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,t/^^ .^L^^^^^^ , /^. ^,
CANADIAN CHURCH
DESTITUTION.
(
EEPRINT OF THE REPORT
MADE BY THE RIGHT REV.
THE LORD BISHOP OF MONTREAL,
TO THE
RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DURHAM,
HER MA.TESTYS HIGK COMMISSIONER, &c. &•.
Dated Navembfir 20th, 1838,
UPOK THE INSUFFICIENT STATE OP THE CHURCH IN THl
PROVINCES OF
UPPER AND LOWER CANADA.
From Appendix C. Page 57.
HEXHAM :
PRINTED BY EDWARD PRUDDAH,
AND PUBLISHED FY HATCHARD & SON, 187 PICCADILLY
WHITTAKER & CO. AVE MARTA LANE, LONDON ;
AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.
(Price Sd. each ; or, 8*. per Hundred. J
U
w
AT'
TO
JOHN SOMERSET PAKINGTON, ESQ.
OF WESTWOOD PARK,
WORCESTERSHIRE,
M. P. FOR DROITWICH,
WHO NOBLY STOOD FORWARD, AS SOON AS HE WAS MADE AWARE OF THE
SPIRITUAL DESTITUTION,
OP THE
BRITISH EMIGRANTS IN THE CANADAS,
AXD CALLED THE
ATTENTION OF PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNTRY,
TO THIS MOST IMPORTANT SUBJECT
THIS REPRINT
IS DEDICATED WITH EVERT FEELING OF RESPECT AND REGARD
BY
THE EDITOR.
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REPORT.
Mardimont, near Quebec, 20th November, 1838.
MY LORD,
In obedience to the signification of your Excellency's
desire, 1 proceed to render a Report, for your information, of the state
of the Church in this Diocese, as exhibited in the Visitation, which I
completed by my return to Quebec on the 14th of the present month,
after having been absent since the 6th of August.
The number of persons professing adherence to the Church of
England in the Province of Upper Canada, is roughly stated at 150,000.
I believe it is by no means accurately known, but measures are under-
stood to be in contemplation for ascertaining it. The number of Clergy
in the exercise of their ministiy, including some whom I ordained during
my visitation, is Seventy-three. The number of Churches built, or in
progress towards their completion, is about Ninety.
These data, however, would give a very imperfect idea of the con-
<lition and the wants of the population, as it respects the means of
Spiritual instruction, or, to speak more properly, could fumixli no
grounds whatever of forming a correct estimate upon the subject. The
prodigious extent of countiy, the widely-scattered location of the inliabi-
tants, and the state of the roads in the settlements of more recent
formation, must, as will readily appear to the judgment of your Excel-
lency, be all taken into the account ; and it will be found, in point of
fact, that a lamentable projjortion of the Church of England populatif»n
are destitute of any provision for their religious wants ; another large
proportion very insnfficiently provided : and almost all the remainder
served by a Clergy who can only meet the demands made upon them by
strained efforts, which prejudice their usefulness in other points.
6
Tim object of this Rrport to your ExcelltMicy will, I prcBunio, ho
stifficiontly answered hy the n<l(hiction of som«i particular examph>s in
Hupport of what I have just said. In trav<'lling from the town of London
to Goderich, I passed thronjjfh a tract of country sixty miles in length, in
which there is not one Ch^rf^ynian or Minister of any d(>noniination. I
believe I am safe in sayinjj^, that the p'eat majority of itdiahitants, among
whom are comprehended tlu^ Laiul Company's settlers, are of the Church
of England ; and the services of some of our Missionaries, who have par-
tially visited this tract of coimtry, have hr'en thankfully received by thoso
who pass under other names. Between Wodehouse upon Lake Erie,
and St. Thomas, a distance of upwards of fifty miles, which may be
travelled by two different roads, there is not one Clergyman upon either.
From the reports made to me by one of our travelling Missionaries, and
by a solitary Catechist stationed at Port Bui*well, I know that there is a
great body of Church people scattered through this part of the countiy.
