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Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture resUurte et/ou pelliculte Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Caites giographiques en couleur D D Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr^ peut causer At I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure □ Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete f ilmees. 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Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut«tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de f ilmage sont indiqu«s ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagto □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages rostauries et/ou pellicul«es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dicolories, tacheties ou piquees Q Pages detached/ Pages d«tach«es 0Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualite in^gale de I'impression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue □ includes index(es)/ Comprend un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de I'en-tCte provient: □ Title page of issue Page de titre de la □ Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de D livraison la livraison Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison 22X 24 X 28 X 22X Th« copy film»d h«r« has b««n r«produe«d thiinl;« to th« g«n«rotity of: D.B. Weldon Library Univeriity of WMt^^rn Ontario Th« 'magM appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spaclficationa. Original coplas In printad papar covars ara fllmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- •ion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original coplas ara fllmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or Illustratad Impraa- alon, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or Illustratad impraasion. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha •hall contain tha symbol -^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"). or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whishavar appllas. Maps, platas, charts, asc. may ba fllmad at diffarant reduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly Includad In on% axpoaura ara fllmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, laft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad Tha following diagrama illustrata tha mathod: 1 2 3 L'axamplaira filmi fut raproduit orlca A la g«n«rosit« da: D.B. Waldon Library Univariity of Wastarn Ontario iruaTr'-nnM"'"*"*" **"* *** '•Produlta. avac la 2n?«?!.7i * **• ' •*»'"P'«''« *'lm«. at an firmaga '"•* ""**'«'ons du contrst da Lm sxamplairas originaux dont la couvartura an SI? r/oVamErTf ""' """*• •" "'"-•^'- "t dIrnlVI «Ti. ^V " •" «•""'"•"« "it par la darni«ra paga qui comporta unt amprainte d Imprasslon ou dillu.tration. soit p^r la sacond S ?aL?'"" '• *•/.• ^**"* '•• ■"«'•• •"•mpl.lra. orlgir^aux sont film*, an commandant par la prami«ra paga qui comporta una amprainta I. 31^,;.!!^"" "" dillustration at an tarmlnant par la darr^l«ra paga qui comporta una telle amprainte. Un des symboles suivsnts spparaTtra »ur le derniire imege de cheque microfiche, seion le cas: lasymbole — ^.jgnlfie "A SUIVRE". la aymbola V signifie "FIN". tlULZVi' P'*"*^'^"' «"«»l«aux. etc.. peuvent «tre fllmis k de* taux de reduction diff«rents Lorsque le document est trop grsnd pour «tre reproduit en un seul clich«. il est film* d partir et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d images n«cessaire. Les diagrammas suivants illustrent la mithode. 22 1 , " \ TMhnical and Bibliographic Not.. / Not., technique, et biblioflraphiqu« The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur □ Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagte □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur*, et/au pelliculie titre de couverture manque loured maps/ Cattes giographiques an couleur I I Cover title missing/ j I Coloured maps/ n Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'autres documents □ Tight binJing may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr^ peut causer di I 'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure □ Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ It se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete fiim^s. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplementaires: This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filme au taux de reduction mdique ci-dessous ^°^ '4X ,8x L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a et« possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-«tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de f ilmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag*es □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Paget rettauries et/ou pelliculies Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d*color*es. tachmtim, ».. ^.^..s. ou piquees Q Pages detached/ Pages d^tachies 0Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print van Qualite in^gale de I' varies/ in^gale de I'impression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue □ Includes index(es)/ Comprend un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de I'entCte provient: □ Title page of iss Page de titre de □ Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de la o issue/ la livraison livraison Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison Pages 9-12 are repeated. 12X 22X J 16X 26 X 30X 20X 24 X 28 X D 22X I qu'il lecet It de vue •»• cation D 32 X Th« copy film«d hars hat b—n r«produc«d thanks to th« o«n«rotity of: D.B. Weldon Library University of Watti»rn Ontario Tho ifnagM appoaring hora ara tha baat quality poasibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apaclficationa. Original eopiaa in printad papar covara ara fllmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- aion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original eopiaa ara filmad baginning on tha firat paga with a printad or illuatratad Impraa- aion. and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or Illuatratad Impraaaion. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha •hall contain tha aymbol -^ (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymbol ▼ (maaning "END"), whichavar appliaa. Mapa. plataa, charta. asc. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction rctioa. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand eornar. laft to right and top to bottom, as many framaa aa raquirad Tha followiitg diagrama illuatrata tha mathod: L'axamplaira film« fut raproduit grica i la giniroait* da: D.B. Weidon Library University of Western Ontario irua'Tr'-nnM"'"""*" ""* *** ''P'oduitas avac la dll.'nr«i.li"' ."'"'*'• *•"" «*• '• condition at fl?maga "'**' ''»"««'«'o"» ««" contrat da Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura an por la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la 2w • ?■• **"' «»'"POt« "n. amprainta d Impraaaion ou diilustration. aoit par la sacond P -t aalon la eaa. Tou. laa autrat axamplaira. originaux aont film*, an comman9ant par iL prami*ra paga qui comporta una amprainta la 31m!I«°" "" «*'"'"tr-tion at an tarminant par la darr^i«ra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un daa aymbolaa suivanta apparaltra sur la darniara imaga de chaqua microficha, salon la caa: la symbola — ^ signifia "A SUIVRE" la aymbola V aignifia "FIN". ilULltTi' »*'•"*'*'••• «««»l«aux. ate. pauvant «tra fllm*a i daa taux da reduction diff«rants Loraqua la documant aat trop grand pour «tra raproduit an un saul clich«. it ast tilm« A partir i*H- h! Z"'*!"*"' "■"*=*'•• **• fl«"c»'« * drolta, •t da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d imagaa n«caaaaira. Laa diagrammas suivants llluatrant la mithoda. ^iifW^NPPiPPWI^IlWIpiilBP I ■.WH.-Pi-' iL-;^P"9»i^PR"^^P^IIWf'*''"««"1ppPW t' 16. Inclining .".".".'.**.'.'.*.'*.'.*''.'.".' nJ 17. Wheeling and Shoulders Forward.'. "" qi 18. Action ^ Q2 19. Limberingup .'.*.. 93 - i I 48 62 56 66 66 67 61 63 66 67 69 f PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. i The First Edition of this text book having become exhausted and its use having been found of much benefit to thi ^ue a Second Edition. In prepaiing this Edition I have taken the opportunity to make a thorough and complete revision of the whole work, the necessity for so doing haC ansen mainly from changes which have been introduced into the system of drill as practised by the Boyal Artillery, and embodied ,n the Manual of Field Artillery Exercises for 881 and m certain detaUs of equipment, ammunition, etc., which required alteration and amendment. For the purpose of rendering this work more generally suitable as a convenient manual of aU practical Field Artillery exercises, those parf^ which Ulustrated by example the tactical employment of ArtiUery .:, recent campaig^ and whkh t eated upon the scientific explanation of the general prin^ pies of gunnery have been omitted, as also the section on disciphne The former will, I trust, be eventually included in a Text book adapted for more advanced theoretical in- struction suitable for both Garrison and Field Artillery, ine latter has alreadv Lefiti tiiiKHqTi^ «« ai.._ j-. ^ ^ / have been added to this work as an appendix. I ii 19 The general arrangement of the Royal Artillery Manual, 1881, has been taken as a general guide for the arrangement of the contents of this work, but whilst adhering as closely as possible to the Royal Artillery system of drill, the dis- tinctive characteristics of drill without wagons have been generally adopted. A Section on Brigade drill has been added for use in camps of instruction, and several minor additions, alterations and amendments have been made wherever it seemed advisable throughout the whole work. Delacherois T. Irwin, Lieut. Col., , InsfBctor of Artillery far the Dominion. Ottawa, January, 1884. ^F T ! I nual, tnent osely 5 dis- been ^F CONTENTS. imps and iable n. Section 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Part 1.— Artillery Material. ^'^ The Gun 19 The Gun Carriage 21 The Limber £3 The Ammunition Wagon 26 Sleigh Carriages 26 Part II. — Ammunition. Common Shell ^g Shrapnel Shell , 30 Case Shot 32 Service Cartridge 32 Exercising Cartridge .* 33 R. L. Percussion Fuze 34 9-Seconds Fuze 3g 5-Second8 Fuze 39 IS-Seconds Fuze 39 Copper Friction Tube ' im Quill Tube .';.* 41 Paper Tube 41 Brass Primers 41 Portfires 42 Quick Match 43 Slow Match 43 Fuze Hole Plug 43 Papier Mdch^ Wads 44 Gunpowder 44 Classification 46 " Description 47 12 I, ft I l^ART III. —Instructions Relating to Equifment. 1. Packing Ammunition and Stores 48 2. Detail of Stores [ 52 3. Practice and Exercise Ammunition.......... 55 4. Arms ^ ^^ gg 6. Accoutrements .''.'..' SG 6. Fitting Saddles, Bridles, Harness, etc 57 7. Putting uj> Harness in Barracks and Camp 61 8. Cleaning Harness 63 9. Detail of Equii.)m ent 66 10. Harnessing '/'* qj 11. Equipment of Horses 69 Part IV.— General Instructions for Driver*. 1. Duties after a March , g^ 2. Filing in and out of Stables 81 3. Mounting with Haraess Bridles 81 4. Sit at Ease q2 5. Dismounting with Harness Bridles ! . . . ... . . . 82 6. StandatEase 83 7. Saluting when Mounted 83 8. Hooking in *'*.' 83 9. Four Horses Abreast 86 10. Driving Generally *'... 86 11. Moving off from a Halt ''.*.*'* 88 12. Halting or Pulling up , 81 13. Alteration of Pace 89 14. Taking Ground ...........'. 90 15. Reversing '. .' \' gj 16. Inclining gj 17. Wheeling and Shoulders Forward 91 18. Action 92 19. Limberingup 93 fi f^ ^ •« r 13 Part V. — Equitation. 1. Open Manege 95 2. Preparatory Instructions 96 3. Saddling when not in Draught 96 4. Bridling 97 6. Leading 97 6. Mounting with Stirrups 99 7. " offside., * lOO 8. Dismounting off side 100 9. Mounting and disn ounting without stirrups 100 10. Position Mounted loi 11. Position of Bridle Hand , 104 12. Dressing 104 13. Preparatory Sword Drill on Foot 104 14. The Sword when Mounted 106 — *6. Eules for Markers 1O8 16. Officer*8 Salute 109 ^17. Sword-arm Signals 109 18. Sights and Sounds ...*, no •^Part VI.— Tactical. 1. Definitions m 2. Drill— General Rules 118 3. N. C. Officer and Men Saluting 123 4. Instruction in Laying Ordnance 123 6. Standing Gun Drill 128 To tell off. 128 Positions of Detachment 128 . Mounting and Dismounting 129 130 Exercise with Drag Ropes *i30 Changes of position of Detachment 131 To Change Rounds 133 To Unlimber 133 Position and General Duties 135 Action 137 Load ^ 137 Tn Jmv fV»Q riiin •• .^ make Ready and Fire 140 14 ' ' ToOttloirf. CeaseFiifJng tV^ Change Rounds in Action.'.*.*.'.'.*.*.'.'. iTo Limber up J^o 6. Mountingan(fDi8inounJi'ngPieid'o;d*n*in^^^ I43 To Dismount Oun and Carriage \A Mount Gun and Carriage.?... yA ^^ Replace a Damaged Wfieel .'..'.'.'. {Ig " Put on tho Drag Shoe.*.*.*.;'.*.'.'.*.;;;; it^ To Move Disabled Ordnance iS Gun without a Wagon, Carriage Di^bl^*; m Gun with a Wagon, Carriage disabled.. !? 151 Gun Axletree Arm Broken }?« Gun Carnage, one wheel partially d'iaa'bV^ I63 Part Vli. -Instructions op the Battery k-^u Brigade Mounted. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. Intervals and Distances Parade '*" Turning out .'.*.*.... Telling off and Proviiig Comma ds and Signahi... .'.*.!*.*****'*.' Rules for Markers General ....,!.... Battery. '-.....!.....*.. Brigade »....!......... Dressing *']] ManoBuvres, Preliminaiy^ Obs'erVations.'.'.*/ * Canymg G^ j Detachments. . . . Line Change Fro:2t , ..... ........". Echelon . ....*.*.*.*.*,*,**" Column , . ,. ........... ,,.**. * Action.. -. . 154 166 156 157 158 162 162 162 163 164 165 167 169 170 170 171 171 172 Ofji ift^ 1^ «^C.. In«pection or Review, Battery.. .. i*tk Marching Past . ' J;2 Ranking Paat ', H^ Trotting Past *; J;^ Sword Exercises fZ^ 6. Inspection or Review, BrigadeV/V'V isn Marching Past ^ ;°V Trotting Past :..:;;;;:::;:;; ; \tl 7. Movements of a Battery, from Line IR^ No. 1. To come into Action....:.. }2? 2. « Advance JgS 3. "Retire }^^ *"■ " "fSnk" <^'''"""''«f Divi^i-ins' from'a 1 J " ^""K'' s™"' "> the Keir.;:;;.:;:::; JJ? 1^ «T^ "*"*" Intervals ,00 Js' .-^^''''"^'^^"^'■ywhenatHiflnter^iia 189 15. " ChariL'e Front on a FUnlr Q,.tj- • • ** f?' « 9"^^^^ ^^«^<^ ^or Action {qj 21. A^ Batterer in EcheJon of Divisions* 'i^ v^iiange riuiir when in Action...........: 193 16 22. To Change Position to a Plank 192 I?' u S^angePosition by throwing back a Fu'nk 193 -^4. Jjorm Column of Divisions in Rear of a Flank 293 26. "Break into Column of *DiViion8**to'*a Flank 194 Movements from Column *.*.**" 195 26. From Column of Route to Form Coiumn of Divisions 195 27. Column of Divisions to advance in Coiumn of Route 19g 28. From Column of Divisionst'o wheel into JLine... j9g 29. From Column of Divisions to Foriii Line* Q/» n ^^'L *^e Leading Divisions 196 ^. ± rom Column of Divisions or Subdivisions, Line Right or Left on the leading Divi- sion or Subdivision for Action 197 31. Retiring inColumn of Divisions to Form Line on the Leading Division for Ac- tionRear ... 298 32. Changing tho Order of a Column.*. ..'*.*.'.*.'.*.** 198 33. To Countermarch a Column of Divisions.. 198 Movements of a Brigade, from Line 199 JNo. 1. To Advance in Column of Batteries from a Flank , , .^ 299 2. " Advance in Echelon of Batteries froma Flank , ooo 3. " Retire by Alternate Batteries..."*....*!*!! 200 4. " Change Front to a Flank... 201 6. *< Change Front Right Back !!!!*!.*. 202 6. " Change Fronton a Central Battery.*.'.*!.*.*.* 202 7. " Change Front to the Rear 203 I' 1 S^°g® Position bv Echelon of Batteries 203 9. Change Position by Divisions from a Flank 203 10. " Form Column .'! 204 t if3k >s% 17 11' To Move to a Flank along the Rear 204 Movements from Column.. 205 ■ iQ* «'^?^^®^"'"^*® ^^^elintoLine.. '..'.*.* .'!.*.*.' 205 lA rv ^ ^ormLine on the Leading Battery 206 lo Countermarch a Column of Batteries... 206 Movements from Quarter Column... 207 15. From Quarter Column to Deploy to a Flank 207 lb. ^rom Quarter Column Deploy to both Flanks *,,J^ 207^ 17. From Quarter Column open out'to Coiiimn 207 • *J0"a Quarter Column Form Line to a l^lank 208 19. :^om Quarter Column Chknge Front' Vo'i i^lank ° 208 20. From QuarterColumnReverae theFront V 2 09 3<1. A Quarter Column of Batteries taking ground to a Flank to Deploy on the Rear ^*"ery 210 Part VIII.— Miscellaneous. 1. Accidents in the Field 211 Accidents to mounted men oio 2. Passage of Rivers 074 Swimming a Horse '* tit .3. Encamping .*.'.. V.'.V.V.V.V.'. 216 Pari IX. —Employment op Artillery in the Field. 1. Organization o,„ 3 ofrP^^r;??'^^*? "^^ ^r'** Rink;'of Office;; 218 ^. (ieneral practical Rules Ziq 4. Outposts .'* 1*2 General Rules for Officer commalidVngAitill lery Outposts ^ oon 6. Escorts :. ....;;; ^26 6. Marches—Advanced Guank ".*.*.'*. Ht Rear Guards H^ Main Bodv ??? Orders forthe Ma^.,l[^.'^^^^^^^[[l 230 18 7. Field AxtffleryEnlrenclmients.. 231 Barbette Shelter.... 233 Part X. — Qunnbrt. 1. Definitions 235 Definitions of Artillery Fire.... 237 2. The Gun... 238 Material for Ordnance 239 Rifling 239 Muzzle or BreecVloading 242 Proportion of Weight to Charge , 242 3. The Projectile 243 Forces apting on a Projectile in the Bore... 243 '; " " " " during flight.. 244 Variable Forces acting on a Projectile 246 4. Effect of Projectiles..... 248 Common SheU.. 248 Shrapnel Shell..... 249 Case Shot 262 6. Artillery Fire 252 Shrapnel Shell 253 Comjnon Shell. 265 Firing at Moving Objects 256 Selection of Men 256 6. Ranee Finding 257 Table of Tangents 268 To Measure Distances 258 Use of one Sextant ^ 269 7. Range Tables 260 6-pr. R. B. L 260 7-pr. R. M. L 261 9-pr. R. M. L 262 Bronze Guns and Howitzer 264 18-pr. S. B 266 40-pr. R. B. L 266 Appendix. Statiikg6rdera.........V.,...V.V.V......^^^^^ 267 231 233 ... 235 .. 237 .. 238 .. 239 .. 239 .. 242 .. 242 .. 243 .. 243 .. 244 .. 246 .. 248 .. 248 .. 249 ,.. 262 .. 262 .. 253 .. 266 .. 266 .. 266 .. 267 . 268 .. 258 .. 269 .. 260 .. 260 .. 261 ,. 262 .. 264 .. 266 .. 266 „ 267 ORDNANCE WROUGHT IRON RIFLED MUZZLE WEIGHT PREPONDERANCE 8 CWT. I \ la^s"^. A. _._ „ ^as Jl^ommalZenaffu lifambero/' Groayes^.3 S£CTI0N OF 3R00V£ lUUeuce. RIFLED MUZZLE LOADING 9 Pr 8 CWT. MARK I. a CWT. I PR 4LB. RANGE ^__ 7 3.3. 71 , j* ^^'S\£m^ihofBof^ ^fft. of Gun. 23-5... CTION OF SROOVE lUH Slice 4 \^3'6 ijS'^X I ORDNANCE WROUGH ^ I TROUGH ^ > Parti. #! i i TW. ARTILLERY MATERIAL. SECTION 1. The Gun. 5 feet 8.6 inclies. 6 feet. 5 feet 3.5 inches. 4 feet 11.8 inches. 7 lbs. 3 inches. 8 cwt. 1 qr. 6 lbs. 3. French modified. 1 in 30 calibres. 1,381 feet. Designation.— Ordnance, wrought Iron rifled, M.L. 9 Pr. 8 cwt. /- nominal Length, J *?^^ - - ° ^ ' of bore - - ^ of rifling - - Preponderance ~ - Calibre ~ - Nominal weight - Grooves - -. Twist of rifling, uniform Initial Velocity Construction.— The 9 Pr. Muzzle-loading rifle gun con- sists of two pieceo — one shrunk over the other the "A tube " or "barrel,** and the "breech coil." The " £. tube," which extends the whole length of the gun , is formed from a cylinder, or ingot, of cast-steel, bored and turned to the proper dimensions, after being toughened in a "bath" of oil. The " breech coil " is of wrought iron, and is composed of two pieces welded together, the part in rear of the trunnions , being manufactured from bar-iron, which is coiled round a mandrill and welded, the fibre of the iron running round in the direction of the length of the bar, whilst the part from close behind the trunnions to the front, is forged soHd, this latter piece, after being rough-turned and bored, is welded to the coH. 20 «i?^®i »^^v®°^ ^°^^" **^®^ *^® ^°™* <*^ * i*«^fet to the barrel, the two pieces having been turned and bored to the proper dimensions, the "breech coil" is expanded bv heat, and then lowered over the "barrel " which is placed in a vertical. position to receive it, the coil, on being afiowed to cool, contracts so as to grip the barrel, the two pieces, in a measure, thus becoming one. Sighting —The gun is sighted centraUy with a tangent scale or hind sight, and a dispart or foresight. The tangent scale consists of a rectangular steel bar, with a cross head abo of steely the bar is graduated in degrees, each degree being subdivided into twenty divisions, a divSion being equal to three minutes of elevation. The cross head is grooved on the top, and is fitted with a gun metal leaf, which can be moved either to the right or to the left, to compensate tor accidental deflection, caused by wind, one wheel being higher than the other, etc., the front of the cross head w bevelled, and graduated right and left of the centre, in divi- sions reading three minutes each. The leaf is moved or clamped by means of a thumbscrew working in a slot in the back of the crosshead. The tangent scale works in a gun metal socket inserted in the breech of the gun at an angle of 1 deg. 30 mins. to the left, that beiug the angle which com- pensates for the derivation ♦ of the projectile, caused by the rifling. The cross head is fixed on the bar with a correspond- ing dip to the right so as to be horizontal when the scale is P j*8e. When the tangent scale is lowered to zero its apex M flush with the upper surface of the gun, this protects it from injury when not in use ; when raised it is kept in position by a gun metal thumb screw. The dispart sight is a small steel "leaf," screwed into the gun near the muzzle. The metal of the gun at this part is made the same thickness as at the breech, so as to form a dispart patch," and give a line parallel to the axis of the gun. This sight, also, is protected from injury in mounting, discounting, etc., by being fixed in a recess. * The deviation caused by rifling is called derivation, that caoMtl b wiud and other oiroumstancea, deflection. ^1 •« ii^- 21 that the whole^f the%torumll'p%t^*f 'tl'° ??7« may be blown out,andako for the prDoae of fiSl ** duced charees Thi. lnV),«=* ,•„:»• i ^i^- "* """8 Terr re- tionately greater. *^ would be propor- SECTION 2. Cfun Carriage, Mark II. ^^id^^tr'-""^'-^^^^^^^^ the^t»?be"W^^ttm'tTb' *" *" P°^'-» "^ point of the traQ Hp trTn^f^?^* ^^.^^ converge to the "Kb'S'olb'^iLdlSt --.-»«"^«ng with the -nJtmftheTn^L'^rr.f.e^?"'^^^^ *=?'^^°^ «"« Wy tree arm^ conicaHn fomi LTtr^i*f "S "''*'°°' ">« "!*• box," are' in d^ctVZ'Xn"„7l»°i,«i/„}'!r'' ."fP" but have two inclinatinn« r^t^T v I.? .^ ^^ *^® axletree, termed " the houSw of the ^ ?^ful f""^'^'' "* "«'' compensate for the "dish "^fl.7 i I'^v^'^'f" "» ""^er to spoke in turn, as it com™ to th. i ^^^^ ^l ^""^"^ ^^ other slightly fotwn^^0B2i.iP^^"'"^'?T'y'«'««3; the «nn." wLhieeTa thTVheel trSe'onTsf *^ 7^ "^ ">« ^- .^= O.U pa«ern carriages the axletree bed ism;;d;of wo"d 9jad w 8e<^ure4 to the brackets by iron ban^a and screw bolts. There is an iron plate under the axletree bed, at each end. to prevent the lifting jack cutting the wood when the wheels are being removed for any purpose. WHi;B;i8.— The wheels are those known as the Madras pattern. A wheel consists of the nave, the spokes, and the felloes ; t^e nave is the centre of the wheel ; it is made of gun metal in three pieces, viz., 2 flanges and a pipe box, the pipe box fits over the axletree arm, and revolves round it when the carriage is in motion, the flanges fit over the pipe box and keep the spokes, which are made of oak, in position round the pipebox, t.c, as radii of the circle of which the nave id the centre ; the flanges are secured hj nutted bolts, one bolt between each spoke, the pipe box is prevented revolving in the flanges by a projecting feather winch fits into a slot cut on the inner flange ; the spokes have a slight inclination out- ^a^ds, abo^t half an inch to the foot, this is called the " dish of the wheel," it is given in order to enable them to withstand the external thrust to whic^h they are subjected in passing over rough g;roun4, when one wheel is frequently higher thiin the other ; the greater distance between the wheels above also leaves more room for the load, and gives greater facility of approach to the parts near the axletree. The felloes Me made of ash. TJie wheel is shod with a ring tire 2^ inches broad and | iiich thick. A field service wheel is 5 feet high an4 weighs 2 cwt., qrs., 6 lbs. The carriage has the follow- ing fittings, viz :— -wrought iron cap squares secured by keys, metal sockets, with bolts to receive the trunnions of the elevating screw box, a staple with strap to secure the hand wheel of the elevating screw, a handspike ring, shoe, and pin, a sponge plate on right bracket, a plate beneath the trail and Staples, with straps lor securing a sponge on right bracket, a traversing handspike on left, and a spare sponge and hand- spike beneath ; a metal nut under the front transom with staple and strap to receive and secure a wadhook worm ; fittings for drag shoe and chain, small stores, &c., breast rings, f(f^ l^.dles, and a, range plate* ^ 23 The glue and a copper CnV an A. "P'-'-ee^ »t«ve by marine bound with Conner on th^^.i, ™??'"' ^^' »>«> »f elm. iron at the oornere t^"^/.™ .^ j !^8e of the lid and hoop bed, one on e^de bYtwIn T^J" «t«'»Pof UieaxletreS mb-'plates and sta^of'' r„"n V''^dSt """^ '^'''''''^ rounds of ammunition ptr tllL *" ^"ying « few the gun detachment Z froA &the'„n„'*'*' M^Z "' IS covered with leather i««p^,?,.Tl' .1, "PPeT.P't of which »d protects .heSoTtWe^/'^hirf'',"';.*' ^*• secured at one end to the euard and .t tlT^ « leather strap uon bolt attached to the fnn« comer ^( t-^'l '"* '" " « support to his back there if XT ■ ** 5"^ »«'" " whic^, when not in use sM^iJf ^Y^'^'J ^r the feet box aid is secured by a turScWe '^^^"^ "" *'"' ^''« "^ "'• con8Lrofa''^Sri;;?^'«"'^ \-^" '• Whitworth, it closed in an^^nToxwhTr" ".«''t;°g> « metal nut en- between thebS^kete '-S^ oscillates from front to rear ted by a shaf t'^L^t sm^^U^ "hLVd' Xto^^t^irtt Cret SECTION 3. Limber. The limber consists of a framewnrV f^r^^A v « ^ ..„. ..«^,,,,^^. pj^,^ ^ ^^^^^ ^j^^ "spUnterbar," and 24 ii connected by the longitudinal pieces, called "futcheUn " in Tided with 3 box staples In rear to which tWi.«V^„ ?• L'nuVr 'Tr'^- ^^^ --m^nUioT toe^LeTrZd"? in number, 2 large ones about 21 inches square, for c^^ina projectiles and cartridges, and a narrow one between Xn? to hold fuzes. The edges of the lids are bound withTZeran^ the boaies are strengtEfened with comer pieceVof fron^ The two large boxes act as seats and, to protect the men from whil r V' ^''f ".^ *^« «"*«i^e with folding gSirS iJon^ wkch dou(,le completely back for stowage in transport When .hI if J v' ''»?>. *o which the trail of the gun carrisBP « steel Wngs o^„ ?hSde iL'te t^lilT/rln^ t^ the hook whenpaasing over roueh aTour,A w. ki. ^ wUch iB pa^sedjhroufb a hole ifth^ook. ^ " ^"" "^"^ fon':i^'."'.^laX-!^ '° -'^^-"'^guncarriage has the 1st. The limber and horses can be removed from fht^ r^n^ii wjuch may be offered, as houses, irregularities of ground, eta 1 M to 25 '^^^^^^^^ -.,2 wheela readily laid and gives more ?oomf ntV^ ^T^ ^^^"^ "^^Te 3rd. When limbered up the ^^1^^ ^""^^ers wording it. weight of the limber off t^e ho^IS l^v ' * Proportion oAhe ment gives ample score for T-tf '' ^""^ ^^^ ^""^^ »"ach- chancesofupet'w uneven g^^^^^^^^^ diminishing the connection aflowini? liinbpr .t^ ground, the absence of rigid clinations indepTn/en^y """^ «"^ "^^« ^« ^^^^ various g^ BraXg7at:n'^w&^ »«/" off/' the latter ia the the BPiintVbarTndtt:re':;^^r^ ^^^^«^ Bequentlycan be madrmucrtS.r .r^^?^'/^'^' i**^«^- allowing more space for The mi d?n ^^^^^^ ^f wood, thus caiTiage is movin^g ovL heavy ground ^'^ *^°"^^ ^^^^ *^« apHnraa^^^^^ the near pended vertically^inLS th^.^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ »"«- by an iron bolt which Das^.fK ^^^^^'^^chell. It is secured cBell, and shaft, and fs kevpS "^i" *^' footboard, left tut pa^es through the V 8^'^'^" fn'/fi?'^ u^^« ^^ «^*ft m front of tlie axletreeted wh^A ^-^ ^"3*^" ^«° ^^^^^^^ carries an iron washer this wnl I' ^''^''^ *^«"^^e draught, tree arm when the Ss areTttS f ''°^ T^5.^^ ^° ^^^^ «!«- For double draught the nL. II '''' "'^^l^ draught, splinter bar band, tt end fit?L^int^r ' ^^.«" A^ centre the axletree bed, and is securpd^l ^ "^""i^T ^"^ ^'^^t of through the platVormLard centre tf'^V''^'. ""^'^ ?»»«« keyecf underneath. ' ^*^® futcheU and shaft, and ia arm. acting at the same time i a w^w' *"'* "^ *« "l^tre' the trace loops at the eXeSfo^TlIe'Stt^bS^'''"^ '" 26 SECTION 4. Ammunition Wagon. y.lP't^^^'^^^^^'^^^^?^ «o^si«t« of a wagon body and lim- tS ^L^T ^^,"^g/dentical with tjiat already described twn 3 T'fl^ ""^ \ Pf '^> *^« sides, two platfoim plates, t^e. ^.H w?"^'/ ?vf "" P^^*^^'?^ ^«^^«> «^ ^^l^tree bedf axle-' ^k n W. V f ^' ^^^ '^""^ *' '° g"^ «^™^ge : it is also fitted with a block for carrying a spare wheel. «,,i^® iT*^^'^ ^^ ^^''^^^^^ ^^^^ ^our ammunition and two S«n/^ r.^*^ * '^''.^*' cartouche for each of the first. SiSl'^'' ^T ^'"^^f ^'^' ^°^ ^^^ 0^ tte latter, a drag shoe with chain and space \ashing8. SECTION 6. Sleigh Carriages. ThSSI"^^ its ammunition can be arranged on sleighs, ^^h iL^tr-T^^'f'^fi^ platform placed on runners 16 inches high, th€ breadth of tie runnei-s teing three feet. The sum- ZL^y^"" '*'' ^ '"^^'^'^ ^^ ^^^ «l^^g^ i^ ^e of Three sleighs form one subdivision. i*.Z ^ '^ mounted the gun (muzzle to the front), with Xint^^A' ^l- ^ ^^^ ^^ '^^ "^^^ «f the gun to hold ammu mtion, and which serve as seats. hna^' Lf^f!'''''^^T i^'^^ ^^"«« *^^ front box of wagon ^^JnJt} g«n limber boxes. No. 2, the rear box of the «?r^rrt'/^ ^.?.^ *^' '^^^?^ ^^^' ^«^^«- The knapsacks thP^fnlro r^'^''^' ^^T^ i^^. '°^^ ^« ^«^P »^d roads narrow, aubdfvkfniT '^'^''1^ ^ '^ ^^^^* ^^ distributed between the surKU visions they are to assist. Whpr.i'«W^? * ^' drive straight down, however steep. to thp %tf V i! yj^^^'.tje i^orses should be thrown off to ttie side to which the sleiffh in^lmoo +^ „i^,., . ;*__^ .i.„_ checked, horses must be puffed iTpT"^ "" °^'" ' " ""' '"^ 27 Single Draught— Wien this becomes necessary, the off horse remains m the shafts, which are shifted to centre of sleigh • long rems are buckled on and horses driven from sleiSh • near horses have each a pair of leading traces hooked on. and are hooked on in front of shaft horses, drivers remain moun- ted. If a third horse is required, he is placed between the otners, the leading rein being attached to crupper ring of lead- Coming into action.— l^o. 5 unhooks the swingletree, places It on the back of the near horse, then steps in and takes hold of the shafts on the near side ; 4 takes hold of the shafts on tne off side, and the two numbers lift them off, laying them cently on the ground ; 3, as soon as he comes up, pl^es the hook of the swingletree in the crupper ring, hoat upwards. No. 1 gives the word "Drive on" when all is ready. In coming into action to tbe front, or to the left, the gun horses move to the right and form in reir. In action right they move to the left and form in rear. ^ Part II. AMMUNITION. The varioiLj stores issued with the 9 Pp. M. L. R. ffun. embraced under the term Ammunition, consist of the fol! lowmg : — \ Projectae^ ( Shelly I gg^^^l- . I Shot, Case. J Service flannel, 1| lbs. Cartridges, { Exercising Silk, I lb. T Percussion, Koyal Laboratory. Fuzes, j ^j^^ i 9 seconds M. L. O. Tubes, friction, copper. Primers, Brass, for Shrapnel shelL Gunpowder. Portnres. Slow-match. Fiize-hole plugs. Wads, papier machie. SECTION 1. Common Shell Des^ignation— Shell Eijled, Muzzle loading Common, 9 Pr. Description.— Is of cast-iron, having a cylindrical body and ogival * head, or point, the curve of the head being struck with a radius of 7-5 inches ; the shell is cast hollow SHELL. R. M. L COMMON, 9 Pr.. IV. MEAN WEIOHT «HEU EMPTY t.9yiT"T't'~' BURSTIMO CHAROC , T-^f j I % TOTAL ».; I ilfe I^m'BbMT HM i--> \0v*rsiddi3'MlS> t--4-. i$ I 1 » V ' J I 8» i 29 It 18 proviisd with a craS ?"?''' ¥ Miction of rotatw^ Shell r'V'"""g'' ^S ti:Tu«fi '" '\' P°^' ^'d tSe' ine tune fuze, however is nnf^'^/Z^P^ciallv required »% destructive wl.i«^«-.7 /^^ branches. Thp.v «. "^f '^r paratively hard ground, as was the case from the hifls mnr^A Sedan on the paved streets below. ' '''''''^ *f f r^^"" f f •P*]''''*^ "'^ ^^^^ ti^e fuzes is for curved fire at trooj)s behind earthworks, or rolling curves of Jriun? thl SECTION 2. ^Arai^n.^ Shell. Dedgnation,-Shell, Rifled, M. I, Shrapnel- Boxer, 9 Pr. ' r nrZ^^Tf'i!^''?'-~V'^ ^^^7 is a hollow cast-iron cylinder eSn.]v^'-i^P; b^^^v&g a solid bottom ;rS naUv ft I rv?/^"-'.*^^""^^ "" ^^' ^^"^"^^^ she5;Tnter chambers "^'^'^ '^'^ *^" ^^^^^» *^^ P«^««s nipe, wUh is screwed into it, and wWcffo^ WsfcwJ «>mmunication between ihe faT^d th^ Durstuijg charge ; this pipe is also tapped intemallv at thp t™ receive a primer, wVch ilaslies t£J flame ^om the fuL ?? _ lUe bullet chamber up to mark * IV, inclusive, is weak- ti.t.^^V*'^ '''' """'"''*'' ^ ^^""^ °» t"*^ side of the shell, near tnebw ^""" » A I- *°** *^^ ****• of mftnuiaoture on one of the studi. t I T 31 lined with browrpln r t^^nd filrt ,""' ^^^ened') ; it i. the inteiptices between them heinHC '^,h 'i"'™"-??. the bullets are covered wiib . v.„.„. i- . melted rosin, ogival in form, having a gun metal socket il T^^- ^'^.°' point, for the fuze-holp /in ,Tf A socJtet, or bouche, m the £ve, -the „„«: orthe"l^oct t> Id^ " '^rf.^ supported, but in 8uh«iPoiiPr.f ?.«♦; -x -^ "° ^"^ ^^^ un- L. O. time, and 9 seconds mY PS'?