IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ lliil llM ■- IIIIIM ij^ iiiii^ ii& 12.0 1.8 U ill 1.6 ? Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian institute for Historical IVIicroreproductions /Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibllographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographicaily unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. □ Coloured covers,^ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ D n D D D Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pelliculie I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int6rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut qu6 certaines pages blanches ajout6es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas dtd filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6ti possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique. qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur6es et/ou pelliculies Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqu6es I I Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Quality indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary materis Com^irend du materiel suppldmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible r^ Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ |~n Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M filmdes i nouveau de facon it obtenir la meilleure image possible. Th« to 1 Thi poi oft filn Ori be( the sio oth firs sioi or i Thi shi Tl^ wh Ma difl ent be( rigl req me Pagination as follows : 216-228 p. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Seminary of Quebec Library L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit yrice A la g6n4rositA de: Siminaire de Quebec Bibtiothique The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Las Images suivantes ont 6te reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la netteti de l'exemplaire filmA. et en conformity avec las conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies In printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres* sion. or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires orlginaux dont la couvertura en papier est imprimAe sont filmAs en commandant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniire pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iilustration, soit par l« second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires orlginaux sont filmAs en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iilustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —^(meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -*> signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tablaeux, etc., peuvent itre fllmAs A des taux de reduction diffirants. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichS, il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Las diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■ w f 1 216 American Catholic Quarterly Reviezv, THE EARLIEST DISCUSSION OF THE CATHOLIC QUESTION IN NEW l-.NGLAND— S1<:GUEN0T AND BURNETT. 1727.' IF any reader, lookintj only at the great questions now absorbing the minds of men, think us too far behind the times in reviewing at this day a pubhcation of the early part of tlie last century, we plead in defence that we Catholics had no Rf.vikw, or, in fact, any publication at all in this country at the time of the appearance of the work, and that even in our hands this curious and romantic affair cannot be very dull or dreary. The little work is, in fact, connected with some of the most ro- mantic incidents in New ICngland history, with the preaching of F'liot, his praj'ing tfAvns, New I^ngland injustice to the Indians, King Philip's War, the death of Major Waldron. Though the story of Christine Otis has been alluded to in many local histories, it has probably escaped the eye of Catholic readers in general, with the discussion we here rake uji from the musty ])iles of New luigland controversies. The publication on which we found our notice is extremely rare, so rare that the late George Brinlc}', who had scoured all the old garrets and closets of New Fjigland to bring together his wondei ful library, does not seem to have possessed a co])y. To a Catholic it has the additional interest of being the first statement of Catholic doctrine printed in New I'"" 'ul, or, indeed, in