IMAGE EVALUATION TBT TARGET (MT-3) V /. {/ v.^ mo 1.0 I.I 1.25 |21 :2 12.5 2.2 120 1.8 U 111.6 — 6' % %' ^a ^/ >>/ /^ > •^ op. ///. Photographic Sciftices Corpomtion A ^' .. I ' l i lJ)*" ' f A CATECHISM FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF COMMUNICANTS ir THt NATUB AN43 USES OF TBB I SACRAMEm OF OUR LORP'S SUPPER, Aim ¥"}[ ■>;?-' IN THE DOCTEINES AND DUTIES CONNECTED WITH THAT ORDINANCE ; TO WHlCli IS JLm>mi A SACRAMENTAL ADDRESS. B.Y ANDREW THOISSO^, D.D. -> tATE MINISTER OF 8T. GEOEGK S CHUBCH, EDiNlGit0H/ KirislO AND €0BJEl6'rrEI> BY THB Al/fROB. , WITU RECOMMISNDATORY fkeface. 1% MONTREAL: 1»RlNTBi> BY MHES STARKE Ik ( 0„ Iq«^. H mm wm m ■ "■^^ "I'^wiii^ppiipip ,v1>. V, C V, ^ m T V CATECHISM FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF COMMUNICANTS IN THE NATURE AND USES DP THB SACRAMENT OF OUR LORD'S SUPPER, AND IN THE DOCTRINES AND DUTIES CONNECTED WITH THAT ORDINANCE; TO WHICH IS ADDED, ^ A SACRAMENTAL ADDRESS. BY ANDREW THOMSON, R D. LATE MINISTER OF ST. GEORGE's CHURCH, EDINBURGH. REVISED AND CORRECTED BY THE AUTHOR. WITH RECOMMENDATORY PREFACE. MONTREAL: t»RINTED BY JAMES STARKE k CO,, JIT. THERESB STREET. 1 ft.^Q ' It is not intended that the following Cetechism should be committed to memory, in the way that other Catechisms are usually learnt. Most of the answers are so long as to render this, in a great measure, impracticable ; but the Catechetical form has been adopted, because it seems best calculated for conveying instruction to the generality of read- ers, with ease, distinctness, and effect. That this little work maj, under the Divine bles- sing, prove edifying and useful to many, is the author's fervent wish. Sprouston, } May 30, 1807. S A. T. ENTERED IN STATIONERS' HALL. In forr Lord's are arr: quence, original they are a serene every y who are far fror not fit of his s ance of of their with thi born ar creed, a and to ( what, ii gion of obsequi( rememb part no] who ne^ I id ext respecta by the v is somel who, th( God's p ^ etechism ivay that t of the 1 a great cal form ilculated of read- ne bles- is the .. T. PREFACE. i In forming the resolution that they will partake of the Lord's Supper, which all professing Christians do, who are arrived at the years of maturity, it is of vital conse- quence, that the motives in which such a resolution doth originate, be examined by them, and that they be satisfied they are such as will admit of being looked back upon with a serene and self-approving mind. Of the multitudes who every year encompass the altar of God, there are many who are actuated by no proper principle whatever, and so far from being fit to approach the table of the Lord, are not fit to join themselves even to the ordinary assemblies of his saints. There are some who celebrate the ordin- ance of the Supper because it happens to be the practice of their country, and they lo not wish to refuse compliance with the customs of the place in which they have been born and brought up, who are so far flexible as to their creed, and their conduct, as blindly to follow the faith, and to conform to the usages of their Fathers, who make what, in relation to them, is certainly the accidental reli- gion of their parents—who make that the rule of their obsequious belief, and thus partake of the holy feast in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice, when they have neither part nor lot in the sacrifice itself And there are some who never fail to observe it, because they deem a formal i id external observance of it a decent and exceedingly respectable thing—because thf3y see it regularly attended by the wise and by the good, and because they think there IS something peculiarly becoming and attractive in those who, though as individuals thev mav Hp mnnxr ^^f «« l*od 8 people, profess to be one, joining together in the ^bHb^ .^' IT by a common participation Anrf th! *" ""' T"'«' quite sure to frequent it^n oVi / f, "\'°'"* "''° "« which they thi„r^7^ h rw° e^^e°:"*y *^™^Pitf. memory of some D^sf m/j^T' i ! P' '" "'P'' °"' *'>e selves with a stoeoSterrr^rV"'' *° P™"'*^ »''«'»- over the impuriLs o^Cr te" /n7tr'1 "'"""^'l'^ their seemingly devout att-L inn 1 .K- *'^'''^*™"' •>? solemnitv to lav ;„ "I, 7 IP '" '•"' commemorative necessS of h»- ? ""'' "'^ '"eputation for the future a ftw who approTcht'T''-';-. Z,'^'' ''»='"y> *«^« «'« "ot a..d ablurd TuTrstit on who^"'''"^/ "'"'1 '»»^' ^^ject nance as a brihpTn ti^ " ' '"'""' '^°™"'' t° "lis ordi- sarfyin/or at IP-' / T" ?™^^''=°'=«^. with the view of «hich' cf;.not tWi I t'Z°fasl!r"f "r' '"'^^'""^=' Swr;S^l!;^ ro?"'^""' ^"'« -- '" «ow out .uclTartheTe 'T '"'' ^''""""^ ''^ ««"t™«nts and feelings table oftr L rd' "andTfarfr ™"' ^^'=^P'''"^<' '" '^ benefits which th^orlLnceUself"?, '■'r';^/"^ ''^ 'f'<'^« thev do but inpt.r tl!l •?. f '* calculated to afford, thought much of by themselves Tf' ^"^ ^''^" ^ the severitv „,;tl> ,7- ;°^™'^"'es, and we cannot qualify demned ^ "''"'' """^ °"S''' "" "^ 'hem to be con! me^in''^''''"''"" """"'"*' *e>'«f<'re, it certainly is for all I iting the iption of another who are ipicions, out the e them- sanctity our, by lorative ■ future are not abject is ordi- view of livings, pose of Lord, ^'otion, of the 3W out Of everlasting moment it certainly is, that all professing Christians do understand the real reasons that do induce them to partake of the Lord's Supper ; and as it is possible many may be actuated by improper motives when they think they are not, so they should recognise it as a matter of incumbent obligation, not only to examine their own hearts in this matter with all strictness and severity, but also to avail themselves of the help afforded by those Cate- chisms, or little books, which may best explain the nature and obligation of commemorating the death of Christ — that they, having their understandings enlightened to compre- hend the solemnity and the design of the action, and having their hearts prepared after the preparation of the sanctuary, may be enabled to approach with due reverence to the table of the Lord, and when they eat of the bread, as a symbol of Christ's body, and when they drink of the wine, as a symbol of Christ's blood, may be worthy partakers of these holy mysteries. Of the little works that are adapted to form such an help, we are acquainted with none that is superior to the Sacramental Catechism, by the late Dr. Andrew Thom- son. It has been in the hands of the public for upwards o; twenty-four yearis. It has been honoured of God, to be th' instrument for the edifying of many souls; the very ext«n sive sale which it has had, as well as the still increasing demand which there is for it, are manifest proofs of the estimation in which it is held by the religious world, and we are aware of no treatise of the same size, where there is a clearer or more forcible statement of the nature of the Lord's Supper in general, the names by which it is called, the spiritual truths it is intended to represent, the reasons especially that should lead men to partake of it, and the qualifications which are necessary for all who would par- :ske of it with the acceptance of the God of ordinances, and profit to their own souls. 1. c ns an Suppt A. . 19; 1 2. ( A. viour c 3. C A. ' U into th 4. C A. : Eucha 5. C A : diately his dis as a fei 6. C lemn tl ing up term ] signifie 7. C ^. ] the Sa^ anothei A CATECHISM, &c. 1. Q. What parts of the New Testament give us an account of the Sacrament of our Lord's Supper 9 A. Matth. xxvi. 26 ; Mark xiv. 22 ; Luke xxii. 19; 1 Corinth, xi. 23. 2. Q. By whor,i was this Sarament instituted? ^ A, By Jesus Christ, the Son of God, and Sa- viour of the world. 3. Q. Wlie'}., did he institute it ? A. The same night in which Judas betrayed him into the hands of his enemies, 4. Q. By ivhat names is it usually known f A, It is usually called the Lord's Supper, the Eucharist, or the Communion. 