iW^- 
 
 D 
 
 THE 
 
 OC! OF m 
 
 A LECTURE 
 
 —BY— 
 
 KEY. S. ANNEAR; 
 
 Delivered ix the Vestky of the Free BAPTrsT Church, 
 Fredericton, February 23rd, 1883. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY REQUEST. 
 
 PRICE 10 CENTS. 
 
 SAINT JOHN, N. B. : 
 
 PaiNTFO AT "CHRISTIAN VI8ITOK" OFFIC'K 
 
 No. 99 GERMAIN STBKET. 
 
THE 
 
 A LECTURE 
 
 —BY- 
 REV. S. ANNEAR; 
 
 Dkliverkd in the Vestry op the Free Baptist Church, 
 Frederictox, February 23rd, 1883. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY REQUEST. 
 
 PRICE 10 CENTS. 
 
 SAINT JOHK.K.B.: 
 
 Printed, AT "t'BnisTiAN Visitor" Office 
 Mo. 99 Germain Strbb7. 
 

e. 
 
 
 ^— ^z. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The author of this lecture is not a physiologist by profession. 
 But havinf; been a student of temperance literature many years, read- 
 ing various works on physiology in its relation to teetotalism, he has 
 put together some of the thoughts collected in the form here present- 
 ed. Much of the matter has been taken from the books and lectures 
 of others. Never, perhaps, was the discussion of the physiological 
 phase of total abstinence more necessary than in these Provinces at 
 the present time. There is more temperance \a\D than seniinteni. 
 Hence tiie comparative failure of the Scoii Acty from which so much 
 was by some expected. Temperance lata must be a crystalization of 
 public aentimentj or it will ever be comparatively inoperative . 
 
 Convince good men that Alcohol cannot be taken into a healthy 
 body without injury, and they must become abstainers, and aid im 
 spreading temperance, or else compromise their integrity, and stand 
 condemned, both before Heaven, and the tribunal of their own 
 conscience. 
 
/ 
 
In the discussion of this subject, let us consider, 
 
 FiBST— The Body and its Wants ; 
 
 Second — Alcchol, in its Mature, and Effects; and 
 
 Third — Why I should bo a Teetotaler, 
 
 FiBST, "What is the hijman body? It is a divine instru- 
 ment of action ; an organ of use ; machinery, for doing the 
 work of life. And 1 add, it is the most wonderful organism ; 
 the moBt perfect, as well as complicated machinery, with which 
 we are acquainted. Virtually, within this body of ours, 
 are deposited all the arts, sciences, and mechanism of the 
 world. The progress of art and science is, so to speak, but 
 the unfolding of the mysteries of this living temple. 
 
 Our first parents were the monarchs of earth. Ti-uly, 
 they wielde4 no golden sceptre, yet, houseless, naked, and 
 weaponless, as they seemed, the author said to them, " Go 
 ye forth from the centre where I have f>laced you to all the 
 habitations of earth, and assert your dominion over the fish of 
 the sea, the fowl of the air, and the cattle upon ten thousand 
 bills. Go ye forth and master the seciets of the world ; bor- 
 row the power and resources of the material realm ; become 
 the priests and the inteipreters; and finally, the masters ol 
 nature. Go ye forth and subdue the earth." 
 
 The Body is the first natural instrument with which that 
 Divine command is to be wrought out. The body, therefore, 
 is the instrument with i^hich we have formed and fashioned 
 all others. 
 
 What is the idea of an instrument ? You never knew 
 one made of water ; much less of gas, or vapor. Volatile, 
 liquid, gaseous, or etherial matter, is not the basis of an instru- 
 ment. Soliditv ig at the bottom of all mechanism, and there- 
 
9 PIIYHIOLOOY OF TEET0TALI8M. 
 
 fore at the bottom of the organ iHm of this body. The body 
 coHHintH of many partH. ail of which are baned upon Kolids. 
 Whorovor tho.o is work done, it is with solid matter as the 
 OHKontial instrument. Therefore, as the law is ''go and 8ub< 
 due the earth,'* so, as essentially connected with that law, is 
 the living body the instrument by which it has to be executed. 
 
 Consider the bod}' first in its Anatomy, or skeleton. First 
 we have the great pillars of the legs, and the epinal column, 
 crowned with its expanded vertebiw ; and that collateral 
 sceptre of man*s dominion, the royal arm and hand — most 
 cunning instrument of all, upon which volumes might be 
 written, and yot leave the wonder of this master work unex- 
 hausted. 'And then, lastly, the golden roof of the most sacred 
 part, pmtecting the instrument of thought; the golden roof 
 of the Holy of iftolios in this living temple. 
 
 A «cco/i6/system, is equally necessary. "What doctor ever 
 knew a skeleton walk out of its case in the sr.rgery, and com- 
 pound his physic for him, and thus save him the cost of an ap- 
 prentice ? The skeleton, like the locomotive, and the power- 
 loom, is an instrument for working with; it must be work- 
 ed by something else. It may be illustrated by the <:yrsne 
 beam. By the beam resting on its pivot, and by the drum, 
 the wheel, and the chain, you lift enormous weight to the 
 pinnacles of your public buildings and temples. So it is with 
 the human body. There is an elastic rope, or chain, — it Joes 
 not matter what we call it. or what it is made of. Her* 
 (holding out the arm) we have an elastic instrument called 
 muscle, that directs an extended lever, which inoves upon its 
 pivot. This part of the human system^ the flesh, or techni- 
 cally the muscles, is a system of multitudinbas instruments tied 
 fast to the various bones, and which, by their power of con- 
 traction and expansion, move the bones. Our muscles are the 
 " gearing " that works this living machinery. 
 
