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AND/ExHIBITlfe The State of the &lligerwi Powers aC and Objefts iit lOTHtinuance : Inteiiperfed with The Characters of the able and difinterefted and of the H.ROES, to whofe Courage and Conduct we are indebted for that v^onduct NAVAL and MILITARY Succefs, which is not to be equalled in the Annals ol this or any other Nation, Illuftrated with A Variety of He ADS, Plans, Maps, and Charts. LONDON: Printed for David Steele, at the Bible and Crown m King-Street, Little To-u^eri-HilU M.DCCXXxY/ ( IP**' ,•«)*!,' ^ THE PREFACE. ^ E have taken the earlieft opportunity that a judicious infpeaion, and mature confidera- tion of events could give us, ofprefenting to the PUWiC, A COMPLEAT HiSTORV OF THE LATe' WAR, not lefs important than, we hope, ufeful fl^nnuT^u writtenpith an impartiality which fliould be the guide' ^everyhiftorian, and from rffedion''^ """^ ^^""'^^^^ '^"""^^ "^''''''^ We have taken up our History from th© commencement of the war, and have bcftowed all thd pains upon it, fo interefting a fubjea re- quires, which, however, we muft acknowledEC. deferves much more ikilful workmen. None was ever more formed to excite curiofity, from tlie importance of events, the dignity of the per- fons engaged, the greatnefs of the anions Ser- tormed, and the amazing revolutions of fortune 5 tor the Reader will here find the fcattered ac- counts of this war, which has been carried on in the four quarters of the world, united in one connedcd narrative, and continued to the peace. » 2 Tq ri^ P R E F A C E. -To effedt this from the materials that ofFered;^ has been a work of more labour, than may at firft appear, and to render thele tranfadions (which have not been Icfs our amazement, than the world's in -eneral) the more confpicuous and clear, we have added, in Notes, the accounts tranihiitted from the commanders of our fleets and armies, and publiflicd by authority^ when fads were recfent, and the immediate objed of univerfal attention. Thefe will illuftrate and confirm the Hiftory 5 and our readers muft be pleafed to fee fo many curious and important pieces, which while they give the cleareft evi- dence, fupport the national charader to future ages. In many places we find them filled with: the anions of inferior officers, which, with lefs care in their fuperiors, wo^ have been loft in ^e multiplicity of events f This care, not lefs commendable than ufeful, will excite officers to feize every opportunity of immortalizing their fame, and doing honour to their refpedive corps. Some of thefe letters muft be ufeful in forming the young foldier, as they are very exprcffive of that charader, pointing out the care, circum- /pcdion, anxiety, and perfevcrance to form ^ yVQi^t pr a Gi^AN^v, v « THE aaaMbMmiiMtfaiiii^^ ^tl» THE CONTENTS. portant ;ft evi- future ;d with ith lefs loft in lot lefs leers to J their ! x:orps. Drming live of ircum- orm ^ THE ORIGIN of the troubles in North America, page I M.DCC.LV. Admiral Bo/cawen and General Braddock font to Amtrica, a Different operations under- tstken, ^ Two French men of war taken by Adnk. Bo/canueH, ib. Gen^ Braddock defeated near Fortdu^e/net 5 ^- DieJ^au defeated, and taken by Gen, Jubnfon. lb* Serzure of the French trading ihips, ib« M.DCC.LVIi \ French threaten an invafion, 6 Fort St. Philip in the iffand of Minorca^ befieged, and taken by the French, ib. Sea-fight off Minorca, betwren Admiral ^^wj, and M. Ga- liffqniere, ■ Treaty with Ru^a, ■ M.DCC.LVll. Alliance with the King PrfJTa, Ground of the quarrel between her Imperial Majejlj and the King aiPruJpa, 9 Treaty of Peterfiourg^ i o —-—of Fer/ailUs, 1 1 King of Pruffia enters Saxony, , and Bohemia, ib. Battle of Lonuofitx, \ z Saxon army furtenders, ib. State oftheEngJiJh Miniftry, »3 ib. of ib. The charaAers and defigns of the feveral faAions, ib. A coalition of parties, 1 y 0/kueg$ taken by the Frencb,\h. Calcutta taken bv the Naioh, 1 8 Anvria reduced oy Adih. Wat- Jon, 19 State of the confederacy .n gain ft the King of Prtt^«, ib. The French pafs the Wefer, zz King oi Pruffia enters Bohemia^ ib. Battle of i»r//A and Prince Francii of Srun/wuick kiHed^ ib. Affair at Gorlitz, f o M. i3ai/» invefts Dre/den, 82 King of Prusfia raifcs the fiege ofNeis and Ce/J/, 84 Death of the Duke of jj/«r/i«. _.'"