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 THE 
 
 CALEDONIA SPRINGS, 
 
 THEIR ORIGIN AND HISTORY. 
 
 \ONTREAL, 1867. 
 
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 ■•«■ 
 
 CALEDONIA SPRINGS, 
 
 THEIR OEirxIN AND HISTORY. 
 
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 MONTREAL, 1867. 
 
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 PREFACE. 
 
 There is a time in the history of every place, whose posi- 
 tion or attractions combine to render it an object of general 
 interest, when facts and information respecting its paft, 
 present, and probable future, should be made known. That 
 time has arrived in the history of the " Caledonia Springs," 
 at one time well known and celebrated as a fashionable resort 
 for health and pleasure-seekers, and now again, ^^nder new 
 auspices, claiming to take its stand among watering-places as 
 
 of old. 
 
 Under these circumstances, a brief recital of their origin 
 and history, prefixed to an accurate chemical analysis of the 
 variou'? springs and followed by medical and other tescimony 
 to their value and health-giving efficacy, is called for, and 
 the present work is designed to supply the want. 
 
 
THE CALEDONIA SPKINGS. 
 
 " Man is born unto trouble aa the sparks i\y U[)war(l," is 
 the undeniable assertion of Scripture, the truth of which is 
 especially exemplified in "the ills which flesh is heir to ;" 
 for it is in man's physical frame that are sown the seeds of 
 disease and sufteriag, and the harvest of all subsequent ills 
 reaped ; hence, in all ages of the human race the attention 
 of the learned and philanthropic has been direc*'ed to their 
 amelioration and effective cure ; the animal, vegetable, and 
 mineral kingdoms, have each been laid under tribute to effect 
 this, and the result of all these years of study and accumu- 
 lated learning and wisdom seems to be, that nature herself is 
 the best restorer of health. Yet this is no new doctrine, nor 
 is it the result of modern investigation and science — those 
 giants in intellect, the Greeks, the lordly Romans, yea, and the 
 mighty nations who preceded them by many centuries, were 
 not unacquainted with the marvellous virtues and healing 
 properties possessed and bestowed by nature, more particu- 
 larly by means of mineral springs welling up in certain well- 
 known and much freiiuented localities. Deities were sup- 
 posed to have special charge of such, and to them were 
 special offerings and supplications made. The Bible itself 
 bears testimony to the use of such restoratives among the 
 Jews. Nor need we go so far from home seeking examples ; 
 the untutored children of the forest in our own land knew and 
 rightly valued the benefits to be derived from the use of such 
 waters. Salt springs were ever the favorite resort of the 
 deer and the deer-hunter, and thither too resorted the Indian 
 matron and maiden, whose imagination led them to bestow 
 unlimited credit upon the wonderful properties of the life- 
 giving fountain. 
 
 Canada, with a climate unsurpassed for salubrity, is second 
 to no country in the number and excellence of its mineral 
 
springs, and chief among tl\om all arc undoubtedly what 
 have been termed the " Caledonia Springs," whoso history 
 and properties wc are now about to investigate. 
 
 Long ere the " pale face" brought civilization to the 
 shore;; of the Ottawa, or the Kound of the settler's axe echoed 
 through the forests of Canada, the moccasined foot of the 
 Indian trod the swampy and intricate fastnesses of Caledonia, 
 ■where beaver was plentiful and deer abounded, one spot being 
 specially celebrated as the abode of the " Great MoUcine,"'' 
 and althou^'h the " red man" gave place to the " pale face," 
 the locality was too well defined to be entirely lost sight of— 
 the weary hunters drank often and deeply of the waters, ainl 
 their reports led to their general use l»y the nearer settlers. 
 In 1806, the Hon. Mr. Grant, and some years later Mr. 
 Kellogg, had their attention drawn to them by their pcculia: 
 taste and odor, and their efficacy in certain diseases. Mr. 
 Kellogg erected near at hand a temporary building, which 
 was soon succeeded by a more habitable structure, and visi- 
 tors from a distance began to arrive to test the efficacy of 
 the waters which had now acquired considerable celebrity. 
 In 1835, Mr. Lemuel Cushing purchased the springs, and in 
 the following year sold them to Mr. William Parker, who, 
 with commendable zeal and energy, set about their imme- 
 diate improvement. Hitherto they rose in the middle of a 
 dark and turbid stream, the outlet of a neighboring swamp — 
 the stream was turned aside and made to floAv through 
 another channel, thus securing the mineral waters from 
 tho drainage of the marsh — a vigorous attack was made 
 upon the surrounding forest and a good clearance effected — 
 moreover, extensive preparations were made for providing in- 
 creased accomodation to strangers. In 1838 a Company was 
 formed under the name of the " Caledonia Springs Com- 
 pany," and the improvements begun in the previous year 
 pushed forward with increased vigor — a bath house was 
 erected— roads opened— a Post Office established and a re- 
 gular line of stages run. Visitors flocked In from all parts of 
 Canada and the United States, a large village soon sprung 
 