any part of the thirteen Colonies, and as sue nild have led all our ]5ublications in the Bibliotlicca Catliolica Atucricaua, of our late anti(|uarian friend. Rev. Joseph M. Finotti. About the same period there were two other controversies, it is true; one between a Jesuit father and an Episcopal clergj-man, in Maryland, and the other between the Jesuit I'ather Sebastian Rale, of Norridgewock, Maine, and the Rev. Mr. Baxter, who was sent from Massachusetts to endea\or to win his flock to Protestantism. These discussions were not, however, printed at the time, so that the letter of the good Sulpitian to the Christine whose amiable character from childhood seems to have endeared her to her Can- adian friends, though it failed to recall her to the faith in which she had been nurtured, was translated and printed in Boston as ' Letter ficnii ;i Kiiniisli priest in ( 'nnacia to one wlio was lakoii cn|itive in lier in- fancy and instnieled in the Roniisli faitii, i)iit some time ai,'o, returned lo this her native countrx' ; witli an answer thereto, liy a person to whom it was comnuniiealed. IJoston : Trinted for ]). Henehman, at tiie corner shop over aj^ainst the IJrick Mectinj^-house, in Cornliill, MUCCXXIX. l^ -5 f Discussion of the Catholic Question in New England. 2 1 7 <. Uf .-i •f » ft A i; ^ • the first publication to diffuse in that benighted land the true doc- trines of Christianity. Before the first l^n_c;lish settlements in New England, the Paw- tucket.s, or Pennacook Indians, spread from the banks of the Mer- rimac to the Kennebec, and were ruled by a chief of superior ability, Passaconaway. When colonists came, sachem and jx-oplc welcomed them, and lands were ceded foi' their use. Every year, however, the newcomers became more exorbitant in their demands, till, at last, the sachem, who had reached the years, not only of four score and ten, but even of five, and it is said of six sc(,)re, sought humbly from the guests whom he had welcomed a scanty foothold for his band in the wide domain over which he had once held sway. Amid the grasping and sordid people who were thus pushing away the Indians, to chafe, and fret, and plot, there arose a man who believed that as Christians they were morally bound to impart a knowledge of (iod and his divine Son to the benighted natives. John ICliot, who so cordially met the Jesuit ]""ather Druillettes, and invited him to winter in his home, began his labors as a mis- sionary at Newton Corner, gaining many hearers and a few con- verts. Praying villages sprang up, not all made up of Indians who had embraced Christianity, but including those who showed an in- clination to listen to the teachings of I'^Iiot and his associates. Kf- f(M'ts were matle, meanwhile, to induce the natives to adopi the agiiculture and habits of the whites. Eliot gradually extended the area of his labors, and in 1647 visited the village of Passaconaway, but the chief would not see him. He withdrew, disdaining, as it were, to hold converse with the man v.ho was bent on transforming the gallant brave into the dull plodder, the open-handed Indian into a close and grasping white. The next year he showed less repugnance. Eliot began his work,' and ere long there were praying towns in the land of the Pennacooks. The religious influence, however, produced by an- nual visits could not have been very profound, or the instruction extended. Passaconaway himself said to Eliot: " You do as if one should come and throw a fine thing among us, and we should catch at it earnestly, because it appears so beautiful, but cannot look at it to ' Eliot's fw^t sermon hL-fore I'assacoiitiway was from Malnchy i. ll, wliich In.' tluis renduix'd : " I-Vom tlu' risinj^ of thu sum to the t^oini; down of the same, tliy name shall be great among the Indians; and in every plaeo prayers shall he made to thy name, pure jirayers, for thy name shall lie great among the Indians." This suppre^siim of the idea of sacriliee is eurioiis, aiul, in view of one of Segnenot's ehief points, not without interest. I*.^^**^**^-^^.' 