 Brigade of Infantry, to whom I reported and 
 also delivered letters. 
 
 It 
 
 PS 
 
 ■a 
 
 li f ' 
 
 ' See note on Thos Jonei, antt. once sailed under a favorable wind, from 
 
 Crown-Point to hit aux Noix (90inilei) 
 ■ The Radeau, we are told by Hadden, in 9 hours. 
 
 II 
 
 i 
 
 
1. 
 
 \ 
 
 il 
 
 i , 
 
 82 
 
 PJUSCH\S JOURNAL. 
 
 loth. From this place I started before day- 
 break, and reached the Radeau at a Point' far 
 beyond Point au Feu in the real Lake Cham- 
 plain. 
 
 ilth. We raised our anchor, and, with favor- 
 able wind, got very early under sail. At 5 
 o'clock in the morning, we received orders to 
 get in readiness for an engagement. About half 
 after ten, we heard the sound of artillery ; and 
 soon after, under a splendid and auspicious wind, 
 all the batteaux met the enemy's ships in a bay 
 behind an island. The first sight, encountered 
 by our advance guard, was a frigate of the enemy 
 stuck fast on a stone clitf or island and abandoned ; 
 and soon after we saw two other frigates sending 
 forth a lively fire. Besides this they had several 
 armed gondolas, which, one after another, 
 emerged from a small bay of the island firing 
 rapidly and effectively. Every once in a while 
 they would vanish in order to get breath, and 
 again suddenly reappear. 
 
 Our attack with about 27 batteaux armed with 
 24, 1 2, and 6 pound cannon and a few howitzers 
 became very fierce ; and, after getting to close 
 quarters, very animated. But now our frigates 
 approached. One of them, the ** Maria," having 
 His Excellency, von Carleton on board, advanced 
 
 Probably Wind mill Point. 
 
PJUSCH*S JOURNAL. 
 
 «3 
 
 and opened a lively cannonade. This one was 
 replaced by the frigate ** Carleton ; " and as she 
 in turn retreated, the '* Inflexible" took her place 
 only to retreat as the others had done. One ot the 
 enemy's frigates two of which were at cchelicr^ or 
 rather at cchetoriy one behind the other, began to 
 careen over on one side, but in spite of this con- 
 tinued her fire. The cannon of the Rebels were 
 well served ; for, as I saw afterwards, our ships 
 were pretty well mended and patched up with 
 boards and stoppers. 
 
 Close to one o'clock in the afternoon, this 
 naval battle began to get very serious. Lieut. 
 Dufais came very near perishing with all his 
 men ; for a cannon-ball from the enemy's guns 
 going through his powder magazine, it blew up. 
 He kept at a long distance to the right. The 
 sergeant, who served the cannon on my batteau, 
 was the first one who saw the explosion, and 
 called my attention to it as I was takiig aim 
 with my cannon. At first, I could not tell what 
 men were on board ; but directly, a chest went 
 up into the air, and after the smoke had cleared 
 away, I recognized the men by the cords around 
 their hats. Dufais's batteau came back burning; 
 and I hurried toward it to save, if possible, the 
 Lieutenant and his men, for, as an additional mis- 
 fortune, the batteau was full of water. All who 
 could, jumped on board my batteau, which being 
 
 T 
 
 n 
 
 
f 
 
 m 
 
 \' 
 
 ' 
 
 Sl 
 
 '11^ 
 
 84 
 
 pjuscirs youRNJL. 
 
 thus overloaded, came near sinking.' At this 
 moment, a Lieutenant of artillery by the name 
 of Smith, came with his batteau to the rescue, 
 and took on board the Lieutenant, Bombadier 
 Engell, and one cannonier. The remainder of 
 Dufais*s men, viz : nine cannoniers and nine 
 sailors remained with me; and these, added to 
 my own force of 10 cannoniers, 1 drummer, i 
 Sergeant, 1 boy and 10 sailors — in all 48 per- 
 sons — came near upsetting my little boat, which 
 was so over-loaded that it could hardly move. In 
 what a predicament was I ? Every moment I 
 was in danger of drowning with all on board, 
 and in the company, too, of those I had just 
 rescued and who had been already half lost ! It 
 being, by this time, nearly evening, the batteaux 
 retired. The Radeau arrived at dusk because, 
 although we had a favorable wind, it was light, 
 and it made, in consequence, but little headway. 
 Any way, the two 4 pounders did their best, in 
 firing at the frigates of the enemy. The dis- 
 tance, however, was too great, so that no ball 
 was effective, and the approach of night pre- 
 vented our advancing nearer. This night a 
 chain was formed of all the batteaux ; and every 
 
 » "Of the Germans," says Gen. Riede- 
 sel, "Lieut. Dufaisofthe Hesse- Hanau Ar- 
 tillery, distinguished himself' on this occa- 
 sion. He was in command ot" an armed 
 sloop carrying a 12 pounder; and although 
 he was hard pressed by the enemy, and his 
 vessel finally sunk, he yet fought so des- 
 perately as to succeed in laving his gun 
 
 and bringing it to the vessel of Captain 
 Pausch. Two of his men, however, were 
 (iruvvned, and he barely escaped a similar 
 fite." In this connection see Gen. 
 Kiedesel's account of this Naval Battle, 
 in which he gives full credit to the Hesse 
 Hanau artillery. 
 
 s i: 
 
f« 
 
 Pavsch's journal. 
 
 85 
 
 one had to be wide awake and on the alert. 
 The Captain's frigate, which had run aground, 
 was set on fire at dusk by the orders of his Excel- 
 lency ; and her ammunition, blowing up, caused 
 a fine fire lasting all night. Up to this time, 
 nothing more occurred ; for the enemy's frigates 
 remained in the same place where they had 
 acted on the defensive. Toward morning, how- 
 ever, it was clear that they had escaped, A pur- 
 suit was begun and some vessels were captured. 
 Five large and small vessels, which had entered 
 a bay on the left shore were set on fire and aban- 
 doned by the enemy. The following night, my 
 batteau, together with some other armed English 
 batteaux, lost sight of the fieet on the Lake ; and 
 we were thus forced to continue rowing by 
 guess-work the entire night, that we might not 
 be left behind. The next morning at day- 
 break, we were lucky enough to meet a few 
 English vessels which had met with the same 
 experience as I had. Others followed in my 
 rear, so that I arrived in time (ahead of some and 
 behind others) at 9 o'clock a. m. at Crown- 
 Point.' 
 
 23. From this time forth, a chain was formed 
 .every night across the river^ with the batteaux 
 
 ' By comparing Pausch's account of the 
 action on Lake Champlain with that of 
 Gen. Rogers in his Sketch ot' Arnold 
 in his HaJden, the reader will see how 
 exactly Pausch tallies with Rogers. In 
 fact, these two accounts of this famous 
 action must ever, henceforth, remain as 
 the authoritiei on this subject. 
 
 '' Pausch calls this portion of Lake 
 Champlain "The River," as the Lake nar- 
 rows considerably at this point, becoming 
 narrower and narrower till it forms Wood 
 creek. The chain extended across from 
 Crown Point to Chimney Point almost 
 directly opposite on the Vermont shore. 
 
1 f 
 
 86 
 
 PJUSCirs JOURNJL. 
 
 ' 
 
 from which some thirty were detached for this 
 purpose. Between lo and ii o'clock in the 
 forenoon the men would row to each shore 
 where they cooked and ate — returning before 
 sunset to their respective positions and casting 
 anchor. 
 
 On the 19th Inst. Gen. Phillips sent me, by an 
 officer, the following order . 
 
 '* Crown-Point, 18M Oct., 1776. 
 " Monsieur : 
 
 " Maj. Gen. Phillips directs me, on his behalf, 
 to signify to you his entire approbation of the 
 brave conduct of Lieut. Dufais and the subalterns 
 and soldiers of the Hessian Artillery who took 
 part in the attack upon the Rebel fleet, the nth 
 of this month, under your orders. He begs you 
 to accept his good wishes and his best acknow- 
 ledgments ; and that you will be assured that he 
 will always remember it. 
 
 " I ha-e the honor to be very sincerely. Mon- 
 sieur, your very humble and very obedient servant. 
 
 "Thos. Bloomfield," 
 
 " Major of Brigade.'* 
 
 "To Captain Pausch.'* 
 
 Meanwhile, there was no scarcity of provi- 
 sions. Each man received plenty of salt meat. 
 Zweibach, and Rum. They made acquaintances 
 
 I i 
 
 
^ 
 
 PAUSCirS JOURNAL, 
 
 87 
 
 among the Indians, and traded with, and bought 
 of them fresh mutton and beef. So that the 
 officers and privates lacked for nothing — that is, 
 if we except the former who were partly in need 
 of tea and coffee, wine and other drinkables. 
 
 DuPiig our last engagement, Lieut. Dufais 
 lost one cannonier named Rosemer who was shot 
 dead, and the drummer, Pillant, and the pilot, 
 who were burned up. A sailor, also, lost his leg 
 by the same ball that killed the cannonier, and 
 which dug a hole under the gun-carriage three 
 inches above water-mark. During this time, all 
 ate and drank rum and water together — officers 
 as well as men ; and for a change, water and 
 rum ! Salt meat and Zweibach^ continued to be 
 our food. 
 
 24th. In accordance with an oral order, I disem- 
 barked my men and encamped near the left wing 
 of the 29th English Regiment, by this means re- 
 lieving an English officer with his detachment, of 
 whose cannon, with their necessary equipments, I 
 took charge. 
 
 27th, 28th. I also received the following 
 order from Gen. Phillips : 
 
 ^^Crown-Pointy Oct, 2St/j, 1776. 
 
 " Capt. Pausch, with the detachment of Artil- 
 lery under his command, will break camp to-mor- 
 row morning and embark his company upon the 
 four batteaux destined to join those now upon the 
 
 ,i! 
 
 
 I 
 
■s,S 
 
 
 88 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 River/ They will descend the Lake as far as 
 the Isle aux NoiXy where he will take the de- 
 tachment of his company (the same as those at 
 St. John's) and will return to Longville [Lon- 
 gueil] which place he will make his quarters until 
 new orders reach him to take up his winter- 
 quarters at Montreal. 
 
 " Bloomfield." 
 
 28th. After 9 A. M., I embarked in the above 
 mentioned batteaux on my return, and arrived 
 the third day — traveling all this time alone — 
 at the Isk aux Noix. I was alone as the wind 
 and weather, generally, had separated me from 
 the other batteaux. Three nights I spent on 
 small Islands and reefs, where the wind and 
 waves had cast me; continually in the open air 
 and near the fires which we had built. On the 
 third day (as I have said), I arrived, under a most 
 favorable but high wind, at the Isle aux Noix — 
 only an hour after Lieutenants Dufais and Span- 
 genburg. Here I gathered up all that were 
 left — those who had not died or who were not 
 in the hospital — in six batteaux, and, the same 
 day, reached the camp near St. Johns. I was 
 determined to make this voyage while the wind 
 was favorable. 
 
 31st. For want of carts, I was obliged to re- 
 main till towards noon. Finally, by dint of hard 
 
 ' See previous note. 
 
PJUSCH'S yOVRNJL. 
 
 89 
 
 work, and with the assistance of Maj. Harness 
 (commander of the Brunswick Battalion of Chas- 
 seurs) I procured them, and reached La Savanne' 
 after dark, over a wretched and nearly impassa- 
 ble road. Here we found some houses in which 
 we took up our quarters. 
 
 Nov. I St. I arrived at Longueil by way of 
 La Prairie. I occupied at this place good 
 quarters ; and, on my giving a 'f ceipt, I re- 
 ceived from a Captain of the Mi;i la residing 
 here fresh bread and fresh meat for the first time, 
 except when at Crown-Point, /here I h..d re- 
 ceive] the same for a few davs for my command. 
 The same day, I traveled with Lieut, Sartorius 
 to Montreal. I met the latter at La Prairie, 
 having had occasion to call upon him in refer- 
 ence to procuring money for the payment and 
 transportation of the troops. 
 
 Here I met Col. Leutz, Capt. von German, 
 Capt. von Geismar, and von Schoel (a convales- 
 cent) and Lieut, von Boetzig, who had been 
 ordered to this place. All of these gentlemen 
 started, with the baggage left at Montreal, a few 
 days later, for Berthier, where the Regiment had 
 already gone into Winter-quarters. 
 
 ' La Savan:ie does not apply to any sent day, supplied with the best of hay." 
 
 town (as might be inferred From the Letter from Mrs. L J A. P/i/>ineiiu of 
 
 text,) but means a low, swampy district, Monte Be/Jo^ Canada to the translator. 
 
 Such as lies between La Priirle, Lon- Riedesel dated several of his letters to his 
 
 gueil, Chambly, and St. Johns ; from wife from this district. 
 which low land Montreal is, at the pre- 
 
 12 
 
 t 
 
 ^R— 
 
 y 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 --.KMU-'~W^ 
 
T 
 
 ii 
 
 ( -I 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 90 
 
 PyfUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 7th. This evening, I received by an officer 
 sent expressly, the following order from General 
 Phillips : 
 
 " St. Jo/jnsy jt/i Nov., 1776. 
 
 "Captain Pausch, with the company of Hes- 
 sian Artillery, will proceed to the Helds at Pcmt 
 atix Tremble^ where he will encamp until the 
 barracks at Montreal are in a condition to receive 
 it. He will take his orders from Brigadier 
 Gall regarding the workings of his Brigade, 
 which will be attached to his [Pausch :) Com- 
 pany during the winter, in order that all may be 
 collected together ; and that there may be no 
 farther change in the orders upon this subject. 
 
 **Bloomfield, Maj of Brigade. 
 
 **N. B. Point aux Tremble is situated in the 
 Island of Montreal al^nost opposite Longucil." 
 
 Early the next morning I ordered the general 
 reveille to be beaten : and half an hour later 
 we started. Lieut. Spangenburg, Tour, and 
 Schutzen I dispatched [in advance] at 6 in the 
 morning to the Quarter Master General (Capt. 
 Money) at Montreal, with orders to provide 
 quarters. As I was on the point of starting with 
 the company, I received from the Quarter- 
 Master General the following letter : 
 
 ** Montreal Stb Nov., 1776. 
 "Sir : 
 **I have the honor to inform you that the bar- 
 
 
 li. 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNyfL. Qj 
 
 racks will be ready next Sunday ; and, if you 
 judge best, your company can start Sunday at 
 whatever hour you please ; or if you prefer to 
 start to morrow and march to Point aux rrembte, 
 you shall have the necessary hatteaux and carts. 
 
 "Yours, 
 
 . "J. Money,^ 
 
 ''D.^M. Genr 
 9th. This news obliged me to return the fol- 
 lowing morning and reoccupy my old quarters. 
 
 8th On the 8th, the lost gunner, Woehler 
 with five more cannoniers and the servant of 
 Lieut. Spangenburg, made his appearance. 
 
 On the 6th, Cannonier Scibold died of dys- 
 entery on a small Island (the name of which I 
 do not know) and was buried there. I quest- 
 ioned Bombadier Woehler why it was that he 
 had been so long absent ? He stated, that after 
 loosing us, he had drifted about on the Lake — 
 the waves casting him first on one island and 
 then on another— until, finally, when he had 
 about given up, he fell in with some Canadian 
 
 ' John Money, we are informed by 
 Rogers in his Hadden, was born in 
 Norwich Eng., about 1740. [-Ic ,ic- 
 cotnpanied his regiment to Canad.i in tiie 
 • pring of 1776, and as we see by the 
 text, took p.irt in the operations against 
 the Americans that year under Gen. 
 Carleton. The next year he atcum- 
 panied Burgoyne on his expedition as 
 
 Dcp. Ouarter-Mastcr Gen. After being 
 precipitated from a balloon into the sea 
 and being nearly drowned, and passing 
 through many other adventures, he died 
 at his seat near Norwich called Crown- 
 Foint, (Did he name the place to re- 
 mind him of his American Campaign '1 
 26 Mar. 18 1 7. He became a full Gene- 
 ral, June 4, 1814. 
 
 I ' 
 
 S 
 
 *.>-...a.i.-;iM»qiRW"-- _-^ 
 
 i'l 
 
fl 
 
 If 
 
 II 
 
 ■ 
 
 ,! 
 
 1 ! 
 
 1 
 
 i i 
 
 i '' 
 
 ill 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 ijj^. 
 
 92 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL, 
 
 batteaux and canoes, by the aid of which he 
 succeeded in reaching the Is/e aux Noix. Thence 
 he traveled to St. John's by water, and from 
 there overland, he reached Longueil. Here he 
 found my order and procured a cart. I rejoiced 
 from the bottom of my heart to have these poor 
 devils back again. During all this time, they 
 had met with nothing but misfortune ; and, 
 indeed, I had given them up for lost. Fortuna- 
 tely, they had with them the provisions in- 
 tended for Lieut. Spangenburg's detachment 
 (except the rum); and thus, being not in danger 
 of starvation, were enabled to sustain life for a 
 time. Lieut. Spangenburg and his men were 
 provided for by us. My company had allotted to 
 it six large rooms in the barracks with fire- 
 places ; and to my subalterns were given two 
 rooms. All Captains of Artillery, including 
 myself, are billeted in the city. Each room, 
 occupied by my men, contains ten beds — every 
 bed holding two persons. Every Saturday, wood, 
 coal, and lights are distributed among them from 
 the magazine; and, on every eighth day, provi- 
 sions are dealt out to them fairly and equitably. 
 Nearly all the winter they were furnished with 
 fresh meat and very good bread. Each man, 
 with the exception of those who are sick, draws 
 salt beef and pork, and very good butter. The 
 latter article is served out at the rate of one 
 pound per man for eight days ; and every time 
 
 «-j 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 93 
 
 that salt meat is given out, pease and oat-meal 
 are also furnished. For all this, the company 
 have to thank solely the kind care of Gen. 
 Phillips, who is just as solicitous concerning our 
 rations and treatment as if they were the Royal 
 Artillery — composed of his own men. Imme- 
 diately upon going into our winter-quarters,' the 
 entire company, by order of the General, were 
 furnished with the following articles of winter 
 clothing. Each man then, received the following 
 articles, viz : 
 
 One pair of long blue cloth over-alls such as 
 are worn by sailors, which come high up above 
 the hips and way down to the shoes. These are 
 fastened under the feet with a leather strap, and 
 have tive buttons on the outside of each leg and 
 
 'The winter-quarters oi the Germani 
 were in and around Three Rivers, as far 
 down as Ciiambly, on the western iiide 
 of Lake St. Pierre, and between the St. 
 Lawrence and the Richelieu. The more 
 special divisions were as' follows ; The 
 regiment of Specht as far down as Cliam- 
 pluin, near Three Rivers, and the place 
 called Batiscamp j the regiment of Rhetz 
 ftdin the last named place to I'ort St. 
 Anna. Tliese regiments sent off detach- 
 ments to the parishes south of tlie St. 
 Lawrence. The dragoons and regiments 
 of Riedesel were quartered in Three 
 Rivers. Two squadrons of the former, 
 and three companies of tlie latter, h.id the 
 town assigned to them. 'l"hc tvvo other 
 squadrons were transferred to Cape-de-la- 
 Madelain, the two other companies to 
 Point-du-Lac. The regiments were 
 also obliged to send detachments to the 
 
 nearest parishes on the other side of the 
 St. Lawrence. The regiment of Hesse- 
 Hanau was removed to the parishes of 
 Berthier and Masquinonge. It, also, 
 sent out detachments to oocupy St 
 Francois and Sorel. The regiment of 
 Prince Frederick occupied the parishes of 
 Riviere-du-Loup, and Machiche. The 
 grenadier battalion was quartered in St- 
 Chailes, St. Oenis, and St. Tours. 
 Barnur's light infantry was sent to Bulo- 
 v.lie and Ch.imbly, where it was joined 
 by the company of sharp-shooters. The 
 artilli;ry of Hanau was quartered in Mon- 
 tieal. The amount of territory occupied 
 as wintei -quarters by the German troops 
 was much too large for the number of 
 men. Those of the Brunswickers, for 
 instance (only 2,282 in all), occupied a 
 front of no less than thirty-three German 
 miles. 
 
 I 1 
 
 I i 
 
 i. r 11 
 
fT 
 
 li 
 
 If 1: 
 
 !i 'i 
 
 I' n 
 
 ! I 
 
 ^-^hL 
 
 94 
 
 PJUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 extend about a quarter the way up from the 
 ankle, also : 
 
 One large blue woolen cap. 
 
 One pair of blue mittens lined with corduroy 
 material. 
 
 One capacious under-jacket, the sleeves being 
 made of strong white corduroy. One Cana- 
 dian over-coat with a cape and facing of white 
 sheeps wool, and bound with a light blue braid. 
 The cape itself is made out of a whitish gray 
 cloth' a kind of melton. It is bound with light 
 blue woolen ribbon, and in three places extend- 
 ing down in front to the waist it is fastened 
 with rosettes — these latter being made out of 
 this same blue ribbon. This garment is called 
 throughout all Canada a capot. 
 
 For this entire outfit the following sums were 
 deducted from each man of the company. 
 
 In September a. p. 5 shillings no Pence 
 
 " October 
 " November 
 " December 
 " January 
 " February 
 " March 
 
 Total 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 ii 
 
 «( 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 33 shillings 9 Pence 
 
 «( 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 • The word which I have translated the color of a cloth when we say "pepper 
 " whitish gray," conveys to a German and salt." 
 exactly what we mean, in speaking of 
 
PyfUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 95 
 
 This was the cost including the making. 
 
 Each of these suits costs about 3 shillings less 
 than those furnished to the English artillery; 
 and for the reason, that 1, myself, saw to the 
 making of them up even to the smallest detail — 
 had it all done, too, in Montreal, and made all 
 the bargains myself There was another reason 
 viz: Among the English artillerists are the 
 tallest, strongest, and handsomest men in the 
 world. Consequently, it required more material 
 of each kind, than it did for my men. 
 
 The blue cloth and the corduroy arc already 
 on hand ; for as I was too far away from Mon- 
 treal to attend to the purchase myself, I had it 
 bought in that town at the same time as was that 
 of the English artillery which has just returned 
 frorn St. Johns. Immediately upon receiving it 
 I paid the commissary for it in cash, taking his 
 receipt. 
 
 These outfits — so necessary in this part of the 
 world — are of great service to my men, espe- 
 cially those who are sick. Of the latter, there arc 
 over thirty who are suffering from a kind of 
 scorbutic itch. 
 
 Indeed, I have been, from the start, the most 
 miserable and unfortunate of all the commanders 
 of the German Companies. Each of my men 
 who was sent to the Hospital was not only 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 M 1 
 
 i ' 
 
f 
 
 
 
 .;■ 
 
 
 j; 
 
 i' 
 
 ■! 
 