 But then we want a third system. ,^ho, so to speak, 
 works the wheel? It is no use having a i^ain, and a main 
 beam, unless there is a man at the tvheel to work it. Yon 
 must have a servant thei*e. Who is ikud sei'vant ? You s^^ I 
 
 \ 
 
PHYSIOLOGY OP TEET0TALI8M. 7 
 
 work it. You are miRtaken. You no more work it, than the 
 proprietor of your foundry on th^ river'H bank, himself a reni- 
 dent on the dintant hill-*, works its machinery. 
 
 Here are the instinimentb that do the work (pointing to 
 the hands and armn) and I live here, (the hewd) at the west 
 end of the city; high up, far away from the workmen. I 
 must have something which connects myself here, with my 
 servant yonder. Bone is good. Muscle is goo(i. But they, 
 are servants that do not know what to do. For example, they 
 do not know that I am thii*8ty ; though they are willing to 
 obey me when I inform them. Hence 1 must have a road 
 from my residence in this palatial mairsion" of the brains, to 
 every part of my living domain. And I have. From the 
 brain there stream down through the spinal column, and branch 
 off to every organ of the body, beautiful white lines called 
 nerves — the motor nerves ;— the nerves that keep your heart 
 beating, and your lungs breathing, and those also that enable 
 you to do the work of life. They go fiom the brain. They 
 are the paths and instruments for carrying messages, and thus 
 we see that a telegraph is no new thing. They go from the 
 office here, to every servant of the system ; lo shoulder, to 
 Arm, to hand, and they say **do," and the servant does. 
 
 The /owr/A part of the system, you see at once, is the 
 brain, or telegraph office, where the master lives, or where by 
 nature is appointed to live — though he is sometimes from 
 home. He lives here purposely to legislate ; but before he can 
 legislate wisely, he must get instructed in the college of life; 
 must learn to know, and to think, so that he may act wisely, 
 and well. Such is the function of the brain. And then we 
 must have a fifth system, that which instructs, or Mucates the 
 brain. This i? another system of nerves, diviner telegraphH 
 than those others. They carry your messages, but these the 
 messages of Heaven. " The firmament showeth His handi- 
 work." The stars blaze in glory, the moon illumines like a 
 lamp by night, and the sun irradiates and vivifies our globe 
 by day. But how do we know these works of God. Becauso 
 He sends His lights which as the herald of His will, passes 
 
 «. 
 
8 . PHYSIOLOGY OF TEETOTALISM. 
 
 into the telescope of the eye, leaves its pictorial impression 
 upon the retina, and the nerve telegraphs the message to the 
 brain within, so that the soul, before dark, is lit up with beauty 
 and glory. 
 
 Thus the body of man is composed of bones, the mechan- 
 ical power, the basis of our organic life; of muscle, or flesh, 
 that works the bone, and directs it to its ends ; of efferent nerve, 
 that m )ves the muscles ; of brain, thtt instructed directorate, 
 which directs the nerves to move the muscles, and accomplish 
 outward action ; and thesentinet nerves, which connected with 
 the gateway of knowledge, the Ave senses, and the general 
 muscular sense, take the material of knowledge conveyed, 
 and concentrates it as an idea upon the brain itself. To this 
 point, we have said nothing of the essential difference between 
 the body and the machine : between the bodily house, and 
 the house made with hands. We proceed to this now, and say 
 of every atom of bone, muscle, nerve, and tissue, within us : 
 it is a vital machme; it is a living house; what does living 
 mean ? Is it a thing, or a state ? A state, not an entity. 
 You can get me the being thai lives, but not the life. Now 
 what is the attribute of life ? We all know. Our proverbs, 
 and the proverbs of every people say, " Warm as life ; Cold as 
 death." ''Quick (or moving) as life; still as death." Warmth 
 and movement are the everlasting attributes of vital organ- 
 ism. Where there is no warmth, there is no life. Where 
 there is no warmth, there is no movement. Where you 
 have life in the animal, you must have heat. What is the 
 law of heat ? This, it radiates. If is here now, gone the 
 next moment. It radiates from solids, and " evaporates " 
 as we say, from fluids ; passes from the condition of real heat, 
 into another form of force, which we call latent heat. The 
 water you boil, will not keep hot, it grows cold. The hot 
 iron will not remain at a white heat, it grows black and frigid. 
 In like manner, our bodies are always losing heat, and there- 
 fore, like the iron and water, would always be growing cold, 
 had provision not been made to keep up a fresh and due sup- 
 
PHY8I0L0GT OF TEET0TALI8U. 9 
 
 ply of heat, and, therefore, keep up as before, the ordinary 
 condition of vitality. 
 
