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SELWYN, F R.S., F.G S , Director. MESOZOIC FOSSILS. VOLU M E I PART I.- ON SOME INVERTEBRATES PROM THE COAL-BEARING ROCKS OF THE QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, COLLECTED BY MR. JAMES RICHA11D80N IN \S12. BY J. F. WHITEAVES, F.G.S., llONOKAKV MKMHEK OF TUE ASIIMOI.K.IN SOCIETY, UXKUKU. MONTREAL ! PRINTED FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA 1870. ; ?' I V--'- > Thiu publicution in iiitondud U> eoiiUiiii doscinptions uiid tigiiros uf somu of the oi'gunic romainM of the Mesozoic rocks of the Dominion. The present Part is devoted to a monograph on the Invert ebrata collected by Mr. James Kichnnlson from the Cf)al-bearing rocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands, in the summer of 1812. , - , ; ' 1 The figures, Plates I. to X., have been drawn from nature and litho- graphe'tnd the following year, Duncan sailed through the strait between the Isli> ads and the mainland, which had been assumed by the previous voyagers. He also named the Fleurieu Islands (of La Perouse) the ' Princess Boyal Islands,' after his vessel." 7. "In 1789, Captain Robert Gi-ay, of the sloop Washington, of Boston, explored the east coast of the Queen Charlotte Islands, which hod not previously been visited by any white man, though Duncan had sailed through the strait, keeping more on the mainland shore. Gray called it Washington Island, being ignorant of Dixon's name. After- waixls, Douglas, the colleague of Meares, also visited this east shore." 8. "On the 29th of June, 1790, Captain Joseph Ingraham, of the brig Hope, anchored in a harbour on the south-east side of the Queen Charlotte Islands, which he called Magee's Sound, after one of the owners of bis t h vohmI. HIh M.SS. joamal Ih referred to by Greonhow." * lie Hpont the Bummor on tliiH cooHt, and in the iirat white ninn, whom we have any account of tm actually landing; on thene JHlandH. All previouH voya^orH and coaHtcrH, for fear of the nativuH, had contcnte of cuiil on thuse iblnmlH liitM U>on luii^ kiiuwii, il \h I»v ii«» imJHiiH cortMin hy whom, or at wliat ii tlio aiithnu;itu Houinn of (iraliam Inlaiiil at Hovoral ilitt'uroiit loi-alitioH, uiidor tlu< aiiNpicoH of tliu Qiieoii Cliarlottf Coal Miiiiiiic ('oiupany, but tlH'f«o o|RnNtono. So far aft examine*!, the eaNtwanI nntcrop of thenu shales makes a riuioly H-sha|>eiits of fossil plants were collected in the Upper Shales at one locality (F.), also two or three specimens of a shell which m»y U* Inorrrtimus consent ro'iit, hut which wrc ho n-HgrnonlHry, or eirte M) much i-toNitioii cvrn ii« iiiicortnin. IkmidoH piiiiit I'oinniiiN, which iiro of tVo(|u*>til urciircnrc, tho col- loctiiiii coiitHiiirt t'onrttH'ii NpocivH of ('u|)hiklo|MNiii. i«ix of ro|MMln, twunty-lwo LiiinolliKrarichinU! Iiivalvus, two ltrnchio|MNia and a /.oaii- thariHii coral. It will lx> nioHt convenient to i|esci-iU> thcne OwHilN tirnt, aixl to tliHcuHM their proliahle geological horixon afterwaniN, hut it may \k> briefly Htaluil here Ihal there \h an apparent mixture oi a small fragment which is very doubt- fully referred to HamiUs, but which may Just as likely have been part of an Ancyloceraa. In describing the Ammonites from these rocks, tho most recent modi- fications of the divisions proposed by Von Biich and D'Orbigny have been adopted as far as practicable. At tho same time it must bo admit- ted that this system of classificution is very unsatisfactory in practice. Many Ammonites present a mixture of characters, and such species might be referred to two, or even throe, of those sections, with equal pro- bability. Others, again, which have been placed in two separate groups, j * \ and apparently' with ^fMnl roiisoiis for mo doing, have provod to bo only different ntnge« oCgi-owth of the >(amc nliell. T1)0 old genuH Ammonites of lirugniorc, with its eight or nine hundred of so failed 8pe<'ie>i, in a lieterogeneous assemblage, which requires division into several generH and subgenera. Stolifzka says, very truly, that the animals of TurriteUa and Cerithium are not in any way more dilfor<»nt tiian must have been those of Ammonites disciis and .4. Botomagensis. The whole of the gi-oup has been revised anew, on the principle just indicated, by Dr. Waagon and othoi-s in Germany, and by Prof. A. Hyatt, in America. The new generic or subgeneric names proposed by these authoi-s will bo adopted in this memoir, at least in those cases in which theyo is a reasonable probability of their being correctly applied. . '- '^ Considerable differences of opinion have existed, and probably always will exist, with regard to what constitute specific differences in these shells. Those whose experience has been gained by a study of many specimens in the field, naturally attach less imjwrtance to minute differences in form, surface markings and the like, tKan is acconled to them by others whose opportunities for extended comparisons liavo been few. In this connec- tion the late Prof. Phillips justly remarks* : — "The zeal of collectore, by procuring them (Ammonites) of all ages and under different circum- stfvnces, lias given occasion to coin too great a number of specific names. Yet for the most part, the diversity of names for a given set of forms indicates something really different in the history ofthesiiecies, and most of the designations may bo retained as marking varieties worth discrimi- nation. In making, some yeai*8 since, a strict comparison of the ammonites of the Yorkshire lias with others from the south of England esteomeoeies and indi- viduals. The surface markings of those shells are often well shown, but the charactei"8 of the bingo teeth, and the impressions on the interior of the valves can rarely be ascertained. The family Hippurititbe has no representatives; VoUi and Spondylus arc also absent, and there is only a single species of fnoceramus. Brachiopcxia are extremely scarce, only four bi-uken and exfoliated s})ecimenH were collected, which belong apparently to two species. The solitaiy coral is a compound Zoantharian, belonging to the family Astiwidie. ^ Out of foily-two specioH of Mollusca proper, three (Ammonites Brew- era, A. StoUczkanuif and Aucelta Piochii) arc well-known Californian fossils. Aucella PitjcLii, however, is jn'obably identical with tho Aucella Mosquensis of Europe. t%'o Htibbardi, Gabb., is abundant at one locality in tho (iueen Charlotte Islands: it was originally desci'ibeil as from Vancouver Island, probably by mistake. It is the only fresh-water mollusk in tho collection, and is, perhaps, tho same as tho Unio adtmcus of Soworby, from the Wealden deposits of England. Besides these, seven others are either very nearly i-elated tu Eurojiean or Indian species, or are actually identical with them. The rest seem to bo new to science, but the specimens are sometimes so imperfect, that it is not thought desirable to propose any speciric names for them. Without wishing to introduce any innovations in the use of terms, or to criticize tho doscripti(m.s of others, it becomes necessary to define the sense in which certain expressions M'ill be used hero, as the same woi-ds have been employed to convey very different and even opposite meanings. It has long been custcunai'y with palaeontologists to call the outer edge of the shell of a Nautilus or Ammonite, tho dorsum, and some still continue to do so. According to Prof. Hyatt, "the position of tho female Argonaut in her shelly case, and of the Nautilus in its shell, show conclusively that the periphery of the whorls of an Ammonite \^ the abdominal side, as stated by Ricbanl Owen and Pictet." For this reason, Mr. Hyatt and some other writers call the outer margin of such shells, tho ventral, and the inner, the dorsal region. To prevent any misap- prehension which might otherwise arise, tho term dorsum will be purposely avoided. Such phrases, as the outer edye of tho shell of a 10 4 NttUtiliiH, or the siphonal edge of that of an Ammonite, can scarcely be mi8iinder8tood, while the wonl periphery will puit either indifferently. The expreHttion aperture, as applied to these fossils, is purposely chosen to descril)e the shape of the whorl at or near its outer tei-mination, as viewed transvereely ; but not necesnarily that of the true outer lip of the shell. The AeiV7fcM)f the aperture will be measm-ed from the centre of the periphery of the outer whorl to that of the one which precedes it ; the width, at a right angle to the height. In desci'ibing the shells of Gasteroixxla, the adjective transoers6, when ap})lied to ribs or stria?, is intendetl to mean transvei-se as to the whorls, and not as to the axis of the shell. To preserve a certain consistency thi*ough(mt,the A«i^Af of lamollibran- chiate bivalves will be raeawnred, as nearly as possible, in the direction of a line drawn perpendicularly from the hinge line or dorsal margin, to the opposite or ventral border. The length will be estimatetl at a right angle to the height, and the width or breadth as equal to the maximum thickness through the closed valves. - -. . As the valves of the BrachioiKnla are respectively doraal and ventral, the length of these shells will be measured from the beak of the pedicelled valve to its opjiosite extremity, while the width will coiTcspond to the space between the two margins of either valve, at a right angle to the height. ,{' :■:; ,-j'u,'' vA Throughout these descriptions, the word diameter must be undei-stood to imply the distance between two jwints, as nieasuretl on a flat surface. Geographical names and others which, according to Dr. Johnston,* have a •' reminiscential evocation," have been freely proposed for fossils which are believed to be new, especially in the case of genera, such as Amtnonites, in which the number of species is alreaily so large that it is almost hope- less to expect t« find descriptive names which are not preoccupied. In conclusion, the writer desires to express his coitUal thanks to Mr. W. II. Dall, of Washington, who has kindly matle and forwai-ded tracings of figures as well as copies of descripti(ms of certain fossils from books not at present accessible in Montreal, and for various critical suggestions ; to Mr. F. B. Meek, also of Washington, who obligingly sent photographs of drawings made from the original types of species fi-om Vancouver and Sucia Islands, described by him ; to Mr. Eichanlson for information as to the exact stratigraphical position and localities of the fossils which he collected ; and to Mr. A. H. Fooi-d, for the pains he has taken in the de- lineation of the features characteristic of the different species. ' British Zoupliytofl." Second Editiiui. Vol. I., pa)[e 104. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. CfiPHALOPODA. BSLBMNITBS. (Sp. Undt.) X- Fio. 1 — Belemniles, tpeeUt. Outlines of a longitudinal section of the best specimen collected. Tbe position of the apical groove is seen at it, and indications of what is supposed to have been the siphuncle, may be traced at b. The restoration of the point is purely hypothetical. Three more or less fragmentaiy specimens of a Belcmnite of medium size, whicli collectively show many of the characters of the guard and phragmocone. As each of these exhibits some peculiarities which are not seen m either of the others, it will be best to describe them separately. No. 1 is a portion near the anterior (or thickest) end of the guard, about an inch and a half in length, and partly imbedded in shale. The specimen is broken transversely below and obliquely above, so as to give two natural sections at different angles. The outline of the transverse section is ovately orbicular, the sides being distinctly compressed. The lateral diameter is nertrly one-sixth less than the dorso-ventral ; the measurements being about five and a half by six and a half Hues. The r H ■/. tan;;oiitial He^ti<»n shows «»iily that the septa of the phrugnKK'one aro rather more \\\\\\\ a line apjirt at the widest end. ' . No. t is also 11 fragment near the anterior end of the guard, but it is entirely free from any investing roelt. As viewed tranhversely, its outline is more nearly oireiilar than that of No. 1, and its sides are less distinctly compressed. The measurements in this instance are seven b^- scarcely six and a half lines juu'osh. The phragmocone (Plate I., tig. la) which is loose in this specimen, is eloiigatel}' but invoi-sely conical and inequilateral, with the apex distinctly eccentric. Its length is about thirteen lines; it« greatest width nearly six lines, and its least, less than one. At its widest end it is ovate-orbicular in section, as is also the alveolar cavity; the presumed bulbous termination is broken off. Judging by faint lines on the cast, the septa appear to be slightly oblique and very numerous ; they aro about a line apai't at the widest end, and at least four times as close together at or near the i)oint. No. 3 (Plate I., tig. 1) is the most perfect example yet procui-ed, and like the first, is entirely free from the matrix. Its length is an inch and three-quarters, its greatest width seven lines, and its least, scarcely six. The anterior extremity of the guard contains more than two-thirds of the alveolar cavity, (as compared with No. 2) and at the opposite end wants only the extreme apex. In this specimen the sides of the guaiil ate more decidedly compressed than they are in either Nos. 1 or 2. The guard itself is sulvcylindrical, and does not decrease in size perceptibly, until about an inch from the tij), when it begins to narrow unequally and rather suddenly. The apex being broken oil", it is impossible to tell whether the tip was obtusely pointed or shortly acuminate, but the contour of the remaining part shows that it was slightly eccentric. At or near the tip there is a faint and inconspicuous gi-oove, which probablj' measured about seven lines, if we allow two or three for the piece broken off. The comjjression of the guai-d is a little oblique, so that the outline of a transverse section at the anterior end is ellijitic ovate, one end being a little wider than the other. The apical groove is placed, not on either of the flattened sides, but in a direction corresponding to that of the widest end of the ovoid. ^ A longitudinal section of this specimen, kindly made by Mr. Weston, of which Fig. 1 is a representation, revealed some additional particulars. The entire length of the guard is twenty-one lines, and of this the phrag- mocone occupies ten lines. The apex of the phragmocone is slightly ' eccentric, and seems to point in the same direction as does that of the guard. Ti'aces of what is supposed to be the siphuncle were detected IS piu'iignKK'one lire n, as is also the crossing some of the upper septa of tlio phragmooone,^nd it would appear that the siphuncle is placed on tlie same side as that towanls which the apices of the guard and phragmocone point. Mr. S. P. Woodward says* that the uja-x of tlie phragmocone of a Belemnite jyjints to the ventral side of the guaixl, and if this be uniformly the case, then, in this species both the siphuncle and tlie apical groove are probably ventral, M. JDuval Jouve, f however, maintains that in some of the Neocf)mian Belemnites the siphuncle is dorsal, and in othei-s ventral. Hence it is by no means certain that the apical groove, or the siphuncle of this species, are ventral, but both seem to bo situated on the same side, and that the one towards which the apices of the guard and phragmocone jjoint. In his remarks upon the Queen Charlotte Island Cephalopotla already referred to, Mr. Billings says that these small lielemnites belong to the 8ul>8ection Acuarii of Bronn's section Aca'li, also that they are " closely allied" to the Belemnites Eussiensis and B. Kiryhisensis of D'Orbigny, two species which are described and tigured in Volume II. of Murchison Verneuil and De Iveyserling's " Geologic de la Russie et des Montagues de I'Oural." In both of these opinions the writer entirely concurs, but the Beleninites collected by Mr. Richai-dson are -apparently distinct from both of their Russian analogues. The guard of B. Kirghisensis is represented as much longer arfid slenderer than is that of the present species, and in B. Kirghisensis the apices of the guard and phragmocone point in opposite directions. The general shape of the guai-d of B. Eus- siensis is certainly very like thatof the fossil now under consideration ; but in the Russian Belemnite the apical groove is placed on one of the flattened sides, which, moreover, appear to be respectively dorsal and ventral. No traces of a slit down the anterior end of