«1^- ib. Difpofitions for the winter, 86 The burning of the fliips at St. Malo, j,o Taking of Cherbourg, g % Defeat of 5/. Ca J, 94 Operations in Ameriea, 95 Siege and taking of Louijbourg, 97 Englijb army defeated at Ticon- deroga, m They take Frontenac, 1 25 The French abandon Fort du ^'/^e, ib. Geree taken| 1 27 The I ' 5r*# C O N M.DCC.LIX. The inclination of the powers at war at the clofing of the laft campaign, i^t The King of Sj>Ain't death ap- prehended, i^j Condition of the King of Pruf- fia, Empri''' i^ein, Siutdeti, HollaHt/, France and £jig/anJt The allied army moves, 141 Battle of Btrgen, ib. plan of the campaign, 143 General Af^ffa/r* defeated, 144. ^aw^^rj- pillaged, ib. //^abandoned by the allie?, ld.e Expedition to the fTe/f India under lfoj>/oH and Moere, 146 Account of Martiuicoi ib. l-'ailure there, j^^ Cuadaloupe invaded, and dc- fcription of that ifland, 147 Brife Terrt attacked and burn- ^^* 140 General Hop/on dies, 1 Tq Operations agaihft Grand Tern, •I The inhabitants capitulate, 151* Letters to the Government on theoccafion, jb. Bravery of a French lady, 1 c 2 Mariega/ante t^kem jIa Progrefs of the Frencibifter the battle of ^.r^,,,, 160 Munjer and other places taken. Motions of Prince FtrdwanJ, Battle of M/W^a, J5J Hereditary Prince ofSninfiukA defeats theDuke o(Bri/ac,\h. Prince Ferdinand's order after the battle of Minden, 167 TheZ-r^wr^paathe/^V^r, ib. Lord G«r^* Sacki'ille refigns the command of the Britijk t E N t S, forces; Marquis of Granfy fucceeds him, 170 The French driven to Mafpnrg^ Siege of Afi,»/f,r, fb. Prnjeft cf /'r(»A*tf difgfaced And fud ceeded by ^^dV/^ ,77 Battle of Zulichau, il^ Rusfiant take Franckfott On the Battle Cunnerfdorf, 175 King of i»r«//fa repa/fts the ^''"' i8z Soltikof and DauH cominuni- cate, ,3, Parallel of the King bl °rA'/> and Prince Fndiriand of Brunj-wick, ib. Plan ,.f the campaign in North America, | g^ Ticonderega dnd Crow* />«/rf abandoned, 186 Colonel f<„iy„/*^«j/ killed^ 18; Expedition to Niagara, \%C. Sir William Johnjon'a accoun ^°^"' ib Colonel Prideatix killed, loc, Sir /F////««| 7o^,/o, defeats the Takes the fort of Niagara, ib. The expedition againft i^^^/f, Defcription of the town all harbour of^ehec, ,q^ Aftlon at the Falls of Mont/ai fftch ig5 General ff^c/fe fickens, igS His remarkable letter, iga Admiral 5««»^#r/5 letter, 206 The battle of ^i„i^f, 2,, General mi/e killed, ib. * 4 rreneSt H The C frtifcb dere4tfJ. M. /«< Montcalm killed, Sijf0iic furreiiderj. Gen. Mo/i(i/o»'i account, Admiral SaumJtn's O N ai2 ib. ib. 214 218 TENTS. ^ ers concerned, 24a Great Brtiain and /»r*i/fa pro- pofe an «ccommodation, 254 Difficulties in concludine a , peace, , Sute of the £*^/,)jJ garrifon at Movements of Gen. jtmLtrfi, rnnct H,j,ry', m^rchinio Sax. Preparations for a fieJe iV ..>. and Ocn. W« defeated. Gen' AL^rra/s reSlon, oti ir «f D r » /• •,. ^^+ the occafiofls, 2C7 A.<>«/ dcfcMtd at ;!/«„,, a.,<„'bef,egt'd'; 'J* Mifn_fier furrendcrs to the allies, Hereditary Prince of Pr«»/ac/4 defeais the Duke of ft^urtem- herg at Fulda, ib. The preparations at Fannet and w^'-'>*. .'.31 Remarkable behaviour of Adm. SaunJers, and Gen. 'J oiutt- JhenJ, French fleet defeated near Bel- Itijle, 2 77 Admiral «awi's account of Jus M. Levi raifcs the fiegc, ib. General AfHrra/a letter on the occafion. jj, Diftrcfs of 5,on of iupporting his allies, ib. TENTS. RtiJ/iamt and Aujtrietns entw Brandenburgh, 315 General Huljen retreats from Saxony t.0 Btrlitt, 316 Evacuate* it, and the city capi- tulates, j|v Enemy retires out of Brau' dtnlurgb, after having pil- laged It, 318 Impirialijis make themfelvts ni a lie r s o f Mi/nia, 3 1 n Ruffians bcfiege Colbtrg^ 320 Batile of T'or^B, oix M. Daun wounded, ib. vSiege of Co/^irrf raifed, 324 The allies raife the ficgecf Co/- tingen, 326 Winter quarters and foffcrinj^a of the Britijfj troops, ib, Populardebates in England zon- (.crning the Crrwtfw war, 328 Thurot fails from Dunkirk, 335 Puts into Gottenburgb and Ber- gt"* ib. Puts into the IJle of Ilaf, ib. He tikes' Carrick/trgus, 33^ Sails from thence, ib. He is killed, and whole fqua- dron taken, 335 Capt. El'iot\ account of the engagement, 336 War in America, ib. General Amherjl goes down the rivtr St. Laivrtnce. 