6 
 
 • • 
 
 into existence, and the nanio and fame of the " Calodonia 
 iSprinjjjs" established beyond the possil.ulity of a doubt as the 
 " Saratoga of Canada." In 184<;, Mr. J. L. Wilkinson be- 
 came sole Proprietor, and retained possession of them until 
 1800 whon they were purchased by the Hon. Oeorge Craw- 
 ford ; the following year witnessed the complete destruction 
 by fire not only of the magnificent hotel which had been 
 erected, but also of all the outhouses and buildings connected 
 with it. Mr. Lemuel Cushing again purchased them in 
 1802, made some much needed repairs in the drainage of the 
 neighboring swamp, and in cleaning out and restoring tho 
 springs and finally in 1800, united with the lion. John Ha- 
 milton and R. "VV. Shepherd, Esq., in purchasing a thousand 
 acres of land adjoining and surrounding them, ar 1 raising a 
 joint stock Company under the name of the " Caledonia 
 Springs Con -any" with a capital of -1(50,000. Already have 
 the Company erected and furnished a splendid new Hotel of 
 solid masonry, capable of accommodating two hundred guests, 
 and in beauty and comfort far excelling its ill-starred pre- 
 decessor. The bowling alloys and billiard rooms have been 
 rebuilt — the baths increased in number and fitted up with 
 every convenience, and no expense spared to restore these 
 once famous springs to the position they formerly so notedly 
 and deservedly occupied. 
 
 ANALYSES OF THE WATERS. 
 
 A chemical analysis of the Saline, Sulphur and Gas springs 
 was first made by Dr. J. R. Chilton, of jNew York, in 1830, 
 and. of the Intermittent spring by James Williamson, Esq., of 
 Queen's College, Kingston, in 1843, but a more full and 
 complete one of all four, was made in 1847 by Dr. Sterry 
 Hunt for the Provincial Geological Survey, of which the fol- 
 lowing, with some extracts from his report to Sir Wm. Logan, 
 is a summary. 
 
 THE CALEDONIA SPRINGS.' 
 
 These springs are four in number ; the waters rise through the 
 strata of clay which overlie a rock equivalent to the Trenton lime- 
 
stone. Three of them, k"-wn as the " Gas Sprinc," the "Saline 
 Spring,' and the " White Sulphur Spring," are situated within a 
 distance of four or five rods, and the mouths of the latter two are 
 not m(Te than four feet apart. The fourth, known as the ♦' In- 
 termitting Spring," is situated about two miles distant, nnd is 
 much more saline than the others. The first three are alkaline, 
 the sulphur spring strongly so, while tho latter contains in solution 
 a great quantity of earthy chlorids. No.e of these waters are what 
 are called " acidulous saline," a character which is due to the pre- 
 sence of large quantities of carbonic acid, and - jndcrs them pungent 
 to the taste, and sparkling like champagne; to this the Seltzer and 
 Saratoga waters owe their peculiar characters. The quantity of 
 this acid found in these waters, is no more than is required to form 
 bicarbonates with the bases present. 
 
 I.— The "Cftts Sjiring." 
 
 The waters of this spring were "ollected on the 27th of Septem- 
 ber, 1847. The temperature of the air being 61.7° Fahrenheit, 
 that of the spring was 44.4. The discharge was ascertained by 
 careful measurement to be four gallons per minute, a quantity 
 which is little subject to variation. The water in the well is kept 
 in constant agitation by the escape of carburetted hydrogen gas, 
 which is evclv?d in considerable quantity. It was roughly estimated 
 at the time to be 300 cubic inches a minute, but the discharge, as 
 I was informed, is often much more abundant. 
 
 The specific gravity of the water was found to be 100G.2. It 
 is pleasantly saline to the taste, but not at all bitter; by exposure 
 to the air it gradually deposits a white sediment of earthy car- 
 bonates. Its reaction is distinctly alkaline to test papers. 
 