-^"^ ' " '"^o^ds M. Jie otau^dtrnt'rf 'i^uSf '" "T', ^'^t^^ "PO" the at, and tbeZg^^^iE^^tTT^^^' "'e "bject fired !!!!!l^l^^l455X&eui^l^r«'"-g«. the SECTIONS. Case Shot. De^nation-Shot, nfled. M. Z, Case, 9 pr. sides bein^in t£^a J ^,^«^'?a^^^^^ ^^' «^ t^e ful^ nels are two rows of « sidett"' t^nf '°^ mto these chani zontaUy from the outside cfthp'fnl? ? ^''°'^' ^^^^^^ ^^ri- apart (feom oentreTo centrp mi ' ?* * ^^^^"^^ «^ '2 inch in one^ow not beinVopS^^^ vertically), the holes diWdin^ the space, the^omthuV^ '"^ *^' "'^^^^ b«* odd anJ even^tentks of aT Sch from tbp^ respectively the fuze. The holes Kkp tw^- T ^ ,® ^^'® Pomt of the powder, with the exceVtin n?T V ^^^ ^^^^^ ^i^h pistol whichi/boredcrmplefe^^^ ^'^' of each^ow sure the ultimate acVnTf tSeSoud^^^^^ ^*^ i^' erly prepared), and fiUed Mdth nn?! .^''\^.^^^"^P^op- the powier in the channels ThfnT**'^ ""^^^^ «»^PP«^t« side holes, and a groove conneTfiJ^^^'r^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ tom, are aLo filled^^ZuTck ' ItJ ^^l^^^"^ }^ ^he bot» IS to cause the powder in boTh .1 T^^^^Ject of the groove therebv causinfa^toV^er ^^^^^^ to explode at once, tom of the fuzf we cov?L wff'K ^ ^H '}^^ ^^^^' and bot- side hole is marked two ImlTf^ varnished paper. The first fuze composition thr^^thoTSfi"^'^^ **i^« *«P ^^ '^^ tppsideho'lebeinginLuof 2infh^f?^'^ Powder above the time of L ,rning being thel^ ^"'^ composition. The resist the action of tfe bor?r wh^f ^ * gf^ater substence to at a short range, it not beii^\'o S''f ^ *^^ ^"^« *« a<^t away. ^ ' ^^ ^^^^ «« hable to crack or break Object of the Powder Channpts- ti,. >k are necessaiy when the fut^^uS^^^,^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ :> convey the fl«sh /i^«~^.r_j" ." - '"® ^nrapn« shell •^v.uvvaras, iiie bursting charge 38 l)eing at the bottom of the h»i«17 on. with the common shell when firj^ «?^7 *''® *^° ^«^^^«d being liable to be closed hvr nit •^^''^^ '»°^^»' thesiJehole of th% shell in the fuze hole "^'^ '°'^*"^* ^^^^ *^^ ^etal BidlLeT^^^p^X^^^ the^t of the borer in the tenth of fuze b^ngen^ual to L^^^^ «^ %ht (a mately), and boreVnlTthe IZm^TA^^ ^"^'^ ^roxl contact with the side of the fuzp JStT^^ '^.t ^?''^^ ^^'"es in the fuze in the fuz7hole bv .Jl; J^ H^^"^ the borer, and fix W ; if necessl?;;i?tay^br«'^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^'^ the "gamst a limber Wx &c m^r, *l ^T-® ^^ * «'»«'* Wow £e ta^e strip is t^'l^trT^Hh^h:^'^^^^^ '"^ ^^5^?^ pnmmg loosened. ^ ^^ ®^ *^® fuze, and the roifnTthe'^d^nLt^^^^^ t <1-^^^— tch chaige, this passie into the it, Ll^^ilu^r*^^ ?*"^« fro»i the position whffi^msunif"^ ignites the com- the bored side hoTwhen^^^^ ^PPosite channels igniting tievowdevtTJ.^ZT '^*^ t^epowder aneously , the flWe WwWol, i •* "^^^^ ^\P^«^^« i^«tant- the bursting chaise ^ ^^'''''^ '"*° ^^^ «hell ignites tion'wh^r jllfi':^^^ ^''"^^^ .^"-^« -hen in mo- they bnm when at r^t ""' ^' designated by the time yards in range by 2, and ad|_ ^--l^mde hundreds of Up to 1000, , 1000 to 2000, 9 2000to3000| 3 ^o^'^'S'el^H^^^^^^ ^-^ -^ over one •nd tenths of the fuze being Z^^^^^ ^T' *5«Po«ition Issued.— Five in « x;r:^,.^^*^eci and numbered. cyKnderknglLSeSbya'S'sl'?^ the Junction of lid and ; label on top^of t^S^I^f.^^^^^^ over it, there is W of fuzes packed i^T"^ indicating the nature aid num. \ t Y \ 39 K V 3 « SECTION 8. o seconds. * -"ww, ju. x,., «c?p W-™'^""- '"<= « -ond fuze, with the f,U„„.-„g -e^o. tenths o^Z^t^t.-^.R^r^ft^^ "l^onl'KlP^""^ """"^ - ""e 9 seconds are painted ^e^to^of the cylinder in whiA they are packed is .Uo JSrhundM^J^tfirH^ 1 ^- « '»'hs :^ add 1. ^^"^™°«6 by 2, and if over 1000 SECTION 9. rp, . ^^ Seconds Fuze. Mark I position (1 inch in 74 seconds^ A i^ °^?'.°'^ burning com- of rjeal powder hartne ? hoi- I, ^"5 "^ ** » ^fi" pelkt depth of W. TherTafe skpo^ef i"*","* centre^ to a the bottom by quick :match'^Ci' .^"'"''? '=»»''«'ted at pressed into the bottom of eff !i. "? '2,?'»' 8«>oTe and of one channel is bo.^ th^^h "d''ti ^h •»«»" hole Match. The paper scale SCiv^*^ *'* 1"«k- f 40 SECTION 10. ««n inch], and £»v n/rsmaKlf !' ' ''!,,*'^*'" '^'n« 2 of it i« drivMi from thf bo^„„ tilt ""' •? "" «'<•« n^« tl^e top ; spirits of wii"X & thetuf rUl r f "HP"! A the centre of the comoosit on vHIh ^ 2 ™^ '"!H P'«"=«d up hole that the pecuC Mt on o^.l^ , *,!i^""'*> " " »P«° '•"» it the mealed^po,^, woJ^d h ™ r^ ^"f^"-^"' '^ *'"">"' ignite the cann^gl iXnCttly ''''* ' ^'"'^' """* ^"^ ^^ into a c^L'd'^a^^Smrr'i P'""! "' «>P/«'«1™ formed W oLthe^'hSe cTilttde" ^' ""^'""'^ '» ^'^ on Wh^'^MetrlnS fom'JiSr.r'"^ "/ "°PP» ""«''«"«<« end is inserted in tk^«r° '" 7* *' °°« ^iid. «'e other Wng placrabove and bSt^ir tiie '„*r'^"^* ^^V"'"" on it with a ninoeii «„^;i!I ' f "'o-Piece pressed down the top of the^S'is'do^^'X turne/sUghtly upwards ; torn w?th a smKc of ^SiTw ^""'"P''"?' T^ ^^^ ''»'- Painted.— Black ^"n»neS 2' """»««? fonued by prongs, t1>e nib of the qiiUlTthen o.^ r^*"!'"^ »"«™«te wlh a pin headed drift Zcn^t nH, "IJ'"'i' '^e tube driven det damped with spir t of ^nl^J?,^'^ T"" ""»'«! P""'" water made into a paste it i«^h?nl "f"^. ?"<• '"»«''l«'• «t -2 inch at the top of the baml by 7 nlr?„t'"f •' *?>> '' f"""^-! rolled spirally upwards, thTl^r^enH ■* "^ P»P«f ''"'ng same as the other tubes and fb„.f. ''„f "Ten. and mWl the which is buiU up above rtecJn X l"* "'''^ Pnming naste paper steeped in a solution of ilt't. ?'''?''''',' * <=*!' "i^fine and tied with silk under thi f tp«'re is placed over the ton «P under the tube,-?here js a„ f *"?■ *? *"« «^e pIs^^S ^'Kb"*' ""'"*' '» Peelln the Ver '"" '" ""^^^ *"'^. ">« a port fire'lr Iwrrh""" "^"^ *">« '"^^ '» I- fired with SECTION 13. P ■''"™«" ^'•«»», /or SAra;m«; Shell. jnch:iTgrS^pl,^VxtS;';orl^ "^"-^ 1-2 42 ^tl^^ «nnnl»r Mre covered with Jmloon, the top of the ^eXTemet fo";";;;;;' ^^^O"^"'' '•^"« -""^ -'" "- Packed.— 10 in a cylinder. 2 patterns have been iaaued, mark I is now obsolete. SECTION 14. Common Portfire. De^igmtian.-Portfire, Common. , ?5«^^^"«^:.-The common portfire consists of a hollow ?fftEuTH;!^'%'^'"-' *r.^^l^^ long,and a little le^ b7?he Drn^J! n« f^""!,'- '^ m diameter, one end is closed Powder, mealed, cylinder, 1 " 4 " SS'^^k* meX?^^^^ ^th priming pa^te (mei'led powder Sff«?r methylated spmts], a.id a small hole is drilled into the composition to facilitate ignition Painted -The case is painted a sort ^Sf flesh color It bums from 12 to fifteen minutes. r»»nt''^f ""^^ ^" * ^""'i*^^^ ^^ with twine and having a paper cap secured over the primed ends ^ be us^"howPvL'^?"%^''"^^^» "'^^'^ «*«•» *h«5^ «h«^W not DC usea However to fire guns at night, as a bliine Dortfire lights up a wholegun detachment fo/an enemrto fire at BluBy or Slow Portfire. DEscRiPTioN.~It consists af a a solid roll of blue "suear B^&o? 3'ozJT' H ^^*^^ P*P^^ impregnaJed ^T'a solution of 3 ozs. of saltpetre to 1 quart of distilled water it «„Hfl*'~^^' ?*y ^ "'®^ instead of slow-match or common Z^'^l""^ «""* »' "'Stt wheu U is not dST to 1 I 43 eJw J.^'^ •''^* generally iasued for service, but mkht be easily made in cases of emergency. ^ SECTION 16. Quick-match. Designation, Match, Quick „ 8 0Z8. 9 „ 9 »» ;, 24 Gum Arabic ^ „ ^ ^^^^ „ l^)wder, mealed, cylmder 20 „ „ 20 4 Water, distilled 8 p£. ^ 1 ^'ts ' lOpts. When not confined it burns at the rate of 1 vard in i Wnr,^- SECTION 18. Slow Match. Dengnation.-~Match, slow. nr-^nf ^'f^i'"''-''? ??**^« «^ »"88ian hemp, loosely twisted, W^p^r^^^^^^^^^^ ^ -^^ *^- anf Vate^: tel^t Hemp, yarn 100 lbs. Ashes, wood 1 bushel T. ,. ^**^' ^ gallona. TT«^""JS ** *^?, ^a*e of 1 yd. in 8 hours. A y^:"}? l^^^^^ *^® common quilL or paper tubes • in default of tubes, a piece of ^uick-match pS L the vin? ^ aiLwer^'"'" P^-^^ ^oln it, and fir^^U dolmaTJ; SECTION 17. Fuze-ffole Plug. Designation.^Plug, metal, fuze-hole, G. S. me^aT?on7il?;l^^' ^'^T^^^^ P>g ^ * '^^^ V^^^ of gun- Tlh!^'t]^l'^.^'^> ?"4 tapped from top to Lttom.1t is f^'ii^rr"^ ""t* ^ s^uaie iiuie in the top to receive the ceneral 8ervice,key, by means of which it ia ^ewed in the S 44 SECTION 18. Papier Mache Wads. Demgnatwn.-JVads, fafwr macke, fuze-hole, general service. di^m!Z'7f'Cirf'-^ r^ "^PT"." °^^^H about 1 incb in ammeter (the hole m the centre being about half an inch in diameter) having a disc of shalloon pisted on to one Me Inn^ /' P . i""^ *^^ '^^^^ ^*^ *^^ side o^ which the shal- loon IS cemented downwards. ^ Is yerv easily forced into the shell when the wooden time fuze 18 about to be used and does not require to be removed when a metal percussion fuze is to be used. are Z^i^^ ft?i!? ^^71 ^ *5^ fuze-holes of all shells that are carried, flUed, and plugged, to prevent grains of powder twL""^ Y ?'"'. 't ^^^*^g «^ the'^limber iSto the f u^elole threads, wHich might cause explosion * in screwing in the SECTION 19, Qunfowdet. ^n^ffir?®"" ^ "^^ explosive propellent agent, consisting of Soinr^oT, rfi.*'''- «^«? <^P«tre> «^lptur, and charcoalfthe proportion of the ingredients, ^ ^a'^^^actured for the iJntish service IS as follows : Saltpetre, 75 parts. Sulphur, 10 " Charcoal 16 « .T.Biri'"' V^ gunpowder is due to the oxidation of the charcoal by the oxygen of the saltpetre (1 cubic inch of ^r^^ wv J^^**'^« f ^P<^^ oxygen as 3000 cubic inches of au;, which generates a large vol-me of heated gas of great expansibility. This actionln a mixture of saltpetre and fc coal alone is compar atively slow, sulphur is therefore added 1 1 'i 1 45 i?niSL'iZJh^^^^^^^^^ ^* '^^^*« °^ amount of its ^niting at a much lower temperature than either of the other iwo. ihe gradual conversion of gunpowder into eaa is of great advantage when it is used eS a chaise for afns the strain on the gun being gradual in consequence ^ ' All gunpowder used in the service is made of nreciselv thp same ingredients in the same proportions/thouTthe W fhTdKtt^i^or'T^' %'V ^^^i- -mewhatt WnrS]^ . of powder. Powder made from charcoal rowder S f * ^^^ temperature, burns .lower than powder made from charcoal burnt a loneer time at a Imv a V^ brown colour. ' havionr 'nf*?>.*^^ ^•^^''^ exception the difference in the be- ^t?re^v on Sl-^r' ^V"^' "^ P?^^^^ ^hen fired depends entirely on their physical properties, the most important of which, as mfluencing the force exerted by fired po^Ser «e :1 1. The size and shape of the grain. 2. Density of the powder. 3. Hardness. 4. Amount of glazing. wiirtak??oten ^t.^^'V^^ ^^^^^^^ each individual one will take to burn but as the interstices between the eraina increase with their size there Ls more space forThe flaS^To fvT^fter'\t^ '"^ '^'' ""l'^' charge' will be more'r^^il! ly Ignited. The pressure m the powder chamber will there fore be more umform mth a Lge grained powX-with a smal grained powder a large volume of gas is'^nerated at the point of Ignition of the charge, thif rulfs yil^^^ h^Tl\ *^-' '^^^^"^^^ ^f *^« «^^^«^ ^^d between it and the 9'A^iFT "'^ I" ^"*^^«« lo^l pressures. aJ^f ^.^""'S *^^ grains of a powder, i.e., the higher their Te suJe^hrv^im^f T^ ""'^ ^-^> thThsfth^ FhrvXritv thrjiilf ^"'^ '''}^^ io^^ of a S^^ and the less tHe velocity they will impart to the projectile. tira. Jtlardness is rndpnenrioTi*^ r.f a^I^:^^ . zj.. retard the ignition of the'powderr """""^ ' '" U'6 enect id to 46 re^rf th^ late :? tnttt! J W*^ '? '^f «™*-« ^ "''o better and Ule:'l]att°k,^:jJb'"Sut^'^ powder wears ^^loTtt^Col't^^S^.'^' »-"/to the in- the proiectilPQ Jirn u ^^^em by the increased weisht of der S woild CrmoTL^rS'^,^^'^'* '" ™« «P»«^- Ie88 than that the,, i^ L frs^r^"*"5^' ^^ ^^^'^ *e gun the density and s /» „f „ • ^-^^ S.""'- ^o attain this end introduS m powdffll'''''^''""',rf ' «• ^- «• being calibre ; but wC ^ M L ZTf, ^'^ ^"'^ 8™= °f «n.afl introduced it wS found JZhJ tn'"'''' '"''."P""'^' ^e^ powder than "ELG" IW <• d?, '■""* » slower burning »ity and of much laiU SZJ^^l ^^^J "' l''g'"ien- reasons «P," T^wKt^^ was introduced. For similar .the list of krgt^^^n' p^JSl^rll"' '^"^ V-""^' gnns, and introduction olfpfisTaSc po^er ™PPleniented by (he JTorTiVri'er^JhtnewT- "'^^ "^ «''»?»«' *eU ing and quick acHLnn3»"-^ time fuzes, a rapiSly burn- m|chsmaVgrainKS^ "^ "'^'"''^ *"* "-'"f"* • wS iris'^SW/tt!:A''?"^?"? ''y.*^ »'e^e through the nomber^FsTdfvirfonTinT^ ''•^T''^ according i «e^ would bavfef E^raVi^nr"' '•'" '" « '"-'' ia d?^/^'»^i;f ^«^M «i^- into which »^«5fe p^^^er used foi firing projectile^. ^"'^'^ ""'^ to powder SJSCTIOK 20. ChkBS I.— Service. iecfcl^ftt^arafct "- -^ ^'' P- CLASS ii.~-Blank. + f I + 47 CLASS III.— SMI. «d o^frfiStg^^hSi:""* ''™''^" - 8»iu for CI«. II. SECTION 21. Description. Pi.tk f»tpr"H mT" ''™"',«'»Pt Martini-Henry and • g.lg g.,n °' Martmi.He.uy rifle and carbine, and for tribes and bnmil^s^C^'Z^lf,^':^^' '"^ P>«tol car- redTite?'': "rl'l^-Hi'^-deri o«iinary powder fuze compositionr" " """^ ""' *"™"''' ""^ *«•' «d for 4% -♦J c8 ^3 . « o M E-i o uoptin 's<)znj [8111^ pOOM -098-6 01 g 60 •P « ■« ^S \r~? o At -< «■ ^ g (3 to» •3 I—* a OQ IMsprm 'saznj ,9i«n pooAv oas-g gi •sn^qs iou(Jb.iii8 g ■O on -3 o .a W *H ■*' 'W.'5 ® 5 ■r" r" * S O 'Jepnn 'saznj |9uri^ pooAv -oas-g oil •8II9lIS[9uaBaqs g" ■wl x:i r? ft a 'Sb-S jt*lf ^ o Off Axlktbke Box. Drag shoe, under. On Lid. 1 fuze extractor, tl tangent scale, 12o. 1 wadhook worm, under. 1 tampeon, with lanyard. MARK I. Weight about, Field"'36 "'s* 1 1 each Spe On JAd.i 1 shoi i mngent scale, , fParo. J.perd'ivl- llong do J sion ,. MARK II. i< 36 3 17 • With No. 1 gun t When not in use in gun. WftTB- A M*^*!^ " ?"®^ **^ ''^'^'■y 2 Shells if required An emntv nnr«,««J „i"f, *^?;"i^?®" i*^ ammunition and centre hftx«a gunlimber ThVoowder f rnm"t?/i ffi^ be carried in each The Picking of tEegunand^ai^nn IT ^-^ '^^"«'* a"** destroyed. ilifcate the supply of »SSiM«^«"'H?'"^ is m.de identical, to^ad . The fuzes ^fm^UrT^^^^^i^aJ^^ the othj?. Bible, self-support ngiuresjSct of Szts ^* " '^"««^"' « far aa pos- This box 50 . JgpWfgT f| -+ '[9A0l{8 ( On Lid. •1 clinometer. 2 couples, trace. 51 WAGON BODY. Drag shoe, under. />« TiA tl spare wheel. 1 lanyard. I Si IS; ' rjii;;-!'"*' *"»" -de. 1 maul under. --o-* Shafts, spare, under ««** ^^uu vr - waggon. ' "«•'' with No. 1 or 4 waggon ; off, with No. 2 or 5 ^ ridgj.?' «<>»*»*«i°« 1 drill cart. 1 drift, wood. 2 portfires. 1 holdall, with 2 needles and 2 oz. worsted. ' » ussiici, icacaar 1 knife. 2 portfires. 1 portfire clipper. 1 pair BctesorB.* 1 1 per division. 62 M I »i a 9^ f -my qoB^T ;c*t-t (M i-iwc^rt^eoiH?©^ !'-« «< JequiiT- » ■ ■ — — e« y^ n • •■III I I I I • I I I I • > ^ « I— • OQ •« 07 •K>' GO « » (; ••Ill • I e8'-« w 0) hnw^ > "S ® 73 *« >» Q. U M «0 03 00 • I flQ CD w »*<«Himi ■—I «J OD o O EH CO 9 « ^g-*<*^oooo>* 00 »3f^»-i<4.ao<*goo^^„ . .eg li •"* • • • • -""^l --^s^^gs '^ ^ - 2 --3 * « -oS * i s 5 ' i ' ins «r3 w 9s 9^ (S'S'eP^ « ff IB S ill - '*=' 2 111 "ill E ^ 4> 54 65 I c^ ••■::".:; ;^ • • •*»S'a >*-• eS S I. 11^ '- .a • 3 a V I I1 • • • o M I ' A ' I I • I I I 9 M ^8, . $!»• GQ • III • • I* •2 .« s g S^i a IM I 5 . «»'g.*-s5 ^ S O 5 o ^ I a o CO ill ^ ^1 © 3 * b C M ^,. .M c y rt ,:, ^ I •s a' S o I if 5 SSI'S a O ti « H 3" » " t 4 1 SBCTION 6. Fitting Saddles, BridUs, Harness, tfec. under it, wkV Wef iJ Ji^^ " ' '2"^ •">"« ^^ber girthed uk " withdrawn after the horae ia point of the "Sap Xn tn V*'* 'T**? '•"* ''^^P^. the n«t through rS^keeoer OM h/T'^f ^\°''«^ rea? staple, front stapll, a^finXtCn^^^ of wallet, then throSgfi waUet,a,}diuckledpoSttomf '''^" '"' '»«'' ^'' twIeted'Vettsti' L're",^^''! £^ *" "-""^ "- the hair remains Se^'Ttlid^STe &'"""'" '*"* """" »' aftd the'horser'"" ''"'^''''' '° *^^ ^^^ Wer between it 6a ^J^^n.n,.^^-to He flat over and not tighter than the iorfZ'ZX'^t^^^^ *^-t there should be room which shoufi be the 8^e alt-'' 1 T^ f°^ nose-band, it and the horse's jaw ^ ""^ *^^^ ^""^^^ between offTntr'^ilSt a^^^ *^ ^-'--k from link on the chain. ^^^ ^ fastened through the diamond "Driver^a Collar Chaina^f fi,« w passed through the lower ri^nf.- ^ i*"" *^' '^^^^ ^^^^ i« side, through thrr ngat thf il^'"^^ P^«ce from near to off then passel thimgh t^foutL i? '^ ?^^ -^^ *^^ ^^^^^^ and Bide rein and iindefbearin^rpL ?"i^i "°? ^^^^n^^^ (over buckling piece; the end o^ft^ °f ^^^«^4 and buckle of ihe inner waUet strap ^' '^^^ '« *^«« Passed under rold"ntrri^re"T"^^^^^^ ?®^«" «"^ g-nners : turns, and to be sS 'inches L^ f^""^ ''^P" *° ^^^« f««^ Drivers : seven turns Srol?nJ^^^^ ^^"g. of jowl piece, lower ring of jowl Sece Xll flT'^t''"" '^^ inches^from of hamefl (ovej Bide vim £TZ^a v ''^^ °"*<^^ ^^a»ght ring . through ^therTcWe W f;?''.^V^^^ and t1,ngue : is kno Ld Ssi^/ -?^' ^'''^ ?"""' ""*'' ^^ atrap buckled over it ** P'""*?^^ ^^°H*^> wither ^^•mTnt^%^^^^^^^ t ^ ^-^ «rlj^ 1-gth that of geldingsf and two in<^^ ^''''^ T^ *^^^ *^« t»«he8 mares. ^' ^"^ """^^ above the eorner teeth of <-^efA:t^o^^^ ^'^^^ ?\-- -^e should be mouth L even ^^^ ^^"^ «^ ^^^ bit in the horse^a le^f!''''-'''''''--'''^'^''^-^ to cheek of bit, and should not "Mltll-^"^^^^^^ fV"" '' "i'^ ^^1«- b-ring rein, ciently looTto admit of nr,^^ "^^^^t "^^^^ the jaw%uffi: bit are in aKn« ^.?V/.*^.^^ ^.^^^r when the cheeks of tha t 59 t)ar?nfti'r!5 "•""*? ^? ?^ '^'^ ^^^g*^ *3 to aUow the upper ^hauuL ti? ?'''''"'' ^^^^ ?^ t'^ ^^^g straight from the back ^""^ '^^^'^ *t attention on horee- iowefpr:n».^^ h.J« ''^e'^t. of a keeplKLerot th^trCr*""'' *^ «"^ - - *» mrt^ortWrv" ^ i'^v'' '"ll^^ '"*«' ''«1»^ the upper fi, J u ^°*^ ' *■"! '''•en 'he horees are hook J^n ahou.dhave foutinchea- play from the oouS to Xe blech-' the'atttfaU-tL^SL^ofa^r^*" "^^ '-«"«-*» ''^ f^Jt® ^rness of each horse, must, to a certain extent h^fif ted by guess, and corrected by observation wnp^-fl' i! ■ very loose, exceptlhVwhee^hoMe'steUy-W.''" °"''^'"' I'ngth of gaUoJ.Tr Z2l o^l '?^„'n.„Tn7^f ■'' traces therefore hptfpr nfxr^Vr ""s," giound. It is power to keef. th°%tZ^ e^ly^^erv^ ^ t^irJi" 'T Sufficient room mnat hp l^ff iT-Y- j \t f^ rough ground. their being trowTri^t back i^^^^^^^ \".^^ *« ^"«^ of quarters running Lvr4nT«,^^^ breeching without their fore stated ^ ^ ^ ""^ '^''^'^^ *^^ ^P^^^t^r bar, as be- BREAST HARNESS. higH ^ to rub o'r interferetteneltndXolr ""' " wefghlTddsto^'h^L^or:^-* * ^f ""'^ ^'^ (whose „.ere of powerful d^a^Tght w?th b?e^t l^^ZB^ffj'T-'' K"'^ /^"^ good for the purSose for wSitlf^?' "'j ""'' *«refore, 8 mounted man to hoot in .i^S '* >? ^^esigned, viz., to enable difficulties 7t fite any hoLl!^'" * carriage when it i, i„ i« light to cany WhSem^^r^J^rX'^h^i^*''- '^' '* 9t The latter requires to fit the horse, but if it fits can h^irAlv be put on wrong ; while the breast harness may belaid to fi^ any horse equally, but it can hardly be put on rfX Ttl a great advantage when horses i;et collar ^all^d nn % ^i^ of horses that takes place at each training. ^ P^^P^^^^io^ SECTION 7. Instructions for Putting »> Harness and Horse A^ointn^t. iw tfhc Hamess-ro&ms. Harness. 7wJ;~S''''^ ?? P?^ "^'^^ ^"^^« buckled, point down the hame-hookT ' ^ ** *"P ''"?' P«^«d tJ«-<»>gl» fo»:«fha^^t^ d'?r-^" "^ -"^^ -^. ^-jy Br««;M„y. —Over the collar. atrap budded ; other etr«pa SSS r^TI,: t^on.^ 62 ^^^^^>.-Hung by hand loop to off hame-hook of hand Non^orrmismned Officers^ Appointments. peg, as far back as polible ' ""^ '""'8 on the J^U7^2^ :Tll\hftTy'^?, f Pl«-1 on the fuU lenU two Zk, fteZ'Z S foU i^,^ '"'' 1 parts. One bucklino tii<.,-» f„ r. ' ™«"jiold m three equal when folded. The ifiHtL . n b/°™'i '*"'' V^ "^ »'««« and buckled to loin st^p'b,fckL^^^^ """"^ '^' ™««« ^It^ aioTet oTe^-'int l)T%t^» "T^ "P .• under the saddle ^oojted into D's of breast harness, front of bit" t^fed bit hii "'"' ' ''«»'*' the bridoon in over front oi K ' '"^ P'*"« »^e'' ^ o«rl> hooked buSi'-aTon^tte £0^0".*^,' P"^' T^'PS'^ -""l g*^* to be inside nSeSnd the sSrurrh.l"^'?^ down^ith end side noseband of h^lcouT ^ ** "'^'"8 ^'"Sth iu- JTMmnaA.-Folded double/laid on top of aU. DIBPOSAI, OP HARKE88 IN CAMP. pro'cuSbt"^' '"™'"^ '° P"* '»™«- i» 5»P»o tents, if j^^H^ness and saddlery to be laid down in rear of line of f i i f 63 BrmUngt doubled inside coUara. ^Pad complete on collars, with crupper thrown over top of oy^tt T2^f^' ? '"P -"^ P""*' ^'* ™'>PPer thrown over^top of saddle, stmup irons run up, leatKrs cW^ ^k, hung on pommel of saddle, bits clear of wound Wpi^ce'o"fXidl'e/""'""' "' ^'^'''> '''""g pS"'„ver' T-hits, across seat of saddle, ready for use Nosehags on top of numnahs ready for use. Non-commissioned Officers' Appointments iropdrp^^roTir'"^ - p--'- ^«-p Is H^--^''T'.PV'»« »'=™«» horns of saddle. Cleaning and Preservation of Harness shS be'^ipSTy ' a.!dt''on!l''^^ '"'^V''' ''^ -"^ vent rust : » ?he Z'd "i^/l" 'f 'lu™?,?^'^ °^«r * '5 P^e- pegs a„d\t^,ed ^"{^ ;St;r"es'"X''slo*X'''^ft "1*" permanently lA stables, v X the Ifeam f^^i ,V' ^l ''*'P' especially in winter Lo.^ ■ • • * ™™'" the horses, rooms 8liuMbrdrv;ir«n»i-'T"' '*"""' '"'^ •^"^^ -— .11 "'^y "^-^ ».P e ven^temperature. In the dry ♦ Foot Note.— Cna! mi .'= . j /Zr~~^ — 3:: : shouw not be left for any l^niro/toron Sol ;^1!'"' .'*■ 64- It ~jd prevents it taking a polish for soSj,e' ^"'''°' tK^fcte-^^^^^^^^^^ soap, Wt buaraXti'fej:S.^^™''--''""ipoii3i^ intTa UtWwT''* '""'^ "^" *" -^ --'i"-- l-ut gets times brittle ; it'CfrSS; fcff^'Xl"""- htUedry. Loose keepers should be stitch in thS pl^^ Receipt-As used by Quebec Squadron of Hum. •- 1 lb. Rosir. 1 " Bees-wax. • 10" Mutton suet. ^^^^^^mdted^eparately .nd then mixed with fel^efctTuSdToTath'r •'^^'^ ^^^ t f 1 65 1 «f t Head Collar. a. Cheek pieces, ft. Jowl piece. c. Throat lash. d. Head piece. «. Nose band. /. Brow band. Sf. Valise. 66 Shaft horse marching order. SECTION 9. Detail of equipment. Harness Bridle. g. Bridle head. h. Bearing rein. i- Side rem. k. Leading rein. Harness Bit. I. Cheeks. m. Bottom bar. n. Leading rein loops. 0. Curb chain and hook. Driver^ Kit. r. Baggage or Valise straps. Pad or Qf-Saddle. A Qf«^i^ * J/ u,uMj. ^. staple of crupper. p. Sheepskin. p ' harness collar. «. Numnah. S' S*^^ »*^'aP- wither straps. u. Cantle. V. Flaps. w. Girth & surcingle. «. Flank straps. y. Hip straps. «. Crupper. Traces. L Kpe or case. K. Trace links. L. Trace hooks. M. Belly band. strap. F. Shoulder bar and hook. U Breast chain a^d hame nook. H. Wallets. J. Forage cord. Breechcng. 0. BuckHng piece of hip strap. W' Body piece. ^ R. Shaft strap. . -K. Shaft strap, S. Belly band or tuff, T. Tug & back banl. N- Bu^tlilig piece of flank T. Tug N. B.-Water bottle and fo«,ge ccrd on active service. 4 67 ir. rein n and -ps. wither .k. iiAme SECTION 10. HARNESSING. First Method. The buckle end of the 8nrrin„1» 1 ffv''' "l""' ""f ^'d*- on the off side of the ehth ?» Cf "f^^St the keejjer ha;^tv±7uTo'j:"^hTr.ttc\*^^?^»^ '^«'«>- clear tTie saddfe fwhich U »K, .5 i 5* '•"= ^rd " flaram," horse'8 loins ; move t^X '. P'*?* *^* '™PP«'- «" the the hair of theTaain the S UT,'". "^ f* H^^' g''"'^ with the left, clear the doThaifC t'h" °" ** "^"PP^ forward on the near side lift t\^ jT , ^ copper, move back, move it foma^t'owaJ«,r''^' •„"'"" "^ «"« ''"«e'« on tie centre of the hoSwk l"lt'J^' "f^ replace it clngle, taking care Xt Tf ! "»?«. buckle the giith and 9ur- girtl ' UnbucWe the top stZoTfi: ^ T 4"=' i^"" '^'^ on the horse's neck ne»? A^f H ?""' P™"^ the collar Fit the hames Sefve the sTSp"! tL"t* b "'," *?, I"?" spare end shall fall to the inwSde ^^ i.T'T ''"''^'*** *?« collar at the smaller narlnff^o u '?°,""'i t»m the Buckle the wither steD ^%»W.n J °*''^, T?* the mane, trace in the right iSn^'fl,:* I '^"S'^' ""^s of the off bight oftheSt"fClV'!l''r,'^ \*^l,''ft' ^^tthe the third link from the endto^ Y°Z *! ^^'^^- Hook the tie. Buckle The b^*VnH ?""'''' '"'"'' *""* P"* ^ hook up inside thrhinSn ^A ? ?i™% P^ *^ ^^^ and hoo^k it to the ZSCk .?*fe .«:f.,.^!?^^«'™P. the same way, buckleli .Ldll^^tend.""' ""^ tiHue 6d Turn the horse left about, and put on the bridle. Place the centre of the riding horse'H rein over the neck the centre buckle towards the off side ; buckle the bill ts to the bit. The bearing ^or off horse's rein) is placed over the neck, the centre buckle to the near side ; the billets of the bearing rein are passed throudi, and buckled to the loops of thn bit in line with the moutli-piece ; the throat-lash of the off horse IS buckled outside the bearing-rein. The curbs are then put on. The billet of the side-rein is passed through and buckled to the same loop as the off end of and below bearing rein. The leading rein is buckled to the centre or lower loops of bit, as may best suit the horse's mouth, short piece on near fiide. Wheel driver commences at the off horse in the same man- ner as the lead driver, only that tb.. isip-straps are not buckled to the traces. The breeching is to ba put on before the traces, commencing at the off side. Tv putting on the traces, pass the bearing strap through the double of the shaft strap, to keep the latter in its place ; pass the end of the near side of near wheeler's breeching inside the surcingle, and hook it into the ring of the hames at the near shoulder, and secure the hook with a leather thong. Second Method. When the whole of the harness is buckled and fastened together. At the word " Hamess,^^ turn the horse to the left about pass the left arm.through the crupper, take hold of the collar with both hands (one on each side), put on the collar, turn it round on the offside, and the horse at the same time to the left about, place the saddle on the horse's back, straighten the ^th and surcingle, put on the crupper, buckle the^th, sur- cingle, and belly-band, put on the hi idle, hook on the curb, and: buckle the throat-lash (if an off-horse), outside the bear- ing rein, and buckle the side rein. ^ I 6e SECTION I. Equipment o/Horsei, UARcnma order. N. C. Officers* and Gunners' Horsei. ^ orf tii.rch'al'''fidTor'''''' °""°'^' ^'^P''^" 0>-^ 'OP'S ^(jor *Mi^ V <^ fv ci^ v:o- 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716)872-4503 tR-U** 'o /. w ^^^ \o TO Wh*°''*'"""''*'"''P'^'"°" topof com b«g, folded «me l^L^iu' ??f®^P*^,* ^^ the cape should ^e pulled back ^ther behind t£e cfoak and flatten'k down as m?chL poll- clJaf Sd .'^^ "~^ ^"'^^ '' ^^^^* ^^«^> «^der centre " Com % "—folded one inch less than the length of valisp .t"^ on top of it under sfaeepskin aKer vdffe' side 1[rd^nTnnl?f^!f /'^''^^ ^^^^'« ^^^^ fr««^ off to near «%?, P^^ ?^.?« ^^ down at page 69. ^^ Collar chain "-put on as at page 59. " ^0^ 6^"^ t^^^^^^ ^T""". "T^"^ *^« ^loak is removed. to vSst^nln Jlnt^f T''^ °^^^^ «^«« case, fastened carried in Ih? Z!T. ""{ ^'"^ ^. "^^ \''^^' ^hen corn is I*"*V ^^ ^"0 oag» the strap is twisted round ton af hua P<««ed upwards through itself, and fastened to b^? ^eh?f "Jlfointe to front, buckles on top. t v. T t9 71 Drawfht Ho tes. "**** The Riding Horse, JVear wde of Saddle. Mess tin. Hoof picker. Shoe caae^ containing 1 near hind shoe and nails. Near Wallet. One boot. Stable bag. Cloth brush. Of side of Saddle. bpare ties. ^ Shoe case, containing 1 fore shoe and nails. off One boot. One towel. Of Warn, of wS."^'"""^ ^^""^'^ "^ ^^""'^ ^^^« *"d hilt, in front ** Cajie ''—rolled same length as cloak anH flfr«r.«^ : FoTflgre cai» "~m busby or hehnet cover. undeTanrnn secured by centre cloak strap. ' ^ *P'^"» ^^L"""^&1^7^ tfkr ^'' ^'^' «ffi^«" •^d gun. • (fry 7/ -'^^^/'f^ —as laid down at page 196. ** OoZW cAatn "-put on as at page 196 a. « iogr "—on collar strap. Strap of mess tin throurh rint? or Innn nr. c»AA^ x of buctle down, 8o that meSX^'X t^k^f.ff 'J'iS*"! removing the stip. Fig. 2. ^^ "* """'""' J*« Off Horse. SSTnd lor^'"'* "^'^ numnah and W r«^, „r collar 72 Near tide of Saddle or Pad, Nose bag. ^ Shoe case, containing near lund shoe and nails. Off aide of Saddle or Pad. Nose bag. T-bits (rolled) fastened to off valise stamp ii* front of nose bag. Shoe case, containing off fore shoe and naUs. Off WaUet. Curry comb and brush. Three shoe brushes. Blacking in case, and brush bag. buckwlop!" ^*^''' "^^^^ P'^^ "^^^*^P« *« fr°^* Newr Wallet. Curry comb and brush, sponge, harness brush. Horse rubber and oil tin. Near End. 1 pair drawers. 1 nannel shirt. 2 pairs socks. 2 shirts. 1 hairbrush. Valiee (flap to rear when opm). Centre. Stable jacket tunic folded. Plume case. Off End. orll pair of trousers, rolled, with Bible, holdall complete- button iron, and brush and brass ball inside, towel, 1 cloth brush on top. h«^Wl''i*''^5*!i?''^ i?^''®? *'« ^^«^ ^^e blanket is to ^I.^ •?^'''lt the valise^ then.the blanket cover, the whole covered with the sheepskin. ^r!! {?? ^ "— f jWeJ one inch less than the length of valise, S"d."e^p*^£.r' " ^"^ "' '"'''''^' '^"^ *'"- -<^) -^ " Noee bags "—rolled and faatenftd tr. nnfoi. xr^Ma^ af«.«- t ^ 1 eim REVIEW ORDER. ^- 0. OJicertI' andiOunnerg' Horaet. Saddles and bridles coir plete, numnahs. Sheepskin, collar-chain. Wallets unpacked. Shoe (»ses with shoes a-d nails. 8W ,rd wt^eTidt^l^t^^^^^^ ^'^r^) ,?"«? length of outside cloak stram and wS^^^^^^ ^""^ of wallets by the two cloak strap ^ ^ "^^^^^ '*^P«» ^^^^ fastened with centee front^Tth^^'byte^^^^^^^ *"^ strapped in ped on top of waUete bvThi t^^^ ""^ t^S"^ ^,H^ *°^ «*'*?- wallet strips. ^ ^ ^^"^ ''''^^^^ ^^^a^^ straps a^d Draught Horses. Shoe cases with shoes «nd naijs. FIELD DAY ORDER. Same as Review Order. ' 74 DRILL OBDER. N. 0. Officers^ and Ounnera* Horses. Saddles and bridles complete, numnahs, collar-chains. Wallets unpacked. Shoe cases with shoes and nails. Capes (when ordered) the same as in Review Order. Draught Horses. Harness complete, with numnah, collar-chains. Wallets unpacked. Shoe cases with shoes and nails. Capes (when ordered) the same as in Review Order. WATERING ORDER. N. C. Officers^ and Chmiwrs^ Horses. Saddles comphte (but without wallets or shoe cases), num- nahs, head collars, and T-bits, or bridles if specially oitiered. Breast harness not worn. Led horses wiUiout saddles or numnahs. Draught Horses, Saddles complete (but without wallets, shoe cases, flank or wither straps), numnahs, head collars, and T-bits, or harness bridles if specially ordered. Led horses without saddles or numnahs. RIDING DRILL ORDER. N. C. Officers^ and Gunners* Horses. Saddles complete (but without shoe cases). Numnahs, bit and bridoon, unless otherwise ordered. Wallets not worn with bridoons or snajQies, Collar chains not worn. •^ n- d. or 3r i 76 DraughtgHorses. Saddles complete (but without shoe cases, flank or wither straps) numnaW Snaffles or harness bridles as orderS Wallets not worn with snaffles. "luerea. Collar chains not worn. «-^®M^°? ^^ *'® ^®* ^0"! *he hoof picker will be car n^ in the breast of jacket, secured to t£i^ b^ton fr?m Valise straps are never carried without valises. ^f^a^ ordernes and trumpeters in attendance on general officers, or colonels commanding, on parade turn nn?1« V?! tW ' 'T^'y.'" '^' *'^^P« ' ^^' ^^enVel^^p^^aTe in ma^^^ oKl^'^ '^"^ outinfieldday ordir, ex^pron tK EQUIPMENT OP OFFICERS* HORSES. MARCHING ORDER. Af j; a"a£a„3ftsc"pis ess On active service and when encamn«H f fiT^l.^ worn instead of the collar cSi.^ ^ '''P® "^ REVIiSW ORDER. Knl'^LrC'^^in't^r'"^'''''^ ColW-chain.ndbuclc- FIELD DAT ORDER. Same as Review Order. DRILL ORDER. ^.Bridle complete,a«ldle complete, collar-chain and bucklin RIDTva T\nTTT «%-r«««~.-., ._^ -.„^^ ^i,i, watEkiNG ORDER. Same as Drill Order wit^'out collar-chain 76 T s op ^ 1 i 4 I 77 to 3 i t I ^WlM^?^^*H* 78 1 .. I 4 79 . bp r Part IV. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR DRIVEBS. SECTION I. ■^w* after a March, thekad co^rand ront I,!!^"'''?^ *"« "P ^'''^ Curses by «nd stirrunB ni^k 'n„f ?L?' ""^^J ^u'H turn up crupnere rub his head with a drtS f ""*. 'ponge nostiils and eyes, the head-colh^, and gi^c hay ^"" ''^""' '«'^' P"' <>" watered, and bedded tST " ? H?^, "« groomed, fed, eovering'atnigh , with ^rdnole Si'""''! '^ •"^'"» ^"l'" ertion ,^th wfich oroom^nf / fitf ^P?" *''? "«" ao-i ex- condition of t^ hoZ^?,! '? 1 w ^T^,8r?»'ly "l''^«"'i» ">« to weather. By ClrTbi fc ?''' ^*"§"* ""^^^Posure until they are dry but until ,^1 M T ""^ ^'' "»' ""ly health w^ be &y pr^erved """^ '"'"^'" ^^^^l?' «■« tauVtrelSttshttetLralld^^^^^^^^ particular in i-eportine the Ipi!;T„*i ^'l°°''^*''d'«™08t galling. Non-coSVed X^^teTo'^kv^ 7^?"^' "' to this, and see that the mds .^^„"i1 P*^ *?"' attention prevent knots in the ^uffg ^ "*"*" "' ''^"^» •>«»»«" »<> towa^ X°a n* "i '■ dt^*" ".* °r,''»d.qnarter. go straight ann wUhd^nlM. ^Z- ^"* °?'' *«" '»■"'* with a pain, una paiecoTd^ ?h,°?' "^"^'-^ ^*" *« ''!'»' *« tobe^keptoS th'rhts^r?^ prte'nri"lS!^Kt_- - . ^^^?.xjr coffiD itt never to be used o n the hoi^^^ ^ EUS. is, or en- lurses by cruppers len take nd eyes, put on Jes* feet ed, fed, for his and ex- rids the cposure ot only ily, the au8t be ye most ingj or ention iteu to ;er, go with a th the in use rooiu. 81 2. Filing in and out of StahUt. v ?? ^??i^ ^"*? ^^ turning out of stables the driver takes hold of the nding horse's bridle, close to the bit, witb the left Jand, whip mhu lecging, stock upwards. He takea hold of the leading-rem with the right hand, and throws the off horse to the rear of the nding one, keening hold of both horses until lormed on parade, or put back again into the stable. 3. Mounting vnth Harness Bridles, At the word " Prepare to Mounts " — First Motion.— Tarn to the right, and place the right foot about SIX inches to the right ; with the right hand place the middle of the nding-rem and the leading rein over the palm of the left hand. The hand is not to be passed through the loop of the leading rein. ** ^ Second Motion.