the guard could be detected, nor any indications of a coiresponding raised rib on the phrag- mocone, so that these specimens can scarcely be referred to D'Orbigny's genus Belomnitella, but to Belemnites proper. The specific characters of these Belemnites are so imperfectly shown in the few fragments yet obtained, that it is not thought desirable to propose a new name for them, although they cannot be satisfactorily referred to any known species, and are p ">bably new to science. The peculiar compression of the guard may be due to the distortion to which so many of these fossils have been subjected. • " Manual of the Holliuca." Page 73. t " Muiiograph of the British Belemnitid»." By Prof. Phillips. Part II., page 30. PalteontoRraphical Society : 1886, u , Belemnitbs. (Sp. undt.) BoHides tilt* three specimens tlcscrilted altove, a tolerably complete phrafjmocoiie and a jtortion of anotliei* were collected, whicli must have Inshm^ed to Belemnites of considerable size. Mr. Billings describes the most })erfect of the two as follows : — " Ft consists of a portion of a hirge phragmocone, two and a half inches m length, one and a lialf inches acrr)ss the larger extremity, and thirteen lines across the smaller. The septa are moderately convex, and tlierc are twelve chambers in the specimen." Little can be added to this description ; the measurements have been tested and found essentially correct, though the diameter of the smaller end seems nearer to twelve than to thirteen lines. These fragments may indicate the existence of a second species at this locality, or they may represent merely the adult stage of the one first described. The evidence is altogether insufiicient to show which of these views is the correct one, though the latter is, perhaps, the most probable supposition. ,i!l Nautilus. (Sp. undt.) • Perhaps N. elegans, D'Orbigny,* but not of Sowerby. Or, possibly, N. pseudo-elegans, D'Orbigny.f Shell (or rather cast) inflated, globose ; maximum thickness not much less than the entire diameter, the proportions being nearl}' as five to seven ; umbilicus either very small or entirely closed, most probably the latter. Most of the inner septa are crushed out of shape, but the outline of the outer one is concave and simple ; the position of the siphuncle is unknown. Aperture transvereely reniforaa or sublunate, rather deeply emarginate by the preceding volution. Mea- suring from the periphery to the centi-e of the margin of the next whorl, where the emargination is greatest, the height of the aperture is much less than its width. The surface of the cast is ornamented with transverae i-adiating ribs, which at firet curve convexly forwards across the sides, and then backwards, so that each one forms a shallow, but rather angular sinus on the periphery. The ribs appear to run exactly parallel with the true outer lip of the shell, and their forwanl cui-ve is • " Pal^ntoloffic Fniivaige. Terrains Cr6tacia." Vol. I., page 87. Atlu, Plate XIX. t " " " " Vol. I., page 70. Atlas, Plates VIII. and IX, ^reateHt near the nporture. They nre nun-oweHt nt the umbilicus, and widen grudually Iowui-iIh the periphery, where they raeaHure about two lineH ill width. Greatest diameter, alioiit seven inches; appruxiinate width of aperture, (whii-h coincides witli tlie mnxinuim thickness at a ri>(ht angle to the diameter) slightly over five inches ; height of aperture, in the centre, three inches and aeveii lines. Tlie specimen being very much distorted, these mbaHiireinentH must be receiveil with caution. One of the most striking specimens in Mr. Richardson 'm collection in the large Nautilus described above. Unftu'tunately thia unique example in bttilly preserved, and very much crushed out of shaiH). The siphuncle is not visible anywhere, although the fossil happeiiH to be broken in two pieces, in such a way as u> expose most of the interior. The distortion in greatest in the chamlwreil part of the shell, so that it is impossible to tell how many septa there were to a volution, or to detine their exact shape. The species is very nearly i*elated to the Nautilus eleyans of D'Orbigny, and to the N. pseudo-elegans of the same author ; but It may prove to be distinct from both. It is clear that the Queen Charlotte Island fossil is not the NautUtii elegans of Sowerby, for in that shell the aperture is said to be " obtusely sagittate, with the posterior angles truncate." The description and figures in the " Mineral Conchology " give one the idea of an obliquely com- pressed shell, with an aperture whose height is much greater than its width. Before the writer was aware that Pietet had shown that the Nautilus elegans of D'Orbigny and Sharpe is distinct from tlie N. elegant of Sowerby, the same conclusion had been arrived at after a careful study of the original diagnoses. D'Orbigny describes his N. elegans and N pseudo-elegans as follows. Italics being substituted for Roman letters to emphasize certain points : — Nautilus elegans, D'Orbigny (as of Sowerby). " N. tests, globulosd inflatd, transversiin sulcata ; sulcis incurvis, reflexis, umbilico impresso, non perforata; aperturfi latfi, semilunar! ; septis simplicibus, arcuatis ; siphunculo ad tertiaiu exteriorem septorum partem perfbrato." Nautilus pseudo-elegans, D'Orbigny. N. testfi discoided, inflatd ; transversim undulato-sulcatfi, subumbilicatd ; aperturfi semilunai'i; septis arcuatis, in umbilico sinuosis ; siphunculo non central! ad inferiorum limbem septorum adplicato," le , ' I i .•Si I The following romftrltH are adde 37. No description or figure of this Hhell Ih given, and all that ia Htated in that " some imperfect Hpecimens from the waterfall of the Guadaloupe, below NeW Brauenfeln, plainly hIiow the peculiar, undulating, arched ribs on the surface, characteristic of this species." 18t)0. isuutiluH Tcxanus, Shumard. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis. Vol. I., page 100. As the specimens from which this species was described are mere fragments, which do not show the chai-acters of the umbilicus, it is not certain to which of the divisions proposed above it should be referred. The shape of the aperture of JV. Texanvs is not unlike that of N. elegans, ' (Sow.) but the position of the siphundo is 'the same as in JV! pseudo- elegans, the species with which Dr. Shumaiil compared it. 1862. "Nautilus elegans, Sow., var. Nebrascencis," Meek. Proceedings (S il.i' /.cudemy of Sciences of Philadelphia for 1862, page 25. In the paper where this Nautilus is described, Mr. Meek, naturall3' enough, seems to have taken the correctness of D'Orbigny's and Shai'pe's identifications for granted, without further inquiry. The description of the Nebraska fossil, at least, accords much better with that of iV. Atlas (nobis) than with Sowerby's diagnosis of his N. elegans. The globose shape, together with the position of the siphuncle in the American shell, are in favour of this view, but it is possible that the varietal name, proposed by Mr. Meek, may have to be raised to specific rank, as the sculpture of the so-called " variety JS^ebrascensis " is said to consist of ribs which are " five times as broad as the grooves between," and in this respect it differe fi-om iV. Atlas, as well as from nearly related species. rif' m tiut in Htated ih le Guodaloupe, ilatiiig, arched ,, page 190. fibed are mere imbilicuH, it i» I it Bhould be atofN.elegans,- H in N.pseudo- 32, page 25. eek, naturally Orbigny's and iniiuiry. The ch better with his N. elegans. phuucle in the )86ible that the ised to specific nsis " is said to (oves between," 18 from nearly 1864. Nautiliw Toxanns (?) " ShumanJ." ((Jhhb.) > " Pala*oAtoIogy of California. '" Vol. I., [tage .V» IMatu IX., liguraa 3ii. A, Tlioro are some roasonH for doubting whether the Californian Hhell, doHcribuii and rigiii*oil in the work (piotud aliovo, is correctly rot'erred to Dr. Shumai'd's HiiocleH. The Hiphunclo ap|H)ai*H to Ijo placed dillerently in the two shells ; in X. Texanus (Gabb.), it is Hald to bo Hiluatoil above the centre of the whorls, as is the case in N. Atlas ; in N, Texanus, (Shumard) its position is described a.s below the centre of the volutions, aa in N. paeudo^legana. It is moHt likely that N. Nebraacensis, Meek, N. Texanus, Gabb (non Shumard), and the Sucia Island Nautilus Are all forms of one variable species. The discovery of such foniis as Nautilus spirolobus, Dittmar, in the " Hallstadten Kalken " (or Trias) of RoHHmoos, near the Lake of Hallstadt, of N. Mojsisooicsi, Noumayr, in the Middle Oolite of Poland, and of the N. Asper, Zittel, a species closely allied to the present fossil, in the Upper Tithonic beds of Moravia, has recently proved that the ribbed Nautili are by no means exclusively confined to the Cretaceous rocks, as was fonnerly supposed. Still, they are eminently character- istic of the Chalk Formation, in which they attained their maximum of development as a group. AMMONITES. Group J.* — Clypeiformes, D'Orbigny. SuB-OBNUS Opfelia, Waaoen. — "Geognoatisch-Palraontologische Beitrage." Von Dr. E. W. Benecke. Page 250. Munchen : 1869. Ammonites Pebkzianus. (N. Sp.) Plate II., figs. 1 and la. (Perhaps a variety of Oppelia Waageni, Zittel. See " Die Fauna der Aelteren Ce- phalopoden Fuehreuden Tithonbildungen," by Dr. Karl Alfred Zittel. Gassel : 1870 Plate XXIX., figs. la. and 16.) Shell discoidal) lenticular, thin ; umbilicus small ; surface ornamented by broad, faint and transverae folds. * The numbers attached to theae groups refer only to the present collection. The order is nearly that adopted in the" Palnontologia I ndica," but the Ligati are placed between the Planulati and Kimbriati. instead of before the Planulati. In the case of the Ammonites only, a short deftnition of the salient char- acters of each species is prefixed to the more detailed description. /. 1 1 m 20 All the inner volntion» are oovorwl by the la^t whorl, excepting only their umbilical faccH. Oiitwr whorl iioaily flat, or only alightly convex at the Bidef* ; periphery narrowly rounded and r*!)»HH«; inner edj|K)iiM i<> !»»» water-worn in the original) !« ivprom'utoil •* too narrow and H<»«te. • Ammonites Pert ..imii i* noii»-t\ nlatcvj to A. (Oppelia) .wft< a nioi»' ri'olHi!guIarunil>ilirUH than A. PfTtziamui aH well a»* fewer and more 'llHtaut foldn on tlu "*idi's of the cuter wliorl. Both have thicker shollM tlian the upocit- junt «l»'r«t ribed, aneen the case, A, Perezianus is a thinner and flatter shell than A. Waageni, and the difference between the sculpture of the two may he of specific impon- ance. Under all the circumstances, it !»«em.-i 4ii-al»lo to propose a provisional name for the species, and the one suggested is intended to help to perpetuate the memory of the first disco- ortionately, their periphery is narrower, and their umbilicus is smaller as well as shallower. Such half- grown shells resemble the Ammonites ILiydenii of trabb very closelyi but their j)eriphery is not " nearly flat " and somewhat squared, as it is in that species, but luirnnvly ami evenly rounded. Externally there are very few characters by which they may be distinguished, but the sejitation is said to be different in Californian examples of the two species. The septa are not visible in any of Mr. llichardson's ' specimens. 2. Dwarfed costate variety. — Figs. 3 and 3a on Plate I. represent the most perfect specimen obtained of this form, the other being a mere fragment. Its greatest diameter is two inches and tive lines : the width of its umbilicus, eight or nine lines: the maximum thickness, seven lines. The fossil is, hoAvever, considerably distorted. It differs from the more typical form less in shape than in sculpture. The latter consists of simple, transverse and flexuous, rib-like folds, which are most prominent on the outer half of the sides. They form distinct, nari-owly rounded, convex arches over the perijjhery and are faintest near the umbilicus. The elevations ai'e usually narrower than the shallowly concave grooves which separate them. Sometimes a short rib occurs between two of the ordinary ones, but when this is the case it generally forms a short arch over the periphery and does not reach to the umbilicus. The folds also show a tendency to bifurcate over the per- iphery, and there are some other unimportant and exceptional variations. The greatest thickness of the whoi'ls in this variety is a little above the middle of the sides. Ammonites Breiveni was first described from the "Shasta Group" of Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County, Caliloriiia, where it appears to bo tolerably abundant. Until Mr. Kichardsoii callectefl the spei-imeiis de- scribed above from the Islands in Skidegatc Channel, the species luui not been obtained from any other locality. Ammonites difficilis of D'Orbigny, a French Neocomian fossil, is its nearest Europeau repi'csentative. Both A. difficilis and A. Brewerii are very abnormal representatives of the Clypeiformes, but as D'Orbigny and ■I dln^^(^f^^*^■* -^ o^I^l^CC L ^fi*K 24 Piclet place A. difficilis in this Koetion, A. Brewerii is inciuded in it also. The latter jwlajontologist says that A. difficilis "makes a transition " to the Ligati. /r y^ T yi^ Group II. — Mammillati, Pictet. ' Z' UAL'ka A^^i^ .i^iiiiiiiiiiliTI Stoljczkanuh, Gabm.— Variety spiniferuB. *■ 7 ^U.su*^'>y* O Plate III., fig. 3, ard Plale IV., fig. 1. A. StolicakanHs, Gabb. " Palicontology of California." Vol. II., page 136. Plate XXIII., figs. 16, 16o. i»i J' Fig. 2. Fig. 2. — Ammonites Stoliczkuniis, Gabb., var. spiniferus. Fragment sbowing the spinous nature of tlic tubercles. Shell thick; whorls widci" than high, compressed on the siphonal edge and inner half of the sides; umbilicus not very large, but deep; surface heavily costale ; ribs tuberculato, except on the centre of the periphery. Whorls five, increasing rather rapidly in size, about one-half of the inner ones being exposed. The volutions are always broader than high ; in a well-preserved «iiecimen an inch in diamctei", they are distinctly 25 »ge 136. Plate at showing the though obtusely bicarinato on the periphery, and obsolftely keeled at the sideH. With the increase of growth the keels dittappear, and the whorls Ijecome more rounded, until Anally the last one aHSumes a sub- quadrangular aspect. The inner half of the sides of the body whorl is compressed, the outer half curves convexly and rather obliquely towards the peripheiy, which is broad and flattenes8ib1e that if thiB were removed, rather more than one volution and three-fourths of another would be Tigiblo externally. Stilt, the ahale was detached from the umbilicns of the exani]>le floured, to a depth of ncarlj' tiircc-quarterii of un inch, without a trace of the inner whorU being exiwbeU. { I 28 m commence to descend towai-d« the Niitnies ; the periphery in i-ounded but Hllghtly flattened. The ap<(rtiirc is subovato, its bane being con- Fro. 3. Put 3.— A. LooANiANi'.s, outline of the aperture of a typical specimen. cavely emarginate. If measured in the centre, where the emargination is greatest, the height of the aperture is rather less than its width, but as viewed externally tlie height and width of the whorls are nearly equal. The umbilicus of the most perfect specimen is rather less than one- thii'd of the entire diameter; its inner face is somewhat straight and precipitous below ; its outer margin is evenly rounded. It is deeply excavated in the centre of the shell, but becomes shallower very rapidly towai-ds the mouth. The surface ornamentation consists of primary, trifurcating ribs, which usually alternate with secondary, simple and shorter ones. Commencing at the sutures, the primaries are at fii'st distiint, obtuse and prominent; then at about a third of the distance across the sides, they trifurcate and pass over the periphery, reuniting at exactly similar points. The 2)oint8 where the primaries begin to trifurcate are marked by small elevations, of tubercles.* -' The intervening costaj are simple and do not extend to the sutures, but become obsolete near the middle of the sides. Some- times the secondary ribs are absent, and there is rarely more than one between each pair of primaries. Although much worn in the actual specimens, there is reason to suppose that all the costa) were originally acute ; the grooves between them are concave, and a little wider than the * III one specimen, those are narrow and eluni^ted ; in the other, whose Burfacci is much abraded, they are rounded and obtuse ; in both they are feebly marked and inconspicuous. 