 The examination of the unconcentrated water shewed the pre- 
 sence of chlorine, calcium and magnesium, but when the liquid is 
 concentrated by iDoiling, the whole of those bares are precipitated 
 as carbonates, and the clear liquid is alkaline, yielding with a solu- 
 tion of chloi id of barium a copious precipitate of carbonate, whic1< 
 Is dissolved by hydrochloric acid, leaving only a small quantity of 
 sulphate of baryta. The alk iline liquiJ being evaporated to dry- 
 ness, and the residue digested with alcohol, the .solution gave evi- 
 dence of the presence of both bromine and iodine ; the saline residue 
 was found to consist of salts of sodium with a small portion of 
 chloride of potassium — The precipitate of earthy carbonates con- 
 tain traces of alumina, iron and manganese. On evaporating to dry- 
 ness a (juaniity of the water with an acid, and treating the residue 
 with water, a portion of silica was obtained. 
 
 II. — The Saline Spring, 
 
 The spring thus named is very similar to the last, but in reality 
 less strongly saline. Its temperature was 45 F., that of the air 
 
8 
 
 being at the same time 60 F. The specific gravity is 1005.824. 
 Its reaction is move strongly alkaline, but otherwise the results of 
 its qualitative examination are similar to those given under the head 
 of the " Gas Spring." It contains no sulphuretted hydrogen what- 
 ever ; some few bubbles of carburetted hydrogen are evolved, but 
 the quantity is very small. The discharge from this spring is about 
 ten gallons per minute. 
 
 III.— r/te " White Sulphur Sjinn^:' 
 
 This spring is situated very near to the last; the openings of the 
 two wells being not more than four feet apart. It has a feebly sul- 
 phurous taste and odor, and darkens slightly salts of lead and sil- 
 ver, but the quantity of sulphur existing either as sulphuretted 
 hydrogen or as alkaline sulphuret is very inconsiderable, and can- 
 not be quantitatively estimated by the ordinary processes. 
 
 Several bottles of the water were mixed with a solution of arsenic 
 at the spring, but the precipitate of sulphuret of arsenic was 
 scarcely perceptible ; the quantity of the sulphuretted hydrogen 
 was not equal to a cubic inch to the gallon. It is still, however, 
 sufficient to impart medicinal powers to the water, for the efficacy 
 of this spring over all the others, in rheumatic and cutaneous affec- 
 tions, is well attested. 
 
 The supply from this spring is apparently about the same as that 
 of the " Gas Spring :" its waters flow into the same reservoir as 
 those of the saline springs, and the two are used for hot baths. 
 The mixture, after being heated for use, is without any odor of 
 sulphur. 
 
 The temperature of the spring was found to be 46°F., that of 
 the air being 60° F. 
 
 The specific gravity of the water at 60°F. is 1003.7 ; its reaction 
 is strongly alkaline, and the results of its <jUalitative examination 
 show that it closely resembled the two preceding waters, except 
 that traces only of iodine were detected in it. 
 
 lY.— The " Intermitting Spring." 
 
 This spring has been already described, as situated about two 
 miles from the others. It rises out of a bank of clay near the edge 
 of a brook ; a well has been sunk nearly thirty feet through the 
 clay, and the water rises near to the surface. It is kept in almost 
 constant agitation by the evolution of large quantities of carburet- 
 ted hydrogen gas ; the water from this cause is kept constantly 
 turbid by the quantity of clay diffused through it, and it is only 
 after being allowed to stand for several hours in a quiet place, that 
 it becomes transparent. The discharge of gas is i>ot regular, some 
 minutes often elapsing, during which only a few bubbles escaped 
 from time to time, after which a copious evolution occurs for a 
 
9 
 
 few moments, followed by another period of quiescence ; from this 
 peculiarity it is named the " Intermitting Sprint." 
 
 The temperature was found to be SO^F. at the bottom of the 
 well ; that of ?ir beinp; 61°. The amount of water furnished by 
 the spring could not be easily determined, as part of it escapes 
 through the bank, but it is not large. This, unlike the previously 
 described waters, was disagreeably bitter, as well as saline Its 
 specific gravity was 1010.939. 
 
 A qualitative examination shewed the presence of chlorine bro 
 mine and iodine, with potassium, sodium, calcium, and macrnesium • 
 a large portion of the latter two exists in the condition of^hlorids' 
 No sulphuric acid was detected; but traces of iron and alumina' 
 J3aryta, strontia, fluorine and phosphates were sought for • but with 
 the exception of slight traces of the latter, the results 'were alto- 
 gether negative. 
 