337 General Murray marches from ^lebec, ib. Montreal furrenders, . 3^0 Cherokee war, 34.1 Affairs of the Eajl Indies, 344. Lallj defeated by Colonel Cootet 345 Col. Coote'i account of his pro- ceeding in the Eaft Indite, 346 M.DCC.LXI, Preliminary remarks, 353 Treaty propofcd and entered into ^. ^e ihto by rlie belligerent pow *"♦ 3-7 Mr. Stanley knt \o Paris, and CONTENTS. M. .ff«^7' to London, 358 /"•vf/zf^ machinacions in Spain, Difficulties in the negotiation, Defign of the campaign inHrp, and of the expedition toi>V/- ^ '"A 360 ---lies enter into //^ and TAu- ringia, -5 Arf»f^ retire, - Jb Hereditary Pr'nce repjlfed at Fritz/ar, -5, Fritzlar taken, 36^ Blockade at Maipurg and Z/V- .?/, &c. raifed, and the allies retire behind the ^ Dymel, ^gg The negotiation continued, ib. Propof^tionof uti pos/idetis, 370 Debate concerning the periods, BelleiJIe defcri bed, 271 Englijh repulfed at Lochmaria Gin. Hodg/hn and Commodore Keppd's account of their pro- cee.'ing at BelleiJI,, ^7, They make good tJicir landing^ Palais befiegcd, 377 Town abondoned, 573 Citadel capitL-jPtes, jl) England and Frc^nct agree ta treat of a feparate peace, 370 Epochas propofcd by England, 380 Co u i t f Vienna agree, j g^ Objeds of the negotiation, 381 Propofals of France with regard to Et'rofie, jfia, Africa, and . AiKtrica^ ,82 /"/•^//fA memorial concerning Spain, ,ge indignation of the Englijh IVIi- niltei, jb. ii«jf///» anfwer to the French memorial, jgg Motions of the French and al- lied armies, ,g- Generjl Sporcken attacked, 388 French pai's thi Z)jffl(f/, ib. Pofition of Prince Ferdinand, Junftion ofBroglio aadSouhi/i, Battle rf Kirch Denhrn, and the Jrffy/f^; defeated, ib. Prince Ferdinand^ account of the battle, 301 French threaten Hanonjer, 393 Rernarkable behaviour of Lord 6V0. Lenox, and ]VIajor^ J" • '^* Condiijon of theKing of Pruf. n/*> 398 Motions of the Rusjiam and of Laudchn, ^qq Iliy The CON Brejlau cannonaded, ib. TqttUbeu removed, and Colberg befieged, 401 Rusjian magazines in Poland deftroyed, 402 War transferred to Tomeraniot King cf Prujia quits his ftrong camp, ib. Schiueidnit% taken by a coup de main, ib. Gen. Platen repulfed, 405 • Knoblock made pri/bner at Treptonut ib. Prince ^arf^«^«r^ retreats, 406 Colberg taken, ib. Rusjianj winter in Pomeranian ib. The negotiation refumed, 407 French conccflions, 408 DifFerence concerning the Ger- man alliance, 409 ■ concerning the cap- tures antecedent to the de- claration of war, 410 Treaty breaks off, and Meflieurs Uanlej and BuJJy recalled, 411 Conduft of 5/fl/« during the negotiation, 412 5//ifl//2>minifter's memorial, 413 Treaty between Frame and Spain, ib. DifFerence in the Fnglijh mini- ^-ry. 414 Mr. Pitt refigns, 4 1 5 Lord GranvilU^s Speech on the occafion, jb. Difpute concerning the refig- nation, 418 AddreiTe?, *ig Mr. Pitt's letter to a perfon of eminence in the city, 420 Parliament meets, 423 Difpute with Spam, ib. Reprefentp.tion ot the Earl of Brijiol. 424 TENTS. Difpofition of the court ofilf^r- dridn ib. Treaty between France and ^ Spain, 426 England Ac^tcs a communica^ tion, 427 Court of 5/«i«refufes, ib. The Minifters mutually with- draw, 42(J Blockude of Pcndicberry, 430 Fleet diiperfed in a Ilorm, but returns again. 431 Gen. Lal/y'a letter on the occa<* fion. 4ji Town furrenders, 433 Ma&ie taken, ib, Enterprifes of Mr. Law, ib. Mogul army defeated by Major Carnac, 434 Nabob of Bengal depokd, 435 Coaft of ib. The Czar enters into an alii. ance with the King ofPru£ia . War with Denmark threatened, - and its caufe, Jb. Campaign between Prujians and Auflrians opens, 455 Prusftans obtain advantages in Saxony and Sile/iay 456 Sudden revolution in Rmfia, ib. Caufes of the revolution in Ruf- A» 457 Czar irritates the clergy and foldiery, 4^3 Differences with the Czarina, Czar depofed by the Senate, V • T 4^0 His imprifonment & death, 461 The CKariaa declared Emprefs, Effcft of the revolution in Ru/. Jta on the King of Prusjia's v. ''^'*!"' 