5. Q. Why is it called the Lord's Supper ? ^ A, Because it was instituted by Christ imme- diately after he had eaten the Paschal Supper with his disciples, and is to be regarded by Christians as a feast in honour of their Lord. 6. Q. Why is it called the Eucharist 9 A. Because it is an occasion of special and so- lemn thanksgiving to God, for his goodness in giv- ing up his own Son tu death for ou^ salvation—the term Eucharist being derived from a word which signifies thanksgiving. 7. Q.^ Why is it called the Communio:\ 9 A. Either because it is a communion with Christ the Saviour, or because it is a communion with one another r.s disciples of Christ. 8 8. Q. Was it intended to be of perpetual obli- gation in the church ? A, Yes. 9. Q. Wht/ do you think so ? I A. Because the Apostle Paul says, (1 Cor. xi. 26.) " As often as ye eat this bread and drink " this cup, ye do show the Lord's death till he " come :" and because the Christians of the first ages, who enjoyed the best means of information, had this opinion of it, and continued to celebrate it after the disciples and apostles had left the world. 10. Q. How often should it be observed? 1 A, Scripture gives us no particular instruction on that point ; but certainly we may conclude from its nature and purposes, that we should observe it as often as opportunities occur, and circumstances permit. 11. Q. What are the elements made use of in the Sacrament ^ I A. Bread and wine. 12. Q. What c'ld our Saviour do before he distributed the bread and wine ? A, He gave thanks and blessed them. ^ 13. Q. What does this teach us ? * A. To express our gratitude to God for his great and tender mercy, before we partake of the ordi- nance, and to depend upon his blessing as that which alone can make it useful. 14. Q. What do the bread and wine made use of in the Lord's Supper, represent ? A, The bread that is broken, and the winj that is poured out, represent the broken body and shed blood of Christ ; or, more pr »pcrly speaking, they (( i( us, iC boil 9 ual ohli- Cor. XI. d drink L till he the first rmation, elebrate left the truction de from serve it istances w of in ^ore he is great e ordi- as that ? use of ij that i shed :, they represent that atoning sacrifice of himself which Christ offered up for sin, when his body was bro- ken, and his blood was shed upon the cross. 15. Q. Wliepce does this appear ? A. From the words of the institution. When our Saviour gave the bread to his disciples, he said, " This is my body, which is given for you ;" and when he gave the cup, he said, " This cup is " the New Testament in my blood, which is shed *' for you." 16. Q. What do you mean hy Christ' s offering himself up a sacrifice for sin ? A, I mean his submitting, in our room and stead, to that wrath and curse of God which was due to us for transorressing the divine law. 17. Q. Did Christ actually offer himself up a sacrifice for sin ? A, Yes : we are told so in Scripture as plainly and distinctly as language can express it. 18. Q. What is the language of Scripture on this point ? A. " And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved " us, and given himself for us, an offering and a " sacrifice unto God." (Eph. v. 2.) " Even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us." (1 Cor. V. 7.) " Christ also hath once suffered for sin, the just " for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, *^ being put to death in the llesh." (1 Peter, iii. 18.) " And every priest standeth daily ministering " and offering oftentimes the same sacrifice, which " can never take away sin: but this man, (Christ,) *" after he had offered one sacrifice for sin, for ever I 10 th^Inf^'fV''^ **''*'^f ' "'^'''^ ^ represented in the Lords Supper, to be trusted in as perfectly ;f • Yf s : it is so, both because it was appointed and because U has been accepted of by gT ' edt Godr ^"^ ^"°" *^' '* '"«* «/'/'<«•»'- ^. From such passages of Scripture as these: God so loved the world, that he gave his only "shfuTno^t"' '^1: ""^"'T'^ belifveth thZ "The Lord had laid on him (that is, on Christ ) the iniquities of us all." (Isa. liii. 6.) ''' " the rpT ^""f^'K ^'■'f'y ^y his grice, through «GoJ hatr r; '}uV'' '" Jesus Christ, whom " tiatin - n •* i7 "'■'''*•"«'*) t° be ; propi- nation. (Kom. m. 24, 25.) r t* ^/l/^J. ^"^ ^'^ ^'^^ ^^^^ th^t God hathac. ceptedofthe sacrifice that Christ offered 9 ^" A. I discover this from the whde tenor of ih^ tSL^oi a1C fol.ow?ngr'"="'-'y fr- -h « ChS ^'E '"h ^"'^ '^r^^ °"' L^'^J Jesus «a?onetont"(Rrm.rifr "" ""'"' ''^ "clme'lftl''; ^''."''.^ 'T""'^ '"'"■^elf, and l.e- came obedient unto .loath, even the death of the l^li:^?^^^ 9-^ A'- (f'at is, in token of (( << 1 -.•„ \ . . r: \^"^^ '■^y III tuKcn or inuuauon; iiutii iiighiy exalted him, and 11 Heb. X. ented in erfectly was of- pointed, i. ppoint- lese: lis only in him ? life." 'hrist,) brough whom propi- ith ac- of the Evan- I such Jesus d the id be- of the ten of ) and I I ■ff " given him a name which is above every name. (Philip, ii. 8, 9.) " All things are of God, who hath reconciled us '' to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us " the ministry of reconciliation : to wit, that God " was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself, " not imputing their trespasses unto them." (2 Cor. V. 18, 19.) 22. Q. Is the death or offering up of Christ up- on the cross, to be considered as any thing more than an atonement for sin ? A* Yes : it is also to be considered as the finish- ing part of that obedience to the law of God which Christ undertook to render as "the Lord our right- " eousness:" (Jer. xxiii. 6.) and as he was then in a suffering state, it is usually called his passive (or suffering) obedience ; as his fulfilment of the pre- cepts of the law during his life is called his active obedience. 23. Q. Is not the death of Christ, therefore, held out in Scripture, as the great meritorious cause of all the blessings communicated through the gospel? A. Yes, the Apostle Paul says, (1 Thess. v. 9, 10,) " God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to " obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ, who " died for us, that, whether we wake or sleep, we " should live together with him." 24. Q. Is the par dm of sin ascribed to the death or sacrifice of Christ ? A' Yes. " In him we have redemption through *' his blood, the forgiveness of sins." (Eph, i. 7.) 25. Q. Is peace and reconciliation with God ascribed to the sa^np cfiiise 9 A. Yes : " Ye who sometimes were far off, are 13 1 1. I «made nigh by the blood of Christ, for he is our "peace;" (Eph. ii. 13, 14.) and, " when we were ^^ enemies, we were reconciled to God by the " death of his Son." (Rom. v. 10.) 26. Q. Is the gift of eternal life ascribed to the same cause ? ^^"^17^^ ' ^^ "^"^ Saviour himself savs, ( John vi. ui y»" ''.'' ^""^^^^ "'y ^^s^' and drinketh my "blood, —that is, whoso confideth in the merits of my death,—" hath eternal life, and I will raise '' him up at the last day." 27. Q. Is a meetnessfor heaven ascribed to the same cause ? A, Yes: " The blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth from all sm."(l John i. 7.)-." By the will of Cxod we are sanctified through the ofFerinff of " the body of Jesus Christ, once for all." (Heb. x 10.) '' By one offering Christ hath perfected for "ever them that are sanctified." (Heb. x. 14.) 28. Q. Are not all these blessings, the7i, 'set be- Jore us m the hohj Sacrament of the Supper ? A, Yes : in that ordinance Jesus Christ is held out to us, and we see him by faith, as our salvation, in the most extensive sense of the word— as " made " of God unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption." (1 Cor. i. 30.) 29. Q. Whj should ive partake of this ordi- nance ? "^ A, For several strong and important reasons. tJU. Q. What is your first reason or motive f A, Christ, to whose authority we are subject, has commanded us to "do this in remembrance ~' ' , " •' ' '" ^^ '^"* iincicst, iis wen as our auty, to obey him in every particular. 