2l8 American Catholic Quarterly Review, sec what is within ; there may be in it something or nothing, a stock, a stone, or a precious treasure ; but if it be opened, and we see what is valuable therein, then we think much of it. So you tell us of religion, and we like it very well at first sight, but we know not what is within; it may be excellent, or it may be noth- ing ; we cannot tell ; but if you will stay with us and open it to us, and show us all within, we shall believe it to be as good as you say it is." We know how "Hot, with immense labor, translated the Rible into the Natick la iguage, as though that were to achieve what only daily instruction and guidance could effect. Something, however, was gained. The legislature appointed an Indian superintendent ; idolatry and the superstitious rites of the medicine men were suppressed ; laws made ; the sale of liquor prohibited, though it could not be wholl)' prevented. It will strike us as queer, however, that tithes were to be levied on the Indians for the support of their teachers. While the efforts of this zealous man to convert and save the Indian were extending, he did not receive general support. By many, in fact, his whole scheme was viewed with an evil eye. In their judgment the Indian should be crowded out and extermi- nated. Their policy, so often revived and followed, bore its fruit. Philip animated the scattered bands to begin a war of extermina- tion, urging ^\\Q Indians to root out the whites unless they, them- selves, would be rooted out. The hamlets and outlying farms of New England reddened the midnight sky with the blaze which disclosed the scalped and mur- dered inmates. Then every Indian became a matter of suspicion and dread ; and the Praying Indians were marked out for destruc- tion by the hot and lawless. Wannalancet, the successor of Pas- saconaway, faithful to the counsels of that chief, had refused to enter into Philip's projects, and to the last declined to give him any aid. But this could not save his tribe from the brutalit)' of the colonial rabble. Yielding to the storm, the General Court confined the Praying Indians to narrow limits, and at last carried off hun- dreds from their villages to perish in the close confinement to which they were doomed. The glowing pictures, by New England writers, of the rigid morality and piety of the settlers, are not sustained by facts. Im- partial visitors found these colonies not superior to others which were less loud in their professions. Vice and debauchery among the lower class, unscrupulous rapacity among men in office, ajjpear there as elsewhere; and the Indians suffered alike from both. Wannalancet would not raise his hand against the whites, but he could not remain in .safety. With his band he struck into the 4 / \ . J'.. ■ Jre long four hundred dusky forms were gathered around ; all considered themselves as perfectly safe. Rut W^1ldron, instigated by greed and cunning, or acting under orders from Boston, resolved to seize a number of them. To do so openly might result in a disastrous failure, so he had recourse to stratagem. He proposed to the Indians that they should have a sham battle. The Indians entered into the spirit of the affair. While the fictitious strife was going on, two companies of Provincial so'.diers surrounded the Indians, and before the latter could suspect treachery, di.sarmed them all, and prepared to send them to Boston. The General Court approved the dark act of treachery. The Indians were put on trial ; a few escaped; five or six were actually hung, the rest were sold into slavery. Wannalancet antl a remnant of the tribe fled, never to re- turn. They made their home in a mission village on the banks of the St. Lawrence, where devoted men preached and practiced a purer and nobler faith, and the neophytes of Elliot became the unexpected and uninvited catechumens of a Catholic mission. Others lingered in fastnesses of the mountains brooding over their wrongs, and anxious by any agency to wreak vengeance on their o(i|3ressors. Year by )-ear the winter snows whitened the earth and it har- dened under the fierce summer sun, till at last these Pennacooks 220 Amcrict7ii Catholic Quarterly Rcvinv. gloated with savage glee to see the long-desired vengeance ready at their hands. When Leisler, in his mad foil)-, had sent the New York savages to give the Canadian towns to conflagration, pillage, and murder, and New iMigland had. as unwisely, proNoked hostility on her fron- tiers, the Indians, whose unwritten annals kept vividly before their eyes the treachery of Cocheco, resolved to repay it. Their design was known in Boston, and a letter of warning was