 I'i 
 
 96 PAUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 afflicted with dysentery, but, as the hospital doc- 
 tors told me, talked day and night of fathers, 
 mothers, brothers, sisters, cousins, and aunts — 
 besides, also, talking over and repeating all kinds 
 of German village deviltry — calling now this 
 one, and now that one by his baptismal name 
 until they had to stop for actual want of breath! 
 For this disease there is, as is well known, but 
 one remedy in the world, viz : dear peace, and a 
 speedy return ; and with this hope I comfort my 
 sick daily. With those still alive and well, I am 
 perfectly satisfied ; for they find plenty of solace 
 in the Canadian girls and women. For this rea- 
 son, and in their companionship they are happy 
 and contented. 
 
 After making the necessary arrangements for 
 the preservation and quiet of the sick, I asked 
 the General for an order to enable me to bring 
 my cannon, carts, harnesses, &c., from the River 
 Sorel to Montreal. This I did that I might 
 ascertain how many were left, and in what con- 
 dition every thing was — so as to be prepared for 
 actual service. 
 
 1 6th to the 29th. I made this request in writ- 
 ing and in the French language ; and, on the 
 29th, received the necessary order enabling mc 
 to carry out my purpose. 
 
 The river was still open ; and accordingly I 
 embarked in four batteaux, taking with mc 
 

 PAUSCWS JOURNAL. 
 
 97 
 
 Lieut. Spangcnburg, the servants of the company 
 and all the men necessary. The same day we 
 reached Point aux Tremble — distant from here 
 two and one-half leagues. 
 
 30th. I remained over night at La Valerie, 
 where I met Capt. Schoell who, with his com- 
 pany, were quartered in this Parish. 
 
 Dec. 2d. 3d. I reached Berthier, the head-quart- 
 ers of Col. von Gall, and, under the supervision 
 of Lieut. Spangenburg and wagon-master Zick- 
 lamm. I had everything transferred from the 
 transports to ten batteaux, and had them taken 
 to Berthier by way of the River Sorell and across 
 Lake St. Pierre. I also arranged everything 
 with Lieut. Sartorius regarding the balance of 
 the pay due us from November. 
 
 4th. I had the freight of the batteaux equal- 
 ized ; and, with the consent of Brig. Gen. von 
 Gall, had given orders to start the next day at 
 sunrise, when, toward 9 o'clock, the same 
 evening, I received another order from him di- 
 recting that everything should remain in statu 
 quOy as he hoped that my company, also, would 
 go into winter-quarters at Berthier on the Isle 
 au Bas.i 
 
 * Evidently some mistake in spelling nection, Iiic au Bat. has no meaning in 
 on the part of the writer, as, in this con- French. 
 
 ^3 
 
 I 
 
 

 ( 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 \> 
 
 i i 
 
 i 
 
 ! 
 
 ! 
 
 ■ 
 
 1, 
 
 ^ 
 
 JUail 
 
 98 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 5th. Consequently, I had everything taken 
 from the batteaux, re-landed, and collected to- 
 gether near head-quarters. Those articles which 
 required to be covered I stored in barns. 
 
 6th. 1 sent my men on batteaux to La Valen- 
 tine, at which place they remained over the 
 night. 
 
 8th and 9th. Late in the night I returned to 
 Montreal. I had not strictly carried out the 
 order of the General to whose Brigade I really 
 belonged, and, indeed, still belong ; and I thus, 
 innocently, met an offended gentleman and sour 
 faces. I explained to him, as well as I couKl, 
 that not only my Instructions but my letter di- 
 rected me to place myself under the orders of 
 Brigadier von C^all. Upon this statement, Gen. 
 , Phillips immediately wrote to Gen. Carleton, 
 the commander-in-chief at Quebec. As a result 
 of my letter it was decided that the Hessian 
 Company of Artillery should go into winter- 
 quarters with the English in the same barracks 
 and there remain. 
 
 Jan. 22d, 1777.' Our cannon and all the bag- 
 gage and acoutrements arrived towards evening, 
 having been transported overland with horses by 
 
 ' It will be observed that there is here 
 an interruption in the Journal extending 
 over forty-tour d;iys of December and Jan- 
 uary. From the fact that it was the most 
 leisurely period of winter-quarters ; and 
 also from the additional circumstance 
 that Pausch was in the habit of trans- 
 mitting his daily records — either the first 
 
 draft or a copy — to Prince William 
 by every opportunity, it is natural to sup- 
 pojc that either his notes are lost, never 
 having reached their destination, or that 
 they m.iy be still extant (but not yet dis- 
 covered) in Hessian manuscript collection* 
 public and private, and may yet turn up 
 when least looked for. 
 
PAUSCH'S JOURNJL, 
 
 99 
 
 the Canadians. They were brought into the 
 Barrack-yard, where they yet remain. 
 
 23d. The birth-day of the Queen was cele- 
 brated ; and a salute of seven cannon was fired 
 three times at the Citadel. My cannon were 
 used for this purpose - there being no others 
 Jiere. 
 
 The 29th Regiment and the English Artillery 
 marched in front of the Citadel. The former 
 fired three salutes from their muskets after every 
 seventh cannon shot. Each cannon was charged 
 with fully three pounds of powder — a charge 
 which these cannon had never before contained. 
 This, as I understood it, was intended as a test of 
 the strength of the guns. Since then, whenever 
 the weather is favorable, I have the men drill 
 daily according to our established method. 
 They are improving considerably — ths greatest 
 part of the men taking interest in the drill. 
 
 I must say that, in some respects, I am fortu- 
 nate in having my Quarters in the barracks at 
 Montreal, and not in an extensive Parish; since 
 lean thus take care of the sick and the' well 
 Besides which, having my men close together 
 I can eanly correct any thing that needs a change' 
 In the country, for instance, with my men scat- 
 tered singly among the inhabitants of the shan- 
 ties, I should have lost half of my young men • 
 and being separated from the English Artillery' 
 
 mmm 
 
 J'' 
 
^ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I i^ 
 
 iiiii 
 
 flirt 
 
 lOO 
 
 PJUSCfrS JOURNAL, 
 
 they would not have received half of the care 
 and attention. 
 
 Every one was obliged to be at Parade at 1 1 
 o'clock A. M. — the English Artillery as well as 
 my own. The companies formed in line at the 
 barracks and were taken by companies to the 
 Parade Ground. They were obliged to run 
 sometimes for a half, and sometimes for a whole 
 hour. 
 
 This came the harder on my men as they had 
 never been drilled in it before. However, this 
 exercise (which they were obliged to prac- 
 tice continually) was very conducive to their 
 health. They had, also, to dress themselves 
 properly every day; to comb and powder their 
 hair : the more so, as the General, himself, in- 
 spected them man and man. 
 
 March. My bat,' baggage and forage money 
 goes at such a rate, that I actually don't 
 know where it goes to. I had to furnish each 
 of my men with four good undershirts, two 
 new outside shirts, with two pair of linen 
 coverings for the arms, two pair of shoes, 
 and new stockings for nearly all. This I must 
 do, if they would appear properly. Besides this, 
 I had the misfortune to lose my chest containing 
 47 pairs of new white pants, and 49 pairs of new 
 white leggins. I had them replaced by new 
 
 ' Money for tjie pack-horsei. 
 
 iW 
 
 ! i 
 
 rmmu t 
 
PAUSCH'S JOURNJL. 
 
 lOI 
 
 ones, and distributed among the company. Most 
 of the pantaloons arc of fine bleached twilling ; 
 for I could not obtain strong linen white enough. 
 The leggins cost, each, 30 French aunes. About 
 60 Hanau yards cost 16 piasters, equal to 44 
 florins.' 
 
 In fact, the entire outfit costs { more here 
 than in Hanau, when I can buy everything 
 for \ less than it costs here. Shoes and leather 
 are here, also, excessively dear, as are all other 
 necessaries no matter what they are. I had 
 rather have a Secbsbatschen'- in Hanau (for I can 
 do more with it) than a piaster here, which, in 
 Hanau money, is 2 florins and 36 kreutzers. 
 
 April. All the officers have to add money of 
 their own, or else live poorly. A bombadier, 
 for example, has to pay for a pair of boots 20 
 florins ; for a pair of leather pants 20 florins ; 
 for a coat, five times as much as in Hanau ; 
 and everything else in the same proportion. 
 Why, a bottle of the poorest red wine costs, 
 in our money, 36 kreutzers, and a bottle of 
 Madeira i piastre ! 
 
 For the last three weeks we have had orders 
 to hold ourselves in readiness for marching. St. 
 Johns is the place of rendezvous ; and it is also 
 the arsenal, and the main depot for our ammuni- 
 
 ' One florin — equal to 37 cents or ]-^ 'A coin of the value of four silver 
 English money. groschen, equal in our money to twelve 
 
 and one-half centi. 
 
 ' 
 
 ^jBWi 
 
 •d*i 
 
/ ■ r 
 
 ; 
 
 102 
 
 PAUSChTS JOURNAL. 
 
 tion and provisions. All our fleet (both small 
 and large vessels) arc anchored there. Every- 
 thing, it seems, is to be taken from there in bat- 
 teaux to the Isle aux Noia — that is, after the 
 army has broken up and left their winter- quar- 
 ters. We will then occupy our old post ol Crown- 
 Point, which we captured last year, and thence, 
 we will undertake an expedition against Carillon' 
 or Ticonderoga. It is rumored that the enemy's 
 fleet is at this place — though under not very 
 auspicious conditions. It is also said, however, 
 that the fo^t at Ticonderoga — so far as regards 
 situation, garrison and cannon — i6 strongly forti- 
 fied. 
 
 Regarding the charges against head-smith 
 Brads concerning discipline, service and insub- 
 ordination, the Brigadier General will send in his 
 reports and protocols. I wi;:.h to gracious that I 
 had never seen such a ** cuss ; "^ also, I hope 
 never to see another one like him. I fervently 
 hope that he will sit in chains in a London jail — 
 for this is all he is good for in this world. 
 There is no more despicable beast in this world 
 than he. He respects neither God nor his 
 Superiors. This is the second time that he has 
 been confined in jail — having been, now, over 
 two months in Berthier — where I have sent 
 
 » A chime of bells. So named by tiie 
 early French, on account of the music of 
 the waters. 
 
 ' The exact translation. 
 
 n H\ 
 
'^ 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOVRNAL. 
 
 103 
 
 him to be tried by a court-martial of the Regi- 
 ment. • 
 
 On the 5th of March, at 7 A, M. I ordered 
 out my Company for inspection, near the 
 Quebec Gate at Montreal. They were closely 
 examined on this occasion by the Inspectit)n 
 Commissioners, the Captains of Artillery, and 
 by Adj. Gen. Foy' — which inspection took 
 about half an hour. The latter (Foy) paid me 
 a compliment after the muster — saying that he 
 Wi. ^reatly pleased, and that he would report 
 the satisfaction he had experienced to His Ex- 
 cellency, General Carleton. He left us the 
 same day ; and a few days later, I learned from a 
 letter from the Brigadier General that he had 
 expressed himself to the same effect at Berthier. 
 
 The Muster-Roll, attested by the Commis- 
 sioners and sworn to, I immediately sent to 
 Berthier ; and I trust that it arrived there at the 
 same time as that of the Highland Regiment. 
 
 ' Edward Foy accompinied the Bruns- 
 wick troops from Germany to England, 
 and thence to Quebec, where he arrived 
 June 1st, 1775, having gone to Canada 
 as commissary ot the tro.)|i3 there. He 
 was appointed Dep. Adj. Gen. to the 
 army in Canada June 3d, 1776, and 
 Adj. Gen., June 6, 1777. Gen. Bur- 
 gojrne wished to have Foy join him on his 
 expedition, but Sir Guy Carleton who was 
 about to return to England could not spare 
 him. Foy was appointed Secretary of 
 the Gov. Gen. of Canada, July ist, 
 
 1778 ; and he died April 27th, of the 
 next year. Foy's wife accompanied the 
 Baroness Riedesel to Canada in the 
 spring of 1777, svhen both ladies went 
 to join their husbands. Tlic Baroness, 
 in her journal, however (see Stone's 
 Memoirs of Madame Keidesel), gives 
 anything but a flifri !r description of 
 her traveling com i.inion. For a more 
 detailed account of Foy, see " Iladden's 
 yournal " annotated by Gen. Horatio 
 Rogers. 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
I04 
 
 PJUSCirS JOVRNAL. 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Jt i 
 
 On the nth of March, the entire English 
 Artillery and also my company were reviewed by 
 His Excellency, Gen. Carleton, and Gen. Riedesel. 
 After the review and while yet in the Parade 
 ground I received a notification, by an Adjutant 
 of Artillery, that the General-in-Chief was 
 highly satisfied. Soon after, I had the same 
 sentiments from Gen. Riedesel in an Order of 
 Gens. Carleton and Phillips expressed in good 
 German. Regarding this Review, instead of 
 the so-called Muster- Roll, a Report is attached 
 and hereby annexed under L. K. 
 
 April. For tnis campaign, the douceurs for the 
 Bat -baggage' and forage money, according to the 
 list made out the nth of February, for the past 
 year, were received excepting for the doctor, 
 Wagon-Master and the foreman of the hostlers — 
 of whose pay (by order of the Lieut. Gen. and 
 Col von Gall) one half was kept back — that is, 
 6 Livres (8 Florins 9) total 19 Livres,^ which 
 was paid to Lieut Sartorius — and for which, a 
 receipt was taken. 
 
 Closed the 20th April, 1777. 
 
 G. Pausch. 
 
 '(. e. Baggage on the pack-horses. 
 
 °6;. 3</., English money. 
 
 ■■*^--* ^;— ,- --.t''".^,-^*9lMi 
 
mmmm 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 105 
 
 ^ Continuation of the Journal ~ interrupted 
 
 April 20M, 1777. 
 
 28th. After getting my package ready to 
 send, I heard by chance, that Gen. Phillips in- 
 tended to send despatches in haste to Quebec, 
 where a vessel was said to be on the eve of sail- 
 ing down the St. Lawrence to the open sea for 
 London. As I was anxious to profit by this 
 opportunity (for which I had so long waited) to 
 forward my Reports and my Journal with six 
 plans besides other things, I begged, at the next 
 following reception of said General, both as a 
 particular favor to myself, and more yet, as a 
 gracious attention towards my Master, His Serene 
 Highness, the Prince, that he would send my 
 package under cover of his mail and with his best 
 recommendations to London. To this request he 
 consented without hesitation. Accordingly, upon 
 the day appointed by him for this purpose,' I did 
 not fail to hand to his Secretary my package 
 securely sealed ; and I fervently trust that it will 
 reach the hands of His Highness without the 
 least delay, and even quicker and more securely 
 than my former one. 
 
 May 15th. Between my last date and this, I 
 did not fail modestly to present the following 
 points : 
 
 
 I 
 
 I I 
 
 I I 
 
 r I 
 
 ■»<■ 
 
T^'T 
 
 f! # 
 
 106 
 
 PJUSCirS JOVRNJL. 
 
 ' I 
 
 1st. I sent a Report in regard to the condi- 
 tion and real effective force of the command 
 graciously entrusted to me. 
 
 2d. There was ordered for the English 
 artillery long, loose, and wide linen overalls — 
 such as the Sailors wear — to be made in one 
 piece from one end to the other ; and to be of 
 the same length as leggins. They were mostly 
 made of old tents. I found this kind of cloth- 
 ing to be very well adapted to this climate and our 
 present situation. They were particularly con- 
 venient not only for marching, but as a pro- 
 tection against the insects' which are especially 
 annoying to the men both in the field and in 
 the camp. Lieut. Dufais and myself amply 
 tested the merits of this clothing last year, 
 while on our journey to and from Three Rivers 
 and Chambly. As the Artillery were obliged 
 to do duty in this kind of uniform, and as it 
 made a good i»mpression generally, and promoted 
 harmony when it was seen that we were willing 
 to wear them, I determined to adopt the dress. 
 Accordingly, as I had no old tents which would 
 serve the purpose, I did not hesitate, but bought, 
 at the lowest price, Russian linen and had it 
 made up into pants. I intend to deduct the 
 actual cost of this clothing from the pay of the 
 Subalterns, Musicians and Cannoniers in two 
 payments, and for this reason, viz : that the 
 
 • Mosquitoes ? 
 
 ^^ 
 
 A-«fe>.*s:'j'gii'-^^:''->^ "' i i«Ui;«Mi il M ilWilM 
 
, .J.^V\~» <» L . 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOVRNAL. 
 
 107 
 
 pants are, like their winter clothing, an article 
 which cannot be paid for out of the fund devoted 
 to sundry small prescribed articles of dress, 
 having no connection with them. These pants 
 nre now all finished, and are worn by the men 
 not only in the barracks, but when off duty and 
 at drill. 
 
 For the last three weeks I have drilled every 
 morning from 6 to 8 o'clock, after the lately 
 introduced fashion — with only one Company. In 
 the afternoon, two of my cannon are served by 
 the English, and two by men from my Com- 
 pany when [ball] cartridges are used. I, for 
 one, never am present but send my officers in- 
 stead—for the reason, that only an English 
 captain is sent there, and only an English officer 
 commands them on these occasions. 
 
 ^ The National pride and arrogant conduct of 
 these people allow them to command my men, 
 while I am not permitted to command theirs! 
 
 I lately requested Gen. Phillips that he would 
 furnish me powder for my own drill. This 
 request he at once granted. This was at one 
 o'clock. At three o'clock, it was counter- 
 manded through the influence either of the 
 Major or some one else. Jealousy was the 
 cause of my not being allowed to drill sepa- 
 rately any longer ; and I was thus forced to drill 
 at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, according to their 
 orders and by their drums, which my men do 
 
 : 
 
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 ;■'. I 
 
 m 
 
 
' ' T 
 
 
 ' 
 
 ii 
 
 ^i 
 
 I 
 
 i I 
 
 io8 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL, 
 
 not understand at all, and who, if I left them to 
 drill alone, would be totally demoralized. In 
 fact, the Devil of Jealousy has been aroused 
 because the English see that my men drill 
 quicker and more promptly, and because, also, 
 the spectators do us the justice publicly to ac- 
 knowledge this to be the case. Hence, instead 
 of the former friendship between us, there is 
 now enmity. They imitate our Artillery in diff- 
 erent things, as, for example, in the matter of 
 our wipers — of which they are having some 
 made for their 3 and 6 pound cannon. Every 
 day, to my disgust, I have to practice the [lately] 
 introduced quick-step, which we do not have, 
 nor do they have it in Prussia — nay not in the 
 world, except in the chase, with fast horses and 
 good dogs ! This is a splendid exercise for the 
 men in winter ; but in the summer, when the 
 weather is warm, it is detrimental to the health 
 of the men. It has no good result except to 
 make the spectators laugh — for by this man- 
 oeuvre no closed ranks could be kept in an 
 attack upon the enemy. In case, therefore, of a 
 retreat we would not only fire badly, but would 
 be exposed to the well deserved censures of the 
 European and American press.' 
 
 There is a daily parade from 10 to 12 o'clock — 
 frequently to 12:30 — and every evening, from 
 5 to 7. Every man in our service must turn out 
 
 ' The Press was a power even in those days ! 
 
 
 
i '! 
 
 PAUSCH'S yOVRNAL. 
 
 109 
 
 and be present. Having anything but a full 
 Company, and having, at times, from 10 to 12 
 men sick at the barracks with the bad, and in 
 this country, the ever prevalent diarrhea, I send 
 two officers. The General daily assumes more 
 and more authority — encroaching more and 
 more upon our jurisdiction. 
 
 The head-smith. Brads, was sentenced by 
 Court Martial to two months imprisonment 
 on bread and water as a punishment for his 
 wickedness and excesses. This will be fully 
 shown by the documents which will be sub- 
 mitted by Brig. Gen. and Col. von Gall. A few 
 days after the sentence, his fascinating daughter 
 called on the General, and his wife on the 
 Major. As the result, I immediately received 
 an order, through Lieut. Dufais whom the 
 Major met, at once to liberate the head-smith, 
 Brads. I immediately obeyed this order, but, at 
 the same time, reported the fact to Brig. Gen. 
 von Gall. Thus both his authority and mine 
 were at once overthrown, over which circum- 
 stance the English and Brads, himself, crowed 
 loudly. It was pretended by the latter [V. e. the 
 English] that the work of the blacksmith was 
 needed ; but this was only a pretext, for, from 
 the beginning, I had substituted Cannonier 
 Walter, a thoroughly good mechanic. The 
 King's work, therefore, would not have suffered ; 
 for two blacksmiths are all that are required! 
 
 1 1 
 
 ill 
 
 jl 
 
 ji , 
 
 \ 1 
 
 i ^ ■ 
 
 m 
 
no 
 
 PjiUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 
 i I ■■ 
 
 That number is all that is allowed me ; con- 
 sequently, I have no right to have more. 
 
 Brads states in public that being, at present, in 
 the service of the King and in that of no other, 
 no one else has authority over him ; and this 
 statement has, of course, [as things are] many 
 supporters. I wish I were entirely rid of him ; 
 and that I could give him up to his protectors ; 
 for I fear that there will yet be a terrible scene 
 with him the first time he transgresses, in the 
 least, the rules of respect and discipline. I am 
 sure of this, for I know that certain matters of 
 jurisdiction are reserved in the treaty which was 
 ratified by his Majesty, the King. 
 
 I also add two copies of a protocul regarding 
 Cannonier Nantz who is now in jail and guarded 
 by a watch. An English officer had him arrested 
 and brought before his Main Guard, and after- 
 wards cast him into prison without informing 
 me. He was afterwards taken from prison and 
 brought into the Guard-room, where the com- 
 manding officer of the Guard, by the name of 
 Williamson of the 29tb Regiment, after cuffing 
 and kicking him, sent him back to the jail — a 
 place, where we, at home, put only pickpockets, 
 highwaymen, murderers and assassins. 
 
 The circumstances of the case are as follows : 
 
 Crv:' ii'ici Nantz was called a " Dutch bugger" 
 
 h, d- :; . \ earing an overcoat with a hood (as 
 
 immm 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNAL, 
 
 III 
 
 all soldiers and inhabitants hereabouts do), and 
 leading a girl by the arm. Expecting anything 
 but such an epithet from a soldier or even from 
 a Canadian peasant, Nantz answered. **Tou may 
 be an infamous bugger, but what am I doing to 
 you, you dog, that you should call me a bugger ?" 
 Suddenly, a glistening bayonet appeared from 
 under the cape. Nantz, a good, brave soldier, 
 and as decent and as resolute a man as there it in 
 the Company — and not intoxicated as he had 
 left his bed in the barracks only three-quarters 
 of an hour previous — draws his sabre. Hesita- 
 ting, however, to use it, he strikes, with the flat 
 side of the blade, the head of his antagonist just 
 as he was in the act of using his bayonet. But 
 the sabre glancing off, he cuts one of his cheeks; 
 whereupon the man with the overcoat runs away ! 
 Nantz quietly pursues his way to the barracks ; 
 but while in the act of passing the Guard, he is 
 drawn in, arrested, and maltreated in the manner 
 just mentioned. To his question " what crime 
 he had committed ? " he is told that he had 
 struck this officer. Whereupon, he replied, that 
 he had not known he was an officer ; that he 
 was heartily sorry for it ; that he never supposed 
 that an officer would call him a " Dutch bugger ; " 
 that, as he had said, he had not supposed him to 
 be an officer, but had taken him to be either a rude 
 soldier or a Canadian peasant ; and, finally, that 
 the Prince, whom he served, had not a single 
 
 ^ i 
 
 ' 1 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
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 ■ • 
 
 
 
 .1 
 

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 112 
 
 PAUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 "bugger" in his service, but only brave soldiers 
 as good as they were themselves — and that they 
 all served the same King. 
 
