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D This item )• f ilimd at the reduction ratio checlced below / Ce document est filmi au teux de rMuction indiqu^ ci-dessous. lOx 14x 18x ??x 26x 30x y 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x Tha copy filmed h«r« has baan raproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: National Library of Canada L'axamplaira filmA fut raproduit grwca A la g4n«ro8it* da: Bibliothequa nationale du Canada Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacificatiens. Las imagas suivantas ont *t* raproduitas avac la plus grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nanati da Taxamplaira film*, at an conformity avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Original copias in printod papar eovars ara filmad beginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printed or illustrated imprea- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first paga with a printed or iilustreted impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or iilustreted impression. tes exempleires originaux dont la couvanure tn papier est ImprimAe sont filmSs en commancant par la premier plat at en terminant toit par la darniAre page qui comporie une empreinta d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par la second plat, salon la ess. Tous las autres exemplsires originaux sont filmis an commencant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illuatration at mn terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle •mprointe. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol ^^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever appliaa. Un daa symbolas suivants spparaitra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le eaa: la symbole — ^^signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbole ▼ signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, stc, may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure tr* filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames es required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent etre filmis i des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour itra reproduit en un seul clich*. il est film* * partir de Tangle supOrieur gauche, de gaucho A droite. at de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaira. Lea diagrammes suivants illustrent la mOthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MIOOCOW ■fSOlUTION TEST CHART ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2| ^ -APPLIED IfvHGE ■653 East Moin Street Bocnester. Ne. York ,450^ uSA (716) 452 - 0300 - P-- ore ("6) 288 - 5989 Fo. GEOLOGICAL SUItVEY OF CANADA KDHKKT HI'.LI,, I.S.O.. M.I).. D.S.. (C.vmm..), M, IL, I' KH , THE MINERAL PIGMENTS CANADA C. W. WILLIMOTT. OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT .MAJEST\ 1906 ip=:«KTT:i.T.-,«,i:»-Tr.-~-.7r-i~--i„y^.^... . No. 913. i; ''•'^^■^\ i!.2L'O;-i:0 ,E 'ii^i-O'-ii' ^^^ 2^uli^o7 L EUJLtCATIONS Dd uO. (ii:()L()(.ic.\L sriiVKV ov canama IMI'.KIJT r.Kl.l., I.S.o,. M.h.. It,? "^M.u, . I..I,.I>.. I.l:>.. Till: MINERAL PIGMENTS CASADA C. \V. WILLI Mi/lT 1 1 T T A W A I'ltlNTKI) V.Y S, K. DAWSOX. riUNTKK TO THK KINO .Mosi K\CEI,I,i:\T MAIKSTY 1 'Jfjil 1 Ml' I So. tmv. ;> To lidhKiri liKLi.. I.S.(j. M |», liSi. (C'Hntiili), (.1. !>.. K.U>, aw Acting; Diicclnr < it'olo^'ic/il Survey of Ciinada. !S||;, F li('j{ to su'>lliit lit'icwitli llift report of -inue i\(iei iiiiii/> with the viirious pigments that can be derived from tiiiini.i'-. i,. hn - and olhvs. either in their rrudc- state or \sy liuriiini.'. I luive the hiinoi r to Ik Sir, Your cl»edieiil x'rvatit. C. NV. WILL .M(»JI Ottawa. May. I'.Hi: P«^f. t9Q5 < < »NTi:\Ts I. '<.H|- « i.l, inn. ,;,' i.f Ciriiiiit- mill Mcirlir- ('.i!..iii< iii.Kliiicil f , iiiiiirrnU l.v I'li.iniinl Ir. ..im.r.t liivii, . ''Iiri'lni- . . S liwiiiifiirl >r..l>l„l,niii» , .1. .['.'.'.'.".['.' U.-.1 ; ■ ■ ltnt\Mi Iii'liiiii Siillll:i. liiiiilt ... |{a« 'I'itliliiuhi. ... fll.lHi-. lilllllt K.in ..'....,'.'.... uiiit.. ' '■■" /iiif \Ml..u, Clin,,,,,- ...\ ',,,, i 'iiiii.niiMn (.•|| .\l..i> .SlTotltl II.] - 11 i;< It I'- r ]>■ It ;it .i'.t II r. I- \l. i: 1^ i: :i| •J.1 •Ji ■'I ■-'1 :.'l 1- ■ji) II 1:; ■ill :il I* :il :ii .■:i I Ml r- Tin: MIM:itAIJM(Oli:NTS el' CANADA. Tliin Work w.i*.oiniimm.'il iihmil ivu.yiai 11,0 w'il-u f\|..'i iiiu'iii h " 'ii. iiiail.' on »w\\ nu'iilHi ..( iK'Urvn, cla>« ami utltu min.'ml- a- Win- tlii.iight might p,»,i.ss sutlivient c..Uiuiiii« iH«U.r VmkU -uh ^tiinei' >v,n rtMluwtl f.. a i'mk^ povul, r .iml tlirri «i..uiiil in i.-. titi.'.l liii.seed nil, Tli« iMiiiit thus oht.iirii'.l wa- aj.pli-.l t.. ilif miifii. .• ,.t acadt-niy iMwud uml (illnwoil i.t .,tntiil ..x|«w..i| t.. sunllKlit iitid ilaini.- lies.-* for two yviitH. This vfiir all thu pi-.M..(lirii: sui.siHiio.-s wit.' «i.'ain KioHlid in oil, ami the f h jminl was »,.iiipiiipii « iiji ihonr ihit hail iH'en fxpoHr.!, wh.-n it .... found vim.. int.'iPstin.; . han:,'PH had tak.'i, place, Miori' particul.irly with the unhurrit .«'hri'». Sm i tli.'so had clmii«Ml their tints cnlin-jy, oliiPi- w.t.- mioiv or l.'<.> dark.ti.l, whilf a uif'it iiiiinl»»i- leiii.iini'd pi'i tnant-nt. A not'^.-ahlf fi'ntut.', liowe\fi. with ii.'arly all the ochres is their t.iidcii y to dark.-n, rath.-r than !i«htfn, after Ion- t xposurc, which is inv.iriahly the .u-' with im ported pi'4nients. That the class of pigments at present in us- in the niaiorily of cities of Canada is of very inf. rior c|uality no one wh<. knows any thinn "f tl"»' pianietit trade will seriously deny. .Most of the import.'.' paint is adulterated to an almost incredilile decree .\ iii| e of Venetian red in tlii.'