In the whole of the newly-erected district of Wellington, which is every
wliere scattered over with a Church population, there is only one Clergy-
man of the Church. In the <listrict of Newcastle there are six. I have
good reason to know, that if ten more could be immediately added,
there would be full employment tor them, with regular congregations. In
one or two of the districts there is a Missionary engaged in labours
exclusively of an itinerant character ; but how sparingly the Word and
Ordinances of God are supplied, even to those among the unprovided
settlements which are thus fai" favoured, yoiu- Excellency will have no
difficulty in conceiving. The Clergy, however, except in the few com-
paratively large towns, are almost all more or less itinerants. I take one
example almost at hazard from the returns officially made to me, to
which I could produce many parallel instances ; it is that of a Clergyman
in the Batlmrst district, a place noted at certain seasons for the excessive
badness of the roads, who performs three full services every Sunday,
distributing his labours in such a way in four different places, that once
a fortnight he travels twenty-eight, and once a fortnight sixteen miles :
besides which, he has in the winter months four weok-dtiy appointments
for Divine service. Most of the Clergy have what they call out-stations,
wliicb they serve in this manner on week-days, to supply settlements
wliich would otherwise be wholly destitute ; and many of them make
occasional visits during the year to places still more remote, These
o})jects they do not accomplish without many sacrifices, and much severe
lunio, 1)0
[tipU's in
London
jngtli, in
tion. I
), among
» Church
mvc par-
hy thoRo
ike Erie,
may be
in either.
tries, and
here is a
countiy.
is every
; Clergy-
I have
ly added,
tions. In
I hihoiirs
Vord and
iprovided
1 have no
few com-
take one
to nie, to
lergynian
excessive
Sunday,
that once
in miles :
ointments
;-stations,
ttlements
em make
These
ch severe
exertion; hut the reward wliich tlicy seek i« not in tlie praise of men,
and it is the vahie rather than th;' merit ot their services to wliich I
desire to soHcit the attention of your Excelh'ncy. I i\o not npeak here
of those hif^her effects which constitute th(! ^rouiid and ultimate object
of their ministry, hut in proportion as means an taken for the extensiou
of their inthuMice, in such proportitni, my LokI, I have no hesitation in
saying — for the effect is every when' sufHcieiitiy marked— that the loyalty,
the good order, th( -^tiMidy habits, the peaccuble and industrious (h'port-
ment of the population will be promoted, and the ties strengthened which
bhid the Colony to the Parent State. Apart, also, from any consideration
of preserving the supremacy of Britain over the Canadius, there is a sacred
duty to be performed in laying such a f<mndation for the moral and
religious character of the inhabitants in time to com(; as will best ensure
their happiness and welfare ; and it is not for me to point out to your
Excellency that it is now that this foundation must be laid. In the
young settlements now stioiggling into existence, or beginning to develop
the signs of prosperous improvement, we see the germ of a great and
important future, which must be vitally affected by the mould given to
the population in this early stage of its formation. Millions who are yet
unborn will have cause to bless or to reproach the present Government
of Britain, for the measures taken to provide for them those advantages,
and to transmit to them those habits, principles, and attachments, which
form the only sure basis of national happiness.
Ui» to this ])erio(l, although not a few people have been lost to the
Church from the want of her ministrations, and a far more extensive
defection must inevitably follow, if things are left umch longer upon
their present footing ; yet, very generally, the privations which have been
experienced in this respect have served to teach our congregations the
full value of those jjrivileges which are enjoyed at home. The impor-
tunate solicitations which I constantly receive from different quarters of
the Province for the supply of Clerical services ; the overflowing warmth
of feeling with which the Tmvelling Missionaries of the Church are
greeted in their visits to the destitute settlements ; the marks of affecli( n
and respect towiirds my o\vn office wliich I experienced throughout tie
Province ; the exertions made by the people, in a great number of in-
stances, to erect Churches even without any definite pr(8^)ect of a
minister, and the examples in which this has been done by individuals at
their own private expense ; the rapidly increasing circulation of the
• r
f
i
I \
' I
8
roligioun Newspaper, wliich is called " The Church ;" those arc nltop;ether
unequivocal and striking evidences of the attachment to Churcli principlcH
which pervades a great hody of tlie popuhition.