sent to W'aklron. It was too late. That very day two scjuaws sought a night's lodging in every one of the garrison houses of Dover. Ihey were admitted without distrust, and the inmates showed them how to open the tloors early in the morning. When sleep had settled on the town the women silently unbarred the doors to admit the vengeful braves. At Waldron's house they rushed at once to his room. The old man, if he had entrapped Indians and flogged Quakerwomen, was no coward. In spite of his eighty j'cars he seized his sword and dro\'ehis assailants before him till they closed around and overpowered him. They set him upon a chair on a table, and each cut him across the breast as their victim used to mark their accounts in his books, crying, " I cross out my account," and when he tottered forward from loss of blood it was to fall upon his own sword. H's house was given to the flames. That of Richard Otis was taken in the same way, and he was killed as he rose from his bed. Two of his children fell beside him. His wife and four daughters were hurried away, three to be rescued, but the widow and her child Christine, with two Otis boys, the sons of Stephen, marched their weary way through the wilderness, enduring all the horrors of Indian captivity. New ICngland Indians as they were, their captors did not halt till they reached villages of Indians under I'rench control. The condition of these hapless persons, suffering for the wrong done by others, appealed to the Christian hearts of the r'rench, Mrs. Otis and her child were purchased from their Indian captors and found a home at Montreal. No immediate pros- pect appeared, in those days of war, that they could soon return to the fire-marked site of their once happy home. The New I'-ngland widow soon came to look on Canada as her future home. She em- braced the Catholic faith, and married Philip Robitaille, in 1693, bringing up Christine and her other children in the religion which she had embraced. Christine grew to womanhood, and married a Canadian named Le Beau, their marriage beipg blessed by the birth of a daughter; but her wedded life was not a long one, and we ne.\t find her a widow. After vicissitudes of peace and war hostilities ceased, and com- ■>l ■ • of ! I Discussion of the Catholic Question in Xeii.' England. 22\ niissioncrs were sent from the English coUmies to superintend the return of all jjrisoners in Canada. Captain John Studdard and the Rev. John Williams, a New I-'ngland clergyman famous for his own Indian captivity, were those deputed, and with them went Captain Thomas leaker, of Northampton, Massachusetts, who had likewise had his share of Indian perils, bondage, anil war. The meeting of Baker and Madame Christine le Heau seems to have inspired a strong affection. Baker, through the commissioners, used every effort tc obtain her restoration, and she showed the greatest desire to return to New England. Her mother and daughter clung to Canada ; the French clergy and the authorities iought to dissuade her, and raised various pretexts to delay or pre- vent her return. But she gave up mother and child, all her share in her husband's estate, and the means offered her, to accompany to New England the object of her choice, whom she married soon after. Isolated from all Catholic influence, Christine le Beau, be- come Mrs. Margaret Baker, lost her faith, and openly renouncing it joined the church of Mr. Solomon .Stodtlard at Northampton. She was not forgotten on the banks of the St. Lawrence, and some years after the Rev. Francis Seguenot, a French priest from the diocese of Autun, a member of the Community of St. Sulpice, who had been zealously ministering for years to the people at Pointe-aux-Trembles and a wide district around it, resolved to make an effort to regain the lost sheep. The original letter which he addressed to Christine Otis is not extant, but a translation of it under the title of "A Letter from a Romish Priest in Canada" was printed at Boston in i/Tifj. The letter seems to be pretty faith- fully rendered, as the reader will judge: J. M J.' My dkak CiiiusriNA, and whom I may cai.i. my Si'iRixrAi, Dadciitkr, Since I e>lL'ciuf(l aiul (liioi:tc'il you ,is such whilst you were heie,,Tne confessor 1 am become since the death ol Mr. Remi, who was well Unown to yon, were of the numlicr of aliout two inmdred women of the