. city exaudned l.y me did not •■ontain ler rent of the s.8i|uio\ide of irili> ,-,t'!ir ■,(' ttl«,iii di) per leni. How different is this from the r.i;,,„enu ineMmei us per I'ent 1 Inert material 7'. " •' li\ «.'ii;|it. ('arl)onate of lime :\\ ■• .. | Their Tu>can red must contain the greatest possihle amou,,i of the so.s,|uioxide, a nuanlity of carl)onate of lime raiiiiinj; between .'i and ■" p.'r cent, and orgaiuc colouwnj; matter not exceeding 15 percent. For this particular colour they refuse any paint that contain^ less than 7" per cent of the sesquioxide. G MINKUAL I'IfJMEMS It is Ijiul euuugli to know tliiit the pigment tiailo of Caiiiula insists on higiily nciultenitcij uoi.ds, Imt if tiif trad.' must liave sudi infpiior colours lit least let us do our own mixing. We have all the inert m.iterials at hand- gyjisum, silica, serpentine, sonpstone, ashestine, etc. — all of which may bo used judiciously in the light coloured paints l)Ut must be shunned in tlie ilarker or heavier o.hrus, if the depth of colour is to be sustained. Not only, however, may tlie inert malirial Ix found in abundance in this country but the paint material iiself is so frequently met with and is in general so easily mlni'd that it is altogether surprising >o •ittle advantage is taken of the resources that nature has lairl, so to speak, at our doors, fndeed, the rpiality of our ochies is so superior that there is no real I'eason why any inert material should be used at all. Tn the following pages aie included the more important results of e.xperiments on some hundreds of samples of our Canadian ochies. They are given in the hope that they may help the paint manufac- turers of Canada (i give the home produce a chance and thev are written with a view to show that in almost every colour a paint of good liody and permanent tone may be produced. Over two hundred samples of clays collected between the Atlantic and Paciticj oceans were tested for their colouring properties. Each sampl • was ground to a fine powder, a portion of which was used in its raw state, another portion being exposed fr>r fifteen minutes to the heat of a blast lamp, the results of which will be found embodied in the following pages. .Mi;ny of the crude clays were found to possess ample bodies and colours to constitute good paints, and though their durability may be safely predicted, it can only be determined by prolonged exposure. The .same may be said of the burnt material, but it is reasonable to expert that their permanency may be regarded with less doubtful apprehension. — on account of the destruction of all organic matter. The colours " yellow," " brown " and " brown yellow " referred to so often in the following jiages are in tone similar to the raw sienna of commerce but vary very much in eacii case, although some good typical law sienna colours were obtained from the burnt days. Numerous experiments have been made with such minerals as were thought to possess sufficient body for making paints. Each mineral was reduced to a tine powder, ground in oil on plat.- glass to the con- sisten.-y of ordinary paint and then applied to the surface of academy board, which was allowed to stand for about two years exposed to sun- light anil damp, but in the interior of a building. The results of this IILLIMOTT INlliilDLTTIOX. 7 pi-oceduio will lie j,'i\en uikIit »>iioli mineral so tivatfil. iJo^ides u^in<' these minerals in their cnulo state each one, after previous grinflinsj, wa> exposed for about fifte<*n minutes to the heat of a Mast lamp and in uiy lirilliant folours were olitaine 1 Ijy tliis oxidi/in^' prooess. ft would appear from remarks made from time to time hy interested p:iint maiiufa;turer.s that they look for material that is suitable for theii- particular machines rather than provide machines suital)le for the material, f have found, that, althou;^h many of our ochres and clays are free from grit, it is present in others. In I'onderunin;,' tli(jse containing ;;ritty material that, in many cases, iloe> not constitute one per cent and wliicii lannot possibly detract from its body, some of the most valuable pigments must be ignored. I found no difficulty in icducing these ochres and 'lays, and, although they appeared gritty in grinding they eventually made a perfectly smooth paint. I have also heard from paint manufaetuiers that we have noCinadian ochres fit for use, more especially yellow (jchre. To a certain extent this is true res|)ecting this particular colour for although wo have many bright loloured ochres which have the desired shade when in dry powder, they bei.'ome brownish when ground in oil. If this ochre be nuxed with forty to si.xty pel' cent of some light coloured material such as clay, gypsum, etc., it will then be found to possess a larger percentage of oxide of iron than most of the imported material and will at the same time product- the desired shade of colour, f may mention that a sample of imported yellow ochre, purchased in this city, was found to be extremely gritty, much moie so, indeed, than many of our local ochres. .Mr. M. V. Ciinaor found it to contain seventy live percent insoluble and t'-n ])er cent of oxide of iron : from this we may infer that either a ferruginous clay, or a clay mixed with ochre, was u.sed. .Many of our metallic minerals, when ground in oil, were found to possess very strong covering bodies, several of which will cover well with one application. The (juestiiuis naturally arise, will those colours stand, most of then b< ing subject to oxiilation by the atmosjihere : and what length of time will be reiiuired to cause this oxidation, -ludging fi >m my observations of minerals exposed to the atmosphere in the -Museum yard, their deterioration would re(|uire a greater lan^; of time than is re<[uired to deface our modern paints.* Aliout two years ago I discovered that magnetic iron ore, when i.'i0Mnd in oil, had a very strong body and would cover almost any ' W'licn piiiiitiM^ uut the (hiraliility ■■I .-niiu' uf thi'^' iin'tallic paints fi a I'.itain paint iimiiufactiirfi' hf ifplii'd tliat thi' p/iiiits tliat ri'i|iiiitly Mlpplil'l. 8 MlNEItAI. HI(i."E\T.s. surface with one coat. I^st year, I believe, magnetic iron ore, said to come from Lake Champiain, was being "{round in Pennsylvania for making paint. IW.AC'K. I'yrolusite. — Tennycape, Hants Co., N.S. This mineral is easily reduced to u fine powder and when ground in oil, makes a very good black paint of an extra strong body,— if the mineral be previously burnt, the colour is somewhat enhanced. This has not been tested for exposure. If this black, particularly the unburnt mineral, be mixed with white, it makes fine, warm grays. Pyrolusite is found at several places in Nova Scotia in se.i[regated accuraulations in the CarlK>niferous, but the high price of this mineral will probably preclude its u.so as a paint. Ulibnite.- -\\B.