29 ribs. As vieweotwocn the Hinnniits of two conti^uoiiH rihN(i>ii thi>iK>r- ipheiy) rarely amounts to as much as two linos, tho average being alnmt a line and a-quartor. The specimen flgui-ed, which although in some respectH tlie mowt per- fect of the two, is very much distorted, measuios about five inches in itH "reatest diameter, tho width of its umbilicus being about eighteen lines. The other is four inches and two lines across, and its umbilical cavity is fifteen lines wide. A. Lo(MNIANU8 (?) FottM A. Plate IV., figs. 2, So. .^.^ •t'»»S/ rfacci is much abraded, .Shell subglobose ; inner whorls cirtirel}* oovei'dl except the outer half of the last one; umbilicus rather small. Outer whorl somewhat inflated, broadly rounded on tho periphery, and slightl}' compressed at the sides. Umbilical cavity rathoi* more than one-l'ourth of the entire diameter, deep in the centic and shallow ex- teriorly. Margin of the umbilicus rounded, its inner face steep but low. Behind the mouth int« of bifurcation are not marked by any distinct swellings or tubercles. Occasionally a simple and shorter rib intervenes between a pair of primaries, but the intormotliato ribs are often wanting altogether, and when present never roach to the sutures. At first the costation is comparatively close set and the ribs, with their corresponding grooves, ai-e subangulai-, but in the last half turn they get wider apart and more rounded, The whole sculpture is very coarse # 1 I % for tho hIzo of tlio hIioII ; In the only specimen of thss variety, whose greutost diameter does not much exceed two inches, the I'ilw are an wide apart as they are in tho largest exanij»Ie of the typical form, which is at least four times its si/.e. tSuptation unknown. The exact dimensions of the fossils are as follows: Greatest diameter two inches and nearly four linos; width of umbilicus, almut eight lines j height of aperture, five lines; hretulth of do., one inch and three lines. Ammonites Locjanianus (?) Form B. Plate VIII., figs. I and la. • Shell inflated, globose ; the early volutions entirely concealed; umbili- cus very small. In the only specimen collected, the outer half of the last whorl is much distorted, and compressed in such a way that tlie sides are partly forced over the umbilical opening. For this reason the exact amount of the involution, the proportionate width of the umbilicus, and the shape of the aperture cannot be very accurately iiscertained. Curiously enough, the distortion does not seem to have much attectod the rest of the shell. Only one whorl is visible externally ; this is ventricose alike on the siphonal edge and at the sides ; its inwai"d curve is also convex, but rather abruptly so near the sutures. Where the distortion is least, the maximum width of the whorl (or thickness of the shell) is nearly equal to three- fourths of the gi-eatest diameter. Tho aperture is obviouslj' much wider than high, though it is difficult to estimate in what proportion. Tho um- bilicus is very small and deep. The surface is ornamented with primary, bifurcating cost®, and intervening, secondary, simple ribs. About thirty of the former can be counted on the last volution. They commence at the sutures, bifurcate at about a third of the distance across the sides, and re- unite at exactly similar and opposite ]X)ints. There are no swellings or tubercles on tho ribs where they begin to divide. At the commence- ment of the last whoi 1 the ribs bifurcate at a comparatively short distance from the sutures, but near the aperture this distance is much increased. The secondary costje usually alternate with the primaries, but the former are often absent ; when present they encircle the peri2)hery but do not extend to the sutures. Two bifurcating ribs are occasionally placed to- gether without any intervening one ; or two simple coslie may occur be- 31 twoen n pair nf primaries. When tho Inftor is the ensp, om he tntor- voning ribs Is iinusunlly long and ulnioi^t joins one of the |)i'imnrit>H, so that a tendency to bifurcation Is then olwvrvttblo. The whole of the ribH are at first crf)wdotl and fine (except near the sutures) butata little distant'e fi-om the aperture they got much wider apart. They ai-e pi-ominent, regular and acute (though sometimes, under the lens, they appear a little rounded at their summits), and the grooves between them are rather deeply concave. In the eai'lier part of tho outer whorl, tho grooves are a little wider than the ribs which bound them, they (the gi-ooves) gra- dually increase in width, until, near the aperture, they are about three times as wide and much shallower in projiortion than ut tho commence- ment of the volution. Tho ribs, too, are more acute and prominent near tho outer termination of the shell. Septation unknown. Where the specimen is least distortofl tho grcato t diameter is about two inches, and the maximum width of tho whorl (or thickness of tho shell) is nearly one inch and a half. It is doubtful whether tho four Ammonites described al>ove should bo regardeil as diflerent stages of growth of one shell, or as two, or even three, distinct species. Form A. and form B. are each represented by a single specimen of about tho same size. Notwithstanding its globose shape, and the much greater involution of its whorls, it is easy to under- stand that Form B. may be the young of tho typo of A. Loganiimm, as there is little essential difference in the style of costation of both. The sculpture of Form A. is certainly coarser and its ribs are much more distant than is the case in any of the other thi>eo specimens ; the costo) also appear to be moi-e obtuse and angular, but as tho surface is much water- worn, it is not safe to attach any imiwrtanco to tho latter character. In Form A. one volution and u half are visible externally, and in Form B. only one can be seen, but this diflferonco may have resulted from the peculiar distortion to which tho last named specimen has been subjected. On the whole, it is most probable that these four Ammonites belong to one species, of which Form A. may constitute a well marked variety. In many respects,i4mmoni<<;& Loganianus is nearly allied to the A. Gervillei of Sowerby. Form B., in particular, can scarcely be distinguished from the shell figured by D'Orbigny,* as tho young state of A. Gervillei. In more fully grown specimens, the differences between the two species are obvious; A. Gervillei m then much the most globose shell of tho two, and j# J I ' P»16ontologie Pran«aise. Terrains Jurasgiques," Vol. II, Atlas, Plate CXL i I' 'I ■.m \m K has one more whoi-1 vi»ible oxterimllj'. The volutioiiH of A. Lotjanianus art' coiled in « vci-y nimilar niHiiiH'r to Illume nf .1. bullti'us. I)'Orl>i;tiiy,='- but the ncuipture and shape of each are perfectly diHtiiict. The Oolitic Mai rocephaii, an a whole, are Haid to poHnoHw a combination of charactei'M by which they can generally bo distinjruiHhed from CreUi- ceouH AmmiMiitcM of the same j^roup. In the Oolitic npecies the nhell i» more globose, the whorln are very stiongly involute, and, as Stoliczka IniH pointetl out, " the lateral ribs form a tiiborcle about the middle of the Mi«les,Hnd then divide into two or more ribs.' In each of these respects, .4. Lognniams has more the aspect of an Oolitic than of a CrotacoouH specieH. The name proposed for this shell is intended as a tribute, of respect and affection, to the memory of the late Sir W. E. Logan. Gnmp IV.—Coronarii Bvch. SuB-ORNUS Stephanockkas, Waa(»en (Paks.)— " (se!;y and tightlj' coiled, so that their width is about two-thirds greater than their height, much raised at the sides, widest and sub-angular near their middle. The amount of involution is always slight, and decreases extei-iorly ; the inner faces of the early volutions, and the whole of the sides of the last but one being fully exposed. In the outer whorl the periphery is ventricose and rounded ; its curve is confluent with that of the outer half of the sides, which swell up (almost concavely) so as to form a sub-angular ridge about their middle, but nearer to the sutures. From the summit of this ridge, which forms the outer margin of the umbilicus, the whorls slope abruptly and almost precipittmsly down to the sutures, so as to present a nearly straight (though slightly convex) umbilical face. In the last half turn the umbilical margin becomes more rounded, and the inner face of the whorl is more oblique aud spreading. As the greater pan of one side of the only specimen collected is worn away, the exact width or thick- ness of the shell cannot be ascei'tained, but it was probably more than one- * " FuliuntuluKiu Franfaiae. Terrains J urassiques." Vol.11, Atlas, PluU' CXUI., fi(pi. 1 tvnil 2. L4/^l'W.<4 ^/U. A /^./n.-^O^ /^^/t^.'^-v ^y^^. /^W4^*.*v< ^^•»- ,r/ 4 O'/*^'/'-*"^'^^^ ;n f A. Loyanianus ua. |)'Orl.i/iiiy/!= ^M u combimition hod from Cret«- Bcies the nholl is iiid, »» Stoliizku ho middle of the )t those respofts, II of u Crotaceitus •ihulo, of roHpeit 11. alieontologische Bei- [ iHpiciiouHly coro- ounded tubercles. 3 that their width ised at the sides, it of inv^olution is ices of the early t one being fully ;ose and rounded ; the sides, which ;ular ridge about imit of this ridge, the whorls slope I, so as to jiresent face. In the last id, and the inner greater pan of one ict width or thick- ly more than one- CXLII., %». i«ma2, half of the entire diameter. The umbilicus is deeply ox('avat»'|»ocialiy in tlio contio, Iml it gots Nhallowor anil losos its regularly conical shape near tho a|K'rlurc. Ah comparod with tho outer whorl, the inner volutions oocupy rather Iosb than one-half the greatest dianiotor of the shell. As meaMU-od from two op{)osito tubercles, the innltilicus is equal to nearly thret*-foiirtlis of the whole diamotor. Tho aiHjrture is tranfjvorsoly arcuate, and its nidos are truncate and Hubangular. The last whorl is ornnmcntod with fburtoon, distant, raised, rounded tubercles, which encircle tho umbili«'us. About as many can be countoil on t!ie voIuti(m which precedes it, and the coronations can be traced oven ill the earlier whorls. Whore tho tost is preserved, the periphery and vart of the sides are covered with dose-set, numerous and transverse ribs, (varying from a quarter of a lino to a line in width) which ai-e too tine to leave definite impressions on tho cast. Those appear to proceed from each of the tubercles in bundles of about ten or fourteen. Tho distance from the centre of two contiguous tubercles on the outer whorl was found to be about seven lines, and in a sjiace of equal width imme- diately below them, fifteen or sixteen ribs could be counted. These, however, are very unequal in width, even over a very small area, and, of course, are widest near the mouth. Greatest diameter of the shell, four inches and five lines; extreme width of umbilicus, from tho centre of two opposite tubercles, three inches and one lino ; of the inner whorls, (from suture to suture) two inches and one line. The breadth of tho aperture is roughly estimated at two inches and nine lines in its widest part; its height is about eleven lines. This interesting shell, of which only one ijni)orfect sjiecimen was collected, ia nearly i-olated to the Ammonites coronatus^ of Bruguiere, and A. Blagdenif of Sowerby. The extreme fineness of the ribs in A, Eichard- sonli, together with the very slight involution of its outer whorl, will enable it to be distii.guished from either at a glance. It affords the writer much pleasure to bo able to associate the name of its discoverer with this beautiful species. The collection of which it ibrms a part is only one out of tho many additions which Mr. Eichardson has made to our knowledge of the geology and palaeontology of Canada, in a period extending over thirty years. * Paldontologie Francaise, Terrains Juras^iques. Vol. I, Atlas. Plates CLXVIII, & CLXIX- t " Mineral Gonoholo{y." Vol. II., page '231. Plate CCl. D iO' 34 . * Grmp V. Phtiitliiti. Wnofffn, nim fiurh. (Coromtrii, Buck, et ituctorum, pars.) AvwaMUvn pEniHPHiNrrrjt, Waaup.v. — "(ieognottichPalH-nntiilogiaohi) Beitrage," von Dr. R. W. Hoiiecke. Munchcn : ItMiO. Rand '2, p. 248. C><) A.MMONITE8 SKrOEOATENSfW. (N. Sp.) Plate VII. Adult and ty}>e. Plate IX., figure 1 : An inioiature, but jwrfect ipMi- men, Huppo«e themselves, and the * "Terruins Jurasslques." Vol. II. Atlas, Plate C-X.XXV, fl|fs. 3-5, t The oriifinal (lescriptinn nnU %urc A. liraikenridgii m the " Mineral Coiichology " are so viunio niid uiiBivtiBfnutory that it iB hy im ineaiiB ininrobahlu that this name may have been bestowed by European writorgon two very different Bpcvlct. Further, iliu shell represented by Pict«t, in his "Traite de Pafcun- toloifje (Atlas, Plato LV,, flg. 1) as Aiumuniteg Ilumphreyniainu, beems to be identical with the il Mraiktnriagit of D Orbijfny. 37 ■jize. Two out shape o'the elevations which ^ive a more or less coronated aspect to the shell, virios very little in dit!'eront examples. Assuminir that the whole of thesvj eeven Ammonites belong to one species, it was at first thought difficult to Jiccounl for the fact that the width (or thickness) of the outer whorl in small individuals was so much greater in proportion to their entire tiYes 'mce/>s of Reinecke, as figured by D'Orbigny in the " Paleoutologio Frangaise." In the Atlas to Vol. 11. of the '' Terrains JurasBiques," Plate CLXVL, figures are given of two specimens of A. anceps, one of which is represented as one inch and five lines, and the other as three inches and four lines in diameter. The smallest of these fossils is the thickest of the two, at least if the figures are correct. Mr. Billings has suggested * that the large specimen which is hei-e re- garded as the type of ^1. Skidegatensis, is closely allied to the Perisphinctes 4', who visited these islands in 17^6. A. Laperousianus probably belongs to Dr. Waagons sub-genus Peri- sphinctes, the young shells of which are said to be marked by |)eriodieal constrictions. Other writers regard these marks of arrests of growth as one of the distinguishing features of the Ligoti, ami the sjiecies is evidently one of the connecting links between that group and the Planulati. Its full characters have yet to be ascertained. Group 6. Liyati, D'Orbijny. Ammonites Timotheanu.s, Mayor. Plate III., figures 2, 2a. A. TimothmmiH, Mayor. Pictet et Roux. "Mollusques des Gres Verts," page .39, Plate II., fig. 6, and Plate III., figs. 1, 2. Stoliczka, "Cretaceous Cephalopoda of Southern India." Series .S, parts 6-9, pages 146, 147, Plate LXXIIL, figures 3 to 6, Shell composed of rather closely involute, nearly square whorls, which become rounded with age; umbilicus about one-third the entire diameter; surface almost smooth, but marked by distant, periodic constrictions. A-i far as can be ascertained from the rather imperfect specimens, about one-fourth of the innei- whorls is exposed. In two of these, whose dianietei- is less than as many inches, the periphery of the outer whorl is flattened, the sides are obliquely compressed, and the umbilical faces ai'e straight and steep. The squareness of the whorls is very marked at this stage of growth, but the outer angles are more rounded than the inner ones. Their aperture is subquadrangular, and wider than high, even if the basal emargination (which is squarish and moderately deep) is not taken into account. The proportions of the umbilical opening are best seen in these half grown shells. In an individual whose greatest diameter is fourteen lines, the width of the imibilicus is five lines; its margin is bluntly angular. A larger but less perfect specimen, which measures nearly three inches and a-half aci'oss, has nearly circular whorls, but they are still a little com- pressed at the sides. Its aperture is ovately orbicular, but widest ; 42 below, and the basal emargination is rather deeply concave. If meaHiued outside of the emargination, the height of the aperture is rather greater than the width ; it" in the centre, the width slightly- exceeds the length. In other words, the lateral compresnion of the whorls is ho little, that it is not equal to the depth of the emargination, In the adult shell, the umbilical margin is evenly rounded. The sculpture consists for the most part of obliquely transverse distant, periodic furrows or consti-ictions. About six of these can be counted in the outer whorl of each of the specimens; they are directed obliquely forwards on the sides, and then bend backwards so as to form a series of shallowly concave sinuses on the periphery. Besides these, there are a few faint revolving linos on the siphonal edge, and some still fainter stria) of growth across the whorls, but both are so incon- spicuous that, apart from the narrowlj- concave constrictions, the surface is practically smooth. Septation unknown. The thi-eo Ammonites described above agree so exactly with Stoliczka's description and figures of A. Timotheunus, that they are provisionally (at least) regai'ded ao belonging to that species. In the absence of anj- definite knowledge of the st>tation of the Queen Charlotte Island specimens, their identification is, of course, somewhat uncertain. The memoir in which A. Timotheamis was first described is, unfortunatelj-j { inaccessible to the writer. According to Stoliczka, Pictet originallj- recorded it as a fossil of the "Gres Verts" of Saxonet in Savoy. It was afterwards noticed by D'Orbign}-, Gras and others, from the Gault and Etage Albion (Lower Chalk) of the South of France. Hauer thinks i that specimens of an Ammonite from the Gault of South-Western Hxmgary may belong to this species. In India, A. Timotheanus has been collected from the " Trinchinopoly Series of Serdamungalum, North of Anapaudj- and near Ondoor; " also from the " Ootatoor Series of the I neighbourhood of Odium : Mooraviatoor and Penangoor." It was first catalogued as a British fossil in 1875. In the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London (Vol. XXXI., pp. 2*77 and 306), Mr. A. A. Jukes Brown says that it is found, though rarely, in the I phosphatic deposits of the Upper Gault, or " Etage Vraconnien," at | Cambridge. 