 On the following morning, I received an order 
 to investigate the case. This was on a Monday, 
 and also a tea-party day.' I took with me my 
 three officers as assessors. The aggrieved officer, 
 who could only speak English, came also accom- 
 panied by a corporal of the English Artillery 
 who spoke German. I had the accused brought 
 before me and close-questioned him. Mean- 
 while, the officer confessed that he had called 
 Nantz a " bugger. " " Why ? " was my question 
 to the officer. ** Because," he replied, " the 
 cannonier had looked at him." " Now," I 
 asked the cannonier, " Why did you look at the 
 officer ? " He replied, that " he had served his 
 Majesty, the King of Prussia, for eight years, and 
 was allowed to look at him whenever he met 
 him ; and, moreover, he had never been re- 
 proved for so doing ; that he and every one else 
 had a perfect right to look at any one whom 
 they met in the public street." 
 
 Perceiving, therefore, that I could do nothing 
 in this matter, and that the whole affair would 
 result unfavorably before the officers, I sent him 
 to my Guard-House. 
 
 ' That it, a reception held at stated times by the Generals and their wives. 
 
 wm 
 
 mm 
 
 wmtM 
 
wmmrtifmmmm 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 "3 
 
 While at the Court Tea-party, I received from 
 Major Gordon' of the Ens^^ineer Corps (who, dur- 
 ing the presence of Lieut. Gen. Carleton was 
 vice-commander) an order to deliver the "wretch" 
 to the Main-Guard, which I did. A few hours 
 afterwards, I received iui other order to take a 
 receipt for the " wretch " from the Main-guard, 
 and keep him until further directions. Three 
 weeks went by without any further enquiries re- 
 garding the case. 
 
 Meanwhile, a spy enquired of my officers if 
 the cannonier was in jail or on duty? I an- 
 swered that he was on duty since no other order 
 had been received respecting him. The Gene- 
 ral, also, asked me in the drawing-room, the 
 
 ' Harry Gordon of Knockespock, 
 in the parish of Clatt, Aberdeenshire, 
 came from an old Scotch family, that 
 obtained from James IV, in i5oSagrant 
 of the barony of Clatt, whic/i was re- 
 newed by James VI, in 1604, "to his 
 beloved James Gordoun of Knockes- 
 poke." The early Eiitiili Army Lists 
 do not mention the Engineer Corps, so it 
 is impossible to state when Major Gor- 
 don entered the Royal Engineers. In 
 the Army Lists of 1756 he is down as a 
 sub-engineer, which grade was equivalent 
 to a lieutenant of Foot, but no date of 
 commission is given. He became an 
 engineer in ordinary and captain Jan. 4, 
 1758, and a major in the army July 23, 
 1773. He was serving in Canada in 
 Sept., 1776, and he had probably been 
 stationed there for several years prior 
 thereto. A letter written from {Quebec, to 
 be found in the London Chronitle for Aug. 
 7-9) '777i "ys, "Major Gordon, Chief 
 
 Entiineer, goes home, and is succeeded by 
 Capt. Twiss ot the same corps;" and 
 the same paper for Aug. 5-7, i-yy 
 under date of Aug. 6, says, "Col. Gor- 
 don, lately arrived from J^uebec, was 
 presented to the King at St. James, and 
 had the honour of a conference with 
 his Majesty." He became a lieut- col- 
 onel in the army Aug. 29, 1777, and a 
 sub-director of engineers and major in 
 that corps Dec. 18, 1778. His last pro- 
 motion was Nov. 20, 1780, when he 
 was made a colonel commandant of En- 
 gineers, or simply colonel, an that grade 
 afterwards was known, and hi. name 
 appears in the Army Lists for the last 
 time in 1787. He married a Phil- 
 adelphia lady named Hannah Meredith, 
 by whom he had four sens and c-.-l 
 daughters, and one of his sons subse- 
 quently b«ame a major-general in the 
 army. His descendants still survive, 
 [Haddftt's Journal. J 
 
 ■ \ 
 
 > f 
 
 ^f 
 
 J> 
 
114 
 
 P.fUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 , 
 
 Si 
 
 IN 
 
 same question and received the same answer. 
 Finally, he wrote to the Brigadier General for the 
 Judge Advocate. The latter arrived. The 
 officer was to be summoned ; but it was said that 
 he was sick in quarters at Longueil, but would 
 put in an appearance in three days. But he 
 came not. At length, it was determined that 
 the examination should begin. I asked for and 
 procured an English ofj.cer who could speak 
 German. The investigation began. It was 
 translated into French and submitted to the 
 General by the Major. At the close of the in- 
 vestigation I was asked by the Major why I did 
 not pronounce sentence on my man ? I an- 
 swered that "they should iirst examine the offi- 
 cer; and then I would leave it to himself to say 
 whether or not the prisoner was guilty." 
 
 Lieut. Dufais was accosted in the court- 
 yard at Head-quarters, (where I would not 
 go) by the General and questioned about this 
 case. The latter was forced to acknowledge 
 that he had reason to be perfectly satisfied 
 with us in every respect so far as regarded 
 our duty ; but, in this particular case, " we 
 should," he said, "have entered a complaint; 
 for it was not gracious, neither was there any 
 occasion to take satisfaction into our hands." 
 In reply, Lieut. Dufais wanted to know "against 
 whom we should enter complaint .? for, among 
 so many people, we could not know the officer 
 
 II 
 
 « ^^ 
 
PjmCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 "5 
 
 who assailed our man : and that it would be 
 ridiculous to complain oF any one, by chance, 
 without knowing the offender : also, that these 
 affrays occured a hundred times in this place 
 between the men \i. e. yours and ours, but who 
 could tell the naines of those who run away like 
 boys!!" Now, however, there is trouble all 
 around; and we still remain in disfavor with the 
 General, on account of the talk and remarks 
 there have been concerning this affair. 
 
 The General said, he would have the case in- 
 vestigated. We answered, that it would be im- 
 possible, if conducted in the English language. 
 If, however, they had no confidence in a Court- 
 Martiai composed of officers of the Hanau Regi- 
 ment, there was a German General of the 
 Brunswick troops here, who would certainly 
 investigate the matter impartially. This propo- 
 sition seems on the point of being accepted, and 
 appears to meet with approval. In view of this, 
 a note has been sent to his Excellency Gen. 
 Carleton at Quebec : and His Excellency Gen. 
 Burgoyne, and Gen. Riedesel will be here in a 
 few days, so that the case may then, possi- 
 bly, be decided. 
 
 Maj. Williamson got it into his head that he 
 could order mc to forbid my men going out in 
 the evening with their sabres. But I told him 
 that I would not dare receive such an order from 
 
 ^Hi 
 
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 $1 
 
 
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 \ 
 
 
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 [i6 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 any one except my Gracious Prince, and there- 
 fore I could not obey liim : further : that should 
 I meet any one of my men either during the day 
 or at the time for retiring at 9 o'clock, going to 
 his quarters without his sabre, I should have him 
 flogged the next morning. I further said, that 
 it was a standing order at our Capital, where 
 four or iive battalions were collected at a time, 
 that no soldier in uniform should be without his 
 side-arms. 
 
 Since then, I have never been asked to do this; 
 and in fact, it would fare ill with my men were 
 such an order enforced — since were they to 
 depend on boxing for protection, some would 
 return to Germany cross-eyed and some blind ! 
 
 The most friendly feeling and unaniiriity 
 exist between the Royal Artillery and the subal- 
 terns and privates of my Company. This state of 
 affairs I am endeavoring to maintain and foster 
 with the greatest care and particularity. 
 
 My powder-flasks are all warped in conse- 
 quence of the dampness of the hitteaux and the 
 wretched weather ; and they canDf.t be repaired 
 in this place. 
 
 The General, who lately examined the arms 
 of my Company, said that he finds the carrying 
 of catouches very cumbersome and hard on the 
 men. The General is right ; especially as re- 
 
PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 117 
 
 gards the piece of wood attached. I told him 
 I had already sent an humble statement, regard- 
 ing this very thing to my Prince, and hoped to 
 be able to discard the powder-flasks; but if the 
 General desired it, I would have the cartridges 
 attached to the white straps. The first day, he 
 merely alluded to it. The next day, he spoke of 
 it again, saying, I would do well if I could free 
 the men from this piece of wood. I was very 
 glad to have the suggestion, for the wooden 
 contrivances were not at all ornamental, and, on 
 account of the expense, I could not procure new 
 ones, although the old ones had become warped 
 out of all shape. I, therefore, had the cartridges 
 fastened to the belts until such time as I should 
 have further orders from his Highness, the 
 Prince — which will come in the future. They 
 are now the prettiest cartridge-pocket one can see 
 or wish for. They look very nicely on the men 
 who have now entirely destroyed the catouch- 
 boxes. 
 
 17. In the afternoon. His Excellency, Gen. 
 Burgoyne, and staff arrived here. 
 
 18. Al Reception was held to welcome him at 
 half past twelve. It was then and there, that 
 the Major General and chief of the Royal Artil- 
 lery in Canada, with great condescension, praised 
 the Company entrusted to me, for its appearance, 
 discipline and the service rendered. He also 
 praised the Company for its iine cannon-drill ; 
 
 ' i 
 
 I 
 
 ! 
 
 > 
 
FTT 
 
 ! ii 
 
 i 
 
 
 ii8 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 and introduced Lieut. Dufais and myself to the 
 members of his stafE The fmyj other two 
 officers, whom he had not introduced because 
 they could not speak French, were presented by 
 one of his adjutants who spoke good German. 
 His Excellency was very gracious and expressed 
 his gratification at the good report made of us by 
 Gen. Phillips. He gave us also the assurance of 
 his future good will. 
 
 17. I received an order, dated May 17th, 
 1777, translated from English into German. 
 
 Maj. Gen, Phillips received the following 
 order dated " Head-quarters at Quebec, May 
 10th, 1777, from His Excellency and Com- 
 mander-in-chief Gen. Carleton. 
 
 " His Majesty, the King, has graciously de- 
 termined to send on an expedition a Detach- 
 ment of the army, under the command of Lieut, 
 Gen. Burgoyne, to consist of Grenadier and Light 
 Infantry from the following Regiments, viz: 
 the 24th, 9th, 20th, 2ist, 47th, 53d, and 62d. 
 Fifty men from each of the above specified 
 Regiments are to remain behind. 
 
 " Of the German troops, a detachment of Sam- 
 aritans' to the number of 650 men, in the same 
 
 ' Not quite clear. Huwever, as tlic sea byliis Journal, often expresses kiin- 
 
 Geimans use the term " Good Sam- self with consiilersble originality, and it 
 
 aritan" as vvc us« it, it is very proba- would be just lilvc him to usi thi« ex- 
 
 ble lli.it llic word is here used to denig- preision tor a hoipital guard. 
 nate the Hospital Guard. Pauich, at we 
 
.i\ 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOVRNAU 
 
 .119 
 
 proportion, will also remain behind. The first 
 named corps is to hold itself in readiness to march 
 upon receiving the first order from Lieut. Gen. 
 Burgoyne, from which time, all reports are to be 
 made to Gen. Burgoyne as Commander-in-chief. 
 The Detachment, consisting of the fifty men 
 from the above mentioned Regiments, too-ether 
 
 with I Captain, 2 Subalterns and inferior officers 
 
 in the proportion as set down for each Recriment 
 will rendezvous at the Head-quarters of their 
 respective Regiments, and will remain there 
 until further orders. The Artillery with its 
 staff, the General Hospital Department, and the 
 Commissioners, are to send in at once a Report 
 stating whether or not they are supplied with 
 every necessary for a campaign. 
 
 "Capt. Foy, 
 '^ Adj: Genr 
 
 Respecting that miserable rascal and head- 
 smith. Brads, I received the following order, 
 dated the i6th of May, 1777. 
 
 « 
 
 Sir : 
 
 "It seems a very extraordinary proceeding to 
 hold under arrest for many months, a soldier for 
 the sake of punishing him, as, by this means, the 
 particular service, for which he was destined, 
 will suffer greatly by his detention. It is very 
 likely that this was not contemplated by the 
 
 1 1 
 
 \ j! 
 
 I , 
 
 If! 
 
 ' 
 
 , ! 
 
 w 
 
y 
 
 V 
 
 M 
 
 120 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 
 
 ViM 
 
 Treaty, that a soldier should receive pay and 
 provisions, and yet not render any service while 
 under employ. 
 
 " I cannot interfere in this affair ; and I have 
 accordingly, given orders that the Smith shall 
 be liberated according to the wish of Brig. Gen. 
 Gall : and in making use of his services, you will 
 do with him as you and the Brigadier shall judge 
 the most proper. 
 "Montreal, May 1 6th, 1777. 
 
 " W. Phillips, 
 
 " Major General. 
 
 " P. S. You will have the goodness to make a 
 Report of this to the Brigadier." 
 
 It being post-day, when I received this, I sent 
 the above order in the original to Berthier to 
 the Brigadier General, saying I waited his orders 
 as to what I should do in the premises. The 
 General left it with me whether or not to 
 have him re-arrested. I left him, however, 
 undisturbed, as he was in the employ of the 
 King — saying I would first await orders from 
 my Chief at Berthier. At the same time, I gave 
 it as my opinion that the fellow had already 
 been somewhat punished ; and as I did not wish 
 to belittle the General, the wretch had better be 
 released from further punishment, and allowed to 
 continue at his work. 
 
 6 
 
 |i 1 
 
 V 
 
11 
 
 PJUSCH'S yoURNJL. ,2 I 
 
 In time of war, I find sentences of this kind 
 out of place, as long, that is, as the offence is not 
 a criminal one. Prompt punishment— -such as 
 running the gauntlet,^ whipping, or confining in 
 fetters for a time— is the best that can be done on 
 these occasions, as by these light punishments, 
 the service does not suffer. 
 
 19th. Brought to a close, the 1 9th of May, 1777 
 in the Winter- quarters at Montreal. It looks' 
 now, as if we were on the point of starting I on the 
 Expedition] ; and, perhaps, we will really do so 
 before the end of the month. 
 
 Continuation of the interrupted Journal, which was 
 forwarded [to Germany \ from Montreal. 
 
 2ist. A grand Review was held by His Ex- 
 cellency, General Burgoyne, who arrived here 
 on the 17th from Quebec. The Review con- 
 sisted of all the Artillery here in garrison, 
 which IS composed of three Royal Companies 
 and my own. It was similar to the one held 
 here last Winter by His Excellency, General 
 Carleton. 
 
 For this reason, I forward with this an ap- 
 pended Report of Gen. Phillips, signed by me 
 and marked " L. A. ; " one by His Excellency 
 
 
122 
 
 PJUSCIPS JOURNAL. 
 
 \ !! 
 
 Gen. Bargoyne, signed by Gen. Phillips ; and 
 one by Major Williams, also signed by myself.' 
 
 At the close of the Review, Gen. Phillips, 
 through one of his adjutants, expressed his grat- 
 ification at, and his thanks for, the valuable 
 services rendered by my Company from the first 
 hour to the present time. He also ordered these 
 sentiments to be stated to each man of the Com- 
 pany individually. I immediately complied w^ith 
 his wishes, so far as the officers were concerned ; 
 and the latter in turn, announced it to the men. 
 After this had been done, the General delivered 
 a long address, in the English language, to his 
 own Artillery, which, so far as I could make out, 
 was nearly of the same general tenor. 
 
 This Review was held on the Heights behind 
 the Fauburg de Recollets, and continued from 
 10:30 to 12:30. When it ended, the Company 
 returned to their Barracks. 
 
 23d. The Review of the 29th Regiment was 
 held at the same place. This regiment was in 
 garrison here this Winter ; and, it is said, will re- 
 main in its present quarters for the entire 
 year. As yet, all is quiet in this garrison. 
 
 30th. The Grenadiers and Light Infantry, 
 who were in Winter-quarters here [Montreal] 
 
 * This Journal as before observed, that personage from time to time, as an 
 was written tor the eye of the Prince of opportunity occurred. 
 Hesse-Hanauj and was forwarded to 
 
PyfUSCH'S JOVRNJL. 
 
 123 
 
 have started to-day on their march down to the 
 River Sorel. At the present time of writing, it 
 IS rumored that their destination is as far' as 
 Chambly, St. John's and the Isk aux Noix, 
 where the advance-guard is to await the com- 
 ing of the main army— after which it [the ad- 
 vance-guard] is to march further on. 
 
 28th. Last Wednesday, the 28th Inst, an Artil- 
 lery company (the oneof Capt. VVachers) belong- 
 ing to the advance-guard, marched in the same 
 direction, viz : the River Sorel, and, thence, will 
 go up the River. As it is still impracticable to 
 transport our baggage over land, we will very 
 likely have to make use of the two rivers for our 
 advance. 
 
 June 3d. As I have just now ascertained from 
 Capt. Gerlach of the Engineers, all the German 
 Regiments have broken up their quarters and 
 have started for Sorel, whence they will be con- 
 veyed on batteaux further up the Sorel River to 
 their place of destination. 
 
 May 30th. I received the following orders : 
 
 First Order. 
 
 "His Excellency, General Burgoyne, directs 
 that, without exception, no officer shall take 
 with him any more baggage than he is in ex- 
 
n 
 
 ^ 
 
 f<ji«aet^*^ 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 t 
 
 111 I 
 
 1^ 
 
 ■ ft f 
 
 124 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 tremc need of. The officers are, therefore, 
 ordered to deposit their baggage where it will 
 be safe. 
 
 "The officers of the English Artillery offer to 
 take charge of the equipage of the officers of the 
 Hessian Artillery with their own. By the ex- 
 press orders of General Burgoyne, no more than 
 three women can be taken with each company." 
 
 The other order relates to the Infantry, and 
 has, therefore, nothing ' ^ do with the Artillery. 
 
 June 2d. Second d DEi. ^rom Maj. Gen. 
 Phillips. 
 
 "Montrealy June 2d, 1777. 
 
 "The British Artillery will set out next Thurs- 
 day for Longueil; and the Hessian Artillery 
 will be prepared to set out Friday, the 6th, or 
 Saturday, the 7th. 
 
 "Clieland." 
 
 « 
 
 Lieut, and adj. 
 
 ''Royal Artillery^ 
 
 On the 30th of May, His Excellency, Lieut. 
 Gen. Carleton and Suite also arrived here from 
 Quebec. 
 
 »Samuel CleaveUnd, Lieut. 7th Reg. lery, Oct. 30, 1775 5 Capt. in the j6th 
 of Foot, March a6th, 17735 Col. Artil- Reg. of Foot, May »4th, 1776. 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 
 
 '25 
 
 4th. This being the greatest holiday, viz : the 
 birth day of his Majesty, the King - a salute 
 of twenty-one guns was fired from the citadel. 
 The 29th Regiment of Infantry, here in garri- 
 son and which turned out on the Champ de 
 Mars; three general detachments of the English 
 Artillery also stationed here; together with my 
 Company, marched to the citadel and paraded in 
 honor of the day. 
 
 At the close of this military display, the higher 
 officers, namely, his Excellency, Carleton, Bur- 
 goyne and Maj. Gen. Phillips, with their staffs, 
 repaired in a body to the citadel. There, at 
 their order, the English gunners charged a 
 six pounder with one of our style of wipers, 
 first with blank cartridge' then with ball. These 
 wipers, and the manner in which they were 
 handled in working the cannon, met with 
 approval ; and they will, in all probability, be 
 adopted by the English Artillery in Canada. 
 During the salute, Maj. Williams asked me to 
 come to his quarters at 5 o'clock this afternoon 
 both to receive orders for our march, and to learn 
 of the arrangements made for our transportation. 
 It is now a quarter past three o'clock ; and in 
 an hour and three-quarters I shall find out what 
 I wish to know, and be able to add it to this 
 day's Journal. 
 
 » Literally <• blind wipers." ' 
 
 ■' 
 
 li 
 
9 '' 
 
 I I 
 
 \ 
 
 4 fc 
 
 126 
 
 PAUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 At 5 o'clock, I received no further orders, 
 excepting that a trial of minute-firing would be 
 held at the citadel in presence of the whole 
 body of Generals with a 6 pound English cannon, 
 only 4 feet, 9 inches long (Kass'), and served by 
 English Artillerists ; and also with one of my 
 cannon 5 feet, 1 1 inches long, worked by my 
 men. 
 
 The English managed to fire eleven times, 
 and my men twelve times (A^. B. After 
 each discharge the gun is spunged out). If 
 I could have omitted the wiping, which dur- 
 ing minute-firing, is never practised, and kept 
 right on firing, as it would have been the 
 proper way to do, I certainly could have 
 fired nineteen to twenty times. But as the 
 other side started the thing, I could not pos- 
 sibly avoid doing the same. They have intro- 
 duced the custom of dipping the wiper in a 
 bucket of water under the cannon. This, 
 however, is of no advantage, as it only in- 
 creases the dampness, and, after a while, 
 causes a tough gum to form inside of the gun 
 which adds to the labor and retards the firing. 
 I know by experience how the " Chevalier 
 Pfalz^ Artillery " for a long time used this pre- 
 caution, more detrimental than useful — Since it 
 caused accidents which were only avoided after 
 
 • Kass, an abbreviation for Cassel. Germiny according to the district. 
 Meaning by Cassel measurement — as the 
 foot, as well as other measures, vary in ' Electoral Palatinate. 
 
 \ ^ 
 
PJUSCirS JOURNAL, 127 
 
 the custom had been done away with. The 
 custom has, therefore, been abandoned [by us] 
 years ago, in fact more than twenty. - 
 
 I hav«, also, advised those here — by whom I 
 could be understood — to give the practice up ; 
 but whether my well meant advice will be 
 heeded or not I do not know. 
 
 ^ Shortly after this exercise, the above men- 
 tioned Generals sent the English Artillery Adju- 
 tant, Lieut. Clieland' to me with their compli- 
 ments. At the same time, they expressed their 
 entire satisfaction both at our Artillery itself, and 
 at the manner and agility with which our can- 
 non were handled ; and, as they wished to in- 
 troduce the same method, they desired me to 
 give and to cause to be given all necessary advice 
 
 and assistance, in order that their artillerists might 
 
 also be enabled to work as well and as rapidly as 
 
 mine. This latter request, I respectfully prom- -j 
 
 ised to fulfill ; the more so, because, a year ago, 
 
 they were very kind to my Company in showing 
 
 us their methods of loading and handling the 
 
 cannon, 
 
 5th. The remainder of the companies of the ; 
 
 English Artillery who were here in garrison, . ' 
 
 having gone by way of the St. Lawrence to Lon- 
 gueil, and who will go thence to our place of 
 rendezvous at St. Johns, I shall be left behind 
 
 • See previous note. 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
128 
 
 PAUSCirS JOVRNAL. 
 