\\ilm), Hants Co., N.S. This mineral is easily ground in oil, and makes a blue black paint of very good body. It lightens slightly on exposure. In a deposit known as the West (Jore Mine Hants Co., N.S. a vein of this mineral alx)Ut six feet wide occurs in talcose slate, and has been worked at interval''. This mineral is also found at Piince William in New Brunswick and in South Ham in Quebec. Mining operations were carried on some years ago in both these provinces. C7(n/cocj7?. — Dorchester, Westmorland Co., N.Li. This mineral is rather easily reduced to a powder, and when ground ill oil, makes a very good black with a heavy body, and is permanent after exposure. It is generally accompanied by the oxide or carbonates and although their preuobcc. If this stone be reduced to a fine powder and then ground in oil, it produces a very good black paint, suitable for outside use. It has a fairly good body and is unclsanged after exposure. Theiv are large deposits of this argillaceous limestone in the City of Quebec that have been worki'd almost continuouslv during the ])ast forty years for making cement. S -e Report 1803, p. SO.'j. Jjornit". — Leeds, Megantic Co., •^»ue. If this mineral be reduced to tine powder and then ground in cjjl, it makes a very good brown-black paint of a strong body, which lighten< a little after exposure. If the mineral b^ roasterl before it is gioui.d in oil its colour is more intense and blacker ; if these colours be niixed with white, their middle tints are purplish and their lower tints vej v warm grays. Dornite is often associated with other ores of copper, as at the old Harvey Hill Mines in Leeds, where it is frecjuently mixed with copp. pyrites, although large pockets of Rornite occur free from the yellow sulphide. This mineral is met with in several other places in the Province of Quebe.'. Parry sound. Out., and Howe sound, B.C. may be cited as the more prominent loealitie.s where this mineral is known to occur, bt.t it is found in other places in British Columbia a.s also in the Yukon. J/Kt/wti/e.—Haycovk .Mine, Templeton, Wright Co., Que. 1 MP :.' 10 MINKn.M. I'lOMKXI'S. If this mineral be reduced to a fine powiler ami then ground in oil it niaki's a gray black paint of a very strong body, and is permanent after <'xposure. Magnetite occurs in veins, (in a highly feldspathii' gneiss), whidi ate from .; few inclies to several feet in tiiieknoss. This property was first o])ened in 1872. At that tinu' extensive preparations were made to smelt the ore on the spot. Cliarcoal furnace.s and other accessories were constructed, but the \enture, so far as I can learn, was not attended with success. The mine has recently been acquired by !\Ir. J. O. Hibbard. of Detroit, T.S, The liicalitiivs from which magnetite has been derived are too numerous to mention in detail. It is found in neaily all the Provinces of the Dominion but has been more particularly developecl in f)ntario. Arseiiopi/riti'. — Marmora Tp., Hastings Co., ()nt. This mineral is rather easily reduced to a fine powder a: '. when ground in oil, makes a grey black paint which lightens, on exposure, to u greenish black ; it has a very good body. If this black be nii.xetl with wiiite, its tints are decidedly purple. Arsenopyrite is generally associated with the auriferous rocks, sometimes form'n; the ganguc of gold. It occurs in the township of Marmora in some quantity and is also found in the Provinces of Nova Scotia, Quebec, and British Columbia. — Se:^ Arsenopyrite under " Browii Red. " I'yrrhotile — lilewird Tp., N'ipissing dist, Ont. This mineral grinds rather easily and, when ground in oil, makes a gray black paint of a strong covering body, but develops, on expo sure, grayish .streaks that mar its uniformity. As this mineral is widely distiibuted throughout the Dominion, it is needless to men'^ion any particular locality, but it is found move particularly developed in the Sudbury region where it is mined for the nickel it contains. See Pyrihotite under Indian Red. « Anthracite. — Anthracite, Alberta. This mineral requires a little time to reduce it to a fine powder. It must then be thoroughly dried and ground in oil, when it makes a black of fairly good body. It has not been tested by anv lengthy exposure. {r'a^i'tta. — (irover claim, Slocan, West Kootenay, B. C f III.ACK. II If this iiiiiieral, free fioin impurities, l)e groumi in oil it niulifs h very fine liliio liluck [mint of extra strong Ixnly, witli exceedingly giioil covering properties and is apparently uiulianged on exposure. The colour is not dianged after roasting. (ialeiia has a very wide range throughout the dominion, heini; found in nearly all the provin<'es. I shall not therefore rtteuipt to particularize any locality, foi' no doubt it.s properties a.s a paint will vary little from whatever source it be obtained. l; V\V t .MIll.K. /(•«;/ richn: — East Chester, Lunenburg Co., N. S. This ochre whicli is free from grit and wliich, when ground in oil makes an excellent raw umber paint, has good covering propeities, is ahnost permanent and should eoniniend itself to all manufacturers of paints. Small i|uantities of this ochre have been used locally for several years from depo.'iits which occur at different points along St. Margarets I'.ay. Their relative thickness and area have not been a.scertained. See Iron Ochre under liurnt Umber. Limoni/i'. — Ijondonderry, Colchester Co., N. S. Tliis sample was very much oxidized, and when reduced to powder and ground in oil a jmed a distinct!)' brown colour which can be referred to burnt umber, but after exposur.- its tone changed to that of raw uudjer : it has a very strong IxmIv. Limonite occurs as a decomposition product resulting froni the alteration of the siderite and ankerite that occur in veins and segregated accumulations, more particularly in the counties of Colches- ter and Pictou, Nova Scotia. This mineral is found in many places in these counties and minute descriptions of its mode of occurrence and working are elahorat 'ly dwelt on in the Reports of the (leological Sur^ vey. See particulatly Report 7.'!--7 b See Limonite under Urown lied. Brown Ochre and Indian Red. B '(/ Manffatie.ii . — (Wad). Mechanics Settlement, Hillsborough, Albert Co., N.R This is slightly gritty but easily reduced to a line powder and when ground in oil pr.iduces a dark brown p lint approaching raw umber but with a warmer tone. It has a good covering body and is but little changed after exposure. This deposit covers an area of from eighteen to twenty acres and is from a few inches to thirty feet in 12 MIXDIUI. I'luMKMS thick-ne.s>i, covered witli a tVw inches of vf-etiible matter. Tliis has been used in a bii.|uett.'(l form in ilio m.iniifa-Mir." of spicj^eleisPn ami feiTO-iuan^'iinese. .Sfc Hog Muriganesc unil<"r \iiiulyk.' brown. C/(/vs C/,ty.—St. Malo, Champlain Co., Que. This clay (which is worked liy the Canada Paint Company of .Nfont- real) is tree from grit, and, when ground in oil, produces a raw uiuber of a good body, butdarkens very much on .'xposure. .See Ferruginous Clay under Indian lied. I'.riiNT IMi'.Kl!. Ii-nn 0<7(>v.— East Chest, r, Lunenburg Co., N..S. If this ochfe, wliich is fr,.e from grit, is l.umt and then ground in oil it produces a rich burnt umber paint, somewhat stnmger in body than the raw, and is almost perman-nt, and, like the raw^(uliich sc', page 11), shoul.l commend itself to all pigment manufacturers, .