43 Group 7. — Fiinhriati, D'Oi'ligny. Sul'-genus Lytocem», Suets. ( Thyxnnnceran, Ui/att.) Ammoniteh KrMciNCTr.s (X. Si*.) Plate II., FiK«. 2, '2r wliorlrt iiro widl t'X|M)s«"(l. Tlioy occupy ii Mpnco u^mt erjuul to one- halt'iifthc oiilire tliaincter. Tlic ap«'itur»« !?♦ ovatoiy orliicular, ('X<-o|>l at the buHo which is very uli^litiy «niart,'iiiato ; itM hci/,'ht and hrcadih are nearly cfiual. The Hculpture cliaiwtoristic of the sjuscies in hcnt Hcen in tho InHt half turn. It eon«i8tH of tninsvorsc, raised linos, which arc found to be minutely crenate when examined with a lens. They are placed at irregular intervals (of from one-sixth to one-eighth of an inch in width,) n\)OU the convex surface of the shell, and are not separated by any corres|)onding grooves or depreHsions. Near the aperture there JU'e a few indistinct, but rather orowdoti revolving .lines on the periphery and outer half of the sides, A few faint transverse grooves, or constrictions, (the remains of former lips) also cross the whorls at irregular but distant intervals. Four of these can be counted on the last volution. The septa form three lobes on each side, of which the two outer ones at least are very deeply and somewhat numerously divided ; the second lateral lobe is placed on (or near) "the umbilical border, and a single accessory one on the inner margin of the whorls. The first and second lateral lobes and satldles are bipartite with bifid subdivisions; the dorsal lobe is nearly as long as the first lateral, which is the broadest; the siphonal saddle appeal's to bo elongate-conical, simple and entire ; it is about one-half the height of the first lateral ; the outer branches of all the saddles are scarcely longer than those of the inner ones. Greatest diameter, one inch and nine lines ; do. of the inner whorls, nine lines ; width of the outer whorl rather less than seven lines ; height of the same, as measured from the outside, rather more than seven lines. As there is only one small specimen available for comimrison, which does not show the characters of the septation very clearly, it is doubtful whether this shell should be regarded as identical with the Lytoceras Liebigi of Oppel, or as a distinct sijecies. So far as figures of the European fossil enable one to judge, thei-e are certainly some differences between the two at the same iige, but these are slight and, perhaps, unimportant. In young shells of L. Liebigi, the amount of involution of the whorls is greater than is the case with those of the Queen Charlotte Island shell. The surface of the outer whorl of X. Liebigi is then marked with three or four transverse raised ridges, which are so rtrominent as to break the curve of its outline ; the few consti-ictions across the last volution of L. crenocostatus are bounded by scarcely perceptible eleva- tions. The latter is also rather the flattest of the two shells. Under all the 47 circiiiiiMfniicoH it is (IconHHl ikJvjmiI))*' to k«'fp llu' two s|M'<'iex Hoparato, at loft."*! for the pi-om-nt, aini u |ir'ovipii j*iig^c«te«l, iiccoi'iiinKly, f"i' the toNNJi follfctfti \>y Mr. IJitiianUtn. Grmtp fi. — Douhfful Species. Ammomtkh (Sp. uiiilt.) Plate III., figurea 4, -in. Compare A. Bimplus b'Orl)igny. " I'aj^ontologie Fran9aige. TerrainB C'retaces." Vol. I., jingt'8 'J(W It. Atlas, Vul. I., Plate LX., figs. 7—9. Slioll strongly involute, globonc, tho tliiokncHH Iwing nlx)iit a fifth loHH than the greatCHt diameter; umbilicMs small but deep; periphery rounded ; aperture much wider than high. Surface nearly .smooth, niarketl only by a few lines of grow^th. Soptation unknown. Diameter of the only specimen five linos; maximum thickness about lour linos; width of umbilicus rather loss than one line. This little shell can scarcely he distinguished from the A. simplus of l)'0'"bigny, as figured and described in the work just quoted. On the olhei hand, many Ammonites have a glolxise, nautiliform shell in their very 3'oung state, so that this fossil is probably only an early stage of growth of one of tho species previously described, though, owing to the want of a series of specimens of all ages, it is at present impossible to f.ay of which. .Not a little difference of opinion exists as to what arc the true relations of D'Orbigny's A. simphts, which is generall}- believed to be tho young of some other species. D'Orbigny himself has united it with his 'A. verrucosus, a decision in which he has been followed by many palaj- ontologists. Stoliczka disputes the correctness of this view, and with much apparent justice. In the " Index Pala^ontologicus," (Vol. I., pages 49 and 59.) Bronn places A. simplus, though with a note of interrogation, (implying a doubt as to the propriety of the reference) among the synonyms of A. m'tcroceph'ilvs, Scblotheim. This suggests the idea that the present shell may be the young of A. Lognnianus, nobis. Zittel includes A. simplus in his genus Aspidoceras, and the fossil just described is certainly very like the early stage of Oppel's A. cyclotum. As the Ammonites Stoliczknnus of Gnbb has many of the characters of Aspido- ceras, this little shell may be tho young of it. nAMITE8(?) (Hp. Illl.lt.) I'l»t« IX., lit{iiro3. ('i)in|iaro MainiUN clf^'aiiH, l>'()rl>igny. "I'aH'ontolii^ie FraM'.aiHf. Terrain* Cretares. I'latoC'X.V.MII., ligH. I to.^ Vol. I., ]>a^u* .542 and .Vt."). Atlait, f y A «in/,'lo t'riininoiit of a copliiilopoiloiin -tlu-ll, iilHtiit an inch in lon^^th by four linoM in •liarnetor, whirh iw rwforroil to this ^^iMiiis with much doubt, Th« HjKH'inion in quite strui^'ht and does not decruuno in width very porceptibi}-. As viowe Amauropsis Tenuistriata, (N. Sp.) Plate IX., figs. 4, 4a. Shell subovate, spivo short, body whorl about three-fourths of the entire (7^ ,t/>«^«tC< length ; umbilicus entirely closed. . ,J^i ^/. i and .'H». Atla 4» Wliorl.-* finir. the vnily oripn nMiinloi hut Homi'whnt nn^iilar iiNivc «rnl a little (•orn|»r«'>*"'«Ml at tin- siiU-H ; llii' r distinctly ini|MH's»<' with tlic >*idt', thi- Hiiturc itwlf bcin^ lijjhtly chuiuudled. Uolow tlio narrow siitnral shoulder the iHMJy whorl is Hatt<>n«'d ornlif^htly contavo alxtvi- thi« iniddli! ; IxMu-ath, or aNnit tln^ rontiv. it In'romo* incxlr- ratoly vontricoso. and then narrows suddt-nl}' to tho ha.H^^ The nnibilii'iin is coniplctoly covered, and thin \h ;»ailly due to a thickening of the cohi- mellar lip above. Tho aperture is rounded extcriorl}-, while on the columellar nldo itH outline in concave above and convex below ; the Imne rtoeins to have been obtiiHely pointed. The Nurfiico ornnmontatlon conHi.sts of minute, tranHverHe. raJKed striiP, which are rather irregular, and show a tondoncy to become arranged ob- sciu'oly in bands. ^Thcse ti-anHvcrse and crowded Htriations are crosHed l)y similar though much more distant revolving lincH, whose di8po«iti(m in very variable. On the penultimate volution the deetissation is extremely minute, but it appears to cover the whole area. On the bfKly whorl tho revolving 8tria> seem always present at or near the nhoulder, and goner- ally, though not always, in the centre of the volution. In every ease the revolving striro are much fainter than tho transverse ones, and the former are often obsolete. Total length of tho largest spooimeii, rather more than nine lines from tho apex to the base ; height of body whorl about seven lines ; maximum width of do., about six and-a-half lines. Sovon spocimi '1.. ,,i'thi,s species wore collected, two of which are mere casts. None ot them ai'o quite perfect, although in two the characteristic sculpture is well preserved, and the description is, accoi-dingly, compiled from a generali average of the features shown by the whole collectively. il PSKUDOMELANIA (?) (Hp, undt.) A fragment of a large spiral shell, consisting only of about two and a half of the basal whorls, which may bclang t > his genus. Tlie tost is partly preserved on the last two volutions, but it is absent on nearly tho whole of the upper whorl. Apart from the sutures, there are no spiral grooves on any part of tho cast, and the shell is i)resumably therefore not a Neriruva. The specimen is clearly part of an elongate, subulate shell, with smooth or only faintly striated whorls, and with the sutures not very deeply impressed. The volutions arc much flattened, and the luht one is t i " ! i /i 60 more than twice art high uh that which precedes it. Tlic tent also is rather thick. . ( So far as can be awccrtained from such an imperfect Hpecimeu, thin siMjcies HcemH to be nearly related to Miich nhells us the MeUinia Hedding- totiensis of Sowerby * to the Chemnitzia Athleta f D'Orbigny, and to other Hiraihir species described by the hitter writer. Sowerby, indeed, describes his M. Heddingtonensis as having an infrn-sutural carina, but that character is HO often absent that it is not represented at all in any of the five figures of the species in the " Terrains Jurassiques." The ffenus Pseudomelania was constituted by P. De Loriol for the recej)- tion of the large, smooth and elongated Oolitic fossils formerly referred to Melania and latterly to Chemnitzia. The so called Chemnitziae of the Mesozoic i-ocks may have had tolerably near affinities with such genera as Eulima or Eulimella, but scarcely with the minute recent shells, with cancellate sculpture, once referixxl to Chemnitzia but now usually included in Eisso's genus Turbonilla. The nearest Cretaceous representatives of this species ai'o the Turritella Jlenauxiana and Eulima amphora of D'Orbigny. SCALARIA AlBENSIS (? ?) D'OrBIONT. Plate IX, figure 5. Kiularia Albcusis, D'Orbigny. " Paleontologle Fransaisc, Tunains Cretaces," Vol. II., pp. 61, 53. Atlas, Plate CI^IV., flgH. 4 and 5. The fiii<;iuent re2)resentcd on Plate IX agrees remarkably well, so far as it goes, with D'Orbigny's descriptions and figures of the Scalaria At- liensis, a Lower Neocoraian fossil from the Department of Yonne, in France. The original diagnosis of that species is as follows: — "S. tesUi lurritu, iniporforalft, transversim tenuiter striatft, longitudinaliter costatfi,: costis flexuosis, obtusis, antic^ posticeque evanescentibus; spira angulu 13", ultimo anfractu non carinato; aperturii stibrotundutA." The mouth <>1 the only specimen from the Queen Charlotte Islands is broken off, but otherwise (he characters of both seem identical. On the other hand, there is reason to doubt whether some of the Creta- ceous shells placed by D'Orbigny in the genus Scalaria really belong to the family Scalida). In an article on Cretaceous Gasteropoda, contributed to the " Geological Magazine," for March, 1876, the author, Mr. J. Starkic " •• .Milium! Corehologj ." Plate XXXI X, llBuru 2. t " ^''i'^uotcl^'tfii' IriiiiV'^ibi;. Tcrraiiiu Juratitii(jiioti." riale CCXliV, fl^jAirit X- 3Ht alHO M rathei- I'o tho Turritella Cretaces," Vol. II., 61 (iardnor, suyH of S. Clementina Mich.. " I Imvo liap|M)r(nnity ol ex- amining the original of D'OrMgnyV tiiiiu-e ii\ (ho 'Puleontologic Frangai^o' at tho I'k'olo (le« Mines, and find that tlio drawing represents tho whorls more convex and inf1ateeiiu», Vul. IV., \m^\i SoU, riale XI, fit;, (i. e C~<-a^ T" C <*r elow the middle ; the upper half is obliquely flattened, and the base is depressed and gently convex. The outer lip is angular below the middle, alfco at its base; the columellar lip is nearly horizontal, and together with the outer lip, mei-ges into the commencement of the next volution above. Behind the columellar lip there is adeep but narrow umbilical excavation, but this does not apparently expose any of the inner whorls. The shell is everywhere encircled by revolving raised lines. Below the mesial angle of the body whorl these are simple, equidistant and regularly arranged. Although moderately prominent, they arc obtuse and rounded ; the grooves between them are about equal ir. width to the lines themselves. Upon the whole of the spire and on the upi)cr half of the body whorl the revolving lines are tiner, more irregularly disposed and show a decided tendency to arrangement into bundles. On the upper pai't of the shell the revolving striae are crossed by obliquely ti'ansverse lines, which in one instance, at least, are directed backwards. These are entirely absent on the basal portion. The transverse striations are not interrupted by the revolving lines, except perhaps at the median angle upon which the band of the sinus is placed, but pass continuously over them. The effect is that the revolving linos have a more or less beaded appearance, and this is jiarticularly well seen above and below the median angle of the penultimate and antepenultimate whorls. The beading is rather distant, and seems to become obsolete near the aperture. The "band of the sinus" is only seen in a single place on the penultimate whorl of one of the specimens. It is flattened above and below, and its centre is traversed by a single, clearly-tletined, raised line; its whole area being marked by close set, tine and delicate striations. These latter are each shaped like u V placed sideways, the apex of the letter being directed backwards. They run almost exactly parallel to ' each other, but are so minute as to bo scarcely visible to the naked eye. No distinct margin can be traced on either side of the band, bwt. the sculpture of this part of the shell is very imperfectly shown at the best. Only three examples wore collected, one of which is a mere cast. The other two are so much distorted that the exact measurements could not be ascertain (.■(]. The shell is only partly jn-eserved on these, and the ii^ures thoreioic on Plate IX. a/e partly rost«ralio!»s. The specimen irallel with tho ^1. Tho bocly ittle beh)W the le is dopresHcd niddle, aUo at jther with tho rolution abovo. ical excavation, ■Is. lines. Below squidistaut and ley arc obtuse 11 width to the e upper half of alaily disposed On the upper uely tninsverHC :wards. These e striations are at the median ,S8 continuously a more or less )0ve and below e whorls. The olete near tho place on tho ned above and led, raised line; ic;vte striations. he apex of the etly parallel to tho naked eye. band, but. tho shown at the iicre cast. The ents could not these, and the The specimen ft3 selected for illustration happens to bo distorted in such a manner as to make tho transvei-se strisD appear to be directed fcu-wards, but in another individual they certainly incline backwards, and this is probably their normal arrangement. AcT^EON, (Sp. undt.) In bieaking up some pieces of shale from either Maud or Lina Island, six specimens of a small gasterepod were discovered, which perhaps belong to tliis age 194. 56 1 l-x M' ■ r 1 roHtrictod, und au the typo of Parapholas hm only one, the Qiioon Charlotte Ihland Ibssil ih, lor the j)r<.'