I wouUl here h'»g U»ave to draw the attention of your KxceUency to
the bearing of tlieso facts upon the (juestion of Nupporting the Clergy in
Canada, hy the voluntary contrihutions of the people. Here is a d.ep
■ense of the value of religious services, und a Ntrong ninnifestation of
attachment to the Clmrch. Tlie moving principle, therefore, iM not want-
ing ; and if, with this advantage, the system cannot work successfully in
Canada, it may be inferred that it cannot succeed there at all. And I
am more deeply convinced than ever that such is the fact. In the few
examples in which the ex]>eriment has been tried, it has rarely been
otherwise than a failure, and in most cases it would be ho]>elesH to attempt
it. Even if the country were far more advanced, and the people had
some command of money, I am persuaded that a faithfid, respectable,
and independent body of Clergy, sufficient for the wants even of that
part of the population who already appreciate their labotns, much more
of that whom it is their duty to win to a care for religion, can never be
provided by the operation of the voluntary system.*
Your Excellency, I doubt not, is alive to the necessity of bringing
at last to an issue tlie long-protracted questions respecting the Clergy
reserves, and putting an end to the painful and mischievous imitations
which must continue so long as those questions are left open. I shall
not presume to argue here the right of the Church of England to the ex-
clusive benefit of that property, but I should be wanting in my duty to
the Church, if I did not state my convicticm of the existence of that
right ; at the same time that I think it but fair, that the Clergy of the
Church of Scotland should look for some reasonable assistance from other
resources at the disposal of the Government. Against all idea of an
equality of footing between the two Churches, I cannot do otherwise
than earnestly and solemnly protest. If upon the manifestation of a
spirit of rivaliy in India, on the pait of the Clmrch of Scotland, instnic-
tions (of which a copy is in my possession) were sent to the (iovemor-
general, declaring the impracticability of placing the two Churches upon
a level, I conceive that the case is much stronger in favour of the Church
of England in Canada. The royal instmctions having declared that
Church alone to possess the character of an Establishment in the
Colony ; — part of these same instructions having been cited in the Act 31,
• The Public should be aware that at the original Conquest of Canada, the
^
-iiuiplcH
loncy to
IvT^y in
i a iKep
ation of
ut want-
Mfully in
And I
the few
(ly been
attempt
>ple had
lectable,
of that
ch more
never be
bringing
e Clergy
gitations
I shall
) the ex-
' duty to
e of that
y of the
om otlier
ea of an
>therwise
tion of a
, instnic-
tovemor-
hos upon
^ Church
ired that
t in the
3 Act 31,
lada, the
1
9
Geo. iii. c. 31, by which the Clprgy Ro« -rves are set apart, and t)in en-
dowment of the Church provided for "according to the EHtahlislnnent of
tlie ('hurch of England ;" — this Act having be«Mi iinniediatcly followed
up by the erection of the see of Quebec, and the conHtituti<m of tho
Cuimdas as a diocese in the same coi\nection with the arcliiepiscopnl sen
of Canterbury an any diocese within the province of Canterbury in
England ; — tln^ subsequent Acts of the Government in the establishment
of a Cathedral at Quebec, the formation oi' certain {)arisbes of the C'hurch
of England, the division of the diocese into archdeaconries, and tho
creation of coi porations, consisting of the Church Clergy for the man-
agement of the reserves, having all been in harmony with the original
puq)ose of the Crown, as stated above : I submit to the judgment of your
Excellency, whether the guardians of the interests of the Church of Eng-
land, in Canada, can conscientiously do otherwise than oppose themselves,
by eveiy means in their ])ower, to an abaridonment of her pec-uliar
claims, — claims it is to be observed, of which the maintenance involves
no burthen imposed for l:er benefit upon the members of other religious
bodies, and no interference in any shape whatever with any but her own
people. A declaration on the part of Government of the privileges
assigned irrevocably to tho Church of England, and an extension, at tho
Roman Church was liberally tolerated, and left in possession of very considerable
property. At the same tiine it was distinctly understood in the Hritish Parlia-
ment that the Establishment was to be the National Church of the Empire.