— Take a lock of the mane in the right hand, in front of the collar, pass it up under the left thumb, and twice round it ; then take hold of the stirrun leather, close to the iron, with the right hand ; place the kft foot in the stirrup, the nght hand on the cantle, and the left knee against tne saddle on the surcingle. At the word " Mount^ " — First ilfoiion.— Spring up, and stand erect in the stirrup. Second Afojton.— Carry the right leg quickly but steadily ^e^r the saddle, shif tmg the right hand from cantle to pom- mrd Motion.— The left hand quits the mane, the bridle and leading-rein are both retained in the full of the hand, and are tightly held between forefinger and thumb, the hand being raised as high as the elbow, the back of the hand inclined upwards, the nght hand takes the whip out of the legging, and holding stock and thong, rests on right thigh, b^ of the hand up, both elbows close to the side ; the right foot is placed m the stirrup without the aid of hand or eyes. ! 82 4. Sit at Ease. fl,?? *^! command, *'Sit at ease," the left hand is droDDed on tlnJTf Ih'n ""^ '^'.^^'^\'^^^ "ghthand holdLS and handVn ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^,?|. ^^ right thigh, back of the ' "*"^„"P- /* the command " Sit at ease'' is foUowpd hv « «J^ «»^y,; &e drivers will be permitted to movrtherhmL but must not lose their dressing. On the word "X^Xr^""" bemg given tj drivers sitting easy everv driver ^if l^Z. assume the position of -SU tteaj/ ^ "^ ** °°^® 6. Dismounting vnth Harness Bridle. At the word " Prepare toDimumnt"*— SecoTid ilfofwn.— With the right hand take alocfcof tho t^lTk" twl^l°'*^%"'l'f' ^ri^it through the feft W *| twist It twice round the thumb ; then place the riahJ W on the pommel, finger, to the right aurthumb to^he At the word " Dismount."— toe" ^te"g;;ISd '"'^ ^ «^'"'^ '""^"^ ""'^ "'O '^'" ni«i Jlf(,(io™._Kesting on the right foot, the leftstirrun is quitted, and the left foot placed in line with the ho^e^O Fowihmim.—Boik hands quit their hold, the driver turns to the left, and brings his body square to the front ^ ?wA" v'T.i''' •It'tt ha"d lays ho'ldof the leading rdn knd the cheek of the riding horse's tridle holding up the hole's head as high as the shoulder. ^ KIOUB 83 pped on ock and : of the nbs, but Front " at once jhtfoot of the ndand i right to the ; hand touch- i right Jri^ht rup ii| 8 fci'Q iriver t ; as nand orse*s Nob. 1 li-Uivi- 6. stand at Ease. The right ann (the right hand retaining the leading reih) SZ'n? 'Vr^t '^ ^'''^t ^/^"' ^^'^' ^^^"^8 broug^ tolether l^f Wtl't! '^^^^ '^^^^^^ ^^^ Bix^nchi,and "Stand easy.— Drivers fasten their leading reins to thpir bridle mns pass round to the offside of thfir horses and cast oft the bearing reins. Wheel drivers lov/er the proos - . On the word " Syes front " being given to drivers "Znd ^g easy," bearing reins will be hoofed on%nTprops1^t ened up ; leading reins unfastened om bridleSs Mid the position of " stand at ease " resumed. ' 7. Saluting when Mounted, A mounted N. C. officer, gunner, or driver riding singlv b^Mnd th^e tW? f i:>"f.°% " '^' "g^* band eltSii SK 1% " n •• ''^.l^'' '"^ P^^^g^ g^^«s tlie word, "^v«« rtght or fe/jl." Drivers with a pair of horses, whether Look*!.^ of off horses, looking the officer in the face, body erect feft elbow close, right arm extended to the righ front ^th the Imnd as low a. the waist, back of the hand up, Kc W to the f -^nt, finaers closed on stock and thong In toottW rttrnU^t\£^^^^ 8. Hooking in. by^SLr? ^'''' ^^ *^' ^"'^ detachments and the drivers or First Method. By the Detachments and Drivers. b hook in~prepare to disrmmnt," « IHsmoun:''- « Hook %n. tt m 1 ' tt 84 V^Z^Zp¥^^^.^n^^-^^! «"^ ^'- ana , « off shaft »d Svl-^t :?H tt:'u«h"thf tuf . '4' T-" atend, toKo^^f h°i''°°^"§'°^'i« ^'^ ■' th^ driver 2 asswts lead driver in like manner. ^6 and 7 assist wheel driver of wagon as 4 and 6 do at 3 Lt^r'"' '"^'''' """^^ '^^ ^^^^ of ^»gon as 2 and S'^t:^ etfS^^JSFad"^-^-^^^^^^^ t iSfecowrf Method. By the Gun Detachments. o '^^/il^/f^eing mounted, at the word -Rook in- Nna «•, ^, -X, auu u go CO me gun, 6, 7, 8, and 9 to the' wagoi irace I 8i fehe St'hand rift'n^'''^ ')f}^"'^' "'"^e to the bit/ 4 then backs ttrW l,.h ' 1 ^"''^ ?^'= "^"^ " Seady"-, the shate, they then Took th^f'"'"'' ^"^^l'^ *« '"8^ "Pon m; 4 t^en h^ookr in °the*ff '[^ct "ftC"!" '^V^' buckles the breeching over the t^ .a ?*" wheeler, rear, hooks in the n4 Trace , 3 hoo'kTfn^tr"^ l^'^^ '>' commencing with the nff f, =L " "°"?^ '? 'he centre horses, eich trace in^^^on thoZ'inTT '.T*^^ •"'^ •'""t^ •nanner ; with onTLrt.™^ •l^l'^-K°''T» "'«»°'e near wheeler. ^ ^ **" •«^' to took in the the^'^me' nLn'er'l.^ tVl td'lt" ^n''"'"*^ ^ gun. » "*» *' and 6 hook in those of the Tk4rd Method. By the Drivers. tnm to the right Zd tie thet?.!^ •.*'?*' "^ '''«''■ ^^-idle. two half hitchi ; the L drivir^' V ""^ "^"'8 ^orse, by to the off shaft ; tb! ^tiTsZt,^ '"S""^ •'^ *e fi'ont borse ; the whe^l drfv« stands i^.W *' ".'^ l*'^'' "^ ^^ «* taking hold of the Sg ?dn "i^b rL"*",'"? ^"««' head% the bit, the ri^ht hanT^ ^Ttuf '^\ !^, 'T'*' "l"'? 'o the shafts, and gives the woi^ « *.„j i. "T ^''^'' ™>«e« then backs t£ shafi C^e ^V" ** '*''??1 ^''^ tugs upon the shaf ™ then hoAlr tj, . **""*" '.r should be shortened by mWTf' the buckl^ sufficiently to enable the man to holLtsingTethiougl'lSskft neJ.f'cheeWndThTi' "* *^' l««dingrein should lead to the tur^W J}!iT f ^.i?"P?^'^*^ *^ h« *^"^ed to the right bv turning the hand, thuml)down, but it is more generaUv ]nnl hi T^'^'^t^' ^??\*^ *^« "gH bearinnhefffT^Jawa^ by placing the whip hand on the rein • this will wX J^ neck7 ^'^ """"''' "' '"^'^^'^ r^^^ agamst the left side of hia m Turning to the left is done by turning the hand, little finger down, or by carrying the left hand to the left and throwing the whip oyer the oif horse's neck. 11. Moving of from a Htdt. At the word March, the drivers ease the reins, and close iheir legs to the riding horses, laying the stock of the whip, thong in hand, over the necks of the off horses, which will ensure their starting together ; this is of great importance, not only to prev^t the breaking of the harness, but also th» jibbing of the horses. The spurs are for the riding horse, the whii) for the off horse ; in using the^ whip it should be applied over the •houlder or neck, but never when the off horse is mounted, he must then be kept up to his work by the spurs of the mounted gunner. Wheel and centre drivers must be careful that the horses in front of them are kept in proper draught, the lead driver being responsible for dressing. To prevent loss of distance, on the command March every man snould start his horses. Drivers should be specially cautioned not to wait until the carriage in front of them moves off. The distance of at least four yards from the end of car- riage in front to leaders' heads of team following must always be maintained. In moving, generally, the lead driver is responsible for the dressing, but to enable him to keep it well, tne pace should inot be allowed to fluctuate or alter without word of com- mand ; he is also responsible that he keeps his horses evenly to their work, but since he is answerable for the dressing his position is fixed, and it lies with the centre driver to see that the lead traces are well stretched ; the centre driver then sees to this, and that his horses are working evenly. The wheel driver sees that the centre driver's traces are well stretched, and that his own horses are doing their share _* „ 1_ J 1-^ 1^^ ; 1 1 ,1 t 1 :i • Hi. wuisk. auu wuijiiug tjveuiy ; uiaeea, tne wneei anver is more responsible for the share of work falling on the horses in 80 tibe team than any other driver, he should be a sturdilv built w&t rl'^ """* '<""' »* a team is driven deuendb the off lilf '^Tr'^' ""' /"."'"« ■"<"""« «" the gunnr^ tne off lead.— The mounted gunner should be tall hntliX and active, rather long limbeS, to mount luV' '*"" 12. Halting or Pulling uy. wateLl^f ra^ bii jXt tL w^Mr «i:^ and centre drivers feeling the bits firmlv w i '^-i *4 ssx ill vrrivtTnf^Af f r f '? horseTare saved sTvert r^ns rt'^r'^' *\^ *??= «''^«1 men,, beire hatng%S„g%t"Sn' "^ " ""^ ""'- 13. Alteration of Pace. usfth^i kS whips al dlTctlH"*"'"''^''- P%"^ *^''"^«" jerking the^orllafc'efuUy ro^^.'"" ^''^ "^^ 90 14. Taking ground. TaWw ground, each carriage wheels, independently of htseteds!'' * '''' ^^ "^'^* *°^^"' ^" *^" ^^^\"g It IB done by turning the horsee in succession as they come nearly up to the same spot of ground. The lead and centre horses should be taken out of the collar as they turn the corner until the wheel horses and limber have n'i^^^v, i^'^f^^'V^^^.*';^ apt to draw the outside trace over the horse's back, and also pinch the driver's leg by the horses pulling as It were round a comer. To ensure the wheelers alone brii ging the gun round the turn, It 18 usual to pi^t them well into the coU£« and increase tne pace a httle coming up to the turn. hJLZi^ ^v ^"""^ '" all turns that it is nearly impossible to bnng the limber over the exact ground on whiA the lead thlT. .""^.f • I* '??^^ ^"^y J^ *^^"^ ^y a ^eat exertion on tHepart of the wheel horses ; thus although they are generallv put well into the collar, they bring the iLber round a liuie short of the point where the lead horses turned. Hence in hmbering up It is usual for the lead horsesto jump well over'^ the trail the hmber wheels either going over the tffel-eye or close to it ; where this is not done the crail-eye is so far from the pintail when the limber has come round into its phice that the latter has to be backed (which is dangerous) or the gun run up by the gunners It is not, however, ad viable d^a Td^^^' *^ ^°^^ *^^ ^"^"^ ^^ *P* *^ ^® Taking ground to the right, the lead driver works his horses ^?^t^ Ifi "^ the mward rein of the riding horse, pressing with his left leg, and taking the leading rein in the rigit hand, to bear the off-horse off; the gunner, when mounted, manages the off-horse. The centre and wheel drivers aid their horeea round m the same manner, taking care to follow the lead. The wheel driver must keep the shaft horse from lying in the Tdkinn around t.n thjt laA T'l^o i«-j j . i • n^^^^,\\f• ""i "Tr^'i ^t""" /^*^ """ centre anvers work their horses round by feehng the left rein and pressing T i 91 until the turn is comnlS . TJ" /^TP^.^hen mJunteci} in the .same manner ketil\l^^^ ^"^"^ works round in the breeching * ^ ^ *^^ '"^'"^ ^«^«« f^<^ni lying back 15. Reversing. otW "'^' ~* ""^"g^ '^'el^ »l>ont independently oHU the left, feeW withXellft tT *" J^^orey, eiieKn'g round to leg, watching tKniwe the Xj ?"/.P'««™g w^th the right his riding horse fromT/„rji''^'''l'^*'*»''">l?«»'-« to keep *e«.rri|e i. AU^''^ indt^T'^"'""^' »*--« Jou^TOeefifg^ tS^Kr f "^^'« '"^^ "o- leg, taking h„Id?f the Sin?;^n ?'«f''"g . «th the left bearing o# the off-horse Sc"?ffKT'''^'^' "S*" •>»"<». ««d on the carriase until ?hVw£'^',*' M"'e). keeping their eyes ^ver goes aCh, the "^'1'' « completed. h>e wheel wefufthat the shSt ho,^1 j,"?""' ""^ ""^t ^ very breeching. *^' '""*« "« ''^Pt "P from lying in the poSii:!! o"n™&ti^L'rS:eTr t:^^^' »° ">"- »^*« bring it up square. ^ '° *"*'^' »" •« "> ^ aWe to 16. Inclining, ^&^ I'Lris hTwiX';? *'"= ''''^''*-''" o"!-^- c«med on in a parallel diSn at tJ!' " *"^''"' "^ '^> " K»inmg ground to a flank. "^"^ *™* *•»» 't is "• '^'^'^'V '">d SlunUders Fomard. to"be"iSe onl'^;^"|;y^» ite Prt^, from the halt are "-UK , aunng the •• eel dressing i, to the -■— ■ ' -'t -^- • 92 served from the pivot '^"'^' ""'"■™' '" P™. When wheels are made on a dxetl mVnf .»,^ • . muBt move towanla tl.o ,o., . j "^*",P"'ot, the pivot gun form up VquZ U,. n,ifl' "'?/'!«?' »''»»t to enable S to soccessSJn!' '"''*'' subdmaons come into line in frorcoW rto'Ce'o^r'''? piTot except in wheeling doneonafixed p°vot "' ""° «°l<««n, which can bl pivot :nitz:^' Tz Z!zz:i "^ ■i^'^-^ «' '"« completed bv everv snWiii.i . J?"*"''' *" "'»'■ »' may be the ^ord fl:;d'rgi^r "' *' »nme moment, /he« -^'^Piy''o!ZSZ%$}i-4'^^^^^^^^^ or com- com})lete the wheel to thp ?, , i V' • , ^^ required to J^^lea "half 4t*" ^iS/leT-lLT^rdr^rof »o' i *X""i:^,",'^-,/"™J^ ?f the man as at foot drill, but holding the left bridoon rein near the ring of the bridoon jmhtEe right hand raised as high as the man's shoulder I toes in a line with the horse's fore-feet, left hand hanging down by the thigh When with swords, the sword is broTh? perpendicular by the side, with the left hand extended do;^- Tp «Sn°^ri.^^^!??' ^'^d thumb in front of it ; the shoe of the scabbard should be m front of the heel of the boot ,n„i(r/Tf ^/.y^** H(yrse8.~A. fuU step forward with the nght foot turning to the right-about, on the ball of it, taking t^e bridoon rems m each hand near the rings of the bit msing the horse's head to the height of the man's shoulder, SIX inches from his breast, and maling the horse stand even! >i«if!T ^^^i^ioq a man shows a horse to an Officer when ^r^ A . ^^^^'"^^ hoi'ses forinspection the horses are to be turned to the right-about. i>res».-.When fronting the horses, dress to the left, if the r^ht would be the flank dressed to Vhen mounted, and v^ ^l<^ndto your Horses.— A fuU step forward, with the right foot to the horse's near side, and turn left-about on the Fall ot It. btandmg to the off side is only done when off side is S- ,T ; the man steps in with his left foot, and turns right-about, and m fronting again, he steps out with his left foot, turnmg left-about. ^ r 6. Mounting with Stirrufs. . Prej^are toM'mnt.-[lxi Four Motions.] O^w.— Turn to the nght on the left heel, place the right foot opposite the stirrup, paraUel to the side of the loi^e ; heels six inches apart ; take the bridoon rein equaUy divided in the left hand, and the bit rems m the rigtt hand, placing the Httle finger of the left between them (the bridoon is to be taken in the same manner as the bit reins when used singly) ; place the left hand below the right on the neck of the h^orse about twelve inches from the saddle. ' Two.—T\iQ right hand draws the reins through ths Ip.ft ana snortens tUem, so that the left has a light and'equal feel- 99 ing of both reina, in the horse's mouth ; the right hand re- maining over the left. Three.— The right hand throws the end of the reins to the off side, takes a lock of the mane, brings it through the left hand, and twists it round the left thumb ; the left hand closes firmly on the mane and reins, the right hand now quits the mane, and lays hold of the left stirrup leather, with the nngers to the rear. F(mr.~The left foot is raised, and put into the stirrup, as far as the ball of it ; the right hand is placed on the cantle, and the left knee against the saddle, on the surcingle ; the lett heel w to be drawn back, in order to avoid touching the horse's side with the toe. ^ Mount.-jln Three Motions.] One.— By a spring of the nght foot from the instep, rise in the stirrup ; bring both heels together; knees firm against the saddle ; heels drawn ht h A ^^^^ ^^^^^* *^^ ^*^^^^ supported by the Two.—The right hand moves from the cantle to the pom- mel, and supports the body while the right leg passes clear over the horse's quarters to the oflF side ; the right knee closes on the saddle, and the body comes gently into it. Three.— The left hand quits the mane, and the right the pommel, the bridle hand takes its proper position ; the right hand drops by the thigh, without stiffness, the back of the hand outwards, fingers half closed. The right foot takes the stirrup, without the help of hand Ox " y G, len the squad is to Dismount, the command is given— rrepa/re to Dtmmmt.—U in close order, the even numbers rem back one horse's length ; dress to the right ; the whole then proceed with the preparatory motions. Prepare to Dismount— [In Three Motions.] One.— The right hand takes the rein above the left ; the right foot quits Two.—The right hand holding the rein, the left slides for ward unon it,, ahnnt. fw^lvo iT^nh the horse's mouth very lightly. m Three.— The right hand drops the end of the reins to the off side, takes a lock of the mane, brings it through the left hand, and twists it round the thumb, the fingers of the left hand closing firmly on the mane and reins ; the right hand ifl then placed on the pommel ; the body erect. Dismount.— [In Four Motions.] One.— Supporting the body with the right hand and left foot, the right leg id brought gently (without touching either the horse's hind q^uarters or the saddle) to the near side ; heels close ; the nght hand on the cantle, to preserve the balance of th6 body as in mounting. r«to.^Th'e body is gently lowered, until, the right toe touches the ground. Three.— Resim^ on the right foot, the left'stirrup is quitted and the left foot is placed in a line with the horse's fore-feet • the hands remain as in the former motion. * Four.— Bo\h hands quit their hold ; the man turns to the left on the left heel, and brings the body square to the front During the turn, the right hand lays hold of the bridooii tein near the ring of the bit, and raises the horse's head an high as the man's shoulder. 7. To Mount on the Of Side. ^ Ubuniitkg and dismounting on the off side has to be prac- tised by the gunners on the off horses. It is the converse of the above ; gunners do not wear swords. Officers and mounted N. C. Officers, when compelled to jnount on l^e off side, throw the sword well behind the Mi leg after rising in the stirrup ; when mounted, the sword to 06 brought to the near side. 8. To Dismount Off Side. The converse of dismounting on near side when the sword la worn, it is to be passed behind the man's back to the off eide. ft. Mounting and Dismounting without Stirrups. This is sometimes necessai-y in coming [int6 action, and with a restive horse, and is the safest plan for an active man. I i 101 in the full of the left ha, d™ Afn"" ^"^^ *"?"' ' «"« '•^in^ on the cantle. ' °" '''^ fmrnel, the right hand whtrKdrl';^ed'r?cSe^^^^^^ '-« ,T/'«p^' "y leaning over it ; by a second7niT,m „f li.^ '^'^^^' «*«>• body- till the arm, are straight '^^"^ *' *™' ^""^ '^e pommel. * '^"'^ carried fror he cantle to the B?,S ""^o." *^° ^^'""e their prope- don finger, and thumb, extentdfnlerm'mll ^^"^ ^''' '^« Stirrup fttirrups. 10. Poiition Mounted~-unth Rein in eac and ^J^l^f^^^^^^ Wd erect advanced ; smaU of the back SfT^ L r/"" ^^^ ' ^^^^t part of the arms hanginaSafcffi ^^^ ^^'.^^^ ' "PPer elbows bent and lighly ?lo edfo ft K? ^'T ^l"^ ^^^^^er ; level with the elbows ;wSrofr,^.^ ^t ' ^"^^ ^"^^^^ on a to the front, and thumr^nS fnl.^^'*'^"^*^" ^"««fcl«s eachhand holding a rein Cl^.u^"??"^'^ »^^o«« the body • the end throv^fver Te forefin.V^' *^^? ^"^ ^««^th finger! it, the hands aboiu thr.' t'^fe^.^^^ ^^umb closed^oS iroiiifourto six inches apart'^^' """ '"^ "'''^"^' *^^ vaiying- 102 The thigh well stretched down from the hip ; the flat of the thigh to the saddle ; knees a little bent, legs hanging straight down from the knee and near the horse's sides ; heels well stretched down, the toes raised from the insteps, and as near the horse's sides as the heels. A plummet line from the front point of the shoulder should fall 3 to 5 inches behind the heel. This is the position halted, or at a walk ; at a trot the body- must be inclined a little back, the whole figure pliant, and accompanying the movements of the horse. The position with stirrups is the same as without, the heels well stretched down and lower than the toes. The foot kept in its place by the play of the ankle and instep, the stirrup being u^der the ball of the foot. March. — in moving forward, the hands are to be eased by turning the little fingers towards the head of the horse ; when in motion the hands resume their position. Halt. — A steady feeling of both reins, by bringing the little fingers towaids the breast, nails turned upwards ; both legs closed for a moment, to keep the horse up to the hand ; hands eased as soon as halted. Sit at Ease. — Drop both hands with the backs up on front part of saddle, fingers extended ; palms of hands on saddle ; reins retained between forefinger and thumb of each hand. Make much of your horses. — If riding on the left rein, both reins are taken in that hand, and with right, pats of encour- agement are given on the horse's neck ; if riding on the right rein, the left hand is used to caress the horse's neck. If the command "■ sit at ease*^ is followed by the word " dt easy,^* the men may move their limbs, but must not lose their dressing. On the word "eyesfronV' being given to men ^^ sitting easy^^ thev will at once assume the position of "sit at ease." Attention. — The position described in the two first para- graphs must at once be resumed. Bein Back. — A light feeling of both reins ; little fingers towards the breast, and pressure of both legs to raise the fore-hand, and keep the haunches under the horse : easp th^ 103 be felt ;;„d he TwIrdZ a™l?S''?-,?''' """'"'i "Bight or left tZ^^H '^'ilZfT^^^ the outward retaining a stead^teling ^ "" Jout'S l?V."P „'?. *f i.*"". \y a pressure of both leg,, ing the bend, i inward rein, the" outw^S leT'thT stroZ7f ' t^ " P'f ''"■" "^ ^"H' leg», being thrown out '"""S""' '» ''oep the haunches from thI"rl^rbaHi^te^«ie«„gerof In working tHhe rieht th. f^ ' t" "■?"? "^« f«re-hand.* hand to be on a level 1^ he ttu\°^ the inward (right) mward rein one inch Xrter ,o t tX ,°h *•; "^f' = th« horse', inward eye, and viclv'rsT ^'* "*" "<''^'' '^^ *« me?"Stt'ffl'f.^^^7f °/,-do of the n.anege, in n»u^r^'d'L';aK™„7''t'lfs&'i,,^"A'"'''''''J' """ege, can be ma •ure o, the reins -^a nst one ,1de „rK,' ^*"l ""«" "> t °rn iK^i" '-—.== w«argers. - ""'^"*»>' ^^ave >yung horses to 104 the body, nails upwards, and resuming the position, alter- nately, by a movement of the wrist, not by easing and draw- ing back the hand by a motion of the elbow, wMch must be kept steady. It must be well explained that lightness of hand consists in an almost imnerceptible feeling and alternate easing of th6 bridle, according to the motion of the horse, by which the delicacy of the horse's mouth is preserved. 11. Position of Bridle Hand, withrihe Bit. The unper part of the arm hanging straight down from the shoulder, the left elbow lightly touching the hip ; the lower part of the arm square to the upper ; nttle finger on a level with the \ elbow ; wrist rounded outward ; the back of the hand to the front, the thumb pointing across the body. The hand opposite the centre of the body, and three inches from it. The bridoon rein when working with the bit to be held in the full of the bridle hand, and apart from the bit reins. The top of the thumb firmly closed on the bit reins which are divided by the little finger. The right hand drops by the thigh without stiffness, the back of the hand outwards, fingers half closed. 12. Dressing. Dress. — The flank man, and the man next to him, being placed with their horses square, in line with the marker, with one yard between them, the remainder take up the dressing in succession from the flank to which the dressing is ordered, each keeping the same interval. Bodies to be quite square to the front ; heads well up, and just turned enough to allow a glance of the eye towards the oressing point, so as to see only the surface of the face of the next file but one. A correct position must be retained while dressing, whether halted, or moving ; and no attempt must be made to catch the dressing, by leaning forward, or back. 13. Preparatory Sword Drill on Foot. The squad will be formed up at open files standing at ease, 105 the right foot drawn back six n!hes X I.'i^l"^ \'^' '^'>' Attention.— The swnr^ t„ ui i ' t '*" '^"«'' hent. the bottom of the 'cTbbi^ "io^Vught upright by the side, of the heel of X foot Ihe W? °" *' ^rouna, in fron round the scabbarf' thuml^ Sfront fiZf"-'""^'^' "'^ >«"»<» ''od/ placing "he S"f efbelow ''t'hf '.''' P""-""" ''^'•'« scabbard, the thumb and remainfnafi. lower ring of the toi-ching the back par? of the am^ ""'^'^ '°"°d *'. thehUt tiofof^^r; "''^ '^'""'^'■^ '" ti"^ g-^-^d, as in the po,i- the;^rn^::s.ThrLetgrsitn ^'''•'"»''- ^-- sUghtly thrown forwa d bSn,^?i •*i!.'°P ™8> ""^ l^" time smartly acrosrthe bodTf^ ll "ght arm at the same on the wrist/and gTvin^ the I,^. J> ""* ''^"'' ''''»*' pl^^ng it rk' it fe4 andfafti hi f """1''" f '""" mwarlto the rear, and kise 'th hand t hei^lft?/?^ "J,™ *\''"' "> bemg clooe to the bodv iw o. *= ! °' ^'"^ '^"'0«'. the arm from the scabbardwllh' a^ extZled a^m" tL'S" t -^""^ ■.he rear, and s nk the hand „nVii .? l^' ■ ^S^ hemg to the chin, the blade pernendicX- ^h-^^ on a level ^th elbow close to the boffv whth f ' fu "^^^ '" ">« le^. an* W*; then by a thli^l moin T- ">« r^'^ion of Uncover down untU the hilt h TlT •?? *}"' '*"'°''J^ "tartly close to the bodv l.lad» ^1 j- "?"' ""^ e'bow, the ari cUned to the leftf'wS f^rnS^"'*!;-*'''^ "^K' dightly iV »t the same time briig thTsSbtaiT^T °t^?V ^w^; position as directed fo? Att,11in,, iT t° *Y ''"^''' '" the same Sfo;'«SM,orrf,._Looren t f™ ;, „f *f d>'a»'ing swords. Hck of the sword fall lUl^^ Y°/i''« "jandle, and let the ._ _ , ^P'^cts the position of sZ'" ^ r. *» f^!""'''. « jwurag the right foot drawn i^-'^i' ' •"'' f^^^^ oeioie drawinff '>ent, thepaliof ^^^'SruT^Jtu^^^XXliZ -P^JWiMB^ffil^^^, ; 106 BMbbard. This position of standing at ease is always to be adopted on foot with swords drawn, both in the ranks and at open files. Attention.— Come smartly to the position of Slope Swords, with the scabbard upright by the left side. Carry Sivords.—Bj a motion of the wiist and fingers re- sume the grasp of the handle, so as to bring the blade'un- nght, as before. ^ J'^etum Swords —CtiVTy the hilt to the hollow of the left shoulder, the blade being kept perpendicular, and the back of the hand to the front, then, by a quick turn of the wrist, drop the point into the scabbard, and resume the first motion in Draw Sword^; by a second motion let the sword fall smoothly from the hand, at the same time loosening the sword knot from the wrist ; by a last motion come smartly to the position of Attention. In marching with swords drawn, the scabbard is tc be raised on the word March, and lowered to the ground on the word Halt, m the same manner as described for marching with swords not drawn. ^ The recruit having been perfectly instructed in drawing and returning lus sword, will now be made acquainted with the strong and weak points of it ; the Fort (strong) being the hall of the blade near the liilt, the Feeble (weak), the half towards the point ; indeed, a knowledge of these distinc- tions is very material, either in giving or guarding a cut : as much depends upon their proper application. From the hilt upwards, m opposing the blade of an adversary, the strength of the defence decreases in proportion, as the'cut is received towards the point ; and vice versa, it increases from the point downwards. The same grasp of the sword is to be retained throughout. 14. The Sivord when Mounted. Horses unaccustomed to the sword must be treated very gently and gradually familiarized with its use by the rider, ■who SiiOUid iiOvcr use it to strike his horse, nor use a riding ■Whip, which will make a horse shy when the sword is raised, 107 mistaking it ;for a whip. The sword should be slung with the front sbng so short that the hUt will hang close to the •tnpe on the left thigh-in this position the bridle arm below the elbow catches the sling and holds it down if the sword ia •l^"\"./?^i»gfrom the scabbard, the latter does not fly about if slung short and passed through the loop of the sabre- tache, as It will with a long sling. In returning the sword. 1 .r AV t«"}ed outwards, the blade comes acros.* the k-V .1? i^''' scabbard and steadies it to facilitate sheathing ; while the forearm of the rider guides the ba(5k of the blade to the sheath the handle IS then turned in the right direction to allow the blade to drop home. It is dangerous to have the sword too loose in the sheath when mounted, as if jerked out m leaping, it falls on the hilt, which is hekvy and pre- t^r^ ^ 1^'"''* *r^.u*^' horse's breast or belly, as he descends from the leap The sabretache (which should contain a map of the country with roads marked) is worn with the front shng shorter than the rest. In walking the sword slings may W^.?.^ '"'"'''"T"^ ^'"«^?- J^^^« ^^^"^ small details, but iew things make a man look more foolish tlian not being able to return his sword, and men are apt not to respect an t *entVma be ^"^^^"^ ''^ ^^'^^'^ ^'« ^^^^^^r wLt his h.'i!^T ^^r''''^X~^' ^^^''^^ ^^^^^^^^ 5 except that the left io^t } 'S ^^"^ ''^''''' '^^^' ^^^ ^l"it its position to grasp the mg), by the left elLow catching the front sling (as before described), the scabbard, after the sword is d?avVn, is left hanging by the sling. ' " Carry Sivards.-The right elbow to touch the hip Hghtly • the wrist rounded so as to incUne the edge slightV to tie in it f^\ lx!''^Z^^}^''^ ^ ^^^^^ a^d extended straight to the front, the blade of the sword remaining on fhl Biiuuiaer wiui the edge up. ° ' Slope Swords.-By bringing the lower part of the arms T a.mmAm,:^» II! .«» , I p 1-^ B' 1 '1 u 1 108 aquaie with the upper, and by bending the mint upwards ^'i« a< Ease.— Tha sword hand is lowered and aUowed to Make much 0/ vmir hmses.—The blade of the sword near halid, back ot Xlado to th<; left, and so held with the reins win e the nght hand is UBed to pat ■ nd caress the horse's neck' wnr ^^%\\ coniniand Sit at Ease is followed by the Keei/tfp?^ «woid blade will be lowered and placed the fro f L ■•;w f ^^""'^ °^ ^^« l^^^t hand, eige to thJZ ' ^ -rA'^ ^'^''^ '^'^'''^ ^'" ^^^ thigh, the men will the'r dreiin^'"'^ '' '''''' '^"^ ^^^^ ^" ' "^^'^^ not l^e Eyes front— On the words Eyes front being Riven to men m7^' '^''^ ''^'^''' '''^^ ^' ^^^ ^«^^"^- tie posiLn of raising the sword bfade, bringing the lower part of the arm SZT^ '^^ V-PP"^' '}' ^'^' ^ «^ *^^ '^''^-^ the shoulde? 1 he bridle hand is raised to proper position. at^a^/^rf^'T^f is oiderecf at tlie walk,themen remain at Larry Swords till ordered to Slope; when at the Trot or Canter, they come to Slope directly. 15. Rules for Markers. • When an officer or markers take up points for formation ttl t^l T]^' ' }^ marking'for Unl, ?he hilt of the sword m to be held close to the right cheek, edge to the front : if for column the sword is to1)e at the Recover. On receiving the word Steady from the officer or sergeant-major dressing the points, they return swords. ^ .J^A^^"^^^"^'^.^ ^"^ ^f» *he directing officer extends his sword or sword arm to the front. .^ 109 16. Officers' Salute. intauti y. On the march when mounted (exce])t when on the swoKl Ls to be at the Hloj)e. When the swonl i.s at the " Carryr mounted (an in parade movements and on complimentary occasions), the positi(;u is witli the hilt resting on tiie r,ght tlu^h, the blade pL^Z^ h'l ryr^'^'^'^^'r^'^''^ ^" "»^^"^^ tJ^« edge Hl/ghtly to the eft, tJie grasp of th.. lower fingers slightly ^elaxeS. ^ llie saiut^e on the march is to commence when at ten paces from the reviewing othcer, taking the time from the othcer on the right The swoM is then raised, by extendi'ng the arm to the right, and by a ciirular motiin InoughT?? the Eecover ; contmiung the motion to the right shoulder trom whence the sword is lowered to the full extent of th' arm, edge to the left, point about 10 inches from the ground® m^!.w"Hn £,7^^1'^«^»'K the salute on foot is six ptces of. quicK time. The same time is given for the salute when ?vt.^fl\'''^ '^'' -'^""^^ should then be held at the fuU exte t of the arm m a line with the knee, edge to the left. fonv '.;"r^ ^^^^"^^d «V ^^' ^^- ^" ^^^ "^^^^^ the above niPnf un"'' ^? ''""^^^ combmed into one graceful move- fwav.} k 1 ' I. 'i"" l>aces beyond the saluting point the , " Cai. ' n^^l^f ^*f 1^ th« Recover at one pace, and to the ^airy on the following pace. 17. Sword arm Signals. It may sometimes be advantageous to use the following 3ignaK which can be made with the sword or arm :— ^ ^ direcSt';;itd"' "^' "" ®^^®"'^^ horizontally in the ^ 2. Right or Left take ground or wc^we.— Sword and arm reT^^d dtS^"^' ^^^^^^ ^- -^^^ '^^ shoulde^rrfn^thT zontallv''t^"L^'-^' f^;^«^.-Sword and arm extended, hori- directilfn. ^^^^ "^ ^ ^''*'*®'' ^"'''^^ '"^ *^^ required i 110 6. A^ton.~To indicate a t)osition for action, or to be occupied, awaiting further orSers :~arm and sword raised perpendicularly and then lowered point to the ground body well bent down. i-l^^^^^^^^^ ^o^ed with a Double Column.-A fonnation ^of two co"um„s Direct Echelon.— Is when the line is brolrPT, i«f^ i garts,^moving direct to the front^^^I?^iS t^^/sli^ ^Oblique Echelon.-l8 when the Hne isbrolr.. i.f. i.«..« u^' wneei«.iiom line to column, less than 'the quarter 114 circle, so aa to be oblique to the former front, and parallel with each other, thus :— Alignment.— The line between two given points, or in pro- longation of two points given as a base. New Alignment.— The line on which the column is march- m^ after it has wheeled, or changed its direction. Formation.— The act or method by which a body places itself 'H positiop. ^ De^ioyment.~The formation of line from column. l'Iank.~The outer extremity of any body of men. Also the direction to either hand of a body moving. Pivot.