 % 
 
 
 f h. 
 
 
 
 till we meet there. The time for me to march 
 is now set down for the 8th or 9th of this month, 
 when I shall go to Longueil, and there await 
 the necessary authorization papers to march, by 
 way of La Prairie, to St. Johns. There is no 
 doubt that these strong, well formed men, who 
 look as if they had been picked out of an army, 
 will, in a short time, learn, and do as well and even 
 better than my small but very attentive, willing 
 and excellent men ; for the former, according to 
 their fashion, have great ambition, more so, in- 
 deed, than the rest of the troops. 
 
 Last evening, the 4th Inst., all the houses in 
 Montreal, and in the suburbs of Quebec, St. 
 Lawrence and Recollet, were illuminated, on 
 account of its being the greatest National festi- 
 val, viz : the birth-day of his Majesty, the King ; 
 and each citizen had a feu de jot [bon-fire] in 
 front of his dwelling. There was continual gun 
 and pistol firing from sunset till one o'clock the 
 next morning. Those who did not illuminate 
 their windows were in danger of having them 
 broken by stones; consequently, those houses 
 which were not illuminated were few and be- 
 longed to those who were too poor to do so, for 
 they certainly were not Rebels. 
 
 7th. In the evening I received the two follow- 
 ing orders from Maj. Gen. Phillips : 
 
vgsp 
 
 PAUSCirS JOURNAL. ^^Q 
 
 ''Montreal, June yth, i jjj, 
 ''Captain Paus'ch: Commander of the Hesse Uanau 
 
 Artillery. 
 
 "You will start with the company of Hesse- 
 Hanau Artillery from Montreal on Tuesday the 
 lothinst, crossing the River at Loneueil You 
 will march also, on the following dav, to 
 Chambly and St. John's. At this latter place 
 you Will receive four field cannon, which will 
 torm, under your orders, the Artillery Brigade 
 and which will be attached to the left wint of 
 the Army The orders, concerning this matter, 
 have already been sent to IMaj. Williams. 
 
 "You must see Lieut. Barmer, Asst. Quarter- 
 Master General, in order to have some boats for 
 the transportation of your baggage to the other 
 side of the River ; and i^r carts, vou will have 
 to apply to Maj. Gen. Dupres, who will furnish 
 you with all you require both for the service 
 and tor repairs. * 
 
 ■ "The Artillery of Hanau, consisting of three 
 held-cannon, are to be left at Montreal under the 
 command of an officer who is to take char^^e 
 until he receives other instructions Yo" v il 1 
 also, take such things with you as you need and 
 may particularly desire ; and, if you think it best 
 two carts of ammunition. ' 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 -^ ■ 
 
f? 
 
 
 i 
 
 130 
 
 PAUSCWS JOURNAL. 
 
 '• Meanwhile, the officer has to report for 
 orders to Col. St. Leger, who will determine 
 what orders shall be at once given. 
 
 *'Dated at Montreal June jth. 
 
 *W. Phillips, Maj. Gen.' 
 
 ''Montrea/y June 8//6, 1777. 
 
 "Dear Sir : 
 
 "As it is not entirely certain that the Chas- 
 seurs, who are expected to arrive from Europe, 
 and are destined for the secret expedition under 
 the command of Col. St. Leger, are from Hesse- 
 Hanau,' and as the Regiment of Ilessc-Hanau 
 may not send off any detachments hired for 
 that purpose, do not send any detachment for 
 service. It is the opinion that the Artillery 
 Company ot Hesse-Hanau, under your orders, 
 will embark with the Expedition under Lieuten- 
 ant General Burgoyne. You will, therefore, 
 move with all the companies of Hesse-Pianau 
 (as previously advised) on Tuesday the 10 Instant. 
 The cannon must be left in charge of an officer 
 
 ' The result, however, proved thit tht: 1777, for Canada. One ot" these com- 
 
 Ch.isseurs did come from Hesse Hanau. pmies, consisting ot" 342 men and all 
 
 According to Col. Jlainsfurd's " Journal of them trained rifiemen, was in St. 
 
 as Commissary for embarking foreign Leger's Expedition — detailed for that 
 
 troops in the English service for Ger- purpose by Carleton acting under the 
 
 many," three companies of Hanau Chas- orders of Lord Germain, 
 seurs sailed from near Dort, April 16, 
 
PAUSCH'S JOURSfAL. 
 
 '31 
 
 who will take care of them, following the first 
 instructions he received from Montreal. 
 
 "To A/, yl. Capt. Paiischr 
 
 The other order which I received at the same 
 time, was as follows : 
 
 "Dear Sir: 
 
 Lieut. Col. St. Leger is the Commander of an 
 army corps, to which will be attached a body of 
 cavalry, which, they say, are Hessians. These 
 latter are expected to arrive shortly and are to go 
 upon a secret Expedition.' It is therefore neces- 
 sary that two cannon be adde.i to the cavalry on 
 their arrival, as they are ordered to follow the 
 route of Lieut. Col. St. Leger in conformity with 
 the instructions they will receive from him. 
 You will, accordingly, have to give your orders 
 for one officer, two under-officers, and sixteen 
 artillerists of Hesse Hanau, who are to await the 
 arrival of the corps of cavalry, in order to join 
 them and receive the instructions of the com- 
 manding officer. You are also to see to it, that 
 two pieces of Hanau Artillery, with 200 charges 
 of ammunition for each piece, (in the propor- 
 tion of two-thirds round-ball and one-third of 
 cartridges for the Artillery), are provided — also, 
 every thing necessary for repairs on the way. 
 
 • This body of cavalry either did not manded, as no cavalry were with St 
 arrive in time, or the order was counter- Leger in his expedition. 
 
' r 
 
 I'l 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Ml i: 
 
 VS' 
 
 . 
 
 l^ 
 
 13 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 You will, likewise, give the order who is to 
 take charge of the Artillery, and hand it over to 
 the commander of the cavalry on his arrival; 
 and you are also to order twenty-four {24) sol- 
 diers to be attached to the same Artillery, and to 
 provide for every thing which this corps may 
 require.'" 
 
 The army smithey is at St. John's. Two of 
 my ammunition-wagons and all of my cannon, 
 with the rest of the Artillery, are at Montreal. 
 At the same town, also, are the chests of the 
 officers and all the stores of clothing. I left 
 wagon-master Kaiser and an artillery-man in 
 charge. We are using English cannon.^ 
 
 Concerning the Action of the i()th of Sept. 1777, ^^^ 
 Freeman s Farm near Stillwater on the Hudson 
 River. 
 
 Sept. 19th. On the morning of the 19th of 
 September, 1777, the entire army, with th ex- 
 ception of the Regiment oi Hesse- Hanau which 
 formed the rear guard for the protection of the 
 artillery and baggage, began a forward move- 
 
 ' There is no signature to this List Seit, and the 7th )f Octi)ber, 1777. 
 
 letter; and there seems to be some con- This is probably caused — not by the 
 
 fusion, also, in the d.ites of the letters, missing portion having been lost, as may 
 
 as undf r the " 7th," I-'ausch receives a have been the case previously, but by the 
 
 letter d.ited the 8th, I give the icxt 
 however, exactly as it is in the origina 
 
 fact, that the writer had no time to con- 
 tinue the Journal ; as he was continually 
 on the march iVoni this time until those 
 •There is here again a break ni the battles. 
 
 Journal until the icrions of th'! 19th of 
 
 1.^11 
 
PJUSCH'S JOVRNAL. 
 
 m 
 
 ment.' The batteaux, also, followed along the 
 Mudson with the provisions. 
 
 The disposition of the march was the same as 
 on the 17th, viz : in two columns : the one on 
 the right [under Fraser] consisting of the Roval 
 troops, penetrated the mountains and woods 
 roads and paths : the one on the left, took the 
 plains along the Hudson/ Presently, we came 
 across a demolished bridge over a swampy ditch ' 
 After a short halt, during which the bridge was 
 in the least possible time repaired, we rc^sumed 
 our march, which, however, was of brief dura- 
 tion • for in a little while we encountered 
 another demolished bridge, which we also had 
 
 'This advance be^an ("rum "Sword's 
 House." The site of this house is on 
 the south bank of a sprin- brook, about 
 fifty yards west of the Hudson river 
 and a few rods north of tiie south line of 
 the town of Saratoga. It niav be readilv 
 found from being about thirty rodj north 
 of a highway leading from the Hudson 
 rner road westerly, which Jiijiway is the 
 first one nurtli of Wilbur's Basin. This 
 highway was nearly the same at the time 
 of Burgoyne's visit in 1777, as it is now. 
 it IS on land now owned (1886) by a 
 Mr. Chase, about three miles soutli „f 
 Schuylerville. All t.-ces of it are n .w 
 obliterated, save a pile of brick, and i 
 slight depression in the soil where wji 
 the cellar. A sou uf the Sword wli > 
 owned this hou-;-, an i who was born .1; 
 tort George, .Sa;jtoga Co., N'. V, 1,, 
 came a^ book.seiler in New York cuv 
 and his'tablct is still to be seen in Tririr !• 
 Church, New Vork City. Tl^.^e ,; 
 our readers who are interested enouj;h .1 
 
 this subject to follow Pauuh, should con- 
 sult "The Military Journals of Gen. 
 Riedescl, a,w " Burgoyne's Campaign," 
 wnere every step of Burgoyne's progress 
 IS described and annotated in full. 
 
 'There were reaP.y th,,e columns, 
 Haser took the extreme right on a ridge 
 (here spoken of as « the mountains ") ; 
 Burgoyne, the centre; anl the German' 
 under Riede.el- including, of course 
 Fausc^ s Artillery _ the " plains along 
 
 rhe Hudson: 
 
 river-bank. 
 
 i or, more properly, the 
 
 iThis bridge was over the creek thit 
 ia.1 into the Hudson at a place now 
 i.8:S6) called "Wilbur's Basin" M 
 this time it was .juite a Urge stream, 
 but having ..ince been diverted into the 
 CMamplam canal it is at present only a 
 
 i's'Sxl?''- y," '":' '" "'''^h 'his 
 •s (!)iS6j owned by a Mr. Hoag. 
 
 ! 
 
! 
 
 'If 
 
 I 
 
 134 
 
 PJVSCtrS JOURNAL, 
 
 to replace by a new one.' While thus engaged, 
 we heard firing in the direction of our right 
 wing. It was then about one o'clock in the 
 afternoon. At first it was musketry, but soon 
 we heard cannon also. This firing soon at- 
 tracted our attention by its rapid increase ; and 
 Gen. Phillips, who was with our column, hast- 
 ened at once to the right win^ for the purpose 
 of accelerating its march. Soon after he had 
 gone, Gen. Riedesel detailed two companies of 
 the Regiment Rhetz, under command of Capt. 
 Von Friedendorf, to a hill in front and a little to 
 the right of us, which they occupied, at the same 
 time reconnoitring the terrain. 
 
 The picket of our right wing had met the 
 advance-guard of the enemy ; * but the latter 
 being superior in numbers, caused our pickets to 
 fall back under the protection of their advanc- 
 ing column. This incident was the beginning 
 of an engagement, which, in a short time, grew 
 into a stubborn battle. Gen. Riedesel sent one 
 of his adjutants with orders for his own Regi- 
 ment to march with dispatch to the scene of 
 conflict; it being his intention himself to place 
 the men in position. Scarcely had this Regi- 
 
 ' This second bridge was about 1,500 one, from the fact tlut it was thcf*- 
 feet from tlie bridge just mentioned (Wil- ticmc SQutlier'i limit on the river bank, 
 bur's Basin) and fifteen feet north of the reached by Burgoyne's army in hi# ex- 
 first canal bridge south of Wilbur's 15asin. pedition. 
 Its site IS now occupied by the Cham- 
 plain canal. This point is an important ' Under Morgan, 
 
 v. 
 
-1 -___JL- 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOVRNJL. 
 
 ^3S 
 
 ment marched, when another adjutant of the 
 General arrived with the order to send him two 
 cannon. Everything being quiet in front of 
 our left wing, I started with two cannon, am- 
 munition and a cart containing shovels, picks, 
 etc., etc. 
 
 Leaving Lieut. Dufais with the cannon and 
 baggage, and giving him the necessary instruc- 
 tions, I hastened up the hill, where I found the 
 above mentioned regiment. I nlaced my can- 
 non in such a position that I might be enabled 
 to use them advantageously in case of need. 
 The General, before my arrival, had made use 
 of two companies of the Regiment Rhetz for the 
 protection of the right wing of that regiment, by 
 making them construct a hedge of branches and 
 trunks of trees, etc., etc. He also sent Lieut. 
 Reislin, with a small detachment, to a hill in our 
 front, sparsely covered with trees and brushwood, 
 with orders to give timely notice in case the 
 enemy showed signs of occupying it. For this 
 purpose, he was to send out patrols; and in 
 case of being attacked in force, he was to fall 
 back on his regiment. In the mean time, wc 
 were to keep perfectly quiet in our lirst position. 
 
 The General, at the same time, sent a subal- 
 tern, with four men as a patrol, for the purpose of 
 establishing communication with those who 
 were in action, that he might the more easily 
 march to their assistance in case of necessity. 
 
 M 
 
!J 
 
 ■ii 
 
 ; 
 
 u 
 
 :!lill 
 
 136 
 
 PJVSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ! I 
 
 The first not returning, he sent a second and 
 again a third in rapid succession, fearing that the 
 first patrol might either have lost its way or 
 been destroyed. 
 
 The firing seemed to draw nearer ; from 
 which one might infer that our right wing was 
 retreating. Accordingly, without waiting longer 
 for the report of the patrols, which had not yet 
 come back, we left our position^ and marched for 
 about a quarter of an hour in the direction of 
 the firing. We then formed in line of battle, I 
 placing the two cannon in the road which led 
 into the woods. The fences, which lay to my 
 left, I had already quickly thrown down in 
 order that the enemy, on his approach, might 
 not hide behind them. This was our second 
 position. 
 
 Meanwhile, Major von Geismar, who was yet 
 on the staff of Gen. Riedesel, was sent by the 
 latter to see if there was any possibility of reach- 
 ing Gen. Burgoyne and informing him that he 
 stood here in readiness with his own Regiment, 
 two companies of the Regiment Rhetz and two 
 6 pound cannon, and that he was only waiting for 
 orders to reinforce him. In the meantime, the 
 patrols returned one after the other. The second 
 patrol having reported that the communication 
 between us and the troops in action was open, 
 the General [Riedesel | marched at once toward 
 the right. 
 
 i 
 
mmmm 
 
 wmm 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 
 
 137 
 
 ^ He choose this way, in order to make a divi- 
 sion on the right flank of the enemy. He also 
 ordered the march to be beaten on the drums 
 which caused the men to cheer repeatedl/ 
 After descending the hill we met von Geismar 
 on his return with orders from Gen. Burgovne 
 directing Gen. Riedescl to attack the enemy on 
 their right flank, aiid, if possible, to follow them 
 up. Ihis, nowever, we were prevented from 
 domg both by the woods and the swamps behind 
 which the enemy were hidden. I was also to 
 go to the right wing of the 21st English regi- 
 ment. ^ ^ 
 
 My wagon-master, who was now well mounted 
 was sent ahead to find a way through a corn- 
 iield, that we might avoid the ditches and 
 swamps and not get stuck in them. 
 
 Under a showei of the enen.y's bullets, I 
 safely reached the hill just as the 21st and oth 
 Kegiments were about to abandon it. Neverthe- 
 less, I continued to drag my two cannon up the 
 hill, while Gen. Phillips exhorted the English 
 Regiments, and the officers their men, to face 
 the enemy. English captains and other officers 
 and privates and also the Brunswick Chasseurs 
 which happened to be detailed here, grasped the 
 ropes. The entire line of these regiments faced 
 about, and by this faithful assistance, my cannon 
 were soon on top of the hill. I had shells 
 18 
 
 i 
 
 
 UBII 
 
11 
 
 
 » ■ 
 
 1 f| 
 
 I 
 
 138 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURMJL. 
 
 brought up and placed by the side of the cannon ; 
 and as soon as I got the range, I fired twelve 
 or fourteen shots in quick succession into the foe 
 who were within good pistol shot distance.' 
 
 The firing from muskets was at once renewed, 
 and assumed lively proportions particularly the 
 platoon fire from the left wing of Riedesel. 
 Presently, the enemy's fire, though very lively at 
 one ♦'ime, suddenly ceased. I advanced about 
 sixty paces sending a few shells after the flying 
 enemy, and firing from twelve to fifteen shots 
 more into the woods into which they had re- 
 treated. Everything then became quiet ; and 
 about fifteen minutes afterwards darkness set in.* 
 
 ' Gen. Riedes*! in his memoirs, pays 
 t'le following tribute to Paiisch at this 
 critical period of the action. He says : 
 " when Gen. Riedesel arrived at the 
 eminence [the hill up which Pausch also 
 had clain'uered] the battle was raging tiie 
 fiercest. The Americans, far superior in 
 numbers, had for the sixth time, hurled 
 fresh troopj against the zoth, 21st and 
 62d Enij. regiments. Tlie guns of this 
 win'^ wertf already silenced, there being 
 no more ammunition and all the artillery 
 men having been either liilled or wounded 
 * * * Meanwhile, Captain Pausch. 
 arrived with his ijuns at the right 
 moment, and forming into line with the 
 r.nglish, opened fire with gr.ipc shot. 
 The Regiment Riedesel alio arrived at 
 the nick of time, and joining the two 
 comp.inics on the ditch [/. e. those from 
 the Regiment of Rhetz already sent for- 
 ward] considerably extended the line of 
 fire." 
 
 •There can be no question that the 
 day w»i saved to the English or rather 
 
 thht they were kept from a most disas- 
 trous defeat, solely by the timely arrival 
 of Riedesel with his men and the cannon 
 of Pausch Eraser, who was a witness of 
 this, in a journal circular to all the Eng- 
 lish Generals, gave the fullest acknowl- 
 edgments to the German troops : and yet 
 Stedman — considered by many and 
 among them the deservedly high au- 
 thority, Gen. de Peyster — par ex- 
 cellence the most accurate historian on 
 the British side, could falsify history by 
 closing an account of this action as fol- 
 lows : •* The German troops, in conse- 
 quence of their position the leaving of 
 which was not considered advisable, did 
 not take a great part in this engagement. 
 After the beginning of this action. Gen. 
 Phillips made his way through the dense 
 woods, a proceeding that was of great 
 advantage." 
 
 And in still further confirmation of 
 the substantial aid given to the British 
 at a very critical time, I received just after 
 penning the above paragraph, aletter from 
 my friend Mr. Jno. J. Dalgleish, F. S. A. 
 
uuiujllviwilKRsm^nMMM^Rg;!!^ 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ^S9 
 
 I now replaced my ammunition from that of 
 the English wagons at the foot of the hill. The 
 loss of the Royal Artillery in to day's action was 
 
 of Ediaburgh, Scotland, enclosing an ex- 
 tract from a MS. Journal kept by his 
 Grandfather, Lieut. John D.ilgleish of 
 the 2ist Regiment, during the campaign 
 of Burgoyne. Speaking of the writer of 
 this Journal, Mr. Dalgleish says : 
 
 " My Grandfather whn had previously 
 been in the old Scotch Brigade in Hol- 
 land, left that service finding there was 
 neither work to do nor promotion to be 
 had by that time in that once famous 
 corpi, and joined in 1776, the aist North 
 British Fuzileersof the British Army and 
 had the misfortune to be one of those 
 who surrendered with Burgoyne on 18 
 Oct., 1777. I was always aware that he 
 had served in America, but my Father 
 who was a reticent man never used to 
 refer to the subject, and I had not unfor- 
 tunately during his life the curiosity to 
 speak with him, on the subject. (My 
 Grandfather died— in 1829— before my 
 birth, after attaining the command of 
 his regiment in which he served in the 
 West Indies, and from which retired in 
 1797.) My grandfather's military ser- 
 vant, who had followed him from the 
 Dutch Brigade was killed on 19 Sept., 
 1777 in the battle." 
 Extract from Lieut. Dalgleish's 
 Journal. 
 " Arrived at Quebec the 8th of June 
 and landed a day or two afterwards : re- 
 mained there doing garrison duty along 
 with the other additional companies until 
 the 1 2th of August when we were 
 ordered to march to join the army. 
 After a long march, with a sailing over 
 the lakes, we joined the army vinder the 
 command of Lt. Gen. Burgoyne the 
 3d September at Fort Edward, remained 
 8 or 10 days, came up with the enemy 
 the 19th instant at Freeman's Farm'. 
 Our picket engaged the above till one 
 
 o'clock and were repulsed upon [which .'J 
 the advanced corps went up and beat the 
 E of the ground : about z [o'clock] the 
 2 1st and 62d Regts., were ordered up as the 
 enemy h«d got a reinforcement and had 
 returned to the charge. Sometime after- 
 wards the loth Regt. was ordered in 
 (mistake) up to support the two former. 
 The engagement continued very hot 
 until about sunset when the Germans 
 came up, upon which the enemy were 
 glad to get off in the dusk in evening 
 and left us masters of the field of battle : 
 next day part encamped on the above men- 
 tioned ground and the other on the left 
 of that. Remained there until on the 
 8th of October [AV. The Battle was 
 on the 7th] a strong party was sent 
 out to try if a hill [The hill or ridge 
 from the top of which Muryan rushed 
 down with his men and flanked the 
 troops of Gen. Eraser and Lord Bal- 
 carias. See Stone's £uri^oyr:e's Cam- 
 paign.l to our right and south could 
 not command the enemy's camp We 
 were obliged to retire into our c.imp 
 again. Began our retreat same night 
 and came to the rising grounds round 
 the Hospital where remained all next 
 day. There were several shots ex- 
 changed on both tides. 9th. at night 
 continued our retreat to Saratoga, i ith. 
 Entrenched ourselves there. A conven- 
 tion proposed on 15th or i6th and 
 agreed to the 17th same month and 
 signed by both parties, /. <•., by Gcu, 
 Burgoyne and Mr. Gates the Genl. 
 We began our march the 18th, for Cam- 
 bridge and arrived there i8th of No- 
 vember. Sept 2d (1778) still in this 
 situation and ordered to Rutland : ar- 
 rived here [there ?] the 4th instant. 
 Nov. II, 1778 was ordered to marcli for 
 Charlottesville in Virginia a march of" 600 
 
smwmx^mmnmm 
 
 11! 
 
 I 
 
 14.0 
 
 PAUSCH*S JOURNAL. 
 
 very severe. One,- Capt. Johns, was mortally 
 wounded and died the next morning. 
 