 The Composition of one pound of 7000 grains, of tlie several sprinffs 
 ia as follows :— i 6 i 
 
 Intermitting. Gas. Saline. White Sul- 
 
 I '''■'!"'"!SSu„;:.:;;:; »';ifS «iS «S ^'ISS 
 
 3 " Calcium 2.009350 '^ ' ^^^^ 
 
 4 "Magnesia 7 23(3880 
 
 5 Bromide of Sodium iawm iio-o 
 
 6 " ''MaKnesium. :::;:: 1G6880 -"^'^ -07028 
 
 i Carbonate of Lime g^g.^o 1.036000 .82250 1 47000 
 
 Q .. .,^^^^- ■.■■■■:■■■■ .83991)0 123340 VloH 
 
 H " " MangancseV.".'.'.'.' r""*"* traces 
 
 12 lodid of Sodium... n«Q-ift *n*S t^^es 
 
 13 •• "Magnesium 014399 '^^^^ *™<"-'^ 
 
 14 Sulpliate of Soda ^ ^^ 
 
 15 " " i'otaidi ■.'.■.■ n'jflOfiA noo„n -^2831 
 
 Vi Alumina traces oS i'^^^ 
 
 17 Silica ,?7|^. -030800 traces 0185,5 
 
 18 Carbonic Acid s iou^ o'?!/,'^ „-2»"50 .58800 
 
 1<> Wntov ■'»»-'"•••• d.&OU4oO 2.443000 2.04400 QSTOO 
 
 ^^ ^''*''' 6894.014211 6943.114521 6946 .52!88 Qmim 
 
 Carbonic acid in 100 cubic in '^^-OOWOO 7000,000000 7000,^ 7000,000000 
 Solid matter in 100 parts... 14 fiW ■: --r ~S:i .J-^ 
 
 Temperature of xyati-r. ::;:;: ^* |g» ' ^!^ ' f^, 4-9406 
 
 " ""■ 6i.7 CO 60a 
 
 MEDICAL TESTIMONY. 
 
 To such as have visited and been benefitted bj the use of 
 the mineral waters of the Caledonia Springs, no further evi- 
 dence of their efficacy is needed, but there are many not in- 
 cluded among these who may rightly demand some more defi- 
 mte and reliable info-mation than is conveyed in general 
 assertions which may be made in the interests of the Compa- 
 ny possessing the Springs. To satisfy this demand as well 
 
 
 
 H> 
 

 p 
 
 10 
 
 as to strengthen the good opinions of those who have had per- 
 sonal experience of the value of the Avaters, the following tes- 
 timonials are submitted, the writers of several of them are 
 still living and stand at the head of their profession in Mon- 
 treal. Yet their opinions so clearly and decidedly expressed 
 twenty-five years ago remain unaltered. 
 
 Montreal, 21st April, 1839. 
 Dear SiR,-In reply to that part of your letter inquiring whe- 
 ther the opinion I fonuorly entertained of the Caledonia Sprinos 
 has changed,— from what has come to my knowledo-e of ' their effects 
 in certain diseases, I have only to add what I staged last summer 
 when leaving tlie Springs, after having derived so much benefit 
 from drinking the Waters, that the ftivourable opinion 1 then enter- 
 tamed of their efiicacy in relieving and curing certain diseases, is 
 more and more confirmed by tJie favourable reports made by per- 
 sons who have experienced relief from the use of the Waters of the 
 difterent Springs. The complaints, as far as my experience extends 
 in which they pi^ve most beneficial, are, Derano-ements of the Di- 
 gestive Organs, Dyspepsia, Affections of the Liver and Urinarv 
 Organs, and some Diseases of the Skin ; but the disease, above all 
 others, m which their good effects are most decided, is Rheuma- 
 tism. Some cases of this complaint came under my observation 
 within the last few years, in which the benefit derived from the use 
 ot the taledonia Springs AVater was extraordinary. I have known 
 a few individuals who had suffered much from the improper use of 
 Mercury, and the effects of the disease for the cure of which that 
 medicine is generally administered, who were restored to health bv 
 the use of the Waters. "^ 
 
 I have heard of many cases of recovery from various other 
 diseases by the use of these Waters, particularly Dropsy, and those 
 affections of the system formerly designated Chlorosis; I cannot 
 however, speak so confidently from personal knowledge of the effi- 
 cacy of the Caledonia Springs Water in these and some other com- 
 plaints, as in the diseases just mentioned. * * ^ >f; 
 
 Mr. Parker. 
 
 I remain, dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient, 
 
 Wm. Robertson, M.D. 
 