31. A. ^ i this ord much a Ihimself ^"mandi is beari lin dyini t 32. ( i ^' ^ |up the iour ow ^sense, t . A. 1 ^opporti jour fait ipul. '^ession A. ^ ;" soeve !<* confe! j" vcn. r" him v f " in he confess] |denyin^ 35. ( ^culiarli raith f A. I Iparticul Irinkin 13 he is our we were by the ed to the (^ John vi. iketh my e merits vill raise ed to the leanseth J will of aring of Heb. X. !cted for 14.) , set he- }er ? is held ilvation, " made 3SS, and . 30.) s ordi" ions. )tive ? subject, jbrance (r uu t)'» 31. Q. What is your second reason f A. V/e should love Christ; and partaking of this ordinance is an expression oflove^to him, inas- much as it is complying with his injunction ; for he Ihimself hath said, '^ If ye Icve me, keep my com- |"mandments ;" (John xiv. 15.) and inasmuch as it ^is bearing our testimony to his goodness and mercy |in dying for us. f 32. Q, What is your third reason ? I A. This ordinance is one great means of keeping |up the remembrance of Christ in the world and in aour own hearts ; and he deserves, in an eminent fsense, to be held in everlasting remembrance. * 33. Q. What is your fourth reason ? A. The Sacrament of the Supper is an excellent ^opportunity of professing, publicly and solemnly, four faith in Jesus, and our attachment to his gos- jpol. I 34. Q. Are you hound to make a public prO' ifession of your faith f I yl. Yes : Our Saviour has said strongly, " Who- ■" soever shall confess me before men, him will I |<* confess also before my Father which is in hea- I" ven. But whosoever shall deny me before men, ^" him will I also deny before my Father which is l-^in heaven;" (Matth. x. 32, 33.) and surely, not confessing Christ, must be considered as equal to denying him. 35. Q. Why is the ordinance of the Supper pe- culiarly fitted for the puypose of professing our %ith ? A* Because the eye of the world is then more s : and because by eatin Ipari L'ly ujjun »y -J rinking at the Lord's Table, we give our assent B m K )f 14 to the doctrine of the cross, which lies at the very fiation of the gospel, and is the chief cause of offence to its adversaries. 36. Q. What is your newt reason ( A. The Sacrament of the Supper is a powerfol mean of strengthening and Improving the most im- r»nrtant ffraces of the divine nie. portant^ra^s^ rfo«. it operate in strengthemng ""/if strengthens our faith by giving us a lively reptsentation^f the great and interesting doctrine of Ihe atonement, which makes Christ so worthy of our most unreserved confidence. 38. Q. How does it improve the grace of repent- """a ^Bv showing in the strongest manner possible, the^'exSng sinfulness of sin, ^^I^^Go^Jo.U not Dardon without the sacrifice of his own &on , ^ S by thus naturally leading us to hate it with a more perfect hatred, to feel a greater sorrow on Tcount of having committed it, and to be more de- termined to avoid it in our future conduct. 39. Q. How does it improve our love and gra- titude to Jesus Christ? , . -i , A.^r^cf to >1 Bv setting him forth as voluntarily dymg to avert' thi divine displeasure from our souh, and to restore us to the favour and friendship of God. -40. a. How does it improve our love to mankind.^ A. By reminding us of the value of (he huma. soi^, manifested in the sacrifice which Christ offer- ed for its salvation ; and by associating us toge he . : .-^:„„„oo ^h\oh Pxhibits " the great love u wherewith God hath loved us ;" (Eph. u. 4.) tor .* if God so loved us, we ought to love one anc ttther.'' (1 Johniv. 11.) 41. Q of the 1 A. It the affll of sin ai 42. ( sciousni A, Ii Christ guilt, ai pend fo 43. i of our •^ A.\ body ai that he that he us froi his hea 44. < of tern' of our covena is our make " mor( (2 Co 45. in2[ of ^A. theG tance I 1 y. wine 15 le very luse of lowerful aost im- 'ihening I a lively doctrine ) worthy f repent' possible, 3d would iwn Son ; it with a orrow on more and gra- J dying to lis, and to God. mankind? ^ he human Ihrist offer- US together great love iI.4.)"for e one ano- 41. Q. What is your next reason for partaking I of the Lord's Supper ? A. It is a source of great consolation under all the afflictions to which we are subject in this state of sin and imperfection. I 42. Q. How does it comfort us under the con- (sciousness of guilt f A. It sets before us that perfect sacrifice which I Christ offered, and God accepted of, for human i guilt, and on which, therefore, we may safely de- ■ pend for pardon and reconciliation. ' 43. Q. How does it comfort us under the sense \ of our spiritual weakness and danger 9 A. We see in the memorials of Christ's broken body and shed blood, a solemn pledge or promise that he who thus died for us will never forsake usj that he will help our infirmities, that he will defend us from our enemies, and conduct us in safety to f^ his heavenly kingdom. 44. Q. How does it comfort us under the burden ?^ i of temporal distress 9 "®" I A. We behold in the bread and wine, as emblems of our Redeemer's sacrifice, the seal of that gracious covenant by which God, the disposer of every event, is our compassionate heavenly Father, who will make the afflictions of this life " work for us a far " more exceeding and eternal weight of glory." (2 Cor.iv. 17.) 45. Q. What is your next reason for partak- ing of the Lord's Supper 9 A, It is an appointed tokan of our acceptance of the Gospel, and of God's favour to us, if our accep- tance is sincere : for Christ said, when he gave the wine to his disciples, " This cup is the New Testa- 16 |8Ki " ment, (or as it might be translated the New Co- " venant) in my blood." 46. Q. How do you explain yoitrselfi when the Gospel is considered as the Testament^ or last will of our Saviour ? A, In this case the sacramental wine represents the blood or death of Christ the Testator, with which he purchased the blessings that he bequeaths ; and when we partake of the wine we declare at once our firm belief in the merits of his death, and our cor- dial reception of the blessings that he conveys to us by his Testament or Gospel. 47. Q. How do you explain yourself when the Gospel is considered as a Covenant ? A. In this view the blood of Christ is the seal by which the new Covenant is ratified ; and when we drink the wine, as representing the blood of Christ, we declare our acceptance of that covenant, and bind ourselves to fulfil all the engagements un- der which it lays us. J 48. Q. Were not these engagements entered into when you were baptized ? A, Yes \ by having the sacrament of Baptism administered to me, I was solemnly and truly en- gaged to be the Lord's ; but as, on account of my infancy, I could not give my own consent to what was done, I partake of the Lord's Suppor to renew my baptismal engagements by a conscious and vo- luntary dedication of myself to God through Jesus Christ, into whom I was baptized ; and this re- newal of my baptismal engagements I make as often as I partake of the Lord's Supper. ACi Wfiut rcsr^^^ Lord's Slipper differ .^ .yjfjcvc viO JL^ >■* /v-v J* ^^J^/^M A, B i Lord's I our reg I latter is I derive i to infai to " exi admitte ] Christ- nuance * trines a 50. ( agree ? A. 1 both re chase; thev be ness in tinued I 51. < of the . t A ] and fe] words i he is ( <' havir that tl " Tabl lowshi] 52. you he A. Suppe with c 17 jw Co- \en the ist will resents 1 which s ; and tice our ur cor- veys to hen the he seal d when lood of venant, nts un- f entered baptism uly en- t of my ;o what 3 renew md vo- h Jesus this re- nake as s. ,ii A. Baptism is to be administered but once — the Lord's Supper frequently : the former is a sign of our regeneration and "putting on Christ" — the latter is a sign of the spiritual nourishment that we derive from him : the former may be administered to infants — the latter to such only as are able to " examine themselves :" by the former we are admitted, or initiated, into the visible chiirch of Christ^ — by the latter we profess our willing conti- nuance in the church, and our adherence to its doc- trines and laws. 30. Q. In what respect do these two ordinances agree ? A, They are both of divine appointment : they both represent Christ and the benefits of his pur- chase ; thev are both seals of the same covenant ; thev both iay us under peculiar obligations to holi- ness in heart and life : and they are both to be con- tinued in the church till Christ's second coming. 