-^ee Iron Ochre under Raw Umber. d((X'/'(V?. — Londonderry, Colchester Co., X.S. This mineral in the raw state has not much body, but if it b^i reduced to a tine powder (which is accomplished without much diiK- culty)and then rested, it makes a very fine burnt ui. '.er oaint of an e.xtra strong body an,, wliich has remained unchanged aftei' exposure. This mineral occurs in veins and segregateil accumulations near the contact of the Carboniferous and older n^cks, more j arlicularly in the counties of Colchester and Pictou, X.S. See Report 1873-4. .SVeZ-'z-iV^.—Londonderry, Cnlchcster Co., X.S. This mineral lias no body in its raw state, but if it be reduced to a line powder and roasted, and tl.en grouml in oil it makes a ve,y line » ir.'.iMciii lUHXT t >lliKlt. 1:1 burnt umber paint of lui extra strong Iwdy and hits r. inaiii.d un ciianned after exf)nsun>. This mineral often occur* iissociateil witii anktritc in veins anii aocuinuliiterl masses near tlio contiut of the Ciirlioniferous ami older rocks, particularly in the counties of t*c.|. Chester and Pictou, X. S See Report 1»73 71. C/ay. -Limehouse, llalton Co., Ont. This, sample, which ha.s a fircenish gray colour and is free from grit, has no body in itself, but, when mixed with white it niake.s .some dclii(htful gray tones that could be obtained only by the mo.st e.vpen artist. If this clay be burnt and then ground in oil it makes ,i lixlit-liodied burnt umber which has remnin.'d permanent after exp... sure. This material was u^ed some years a'.'o by Mr. James Newton, Paint Manufacturer, Liniehouse, Ont. SiJerite.- Helen mine, Michipicolen, Algoma, Ont. This mineral in itself is of little use as a [.iyment except \\\un mixed with a small proportion of the oxide : it then [.rtxlucea some nice ."iKwles of the umber. If it be roasted and then yrf)und in oil it makes a jjood burnt umber with a strong coverinf; body. This has not been tested for any length ..f tune l>ut it will probablv darken u little. Three san.ples were tried from the above locality. («i, >iderite, (/*) siaind in the provinces of l!titii-h Cnhiniljiii, (Juebee .and No .^cotia, i;H(i\vn l'hah''i'{i.\ — Horchester, Wtsiniorland Co.. N.ll. If this miner.,1 be 1 educed to a powder, then roasted and un.und in oil, it makes a paint of a dark brown coNiur, iiaving a very good cover- ing quality ; if this be mixed with white it makes a good substitute for lione brown. See Chalcocite under l>iaek. 14 MINKIIAL IMiiMKNTS ferrtujitinin A'o.X.— .Sackvillc, W.'stmorlaiKi Co., N'.lt. This rock U i!y ivilu'-ed t<» a tine powder am] is free from i,'rit. WIh'ii t[roui»d in oil it produn-s a fine brown paint althougli, when iiiixi-d Willi white, its tintH are dctidediy pinkish. It lias a very good liody and is permanent. It' thi rock bo pnniously roasted its colour i^ greatly enhanced and sliijhtly redder. Sjt/ia'erltf. Calumet Lsland, Pontiac Co., t^uc. This inineriil was mixed with a small (juantity of ^'alena, and wh.'ti Ki-ounil in oil, niado u line brown paint re.semblinj,' the middle ton^s of Cappa^h brown ; it has a <,'oo(J covcrin;,' body and is permanent after exposure. Sphalerite whs mined rather extensively for zinc, some years m;o, by the (Jrand (.'aliimet .Mining Co. .See Sphalerite under Yellow Ochre. VA.\|i\i,j Mo„gane^e;~{\\'n., <;ui'. Ihis sumple wan found to Ik- u litlli' j^iiitty but, when jjtoniul in oil. jiri)fliirotl a siiiDOtli paint of a br>iwii iithre niliiui', wliicli wlini iiii\''il with white pr(Mluces tints of yellow ochn- ami Imi a very «oo(l l).i(ly. See Iron Ochie uniler ISuriit Sienna. Iron Ochre. — Pointe du Ijic, .St. .Mautice Co,, t^iic. This ochrtj was found to I* fiw from j^rit and wlu'n grouml in oil iniido a brown ochre paint of a lif,'lit b^xly, which slightly darkened on expo'nt. This mineral is free from urit and when (,'round in oil makes a brown ochre paint of a very .stronj; Ixxly and is unchanjjed after exposure. A similar colour was prepared some years ago by the heeds I'aint .Manufacturing Co., Leeds Ont. .See l5og Iron under Hu.nt Sienna. //•<)// Ochre. — .Ste. Anne de Montmorenci, .Montmorency eo,, (Jiie, This ochre is comparatively free from ;,'rii and when ground in oil produces a brown ochre paint of a miildlin},' body, but darkens consider- ably on exposure. .See Iron Ochre under liurnt Sienna and Haw Sienna. Limonite. — Helen Mine, Micliipicoten, Algoma, Ont. When this mineral is reduced to a tine powder, and then ground in oil it makes a brown ochre paint "f a very good bo\VX (HIIKK. Iron Ochre. Vointe du X.,ac, St. .Maurice Co., t^ue. This ochre was found to be free from grit : when burnt and gmund in oil it makes a burnt-brown ochre paint of a weak l)ody which dark- ens very much on exposure. 16 MIXKHXt. ■■laMKVTt N«>e Iron Ochre under Cippaiili Iln)wii, C'ttlwioniiin Hrown, Drown Oclirtj mid Murnt Mienna lrn>, O'/.r.. -Cap de la Ma>l<'lt>inf, Cli-iinplain Co,, gue. This ochr.- waa found to !..• frw from Krit. ft was then burnt and ground in oil i>nd produ.od a puint which I Hhall provisionally call hurnt l.rown orhro ; it haH a very utroii- Ixxjy and i« alnioHt periniinent. Iron ochre extends in thin nci«hlK>«rh;.~~C;tc St. Charles, \'audreuil, Vaudrouil C. , (^uc. This ochre is rather gritty in xrinding but is otherwi.sc easily reduc- ed to a pow.ler. Wlien this is l.u,-nt and th"n Kround in oil i't makes a paint r.-sfnd)linj{ pnissian brown, of a ^ood body and perman. nl after exposure. See Iron Ochre under Haw .Sienna. /,„„ 0,7,r^.- Six or seven miles s„uth of summit .,f Crowsne^t pass, Jioeky -Mountains. If this ochre be burnt and then ground in oil, il pr.Kluces a prussian brown paint of a strong body with both cle.ir and briglit ton.-. It is unchiiii;,'ed on exposure. This . .mple was sent ir. by .Mr. W. T. .lenninK an'l is said to occur in some niantity. See Iron Ochre under P.rown Ochre. 1,0., O'Vov.— ll)irri.son lake, aU.ut JO mil.'s north of Hot Springs, RC. This ochre is sligl.tly .;ritty in grindin-,' and when ground in oil ,,ro. ducer, a j)aint resembling prussian brown, of a very good bodv and dark- ening but slightly on exposure. Sample sent by .Mr. .Jolm P. Mrown. (■.\r,KUONI.\\ r,|;(»u.\. Iron Of/or.— Pointe du Lac, St. .Maurice Co.. (^lue. This ochre was found to be free from grit and wh.sn burnt and ground in oil makes a good caledoidan brown, of a middling Ix.dy wiiich is dark- ened but sliglitly by exposure. In the St. Nicholas range of the above seignioiy several hundred acres are covered with various ( -ji-ed i,on oxides varying in thick- I'AI.KIHINIAN HIIOWN. i; ncss from fix in li'-i i<> i'.iur tiTt, wiili |.im liii|.