«ent, regui-ded an a Martesia. It \h not improbiiblo that the two gcncru will ultiniatoly Ijo merged in one, and in that oaue Martesia, which in much the oldest name, will have to bo retained. Martesia tundens of StoMczka, from the Cretaceous rocku of Southern India, in itK young utato nearly roHembloH the present M^jecies, but the Asiatic shell is mere elongated and acute behind, and its valves are marked by only one impressed groove. Thbacia (Sp. undt.) ., Compare Lutraria (Thracia ?) carinifera, Sowerby. *' Mineral Conchology," Vol. VI., p. 66, Plate DXXXIV, fig. 2. (^Lyonaia (? Thracia) carinifera, (Sow.) D'Orbigny. " Pal^ontologie Fran^aiae, Terrains Cretacea," Vol. III., page 385. Atlas, Plate CCCLXXIIL, figs. I and 2. A single imperfect cast, with the surface much abraded, ivhich clearly belongs to the same genus »8 the fossil with which it has just been com- pared, and is very much like it specifically. Both are 8qi.arely truncate behind'; in each there is an oblique ridge or keel which extends from the beaks to the posterior end of the ba»e ; and there is a certain resemblance in the general outline of both. Still, the two species are entirely distinct; the beaks in Mr, Richardson's specimen are divergent and wide apart, they are placed also at a considerable distance behind the middle, and consequently the shell is produced anteriorly and very short posteriorly. In Thracia carinifera the beaks are close together and nearly central, while the length of the shell is greater in proportion to its height than is the case with the species from the North Pacific. The only specimen of the latter is too imperfectly preserved either to permit of a sufficiently accui'ate description being made, or for a satisfactory comparison with closely allied forms. Agassiz places Sowerby's Lutraria carinifera in the geiius Oorimya, bnt Stoliczka, who favoui-s keeping Corimya and Thracia apart, thinks that it may be a Thracia, although he previously states that " fossil species be- longing to Thracia propers are as yet only known fi-om Tertiary deposits ; those from Cretaceous beds may, with equal probability, be referred to the former genus " {Corimya). Pictet states more positively that it is a Thracia. 13 67 H valves are TaaAciA, (Sp. undt.) PerhajM Corimya (? Thracia) Nicoleti, AgaoHiz. " Ktudes critiqiieR sur Ion Myoa FoMileg." Livraison IV., iMige272. Plate XXXVH, figures I 6. Compare also Corimya Studeri Ag. ( -Tellina inuerta, Thiinn.) Throe broken and distorted cants of a typical HjiecioH of Corimya (or Tljrai'ia) whose siiapo and surfuco markings are undistingiiishablo from those of the Corimya Nicoleti figured in the memoir above cited. In the most perfect of those specimens there are two narrow gi-ooves on the right valve, which run obliquely from the hinge margin, behind the beaks, towai-ds the upjjer part of the posterior end, but which are noarl}' parallel to the superior border behind. These of course indicate the preeence of as many raised lines on the inner surface of that valve. Similar markings on the interior of the valves are not shown quite so distinctly in the original illustrations of C. Nicoleti, nor is anything said about them in the text. Still, Mr. Eichai-dson's specimens agree in every essential point with the description of that species, but they are so imporfect that their identification is uncertain and must be so until a better series is obtained. Goldfuss' figures of Corimya Studeri, under the name Tellina incerta, Thurman, are also ver ko the Queen Charlotte Island shell. Most palffiontologis' xiav j agreed in uniting Agassiz's gonus Corimya, with Thracia of Blainville, although this view was opposed by the late Dr. Stoliczka. If the two genera are to bo kept separate, the present species, with its compressed rather than inflated form, and especially in its having "two long ribs running from the beaks posteriorly," belongs rather to Corimya as i-e-defined by Stojiczka, than to Thracia proper. Pleuromya (?) Carlottensis. (N. Sp.) (^ Plate IX, Figure 8. Shell slightly inequivalved, moderately convex in front, concavely attenuate at the sides behind. Outline elliptic ovate, short and nari-owly rounded in front, produced and bluntly pointed at the base, posteriorly ; length rather more than a third greater than the height. The beaks are situated at a distance of about one-fourth from the anterior end ; they are wide, but not very acute ; their apices are curved inwards and a little forwards. Behind the umbones the hinge line is nearly straight but somewhat concave, its general direction is downwards. The ligamental area is lanceolate in outline, but not very clearly defined, /s R ' It '^M ' l'\ I I : :;li ■"4 m although thoro in a fainl angularity which oxtendn from the bealcA to the poHterior end of tiie hin^'O innrgin. The ix)Hteii()r end Im broi Shell Hwollen and ventricose in ft-ont, rapidly docieaHing in thieknesH [)ohind; height more than one-third loss than the length; outline Hub- • bvute. The Huporior border is straight and neai'ly horizontal, if viewed Literally, but assoen from above it is concavely intloctod on each side, and Iho result is that there is a vvolUlofinod, narrowly lanceolate, excavated tscutcheou. The inflection is so decided as to present the appearance of jiii obtuse ridge on each valve, and both of these extend in a slightly con- rex curve from behind the umbones to the postei'ior end of the hinge line, rhich is sunk below their level. The umbonal region is much inflated, but the beaks themselves are not very large, and do not project much fbove the hinge margin; they arc situated very near the anterior ex- remity, but are not quite terminal ; their apices are incurved, approx- lating, and jioint very slightly forwards. In front of, but just under Iho beaks, the hinge lino is short, straight, and oblique, with a distinctly ^ownwai-d slope ; there is no lunule. The anterior prolongation of the linge line is mostly concealed by the upward swell of the beaks, so that In some aspects there appears to be a concave lunular declivity. The (interior end is angular a little above the middle, subtruncate in the centre, tnd somewhat rounded at the base. The basal margin is regularly semi- bvate (that is, on the supposition that the ovoid be divided in the direction bf its greatest length) the most prominent part being about or behind the liddle, the upward trend being greatest posteriorly. The posterior end Is narrowly rounded, and judging by the lines of growth, a little angular \t is junction with the hinge boi-der above. In front iand below, the v.alves ieem to have been nearly closed ; behind they gape very slightly. The surface is marked by concentric ribs or rib-like folds, which are Separated bj' narrow grooves. Both are very irregular in their disposi- tion, and are often partly divided longitudinally, so that they are rarely Continuous from efnd to end. There are also a few, very faint, radiating // it n i^r'^ i. 60 linen, about twelve in number, which cnwH the conoentrlr rifw, hut whf* n «lo not t^iwi a n<3 u( thv slicll, a niurv uurr«c( uuttilie is given In the wuuUcut. 'W rl 'f ■ •■1 ftomewliul ilirtV'iviil. In L. nuhundota tla- iVnni lialt ot tlio (»H|K>rit)i- In)H<]tri>Hcnt«'n now under «-onr«iiUM-alid a half lines; actual lieight, in the middle, twelve and a half lines; actual thickness, six linear'. V ii.il ♦;;i AltliMiii,'h it in alniitHt ii'iiuiii that thin «hell iit nothing nioii! tliiiii ihf itiliilt stiijif III du' |»rt'ie<|iit>n<'u is t\w |K)Mition of the hfaks, whirh are phuoil lM)hinil tho tontro in the small Hpocinu-n, and a littlo in a?' one of the H])ocimons of L. ventricosa as roproHonted by Meek, (Jteport cited, I'l ite XVll., Hg. ;^, h, bis.,) except that the beaks of the latter are j'luce Shell modoratelj' comjirosscd, ovatcly triangular, bluntly pointed or subangular about the middle in front, and a little below it behind ; length rather greater than the height ; test vor}' thin. The beaks, which are placed at about one-foiu'th of tho distance from the anterior end, are of medium size; their apices are dii-ected forwards, and sunk a littlo below the highest level of the hinge line. There is no lunule, and the OHCutclieon is a narrowly lanceolate groove with almost vertical sides. The posterior half of tho shell is somewhat produced and sub-angular below the middle; the superior boi-dor behind and the margin of the postei-ior end ui , ..nited in one bold and unbroken convex cm'vo, which extends frou. Lho beaks to tho ventral margin. The downward direction of this curve is, however, most decided below the termination of the hinge lino. The basal margin is broadly but unevenly rounded, the fvont half being most projecting and the hit)der half rather more contracted. ]Jelow the beaks, in front, the supei'ior boi-der descends obliquely in a straight or slightly convex line, and forms a sub-angular junction with tho ventral border at thv centre of the anterior end. 04 Th« oxUM-nal wulptiire coiisistw of very fine and close »et coiicnutric t^trito. Tho markirigH on the interior can only be traced, and that very olwcurely, on the right valve of one of the cast*. In IhIh valve there are indicationH of three cardinal teeth, which diverge widely from above downwai-dw. The anterior tooth is oblique and almost longitudinal; the centre one in short, triangular, and nearly tranHveree to the hinge line; whili, the posterior tooth is long, oblique and directed backwaixls. The pallial impressions seem altogether obliterated. In an average specimen, the length is rather more than tirtoon lines ; the height, in the centre, is thirteen lines; and the thickness through the valves, six lines. Nine or ten specimens were obtained by Mr. Richai-dson, three of which are quite perfect, with the shell preserved on both valves. The outline of the species is very variable, some specimens being nearly ovate while others are subtrigonal. C. subtrujojia is a flatter shell with a more triangular form than C. Deweyi of Meek and Haydcn,* and C. orbiculata of Hall and Meek f has the posterior side more broadly ana evenly rounded. The figure .,n Plate VIII. represents a variety in which the anterior and posterior onds are not nearly so much pointed sui usual. I a1 Callista. (?) (Sp. undt.) Plate IX., fig. 1 1, Shell compressed, but rather tumid in the middle ; very inequilateral ; outline elongate ovate ; length about a fourth greater than the height ; test very thin. The beaks ai-e situated very near to the anterior end, but ju'e not quite terminal ; they are small and point forwai-ds, but their apices do not rise above the highest level of the hinge boi-der. There seems to be no lunule pro])er, and the escutcheon is a nairowly lanceolate deep groove, which is bounded on each side by a sharp ridge. Behind the beaks the hinge line is almost straight, and its downwaixi curve is very gentle ; the posterior end is narrowly, and tho basal margin broadly rounded. Immediately below the beaks, in front, a sliort and concave lunular declivity extends to a little above the middle of the * " Proceedingfl of the Aoadeim- of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1><50," pa|{e 83. "Report on the Invertebrate CretAveoiu and Tertlurv FosHilg of the Upper Miiigouri Country." By F. B. Meek. Wiwhlngton : 187U. PsKOS 182 3, Plate XVlI., hga. lf>, a, b, e, d, e. t " Memoira of the Anieriuin Academy of Art« and Sciences, CambridKo." Vol. V New Series. Pages 'Mi-'i, Plate I., Hk. 7. " K«|H)rt on the lnvertel)rate Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils of the Up|)er MlMuuri Country," &c., paifw ia«-7, Plato V., figs. 2, a, b, c. ,!••-' IB anterior end, beneath which the latter is naiTowly rounded. The boaks being nearly terminal, the anterior portion of the shell is very short, and the posterior much elongated. Apai't from the irregularity caused by the beaks, the general outline is almost that of u pure ovoid, the height being rather greater in front than behind. The surface is marked by rather coarse and unequal concentric striae of growth, but the sculpture is much eroded. Judging by the im- pressions on a broken cast, the hinge teeth seem to have been of the same number and shape as those of the preceding species. Length of the most perfect specimen, one inch ; height, in the middle, nine lines; maximum thickness, five and a half lines. A single example, with the test imperfectly preserved on one valve, and a fragment of the cast of another. This little shell appears to have some distant analogies with the CoUliata tenuis of Hall ind Meek, * and with tJie Venus sublcevis of Sowerby, f but the generic position of the present fossil is so uncertain that it would be a waste of time to sptoulate ujwn its specific relations with such imperfect materials at hand for comparison. It is just as likely to be a Tapes or an oval Cyprimeria as a Callista. Besides the two CaUistce just described, there are a few large casts in a very poor state of preservation. Judging only by external form, some of these at least may have belonged to the Yeneridee, although no indi- cations of the pallial sinus characteristic of that family as opposed to the Glossidaj, can be traced in any of them. The most perfect specimen, which measures two and a half inches in length by two inches in height, has much the general shape of Cyprina ovata of Meek and Hayden, J but that species has a less swollen umboual region, and its test is com- paratively thick. That of the Queen Charlotte Island shell is extremely thin and fragile. \ r- Unio Hubbardi, Gabb. XXX., fig. 85. Unio Hubbardi, Gabb. Plate IX , figure 13. " PaliBontology of California," Vol II, pages 190-91, Plate * "Hemuirg of the American Academy oi .'.ns and Sciences, Cambridge," Vol. V. New Series, Plate !., fig. 5. "Report on the invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary Kossiig of the Upiwr Missouri Country," ic, page 188, Plate V., figs. 1, « ty d. Series IV. t " Transactions of the Geological .Society of London, fli?. 5. Vol. II., page 342, Plate XVIf., t ■■ Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia, 1867," paoe the Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils of the Uppor Missouri Country,''**., cutespacially. 144. " Report on |JH;«146. Vfoci- // H if' Perhaps = Unto Adumui, Sowerby. Plate DXC v., figs. 2,2. H "Mineral Conchology," Vol. VI., page 190, Shell convex, elongated ; outline ovately triangnlar or ovately wedge shaped ; anterior side short and rounded ; posterior side long and bluntly pointed at the extremity ; length greatly in excess of the height. Beaks moderately large, compressed at almost a right angle to the elides of the valves, incurved, pointing slightly forwards, and placed at a distance of about one-fourth the length from the anterior end. Lunule none ; ven- tral margin straight, or a little concave behind the middle, more pro- minent under the beaks, and curving up regularly in front. Posterior side very variable in shape, usually moderately elongated and sub- triangular, but sometimes much more lengthened and narrowly attenuate. In the typical form the hinge margin slopes convexly and rather rapidly downwards from behind the beaks, and the posterior extremity still more abruptly so, the latter being bluntly pointed below. The normal contour of this part of the shell is elongately subtriangular, two of the sides being gently convex and the central angle rounded. In an exceptionally lengthened variety the posterior side is narrowlj' attenuated and wadge shaped ; the hinge border descends obliquely in an almost unbroken straight line, and the posterior extremity is narrowly rounded. A blunt ridge extends downwaixis and backwards from the beaks to the posterior end of the base, and in so doing separates an obliquely flattened area from the rest of the shell. The ligament is external and proportionately rather narrow. The surface is marked by coarse and iri-egular lines of growth ; the beaks, which are often much eroded, are undulately corrugated when perfect. Out of thirty specimens collected by Mi*. Eichardson, twenty-nine have both valves, with the test, preserved, and the ligament even is visible in some. In every case, however, the posterior extremity, which is the thinnest and therefore weakest jjart of the shell, is broken off. Some- tinuis the surface of the test is partly covered by a thin film of pyrites. The only detached valve collected, a right valve, having been soaked a long time in water, an attempt was made to remove the matrix thus softened and to expose the hinge teeth. Although the rather thick test broke in pieces during the operation, it was found that besides the oi-dinary cardinal teeth, there was a longitudinal groove in the right valve, for the I'eception of a corresponding lateral and laminar tooth in ■mri IkmM the left. The shell, therefore, is clearly neither an AnodonUi nor a Margnritana. Hstimatod length of a fairly typical specimen, two inchen ami nine lineHj actual height of do., front beaks to base, one incii and nine lines; tnaximum thickness, one inch and three linos. Probable length of a mucii more elongated