--The flank man or gun on which a body wheels, tixed Pivot.— When the pivot man or gun, during the Wbtel, turns upon the same ground. Movea])le Pivot.— When during the wheel the pivot man or gun descrioes a portion af a circle. Pivot Flank.— In column of companies, batteries, half- batteries, &c., that flank on which the troops are workinms" is used, it is .t1ie correction of an 2^v7n^/f!^'^^' t''^ "I>™ ..jp," it is for a rank to move up to and dress by another formed Une * rea^oTano^thTi?" "'' "^ ^ ^''^^' ^^^'^'- ''''^^ ^^^'^^^tl>' ^^ ta^eouslT '^^^""^^'-""^^^^"^S S^'*^^i^<^ ^^ f^'^nt and flank %imul- Flank March.— Gaining ground to a flank only. - Takmg Uround.-Movmg to a flank, each carriage or body l^p'o"'^ independently, at right angles tS its pi/ Wheeling or Shoulders forward. -A body bringing for ward a flank on a fixed or moveable pivot ^ o^^'- the wheel to the half or quarter circle, after having wheeled ^alf or " Quarter,'' '' RjghV or *' Left^ Paces.- The denomination of different degrees of speed also a measurement of distance. ^ ' oom^ilp'agafn?''^^ ^''''* ''^' " '^'^ ^*' ^^^^^'^'^ ^hey must revers. and "-^^-v. i 116 Markers. — Non-commissioned Officers employed to give bases, and mark points. Body of Direction. — Is the body on which the dressing or direction of the rest depends. Alarm Post. — The place ("previously indicated) where troops assemble when ordered to turn out suddenly. Parade Movements. — The movements laid down for the inspection of a regiment or body of troops. Parade Line, — The Line of original Formation, from which the Reviewing Officer is received and saluted. Passing Line. — That opposite the Parade Line, the centre of which is the Reviewing Officer's Post. Recruit, Squad, Arm and Sword Drills are found in In- fantry or Cav^by manuals, and will not be dealt with in the present work. Intervals. — 1. Between files when formed in squadron,^ 6 inches from knee to knee. 2. Between the guns of a battery in line, full intervals, 6 horses 20 paces, 4 horses 15 paces. 3. Between squadrons in fine. The breadth of a division, but never less than 12 paces. 4. Between cavalry regiments in Une, or between cavalry and infantry in line, as for sjjuadrons. 6. between battalions in line, 80 paces. 6. Between batteries in line, or between artillery and oCEier troops, 30 paces. 7. Between cavalry regiments in contiguous columns, aft for squadrons. 8. Between battalions in contiguous columns, 12 or 30 paces, as ordered. Depth of Troops. — 1. A regiment of cavalry, 2 ranks, in ]ine at close order, 8 yards. 2. A battalion, 2 ranks, in line at close order, 2 yards. 3. A battery, in line at close order, with wagons, 34 yards. If without wagons, 16 yards. 4. A cavalry regiment, 4 squadrons, in quarter distance column, 56 yards. R A haffulinn 10 onm-nftnipsi in nnftrtAT p.nTnTnn. fifi VArila. 117 Extent of Front op Troops i tk * culated b/'Z:,S;;>"-V; or let*:;" 'T^''^^' - -l" nuUer^/li^^.'ifeomrsP''"^ "' P'"'^^ ^ ''^ht-tentha the paces interval, cover, about u'mUe™'*'"' "'^'^ '"* « e P/4jnte::^ ^Z^S'J^i^"^^ order ,vith linkit 'Sf„ jtrtr„'i „r,t>j ^^^^^^^ of wei. time required to «et thpm inf„ ""^oupied by troops, and the soldier occupies 2 feet of f?on? Vw '"" ' ^very infantry two ranks, .ivery man m,y b* 'saM fn "■"' "' ^^^ "'^ '"•<' ™ fore 8000 men occu^w a^raL'"'!'? '"^"n 1 foot ; there- require the same timifl,ft !^ ' "'^ consequently it will "P the rear of a c^',mn 'f ^onn'" ""''"^ » """o to b h.g which the head started" '^^ """" '" *^ Pomt from At 2 Zu':Z'r;tf1^Z^rJ' r""-'' »' ammunition. --«. A battery caSie, L thl ^,' "'fl'T''"'^ '° ''^'^ ^^ hour munition. At one shot » -ninnf^ f'i™''"' ^? ''O'""'' of am- m half an hour """^' *'' '^onM be e.^hausted A waggon contains 120 rounds of ammunition. I ■''^^»««»nih*is 118 SECTION 2. IhriLl. riiNERAL RULES. I. Instructicn oj the F€crmt.—T.he instinct ore must Le clear film, and concise in giving their directions. ILey must allow for the difierent capacities ol the recruits, and be patient where endeavour and good-will are apparent. 2. Recruits should iully compreherid one part of their drill before they proceed to another. ^Mum first taught their positions, they should be properly placed by the in- structor : wften more advanced, they should not be touched, but tarrght to correct themselves when admonished. They should not be kept too long at any one part of their exer- cise. Marcliing without arms should be intermixed with the carbine instruction. II. Dwatwii of Drillsy <£c.~Short and frequent drills are pre- ferable to long lessons, which exhaust the attention both of the instructor and recruit. The recruits should be moved on progressively from squad to squad according to theii- merit, 80 that the quick, intelligent soldier may not be kept back by men of inferior capacity. To arrive at the first squad snould be made an object of ambition to the young soldier. III. Mutuul Instruction. — A system of mutual instruction will be practised amongst recruits; it gives the young soldier additional interest in his drill, and prepares him for the duties of a noii-commissioned officer. Recruits should in turn, be called out to put their squad through the exercises which have been practised, and encouraged to correct any error they may observe. Lists of those who show talent for imnftrtincf instruction Hhoiild he. kent for r^fprPTip^ 119 IV. Words of Oommand.— Every command must be ioud. and distmctl.7 pronounced, so as to be heard by all concerned : for whicli reason it should be pitched half a tone higher than ii8 wont> 2. Every command that consists of one word must be pre- ceded by a caution : the caution, or cautionary part of a command, must be given slowly and distinctly ; t^e I^t or executive part which, m general, should consist of only one word or syllable, must be given sharply and quickly: as Battery— Hi^U : Hidf Right— Turn. A pause of slow time will invariably be made between the caution, or cautionary part of a command^ and the executive word. 3. The words given in the Extension Motions and Balance iitep must be given sharply, or slowly and smoothly, as the nature of the motion may require. 4. When the last word of a caution is the signal for any pre paratory movement, it will be given as an executive word und separated from the rest of the command by a pause o/ »low time ; thus, B^t~F^m. QuM-M^rch, as though there were two separate commands, each with its caution and executive word. r^tJI^'T the men are in motion, executive words must be tbpm fn .T.*' ^f^ are commencing the pace which will brinff them to the spot on which the commanS has to be executed. The cautionary part of the word must, therefore, be com- menced accordingly. , "c wm 6. —Officers and non-commissioned officers should fre- Sr?i,,'^i'^ practised in giving words of command. It will cLtr^ ^ Tt^^^"" *« P*«ti<^« ««ve^al officers, or non- commissioned officers to^etlier, in giving words of command first m succession then stmultaneously f the time aXpiteli being first given by the instructor. ""e ana pitcn 120 V. In impaptirg instruction in ArtiHery drills, it ehould be borne in mind, that in every ciiange of numbers, men have to learn different duties and to handle different implements from those they were previously engaged with ; the duties again vary with the several natures of ordnance, which are themselves divided into two classes : muzzle-loading and breech-loading. It is therefore impossible that such a variety of exercises can be well executed, unless the object of the various duties is comprehended. Long e/planations relative to the position of the body are to be avoided, the Drill Instructor oiiould either place each man in the /position he is to occupy in the perforn, ince of b*s duty, or himself show how the dutjr is to be performed. Great patience and the utmost precision are necessary on the part of the Instructor. He should more especially en- deavour to excite a spirited and active deportment in the squad ; and, above all, be particularly careful not to dwell too long on any one point m the drill. A portion, therefore, of each lesson should be devoted to theoretical instruction and to an explanation of the different parts of the gune, car- riages and ammunition which are used, laying, preparing shells and fuzes, judging distances, and the use of the several projectiles at proper ranges. This instruction may be given at intervals cfuring the time the ordinary drills are being learnt. A thorough knowledge of the sights, and of the rules for applying corrections to rectify errors arising from difference of level of wheels, strong wind across or down the range, &c., is most essential, and also that the men should be constantly exercised in the same, so that in actual practice the proper corrections may be applied without hesitation. This subject ' is fully entered into at page 125. On no account whatever should the Instructor allow the detachment to pretend to load or lay the gun. The essence of drill is that the Nos. should handle correctly the material QCiuiigiiijj IV liic guii. x\j ciiuio-ic luiciu ly ao inis a aummy projectile cartridge and tube must be used every time the guu ^ loaded. 121 ordaanc* °thT«m. m ""="^0^ "" '^»"»'» description, of „ Jf''^ Instructor should ascertain that each No is at hi. C 2'^' K V^L' It "^ ,??"« out N^ i'«"pt./? the word *'Down " ^°^®^ ^^ ^^^ ** -.o5dt;rirnS^&%» r^ »' — -^ n». z it ^tSolf'X?''?^^''^'" ''^^■' »?»" i^ l»»d«* »iU bfl flmVk J ' J ?. ** *<" of •'«»« loaded, the loadinir ^mmtce tng'^y^^n^"" "»' fi-"* "■"" *« onJert'r:? wilhth"^rot?!?ei'rL'a?crf t^l:''Pf^''' " """^i''^"" fusion. '^ Pertorraance of all the duties, avoiding con- oufof the Sf '^""" "^ ^'P' ""^'^'^^ ""til the sponge is The sponge, which should be fairlv "hiol, » «i,„„m k. ?f rtef™'' *^ '!if 'T'^'^g is thiV&tatd"" '^ charge bWn ™t hV.h. T'^i'^g^'""'','''' "l"'""^'*! and thi powL'XdTnt'^th/^eiSr'""''"'' "' ' ^'"^^' 1»^"«'y of Whe^uTh^oX «o11'f- ^'*-?"' % o^-l^' of tt« No. 1. ^^.^«uuu musi ue left to the men themselyesr"' ' ■•sji - nsHi ...i f^- 122 FIBIiD ARTILLERY FOOT PARADE. It is not desirable to have two kinds of foot-drills in the Canadian Artillery, i.e., Infantry for foot gunners, aud Cavalry for dismounted drivers, aa in the R. A., where men are enlisted for long periods of service ; therefore the Infantry formation by fours— which gives sufficient room for tiles wearing spurs— will alone be used to move Artillery on foot parades without guns. SECTION 3. N. C. Officers and Men Saluting. ' Soldiers will be practised in saluting, first by Numbers then judging the Time ; being turned to the right for the right-hand salute, to the left for the left-hand salute. C&ntion,— Right-hand Salute, by Numbers. On the word One, bring the right hand smartly, but with a circular motion, to the head, pahn to the front, point of the forefinger one inch above the right eye, thumb close to the forefinger ; elbow in line, and nearly square, with the shoulder ; at the same time, slightly turn the head to the left. On the word Two, let the arm fall to tlie side, and turn the head to the front. CeLViiion,— Bight-hand Salute^ judging the Time. Bight-hand ■<( On the word Salute, go through the two Sahite. -{ motions described in One and Two. Soldiers will be taught to salute with the left hand in like manner. , ^^ .„ . Soldiers, if standing still when an officer passes, wiU turn towards him, come to attention, and salute ; if sitting, the;r wiU rise, stand at attention and salute. Wiieu a solUiei aa- dresees an officer, ht wiU salute, and halt two paces from Om Two 123 ^Sire's* .■:t-':*"-' '""' •« ■» Salute ivhen Mounted. towarThim ' ^ "d« •" ^«««(»», castins l.is eyes towards hlln ^ '"'^wordto the Carry, casting'^hU eyes SECTION 4. Instrction in Laying Ordnance. EXPLANATION OF TERMS. The definitions in Gunnery are given at page SIGHTS. 8 eigni, or with two trunnion and two tangent sights. 124 ^^^""'^Z^ i^^^l ^® geneia]]y graduated with a degree S«v^i^ y 1 '1^^ i^'^^'- ^^ ^""^'^ o^d«^ patterns, tangent sights have only the degree scale (on the rear face) : in such caaes lelereiice has to he made to the brass plate on the trail for the number ol degrees of elevation conesponding to any given range. Some tangent sights, such as the 16-pr., have a Blow motion screw at the head to give minutes of eleva- JilVain^'^- ^V^f ^^i^^ ? shding deflection leaf, capable of giving 30 minutes' deflection on either side. TO ADJUST THE SCALE FOR ELEVATION. ««T?it ^^"P''* i^^- "^ ""^.^^ "^^^^ *^« "^a^k for the required ^ww/* yf'^^'' "^ i^^^ ^^^^*^^ t^P^f the socket S Which the scale shdes, and is then clampedf TO ADJUST THE SCALE FOR DEFLECTION. nr^nf^f *''''' '' ^'"^w ^"^ ^¥ "g^t «^ left Of the zero point until the arrow points to the required number of minutes th«t l^t'' v'? .t^'T^' ^^^^<^^on h always given on that side to which the shot is to be thrown As a practical . ule each minute of deflection on the sight givea a diflei^nce of an inch in every 100 yards of range ; thus, sup- f^Tfi ^t^ ^^ ?f*"S?.^* ?'.^^^ y^^d« aprojectile^^ struck 12 teet to the r.ght ol the object it will be necessary to move the leaf 6 minijtes to the left or give « six minutes left deflection " to correct the error, because 12 feet = 144 inches divided by 24 (the number of hundreds of yards in the range) gives 6. TO LAY A GUN. No. 1 having set his scale, lays with a full sieht ie he brings the top of the notch, tL Ipex of the forTsK'knd the point aimed at, in line. ^ ' To^ ensure good laying, the following rules must be ob- 125 The eye not to be less than one foot in rear of the tangent scale notch, if possible more, and the distance between ey« a^a notch not to be varied from round to round. The head to be upright and the body in an easy position, npported, if possible, by holding on to, or resting on, the The most conspicuous point in the object to be chosen to lay on. The operation of laying to be completed as rapidly as Bds- sible, so as not to fatigue the eye. r j f The gun to be laid a little above the object, and then de- pressed on to it. This ensures the breech being properly supported by the elevating gear, and guards against motion of the breech on the lanyard bemg pulled. In laying a eun, avoid putting the back of the naU on the top of the sight, the hand to cover the eye, holding the tangent scale, or other peculiarity. * Much wUl depend on the Nos. who move the gun under direction of No. I. With practice and inteUigence they wiU readdy understand when the gun is to be moved fast or Slow, much or httle. The word of command will be a guide to them When loud they will work fast ; when low, they will understand th&Uhe gun is nearly on the object, and must be moved gently. Get a clear view of the object, and see that the gun is JP^^oxunately m the line of fire beiore looking over the FIXED OBJECTS. Lay on the point to be struck, as all allowances for wind, ditterence of level in trunnions, should be made on the scales, not by laying high or low, right or left. When one wheel stands lower than the other, the gun will thiw the shot towards the lowest side. The rule for applying corrections in such a case is :— ^uiiipiy tne QiiTereuce in level of the wheels in inches py tHe number of degrees of elevation for the range, for the 126 Swheef ""'"'' ^'^''"»" "> "' 8'^«» <»* tt« »ide of the deJate 7J"tt'fghro7'erand if in' '° "^"^"^ *^ *<" '» rantte esr>eri»llv -t i ' ° increasing or reducing the laying a'??ucM«.K f "?''""' f '^"7"^ practicable, in ' MOVING OBJECTS. ..rf ''^l^^'''''^''' .'* ^^^^ ^^ convenient to move the ohi^.f i"t£T^v ^,"^^^\°g ^J""*' ^^^^ ^e« niay occur, viz •-. 1. The object moving directly on the battery. ' 3 Th^ nhi!" '^'^'^''^ directly away from the battery. 3. The object moving across the front of the batter/ ThP fnll. ^ •'* '"^ w ^ Ob iquely to the front of the Ltery The following pomts wiU Lve to be decided, viz :- ^* f The direction of movements of the obierts «n*K reference to the battery. objects, with b. The rate of movements of the objects. c. The ranges. '' i\fj '^}^ approximate time of flight of a projectile firpd ^f It 18 convenient to bear in mind that an object tiavellir,» at 4 miles an hour advances about 2 yards a selL T 3 «n .uur, 4 yaws a second, and so on "; then, the time of ighl 127 being known, it is easy to make the requisite allowance. The gun is laid sufficiently in front to allow of its being fired deliberately when the object arrives at the calculated distance from the line of sight. Should the rate of progression of the object not exceed 6 miles an hour the requisite allowance may be made on the deflection scale, the rule being— Multiply the rate per hour the object is moving across the range by 5 for the numbejr of minutes' deflection to give, at any range, on the side towards which it is moving. In this case the gun is fired as the object crosses the line of sight. It must be remembered that, even on ordinarily level ground moving the t ■ ' > may affect the elevation. No. 1, as soon, as he has ad,^ . 5 eu his scale, must place himself in prolongation of the line oi sight, and step clear of the recoil as he gives the order " Fire. " It is found in practice that the principal errors are those of elevation, arising from the fact that on laying ahead, the gun is not truljr on the line in which the object is moving. Errors in direction are principally due to variations caused by wind, the/orce of which should always be taken into consider- ation. It should be remembered that when firing at an object moving in the direction towards which the wind is blowing, less deflection is necessary than would be given by the rule above mentioned, and more if the wind is blowing in the opposite direction. TO JUDGE DISTANCES. As it is evident that the distance should be known in order to determine the required elevation and length of fuze, too much pains cannot be taken in instructing men to ascertain distances correctly. In all positions there are many objects the ranges of which are known, men may therefore be constantly exercised in judging distances. — ;; — Vi" -•"-••'-•• Ji«Tv wvAJXi gciiciaiij- iUtiuuuccu iniO llie service ; they should not be allowed to serve as an excuse for not teaching men to be quick at judging distances, but should i 128 rather assist the instrr 'h*nn naa^^^ ^ may be of immense^ nor^ln.n T*^ ""IT ^^^^^ minutes with light, &c and verv ff/^^ *^^ apparent distance variS a trial shot ' ^ ^^ ^""'^ ^^^^^ ^« ascertained by SSCTION 5. standing Gun.- DrUl «,Uh B. M. L. or 8. B. FiM Gun,. The detachment eonsista of 9 numbers CO n .„j is i *ndfalk >a twp deep in rear of th"e"^SriSiohtCti^rp! TO TELL OFF. Officer. Tell of. No. 1. tak'eV^f cfiolk^'f ^ V^¥ ^ ^^ *^?^^^^ of the detachment) Slfl^Xri^h te^ turns to hi3 ,ii,^ andnumberi 6 ttiubfp^ctr "° *' ^"^^ P"*"* »" ^ "g'-t'ide, and *re tTS ' ° '^'"*' '''"" '''"'^^'^^'l "P. thelioraes' head. POSITION OP DEIAOHMENT WHEN LIMBERED UP IN ORDER OF MARCH. y^i; 'X^r.rf±'^' P"'"' of '•>« n«»r shaft and two 129 Rg. I No». 2 „d 3 in line with the adetree of the « ■ gun carnage. ^ nI'* i ^""i V"^ ^'l? ^*^ *^e centre of the traiL 7 limber. ' '^^ ^ '" ^^' ^^*^ *^« axletree of^ht Nos. 8 and 9 in Hne with the splinter bar IN FRONT. Two deep two yards in front of the shafts. IN REAR. Two deep two yards in rear of the muzzle of the gun. RIGHT OR LEFT. Two deep in Hne with the axletr(^e of thegun carriaap nn^ yard to the right or left of the wheel. "'*'^'^° carnage, one MOUNTED. No. 1 on his horse ; 2 and 3 on the gun axleseata • d ^r.A k 8 wi^^f ' 1 «^^ 't '^ ^'^'^ ^^d 6 on off Sre hoi^e^ 8 between 4 and 6, when only 4 horses are in rlrlifX tT^ 6 sits on limber box between 4 and 6 *''^^*' ^^• The gun IS never accompanied by its wagon under fire. TO MOUNT. Officer. Prepare to Mount. Mount. No. 1. Prepare to mount. Mount. to teLlT^kri!V ™"''",^'^ horse, the other Nos. guara irons with their outward hands and place their 130 inward feet, 2 and 3 on the foot rest, which they pull out ; 4 and 5 on the trail handles, 6 or 8, as the case may be, puts his right foot on the spoke of the wheel, and his right hand on the top of the wheel ^' Mount." — The whole spring into their places (the Nos. on the gun limbers facing to the rear, but turning round to the front, lifting their feet close together, and throwing them over the guard-irons), and when seated lay hold of the hand Btrap witn the inner hand, and guard-iron with the outer hand, and sit upright. A^ the word "March," the gunners seated on the ammu- nition-boxes and axletree-seats are to lay hold of the guard- irons with their outward hands, and when going over rough groun(^ they should slightly raise themselves, so as to avoid bein" jolted. "Sit at Base." — Drop the hand-straps, and sit well back, both hands remaining between the thigns. TO DISMOUNT. Officer. Prepare to dismount. Dismount. No. 1. Prepare to dismount. Dismount. " Prepa/re to dismount." Nos. 2 and 3 drop the hand-straps, and place their inward hands on the gun and thei? feet in front of the foot rests ; Nos. 4 and 5, throwing their legs over the guard -irons, turn to the rear, the other Nos. stand up, keeping their outward hands on the guard-irons. "Dismmint." — The whole jump off and form the order of march, but if for action, they go to their posts at the gun. EXERCISE WITH DRAG ROPES. When drag ropes are used Nos. 6 and 7 pass them towards 2 and 3, who hook them to the drag washers of the gun on their own side. The Nos. manning them on their own sidei, No. 9, is in the shafts. 131 TO ADVANCE WITHOUT DRAG ROPES. • Nos. 2 and 3, between muzzle and wheel nn.li ^^ ^h^ axletree boxes, 4 and 6 man the gun wSs ^6 In^^V ^ «plmter bar, 8 and 9 assist at the poi^te of theXf^ ^ ^' CHANGE OF POSITION OF DETACHMENTS TO FORM THE ORDER OF MARCH FROM DETACHMENT FRONT. Officer. Form the order of march. No. 1. Hi^ht turn, DouUe march. ''Right turn, Double ii/arc/i."— No 1 turns wifh fl,. ^ 10 FORM THE ORDER OF MARCH FROM DETACHMENT REAR RIGHT OR LEFT. ' Officer. ^^ J Form the order of march. Left turn, Double march. When the detachments are in rear, or on thp riahf ^h^.. wheni'thifpVt. "^^ *' """ ™"'^- ^** number halta TO CHANGE FROM FRONT TO REAR. Officer. jy^^ J Dei 2chmsnt rear. Eight tu^Joubk march. Bear turn. Wk« ^u ^ X ^ %A^ ty^rn. Half, Front. rp*r \ -"^^i^^^^^^^^^^^^l^a^ofthegun it turns to the rear ; whenm Imp wifii fi,^ „,•*: r.P^ . "-"^"s •'t* me it turns fo ih^ ^7,i,f""^"j'"\ F^f^""" til - ueiaciiement rear " iU fronts. ^ ' ^""^ ""^^'^ '^ ''*^ ^^ ^^^ «^«^'^^1« it h^lta I 'IHk' 132 TO CHANQE FROM REAR TO FRONT. Officer. Detachment front. No. 1. Right turn, Double march. Front turn. Left turn, Fait, Front. When the detachment is clear of the gun it turns to it» front, when in line with the position of " Detachment front" it turns to its left, and when in front of the leading horses It halts and fronts. TO CHANGE FROM REAR TO RIGHT OR LEFT. Officer. Detachment, right (left). No. I. Bight (left) turn. Double march. Front turn. Halt. The detachment turns to its front when one yard clear of the gun wheel, and halts when in line with the axletree. TO FORM DETACHMENT RE. R FROM THE ORDER 01 'MARCH. Officer. Detachment rear. No. 1. Ei^jht about turn, Double march. Halt, Front. Nos. 2 and 3 close to the centre, and wheel to their left marking time when opposite the off wheel and two yards from It, as soon as the detachment has closed ud it is hs^^0A and turned to the front. ^ 133 •F MARCH. TO FORM DETACHMENT FRONT FROM THE ORDER OF MARCH. Officer. Detachment front. No.l Double marhhf Halt Front. No. 1 doubles out two yards in front of the near shaft, turns to hia right, and gives the orders " Double march.'' Noa. 8 and 9, followed by the other Nos., double out. As soon as 8 IS clear of the shafts he incUnes towards 9. When 8 and 9 arrive in Hne with No. 1 they wheel to their left and mark time. When the detachement is closed up, No. 1 gives, " Halt Front;' turning himself to the front at the same time. TO CHANGE ROUNDS WHEN THE GUN IS LIMBERED UP. The detachment being at the "order of March " in chang- ng rounds, ° No. 2 becomes No. 4. tt it n t( (I u (( 4 6 8 1 9 7 6 3 To Unlimber. (( It u « (( it « « (t u tl 6. 8. 1. 9. 7. 6. 3. 2. Officer. Action, Front. " (Right.) " (Hear.) K No. 1. Action^ Front. (Right.) (Left.) (Rear.) it it 134 trail*' 'frnrtT.Vl7^,°-? ""^'y" ^ob. I. 4, .rd 6 lift th» xrau , 1 and 6 at the trail eve 4 on flip tirrTif f i o j « "Lvmh^Vrive o« '■ the Umber n.0^8 for*«" a vard Te^ ■.T^^tA''^ ';!^',^^;.-'"" ^ carded ,"J,fi t?- ciicle to the left 1 and 4 shifting rounr] the trail as soon as mnnueis tiien place themselves as det^ed for "Action " r^\v^o;rrtrCh^ei?^«^* '*^' »^ haitsr^sij '^cjion rear "—The gun is unlimbered bv the same No« -i as m "Actiori front," bSt the trail is uot th7o^ rZd ih^ ' le^e^s'esTu: ri^^^^^ ?? T^' ^"^^^^« *« ^^« 1^^'' "^ then coreS the .nn^ 't^ '^ ^^^*' ten yards from the trail eye thrrSr^ lnd^fol« ^^".^'^g^^ ^^^i^es to the left, moves to ^^Ac^lu 1 ^l ^'''''•' ^^^^l " ^ear of the liiber. ^c<»(m n^/i< — Is the same as "Action front " but the trail IS earned round a quarter of a circle only, the Cber driv^ iT^ Xt?on"/)f^'^ ground to its left'^'and r^ersitlS tt'A ,^ he wagon the same as the limber. ^cff'* ^Ti!'' l> 7' ®' ^^^ 9 attend to the nearThaft V «f .^ ''^^"l *^/ ^^^^^'> ^ a* t^^ Point of the the libber. ' ^''"'* '^ ^^" ^^ ^^^^*' ^^^ 6 in rear of ^.hl^''} '^ responsible for the correct dressing of his cun when It comes mto action. ^ ^ When ft gun is limbered nn thA « a.^4» :. <„ xv. ^._- .. horses- iroaiiK. or DointK of n..iBh^I -•'-",'= ^'l mc uirsciion OI iiie direction of the m^uSe of the gnn ' '^^'"'^^^^' ^^ "front " is in the 135 PcsiTioN AJND General DuTiiaj. No. 1 sliips and unships the handspike, stands at the end of It, commands, bores and fixes fuzey when the Bhells are fuzed at the gun and hands them to 3, lays and lifts at the end of the handspike, in running up and back. Nos. 2 and 3 stand outside aud in line with the front of the wheels. No. 2 sponges, rams home, and mms the right wheel. ' JS o. 3 loads, uncaps, or removes safety pin from fuze when m the bore, serves ammunition from axletree boxes, aud mans the left wheel Nos, 4 and 5 stand in line with the breech, outside the wheels. No. 4 supplies 2 with sponge, replaces it on the trail, attends to vent, traverses at the end of the handspike, and mans the nght wheel ^ No. 6 makes ready, fires, and mans the left i No. 6 stands five yards in rear of the left wheel, y supplies 3 with ammunition, hands shell to No. 1 when fuzed at the gun, lifts at the end of the handspike m running up or back when necessary. No. / stands m rear of the ^ff. limber box, sup- phes cartridges and projectiles to 8, bore« and hxes fuzes, when the shells are fuzed at the hmber. No. 8 stands m rear of the near limber box, supphes 6 with ammunition, and assists 7 ..^1?' ^^^tt^'^^is to^the ammunition wagon, and r^s^the gun hmber from it when ncoe^ry. 136 IGenidral Duties with riducbd Nos. 3 No9, No. 1 comminds, attends to vont lnv« ««v fire. , 2 «p„„,. .„d „^i.„^» ^3 liaKtrv/^tf.^' """^ 4 JVo,, fir^ ■ 2^— Mr.t Indl^'Vet^ "^■[r-'^- ->» phes himself with ammunitron from 4 4 ^tan^t *"'' ""»'; the hmber and supplier ammunidnn ' """^' "" '^' ^^ 6 No,. Alr^^l'i^JiY'i,l ^Po^gOB and rams home, 3 tends to vent, travers^ Lri '"!i""""«»n ftom 5 ; 4 at- rearof theliACS4t^;i«^f„fi-^ 5 stands in lo.ds°anVsr;Simst&!r"^?f- ""^ ™"« '«>"'«! 3 to vent and t?ave« " Tmakes ;Sr' '"S « "■" « • ^"^'"^^^ IimWaid1Slf/a^'tr''^^'r, ""^ ^o. at the gun 18 fired. ' ^ "* '^'^ "^ "^e left wheel tiU the 137 7 Not. No. 7 8ui)plie8 ammunition to 6. The other Nos. as Officer. Action. ACTION. I ) No. 1. Action. The gun bein^ unlimbered at the word :- thatlwunTnd -its fitlfn '^' ^^^^^V^^^ Batisfies himself that the CTn'd ve^'t aS^l^ " ^^^' "^^^^"« ^^^-' ^^ remains fSg tt'tuf ^itHr *'^ ^^^f^^ ^? ^' -^ ^^nd, sloping^t^45f rf /h^^a^C^^^^^^^^^^^^ No. 3 turns to his right. ;«o.'6 remams^steady. No. 7 prepares' to issue ammunition. •w 0. a assists 7. J^nge— Yards. IVith^-Load. LOAD. I No. 1. With— Load. «:k^^ oC?r.r«„^.etr"?^^^^^^^^^ si 138 fired to 6 and 7, and when time fuzes «re nao^ >■« ^.-.i, bores and fixes them himself, or instructs 7 to 1o»„h' •djusts the scales of elevation and deflection «^^,o ^ the gun is loaded, h.ys it as laid do^ ^ f p^ A Tthe Jherfis fuzed at the gun he receives it froK, 'and haud^ U t.^*°'J ^^^ "■?,■ "^'^I"® P*«8 'o the right with the riirht foot, then an obhque pace to the left ^th M= lift ti ^ side pace of thirty inches to L rieht T. fW I' "'''S.'' sponge head into W bore, IfrMf left Ld K under l' bore"&t"f *T "S'" 'L''^*' ^''"^ ae W up ft^ over onT: S .1™f'''-V'g>e kft knee ^d VeXg' •Ij o^-ft- ?Sv ' J"*" "g*™ bending over the left tnef tHhe h^T?^^*^** sponge, and with the left hand close «pped the fuze or removed the sa^S/p^ aVtrfe "?; rammer head, brings his hands to the spo^e S and w5»t. *A"''!!T rT » o"* mot.-on,'il^?^„rS the we^ht of h« body both arms extended as far as poliTHe so as to keep his body clear of the ruzzle* 'Hie Se t lAtCZtrr'^'i with .smuchforceas3le" i/irecuy tlie Charge 18 home he springs the rammer bv ierk S. r> ^f ^r'i^' l"^^' an/aUo^wing the s^a^e tolnde" wim ine light hand, and at the rammer head With the left bothj^nees straight, and teps back outside thTwheel, fiiS ...!_^®™"^£ on the rammer flufih wffii fh* r««.»i« ^ . .._ .. 139 with his right foot, then with his left, and brings the right ri!!v?fl ?(^ '}^ ^'i°?' the sponge stave to the slope, lad the left hand to the aide in the first motion of stepping back and remains facing the gun. ^ * No. 3 slews his body to his right, and brings his hands to- gether to receive the ammunition from 6, the cartridge in his right the projectUe in his left hand, backs of bothhandi down. As soon as the sponge is withdrawn he steps up to the muzzle, and puts in the ammunition, taking care that the choked end of the cartridge is next the projectile and that the sewn does not come under the vent ; he ^len steps back to his former position. If firing shell he uncaps the Tuze or removes the safety pin when the shell is in the bore. When ahaUs are fuzed at the gaa he receives them from No 1 No. 4 steps in, turns to his right, and places his left thumb «i the vent, keeping his elbow raised, and his fingers on the left side of the gun when 2 has sprung the rammer, places himself at once at the end of the handspike, and stands ready to traverse. ^ No. 6 prepares a tube. No. 6 doubles back and gets a round of ammunition from », taking the projectUe in his right and the cartridge in his llj.^t\' ^f ''^ \''-^^ t^^^' ^P' ^^«^^ «^, V^^ '^""^ numbers move the gun. At -«»«, each number returns to hia place. TO UNLOAD. Officer. iVo. 1. Unload. At drill as soon as^the gun is fired No i ^v^. « rr ; j » • Nos. 2 and 3 man the wheels ^ ^""^^ ^'^^'''^• falls' oul: ^' '""^ '''^'' '^' "^ ^"*^ *^« d"U ammunition No. 9 takes back the ammunition to the limber TO CEASE FIRING. Officer. Cease firing. No. 1. Cease firing. No. it™rt*&:^:r """ " *■ «°* '-- '» »- "g^t. pocket. ' ^""^ ^^f^^^^^« the lanyard in the tube No. 6 gives his ammunition to «. ar.rl f«n. ■:,..^ i.--- ^ . xvo. 7 replaces ammunition ; if sheil^ live W ^l^elSSS 142 -^'/o7dX'eTas'X'Sat^ *^^^«^-lt gentljr to' the Vound No^'o Tnd ^° *<= 'l^' »■"! 1»^« nece^ry assisted by 6 and 7 A, 1"? ^ "^ "^« *''''««l8. if Nos. 2 and 3 set under Vol;, T. °" *', *" "^il is round yheels; 4 and'a between th^Llr'". 'H "»"'=''« a^-i S front of 2 and 3 ; 1 i^ frontnf / l*°i T'"^^'^ ' 6 and 7T to the adetree. The liml^f ^ ' ""^ "'■'o'" ^'i^ their back, 8I^ftthetr8iibytheh8ndle3"2 1 Halt hmher up," 4 and ^n the trail i on tKofe'.l'A®^?.^'^!??.'' »'"' ^^heels. """« Dne Order of march. ' "'■''' """ '"^aeUchmont 14a h„t^'!1*T*^"^-"~'^*'« No'- P"^"™ the same duties When the limber is square they proceed as before. ' «XtdLC~t\^%^^?-P^^^^ themselves as for /ron* *»WM>er«^^, and carry the trail a quarter circle to the left.* SECTION 6. Mounting and Dismounting Field Ordnance TO DISMOUNT GUN AND CARRIAGE. Officer, I jy^^ j^ Prepare to dismount gun and carriage. Dismount the gun. Dismount the carriage. Prepare to dismount gun. Dismmint the gun. Lower the trail. Run hack. Lower the gun. Dismount ths carriage. LiH. Prepare to dismount nun and carrinnp " XT/, i or turns down and secum the elevS'; ~w t J ZTZ'^ pe^g, round the breech screw, [nd 3 remold' tllto^f; 144 and 3 man the Aeels ffrwanr / HW? ''■^" *^^ ^^ ; ^ WTlPTl fl,« ^ 1 , . X- 1 " M run a few inches to the rear v«ixxage f- S^^^^ll^^^,|?\?^ ^^ is disengaged ^^nd the men should be J^i^^ f'^,\^^ ^ ^^ch increVedT .. r /^^^™ge is run back by 1^17 ot 'a^^ H ^^^ Nos. on th.lr own sides outside t?! '' "^^^^"^ ^y ^^ the Wered by the Nos. walkbttrwar/S t^^ ^^^ ^"^ ^ Witlii3. L. gunG No. 1 holds thp iJ^ * **^ *^® drag rope It bemg iz^jlred by the fall of a g^n '' '"' ^^^^ *« P^^^^^^t So soon as the gun is lowered «n fi, xt their own sides, No. 1 TcSl thl K^ ^r,*''* *^^« P^^t on bemg nearest to the muzzle ^ ' ^'^'"^' ^^^ ^^nd 3 carriage, 2 and 3 in front with M T 1 * ^' ^""^ ^ ^^t the by tie detachmen? ' ^"^"^ been previoudy remo^ be y^ZvT""^'*" ^'-'='^»- on .