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HISTORY or .-^ ^. # THE WAR, BBTWREN THE VXITEB STATES dJ^TD GRE.iT-BRIT.lIX, WHICH COMMFNCID I.V .U'NE, 1812, AND CliOSEO IN FEBRUAHT, I8lf» ; CONI'AININO THE COHRESPONDENCE WHICH PACisfeU BCiWEKN THE TWO OOVEn^MENTg, IMAIKUIATEL.V FIltCtDlNO, A>D SINCE UO:> I IiNOENCE WHICH PASt-KU BETWEEN OUR CnMMISSTOI«Bn», AND THOSE AI-FOINTLD BY GREAT-BKITAIN IN TREATIMG FuB fEACE. TO WHICH 14 ADDED, THE TREAl Y OF PEACE, AND A LIST OP VESSELS TAKEPf FROM GREAT-BRITAIN DURLNG THE WAR. I' ,r ^ i'Hh. COMPUTED By J. RU8SELL, Jii. J»econti ^bitton. ,»..■ -* HARTFORD: T>RjjrrEn jind published by b. ^ j. russell, state Streel ii ' \ I \\i\ ^=i Uislrid of'Coniiriiintt, ,sa. V,--->: HE IT IlKMFJfnFRFJ), Tlinfnnlhf.lfnfhttayqf'July, I L.S. I i)i Ifir Forlirf'i i,fnr oj llir hidi iimhfir nj ihr IJmtnl SltUr.i ?Ix-Mw.y, ofjincn'cit H 6^' J Uusstll. of Ihf snid Distnrl. depottilfd in this ojjicr Ihf til/r of a Hcok the ri^hl ivherroj' they claim aa troprit' tors, in the ivordsjulloini'ii. to nit ' The Hi'Aiin/ oJ Ihi If'iir hihveen the Vnilnl Slates a)id GrentHrilaint '• which comiiic iird m June. ; 8 1 2, nnd cloned in Fth 1 8 1 o. contnining the * correspondf nee nliich jinsned brhveen the two (iovemments immeiitatfiy ^ precedinrr nnd .since twsti ti ties commenced ; Itit declaration of W or. and * tlie ojficial reports oJ land and naval enumlK'illv state Ihe loss, ns well as the coiii- paradvo skill and hruvery of' the conteiidiiipr jiarties. Ill the list of public niul private veKsels taken from the enemy during the war, we have not •riven the whole num- ber of men and griiiis, on board of a lart^e proportion of the merchant vessels, as it was never otlicially slated. In every instance of this kind, where we could not obtain cor- rect intormation, we have left the number blank. We are sorry to say it is w holly out of our power to accompany the list of prizes with a correct list of the vessels we have lost ; the enemy never having' ma Mr. Russeil's Letter to lord Castlereagh^ 10^ Loss of Gen Hull's baggage, 11! Hull's Proclamation, to the Canadian^. « ib. Skirmishing, near Sandwich, 119 Canadian Militia join Gen. ilull, ill,, Ca^llire' of the Guerrier, IH' ( •!,M % • ; t ihti VI CONTENTb. Onlern in Council Rf vuk«'d« 1 1 & Gi-n. Hull's 8tat«fm«>nt of hU CnpitulHtiun, 1 17, 118, Majfir Vanhurn's Doff at, , I. '4 BHitleof Brownsloivii, («ir Mai;uaie'*.) ' ' ij5 Artinlt!* of caiiirulatiun nfii*n HiiiiV \rmy nuii Mirliiean TiTiilorjr, Ml Culoncis Clur»' of the Alert, Cajit. Porter tu the Hecretnry of the Navy, Gallant Defence ol Fort Harrin m, MHJ'irJe8«up's corroboration of Col Cass' Stalemeut, SkirinishitiK at 8t. John's river. Bkiriniihing at Gananoquu, and OgdeDsburgli, AtTair at 8t. Regis, Ca;iture of the Detroit and Caledonia, Massacre of llie Garrison of Fort Ciiiciitio, Com Chauneey's RattltituKiagstuo Haibor, Battle of ({ueviistoi], Idfi ib. HI ib. 146 ib. U7 148 in. 155 CHAPTER V. IVIonro«, Graham, Rn«6ell, Cnstlerrach, and Warren's Letters, re'a- tivetoanaremistire,— 160, 162, 16J, 165, ltJ8, 169, J7l, l7J,l7*,176. British Chatleiige, and American Acceptance, 1 79 CUArTEKVI. Capliireoflhe Frolir;, and Loss of the Wasp, Capture of lh« iMacedouian, Capture of the Java, Capture of the Peacock, CHAPTER VH. 180 l&l 1J^2 ICG Captarn ofLidle York, i*iipttulation of Yi>rk, Gen. Winchester's Defe.it, aia-sacte of Gen. W inchestcr's Army, iitdiat) Expedition, Uen. Sfoylh't* Exppdition, Ca^it. Forsy lh'» Espediiion, CHAPTER VIH. 1€9, 190, 193, 1^2 196 1!)8 ib. Harrison's Baltie nt Louor Sanuii^'Ky, Pmcior's demand t">ti- ihe eiirrendf r of Fort M^-ig*, Capture olForl 0'v'u^^c, 200 203 CONTEST!!. Vli « to? 209 lb. aji 312 S13 214 314,216 316 ib. S17 9?( Caplurr of Pnrt Erie, ChNiiii(;»-y'!4 hrroiini ofthp mplurp of Port (icnrf^P, C'hRui>(*«)'> lit'ltrr to ihf Kccr«lnry nfthr Nnvy, vuOTfjiog Ihe Hrrtiiilariln takrn At Vnrk Mnii Port Ueurge, Capture ol the irai)H|inrt l^ily Murray, Hafile at Porfy iMik Crefk, Attack on SMckfttV Harbor, Capture of Ftiurtfi-n Bi iiish Transport Boat^ on T^ake Ontario, MMJ«>r CrogJtan'a Vlrlory, l^»y> ofltic Pritfiiie Ctiettnppakr, Capture of Little York, Ihe second time, Capture of the Doiiiiaico, Buriiint; of Sodus, At lark on (!raiify Island, Ca|)lure of Hampton, Munler of Jutin 1) (travel, Skinnisliini; at Fort (Jeorce, Destruction of liidiuii town!*, Yankee Trick, Capture of the Boxer, CHAPTER IX. Capture of Ihe British fleet un Lake Erie, Capture of Maiden, Battle at the Moravian Towns, Tecuinseh's Speech to G»-n. Proctor, '. Harrison and Perry'a Proclamation, Capture of a British Fleet on Luke Ontario, Something Singular, Com. Rodgers* Cruise, Col Clarku*!) Expedition, Massacre at Fort Tensaw, Wiikiuson and Hampton's Expedition, CHAPTER X. Jackson, White, and Coffee's Victories over the Creek Tndians, 236, 237, 238, iiid, 243, 24« Gen Floyd's Victories, 240 242 Gen. Clbiburne's Victory, 24| CHAPTER XT. Captain Porter's Cruise, Limb of Fort Niagara, and burning of LenristowD, Mtnchwter, and Tuscarora, E'lrningof Buffatoe.and Black Rock, C*pt Holmes' Victory, Capture of Ihe Epervier, Battle at Sfoney Point, Loss of the Frigate Es^ex, 348 290 ib. 352 ib. 354 3H Till. i il ■M..: --■IV* : 4. Vltl I ON J'KNTS. Capture of Obwiro, BnttM; oi Chi|>|K'way, Cafilurt* of the Keinilerr, Baile at (^ui'instun, Bailie ol Erie, 260 SUI SGJ UU5 CnAI'TEK XII. Capilulalion ol' Alfxnnilria, Ca|*lur** of Washinulon, Capture ofilie Britifth fleet on Lake Chainplnin, Defeat oftien. I'niclor, BuritinK oi Pelipaut^e, Attack on SionuikCton, Attack on Balllition!, I)»ttat olthe Briiiftli at IMobile Point, Battle ofBritlKfWHter, Destruction of the Avon, Kxpeditiuu Ironi Detroit, CHAPTER xiir. Capture of Persr.nla, BiutlealNew () It-ans, Defeat of the H tali liefore New. Orleans, Lieut. Hhielils' Ifjjr^iedilinn, Lieut. Johiieoir't Expedition, Jackson's AiIjIi < ss to his army. Loss of the Frigate President, Capture of the ^»t. Laurence, Delieat of the Hrilisn al Great Satill river, Gun Boat No KiB, anfl the Erebus Frigate, Caiiture of the Cyane and Ltvant, Capture of the Penguin. APPENDIX. Correspondence, which passed between the coininis.«ioiiers of the two governoients, whilst treatini; for peace, trnnsmitted to fhe Secretary of Slate, iiOS, 3 i 1,315, 310, 32*, 331,340, 344,352, 369, 363, 366,366, Treaty of pence, 368 Tiist of vessels taken from Great Britaio, 377 268 369,271 273 275 276 ib. 177 279 2 SO 282 383 284 286 287 283 289 ib. 29J 295 297 ib. 300 .%! •l ' .Kt ,t, { I -Iff tbr. 1 ,» 6(1 1 f 1 til 1 G.i 1 05 1 » ■ » _ '1 HISTOHY >» or THE WAK. , <■ in' ; II" 51* v.v ti>{f. I.I ' • ..-.,,.,,• , •<'?• •i; ■ ' , „. • ''/f ,. ' h M«V. t il li // 1 •. ..M.» 1. • • . < , .'<..' '. . .