 L'Acadie, June 7th, 1842. 
 Sir,— I certify tiiat in the month of May last, by the advice of 
 my friends, I visited the Caledonia Springs, where I spent several 
 days ; I was at that time, and had been for upwards of twelve 
 years previous, lingering under an Affection of the Kidneys and 
 -.ladder, which caused mc such severe pains that I was very often 
 
11 
 
 totally unable to attend to my professional, or even private business. 
 I had no sooner made use of the Waters than I found g.*eat relief. 
 My urine, habitually scarce and high coloured, became abundant 
 and clear ; and my stomach, sympathetically affected, became in 
 better order. The daily use of a few tumblers of the Saline 
 Spring every morning, fasting, with gentle exercise afterwards, had 
 the good effect of keeping my bowels gently open, and free from 
 the usual pains which I was in the habit of experiencing : my 
 appetite became good and my sleep sound. 
 
 I therefore think it my duty, for humanity^ sake, highly to recom- 
 mend to Invalids in general the use of the Caledonia Springs; but 
 more especially to people affected with Rheumatism, Liver Com- 
 plaints, and Diseases of the Kidneys and Urinary Organs. To 
 Dyspeptics they will also prove beneficial. The very powerful 
 diuretic effect of the Caledonia Waters induces me firmly to believe 
 that mild Venereal and incipient Dropsical Diseases would be 
 relieved, if not radically cured, by the use of the Caledonia Springs 
 Water only, 
 
 T. QUESNEL, M.D., 
 
 Member of the Montreal Medical Board. 
 
 To Wm. Parker, Esq., 
 Propriet(n- of the Caledonial Springs. 
 
 Quebec, November 26th, 1842. 
 
 Sis. — I feel pleasure in giving you my opinion, based as it is 
 upon the observations of several years. 
 
 In Rheumatic Affections I consider them invaluable. Few 
 persons, excepting those who have suffjved from these diseases, and 
 those who have made them their study, can appreciate their won- 
 derful medicinal properties. I have repeatedly seen individuals, 
 who have left their homes for the Springs worn out by protracted 
 sufferings, and with their general health shattered by confinement 
 and want of exercise, return to their families free from puin, and 
 with health, strength, and activity perfectly restored. 
 
 I have also known remarkable instances of benefit derived from 
 the use of the Waters, in persons afiiicted with Scrofulous Com- 
 plaints, and with Diseases of the Digestive Organs and Kidneys; 
 and I am convinced that many of tlieso cases that have left the 
 Springs greatly benefited, but not cured, would have been restored 
 to perfect health by a more extended use of the Waters. 
 
 It is absurd to suppose that functions or organs that have been 
 diseased probably for years, can be restored during two or three 
 weeks by any course of medicine, no matter how potent or how 
 efficacious. 
 
 I remain, yours, &c., 
 
 J. Douglas 
 Member of Royal College of Surgeons 
 
 Wm. Parker, Esq., Caledonia Springs. 
 
 Ji 
 
 ^ 
 
12 
 
 I » 
 
 Montreal, December 8th, 1842. 
 Sir. — I beg to state that I consider the Caledonia Waters effi- 
 cacious in case of Dyspepsia, Chronic Kheumatisni, or where the 
 constitution has been impaired by the injudicious use of Mereury, 
 and ill-treated Syphilis ; I would also add, in certain Cutaneous 
 Diseases. I have frequently recommended their use in the above 
 complaints, and witnessed their good eflFects. I hope that the 
 benefits that are derivable from them may not be lost to society by 
 the indiscriminate and almost universal use they have been lately 
 put to, and like the fate of many of our other excellent remedies 
 fall into unmerited disrepute. 
 
 I am, Sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 James Crawford, M.I). 
 Wm. Parker, Esq. 
 
 Montreal, December 7th, 1843. 
 
 Dear Sir, — In reply to your request to know my opinion of 
 the efficacy of the Caledonia Springs, I beg to state that, for 
 the last few years, I have known several instances of their benefi- 
 cial effects in Rheumatism, Scrofula, and in Chronic Affections 
 of the Urinary Organs. 
 
 In Dyspepsia, I can speak highly of them. Many cases of this 
 disease came under my observation, that were most remarkably 
 relieved by them, — some permanently cured by the continual use of 
 the "Waters. 
 
 I have also had occasion to know, that individuals labouring 
 under various other Chronic Diseases, and persons whose const' l^".- 
 tions have been weakened and worn out by different causes, have 
 derived much benefit from their prolonged use. 
 
 I am, your very obedient servant. 
 To William Parker, Esq. 
 