463 Wtuation of the new Emprefs, 464 Rusfian conqueft reftored, tfit Rusftans quit the Prusftan camp, King of Prusjia draws Marflial Daun from Buckerfdorf, ib. Schixieidnitz befieged, 466 Marflial Laudohn attacks the Prince of Severn and is re- pulfed, 467 Difpofition of the French and allied armies, Jb, Battle of Gr«^««/««, 468 Lord Granby drives the French from Homhourg, 469 Prince Xavier of Saxony de- feated, and Gottingen evacu- ated, 470 War in Portugal, 47* Miranda, Braganza and Cha- •ves, taken, 474 Jilmeida befieged and taken, 475 Count of la Lippe arrives in Por- o "'■^^' 476 Surprife of Valentia d' Alcanta^ ra by General Burgoyne, ib. Affair of Villa Velha, 478 Spaniards retire, ib. Expedition againft Martinico\ 479 Troops land at CasNavire, 480 Attack of the pofts near Fort Royal, 4g J Fort Royal furrendered, 48a General Moncktonh and Admi- ral Rodnefs letter relative to the conqueft of Martinico^ C r 'b. •y/. Z««^, the Grenades and St. Vincent taken, 401 Preparations for war againft the Spanijh Wefi Indies, 493 Commanders in the Expedition againft the Havannah, and departure of the fleet, 495 Paffarre through the old ftreights of Bahama^ 405 Town The CON Town and harbour o£ ffavan- nah defcribed, ib. Troops land, 498 The iiege of Fort Mora, ib. piftrefs of theiE'«f///& forces, 501 Succours arrive from North Amtricat ^02 The Fort ftormed, 503 Operations againft the town, 504 Taeffavannah furrenders, 505 Ji.etters from the Earl oi Alie- mark and Admiral Pocock re- lative to their operations, ib. An expedition againft the Phi- lippine IJlanJs, Undertaken by Gen Draper and Adm. Cor- f'A* 510 Departure of the forces, 5 1 1 City of Manila inverted, 5 1 3 The place ftormed and taken, 514 Gen. Draper and Adm. Cor- »/>'s account of the expedi- tion, ^,6 Propofals for peace, ^ 24 State of the Miniftry and par- ties, -25 Pukes of Bedford znd Niver- nois employed in the negoti- ation. ^a8 TENTS. Newfound, and taken and re. taken, j^^ War in Germany, ciz Hereditary Prince defeated at Jfihannisherg, ^8 C«j^/invefted, 5^^ Remarkable cannonade atSuc/t- er Muhl, ib. French take Amfneherg, 540 Cajfel furrendered to the allies, ^M itiWeJiphalia cpncluded* Lord Granhy's letter of thanka' to the army, Jb. Siege and furrender of Schweid- nitx, . War transferred to.Saxfiny, 544 Auftriam defeated at Freyherg, . _ _ ib. Pruffians ravage .the- Empire, Preliminaries" of peace between Great Britain and France, 548 Mr. Fox comes into adminiftra- *'?"'. 556 Preliminai^ies approved by par- liament, .-_ Peace of Hubertsbourg between Juftria and Prujpa^ 558 ConciufioB, jj, A liji ^ Lifl of Heads, Maps, and Plans, in the CoMPLEAT History of the I.ATE War. n. The Head of Admiral Bofcawen, Page 4 III. - IV.. V. - VI. . VII. . VIII. IX. . of General Amherft, of Prince Ferdinand, of the Marquifs of Granby, of General Wolfe, - of Admiral Hawke, - oftheKingofPruffia, ofthe Right Hon. Wm. Pitt, 420 of Geneul Monckton, 48c* 95 164 170 220 232; 300 MAPS and PLANS. XI. Plan ofthe Siege of Louifbourg, XII. - - of the Ifland of Goree, XIII. View of Montreal, ^I7',v^^'" ""^'^^ ^^'S^ °^ '^^ Havannah, AV. Map of Germany, at the End. XVI, - - of America, at the End. no 128 339 458 4iliji ^li/fef FRENCH, ENGLISH anJ *iV a \r r c ,» SS^f. of War taken, .e^oje^, crlX^ZlliVJ'^ FR Taie/i. Formidable Foudroyant Centaur Tcmeraire Achill« Alcidp . Belliqueux Lys Modefte Orphee Raifonabl^ St. Anne Arc en Ciel Or^amme E N C H Z/«/ of Banff Shifs, Guns, Df/ireyed. 3o Ocean 80 Soieii Royal 74 Bein Aime 74 Entreprennant 64 Heros 64 Prudent 64 Redoutab 64 Thefee 64 Jufte 64 Superbe 04 Capricieu]^ 64 Celebre 50 Alegon 53 Apolloa Taiea. Abenquais Panae •Arethufe Bellone Blonde Boufonne Brune Commette Biaae Hermipne Sirene Veftale Emeraqde La Folic Opale Galathee Terpfichore Tygre 2Se|>hire FRENCII FRIGATES, (?»«/. Taken. 44 Guirlande 40 Hardie 32 Mignonne 32 Efcarboucle 32 Anemone 32 Epreuve 32 Sardoigne 3« 32 Defiroytd, 32 Aquilon 32 Atalante 32 Felicite 28 Fidelle . 24 Rofe 24 Fleur de Ly« 24 Nymphe 24 Pomona 24 Cltonc 2^ Bicii'^ Guar, 74 74 74- 74 74 74 70 o 4 50 5» ?: Gt/Hf, 22 20 20 16 H 4« 36 36 30 16 ENGLISH ENGLISH. Men ij^War taken and defirtytd i^ //&» FRENCH this nuhole War. * Taken. Warwick, retaken Greenwich, fmce loft V/ UK i.cllea, retaken B'andford, reltored Hawke, retaken FREN Northumberland Opiniatre Leopard Aigic Greenwich Gu»s. fTaken. 