• » • ^ I CHAPTER 1. , 'j\'i PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.' ^,,,^l,[ WASHINGTON CITY, NovcMBCiS, 1811 FelloW'Ciiizens of tlie SenalCt and of - . ^ Uie House of iltpraxnlatives. IN calling you together sooner than a separation from your homes would otherwise have been required, I yielded to coMsiderutions drawn from the posture of our foreign af- fairs ; and iu tixinest consult our whole <^|' ^^ipaM^agi|i|^tthe proce^injrt of th« The justice, and fairness which have beep evinced OH the pari 01 the United States towards l^'rance, t>oth befpre and since tlie revocation of her Decrees, authorised an ex« pectation that her government would have fallowed up that measure by all such others as w^re due to our reasonabl^b claims as well as dictated by iLs amicable professions. JSo prool, however, is yet given of an intention to re^iair the other wrongs done to the United States : and particu« larly to restore the great amount of American- proi)eriy seized and condemned undor Edicts, w;hich, though no|. aifecting our neutral relations, and therefore, not enttirinff into questions between the United States and o^her belFi- gerents, were nevertheless fpundeJ in such unjust priricU pies, ^hat the reparation ought to have been prompt ani|[ ample. In addition to this, and other demands of strict right, 'oA that nation, the United States have much reaaon to be dissiitistied with the rigorous and unexpected restriqtiorifi, ^ which their trade with the French dominipni has be^ sub- jected : and which, if not discontiniied* will requife at lea^t corresponding restrictions on importations from Ffan<$ts inU> the Onited ^ates. On a|l those subjects our Minister Plentpotenliary, l^tdiy sent to Paris, has carried with him the necessary instruc- tions ; tbe result of which will be communicated %p yoy, and by ascertaining the ulterior policy of the French got- ernment toward3 Uie United Stales, will enable you to adapt to it that of the United states towards Franc«. Our other foreign relations remain without unfavorable changes. With Kussia they are on the best Noting of friend- ship. The ports of Sweden have afforded proofs of friend- ly dispositions towards our commerce, in the councils 6f that nation also. And the information from out special Minister to Denmark, shews that the mission had been at- tenaed witli valuable effecU to our citizens, whose property had been so extensively violated and endangered by crui- sers under thp panii^ fls^, I 'f^l '*4r4 %A#' f •» u^y s*l< fi'fy/ -^i 12 HISTORY OF THE WAR. Under the ominous indications whicb commanded altcii; tion» it became a duty, to exert the uieans committed to the Executive Department, in providing for the general securi- ty. The works of defence on our maritime frontier have accordingly been prosecuted, with an activity leaving* little to be added for the completion of the most important ones ; and &s particularly suited for co-operation in enteri^enries, a portion of the Gun>Bottts, have, in particular harbors, been ordered into use. The shi|>s of war before in commis- sion, with the addition of a frigate, have been chiefly em- ployed, as a cruizing* guard to the rights of our coast. And sucn a disposition has been made of our land forces, as was thought to promise the services most appropriate and impor- tant. In this disposition is included a force, consisting of regulars and militia, embodied in the Indiana Territory, and inarched towai^s our North-Westem frontier. — This meas- ure M*as made requisite by several murders and depreda- tions committed by Indians ; but more especially by the menacing preparations and aspect of a combiitatioii of them on the Wabash luider the influence and direction of a fa- natic of the Shawanese tribe. With these exceptions, the Indian tribes retain their peaceable dispositions towards us, and their usual pursuits. I must now add, that the period is arrived which claims from the Legislative Guardians of the national rights a sys- tem of more ample provisions for maintaining them. ISol- /withstanding the scrupulous justice, the protracted mode- ration, and the multiplied efl'orts on the part of the United States, to substitute for the accumulating dangers to the peace of the two countries, all the mutual advantages of re-established friendship and confidence ; we have seen that the British Cabinet perseveres not only in withholding a remedy for other wrongs so long and so loudly calling /or it ; but in the execution brought home to the threshold of our territory, of measures which under existing circum- ttances, have the character, as well as the eft'ect of war on our lawful commerce. With this evidence of hostile inflexibility, in trampling on rights which no independent nation can relinquish. Con- gress will feel the duty of putting the United States into an armor, and an attitude, demanded by the crisis, and corresponding with the national spirit and (expectations, 1 ■si 1 recon made ^t: of the rej;;. e.d for a m corps, who urgent ser' of oilier p< tion of the its intrinsii mind you which, in < ufour raili The mi ceeded wi the necess w'\\\ not b( ize an enla Your at sionsy on t for the ser roit to Cor augment t their natui III cont4 mentous e it is imp* among th( portion of borhood. ed forecas an obligal cherish re progress ' order o^tl Under tion of Cc guards a; cial laws every wh ments, w u fraud is state, attf HISTORY OF THE WAR. la I recoTriieri(l accordin£r|y» that adequate provision be mnde ^t-: mt^ the ranks and prolonging^ the enlistments, of the re^i. xartroo}>H : for an auxiliary force, to be engag« ed for a more limited term ; for the ucce|»tance of volunteer corps, whose patriotic ardor may court a participation in urgent services ; for detachments, as they may be wanted, of oilier portions of the militia; and tor such a prepara- tion of the great body, as will proportion its usefulness to its intrinsic capacities. Nor can the occasion fail to re« mind you of the impoi'tance of those military Seminaries, M'hich, in every event, will form a valuable and frugal put of our military establishment. The manufacture of cannon and small arms has pro- ceeded with due success, and the stock and resources of all the necessary munitions are adequate to emergencies. It will not be inexpedient, however, for Congress to author- ize an enlargement of them. Your attention will of course be^drawn to such provi- sions, on the subject of our naval force, as may be I'equired for the services to which it may be best adapted. I sub- mit to Congress the seasonableness also, of an authority to augment the stock of such materials, as are imperishable iu their nature, or may not at once be attainable. In contemplating the scenes which distinguish this mo- mentous epoch, and estimating their claims to ourattention, it is impossible to overlook those developing themselves among the great communities which occupy the southern portion of our own hemisphere, and extend into our neigh- borhood. An enlarged philanthropy, and an enlighten- ed forecast, concur in imposing on the National Councils an obligation to take a deep interest in their destinies : to cherish reciprocal sentiments of good will ; to regard the progress of events ; and not to be unprepared for whatever order o^'things may be ultimately established. Under another aspect of our situation, the early allen- tion of Congress will be due to the expediency of further guards against evasions and infractions of our commer- cial laws. The practice of smuggling, which is odious every where, and particularly criminal in free govern- ments, where the laws being made by all, for the good of all, a fraud is committed on every individual as well as on tliu state, attains its utmost guilt, when it blends, with a pur- '* < (M: , ' 14 0I8TOBY OF T9E WAJK, •ilit of ignoBdinioiu gain, a treacherous tubflerviency in tbi; trarisgreiwors, to a foreign policy, aiivenie to that of tlieir own country. It is then that the virtuous indignation c T the public should b« enabled to manifest itself, through the regular animadversions of the most coin|>etent laws. V To secure greater respect to our mercantile Hag, and to the honest interest which it covers, it is ex|)edieiit also, that it We made punihhable in our citzeiis, to accept licences from foreign governments, for a trade unlawfully interdict- ed by them to other American citizens ; or to trade under falsiB colors or papers of any sort. A prohibition is equally called for, against the accept-^ ance, by our citizens ot special licences, to be used i|i a trade with the United Stales ; and at^'ainst the admission into particular ports of the United States, of vessels from foreign countries, authorised to trade with particular ports on'y. Aithouirh other subjects will press more immediately on your deliberations, a portion of them cannot but be well be- stowed, on the just and sound policy of securing to our manufactures the success they have attaineil, and are stil) attaining, in some degree, under the impulse of causes not pei'inanent ; and to our navigation, the fair extent of which it is at present abridged by the uiiequai regulations of for- eign governments. ^udurii^-n UKia. .