 Let us go to the second attribute of life, movement. 
 What is the attribute of movement ? Change. All mortal 
 thingt<i that move, change. The solid machinery of your 
 waterworks wears away. The brass and steel of the watch, 
 wear away with every beat, and every movement, and if that 
 is true of the mighty locomotive, the watch, and the clock ; it 
 cannot be less true of the wonderfully fine, elaborate, subtle^ 
 and delicate machinery of the living body, of this bone, al- 
 ways growing and decaying; this muscle, always contracting 
 and extending ; of this nerve always supplying it with im- 
 pulse ; of this brain, evermore waking or dreaming, trans- 
 mitting messages, — though we have not always the memory 
 of them, — and of this heart 
 
 ''Like muffled dram forever beatinn; 
 Funeral marches to the grave." 
 
 It is a fact, that we cannot glance the eye, nor hear a 
 whisper ; we cannot lift a finger, or tread a step, without the 
 work that is done inducing an altertion, a change ; some fixed 
 wear and tear in the instrument by which it was effected. 
 The second loss, therfore, of the human body, is obviously 
 the loss of the substance of which it is composed, and we can 
 now readily answer the question, " why do we want food ?*' 
 It is because of this daily loss, first of heat, and therefore of 
 the matter of heat ; and second, of this daily and perpetual losn 
 of the material of the body itself; therefore the necessity of 
 that daily, heartfelt prayer, **Give us this day our daily bread.'' 
 We now know what bread is. These necessities of the body^ 
 teach us that it is everything, and anything, that God ha^ 
 given us in the outer nature ; in garden, field, or forest^ 
 which, being inti-oduced into the body shall, in the first place, 
 by assimilating to the blood, build up the waste, or, in the 
 second, innocently, and efficiently warm the living temple. 
 We have two losses ; therefore we have two wants ; the want 
 of matter of heat to warm us, and of matter of substance to 
 
10 PHTsioLoar of teetotalism. 
 
 build up our wasted frames. We constantly want two sort^ 
 of food, and only two. Has nature then given us but two 
 kinds of food? No one could conceive the use of three, and 
 therefore you will not find three. 
 
 Having thus spoken of the Body and its Wants^ — we 
 leave our first topic ; introduucing our second, — Alcoholm its 
 Nature^ and Effects, — with the statement, that the greatei^t 
 authorities, of all countries, unjte in declaring that there is 
 nothing in Alcohol to meet in any sense or degree these re-' 
 <luirements. They all rank it with the things that are diet- 
 etically bad. We are not now speaking of physic, but food — 
 breakfast, dinner, and tea ; adapted material to meet the waste 
 ever going on, as already shown. In certain diseases. Doc- 
 tors tell us, alcohol may be usefully employed to check that 
 waste by hardening or screwing up the tissues, and thus pro- 
 tract life. But this supposes an abnormal state, and must 
 necessarily be temporary. 
 
 And we may here ask, whence comes Alcohol ? It is not 
 found in Nature. Other poisons are, arsenic, opium, tobacco, 
 prussic acid ; the poisoning principle inheres in these. Not 
 80 in the substances, or elements, when Alcohol is extracted, — 
 in their natural state. It is not found in the gi'ape, in the 
 apple, in the corn, the rye, tiie peach, the beet root. And 
 before these can be made to produce it, thei-e must be decay, 
 decomposition, and death. Alcohol is the fruit of unnatiiral 
 mui*derous death. Yet some say it is a " good c»*<jature of 
 God." Never was greater mistake ; with as much truth 
 you might say, Aaron's Golden Calf was a good Ci'eature of 
 God. God made the Gold; Aaron made the Calf. God made 
 the grape, and corn ; but man makes the AlcohoL Hence it 
 is no more a " creature of God, than those idols of which Paul 
 speaks, "graven by art and man's device." (Acts 17:29). 
 The distinction here made between the idol and the gold, we 
 make between the natura' elements of Alcohol as given in na- 
 ture, and those perverted forms in which human art has con- 
 spired to place them. 
 
 But by its fruits we shall know it. Let ns prove it by 
 
PHYSIOLOOT OF TEKT0TALI8M. 11 
 
 tilis just and true test. To give the question every possible 
 advantage on the side of the drinker, we will speak of Alcohol 
 as found in wi/ic, ^ecr, and spirits. Of these liquors we say 
 —First, They cannot be nourishment, because the nutritive 
 matter in them is so small. Liebig — no enemy to beer— sayd 
 this: "We can prove with mathematical certainty, that as 
 much flour or meal as can lie on the point of a table knife, is 
 more nutritious than nine quarts of the best Bavarian beer; 
 that a man who is able daily to consume that amount of beer, 
 obtains from it in a whole year, in th«^ most favorable case, 
 exactly the amount of nutritive constituents which is contain- 
 ed in a five pound loaf of bread, or in three pounds of flesh." 
 So, a glass of vine contains just a grain of nutriment in th* 
 form of sugar. . - 
 
 Nor Secondly, can they aid digestion. If we wish to 
 preserve a curious Fish, or reptile, fj-om dpcomposition, what 
 do we do by it ? Put it into whiskey, and it is hardened ; tann- 
 ed ; preserved. Can the whiskey do otherwise, as far as its 
 influence cxt.ends, when placed in our stomach ? Can it not 
 harden and tan the flsh there, as well as in the bottle? What 
 difference, whether we put the stomach into the tan pit, or 
 put the tan pit into the stomach? 
 