By subsequent Acts a considerable portion of Wild Land in each fuiure
Township was reserved, for the simport and maintenance of this future Barrier
against Romanism and Irreligion. These Reserves, if they had been gradually and
properly applied, woiild have entirely precluded the possibility of the present
Spiritual Destitution in the Provinces, by securing the growth of the National
Church, in dr j proportion to the increase of the population, and would thus have
afforded to the Protestant Colonists a Spiritual influence to counterbalance the
advantages conceded to Rome, and have been a barrier for all minor christian distinc-
tions against the domineering aggressions of that w^U endowed Hierarchy, whose
reserved to the Crown ; probably with a view to facilitate improvements, and to
afford encouragement in the Colony, without expense to the Mother State, or
distress to an infant and poor population, in providing schools, teachers, &c. for
themselves, at their own cost.
It was therefore wholly tmnecessary, and as impolitic as unnecessary, (con-
sidering the indulgences granted to Romanism) to excite a contest between the
Protestant Churches of the Empire, regarding the Church Reserve ; or to rob
and weaken the main bulwark, in order to provide for other parts of "the Chris-
tian Defences ;" since these Crown Reserves afforded ample means of accomplishi''g
the object, unless (as is not obscurely hinted at in the History of MassachustiCS
Bay, to which Sir R. Peel compares another Bill) the covert object sought to be
obtained by the conflict, was, to render both, aiuie inefficient for the actual, and
annually incroDsing, SpiRi'ru.M. Duties of a Church, amongst a poor and
widely dispersed Population, and ultimately to reduce both, under The Domi-
nation OF the R.03IAN See, a system more consonant to Despotic rule than
either of the British Churciies. (See Ezekiel xvii. 22.-24.
10
i:
n
?f!
same time, of such just advantages to the Church of Scotland, as are
compatible with the retention of those privileges by our own Establish-
ment, would, in my humble judgment, be infinitely better calculated to
heal the religious dissensions of the Colony than any temporizing course
of policy, or any timid evasion of a question, which must at last be met
in the face.
I cannot forbear, my Lord from introducing some mention in this
Report of the labours of our Clergy among the native India' 3. There
are two Clergymen stationed among the Six Nations on the Grand
River, one at the Mohawk Village, and the other at Tuscarora. A
Missionary has been sent to the Manitoulin Islands, and another to the
Sault St. Marie, at the upper extremity of Lake Huron. These four
are engaged exclusively in the charge of Indians. There are two other
Clergymen, who combine this charge with that of congregations of
whites ; one in the Bay of Quint^, where a branch of the Mohawk
tribe is established, and one who resides in Caradoc, and devotes part
of his time to the Mounsees and Bear Creek Chippawas in his neigh-
bourhood. I have never seen more orderly and, to all appearance
devout worshippers than among some of these Indian congregations
which I visited ; and I have the fullest reason to believe that the min-
istry of the Clergy among them has been attended with very happy
effects. His Excellency Sir George Arthur is much interested in their
welfare ; and whatever the Government can do for their Religious
improvement, their temporal comfort, or the education of their children,
will, I am persuaded, be well and wisely expended. A great and prom-
ising field is here open to Christian philanthropy. A long debt is due
to the Indians from the inhabitants of European descent, and it is by
means such as those which I have just stated, that the reparation must
be made. They have been uniformly loyal. The Mohawks preserve
to this day, with much veneration, a set of communion-plate and other
appendages of divine worship, which were given them by Queen Anne,
when they were seated in the colonies which now form part of the
United States of America. I shall be happy to think that your Excel-
lency will not forget the claims of these poor people^ in what you
are engaged in doing for Canada at home. *
The commands laid upon me by your Excellency, having immedi-
ately had reference to the visitation of Upper Canada, upon which I was
>V^^^^X^tf^»<^>»^^^^^l^■^»»%^^^>^^»»#^**^>^^^^^■^^^^*^^^^
* The Indians resident in Upper Canada, according to an Official Return
in 1833, amountod to 6,038 Souls.