-; ' Besides the reasonableness of saving our manufacturers from sacrifices which a change of circumstances might bring on them, the national interest reqiires, that, with res^ pect to such articles at least as belong to our defence, and our primary wants, we should not be left in unnecessary dependence on external supplies. And whilst for- eign governments adhere to the existing discriminations iu ^eir ports against our navigation, and an equality or lea- ser discrimination is enjoyed by their navigation in our ports, the effect cannot be mistaken, because it has been seriously felt by our shipping interests ; and in proportioo as this takes place, the advantages of an independent con- Teyauce of our products to foreign markets, and of a growr ing body of manners, trained by their occupations for the service of their couutry in times of danger, must be diiiin- ished. ' - -r ,. ..,^^... nnrroRT ov tvb wab. li Th^ receipts into Ihe Treanary, durih{|r the year, vmling on the thirtieth of September letl, have exceeded thirteea ImillionA anil a half of dollars, and have enabled as to de* ^rAy the current expenses, inekH)in|^ the interest on the public debt, and to reimburse more than five millions of dollars ot the principal, without recurring to the loan au» thorized by the act of the last session. The temporarjr loan obtained in the latter end of the year one thousand eijrht hundred and ten, has also been reimbursed, and is not included in that amount The decrease of revenue, arising from the situation of our commerce and the extraordinary expences which have and may become necessary, must be taken into view, ta making; commensurate provisions for the ensuing year^ And I recommend to your consideration the propriety of ensuring a sufficiency of annual revenue, at least to defray the ordinary expences of government, and to pay the inter- est on the public debt, including that on new loans which mav be authorized. I cannot close this communication without expressing my deep sense of the crisis in which you are assembled ; my confidence in a wise and honorable result to vour oeiioer- ations, and assurances of the faithful zeal with which my co-operating duties will be discharged ; invoking at the same time, the blessing of heaven on our beloved country, and on all the means, that may be employed in vindicating its rights, and advancing its welfare. (Signed) ■■ JAMES MADISON, t OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE, nA BEFEKRED TO IN TUE PRECEDING MESSAGE* ii:H Mr, Foster to Mr. Monroe. - ? r Washington, July 3, 1811. it SIR— I have had the honor of stating to you verbally the system of defence to which his majesty has been compelled to resort for the purpose of protecting the marititue rights and interests of his dominions against the nsw description of warfare that has been adopted by his enemies. I have pre- sented to you the grounds upon which his majesty iinds himself still obliged to continue that system, and I conceive that I shall best meet your wishes as expressed to me this morning, if in a more formal shape i should lay before you 1 1 ( ; 1 . 1 '■i i ■ i ■.| 1 i s w ■ 1 ■■r \ .%■■ I 4 tj [- 4-^ ,! i HISTORY OF THE WAK. i!!^'^^ !|^f the irbole extent of the question, an it appears to hJR mftjttSh ty's government to exist between Great-Urilain and Amer- ica. ^ '^'lit tlHii IHitJ "U iiilt '( / I beg leave to c^tl your attention, sir, to the principles on which his majesty *s Orders in Council were ori^inallyil'ound- ed. The Decree of BeHin was directly and expressly an act of war, by which France prohibited all nations from trade or intercourse with Great-Britain under peril of con> fiscation of their ships and merchandize ; although France had not the means of imposing an actual blockade in any degree adequate to such a pi)rf)ose. The immediate and professed object of this hostile D«rcree was the destruction of all British commerce through means entirely unsanctioned by the law of nations, and unauthorised by any received doctrine of legitimatt? blockade. This violation of the established law of civilized nations in war, would have justified Great-Britain in retaliating upon the enemy by a similar interdiction of all commerce with France, and with such other countries as might co-op- erate with France iu her system of commercial hostility against Great-Britain. ,.. j?. .,,;fj-, -v,^ ,^v. . .F The object of Great-Britain was not, however, the des- truction of trade, but its preservation under such regula- tions as might be[compatible with her own security, at the aame time that she extended an indulgence to foreign com- merce, which strict principles would have entitled her to withhold. The retaliation of Great-Britain was not there- fore urged to the full extent of her right ; our prohibition of French trade was not absolute, but modified ; and in re- turn for the absolute prohibition of ail trade with Greal- Britain, we prohibited not all commerce with France, but all such commerce with France as should not be earned on through Great-Britain. » /7/ if Jt was evident that this system must prove prejudicial to neutral nations ; this calamity was foreseen, and deeply re- gretted. But the injury to the neutral nation arose iroia the aggression of France, which had compelled Great-Bri- tain in her own defence to resort to adequate retaliatory measures of war. The operation on the American com- merce of those precautions, which the conduct of France had rendered indispensable to our security, is therefore to he ascribed to the unwarrantable aggression of France, and IJI.'