 Many experiments have been made with a view to ascer- 
 tain whether mixing alcohol with the gastric juice inci*eafies 
 or lessens its power to decompose food, and the results of all 
 of them point to the conclusion, that the alcohol retaixis the 
 process of decomposition. A little alcohol retards it a little, 
 and much retards it much. - 
 
 Thirdly. Nor is it a heat producing fluid. On the con- 
 trary it appears in all cases to diminish the efficiency of the 
 heat producing process. All who are exposed to cold for hours 
 at a time, know this by peraonal experience ; and all theai*ctic 
 voyagers attest it. Brandy is destruction ^ hen men have to 
 face a temperature of sixty degrees below zeix). They want 
 lamp oil then ; and the rich blubber of the whale and the 
 walrus. Dr. Kae, who made two or three pedestrian tours 
 of the polar regions, and whose powers of endurance were put 
 
A PHYSIOLOGY OP TEET0TALI8M. 
 
 to as severe a test as man's ever were, is clear, and emphatic 
 on thio point. ** Brandy," he says, " stimulates but for a few 
 minutes, and greatly lessens a man's power to endure cold and 
 fatigue." Omnibus drivers, who drink freely, are much 
 sooner benumbed and overcome by the cold, than teetotallers. 
 It may seem strange, when we first hear it, that a meagre ab- 
 stainer, should be safer in a cold, biting, freezing wind, than 
 the bloated, red faced drinker. Yet such is the case. 
 
 A traveller relates, that when Russian troops are about 
 to start upon a march in a very cold region, no grog is allowed 
 to be served them. The reason is, that men who start under 
 the influence of liquor, are the first to succumb to the cold, and 
 become frost-bitten. It is the uniform experience of the hunt- 
 ers and trappers in the cold northern regions, and of the Rocky 
 Mountains, that Alcohol diminishes their power to resist cold. 
 
 Fourth^ Still less is alcohol a strength giver. The fact 
 already shown, that it contains no nutriment, is of itself suf- 
 ficient to prove this. But we are not applying the practical 
 test. 
 
 Every man that ever trained for a supreme exertion of 
 strength, knows that Tom Sayers spoke the truth when he 
 •aid : "I'm no teetotaller, but when I've any business to do, 
 there's nothing like water, and the Dumb Bells." But we 
 appeal not to isolated cases, but to the experience of millions 
 of men and women of all ranks, to young and old; rich and 
 poor; engaged in all employments, sedentary, and laborious; 
 living in all climates, from the torrid to the frigid zones, and 
 all the intermediate temperate zones; to persons in England, 
 India, Greenland, Norway, Australia, Africa;^ — to Franklin, 
 and Kane» amidst the arctic snows and everlasting icebergs; 
 and to Livingstone in Central Africa; — we appeal to the 
 civilian and the soldier ; to the man engaged \n the strongest 
 labor at the forge, and to the anchor-smith — and to the men 
 whom I have seen at Woolwich making the Lancaster shot, 
 probably the most difficult work ever yet performed by man, 
 and it was found that only a teetotal band could finish it. We 
 appeal to men and women by millions ; to those who have 
 
PHTSIOLOQT OF TEET0TALI8M. ' 1$ 
 
 tried abstinence not only for days, but for years ; to persons 
 cemprehendin._c every possible variety of complexion and con- 
 stitution, and therefore including your " peculiar constitution," 
 and we ask: What is the result? They answer — a cloud of wit- 
 nesses broad enough, and dense en^.'ii^h to eclipse all the op- 
 inions in the world — " We are as well without those drinks 
 as with them." What more ? we ask, and the response 
 from eighty out of every hundred is still more emphatic : 
 '* We are in body and in mind better, fur better, without these 
 drinks than with them." The logic is conclusive : if better 
 without than with, then worse with than without. 
 
 Nearly all medical men and physiologists of prominence, 
 testify that the dietetic use of alcohol is positively, and in 
 every case, injurious to the body. .^ 
 
 If their wine does not nourish us ; does not assist the 
 decomposition of food ; does not warm ; does not strengthen ; 
 what does it do ? We all know that when we drink alcoholic 
 liquor, it effects the brain immediately, and it effects the brain 
 injuriously, at once lessening its power to discern and dis- 
 criminate. 
 
 Should I now take a glass of any kind of liquor, the pro- 
 bability is, I should lose the power to continue my speaking 
 effectively. I should see things double, and begin to utter 
 paradoxes, and spurts of extravagence, at once perceptible to 
 you ; and furnishing to me painful reminiscences in the morn- 
 ing. Any one might by this experiment— though I do not 
 recommend it— take two glasses of wine, and then immediate- 
 ly apply yourself to the hardest task your mind ever has to 
 } erform, and you will find you cannot do it. Let any tem- 
 perate student, just before he sits down to his mathematics, 
 drink a pint of the purest beer, and he will be painfully con- 
 scious of his loss of power. In some way this alcohol gets to 
 his brain, and injures it. We are conscious of this, and we 
 can observe it. It is among the wine-drinking classes of our 
 fellow beings, that absurd, incomplete, and reactionary ideas 
 prevail. The receptive, the curious, the candid, the trust- 
 worthy brains — those that do not take things for granted, 
 
n 
 
 ft 
 
 m4 PHYBlOtOOY OF TKET0TALI8M. 
 
 and yet are ever open to conviction — sucJi heads, as a rule, 
 are to be found on the shoulders of men who drink little or 
 Qono of those seductive fluids. Blackle/<8, sharpers, and gam- 
 blersjcven admit all this,and hence are noted for their sobi'iety, 
 when there is work on hand. They get their victims todi-ink, 
 while themselves studiously abstain. Gentlemen, is there 
 nothing to be learnt from this ? Here, perhaps, we shall be 
 met with the case of the celebrated Dr. Johnson, as a triumph- 
 ant proof that strong mental po»vers, and great effort, may be 
 connected with the free use of intoxicating liquor. 
 