60 Merlin, retaken 50 Stork 24 Deflroyed. to Bridg^water 16 Triton ENGLISH Ramalies Prince George Invincible, F. Refolation Conqueror Buc d'Aquitaine Effex Mars, F. Aaifonable, F. Sunderland Tilbury Litchfield Newcaftle Chcllerfield SPAN Taien. Tigre Reyna Soverano Infante Aquilon America Conqueftado San Genaro San Antonio N. B. There were the Havannab, C H Ships Itfi ly Occident. Cant, 70 Concord 64, Sauvage 60 Harnionie 50 Zenobie 50 Minerve Shtfs loji this War By Accident. go Humber ] Haflar Leofloffe Lyme Tartar'fl prize, F. Biddeford Mermaid 64. Queehborough 64 Ferret Pheafant, F. Peregrine Diligence Scorpion 84 74 70 70 64 60 60 SO 50 44- Cunt, H »4 %o. Cun/i. 26 H I S H Line of Battle Ships. Guns. 70 70 70 70 It 60 60 60 Sunk, Neptuno Afia Europa Taken, Vinganaza Thetis Marte Frigates, 40 28 26 20 , ^* 16 16 H H Gwu, 70 64 60 24 24 18 two fliips of war jaken on the flocks, at THE w t i 1 THE ANNUAL REGISTER OR HISTORY F 1* H £ W A r/. C H A Pi I. Origin of the troubles in North America. Mmiral BoC- •Ti/^^d'^'"';^^ ^'^'^"'^ /'«' thither Oplrat'L 7Z*t' ^f"": 3'Mon repulfes the French. Fremh threaten an ,m>a0„. Fort St. Philip hefieged andtaTZ f^SofPrufui. Ground of the Quarrel between her iZ penal Majefty and that XkonarchT treaty of P^teVLiTr treaty y hrfailles King of Prujfu, eni^fZfyZJi Bohemta. Battle of Lowojitz. Baxon army furre>uSs. TrtE original plan of this work propofed no more than that each volume ihould contain a narra- Year ^^.f ^^'^^'^^ ^^^'"^"'^ '^^ °wn I ear. iJut, becaufe we have entered unon our undertaking in the heat of an almoft general and v^ry im gprtantwar, I thought it would not be unnecS^; aj^greeable to look a little farther back. rwoul7be difficult, perfeaiy to underftand the operation! of the reveral powers at war, without revievvinKthe tran! faams of the preceding years ; nor wou"^ it be w^; ■B to N;f r B I «■ ne History of the War. 175^, to enter into the fpirit of ihcfc, without examining the caufes which more nearly or remotely operated to produce thofe troubles that have mvolvcd fo many parts of the worJu in one common diftraaion. be fo perfea y blended, arofe from caufes which originally ftT(t ^^J'[^^ft^°"«^.«^>n: the uncertain limits^f the i-nglifh ;}nd French ternt(^ncs in America ; and the mutual claims of the Houfcs of Auftria and Brandenbourg on tl^ dutchy of S.lefia. It is no winder that the two former frirnf?h^'"^.''",V?"!l'''>' '" which ;hey confidered the right of the natural Inhabitants as nothing/ Should find Jt a neither of thefe powers were fufficiently acquainted^ with the geography ot America, to enable them to afcertain th« l.mits of their fcveral preteiifions with any tolerable exaft- nefs; nor, indeed were thefc matters deemed of fuffici- ent moment to call for a very laborious difcuffion. At the or'wLf ^'''1!''' whilft fomany more important Interefts, nm^^cnf K " c""'^ '""T '"^P«^tant, were difcuflbd, the limits of Nova Scotia, then called Acadia, were expreffed foot^n^ C7tr '™'' ""^ ^'^' ^° ^' P"^ °" ^ "^^^ certain footing l,y fubfcquent negotiations. Thefe negotiations Iff \ ^'""1 °"^^ '° '"^'"^^^''' ^he former confufion. After the acce/no„ of the prcfent Royal Family, a FreS orthe Z; """f'n "^"?^>^ ^'-^"^ '^^ icumftances of the time, and afterwards a certain negligence of al! affairs but thofe of our domeftic polity,^ fufFered this dSr' ^n" • '° l'"^^ ^^"^^ JoMy^^nt of our conf^! Le Wh^i? *" ^T^^^ '^^'"'^'-"^ themfelves on every ^\La ^^^^ ^g^'^ulture and the maritime commerce flou- rifhed on their coafts, the Indian trade drew feveral of our wandering dealers far into the inland country, and beyond tXf^l'rT^'''^- ?.r ^^'=>' f°""^ them^-elves in aTe- h^htful climate, i„ a foil abundantly fruitful, and watered •^ nedTo ^h^ r^^f ?':;-S'^^^ ^^^'^'■^- ^hefe advantages, joined to thofe of tlie Indian trade, appeared to compenfate for US remotenefs from the fea. It Jas judged, that as the ■fouiurv .'IT irV'f ' r ""'' -^ eood^riglt t'o the inland uhlri ^.' ,' ^°i '° i^'" navigation of the Miffifippi, Mhich opened another door to the ocean. With thef^ views. '!