^TOUV Ol' HIE WAK. 17 viul lu ihoscnrocecdini^sontlic piu'lui' (ircat-nrilaiii, which that ag«;;re8Si'jn hail reiulcTcd necoNsary ami jiUit. The objfol u\' our system was merely lo cuunteract an at- tempt lo crush the BnLish traile ; Great-IVitain ciideavur- cd to permil the coittinejit to receive as hir^e a portion of commerce as mif^ht he practicable, throi^g^h Greal-Brihiin; and ull her subsequent regulations, and every modiHcation of her system by new orders or modes of ^rantine^ or with- holding licences^ have been calculated for the purpose of encouraging the trade of neutrals through (ireat-Britain, whenever such encouragement might appear advantageous to the general interests of commerce, and consistent with the public safety of the nation. The justiiication of his mi- jesty's Orders in Council, and the continuance of that de- fence, have always been rested upon the existence of the Decrees of Berlii>and Milan, and on the perseverance of the eoemy in the system of hostility, which has subverted the rights of neutral commerce on the continent ; and it has always been declared on the part of his majtsly*s govern- ment, that whenever France should have effectually repeal- ed the Decrees of Berlin and Milan, and should have re- stored neutral commerce to the condition in which it stood previously to the promulgation of those Decrees, we should immediately repeal our Orders in Council. , . France has asserted that the Decree of Berlin was a measure of just retaliation on her part, occasioned by our pi'evious ao-jri-ession ; and th« French government has in- sisted that our system of blockacit. as it existed previously to the Decree of Ber« ill, was a manifest violation of the re- ceived law of nations ; we must therefore, sir, refer to the ariides of the Berlin Decree, to find the principles of our system of blockade, which France considers to be new, and contrary to the law of nations. By the 4th and 8lh articles it i*? stated as a justiticalioii of the French Decree, that Great-Britain * extends to unfor- tified towns and con^mercial ports, to harbors, and to the mouthy of rivers, those rights of blockade, which by the rea- son and the usage of nations, are applicable only to fortified places ; and that the rights of blockade ought to be limit- , ed to fortresses really invested by a sufiicient force. It is added in the same articles that Great-Brittin * has declared places to be in a slate of blockade, before which 3 :i ■ i ' Ift HISTORY OF TBC WAR, she has not a sing^le ship of war, and even places trhich the whole British force would be insufficient to blockade ; en- tire coasts, and a whole empire.* Neither the practice of Great- Britain, nor the law of na- tions, has ever sanctioned the rale now laid down by France, thai no place excepting fortresses in a complete state of investiture, can be deemed lawfully blockaded by sea. If such a rule were to be admitted, it would become nearly impracticable for Great-Britain to attempt the block- ade of any port of the continent, and our submission to this perversion of the law of nations, while it would destroy one of the principal advantages of our naval superiority, would sacrifice the common rights and interests of all maritime states. It was evident that the blockade of May, 1806, was the principal pretended justification of the IJecree of Berlin, thou^n neither the principles on Which that blockade was founded, nor its practical operatioa, afforded any color for the proceedings of France. ' In point of date, the blockade of May, 1806, torisceded the Berlin Decree ; but it was a just and legal blockade according to the established law of nations, because it was intended to be maintained, and was actually maintained by an adequate force appointed to guard the whole coast de- scribed in the nctification, and consequently to enforce the blockade. Great-Britain has never attempted to dispute, that in the ordinary course of the law of nations,' no blockade can be justifiable or valid unless it be supported by an adequate Ibrce destiued to maintain it, and to expose !o hazard all vessels attempting to evade its operation. The blockade of May, 18<)6, was notified by Mr. Secretary Fox, on this clear principle, nor was that blockade announced until he had satisfied himself by a communication with his majesty *s Board of Admiralty, that the Admiralty possessed the means and would employ them, of watching the whole coast from Brest to the £lbe^ and of eflectually enforcing the blockade. The blockade of May, 1806, was therefore (according to the doctrine maintained by Great-Britain) just and law- ful in its origin, because it was supported by both in inten- HISTORY OF THE WAIi. \^ fion nnJ fuct by an adeniiate naval force. This was the justification of thai blockade, until the ^leriod of tiiu« when the Orders in Council were issued. The Orders in Council were founded on a distinct prin- ciple, that of defensive retaliation. France had declared a blockade of all the ports and coasts of Great- Britain, and , her dependencies, without assigning, or being able to assign, any force to support that blockade. Such an act of the eo- eoiy would have justified a declaration of the blockade of the whole coast of France, even without the application of any particular force to that service. Since the promulga- tion of the Orders in Council, the blockade of May, 1800, lias been sustained and extended by the more coinprehen- sive system of defensive retaliation on which tliON'e regula- tions are founded. But if the Orders in Council should be abrogated, the blockade of May, 1806, could not continue under our construction of the law of nations, unless that blockade should be maintained by a due application of an adequate naval force. America appears to concur with France in asserting that Great-Bi'itain was the original aggressor in the attack on neutral rights, and has particularly objected to the blockade of May, 180G, as an obvious instance of that aggression on the part of G reat-Britai o. / , v , ' ^ Although the doctrines of the fieri in Decree, respecting the rights of blockade, are not directly asserted by the American government, Mr. Pinckney s correspondence would appear to countenance the principles on which those doctrines are founded. The objection direclV stated by America against the blockade of May, 180u, rests on a supposition that no naval force which Great- Britain pos- sessed, or could have employed for such a purpose, could have rendered that blockade effectual, and, that therefore it was necessarily irregular, and could not possibly be main- tained in conformity to the law of nations. Reviewing the course of this statement, it will appear that the blockade of May, 1S|0G, cannot be deemed contrary to the law of nations, either under the objections urged by the French, or under those declared or insinuated by the Amer- ican government, because that blockade was maintained by a sufficient nsivai force; that the Decree of Berlin was not therefore justified ei^^er, under the pretext alledged by ■ m •^"pi* rr M ^ *20 III.STOKV or THE \\\n France, or uiuWiIiohc Kiippoihtl l)y Aiiu.im a , lliat llic Oi - ; ders ill Cuuncil wer^ founded on a JMst principle of defciikivo [• j'ctalinlioii against the violation oftlieliiw of nations com* mittcd by France in the Decrpo of l)i>rlin ; (hat the hlock- adeofMay, 180(>, is now included in the uiom; rxlonsive operation of the Orders in Council ; and lastly, that the Oi « ders in Council will not bo continued beyond the eflfert^ual duration of the hostila decrees of France, nor will the block- ade of May, 18()(5, continue after the repeal of the Orders in Council, unless his majesty's j^ovcrninent Khali think fit to sustain it by the special application of a sufHcient nnvnl force. This fact will not be snflfered ^o remain in doubt, and if the re{)^al of the Orders in Council should take place, the intention of his mnje»ity*» grpvernment rcspecliu}^ the. blockade of May, 1806, will be notified at the same time. I need not recapitulate to you the sentiments of his ma- jesty's government, so often repeated, on the subject of the French Minister's note to General Armstrong, dated the 6th of last August. The studied ambiguity of t^at note has since been amply explained by the conduct and language of the government of France, of which one of the most