 Let it be recollected, however, that his mostsuccessful and 
 laborious literary work, was accomplished before he had the 
 means of intemparance ; stern poverty imposing the necessity 
 of abstemiousness. And further, we should remember that 
 ever afterwards, he found it periodically necessary to be not 
 only •* temperate," but abstinent. *' By abstinence from wine, 
 and suppers " saj^s he in his 'prayers and meditations,' *' I ob- 
 tained sudden and great relief; and had freedom of mind re- 
 stored to me, which I have wanted for all this year, without 
 being able to find any means of obtaining it." 
 
 Nor should it be forgotten how dreadful were the sufferings 
 of this powerful mind, in consequence of intemperance ; how 
 it rendered him gross in his manners; irritable, and overbar- 
 ing in his temper ; and how it kept him, " through fear of 
 death, all his iite time subject to bondage.'* 
 
 What dreadful havoc did the use of alcohol produce in 
 Pope, Byron, Burns, Dryden, and others ? Who would desire 
 their fame, if he must possess their unlovely characters, and 
 endure their dreadful sufferings ? Had they dashed, or for ever 
 have kept from their lip. the intoxicating cup, how happy 
 might their lives have been, and how much higher might they 
 have inscribed their names on the pedestal of genius and 
 learning ! To them, life seemed a curse ; and death at best, a 
 leap in the dark. . ^ 
 
 But let us take a popular view of this part of our subject, 
 from a new stand point. Were the human body transparent, 
 and the operations of its organs in sustaining life visible, every 
 
 I i 
 

 PHYSIOLOGY OP TEET0TALI8M. «P 
 
 man might see that nature itself, or rather God, by the opera- 
 tion of his providence in sustaining life, teaches, that the 
 drinking of alcohol is wicked, and cannot be continued by 
 man without hastening his death. 
 
 The receptacle for food, is the stomach and intestines. 
 From these, after being changed into chyle, proptr food is 
 taken up by absorbent vessels, and carried into th3 blood, and 
 conveyed to the right side of the heart; from which it is sent 
 to the lungs; and by coming into contact with the air, and 
 taking out of it what it needs, in order with what it has, to 
 nourish the body, it is sent back again to the left side of the 
 heart. From this it is sent in arteries, or tubes which God 
 has prepared for that purpose, to all parts of the body ; carry- 
 ing the nourishment which it contains, and which every part 
 needs, to its proper place. 
 
 Along all the lines of these tubes, or canals, through which 
 the blood, with its treasure flows, God has provided a vast 
 number of little organs, or waiters, whose office is, each one 
 to take out of the blood, as it comes along, that kind and 
 quantity of nourishmt^nt which it needs for its own support, 
 and also for the support of that part of the body which is 
 committed to its care. And although exceedingly minute 
 and delicate, they are endowed with the wonderful power of 
 doing this, and also of abstaining from, or of expelling and 
 throwing back into the common mass, what is unsuitable, or 
 what they do not want ; to be carried to some other place 
 where it may be needed ; or if it is not needed anywhere, and 
 is good for nothing, to be thrown out of the body as a nuisance. 
 
 And marvellous are the accuracy, the precision, and the 
 perpetuity, with which they perform these functions. For 
 instance, the organs placed at the end of the fingers ; when 
 the blood comes there, take out of it what they need for their 
 support; and also what is needed to make finger nails, while 
 they will cautiously abstain from, or repel that which only 
 makes hair, and let it go on to the head. And the organs on 
 the head, carefully take out that which they need for their 
 support, "and also that which will make hair, or in common 
 
16 PHYSIOLOGY OP TEET0TALI8M. 
 
 language, cause it to grow ; while they will cautiouslj abstain 
 from taking that which is good for nothing, except to make 
 eye balls, and let it go to the eyes, and will even help it on. 
 And the organs abou t the eyes will take that, and work it up 
 into eyes, or cause them to grow, — and so throughout the 
 whole system. And there is among all the millions and mil- 
 lions of these workei*8, day and night, all diligent in business, 
 the most entire and everlasting harmony. And there is alio 
 the most delicate and wonderful sympathy. If one member 
 suffers, all the membei'g instinctively suff'er with it. And if 
 one member rejoices, all rejoice with it. And when the blood 
 has gotten out to the extremities, and been to all parts of the 
 system, and left its treasures all along the way, Ps they wtjre 
 needed, (for freely it has received, and freely it gives), then 
 there is another set of tubes, or channels which God hasopen- 
 od and prepared to take the blood, and with it, what waa not 
 needed, or was good for nothing, or had been used till it was 
 worn out, back again te the right side of the heart. From 
 this it is sent again with its load to the lungs, for the purpose, 
 by respiration of throwing off what is not needed, and what, 
 if retained, would only be abui*den and do mischief; and also, 
 by inspiration, of taking in a new store, and setting out again 
 on its journey around the system. And to give it good speed, 
 the heart, like a steam engine, worked not by fires which man 
 can kindle, but by the breath of the Almighty, keeps con- 
 stantly moving, day and night, summer and winter, through 
 storms and sunshines, sickness and health, till it has landed 
 the immortal passenger on the shores of eternity. 
 