( m now to ^ySB' fhe History of the War. ^ cwi\%L°T"^?!i'"'M^'"'^f^^ P'^"*«"» obtained a charter for a confiderable trait of land near the river Si iin Thet"^^"" fi<^^ of the Alleganey .rnt^ins/b: aan o f'.H ^ °'r"" ""^ ^i'^'"'" ' ""^ '^^ adventurers be- gan to fettle purfuant to the terms of their patent Now began to ihoot forth the feeds of another difoute whjch had long lain unobferved, but ^^hich proved alto- gether as thorny and intricate as that concerning the limits Of Acadia. The French pretending to have ift E vered the mouths of the Miffifipji, claimed the whoi; adjacent country, towards New Mexico on the eaft, nj « ^ the Apalachian or Alleganey mountains on the weft They drove ofFthe new fettlers, and built a new fort cXd duQuefne on the forks of the River MonrngaLla a Tituation which commanded the entrance into all tlie coun try on the Ohio and Miffifippi. ^°""" The reader will obferve, that I do not pretend to decide concernmg the right of either nation in this conteft I t m';?h".r'"/'^» '^^' '^' confideration of the right had much kfs influence on both parties, than the con fideratLn the Engh/h colonies muft-lofe all ihare in the Indian trade in time of peace ; and in time of war be expofed to coml frontier .r* X' *° '"' '"r""^ "^^''^'^'^^ defence of a frontier m... tjian 1500 miles in length. If on the con "■'T,: '^ J^^"'^^ ^o"^'^ f-^1 to make good thlfe ddms" on the Ohio and thofe on Ndva Scotia? their two coiT , yics entirely difunited, and the entrance into one ftiut u^ ntW^r^lr-^^t". ^>^^^^^* ^"d the erance into, he^ ^heMf/^?" '" f ^""^^"^ ^y t^^^'^'^'ks at the mou?h of theMiffifipp. muft certainly lofe ail theirvalue to France ■ ?elrn^:i/?L'^:i^^^^^^^^^^^ Rri-lTr'?T ,?^"^'y f^"t off from Breft. General Braddock failed to Virginia with about , coo rep ular 're'n'anIS "'^^^ ""/^^ ^'^^ AdSs C .755. Tceot^t V ^V'"''^ "".'.^^''^ to America, to in- ^^^ tercept the I^rench lupplies. Orders were fent to our ^ coloni.;s iu 4 the History of the War.* 1755. colonies to arm j and three operations were aftually under- taken, one againft Fort du Quefne under Braddock » the other two againft the French forts in Nova Scotia, and the fort of Crown Point on the Frontiers of New York 1 he two courts in the mean time breathed nothing but peace, and exchanged reciprocal ptofeffions of friendfhip, and good will, which deceived neither party. They who are of opinion that thepaflions andcharaaers of the ruling men influence all public concerns as much as the public interefts themfelves, thought they faw other caufes operating to haften this brtjach. On the death of a great Minifter, which happened fome time before, the adminirtration was new moulded. Some pcrfons then taken in, were confidered as belonging to a party not perfeaiv united with the remains of the old adminiftration. It was thought, that die leading man of this party propofed to work out the old Servants of the crown, in order to make way for a more uniform fyftem. As long as peace fubfifts, govcn^mcnt is fupported W itfelf j and any change is dif! Sn ftr.^"VK',"'!!^"'^r^/. * ™» ^^ * th'ingcri;ical to a miniftry. The leader of this party therefore, confcious of his own talents, which all m«n acknowledged to be con- Ipicuous, and of his conneftions which were confiderable. : warmly puflied on a war, feconded by the fairnels of the public motives, and the general voice of the people. In this war his friends relied, that things muft neceflarily befo embarrafTed, that the old party would find themselves obliged to retu-e, and to leave the ftage clear for them to lervc their country according to their own plans, and on their owii terms. This ddign was believed to be puflied forward by another great man of that party, who had play- ed a game nearly of the fame kind before, and in whom an advanced age had nbt abated any thing of his natural nre and love of violent councils. Things came to a crifis by the taking of two French T "*"' "iy^^ ^y *^^ Admirals Bofcawen and Mof- June 10. tyn. The operations by land were carried on with vigour ; but whether conduced with equal iudcr- ment, we ftand too near the time to decide. However, the French fort at Beaufejour was taken, and foon June 16. after thofe on St. John's river were abandoned; by which we remained mailers of all Nova Scotia. 