-< ;tri -n.-t r^-r nf i i,lii.(n iliilit'K. Sir h'tiii il.hri' uml.'r < '.ii.tj.iyli lin.w n, |;'..«ii < »,|in', Itutril hrnwn (U'liic ami liuiiit Sicr>ii,i. rvi'i' vi;ii r.itowN. B'-y It'iu i)r>-. Sir. ^^lllllMlt• .Mnritiii in iiri, Moiiiiiinri'iii'y Co, i^dic. '\\\U '\* frw fniiii j{rit uiiil Krinilsciisily in nil to iiliii.wM [lainl riscni l>liiij{Cjii>i>a«li brown ; it liik>il (111 fxpo.utc. Si'i- lUijf On iiiidir \'i r..ii . Ilnmii, III • ji Itcd iitid Uuitil Sictitiii. IfiiH 0.7ic»".— I'.iind' ill) i.jir, Si. Muuriif Cn,, Que. 'I'liis . Im- luid I'.iiiiii lliown I'liif. V'Kl.l.uw (i(|||;r,. Ii-im Oi-hf. -C'lrii'tim, I'mi: ■ inturo t' i., '}\\>-. Tlii-i iifliic waM fiMiiii. tn 111' t'ri'c fiuni l'hi iihI when ur.iund in nil mad ' ft ivi'ii'iil yi'llov. nclirc piint ; ii li .^ u iniddlini: i,'iii d Imdy .iinj is only tlinliliy darki'iifd aft' r i\|i.isuri'. Sphnlrritii, — C'aluinc-t Isliitiu, Punliao t.'n. tin's of ('alednnian Urown ; it has a very ;j;i«)d Ixidy but has imt been tested for e.xposine. See Sphftleiite under Ibown. IruH Ochi-e. -Wa,WuvXi\;u\\, Xnrfnlk t'n., ():.t. This Dohr.i is sli^'htly gritty \n ^'rindin^' b'lt nth^Twise it is easily reduced and w!i n tjivmnd in oil prud'ic'' a yel:n>v .1 \,\v paint nf n in;ddliii-.{ li idy wliii'h d.irkrn< o msi iei ahi^ on cviiimIic. It was used SDMI' y.'irs a;^ I by Lli" 1> le'i man Min>id (.; 1. nf lltmilt m, Oi.t. (iDl.DKN iM HI;,'. Iron Oe/iri'.— Paint ISrook, one mile eist of Klmsvaie, Halifax Co N.S. This ochre was f mnd to be free frmn i;rit and when :,'rniind in r.il made ft goliien ochro paint of a very siip'i: u- ipiality ; it is enual, if not better than, the imported cmIoup in tnb-^s. It has verv -nod bodv 1 -Mr ;t 18 NINKH^I. I'K.UtilNDI and shiiulil conHtiim.) n very unpful piaiiii-ii?.. (t i< ff.uml in mmi.iiiI pla-en in the iieixlilx.urli.uHl iiH.,.Ki:it..(l with ,x ii',iiiisli ...hiv iiixl underlAiil Uy cluy iron. See Iron Oehn* umlir H-irnt Sicnni*. Ste. Uo-te, Jnliette Cii., (^up. ThiM (M-hre wnn f»uti(l tii Im gritty in «iinilin«. hut whiii Kioiiml in uil made a vory Hnmoth piiint ; its .i.l.iur it ilmt of /i «..|.|fi. i». hn-, extroinely bright with h i^.hwI ho.Iy, und lonitituti-s an •■x.vllint piginpiit. riXNAMoX YKr.l.oW. Fernii/inoiin Cliii/. — Punk islniid, bikn Winniiifs:, Miiri. This is (.lijjhlly «titly in Krin.linu' l.nt in ..ihcfwiM' t-nsily r.'dui-.'d Ic. a tine p)wd«T nnd when grimn.l in oil piiKJuctvi n cinimin.in y.-ilow paint; hut unfortiiniitr-ly, this hrilliiitit yi'llo* dm ki-ns con'^iihTiihly on exfxjsuio nnd is <»therwiso niuried liy its str.iiki- 1 ii|i|ir iruncf, diiR to the liirjjo iimuunt ehre. Eli7.al>eth, Joliotte Co., Que. This ochre is slightly gritty and when ground in oil prwiiiees a raw sienna paint of a thin body which darkens slightly on exposure. This ochre is prolwibly drrived from the disintegration of the liog ores that occur in this neighbourhood. .See Iron (»chre under Hunit Si.ntia. Lot 13, Range 9, Sfanstead, .Stanstead Co., Que. This ochre is apparently free from giit and when ground in oil makes a raw sienna paint which darkens slightly on exposure ; it has a very gt ■ \ covering body. Cote St. Charles, Vaudreuil Co., Que. This ochre is slightly gritty in grinding but is otherwise easily reduced and when ground in oil makes ;. g< )d raw sienna paint of a strong body, which is very much darkenetl after e.xposnre. HAW MIKMMA. t» V, TliH ili'iKmit, aIkmiI iiiki I'lMit thick, >i of txi^ iron or« itliout <>ii>lii t'ft tliii'k. S«>(< III,' Iron » tr«< umlt-r CiilHiloniiwi llniwn niKJ HniHii Iti'ij ; itn'"< ''"*^ Hiciiriit. It lu't n vi I'XcM'ilinijIy ijntty Imt iy olliH>'wiHU oa«ily riHlucfil to a Miin (Hiwiti"-, wliii-h, wliin ;{iouiiil in oil |iriHlute-* n raw Miuniw {laint of nitlier ii wf ik 'MKJy lh:it il iikcnii on > xiioHiirc. Iiuii Oi'Ac. - Lot "J, Hiiti;{i' i I, Noitii\v;is.ij{ii, SiinciH! Co., Ont. TliiN ochiv IK slightly ^{I'ttty in Kiintlin^t ''Ut i« otlit-rwiHU fiuily reilu- I'l'tl to n liiH* |iou(lniiii pnint, liut if it it iiiixcil with wliitu it picxliifi-.s iiiitM i.i hiown ochrt' ; it hii only a itilihllinK lj .ithtTwiso easily ntln L'Pil to n tinf p iwilcr and wliun ^'rotiml in oil niako)! a iin)> raw sienii paint of a fairly h'xkI hmly ami |niiiiaiii it after i-xiMisuro. This loloiii- was pri'['ari'il sumc y. ;irs ai;o hy Mr. Jaiiit'ti Nowton, lwder and when siround in oil niikes a guml raw tiiennn of a stri'iig body ; it darkens very slightly on exposure. This colour was used some lime ago by the Leedd Paint .Manufacturing Co. of Ix-imIs, Ont. Bii-/ Iro'i Ore. - Vaudreuil, Ve.udreuil Co., Que. This sample was free from I'rit and -vhen ground in oil made a dark raw Atmm paint with a good iimly whifh, if rnixe*! with white, pro- 20 MIN'EIIAL riCMKNTS. duo(!s tints of caledtjiiiari brown. .S.^e Iron Ochre under Pru-sian IJrown. A/ialit''.--l'uH\iind, \Vri-,'lit ('■>., t^ue. Tho led vari.ty <.!' tliis :i,ii:,.,iil when iidiiad i„ a th„. powder !wid llien ground in oil nwili.s ,m ixnlUxu raw siiiiim paii.t. ..f good IhmIv. On exposure it i^ li;tl,l.' t ■ dial,.;,, to a Inown o< a l.ri-lil tone. ll'is unr!i,i.,i;,!ioii:v.tn of a tairiy :J'-: li : ...ly v.i,i jierman-fit att^-. exposure. Tl.i-s wa.s uia;.u:,i< iiii.-d -.ane limi- a-o \.y Mr. Jame.s Newton Limeliollse, ( »l:t. If thi raw elay is ndxed with white i( produces tints similar to liitiiinen and muiimiy. Khih.s. F<:rniiii,iii:ix Cltti;. punk Island, Lake W" i n n i i .e j,-, .Man. Tins clay is sliniiily u;itiy but is otlierwi.e easily reduced to a iine powder which wl„ , l,.Mnt and then -round in .lil produusa rich red paint tliat I have pro\ isior, dly called " (.'anadian lied " as it dill'ers m tone from all oil„i' nn'neiai i<-d.s. ]t has an extra stMin^ Imdy and is unrhanu-. d .if...,- - Ap-.^ur-. This ,iay i.s probably derived fr.mi the shady bed. (i.a. umiMlie the limes;ones at tlie west end of the island. /■Vrnii/ih, 111.1 C,', 11/ ^^ Limehou-i.. liaiton Co., ()nt. This clay is a iiltle ...rilly in -rin.lin- but is easily reduced to a line powder .m:! ^hen -n,v.uA m oil makes a red p.int which b.vomes decidedly brown on e\p,.;.„e. J,' ,|,is ,.lay be r a.sted before it is ground in oil its eolonr i- v ,y much enhanc^-d and will remain perm.a- nent alt. r exp. ..,u,e li has a good U.dy and shouhl make a useful pigment. Utmatitit liuck. — Limelimise, Halton Co., Ont. I WILLIMOTT KED.i. 21 f This rock is rallior grill)' in fjrindinf; and inul l)e rnluccil t.. ,i very lino (.owdcr licfore it is liurnt. Wiicn ^^round in oi! it make:; ii C';in.i diiin Ucd Nvitli middling Imdy, l>ut grilty at'it-r drying. 