 With regaiti to those organs whose business it is to select 
 or deposit in proper places, a suitable kind, and quantity of 
 nourishment for the growth and support of the system, — how 
 do they treat Alcohol ? Do they take it up, and use it, for 
 making flesh, or bones, or anything by which the body is 
 nourished, beautified, and supported ? No. They all with one 
 consent instinctively and instantly reject it. It goes to one, 
 class, and they reject it, to another, and they reject it, and 
 then to another, and another, and so on, but they all reject it; 
 
PHTftlOLOGY OF TEETOTALIS.M. 
 
 17 
 
 and will not, if they can prevent it, suffer it even to stop. No 
 one will embrace it, or look at it as a friend, but all view it 
 as an enemy, and trer' 'is coming as a hostile invasion. Noi- 
 do they merely let it aioi a, but they all fight against it. Thin 
 increases their labor, and they soon languish. Nor does the 
 enemy let them alone, or merely fail to benefit them. It fights 
 against them, and thus draws them otf from their proper work, 
 or goads them on unmercifully, till they become frantic. 
 Having to labor amidst the fire and the fumes of an irriiatinc: 
 and poisonous enemy, the organs become themselves in *:ate(l 
 and chafed ; their sensibilities are blunted, and they do their 
 work badly. Then the parts of the system which are dapend- 
 ant on those organs, and suffer through their derangement, 
 begin to complain ol: those organs, and they, provoked, retort 
 back again. The hirmony is destroyed, the kindness of the 
 system annihilated, confusion ensues, and every evil work. In 
 their frenzy they bite and devour one another, and are thus 
 consumed one of another. Wh lie the common enemy is chased 
 on from organ to organ, marking his course with irregularity 
 of action, and disturbance of function, and if he cannot be 
 expelled or destroyed, will produce certain death. Nor is this 
 all. There is another set of organs, as shown under our first 
 head, whose office is to furnish sensibility to the human system. 
 For this purpose they are spread over the surface ol the whole 
 body, and in such vast numbers and variety, that yeu cannot 
 pierce the skin with even the finest needle, and not strike 
 some of them, and thus occasion pain. They seem to form the 
 link between the body and the mind, and to be the medium 
 through which one reciprocally acts upon the other. Of 
 course whatever affects them, affects not only the body, but 
 also the soul, and the influence one has upon the other. Their 
 seat is the brain. From this they derive excitement, and 
 power to communicate it to other parts of the system. And 
 in order to furnish this excitement, the biain musj itself be 
 excited. And what it needs for this purpose, is that, and only 
 that, which is furnished by arterial blood, when men take 
 nothing but suitable food and drink, exercise, rest, and sleep. 
 
18 
 
 PHYSIOLOOY OP TEET0TALI8M. 
 
 For thiH excitement it eagorl}'' waits ; and this it joyfully re- 
 ceives ; and cheerfully, with the rapidity almost of lightning, 
 communicates to every part ; spreading a glow of animation, 
 and making even existence a source of delight. But as it stands 
 waiting to receive, and instantly and joyfully to communicate 
 the bread and the milk of Heaven, you th»'ow in »»Icohol ; 
 and thus instead of bread, give it serpents; instead of milk, 
 scorpion ; and they go hissing and darting their ser})ent, 
 scorpion-like influence through the whole man, body and 
 soul; turning husbands iMo demons, and fathers into fiends; 
 causing them, as it were, to be boi-n of the devil, and regener- 
 ated for eternal ruin ! 
 
 That we may be able to judge more fully the'nature of 
 Alcohol and its elfect upon the human body ; let us look atone 
 'jf its extreme, but by no means infrequent results, in so called 
 Delirium Tremens, or delirium with Tremblings. 
 
 See that miserable victim ; surrounded by his wife and 
 friends, he pi oclaims himself in the midst of devils ! His house 
 is hell ! The furniture and curtains, are but new racks of tor- 
 ture, and mantling flames! His children are imps; and their 
 toys, disgusting worms, and nauseous reptiles ! See ! How he 
 starts, when only friendly voices speak, and kindest hands at- 
 tend him ! His tongue seems to him a demon's fang; hiseyes 
 are pricking balls of fire; his ears, a medium only for hideous 
 yells; his heart, as a burning mountain in eruption, sends 
 molten fire throughout his nature. Sulphureous clouds sur- 
 round him, and he stands knee deep in a flaming lake, — now 
 hunted through barren wastes by black and savage wolves ; 
 now knotted around and crushed by hissing serpents; or dash- 
 ed by jeering imps frwm crag to crag, down, down an unfath- 
 omable gulf ! He groans for death, but is denied it ; he 
 seeks destruction, but cannot find it ! But see ! His reason 
 dawns ! His face grows calm ; his limbs relax ; he smiles and 
 weeps together; till thought weaves a fresh covering of de- 
 spair, and quenches .the last glimmering of hope for ever ! ! 
 Such, and a thousand times worse, is that hell on this side 
 death, produced bj'^ alcohol — delirium tremens. 
 