 Brigade Major, Capt. Bloomfield, received a 
 shot through the cheek under the tongue.* 
 Nearly all the rest of Gen. Phillip's adjutants 
 were wounded; also some of Gen. Burgoyne's 
 adjutants. Over thirty men of the Royal Artil- 
 lery are either dead or wounded (among them 
 not one under 10 inches,') all of them fine look- 
 ing men. A numher of them, also, died on the 
 field of battle, who measured 11 to 12 inches. 
 Some are still alive ; others dead. 
 
 I am the only cne in the detachment, of all 
 my fellow officers, who was so fortunate as not 
 even to have a horse either killed or wounded — 
 
 miles. We .iriived here at Charlottesville 
 (in Albemaile county) tlie Jan. 1779. 
 Remained tliere untilthe aj Nov., 1780, 
 when we niaiched into iV'iaryland and 
 that day several of the olii^ers J"a word 
 Jlegible] tncy were exch.uigeil, ot uliith 
 •appy number! was one .md arrived safe 
 1 New York the l6t*! Dtcenibcr, 
 780." 
 
 The following was found among the 
 papers of the writer of the above by liis 
 grandson : 
 
 " I do certify that Lieutenant Dal- 
 gleish of the aist Regt., was regularly 
 Exchanged for Lieutenant Joshua Bian- 
 aj^ of the Connecticut Militia at New 
 York the 3d day of November 1780. 
 (Signed) 
 
 Jos. LORINC. 
 
 " Com. Gen/. I'lisrs. 
 "To whom it may concern." 
 
 - Mrs. Ricdesel thus speaks of Bluom- 
 ficM's wound : *' I undertook the care of 
 Major Bloomfield, Adj. ot Gen. Phillips, 
 through both of whose clieeks a small 
 musket b.ill had passed, shattering his 
 teetii and gr.izmg his tongue. He could 
 hoiii nothing whatever in his mouth. The 
 matter from the wound almost choked 
 him, and he was unible to take any other 
 nouiishmcnt, except a little broth. We 
 had Rhine wine. I gave him a l>ottle of 
 it, in hopes that the acidity ot the wine 
 would cleanse his wound. He kept 
 soms continually in his moutli ; and 
 that akne acted so bcnehcially that he 
 became cured, and I again acquired one 
 more friend. Thus, in the midst of 
 my hours of my caie and buttering, I de- 
 rived a joyful satisfaction which made me 
 very ii.ippy." For a sketch of Bloom- 
 field see note ante. 
 
 'Jones, Pausch's old friend. See 3 /'. ?. 5 feet, 10 inches. 
 note on page 79. 
 
 31^: 
 
■OS 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 141 
 
 to say nothing of not having a man wounded 
 and only a trifling loss of a i^v^ knapsacks con- 
 taining some small articles of clothing. 
 
 The losses on our side are very considerable 
 for the reason that the enemy, during the whole 
 engagement which lasted half an hour, continu- 
 ally brought up fresh brigades, and thus had a 
 constant supply of iicsh men. The enemy are 
 reported to have num )ered from 8 to 9,000 men 
 It was impossible to discover the enemy's losses 
 on the battle-field, as each retiring brigade is 
 said to have taken with it, its dead and wounded 
 An exception to this, however, was the last one 
 on the field. This brigade could not be relieved 
 and, consequently, was obliged to leave its dead 
 and wounded in the woods in front of our right 
 wing. Our small party of Indians had a fine 
 time the next morning in plundering and (ac- 
 cording to their wretched custom) scalping them. 
 
 With the approaching night, we received 
 orders to fall back and camp in a piece of woods 
 in our rear, near a road which leads from the 
 Hudson to Freeman's house and farm, where 
 to-day's engagement took place.' I was to en- 
 camp between the 9th and 21st Regiments. 
 1 he whole army bivouacked ; and as I passed the 
 place where Gen. Phillips was stationed, he de- 
 
 'The locality thus designated yet re- and is owned and otcui^ied ^iSSfi\ K„ 
 ta.n, the name of .'Freeman's Farm." farmer of the name ;r>S)miaL;'S.ond! 
 
:i 
 
 f I 
 
 li 
 
 m 
 
 Si 
 
 1 1:1 
 
 ¥ 
 
 i- 
 
 142 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 sired to know what artillery brigade was going 
 by ? I replied that it was a detachment of my 
 own ; whereupon I immediately received his 
 compliments, together with expressions of his 
 personal satisfaction in regard to the action of 
 to-day. 
 
 Gen. Adj. Capt. Clark,' received similar assur- 
 ances from his Excellency, Gen. Burgoyne, the 
 same evening ; and the following morning, I re- 
 ceived, through Gen. von Riedesel, the same 
 marks of satisfaction, in regard to myself and 
 men, from Gen. Burgoyne. This I faithfully 
 communicated to my detachment, announcing it 
 to the oldest and the youngest. 
 
 I cannot pass unnoticed the excellent and in- 
 trepid courage, as well as the indefatigable labor 
 of the two artillerymen Hausmann and Miiller ; 
 also a wagon -master Ziglamm. The latter, 
 although it was not his duty, not only stood the 
 fire without flinching, but helped to unload the 
 carts, which stood fifteen paces in the rear, that 
 there might be no lack of ammunition. Under 
 a shower of ballets he reconnoitred the road on 
 our march up the hill; and, as the cannon had to 
 be drawn mostly by men, he continually sought 
 for opportunities where horses could be used to 
 advantage. The only one who lagged behind, 
 
 ' Sir Francis Gierke. This mistake written C/ari. He was killed in the 
 probably arose from the fact that the action of the 7th Oct. 
 English pronounce the name Gierke as if 
 
PAVSCirS JOURNJL. 
 
 H3 
 
 was the celebrated wagon army surgeon, and, 
 perhaps, formerly mountebank' and charletan' 
 Unger -— I suppose he has been all this ere now • 
 for he has constantly '*your Excellency," "Your 
 Grace, etc., etc., on his tongue. He is a " bad 
 egg"— such as could scarcely be again found in 
 the whole Roman empire. He discovered a 
 safe place and stayed behind with his bundles of 
 bandages and lint. He also found a drum, and, 
 m company with some English drummers, got 
 as drunk as a beast. 
 
 The position, so dearly bought, was occupied 
 according to command. Every body remained 
 under arms during the night, but not another 
 shot was heard.' 
 
 20th. The next morning all the wounded 
 were carried from the battle-field on provision 
 and Infantry ammunition wagons, past us to a 
 hospital on the Hudson, consisting of tents and 
 former stables. I wish they had been taken by 
 some other route; for it is ;an unpleasant sight 
 for all soldiers, causing, as it does, reflec- 
 tion, and awakening in them timidity and even 
 fear of the future.^ There are daily about 
 twenty or more deaths. 
 
 ' "The Britiih and German troops challenging of the sentriei " 
 
 bivouacked on the battle-field, the Bruns- - - ■ 
 
 wickers composing in part the right 
 wing. It was a silent night. No other 
 
 sounds were heard except the groaning „., ..._,, — ,, wnen, m 
 
 and sighmg of the wounded, and the speaking of affairs in the British camp 
 
 - - " Tht 
 
 German Auxiliary troopi in Amirica.'" 
 
 ' It is to this same incident, undoubt- 
 :dly that Anburey refers, when, in 
 

 144- 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ^■Jk 
 
 ■X I 
 
 S ' 
 
 Im 
 
 The dead were buried on the field of battle, 
 instead of on the hill, because breast-works were 
 thrown up there.' Our good and earnest army- 
 surgeon, Heidelbach, (whom Counsellor Schultze 
 recommended to the service of our Prince and 
 for which we cannot be too grateful) came early 
 this morning to me, kindly hoping to be of 
 assistance to our wounded if we had any. But 
 thanks be to God, I had not one man with the 
 least complaint. From here he went to the 
 battle-field, where the last massacre had taken 
 place. On his return, he told me that behind 
 the enclosure to the right he had seen over fifty 
 dead bodies, but was prevented from going fur- 
 ther by a fellow whom he saw leveling a gun at 
 him. He thought it best, therefore, to leave. 
 Shortly after, a few Englishmen and Germans 
 came over to my quarters, who stated that they 
 had counted about 250 dead and living, but 
 badly wounded, enemies. They, however were 
 
 just after the action of the 19th, he says : 
 "This f'licndly office to the dead, though 
 it greatly affects the feelings, was noth- 
 ing to the scene in bringing in the 
 wounded: the one were past all pain, 
 the other in the most excruciating tor- 
 ments, sending forth dread/ul groans. 
 They had remained out all night, and 
 from the loss of blooJ and want of nour- 
 ishment, were upon the point of expiring 
 with faintness ; some of them begged 
 they might lay and die, others again were 
 insensible ; lome upon the least move- 
 ment were put in the most horrid tor- 
 tures, all had near a mile to be conveyed 
 
 to the hospitals ; others at their last 
 gasp, who for want of our timely assist- 
 ance must have inevitably expired. 
 These poor creatures, perishing with cold, 
 and weltering in their blood, displayed 
 such a scene, it must be a heart of 
 adamant that could not be affected by it, 
 even to a degree of weakness." 
 
 ' The dead were not all buried, since, 
 as we are told by Anburey who was there 
 the first two nights after the action wer 
 rendered hideous by the howls of larg 
 packs of wolves that were attracted by 
 the unburied bodies of the slain. 
 
 ;.'S 
 
pjc/scirs youRNJL. 
 
 ^^5 
 
 unable to go farther having been several times 
 shot at. 
 
 This afternoon, the whole army is to turn out 
 in a body. In consequence of an order I re- 
 ceived, I sought the left wing of the German 
 Division, where I found Lieut. Dufais encamped 
 with two other cannon, which were silent during 
 yesterday's action. I now posted my brigade 
 according to my best judgment on this mount, 
 and then encamped with the entire company on 
 a line close behind my two cannon. My brigade 
 consists, at present, of only two 6 pounders 
 under my command on the left wing of the 
 army. Two more 6 pounders are detailed for 
 the use of the Brunswick Grenadier Battalion von 
 Breymann, which, with the Chasseur Battalion 
 and the compiny of Yagers (that is, what is left 
 of It) under command of Lieut. Gen. von Brey- 
 mann covers the right flank of the army and is 
 called the "corps Breymann." We are now 
 encamped on Freeman's Farm near Stillwater 
 At Stillwater stands the hostile army consisting 
 It IS said, of i2,ooo men in an entrenched camp 
 fenced in by an abattis, and occupying a very ad- 
 vantageous and strong position.^ The right 
 
 • The traces of Breymann'. intrench- however, is a misnomer. Froperly it is 
 
 meats are yet to be seen very plainly. Brkymann's H.li.. It was at the no h 
 
 They he about twenty rod^ north- we.t of west corner of this emi«ence th t Arnlld 
 
 Mr. Esmond s farm-house The place is was wounded in the action of Oct 7th 
 
 a rocky mound, considerably elevalcl by ' 
 
 nature, and is known by the farmers in 'Selected and fortified by Kosciusko 
 
 the vicinity as " Burgoyne's Hill." This ^ 'vosciusKo. 
 
 19 
 
mRPiHi 
 
 1 
 
 1 '' 
 
 ill. 
 
 146 
 
 P/IVSCWS JOURNAL. 
 
 wing, resting on a mountain, has the Hudson for 
 an appagement^ and is thus protected by it. The 
 adjacent, though not large pl:\in, and also the 
 road to Albany, are defended by strong detach- 
 ments as far as the river. In the thickets, in 
 the overgrown gorges, and in the ravines at the 
 foot of the mountain, are also strong detach- 
 ments which compose their pickets and senti- 
 nels. By means of these pickets and sentinels 
 they throw out their outposts, as it were, in a line, 
 and from which, also, they send out their 
 patrols. One can see nothing of their camp or 
 entrenchments owing to the dense forests which 
 hide them. The left wing of the enemy, ac- 
 cording to report, reaches far beyond our right 
 wing and outnumbers it. They are said to be 
 encamped behind thick woods in an abattis and 
 a fortified camp. It is .also said that every day 
 and every hour their numbers arc augmented by 
 the arrival of militia from the adjoining pro- 
 vinces. According to the statements of deserters, 
 they number over 12,000. 
 
 The left wing of our army, under Gen. Ried- 
 esel, rests on a mou.icain opposite the right 
 wing of the enemy, and is also in a forest. My 
 lour 6 pounders, to the left but ^\\ the side of 
 the hill, are there for the protection of Capt. 
 Schachten of the Grenadier Company of the 
 Hesse- llanau Regiment. Contiguous to the 
 left wing of the army one officer and fifty men 
 
 1^ 
 
ivimp 
 
 hmri 
 
 31 
 
 9Sl 
 
 PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. j.y 
 
 of the Regiment Hanau are stationed close to 
 the Hudson on the plain, in front of a brid<(e on 
 the road to Albany' behind a little Tete dc pont. 
 Five to six hundred paces further on and in front 
 of a house, a subaltern and ten men are like- 
 wise stationed. This forms, as it were, a chain 
 from our pickets to the Hudson. 
 
 Behind our left wing, down on the plain 
 which borders the river) stands the Park of our 
 leavy Artillery, our ammunition, provision and 
 baggage train, and our hospital and batteaux, 
 together with a few companies of the 47th Eng. 
 Reg. — partly in a fortified caaip, partly not. 
 
 Between our left wing and the enemy's right 
 are a swamp and a very deep ravine, covered 
 with heavy bushes and trees, which begins at my 
 post (where are the Regiments Rhetz, Specht 
 and Riedesel), and extends to a point where the 
 ravine is not so deep; and thence to an eminence, 
 thus surrounding a few English regiments, to- 
 wards the right. Our army is thus encamped 
 according to the natural formation of the land. 
 Farther to the right, and across a valley or 
 ravine which divides our line, begins the English 
 camp. This extends farther to the right, in 
 front of a piece of woods, and through a large 
 field of Indian corn to Freeman's house. On the 
 height occupied on the 19th of Sept , Brig. Gen. 
 Eraser is encamped, who, with the English 
 Grenadiers and the Light Infantry, forms the 
 
148 
 
 PJUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 
 ft =1 
 
 
 \ I 
 
 ; 
 
 right wing. At a pretty fair distance from 
 Fraser is stationed Lieut. Col. von Breymann 
 with his Battalion of Grenadiers, the Battalion of 
 Barner, and the company of Yagers in front of 
 whom are encamped the Indian, Canadian and 
 Albanian volunteers who have their outposts in 
 front of the whole of this part of the line.' 
 
 Altogether, including English and Germans, 
 our army (prima plana) numbers 5,000 men, ex- 
 clusive of the few Indians (the most of whom 
 strayed away and returned to their huts), and ex- 
 clusive, also, of the garrisons left at Carillon, St. 
 John, Chambly, [Montreal and the whole of 
 Canada. Theso garrisons number at the most 
 4,000 men. 
 
 2ist. There was an alarm this morning among 
 the men who were chopping trees in the woods 
 for the purpose both of making a clearing in 
 front of the army, and of opening up a commu- 
 nication between the pickets and outposts. It is 
 very evident that we are exceedingly near the 
 enmy's camp, for we can hear their drums dis- 
 tinctly. To-day they iired salutes of thirteen to 
 fourteen guns, and we could repeatedly hear their 
 joyful exclamation ** Hurrah ! Hurrah ! ! " The 
 cause of their celebrating this festival is at present 
 unknown to us. 
 
 •The Albanians, however, did not aad Sept. — See Gen. Riedesel, vol. I 
 reach Burgoyne until two days later, the page 1 54. 
 
PJUSCirS JOURNJL. 
 
 149 
 
 '■ V. 
 
 The position of our left wing was finished to- 
 day, and the tents were properly pitched a 
 
 sure indication that henceforth our march will 
 be slower, and that a very hot day [a battle] may 
 be expected. 
 
 This night a bridge was built with our bat- 
 teaux across the Hudson; and on the opposite 
 bank a beginning was made on a Tete de Pont.' 
 
 22d, This morning, the pickets of the Regi- 
 ment Riedesel brought in a prisoner who stated 
 that the firing of yesterday in their camp was 
 caused by a report that the Americans had re- 
 taken Carillon/ A^. B. This can be nothing but 
 a lie. 
 
 ' Anbury in his travels, in his picture 
 of the buriil of Gen. Fraser, gives a very 
 fine view of this Tete di Pont mentioned 
 by Pausch. The reader will find in 
 Lossing's Field Book of the American Re-v- 
 olutioii, a reduced copy of this print. 
 
 ' The origin of this report was the suc- 
 cessful raid by Lt. Col. Brown, who four 
 days previously, on the 18th, had surprised 
 the outposts of Ticonderoga [Carillon], 
 set free 100 American prisoners, captured 
 four companies of Regulars, a quantif or 
 stores and cannon, and destroyed a large 
 quantity of boats and an armed si 
 
 1 am enabled to throw new ligi pon 
 this raid of Col. Brown, at lenst from a 
 British stand-point, by the courtesy of 
 Mr. J. H. Durham of Cape Vincent, 
 N. Y., who has sent nie the following 
 letter — the original of which he owns 
 and which is now for the first time 
 printed. Mr. Durham " writes that the 
 party to whom this letter was addressed 
 was a clerk of Col. Christie, Quarter 
 Master Genl to hia Majesty's forces in 
 
 America, but, who, not liking the mili- 
 tary work became a trader's clerk at 
 Niagaia. The writer of the letter, came 
 over in the same vessel with Goring. 
 1 have the original orders of Col. Christie 
 assigning both men to vessels." 
 
 The letter is as follows : 
 Caklkton Island, March l^th, :jja. 
 
 Sir : Very agreeably I received your 
 letter dated Dec. ist, which did afford me 
 great satisfaction to hear of your agreeable 
 situation. About a month before I left 
 you I was made a Master Surveyor at the 
 pay of 4 stg. per day and remain at that 
 pay still. 
 
 I have surmounted many difficulties 
 along witii Gcii. Burgoycn, [j;V] but es- 
 caped being a Conveiitioner by being on 
 the top of a high hill close to Tyconderoga 
 where with 72 Artificiers I was riseing a 
 Korlificalion on purpose to secure Gen. 
 Uurgoyen's retreat it he was obl'd to re- 
 treat; but the unfortunate Gen. Burgoyen 
 never could retreat so far s.uppose he 
 [had] tryed it. But [he] was surrounded ; 
 
 i • 
 
1 
 
 tf' 
 
 * 
 
 ii 
 
 
 ii.. 
 
 ! 
 
 
 fl^ 
 
 
 l^> 
 
 III 
 
 150 
 
 PAUSCirS JOURNAL. 
 
 23d. This morning, also, a man arrived here 
 who represented himself as a messenger from 
 
 no sooner had they surrounded the British 
 army than a detachment of 1500 of the 
 Rebellious Crew came back to Tycon- 
 deruga to retake it. Accordingly, their first 
 attack was upon me on top of the mount 
 [Mount Defiance] of which they took 
 and killed every man of us but 9 of 
 which my brother and myself were two ; 
 after a retreat almost incredible to believe 
 without you was to see the Precipes [pre- 
 cipice] and when we came to the water 
 tide our difficulty was to get over to 
 Tyconderoga but fortunately I saw an 
 old Battoux which we all got into but [it] 
 
 TiCONDEROGA IN 1 777 
 
 was so leaky that she was like to sink 
 witli us, but we kept bailing her out with 
 hats and caps the best way that we could. 
 \Vc iud no oars but the thorts [thwarts] 
 of the boat that we paddled with. In 
 this condition did I make Tyconderoga 
 all tore amost to pieces. I lost all my 
 clothes Sc 40 gineas [guineas] which I 
 had in my purse which I lost in the 
 retreate by a stump that tore my Breeches 
 and thy [thigh]. In short I lost above loo 
 pounds that morning for it was about one 
 o'clock when I was surprised. As soon 
 at Gen. Powell saw my condition for he 
 
 
 
'TT^S^^ 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 151 
 
 Gen. Clinton to Gen. Burgoyne. He was first 
 taken before Gen. Riedesel, who at once sent 
 him to the Head-quarters of Gen. Burgoyne, 
 which was in the rear of that of Gen. Riedesel.' 
 
 was Commanding Officer he clothed me 
 and all my few people that was with me 
 as some of us was half naked as we was 
 asleep when the Cowardly Villians sur- 
 prised us. Gen. Powell commended my 
 Conduct much in regard to my desperate 
 Retreate and he gave me 20 more Car- 
 penters and ordered me immediately to 
 rise platforms that he might be enabled 
 to mount more Cannon, and before 6 
 o'clock that very night I had 16 pieces 
 of Cannon [mounted] The Rebels keeped 
 a Constant tire on me from the woods 
 with small Arms and wounded several of 
 my covering party but never touched me 
 nor any of the Carpenters. A.bout 8 
 o'clock the Rebels sent in a Flagg of 
 truse to us but Gen. Powell would not see 
 [it] and ordered us to fire on tliem which 
 we did and out of 5 killed 3, about 10 
 o'clock they attacked us but we always 
 drove them off with loss ol men. This 
 way did they lay seige to us for five days, 
 then they broke up the seige and went 
 against Diamond Island ["Lossing's Field 
 Book Rev., " Vol. i, p. 1 14] where they 
 were totally beat, a few days after we had 
 the newsof Genl. Burgoyens Army being 
 Prisoners and about 3 weekes after Genl. 
 Carleton sent orders up to Genl. Pjwell 
 to burn up Tyconderoga to the ground 
 and return to Canada with his men which 
 he did. I came to St. Johns to my for- 
 mer station. Last Fall I came to tiiis place 
 along with the Commanding Knginecr 
 Lieut. Wilm. Twiss [lb. page 134] 
 who is my friend. 1 am in a very 
 good place and have made several fii-mls 
 to myself by my sobriety and attention to 
 my duty. I have keppit my health in tliis 
 country very well. You wanted to know 
 where the Bakers were, Gallowey is 
 married, and is baker at the Isle of Oxe 
 
 Noxe l^ux Noix] a little above St. 
 Johns; Mahon is still at St. Johns Mas- 
 ter baker there and both of them doing 
 very well. Baxter is a Foreman at St. 
 Johns and is very well; Loggan in- 
 sisted upon his discharge but whether he 
 went any further than Quebec is more 
 than I can tell ; he got his discharge a few 
 days before I come here. This Garrison 
 IS very near finished and I may venture 
 [to say] is the strongest post in North 
 America. I hope it will be an honor to 
 our Engineer and a credit to the other 
 Master Carpenters and me, and every 
 Artificier conserned in building of it. 
 The commanding Offir. of this place has 
 quarrelled with every officer in this place 
 except Mr. Baker, Capt. Anderson, and 
 Gill the doctor, so that no officer will 
 speak to liim. I return you my heartr 
 thanks for your usefull and generous pre- 
 sent of Potatoes and [you may] depend if 
 It ever lays in my power to serve you I 
 will, I hope you will write me at soon 
 as possible and will much ol.lidge your 
 most 
 
 Ob't Humble Serv't, 
 JOHN CLONES, 
 Clerk and Foreman. 
 To Mr. Goring. 
 