51. Q. What is your nextreason for partaking of the Lord's Supper 9 f A, It is an open testimony of our communion and fellowship with Christ ; as we learn from the \ words of the apostle Paul, (I Cor. x. 20, 21.) when " he is dissuading the Corinthians from idolatry, or / " having fellowship with devils," on the ground that they were already " partakers of the Lord's " Table ;" and in this way had declared their fel- lowship with Christ. 52. Q. Have you any other reason beside those you have already mentioned ? A. There is one more, and it is this : — the Lord's Supper is an opportunity of holding communion with one another, as believers in Christ ; since by r >f It I 18 eating and drinking the memorials of his death at the same table, we declare our willing participation in all the blessings which his death has secured for us, and our Christian union and friendship, as members of his body, which is the Church. 53. Q. From what passage of Scripture does this appear ? A, From the following : «« The cup of blessing " which we bless, is it not the communion of the " blood of Christ ? The bread which we break, is "it not the communion of the body of Christ? For " we being many, are one bread and one'body ; for " we are all partakers of that one bread." 7 1 Cor. x. 16, 17.) ^ 54. Q. Since there are so many strong reasons for partaking of*he Lord's Supper, are not those extremely culpable who wilfully neglect this ordi- nance 9 A. Yes : it is so positively enjoined by Christ ; it is such a becoming expression of our attachment to him ; and is so well fitted to promote our spirit- ual improvement, ihat nothing but the most serious obstacle can justify such as absent themselves from the Lord's Table. 55. Q. Are all persons, ivhatever he their prin- ciples and character, entitled to partake of this ordinance ? A. No : it is necessary for us to possess certain qualifications, in order to partake of it with pro- priety and advantage. ^Q, Q. What is the duty of those who are con- scious that they do not possess these qualifications 9 A. It is their duty, not to abstain from the or- dinance, but to endeavour immediately and ear- 19 death at icipation :ured for ship, as • ure does blessing n of the break, is ist? For )dy ; for L Cor. X. reasons lot those lis ordi' Christ ; ichment ir spirit- t serious VQS from • I nestly to acquire the requisite qualifications, and then to take the first opportunity of communicating that occurs. 57. Q. What is the unworthy communicating of which the Apostle Paid speaks in the eleventh chapter of the First Epistle to the Corinthians ? A. It is partaking of the Lord's Supper as if it were a common meal> and eating and drinking at it even to excess. 58. Q. What was the consequence of the Corin^ thians acting in this manner ? A. We are told that visible judgments were in- flict 3d on them : " for this cause," says the Apostle, '' many are weak and sickly among you, and " many sleep" — that is, the sleep of death. 59. Q. Are we liable to the same crime for which the Corinthians were so remarkably punished ? A. No : the manner in which the ordinance is conducted among us renders it impossible for us to eat and drink unworthily, in the same sense in which they are said to have done so. 60. Q. When may we be said to ''eat and drmk " unworthily,'' and be " guilty of the body and, " blood of the Lord f A. When we go to the Lord's Table from im- proper motives ; when we do not possess the neces- sary qualifications ; when we attend without suit- able preparation ; when we engage in the ordi- nance with an undevout spirit, and in a careless or irreverent manner ; or when we do not study or apply it to the purposes for which it is designed. 61. Q. Is not such conduct both wicked and prejudicial 9 Aw Yes : it is wicked, because it is a profanation 20 !:fe- mi of that which our Saviour hath made sacred, and, therefore, an offence to him whom it is our first duty to please ; and it is prejudicial, because it prevents that spiritual improvement which the or- dinance is intended to promote, and which is ne- cessary for our present and our future welfare. 62. Q. What is thefirst step to he taken hy those who propose to partake of the Lord's Supper ? A. A serious and impartial self-examina-tion, in order to know whether they are sufficiently quali- fied, or in what particular graces they ?ro deficient. " Let a man examine hirnseliV says Paul, (1 Cor. xi. 28.) " and so let him eat of that bread, and " drink of that cup." . 63. Q. What are the qualificaHons which they ought to possess ? mi- o • A. They are such as are prescribed m Scrip- ture, or suggested by the nature and ends of the ordinance ; and may be reduced under these five heads— Knowledge, Faith, Repentance, Love, and New Obedience. 64. Q. W^hat is the knowledge that IS required/ A. Knowledge to " discern the Lord's body." 65. Q. Whatdoesthe Apostle strictly mean hy " discerning the Lord's hody T A. He means, distii.: uishing between the sacra- ment of the Supper ar' . '■ ordinary feast, which two things the Corintnmiis had been guilty of con- founding. 1» T 1 66. Q. May not " discerning the Lord s body he justly taken in a larger sense ? A. Yes : it may signify being acquainted with wine re] eating i tion of I is a met on the ^ 67. ( ever gr A. > tensive : which V have to nal life. (68. ( A. I •frequen ^ of the ^ from g' books ^ 69. ( knoivle A. 1 the do( tained i in so i cation. (Col. i. " with " do7n icompa I A. : also the p natiire and various uses of the msti- Jronver tution : knowing, for instance, that the bread ana s onven horn t 21 and, p first use it tie or- is ne- j. I those ler ? ion, in quali- ficient. 1 Cor. d, and :h they Scrip- 1 of the 3se five ve, and mired 9 ody." nean hy e sacra- , which of con- 's body ted with le insti- ead and wine represent Christ as our sacrifice, and that our eating and drinking represents our cordial recep- tion of Christ in that capacity ; that this ordinance is a mean appointed by the Saviour, for carrying on the work of sanctification in our souls, &:c. 67. Q. Is it sufficient to have a Tcnowledgey how- ever great, of this ordinance inerely 9 A. No : our knowledge must be much more ex- tensive; it must embrace the various doctrines [which we are to believe, and the various duties we have to perform, in order to our attainment of eter- Inal life. 68. Q. Whence is this knowledge to he derived 9 A. From the Holy Scriptures, which should be [frequently and carefully read : from the preaching lof the word, and other stated means of instruction ; from godly conversation; and from those religious books which may help us to understand the Bible. 69. Q. Should not you always study to have your ^knowledge accompanied tvith understanding 9 A. Yes : although I knew all the facts, and all ■ the doctrines, and all the precepts that are con- tained in the Bible, yet these are useful to me only ,^n so far as I understand their meaning and appli- Ication. And, therefore, Paul and Timothy prayed, (Col. i. 9.) that the Colossians " might be filled l" with the knowledge of Christ's will, in all wis- dom and spiritual understanding,^^ 70. Q. Is knowledge sufficient'^ then, if it he aC' :ompanied vnth understamding 9 A. No : it is not even then sufficient, unless it is also reduced to practice in our daily life and •nnvprsaiion • for tn thp nnssno-a inst now Quoted from the Epistle to the Colossians, it is added, as Ui 22 i I Shi the great use and purpose of knowledge, " that ye " might walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleas- " ing, being fruitful in every good work." In an- other place (1 Cor. xiii. 2.) Paul says, " though " I understand all mysteries, and all knowledge, " and have not charity," (that charity which is the fulfilling of the law,) " I am nothing." And our Saviour has said, (John xiii. 17.) " If you know " these things, happy are ye if ye do them :" — thus making our happiness depend, not so much on our knowledge, as our prpctice. 