re- markable instance^ is to be found in the $[)cech of the chief of the French government on the 1 7lh of last month to cer- tain deputies from the frep cities of Hamburgh, Bremen, and Lubeck, wherein he declares that the Berlin and Milan Decrees shall bo the public code of France as long ns England maintains her Orders in Council of 1806, and 1807. Thus pronouncing as plainly as language will admit, that the system of violence ".nd inJMstice of which he is the founder, xyill he maintaineti by him until the defen- sive measures of retaliation to which they gave rise qn the part or Great-Britain i^hall be abandoned. •- . • -^-^ If other proofs were necessary to show the continued ex- istence of those obnoxious Decrees, they may be discover- ed in the Imperial Edict dated at Fontainbieau, October 19, 1810 J that monstrous production of violence, in which they are made the basis of a' system of general and unex- ampled tyranny and oppression over all countries subject to, a^'.ied with, or within the reach of the power of France , in the report of the French minister for foreign affairs dated last December, and in the letter of the French minister of justice to the president of the council of prizes. To tliih tatter, sir, ihe d;ite \^ most uiirp 4)1' Massa, in const<| lamatidn ihalthe !• to sncli i< HUot«'s at tlie new a au evideni American INldan De -jfovernme judgment the Amer pledges f( Can th( ed at the the Unitei non-impoi at this mc which I hi For even it is clear that not b Orleans 1 Green, se sing und€ very evid being trc that the c Ameri ns it respi form me, their Liiai Novemb( been res France s America olherwis( ihn revo( HISTORY OI Tilt: WAR. -•1 latter, sir, I woiiM wisji parliciilirly lu niviU; your uUcnlitr, ihc :iutlhriiy it comes from most iiiir|tio.slioiiul>l<), ami you will there tiiui, .sir, the Duku of Massii, ill i^iviii^ liin instriiclioiiN to ilie eoiiticil of pn/es ill consicpieaei* of tlic PresiiUiit of the United Stales' proc- lamation of Novcnilit r '.\, iiiosl rauliouHly avoidiii"^ to nHMert thut the FrcMu li Dirrcrs were repealed, mid asicriliin)^ iiui to i^ncli re|)t>;i1, l>ul to tiit.' anii)i<;'nunK pusnuge which ho <|uot«'s at l»ii|^lh from M. Champamiy's letter of August f>, the new attitude tjken by America ; and you will uUu tiiid au evidence iu the same letter of the continued capture of American ships atlcr November, and under the Berlin and Milan Decrees, liaviiig- been contemplated by the French jXovernment, since there is a special direction given for judgment on such ships being suspended in consequence of the American proctamulion, and for their being kept as pledges for its enforcement. . . .,/,...>,/ : i . Can thqn, sir, these Decrees be said to have been repeal*- ed at the period when the proclamation of the President of the United States appeared* or when America enforced her non-importation act a"[ainst Great-Britain ? Are they so ui this moment ? To the iirst question, the stale papers which I have referred to, appear to give a sufficient answer. For even supposing that the repeal has since taken place, it is clear that on November 3, there was no question as to that not beipg then the case ; the capture of the ship New- Orleans Packed seized at Bordeaux, and the Grace- Ann- Cireen, seized at or carried into Marseilles, being cases ari- sing under the French Decrees of Berlin and Milan, a '1 1> H\ I h'l 1 ftft, HISTORY OF TBK \l All. TIjc If ars ot Ihe French navy, however, prevent ninny c&ACft of the kinrtt uf France, hut in those of all other vT^untries to which France thiukM she can commit injustice vith impunity. Great-Britain has a right to complain thatncutt al nations should overlook the very worst features uf these, extraordi- nary acts, and should suffer their trade to be made a medi- um of an unprecedented, violent, and monstrous system of attack upon ner resources ; a species of warfare unutlempl- ed by any civilized nation before the present period. I^ot only has America suffered her trade to be moulded into the means of annoyance to Great-Britain under the provisions of the French JJecrees, but as construing those llecrees as extinct, upon a deceitful declaration of the French Cabinet, she has enforced h^r Don-iroportation act against Gr^^t- Isritam. < Under these circumstances, I am instructed by my gov- ernment, to urge to that of the United States, the injustice of thus enforcing that act against his majesty's dominions, and 1 cannot but hope that a spirit of justice will induce the United States' government to re-consider the line of con- duct they have pursued, and at least to re-establish their former slate of strict neutrality. ' " ' , . ' r I have only to add, sir, that, on my part, I shall ever be ready to meet you on any opening which may seem to af- ford a prospect of restoring complete harmony between the two countries, and that it will at all times give me the great- est "itisfaction to treat with you on the im^iortaut concerns ir ^resting to both. '\' V, 1 have the honor to be, &c. AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER. ,' Mr. Foster to Mr. M our or, Washington, July 11, 1811. SIR — In consequence of our conversation of yesterday, and the observations vvliich vou made respecting that paii of my letter to you of the 3d uist. wherein I have alluded to ^iie f' inciple on which his majesty's Orders in Council were orig'anally founded, I think it right to explain myself, in or- niSTORY or TRB WAK. 23 der to prevent any poMxilile miitake nn to the preif lU Nitua' tion of neulrnl trade iviih \\\n majesty's enemies. It will only be neccMHiiry for me to repeat what has al- ready, lon|^ Hinre, been annoiuircd to the American ^t- erimient, namely, that liiK roaje»ty*ii Order in Council of April 26, 1800, sup^rreded ilio*»e of November, 1807, and releived the system of retaliation adopted by his majesty against his enemies from what was considerea in this coan- try ns the most objectionable part of it ; the option given to neutrals to trade with the enemies of Great- Britain, through British ports, on payment of a transit duty. This explanation, sir, will, I trust, be sufficient te do aviray any impression that you may have received to the contrary from niy observations respecting the effects virhicb his ma- jesty's Orders in Council originally had on trade of neutral nations. Those observations were merely meant as prelim- inary to a consideration of the question now at issue between the two countries. 1 have the honor to be, with the highest consideration and respect, sir, your most obedient huml)le servant, AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER. .! Mr, Foster to Mr, Monroe. " ' Washington, July 14, 1811. SIR — His majesty's packet boat having been s) long detained, and a fortnight having elapsed since my arrival at this capitol, his royal highness, the prince regent will ne- cessarily expect that I should have to transmit to his royal highness some official communication as to the line of con- duct the American government mean to pursue. I trust you will excuse me therefore, sir, if without pressing for a detailed answer to my note of the 3d inst. I anxiously desiret to know from you what is the President's determination with res^toct to suspending the operation of the late Act ot Congi'ess prohibiting all importation from the British do- minions. There have been repeated avowals lately made bv the government of France, that the Decrees of Berlin anrf Mi- lan w«^re still in full force, and the nets of that government have corres|)onded with those avowals. The measnrcs of retaliation pursued by Great-Britain a^auist those De'.iV' s are consequently to the great regret of his royal hjffhnes still necfx?arily continued. »ii ,, , r 1!