I' 1
11
nd, as are
Establish-
;ulated to
ng course
St be met
9n in this
I. There
le Grand
irora. A
ler to the
hese four
two other
;ations of
Mohawk
rotes part
bis neigh-
)pearance
;regations
the min-
ry happy
d in their
Religious
children,
nd prom-
ibt is due
d it is by
^ion must
preserve
ind other
en Anne,
rt of the
IT Excel*
»^hat you
immedi-
ich I was
m
lial Return
setting out at the time, I have forbv/rne from troubling you with any
details respecting the Lower Province. The observations, however,
which I have submitted are, in great part, of common application to
both Provinces ; and although there is a far smaller number of Protes-
tants in Lower Canada, the Protestant portion of the inhabitants is
constantly gaining upon the older French population, and must be ex-
pected to receive progressively increasing accessions from the British
Isles, chiefly of Protestants ; while the original settlers of the Colony
experience no augmentation of their numbers from any extraneous source.
There has been no census of the population of this Province since
the year 183 L At that time the Church of England population was esti-
mated at 34,620 souls ; the Church of Scotland population at 15,069 ;
and the aggregate of all the non-episcopal Protestant Denominations,
including the Church of Scotland, at 37,937. The Clergy of the Church
of England are 44 in number, with 52 or 53 Churches and Chapels
built or in progress. From 15 to 20 additional Clergymen would, I
think, provide for the present wants of this portion of the Diocese. In
Upper Canada, I believe that employment would be found for 100 be-
yond the existing establishment.
The petitions which are before your Excellency from the Clergy of
both Provinces respectively contain suggestions which, if acted upon,
would open the way for improving the efficiency of the Church Estab-
lishment in the Diocese ; but, without some present aid from the
Government, would be more tardy in their operation than the wants of
the people would bear without detriment. Nothing can be less uniform
and systematic than the manner in which a meagre supply of Clergy is
at present eked out and distributed over the Diocese. One portion are
paid from the imperial treasury (the salaries to be discontinued one by
one, as vacancies occur) ; another from local resources at the disposal
of Government ; another is composed of Missionaries from home ; and
there are four different religious bodies (besides an individual of singular
zeal in the cause) to whom the diocese is in this way indebted ; and
another still, although an exceedingly small portion, are dependent, in
whole or in part, upon the people. Thus the establishment of Clergy,
imperfect and insufficient as it is, is made up by means of shifts and
expedients, and to a great extent is without any permanent character ;
and the task of the diocesan in procuring supplies, and maintaining
communication with the different parties who afford themi is complicated
in a distressing degree.
J
12
I am thus led to a subject which I have reserved as the last to be
brought under the notice of your Excellency. The care of this diocese
is altogether too much for one man. Certainly one man cannot do
justice to it, situated as I am. Your Excellency is, I believe, aware
that negotiations ham for some time been on foot for the erection of a
separate see in Upper Canada. It is, indeed, high time that this mea-
sure should be carried into effect ; and for whatever time I am to remain
in the charge of the whole diocese, I really ought (and so, indeed, I
ought in any case) to be placed upon a new footing. In executing the
duties of the visitation in the two Provinces, I have travelled nearly
5,000 miles ; the extreme points which I have visited in the length of
the diocese being Sandwich, at the head of Lake Erie ; and the Bay of
Chaleurs, in the Gulph of St. Lawrence. Of the state of the commu-
nication in the interior parts of the country and among the new
settlements, your Excellency is not without information. No provision
exists for enabling me to employ a single functionary in conducting
correspondence with the Government, the Clergy, and the Societies at
home, keeping in proper order and arrangement the accmnulating records
of the see, or transacting those ordinary forms of ecclesiastical business
which are proper to Uie episcopal office ; and in those departments of
labour where the Bishop -^san receive assistance from the Arch-deacon, I
am deprived of this benefit, as far as Lower Canada is concerned, be-
cause, under the existing ammgements, I am compelled to hold the
office of Arch-deacon myself. :
The foregoing observations are submitted, with all respect, to the
serious consideration of your Excellency. Should it be your desire to
be furnished with statements in detail, taken from the returns of the
Clergy, it will be my endeavour to prepare them with all practicable
despatch. ••• -•:(■...•.. .,■.,,; .i :.,_,. t j , :<:^i y^ .--■•■i
.:.;.;.,......,,. :..,;; s^'i.;ij(;:-.-"K" ' I have, &c.
\,!^l!^j;|l,i (Signed) ,.:_ G. MONTREAL.
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