71. Q. Whi/ is knowledge necessary as a quali- Jication for communicating ? A. Because, if I have remained ignorant with the revelation of God in my handc, I have commit- ted a great sin against him, in thus " loving dark- " ness rather than light," (John iii. 19.) and if I have been unable to procure sufficient knowledge, still it wouM be absurd and dangerous to engage in a religious solemnity without proper motives, which my ignorance of the gospel would prevent me from having. 72. Q. What is faith in Jesus Christ ? A. " Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, " whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for " salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel."* 73. Q. What reason have you to believe in the missiom and doctrines of Christ 9 A. 1. I believe in Clirist, because in him were fulfilled great variety of prophecies, that were ut- tered some ages before he appeared ; and by him were wrought many miracles, or wonderfid^works, « Assembly's Shorter Catechism. 23 ' that ye JI pleas- In an- though owledge, :h is the And our ou know ») lem so much a quali- ant with commit- ng dark- and if I owledge, engage motives, 1 prevent g grace, ■ilone for spel."* ^)e in the iim were were ut- l by him lUworks, '^ which " no man could do except God were with - him." (John iii. 2.) This I know on the evi- dence of testimony more powerful than what was ever employed to establish the truth of any other fact-the testimony of a great number of witness- es, of irreproachable characters ; who showed no symptoms of enthusiasm ; who were capable ot judg- ing of what they saw and heard; whose declara- tions were consistent, although made at different times, in different languages, and m different cir- cumstances ; whose evidence was contrary at once to their strongest prejudices and their worldly in- lerest; who, notwithstanding, gave it boldly and distinctly; who maintained it by a life of danger and suffering ; and who (many of them at least) sealed it with their blood, amidst tortures and m \ i believe in the religion of Christ, because it ■ is worthy of God to promulgate, and every way suitable to the nature and circumstances ot man ; because it contains the sublimest truths and the purest system of morality that were ever taught- and because, with all this excellence, ii was pub- lished not only at a time when the world around was grossly mistaken with respect to the very first principles of Religion and Morals, but also by men who had received no education, and who were utterly unqualified of themselves for teaching man- 3 * I believe in the religion of Christ, because, although it was universally resisted by interested priests and civil rulers, bv bigoted Jews and idol- atrous mobs ; although it opposed tne wnoie cur- rent of religious opinion, and condemned the most ii iff m 24 favourite practices that prevailed in these times; although it was preached by none almost but men of low birth, without force, without learning, and without influence; although the most efTectual means that can be imagined were made use of to crush and destroy it : yet, in spite of all these dis- advantages, it made such a rapid and triumphant progress, that in the space of thirty years after the death of Christ it was diffused over the greatest part of the then known world; which astonishing success can be reasonably ascribed to nothinf>- else than the power of God accompanying the labours of the Apostles. 4. Lastly, I believe in Christ, because he deliv- ered several prophecies which were afterwards most exactly fulfilled : — one, in particular, of the destruc- tion of Jerusalem, which was so circumstantially foretold, and so minutely accomplished, that we should consider the language of our Saviour ratlier as a history than a prediction of the event, were we not certainly informed of the contrary. 74. Q. Brforc ijou can properly receive or he- lieve in^ Christ, must not you he sensible ofyouT need of a Saviour ? A. Yes : I must be sensible that I am guilty be- fore God ; that I cannot of myself merit his pardon and favour, and that I am undone for ever, unless some gracious and powerful lledeemer interposes in my behalf. 75. Q. Must not you he also persuaded that Christ issuch aRedcemcr as you stand in need of? A. Yes : I must be convinced that he is willing to save me : that he is as able as he is willing; thai he has been sent of God for this very purpose ; and Ithat his :epted < 76. ( Christ Uo heliei A. \ Jesus C liot accc tions. Priest, J offices t 77. C Prophe A. I me by \ 78. q A. I has ato: gion for 79. C A. I qiply to Vern me ^ 80. C ment of A. II which V, Christ. God jus iepts of ©ously ^\v accf MBstruni! oritori 25 3 times; but men ing, and effectual se of to lese dis- umpbant ifter the greatest onishing ling else labours le deliv- rds most destruc- tantially that we r rather nt, were e or he- of y OUT lilty be- ! pardon , unless terposes ^ed that eed off wilhng ig; thai; Je ; and [that his mediation and atonement have been ac- lepted of as perfect and satisfactory. 76, Q. Is it not necessary that you receive \Christ in all his offices and characters, in order ^o believe on him aright ? ;. A. Yes : it is absolutely necessary that I receive ^Jesus Christ just as he is offered in the gospel, and |iot according to my own private views and inclina- lions. I must receive him as my Prophet, as my {*riest, and as my King, which are the three great ffices that he executes as our Redeemer. 77. Q. How do you receive Christ as your ^rophet ? A. I am ignorant ; and I take him to instruct ine by his word and spirit in divine things. * 78. Q. How do you receive him as your Priest 9 A. I am guilty ; and I trust in him as one who las atoned for my guilt, and is making interces- »on for me at the right hand of God. 79. Q. How do you receive him as your King ? A. I am naturally weak and perverse ; and I fpply to him to protect me by his power, and go- lem me bv his laws. * 80. Q. TVIiat is faith, considered as the instru- ment of our justification before God? ^' A. It is si» iply that principle of the heart by which we accept and trust in the righteousness of Christ. For the sake of this righteousness alone rod justifies us ; that is, pardons our sins and ac- »pts of our persons ; in order to which he is gra- iously pleased to impute it to us ; or place it to \Y account. And fiiitli is, as it were, the hand or istruiiiont With \vhu>h leritorious gift. /■•rut'r* urKi nz-kl/l fn VUXTV tlUVt lJ'_-X\,t til \\rc% vn- 26 81. Q. Is not true faith always a living and practical principle 9 A. Yes : wherever true faith exists, it fails not to " purify the heart," (Acts xv. 9.) " to work " by love," (Gal. v. 6.) and to " overcome the « world." (1 John v. 4.) To think, therefore, that we have saving faith, whilst we are not " careful "to maintain good works," (Tit.iii. 14.) is a gross and fatal error. 