 W. Eraser, M.D. 
 
 Montreal, 13th December, 1842. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I have to state that I consider the use of the 
 Caledonia Waters a very valuable curative agent in the treatment 
 of many forms of disease. Circumstances enable me to grant you 
 a favourable Certificate with more than usual propriety, many 
 of my o\K rtatients having tested the efficacy, and derived great 
 benefit from the use of the Waters. Of all diseases that have 
 come under my notice, in which a persevering use of the Baths 
 and Waters promises the most beneficial results. Chronic Rheu- 
 matism ranks the first. Many of the cures in this disease have 
 been truly astonishing. I met with a case last summer, where 
 
14 
 
 the individual, a delicate female, had been suffering severely for 
 more than nine months ; she had completely lost the use of her 
 hands, and could only walk a few steps with great pain and diffi- 
 culty. After a residence of six weeks at the Springs, she returned 
 free from pain, and strong enough to walk a considerable distance 
 ■without fatigue. I have also found the Waters useful in Dys- 
 peptic and Urinary Complaints, in Chlorosis, Secondary Syphylis, 
 and some of the forms of Cutaneous Disease. 
 
 I remain, dear Sir, 
 
 Yours, very truly, 
 
 Geo. W. Campbell., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Lecturer on Surgery, M'Gill College, 
 
 To Mr. Wm. Parker, 
 Proprietor of the Caledonial Springs. 
 
 Quebec, February 10th, 1843. 
 
 My Dear S[R, — In answer to your letter, requesting my 
 opinion of the efficacy of the Waters of the Caledonial Springs 
 in disease, permit me to say, that for several years I have been 
 in the habit of recommending patients to resort to them ; and I 
 believe I am strictly within the bounds of truth when I say, 
 that in every ir.stance they have been either cured or very much 
 benefited. 
 
 It is seldom, however, that the Invalid either does himself or 
 the Waters justice, his stay being always too short to eradicate 
 chronic disease, for which they are more particularly and justly 
 celebrated. Rheumatism, Chronic Liver Complaints, Dyspepsia, 
 and a variety of Diseases of the Skin, Kidneys, and Bladder, and, 
 I may add. Eyes, are those which have come more immediately 
 under my personal observation, and to which the above remarks 
 refer. Report of their efficacy, however, goes much further. 
 
 With every good wish, 
 
 I am faithfully yours, 
 
 Joseph Morrin, M.D- 
 Wm. Parker, Esq. 
 
 Hawkesbury, 8th February, 1 844. 
 
 Dear Sir, — In compliance with your request, I shall endeavour 
 briefly to state the the result of my experience as to the ^iffects 
 produced by the use of the Waters of the Caledonia Springs. 
 
 I first visited these Springs in the autumn of 1830, and at that 
 time made sufficient examination of the Waters to convince me 
 that they contained valuable medicinal properties. Since that 
 |)eriod, I have had ample opportunities of witnessing their effects ; 
 
 4 
 
15 
 
 ' 
 
 and for the last four years have been in regular attendance at the 
 Springs, during the watering season. 
 
 The disease in which I have seen the most remarkable cures i» 
 Rheumatism ; and both in the Acute and Chronic forms of this 
 disease, the Waters seemed to be equally beneficial. 
 
 Every person who visits the Springs fails not to observe the 
 rapid improvement of this class of sufferers. On his first arrival, 
 the limbs of the Rheumatic patient are swollen and rigid , his 
 step, aided by a crutch or staff, is painful and constrained ; and 
 the expression of his countenance anxious and sorrowful. Houses 
 the Waters ; and every day brings some amelioration of symptoms. 
 His limbs assume their wonted form and elasticity; his step 
 becomes easy and unrestrained ; and the expression of his coun- 
 tenance placid and cheerful. He throws aside his crutch or staff, 
 and walks, and leaps, and prai.ses God who mingles the Waters. 
 
 That these Waters are specific in this painful malady, seems now 
 to be generally admitted ; and so much respectable testimony to 
 this effect has already been laid before the Public, that to say more 
 would be only a work of supererogation. In Gout, Sciatica, and 
 Lumbago (kindred diseases), the curative action of the Waters 
 has been nearly as efficient. 
 
 Striking as such results are, still there are numerous diseases in 
 which the benign influence of the Waters, though less remarked, 
 is assuredly not less certain. For example, in Lepra, commonly 
 called Salt Rheum, an Affection of the Skin, prevalent in this 
 country, — many persons who had suffered for years with this com- 
 plain have visited the Springs, and I do not remember a single 
 instance where the Waters, when properly used, both internally and 
 externally, failed in effecting a cure. 
 
 In Delirium Tremens (a disease brought on by the use of 
 intoxicating drinks), the Waters have acted like a charm. In every 
 case of this kind which has come under my observation (and they 
 have not been few), a perfect cure was speedily effected ; nor have 
 I found it necessary to prescribe any other remedy. The stimulus 
 given to the stomach, and the mental exhiliration produced by the 
 Waters, at first allayed, and finally subdued, all desire even for 
 ardent spirits. And hero I may remark, for the information of 
 those who wish to abstain from " strong potations," and find it 
 difficult, that there can be no better substitute, nor more efficient 
 auxiliary to their efforts at reformation, than these Waters. 
 