•,.. «,e.tree boxes au,i 145 TO MOUNT GUN AND CARRIAGE. Offi.cer. Mount gun and carriage. No. 1. Mount the carriage. Lift. prepare to mou7it the gun Hun the carriage up Raise the trail. Lower the trail. ceptions :~ ^ ""^ *^^ g^"> with the foUowing ex- spike under the gun beWnd tLTln ^ ^""^ ^^^^"^ » ^^nd- 2, 3, 4, and C ; ^ and 7 then iL "Ji"^"^' *^ ^^ ^^^-^^d by under the breech to Xinan?.p/i'« *^^ ^'^'^1« handspike of the Nos. facing tL muzzl ^I'/f^ drag rope placed on^ the caSlphvf^^'i'^'^^^ .^««- "^^n a mg, a turn being taken r?undtb^^ T\^^ ^ ^^ dismount- of the rope, the running ends conWnf^^^^^^^ ^^*^ ^^^^^ ««d ment lifts with the hLdsplkT^^^^^^^^^ the detach- tageously haul on the rope ^^ ^"^ '"^^^ ^dvan- With guns under 9 cwL Nos 2 i 4 „ ;, . v, spike under the gun, and No 1 ff ?i. V"^,^ ^^«^ a* a hand- haul on the ropef pCd^^io^^^^^ ^' «>.^-d 9 pendicular Nos. 1,>, 8, and 9 ste^'dy ft. ' ^""'^ ^' P'^" - 146 lO REPLACE A I,AMAaiU> WHEEL^bV FWOBU* OB BEDUOED Officer. Itight gun wheel disabled. {Left) " « iVb. 1. <( -%^« flfwn ti^Wi disabled. {Left) « « ^'co^A erch N*'"/"'^'' H*"' I'^"'? ">" ^''<^<-'l »» liic waj^jjon percn. JNo. 2 replaces drae shoe if ^^QMl . i ««^ The Nos. then faU into their places. TO REPLACE A DAMAGED WHEEL. Officer. Bight gun wheel disabled. (Left) " « iVo. 1. Bi^ht gun wheel disabled. {Left) « « ''Right gun wheel disabled.''— ^o. 1 removes fhp lir..!, ^- U„* l!!°i?','i""S?°".'"l'>»trfde-. No. SdoulJemat WkVtoVS"(:heg„„'."' *''"*i'"«=« ti'e'nselves with their 148 to assist m liftinr' if. nn \r . « -„ nun, ,,. ..?aay axle-tree box ^ ' "^- "^ ^^ ^ next to With guns above 9 cwt. a drag rope hmuaht nn l,- v„ <> rn'ot'yittoir *'* ""'^' '-''-^ * "" 4 of " c a —1- jcl. IX J49 may l,e>.t o'n the lL.W t a „"veS '^iT'T^l'h'' exckng[ng it ; and should i te „ecc.^a" toTot'ir ^" W « 'I-"* distance, the wheel may be fockedvH^t,, %"*''' Cham, the aound part on the ground! ''™« TO JSICHANQE THE OUN AND LIMBER WHEBW. ^' Jtc/re'tL^.'i?;r:,^-t z: r rr /' come from he cun, and aasiat it, ^/fH-,' X r' 'b "*' *"^ ^ g^e^^; ta^l^l' -^^' --e".' att t; V^^ ofT;?gSnf"'' "^ """"'"^ '" «'<' »•»« "'»nner a, those TO emPT BUAPTS PHOM DOUBLE TO 8WGLL DBAPcM. Shift the shajtsfrom double to single draught. No. 1. Shifi the shafts from rlouhh to single draught. near sh,ft Lo tu\u loop ."hrbolHltpr: 'uf '* '"<' No. 7 keys ui> the ih.ffTndTh fnl nn th! ^^^l^-tree am. ci he Nos. resume thefr pkces! No retu hammer 160 TO SHIFT SHArre PROM SINGLE TO DOUBLE DRAUGHT. This IB the convorBe of the above. TO PUT ON THE DRAG SHOE. uh^' * f'H ^'^*:*''^' ^''^' ^ *"^ 4 «^ 3 and 6 unhook the Hhoe and hrow it as much as poBsiWe under the wheel • and 2 or 3 bucklcH the strap round a felloe. ' A wagun wheel ia locked in a bimilai manner by Nos. 8and9. To unlock the wheels, the strap is unbuckled, No8 4 6 or 9, with a hammer, knock down the top keepers the clmm runs out, and the wheel pa^seB over t^he shSe ' ThS oneration must Uke place just tefore arriving at the bottom of the descent. The shoe is picked up by No 2, 3 or 9 and hung on the hook by the rin^^ on the LL oittV/n^^eor rear c»t the wagon. ^ SECTION 7. To Move Disabled Ordnance. C4UN WITHOUT A WAGON ; CARRIAGE DISABLED. Officer. j^o, I CuiTiar/e disabled. Dismount the gun. Sling the gun. Dismount the carriage. Prepare to lift the carriage. Place tJie wheels and lash u ^jf^^'J'^ f^ gmJ'-AH before detailed. khng the gun.''— Tho horses must be taken out Th. limber .3 run over the eun ro tl,ot i^.l\ ja^^en out. Ihe ronf.rlv nut vu, anu mat tne carriages are properiy equipped; (tien'ctoso 157 the ranks,) " Eeturn Swords,'' and " Sii «««,;" and renort tn TELLING OFF AND PROVING. A Battery. div'SfonsSl W^^ "P' ^ *^'' ^^ '^ BubdiviBigns and -^^^^5^ .2/?w»- subdivisions from the right. The Nos 1 number the subdmsipns The battery is then told off! 1 and 2 7et^A< division. 3 and 4 Xe^. 1 and 3 Right subdivisions of Divisions. 2 and 4 Left 2 and •? o'thtX'tre^:) ^''-''^^^-^^^^^ofd^^ion'Z^ nr^^t ^^A-l '' i*^''"" P/''''^? ^y ^^^^^"g a subdivision, division or any individual number of the gun detachment. At the wo^d " Pro.;.,'' every man of the named subdivision raisi the ri^ht arm as high as the shoulder, and extends it to he f^^mt keeping It up until another part is ordered to prove When the whole have proved, the word « As you were" Lsg^ven and the right arms are dropped. The word « ^^Y mL^"LXn given, and the rej^ort maSe to the commanTTT^cer either ^i 1 ^^ I'J^T^ ""'^-l '^ ^ Y^'''^ ^'^ *^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^"g^ ri^hffi liif- '?^"'''''; '* T^ ^^ renumbered, in line from nght to left, m column from front to rear. If this is not doT It should c^use no confusion ; all words of com nSid w^^^^ as JNo. 1. Tne muzzles of guns m action being the front the horses' heads when limbered up.* ^ ' ® Spare carriages, v len '..dth the battery, form a third line m rear. Carriages .revering their own subdiviBions Ulhcers must pay particular attention that all motions re- so ha»iditd ** "^^ ^' ''• sliShteet coiigequence to Artillery 158 A Brigade of AifUl&ry m column) will be^onsMered No if 'f"^toe,ui fto^if POSTS OP OFFlOEaa AND MOaNTBB KW-OOWUaHOXBB OFWCERS, &c. Commanding Offiour of'^ffitiTltLtltl^^e '"^ ^^-^^ o^'-* --^ "'^ Major. ^ost^. whoever be ». b-S^t^ndl^ b^e &^ ^' 1 4 i 159 Advance to ord&r. — One horse's length in front. In column of battenes, — As in line. In column of subdivisions or»m^«.— One hoi-se's length on the outer Hank of the centre of the battery. In column o/(^iw*ows.— Three horsey' length from the centre on the outer iiank. In action —lie dresses the guns, assists the major in general superintend en ce.''f ° "«-iax He dresses all points of formation, gives the word Steady wm let7 correctly taken up and the formation Subalterns. , In line limbered up.— In the centre, between their suMivisions m line with the leaders of the guns. Advance to order.— One horse°8 length in front When guns have to go to the rear of the alignment in order to obtain ground to foiin, the subalterns halt on the align- /w coluriin of mbdivisimis or route.— One horse's length on the pivot flanks of the centre of their divisions. In column of divim)ns.— In the centre, between their sub- divisions m hne with the leaders of the guns. In marchine past subaltern oliicers take order one horse's length in front of the centre of their divisions. ^ thlh divfsion^^'^''''^^'"^ ^"^""'^'^ ^"^^^^^ "^ ^^^^* °^ ^^^*^® ^^ In action.— Superintending the guns of their divisions. Adjutant. Inline,lvmberedu]».~Incentieo{the brigade, in line with the leaders of the guns. ^ ' '" ^^When there is an uneven number of batteries, one horse's i 4 ab^^placem.nt is of ^e^f^^^^ ^tg^^;!;^^^^ Jj^- 160 di4" :'7dTlctio„^^ "'"' ^"^^'^ ^-^"g* •" fro"t of the Bub- h^ Tut "'K-"^^^ """-' '-«'•» 0" outer fl^fe „f lea^ng U« V*"" """"' ""'^'^ - '^^o o«twa«l flank of Surgeon and Vetennary-Surgeon. Brigade Sergeant-Major. the subdivision on h^ left! adjutsnt m front of Brigade Quartermaster Sergeant ^::>^^^ "Z:^ ^- -les on left flank, battery. ^"^venng quartermaster-sergeaat of rear Battery Staff Sergeant, lentat;o^ori.Ti?4i:n^-^Ir^« one ho^e'. geant the «„„e in rear of nJ^^ 4 suMi^ion^""'"''"'"'"'-'^'- In column o/batteries.-Aj, in line '^""'• ,■"* quarter column of huterii^ ~rtn fk^ a 1. , -.-, 4 subdivisions, in line^lth X ga?.Vi3 ^''- ' '"^ /w column of mui^. n. ../.^f,. ^^,;. . . I 161 major on the outer flaiik of the leading gun, in hue with tne leaders ; the quartennaster-sergeant one horse's length tn rear of the rear carriage. ** In colvmn of divisions.— The sergeant-major between the guns, m hne with gun axles of the right, the nuartermaster- sergeant between the guns of the left division, loth sergeanta covering the subaltern officers. ^^bt^uw ic Zii'^l^^ waggons are detached, the quartermaster sergeant w with the wagons. He keeps them as much as possible Zl 1 1^' "^^ ^""^^ ^"".V^ acfvantage of ground anrcover, but should never lose sight of his battery, and keep com- munication with it. ^ Artijicers. l^^line, limbered up —The farrier, when mounted one horse's length m rear of No. 2 subdivision, and the shoeing smith m rear of No. 3 subdivision. «"ocing /n coZwmn.~One horse's length on outer flank of No. 2 and 3 subdivisions, m hne with gun axles. The other artificers are told off in the gun detachments. Trumpeters. In line, limbered up.-One with commanding officer, the other one horse's length in rear of No. 3 subdivision. In colwmn.—One with the commanding officer, the other one horse's length on the outer flank of centre of the battery. Nos. 1 Of Field Batteries are always mounted, except when in action, and dunng manoeuvre remain on the left of the lead drivers of their subdivisions, who hold their horses in acti^ bnng them up m limbering with 4 horses-with 6 horseJ this is done by the centre drivers. Mounted Cov&rers Of Field iiatteries, on left of the leade°'r '. -^ >--r out an officer, the senio, Sf'i I w "f- ^ division with- it, and gives ab divSal ,^ ' :'" **' "^'T"" commands words for his own subdX-; '' "»™"'»nd, as well as the remams on the lift ofTfa'^^nleadL'"" ""' '''' ""*' "•" tually li"';[4n"^ithThtw''?'*?™ ^'^^' A""!'! l^W- i^auIiUe S tCLtryTon^tter '- "'"^'^ ^ ''^'«" SECTION 3. Mules for MarJcers. GENERAL. « tioYt/draw^^t^l^^^/^t-? ""ke un points for forma- powerful syste'm of draughf tbc^f ^/^J^i ' ^f ,'""^*' ^"^"^ i« » v.*?; dmught 18 anticipated, jfi in a sn, inT «i„ i '^"^^^ permit ; when such arm can be fastened oii t^« „« ? -^~*'^-^"*^^^" campai;,'n. a ahort ir.?n g-eireo uau up attacjied ; iu action ThrwJ!P'^"*^^\."*V' '<^ wnich a ewiii- tV dntw. holding the .^in« Vhen {hi JSditliSSi''^ ^" their plac«,, mi In takir.up j^oin,,, for fornmtiou in 'l W marker. f«,* major ™U. tiir .wo^ds'^Llfirhn cCtcdr/fX ^hi"f4";'^Ea'CSl."''' «"'-»-«r«*>oth flanks of BATTEBY. ori^ai format, ,n ^ ^**' *" *'''*^ l'<«^"«" ia tie the biTe^fj^l'rou'&r^ from column, the markerof F^rf^-^iriS-'iSF-^^^^^^ No lof thSpivot8u1!dlvl"on * "' ""''^ ""^"g "'« the1^™S!erhrSf' a.er,h" "T^' *'•'' ?"■»' ""-i "f in front oTand fS him th .f ''^'° ?'"' ^<"^''''' '^gf" c^nank of &v^rn;wthte»;ir.n^;^7|: IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k A O ^>. v.. 1.0 L'l^ 1^ Hill U 11.6 I.I 11.25 ^Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. US80 (716)872-4503 '4^ ^>* lu In changing front in line on a flank subdivision, if right, the sergeant-major marks for the right subdii to the , -o *-- — -"X, x.g«, o«i/Ji vision, the quarter-m^ter-sergeant gives the other point. They are dressed by the junior subaltern, who is one horse's length on the left of the sergeant-major. In changing front to the left, the converse is the case. In changing front on a named subdivision, the marker nearest that subdivision marks for it, the other marker eivinc the other point, the junior subaltern one horse's length on the outer flank of the marker of the named sub^ division dressing the points. BRIQADB. The markers employed in brigade movements are the brigade sergeant major, and the sergeant-major of each bat- tery, who are placed and dressed by the adjutant. When the word " Marker " is used in the following movements it refers to the battery sergeant-major. In forming line from column the base is given by the brigade sergeant-major and marker of the battery formed on, who place themselves opposite the Nos. 1 of the flank sub- divisions of the base (the brigade serjjeant-maj or opposite the left, the marker the right). The adjutant places himself on the outer flank of the base (unless he can diess a longer front from the pivot flank), corrects the direction of the base points, and dresses the markers, who mark for the sub- divisions nearest the base, and should arrive at their places on the alignment, about 40 yards in advance of their batteries. In forming column, the marker of the battery on which the formation is to be made places himself on the pivot flank the other markers take their distances from him. The brigade sergeant-major faces the marker of the base battery, the adjutant places himself behind the brigade sergeant-major and corrects tiie covering. In deployments the base is given by the brigade sergeant- major and marker of the battery formed on, wlio are placed at ^he head of the column by the adjutant. In other respects Jhe O j'lf I from column.*' wunii f 1 Ou of Bspecte - illlit " f 165 front from the pivot flank ' ^^ ^^ ^^ ^'^ * longer Its direction, the adjutant marllTi: • ? ^ '"'"'^"^^^ ^^''^nges ^•^ made ; if 'the changes aHitutt^T f F^J^cMmfge major aaeists. sequent, the brigade sergeant- 2>BESaiNG. different point if w/ii i! "® aiessing is to be to n. rrfc^™"-". ^«'ve„.iCh^4 4;ts:^':^. ^: ™ ^uS^^^ ana if to,. f„ ^. advancingin Um, the No l "f Z ."{^- ' '^""'"'- ^«» ml. take up points on which to mJ»r"x? **^ ''''«««»'» their intervals from anHreJnaTv ^' "" ?J'; ' '*king teams, viz., 6 and 4, the lead drivp, n^.^ ?'. ^'* ""^-J-S by the centre driver' of the farmer ^ '"'""' '^"^ '^''^ -urr,(Ttt"rt;L^?rv^^^^^^^^^^ ^^/^r -i-- the commanding officer «& Z5» "1"* »««''»," «nd '^rmtitrp-^r^^heThtt:^^^^ «ank advanceilimTSefedTfan^ ZT&^J^ 166 served from the precerling battery, division, &c. By atten- tion to these two points the echellon when halted will be in a situation to come into action in any direction, or form line either parallel to the line it quitted or oblique to it. In dressing in Hne at brigade drill, commanding officers face the centre of their batteries, with their horses' heads within six inches of the line. Each commanding ollicer gives the word " Eyes Front " as soon as his own battery is properly dressed, and the front of the next has arrived on the luign- ment ; upon this word the commanding officer fronts and moves up to his post, three hoi-ses' leiigth in front ; the marker goes to the rear, and the men look to their front ; but the base invariably remains posted until the whole brigade is formed, and the words "Eyes Front " given by the commandant, ^n resuming their posts commanding officers turn their horses right-about. When the brigade is to be accurately dressed for purpose of larade, the caution is given "By the battery of direction y dressj " the brigade sergeant-major and marker of the battery of direction advance one horse's length in front of the flank subUi visions of the battery, and turn to the right-about, the commanding officer also turns to the right-about ; the brigade seigeant-major and marker then raise their swords to give base, which is corrected by the adjutant ; all markers the^ move out, and turning their hoi-ses to the right-about, take up their dressing from the basg. On the word "Marc/'," the subdivisions move steadily up with eyes to the centre. When the dressing is completed, the commanding officer gives the word Eyes Front ; the whole resume their posts. A single battery is accurately dressed for parade purposes ".n a similar manner. Dressing in line is by the subdivision or battery of direction. In column or double column the left directs, unless other- wise ordered. In succ ^ssive formations of line each commanding officer gives the word Eyes Front as soon as his battery is properly messed, and the next battery has arrived on the alignment ; upon this word the marker falls in, but the base markers in- variably remain posted until the line is formed, and Eyes Front given by the commandant. ■■ 167 ^olZ'^ZTl^^^^ ;^,Jtr -;^.^ other troopMhe cavalry, eitherin line or con^^un ,, 7"*^g"«»« "ifenti^ or quWto come into Ltion m « '''^"°'?- ^^hen it ia^re- Parade purposas, the gun tT^'^ «^'" * «^«te or any other axles are aligned with th^ iTT ^^ ^^^anced until the gun m this case." ZtZf^w arfT'^T'' ^'^^P^^ ^^^ word being action ^ont. Afte^firi^^i atlut^^r^'^'^'ir ^*' marcASf retire left reverse and come ^/n'.^^ ""j^ rear limbei up -th Ues heads on atet^o^f Tn^^iott^^^ ^^^^ SECTION 4. Mancsuvres. front to which the gins pontwhi^-''^^ acknowledges the face when Hmbered up ^ ^^^"^ "" *^^^o"» ^r the horsea givrthVoX^^??))^^^^^^ officer placed on hook of siord belf wfi tT-"^^'' ^^^ Shoves are button-holes, the swm-d^ *ri Iv , ^ '' P*^«<^ through both re^ns from left to 'St hLd ?J"?^^.^^ foUows f change the top ring, pass M t from ^n^,"l^ «^ '^^ «cabbaid It ^^^r'^'^oUhesca^J^^JZ''^ *^r*" ^°der both hoole/edge to the r^7 th^ !t* l?"^/? ' ^^^ s^ord is then under the ^aist belt beSnd the rl"."^ r^""* 5^^ «P^a^ rems are shifted from r^ghttnT/',?^ *^^ drawn tight ; regulated with referenrto "tLT^Tv' »"^ *<>»M be ever, not advisable to Vn the tl J?' ^"^S^'. I' '^•'"w- walkmg a few paces first Th^ i V'"," *« J""!' wi^out therefore be. tn.„^. "._'•. ./,'"' w<"^ of command shnnM Wlen it is r^^ire^dther ?o"r™m"» ' " f "*' ^^«*-" commands wul be given rfterScA. '*' *"'" '°^'^ "' 168 In all formations of either line or column, at any pace ex- ceeding a walk, the word fValk is invariably to precede by a few seconds the words Halt— Dress. If a formation is ordered when a battery is moving at the walk, that pace will be preserved by the " base " body, while the pace of each portion of the remainder will be increased or diminished as may be necessary, until the formation is com- pleted ; but if moving at the trot, and the formation is at the head of the column the pace of the "base " body will be diniinished to the walk until the formation is completed, wlien the trot will be resumed. Should a brigade or battery be moving when a formation 18 ordered, the "base " body will advance its own depth and halt ; if forming line to the front from column, the rear of the column completes the formation by an oblique move- ment. If the caution " On the Move " is given the base body continues to move on at the original pace, while that of each portion of the remainder will be increased, or diminished, as may be necessary until the formation is completed ; except when the formation is on the head of the column, when it will walk. Artillery can be wheeled about on its own ground as far as frontage is concerned, but when acting with other troops, sufficient interval should be allowed on each flank to enable the subdivisions to wheel outwards if required. As a general rule when carriages reverse they do so to the left. For review or parade purposes it is more convenient for artillery to remain in the rear of any intended alignment until the other troops are finally formed, unless ordered to the front to cover the formation. In manoeuvres they should always cover the formations, generally having to go to the flank or front to do so. Although the admixture of guns of different batteries may be unavoidable on service, it is most desirable at drill that the battery as a unit should not be broken up. When it is not necessary the subalterns' divisional unit should never be broken up. ^ii formations of line from column, or column from line, are made at full intervals unless^ otherwise ordered, without 169 fcnre^L"""'"'" "■« »««e'yor brigade WM.tf„Il„, f^^^louTt^^ttTytZ'^''^' f ^"^' ""^^ the be .Me, by the eye an/the ^M!"" f """"""Pyt M* orde. to poi^t „„t the beat X:iiZ'tS:''^Z't^'^C. CABRYING GUN DETACHMENTS. eir?umsS"'^^ ^'^"^^ ^^ "^^-ted under the following h' wJ?^"^ ™PH movements are intended carried on the axleS b„«s andTi""^' *r """ «*" »>« and two on the off horses aa\1^ V * 2? "•« «["•' limber, are horsed they should m!t » J '''""\- ^»'«° ^Tien wagons follow their mLemer:t SKf''f «""'' ''"' »S mile, under the senior sej^eanr * ^''""" * I""'" "f a .ta^c-s'^arinii^i^^^'irtrb -^ "^ - -- »» squally borne in mSd it is oT !«?•'*''' ^' '' *<»'M Kunnere working the guns shonM ?. T ""P^rtance that the n- ** ll^'^'We. ^ ''* "^ ''rought into action as gunneSX'^fdXay^'n.'lS^h o'^i^^j,"""' anticipated, the 170 LINE. From line all fonnation of column will be in the rear of I l^f^M If ^"""y' or part of a battery, if the fonnation i8 on a central battery or part of a battery, those on the riRht will form immediately m rear- of the base, and then those on the CHANGE FRONT. When a line is ordered to change front to a flank bv growing a flank forward, such change is nsnally made on the flank subdivision, division or battely, which immediatelv cW^ front m the required direction andgiv^ t~e. ^^^ When a change of front is made by thro^ng a flank back he%^e?b.H'^ °^ ^"^^y changes^ront b/ tS^g up,' a suffi^en^rJ^f "" *'1 reveijed by subdivisions, conducted t^o a suthcient distance beyond the new aUgnment. acain re versed, and move up into line. »"K""*eni;, again re- A change of front may be made on anybatterv, the named battery changing fpftnt. on ifc fl«,,i, 1 """"^yj^iue named be made on iny gun oYany baUery.""" ' " '"'" ""^^ "^^^ i i 171 A brigade or battery in line m«,r »a becommg a column ; Zy^u^^aiV^l^ ^ ^'aypa«« obstacles or b^keu 1^ ^",^ HV^hi-^ f«in^ fl«nk. part of^hem, iSa S>;^ l'''"^,eM''''^"8 '»'^"'«S »' "y the former front, and paiXlI:'^ ^ ™.? *° ^ ""ique ti g«-n ground to a ftank S?Se^„.ovinTt ^i^^T ^^ *« "^«d «" fnees and interval Aould be ^ ?u^lly ptei^"^- ^he dia- CHAKOE OF FRONT OR POSITIOK. ma^bofSvlL^rdiv.PiirofLr-'' "^.^^ -''<''»" front or rear, which are wS ?,,,?!''"*'•,«"'""• '<' the the base, towanie the new front »„^. ""^'^ "«'' ' 'or their inwanl flanks : onapprMchin^ .h'? conaucted to u by " completed and the line ??S ^^ theirpositions the wheel •re Z^'ile? in t: tV"?- '<""•"' """»«»" »<> another echelon of batteri,^' o^r tieS t^'l'^t"' ^^ '•■« "^Ce dmsions or subdivisions. In cO.^'^f'*"*^ column/ of echelon, the batteries or the5niSS^^°/,r»T ^ »•>%"• the intended change, then mowT,Ti ' "^'^ *■■« amount of the W .„..•_ - ■ let the reZh-ed d iV'-'". P^f ""'■' «•■«"•« aationisTm"lttei."'?.±,"!-«p- me Dase again wheels the renrnv«/i a "~" r""**-*"!!, wnei -nt, and *e formationTcr^lltterus'u'S-;^ COLUMN. xtjinaflu 172 ^ column, if the command is "Form Line" the line is formed on the left of the head of the column. If it is intended to form the hne on the right «)f the head of the column the com- niand i.«On «^ BigKt- Farm Line. If the line is to be formed on both flanks the portion which is to form on the nght 18 tl U immediately m rear of the head of the column. IJeployments aresiinilaily made from quarter columns and on the head of the column to either or both Hanks. i?orming line from any position should be practised, for example, when the head of a column of divisions or subdi- visions, has wheeled to the right, or left, to form line to the front or a flank before the rear divisions have entered the new du-ection The word of command for the rear division ?n?«^^'r ^^? P^'''''^'' ^^'7 "'*y ^« ^^ *<- t^e time the word to /om hne is given, and must be regulated accordingly. Changes of direction m a quarter column must alwals be ^mply " * "^ ^'^""^ ^"^ """"^^^ '^^ '^ gradually to Distant positions, where circumstances will allow, are taken up by the march of the column, for this purpose the whole line wheels to the hand ordered, Ly batteriL^rif^Ut! tenes, or divisions, and moves ofl^in a general coluikn which may also advance from the right, left or centre ofTh^ on^iiS ACTION. It is advisable at drill occasionally to take up fiehtinff positions for instruction, the order being so given i« t!J!: 7^^ '?!, ''''™'"^ '°i? *^''""' *^« ^»°g« anil projectile W^^A^/i?%'^'""r^'"^ ^^'"'' ^^g^*^^'" ^ith the flank w*S Jl«t ^? "" to commence-generally from the lee- ward flank-an mterval being allowed to elapse after firing t^ina ^1?' «^ffi^^^\V^ «^«^e the effect and alter thf laying. This rule must be continued with the other cuns , Guns are brought as rapidly into aclion as possible the invemon of the order in w5iich they stand on pS, o^ he exact preservation of the interval or dressing, are ma tera of little importance when taking ut> « fia>,Hn« f.Lui^^ ^ Ihe nature of the ground governs the position of guns, . ^ to J 173 ^^^PZilaX^^'r^^l^t ^konor .ny covor which "i^l/iom too far t(ril?rc«r '""^' "" without »end- direc,:drtheX't "of^C oTlho ""-H 'l ''"''«?■«% .being judpcl or tF^lo thauwl' "''J'"i'' "'e ^i^tan" e ""I "elect . .uitabkriteforthe uftte^^t'n''^"'''•"'^" f"'*"^ A column exrecting to ^^Z!Ei """^ ^"'° »«'i»n- course, march with no fre^ter W SI "'V.? ?*"'' *"1. of When a battcrv in lin. i.^L i . " ""W'visions. not to be loadS un "Ahe w^l^..'?' ^n!"?' ""> ««»" "e commanding officer who »in . <• •^?"'' " e^^en by the tion to be used -fhU mT* iS'T'^..""' "«ture\,f ammuni- cers, and instantly take^un b^ C^^F 'l'^\^ "^^ «>« offi- .ftf if raster„tffljS"t%Tb" ^'''"'' '»""«' ""t of the front. "*oered, the liniber reversed, and clear ihZ'n, - W^t-l^S'r "wth">r' ''"^^ " o^l-ed, into action in the W d" Hon It "^^"^1^""^"' "o'ne, move at the word "March' wS »' once ; the other guns the change of front i^ w 1 . " *^ K^o"""! "xlmits and next thelivotXa^^ern^Xta'^r"'''-''^''^' 'h« «"- theTt &rdWJVrjT''''='r' •- ---^on. to the contran-) TW ^r,*^ • V"°^*^ (""^e«« directed a certain number of rounds fh^fit- J^ ordered to fire from the right or left of Series f""^,.«^«»W co,omence regular and continued fii will thn, tT'^^^^'S to the wind ; a .The guns will remain i«i!::-?.^.".°^.^^»'^^"ed. 8jveii. Independent firing" irn7vL"r'\" ^'"^^ ^^^^9 " is bknk ammunition. ^ ^ ''^'^^'^ *« ^^ employed with mmmmmmmJSSiSSSSSSt^ 174 be firod off, but the detachmeiitH will await further orden, h. Ltl'^T !^ '^'''^ """^^''^^ ^11 g»n« then leaded are to up when lll'ed ""^ "" "^"""^ ^^ " «"" '''' '" ^^ ^^^«^-« ^^'^"^» *^^ ^he range at first .hou Id be habitually under-e..tiinated, as it is more eLy to correct the range when shot strike in front of the object fiUat tlS^be! yond It. Indejiendent fire should not be employed untU the range IS supposed to be thoroughly ascertained, and then only out habitually at drill so as to accustom men to the require- won H hi T'' *"1 1""^*''."^ '^^"^^ ^« ^'^'^^^^ in P^ace that wu ""possible or disastrous in war. intnTf? K"n« are in heavy ground they should be brought into action m the requu-ed direction by the word Action iLr so as to save the gunners unnecessary hibor ; for a similar reason they should be limbered up to tL rear To keep guns concealed as much as possible in such posi- and the detachments dismounted under cover. Nos 1 under instructions from their officers, advancing on foot, mik the exact posi tion for their guns. When this has been done each gun should be moved to the spot indicated 1 ., 175 SECTION 5. I ^n<^LD BATTEHIES. Insfcction or Review. FORMATION OP THE BATTFRV wr^n « ^ ^^^^=«^ ^OR PARADE MOVEMENTS. mertM^n^I^.^ '^"^^ ^^-> li'nbered up, the detach- ^ The officers at order vit tv^ i. i* ui front of the centre 'of t'Ljr j^^hif^^^^ horse's length «'ntre, in line with the subilternV^''^' ""' ^HHiS i" 'I"' ^^auaf in the centre one h„„e-a length in front of the the ri^gf^rfa^Ss: 's^::2i ,vr >-«•>'» »„ the guns. '^'"°» ^'^ ^ne with the lead horsea of offil^^"=" 0- "»-'« >ongth on the right „f the staff ^^f^^^ ^r^^:t^i^j !::^!^. » rear of No. , the famer n rear of iwr^^iw*^ *"' "» ''ear of No 4 • mr of No. 3 ^bdirirons'; hes^reT "^"t^ '"''h « "ubdinsions in line with the atifT .»? ^'"'^ between the of the f^eant-majo^ covering Nof^"'' •' *''« ^"'^^ in rear comma^ding'offiee?. he""Liv:^ he wo!:,' 40 yard, fr„„, ,he the commanding officer. Seers Li "^"B ''"^en from missioned oHicera draw sworis th. « counted non-com- U >J"^"°"' "• *« «'So '" "omingdown, at ^e^tJ^cri!r|Vcet:s^a»^^^^^ '» *- -^ 176 Should the inspecting officer be under the rank of briga- dier-general, he will \)e received with " Eyes Gentre, Draw Sworas,'^ the officers will not salute. The commanding officer accompanies the inspecting officer while he makes his inspection. As soon as the inspection has been made the commanding officer gives the word " Slope Swords" Subalterns remain at order. MARCHING PAST. A Battery to march fast in Line at Close Interval. At the caution to ^^ march past," the captain marks the passing line by placing points as follows : Dr —30— J C '— 40 - -; O '— 40 — ; B :-12 :-E t— 30— ^ A Passing line, Parade line. One of the gunners (the highe ?t number) of No. 2 sub- division at point B, 40 yards on the right of the centre, facing the battery, and on a line about four yards in advance of that upon which the inspecting officer is supposed to place himself. The highest number of No. 3 suMivision places himself at C, 40 yards on the left of the centre, dressmg b^ B, the captain posts himself at E, 12 yards beyond, until C is correctly dressed ; two gunners (the highest numbers) of No. 1 and 4 subdivisions move out to A and D, each outnanking the batteiy by about 30 yards, and dress by the points B ana C. The captain proceeds to point A to superintend the covering. The major gives the command " The Battery will march past at close interval" ^^ Eight take ground" " Walky^ ^' March." At the word " March," the staff fall out, and do not again fall in with the bpttery, but must remain on the ground until the cuuciusiori of uie review ; the trumpeters taKepost for manoeuvi'e. 177 "rives at the pointAlbentCt'Z'^^'^ "^ *e ,oGn ^ound," "Chi »»«e^«f on I^?u«'rj^f,T=«'■ ™Mi- »]' to close interval at an Seatld^I.eTl? ^'v^'f ""d "uove post one horse's length in front nfii^T' ''"'■■"iW'erns taking aulLtr^-^-^-ntr^orife^^^^^ of&trTo?tetnlt!?^?"^3*Vr'>r^ " ^-' n.||;:r,trirort^^nte-^N°- ^ and the mounted shopincr^r^SfV • vainer m rear of No 2 the senior trumpett S C ^^leS"' ''°;.'* -division'; of, and dressing with lead hn^l f.?* "" *•■« ""ter flank on arrival uf tlfe batt ^at the poLt R?' T' ^Z^"'' ^^ g°4 lu rear, in line with tV IZislm^XT^''' Unrnpete^ between the subdivisions of the^ltw ' '^f 'Pf ''"'•^''s belong, in Une with thp >,Mff divisions to which they Jiardspa^ttheinspectiiSSi thesuM, H,'*"'-<1 i at 10 Wj. ' their swords, 1X1^^1.,^';^',^"™"-" ""d the right; when the rear oT the wf T° '•'<"'<«<=er on «enior s:vS'te™.';,*t"°r?."«'^^ «'«-'««" ^ «iven bv t.„ I'Mps, and the senSr trumpeter fallfll.'^ ""'"^ "^'t their At the point D the 4"litt^h°e"»;2^''^;;;}:2- 178 ^ also at the fourth wheeling point, and the battery is moved round to the point B. RANKING PAST. i By Single File. The battery being halted four horses' lengths short of the point B, on the command, " The Battery will rank j^ast, hy Single File" the captain, or, in his absence, the sergeant- major, places himself on the I'ij^ht flan k of the battery, and turns to his left to superintend the ranking off ; the Nos. 1 move out three horses' lengths in front of their guns, the coverers half a horse's length in rear of them. When there are no coverers Nos. 1 move out one horse's length. J The trumpeters place themselves in single file in front of the No. 1 of No. 1 subdivision ; the subalterns in front of the trumpeters, the major in front of the subalterns. The distance from nose to croup is half a horse's length. The major then gives the word" Garry Swords" "Eyes Bighty" " Advance by single file from the Bight," " Walk," "March." At the word "March" they move off. No. 1 of No. 1 subdivision followed by his coverer, the remainder turn to theii' right, move up to the passing line, turn to their left in succession, and cover from the front, each No. 1 followed by his coverer. The guns move off from the right, then the wagons and spare carriages, in succession. Four yard s is kept between each carriage on the ]ias8ing line, 'all covering from the front. The drivers salute without any word of command at the point B. The shoeing smith, farrier, (juartermaster-sergeant, ser- /geant-major and captain, rank past in rear of the rear car- \riages. The officers salute in succession when within lO/yards of the inspecting officer. The major after passing the inspecting officer places niniself on his right, as before. At the point C the drivers throw back their whips. At D, the senior 179 TROTTING PAST. He fells out mbelfe Attl,. "^K ^"^*'" "%«» 4a< " given by the senitsubalt'^'P""' ^' ^'^* «W' is full intStir'Jl^/" .^f-f"™^-! »PP<'«ite the saluting point at Spare horses and carriages do not trot past. SWOBD BXER0I8E. length in front of the off leXr/n??i?^^ .^"^ ^^rse's major one horse's lenM^il^ ■ u^^'I ^"^' '' **»« sergeant- ter-sergeant one hoS lelS^ «ght of and the quarteimas- with the No8. 1 and covererf "'" ^'^' '^' ""^ ^^^"S the .t! r^rt^^ht^^r^^^^ A!,*^^--^ "^-'^" centre by wheeling inwards those nf^^'^^'^'^'Sii^ *« *^« l^rmiug up, toJ)r8esMen^tt^f^ ^^.^..'.SEitote^i^isions the leniaindpr^;^;^ • ^^^ ^^ ^^P^* ^f :l*ffiE^§bdivisinns witf., and fo LT.n^ roS'""?r™^«I^«~ The serj;«a«t Zi .w n™ ' I'^'S* '" front of them P-fiVi-kl-cn. ^•«.v.i Ui. V^ »Wu urttTA uuvcro .ine \W *^' 180 The captaindresses the line from the right flank, and gives the word i^teady,^^ the major order8 "^yes Front ; " the cap- tain rema ins on the right of, facing the line. The major then «aves the command, ^^ From the right of di- visions to the front file^ March.