82. Q. Why is faith necessary for partaking worthily of the Lord's Supper? A. Because, if I do not believe in Christ as a true messenger from God, I cannot with any propriety do what is designed to keep him in grateful re- membrance ; for this would be to commemorate an impostor :— if I have no trust in the merits of his death, I cannot with any propriety partake of the Sacramental elements ; for these represent the per- fect sacrifice for sin which he offered up when he died on the cross :-~if I do not confide in him as an all-sufficient Saviour, I cannot reasonably ex- pect to receive any blessing from his hand when I approach him in this ordinance ; and therefore my approach would be in vain. 83. Q. What is the just and simple notion oj repentance ? A. It is turning from sin unto God. 84. Q What is the first step of repentance ? A. The first step of our rppentance is enter- taining a just view of sin. 85. Q. What is the view of sin which you shouU PMtp.vtniifi 9 A. I should consider it as that abominable thin<] which the Lord hates ; as that which is contrary 1a his will which ] in the w human the des 86. ( of sin c A. ■! which stained withoui and wl •7. having A. ] to hat( mourn am lee duty ai endea\ " of C( 88. reasor to red A. I coul( ed hii or fall 89. A. 90. A. X tion f A which 27 ring and fails not to work come the fore, that " careful is a gross artaking it as a true propriety ateful re- norate an its of his ke of the it the per- when he in him as nably ex- id when 1 refore mj notion oj Yitance ? J is enter- you shouU lable thing contrary to \is will, and injurious to his perfections, as Jvat which has introduced all the misery that prevails in the world ; as that which dishonours and degrades human nature; and as that which tends directly to *the destruction of the soul. ^ 86. Q. But must not you be sensible or convinced of sin as something attached to yourself? ; A, Yes : I must regard it as something with which my own heart and character are deeply ^stained; as that which I have committed times without number, in thought, in word, and in deed, land which in my case has been highly aggravated. * %7. Q. What are the proper consequences oJ i having these views of sin 9 ^^ ^ a A. From these views of sin, I am naturally led to hate it as a most odious quality : I am led to , mourn for it with a sincere and godly sorrow ; 1 am led to forsake its ways, and to return to my duty and my God with firm resolutions and earnest endeavours to be henceforth " holy in all manner " of conversation." (1 Peter, i. 15.) 88. Q. Can you return to God without having > reason to hope 'that he will graciously condescend to receive you ^ -i i .i A. No : if I had no reason to cherish that hope, ' I could not dare to approach God after having offend- ed him so much, but would either continue in sin or fall into despair. , . 7 r 7 9 89. Q. Have you reason to cherish that hope f A. Yes : great and abundant reason. 90. Q. What is it ? A. God has sent forth his own Son^as a propitia- ion for sin ; and in consldcratluu of the siicrinec w\m\\ Christ offered up, and the memorials of 28 .■**<« which we celebrate at his table, he has declared his willingness to receive all true penitents to fh^ enjoyn,ent ofhis mercy and favou^ Ha L: this way., and to return unto the Lord, who will " t" "SvT.) "'" ^"-^ ^''""^-% P-do„ A. By Its producing a life and conversation conformable to the will of God, as reveakdT 'h^ 9-2. Q. Do you look on repentance as any kind of aton^nentfor the sins which you ^ or sa^V A. JNo : It cannot be so in the sight of God ment ot Christ. Repentance is merely that moral change which a holy God requires of usf and wrch maie'thT"*"" °?'^ ^r^ ^^ -« -abided to make, that we may be qualified for being admitted nto heaven, and is itself acceptable to him, onlv through the merits of a Redeemer. ' ^ /„x • ^, ^ " repentance necessary for var. taking worthily of the Lord's Supper / ^ ^ Christ', "^r *'''%^'*<^':a«'ent is a memorial of Christ s " suf.enng for sin ;" and to celebrate that mfn don to'f ""I"" 'H'"'-™^^ ''^ ^'"' -'' '^ de^er- in " tZ'^uS/of CI? T'' '\r ^^'''^?*'^*» 11. huiicrings ot Ciirist, and to provoke tho displeasure of the God of ordinances, ^ho is "of purer eyes than to look on iniquity.' '(Hab. i. 13 ) . • ^' io.'^nom zs your love to be exercised 9 mankind" ''""' *° ''"''''' '"^ '" <^"'' ^--^thren of 9 '>. Q. Wiy should we love God ? Ci m w 29 s declared tnts to the aving this My wicked who will ly pardon how itself iversation ed in the ony kind ike 9 of God. he atone- tiat moral id which, nabled to admitted im, only for par- lorial of rate that a dcter- lently to i'oke the ' is <^of b.i. 13.) ^raised 9 hren of A. Because he is possessed of all amiable per- fections, and because " he first loved us." (1 John iv. 19.) 96. Q. Why should we love Jesus f A. Because he is " the brightness of the Fa- '^ ther's glory," (Heb. i. 8.) and because he gave himseii for us to the cursed death of the cross. 97. Q. Should not you love your God and Sa- viour supremely ? A. Yes : " with all my heart, and with all my " soul, and with all my might." (Deut. vi. 5.) 98. Q. What is the best proof of your love to God? A. " Keeping his commandments" is the only substantial and satisfying proof that I can give. 99. Q. Why should you have this love to God and Jesus in order to your hein^ worthy to par- take of the Lords Supper? A. Because the want of it shows that I am not properly acquainted with the divine character, that I have not a just sense of the value of my Redeem- er's sacrifice, and that I am not qualified for hold- ing " fellowship with the Father, and with his Son " Jesus Christ," (1 John, i. 3.) whose love to men is commemorated in this ordinance. 100. Q. Why should we love our brethren of mankind f A. Because they are children of the same hea- venly Father, and subjects of the same dispensa- tion of grace, and because we are expressly com- manded to do so by our Saviour. 101. Q. Should you love all your brethren of mankind alike ? A. No: 1 must have a particular affection for those who arc of '' the household of faith," — for those ¥■ b ' 30 ity ; I must refrain from Wn- jt"'' *"'' "^eral- must relieve theT ^Zltl^l^'V"^ '"^"'•^=1 do them all the good thatTies^ 1 o^n; I must " Fafher ,^il, a" wTve yoTT/^' '^?^'^"'^ "not men their tresDassn/n 'tK -n ^^ '°''«'^« "^J-f-giveyourirSs"'"''^' '°" ^^■ from kit at present ^""^ P'^^i^'^^t'^rli, conclude (that is, with any pisor thlT"' r/'i'"^ ^''""'^r," " my gift before^he aUa anH '^ ^ '^'"'^'^ ''^^^^ "reconciled to my bro £ anJ fh ""^ ^'^y' ^'•«' ^' "my gilt." (Matt. V. 23 af) *'" "°™'^ ^"^ "ff^r ciot £nl;srLtrt7,^«"^^ --P- /^i£»i« ♦ ,. "*^*t^^) ana their otav,^oi A_ :r" -iiiporai interests: ifVithoreforP -rir' A"""" '^^ 'I, I must be nrincinal V / '< ^^^^ *^e^" P"ncipally concerned, as far t at 31 >ir hearts, I. f of man- kindred, nust feel liberal- njury; I ; I must • Scrip- which is 14, 15.) eavenly forgive •ur Fa- ^nclude Joming venge ; 1 there :)ther," I leave rst be i offer iritu- epre- i.1 tiicin them ar a. my instructions, my example, and my prayers will [go, to make them "wise unto salvation." 106. Q. Why must you love your brethren of mankind, in order to partake worthily of the Lord's Supper 9 ^ A. Because this ordinance is only for the dis- ciples of Christ, and he has made brotherly love the very test of our discipleship to him ; " By this," says he, (John xiii. 35.) "shall all men know " that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to "another." And, besides, there is a great absur- dity, as well as gross presumption, in professing to celebratis the memorials of his love to us at the very time that our hearts are burning with hatred, or cold with indifference, towards any of those " for whom he died." 107. Q. What do you understand by New Obe- dience 9 A. Such a piou. and holy deportment, such an abstinance from what is sinful, and such a pursuit of what is good and praiseworthy, as is prescribed in the word of God, and as faith, repentance, and love, are naturally fitted to produce in the case of those in whom these graces have been really and effectually wrought. 108. Q. Why is this obedience called new Obedience 9 A. Because it is the obedience which the true Christian is enabled to yield in consequence of his being regenerated, or becoming what is termed in Scripture {'2 Cor. v. 17.) " a new creature." 109. Q. Is regeneration a doctrine of Scrip' ture 9 A. Yes : our Saviour said to Nicodemus^ (John 32 II f lif m iii. 3.) "Except a man be born again he cannot *< see the kingdom of God ;" and Paul says, (Tit. iii. 5.) " Not by works of righteousness, which " we have done, but according to his mercy he " saved us, by the washing of regeneration and re- ** newingof the Holy Ghost." 