 ' Pauschis corroborated by the Bruns- 
 ■zvick 'Jounui/, which states that «' Bur- 
 goyne camped between the English and 
 the German troops of Riedesel on the 
 heights at the lelt wing." This state- 
 ment, moreover, receives additional con- 
 firmation in the following incident. On 
 one of my vis'ts to the Battleground I 
 pointed out to Mr. Wilbur (on whose 
 land we were then standing), the place 
 designated by the Brunswick Journal as 
 Burgoyne's head-quarters. "That" 
 
 ' 
 
 t i 
 
 il 
 
m 
 
 '1 
 
 \m 
 
 '! 
 
 |. ! 
 
 152 
 
 PAVSCirS JOURNJL. 
 
 In the morning, between three and four 
 o'clock, several cannon-shots were heard. It is 
 not yet known whether they were signals made 
 by Gen. Clinton's corps which was to arrive 
 from Gen. Howe's army, or by Col. St. Leger's 
 troops, who were expected to cross Lake Cham- 
 plain or St. George and with whom it was ex- 
 pected would be our Yager Battalion of Hanau. 
 
 24th. To-day, the Tete de Pont,^ on the oppo- 
 site side of the river, was completed. Everything 
 remained quiet between the two armies. An 
 entrenchment of newly felled trees laid on top 
 of each other has been made. The battery for 
 the cannon and howitzers is placed on the hill ; 
 and the openings between the trees are filled in 
 with earth. On the outside, too, earth is thrown 
 over them. 
 
 The unpleasant, and, in the present situation, 
 detrimental news is confirmed, viz : that Col. 
 St. Leger, with his light corps of expedition up 
 the River Mohawk and its territory, had to 
 abandon it in consequence of the superior forces 
 of the enemy and the lack of provisions, and 
 retreat to Oswego. We also learn that he had 
 to recross Lake Ontario and the river St. Law- 
 rence as far as Montreal. We look for him now 
 
 exclaimed Mr. Wilbur, *' explains what to find great quantities oi old gin and 
 
 I have often wondered at." He then wine bottles, and that, until now, he had 
 
 stated that when he first plowed up often been puzzled to know " how on 
 
 that particular spot, he was accustomed earth those bottles came there ! " 
 

 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 153 
 
 with great interest by way of Lakes Champlain 
 and St. George. This v/ill be an astonishing 
 march. I wish to both armies great patience 
 and pacific inclinations : for during that time' one 
 army can beat the other; make prisoners in 
 turn ; and even eat each other ! This news is 
 only whispered, not spoken. 
 
 It is also surmised, that the news of this ill- 
 fated expedition of Col. St. Leger's corps has 
 been known here for some time past, because a 
 small and trusted detachment from our army 
 was sent back incognito to bury a small number 
 of batteaux and to " hill " them like graves of dead 
 soldiers, that they might not be discovered by the 
 enemy.* ^ 
 
 'While St. Leger is making his march, 
 
 •Intended for the use of Col. St. Lcgcr. 
 It is rather remarkable, indeed, how thia 
 singular bit of history regarding the burial 
 of the boats \% corroborated so frequently. 
 
 Upon the raising of the siege of Fort 
 Schuyler, or Fort Stanwix, as the public 
 always preferred calling it, St. Ljger 
 hastened with his scattered forces back to 
 Oswego, and thence to Montreal. From 
 that post he proceeded to Lake Champlain 
 passing up the same to Ticondero^'a for 
 the purpose of joining the army of Bur- 
 goyne. While neither himself nor Sir 
 John carried this intention out, some of 
 their officers did, as will be seen by re- 
 ferring to &> John Johnson's Orderly 
 Book. It is, however, very certain 
 that St. Leger fully intended to join 
 Burgoyne. Thus Gen. Burgoyne, in 
 a secret and confidential letter to Gen. 
 Riedesel under date of Sept. lo, 1777, 
 writes as follows «« » * I have, my dear 
 
 20 
 
 general, to intrust a little matter to your 
 care during your stay at Fort Edward 
 I desire to have two batteaux with their 
 oars, buried as quietly as possible. It 
 would also, be well to shovel earth upon 
 them ; and to give them still more the 
 appaarjnce of graves, a cross might be 
 placed upon each hillock. All this must 
 be done in the night, and only by trust- 
 worthy soldiers. The teamsters cannot 
 be relied on. The use for which these 
 batteaux are intended, is to help Lieut. 
 Col. St. Leger in crossing the river, in 
 case of circumstances forcing him to 
 march without his ships. This officer 
 has been forced by the bad conduct of 
 the Indians, to retreat on the road to 
 Oswego. He has however, accom- 
 plished this without loss, and is now 
 on his march to the army. I have sent 
 him orders as to the necessary measures 
 of precaution he is to take upon arriving 
 on the island at the lower end of Lake 
 George. If he finds that the enemy 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 1! I 
 
 ■ 1' i 
 
 1 ; I 
 
 I Ml 
 
 "I :i! 
 
 Ht 
 
 ui 
 

 !■ J r 
 
 lit 
 
 h^^ 
 
 154 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 All communication between us and Forts St. 
 George and Carillon is cut off; and our front is 
 therefore better protected than our rear." This 
 morning the advance-guard of our non-commis- 
 sioned officers of the Regiment Hanau, on the 
 Albany road down by the Hudson, was aroused 
 by a hostile patrol, but without any loss on 
 either side. With this exception all was quiet 
 on both sides. 
 
 25th. Early this morning, shortly after 2 
 o'clock, the above mentioned post of subalterns 
 was again attacked by the enemy's patrol, three 
 
 are not in the vicinity of the road 
 leading to the army, and he can keep 
 the march of twenty-four men a secret, 
 he is to cross the river near Fort lidvvard, 
 at the same time notifying me in advance 
 of his movement, that I may be able to 
 facilitate it from mv side. I.h"'"' '^rXi. 
 liliii wijtre ne will find the batteaux, viz. 
 inside of Fr^rt Edward. I have given 
 orders to Brigadier General Powell to 
 have your reserve cross at the same time 
 with Colonel St. Leger, and to leave 
 those only behind that belong to the 
 regiment of Prince Frederick." 
 
 The sequel to this burying of the 
 batteaux is thus tuld by Dr. Gordon. In 
 writing in regard to the cutting otfof Bur- 
 goyne by Gen. Stark's capture of P'ort 
 Edward, he says : " The Americans who 
 had been ordered there [Fort Edward | 
 made a discovery, which they greatly im- 
 proved. Below the fort, close in witli 
 the river, they found the appearance of a 
 grave, with an inscription on a board j 
 
 ' here lies the budy of Lieutenant .' 
 
 They were at a loss what it should 
 mean. On searching, they discovered 
 three batteaux [Riedesel with his usual 
 prudence, had, it seemed, buried three in- 
 
 stead of two] instead of a body. These 
 the enemy had concealed. Having none 
 of their own, they, by the help of them 
 sent scouting parties across the river [the 
 Hudson] which by falling into a track a 
 mile and a half beyond, discouru'^ed the 
 :.iii.uiy\a puiCi>.6 iiuin aicempting an escape 
 that way " Thus, Burgoyne'sand Ried- 
 esel's efforts only redounded to the aid of 
 their enemies ! It was undoubtedly to 
 this action of Riedesel in burying the 
 batteaux that Burgoyne refers to in his 
 "Stale of the Exprdilioi:^" wlien,in speak- 
 ing of the reason why, after the action of 
 the 19th of Sept., at Freeman's farm, he 
 did not immediately letreat, he says: 
 " The time also entitled me to expect 
 Lieut. Col. St. Leirer's corps would be 
 arrived at Ticonderoga j and seeret means 
 had been long concerted to enable him to 
 make an efibrt to join me with proba- 
 bility of success." The boats here men- 
 tioned by Pausch, however, were addi- 
 tional ones to these mentioned by 
 Riedesel, and have never been found. 
 
 ' A curious situation for an invading 
 army ! 
 
 I 1 
 

m 
 
 
 V 
 
 rs: 
 
PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 '5 
 
 times as strong, and driven back upon the offi- 
 cer's quarters. Two of our men were wounded 
 and one was made a prisoner. It was afterwards 
 learned from four prisoners taken by our pickets, 
 that seven of the enemy were wounded.' - 
 
 This incident caused us to be on the alert. It 
 did not last long, however, the enemy retreated 
 and all was again quiet. 
 
 There appeared at our out-posts, towards 12 
 o'clock at noon, two of the enemy's drummers 
 bearing a small white Hag. Brig. Maj. von Geis- 
 mar was sent to meet them, to whom they gave 
 a letter addressed to Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne from 
 Gen. Gates, the commanding general of the 
 hostile army. They also brought a package of 
 letters to some of our officers — very likely from 
 prisoners of war — after the delivery of which, 
 they retired. 
 
 Gen. Quarter Master of the Brunswick In- 
 fantry, Capt. of Engineers, Gerlach, was sent 
 over the bridge with an escort of about fifteen 
 or twenty men — volunteers from this region 
 
 ' These att.icks were titcjuent. On 
 the 1st of" Oct., some Amciicaii bkir- 
 inishers surprised a party of Enj,libii sol- 
 diers, who were digying potatoes in the 
 rear ot ttie British he.id-quarters within 
 the camp and cairied o!f and killed sonic 
 thirty otthein. 
 
 In fact, the Uiitish camp was kept in 
 continual alarm; and officers and soldiers 
 were constantly dressed and ready tor 
 action. One night twenty young farmers 
 residing near the English camp and 
 armed with fowling-pieces, marched 
 
 stealtliiiy through the woods until they 
 were within a few yards of tiie enemy's 
 advance pickei--uard. They then ruslied 
 out from the bushes, the leader blowing 
 M old tin trumpet and the men yelling. 
 There was no time for the sentinel's 
 hail. " Giound your arms or you are all 
 dead men ! " cried the leader. Think- 
 ing that a large force had fallen upon 
 them the picket obeyed; and the young 
 farm-;rs led to the American camp over 
 thirty British regulars. 
 
 in 
 
n 
 
 ^ 
 
 I* 
 
 M 
 
 15S 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 and province. They made their way through 
 themcmntains and valleys hoping to ascertain the 
 position of the enemy's camp, and the position 
 of their intrenchments. Their expedition, how- 
 ever, was fruitless, because the woods prevented 
 their seeing across the Hudson ; and thus with- 
 out discovering or seeing anything, they returned. 
 
 26th. All remains peaceable and quiet. In 
 the evening some of our Indians returned from 
 their hunt. The) brought in with them a 
 prisoner who although alive, yet, from fear and 
 anguish, was half dead. They also had with 
 them two scalps, which they had taken after 
 their own neat fashion ! 
 
 27th. Everything remained quiet all ilay long. 
 Toward evening, chree officers of the enemy 
 were brought in — at least they pretended to be 
 such, though, by their appearance, nobody would 
 have supposed it ! 
 
 The news, that was circulated a few days ago, 
 that Washington's army was totally defeated by 
 the troops of Gen Howe, and that the remainder 
 were taken prisoners and scattered, is to-day | ap- 
 parently] verified with much certainty in our 
 army, but it is, nevertheless, not believed. 
 
 Extract of a Journal of the Campaign of 1777, 
 in North America to the convention at Saratoga, 
 where we had to surrender as Prisoners of War. 
 
 G. Pausch, 
 Captain. 
 
Nakkativk of the Action of Oct. yru, 
 
 AT Freeman's Farm near Sti llwater 
 
 ON the Hudson. 
 
 Oct. 7th. In the forenoon, I received an -order 
 to have in readiness two 6 pound cannon with 
 the requisite ammunition : also my Briirade, 
 prepared to march immediately at a given signal. 
 About 10 o'clock, there gathered in front of the 
 camp and on the P/ace d'Armes of the left wing 
 of the German troops, a division consisting of all 
 those portions of the German regiments there 
 represented. Altogether, these numbered about 
 three hundred men under the leadership of Lieut. 
 Col. Specht,' the commander q\ the Infantry 
 regiment of Riedescl. To this latter regiment, 
 the Regiment Hesse Hanau furnished i officer, 
 6 subalterns, i drummer, and 75 privates under 
 the command of Capt. Schoel. We defiled to 
 
 •Pausch unquestionably means Lt. the Reyiment Riedesel. On this point 
 
 Q,^\. Spcib. Col. Specht, sL'Loii.l in Com- consult Haddcn page 45, where Gen. 
 
 mand of" the Brunswiclcers to Riedesel, Rogers has pointed out this error in the 
 
 was Col. of" the Regiment Specht, not of two names so frequently nude. 
 
f 
 
 1 60 
 
 PA USCH' S JO Ull NAL. 
 
 
 the rii'ht in front of our army towards its ri »h 
 wini^ as far as the Brigade of Brig. Gen. Fraser, 
 wliere we halted. Here I found ah'eady assem- 
 bled, among other regiments, the English batterv 
 of light infantry grenadiers, the Albanian and 
 Canadian volunteers, and the small remnant of our 
 Indians' who were in readiness for the march. 
 The English Artillery furnished two howitzers, 
 two 12 pound and four 6 pound cannon for the 
 right wing of our battery, under Lieut. Dufais. 
 Everything being quiet along the lines, I went, 
 myself, with the iirst named two cannon of my 
 Brigade, on this expedition. 
 
 Behind the entrenched camp of Fraser, where 
 we halted and where we were obliged to wait for 
 further orders, there were collectetl in Eraser's 
 tent the Generals of the army. After first hold- 
 ing in it a ccancil of war, the Generals went to 
 another tent, in tront of which the Sava;j-es were 
 gathered, and announced to them (^as I supiiose, 
 according to the usual Indian custom, which to 
 me is utterly unknown and unintelligible) the 
 order of to-day's march and the duties required 
 of them. This conference lasted, in all, two 
 hours, when we again resumed our march ; and 
 the reassembled corps once more started. There 
 were now added to the German Division the 
 
 ' 180 in number ; the greater portiun of fur theii cruelties — liavinf^ gi nc homo 
 the Iiuiijns — liiipleascd at the repri- several weeks Ld'ore this, 
 mand administered to them by Burgoyne 
 
I 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 i6i 
 
 STiall remnant of the Brunswick company of 
 \agers consisting of about loo men, and as many 
 more of the Brunswick Grenadier Battalion 
 1 hese latter constituted the entire force of this 
 small corps, now reduced to about fifteen hun- 
 dred men in all. 
 
 Leaving the Brunswick entrenchment on our 
 right and finally behind us, we followed a road 
 which led to a house and farm not fir distant 
 This house we also left on our right, and ai 
 length reached some underbrush and b-ishes 
 Here, on the left of this road, we found an out- 
 post composed of subalterns of the Grenadier 
 Battalion von Breymanf^ which we passed. 
 We followed the road farther for fullv half an 
 hour during which we halted several times both 
 for the purpose of sending out the volunteers and 
 Indians on reconnoitering expeditions, and of 
 making the road passable for the Artillery over 
 the bridges The reports of the advancc'-guard 
 contmuing favorable, and their repeated niessa-e 
 assuring us that as yet every thing was all rioht' 
 we continued to march for the length of time 
 above mentioned, (viz. half an hour! when we 
 found ourselves in front of the extended left 
 wing of the hostile army, of which, however 
 we cruM not see anything whatever, on account 
 ot the dense woods and the distance. Here we 
 found a small cultivated and open field entirely 
 surrounded by woods, and at one end of which 
 
 21 
 
I 62 
 
 PA US CM' S JOUR NAL . 
 
 
 Stood a small habitation entirely deserted by its 
 former occupants. Its roof had been converted 
 into ail observatory from which all the adjutants, 
 engineers and Quarter-Master Generals were gaz- 
 ing through their glasses. Nothing, however, 
 could be discovered. VVe now continued our 
 march flanked on either side by English troops ; 
 and at tiie same t.me, our small number of 
 Yagers, the few men composing the Chasseur 
 Battalion, and the Grenadiers started out from 
 one side of our line to reconnoiter. 
 
 Meanwhile, on a piece of ground somewhat 
 elevated and commanding an advantageous and 
 clear position, I posted my two 6 pound cannon 
 at a distance of 24 to 26 paces from each other, 
 and 50 paces in advance of the front, near the 
 place where the Regiment Hanau adi(.)ined that 
 of Rhetz.' 
 
 ' Tlii.- c-lovatcil piicc of ground upon 
 which P.uiscli pl.icfil his tvvD six pound 
 oniion, is now(i8S6), covered by an 
 oi;h.ird, about two rods e.ist of liie road 
 Icadinji From (Quaker Springs to Still- 
 water, ami twenty rods south-east of the 
 house, now (i!J'(i6), occupied by Joseph 
 Rogers. The exact distance by measure- 
 ment fiom Fraser's tent, which was a 
 little in the rear of where is now Es- 
 mond's House (see preceding note) to 
 this elevation i.s 230 rod-^, in a straight 
 lino Tiiis nieisurc.ncnt was made for 
 t7ie bv my friend, Mr. E. R. IVeeman, 
 who rcHdfs near Esmond s House By 
 thi; wood road, however, which Pausch 
 t 'ok, it i. probably 30 rods further. It 
 miy, tiierefoic, well have taken Paust h 
 
 half an hour or more to reach it Bv 
 reference to the map, on opposite page, 
 the reader may easily trace the route 
 taken by P;.usch. 
 
 Pausch was stationed on this eminence 
 between the English and the German 
 Grenadiers [sec Bur^'oyne's Map in Stale 
 of the Expcdi:i'.it'\ the Englisli on his left 
 and the Geimans on his right. It is to 
 this particular spot that Wilkinson refers 
 win n in de; cribing it after the battle, he 
 says. "The ground which liad been oc- 
 cupied by the British Grenadiers pre- 
 sented a scene of complicated horror and 
 exuitati.n. In the square space of 
 twelve or fifteen yards lay riyhtren grena- 
 diers in tiie agonies of death j and three 
 (itricers were propped up against the 
 
■M 
 
 
 ,, /J 
 
 
 
 
n 
 
 
 •I 
 
 J ', 
 
 t \ • 
 
PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 
 
 165 
 
 Meanwhile, work was still progressing on the 
 entrenchments of our two wings ; and it took, 
 by the way, ] of an hour to march from one win J 
 of our army to the other; during which march! 
 not the least sign of the enemy was seen nor 
 were we molested by him in the least Pre- 
 sently by order of Major Williams of the Eng- 
 lish Artillery, the two 12 pound cannon were 
 brought up and placed in front of the above 
 named deserted] house, and after bein^ made 
 ready, they were oaded. No one knew what all 
 these arrangements meant; but I shortly after- 
 ward learned from Capt. Gen. Quarter-Master 
 Gerlach, that it was intended to make a diversion 
 at tais point; and that the corps was for the 
 protection of the general staff. At the same time 
 word was sent into the entrenchments of Brev- 
 mann and Eraser, and the foragers ordered to cut 
 down the corn-stalks yet standing in our rear. 
 (1 his IS called "foraging.") An English officer 
 now arrived in haste, saying that there were no 
 cannon on the flank of the left wing, and that I 
 must immediately send one of mine. Ar^ainst 
 this I protested, on the ground that I had but two 
 
 rr^l'/ ru'''^';^ complying with his wish 
 I should only be able to serve one gun ; that I 
 desired, if it was a general order to march there 
 
 less." U was here that Ma, Acland Z[ J ? Gates s cam (,, „ur.ed him. 
 of the E„gl,sh Grenadiers wl'woun e ' '^fC.l^lZ Vt' f'1 "^ V '''^/"^■"• 
 Maj. Acland when wounded, was taken to S" uSator ' '^ "'^"^ "' ^''''> 
 
K 
 
 i 
 
 i\ 
 
 i I 
 
 h 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 i66 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNJL. 
 
 either with both of the cannon or to give up 
 neither — one cannon being no command for a 
 subaltern, to say nothing of a captain ; and finally, 
 that they had iour 6 pound cannon of their own, 
 of which one had but just gone past the left wing. 
 The officer at this made himself scarce' and 
 brought no other order ; and I remained at the 
 post which T had myself chosen and occupied. 
 
 After the lapse of half an hour we noticed a 
 few patrols in the woods, and on the height to 
 the left of the wood; and, at the same moment, 
 the above mentioned two 12 pounders opened 
 fire. 
 
 Shortly after this, a large number of the 
 enemy's advance-guard, who were in the bushes, 
 engaged our Yagers, Chasseurs, and Volunteers. 
 The action expended all along the front, the 
 enemy appearing in force. During this time, 
 and while both sides were thus contendini^ and 
 I was serving my cannon, there marched out of 
 the enemy's entrenchment on their left wing, at a 
 " double quick " and in squares, two strong 
 columns, one towards our right, and the odier 
 towards our left wing ; ' while, at the same mo- 
 ment, additional forces' of the enemy poured 
 down in troops to reinforce those who were 
 
 
 ' Or with I'x.ict lifeiilncsb '• tli ■ li.ic ■; 
 
 ^ These " two coluimis " were rcsni-'e- 
 rively under Poor and Learned. 
 
 ^ These " additiiinal f'urtis" were led 
 by Morgan and Dearboin. 
 
 4 
 
wimmmit 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 167 
 
 already engaged with us, and advanced madly 
 and blindly in the fiice of a furious fire. The 
 attack began on the left wing with a terrific 
 musketry fire, but, in a few minutes, the enemy 
 repulsed it; while the cannon, sent there by the 
 English Artillery, was captured by the enem-' 
 before a single shot had been fired from them. 
 And new, the firing from cannon and small arms 
 began to get very brisk on our riirht win ^ 
 
 At this junction, our left wing retreated in the 
 greatest possible disorder, thereby causing a 
 similar rout among our German command, 
 which was stationed behinci the fence in line of 
 battle. They retreated — or io speak more 
 plainly — they lett their position without inform- 
 ing me, although 1 was but fifty paces in ad- 
 vance of them. Each man for himself, they 
 made for the bushes. Without knowing it, I 
 kept back the enemy for a while with my un- 
 protected cannon loaded with shells. How long 
 before this, the infintry had left its position, 1 
 cannot tell, but 1 saw a great number advance 
 towards our now open iet't wing within a distance 
 of i.bout 300 paces. I looked^back towards the 
 position still held, as I supposed, by our German 
 infantry, under whose protection I,' too, intended 
 to retreat — but not a man was to be seen. They 
 had all rin across the roa 1 into the field and 
 
 , '';, T'lv,"''"" ''"V^' '''■,'?= '•'""'" 'f " f" '''■■'■■ Am.,i.an caus,- - jun,ped 
 tlut Col. Ulley c.t N. Hampshire Icipcl, do-.v,,, tuine,! Its muzzle ,,n.l ni.d it on 
 waved his sword, ..nd having dcdicau-u the B.iti.h with their ov^n ammunition 
 
■r 
 
 1^(1 
 
 Mi 
 
 m 
 
 1 1 
 
 I- f 
 
 168 
 
 PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 
 
 thence into the bushes, and had taken refuge 
 behind the trees. Their right wing was thus 
 in front of the house, I have so often mentioned, 
 but all was in disorder, though they still fought 
 the enemy which continued to advance." In 
 the mean time, on our right wing,^ there was 
 stubborn fighting on both sides, our rear, mean- 
 while, being covered by a dense forest, which, 
 just before had protected our right flank. The 
 road by which we were to retreat lay through 
 the woods and was already in the hands of the 
 enemy, who accordingly intercepted us. Find- 
 ing myself, therefore, finally in my first men- 
 tioned position — alone, isolated, and almost 
 surrounded by the enemy, and with no way open 
 but the one leading to the house where the two 
 12 pound cannon stood, dismounted and de- 
 serted — I had no alternative but to make my 
 way along it with great difficulty if I did not 
 wish to be stuck in a datnued crooked road.' 
 