^^ The subalterns place them- selves in front of the Nos. 1 of their rig ht subdivisions, and lead the files to the front, all dressing by the righ't, maintain- ing their proper intervals from that liank and covering from the front. When there are no coverers, inimterval of throe yards must be taken up and maintained ^fijom™ right "oFdivisions, as the leading file of each divisions advances. The sergeant-major becomes the rear file of the right, the quartermaster-sergeant of the left. The captain superintends the dressing ; when sufficiently- advanced the major orders " Halt, Dress.''' When the cover- ing and dressing is complete he orders ^^Eycs Front ; " the captain falls in two horses' lengths in reaii of the centre. The sword exercise is then performed, on the conclusion of which the major orders " Front Frnn,^' " March,'^ " Garry Swords," ^^ Eyes centre," ^'Retvm Sw(yrds,'^ "Take Post on^your subdivisions,"^" Outwards Wheel," " March." At .the ^WOr ^ March" the sergeant-major and quartermaster-sergeant move towards the flanks of the battery, the Nos. 1 wheel to- gether outwards in succession and follow them ; the subaltern move w iffilHeir divisions, all wheel up and halt opposite their proper position ; they then move to the battery, dress- ing by the centre ; the Nos. 1 halt at their guns ; all come about tog ether by signal from the captain, or, ip his absence, fEeSerg^nt-major. dLU -. ^^J Uiilu^ ^x^ . SECTION 6. Formation of the Brigade for Parade Movements. BRIGADE. The Brigade is formed in line, the officers at order, as de- tailed for a single battery. vv^^^» :.. *l.« ^ i. i. 1 1 1 4.1- _ in front of the lieut. -colonels. 181 ^ The brigade sf rgeant mai-nr r T ?• ^^^ °^ ^^^ir right. '*«dS*'^« fan." ""* -'" *• the bri..df .et^l^^;"^ <•»« ''""e'a length on the right of bngf\^tXTe'r ■'"•'''-«'« l-gt'« on the right „f the other officer appoiSed £^1''/™'T'' *.'"' * lieit-eoS or ^ After the Xe iT W S"en''^r'' >'^'' ^'^"2 ' bf^^ or brigade diSDfl?!! iVfv'=*" """""•"ding flank of their^commands To ^iTfu ^^'elves on that repairs, where they wiU^e°W. the inspecting officer the extent of their cZn^rX^^vi,''??""!'"''/ ^im to theu original posts. ' "'*'^ '''"'* 'W wifl resume HABCHINO PAST. ^^ points being gi.en by ?^«nd'»^J^^«„^^e^. The «'-AT««».,. j:_ ^ «. **Mareh." _,, rrot/c" The staff officers fall out .r,^ ^u . ' respective batteries. The trumnlf^ trumpeters rejoin their ^!^^:^fficer -arch^^^^LTaThreTf.t^^^^^^^^^ -V-friM 182 right or left rear of him, according to the flank the marching past is from. If the brigade is to march past at half column distance, the majors of the rear batteries will give the word " Trot,^^ and when they have gained their proper distance " Walk." When the head of the column arrives at the first wheeling point opposite A it -wheels to the left, and when within wheeling distance of the y)as8ing line it again wheels to the left, the other batteries following in succession. If the brigade is to march past at full or half intervals, by divisions or half batteries, the batteries will take ground to the right, as detailed for a single battery. In marching past the lieutenant colonels or oflScers com^ manding brigade divisions are two horses' lengths in front of the majors cominanding the leading battery of their brigade divisions. At " Reviews " and Field Days," the senior oflficers com- manding the parade, and brigades, fall out after saluting, and place themselves on the right of the reviewing officer ; lieu- tenant-colonels and majors remain with their brigade divi- sions and batteries. At " Inspections," lieutenant-colonels and majors fall out and place themselves on the right of the inspecting officer. The adjutant marches past two Worses' length in rear of the right subdivision of the rear battery. The brigade ser- geant-major in rear of the left subdivision dressing by th© adjutant, the brigade quarteimaster-sergeant and riding master, if not required by the commanding officer, will march past in rear of the centre in line with adjutant and brigade sergeant-major, dividing the interval, the brigade quartermaster-sergeant next the sergeant-major. TROTTING PAST. The commanding officer gives the word " The Brigade wUl trot fast in. Column of Batteries," "March."' Each battery trots past as detailed for a single battery. The adjutant, the riding master, the brigade sergeant-major and the brigade quartermaster-sergeant as at the walk. 183 SECTION 7. ^^over^nU of a Battery. PBOM LINE, -x^or^ttl'^tX;^- ^-'^ or roui ,„^. 1. PBOM LWE TO COME INTO ACTIOS Coxoi^^di^Officer. | Office™. ^ ^os 1. '^'^ Action Front. Action front. | I>i,^^ Md repeated brthr;ff"e^' t.'^J'^ "}« commandmg officer jnents to Di^Lnt, XnV^o I'lJ '"^'" 'heir detaX the Nri'T'^ «^«««^ 'he centre CeiTtK "P'^^S -"^ ine jNos. 1 horses to the rpar .~ ; " "^'vere of the guns lead the hml«r h„ok the NosTgiv^thTw^L''' r ^"f ^ <='«"^ and the Umbers rerersTan.?! j ^"'^ Lmber Drive m drivers, and proceed to^r^i ^a'^'"' ,*« "'^tructS for' ^geants go fo the reS !teteg.''y *«ieft, th?st'^ wnen they are sufficientiv tn ,Y.„ '""ers ; the sergeant mainr «gnal Sight Re^eTTZ who ^ '^^'if' ^v^^ command^ o^ w|he^heMh.theie^^^i;fro7^°3.rr."nVn^^^^^^^ thegr^fCot '"^ ^.""^ - ^-ed by the capuin on 2. FROM LINE TO ADVANCE ConunandJ^Officer. office™ , XT__ , •^feaAft •1 l■l>l i ■ l ^.■■^^^aMWl "~»" miBmmMqHi 184 When adrancing in line, the No. 1 of the subdivision of direction will take up points on which to march, extending his sword arm to the front, that he may be known to the other Nos. 1 who take their intervals from, and dressing by him ; when the advance is continuous he may be directed to drop his sword arm. 3. PROM LINE TO RETIRE. Nos. 1. Commanding Officer. Officers. Left Reverse Watky March — Forward Officers and ^taff-sergeanta turn about on their own ground. Nos. 1 turn about with their subdivisions. The subaltern officers remain between their gung. 4. FROM LIKE TO TAKE GROUND TO A FLANK. Commanding officer. Officers. Nos. 1. Right (or left) take ground Walk f March. At the word March each carriage wlieels — officers and staff- sergeants shift to their places in column of subdiviBions. 5. FROM LINE TO INCLINE. Noa. 1. Commanding Officer. Officers. Riaht (or left) Incline— Walk, Ma/rch. At the word Ma/rch, No. 1 subdivision must be careful to make the incline correctly : the lead driver of No. 2 dresses on the axletree of No. 1 gur, 15 paces distant ; the lead driver of 3 dresses on the axletree of 2 gun, and so on. 10 amfY\£x fVTflf^ni^TklA^ X . To resume the original direction the word w " Forward." i> 186 THE MOVB. Officers. Commanding Officer. (To diminish :) ^''i/ (or close) Interval on—No. (To increase:) ^^'If (or Fvll) Interval on — ^A^o. Nos. 1. ^^t ('yr Left) IncUne I rot-Foruurd- Walk except No. 1 of the named subdivision) tte|oraWte:^e"'"'" »"« '"'^^- «n which '^^^t^'^r^lStm^:^ .tT'f''^ 'n'ervaU from suMirisions xeverae toTe kf t ° "i'?^"^ ^«»'. ^e remaining ordered. ™ '"* '*"> «"! form up at the intervd ?• ™OM:Wi,B ,0 ADVAKCE m COL,JM» n. ^^^f^- I - No. 1. Left Division- 1 Of i ii.J yi 3 and 4 in succession ^ejT take ground—Fw- .nd :« Ar;i;e*1nTa:'^?»^„««'[e g~«nd Vo'Ihe right. Commanding Officer ^^mnce in Column % subdivisions fr(m 186 8.rR0 M LIKE TO ADVANCE IN COLUMN OF DIVISIONS FROM A FTANK. Cominanding Officer. Advance in Column of Divisions — from the Bight — WaUcy March. Officers. Of Right Division Advance Of Left Division— Right take Ground — Left take Ground. No. 1. At the word March the right division advances, and the left division t^kes ground to the right ; and when it arrives in rear of the right division, takes ground to the front. 9. FROM LINE TO ADVANCE IN ECHELON OF SUBDIVISIONS FROM A FLANK. Officer. N08. 1 (In succession)- Advance — Walkf March. Commanding Officer. Advance in Echelon of Subdivisions from the Right— Walkf March. At the word "Marc/fc," No. 1 subdivision advances; the other subdivisions in succession^ at subdivision distance. A battery in echelon of subdivisions, if required to change its front when in action, does so at the words " Action Ri^ht or (Left)j" by throwing the trails round, and bringing the guns into the new direction ; the limbers forming in rear of their guns. A battery may advance in echelon of divisions from ailanK in the same manner, the officers giving the word of command to their divisions which advance at division distance. 10. FROM LINE TO RETIRE IN COLUMN OF DIVISIONS FROM A FLANK. The battery is reversed to the left by the commanding the 187 reverae as for limbering up o tL L^^i'""' '^"°"' "P «"<1 liml^rs up at once anf reW, on i^l^X" °*'V'-'^ '1^™'»« taken up any distance '.hat mav hi ^ "i '!''"' *'" •>«»« inward Hank ; the othei diSn l""''"'"'^ '" '^a^ of its lunhersdi yards from the Si IZt"? ,'? ^"o'>. ">« retire aW. as the named divWon Iti *a J'"''^*'' "P «nd or^r.<£V^::X"l^j7t "±Tf' "- i« fonned usual position in action ^ '^'"'''' «' ""'e take their ,. Iv^tttV-d^lt^^^^^ '^« 'eft retires, imber boxes are not^to be opened 17.'" '" ^ ."««<'' "-e tndges are to be temporarily ,?i!;L|- '*° " ""•«« car- tree box^ for use, whei^S Zfe are?„ °"\"f "«> a^'e- mity to the guns. ^^ners are m such close proii- Commanding Officer. I Officers. (^^ f>attery mil coun- March. Nos. 1. ^0. 1. ^rfvance — ^^A« Shoulders, Halt No. 2. Rufht Shoulders. Halt. No. 3- Left Shoulders. rfnit XT- A . - vance-~Left Shml- dersj Halt. Commanding Officer. The battery vnU coun- termarch — March — /Hvisions. Invxurds fu >out Wheel. 188 The sef^«int-Tnajor places luiiiself in re.ar of No. 2 Bubdi- Tieion, the qufl- f^nnarfter-sergeant in '*ar of No. 3. The captain dressert llu niarkuirt from the sergeant-major. At the word "Mtrc/i " Nos. 1 and 4 advance (guj yards, and wheel inwards — 2 and 3 also wheel inwards, Jthe whole pass each other by subdivisions, bridle hand to bridle hand, and again wheel up into their places in line. 13. PROM LINE TO CHANGE FRONT TO THE REAR WHEN AT DIMINISHED INTERVALS. Officers. Nos. 1. Of Eight Division — Left about Wheel — Forward — Halt Of Left Division — Halt — Right about Wheel — March -For- ward — Halt. At the word "Marchy" the battery advances two horses* lengths, the left division halts, the right moves forward, and as soon as it is sufficiently advanced to enable the left divi- sion to wheel, the whole wheel about inwards, and incline to the centre, the right division coming up at an increased pace. The markcT-s as in the preceding movement. When this done " on the move," at the trot, the left divi- sion walks ; if at the walk, the right division trots, and tho movement is carried out as above, the original pace beiu^ resumed at the completion of the movement. A battery at dimmished intervals may also change front lo the rear on the centre, and open out to full intervaJa in wheeling ; the word of command is, — " The Battery "HI countermarchy" Full Interval on No. — ." ** March" " Le;,H ., ''tV'n Halt." " Divisions^ Inwards about Wheel"— ''Fonmra -' The rieht divy } * a /es for^ird as in the former case, Anrl- in xghA fllin cr. i\ ... i ■>i!:<1iinHinn i nnATi t\nt fr* ^ull infAv-cral from the one named. •MMMH 189 14. WOH L,W, TO HBVBME A BATT.RT WhB, a» BALf INTKRVAL8. Commanding Officer. Battery mil reverse — ^farch. Left Reverse. Officera. No8. I ^ v/J Of 1 and X- /V . Form — Halt. • Of2, aiui4~ira/<.. J5 Commanding Officer. I officers. Change front to the Left-- Walk— March. Of Right Divi sion — advance Subdivision half left. No. 1. Of 1 and 9.— Half Left — Left-' Halt— Of 3 — Advance-— Left take ground - Halt— Of 4— Right take ground — Right mu , 2'^^ Reverse— Halt. their respective subdivisions When ?hT ' *''^ #SK iTSR the sergeant-major marks ?,!; tT . •"■* "* "" ""ters, for No^4 ; beinK^^y the^kST^'''^'''''^'''^^' vance. wheei haLf wT^."? ,'l'to_marker;ithe others ad- bait wben It. i:... — i ---i--" tunair"-- -- halt when in line. raidH the formation, and j-Q w^imem < 190 16. IN LINE LIMBERED UP TO CHANGE FRONT RIGHT BACK. Commanding Officer. Change front Rifjht^ Back — Walk — March, Officers. Of Right Divi- sion — Left Re- verse — Subdivi- sions Half Right — Forwaod. Of 1 and 2— Rights Left Reverse — Halt. Of 3 — Left Reverse- Right take ground -Left Reverse-Halt. Oi4Left take ground Left reverse — Halt. 17. IN LINE LIMBERED UP TO CHANGE 5'RONT LEFT BACK. Commanding Officer. Officers. No. 1. No. 1. Change Front Left Back— Walk — March Left Division — Right Reverse. Subdivisions — Half Left—Fw ward. Of 1 — Right take ground — Right Re- verse — Halt. Of 2 — Right Reverse- Left take ground — Left Reverse. Of 3 and 4r~Left— Left Reverse—Halt. 18. IN LINE LIMBERED UP %0 CHANGE FRONT ON A CENTRAL SUBDIVISION. Commanding Officer. Change Front to the Left on No. Z~Walk -March. Officers. No. 1. Of 1—Half Left— Left Forward — Halt Of 2 — advance — Left take ground — Halt. Of 3 — advance Right take ground — Right Reverse-Halt. Of 4 — Right Reverse — Left take ground- Right Reverse-Halt. 191 In chanring front on a central subdivision, the longest flank should be thrown forward if possible—thus change of front to the right should be made on No. 2, to the left on No. 3. b ^jj^^®.°^^^®^^®» ^^ ^e executed on the same principle A battery can also change front on a moveable pivot by a simple wheel. ^ ^ 19. FROM LINE TO CHANGE FRONT WHEN IN ACTION. The commanding officer orders the named gun to be brought into action in the new direction, the guns next to it are brought mto their position either by hand or hmberine up, according to the nature of the ground. The guns next to those run up by hand should be limbered up, biit-t fae detachm ents not mounted. A battery may change its front "half right" or "half left, on the same principle. The commanding officer^s word would be " Ckinge Fronts" " Half Eight,'' On No — These manoeu ^es can be executed on the same principle by divisions and half batteries. ^ 20. IN LINE LIMBERED UP TO CHANGE FRONT FOR ACTION. Commanding Officer. Officers. i No. 1. Change Front Right Back for Action. — March. Of RightDivision|Of4— i4ceion Right. •-Left Reverse— Of 3— Left Reverse— i^ibdiviswns— Right take ground- Half Right—For- Halt— Action rear, '^rd. Of 2 and I— Right- Halt — Action rear. thtlll^iS^t^'lflf ™^r°? ^'■^^i^to action ia in N,f 1,- 1 ' *• '*"^ ^'^^'^ March, the others proceed as mmm 192 21. FROM LINE — A BATTERY IN ECHELON OP DIVISIONS TO CHANGE ITS FRONT WHEN IN ACTION. Commanding Officer. Change Front to the Left on the Lefty Guns of Divisions — March. Olficere. No. 1. Of 2 and 4— Action Left, on And 3— Runup. At the caution the pivot guns are turned into the new direction, and at the word March, the others, if the ground will permit, are run into position by hand. The guns will not be limbered up if they can be run into position by hand. Retireraensts in echelon are done on the same principle as the advance. 22. FROM LINE TO CHANGE POSITION TO A FLANK. Officers. Half Right-'For ward — Right — Forward-Halt. Commanding Officer. Officers. No. 1. Change Position by the Oblique Echelon of Divisions to the Right — Walk — March — I Form Line. At the word March the divisions wheel half right, and ad- vance until the word Form Line is given. The commanding officer gives the words Form Line when the echelon has arrived at 20 paces from the intended posi- tion. The markers, i.e., sergeant-major and quartermaster-ser- feant, under the 3rd subaltern, move out at the words Form attery. ^ . i.ft v^itterv cives the word ''Marchj The major of the ^J^* ^*.:?f ^^^^^ gives room for it to when the --^^'rilt w^^^^ '^'' ^^^ '^ '''" take ground to the ngUt , y/^«" - column it takes cround to the leit^ ^^^ ^ reversed ■ .^ ^nVANOB IN ECHELON OF BATTERIES PROM 2 FROM LINE TO ADVANCE l« ^-^^ ^ A FLANK. Commanding Ofl&cer. AdvanceinEchd^ngBatterus frm The Bi^ht-^March. Majors. Advance-^ (in successio^a) - March. from ji/Ms-iv «*/""' The batterie. .dvauce in echelon at wheeling distances bom the front. , , .^^ fl^nk of their batteries, if j:^:drg1?rS^^^t rt the Mt tlank, If advancing ^TetkSigt' echelon is on the same principle. « »*TTRE BY ALTERNATE BATTERIES OR 3 FROM LINE TO RETIRE BT AI.1 "*• DIVISIONS. ,. Commanding Officer. Majors. March. The even nnn>W Utterie, r^^^t ;^^^^^^^^ 201 the word "ifearZ,iX4»"^ "^ "' '*"'''' 8ivet tion being given by Us mi'rk.^V"''/*""''".'' '»» Pori- .uperi„telleL"oTtheSjaUn't " "° '*'' ""''' ""'I" '»>. Aa soon as the centre battery haa J..It»j j •ction, the flank batteries will iLw '^ .'"^ *=•>"« '"*<> dutance beyond the ctnte U tej^ n,»"f """^ "'/^^ « "ke inwards flanks under the sunlS "f'^''''" marking for the from the centre »»P«nntendence of the tdjutent take their usual "o^^Z^n'^l^"""' ""' '^'«" "^ ''*^<=J' 4. '"OM LINE TO CHANGE FRONT TO A WANK. Commanding Officer. %,?^^V Battery.-. a«^, /^ron« to the Might. ^ Hnff'n- Vi^J-^^^ Batteries.- is?:?a^""* ^ "^^^^ - the flank battery unleas other. me DrinniX ''''* ^^^^ (^^ quarter rk ^ ^ cnange same principle. quarter) right " is done on the II 6. FROM LINE TO CHANGE FHONT, RIGHT BACK. Comiaanding Officer. Majors. Change Fr<^Eight Back Of Left Battery-Oang* Frcni- Irnrch '<^«''. ^TPoee «fe left from tZright^^thJ riShfw?"' r '°^'™'' '** '"'^ '» rearrmovesaloTiS™. • ^, oattery hmbera up to the nghUni:::^a'f, Sn\T »r„nVo^¥i"?'sf -^^^ non, and cornea into "Actio^front'"^ ^ '" ™"'''- MOVEMENTS FROM COLUMN. 12. TOOM COLUMN TO WHEEL llfTO LINE. Commanding Officer. left fFhetl into Line— March. Majors. left Wheel into Line. ^nmeLXre^he'centtof .^''^V^'"?*!^- ^»-"g the their batteries »e&?/' ""^ ""^'^ -^i/^' ^™»V' when Wheeling into line withonf T,.if; practice ; tlie word of cTrnmnn i • A"^ '' * ^^'^* necessary ^ At the compTetion of thfwh^p^'/^ '^^^ ^ ^^'^"^ ^ ^^^t.^ " Forward- and Ih^ hi. -1^?!'"^- *^^^«J«rs give the word dressing ig by the battery of dSection "' '''"^^' ^*'^- ^^« ■■■WPW 206 13. FROM COLUMN TO FORM LINE ON THE LEADING BATTERT. Commanding Officer. i Form Line — March. Majors. Of Centre Battery-L«/% TaU G-rmind — Right Take Ground — Forward— Halt. Of Rear Battery— i«/if /n- cline — Forward — Right In- cline — Forward — Halt. The base is given by the leading battery. At the word " March " the centre battery takes ground to the left, the major halts opposite his marker, allows his battery td pass until the rear subdivision comes up to him, when ne gives the word " Right take Grownd" and halts his battery on the marker. The rear battery inclines to the left at the word "ilfa»cA," and when opposite its marker it inclines to the right, and halts in line. If this is done " on the move," the centre battery will proceed as laid down for the rear battery. Line may be formed on the " Right of the leading hatU/ry " in a similar manner. 14. TO COUNTERMARCH A COLUMN OF BATTERIES. ^ Commanding Officer. The Batteries will Countermarch — March. Majors. The Battery will Counter- march. The base is given by the rear battery, the marker cf \7hich places himself m rear of No. 1 subdivision of the rear battery. If the batteries are at close interval the right divisions of each battery move forward until sufficiently in advance of the left divisions to allow the latter to wheel about inwards, and at the word of command from the majors, all the divi- sions wheel about inwards (the right at an increased pace), and are halted on tneii markers hj their respective majors. ATTERY. tfi Take Ground Left In- ight In- lalt. round to lows his } to himi halts his McucK* ght, and beiy will batUry " ES. Counter- cf \7l1ich • battery, isions of irance of inwards, the divi- ed pace), 207 COLCMN TO DEPICT To « „, Cominanding Officer. , ""^^ ' Afajors. ^q'foy to aJZ^March. J^ebaae.gi,enbythe leading battery. Commanding Officer r ^ ^"-^^s- Commanding Officer. ^^loy Outwards^March. Majors. terie, thecommaXgoSrIrilf •""«««« three b.. n-, "" — I Majors. •^^hZlZ^ltt ^«t?-e fro. the re/i . I' >My "ometS li^„V»''«"''8 ^ro™ the front ^"*'^- >?g or centre h.tlJ2.^ ?«««?wry to onen n^it^l. ' ' --«v« stands fast) reveise n^^^^^j" **^^ ^^ / averse, proceed towards 208 the rear, and again reverse when they have got their dis- tances ; those in front of the named battery advance. If it is intended that the brigade should advance after opening out, the word will be " Advance in Golumrif" upon which the leading battery advances at the word " March," and is followed in succession by the others, when the battery m front of them has gained its distance. 18.* FROM QUARTER COLUMN TO FORM LINE TO A FLANK. Commanding Officer. Line to the Left on the Rear Batter jf— March. Majors. Of Leading B&tteiy— Advance ^^Left Wheel-Farward — Halt. Of Centre BtLtterj—Advanco- Halt— Left Wheel— March- Forward — Halt. Of Rear Battery— Le/if WTieel \ — March — Forward — Halt. On the word "itfarc^," the leading and centre batteries advance, and as soon as they have got their proper distance, wheel in succession, to the left at the command from their respective majors, who remain on the left of their batteries until halted. . j x-u ;i The rear battery wheels up, advances its own deptn, ana gives the base. , , . Line can be formed on the leading battery on the same principle. 19. FROM QUARTER COLUMN TO CHANGE FRONT TO A FLANK. Majors. Of Leading Bd.tteTY— Advance from the Left in Column of Subdivisions — Bi^ht^ take Ground — Forward — H dt. Of Centre and Rear Batteries— Left take Ground-Leadiihg Sub- aiVWiOn JXiyiii rr Jicct — xvtj;.r-.- tahe Ground — Forward — Halt. Commanding Officer. Column will Change Front to the Bight — March, their dis- ice. ince after m," upon irch," and battery in k FLANK. r -— Advance ird — Halt. Advancer-' —March— Uft Wheel rd—Halt. e batteries sr distance, from their ir batteries depth, and n the same ) A FLANK. 209 •? the p™l,?|a«on^Ahe^ i!,?T ^^ ">« '^'Jing battery distance equal^to its front °""' """'' "^ ">« ^o^'-'mn, at J[ f'l^^^^^^^^nT^^^^Z^^^P f vance, fr„™ 1U8 leading subdivision nSZ^' -^ .T"""" ""« '"•J"'- finds amres at its marker th* t„'. i 'W .™ battery when it shoulders forw^, before k^.fV*^"?"'' ^^^yi its rLht preceding subdiWsions have XledV^h P?'S' '''>"«^" revises to the right. '">«eJed to the right, at which it -"SfSJtrr.^V.r'l? '° ""' ^«ft. leading Ztt''"- take grot^tSre-^^^trdlll ^ i^' 20. FROM QUARTER COLUMN TO RBVER8P ^r.^ iv njflVERSE THE FRONT Commanding Officer. j^ . ' nj . . Majors. Column of Bight take l—Hidt. Batteries — leading Sub- TU „/>1 TfanJt * ward — Kalt. the ^t :! ar„:rZ":d%te'nr"\^^-^^ »S"ttl'' conmianding olficer, whe^n tL V ^^°'« "« b»lted TThe marker. ' "'"=■> the leading battery reachS iS ifle majors lead ronnHwi.!..!.., xm- can be done at7ein"cSl tat'Sri^! ''''^'""- sssa 210 21. A QUARTER COLUMN OP BATTERIES TAKING GROUND TO A FLANK TO DEPLOY ON THE REAR BATTERY. Commanding Officer. Deploy on tJie Bear Battery. Majors. Of Rear BatteTy— Halt— Left Take Ground— March— Halt. Of Centre Battery -Halt-Lefi Take Ground — March— Half. Of Leading B&tteTj— Leading Subdvvisum Right Incline — Left Incline — Forward — Left Take Ground— Halt. The base is given by the rear battery. If this is done with other troops, the adjutant and marker of the base battery should fall out, and follow the flank inarch of the column, ready to give the base and points immediately the brigade arrives at where its left will rest. The majors of the centre and rear batteries should also remain in rear. The rear battery halts at the word to deploy, until its left flank is clear, it then takes ground to the left, and moves up to the alignment. This is a special parade movement, to be used when it is desired to preserve the original telling off. Part VIII. MISCELLANEOUS. SBCTIQN 1. '' on his leeri{ \l ^""V^^ ^»«t Matter ri?.? sometunes do so while hia^ t -acf I *^? ^°^«« and ho?d L i. "^^ H Pat But when any hoi^e i« ^ ^ « m its proper hmbuckle ,he g^f »° n^ trace, so thatufarotV^ 1°^»"«- traces ; it mavtr^ * *P' "P*" the haniHa .„j "® "oliooked forwarf, ZlttlT^. '0 move t?e ^^°1«» «l««e th^ 212 „Ue them sufficiently »» "'^^S^ ^^'SVoV't^Xr?! The team of the gun W ,^?,' "' .ff^tenini? the prolong to hooking by Bimply ""1™''" "« ^■;'\,S=' o""te hrol^en wheel, the vintail and round the ''^^l^'Tjltov^t on to itswheek. A 'gun or carnage •»*/, ^^^'f^'^'ff Strwould ho to keep The best way to repair this torm <'' " ™!. ^^ atmBMe clear, the wheel horses down unhook theu^ 'un the u. ^ g ^^^^^ get them uj., unhmber t/"^ K"°' J^^"* by raising the traU. k&T»rif Uctr to il t^e mu.lle enter it, ^„S ^the.gurtis not coiniiete;^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ Ijisabled <»f™|«^, "%*''''f&r to4 143 and consecutive and diBm»unting field °^.^"*"^^' ^^'^;;''^°' ^^^ driven curricle, pages. It a shaft is ^™^Vf?CX put on the near side and {hat is, the remaining *«** """/^^^^'^fa drag rope, at such a a handspike lashed »« it by means o^a g ^^,^ ^^.^.^_^^ length as to support *';.^''*""\he saddle and pad of the whin the handspike rests ^«™^ '"^/^^ber between the ;^:r kM dSut»s:f;i?h^:ins made up of Ham Ughtens the weight. rarely injured \he men on the ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^tLen th'e spokes, except by carelessly putting a le^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ If thiown otf their feet f^^^^^^'^ Ageing run o except Bimply left behind ^|^°^*4*J^^^^^^^^ ganneiB V in a column of ^°J^^; J^f^i t^^^^^^^^ greater ; they should be ^^f /^^i^^^^J^^^i^o the hand rail on Sid in passing ^?f J/.^'^^^^thl^ tats a^^^ resting part of the box, rising slightly from tne^ s ^^^ ^^^^^^1 :%t^herrInd"Ci-ead o'f on the vertebral column. ACCIDENTS TO MOUNTED MEN. . , _ +^«»r.«Ti^ftd men are frequent? tuT'^'^^^d.ii^^tSriirg^Td^ng^U that the cariiage , wheel. )r.t un- ion g to wheel, ■wheels, to keep re clear, raising le trail, enter it, ounting secutive curricle, side and ; such a position, i of the reen the Hambro' ance, the reus and Y injured le spokes, they are r, excej)t umiers is Bind straps id rail on g part of ae natural vertebral J frequent* 5 carriage s 213 * ^^^^PoZZLff^tfJ^^^n^ to mounted men th~^^d'?,t"1he'r^'S»^*' "■« '»- of . .nn h« . '^ .nd :Sho«k ''""^^ '^ '» J^««P «^ doln° drck''th" ^ OBSTACLEfl. -^" auvanittire. '°~' "* '^"^ men on the iwtge. • 214 In short, m most pkc^, ^'^^f! * ^dat!"™'/-.*' tv^ Cavalry escorts have turned back. ♦^ SECTION 2. Passage of Rivers. r^tlirg'slSfl^iguBs to r.t on tlje ^n^way, nor^Ke bottom of the boat on the «^»^f ;,^ "witli the boat end ^»^hra*5^ef^toodee.toX^^^^^^ ammunition boxes they f*"""!* oodid countnT Uke Canada ; rafts easily construrted ^ * J°°Xrr^ing the necee- cask rafts are available ^t*. ^^^^^^^Jf ^'SonW, spirite saries of life, such as P^^.X'ircino" connected wfth a and coa oil casks, or a coupl^ of """^f^f , ^^^ Worses platform of ^^l^^^^^^l^^^. men the banks of iiay be made to swim »y«' f *^*i^„ ijslung over on the a rfver are wooded t^^I^^.^d foStW ns^gthe prolong battery picket J°P^ ^^^.I^P^fas tClSiR. 6r the%icket Z'e mVr«^ i ^caufin ferrying, L current almost unaided wiU send a i'*^' »<^^:t„.jed by Canadian axemen. Sire The flotation »' » «?»'' ™f ih'',n^,'o7a «aWo toot ofwaterW lbs. thS'rouSily » gallon »'''»'?,'5i;?,«„,r7 .mall ca^^^ of 30 gallocs tha H ,00^ """« '""".I'/L'^O Ib^ ffleave a ma. gin 90 as nottomi^ Sf^«°eX.3l.To"»».y^^^^^^^^^^ he axle- id even h. their 5 precau- ingways, , nor the is wide boat end le wheels jtting the >at8 or on 1 Canada ; ;he neces- rer, spirits • d with a he horses J hanks of ,rer on the le prolong he picket ent almost n axemen, i about, on limber, am" nadian moa" remembering E water 60 lbs. \ gallons the a not to Bub- ;ay 15 casks, ive the bung- ll9 are usea, ired from it, kwarn. 215 'T-t by a eras, l'^"'' »'»" •'""''lea tL oppose aide to be portance. 8'"" 'o'^'-Wy barf bottom « of the fi„ti„ co&f„rr? ■"" *» >» fi"«l up with b . -OM OF 8WIHM,va A H0B8E. let. tbe ,?S..?5/?P« *»»ld alaS hf taken ^?8,'' ' *« head ^"-P and crossed "^hlt"!?"' » wal- let, the 3feu"2l *»"" »^° ^ taken off ."^^^ '" % ^^ead entangle th^Ti*^^'l"P and crossedrnothint"!?"' ^" "«•- ehoull leive itTerf, Jf '^e bit rein fa'not tlt?n''% '«^' *» taking a lock o^h "^ '^^ •"d scarcelv 1 , °S. ""« "der reiu8,1n Wa leftV^j™''^' together^tl .1. *' 'J"* ™«ffle, bettei be done b^th • v^^^ ^'*<>'^et^eJt t^i "^ *^"^ rein, or by snLx- *® ^'"ghtest touA d„S *,« ''<'«e had from whl4Xu3r«» »" *e ridfo?"'!",^ ""^ ,»««« willcarrv n C *, " '^■n to tarn • hut . , horses' nose and the oti^nZfTj"' """te "-ge" the L^ .?^ "^^'^ i as much omthT^'^T- Theri4.XnM I H"?* "^e^ 're%htforwL'5Lfe> ^^.thei^ as ht°"" 'f?? "^ chest aemud. ;;;" thTr'^T- TheridliXnuT H~ weight forXL^jV™e's withera if S^""'*^ ^^^ h" c theCIS""'' hoIdi„„ the mani t^o'p^' ""'^"^"g hia tressed, a W^h? *!:?>* "'ards. If °hHrf.' *« rush of the°water\;^»°dh„Idi„„ ti,, ~ to p^' ?f?*ing hi tressed, a manwh^ ^ ^ack wards. Tfthlu '^ the rush o. in«,>„ i_ .,™?^ ™o cannot »»;,„ L ." ^¥.ooise non^v^ a:. 216 W the hor»e from his weight ^When^ej^Ke com« into SECTION 8. ' Encamfing. WK«« a iMittenr is on the march, its equipment of tents wiU^ci^m^^ the ammunition wagons,. and when en- ^p^^r^tribution wiU be as foUows, viz : Officer Commanding, 1 tent. ^^"S?i?a ^^e^tiSe eroand will not ad "it of th» f**T^„tS'feitter7mW he encamped in colm, .1 of suhdi- sr^g^t -d*sr^od . A^^ *SS sZfi btf«S to thCS. of the different S^U"™ "the quickest and «feat w.y of secunng !V'^i»Suist'?oaioW?i:r^ fi^iven the tents wt^h p' J]^^ ^ i c^^ina thftt the doorpomts 5r 91 CAMP OF A FIELD BATTERY. FULL INTERVAL I CUARO TENT 4 3 2 1 1 1o 1 SPABB i3 /5 ^y n ! tn Lu bJ 2 z (D 1/1 3 tn \x\ ~* LJ UJ U UJ Z «^ \fs in I < X X QC O X /9 in N8 2 STAFf SERCT^N OFFICERi MAJOR -OFFICERS FORGE LATRINE WAGONS K ITCHEN 52 95 V«^s LATRlNj. nfFICERS I i I CAxMP OF A FIELD BATTKRY COLUMN OF SUBDIVISIONS. Guars o in >2 Aff 8 f A '« -_ 1» = '« -- » -^ 1 HMW8 B 3 0> A 2 I f © (3© ©0 ; M 5.JEPCTS OFFICERS ® © V < LATHUif JUirouss vV JB/7 2/ 217 the ground. TCwta^TL » v ""d ""fed, if possibk, off on. ^So soon « the^ fa J?i*5 f ' ',•"« ''««d«t»U» Wt may be taken towatprSS f.,?v "H' ** '"'"««' '"hen cool. are^notus^ toLTStet^"^t1?:?*n,H ".»»'« »'<»«« be picketed as triBtendintVlf ?5"'"^'/*''" t'>«y *onld on^e. It may LTbe dl ™H "?'1' '"dnotw they stand on whUe feeding WXtif.K^ *? 'T* ^""^ ''""Jo"" reins there mav be ^mTJZmlM^r C "fTt^ '°? ''^"^^Jes horso- -oufidence, the men XuM bT;,.* ""^"''"g*"* the •»..^« them; and, if th° w^l^b'P*C'"n^''P?^"* •«: ;;r«ment« should be donrdojeto tfc^tfT""^ "* horses are used to being piXfJ ;„ . ,j,.t, ™: I*i however. as quietly «s in a stobfe ^n^ fh ' '""*• *™* 'W 8t*n tl'ese notes are maae should be preserved for future reference. Thr will The other ojkers of the batteries ("one of whom should and «,Pn ?fj^,?^^^^^^°ess of tfee non-commissioned officers %1nra"itrlX''rthtti?ran!l%SteT^™%^^^^^^^ manding officer informp,! ,.f ,1„ ' • '""^ seeping the com- «to aimn*Sn,'rn1nd ho^^r"^"'^'''^ "' ""» >»"-? SECTION 8, GENERAL PRACTrCAL RULES. to b!:rte^'S3!r stii?' ™'r ™?^ ''^ °f --»-- or broken-down horses amm.^'^"™'*-^""- ^'^^l.'aJial.lanie of abandoning a'/urorTSuSrr^or" ^^^ •i-TaeiiB™ ! i 220 prevention is the only remedj which a steam-power com- mander cannot ensure, unless m time of peace he has forged a chain of responsibiUty, every link of which beara a share of steady strain, from the subalterns commandmg divisions, the sergeants in charge of subdivisions, down to the mdivi- dual driver. „ , i • vl 2nd. Regularly trained Artillery coUar-^makers, Oioeingmnhs and whalers are v&ry important per sorhoqes, and should be weU supplied with tools and materials. Othi rwise misfitting har- ness, that would produce many galls, would seem to be in- evitable with Volunteer batteries turned out suddenly. 3rd. Your limber gunners must be abh to lay thevr hands on every ariielein the limber-boxes, 2 and 3 greasing wheels, screw- ing-up bolts, &c. ^v ^ v*. 4th As you generally have to commence the lignt, nevar lose an opportunity of gettmg permission jor yowrgys near th^ head of the column of march, except in a wooded or tMse country. Under all cvrcvmstances^m addition to your eclaireurs m your front, have a couple of intelligent mounted markers, non-com- miseimed officers, well in advance, to seek out passages over ditches, swampy ground, &c. 5th. Procure maps even when famiha. with the country ,— they are necessary for directing others,— and habitually use them, folded the size of your sabretache. 6. Note carefuUy every cross-road or lane, m\ a means of breaking away to a flank, from which you will best be able to assist your infantry deployment by partially enfiladmg the enemy*s line. . . . , 7. Avattalioii, wander off, disgusted. Cavalry are little me against a resolute fire of skirmishers. The proper escort for guns would be the coming cavalry ! — the long-talk ed-of mounted riflemen ; and their place, the exposed flank of the battery, dismounted and under cover when practicable. If they formed part of the establishment of the battery, they would be doubly valuable, fiUing casualties at the guns, or getting them out of difficulties with breast harness, which they should cany on their riding horses. ^^ 9. Xeave ymir ammun'Ui4m vxigons under charge of the Quarter master Sergeant or an officer if available, to follow at a dis- tance, taking advantage of accidents of ground, and replacing expended ammunition by Bending up wagon-limbers to be exchanged for the empty gun limber, which, when refilled, can again come up. It might be advisable to do away with wagons and have only an increased number of limbers, for facility of movement, &c. 10. In advancing into action^ the commander rides several hun- dred yasds in frontj to select a position and avoid a cul-de-sac ; he is accompanied by his trumpeter and a mounted marker from each division to assist as range-finders, carrying a pocket-sextant and a measured piece of fishing-line on a reel, to take a base on Colonel Drayson's plan. The battery ifl brought up, silentlv, by the swoi^-arm-signals of the com- mander, who will endeavor to bring up guns vnthout being seen by the enemy, unlimbering in rear of a slope to avoid the teams appearing on the sky-line, and running the guns up by hand when practicable. 