'I'liis uiatiMial utid (Ik- one above wore used souio time ago Ity Air. .lamiw Newton, paint manufacturer, Linichouse, ( 'at. C'i/i/fatd/". — Near west end of KainliMips lake, B.C. The av.iilal)le siimpte used was not (|uito pure liut wlien gnpumi in oil made ,; good red paint, much darker and l)ro\vfiei- (ii.ui the cmn nierciai Vermillion ; it has a very good binly atui ap|i(>,irs to he per- manent ;iUr e.\po.suie Ciniiaii.ir is found in \eins of i[Uailz, caicit<-, ami •inlimiile tia\ers ing eruptive r.jcks. This industry is as yet in its iiif.uKV. od al(ii'aigh ricii pockets rarely liave iicen met wiili, it is ger.er.iily i'\pi'..t' llnit important di^po-^its will be found in connect ii n with this miiciiry hearing Ih It. INm.VN KKI). IJenmlitr. 'I'l.iliiiiok, Annapolis Co., N.iS. This mineral is a litlin hard to reducf to a line p 'w.i.i \)W ,\liii ground in oil m.ikes a g o;l fndian red which lig!itc;is, ;iii ■, o i covering holy and is uii.-iiaiiL'ed by burning. The deposit is said to have beei traced for a long di'^l nice, is nine feet wide and has bei-n worked by the Nova Scotia Stei'l ('om[iany, of New (Jhi'^iiow. lli'maUti-. — Wallbridge Mine, .\ladoc, Hastings Ci>., Out. This is reduced with some diliiculty, but wii ii grouml in oil pro- duces a ricii Indian red paint, which il,irkcn> iDn^idiraMy on exposure to a lich brown. It has a strong covering body and i-. unchanged by burning. T;,e Walbiidge mine was first oj.ened ir, i>"-'') andoM'i- I<»,(3il0 tons are known to have l)ecn e.\tr.oifted .in I at;i rw.iid~ ;,'iMund in oil it ma'-.es .1 (l:i.?'k Indian red paint of an e.xtr.i -itrun^ b idy aiid c;in \y mixed with a iol of barvt' .v!(|;-ite.~U,t \-l, Uange 1, Waicefield, Que. If this mineral he finely gixutid in oil and .stron-ly roasted, it makes a giM)d Indian red paint of a very strong covering l.o/.—Ht. Malo, Cliampluin Co., Que. If this clay be burnt and then gro ind in oil it produces a red p.iiut approaching Indian red. It has a strong iKxly, but darkens on exposure. A paint from this clay is manufactured by the Cana.ia Paint Com- p.iny, Montreal. In the St. .Malo range in the seigniory of Cap do la .Madeleine iron ochre of various shades is distributed o\er several hundred acres, the deposit being from six fnches to two feet in thickness. See l-'cr- ruginous Clay under Raw Umber. Pyrrfinfilfi -\\U'/.,ir(l Tp. Nipii-sini;, Ont. This mineral when finely ground and strongly roisi,.,| and then ground in .>il makes a good Indian red paint that daiW'ns slightly after a few days e.xposure. See Pyrrhotite under (iray IJlack. Aiwo/izVe.— Helen Mine, Miehipicoten, Ont. When this mineral is reduced to a Kne powd.M' then l,i,rnt and ground in oil if kes a very good Indian red paint of a strong body. r.Kow.v iti:i). ii'oiotife. -Londonderry, Colchestc'r Co., X.S. If this mineral Ihj reduced to a fine powder and roiist-d and ;hcn ground in oil it makes a brownish red piint of a very strong body and i.s but slightly darkened after exposure. See Limoaite under l{a-.v I iiiber. Bo,/ Iron Or.: Ste. Anne de Montmorenci, Monlmorcncy Co,, (jue. This mineral is free from grit and when burnt and ground in oil produces a brownish-red paint with a strong coveiing body, which darkens almost to a black on exposure. See Bog Iron Ore under Cappagh Brown, Verona Brown and Burnt Sienna. Ill WN RED. •-'3 lioil Iron On: — Vaudieuil, Vaudreuil Co., Que. This siuiiplc wjw free from grit and when burnt and ground in oil m;ith piiint of an excellent brown- red colour witli an extra- ordinary body. Set! Iron Ochre under Raw Sienna and Prussian Brown. Hog Iron Ore. — Mallorytown, Leeds Co., Ont. Tliis mineral is free from i;rit and ea,sily reduced to a fine powder. If tliis be i)iinit and then ground in oil it uiakes a brownish red paint of a very strong body and is but slightly changed after exposure. Paint froii' liiis ore was iiianufaetured by the Leeds Faint Manufao- turing Co., Leeds, Out. Iron O/'/c — Lot 15, Range 10, Hull, Wright Co., Qee. This ochre is slighl'y griity in grinding hul is otherwise easily reduced to a tine powder which, when ground in oil, iiiaKes a good brownish red p.iint of a very strong I ody. If this is mixed with white it pri!:crint; Ixxly ttiuJ is unolianj,'e(i hy liurning. Ar8e,wpi/rit>'.-~yhivmora Tp. Hastings Co , Ont If this mineral Ix- redu-cd tr. a (in.- powdrr and tlirn ro.v-itod it makes a very lino brown-red pvint of a good covcrinK l)r„ly. It has not been tested for any lengtli of time. See Arseia.py rite under Itiack. F'rriiginn,!^ AV'c/I-.—AIailorytuwn, F.oeds Co., f )nt. This .sample was found to be free from giit and when ^Moiind in oil makes an excellent paint of a brownish-red col.Mir witii an extra strong covering body. This will probably darken a little on ex(„surp. /Ama^jA-. — Liinehouae, Hallon Co., Out. This material is rather gritty in grinding and its redu ti.,n to a fine powder is attended with soi le dithculty. The .sa'np!.,- I -rourxl in <,il was not thoroughly reduced after considerable time had been i)estowed upon it ; its colour is brownish-red with a middling bodv. UrUNT SIKXNA. Iron ochre. Paint brook, one mile east of Elmsvale Post Ollice llalifaN Co., N. S. This ochre was found to be free from grit and whr^n burnt and ground in oil it made an excellent burnt sienna ; it is exceedinglv bright and has a very good body : it can be r.u.ked as a supei^oV pigment. See Iron Oihre under Golden Ochre. 8te. Anne do .Mcmtmnienci, Montmorency Co., Que. This ochre wlii<-h is comparatively free from grit when burnt and ground in oil produces a burnt sienna paint of a middling l)ody but changes to a dark brown when exposed. Deposits of iron ochre occur about a mile and a quarter above the mouth of Ste. Anne river and appear to extend over about four acres and are from four to seventeen feet in thickness. From the sanse locality another sample was tested. It was free from grit ami when l)urnt and ground in oil it made .i dark burnt sienna paint, which liarkens a trifle more after exposure ; it has a very WIU.UIOIT ItVHNI SIKNNA, "Ji Htroug covering liiie. This ochre, which i-^ app.uciitly free from urit, when <,'round in oil makes a burnt sienna iiaint : it has a very good body but darken-; a little on exposure. Iron Orlir". .