 After safely reaching t 
 tection of a musketry 
 
 ' " The brave Major Forster, with two 
 hundred and sixty English Grenadiers, 
 withstood an equally severe fire on the 
 right wing." AL'moirs of Gen. RicJcsel. 
 Vol. I, page 206. 
 
 * It was just at ti-.is juncture that the 
 brave Eraser, while attempting to rally 
 the troops, was mortally wounded by Tim 
 Murphy, one of Morgan's sharp shooters. 
 The precise spot where he was shot was 
 midway between the orchard where 
 Pauich was and Roger's House (see pre- 
 vious note). A bass-wood tree (a 
 
 he house under the pro- 
 fire — which, however, 
 
 shoot from the stump of the one under 
 wh::h Fraser was when he was shot) 
 marks the spot. It is also marked by a 
 granite tablet erected under the auspices 
 of the " Saratoga Monument Associa- 
 tion." 
 
 3 Pause h does not exaggerate it. The 
 old wood road, trai:es of which were visi- 
 ble up to within twenty-five years, was 
 almost serpentine in its course. See map 
 on preceding page. The use here of the 
 preposition " in "instead of " on " prob- 
 ably refers to the muddinesi of the road. 
 
 i. 
 
 
 .-i i 
 
 'IPI'I 
 
PJVSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 169 
 
 owing to the bushes, was fully as dangerous to 
 me. as ,f the firing came from the en! mv - I 
 presenjy came across a little earth-worlc, 18 feet 
 
 ot by posting my two cannon, one on the ri'^ht 
 and the other on the left, and began a fire aker- 
 nately with balls and with shells, without, how- 
 ever, being able to discriminate in favor of our men 
 who were in the bushes ; for the enemy, without 
 troubling them charged savagely upon my can- 
 non, hoping to dismount and silence them: But 
 >n this attempt, they twice failed, beino- frus- 
 
 Thetwr.h""'' by the firing of my ^.h^ 
 /he two above mentioned 12 pound cannon — 
 in serving which, Major Williams, Lieut. York ' 
 and several subaltern officers and artillery-me'n 
 had either been captured or killed-stood. where 
 
 an'dtserd":'^ '''°''' ''''''"'■ ^ '' ^^ '^-^ 
 
 A. brave English Lieutenant of Artillery, by the 
 name of Schmidt [Smith-J and a sergeant were 
 
 I T"!,:- i:^..i_ .1 , . . . '-' 
 
 'This little earth. work, which had 
 been put up for Burgoyne's advanced 
 pickets while encamped between the 
 19th of Sept. and the 7th Oct., can 
 plainly be seen in the map of this action 
 in the State of the ExpeJiti'.n. 
 
 'John H. York, who in 1771, was a 
 2d Lieut, in the Battalion of the Royal 
 Artilery, was stationed in America as early 
 as 1772 and 1773. When he went to 
 Canada is not known, though he was 
 there under Carleton in 1776, since a 
 Brigade order by Maj. Gen. Phillips 
 (given in Hadden's Orderly Book) dated 
 14th June, of that year, says : " The two 
 pi«cei of cannon under Lieuti. Smith and 
 
 22 
 
 Yorke arc to be put under the command 
 ot Captain M irdielson," etc. He be 
 A.TllI "-'r^'^-^^Ser?, a Col. in the 
 A.t.llery Ju y .oth, ,804, and was 
 d.owned on the coast of Brazil, Nov. ,st 
 
 f Wm. P. Smith here so highly 
 praised was commissio«ed a 2d Lieut 
 in the Royal Artillery i», 771. He wal 
 wounded and taken priso.er in the ac- 
 tion of Oct. 7th. and was included in 
 ^.e Cambr,ge Parole. He became a 
 Col. in the Artillery the same day as hi, 
 e low .oldier, York, viz., July 20 
 ;8o48 .n. died at Ldth fort,^:,y V, 
 
I 
 
 \i 
 
 V 
 
 170 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 the only two who were willing to serve the 
 cannon longer. He came to me and asked me 
 to let him have ten artillery-men and one sub- 
 altern from my detachment to serve these can- 
 non. But it was impossible for me to grant his 
 request, no matter how well disposed I might 
 have been towards it. Two of my men had 
 been shot dead ; three or four were wounded ; a 
 number had straggled off, and all the Infantry 
 detailed for that purpose, either gone to the 
 devil or run away. Moreover, all I had left, 
 for the serving of each cannon, were four or five 
 men and one subaltern. A six pound cannon, 
 also, on account of its rapidity in firing, was 
 more effectual than a twelve pounder, with 
 which only one-third the number of shots could 
 be tired ; and furthermore, I had no desire to 
 silence my own cannon, which were still in my 
 possession, and thereby contribute to raise the 
 honors of another corps. Three wagons of 
 ammunition were fired away by my cannon, 
 which became so heated that it was impossible 
 for any man to lay his hands on them. In front, 
 and also to the right and left of my guns, I had 
 conquered for myself and for those who were in 
 the same terrain^ a pretty comfortable fort. But 
 this state of things lasted only a short time, the 
 lire behind us coming nearer. Finally, our 
 right wing was repulsed in our rear ; its infantry, 
 however, fortunately retreating in better order 
 than our left wing had done. 
 
 if 
 
 4. 
 

 . I still could see, as far as the plain and clear- 
 ing reached, the road, on which I had marched 
 to this second position, open, and a chance, 
 therefore, to retreat. Accordingly, myself, the 
 ar illery-man, Hausemann, and t(vo other ar- 
 . tillery-men, hoping to save one of the cannon, 
 dragged it towards this road. The piece of 
 wood on the cannon made the work foi- us four 
 men very difficult and, in fact, next to impossi- 
 ble. Finally, a subaltern followed with the 
 «her cannon, and placed it on the carriage. 
 We now brought up the other carriage, on whkh 
 I quickly placed the remaining gun, and marched 
 briskly along the road, hoping to meet a body of 
 our Infantry and with them make a stand. But 
 this hope proved delusive, and was totally dis- 
 pelled; for some ran in one. and others in an 
 another direction ; and by the time that I came 
 within gun-shot of the woods, I found the road 
 occupied by the enemy. They came towards 
 us on It; the bushes were full of them; thev 
 were hidden behind the trees; and bullets in 
 plenty received us. Seeing that all was h-re- 
 rievably lost, and that it was impossible to save 
 anything, I called to my few reimining men to 
 .save themselves.' I myself, took refuge^hrough 
 IbehindJ a fence, m a piece of dei^e undlr- 
 brush on the right of the road, with the last 
 
 ' "The H.mau Artillery was lost Iw ^^„ _. • j t,,-,- 
 
A 
 
 ^> 
 
 ^'^^ #►. 
 
 vS** 
 
 ' , •^>^'., A 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 /. 
 
 {./ 
 
 
 / 
 
 V,. \° 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 " '- Ilia 
 
 ■ IJ4 III— 
 
 12.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.4 ill 1.6 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 C/j 
 
 PC^ 
 
172 
 
 PJUSCH*S yOURNJL. 
 
 ■ 
 
 [remaining] ammunition wagon, which, with 
 the help of a gunner, I saved with the horses. 
 Here I met all the different nationalities of 
 our division running pell-mell — among them 
 Capt. Schoel, with whom there was not a 
 single man left of the Hanau Regiment. In 
 this confused retreat, all made for our camp and 
 our lines. The entrenchment of Breymann was 
 furiously assailed;' the camp in it set on fire and 
 burned, and all the baggage-horses and baggage 
 captured by the enemy. The three 6 pound can- 
 non of my brigade of Artillery were also taken, the 
 artillery-men, Wachler and Fintzell, killed, and 
 artillery-man Wall (under whose comm^and were 
 the cannon) severely, and others slightly, wounded. 
 The enemy occupied this entrenchment, and re- 
 mained in it during the night. The approach- 
 ing darkness put an end to further operations on 
 the part of the Americans. Meanwhile, every- 
 thing was in commotion, and we were all on the 
 alert behind our entrenchments. 
 
 At first, I thought that I had lost my servant 
 and the horses which 1 had brought with me and 
 which I owned ; but, luckily, the former, seeing 
 that the action was becoming lively, rides back 
 to the camp with my horses and baggage ac- 
 companied by the detachment of Lieut. Dufais. 
 I was very glad to see him ; and far from cen- 
 
 >By Gen. Arnold. 
 
•W->f ^ii ay !' ; 
 
 PAUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 173 
 
 suring the happy resolution of my servant, 
 praised it highly. I found, also, many of my 
 runaway artillery-men in the camp, and also all 
 those of my Infantry command who had taken 
 early "leg-bail." It was plainly evident, that 
 they had runaway in the early part of the en- 
 gagement, from the fact that there was not one 
 of them dead, captured or wounded. 
 
 I have suffered a great loss this morning in 
 my company, including, also, the men who served 
 the two cannon in the camp of Lieut. Col. von 
 Breymann' when it was surprised, viz : four 
 cannon captured, artillery-men, Wachler, Frint- 
 zell, Hausemann and Weil killed, four artillery- 
 men, H. Miiller, Paul. Hartmann and Scheffer 
 wounded and taken, and, also, three other artil- 
 lery-men, Zieuhler, Pflug, and Johannes Miiller. 
 Two drivers, Vogt and Roth were likewise cap- 
 tured. There were also three artillery-men slightly 
 wounded, though not taken prisoners, viz : Lotz- 
 mann, Beeker and Fahrbach. Four 6 pounders 
 of my Artillery Brigade and also four ammuni- 
 tion wagons are lost including horses, harness and 
 the British drivers. All these belonged to the 
 
 ' Lieut. Col. Heiniich Christopher 
 Breymann, commanded the grenadier bat- 
 talion sent Co reinforce Carleton in the 
 spring of 1776. In Burg lyne's campiign 
 he commanded the Ger-nan Light 
 Brigade. He was ordered to the relief of 
 Baum at Bennington, and much adverse 
 criticism has been made upon his tardy 
 
 advance, whereby it is asserted Baum 
 was sacrificed. After Baum's defeat 
 Breymann was attacked and repulsed 
 with heavy loss, but managed to with- 
 draw under cover of approaching dark- 
 ness, himself being wounded. — Not* in 
 Madden, 
 
'7+ 
 
 PAUSCtrs JOURNAL. 
 
 . : t 
 
 Royal Artillery, none of ours being among them 
 with the exception of a few articles of minor 
 importance. 
 
 The entire remnant of my Brigade consists, 
 therefore, of only two 6 pound cannon, four 
 ammunition wagons, three wagons with shovels, 
 hoes, etc., and two requisition carts. 
 
 Gen. Fraser" and Lieut. Col. von Breymann 
 were mortally wounded in to-day's engagement, 
 the latter being a prisoner.* I also know of two 
 captains of the Regiment Brunswick, and En- 
 sign von Gargling of the Regiment Hanau, who 
 are wounded. Our other losses small and great 
 are as yet unknown, with the exception that 
 Lieut. Col. Speth, with a few of his officers, 
 were made prisoners at the last moment. 
 
 This much, however, is certain ; that both 
 sides have sustained heavy losses.' 
 
 ' FrJser died in a little farm house 
 tenderly ministered to until the last by 
 the Baroness Riedesel. See the Leitc > of 
 this admirable woman for .i detailed ac- 
 count of his death and burial. 
 
 ' This statement of Pausch regarding 
 the capture of Ureymann, differs from 
 that made by Max von lielkingor ratlicr 
 by Riedesel, since Eelking's work was 
 founded entirely on Rieilescl's memo- 
 randa. Eelking. arter speaking of tlie 
 attack on the Oreat Redoubt, says : 
 "another body at the same time attacked 
 the embankments of Breynianii's division 
 in front and on the left llank. Tlie 
 Grenadiers, comprising this corps fouj;ht 
 bravely, but being only two hundred 
 strong, and their commander — the 
 chivalric Breymann hring^ sluit dead, they 
 were compelled to retreat." Wilkinson, 
 
 also, says, the Brunswickers fled leaving 
 Breymann " dead on the field." 
 
 ^The British and German troops who 
 were killed in the battle were slightly 
 covered with earth and biush where they 
 fell, apparently unlamented by friend or 
 foe. " It was not an uncommon thing," 
 says Neilson, '' after the land was cleared 
 and began to be cultiv.ited, to see five, 
 ten, and even twenty human sku'ls piled 
 up on dilferent stumps aiiout the field." 
 1 have myself, when a boy, seen human 
 bones thickly strewn about on the ground, 
 which ha t been turned out with the 
 plow. "Near the place where Kraser 
 fell, .1 hole was dug into which the 
 bodies of forty soldiers were thrown, after 
 being stripped of their clothing by the 
 women of the American camp," 
 
P^USCWS yOVRNAL. j-- 
 
 It was very quiet all day at the left wW of 
 our army w,tli this exception, that the pickets 
 and patrols fired on each other occasionally ' 
 
 I cannot sufficiently praise the exceptionally 
 biave and gallant conduct of subaltern Moer- 
 schell and Artillery-man Housemann durinttL 
 action ot to-day/ In the deepest submission to 
 the favor o your Highness, I feel it mv duty to 
 recommend particularly Moerschell, on acco^unt 
 of his good conduct, ambition, correct life and 
 punctuality in the service. 
 
 Extract from my Journal. 
 
 G. Pausch.J 
 End of Capt. Pausch's Journal. 
 
 But It was more than the occasional 
 exchange ot shots. It was quite a skir 
 mish and took pl,.ce on the river bank 
 just before the main action began It 
 was this affair which gave rise to the 
 council of Gates and his staff (sec Wii- 
 kinson) called to decide whether this 
 •kirmish was a feint on the part of the 
 British, or whether the real attack would 
 be on the high ground to the Americans- 
 left. 1 he latter view which was adopted 
 and acted upon, was, as we know, the 
 correct one. 
 
 "Pausch, himself, was also a very 
 brave officer. His company, which he 
 commanded in person at the Battle of 
 Bennington, suffered terribly on that oc 
 casion where, by the way, he likewise lost 
 two of his guns in the same manner as at 
 Saratoga. 
 
 It may be interesting to those who 
 have followed I'ausch in his mana.uvres 
 during the two actions, to know what 
 relics there are still (,886), remainin- 
 on the Saratoga battle-held to recall the 
 stirring scenes enacted on its site. Anions 
 these may be nu-ntioned the followinK-- 
 all of which I have myself verihed 
 
 ^"vr The brca-tworks which sur- 
 
 sounded Riedesel's lirunswickers, and at 
 
 the southeastern extremity of which the 
 
 Hanau artillery, under Captain Pausch 
 
 was placed (enclosing an area of, perhaps! 
 
 twenty acres), are yet eao/iy traced, being 
 
 st.l two, and, in .ome places, Hve feet 
 
 ligli. In the center of this space, and in 
 
 the midst of a dense wood, is seen the 
 
 old campwell used by this portion of 
 
 Burgoyne, army. [A large portion of 
 
 the British camp, after the action of the 
 
 I9tn, was on the di, of that battle.] 
 
'» 
 
 
 176 
 
 PAUSCtrS JOVRNJL. 
 
 I I 
 
 Second. The traces of Breymann'i en- 
 trenchments are yet to be seen very 
 plainly. The place is considerably ele- 
 vated by nature, and is known among 
 the farmers in the vicinity as Burgoyne't 
 Hill. Properly, it should be as men- 
 tioned in a preceding note, Breymann't 
 Hill. It was at the north-east corner of 
 this eminence that Arnold was wounded. 
 
 Third. The stump of the bass-wood 
 tree, with another large tree grown out 
 of its top, under which General Fraser 
 was seated on his horse when mortally 
 wounded by M orgiin's sharp-shooter, Pat 
 Murphy, yet stands by the siae of the 
 road. 
 
 Fourth. The house which was the head- 
 quarters of Generals Arnold, Lea'ned, 
 and Poor, before, during, and after the 
 two actions, is still standing in excellent 
 preservation. 
 
 Fifth. The barn which served as a 
 hospital for the wounded Americans re- 
 mains to mark the spot where so many 
 gallant men suffered and died, the timbers 
 of which are as solid as when first put in. 
 
 &xih. The foundations and cellar of 
 the house in which General Fraser died 
 while being ministered to by Madam 
 Riedesel, are yet clearly seen by the river 
 bank. 
 
 Seventh. The " Ensign House," which 
 received a portion of Burgoyne's wounded, 
 together with the tall Dutch clock which 
 ticked off the numbered minutes of the 
 dying, still remains. 
 
 Eighth. The sleepers of the bridge 
 which Burgoyne threw across the " great 
 Ravine," just before he crossed it and fell 
 n with the scouting party of Morgan on 
 
 the afternoon of the 19th, are pefectly 
 sound. 
 
 Ninth. Numerous trees, which were 
 standing at the time of the battles, still 
 keep in their trunks the bullets fired from 
 the guns of Cilley's New Hampshire 
 troops. [While at Saratoga in the sum- 
 mer of 1885, a farmer brought in a load 
 of wood cut on the battle-field. One or 
 the sticks had embedded in it twelve 
 grape-shut]. 
 
 Tenth. Not a season passes that can- 
 non-balls, grape-shot, skeletons, stone 
 and iron tomahawkb. short carbines used 
 by the German Yagers, and similar relics, 
 are not plowed up by the husbandmen. 
 Indeed, I myself, a few summers ago, 
 picked up a gilt button of the l^A High- 
 landers, and a silver buckle, on the site 
 of the bloody fight of that regiment, 
 which Wilkinson has in mind when he 
 writes : '* In a square space of twelve or 
 fifteen yards lay eighteen grenadiers in 
 the agonies of death, and three officers 
 were propped up against stumps of trees, 
 two of them mortally wouided, bleeding 
 and almost speechless." 
 
 Through the zealous and patriotic 
 efforts of Mrs Ellen Hardin Walworth 
 of Saratoga Springs — a Trustee of the 
 Saratoga Monument Association anJ 
 whose great-grandfather Col. Hardin, 
 was in the battles — granite tablets iiave 
 already been placed on several of the 
 above mentioned historic spots on the 
 battle-field — each of which bears appro- 
 priate inscriptions, telling :he passer-by 
 what it commemorates, together with the 
 name of the donor. 
 
 m 
 
 f 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Extract from the MSS. of Gen. Rufus Putnam., corroborating 
 Pausch's account of the state of affairs existing in the British 
 camp between the actions of the igth of Sept. and the -jth of 
 Oct. — kindly furnished me by Professor R. M. Stimson of 
 Marietta College^ Marietta., Ohio. 
 
 In a letter to Washington [written on account of alleged 
 neglect of Gen. Gates], recommending Capt. Goodale for 
 promotion "to a Majority," ( Maj. Nathan Goodale was 
 taken by Indians, in this county, 1790, and died in their hands) 
 Gen. Putnam says : 
 
 " ' tis well known into what a panic the country & even the 
 Northern army were thrown on the takeing of Ticonderoga. 
 
 "When General Gates took command in that quarter our 
 army Lay at Vanfiacks Island, and M'. Burgoyne with black 
 wyngs & painted Legions Lay at Saratoga, the woods were so 
 infested with Savages, that for Some time none of the Scouts 
 who were Sent out for the purpos of obtaining prisoners, or in- 
 tiligence of the enimies Sittuation Succeeded in either — Gen- 
 eral Gates being vexed at continual disapointments desiered 
 
; 
 
 176^ 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 an officer to procure him a man that would undertake at all 
 hazards to perform this Service k Capt Goodale being Spook 
 to voluntarily undertook the business under the following ordors 
 from General Gates " Sir you are to chuse out one Sergent 
 & Six privates, and proceed with them to the enimies camp, 
 unless you loose your life or are captured, and not return untill 
 you obtain a full knowledge of their Situation." 
 
 "Cap' Goodal in his report of this Scout Sais, * it was not 
 performed without great feteague, as the party was much har- 
 rassed by the Indians which ocationed there being in the 
 woods three days without piovisions.' however he fucceeded 
 beyond expectation, first throwing himself between there out 
 guards, and there camp where he concealed his party untill he 
 examined there sittuation very fully, & then brought of Six 
 prisoners, (which he took within there guards ) with which he 
 returned to Gen' Gates without any Loss. 
 
 "this Sucefs induced Gen' Gates to continue him on that 
 kind of Service — a full detail of all the intreague, & address, 
 which he discovered during the remainder of that campaign 
 would make my Letter quite too long, it may be enough to 
 obferve that before the capture of the British army I2r priso- 
 ners fell into his hands, but as Capt. Goodale is no less brave 
 & determined in the open field when opposed to regular troops 
 then he is artful! as a partisan of the woods, I beg your patience 
 while I write one inftance of this kind." 
 
 .? 
 
 >•(• 
 
 ^i 
 
INDEX. 
 
 i 
 
 A CLAN D, Maj., 165 
 *■ * Albanian Volunteers, 
 
 160 
 Albany, 146 
 
 Amazon, a frigate, 47, 48 
 American Vi>lunteers, 165 
 Anburey, quoted, 143, 144 
 Anderson, Capt. 151 
 Andernach, 22 
 Anticosti Island, 58 
 Army smithey at St. Johns, 
 
 132 
 Arnheim, 26 » 
 
 Arnold, Gen., Sketch of, by 
 
 Rogers, 85, 172, 176 
 
 DACH, Lieut., 23, 31, 40, 
 
 *^ 68,73,79 
 Haden Infantrv, 2, 26 
 
 Balcarras, Lord, 139 
 
 Barner, Maj., Commander of 
 
 the Brunswick Battalion of 
 
 Chasseurs, 89 
 Barner's Light Infantry, 93 
 
 Barnes, Lieut., Dep. Quar. 
 
 Mas. CJen., 129 
 Batiscamp, 93 
 Battle of Sept. 19th, 132 
 Battle of Oct. 7th, 139, 159 
 Baum, Col., 173 
 Baxter, a foreman, 151 
 Hechtell, a boatman, 26 
 Beekcr, Artillery-man. 173 
 Bennington, Battle of, 173, 
 
 '75 
 Berthier Parish, 65, 89, 93, 
 
 103, 120 
 Bischle, cannonier, 23 
 Bingen, 20 
 Bird, Jos., 165 
 Bioomfield, Maj. Thos., 23, 
 
 76, 86, 140 
 Boetzig, Lieut, von, 89 
 Bonn, 23 
 Boston, 58 
 Brads, iiead-smith, 102, 109, 
 
 1 10 
 Breton, Cape, 56 
 
»7 
 
 8 
 
 PJUSCH'S yOURNJL. 
 