11. The points for cormderation of a position are, in order of importance : (a) Efficacy ofjvre; (b) Cover for the pieces and limbers^ if possible, the reverse of a gentle slope permitting guns to be withdrawn till the muzzles only can be seen ; best fulfil this condition, or 20 minutes with the entrenching-tools wiU give cover if no hedge or bank is available ; a screen of bushes or a Canadian rail-fence with a little earth thrown up gives confidence : mtmmm fsmtrnMnmemti. mitb^mm X 222 '* i I I (e) PosUion of the other troops^ yaw own^ and the enemy ; i (a) Facility of advance ; (e) Facility of retireiTient ; Tneae conditions are seldom united in an equal degree. The commander must, at once, decide which is the most im- portant to secure the object of the engagement and which to give up as least essential. No position can be called a good one that does not fulfil the first condition. 12. Avoid unmasking the position by opening fire until a worthy object is within range, which should not be above 2,500 yards, the limit of field-glasses by which the results of fire can be ascertained. 13. Opel^ fire deliberately from the leeward gun, firing a little short of the estimated range, increfi ing and correcting the elevatiop of the remaining guns, firing more rapidly as the range is ' ascertained or the foe comes to close quarters ; hut never waste ammunition^ which encowrages an enemy, un- steadies your men, and is difficult to replace. " If ordered to fire (uselessly, in your own judgment;, obey ; but fire as slowly as possible." Opening fire at too long ranges is the vice of all arms and au armies ; restrained fire raises the confidence of those who practice it, and none can do so more steadily than the English, while it depresses those who have to advance on a comparatively silent foe. 14. " Guns should hear on that arm of the enem/yh force which threatens most—sB a rule, ^he enemy's infantry aad cavalry, rather than their arti' iry." When you do fire on an oppos- ing battery, not in ^elf-defence, but to save your own in- fantry being shaken before a contemplated assault by the enemy, let it be understood in your own battery that you X^ concentrate on their centre g un Ccommon shell and percussion ^^ f uzes^ ; and, wnen siiencea, turn attention to that on its right, then left, and so on. 15. Guns being useless while limbered up, and a change of position necessitating a fresh estimate of range, the nwnwer of changes of position in action should be a minimum and the pace a maximumf provided it is steady. X 1(5. The subaltern's com/mand of two guns should nev&r he i separated; they are battle comrades, and form as complete a ■^^xmmatiamim^^.- •■mmai'it.'cim^::^':^:^! - ■>«Mm 223 f^L Th^tn^''''^ company. They are often detached ^ not inJ^P*^"^ ^''' ^T"? «"*^^ «^ ^'^ outposts. It ?7 ^«,lw7/"" i"; ^' * '•"' S ^^'^^^»*^ fi'« i« essential. n.Hamng a favorable posxtwn, keep it until the enemy re- toes beyond 2,5()() yards or your own troops mask youXe in either case advance to within 800 yards of the enemy and ?T.W r'"'**- ^^"^^^ ^' ^^*«4 «^y within sKds Po^iti^n it r.v'r % ^"^^«« ^«^ hoWu/^^^^^^ position It may be advisable to retire to about 2000 if the ground offeij a second favorable position. 800 yards o? thereabouH being the eifective limit or infant^ ireh the SS'rSrW/^^ perfect artiUeiy efficiency.^ Tmayt 5w7^irr ^T/*' «^^?"'*'*^« to aave a irokm infantry. Always dehberate before retiring, unless specially oJdS and bear m mmd that the last few rounds at close a^IS often turn the tide of battle, and bring you honor or at k*^? a sense of having done your duty to tL uttemo^\? ' ' given iTZt Hnffr '' ^^I^'^^-Several reasons are iim? ^ ^r^I Hoflfbauer, of the German Artillery why guns should advance to short ranges '.-M(yral effect ffi Sl^ over-estimated. AdvancSg InfanT^ ffves new msmratipn when the guns pass close by in 4ger advancr J^^ll J^"^ ""^^^"^^ ^^^ '' ^^'^ 5 while the a3ei^ is iS ^rUh^wLr^'^'Y *" ^^PP^^* ''' «>°^^'^^« of theSfant^ witn what a welcome are the sunners rpopivp^ of a !«i: ^* 224 posted far in rear, to diatingTiisli friend from foe, and conse- quently it may, perhaps, cease fire at a critical moment, just when the enemy is brmging up fresh batteries, and hurl'^ in- tact masses of infantry against the shaken assailants. 19. Afte- a section of the ground has been stormed, the artillery is launched forward in large masses to secure its position, to pursue the enemy with its fire, and to prepare further attacks. It must not wait for higher authority, but take the initiative, and act in tuc spirit of the Commander- in-Chiefs intentions. To av(nd delay the AHUUtu Comrmndert ride to the front during the last rushy as soon as the advancing infanti-v masks the fire of the guns against the principal ob- ject of attack, to watch the progress of the fight and ol»erve where their.batteries can be employed with greatest advan- tage. , , , Artillery officers rrmsty above all things, rmeimher tluttthe (U- feat of the en(my, not the Reservation of their latteries %n good eonditiony should he the object of their first attention. Artillery should never waste time in parade movements in the field. Each battery should be directed on its mtended position, and move to it by the quickest route. SECTION 4. Outfosts. The chief duties of outposts are— . ■. •. Ist. To prevent the en emy from attacking the mam body of a force when at rest, for a sufficient length of time to enable it to form up for action on its chosen ground. 2nd. To obtain information as to the number and disposi- tion of the enem^so far as can be done without patrollmg or reconnoitring to a long distance. ^ ,. v,. • 3rd. To prevent the enemy from obtainmg the like m- forraation witn regard to our own army. In order to carry out the first duty, the enemy must be r^TAventftd from occunvinc with his Artillery any position within good range of the camp or bivouac. WMtever be the force detailed for the outposts the commanding officer of 226 At night they wUl, 3ruk be Uh tK"' ''"""8, "'« •'"y- ports. ' '"'"«> »« with the reserve of the out- ordereTto *do s^ TheTat^^i/r,'*.''"''' '"''««' 'P^'^SITy •trugglethatthev .re nn^.w!? ■?"'.''* '» "omniitted to a i poaitions H day may eometimo. nhi? ^l""' ^""^^ advanced up his Artiilerv U^fnvo^ ^*^^S® *^« enemy to brine duty by gaiS nfom^^o^^^ ^"l^^^'"? «^« «econ| and the fa"lly7b^ec^^ intentions, of the outposts line. Gum' o D^K^f^ *° }^^ ^^ ^^^«ou be^thdraVn before S Lf?tv '„ b^*'^ """«* invariably The officer commanXiTirt^]?! ^o^^promised. "^ after phidng his eun« in^L *'^!^''>' i'^ «"tpo8t dutv will ^ Jt there is sufficienrnSfiT^Kr^ " "* '"* neighborhood he willdc so as sool XSe iri""^'*""* '^^*" ** °°' i^e -ppos^ aireotionTl^entratd^^^^^^ If the ArtiUenr orTniSL J*® ^^""'^ * Part. furnished with 7n ^^tTgZJltZ '' ^"^^ be throw out vedettesrorpatrol tb^^ { Cavalry, which will a^ordin. to the nZ^^H^'ZZ'F "^k^^"^* ^^^^ A'^^ officer of Artmeiy must make. uflth«?*»' The commanding the si^lsj^hich-'wiU be m^e Tv i H^^^^ understand! be m constant communic^bn i^A ^^^^tes, and, should «ie escort. He should atJTor4^,S.^.'*^i.^?"^«^-robable be with rn. The nfonua- ulticient nmaud- it lever be se of an rmed of principle 18 force, line, in- , of Ar- t by the 3d as ex- )ected to Di other 8, should manding bne xrout Its flanks I*" 227 from sudden attack If «■ i, j* comruanding ofRcer'of SrvTlv!?"' "^^ "«' ^»de, the Jnd. r tP"T^^» which wiS thL becot?'''^ * -«connoitreH V,t """l^ *<> a --. wood, •^-^-^hrrg^ffi^.l^^g 228 gBCTIOS »• "■ ' Marehet- ADVAMOBD OOARDS. the Lin eota-""' ™f';i'rommuSUBS, to obtain mfo™^ of the enemy, '"Jff J^ ''prevent the inarch of the mam t^:ttZZMr^-^^ „ advanced guard ^-^^. 1' r'""h\t''nof atThe head of the ^^'^^VuteSSe placed new, hat not w i^ ^t^^^ akno«Ti c^ ^ on an action or ^ot, may^ ^« ^^^^^ ^e, the Axtille^ m -'^SB-^ ' »"-=-"• f troops of tne aavau » ^^^ *^lSVgua?dagdnst8urpr^^^^^^^ . 2nd. To defend the guns if attackea. REAR GUARDS. of advanomg towards It. 'T'" T precede ,t forces nforma- le main t vnll^e ' the ad- distance within a Lid he in- ^ to hring ith hold- Lery mnst ilie other as not in- kct on the be posted, I flanks of e detached if possihle, directly in owledge of must guide icort is • — ruard unless kich case the I ; with the com, instead cefore, avoid 229 on his ownresponsibihV Tht ^^''*'^^' *^^ ^^st then act endeavor to outflank th^' r^\ ^"5^^ ^ almost alwava deteched to right or left «h^/"^ i ^""^ ^^^ ArtUleW byastronge^ortof Cav^~"^^^ be accompa^ed The m • K ^^^ ^^^^' Bi^on'^^^hi^h^^/^ VarX ^'^ *^" ^*^°h ^ consist of from side to Se <»tf. "*'* *">»P«^ must never fill A . - ~^^»»^ i«.its may W-up-aon^;"S 230 •J - «i,o/.v to the column. Nothing other, BO as to avoid a «^«^^,J^^^ .-f^h c^^^ which are length of the column. ORDBBS FOB THE MARCH. ^^^on^d Offi&d Men^ ^? ^^rtder to march, the 2. Immediately » **"«^?r^e offi-Tcommanding the Ssi^Mn.O&c.«^^^J^^J>^:^^^ respective diri- tetteiy Tilth a ?"*"™J"'° I hoieee to march as weU as the Sergeant wiU naVe the wnoreui so as to expedite E^ &e., deaned and pl«ff "f 8^^ ^^, which will be their' being given over the ^"^^^S^^bSSy. nTve%',CT^i-? -«^« -ith other trooj* io'^n ^.-^rT^^-^ ^ o^^ed by the leading division. , , , . i,«Uac1 ahortlv after marching, ^!S, ^or^^^^l^^ZT^^^t^. sUghtest appear- 7. Gunners a'^^^'^^^^^^v T)art of the harness. *" jSr pS^'to carry spare ohoes and nails in their hoisiers. Nothing which are tion to the ) much at- ^on-Com- mftich, the ftnding the ictive divi- well as the in a return jter M aster [es, or camp to expedite hichwillhe ►ther troops 1. to reueve the leading r marching, ouldbe dia- iteat appear- ess. it them until le of march ; i saddles, this Lay be carried their hoistefs. 231 Nos 1 are to attendTwTaJL'',^^^^ ** ""^^ *^« *!»« manding Officer round thf dlffSen^hnitr^^^ *^^ C^^" ;re to beteC'^of^gl LsStfi.^-^^^^^^ ^^Hlipers, and kite ifeet washedTeveif irn^^^^f '^» ^^outhsl^Shed out o^ »qLio be removed or Zr '^^^^^^^ and then fed. SaddlS *c. He wiU Bl,o ame^SwhettrVH'^ ^^«» shoulders, good quality. Should the ho^^'"yl^Lp^V''l^P^^ ia 5 ^^ get the billets exchnnapT? *°P ^"^^^ crowded, he to o&er stahlei.^---^- - "^'^ ^"^ «""^« «^ <^e howes rem^Ved SECTION 7. Jmber trenches: iinr?^.,. ^^ec^ry to make gun^ ra6fe 0/ J>menHoiu. Breadth of narrow end ^^ ^ , , broad end... ,„ ^ length of pit 12 it *^ _ •••••••...., »,.... ....^^ i»i rt " ^fe:::;;::::;:::;:::::: ] s" ' " { ' ;i "" -■ '■ . ' ■ '■ -..■ I . . . I . I . . - . I I „„ . _^ 232 Breadth of do.'-at top..... | g « « bottom « ^ Breadtli of sterps inside pits 1 ^ WthofBerm from 1 foot to 2 Depth of gun-pit , ^ Height of parapet Slope of ramp) |. SECTION m^ 233 ina^^?n'\fetun\n^^^^^^ the pick-axes are Jho.ellin. and raCm^on The ^~ H two or three men woSd enAW? T? ^^ addition of thicker by earth oSt^^ froTa^^^^^^^^^ be made more men might be emnlovtl fw • ^? ^^®^*=' Two revetting theliraD^t^ .^^ ^ Wing the embrasure, employs the .Crimen mihtT'''^f ^^.*^^"*J^ ^^^ ^e^e the'^siie trencC rraC^ni^^'^T,?^ occasIonaUy, and might be lenXed/ SS g?^ "pite wfuM t ^""^^^^ epicuous ma^ • sliplfpr f,J«^^ ^^ P; , would form a con- Limber Pita. Length ■^*- ^°- widt^ at top.'.;:; ' ^1 ^ " bottom..;:::: 1 2 Depth ;;; * s « Kamps at each end7ror*i ^ ^ w'SfeotStPJJ^^,"' ^«> « '-T "{^ feet for the The above gun rite ^Lvh..! *^^ "**' •"»"««• «»de « iSSt deeper a~?;J^Si « l^f* P«™4^ may l^ timber and eodsT brushwoT*. t% »neitempon6edroof of receptacle for . 'ult^ni^lt^ZlS!^''''^ ' ""^^'^^ BAKBTx™ «... «,„ ,„,,,, ^^ ^^^^_^^ ^___^^^^^^ in certain locaHties ^0°^ "S..??l'";^«' ^«?tWor viuiio ui-ainage. Undw flioo^ « --^^^v'^-- ^-^ arrauge for effi- i ■JmJ- 234 cover bang obtained by digging a,««^i ^7^^*^\f . ^^^^^jj^^ wide trencLs between the gims, the e^vrth so obtamed oemg fbW into a parapet in &nt of the guns This parapet may advantageously be revetted and sti^ ngtheiv by fen u "" I^itervalfl should always be left for the free advarie c *: the g?ins- ~mtm *0T)i and ed oeing parapet jy fen a 'A q" the I'art X. GUNNERY. SECTION 1. Definition of Gunnvry Term. eenwae w:'^-'^ iinagin..y line p«,i„g d„wn the bo^'Sl^TM^^Se''^'-- «"« ^«'« 0^ the . ll«.6e.-The dfatJce froSthe mSz2^J %"' °^ ™^^^ ormanyothe/cMewhfnthl^hl^^rt^"" **'^'^ '»^«. Plane of Siitht — TiTa L^f^T^ ? ' the gun «re not used line of right^^ ^' ^^'*'^ P''"* PwSng through t"; -if ^': h1S!dr^e'"«'' ''"'**<' »^« »f 'ight n>.ke. 236 Line of Departure. — ^The direction in which the projectile is moving on leaving the piece ; in other words, a tangent to the trajectory at the muzzle. Plane of Departure. — The vertical plane passing through the Une of departure. Angle of Departure. — ^The angle between the line of departure and the horizontal plane. The excess of the angle of departure above the quadrant angle is commonly called the jump.* Angle of Projection. — ^The angle between the line of departure and the line of sight. Angle of Descent. — The angle which a tangent to the tra- jectory at th^ first point of impact makes with the horizontal plane. Lateral Deviation. The i)erpendicular distance of the point of impact of the projectile right or left of the plane of sight. Drift. — The constant deflection of a projectile from the plane of departure due to the rotation imparted by the rifling of the piece. It is sometimes termed denvation. Point Blank. — ^A gun is laid point blank when the line of sight is parallel to its axis. Pomt blank range is the range due to tne jumjp of the gun. Muzzle Velocity. — The velocity in feet per second with which a projectile leaves the piece from which it is fired. Remaining Velocity. — ^The velocity of a projectile at any given point of its trajectory. Striking Velocity. — The velocity of a projectile at the point of impact. Terrainal Velocity. — ^The maximum velocity which it is possible for a given projectile to acquire by falling through the air. * When a gun 1b fired the whole system has a tendency to revolve in a vertical plane round, the point ox the trail. This lifting in froBt gives rise to the " jump.'' 237 DEFINITION OP AHTTrT«»* «• TOTH BEPEBENCB TO THK .!„=„ Frontal Fire -TT, r ^^^^osxal pi«„. *'&?^^«:ffe'te^'^'"^^ to dSnJfhV "^troops oTWrks '1* Pf^ongation, or ^oZtgt^l:}t'''>^?'^''oUxl^g\l^'' "^rgo being re' troop, iS^:T.iby P?«.pete w7tAle J'Z"l«f '» dis- '»g a face I " Ricochet " is not suita' ie to rifled guns, the bounds or rico- chets of their projectilss being too irregular to be reliable. It has been superseded by curved fire with percussion fuze, the projectile just clearing the parapet or ... ..., and ex- ploding on impact jeliind them. Carved tire may be " front " or " frontal," as has T)een already mentioned. It is so when the guns fr(jm wy* jh it is obtained are placed perpendicularly to aline of troop;, face of works, or other object, and the projectile fired so sbat it will just clear an intervf-iing para- pet or other c* "^^ring mass and strike the object — ^breaching fortresses is pei formed in this manner. " Curved " or *' direct " fire, with rifled guns, may be used for enfilading; its applic.»tion depends upon the nature of the object and its position relative to the firing batteries. Enfilade curved fire will be used if tl e guns are intended to dismount oi'dnancc along a face of works protected by tra- verses, or create casualties among defenders. The siege of Duppel is a good illustration of the effectiveness of this mode of usmg curved fire. The'^Prussians enfiladed the face of the works, dismounting ordnance and creating casualties, silenc- ing the batteries, and in a comparatively short time rendering their capture easy. Enfilade direct fire will be ^ised if H is in jnded to enfilade a line of troops in the open, an^ objeci not screened by an intervening cover. The parallelogram of error in " curved" or "direct" enfilade ^le h alw<»yf more advantageous than in " curved " a: " direct froi^f ur frontal '"— — ^ - *^- object in the latter case has great depth. re, unl >3 the SECTION 2. The "^^n. The priin<*ipal v^uestions to be decide*, of Ordnai ue are tne following : — 1. The best material for oi Inance. 2. The best system of rifling. 3. Muzzle or breech-loading. in tLe construction iii 239 ^ MATERIA!, FOB OBDIIANCB. wrought iroD,«teel,SC„L"^^'™^'«''t° ««* """ ten-Siy.*^ ^"^ 8re.t ha,dne», but con.p.r.tively Jittle t«&»d'tcSir'"'''''*'^ ^""' ""» P--«- great ^^^'^^^^^^^X th^precedin, without ou^autJiontiee. '"ucx-ea unc tam m its at r ength by of TMfig™tofeSoW t •»'■« --t^-t'on V 'ught iron not only rives sunn!^. * fi.^'^*'' ?'"* ""« softer T^ 7-pr. ttountajn eun i. IL 1 ® ^"^ "« iractured ma, . w ,*[, ,j, ""™ g"» >s the only one which is euUrely BlFMlfO. The Object of rifling a g^oig_ |:?°o=:i?srgr- "t.tin^rouianaxtleprdent^t?' ^^^^ '»^™ the gun of gravity or the portioHfThe W^'T?""!"'*'*^'" rotation 18 uncertain in its ,1ir»„t7 ''ore last touched. This n caunot thereforebe^omc 'h ?' *'"^- ' deviation due to fP«rt .definite rotation to tt" 2"" T??''" f"" tl.e grooved rojectile, which is kept point first during flight by the roU- tion imparted to it by the rifling, will therefore range farther than a suhericiil one of the same weight. For inntance, if two 12-lb. shot utart with a velocity of 1,600 f.'et, the spheri- cal one (4 45 inches hi diameter) will have a remaining velo- city of 763 feet at 1,'jOO vards, whereas the elongated shot (3 inches in diameter) will have a remaining velocity of 1,166 feet at the same range. 3. Our present 9-pr. R.M.L. gun of 8 cwt. carries 40 rounds, and weighs 35 cwt. when equipped for service, and is a more efficient weapon in ever^^ way tlian the 9-pr. S.B. gun of 13i cwt., which only carried 32 rounds, and weighed, equipped for service, 40 cwt. The various systems of rifling which have been, or are now, in use, may be classed as follows : i i 1. Breech-loaders, with projectiles having soft metal coat- ing or rings larger in diameter than the calibre of the gun, and forced into the grooves on the discharge of the gun. Examples. The service Armstrong B.L., and German system. 2. Breech or muzzle-loader^ with hard projectiles depend- ing for their rotation on mechanical fit. Examples. The Whitworth and Lancaster systems. 3. Muzzle or breech-loaders, with projectiles having a sabot attached to their base which is expanded into the grooves on the discliarge of the gun. Examples. The service 6*3-inch howitzer, the new Arm- strong B.L. guns, and the 13-^t. R.M.L. gun. 4. Muzzle-loaders, with projectiles havmg studs or ribs to fit the grooves. Example. Our present R.M.L. guns. 1. The first of the above systems centres the projectile the most perfectly, i.e., it leaves the bore with its axis stable. The twist of the grooves can therefore be less than in the other systems, and the strain, both on gun and projectile, be proportionately reduced. The Armstrong system >, however from ^\e shape of the grooves and the thickness the lead coatuiii on the Droiftctilfts. oives r^nRidftrAblp. nTftssiTftP,. Tiftftd coated projectiles are liable to damage in transport and to deteii( 241 gun and projectile T^fiT^^' ?" excessive strain nn k .u t^ooves, uniform twisf i ir, li ^1 ^^^^ "fled with A ..u^ attached to ill CI' ^ ^^^^- -P-al^aped Vb^ or^ Se^^ 2,871 3,164 2,lfi9 2,801 Charire 4 IIm < k i DMBs,.! ""tFooTes 18 ereat,.r fI.L """'.y*^! .""Jess tin ' °' ™""<^ •'y tJ-^ ^-"i oft overlT:h^^°° 242 Amongst the various modifications of No. 4 system of rifling in our service are : 1. The French, applied to the 7-pr. 2. The modified French, 9-pr. and 16-pr. To recapitulate: There is less strain on a gun : the greater the number of grooves, the shallower they are and the less rapid their twist, and the more easily the projectile is started. The twist must be sharper : the longer the projectile, the less perfectly it is centred, the lower its muzzle velocity, the shorter the gun, and the longer the range at which it is intended to be used. The more numerous the grooves the shallower they may be. MUZZLE OR BREECH-LOADING. Muzzle-loading guns have been adopted in our service on account of their greater simplicity, a quality whiah is held to outweigh the advantages claimed for the breech-loaders, naioely greater coY«r tor the gun detachments and greater aocuraqy. PROPORTION OP WEIGHT TO CALIBRE. Two incompatible qualities are required from guna — the maximum of effect and the minimum of weight. The first involves the use of heavy shells with large burst- ing charges and high velocities. To obtain the velocity, large charges of powder must be used. The weight of the gun, carriage, &c., must therefore be proportionately gre^t. The second quality, which is of especial miportance in field and siege artillery, is opposed to the use of heavy charges with heavy shells. If a heavy charge is used, the shell must be light and vice versa. Hence the necessity for diflPerent calibres, and the three natures of ordnance, vi^j. t — Quni, howitzers, and mortars. ffy ^ ^^ ■ 243 SECTIONS. The Projectile. HOBOES ACTn,8 OK ^ ,r^^^^ ^ These may be bripfl. ^ "'' '^ «W. ay be bnefly «nmin^ „p ^ f„„^^^ . of the groove? th^ "" V Projectile the heater f K. bye effect on the projecai^''Tbr«»' **"* ««rts a de8tr„„. -...™.« oe..een them "eing ^iS, {[j^^^, ^^^«J 244 throughout the hore, although the maximum pressure is much less ; the facility with which the projectile can move, leads to less powder being burned before it starts, and the total pres- sure in the bore is therefore somewhat less. If a projectile is not perfectly centred in the bore it is liable in its passage through it to be driven violently from side to side of the bore, it is thus unduly strained, and its axis becomes unstable. 2. FORCES ACTING ON A PROJECTILE DURING FLIGHT. The chief forces acting on a projectile during its flight are: ^ a. The foice oi projection. h. The force of gravity, c. The resistance of the air. If a projectile were acted on by the force of projection alone, it would (by the first law of motion) proceed in a straight line and pass over equal spaces in equal times. The force of gravity, however, causes the projectile to* fall with a constantly accelerating velocity, so that, were it moving in vacuo, it would describe a curve instead of a straight line. This curve is a parabola. But the resistance of the air, which, according to Professor Bashforth's experiments, varies approximateljr as the cube of the velocity,* the square of the diameter and inversely as the weight, further vanes the form and renders the calculation of the elements of the trajectory a complicated mathematical problem. Most practical questions cm, however, be compar- atively easily worked out oy means of Professor Bashforth's tables. It is evident that (the resistance of the air varying aa — ) if two projectiles are of equal diameter and start with W the same muzzle velocity, the heavier will lose its velocity * For velocities between 1,100 arid 1,400 f.8., for higher v( velocities at a higher power than the cube. velocities tho ~. 245 Gun. J2-pr. 8.B.... 12-pr. B.M.L. JMuzzle Velocitj. ^nge and Eleratl on. 1,769 1,700 ^^\^i^\&& yaSiVoTld U > ^ ^^^^^'^^ ^' t^e two projectiles .t [im 12.pr. S. B. 12-pr.R.M.L. - " fi06F.S. ^ The momentum nf f I, J i "" ^'^^F.S. The weight of a rifled projectile n.n ^ • The 1 I ""'"*'* "^ *•« d3y 246 np its velocity the longer. In practice, however, shells «re made of greater length than shot, to compensate for their smaller density. The density of a shot may be increased by making it of heavier material. A case shot, therefore, filled with iron balls would be a less powerful projectile than one of similar weight filled with lead balls. The resistance of the air also varies according to the shape of the head of tie projectile, a flat head meetme with most resistance, and an ogival head (the form adopted in our ser- vice) the least. Of other causes which affect the flight of rifled projec- tiles, the Mowing may be noticed : d. The rotation due to rifling. e. The rotation of the earth. d. A projectile fired from a rifled gun has a permanent deflection or " drift " in the direction of it» rotation. This is chiefly due to the fall of the projectile by gravity, causing the air to be more dense underneath it than at the sides and top, and thus forming a cushion on which it rolls. The guns in our service have a right-handed twist ; the Srojectiles therefore drift to the right, the amount of drift epending on the speed of rotation. Any cause, therefore, which diminishes the speed of rotation (such as unsuitable form of head, instability of axis, &c.) will also diminish the drift. . . ^ V In service guns the drift is corrected by the msertion of the tangent scale at an angle to the left instead of vertically. e. The rotation of the earth affects the deflection of projec- tiles to a certain extent. The question has be^n investigated mathematically, and it is found that in the northern hemi- sphere the deflection is always to the right, in whatever direction the gun may be fired. YABIABLE rORCES ACTING ON A PROJSCTILS, AH the above forces and causes of deviation vdll already have ■« ..-_£_< ...i^Ayl ««/1 fl.oiv txffcAi^^a ■nni'a.A tk.nA u}} nVJfil\ fnT', nfifor« & gun is issued for service ; they will not, therefore, come. 247 mnder the cognizance of the practical cunner TliAr*» .,o however, other causes of deviation whifh mn«V kTI "®J and corrected to ensure accurate shooting ^"^^ ^ "^^'^^^ Ihe following are the principal ones :-- /. Variability of the charge, due to— 1. Incorrect weighing 3. State of the atmosphere, especiaUy as re- ^T ' r..J^^^ moisture. ^ J' « re ^* th?K ""^ '^*'' ^"""P^^ ^y *^« «^rtri« entrencbuentr&c ) thet?,f nf ^^"^^ ^^'''^ ^o™^ (field ing obstacle sdd be the nl/"''"?^*' <"• "^^^ ^^-ver- limber9,&c, the sheik !ho«1/ni?i"'"''f *'•, Against guns, iBg£wdowninaXapett tali^r'','^ **' ^^^U^b^r^t- op a certain amounHf ^rth wW k • * "^^^'S* ' *«? t^row into its original pUce ' * "* ^P* '" ^"^ >»* "goi" H.L. percussion fuzes should be ,i««^ «•„. tv.- fire whenever practicable RT % x *'' "«'*"•« "f bursting on the Var«i,S^»;^ 7 '?^' "'" "^ SF^ze, shells ing short) wZlthTLttj 1^" '?*'="* ftose'burstf material iehind it ^'""'''^ *«»^^' t^e men and B. SHRAPMBI, SHBLt of Ifety^^'^hty d™1„d"for°?r'^ T* °* «"« P-^o-el velocity of tie balls WdSf"i*^f' ^ff^^'/n the striking on bursting. The hither 'hf 3 Jr^P^*^ ^'""^ *« ^telfi ±1 •?--. -' .oSy^s 'the^teftrr. l-«^_Lt''« grelK S thrpenelXe'pSSth^ f«" "^ll^^ A^S ae b„„ting^,«,g, oPaX;^^ra\t"uS^-t 250 more than sufficient to open it,' or the balls will be disDereerl to too great an extent. The ione of dispersion of oSTeld sl^apnel has been found to be about 8« at medium ?Lges I^n k' *°,.«*y»/ fro^t of 14 yards would be covered bv« eheU bursting 100 yards short, knd so on in proportion ^ Time fuzes are nearly exclusively used with shrapnel • as rTducS'rr ^"'^^ r ^^lyi-.the velocity ofTheJhen Wstlmr ^L tll^*'^» v"* ^ '^ "«^» ^^«^ ^^^ gr«2e before oflhrip'aFei.'^'"'^*^'^ '^' limit the effective range 1. The peiietrative power of the balls. 2. ^e time of burning of the fuze. ?• ^« angle of descent of the sheUs on bursting. foifP.. f7 **^^ 'i for granted that a ball whi^ will per- forate or lodge m a 2.inch deal target would kill or dLSwe We will assume 600 feet per second to be the lowest it vlVfoVXt'"'^!^' ^ V^^ ^^^^^- The reS lr.5 TS w7 1 ^^^ ^"P^- slirapnel at 4,000 yards is 626 i s Jhf ± J^t^^-P"* ** ^>2^ y«^^« ^ 617 f.s As fur then ai Ini^ *i''^?''^P''^^^«^ *^« ^11« is conceru.^, the sheik wiU V effective at these ranges when burst witMi m yards it if fil?.r*Vf ^H V'^ ^■^^- ^«> «^ ^-ithin 75 y^rds of ll^^ZV;'.^o^^' '^^^ heavier the shell the^olg:.' •r,^*- "^^^ ^^* ^^ ^^® ^•^^°- ^"'« ill tl»e 16-pr. is 3,100 yards tT4^anL'n?\^''^f?^^- WithalS^e?. fuze theS-* and S.L '^P^^'f. ""r *^'«^ ^^ ^ increased to 4,2(K) ana ^,800 yards respectively. '>-6vv effL of ^sbr£?.r/ if •?• ^^' considerable influence on the tfJt o\ «l^»Pnel. If It IS great, the lower part of the cone prevented 'fd'JS^ *' '^'^ "" obtuse angle^that ricochet i! ^ZTahJf li^ upper part of the cone covers but little pound before the graze of the balls. At 2,000 yards the ancle of dee^ep* «* ♦>»- ifi_ -i--" • -- ^jj^ yaras rne 9-pr. 6« 37-; tie lower ^-ot^ »ne*wo«ld1herefSe "«h the ground «t 10? 'itnd 10» 37' reBpeTyeKd ^e 251 velocity of the balls would be weatly reduced after ricochet As the range and angle of Sescent increwe the retanfit*; force of the^mze alao'increases, tiU at 4'^ ^a^^^^ the ^Sf "^^^f^^^^ojthe lower part of the cone wouia be about 200 and the balls would hardly ricochet at all ^^ » Table r shows how much more difficult is the use of n»^ cusnon as compared with time shrapnel .TULZ™ '^-?^y,°/'''<">«°gi^«>''«med- " fa^ «s mere Table I. PerouMion shnpnel. BanffM ydi. 1,000 1,800 1,600 8,000 aisoo Q Ann Bant ihort. Effeotire. Bad. Ranges, from 20 to 100 40 ;; aoto 70)25 n u f« IS to 60 10 to 25 6 to 15 20 12 10 over 170 " 14C " 100 " 60 " 30 TdS. 1,000 1,300 1,600 2,000 2 300 Time skr>^pii«i. Bunt short. Bffectiye. O Bad. from 10 to 160 100 ortr " 10 to 120 80 "229 " 10 to 110' 80 I « 190 ' 10 to 100 80 '« 170 p 262 Table II. Burst short. J^pr. Angle of deBcent o / a 29 8 10 8 M 4 48 f 88 6 87 7 88 8 46 » M 11 10 12 34 13 68 15 28 17 6 18 60 Height. ft. 10.4 9.8 12.8 14 8 17 9 21.0 16.0 18.5 20.9 23.6 26.5 22.2 24.6 27.6 80.7 0. OASa SHOT. 400 yards, LorL^L he'=^^ ^'^^ 300^? even ground is most favorable for it. ^°''''^- ^"^ SEOTICN 5. Artillery Fire, WELD AHTILLBBT. The projectilea of FiVM A«*,'n shrapnel, and case shot, its ta ^trit? *'® ''f^^^" shells, &c eithep in the open or '^^t^ *^^^ field-works, entrenchmenta «i,Ti. ^i.^®® covered, and also would, as a -1- K? -- u ^^ buildings. Thi. %w. Sz!: --.- --^., .. a.,5Citeu uy shrapne; the three lastly ->k.iAA««i.^L^^.^,^.^ 268 S?" *.Sht";k«t tZT' Y,^f' '«^ «- ^^ pro- would generiSy i?\XToTS"m„™''Jjr '''"''* S-ns, ftey the troom covered b/X^rthworL Th-V; "«' '"/'"'"A bon of tie earthworL themselv^ ''" ** ^^'^"'=- ■4. S*TOj»n«J SA««. SWnel is par exctMnct the field artillflrv «, f .-i Tl ; chi.r points that reouire «tt«ntj "^"^^^, projectile, the beat re-Slta witu it aTb^ briX uti^" ""^If *" "•""" a. Thp vice nf ih„ „„ r^J ""'*" " follows :— TOa involve, "c^'efui&uSn f «»"«<=% P^rfonned. •specialljr in the Suo^l S -°^ *^' 8"° detachment, 1. La ying. oflhe^cUr^f: ■""" I«''i'=>^ly the uniform i«„n,i„g Urae 3. BorinBoffuzee. 0. The elevation i r the mnoo /~. , must be corre, 'y aacertoinS^^ 4S "-f.^ ° V''"*''^^ exactly with ''.at^giviri^^.t* „„Ji^. J^" '^M""" JK^" ^tur^ngcau., entioned ^V^.'^^'T^r.l^yVtl dJ^encr/,;7ei%^»£. rd* t '' «*-» '» -"-' diSii*""EferrdSfinXTT '''' '^^""Wcpreaaure (equivalent to 1,W0 Tet fa hpilnP""""^ \ °»« in^h burning of a tntehvl " W.'A^f «*««« *!•« time of ui-acDice at ShoehnrvnoDo -.T ' ^^^^ ^uss aie baaed upon fc.tte.ea wiu ofu^"sr'inrsra«c 1:^'^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // {./ ^ ,.v V- m ^/^ 4. ^ •^ /. «^ 1.0 I.I Ui|28 |2.5 u lift lit u u Ii25 i 1.4 2.0 1.6 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRIIT WEBSTSR.N.Y. MSSO (716)873-4503 ^ #^^\ ^ >^\ ^y. '^ ^^V ^ ;\ 'O" .A W6^^ Ci> ^ '4S •v- r o 2M ^V^. \7^^ S,T^^'^ » th, tnne of b„™. It will tM?;lver^r;orUel""r '^ T^'^y "^^o^- of the bum lu^,u ?rom ^he t^'T"^""' 'f^'^.^^nc^ can b« any certaintv «K ?. ^?i' '^^ ""'^ P^ ^t there of, or beyond th°tCtinH T^^'fi-'' '"""^ ^'"»' *ort done unlL the bUK r^p.^^J^efc'""" """^' ^ ruI^Se'SJeMy*.^ 7,A,^^ P^^- '^onli, „ . •6 follow^ two ro«^ ,u^S' "^ ^-^yon. Ule «me elevition and fSw '- * ''""y' ^^^^ '^* 'ha len%h"of tfb^.Zl°„!S|j;l*°a 'S"' '??■"' '!«««' *»» "«rved to burst over^^ ,2... '.i,'^*' *^ « »heU is ob- graduation ' **" ^'^"'* ""• '^xg'h of fme by one gn!d«SfonM\^°CeZSl'lr.,*''*. ^"i^"^ "^ f"~ by* mth this Wh off uJ "* ''""'' •'"'"! *«» go on dedde'wttherX"^ bit,." .* V°^" " ^^"^^ "> "r^lt"' «?<»,,«'» Pr"eed«'Sl*°'* " °^"' "^"'=« *« 9-iM-. Oun at 2,200 Forci*. Knmbor of ronnd. 1 8 4 ObMrred poiitton of bunt over (+) Bhort ( — ) observed, distance 'nt there irst short Iways be lid, as a US made nrith the ease the 1 is ob- I by one ze by a go on Icult to ace the ursting sTation 255 The distance between the bursts of the fuzes bored at 12 and 13, should be about 146 yards. The two first rounds both being over, shows that theu* mean burst must have been some Lttle distance in rear of the target, and 12 fuze would therefore probably bring the burst within the effective limit of the shiapnel at this range (90 yards). If, however, the mean burst of the two first rounds happened to have beer close in rear of the target, that from 12 fuze consequently about 140 yards m front of it, and therefore beyond the effective limit, Uiis length of fuze must nevertheless be retained, as the Boxer Q-sec. fuze does not admit of finer adjustment. It is important to bear in mind that, on the burst of a shrapnel shelly the medial line of the cone of dispersion falls below the trajectory, the shell would have followed had it not burst, hence, to secure the greatest effect, slight additional elevation to that due to the range should be given. The amount of additional elevation requisite will increase with the distance of burst from the object fired at. The more distant the object the closer up should the shrapnel be burst B, COMMON SHELL. It is ad^ble, when circumstances permit, to ascertain the correct devation by a fire of common shell with percussion fuzes. The bursts of the common shell are more easily ob- served than those of the shrapnel, and less ammunition and time will therefore be expended in the process The follow- ing rbased upon the system laid down in the German practice regulations) will be found a quick method of ascertaining the correct elevation : — Begin with the elevation (yard scale) for the estimated or measured range. If the shell falls short (or over) increase (or reduce) the elevation by 100 yards at a time, till a shell fsUs over (for under). Then reduce (or increase) the last elevation by 60 yards, and fire a few rounds. If another correction is required, increase or reduce the elevation by 25 yards. If half the number of rounds fired, with any given eleva- tion, fall short, it shows that the mean point of impact of the eenes is at the foot of the target. 