110. Q. TVhat is the moral state of man pre- viously to this change ? A. He is backward to good and prone to evil ; " his heart is deceitful above all things, and despe- « rately wicked ;" ( Jer. xvii. 9.) " in his flesh dwell- " eth no good thing ;" (Rom. vii. 18.) « he is dead " in trespasses and sins." (Eph, ii. 1.) &c. 111. Q. What is the general change that takes place when he is broughtfrom this state of corrup- tion ? A. It is described by Paul in these words, ad- dressed to the Ephesians, (Eph. iv. 22, 23, 24.) " That ye put off, concerning the former conversa- " tion, the old man, which is corrupt according to " the deceitful lusts ; and be renewed in the spirit " of your mind ; and that ye put on the new man, << which, after God, is created in righteousness and " true holiness." 112. Q. Bt/ whom is this change wrought? A. It is wrought by the Holy Spirit of God. 113. Q. Is the manner of his operation known to us? A. No : but that is no reason for doubting of the fact, which is clearly stated in the Scriptures, and is evidenced by the effects which are produced ; as our Saviour himself argued with Nicodemus, (John iii. 8.) " The wind bloweth where it listeth," (where it will) "and thou hearest the sound thereof, but cannot s, (Tit. i, which ercy he and re- (in pre- to evil ; 1 despe- h dwell- j is dead at takes cor r up- rds, ad- 23, 24.) onversa- 'ding to tie spirit 3w man, less and ^ht9 rod. known g of the res, and ced ; as , (John (^ where eof, but 33 " canst not tell whence it cometl , and whither it *-goetli; so is every one that is born of the spirit." 114. Q. Are not all the graces of the divine life ascribed to th operations of the Holy Spirit 9 A. Yes : both their foimation and their im- provement are ascribed to him ; and hence we read not only of the "renewing of the Holy " Ghost," but also of the " sanctification of the "Spirit." (1 Thes. ii. 13.) 115. Q. What is the conduct of those who have experienced this change, and are said to yield a Ntw Obedience 9 a A. They are " dead unto sin, but alive unto God, through Jesus Christ our Lord." (Rom. vi. 11.) " They no longer yield their members as "instruments of unrighteousness unto sin," but, under the influence of faith, repentance, and love, " they yield their members as instruments of " righteousness unto God." (Rom. vi. 13.) " They " exercise themselves to have always a conscience " void of offence toward God and men." (Acts xxvi. 16.) " They are righteous before God, " walking in all the commandments and ordinances "of the Lord, blameless." (Luke i. 6.) They " deny ungodliness, and worldly lusts, and live " soberly, and righteously, and godly, in this present "world." (Tit.n. 12.) &c. 116. Q. Must not your obedience to God be the obedience of the heart, as well as of the external conduct 9 A. Undoubtedly : according to the uniform lan- irua _ _- -1? o :.-i- U, it iS tiiu iiuart vviin:ii vjuu pixU- cipally requires, and if that be withheld from him, every thing else is vain and worthless in his sight. .^' t^. / ri> fr- it* 34 '^ 117. Q. M%$t not your obedience he yielded from right principles and motives 9 A. Yes : if my principles and motives are world- ly, impure, or condemned in Scripture, it is evi- dent that the actions flowing from them cannot be acceptable to God. My obedience must proceed, not from a desire to "be seen of men," or to " make gain of godliness," but from a pro- found regard to the authority and glory of God, from a sincere attachment to my Lord and Saviour, from a serious view to the rewards and punishments of a future state, and from other considerations of a similar kind. 118. Q. Must not your obedience be universal 9 A. Yes : the divine law being the only rule by which I ought to regulate my thoughts and actions, and that law admitting of no vicious indulgence, and no neglect of duty, I must study to " cleanse " myself from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit," (2 Cor. vii. 1.) and to be made " perfect in every " good work to do the will of God." (Kcb. xiii. 21.) 119- Q» Must not your obedieiice be constant and progi'essive ? A. Yes : I must be " always abounding in the " work of the Lord ;" (1 Cor. xv. 58.) and have my " path like the shining light, which shineth more " and more unto the perfect day." (Prov. iv. 18.) IfO. Q. In order to partake worthily of the Lord's Supper^ is it necessary to have your obedi- ence in that state of perfection in which you have now described it ? A. No : I should, indeed, study always to obey God as perfectly as his law requires ; but as the Lord's Supper is itself an appointed and most im- hdfrom 5 world- i is evi- cannot e must f>> men, 1 a pro- Df God, Saviour, shments itions of iversal 9 rule by actions, ulgence, cleanse spirit," in every :iii. 21.) 'ionstarit y in the have my fh more V. 18.) i/ of the r ohcdi- ou have to obey t as the lost im- 35 portant mean for enabling me'to yield that obe- dience, I must partake of it with a view to the at- fainmJnt of tha^ery end. It -a privilege wh.eh belongs to those who are " weak, as well as to tht^'who are "strong in the ^^^^^'^^l^^^ are "babes," as well as to those who are "pertect " men in Christ Jesus." m. Q. How far then is New Obedience neces- ^ace, to be henceforth fafthfui and conscientious in the discharge of all mv various duties. /. 122. Q. Why are these sentiments necessary fi « with good things," and <^' our strength from being " renewed as the eagle's." 150. Q. Is not there a kind of experience which some ignorant peojyle look for, hut which you have no reason to expect at the Lord's Table 9 A* Yes : I have no reason to expect any sudden impulse on my understanding, or any violent affec- tion of my heart and feelings ; for though there is nothing to hinder the Spirit of God from operating in that remarkable wav, yet his ordinary method is calm and secret, and the Sacrament of the feupper is one of those means, by which, in a rational man- ner, he works upon our minds and dispositions. 151. Q. What is that kind of experience which the nature of religion in general, and of the Lord s Supper in particular, gives you ground Jor ex- ^^A.'^Ihave ground for expecting that I shall feel that comfort and pleasure which the contemplation, bv faith, of the memorials of Christ's sacrihce is naturally fitted to inspire : that I shall experience more heart-felt sorrow for sin, when I see all that Josus suffered on account of it : that my love to him shall grow more warm and ardent, when 1 be- hold the great price that he generously paid tor my redemption : that all my resentment towards others shall die away in my breast, when I ha^^e such a striking proof of the great mercy o God towards me; and, in short, thai . shall receive more lively and lasting impressions of those infinitely important truths which are built upon the death ot Christ, and essentially connected with the salvation of my soul. , , conduct and experience 152. Q. Wh yo a t the Lord's Table may hare been, are not you 44 bound to fulfil the obligations which the act of communicating implies 9 „*^*T,„Tor(1 A. Certainly : since I have vowed unto the Lord, and since my vow is not only lawful, but highly proper and useful, I am bound, by every considera- tion of duty and of interest, to perform it with the "'T53. ZTwhat conduct does this vow bind you to maintain ? . ., , , ,. -n A. Such a conduct as is prescribed by the will and word of God. "If I have done iniquity in " timi past, I must now endeavour to do no more (Job xxxiv. 32.) If I have been l'™g a stranger to Christ, I mu . now " dervy myself, take up my » cross d^ily, and follow him." (^f Y'^^^O JJ I have neglected the care of my soul, I "YflhTv^ attend to it as " the one thing needful. "I have formerly loved and served my Redeemer, I must now study to love him more, and to serve him better than I hL ever yet done. In short, it must now bo mv great object and busmess, to grow m << graJe,lnd in the knowledge (the saving and prac- " Lai knowledge) of my Lord and Saviour .Jesus « Christ." (^ Pet. iii. 18.) „ , , 154. Q. What are we to think of those who, after partaking of the Lord's Supper give them- selves up as much as ever to the ways oj the wo'> Id "''1.