 A considerable number of cases of Tic Doloureux (a painful 
 Affection of the Nerves of the Face), have been seen at the Springs 
 during my residence there ; and all have been cured, or, at least, 
 the Patients' sufferings greatly alleviated. Several persons afflicted 
 with other forms of Neuralgia have also received much benefit. 
 
 Hundreds of persons, worn down by that "Protean malady," 
 Dyspepsia, have been signally benefited by the judicious use of 
 these Waters. Sometimes, however, :t has been found necossaryj 
 
16 
 
 in this complaint, to call in the aid of other remedies, such as Blue 
 Pill at night, followed by Water in the morning. The same course 
 was generally pursued, and with nearly equal success, in Affections 
 of the Liver, blood-letting bring permised, if the state of the pulse 
 indicated the necessity of it. Thisi treatment — as the Waters, when 
 properly used, never bring on debility — I have found more success- 
 ful than that advised by Mr. Abernethy, of Blue Pill at night, and 
 Salts and Senna in the morning. 
 
 Many Females afflicted with Chlorosis, have been restored to 
 health by the use of the Waters ; and, as might have been expected 
 from the poweri'uUy diuretic properties of these Waters, few Patients 
 seemed to derive more benefit that persons suflcring under Diseases 
 of the Urinary Organs. — (See tlie case of Dr. Quesnel, as reported 
 by himself.) 
 
 Time will not permit me to enumerate all the diseases in which 
 the Waters appeared to do good ; but those in which their curative 
 effects were more remarkable, besides the above-mentioned, are 
 Inflammation of the Eyes (in particular, that very intractable 
 species. Strumous Upthalmia), Ague, Hypochondria, Melancholy, 
 St. A^itus's Dance, Hysteria, Spinal Irritation, Barrenness, Scro- 
 iula, Jaundice, Gonorrhea, Secondary Syphilis, and the Effects 
 produced by the Improper Use of Mercury. 
 
 Hoping you will excuse this hurried production, and wishing 
 you every success your laudable endeavours to bring these Waters 
 more fully into notice deserve, 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 James Stirling, A.M. & M.D. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Justice Pyke, of Montreal, writes as follows : — 
 Montreal, 2Sth December, 1842. 
 
 Dear Sir, — As well from ray own personal experience in the use 
 of the Waters, while at the Caledonia Springs, as from what I then 
 witnessed of their beneficial effects on others, I am thoroughly 
 convinced of their efiicacy and value in the many complaints which 
 have ah-eady been enumerated, and made known by the professional 
 men who have analysed these valuable waters ; and so far from my 
 faith in, and good opinion of them, being subsequently lessened, 
 I have from time to time, procured them in bottles from your 
 agents at Montreal, and have uniformly found relief on using them : 
 and am at this very moment taking theiu with good effect. 
 
 I am, dear Sir, your very obedt. humble servt., 
 
 GEORGE PYKE. 
 
 Wm. Parker, Esqr. 
 
 Quebec, 14th January, 1843. 
 Dear Sir, — I have much pleasure in complying with your request, 
 to state my opinion of the waters of your Springs, and of the 
 
 4 
 
18 
 
 4 
 
 Establishment generally. I have, as you know, visited the Caledonia 
 Springs for uiy health, and resided there with a part of my family 
 for several weeks. The good impressions whieh I originally 
 entertained of those Springs, were more than confirmed by my 
 actual observation. The reputation of the admirable curative 
 properties of the waters, is so well established in Canada, and in 
 the neighboiiring States, that any testimony from me, as regards 
 these countries, must be superfluous ; but if my name can be of 
 use at a greater distance, I can freely attach it to an assurance 
 that I believe the virtues of your Springs not to be inferior to those 
 of the most celebrated Spas of the same class upon this continent : 
 I remain, dear Sir, your very obdt. servt., 
 
 T. A.STAYNEIl. D.P.3I. 
 Wm. Parker, Esqr. 
 
 Caledonia Springs, 27th July, 1843. 
 
 Sir, — I have to ofl'er best thanks for the letter you have so 
 obligingly addressed to me, as also for th(; many kind attentions I 
 have received since my arrival at the Caledonia Spriuo-s. 
 