best fashion of N'ille .Ntaria (that is, Moinit real), who then maile u]) the mystical body of that lioly association: I own also that all our members of the seniinary, as well as all Mount-real, were edified with your carriaj^e, you beiii^ sober and living as a true Christian ami j,'ood ("alholic, liavini; no remains of the unhappy leaven of the irrcli^ion ami errors of tiie l'jiL;li-.h,out of which Mr. Meriel hail brought you, as well as yoin' mother, taking you out of the deep dark- ness of heresy to bring you into tiie light of the true Church, the only spouse of Jesus Christ, out of which there is no salvation, I say the onlv spouse of Jesus Christ. It was allowed under the law of natiue, and under that of Moses, to have many wives, for reasons whicii your ministers must know; but under the law of grace in which we live, estalilislied by Jesus Christ, the holy ami true legislator, that multiplicity of wives is om- " These three letters are put in honor of Jesus, Maria, Joseph." Note in pamphlet. ^SSm m" 232 American Catholic Quarterly Rcvicxv. foHiiilileii, .111(1 for lli;il rcnson fi'sus riirisi liini-^rlf clioso lo havi- l>iil mii' sin.;Ie spouse, whii'li is I lis ( 'liiiri:li, wliiili liu |)iMili.i>t(l liy llif |>riii' of I li> ;>ilcir;il>K> Mndd, wliuli He liivfs anil will love Id nil clornity, ami a;;.iiiist « liicii the jjatcs of licll ami all the powers of this corrupleil aj,'e shall not prevail, a> lie assures ii-., — St. M Ulliew, eliapler xvi., — when he saith to St. Peter: "Thoii art I'etcr, ami on this rock will I estalilish my Church," which all the infernal powers 'hall never overset. Which is verilietl by the experience of all the heresie-. which almost in all aj^es ha\e assaulteil her, since slie has (lissipateni, one single body, which is the t.'hureh, one single spirit which animates and directs her. The I'n^lish, the Hutch, the Calvinists, the Lutherans, the Zuint^lians, dare not Like those (pialities to themselves, since they are many bodies and many spirits, different as to the doctrines of faith, diflerini; the one from tiie other. The Puritans in I",n;^land make up one, the NonCoiiforniists another ; the Presbyterians one, the Kpiscopals another ; the (Quakers one, the .Aiialiajilists another ; the Poor' one, the Lutherans intierm.uiy, another; and do not the C"alviiiists in the Marcpiisat of llrandenburnh make ii|) a sep.irale l>oily from the ri^id or moderate I.iitlier.uis ? Lastly, do not tiie /.uiiii^lians in Swit/erland and the ( ienevese, their neighbors, make up l)oilies dilf.'renl from many others ? .\iul these different sects far from beinj^ animated by the same spirit, do they not contend with one an ither .■' and,l(i say the truth in one word, there is not one of all these sects that can boast of any ieliL;ioii. And lor ]iroof of this, what is rclii;ion ? It is a virtue by which we worship (iod as the sovereif^n and absolute Lord of all His creatures, whellier by sacrifice and real olVer- ini: with blood, as did of old the priests .\aron ar.d his successors under the .Mosaic law , in kiliinj; bullocks, rams, ,ind lambs, or mystically, thout^li very really, as do the pricsis under the law of i;race, in sacrilicini; an 1 ol'ferinj; every day to the most ador- able Trinity, jesus ('lirist, upon our altars. 'This sacrilice, besides, was instituted by Jesiis ('lirist himself, the Ljreat and liii;h Priest of the new law, to thank (iod for His mercies, to ask for ivjw blessings, ami to obtain of His goodness tlie pardon of mir sins, So that tlie sacrilice of the law of i,Mace, iusiiluled and comni inded by Jesus Christ, performs itself alone all that the sacrifices of the Mosaic law did to;.^etlier, and in a more effectual, more real, and truer manner, since those of the ( )ld Law did not bestow jjraee, bein;^', as St. Paul saith, but weak and poor elements 1 ( lal. iv.9), whereas, those of the New Law ha\e it in themselves, and truly ^ive it l(ial. iv. 5 ), since they contain the merits of tlie death and jjassion of JesUs Christ and of His adorable blood, ,ui, liut in the eternal llamesofihelast juil^nient. l,et me, my dear ( 'lni-.tin.i, say to you what St. I'aul saiidcr within y(airself, my dear Christina, ])oor stray sheep, and, following the ex- ample of the I'rodij^al .Son, Come back to your Heavenly Father. I lumbli yourself before Mini as.Vchabdid ; own yourself guilty, as certainly you are, to have ajio^tati/ed and forsaken the Lord, the only Spring of the healing waters of grace, to run after i)ri- vate cisterns, which cannot give them to you, since they have them not, having only the muddy waters of the Nile of inilielieving I'.gypt, and tho^e of the Kuphrates of infa- mous ji.diylon. Look once more within yiuirself, my de.ir Christina, as the Prodigal Son in the ( lospel ; hearken to the --lings of your conscience, for it is impn-,,ible but you must feel them reproaching your apostasy. Read with attention the tuo letters I send you concerning the happy and Christian ])redestinecl, come in all haste and abjmc yoiu- aposia^v, and live as a true Chri^li.m and Citholic ; else fear, and be persuaded that your death will be unhappy, attended willi ma.lncss and des|)air, as that of C'aKin was, whose error-, are followed in New I'aigland, and who bewailed at l.is death, and, actin;; id.'„ ,in agitated fury, delesled the fatal moment in w iiich he had vcparatcd himself fn.in the Roman Catholic Church, and those faUe and calumnious writings he had pulili^lud against her. Luther, his predecessor, did not make a much happier end, he dying suddenly at the end of a plciuiful supper, which lasted till ten or eleven at night, ;it uliich supper were |)resent his three children and Catharine de liore, his wife, wdio had been a nun, had made her three vow> of poverty, chastity, and obedi- ence ; a woman of condition, and whom he had taken out of a monastery to m.xke his wife, and had the iniputlence publicly to marry after the death of the Dukeand Elector of .Sa.xony, his piotecti^r, for he would not have dared to accomplish that sacrilegious marriage w liilsi that prince wa> living, who, though a Lutheran, abhorred marriages contracted between i)erst)ns who before (iod and the ("hurch had made vows of chastity, w hich Luther hail done in his convent and Catharine de liore in hers, liut after the death of that Klector, Luther pulled olT the mask, and ))ublicly married her for all that he was a priest and a monk and (.Catharine de liore a nun. Henry the ICighth, King of Lngland, was the first that made a schism with the Ro- man (.'hurch, not being willing to own her for his mother, as he and all his preileces- sors had done very religiously before. He left the Roman Church that he might put aw.iy his law ful w ife, Catharine of ,\rragon, a princess of eminent virtue, and aunt to -TWz 224 Aiiuricdn Catholic Quarterly Review. tlu- Kiii|u'iiir Cli.irli'N ihc I''ifili, :imiI marry Amu' Ilcilcyn, whiun -oino I'.ni^IiNh lii>tiirinn* Ifi'licvi' t(i have lit'cii lii>. cLui^litiT, tic^nt l>y him cm the l.ady UciKyii, in the alisence of Sir 'I'hoiiias Itolcyn, whom he had ^epl tn Kraiue as aiiiNassador In I'r.iuci-. the I'ir^t. The same Henry the l''i^;hlh, four ye.ns after tlii-> Mandal marriage, i .iiiied the ■•anie Anne lldleyii to lie lieheaded, ha\inj; iM-envered her iinlailhliilne-'S and her intrigues witli >onie (;aMaiits « liieii she liad. 'I lie srliismatieal |irini'c, feeliiij,' himself near his end, was desirous of eonfessinj; himself; and, notw ithstandin^ he w as .1 sehis- malie, he had not reiiouneed those two saerameiils of the Catholic Chureli, instituted, like the other live, liy jesus {'Inisi, Ihe liishojis and priests who were then in Lon- don hill themselves, and would nut uiei\e liis ennlessii.n, as iiineli in re^;.iril to tlie jjrcat scandal iu', liy his sciiisni, had t;i\eii to llu' ( 'liiireh as on account of the unheard of cruelty which he had committed aj;.dnst the nmnUs, and some people dislinijuished l>y then' characters, as Thomas More, ( hancellor of l!n^land, and Julm lisher, a liisliop, who had refused to suliscribe to his pretended and im|)ious |irimacy of the Kuj^lish ( hurch ; and for havinj; liesides phiiidered and ritled all the floods, even to tlie holy vessels, out of the churches of the chief and richest aiiheys of his kin^jdom. One of these liishops, how ever, confessed him, layiiij^ him under an obligation toliuild a liospilal, ihereliy in some measuic to leilress the excessive u ronj^s he had done to the churches, which hospital, to speak justly, was nothinj; however in comparison with the rapines nnd extortions he hail committed. He received the Coinnumion also, and as the Consecrated Host was offered to liim he