PHY8I0L00T OF TEKTOT/.LIHM. 19 
 
 '• We close our remHrks under thiH head with a quotatioo or 
 two from the highent possible authorities. 
 
 A select committee appointed by the New York Senate, 
 reported among other equally astoutidin^ statements on the 
 subject : — '* Your committee are of opinion that bueh liquoi* 
 (Alcoholic) ir' a poison, and should be so declared and treated ; 
 prcxiucing a species of insanity which deadens the powers, and 
 inflames the passions ; causing the unprovoked commission of 
 crimes on the innocent and unoffending, of an enormity un- 
 parallelled in the civilized world ; crimes that even barbarians 
 would shudder at, and humanity in its worse forms could not 
 commit, unaided by the demon that is ever present in the 
 diunkard's cup." Dr. Cheyno, in a letter t/j Dr. Harvey, of 
 Bath, (England) says: "My dear Doctor, how could you think 
 me so foolish as to enter into a crusade against strong drink ? 
 Indeed. Why if there were an end put to the drinking of 
 Port, Punch, and Porter, ihere would be an end to my woi Id- 
 ly prosperity. I might discharge my coachman ; sell ray 
 horses; and once more become a pedestrian. Nay, the whole 
 profession would be i-uined ; the medical halls would be strip- 
 ped of their splendor, and disease become comparatively rare, 
 simple, and manageable." It is freely admitted that from time 
 immemorial, some medical men have recommended alcoholic 
 drinks as a beverage. But honest Doctoi's have done this 
 through ignorance, in the absence of that light which the 
 science of modern days has cast upon the subject. But let us 
 hear further what the above witness says. " It is now time 
 tor the members of the medical profession to stand out, and 
 honorably admit the error they have so long laboured under 
 regarding the utility of these drinks; and thus remove some 
 of the evils they have given rise to." 
 
 : Of similar import is the declaration of the celebrated Sir 
 Astlt^y Cooper : '* We have all been deceived. Alcohol is not a 
 tonic or stomachic, but a strong diffusible stimulant; and 
 every bottle that contains it should be labelled * Poison.' " 
 
 In the celebrated Rugely poisoning cases, which filled 
 England with consternation a few years since, Doctor Taylor, 
 
^-y-- 
 
 20 
 
 PHTSIOLOar OP teetotalism. 
 
 (the very highest authority) twice stated, that ** Walter Pal- 
 mer was poisoned by gin.'' What more could be said of 
 ai*8enic? - 
 
 Very recently 2000 medical men, including many of the 
 firat cf the profession, have borne a united public testimony, of 
 the same import. A century ago, alcoholic drinks were called 
 by the legislators of England by tho appropriate appellation, 
 " bewitching poison." In Eastern nations, they have even 
 been designated as " liquid fire," and '* the mother of sins." 
 And by the North American Indians, *' Fire Water." ' 
 
 Our Third Topic,—" Why should I be a Teetotaller,"— is 
 already virtually answered. We have shown that none of the 
 alcoholic liquors we know can contribute to the building up of 
 the human structure ; and that thej^ contribute no fuel to heat 
 the house; in short, that they furnish nothing which the 
 workers in a healthy body can utilize ; and further, that they 
 obstruct the work, disfigure, and pull down the building 
 take strength from it, stultify and madden tie workei*8, set- 
 ting them at war one with another — while they ever battle 
 the common foe ; and thus those drinks are evil, only evil, 
 and that continually. 
 
 On physiological grounds, therefore, I am a Teetotaller, 
 because of these undeniable facts. 
 
 Some say they believe in Temperance. 1 ask what is 
 temperance? *'Why moderation." I again ask, what is 
 moderation? You again say, "Temperance." I am now 
 obliged to ask, what do you mean by both ? The ordinary 
 notion, the vague idea floating in the minds of many, is, that 
 it is something distinguished from excess. To " take a thing 
 in moderation," means with them, " take it in limited, or 
 small, or careful quantities; but do not take it in large; do 
 not take it in excess." In reply we say, this is not a defini- 
 tion that will bear application to fact. There are a thousand 
 things to which you cannot apply it. Temperance is not a 
 question of quantity. It is not a thing you can measure, or 
 handle. There is no such a thing as a pint of it, or a yard, or 
 nd. The true thought is altogether in a different sphere. 
 
 a poui 
 
 "yr 
 
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• Mi*/ 
 
 PHYSIOLOQT or TEKTOTALISM. tl 
 
 The woi*d» " Tempei-ance," and *' Moderation," can be legiti- 
 mately applied to alcohol, only in the sense in which they are 
 applied to opium, calomel, prussic acid, arsenic, and other 
 poisonH. These have their uses ; but not as articles of diet ; 
 not to uild up a healthy human body; and when used, have 
 to be handled with care ; but alcohol with greater, it* we wov^ld 
 escape danger ; for none of these create an abnormal appetite 
 for more, in the sense and degree this does. And hence the 
 peculiar danger of its use even medicinally. 
 