 I 
 
 i[ 
 
 I ; 
 
 Iketon, North Cape, 57 
 lireymann, Lieut. Col , 145, 
 
 148, 151, 173, 174 
 Breyniaiin's (Brunswick) En- 
 trenchment, 148, 161, 172, 
 
 Breyniann's Grenadier Baital- 
 
 1011, 161 
 
 Brcymann's(Burgoyne's) Hill, 
 
 '45' '76 
 Bristol, 42, 
 British camp, 175 
 British Grenadiers, 162, 165. 
 
 168, 171 
 Brown, Col., 149 
 Brunswick Grenadiers, 73, 93 
 Brunswick Chasseurs, 137 
 Brunswick Infantry. 157 
 Brunswick, Duke of, 4, 37 
 Brunswick Troops, 39 
 Brunswick, Regiment of, 174, 
 
 '75 
 Buckroth, 24 
 
 Biinau, Regiment of, 42 
 
 Buigoyne, Lieut. Gen., 80, 
 
 81, 115, 117, 119, 121, 
 
 '23, 125. 'iO. '36, 137. 
 
 140, 142,^ 149, 151, 154 
 Burgoyne's Campaign, Stone's 
 
 Hist, of, referred to, 133 
 Burgoyne's Army, 175 
 Butler, Dr. James A., sec 
 
 Preface 
 
 C^AIw-ASH, Description of a, 
 ' 70 
 Cambridge Parole, 17, 169 
 Camille Mountains, 59 
 
 Canadian Volunteers, 160 
 
 Cape-de-la- Madelain, 93 
 
 Cape Race, 51 
 
 Cape Ray, 51, 56 
 
 Carleton, Lieut. Gen., 63, 66, 
 82, 98, 103, 104, 113, 115, 
 118, 121, 124, 125, 169, 
 
 ,,'73 
 
 Carleton, a frigate, 83 
 
 Carter, Capt., 74, 75 
 
 Cassel, 18, 126 
 
 Cassel, State Library, 18 
 
 Castleton, Vt., 165 
 
 Caub, 21 
 
 Chambly, 63, 64, 89, 123, 
 
 148 
 Champlain Lake, 61,62,63, 
 
 69 ; Naval Battle on, 82, 
 
 85, 152. '53 
 
 Charlottesville, Va., 139 
 
 Chasseur Battalion, 162, 166 
 
 Chevalier Pfalz Artillery, 
 126 
 
 Chimney Point (Lake Cham- 
 plain), 85 
 
 Christie, Col , 149 
 
 Cilley, Col., 167 
 
 Cillcy's New Hampshire 
 troops, 176 
 
 Cleaveland (Clieland), Adj. 
 Samuel, 124, 127 
 
 Clcrke (Clark), Adj. 
 
 , .'42 
 Clinton, (Jen. Henry, 
 
 152 
 Clunes, Jos., 151 
 
 Coblentz, 21, 22 
 
 Coin, 23 
 
 len. 
 
 '5', 
 
 1 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Crown-Point, 8j, 85, 89 
 Cur-Tricrischc, Frontier of, 
 22 
 
 179 
 
 £)ALGLE1SH. John J., of 
 
 Wi-itgrange, Scotland, 
 138. 
 
 Dalgleish, John, grnndfather 
 
 "^ J^hn J., participates in 
 
 the battles ot Saratoga, 120 
 
 Davis, A. McF., quoted, 57 
 
 DeLoup, River, 65; Parish 
 
 De Pevbter, J. Watts, 138 
 Diamond Ibland, 151 
 Donop, Count, 43 
 Dort, 32 
 
 Dortrecht, 32, 34 
 Dufais, Col., 28, 31, 32. 35 
 37, 64, 72, 83, 84, 87,' 
 
 106, 109, 114, 1,8, ,or 
 
 145, i6o, 172 
 Duplesse, Capt., 43 
 Dupres, Maj. Gen., 129 
 Durham, }. H., 149 
 Diisseldorf, 24 
 
 ££LKING, Max von, 
 quoted, 19, 174 
 
 i^Iectonil Palatinate, 126 
 
 Fmmerich, 25 
 
 Encke, Artiliery-man, 72 
 
 Engelhard, cannonier, 67 
 Engell, Bombadier, 84 
 English Artillery, 165, 166 
 Ensign House, Tne, 170 
 Eriuit, 23 
 Esmond, \Vm., 141 
 
 Esmond Farm-house, 145 
 i6a 
 
 pAHRBACH, Aaillerv- 
 
 man, 173 
 Fauburg de Uecollcxts, 122 
 Faucitt, CVI. Wm., 4,5, 1,.' 
 ^.29>3' 
 
 i^ischer, Henry A., see Preface 
 roxt Carillon ('ricondcroga) 
 ^ 102, 148, 149 
 Fort Edward, 154 
 i^'ort George (Lake Gcorue) 
 
 Fort Leith, 169 
 Fort St. Anna, 93 
 Fort Stanwix, 66, 159 
 Fort Ticonderoga, 102, 150, 
 T. '53 
 
 Foster, Maj., 168 
 Foy, Adj. Gen. Edward. 102 
 IJ9 o> 
 
 Frank/ort, 20 ' 
 
 Fraser, Gen. 139, 147, ,(,0^ 
 
 168, 174, 17b 
 l-rt^erick II, Hereditary 
 
 Pnnce of Hes.se-Cassel, i 
 ,, 3, 6, II, 13, ,7 
 
 i-reeman's Farm, Battle of, 
 
 '32, HU I45i 154 
 frecmin's House, 141 
 Freeman, E. R., quoted, 162 
 t-reesland, a Holland Ship 
 41 
 
 Friedendorf, Capt., 134 
 Frintzell (misprint hr Freit- 
 
 zel) an Artillery-man, 172 
 
 ^71 
 
i8o 
 
 PAUSCirS JOVRNAL. 
 
 m 
 
 \ I 
 
 ■ \ 
 
 /^ALL, Wv^. Gen., 64, 67. 
 ^^ 97, 9:^, 104, 109, 120 
 Gargling, Knsign von, 174 
 Gates, Gen., 139, 157 
 Gates, camp of, 165 
 Gates, council of, 175 
 Gt'ismar, Col. von, 89, 136, 
 
 ,»37i '57 
 George II, 1 1 
 
 George III, 2, 5, ii, 36 
 
 George, Lake, 153 
 
 Gcrlach, Capt. and Guar. 
 
 Mas. Gen., 123, 157, 165 
 
 Gerinaine, Lord George, 66 
 
 German, Capt. von, 89 
 
 German Grenadiers, 162 
 
 Gill, Dr., 151 
 
 Gloucester, a brig., 41 
 
 Gohi-Fish, English, 56, 57 
 
 Gordon, M.ij ,113 
 
 Goring, Mr., 151 
 
 Goulard, a frigate, 47, 48 
 
 Great Redoubt, Tlic, 1 74 
 
 Great Ravine. Tl.e, 176 
 
 Guilderland, Fortress of", 30 
 
 Guitton, a banker, 44 
 
 HADDEN'S ORDERLY 
 BOOK, qu^.ted, 63, 
 81, 1 12. 169, 173 
 Hague, The, 27, 30, 35 
 Halifax, 58 
 
 Hanau, TowJi of, 17, 22, 29 
 Han.iu, Fortress of, 18 
 Hanau, cost of Articles at, 
 
 lOI 
 Hanau ships, 34 
 
 Hanau, Regiment of, 162, 
 
 172. »74 
 Hanau Artillery, 171, 175 
 
 Haidin, Col. John, 176 
 
 Harow .Mr., Supt. of Sailors, 
 
 Hartniann, cannonier, 173 
 Hauicniann, cannonier, 142, 
 
 ».7'. ^n^ 1 75 
 Heide!:iach, Surgeon, 144 
 
 Helvoethiiys, 36. 37 
 
 Hcrmiiin, Lieut., 75. 
 
 Hesse- Cassel, Landgrave of, 
 
 4. 17, 
 Hesse Cassel, Town of, 17 
 
 Hesse-Hanau Artillery, 19, 
 52, 69, 75, 129, 130 
 
 Hesse-Hanau, Regiment of, 
 19, 25, 93, 98,^132, 147, 
 
 154, 159 
 Hessian Chasseurs, 45, 130 
 Hessian Grenadiers, 45 
 Hessian Troops, 39 
 Highlanders, 32d Regiment of, 
 
 176 
 Hoag, Mr., 133 
 Hoover, commander, 29 
 Hospital Guard (Samaritans), 
 
 118 
 Hotel Dieu (Montreal), 61 
 Houghton Lieut., a fire-mas- 
 ter, 75 
 Howe, Gen., 152, 158 
 Hudson River, 132, 133, 141, 
 146, 154, 158 
 
 iBBETSON, Miss, 80 
 •'• Indian Volunteers, 160 
 
INDEX. 
 
 i8i 
 
 inflexible The, a frigat-, 83 
 Isle ad Has, 97 
 
 Uleaux Noix. 78, 81,88, 92, 
 
 102, 123, 151 
 Isle d'Oilcans. 97 
 Isie ot Wight, 47, 55 
 
 TACOIJS, CaptM48 
 J James IV, 113 
 J^hns, Capt., 140 
 Jones, Capt. Ttios.. 79, 81 
 Juno, a ship, 32, 41, 51 
 
 I^ A IS ER, wagon-master, 13 2 
 
 .'Cass (Cassel), 126 
 I^ent, Duke of". 60 
 Kurtzleben, Capt, 43 
 
 LA BLAND, a fri..ate, 62 
 La Coif, Ri/cr, 81 
 
 La Prairie, 64, 67, 89, 128 
 i-'H bavaiine, 89 
 
 La Viilentine, Parish of, 98 
 Learned, Gen., 166 
 Leith, Scotland, 169 
 Leutz, Col., 89 
 Leyden, 27 
 London, 35, 42 
 
 London Chronicle, quoted, 
 113 ^ ' 
 
 Longcuil, Seigniory of, 89, go 
 
 92, 127, 128, 129 
 Lonng, Coinmissuiy Jus.. 140 
 Lossing's Field Boo.k, reierred 
 
 to, 149, J51 
 
 Lotzmann, cannonier, 179 
 Lovvcll, Edward J., i^^,,^. 
 auction by, i~i8 
 
 ^AINZ, 20 
 
 Alal,burg, Frederick de. 
 ^, 16, 17 ' 
 
 A'janual, a transport frigate, 46 
 A arburg, Archives of, 18 
 'Viaria, a frigate, 82 
 iVLiiic River, 20 
 'Viaikiam, W. T., 163 
 AiarschaiJr, AJ.j. Gen., 21 
 
 AJ 
 
 iiy, PiiiiL 
 
 i-'auifhtcr of 
 
 George 11, , 
 Mary, a vessj], 63 
 MaMju r . gf, i'an.h o , 07 
 Aiasiiicne, 05 
 
 iVici'jUith, Haii;.,h, 11^ 
 \,i I. 'J 
 
 iVicuse RivLi, -2 
 Miichelson, Capt., 74, 78 
 AiohawU River, 152 
 ^Vioeler, Robert, see Preface 
 .vioersciicll, a Subaiiern, jtc 
 Al^*"t'y, ^uar. ,Vla». Geij., 
 
 Montreal, 61, 89, 90, 95, 96, 
 9», 99' '03, 121,122, 128, 
 ii9, 132, i4«, 152, is< 
 
 Morgan, Gen. Daniel, f.. 
 13O ''^' 
 
 Mount Dciiance (Ticonder- 
 
 "g'ij. 150 
 Mui.er, H., cannonier, 142, 
 
 'Vlulier, Johannes, 17^ 
 Murphy, "Pat," 168 
 
 JS^'^^^l^-^j cannonier, 109 
 Neilson, quoted, 162. 
 
 NT '^^^' '75 
 iNeuwied, 22 
 
ISi* 
 
 182 
 
 PJUSCH'S JOURNAL. 
 
 ' h 
 
 I' 
 
 ? ! 
 
 Newfoundland, Banks of, 51 
 Nicholas, Island of, 58 
 Nieuenheim, Count, 26 
 Ninnwegtn, 27, 30. 34. 
 North Wessel, 24 '^ 
 
 qBERVVINTER, 22, 23 
 ^^ OfFenbach, 20 
 Ontario, Lake, 152 
 Oswego, 152, 153 
 
 pAPlNEAU, Mrs. L. J. 
 
 ^ A., Letter of, 89 
 
 Paul, cannonier, 173 
 
 Pausch, Capt. George, what 
 is known of him, 17 ; sets 
 oiit for America with his 
 company from Hanau, 19 ; 
 has difficulties with the Cus- 
 tom-House officers in pass- 
 ing through Holland, 26- 
 32 j embarks on the Trans- 
 port ship, Juno, for Que- 
 bec, 32 ; touches at 
 Spithcad, 39 ; visits and 
 describes Portsmouth, 44- 
 46; sets sail from the Isle 
 of Wight for Canada under 
 convoy, 48 ; falls in with 
 an American Privateer, 50 ; 
 meets with an iceburg, 55 ; 
 arrives at Cape Breton, 56 ; 
 catches, eats and enjoys Eng- 
 lish gold -fish, 57 ; reaches 
 the island Nicholas, 58 ; 
 arrives at Quebec, 59 ; at 
 Montreal, -63 ; at Chambly, 
 64 ; his travels in C'nada, 
 
 Pausch, Capt. Geo. — con. 
 65, and forward ; receives 
 an order from Maj. Bloom- 
 field, 73 ; describes the 
 Naval Battle on Lake 
 Champlain, 82 ; receives 
 orders from. Gen. Philips, 
 87-90 ; supplies his men 
 with overalls, socks, caps, 
 mittens, etc., 93 ; in bar- 
 racks at Montreal, 99 ; 
 prepares charges against 
 head-smith. Brads, 102- 
 109 ; describes the differ- 
 ence between the English 
 and German cannon drill, 
 108 ; defends his cannonier, 
 Naiitz, from the insults of 
 English officers, and de- 
 scribes, with great naivete, 
 the character of his alleged 
 offence, no; takes part in 
 a grand Review held by 
 Burgoyne, 121 ; receives 
 tiie thanks of Gen. Phillips 
 for the valuable sf rvices 
 rendered by his company, 
 122; receives orders from 
 Gen. Phillips, 123-129 ; 
 the English artillerists use 
 his style of gun-wipers at 
 the request of Carleton, 
 Burgoyne, and Phillips, 
 
 125 ; descrilies and criticises 
 the English style of loading 
 and firing, and the use of 
 a peculiar kind of wiper, 
 
 126 ; his account of the 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Pausch, Capt. Geo. — con. 
 Actioii of Sept. igtb, 132 ;. 
 also, th» Action oiOct 
 7th, 159 ; takes a stand 
 and places his cannon in 
 position, 162; Riedcsel 
 pays a tribute to him, 138; 
 gets nearly « stuck in a 
 damned crooked road," 168; 
 forced to retreat with the' 
 loss of his cannon — his men 
 " having either all gone to 
 the Devil, or run away ! " 
 17^; his clxaracter for 
 braveiy, 175; reports to 
 his Prince favorably on the 
 conduct of several of his 
 men, 175. 
 Pearl, The, a Royal frigate, 
 
 Pflug, cannonier, 173 
 
 Phillips, Maj. Gen., 66, 71, 
 
 n^ 80, 86, 87, 90, 93, 98,' 
 
 104, 105, 107, 118, 120, 
 
 121, 122, 124, 125, 128, 
 
 „ »3o» ^Z7y 140, 141, 169 
 Point au Feu, 82 
 
 Point aux Tremble, 97 
 Point du Lac, 93 
 Point Neuf, 61 
 Poor, Gen., 166 
 Portsmouth, 36, 40, 42, 46, 
 
 56 
 Powell, Brig. Gen., 150, 154 
 
 183 
 
 QUEBEC, 31, 
 4C 59' 98, 103 
 
 40, 44, 58, 
 
 -. - . '03» »i8> 124, 
 ^28, 139, 151 
 
 RADEAU, The, 74, 75, 77, 
 01, 02 
 
 Rainsford, Col., 27, 28, 29, 
 
 _ 30> 3^35, 37, '30 
 Recollect Parish, 128 
 
 Reislin, Lieut., 135 
 
 Rhineffls, fortress of, 21, 22 
 
 Rhine River, 20, 24 
 
 Richelieu River, see St. Johns 
 River 
 
 Rhctz, Regiment of, q?, i •54 
 
 ^.135, 136, 162 
 
 Riedesel, Maj. Gen., 39, 49, 
 56,64,67,68, 71,84,89, 
 ■03, 104, 115, 133, 134^ 
 
 -,.^36, 137, 142, 146, 154 
 
 Kiedesel, Military Journals of 
 quoted, 168, 171 
 
 Riedesel, Madame, quoted, 
 70, 140,174, 176 
 
 Riedesel, Regiment of, q-i, 
 
 ^ '3«, 159 
 
 Rogers, Gen., Horatio, 
 quoted, 74, 75, 79, 83^ 
 9i> 103, 151, 159, 169 
 
 Rogers, Jos., 162, 168 
 
 Rogers' House, 168 
 
 Rosierc, Cape, 58 
 
 Roth, a driver, 173 
 
 Royal Artillery, Battalion of, 
 93, 1,34, 135, »36, 162 
 
 Royal Iroops, their disposi- 
 tion at Battle of Sept. 19 
 133 
 
 §T. ANTOINE, 66 
 
 St. Charles River, 59 
 St. Goar, 21, 22. 
 
184. 
 
 PJUSCfTS JOURNjIL. 
 
 St. Helen's, Bay of, 47 
 
 St. James* Church, London, 
 
 80 
 St. John's, 67, 88, 89, 90, 
 , 95, •23,132, 148 
 St John's River (Sorel, Cham- 
 
 bly, Richelieu), 62, 78, 96, 
 
 123 
 St. Lawrence River, 59, 78, 
 
 93»i27, 152 
 St. Lawrence Parish, 128 
 St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 56 
 St. Leger, Col., 66, 130, 131, 
 
 152, 153» 154 
 
 St. Magdalene Islands, 57 
 
 St. Paul Island, 57 
 
 St. Peter's Bank, 51 
 
 St. Pierre, Lake, 61, 62, 65, 
 
 93. 97 
 
 Saratoga Monument Associa- 
 tion, 168, 176 
 
 Saratoga Springs, 176 
 
 Samaritans (name of a Hos- 
 pital Guard), 1 18 
 
 Sartorius, Lieut., 97, 104 
 
 Schichten, Capt., 146 
 
 Scheft'er, cani.onier, 173 
 
 Schenken-Schanz, 25, 26, 28, 
 
 Schmidt (Smith), Capt. Ed- 
 ward, 32, 38, 52 
 
 Schmidt (Smith), Capt, Wm. 
 P., 169 
 
 Schmidt, Paymaster, 44 
 
 Schoel, Capt., 89, 97, 159, 
 172 
 
 Schultz, Councillor, 144 
 
 Schutzen, Lieut., 90 
 
 Scibold, cannonier, 91 
 Solomons, Lieut. Gen., 25 
 Sorel, River, see St. John's 
 
 River 
 Spangenburg, Lieut., 20-24, 
 
 26, 31,40, 68, -Ji, 81, 87, 
 
 90 92. 97. 
 Spech, Col., 159, 174. 
 Specht, Col., 39. 41, 42,48, 
 
 159. 
 Specht, Regiment of, 93. 
 Spithead, 39-43 
 Stade, 39 
 State ot the Expedition (Bur- 
 
 goyne's) referred to, 162 
 Stedman's History criticised, 
 
 138 
 Stillwater, N. Y., 145, 162 
 Stone, Wm. L., 103 ; his 
 
 map of Battle of Oct. 7th, 
 
 163. 
 Stude, an Envoy, 43 
 Suffolk, Eirl of, 4, 14, 17 
 Sword's House, 133 
 Sword, Thos. son of the. 
 
 owner of " Sword's House, 
 
 »33 
 
 '-pAYLOR, a Banker, 44 
 ■■■ Tartar, a Royal frigate, 
 
 Three Rivers, Town of, 62, 
 
 64, 72, 93, 106 
 Tour, Lieut., 90 
 Trinity Church Yard, N. Y., 
 
 Thos. Swords buried in, 133 
 Twenty-Ninth Regiment, 122 
 Twiss, Lieut. Wm ,151 
 
 ^ 
 M 
 
62, 
 
 TjNGEPv,amountebank, 143 
 Utrecht, 27 
 
 ylCTORIA, Queen, 60 
 
 Vincent, Cape, 149 
 Vogel, Eugene, see Preface 
 Vogt, a driver, 173 
 
 T17ACHERS, Capt., 123 
 ^^ Wahl, River, 28 
 Waldeck, Prince of, 29 
 Waldeck, Prince, Battalion 
 
 and Regiment of, 40, 43 
 Waldeck, Town of, 39 
 Walpole, Horace, i 
 Walter, cannonier, 109 
 Walworth, Mrs. Ellen H., 
 
 176. 
 Washington, Army of, 158 
 Weld, quoted, 70, 74, 75 
 Weil, cannonier, 173 
 West, Cape, 57 
 Westover, Bird R. L., 165 
 Wilbur'sBasin, 133, 134, 154 
 Wilkmson, quoted, 174 
 Wilhelmstadt, 32, 36 
 
 INDEX. jgr 
 
 William III, Count and Land- 
 grave of Hesse-Cassel, i, 
 H» 18, 9, 25, 105, 175, 
 170 
 
 Williams, Maj., 67, 122, 125 
 
 165, 169. ' 
 
 Williamson (Williams?) Mai 
 
 "5 
 Wind-Mill Point (Lake Cham- 
 
 plain), 82 
 Woehler (mis-printed Wachter 
 
 and Wachler), a bombadier 
 
 9^.172, 173 
 Wutgmau, Gen. von, 21 
 
 Wutginau, Regiment of, 42 
 
 yAGER, Battalion, 145, 
 
 152, 162 
 York, Lieut. Jno. H., 769 
 Yorke, Sir Jos., 4, 27 
 
 ylECiENHAIN, Fortress 
 ^ of, 18 
 
 Zieuhler, cannonier, 173 
 Ziglamon,a wagon-master, 142 
 Zons, 23, 24 
 
Ifl 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 89, 1st line, for Barness, read Earner. 
 Page 129, 1st line, 2d If, for Barmer, read Barnes. 
 
 Page 42, 1st line, 3d. 1] for Wultgenau and Bunan, read Wutginau and Bunau 
 P-ige 138, last l.ne in note, after John J. Dalgleish F. S. A. add «« Scot, of West- 
 grange, and of " 
 
 Page 144, 13th line from top, for fifty, read seventy. 
 
 Page ,74, amo^ig those of Pausch's men captured read, '« also Bombadier Wall.'