256 _ 0. mmo AX Movrao objbots. advisable to^Sin'^„'!*f° "P. « Position, it i, Jway, objects in its fro^ in oXTbe .T «»» "P'«»^« =S of^^.^.nin«the „nge o/ ff t%S',^ g^: - -^ ;Jow KtatS?o^«J»athe batten, ^ ^^ . " Wore! b"^thmo"Sti'„?JL'™'" ""> '»««'?, begin " a round short, or a Mt tbin -5*2 n«««88aiy until thSS 1»7 01 the htl VtKl^* "^"^ «>« fr»»' of the batterv to exercise Ct ig'"^"'!!SfT"^'"''y ^''"^"e teW m mind that it S notlf.ffi • .™P»'''»»' wbioct. b-Srina correctly, but tW the pJ^SmSL^T'^T- *» 1« aW'eTSf requisite correction^ uS'^!ri"'-w 8^°' application o'? raajr arise, is of equil Cort^ce^ "^k? P^T'tances th^t attoi^ble by consUt Se "*• ^'^ " »% thoroughly theZelvS"""' "^o'"^''' -"^^ve the elTectof evexy r„„nd ^ ne graduations on the tangent scale are only apprc.in.a- to mnTl2lV^^^J''ltf7--J-'^%^.^^^^r.^i^ of fuze "=" '" *""""' »"'" wiiable to variation 257 ftt; SS. ^Z^J^^ Igf S"^? ■'» «lt« a« elevation greater oJ l^t^Xt l^"a7ve'^„'Xf ^*» ''« SECTION 6. Hang^i Finding. 25S NATURAL TANGENTS TO A BASE OF 100. Dg.m B'gel MEASURE DISTANCES USING TABLES. If tvo sextants are used it will facilitate the operation. Suppose A. X. to be the distance required, and A. B. the base, which must be carefully measured. Two men place themselves one at each end of base, the man at A. having set the index of his =«-.»ativ ah ?j\j' Hjovesmiuocii uack or lorwuxi ('a pa^ or so only is generally required) or the man at B, is made to move until he is reflected im- 46 68 8T 1906 29 61 74 97 020 44 69 94 2120 47 74 2202 31 60 91 259 m«^tely above the oMect X., the line A. B. wiU then hn *f r^ht angles to A. X. 'Aie man at B. h^ng sTthe ind« ?f ^nvL^'??***?'^^^^^' •* ^' through the^learghSs and TJZ^^^ mdex screw until the obfect A. is re/edS Si- ONE SEXTANT WITHOUT TABLIS. , If one sextant only is used, it ia set at 90° at A A fi«l, injT reel measured in yards is stuck in the »^ound at A bv ^ spike shewed miu the butt of a fishing rolo? other nifc ^""^he* Usr' Th flin"^' *^^ pole seifing^o'i^r ttt lo,»«fif I. ' ^® " ^^^ 100 yds- or any convenient length by an assistant at right angles to A. X The m*i *f A- with sextent corrects t& manitt B.^gt^t^g hS reflj^ti over X Sticks his sword or a lance iL the gformd at A if no staff has been provided for the fishing re?Wi3kB to B ^i^}"! M ' •^^^^ ^^^^ ^- " reflect^ed over B Thfn N.B.--Angle X = 90— 100 1,200 i,aoo 1,400 1,500 1,000 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200 2J0O 2^400 8,800 2,000 2,700 2800 2,900 3,000 3,100 I.DO. 8,l00 8,400 3.600 Eleratlon. 2 2 2 3 3 ^ 3 08 4 18 4 40 5 2 6 24 5 47 6 10 6 34 8 09 7 8S 7 82 8 20 8 48 9 18 9 49 10 21 10 03 11 27 seconds. 0.25 0.60 0.80 1 06 1.35 1.70 1.06 2.25 2.60 2.85 3.20 3.65 3.85 4.10 4.40 4.70 6.10 0.40 6.80 . 6.15 6.60 6.90 7.30 7.70 8.10 8.60 8.90 9.30 9.80 10.30 10.80 11.40 12.00 12.70 19 AK • Common Shell bttiitf Ilcbter farther with the •m&vrSooi. tommxm aheU will b« 4^ 18'. i 200 800 400 600 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1.200 1,800 1,400 1.600 1.600 1.706 1,800 1.900 2,100 2,200 2.8D0 2,400 2,600 2,700 2.800 3,000 3,100 *Th .r^?2S ww«. about 100 yards Thus at f,000 yards the eleration fSr 263 -^'^oustul^^^^^^^ correapondin. to and tangent bar. ^ ^ graduations on the range-plate These graduations, however, have nnlv *« . value, as the data upon whirh Vhat « ?^ ?^ approximate by experimentalised out at sLm ^'^ ^"^" ^^^^^^^ condifions of wither iZdpr ^f^^^^^^esa under certain atmospheric conS Ctli of\*'y ^'^^ * ^^^*"«« ^^ would probably necSAfJ . ? Powder, or age of fuze a-aguCTroS^^^^ i-^«4 «Pon mereljr use fii diiretion L Sinr?r^*^S*^'"^ PJ^^^^^^ n^ust always rationa and LnXoTfL^L U "^8^«^r?«^ the given ele! xeuguia 01 fuze as he may conaider pecwaaiy. ^^-'.3; 264 S. B. 9R0NZB GUNS AND HOWITZERS. N^atiir^. V ^ -a Elevations and times of flight. • mm PB. h"" 1° U° 2° 2^0 lb. oz. cwt. qr. 6-pr. 1 8 6 336 468 643 763 92C 1019 •^ » •8" 1-4" 2"- 2-4" 2-9" 3-4" 9-pr. 2 8 13 311 490 688 806 955 1052 12-pr. How. •6" 1-4" 2"' 2-4" 2-8" 3-5" 1 4 6 199 309 404 627 626 721 •7" 1-4" 1-6" 1-9" 2-1" 2-7" 24.pr. 2 8 13 273 393 616 661 785 873 •8" 1-2" 1-7" 2-2" 2-7" 3'3 N^ature. 6 Elevations and times of flight. 3« 3^° 4° 5° 1450 6-6" 1641 6"- 1126 5"- 1381 6-6" 6«> 6-pr. 9-pr. 12.pr. How. 24.pr. lb. oz. 1 8 2 8 1 4 2 8 cwt. qr. 6 13 6 13 1070 4'- 1148 4-2" 776 3-5" 941 3-7" 1202 4 4" 1293 4-5" 881 3-8" nil 4-2" 1280 4-6" 1475 5- 2" 1022 4-3" 1208 4-6" 1600 6-6" 1784 r- 1293 . 6"- 1486 6"- 265 RANQK TABLE=».-n«nM#frf.) 18 For. G«rrlion 8. B. Oun.— 38 or 42 Cwt«. Charge, Iba. •, i 2^0 1019 9" 3-4" 1052 8" 3-5" 721 1" 2-7" 873 7" 3-3 3 6^ 50 1600 6" 6-6" 41 1784 • nit. 26 1293 t^ 6"- 81 1486 6" 6"- SnOT AND Shrapnkl 8HKLL. . — ■ ■ — -.1— -I Com MOW Shell. Rakof. EUTATION, FrzE. Elevation. FI7ZK. Yards. Deg. Iiiohes. Deg. luchei. 300 400 P. B. P. B. BOO Jl 600 '■ ' .2 700 . ^ 800 1 .2 l' J3 900 1 .3 n .4 1000 1 .4 1 .S 1100 1 .B 1 .6 1200 2 .6 2 .7 1300 1400 ii .7 .8 i! .7 1000 3 .» 3^ .9 1600 Si t.O 3^ 1.0 1700 4 1.1 4 1.1 1800 4i 1.2 ^ 1.2 1900 6 1.3 V 1.3 2000 Bi 1.4 6 1.S 2100 , 6 l.B 7 1.7 2200 ^ 1.6 14) 2300 7 1.7 SJ 2400 8 1.8 2000 9 19 2600 10 2.0 266 BANGE TABLES.-iContinuea.) 40 Por. B.L. Gun—Charge, 5 lbs,-ProJectile, Common Shell. Mean Elevation due to each 100 yards of Range. Tds. 100 300 800 400 600 COO 700 MO 900 SOOO 1100 1200 1800 1400 1600 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2 H M fa o deg. m. sec. 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 10 21 33 45 68 12 27 42 57 13 29 46 3 .85 .65 .95 .25 65 3 21 3 39 8 67 4 15 4 33 4 51 5 9 1.85 2.15 2.45 2,76 3.05 3.35 3,70 4.00 4.80 4,65 4,95 5.30 6.60 5.95 6,30 OS H H inches. .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .85 .40 .50 .55 .60 .65 .75 .80 .85 .95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.20 1.25 H s H OQ Yds, 2100 2200 2300 2400 2600 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 8100 3200 3300 3400 8600 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 deg. Til, 6 27 6 45 6 4 6 2 O m 13 cq 1^ » K H O so a H o inches. 1.85 1.40 1.45 1.65 1.60 1.70 1.76 1.85 1,90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2,25 2,30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.75 2.8S APPENDIX. DISCIPLINE. . -^ ArtTuej;; arltp^enidt" ^"' *^ «"'="""'^°' "^ Canadian 1. Commanding Officer. The expression "commandinB officer" ai uwA i„ *i,» tTfh""" /""^A™? Act, 1881, rllattog to " Cou^mZm" custom of t service, to deal with a charge aeainst that person of hav..g committed an oifence, tE, ?fd£pose of O R ^Z T '^'^'^^^ '' ''^'' '' *« ^ superior aHority y. K. sec. VI., para. 12, note. «u.,iiuii^jr. 2. Summary Punishment > „i?;^.^'°P™°?^«°*. '^*l' or without hard labor, not ei- In the case of absence without leave exceeding seven days 268 the imprisonment may be extended to the same number of dayg as the days of absence, not exceeding twenty-one days in the whole. (h.) In ihe case of drunkenness a fine not exceeding ten shillings, according to scale. The award, \vhen prescribed by the scale, is compulsory.' (c.) In the case of absence without leave, not exceeding five days, deprivation of pay for every day of absence. Note. — If the absence exceeds five days the commanding oificer will make no award, a.s, in such case, all ordinary pay for evpy day of absence is, under the provisions cf the Royal warrant, forfeited without award. (d.) Any deduction from ordinary pay allowed by eec. 138, sub-Bee. 4 or 6, Army;^Act,U881, to be made by a commanding officer. A commanding officer may also award the following minor punishments : — (e.) Confinement to barracks for any period not exceeding twenty-eight days, which carries with it punishment drill to the extent of fourteen days, the taking of all duties in regular turn, attending parades, and being further liable to be employed on duties of fatigue, at the discretion of the commanding officer. Every award of confinement to bar- racks for fourteen days, and under, is to carry with it pun- ishment drill, which in the mounted service, is to be " kit drill" and in the infantry "marching order." (f.) Extra guards or piquets; but these are never to be ordered as a punishment except for minor offences or irregu- larities when on, or parading for, these duties. Any of the above punishments may be awarded severally or conjointly, subject to the following provisions : — 1. When imprisonment eiceeduig seven days is awarded for absence witnout leavej a minor punishment must not be given in addition to the imprisonment in respect of the oifencc of absence. 2. Aii^ award of imprisonment, up to seven days, indusive, wiU be in hours ; exceeding seven days in days. 3. When an award includes imprisonment and a minor 2fi9 wing minor punishment, the latter will take effect at the termination of the imprisonment awarded. 4. A single award of punishment, including imprisonment and confinement to barrack;', will not exceed twenty-eight days. 5. A soldier undergoing imprisonment or confinement to barracks may, for a fresh oft'ence, be awarded further pun- ishment of imprisonment, or a minor punishment, or both, to commence as above specified, provided that no soldier shall be imprisoned by summary award for more than seven consecutive days (except for absence without leave) and that the whole extent of consecutive punishment, including im- prisonment and confinement to barracks, shall not exceed fiity-six days in the aggregate. 6. Defaulters are not to be required to undergo ny por- tion of their punishment drill or confinement to barracks which may have lapsed by reason of their being in hospital or employed on dutv. Vide Q. R. sec vi., para. 42. Attention is also directed to sec. 43 as to how punishment drill is to be carried out. 3. Non-commissioned oflicers, including acting non-commis- sioned officers, are not to be subjected to summary or minor punishments, but they may be reprimanded, or severely re- primanded, by the commanding officer. When an offence committed by a non-commissioned officer is of such a nature as to require admonition only, it should not be entered against him in the defaulters book. Acting and lance non- commissioned officers may be ordered by a commanding officer to revert to their permanent grade, but are not liable to a summary or minor punishment in addition. A private soldier may be admonished, but is not to be rej>rimanded. Vide Q. R., sec. vi., para. 44. 4. The attention of commanding officers and others is also directed to paras. 45 to 69, Q. R. sec. vi. with reference to the administration ofdiscipline, and also to the provisions of the Militia Act. sees. 75 to 90, and K. and 0. 1883, paras. i04i to 1049. It will be generally found that, ' xcept when corps are called out for continuous service, c;iceeding the ordinary 270 S/^SS'^'ete^^^ MHtU Act, re- such minor punishinents a7«L?i! ^''""'^' '^ addition to able f„. appLtion„ntre\t°;?i,f/^TSer^' ^"''- OmCEKS COMMANDING BATTERIES. inttM„~„rafd' cLt^^^^ '-^ '-P»"-W« for its to 866 that alTd«t"esa?6 c^?rilf '"t^/if P"""''"-- ^•'^ that all orders and ?6BuSt?on, ^?. !,k T'S^ ^"'l ^^ ' respect; and that -n ,1.* ™ '"'' adhered to in everv regimentalSSri* ,\rictlv?..'''r ' H' '''^'' """"P^'e m th^ have no .H^l'tll^tl^'^^^l IC'"'' ""'' "»' »efeeTr„\f,„tf J thet'^-^Tand accoutre- so once a wee^ E f, iL'TT'''" "■*•' '^ ^^alternsdo of all clothing. ™*^" '" supenntend the fitting sion:dyX"nd''»en"f*tt E^''* '^^'''^ "on-commis- «U biiu connected ^th the me«,»/^i'-^'° P^"^"" '» ««"'« other clai. .of trad^ln anTsr|.a^p:„*°or«".?^y «" We IS personally acconntflWr / !? ^^ *"® Battery, accoutrements, cloVnTand t^Lc i i ' ?'™'' ammunition, division. s::&r^^t?"^^Jr--vou^^ SUBALTERN OFFICERS. l4e'ot^B"a?tS;7o^lSX'£lfblr*°r,"'^^^ exp^tedaclo.6 atfentiont'^SScV^afed^X^ Jea^eTf.^f d'rnLTnr'dn'Ln«„^j:,»i' ^W-t W- wHi 6uawe them to act aa instrucro'Cand th^^^lt'l^^ 271 required to assist in the course of instruction by giving^ lectures on ammunition, gunnery and artillery, &c. They are responsible for everything connected with their divisions, and are to send in a weekly report to the officer commanding the Battery. Vide Form A. A Subaltern is to be detailed for duty, daily or weekly^ as orderly officer, during which period he will not leave camp or banacks without leave from the officer commanding. He will perform ihe daily routine of duties as specihed in Form B, and send in his report at office hour, on the day following. The Orderly Officer w ill inspect the rations of bread, meat and forage aaiiy at the hour of issue, and if they are found of bad or inferior quality, he will at once notify the Quarter- master who will cause a Board to assemble. If the rations are condemned by the Board the Quartermaster will take the necessary steps to purchase a fresh supply. The pro- ceedings of the Board will be forwarded for the information of the officer commanding as soon as possible after the sitting. Subaltern Officers wishing to exchange duties are to for- ward a memorandum to that effect, signed by both officers, to the officer commanding, or, in his absence, to the Adju- tant^ and duties are not to be exchanged without the sanction of either of those officers. All Subaltern Officers will attend the morning drills of their Batteries, and the orderly officer those of the afternoon as well. OFFICERS IN GENERAL. 7. All officers are to consider exactness of time at parades andl Sosts of assembly as one of the first principles of military uty, and are earnestly enjoined, by strict adherence to all orders, to set an example of good order and military disci- pline to every soldier under their command. They are to make themselves acquainted with the Militia Regulations, Army Act, Queen's Regulations, and all General, are to have a copy in their possession. Ignorance of orders, mil never be admitted as an excuse. 272 h-ItlJZ!'^''^^' ^"^ i- '** non-commissioned officers with when T' i "-^^^P^^anding them in the presence of the men neglect .iZrlhVr'tV",^ ^although^ no misconduc?^o? aiuHnit ^^ overlooked, they are required to be very cautious in placmg them under arrest. ^ ererv ^mTn In'^h' ^^'^°Jr^^': acquainted with the names of aI.J ^ "^•*^® Battery to which they belon<^, and en- acted'' Wir.^?'T * knowledo^e of his di./osition °and char- actei. When they reprimand a soldier, thev will on nn n^ allow him to make an answer on parade Uiticers signing documents are to put their recrimental rank tutti/ ^^f *'"^ ^""^^^ ^ '^ '' ^^ hl^e brtel Oorm i 1^ f^T the regimental rank, the name of their Corps should a so be added in their own handwriting. In the like manner, in visiting the men's rooms or tents fr^LZf::^ fat the beds o? bHnkets are Mded, .rm^ arranged, and clothmg disposed according to order. Oflicers in command are to take care that Divine Service and IllS/"^"™"'' ^V^" *'°»P' ""der their comS! and aU officers are recjmred to attend Divine Service at the ^l\1P"v1':2'4'^ *'•'* *« '"'diers of the denomi! S™ ^R S^V^'^ ^'fK «« marched. Officers wiU w7ar wH^LT^^^vT ^"i '^''^ °* *^'«'«>« m»»' ''6 made in wntn,g through the officer commanding the Battery ar/th^ Teu'l '^'*'''' °' *''' •^P"'^*"* '•"^« absent St*ri4s Uchment, officers are unmediately to report their arrival n^°!'^.??::L!?.?-'»y.8''"°«'? ?'. divers .sservants,'the ^ ..v,x^^ oaii-^iiuiicu a:i an mauii^euce. Anniication fnr a servant must be made to the Officer commaniiSg ti the names of 273 Officers are required to furnish themselves with the latest editions of the undermentioned books, viz. : — " The Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Army." " Regulations and Orders for the Militia." " Manual for Field Artillery, Canada." " Manual of Artillery Exercises, 2 vols." (Garrison, only.) ** Field Exercise and Evolutions of Infantry." " Rifle Exercise and Musketry Instruction." " The Artillerists' Manual (Griflith's^, or the Handbook for Field Service." SERGEANT MAJOR. 8. He must be an example of activity and soldier-like con- duct. He must exact prompf obedience to his orders, and instantly correct any want of energy or exertion which he may observe. He should make himself acquainted with every man's name, character, temper, and abilities. He must be very diligent in informing himself of every part of his duty, strictly correct in the execution of it, and by his manly, soldier-iike conduct, zealous activity, and a due regard to the feelings and comfort of those under him, set an example to the rest of the non-commissioned officers. He will bring any irregularity among the non-commissioned officers, whether at the Sergeant's Mess or otherwise, at once to the notice of the Adjutant. He is to keep a roster for the duties of all non-commis- sioned officers, detail all duties, g^"e out the daily orders to the Battery orderlies as soon after ' ney are published as pos- sible, and he must exact from the non-commissioned officers performing this important duty the same degree of attentioa as when on parade. He is to visit the regimental guard room frequently, and. see that it is kept clean, and that the written orders for the guard are perfectly legible. He is to furnish a list of all nrisoners confined to the T)risoners' room- jnain cruard qt^ police station, to the Adjutant daily. He is to parade all guards, escorts and orderlies, and ascer- tain that they understand tlieir orders, — particularly the rate 274 tie orderlies and theirZrs/s on f^''^' ?"^ ^« *« ^^^P^^t receives the ansv.er or acknowled^lpnf^ f^^"^ when "^ he . AU parses for non-commissTonP^^ffi ""^ '^' "'"•^'^^g^- f gaed on the back by tKl terv i^"""' ? - ^'"^ ^'^ *^ ^« to being submitted to^the officers Lnfl'*"r ^T""^ P^«^«"« They will attend at the ShvZ^!!'^^"^ Batteries. «»ae • genenJ chuxe aS^'f^'f^,.^.*" <»«5«d. «,d not sharao .ZTT? .1 „ '^*'> caused -narge against the Batterer. He is to be 275 a.ssisted by the Nos. 1 of Subdivisions, and non-commissioned otticers m rooms and stables. He is to keep an exact accoimt of the distribution of the barrack bedding, so that, in the event of any loss, it cannot come as a general charge against the Battery. ORDERLIES. '"^ 10. Garrison Orderlies are always to parade in Field Day Mounted Orderlies and Trumpeters in attendance on Ueneral Officers on parade turn out in the same order as that m which the troops parade, except when the troons are m marching order. In this case— on ordinary J?ield Days-Orderlies turn out in Field Day order, and only carry the complete equipment of marching order when the artacles are required for actual use— as on fine of march, &c. Ihe credit of the corps is affected by the conduct of Non- commissioned Officers or men on mounted orderly duty • therefore no irregularity in any Oiderly, however trifling will ever be overlooked. **' .When an Orderly is required to « turn out," whether by night or day, he must do so with the gi'eatest smartness, and 18, unless otherwise ordered, to proceed at once to the Ser- geant Major, who will give him his orders. A Mounted Orderly is on no account to stop on the road neither IS he to cany any other than the message or letter committed to his charge, which he is to deliver to the person to whom It IS sent, or to some trustworthy person deputed to receive it. (F«f« also Queen's Regulations, Sect.VlI.. Paragraphs 189-190.) » «*- . rxi., NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND MEN. ll.FromNon-Commissioned Officers is expected thestrictest attention to aU their duties, the greatest sobriety and iPgn- iaiiijr 01 conduct, and care as to dress and appe?*' «^'nce. TlTey must insist on strict and prompt com])liance wi leir orderL but at the same time use their authority with discretion and 276 never allow themselves to be influenced by prejudice or iU- will towards any individual. Non-Oommkioned Officers must never make use of abuaive or improper language to the men, and must use special tact in dealing with young soldiers 1 hey are to give their orders plainly and decidedly, in as few words as nossible. and they are never to suffer a replv when on parade or other duty, nor when off duty to be inti- mate or associate with the men. Non-Commissioned officers having occasion to confine Soldiers are to give in a written crime to the Non-Commis- sioned officer of the Guard, signed by themselves, and to report the cucumstances to the Sergeant Major. menever a non-commissioned officer is placed under amst tor drunkenness, the officer or non-commissioned officer con- tmmg him will immediately send for the two senior non- commissioned officers of the Battery to which the prisoner belongs, and the Sergeant xMajor also, should he b€> in bar- racks ; and these are to appear as evidences. In the case of a Gunner or Driver so confined, the Battery Sergeant Major and orderly non-commissioned officer of the Satterv are when possible, to be sent for, or, in their absence, the two' senior non-commissioned officers of the sub-division to which the prisoner belongs, and they likewise are to appear as Non-commissioned officers are never to allow themselves ' to be treated by, or to be seen drinking, or familiarly asso- ^TJ^^,)^^i^ t^^ "ie"> a»«'l officer d«coveren"^J""«^ J' ^/^^ ?Ss purpoBe tint the men are asked if there are any com- ''sv, id a 80ldi.r wish to nee an officer on any subject, he Ao^r Mk todosoXongh the Sergeant Major, or a non- 'Tf^t^1n°akrfrivolous or unnecessary complaints they %'JrsoC U fo"Cel3amp or Gamson -less he !«. been ^ntRd a •an for that purpose, and which he must have in ETp^S, «the??nsl hfia Ule to be made a prisoner '"jm Se«STn-pase must be properly dressed OltvL «ce " fTwom aid not rolled up m a bundle and- *^^oUi«Sdbe more than five mUes from Ms quarter. ''^^Js'lS^^not allowed to smoke in the sueks. ., Notwiris aUowed to lend any article of his repmf f do^ft &0., to another, nor sell or exchange any of h«kit '"^o^'i^SSt"^:- ^ed to alter, or have »lt«ed, «.y p«t of hie legimental do'^h^ . > • -.ept with the sancUon of the Com, 279 (12.) N08. 1. OR N(N COMMISSIONED OFFICERS IN CHARGE Of SUB-DIVISIONS. Nos, 1 of ': lib-divisions are immedifttely reiponsiblo to their u'ti divisional officers, that the arm?, accovitrement^i, »ppv»>.iLinent8, men's necessaries, and everything under their enarge, are complete and in the best possible order. They must make themselves acquainted with the char- acter and abilities of their non-cc mmissioned officers and men, take overy opportunity of instructing the younger non-commissioned officers in their various duties, and be most particular that they on no account associate or drink with tne men, as such conduct tends to weaken their author- ity and renders it almost impossible for them to conduct their duties in a proper manner. They are to make themselves fully competent to instruct the men in the duties of artillerymen, and make them familiar with tables of practice, so that they may be able to lay ♦heir guns with the greatest precision for all distances, and in the shortest possible time. They must pay the greatest attention to the state of the guns, carriages, saddlery, ammunition, horses, shoeing and everything connected with their sub-divinions. They must see that the Shoeing Smiths inspect the horses' feet every morning at stable hour, as this will prevent the frequent incoT venienct aiising from horses casting shoes on the march and *.^ drill. The stable utensils are under their charge, and they must be careful to notice any deficiency or injury to them, ascertaining, if possible, the individual to blame. The young non-commissioned officers and recruits must be instructed in the manner of taking to pieces and putting to- gether eve^ part of their appomtments. Saddles, hrfness, bridles, and other appointments are to be hung up in a uniform manner. Tne appointments are to be taken to pieces once a week, __j i-i^ ±. *-_ ii. _ : i.1 _* i.U^ ,.a!^»«_ {^ ^V....^^ ^t 8aaU MkiU vUw iOx liiiij iUSUCCtiiUii US iiiw ^iii.\.'SiS ^U «..ua^|^w VA divisionB. The ammunition and small stores (weather per* 280 Sh'nrM?''^'* ^® ^^^^'^ ^^*^^ *1^« boxes once a week and ^oroughly inspected, care being taken that each borcontai^a faLaSl%o W ^^^g^^^^^i-S- Any article found to be reZT '''''^ ''^^''*'^ ^^*^ * ^^^^ *« immediate the surcingles are not tighter thai the girths ?neglect of thl wor^^lor a time; and point out evervthintr that mav h^ wrong and have it altered on the snS ?fe wil then fik out and mount his men, and see that tL stirrupr^nd drivei^ ^dleTVais' r^Z.'Zf){ ^r •!? 5^^^ -pSSL^haUhe r.J!^^'^ marched to the Gun Park the Nos. 1 wiU be most particular m seemg that the horses are properirhooked in BolSeS'hn r/^^^^^dto being^hKe traces are' ?f «J^^.^- Sr ^9''^^^ itt of unequal length Ahe hand horse Sat th Ji""? *^' ^""^^T^* *^** *^^ breec4g have So more . Froml^O to i/in^^^'^^^^^^ *^^^ ^"^ th? collars, anHe irom 10 to 12 inches below the upper part of the dock that the ties are properly fastened, and tWeach driver W •pare set on t£e off ring of his saddle. *" * ii^\TflVA *^.' ^""- ^^^'^^^^ «^ i^ ^«^te marching, if.l*i V ^^®<^J^o* remain in one place, but should con- dri?^^^ttirL'«*a*^'^ '^ draVis str^ghtXe »ml t^J, I ^ ?/ ^""^ P*y'°g ^^^^ attention to theif hirsee tod they BhouH correct anything they may not have seen wh^msnecting their sub-di^iisiong in tL^ark When halted they must see that the drivers famine their weTomrtVrth^"^' girths .addles, &c,Sr7portLit ^U £! nSIlS?illl^_^T.' ''^^ *¥y will themsel/es report to H«. l»*°"'"'j? '" ''™™ ^^' or marching order, or from the Ime of m«oh, « soon as the horses are fled into stabl" «al 281 their clothes, «t the expiration of which time each No l3l p^ade the whole of his sub-diviaion off duty, .ndnuurch thm fato stables, where they will remain, and on no account oS the stables without leave until the "'turn out°°,3° ' JnloZZLflt^ir inspect and pas. at stable hours evCTT norae under their charge, and report accordinelv pofnL^d out'r'th'e'"stehrn '^ *T^"i^ " »'•'''« °""» ^ (13.; ORDERS FOR STABLE PICKET. The Stable picket will mount at "turn out" ofstAM«« ^C:fa^erofrrurl&-^^^^^ SoSictTf ttX'^*^'"""* "^ *'"*' ~"-^- fh J^® ^n^^* "^^ ^® dismissed at morning stable hour bv the Non-Commissioned Officer in charge. ^ STABLE DUTIES. '} Nothing 18 more important than- the horses ht^ir^cr i« &bT/fr'*^^/i h'^^' fitforTmrnSeS'! the stable duties will therefore require the greatest VteS 282 to the quality, quantity and distribution of the forage, as well «• the ^vigor and exertion with which the grooming is per- formed ; these are subjects that require from every officer and non-commissioned officer the strictest attention. Great care must be taken that the horses are properly watered, without which they cannot possibly be kept in Rood condition. Every hoi-se should be allowed as much ^ he wm dnnk, excepting when brought in heated or over fatigued, at which tune they should be spaiingly watered ; but at the next stable hour they should not be stinted. Non-commis- aoned officers must look carefully after young soldiers in this matter. .tS ^^P"*!?"^. ^"^"^^^^ ^^^^ ^® 8^^^ through daily at In!^ -iw 1?^.® ^i"^""?®* sounding for morning stables, the naen will fall m by squads, the roll called, th?n marcL to BiaDies, utter up, and sweep down, commence grooming oflf ttde then near side, " heads about," clean eyes, nostrils, &c., a^nSs headstaU ; feed with corn when trumpet On the trumpet sounding for mid-day stables the men go immediately to their horses, the non-commissioned officers go round their squads to ascertain whether aU are present, pick out and wash horses' feet, &c., "heads about," ^' collar wp, groom body and legs, feed with hay (no man to leave - Off grooming till permitted by the non-commissioned officer to do so;, sweep down ; feed with corn when trumpet sounds, ♦i,r rfJ^'^"^ ^*^^^^^ ^**^^ *°^ ^eed with hay, dress, &c.. tnen htterdown, feed with oats and hand-rub legs rprincipallv ^ ones; for quarter of an hour, litter down for the night. Horses not present at the appointed stable or feeding Jours, are not to have a double feed of oats, if there be time iS'iP ^^* before they are bedded up for the night When men come in with their horses, and they have not had their meals, they may be permitted to quit the stables for half an hour, leaving their horses harnessed until they return ; they are first to take off the bridles, put on collars, throw up cruDDers. wisn th^ir hea'i »r,A i-^i, ^,'..1- •nd wash their feet, and feed with hay. On thii iSurn'to tue stables the horses are to be watered, and fed with oa^ 283 and the harness taken oflf, and horses and harness thoroughly cleaned. A couple of hands-full of chopped straw and hay to ha given mixed with each feed of corn. No man is to take ahorse outside the stable to groom him> unless ordered by an officer to do so. On no pretence is a horse to be struck in the stable, or- quickly turned round in the stall. Smoking at stables is strictly prohibited. 12. The saddles and bridles, narness, and other appoint- mentB, mq to be cleaned daily and hung up in a uniform. mauneT. The stable utensils are to be carefully arranged in the mo&t convenient places, pitch- forks especially are not to be left in places where they are liable to injure horses. The wheelbarrows are always to be emptied before the men are dismissed from stables. Non-Commissioned Officers in charge of stables are to be most particular in observing that the horses are all let down from the rack before quitting stables. One stableman is always to be in the stables. The cook of his room will bring lum his meals. In case of any acci- dent he is to pass the word for assistance to the nearest bar- rack room. (14..) PARADES. laid The following orders ^for trumpet parade caUs are down : 1. For all mounted parades, except riding drill and water- ing order, the trumpet is to sound " Boot and Saddle " 60 mmutes before the hour of parade ; 15 minutes afterwards "Squad Parade," an4 30 minutes after "Boot and Saddle" the '-Turn Out." ^= The sound " Boot and Saddle " does not imply that the horses are not to be harnessed and saddled untU that sound ; it is meant moxe as a warning to all hiuids that it is half aa 284 fc!S *"™ "?*■ "i"^,* «"*'^«r »f «n l»o»r to squad parade jessing and saddling must always depend "".Si lum uut for the men, half an hour before thp tin., lamed for parade, and imm'edlately berin thei? insnetti^. Si^vTi.' ^^^ ** Nos. 1 are in^^ if they do n „t tl^tC^ird""'^ "^ '^"^'^^ inspeJte^ra?^ So^? n^' """"^ *°- ^ ^"^ "« ^ •Ji^i"'^ reiSy for- mSil " inspection, 15 minutes before' the L^ 285 SUBALTERN OFFICER'S WEEKLY REPORT. From To Commanding Battery Station Date Artillery Artillery Artillery Sir, — I have the honor to Report that during the past ■week I inspected the arms, accoutrements and regimental necessaries of the non-commissioned oflficers and men of the Division (or half Battery) of the Batt''' der your command and found them clean, ^eomplete ai ^^ good order, with the exceptions mentioned in the Nos. Reports. The deficiencies reported last week have been made good. I have examined, and herewith forward the mess-books of the Division (or half Battery). I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, . B Bread and M«at. Heals. DAILY BEPORT. BATTERY. Sir, — I have the honor to report : 1. That as officer on duty on the I attended at the issue of bread and meat, and forage and found them of weight and of quality. 2. I visited the barrack rooms, or tents at and found everything regular ; ine men were ali present, and complaintt. I liSSK;, ^- ] r^l^ *^e guard and sentries at clock bv dav, and at o'clock hv I^isoners. mght ; aL t£e prisoners in the guard-room anj barrack-cells, and found ? Hospital. 4. I visited the hospital, and found and register. '''^^^'^''' I signed the Cookhoufle.6. I visited the cook-house at oVlnrV and found ^^^^> Stables. 6. I attended stables at o'clock at o'clock and at o'clock and saw horses wa- tered, fed, groomed and bedded ; stables cleaned ; harness m good order. Horses ' Health Forage is of aualitv Wa8hhoMe.7. I visited the wash-house at o'clock and found it ' Parades. 8. I attended the morning and afternoon parades and mspected the new and old guards and founi Tattoo. 9. I attended at the hour of tattoo, when non-commissioned officers and men were reported absent. I have the honor to be, Sir, IT. ,, «, ^ Your obedient servant, ^0 the officer commanding ^ "-"^Battery. 4' "#111 on