individual, three inchen and one line ; actual height from beaks to ba.se, (the beaks being much erfKled) one inch and eight lines; thickness, scarcely fifteen lines. The shmled part of the figure on Plate IX. is intended as a representa- tion of the elongated and attenuated vai'iety of this species. In this instance the dotted lines are not added by way of restoration, but to show the shape of another individual. The majority of specimens are much shorter, and the downward slope ol the antei-ior extremity is usually more decided. Mr. Gabb's partly restored diawing of the original type is slightly inaccurate ; the hinge border behind is too straight and its downward inclination is not sufficiently expressed. The posterior end is too wide and its upper margin not convex enough. The locality from which Unto Hubbardi was first obtained is thus described by the author of the species: "A single specimen, from the Nanaimo Coal Mine, Vancouver Island, Chico Group, kindly loaned me by Mr. Hubbard, of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company of San Francisco, and to whom I dedicate this .species, in recognition of the unostentatious but valuable services he has been rendering to science for a series of years past." The statement that this fossil was found in the Cretaceous Coal fields of one of the Islands of the Vancouver gi'oup, is probably a mistake. At any rate it has not been recorded by any subsequent observer as occurring in that region, nor can any trace of it be found in the large and important collections made by Mr. Eichardson at these islands during the jjast five years. On the other hand, it is not oi;ly one of the commonest species in the Carbonaceous Shales near Cowgitz on Graham Island, but it is the only mollusc yet detected in them. The elongated and attenuated variety of U. Hubbardi described above, is barely distinguishable from the Uido Aduncus of Sowerby , a fossil from the Wealden Formation of Tilgate forest, in England. U, Aduncus <6eerci% to be rather straighter at the anterior mai'gin, and its base is appa- rently rather more gibbous under the beaks than are the correspond- ing parts of the Queen Charlotte Island shell, but these diflfevences do not appear to be constant, and in any case are scai-cely of specific importance. The figures in the " Mineral Conchology " are taken from 68 2i> i '. % broken examplen, and the descriptions of the species are very nhort and indefinite. The po terior pointed extremity of the English specimens are broken oflf, just as they are in tlie shells described above. In North America, as most collectoi-s are aware, the pointed ends of the valves of living Unionidfle are often bitten off by muskrats and other animals, whoso instinct teaches them which is the most fragile part of the shell and how beat to t 8C at the (to them) luscious morsel inside. In the case of the fossile, however, the fracture is probably accidental. , Q Tbioonia divehsicostata. (N. Sp.) \ Plate X., figure 1. Shell moderately inflated, elongated, scaphoid or subarcuate, very inequilateral; anterior end short and rounded ; posterior side produced, cuspidate and bluntly pointed above. Beaks lai-ge, projecting, recurved, anterior, nearly terminal. Lunule none; posterior area (of the two united valves) broadly ovate lanceolate, with a rounded ronrgin. Hinge border, behind the beaks, straight or slightly concave, sometimes with a very gentle downward inclination, which becomes a little more decided at the tip of the beaked posterior extremity. Ventral mai-gin broadly rounded, but the upward curve is always greatest behind. The short anterior end is always much wider than the posterior extremity, and the margin of the latter is convex below and almost straight above. As measured in the centre, behind the beuks. the height is less than half the length : the thickness or ( ouvexity is nearly equal to the height. Surface boldly ribbed, with a very singular and complex style of cos- tation. At the anterior end the general direction of the ribs is almost . horizontal, but near the margin they are curved, and ultimately straighten and trend upwai^s. In the basal half of the shell, however, they are either undulated or bi-oken up into a series of zigzags. Thirteen or fourteen of these horizontal ribs commenced at the margin of the anterior end ; then, neai' the middle of the valves, five or six of them suddenly bend upwai'ds at a shai-p angle, and become either transverse, or at length incline a little forwards. About one-half of the ribs which proceed from the anterior end are not continuous, but are distinctly truncated by the up- ward bend of those which reach to the superior border. This is most obvious in the umbonal region, for on the beaks the first five anterior ribs are cut ofP, as it were, by the upwai-d bend of the sixth. Below this the anterior costee seem alternately continuous and interrupted. '. ■ ■ ■ - 69 ■ Towardw the posterior end, the ribs are traDsverse and cioss the valve» in a radiating manner, the radii being directed backwards. At their junction with the outer border of the hinge area, these posterior costje are narrow alxA'e and widen sNiiimotrically to the mai'gin below or behind. The posterior area is ribbed longitudinally ; but the costa? are curved and follow its general outline. At tirst they are very narrow^, and attain their maximum width at the point farthest from the beaks. In some specimens tlie ribs which traverse the valves behind bifurcate with those on the posterior area, and at the extreme tip of the beaked end the direction of both is not far from parallel. , The sculpture of this distinctly characterized species is subject to con- siderable variation. In one specimen the transverse ribs which proceed from the anterior margin, are bent into a series of zigzags before they take their final upward turn. In another distorted example the same ribs traverse fully two-thirds of the shell before they bend upwai'ds, and their angles lie in the direction of a line drawn obliquely from the beaks to the base of the posterior end. In the majority, the longitudinal and transverse ribs occupy each about one-half of the surface, and the angles of those which so suddenly alter their c(mrse are placed in the direction of an obliquely concave line which might be drawn from the beaks to a little behind the middle of the base. Again, in one instance the costa) on the posterior area bifurcate distinctly with the transverse ribs on the main body of the shell, in other examples the latter are truncated by the former. In all cases, however, the ribs in front, though they trend up- wards, and their course is more or less broken, are nearly longitudinal ; on the posterior area they are decidedly so, while on the beaked post- erior end and on the hinder part of the umbonal region they are trans- versely radiating. Greatest length of the specimen figured, twenty-one lines ; height in the centre, behind the beaks, nine and a half lines ; thickness, nine lines. Seven specimens were collected, some of which are a good deal distorted. A curious little Trigonia of the Scaphoid group, easily recognized by its very peculiar sculpture. The only species with which it might be confounded is the Trigonia Vau of Sharpe * fi-om Secondary and probably Jurassic rocks in South Africa. The shape of these two -r St' ^ I', t * " Tran8action8 of the Geological Society of London." Second Sorics. Vol, VII., page 1!)4, Plate XXII., fig. 5. -i-B > 70 foHHi\H ;«lmoHt idi'iilirnl, Itut the Hculpture of each \h very distinct. In Tri(jont I Vau. the ril»s at the anterior end incline obliquely downwanln before they change their coiirKo ; in T. diversicostata their general direc- tion is t'ither longitudinal or upwards, but the most striking difl'erence in in the ma. Kings on the posterior arr a of flu- t^vo shells. In 71 direrni costatii 'liat region is boldly and longiUidinaliy riblied ; in T. FrtM it ii* | transve.'sely striated and "divided into t •'o parts by a nlight longitu- linal ridge." Trioo.ma. (S]' undt.) t Plate X., fi^re 2, 2a. Shell compressed, elongate, -ubtiapraitoim, narv'nw; : bchi id ; anterioi' end verj' short posterior pioduced ; Icn/sth much greaiei' than the height. Beaks small, anterior, subterniiiuil slightly rt;t!" \h1, not much elevated above the supei-ior boixler. L.iniile luue ; rosterior areii, tlattened latei- aily, witlr a rounded margin, made up oi two elongately subtrianguhir | i^paces, oiio on each side of the hing'- line ; ligament external, short, thick, proniiiientand ti-ansversely striated. Hinge line straight, sloping gently dovviivrnixls; posterior end obliquely subtruncate. Anterior end almost sti'aight, but curved a little outvifrds; antero-ventral mai'gin broadly rounded ; base line convex in the TniJdle, straighter, and curving much more gradually upwards behind. Out of nine specimens on which tiio test is partly preserved and a number of imperfect casts, none shew the true characters of the whole of the ^^urface ornamentation. The original of tig. 2, on Plate X., gives the dearest idea of the normal shape of the -hell, besides showing the sculp- ture of the beaks and posterior area. Fig. 2a, on the same Plate, is a | representation of the most perfect of four distorted individuals which have been compressed laterally, and whose exterior is either worn, ex foliated, or pai'tly covered by the tenacious matrix. The only informa- 1 tion afforded as to the sculpture of the main body of the shell, is that supplied by the four last mentioned examples. In these there appear to be about thirteen or fourteen obliquely transverse, concavel^, curved rows of separate raised tubercles. The whole of the rows commence at the outer edge of the posterior area, and they all run obliquely down- wards and forwai'ds. Rather more than half terminate at the anterior margin, but just before reaching it they each tuin abruptly upwards. The uj-iward bend at the fi-ont mart;in consists only of a change of direction of the last tubercle, and there is a solitary intervening one, at n k\v 111 ; antoi'ior this end, Iwtwecn onoh of the two row^. The rest of the rows cnrve obliquely tn>m the posterior area to the ventral border. One Hpecimen shewH very coarse ant^ concentric raiseliind ; anterior end obliquely Hiibtnincate belowj the beakH, narrowest towiii-dM the baMe; poKteri(»r extremity beakH terminal, obtiicte. The test liai)i)enH to be removed from the hin^J area, and on the cast the Mi{)orior boiiler of both vaIvch in obtiiHclYl carinate, each kool having a coneave groove along itH inner face. Those carinx' and grooves extend the whole length of the binge, audi define an elongated, lanceolate, eHcutchuon-like dcpreaHion. Surface marked by done sot, and regular, rained, concentric HtriationJ EHtimated length of the moHt perfect example, about three incheH audi twolinoH; actual height, in the middle, one inch and two lineH; maxij mum convexity, one inch and four linoH. There are two sijecimons of this species, one of which has most of thel thin test preserved on the lefl valve, though not on the right, while thel beaks and a small piece of the |)osterior end are broken off. The othorl consists only of the anterior half of a cast of both valves, with a voryj small fragment of the test attached; but this specimen shows the shapel and position of the beaks. The muscular and pallial impressions are iioti visible in either. In Modiola major of Gabb,* the beaks are not terminal, and the surfacel is marked by coarse, distant and irregular lines of growth, but thel general shape of that shell is otherwise very like that of the present! fossil. Although probably new to science, the two mutilated specimeiisl yet obtained are insufficient to show the full characters of the sijecies, If the generic name Volsella of Scopoli is, as some writers assert, exactljl synonymous with Modiola, Lamarck, the former name has long priority, The point being still somewhat doubtful, it bus been thought best tul retain a name sanctioned by long usage. /kr^^ AUCELLA MOSQUENSIS ? Vou Buch. Plate X., fig8. 3, 3a. ■r For the synonymy of European) examples of this species, see Eiohwald's " Lethial Rossica," Vol. II., pp. 519, 520. Probably - Aucella Piochii Gabb. " Palseontology of California," Vol. 1., page 18"| Plate XXV., fig. 173, and Vol. II., pages 194 and 247, Plate XXXII, figs. 92, a. b. c. Shell moderately convex, obliquely obovate, narrowest in the umbonal region. Anterii-r side very short, somewhat truncated; posterior 8ide| ■ FalfeonUiiugy of Califomui," Vol. XI., p»^t 191 Plat« XXXI., fig. S8 75 iwald's " Lethsal iiiiich longer, itH murjiriii ruth- iintiwly fOundtMl ; l>ll^u i)i*oailiy roiiriilo*!, most |ii-o jcL*t i rig in the mid'Hv. Hingf iMX-der, livliind the beukH, ultnoHt •itiuight arnl horizontal: hinge urea HattonutI ut n right angle to the HidoH of the valves, or n little concave. There in no detined eHcuteheon, although the heakw are suhcarinate hehind, in conHeqiieneo of the diH- tortion which the specimen has undergone. Lii^aniont external, large and prominent, extending aloiiy mo«t of the length of the hinge line. lieaks largo, anterior, terminal, curved inwards and fon»ards. At the anteri«)r end, immediately under the Ixiaks, there is a deep intleotion of the margin of each valve, and an «)vutely cordate sinus is thus formed hy the junction of two sunken auricles, as represented at Plate X., fig. 3a. The inflection is pi-obahly of the nature of a byssal emargination, though no actual opening can be detectetl between the valves at this point. The inner faces of the sinus are perpendicular, and the auricles iire flattened at a right angle to the sides of the shell. Surface of the test concentrically costate ; the ribs rather fine, and narrower than the grooves between them. Greatest length, about two inches; height, in the middle, one inch and nine I'nes; maximum convexity, eleven lines. The greatest diameter of the only specimen is in the direction of a lino di-awn obliquelj' from the beaks to the posterior end of the base. The shell is preserved on the whole of the right valve, and on part of the left. The sculpture is not very well shown, but there are no traces of any radiating striie. The above description is intended to apply exclusively to the curi- ously distorted fossil represented on Plate X. In this specimen, (the only one collected) the general direction of the compression appears to have been lateral, but also a little oblique, so that the valves have been partially displaced. The beak of the right valve, accoi-dingly, projects somewhat l)eyond that of the left, and the left valve is quite as flat, if not flatter, than the right. It is scarcely necessary to add, that in the normal state the left valve is much the most convex of the two, and that its beak ovei-hangs that of the right. The elongated shapG of the sintts under the beaks, and the blunt ridges behind them, are also obviously due to the compression just described. In 18'75, Mr. G. M. Dawson collected about fifiy op sixty well pre' served casts of an Aucella, which is undoubtedly the A. Piochii of Gabb, at Tatlyaco Lake,* in British Columbia. A careful study of these * Tatly»eo Lake is on the east branch of the Momathtu River, which emptie* into But* Inlet. In »omo mapi it is epelt Tatlahco or Tatlayoco. • foiiitilH han M to (h<> following i<)ncliiNii>i«. -Im, ihut lli« diHtortwl AueeUa from tho ijiiticn Charlotte ImIiiihIm, ulun Itelon^N to Mr. (rnbh'n ■pQcioH, ami Hocondly. that Awfllu Pturhii ilMi-lf Ik in i^t prohahly con- spflcifir with tli«> Kiiropeari .,1. Ahsquensis. that in. it KichwaM'tt Myno- nymy i^ to bt* tniNteii. Tho writer han not arces-* to tho volume of L«onharcl ami Brown's " Neup» Yahrhiich," in which A. .\fon«pond with the Acicula Fincheriana, i\n ti^tncd and characterised in tho '• Palii'ontolo^y of Russia," which latter isliell is admitted to bo the Hameo^ A. Moaquensis. According to M.r. Guhh, Aucella Piochii in "very charactoriHtic ot a serioH of nlialeH of the Shasta Group, found from Mount Diablo, at various points along the oast facj* of tho Coast Hange, to tho north end of the Sacramento Valley. Two or three good Hpocimen» from Washington Territory, oast of Pugot Sound, were presented by Mr. Samuel Hubbard to the California Acaden/y of Natural Sciences. Fn Colusa County, east of Clear Lake, I found this shell forming almost the entire bulk of some bods, intorstratitied with the white limestones.' At Tatlyaco Lake the rock is also largely made up of casts of this spocios, apparently- to tho exclusion of every other fossil ; in the Queen Charlotte Islands it seems very rare. In ^fr. Eichai-dson's 1872 col- lections from Vancouver Island, there are two specimens of A. Piochii labelled " from loose pieces near Victoria," and Mr. G. M. Dawson has recently found another example in a boulder on the same island. Aucella Mosquensis has been recorded from many localities in tho northern part of the Russian Empire, and, according to Nordenskiold,^ it occurs also at Spitzbergen, It appears to have been n gregarious moUusk, and is often met with in considerabl'.