 As regards the Waters themselves, 1 am iiiost certain that a 
 course of them cannot be otherwise than beneficial in Eruptions of 
 the Skin, Obstructions of the Liver, llheumatisni. Indigestion, and 
 generally in restoring the system to healthy action. It seems to me 
 that persons suftering in health, usually do not give fair play to the 
 Springs, by not continuing their use long enough to mtirely re- 
 move, but merely sufficient time to alleviate their complaint. 
 
 My duty will not at present allow me to remain longer, but I 
 hope I may hereafter have time to revisit your Establishment, which 
 assuredly will afiurd me much gratification. In the interim I will 
 not fail to recommend to favorable notice these Springs, as also 
 the incessant kind attentions, your Visitors are certain to receive 
 from yourself. 
 
 Heartily thanking you for those shown to myself and party 
 during our sojourn, t remain with every good wish for your success 
 and prosperity, 
 
 Sir, your most obedient servant, 
 
 II. ARMSTRONG, Major-Genl. 
 Wm. Parker, Esq. 
 
 Montreal, &6th August, 1843. 
 
 Sir, — Having received your flattering letter on the moment of 
 my departure, I could not then reply to it in the manner it de- 
 serves. I assure you I feel grateful lor the very kind attention you 
 showed me at your Hotel, and shall ever remember with unfeigned 
 pleasure the agreeable society I met there. 
 
 I have of late years visited the Sehooley Mountains, Saratoga, 
 
18 
 
 nnd the Virginia Springs, but at neither of thcni did I derive the 
 decided bcnctif, which ayatV///H/andmo(/cm/fi use of the Caledonia 
 Waters has afforded mo. My friend and medical adviser, Dr. 
 Crawford, of this place, will fully corroborate tho Hurpri.sin«^ im- 
 provement my health has .so happily experienced ; and I shall not 
 fail to rcccommond these valuable Waters, together with your well- 
 regulated Establishment, to any per.son who may unfortunately bo 
 afflicted as I have been, with Dyspepsia, Nervous Debility and 
 Paralysis. 
 
 Wishing you that patronage and success, which I, for my part 
 feel you deserve. ' 
 
 I remain, Sir, your obedient scrvt., 
 
 W. C. H. BURNABY, Baronet. 
 Wm. Parker, Esq. 
 
 Many others might be added, but as the writers have Ion" 
 since passed away, and their names and memories obliterated 
 from the minds of almost all of the present generation the 
 insertion of their testimonials could not prove of any material 
 value — did time permit, abundant evidence could be adduced 
 from those of to-day, avIio have more recently sought ard ob- 
 tained health at the expense of personal comfort, but we must 
 hasten to close a work which has already been extended be- 
 yond its intended limits— before doing so, however, it will 
 prove of service to strangers to define the 
 
 Locality of the Springs. 
 
 The Caledonia Sjmngs are situated in the County of Pres- 
 cott, Ontario, nine miies from the town of I'Orignal and about 
 half way between Montreal and Ottawa City (the Capital of 
 the Dominion of Canada.) 
 
 The beautifully situated village of Vankleck's Plill is but 
 a few miles distant, and a two hours' drive through a rich 
 and fertile country, varied and lovely in its scenery, will place 
 the visitor in the village of Hawkesbury, where are the exten- 
 sive lumbering mills of the Messrs. Hamilton, which alone 
 are well worthy of a much longer journey to see and examine. 
 
 The regular route to the Springs from Montreal is by 
 the 7^ A. M. train from Bonaventure Station connectin"- 
 
 C5 
 
f 
 
 19 
 
 with the Steamer Prince of Wales for Carillon, thence by 
 railway to Grenville and Steamer Queen Victoria to L'ori- 
 j.mal. Fare from Montreal to L'Orignal 12.50. 
 
 Travellers from Ottawa City leave per Queen Victoria 
 every morning (Sundays excepted) at 0.30 reaching L'Ori- 
 gnal at 10.30. Fare .f!l.25. Stages are in readiness on 
 the arrival of the boats to convey passengers to the Springs. 
 To tourists especially, no better arrangement could be de- 
 vised for enabling them to visit these far-famed waters without 
 delaying them on their journey up or down the Ottawa 
 river more than a few hours. 
 
 AGENCIES FOR SALE OF THE WATERS. 
 
 So great is the demand for the waters of the Springs, that 
 agencies for their sale are about to be opened in all the prin- 
 cipal Cities throughout Canada and, if necessary, the United 
 States. The agents in Montreal are Messrs. John Rogers 
 & Co., 133 Great St. James street, nearly opposite the 
 Ottawa Hotel. A constant supply fresh from the Springs is 
 always on hand, and can bo obtained from the Agents in any 
 quantity. 
 
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