* We should not judge rashly or severely of any ma.. ; but these persons ""^^f """^J y,,^ that thev have not really " been with Christ, ana « tarned of him." Either their profession has not been "sincere, or they are '^^^ }^ ^T" X^!^. tion to the " good profession which they have wit- ■t of iord, iera- L the 3 will ity in lore." anger p my .) If t now [ have must better t now ow in I prac- Jesus ? who, them- world rely of y show t," and has not itradic- ive wit- 45 "nessed;" in both which cases their conduct is "^H'sl "a t'no^ this conduct of theirs extremely ^'^TTef^^^ u o« U iQ a ^reat aggravation ot their gum , ^nH is X remeU Vnjufous to religion because it sets a 'fernTcious example before others, and l\v ahan'dle to wicked and "nbelievxng men to blaspheme, to vilify the gospel, and ridicule its ordinance^. ^^.^^^^^^^ ^j. the gospel, howLriy Lbelieving men, very uncand^d and "T Yes • for the gospel, like every, other sys- te.^- Ju'-stand or ffll 'by its own -n^-»fjv. denies; and -nnf be accountab^ for th^ its professors., ^^h stkns i must on y be when i£:'i:£^S:^^^-' -a^aithfuny A. ^"ff y "* !„'ji ^ade the solemn profession * V ^That ?mE' I should bo especially careful To' dness and mercy which he has manifested in sul ring and dying for your re- demption-from a desire to keep up the remembrance of him in your hearts and in the world— -from a wish to make a public and solemn profession of your faith in the truth of his mission, and in the doctrine of his cross — from a view to the experience of that comfort and that improvement which this ordinance is calculated to impart— from the conviction that it is an appointed token of your acceptance of the Gospel, and of God's favour to you— and f"om the pleasure you expect to feel in holding communion with Christ your Saviour, and with one another as believers in Christ, and expectants of his salvation. If these be your motives, communicants, for partak- ing of this Sacrament, if you have felt in any con- siderable degree their constraining power, and are sincerely desirous to have them confirmed and en- 51 livened, and pressed more powerfully upon your minds — then I would congratulate you on an attain- ment which divine grace alone could confer upon you, and which k a good earnest of the advantages that flow from a service so lovely and divine. I trust also, that you have not presumed to en- gage in this Ordinance without suitable preparation. Have you carefully and impartially examined your- selves as to the state of your heart and character ? Have you laboured to acquire those qualifications which are necessary to make your work of commu- nion acceptable to God, and profitable to yourselves? Has it been your prayer and your endeavour to have all the graces of the Spirit in lively exercise ? And are you now ready to devote yourselves without reserve, in soul and in body, to the service and the glory of the Redeemer? I trust, communicants, that this is your situation in the sight of Him who sees your inmost thoughts, whom it is impossible for you to deceive by any appearances of piety, who is jealous of the honour both of his character and his ordinances, and who will not be mocked with impunity. I trust that you have been paying more than an ordinary attention to the subject, and tak- ing more than ordinary pains to understand its na- ture, and to feel the obligations which it implies. I trust that you have a lively faith *ii the divine mis- sion of him whom you propose to " remember," and a cordial dependanco upon the merits of his death, which you are to show forth. I trust that you have repented sincerely of all your past offences, and that you feel a decided hatred for sin as the cause of your Saviour's su!ferings. I trust that your hearts a*./. ««TMM»v« iirWIi i3in-»t«r»rr«« u-»trp trt \tr\itv tt-rtil 'inil I* o- ni'i TTciiii* rr ivJi ovtj'i v»»x-<- i-.-rt/ iv j-^-i-n -v--! — i ^•^•--•s »^t,- 52 deemer, with kind afifection for one another, and with disinterested benevolence to all mankind. I trust that you have formed the holy resolution of denying yourself to every thing which is contrary to the precepts, or inconsistent with the spirit, of the religion you profess— of performing every duty which is required of you in your various circum- stances and relations— of cultivating that purity of heart, and that righteousness of deportment, which become the followers of Christ, and the expectants of heaven. If, communicants, you are thus faithful, thus penitent, thus affectionate, thus holy in your purposes and your conduct— if you can lay your hand upon your heart, and say with truth that you possess, in any good measure, these necessary qua- lifications—and if, with all those, you are yet hum- bled under a sense of your imperfections, and are earnestly praying for mercy to pardon, and for grace to sanctify, and assist, and guide you— then may we safelv declare, that for you this table is spread, and this "feast prepared, and confidently promise that your service will be acceptable to the God of ordi- nances, and that it will prove '-' a savour of life unto " life" to your souls. cm-. Eat and drink then in remembrance of Christ, according to his dying commandment; and may the Lord himself be with you, to bless you with the comforts of his presence, to accept your offering, to ** grant you accordhig to your own heart, and " fulfil all your petitions 1" 53 AFTER DISTRIBUTING THE ELEMENTS. are Having partaken of the Ordinance of Communion, let me now exhort you to act suitably to the pro- fesssion you have made, ana he privilege you have enjoyed. Live by faith on the Son of God, who loved you and gave himself for you, and whose atoning death you have solemnly commemmorated, as the foundation of all your hope. Renounce sin, in all its various forms and degrees, as that whose odious nature and bitter fruits you have seen ex- hibited in the symbols of Christ's body which was broken, and of his blood which was shed to deliver you from its guilt and power. Be careful to per- form every duty to which you are called, as fol- lowers of him who died that he might " purify you " unto himself, a peculiar people, zealous of good " works." And do not rest satisfied with a mere general or partial obedience — but recollecting that you have given yourselves away to God, study to be righteous before* him, "walking in all his command- ments, and in all his ordinances, blameless." Re- member that this is necessary, both for your own salvation, and for the credit of your religion in the world — that unless you are thus faithful, and cir- cumspect, and holy, you mar your spiritual com- fort — unfit yourselves for entering into heaven — bring discredit on that worthy name by which you are called — and do material, incalculable injury to the everlasting interests of your brethren. And to encourage and support you in the path of righteous- m^:J<£t 'a. ,r-.-J . 54 ness, reflect often on the engagements which you have contracted at a communion table— -habitually anticipate that period, when he who "was once "offered to bear the sins of many, shall appear the " second time, without sin unto salvation — and ter- vently pray for the aids of that divine Spirit, who is promised to them that ask him, and who will make . you " meet to be partakers of the inheritance ot " the saints in light." Now " the God of peace, that « brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that « great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood ot « the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every " good work to do his will, working in you that which " is well-pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; " to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. THE END. I! >» ^