1 Jie prmcipal expedition was that agaiaft Fort du Quefne, under u ^^ h W' 17 SS' ^be History of the War. 5 under General Braddock. That General abounding too much m hi« own fen fc for the degree of military knowledge he poflcfTcd, commanding in a country which he di J not know, and cargrmg on a foecies of war in which he had no experience, fufferca himfeff, when he had advanced within J^aTVv^T *^"Q?5'"«^» t? be furprifcd by an ambuf- cade of French and Indians. His army was fciz- ed with a panic from the unufuaj appearance, and July o. horned cries of the favages , they fled in confu- ^ fion } they were totally defeated with a confideiable flaujrh- trr,ffpeci:, My of their officers. The General himfelf, aFter having in c horfes killed under him, was mortally wounded ; wiptngawa^r all the errors of his conduftby an honourable deam for his country. The nation was Something confoled for this lofs in the fignal advantage gained by General Tohnfon, who com- manded the expedition def.gned agafnft Crown Point. He was attacked in his intrenchments by Sep. 7. the French General Diefkau, but the affailants ^ ^ SJ'S ?T?' '"? ?i'."§ ^~'" '°^ «'■«'' « diftance, were ^tally defeated and DiefJcau himfeltwas made prifoner. This viaorjr, tho' very honourable for Mr. Johnfon and the provincial troop, under his command, yet as "t Tas gained late in the feafon, and as the army was in ^o vc^ good condition, it had no confeouences. ^On the whol7 jve feemed, after allowinig for this vidlory, and for the di? lodgment of the French from Nova bcotfa, to have had the worrt part m the campaign 5 conf.dering the (^n^u\ne t^ peftations which had been formed, and the greatCeriort ty of ftrength which we exerted, or were alle to have ex- erted, in that part of the world. wait"thTi?r ' •^'"""'"■' '*"'■ ^°"" *°°^ * refolution not to wait the precarious operation of our arms in America for Tblnt^^ *he grievances complained of, but to ftrTke f/ch a blow as would at once put a fecurity into our hands for the evaluating the places the enemy had fortified in ou. merchlnr f^? '"■ ''^^^' *"^ ^^^'' ^^^'^en, Thei? hlen ^ %s were every where attacked, as if war had been aftually declared, and vaft numbers b ough i^to our ports. The trench made all Europe refound wi h com plamts of what they called a proceeding runi^ft and I Violation of the Jaw of .lations I fia.ranl^S "^ceSent! -> td. , ii: ^ 7"/^^ History ^/ /^, War, ' ,755, ed. But, whether it was that they were .cally in no co.- courts m the,r favour by aihew of extraordinary modera- ^ on, they co:Uente<4 themfelves with this, and r either de- dared war nor made any fo.t of rcpr.fal for fevera! month, i7c6 ^f T ^^^^\ ^^^y ^^g=" ^^ ^^ ' ^^veral bodies 1750. Qt troops moved to the coafts or Picardy, Nor- inv.finn T^^ ^""^ ^^'"y ' ^"=^ ^11 things threatened an cfth^-rft /''"'' P' u' °^ ^^'^ ^^*'^g'^°'"- Under the y another^alljance of ^ nature mfin.teW more furprif.ng. The Emprefs Queen lnh.rTP' ^"u '!1^ ^"Sland in no difpofition to co-operate in her defigns had recourfe to other meafures. The houfe of Auftna which had formerly united Europe to prefcrve Jier from thp powpr of France, now entered herfelf into the mplt intimate union with that power. By this extraordinary InlTfLK''^''^'' P.'^'i'"^ ^y^'"" °*" Europe alTumeJ tha^ weS..l/ L "^a-^i'-^ ' revolution fo extraordinary, ^hat we fhall be juftified if we interrupt the courfe of this narrative, to Jo^k back at the caufes which produced i^ tnZ. ■ °f ^'■^"denbourg, a little piore thap twocen- n^rtl.T' J^'' T ^ ''^'y ^""^^^^ condition. • But by the « K- uT ^^ ^^^, ^^"ton'c order; by a marriage froni which fhe acquired the duchy of Cleves; and by^an rnv^ <:ommon fucceffion of able prfnces who carefully Lnroved every f^rmn the affairs o? Germany to their LTamage i!c,!!!l ^"f^^ il ^'^'^'' '^ ' considerable ftate, to^an nnw.r %k"V' ^f.'^^'S^r^^Y^ not only in name but in power. The late King of ^uffia, in order to ftrengthen this power, though he paft almoft his whole reign in the moft orofonnd peace gave his whole attention to his army - frugal in all other refpefts, in this alone he was expenf^ve' itwashisbufinefs and what was perhaps of greaVer mo- ment, itwashisonlydiverfion. Thus in a reigifappareX inaaive, there was always kept up an army of near ,00,000 men, in as much exercife as they could have in war, and formed with the moft perfe^ difcipline. ^ ' When his prefentMajeftycame to the throne, he imme- diately (hewed a difpofition of employing effeaually t^at