•it .'JM, li'inge •_', I'onliac Co., mineral was found to lie free from i^rit and when reduced to a tine powder and burnt and afterwards giound in oil made an e.xci'llent burnt sienna i)aint with a very stiong body. If this colour .should piove permanent, and there is every reason to suppo.se it will, it may be ranked as one of the best pigments in Canada. It was manufactured some years ago by the Le.;ds Paint .Manufacturing Coiupany, M allory town. Fnrrn(j'iti„iis 7>o/t>m(7f. — Lirntshouse, llaltonCo., Ont. This material was foiin "ly Imt tliikeus on exposure to a rich lnown. Till-, nchro was u--e'l -unu- yenis aiin liy the iiticliitmn Mimral ('>i. of' tianiilton f'lr miking piii'it. Ii-'iH 0.///V. — ConPst, Wiitei-luo Co., Out. Thi'i Dohro is rather -.'ritty in .urindinL,' hut is .itlieiwi~o .i-ily reduoerl to ii lino p iwder and when burnt and ttround in oil nm'ce- a fine burnt .sienim paint of u strons; l>f'dy and is permanent after expo sure. This colour was manufactured some years n;^o by .Mr. .laiues Newton, f imehouse, Ont. Iriiti 0,7,/v. —Harrison Lake, New Westminster dist. i!.l'. This ochre is slightly gritty in grinding l>ut is utheiwi^e , i-ily reduced, liuriit and ground in oil it produces a buint .>iPM!i i Mint of n strong bod)-, Ijut is darkened slightly on exposure ; oi h.-i w ,-e it is brilliant and clear in tone. This sample wjw sent in by .Mr. John P. Drown. I'l liri.K. Spo-idar Iron O/v. — ( Hencoe, Pictou Co., N.S. The sample used was free from grit and wlien ground in oil made a rich purple paint of an extra strong body. This I have named Cana- dian Purple and as it is apparently permanent after exposure I think the extra ipialities of this material as a pigiiietit should commend itself to all paint manufacturers, as one coat of this paint properly prepared will cover any surface. This particular ore has been gene- rally observed in contact with dikes, from which we may infer the influence of igneous action. It is distributed over se'eral counties. and thousands of tons hav<' been extractefl fiom a siniile deposit. It also occurs in tlie provinces of t^Hiebec and Ontario. Si'e liepoit 1873-4. GREEX. /'ycifc— Lot 12, llange I, Wakefield, WriLdit Co., t^ue. This material when grounil in oil makes a greenish paint whi. h is dark in colour when freshly applied ; after exposure for a year or two it lightens and assumes almost a neutral tint and would ai^pear to be a very desirable shade for exterior use. It has a strong covering iKxiy and appears perfectly uniform after two years exposure. 28 MIXKHAL HKiMKM.H. Pvnt.. tms a wide range in tl.e I>oi..inion. '.-,„« Coun.! ii> e>eiv province: its HdaptHbility will of course (icpe...' . . its purity. 8ee Pyrite umler IntJian Uwl. C/,rt/.oy,yr/V -Huntin«tl.n Mine. Holton, Hronie Co.. yue , If tl>i8 mineral, which i. very vasily re.luoeil to a ti.u- powder, i. Kroun i in od It makes h gremiish paint wh=rl. lightons on e.xp ,sure nnd ..ssumes ahno.st a neutral tint .sli«htly darker than that produced trom py.ite. It ha.s a go.Kl coveririR Ix^Jy und would appear to he a desind.le nhade for exterior us... C^hah-opyrite has a very Ur-. range m the I),miini'-n, IriuK found in all ih.- provinces. See CliHJ.opyrite under Indian l{ed. Mnh.chit,, A:„,l„. and /ro« Or,V,., Caniphells claim, .iLd.ile,. .Moun tain, E Kootenay, B.C. These three minerals arc found associated in a d.'posit s.dd to U' of some in.porlance and when ree iii'iile ti> prudiii'u iinuiy bi'ii.'lit hiuI )>i'i'iiiitii<'rit lviIouo. wiiiTi:. W/iitu L-'aii. Til'- wliiU! leivl of comiiH'ici' is et*.-«'ntiiilly a (MilMiiinto uml hwiiiit'-' of leml, soiiietiines mixed t > a lai'iji) extotit with baryta anulo(i iti Itiiti-'h Culumtjia and Ontaiiu, I'SjH-fially where the proportion nf siUer in the galena is not liii,'h. I think it could l)e converted into the carlKHiale witli more rt inuntMiilive success than hy the tedious operations of smelting and relinini;. I'.iiryta is lar;;ely used lo mix with white -ad, not so mu h i ui adulterant as is sujipospd, its pi'esence, in dixiiminatiii:; i[iiaiitities^ tending to elevate the ■standard of that [Miiit. A large niimljer of ''aniples of white lead, put up in tins, wire analyzed liy tin' Inland Revenue l)epartiiiont, some of which were tound to tn- veiy pure while others were largely " adulterated, ' or, in other words, contained largo proportions of barylti. The pureiie-s of the leatl or the absence of baryta need not be points of recominni.dation. The essential feature of either of those materials is tleir tini'iit'ss. A paint may bi! found to lie absolutely pure lead, out eoar-o grindini,' would necessarily detract from its (|uality. < )n the other hand, lead, mixed with ten or twenty per cent baryta, anrl tinely ground, would be much superior, both in durability and covering pioperties, although the baiyta in it- self has no body and will not assist in strengthening the body of any otlier paint. Its important use lies in keefiing the finely di\ided particles of lead from adhering to;,'ether and Iteeoining hiiiipy, »liiih is the habit with particles of pure lead. We freipiently hear ot wliiti? lead peeling off, after a short time, and the prevailing opinion i- that it is caused by the contained baryta If this defect be ciiefully watched it will be found that it is the loail that is fallin;; oil, simply hecause the material has not bi'cn ground tine enough,— the coar^-er particles therein protrude from the oil, allowing free access to the ever lloating gases which attack it at every exjwsed point, hut more particularly at the line of contact with the oil. As this erosion [in- gresi^es, the adherins; point is weakened and the exposed portion is too heavy to be longer supported. liaryta occurs in several of the provinces, chiotly as a sulphate : th" carbonate, witherite, has been found within the t iship of ' Supprior rfxiuti ilicii' «rf hoiiip \eiv iiiipurtiitit vt»jn-< nf tli»< <^ul|iliutf, ti'ri fnot lliick anil upwards, wliii li riiiistitiUi' iIm- i{iin;;iii' nt till" siUui ores. N'l'iin of (.'iinipiiriitivpjy pure sulpliatc occur iti liic townships o( (iaiwiiy, Uurge.ii.i iinJ Pakcn hum in I'nturiuninl in xxenii pluces in tin' township of }|iill, Wright Co., i^iiicU'i, where il is ut the prespnt tinu- Uing workeil. Ii. ha- iil«o lioen niineil to .>sonit> extent in Nova Seotia. J^ine H'liifr. /iie , permanent, or ehinesf white is an oxide of zinc and nught ho nianutacturci' from xph.ilerite or zinc blende. Il has Ix'en referred to in in rnw and roasted state as nti e.xcellent pigment. Thin ore is met vith In several of the provinces and has lii.'en mined in (./uelieo, < )ntario and llriiish Coluinliia draph'l' I'nitii. firapliite is now lieiii« mined in t'le Province of Cjueliec and bids fair to become an imjiortant industry. It will be one of the [iroducts produced by a liuckini,'hani firm. A similar p.dnt i.s manufactured, liy the Canadian Paint Company of Montreal, from a pluinbas^inous shale brnuulit from New Mrunawick. COLOLlIs l-nODf'KIl KiiOM MINKliM.S \\\ CIIEMHVI. niK.XTMKNT. Yicr.r.ow. Ai'si'iiirnl I'liiiit*. The yellow sulphide of arspnic known as King's yellow could be directly .sublime I from the arsenical ores that arc found in nearly all the provinces. Arseuopyrite has been mined in the township of .Mar- mora rather extensively both as a source of gold and arsenic. 