^ 24 UlSrOI^y, OF TH^ WAU. [ have hud the honor to state to you the light iti which his royalhififhness, the prince regent viewed the Proclamation of the President ot Ia«t November, and Ihe surprise wilh wliich be ieariit the subsequent measures of Congress a]i;ainst the BritJMh trade. ,/• :, ; V - . - «- -^r- /»; American Khip$ siczed under his majesty *s Orders in Council even after that Proclamatiju appeared, were nut jjnimediately conilemned, because it was believed that the in- ^idious professions of France might have led the American government, and the merchants of America into an erojic- ous construction of the intentions of France. "V * ; :, V But when the veil was thrown aside, and the French ru- ler hunself avowed the continued c\istenco of his invariable system, it was not expected by his royal highness that Amer- ica would have refused to retrace the steps she had taken. Fresh proofs have since occurred of the resolution of the French government to cast away all consideration of Ihc rights of nations in the unprecedented warfare they have adopted. ,^ ,>...!, ,vi.;ij ^ . . . ; ...,*n America however still persists in her injurious measures as:Ainst the commerce of Great-Britain, and his roval hi<;h- ness has in consequence been obliged to look to means of retaliation against those measures which his royal highness cannot but consider as most unjustifiable. .„ 'How desirable would it not be, sir, if a stop could be put to any material progress in such a system of retaliation, u'hich, from step to step may lead to the most unfriendly sit- uation between the two countries ? His majesty's government will necessarily be guided in a great degree by the contents of my first despatches as to the conduct they must adopt towards America. . Allow me then, sir, to repeat my request to learn from you whether I may not convey what I know would be most grateful to his royal highness' feelings, namely, the hope that he may be enabled, by the speedy return of America from her unfriendly altitude towards Great-Britain, to for- get altogether that he ever was obliged to have any omer object in view besides that of endeavoring to promote the best understanding possible between the two countries, I have the honor to be, with the highest consideration, sir, vourmost obedient humble servant, Arr.r.«=^Tv:s ,r. foster. HISTORY OF THK WAR. Mr. ' t .t ■> Foster to Mr. Monroe. * . . i I- Washington, July 16, 1811. SIR — I had Ihe honor to receive the letter which you addressed to nie under yesterds«y's date, requesting an ex- planation from me, in consequence of my letters of the 3d and 14th inst. of the precise extent in which a repeal of the French Decrees is by his majesty's government, made a condition of the repeal of the British Orders, and particu- larly whether the condition embraces the seizure of vessels and merchandize entering French ports in contravention of French regulations, as well as the capture on the high seas, of neutral vessels and their cargoes, on the mere allegation that lliey are bound to or from British ports, or that they have on board British productions or manufactures ; as also, stating that in your view of the French Decrees, they comprise regulations esstatially diifereiit in their principles, some of them violating the neutral rights of the United States, others operating against Great-Britain without any sucii violation. You will permit me, sir, for the purpose of answering your questions as clearly and concisely as possible, to bring* into view the French Decrees themselves, together with the official declarations of the French minister which accompa- nied them. In the body of those Decrees, and in the declarations al> liided to, you will tind, sir, express avowals that the princi- ples on which they were founded, and provisions contained in them, are wholly new, unprecedented, and in direct con- tradiction to alt ideas of justice and the principles and usa- ges of all civilized nations. The French government did not pretend to sr> that any one of the regulations contained in those Decrees was a regulation which France had ever been in the previous practice of. They were consequently to be considered^ and were in- deed allowed by France herself to be, all of them, parts of a new system of warfare, unauthorised by the established lawi^ of nations. It is in this light in which France herself has placed her Decrees, that Great-Britain is obliged to consider them. The submission of neutrals to any regulations made by France, authorised by the laws of nations, and practised in former wars, will never be complpincd of bv Great-Britain • 1 It I 1 ; ( jr M i ' Ml i-. mi « I' ?0 lllSTORV OF THE WAR. I : but the reg^ulatioiis of tlie Berlin iiiid Milan Decrees do, anfi arc declared to violate the laws of nationn, and the rights of neutrals, for the purpose of attackiii^r through them the re- soui'ces of Great Britain. The ruler of France has drawn- no distinction between any of them, nor has he dechired the cessation of any one of them in the speech whicb he so lately addressed to the deputation from the free Imperial Haiise Towns, which was on the contrary a conf rmatioii uf them all. Not until the French Decrees therefore shall be eflfeclu- ally repealed, and thereby neutral commerce be restored to the situation in which it stood previously to their promulga- tion, can his> royal highness conceive himself justified, con- sistently with what he owes to the safety and honor of Great- Britain, in foregoing the j.ust measures of retaliation which liis majesty in hisdetbnce wa» necessitated t(> adopt against tliem. 1 trust, sir, that this explanation in> answer to your en- quiries vtill be considered by you sufficiently satisfactory ^ should you require any further, and which i>t may be in my power to give, I shall with the greatest cheerfulness afford it. I sincerely hope, however, that no further delay will be thought necessary by the President in restoring the relations of amity which should ever subsist between America and Great-Bt'itain,. a» the delusions attempted by the government of France have now been made manifest,, and the perfidious plans of its ruler exposed ; by which, while he adds to, and agravates his system of violence against neutral trade, he en- deavors to throw all the odium of his acts upon Great-Bri- tiain with a view to engender discord between the neutral countries, and the only power which stands up as a bulwark against his eBJi>t'ts at universal tyranny aitd op|M'ession. Excuse me, sir, if I express my wish as-eai'ly as possible to dispatch his majesty's packet boat with the result of our communications^ as his majesty's government will necessa* rily be most anxious to hear from me. Any short period of lime, however, which may appear to you to be reasonable, I will not hesitate to detain her. 1 have the honor to be, &c. AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER M mSTORY OF Tire WAR. rh ii- ••"f • iU. < • Mr. Monroe to Mr. Foster. Dkpartmrnt op State, July 23d, 1811. f^IR — I have Niihinitlecl to the Presiilent ywir several ktters of the 3d and Kith of this month relative to the Bri- tish Orders in Council and the