military force, which his father had ?pent his life only i„ Bifhop of L.ege by the fummary method of force: and f«.uned difpofed to carry all things with fo h;gh an ha^d, "s made %756. rhe History of the War. 9 made him indeed much refpefted, but much dreaded too by the Princes of the Empire, who faw that there was another power to be feared . in Germany, befides that of Auftria. But thefe were fmall matters, rather figns of the flifpofition of this Prince, than exertions of it. He medi- tated much greater things j and only waited an oppoi tu- iiity to make good the antient claims of his family on the moft conftderable part of the dutchy of Silefia. I'he right %o that dutchv had been a very intricate afFair j but the houfe of Auftria availing herfelf of the greatncfs of her power, and of a diflention between the Elcaor Frederick. II. and his fon, prevailed with the Eleftor to give up that right for an eijuivalent ; then {he perfuaded his fon to con- firm the treaty j and at the fame time for a trivial confi- deration to give up the equivalent itfelf. The King of Pruflia, not thinking himfelf bound by thefe afts, though confirmed be a long pofleffion, took advantage of his own power, and tiie embarraflld circumftances of the houfe of Auftria, to refume what their power and the cmbanafTed circumftances of his family had formerly deprived him of. For immediately on the death of Charles the 6th, when the Auftrian greatnefs feemed irrecoverably Dec. loft, he entered into Silefia, and made himfelf mafter 1740! of the whole country with little oppofition. Then uniting with the French and Bavarians, he fecured his conquefts by two decifive victories, and by a trea- ty which yielded him the greateft part of Silefia J""^ ''• and the whole county of Glatz. But the cAufe '742> of the Emperor which the King of Pruffia had embraced, foon caufed a renewal of hoftilities j the Queen of Hungary faw herfelf defeated in three pitched June 2 battles J her new allv the King of Poland, driven 1744 * from his German dominions, and the King of Pruffia entering Drefden in triumph, where he gave the law in a treaty, by which Silefia was once more folemnly confirmed to him: in return to which Dec. 174c he guarantied to the Qiieen of Hungary the reft of her dominions. The Qiieen of Hungary could not eafily lofe the me- mory of the wqund fhe had received in the lofs of one of the fineft and richeft parts of all her dominions. Silefia, which ftie had juft yielded, extended in length 200 miles along the courfe of the iarge and navigable river Oder. A 10 TkS IhSTQ^Y rer3 of Ruffia, or even the repubjic of Poland, tkat this attacH (hould be confidered as a breach of ^^''^^.''B' '^^ Preftlen ; that the right of the Emprefs Queen • to hikfia ceded by that treaty Ihould revive ; and th^ the contiaaing powers fliould mutually furnifti an army of 60,000 men to re-inveft the Emprefs Queen with that dutchy. To this fo extraordinary a treaty, the King of Poland was invited to accede ; and he did fo far accede to it, as to Jhew he perfeaiy agreed in his fentiments with thefe courts, iiut his fituation in the jaws of a formidable enemy, and the experience ot paffed misfortunes,* had rendered him fo vearj-, that he declined figning the treaty; but ftill, with - the confcnt of the parties concerned, whom he fully con- vinced ot his rcfolution to co-operate in all their meafures. He dchred and they agreed, that in the fuccefs of their arms he Ihould have a fhare in the fpoil, on the footing of a T^;r o n^^5 ("'■ ,^he eventual portion, of the Kins; of May i«, IruiTias dommions made in the laft war. On 1 745. thefe eonditions the King of Poland without a^u-' ally figning, was underftood, and received as a party to the treaty of Peterfbourg. Jn confequence of thefe meal^rcs, all fort of means were employed to embroil the King of Pruflia's affairs in the iNorth, and particularly to render him perfonally odious to the Lzarina. When their machinations had taken full ef- tcct, and Ruffzawas fixed in an unalterable enmity to that monarch, preparations of ma<;azines and armies were made in Bohemia and Moravia i and the King of Poland, under pretence ct a military amufement, drew together about 2 6000 men, with which he occupied the ftron