* numbers. Eichwald states that on the margins of tho River Janza, in tho city of Moscow, there are banks of shells composed almost entirely of this species. Its exact geological horizon has been the subject of much discussion, and is still doubtful. In the " Geology of Russia," (1845) D'Orbigny says that it is characteristic of the " Atago Oxfordien." Eichwald, in the " Bul- letin de la Soci6t6 Imp6riale des Naturalistes de Moscou for 1861 and 1862," and later in the " Lethea Rossica, 186T," Vol. II., page 520, places it in the Upper and Lower Neocomian. Writing in 1864 and • " Sketch of the Oeolo^ of Spitzbergen." Bv A. E' Nordenikiotd, Translated from the "Tr»ntactiuDg * of the RojTkl Swediah Academy of Sclencea, Stockholm, 1807." w th« "TraniMtiu&t jflfiS, Trautschold* clainjH that A, Mosqueims ib a JiiraHtic foHHil, pon- noHnibly of lilt' horizon of thu Kimitu«riii^«^ clay, though in a pu|K!r eiititlcU •'Die .Si'hi»Mi«liiii« ZwiHohon Juni iinil Kroiiic in Ilu(«rtlaiiil,"|- l. XLVIII., pag* 160. t Idem., Vol, XLVIII., jMges 373-80. !l " Uthea Russica," Vol. U., page 628. II " Geology of California," Vol. I., pages 479-80. If the 8upp<>8itioi) that Auceila Piochii is merely a spionym of A. ATosquensia Bhould prove to be well founded, the species has a very wide geog:*aphioal distribution, and a somewhat extended range in time. A. Errinytoni may also be only another variety of this protean shell. Ui ' 1 n I Meleaqrina amyodaloidea, (N. Sp.) Plate X., fig. 4. Shell inequivalved, left valve moderately convex, the right slightly flatter; outline broadly' elliptic-oval ; height about one-third greater than the length. Beaks rather small, curved forwards and downwai-ds, pi iced a little in advance of the centre of the valves. E.scutcheon linear lanceo- late, subcarinate at the margin, filled up, except at the extreme ends, by the thick ligament which projects above it in the centre. Hinge border wingless, convex near the beaks, then sloping obliquely and rapidly dawnwai-ds. The posterior margin is broken, but it appears to have been straight, and it forms a subangular junction with the hinge line above. Anterior margin descending obliquely and widening outwanis in a shal- lowly concave curve which extends from the beaks to a point opposite to the termination of the hinge line behind ; very slightly convex in the middle. The base, together with a small portion of the lower part of the two sides, has almost exactl)'^ the shape of the widest end of a broad ovoid. The surface of the test, which is very imperfectly preserved, appeal's to be marked with faint, distant and rather irregular concentric striae, or plications. Height, two inches and six lines ; length, one inch and nine lines ; thickness, allowing for a part of the shell which is wanting on one valve, one inch. A single specimen, with the posterior margin broken, but which shows the large external ligament, and the tost composed of an outer, fibro-prismatic layer, and an inner nacreous lining ; a combination of characters almost peculiar to the Aviculinse. On the whole, this wingless Avicula is probably a rather aberrant species of the Lamarckian genus Meleagrina, but it may prove to be the type of a new sub-section. It is true that the shortness of the hinge suggests affinities with Pseudoptera, as recently re-defined by Meek,* but '"Report on the Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertlarjr FoHlla of the Upper Mitsouri Countrr.' WMhington: 1870. Page 29. 79 • Itho shape of the present shell \h not so oblique, ami its valves are not bo (leiide-genu8. M- amygdaloideal Hcemti conge»eric with a foBnil from the CretaceouH I rocks of Vancouver Island, described by Mr. Gabb * as Meleaijrina j itntu/ua. The differences between the two species are, however, tolerably clear. In M. antiqua, the height is not much greater than the length, the beaks are terminal, and the hinge line is straight and almost horizontal. In M. nmygdiiloidea, the height greatly exceeds the length, tiie beaks are sub-central, and the hinge margin is convex and very ol)lique. Inoceramus concentricus, Parkinson. / Inoctramus concentricus, Sowt-rby. " Mineral Conchology," Vol. III., page 183, Plate CCCV. InoceramuB concentricus, Goldfuss. " Petrefactse Germanii'ft'," Vol, II., Plate CIX. ftg8. 8a— c, but not d and t. Inoceramus concentricus, D'Orbigny. " Paleontologie Franvaise, Terrains Cretaces," Vol. III., page 506, Plate CCCCIV. Inoceramus concentricus, Pictet. " Traite de Paleontologie," Atlas, P!ate LXXXII., fig. 18. Twenty- five specimens of an Inoceramus, apparently referable to a single species, were collected by Mr. Eichardson at three localities. Twelve are from the lower shales of Maud and Lina Islands ; five from rocks of the same horizon on the shores of a small bay south of Christie Bay ; and eight from the upper shales on Graham Island, about three miles to the north-east of the village of Cowgitz. They are the only fossils procured from the two last-mentioned localities, which are indi- cated on the map by the letter F. Eight of the examjjles from Maud and Lina Islands are sufficiently perfect and undistorted to enable them to be identified with some certainty as the Inoceramus concentricxis of European authors. Although nothing more than tolerably perfect casts, the obovate outline, the c6n- vexity of the left valve, with its prominent and semi-spiral beak, and the flatter and smaller right valve, so characteristic of /. concentricut, are very clearly shown. These undistorted fossils vary both in shape and sculpture; oblique specimens, which are regularly costato, might have served for the originals of Goldfuss' figures; while others, again, with a more nearly equilateral contour and irregular concentric stria- tion, correspond better with the illustrations of D'Oi oigny arid Pictet. I ■iJ * " Palftiontology of California." Vol. II., [tence 192, Plate XXXI., tig. 89. •). I .« 80 Four of the Inocerami from Maftd and Lina Irilando, and all from the other localities, are either so imperfect or so much cnished out of shapt that it is impossible to determine satisfactorily to what species they belong; still, as stated above, it is most probable that they are all /. concent rictis. L concentricus is abundant in the Cretaceous rocks of many localities in Europe. It is most characteristic of the Gault, but is found also i» the Upper Greensand. It has not yet been recorded as occurrinj^ on the mainland of North America. The species was tirst described by Parkinson in Vol. V. of the First Series of the "Transactions of the Geological Society of London, 1820," but a reference to the original description is purposely omitted above, because the writer has not had the opportunity of consulting it. hi' 1 i '\'M ^^ A Melxna mytii-oides (?) (Lamarck. Sp.) Perna mytiloides, (?) Lamarck, " Animaux sans Vertebres." S*'cond Edition. Vol. VII., page 79. Perna mytiloides, (?) Damon. " Supplement to the Geology of Weymouth and the Island of Portland," Plate II., fig. 5. Perna mytiloides, (?) Phillips. " Geology of Oxford and the Valley of the Thames," Plate XV,, fig. 5. Fio, 8, Pio. 8.— A, B, C, D.— Outlines of four specimens of Jfelina mytiloides (?), about one- third of the natural size. The original of fig. A, though little more than half grown, is the only one in which the hinge and beaks are perfect ; in fig. C, the lower half of the shell is entire ; the other two are partly restored from the lines of growth. Shell nearly equivalved, compressed, thickest near the anterior margin; general outline elliptic-ovate, obliquely truncate above; heigh much V 'ifcsl-' 1^ groatiT than the loiflrth. The shape varies in tliflfercnt individiialH, and the variation of the rontour can he hof*t expressed by ft separate description Bf eaeh part. Tiio iiiiige lino is iisuaiiy stiaigiit and ohiifjne, hut the amount of (iMiqiiily is greater in home specimens than in otliers. In tig. A. the maximum of oldiquity is reached ; in figs. C and D, tlio liingo lino is more nearly horizontal; ami in tig. B, it was prohahly a little convex. There are hetween ten and twelve cartilage pits in the hinge, and these sometimes, though not always, are narrowest at the posterior end. The beaks are slender, elongalcd and terminal; they are unequal in size and of a ditt'ei-ent shape, but both project considerably beyond the anterior margin. As viewed frftni above, tlie beak of the right valve curves decidedly outwards from ihf Jiingc line at a short distance from the apex, and then turns rather suddenly inwards and almost backwards. The beak of the left valve is straight, and points forwards, the extreme tip being bent slightly downwards. The anterior margin is usually shal lowly concave from the beaks to about the middle, so that the two sides of the upper half of the shell are almost exactly parallel. In some specimens, the concavity of the margin in the region of the byssal opening does not quite extend to the middle. Beneath the centre the anterior border generally w^idens a little, and becomes gently convex, hut occasionally it is almost straight. The front margin, as a whole, has the shape of a sigmoid curve, but this is sometimes almost straightened out. In some examples, the shell is as wide or wider below than above ; in others it is nai-rowest below. The byssal orifice is well shown in two or three instances. Below the beaks, in front, the edge of the loft vaK ^irojects slightly beyond that of the right, and between both there is a long but ver}- narrow opening. The shape qf the posterior margin is very vaiiable in different specimens. Iti some it is almost stiaigii. and perpendicular; in others, it is rather oblique above the middle, and gi-adually widens and becomes decidedly convex below; but in every case it forms an angular junction with the hinge line alx)ve The base is either evenly and nai-rowly rounded, or else it is produced and somewhat pointed in front of the middle. The surface is marked apparently by irregular and, for the most part distant, concentric stria^, but the test is exfoliated in all but a single specimen, and on this there is only a small portion of the outer layer preserved. 82 ! ■ m . :■■; ,:, : ^^• TIfiliflil of tilt' hiVfU'A example (Hg. B), about live imlies from hinge Uj base; npproximnte lctif,'tli of ditt.., two indies iind seven lines; tiiielc ness tlii-oiigh tlie valves, one inch und four lines. Ten specimens were <-ollecteil. some of which are very imperfect. It has been thou^lit desinible to give Hgures and u description of these fossils, for although the writer has failed to lind a single character by which they can be satisl'actorily distinguished from the Perna mytiloides as tigureJ by Mr. Damon and the late Professor Phillips, ho is by no means convinced tliat tliey belong to that species. The Lamarckian definition off*, mytiloides (-'P. Iestaovato-oblong4, depress^, basiacHtd; canline obliqua) is altogether insufficient h)r the discrimi- nation of closely related forms. The generic name Melina of Ret/.ius has jti-iorily over Perna, Bru- guiere. ^ ^ Syncyclonkma Meekiana. (N. sp.) Fig. 9. Fio. 9.— SvNrvci.oNKMA Mekkiana.- Outline of an immature hut nearly perfect ex- ample, with a portidH of the test of another specimen magnified t-o show the details of the sculpture The engraver has not made the tuhercles which result from the crossing of the rihs sufficiently distinct. Shell small, compi-essed. thin ; suljovate when half grown, but nearly orbicular when adult ; ol'ten triangular above the middle. The ears are imperfect in all the s]tecimens ; hut in the upper val^e they appear to have been liorizontal above and almost vertical at the sides; those of the lower valve are unjiiiown. The surface of the main body of the shell is marked by very numerous ^ fine and closely-arranged, rounded concentric ribs, which are crossed by exactly simi'ai" radiatin"- costa'. The points at which the radiating ribs pass over the concentric ones ai'e marked by small rounded elevations oi- tubei'cles. which give a nodoso apjiearance to the sculpture, but which are too small to be visible to the naked eye. The wood-cut does not give a very good idea of these, Sculpture of the ears unknown. /^{if^ ^yC^)" " " " " ^ -^^c*^— Out of aJwut twenty specimens of this little Pecten, only one mIiows the peculiar nodosely-cancellate sculpture which forms one of the I'CHt distinctive characters of the species; the rest are all exfoliated. At first siiijht S. Meekiana might easily be confounded with the Pecten Rjtjoznicensis of Zittel,* bnt a closer comparison, will show important differences in the sculpture of the two shells, in P. Ro(joznicensis the relatively coarse radiating ribs cut through the finer and more d»'licate concentric costas and accordingly there are no tubercles or swellings at the point of contact. ^ The surface markings of Pecten nodoso-cnncellata Eichwald, f as the name suggests, are still more like those of »S. Meekiona, but the narrowly spathulate shaj^e of the Eussian shell will at once enable it to be recognized. The species is dedicated to Mr. F. B. Meek, of Washington, one of the most industrious a)id accurate of American pahcontologists, and the author of the sub-genus to which it belongs. f OstkjEA. (Sp. undt.) Three single valves of a species of Ostrcea. two of which are so much exfoliated that they only show the general outline of the shell, which is what w^ould genei-ally be called long and narrow, but the elongation is in the direction of the height, which is nearly twice the length. Their contour, too, is irregular, being somewhat dilated below the middle. The third specimen is broadly sub-triangular, the narrowest part being near the beaks ; the test is very thick. The characters of the three collectively, are rather like those of the O&tra'a Leymeni of Deshayes, a French Upper Neocomian fossil. BRACHIOPODA. ^ Terebbatula ^ ?) (Sp. undt.) ri^^^r ^ ^^^^' Shell subovate or suborbicular, usually a little pointed both above and below. In the adult the length is greater than the width, but in half- grown individuals the opposite is the case Pedicelled or neural valve without any definite urabonal ridge, but convex in the middle, and }n. * " Die FauPtt der Aelteren C'ephalopodei; Fuehrenden Tithonbilduiigeii," page 241, Plate XXXVI., npi. 23, a, b. t " liCthea Kossica," Vol. II., iiapre 445. Atlas, Plate XX., flga. 11, a, b ' / a ohliqnoly comprosscfl nt the sides ; ln-nchinl or hrrmal vnlvc mtu'li the flattest of tlio two. The lu'iilcs arc |mrtly broUi'ii in each >iM'cimen, Imt the foraint'M was undoiibtcilly hxris;v : Uw sizu and sliaj»o of the deltidium cannot be ascertained. Front of the valves almost straiglit, or, ut any rate, not distinctly sinuous. Tlie test is exfoliated in every case, but there is clear evidence that the surface was marked with rather distatil concentric stria-, and in one specimen at least witli tine r.nd close sot riwliuting lines. Tiie punctate character of the shell is also plainly visible with a lens. Lengtii of the largest example, two inches and two linos; width, twenty-three lines; maximum convexity twelve and a half lines. Tlio species is rcpioscnted by three broken and badly preserved specimens, which have voiy much the asjjcct t)f T. depressa , Lamarck, and T. subdepressa, Stoliozka, as reprc.s;))itiHl in the '' Paheontologia Indica,"* but they are too impertect to be identified with much cer- tainty. Terkbratula (?) (>Sp. Undt.) A small specimen of possibly another species of Terebratula, but in very bad condition, and partly buried in the matrix. It has a more convex hcemal valve than the shell last described, and a much smaller foramen. ANTHOZOA. The only coral collected is so much water worn that its generic position is doubtful. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Nautilus, Sp. Undt. (Pages 14-19.) The remarks under this heading were written in 1875, before tiie publication of the " Report on the Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary Fosi ils of tlie Upi)er Missouri Country.'' In that very useful work, Mr. Meek expresses an opinion that tlie Nauliltis elegans of Sharpe is probably identii'al with N. ehf/afu of Sowerby, but that N. elegant, D'Orbigny, is perhaps distinct. With I'H due deference to Mr. Meek's judgment, the writer_can scarcely see his way clear to accept the first of these conclusions. Sharpe's description and figures of J\'. elegans do not accord at all well with those of the type in the " Mineral Conchology," yet no reasons are given to account for a discrepancy which, it is tliought, must have been obvious if the two forms Lad been compared directly. • \ ol. IV. pp Ifl, 17. Plate 11., aiul Plate III., figs. 1-8, H5 Tbt! Hiifiii iHlnml IohmII iiKn-cH uiimiMt i-xiu-tly with Mi-«'k'it tlia^'iioHiM uf tli<- Anifricnn filH.'ll ligiiU'd UN A'. •7«_'/./;ir, Init th<; furiniT in ratlit r lli<> niiixl etiiniircHHcd of tlu- twii. AcT.Kq,!C, Sp. iindt. (Pngc 53.) Six hpiHliiiL-ns were d''WTilKd under tliis nnmo, whirh probubly btlonvr to two spccicH. pt'ihaps t-ven to ditl'iTciit k'"'1hiii. Two of tiiotic iiavi; u narrowly cylindrical shape like that of Aclumi atUniiaiu, Meek, • the others n swollen hcxly whorl and a very wliiirt spire, nillrh as in P.'er|iendieulnr sides, separatcul by {grooves of nearly etiual width, Iwth of which are crossed by fine, transverse, raised striie. liiinjuifula rnrin, (Jabb, J from the Chico (ironp of Cow Creek, Shasta ('ounty, ('alifornia, has exactly the s;ime surface markings, Itut it has a more elongated sjiire than the present species, and Las five or six whorlu instead of three. KURATA. I'age 7, line 12 from the bottom. For " rari'hi" reaeem»." Page 2-1, lin<' G from the top. For <'I'lat<: ni„Ji Upper and a Lower series. It is by no means certain that the rpjjor Tithonic stiata are exactly synchro- nous with the J'inglish Purlncks, !)iit it is tolerably clear (hat the former represent the extreme top of tlm Jurassic Series as understood by Euro])ean jL!,eologists. The Upper Tithonic de])osits are beds of passage between the Jurassic and Cretaceous, and contain a small percentage of nuirino tossils which i)ass ui)ward8 into the Lower ^^eocoinian. Aucelln Eiriivjtoni, from the auriferous and pi'esumably Jurassic slates of the Sierra Nevaila, may be identical with the .1. Piorkli nf the Shasta GrouiJ of California, but, with thi.s exct^ption, no fcssil is known to be common to the Jurassic and Cj'ctaceous formations in America. A diH'eront classification of the Cretaceous rocks is adopted in two of the most popular and recent hand-books of geology. Pi'ofessors Jukes and Ceikie* recognize only an Upper anil a Lower Cretaceous group, and place the Wcaklen at the base of the lattei'. In the second edition of Prof. Dana's "Manual of Ceology," dated 1S74, the ]>eriod is divided into Upper, Middle and Lower Cretaceous, while the Wealdon is regai'ded as a separate ej)och. beloiiging to the uppei' part of the Jurassic. As Prof. Dana's manual is universally used in America, it Avill be more convenient to adopt his arrangement. * " The Stiiilent's SIttimaJ of GcoIog.\ .' By J. Beate Jukes, MA., F.R.S. Thiixl Edition. EditeU by Archibald O'eikie, F.K.B. EUiulurgh : la72. Il .•'lioiild \>ii pruiuih(Ml, uIhu, ihtit un opinion i^ gaining groiiiitl thai Ise'limi'iitary lugieaI or'ler : — Oephulopodii Giistcropodtt Total No. o( S]X)flusi. l'Mreco({lll- zuhlu. New. I'revioUKly ilutii'ribvd. 14 i; 22 »> 1 45 3 4 12 2 1 22 H 2 7 17 a ■A Lainclinnuachmta . . . Brai'liiopoda Aiithossoii / Including the shells raferrod doubtfully to Scularia Albensis and Meliud inijtiloides, twenty-two of the above are represented by such iui|)ertoct s])ecimens that the species, and in some cases even the genera, cannot be determined with any preci>iion. A tew are probably new to science, but, thoy are not in a satisfactory condition tor descrip- tion. Of the remainder, seventeen are now described and Hgured for the tirst time, while six belong to forms which have been named and ciiaractei'ized by other writers. Jt has already been stated that these iii\ertel)rate> present "an appa- rent mi.vture of Oolitic and (-retaceous types," anil thi* opinion is based ii|io]i the lollowiiig facts : — five of the new speeies, and three of the doubtful tonus, bear a suggestive, but, at the same time, v)nly a ver\ general resemblance to Kiiropean Oolitic fossils, which may be thus expressed : • See Prof. J. Youny's Address before the Geolojjlcal Seetiorr of the British Association for the AdvanCw luviit ut Sttiunce, at Gla?i,'ow, li7ti. %-i M yiir<'ri I'hirliitte IslaiMla. A"iinonitcii Itii'lmrdhoiiii .... A >Kid<'KiiU'iiKi'< A A.CiirlottinniH A. I.opinianiiH fi)i'iiiit A. fi II. . .. I'Mvudonii'luiiiii (?; Sji. L'liilt. . . . Ait-coniim (?) S|).*l'iiilt. Ph'uroniyu CurlottciiNiH . Mvlhm niytiloidvH? I'Hiu. Sp. AiMihiiilM li> Kurii|i««n ty|«' N wiirdN into tin- C'rctiiccoiiH, but tliiH nIicII may III' II I'iknopu'u. Very doulitfully rolcrrt'd to tliiH Tithonif iind M Idli Oolite NpecicH. Quite liltely IkiIIi diniinct iiml new. ' Furllit'i', u compiirismi of Mr. Kiflumlsuirrt «'<)lloi"ti<»ii with tlu' t\)t*i*i\s of the Tithoiiic tbniiution of tlic C'lirputliiiiiis, S<»iithorii Alps and CViitral Apoiiiiiiios, lis iM(Hioi:;i'!ii)lic(l by Zittcl, rovouls other, !iiid [)urhiq)s I'hiM'r C'ono.sj)(Hi(loiit'('s, Mifh !is (ho followinj; : — f^uccn tharlultu laluiids. Kuro|H;aii 'J'ithunlc. K.'Utilus. Si). Uiidt Niuitilus asper, Oppel. Oppclia Wmigoni, Zittcl. Ammonites Orotcanus, Oppel. Lytocoias quadriHulcatum, D'Orb. " Lit'bigi, Oiipcl. AHpidoccras tyclotum, Oppel, young. Pectin Uogozniccnsis, Zittel, A mnunites Pcri. ■;4iunu8 «' Uicluirdsonii " lilit'inctus " crenocostatus " Hp. (Nr. A. simplus Syncyeloneiua MuelviHUii. ...... D'Orb.)... i <■ Aucella Pinrhii. (tal»l>, is proltal)!}- the same us \\\GAuteUa Mosquensis of Voii Biich, aiitl the latter sliell is either of Middle or I'pjier Oolitic age ia Eiuoi»o, hin in Ainciieu A. Piochii is said to Ije one of the most characteristic Lower Cretaceous lossils. ^ On the other hand, what little direct and positive evidence is at present jtfforded by the fossils from the Queen Charlotle Islands is in lavotir of their being referred to the Cretaceous period. Six of the species from this icgion, whose names arc given below, have been previously described from other localities and by ditferent writera, I .. .>«>m« nf tlio nu'iuIuM's ,»(• llii> .Slin>la \> of IpiM-r Titlioiiic n>;i', wliii-h i> |iv III* iiH-itiiN iiii|ii-<>lml)li>. ifutmn CliaiUitte lilaiidi. UriKliml Liicallllw mnl llurU'iiii, (limit of Swit/.i'riiiiiil liiiiilt of KiikIhikI. AiMiiioiiitcH TinnthrniiiiH, Mnvor IniH e(ieM of fonsils are (oniniun In tlie Queen flmrlotte Islands nixi U» llie •'ShaMla (iroiip " (tf C^aliforiuH, it will l»e onrioiiH to note wlietlior there are any f»thcr points of lesenibUuice between the known fiiume of tlie two localities. An aiiMlysiN of the fossils of tiie Shasta (rivtiiit, 118 eataloj,'iio(l in Vol. II. of the " PalaHmlolojry of California," ^ives the followinj.j results: — Crustacea, one species; CcphaloixxJa, nineteen; (Jnsteropoda, fifteen; Lamellibranehiata, eleven; Brachi- ojvHla, one. The proportion of Cephalopoda to Gastero|XKla in the (^ueeri Charlotte Island collection is as fourteen to six, and there are no exclusively Cretaceous geiu'ra in any of the three classes of niollusca. [n the Shasta bods there are nineteen s])ecie.s of ^'cphalopixla to fifteen of Gasteropoda, and the only exclusively Cretaceous genera or sub-genera are Crtoccras, Anisomym, Tfieti)< and Nilt/ieii.* The writer happens to have exceptionally favourable opportunities for a comparison between the invertebiiita of the Cojil-bearing rocks of the Vancouver an/,» is an older imiiie than eiUier N^-ithen or Jmiini. t >'PaliPontolog.v of California," Vol. II., pp. 208—254. 91 fia^tfrojKxhi. Stointitia. Ciniilia, Kulvr<)iui-i:i, Plftirntoma. |,:iMiflliliniiii-liiiita. AxiiiH':i. Afila, ('oiicIuh'oIo. Tlieli?. kimls of InrK't'ramiis, .,, ^ >< nil' I iniiMV Tlio mnriiio fiuiiift' of flio ('oal-lK>ariti^ s»'ri«'H of the Vain-oiivt'r and i/iieen Charlotti- Islaiul.s ap|x?nr, tln'rofoiv. to U' ciitiroly iliHi'ivnf. ami an vet not a Hin''lo si)c«-ios can Ik* satisfactorily iiniii<>ti to lN)tll. The proccdini; ohsorvations may l>o snminarizoerhaps th» best course woiUd be to regard the Queen Charlotte Island series provisional!}' as merely one of the oldest memljei's of the Shasta Group, until the organic remains of the Ijeds associated together imder that name are better understood. The Carljonaceous shales near Cowgitz contain a Unic wliicl» can scarcely be distinguished from a Wealden species, antl tiiis circumstance, though it certainly seems to tend towards the establishment of a con- nection l)ctween the Queen Charlotte Island rr)cks and the Wealden of Europe, throws no light upon the exact age of the former. The Wealden is a ]nirely local deposit, which iiy some writers is regarde ! as syn- cl)rf>nous with the Lower Necomian, and Ity others as lielonging to the M JuraHHic formiition. Vmf. Dana placeM it (the Wenidon) as a Hoparatc opoch, intcrmodiute l>otweon tlio Oolitic and CretacoouM periods, but um liaH been befor') !'enmrite fossils »how cely be much JuraMsie. V PLATE I.* , Belemnites, Sp. undt. (page 11.) ^ Figure 1. Guard of the most perfect specimen yet obtained. See also wood-cat ■_ / No. 1, ■. - ., --- ^V; ■^- " 1 a. Phragmocone of another indiridual of the same species. " 1 b. Outline of transverse section of the original of figure 1, near the apex. " 1 c. Outline of transverse section of ditto, at the anterior or thickest end. Ammonites Brewerii, Gabb (page 21.) Figure 2. Side view of the largest example collected. Normal form, with faintly striated surface. " 2 a. Outline of aperture of do. The sides are represented as too straight below, they should curve slightly inwards, from a little beneath the middle of the whorl, to its base. " 3. Side view of a specimen of the dwarfed costatc variety. " 3 a. Outline of aperture of the same. * Unless there is a distinct statement to the contrar}-, the fltrures in all the Plates ate of natural size. jji DWi'^ii'S^'* suoKJaTiT t:r 'iuoiTi>ji:u^. VOL I.PLATE i. < Iso wood-cot , with faintly too Rtraight beneath the ' natural aize. 7i AH FooTtl.a-l el lUK 2^ PLATE IT, ^ Ammonites pERE/iANrs (pnge 19.) FiK'H""' 1. Side view of the type ftpt'cinitn. " 1 (/. Outline of nprrturc of the Hnmo. The original being rather water-worn, tlie perij>lK'ry Ih rei)r<'Hente(l as too narrow, when perfect it iH rather more broiully rounded. The cmargination of the base, too, is not nearly deep enough. A.MM()NITE,S KIMCINCTUS (pilgO 43.) Figur(! a. Side view of a small but very perfect individual. << 2 a. Another representation of the same, to show the shape of the aperture and Hi]ilional edge. " 3 b. Section of do. Tlie edges of the inner walls of the whorls are obliterated. " 2 c. Portion of the test of do., magnified. " 3. A largrr specimen, partly restored. L^j.^:co*JC. wTXitrjTT r;r xui.uji-<^ MKSOZOir FOSKII^ Vi'L I 1 LATK 2 2 \ 1*'% V^-. ^**r kiJ U' 1 ii 1 1'.h f ! \ ',•;- . ■ if i ■ ■:*! PLATE III. A.MM<»NiTEs St.»liczkanii8, Gabb, var. spiniferus. (page 24.) FigUR; 1. Side view of a distorted and soinewljat immature specimen. Ammomites Timotheanus, Mayor, (page 41.) Figure 2. A Bmall but perfect example. " 2 a. Auotlier view of the i ime. Ammonites Laperousianus (page 39.) Figure ;t. The largest of the two specimens. AMMt.NiTEs, Sp. uiidt. Near A. Sim lus, D'Orb. (page 47.) Figure 4. Side view. ■' 4 a. Front do. V M.I tica'i'ki-«^^'' CTjHcnrrcrif sj~.sy&y ' .: . ! 1 1 .1 I i 1 1 \ ESOZOIC F0SSIL3 !■ ; VOL I PL.\TR 3. ■ » ^ 1 9 I ■ 'ie ' !.- I &. PLATE IV. X' ! i Ammonites STOLiczKANUSj'Gabb, var. Hpiniferus (page 24.) Figure 1. A broken but nearly adult example, drawn in such a position as to show the depth and abrupt truncation of the inner edge of part of the body whorl. - ■ \ Ammonites Loqanianus. Form A. (page 29.) Figure 2. Side view of the only specimen in the collection. " 2 a. Front afipcct of the same. :i 1 1 :c i) isJKSit^Jti sjn.xtcTunr (T>yr ^B^^r^^r^. MKSOZOIC FOSSILS VOL 1 \ 1 A""^; ♦. tion as to show e of part of the //i,. ^/^'. ..■ladf-K^i litl tV.o J. G'^t.V.rir J+, ni.T-t I < • '■?\ PLATE V. I f- f -" , I! ^f Ammonites Richardsonii (page 32.) •^19 ^ H' i Fignic 1. View of the most perfect side of the type specimen. " 2. Front of do. partly restored. •^fe: uisuou eaKJi:\njrir(i.if vw-iarijii^. MESOZOIC POFSII,.! VOL I PLATE 5 klet lith G';o J.G"I- iiarJt. inipt "V. PLATE VI. Ammonites CARt.oTTENsis (page 38.) * Side vluw of tho type of this spocios. Tho shape of the aperture is shown in wood- cut No. 6 (in page 38. m .i. tfvxb.nr.T r:r aikujr,iv. VuL I TLATF », >^ T /iW> '^'r shown in wood- [:' (i "Ni* !•',■.• I'.t), Geo .T fie">i1irtrc]t,-iirp+ ill* I t k V, ^ - t//^,.^ Ac^/^^CCy^ yid^'i-u-'/ PLATE VII. Ammonites Skidegatensis (page 34). Side view of the largest individual collected. An outline of the aperture of this specimen is given in wood-cut No. 4, on page 34. lire of this ■ r.c 1 ;!.(«)«: dci^it. sivcfii':vnr.i I % ■■ ^1 f// ^^Z" '4 'v;% Lii F. 'Old df Uit luK lJI(C'lii«>'iU(iC<>jLi SVulH-Ayn'.'. . i ^^ aVVjIuv, VOL I platf: . v%: *C¥»^ v^'^» ..,-^r:. : F'oiJ dr. U'.i iilK ' ■ •< .„ PLATE VIII. Ammonites Looanianus. Form .B. (page 30.) Figure 1. Side view, partly reBtored. " la. Front of tlie same specimen. Ammonites Loganianus. Type, (page 27.) Figure 2. Tiie most perfect side of a crushed and distorted example of this species. The wood-cut (figure 3, on page 28) showing the outline of the aperture, is drawn from another individual. f this species, utline of the mp:sozoic FOSSII.S V^i, I ILATB e / L'Jdc-U.iuti-. G'"-o T ti^'b>iaTJt,ini-pt *J ri.ATE LV. \ A^IMi'MTJH .SMIH.i1AIKN.SIS ( |Mlp- .'M. )• Fi(jiirp I. A mipiimcd yxuna iriilivi 2 a. roitimi of ilir t< Ht iif (III. inaK'iAMITK.«, S|). Illllll. (|»I»^0 4^*.) Figure 3. Tin' only spiriiiKn jtt olitaiiii'd. A.MAirRopHrS TKNI'IHTIllATA ()>ngf 4H.) Figure; 4. Dorsiil viiw <<( orio of tin' incmt jn rfcci txaniplrH. Tho two apiral whorlH aro partly rnHtorctl. i <' 4'/. Siirfurc inarkinftH of tlio wiiiio, inannifiifl. ScAi.AHiA .\i,iiKNsis ('!'!). D'Orli. f pa;,'t' r»0.) FIkiiii' .I a friiKirii lit of a kIhII which ix very iloiilptfiiily rcftrrcd to thin spiciis. It may not hi' a Sfuhiriit at ail. I'l.KCIlnTo.MAIll.V SlvlDKd.VTKN.SI.S (pagO .")!.) FiRtirc 6. Oorsal UHpfct. " 6 '/. Hasc of till' saiiii- to hIiow its Kiulptiire, alHo thi> shape and sico of the uinliilii'iiH, MaIITKsI.\ rAUINII''ER.\ (ptipfo 54.) Fipiiri> 7. Left valve • of the only Kpoiimcn, niagniticd about six timei. "^ I'l.Kl KiiMYA r.tKI.OTTENSIS (pHj^O 57.) Fi(:ure 8. Hight valve. I'lioi.AMoMYA ovri.oii'Ks (page 50.) Figure 9. Left vnlve, ("amj.sta .suhthkiona (pago (i3.) FlKuro 10. Left valve. Cam.i.sta, S|). Illllll. (page ()4.) Fif,'uro 1 1. Left valve. Li;:;. t.iffwnr*'- < r xu>»j:r.. MKSOZOir FOi-T.S'M^ V'.I. I ri.ATK • V\\f two apuul to thiB Bptcitn. and Kino of the Sr(> also wood-cut pccios. The dotted ; to show the more ler specimens. e boiht valves preeenei, .. - . ,T li-l !,.. i* 1K.1 S) P'igiirt) 1. Figiiro 2. PLATE A'. TlUdO.NIA IUVKRSICOSTATA (pagC 68 ) licft vnlvc of an average cxaini)Ii'. Tkkionia, Sp. uiidi. (page 70.) .^ [- /^-r- , ^ <.a ^..^ *^ Left valve of an undistorteii individual, with a portion of the outer surface of the test preserved. Part of the right valve is .i^5o visible. ■ " 2 rt. Left valve of a crushed and exfoliated speeiinen, Ai4ii«f.f'-i-. «.\j)K\nr;r 'T.jr crujri :t^N. MESOZCIC FOSSIL! VOL I 1 LATE 10 z AHFocrad. L-^riitl K t:":fo J (jfU,„rdt,mpt mBi ^HB : .aH^ ''flH ;. '^mHQ^^B I l^V r ft a* ' i 'I 'l5 1 »; iiri t. mMi- ^^mM. IXDKX F JUwh. n»yHtlmrv tf'ttni.u^mM. PnSablf nntmuatioH of.vMme . 1 . Lnivrr .^kti/rx with rmaf itnt/ tmii mrt . t 2 9f'mirse f^urftninemtr . . .- i . 3 f'ppw nhmlr* tim/ am/ufstajtrs . .SffRfjiertofItoffiTss^firm2 li Jhffr o7. ; .;,^.' • -^, ''*% .'_. _ ^'^ Mftkjin'iH* txu I -K^' P Slatr rhiuk M«." •"""'^. ., „.^^ - . . © J? A H A ^T ■ , ^#^ ^ ' "" -* ■ latitude od •i^-- ».^i: OhnWag^ "^S- ■ 4 BrrHtmU , k c rf -% X 3. z 1 '^ ilMihluOtr. ILon.l3;J°lH»^ '' Triangle I . ,Hrt .^■■y.-'i- \-y J 2. •SidiH- /ViiXr / '^ - '^ „... .'^ w A.^ Ml LiuitkiiHill iotfi MU'JusIiuIui m -%>ifi,;. \ 3030 • >.'c Sfiiw.Vf ■ *. r .riajii-i-.v-UiT. C MM i tymoitd f j oaauxiKiL Rinncvar caxmu . AUhsd Iir.SrlHyn.F1iiLif. Dimior. MAP Hhpwin^ HwltMnlHifnofl uwihM i w lpd fmin thr QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISUNOS. Scale. mmr.x F. AcMltr. J*nhayf roHtimu0tiom tfname 1 . Lnt^r.nkmtex wilk rmat mut mil mtr . 'A l^per»ltmlrm aitit smiufaHutft . '% ' KUilrgntc ^.!■L'ula.I-.-^a•t■ OnijTIife Ifa.lwl