blockade of iMay, 18(Ki, and I have now the honor to coniniunicate to you his sentinientn on the view which yon have presented of those noeasnresof your government. It was hoped thai your communioalton would have led to an immediate accommodation of tl>e differences subsis- ting between our countries, on the ground on which alone it is possible to meet you. It is regretted that you have confined yourself to a vindication of the measures which produced some of them. The Unitfetl States are as little disposed now, as hereto- fore, to enter into the question concerning the priority of ag- gression by the two belligerents, which could not be justi- fied by either, by the priority of those of the other. Jint as you bring forward that plea in support of the Orders in Council, I must be permitted to remark that you have your- self furnished a conclusive answer to it, by admitting that the blockade of May 1806, which was prior to theftrsiof the French Decrees, would not be legal, unless supported through the whole extent of the coast, from the Elbe to Brest, by an adequate naval force. That such a naval force was actually applyed and continued in the requisite strict- ness until that blockade was comprised in and superceded by the Orders of November of the following year, or even until the French Decree of the same year, will not, I presumcv be alleged. But waving this question of priority, ciin it \ye seen with- out both surprise and regret, that it is still contended, that the Orders in Council are justified by the principle of retal- iation, and that this principle :h Atrcngthened by the in- ability of France to enforce her Decrees. A retaliation is, in its name, and its essential character, a returning like for like. Is the th^adly blow of the Orders in Council against one half of our commerce, a return of like for like to an empty threat in the French Decrees, against the other half? It may be a vindicative hostility, as far as its effects fall on the enemy. But when falling on a neutral, who on ?J0 pretext can be liable for more than the lueasureof inju- Sill \ ■>: k' 28 HISTORY OV THE WAIl. ry received through such neutral, it wquld not be a retalia- tion, but a positive wron^, by the plea on which it i» founded. • It is to be further remarked that the Orders in Council vfeni even beyond the plea^ such as this has appeared to b<', in extending its operation against the trade of the United States, with nations which, hke Russia, had not adopted the French Decrees, and with all nations which had merely excluded the British flag ; an exclusion resuiling as a mai-r ter of course with respect to wiuilever nation Great-Bi'itaiu might happen to be at war. I am far from viewing the modification originally con* tained in these Orders, which permits neutrals to prosecute their trade with the continent, through Great-Britain, in the favorable light in which you represent it. It is impossible to proceed to notice the eft'ect of this modification without expressing our astonishment at the extravuganre of the po- litical pretension set up by it : a pretension which is utterly incompatible with the sovreignty and indepenOenpe of other states. In a conimercial view, it is not less objectionable, a it cannot fail to prove destructive to neutral commerce. As an enemy, Great-Britain cannot trade with France. Nor does France permit a neutral to come into her pofU frotti Great- Britain. The attempt of Great- Britain to force our trade through her ports, would have therefore the com- mercial effect of depriving the United States altogether of the market of her enemy for their productions, and of de- stroying their value in her market by a surcliarge of it. Heretofore it has l^een the usage of belligerent nations to carry on their trade through the intervention of neutrals ; and this had the beneficial effect of extending to the former the advantages of peace, while suffering under the calami- ties of war. To reverse the rtile, and to extend to nations at peace, the calamities of war, is a change as novel and ex- traordinary as it is at variance with justice and public law. Against this unjust system, the United Slates entered, at an early period, their solemn firotest. They considered it their duty to evince to the world their high disapprobation of it, and they have done so by such acts as were deemed most consistent with the rights and policy of the nation. Remote from the contentious scene which desolates Europe, it has been their uniform object to avoid becoming a party to the war.— With this view they have endeavorecl to rnlti- IIISTORY OF THE WAR. SO i vatefrienclslup with both parties, by n system of coufluct which ought to have produceii that etifect. They have (lone jusitice to each party in every transaction in which they have been separately engaged with it. Titey have observ- «d the impartiahty which was due to both, as bethgereiits, standing on equal groiiiul, having in no instance given a preference to either at tiie expense of the other. They have Imrne, too, with equal indulgence, injuries from both, being willing while it was possible, to impute them to casualties inseparable from a cause of war, and not to a deliberate in- tention to violate their rights; and even when that intention could not be mistaken, liiey have not lost sight of the ulti- mate object of their policy. In the measures to which they have been compelled to resort, they have in all respects maintained pacific relations with both parties. The alter- native presented by their late acts, was offered equally to both, and could operate on neither, no longer than it should persevere in its aggressions on our neutral rights. The em- bargo and non-intercourse, were peaceful measures. The regulations which they imposed on our trade were such as any nation might adopt in peace or war, without oflfencc to any other nation. The nQUrimportation is of the same character, and if it makes a distinction at this time, in its operation between the belligerents, it necessarily results from a compliance of one with the offer made to both, and which is still open to the compliance of the other. In the discussions which have taken place on the subject of the Orders in Council and blockade of May, 1800, the British government in conformity to the principle on which the Orders in Council are said to be founded, declared that they should cease to operate as soon as France revoked her Edicts. It was stated also, that the British government would pro- ceed pari passut with the government of France, in the re- vocation of her Kdicts. I will proceed to shew that the ob- ligation on Great-Britain to revoke her Orders is complete, according to her own engagements and that the revocation ought not to be longer delayed. By the act of May 1st, 1810, it is provided, * That if either Great-Britain or France should cease to violate the neutral commerce of the United States, which fact the Pre- sident should declare by proclamation, and the other party should not within three n^ontlis thereafter revoke or modify H I'l so nrSTCHlY OF THE WAR. ■ ! 