 Temperance, of which teetotalism is but part, is the pi-o- 
 r»«r use of w^hat God has appointed, to meet the wants of the 
 body. Hence there ie no temperance in the use of alcohol in 
 any degree. God has stamped teetotalism upon all the 
 
 FOOD HE GIVES TO MAN. ' 
 
 And now, need I say how unjust is the charge, that teeto 
 talism, the system which is the perfect expression of these 
 Beautiful and demonstrable laws of food, rejectr the ** gootl 
 creatures of God?" We take them all as he has given them, 
 unchanged, unpoisoned, uncorrupted, and at once vindicate 
 the accordance of teetotalism with the principles of nature, 
 and "justify the ways of God to man." 
 
 And then, if we are wise in obeying these clear laws of 
 food, are we not equally wise in accepting the one gift of 
 drink? Food was of two sorts: bricks and mortar, if I may so 
 speak ; and fuel food ; because we have two losses in the solids. 
 But in drink, it is not so. In regaM to liquid we have not two 
 losses, but one, and therefore there is but one liquid given to 
 supply the place. Why do we praise water ? For the reason 
 intimated by Shakespeare — because water is good. We say 
 "honest water! Too weak to be a sinner." , It cannot sin 
 against the physical, and therefore it never* sins against the 
 moral nature of man. Water, in its composition, is a type of 
 innocency, of excellency, of purity. It is the only liquid 
 element that can keep up the vital circulation of the body. 
 Water is the fluid that circulates wherever there is life, — in 
 the verdure of the Held, in the flower of the gaixlen, in the 
 
♦ f 
 
 I 
 
 22 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY OP TEET0TALI8M. 
 
 insect of the air, or in the secretions and excretions of aul- 
 mated nature. •■■ ^ -? i' • - 
 
 The old (jreek was right — who 3000 years ago designated 
 water as '* the blood of nature." Why ? Because life could 
 not be carried on with dry solid matter ; and therefore, though 
 solidity is the basis of our being, liquid is the essential condi- 
 tion of its being a living solid. We want liquid to circulate 
 in the sap and juices of the plant as it grows our food. We 
 want liquid to dissolve it in the stomach, and circulate it in 
 the channels throughout the frame. We want liquid to bring 
 into play all the chemical, and vital, and electric affinities that 
 are involved in our organic, vital being. We want liquid as the 
 one vehicle for the circulation of the solid,and for no other end. 
 And therefore as the end of liquid was one, God has given 
 us but '>De drink, which He has rightly called the " Water of 
 Life," and therefore the type, and symbol, of the higher life, 
 and of that truth which is the higher vehicle of spiritual life. 
 
 W^e, at any rate, are not ungrateful in rejecting this, but 
 take it as God has sent it, pure and soft, as it springs and 
 bubbles up from the fountains of the earth, or dashes in crystal 
 cataracts from the lofty hills ; and, in so doing, we again vin- 
 dicate the ways of providence, and justify our claim to act in 
 accordance with the manifestations of eternal wisdom, and 
 Almighty goodness. ^ .» 
 
 Perhaps we cannot more appropriately close, than by re- 
 peating Paul Benton's apostrophe to water, who, when awked 
 by a lover of sti-ong drink for the supei'ior liquor he had prom- 
 ised at the party, answered in notes of thunder — pointing with 
 his fingers direct towards a matchless double spring, gushing 
 up in two strong columns with a sound like a shout of joy, 
 bursting from th« bosom of the earth, — "There," h*^ repeated 
 with a loot terril^le aM the lightning, " there is the liquor which ' 
 God the Eternal bi-ews for all His children 1 Not in the sim- 
 mering still, over smoky fires, choked by poisonous gasses. 
 and surrounded with the stench of sickening odors and rank 
 corruption, doth your Father in Heaven prepare this precious 
 essence of life, the pure cold water ; but in the green glade 
 
PHYSIOLOGY OF TKET0TALI8M, 
 
 
 and grassy dell, where the red deer wanders, and child loves 
 to pla}" — there God brews it; and down, low down in the deep- 
 est valleys, where the fountains murmur, and the rills sing; 
 and high on the tall mountain tops, where the naked granite 
 glitters like gold in the sun ; where the storm cloud broods, 
 and the thunder storms crash ; and away far out on the wide 
 wild sea, where the hurricanes howl music, and the big waves 
 roar the chorus, sweeping the march ot\:od, — there He brews 
 it — that beverage of health, life-giving water ! And every- 
 where it is a thing of beauty ; gleaming in the dew drop ; sing- 
 ing in the summer rain ; shining in the ice germ, till all the 
 trees seem turned to living jewels; spreading a golden veil 
 over the setting sun, or a white gauze around the midnight 
 moon; sporting in the cataract; sleeping in the glacier; 
 dancing in the hail showers ; folding its bright snow curtains 
 .softly about the wintry world; and weaving the many-colored 
 I'ainbow — that seraph zone of the sky, whose warp is the rain 
 drop of earth, and whose woof is the sunbeam of heaven, 
 chequered over with celestial flowers by the mystic hand of 
 i-efraction ! It is always beautiful, that blessed life-water. No 
 poison bubbles on its brink. It brings not madness nor mur- 
 der. No blood stains its liquid glass. Pale widows and starv- 
 ing orphans weep no bitter tears in its depths. And no 
 drunkard from the grave curses it in words of despair, but 
 would gladly, when too late, supplicate one drop to cool his 
 burning tongue." 
 
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