1 f sul- |)luir were added to the arsenopyrite in the retorts a yellow sulphate Would be formed corresponding with the connnercial article. ."y t'u<« \* ol'taiiipil liy mixing -.uluti'iti* '«t' olifitimlo ni |)»tas»i» iiiiii iieotuc i> diifd mi i will 1)6 found t" l)c ii v( i y powirfiil loVmr, to which iniiy iif luldwi ^i- much as foity tiiiifw il» vvoiulit of whitiri" . marl willmut vi<'ii'l> impairiii^ tlie nuallly. Chr;.,>- Orainj. Tlli^ it priKluced l)y linilitij; tliealxivc iiirniiio yellow 'villi liiiii'. SraiiHiim Yfl/'fr or f.ii/lil L'-nioii Y'lluir It >oliitin;iH lit' ciiroiiial! >f pottttHa and i-lilniidp nt tti..iitimii I"' iiiixt'd tojjptlicr. a tiiii' ypllow precipitate ot' iliinin !»•• 'if «irontian is (ibtainod, ainl it' cliloridp of haiiiim he substipitod tm the sti'imtian the li.;ht li'innu ypli"W" of < iiiiiiiiPicp is obtaiiu'd. If ilip stintitiaii vellow lie mixed with hariuiii yellow, tliedaik liimm yellow i< olilaiiieil, The.sp two alkaline piirths are derived from the minerals liarile, wilheritp, cclestite and strontianite. The two foniior have been des- cribed under Ijaryta, llw two latter occur principally in the Province of Ontario, ("elestite or suljiliate of strontium is met with in the townships of l'.ll^'ot niid l..insdowne, and in small''! nuantities at Kiin;s- fon and Forks of Credit in Cftledon. Htrontianite wciirs in vein- in the CaInbro-^Silurian iti the township of Npi>ean. Citron Y>'ll"i'' If iliromate of potass.i be adiled to sliijhtly alkaline -olutions of chlori'le of zinc, a tine precipitate of chroinate of /inc is obtained, known in commere,' as citron yellow. Sl'.i':/'o/i Yi'l/wr. If ferric chloride of iron be added to a 'Kjilinj{ saturated solution of bi-clironiate of potassa. an mange precipitate is deposited, and is used in the arts under various names, If marl be added to saturated soluti 'n of bicliiomate of pnta-sa. a tine vellow powder is obtained and. when grouml in oil, corri spends to the ■-o called mars yellow. .12 MIMKHAI, l'|i>«tK!ITM. U liicliriiiii.iti' nf |iotiis..i 1»> t'liHi'il with an i'.|ImI w.-iitlil oi »iil|iKuf, (he xri't'ii sf-.|iiii>xi<|f .if . luouiiuiii ix .ihtnincl. 'I'liis jm ii \ci) pmviT. till riilour Imt iiiit^n liriitht u^i tlif i>\|t|fH niitititifil in tin' w.-l w:iv lly iri'niiny .silts (it olicoiiiiuiii \»ith iiniiillio "ixitlc^, (jitiljoniito or huIiiIuiIh*, tlif>s« unions Itffonif exfci'dinnly biiiii.int ninl viiry in sliailii ni.'.nl inf( to the re-a^'ent uwil. TIT VMI \|. A vi'ry lini' x'''''* wiis imidi' iVorii titmiii' iinn-oii^ nmny yr.irs Ago In till- l''.Kni'r prKi's, wliicli is «iiiil to Inive been palnnteii in Knyliind, titnnio aciij, prupiuwl by (li'coinpo.-iiiK titaiiii' iron-ore by fusion with l)isulpliulc of potu.ssii nnd l)y Hubs.'i|ui'nt, |iiirilicvition niul separation from iron, is pn-ipitiili'd from it- liydroclii.Mic solution by ferroi.vii- nido of potassium iit i\ )>oilini; hi'iit, a?, a ferrocyanido of titanium. In ISfil, Bpociiiuatioii.s for a |)Atfnt were deposited in l^indon by Mr. r. Versniann for the employnient of coiupounds of titanium as pigments or colouring,' mntcriaU. The sulphuret is said togivi; -ionie tine \if)let and blue colours atul to rpM-tiiblo the sulpliuret of tin, known as inoNaic t;old. See Geology of Canada ISi').'^, page 7.')3. Miil.VliliK.vrM. A tine blue pij^uient wuh prepared some years aifo from molyb- denum, .'-inee when a ohemisr proposed the Idue of n oiyi) ■ ,im as a substitute for indiyo in dyejnj^ silk, eotton and linen (See (ieological Report ISt').'!, page 754) but, prolml)ly owinj; to the high priee of the mineral, which was about tive dolhus a pound at that time, its use wa.s soon .^uperseiled by more fus?itive but more l)rilliant colours (aniline). This mineral has however l)ecome more familiar in the la«t few years, anil its distribution in Canada extends at intervals over three thousand miles of territory, and although the ilepo.sits i:re not generally in suthci(!nt quantity to warrant development, there are a number of looalitie.s where they make a gooiii thn c-Hiiily ■>Mlu'tiiii<». Siiiiif «•> 1 <|""iiii"n« liv^f l»-'ti ■•••••n, timt < .iiiir from Itrilixli Columbia AN I'lMiiNS Aaoiilinjj to AU'I and Hloxiiiu, a Uu>- l.lue |iii{nii'iii. iti;it .mi scaict'ly I* ilUtinjiuUliml fror ultnuiimini' mul is tiiiil t<> In' \>i\ eflcctiv"' ill i,'olomiri« iirtitii-iii t!oW"i-, !•< iimil** l»y (liv<«olvill^ m.'inlli.- Hiitiiiioiiv III n<('.m refill hiuI pioci|iitiitiii« wiili ffiio rymii'lf of |iotii>».i. If siilmite 1 o dissolved in rt.|iM r.-xiu und |irecipifiit»*d wiiii f.ii.. i-yuiiidr of potustii, n li«lit Miie ((iciipiniti' .-ohh -.tinn of f.'in. cy iiiidf of iiiiiiinony iiiixwl witli oxidi- of imtiinoiiy i-. tlin.wi. down W Inii «iouiid with oil it lian little ImkIv, Imt ii* a walci .•.ijour it is i-nom d iiiuly lii'iulil iittfi' dryin;;. III view of liips disintt-Kriitioii a Ktniciiifiit tli.it my fX|ioi i- liiPiil* so far iiuvi- lifitlicr di.-piovcd nor Mlbstanti iti-d tlm liiii.> is «)|i|iortiiiic to orttT soiiK- siiji;;i"ai v u. Ip>' ab>oliit.|y ct-r tain of its purity. It is a wfll known fact tiiat inu li of this pi:,'iiii'iit in prfpiiiwl fiMiii bvproiiut> that oflm rontam -ulphuiic a.id iiiid otiicr inipuritiis. Hefoir it tan be detiniti-iy stated thai o\idt" of iron, in its pun- state, is ininrioiiH as a i-olouriiij.' matter for teiiient^ and mortars, it is lectsMiiy to In. me nciuainted with its pi.\ i.ais use- iiiid in all •MSMs wlieie the ..xid.- ba.s had deleterious .llcts ..n the paint, the .'olouring matter 'hiuM be luii.ipdiately analyzed. M:invi)four ochres, in tlii«ture ami .U'stroy- the organic matter, I ut carries oxi .ti.m to it- limit. l'r..biibly pi;,'mcnls prepared in this manner will ...■ f.Mind more ellicient as col..urin« matter for cements ami mortars. -^ ? M'"!t MI\i:HM, IM'.MKM- I. ^ — -■^■--- ?_■ *C t- '\"i"'-i'lV 5. I.AYH, .-: ^ -T U ti ~ U ^ X ^ J — /: f. r-, — ■ J :ii; mixki;ai. IMi.MKM-, •■M"1I bi; - "( i'c ;i :: .1? ic ■X-MIM..1:|V Cl.AV.- .■■5 i < 7. ?. v. 17. 7. \L ~ :i ^ U tJ- " tc :. " *L ; 7 ^ 'T. -V? J: ' r. ■r. ■- :•, . ; 1 "i ^ ^ : /. J ■/ MS M1M;I:AI, I'li.MKM- ■A|Hi.| ■7. i -/. T:». M"'ll I I^J r. i; > "• 'j: r - . ii ^ "C - -* ^ — ■i-5;< ■K"""-"iv Wll.l IVH.iT t"-- ^•<