woulil come out of liis lied and fall down before it, a token that this uiifortun.ite prince had kept the faith towards that divine sacrament, and [ou.irds the other si\,onwliicii he haduiil a ticatise ajjaiust Luther, who had writ to him a uhecdlin^ letter to briii;; him into his party, which the Kinj; wouhl not hearken to, but treated l.ulher as an heresiarch. Ana we read in history that one of Kmj; Henry the |-",ii,dith's predecessors, on his beini; to ^\\v l)attle to one of our kinj;s of France, ordered, on the niorninn of tiie day of battle, all the soldiers should, as well as himself, partake id' the adorable liody of jesus Christ, at the Masses w hieh the chaplains of the army were to otiiciale in, every oik- in his own (piarters. ^Vhy, then, do the Iliij^lish at this time 110 longer acknowledge the truth and reality of tlie presence of Jesus Christ in that awful sacrament ? 'Ihe same his- lory tells us that the I-"-nglish of former times built niagnificciit churches in some of our prininces, which then were in their possession, and in which cinirclies Mass was said, and JesUs Christ offered to 1 lis Ivtenial f'allier. Why, then, do iIk- luiglish at this time not make profession of the same religion with their ancestors, who were thoroughly Roman Catholics? Was not /uinglius, the chief of the Sacranu'iitarians, killed at the head of the army he led against the C!atholic Sw il.^ers, whom he would by force oblige to endirace his sect and his errors? Have even the apostle-, or any other laborers in the Gospel, whereof I'rolcstant ministers pretend (but without reason) to be the successois, been seen to march at the head of armies, with swords in their hands and cannon pointed to enforce the Cmspcd ? I leave it to your ministers to judge of so extraordinary a procceiliiig. Hut let Us return to you ( poi r stray sheep) : Think seriously on death, which may oe nearer to you than yon think of. What will you in that moment say for yourself to Jesus Christ to justify your apostasy, w hen lie sli.dl come to judge and dee id.- of your fate to all eternity? Rather, in what soirow and de-pair will you nil be when yon find that you have notldng solid to allege to Him to excuse your cowardly desertion? I'erhaps, like the unfoitiniate .\ntiocliUs, ymi will own that you were in the wrong in forsaking Him and His ( alholic Cluircli, His only spouse, promising thai if He grants you health again, you will repair the sc'aii;> after eternal lilessiii'^s, and other principles laii^ht in the Calholic Cliiirch, a Ian- (•ua^'e unknown to the I'rote'-tants, and to your fine reformers, let us say radicr the true de-troyers of all these holy practices. Who has sent these worthy reformers? Is il jesus Christ ? Mas lie s])okeii to Luther, to Calvin, to /,uinj;lius, or to the other schismatics who have witlulraw n themselves from the (Catholic Church to set up for themselves, as He spake to St. I'eter: "Thou art I'eter, and on this rock I will liuild my Church?" Did He say to them as He said to the same St. IVter and to the .\postles: "(lo preach my (Jospel to all the world; whatsoever sins you remit oil the earth will he remitted and pardoned in heaven, ami whatsoever sins you shall hind sh.ill he hound in heaven?" Your ministers dare not sp lial fesiis (Jhrist has seiii them, or I.uther, or Calvin, or Zuiii^liiis, in such a manner; they never durst say it. Now none (saith St. I'aul, Rom. x.) ou^;ht to intrude into the Cospcl ministry without an authentic mission, l.et ns add, dear Christina, that the stranj;e lanil iu whiih you are doth not alford you the I'ascal I.amh, the true heavenly Manna, tile Ihe.ul of anj^els; I mean Jcsus Christ contained really within the holy I'.iicharist, which is only to he found in the Catholic Church; so that you are in that place like the rrodi;;al S>n, rediiceil to feed on improper and insijiid food, which cannot j;ive you life, after having; fed here on the most exipiisite, most savory, and most delicious food of heaven, I mean the adorahle liody and precious ISlood of Jesus Christ at the holy sacrament of the altir, as saith the I'rophct Jeremy in his Lament itioiis, iv. 5. < )iice more, dear Christina, return to this land, where you have received your hap- tisni, and which I may say has [;i\, \\ you life, since it is there you have heen rej;en- erated with water ami the Holy (ihost, an I have received the grace of ailoption, anil eaten the liread of an;,'els and children of ticid. Prevail with your hushand to resolve on the same undertaking; the Holy Church, our ^jood mother, will, on your alijurinjj your errors, receive you with open arms, as well as Mi. Rohitail and his wife, your mother; you shall not want lueail here, and if your hushaml will have land we shall tiud him some on the islaml of Montreal; hut if he doth not desire any. and has a trade, he shall not want for work; hut what is most essential is that you shall he here hoth of you enahled to work out your salvation, wliich you cannot do w here you are, since there you are not in the mystical ark of th'.' true Noah, which is the Catholic Church, the sole spouse of Jesus Christ, in which your daughter was hied, and in which she died. Read, dear Christina, again and again that letter w ith the attention it deserves, since your eternal happiness or misery is at stake; show it to your ministers if you think it ))roper, or to whom else you please; and if they will answer me, let them do it irt Latin or Creek, if they cannot conveniently write in French. I shall reply in Latin or Creek, for I cannot speak the English nor the Dutch tongue; and I hope, with the grace o( Ood and the assistance of the Holy Ghost, who is the Sjiirit of truth, 1 shall evidently show them that they are in error, and that they entertain therein the people that hear them. Tell them from me to refute, if they can, the ]irinciples which 1 have set forth in this letter concerning the unity of one only true Church, founded hy St. I'eter and the other apostles, and transmitted hy the hishops, their successors, to whom Jesu> (/luist has committed the keeping of 'he faiih, and the direction of that same only spouse of Jesus Christ till now, and will continue so to do without any interrup- VOL. VL — 15 226 American Catholic Quarterly Review. tion, as the Scripture testifies in St. Matthew, and in the Acts of the Apostles, to the end of the « orhi. Desire them from me to kee]i to that point, and to answer me with solidity, which they cannot do, to the princi|)les I have laid down in this letter, for it would he endless to ^;o over every article wherein we difl'er from one another, w Inch, as it draws to no conclusion, serves only to maintain the dispute, and it is w hat those who find tiiemselves in an error choose to do. In a word, let them give me an answer to what is essential and solid, and to the principles I lay ilowu, of the unity of one true Church, the oidy spouse of Jesus Christ. And let them show me tliat the same Jesus Christ .^ent Lutlier, or Calvin, or Zuinf,dius to estahlish that same only Church, as lie sent St. Peter and the other ajiostles lo preach His ( iospel, and to found that one Ciiurch. 'Tis what they can never do, who have framed many churches, all diflerinj; the one from the other; an ~ll 228 American Catholic Quarterly Review. Massachusetts, they made their way to her old home at Dover. But trouble followed them, and in 1736 she applied for a grant of land from the colony. It seems to have been ineffectual, and Mr. Baker seems to have been inclined to yield to some desire on the part of his wife to rejoin her mother in Canada. The Abbe Se- guenot was, indeed, dead ; his requiem was offered the very year in which he addressed his touching letter to her ; but her mother and her kindred there would insure her a welcome. That Chris- tine entertained this project may be inferred from the statement in Savage's Genealogical Dictionary, that the town of Dover ultimately gave her land on condition that she should not return to Canada. She lived to an advanced age, and died P^ebruary 23d, 1773. The name of Otis has remained in Canada. One of the sons of Stephen Otis, taken with Christine and her mother, was baptized there by the name of Francis John, and settling at Bale St. Paul, became, by his energy, a prominent man. One of his descendants, Messire Lucien Otis, after having had charge of several parishes, became Director of the Normal School at Quebec, and died in 1868, highly respected and esteemed for his ability and worth. Christine is represented here by many descendants, among them the Hon. John VVentworth, of Illinois ; and some of them may have received grace to embrace the truth which their ancestress lost. ill.