1 i lis Eilicls in like innnner, that then certain sections in a former act intertlictinjZf the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great- Britain and France and their dependencies, should from and after the expiration of throe months from the date of tlie proclamation, he revived and have full force ag^ainst the former, its colonies and depen- dencies, and against all articles the growth, |»ro(luce, or manufacture of the same.' '; "" •' t- ,.,. The violations of neutral commerce alluded to in ihis act, were such as were committed on the high seas. It was in the trade between the {United Slates and tlie British domin- ions, that France had violated the mjutrat rights of the United States by her blockading Edicts. It was with the trade of France and her allies that Great-Britain had com- mitted similar violations by similar Edicts. It was the re- vocation of those Edicts, so far as they committed such vio- lations, which the United States had in view, when they passed the law of May 1st, 1810. On the 6th of August, 1810, tlie French minister of foreign affairs addressed a note to the minister plenipotentiary of the United States at Paris, informing him that the Decrees of Berlin and Mi- lan were revoked ; the revocation to take effect on the 1st of November following: that the measure had been taken by his government in confidence that the British govern- ment would revoke its Orders, and renounce its new prin- ciples of blockade, or that the United States would cause their rights to be respected, conformably to the art of May 1st, 1810. This measure of the French government was founded on the law of May Isl, 1810, as is expressly declared in the let- ter of the Duke of Cadore announcing it. The Edicts of Great- Britain, the revocation of which were expected by France, were those alluded to in that act ; and the means by which the United States should cause their rights to be respected, in case Great-Britain should not revoke her Edicts, were likewise to be found in the same act. They consisted merely in the enforcement of the non-importation act agamst Great-Britain, in that unexpected and improba- ble contingency. The letter of (he 5th of August, which announced the re- vocation of the French Decrees, was communicated to this .govcrnmciil, in ronscqucnce of which the President issued m fj .1 proclam on \%hich in which I wf May 1^ lation to F consequen (lid not re rate on he place. S rnary last, clamation following. Grcat-I pretension iniprcNsioi injustice b lier. The Ui Edicts, so contempla that groui Britain a i The rev ister of foi United St itself suffic correspond dared th: with Frail the FrencI i'unclude I repeal of t lion of the of the Edi sequence ! operation ♦)f procectJ aiid such I each olhei of each to good faith tilutcs ha (f' HISTORY or niE WAR. nt a proclamation on the '2^\ of Nuvrmber, the day nAer that on v%hich the repeal of tlie French Decrees was to t;ikccflect in wliich lie (tcclared that ail reslriclionM imposed l»y the act Mf May ]>t, 1810, should cease and he discontinued in ro« lation to France and herdepeiidencie.H. It was a necessary iiuporlalion againsl lier. The Uniled States maintain that France has revoked her Edicts, so far a» they violated their neutral rightii, and were contemplated by the liiw of May 1st, 1810, and have ou that ground particularly claimed and do expect of Greal- Britain a similar revocation. The revocation announced officially by the French min- ister of foreign affairs, to the minister plenipotentiary of the United States at Paris, on the 6th of August, 1810, was in itself sufficient to justify the claim of the United States to a correspondent measure from (>reat-Britaiu. She had de- clared that .she would proceed pari passu in the repeal with France^ and the day being iixed when the repeal of the French Decrees should take eft'ect, it was reasonable to conclude thut Great-Britain would hx the same day for the repeal of her Orders Had this been done, the proclama- tion of the President would have announced the revocatiou of the Edicts of both powers at the same time, and in con- sequence thereof the non-importation would have gone into operation against neitlier. — Such, too, is the natural course of proceeding in transactions between independent states ; and such the conduct which they generally observe towards^ each other. In all comp.icts between nations, it is the duty of each to perform what it stipulates, and to presume on tho good faith of the other for a like performance. The United Stales havings made a pr(vposal to both belligerrnts were U I i IV i'l ffm HISTORY OF THE WAK. hound to accept a compliance from either, and it was no objection to the Fr&itch compliance, thut it was in a form to take eflfect at a future day ; that being a tbrni not unu.sual ill otlier pui>lic acts ; even when iialioiiM are at wiir and make pence, tins obiigatiun of neutral confidence exiNtsand is respected. In treaties of counnt-rce, by which their fu- ture intercoiir»e is to be p^ovcnied, the obligation is the sani ;. — If distrust and jealousy are allowed to prevail, tlie moral tie, which binds nations to^^ether in all their n;lut. , in war, as well as in peace, is broken. What would Great-Britain have hazarded by a prom|)t compliance in the manner sugy^esttd ? Sha had declared that she had adopted the restraints imposed by her Orders in Council with reluctance, because of their distressing effect on neutral powers. Here then was a favorable op- portunity presented to her, to withdraw from that measure with honor, be the conduct of France, afterwards, xWiat it might. Had Great-Britain revoked her Orders, and France failed to fulfil her engagement, she would have gained credit nt the expense of France, and could have sustained no in- jury by it, because the failure of France to maintain her faith would have replaced Great-Britain at the point from which she had departed. To say that a disappointed reli- ance on the good faith of her enemy, would have reproach- ed her foresight, would be to set a higher value on that quality, than on consistency and good faith, and would sac- rifice to a mere suspicion towards an enemy, the plain obli- gations of justice towards a friendly power. Great-Britain has deolined proceedin<^ jMtri passu with France in the revocation of their respective Edicts. She has held aloof, and claims of the United States, proof, not only that France has revoked her Decrees, but that she con- tinues to act in conformity with the revocation. To shew that the repeal is respected, it is deemed suffi- cient to state, that nut one vessel has been cuitdemned by French tribunals, on thp principles of those Decrees, since the Isl of November last. — The Nevv-Orleaus packet from Gibraltar to Bordeaux, was detained but never condemned. The Grace-Ann-Green, from the same British port, to Mar- seilles, was likewise detained, but afterwards delivered up unconditionally to the owner, as was such part of the cargo of the New-Orleans packet as consisted of the produce of i( i HISTORY OF tWt VITAtU 8d the United Stales. Both these vesneU proceeHin? from a British p<»rt, cnrried cargoeN, MMne articleM of which in each, were pruhibited by the lawn of France, or admissible by ttia sanction of the government alone. It does not a^ .-Mur that their dtiention was imputable to any other cause. If impu- table to tlie circumstance of pansing from a British to a French port, or on account of any part of their cargoes, it affords no canse of complaint in Great- Britain, as a viola- tion o\' \ter neutral rif^hts. No such cause would be afford- ed, even in a case of condemn-ition. The right of com- plaint, would hr ve U^ionged to the United States. In denying' t iie revocation of the Decrees, so far as it is a proper subject of discussion l)etween us, it might reasona- bly be expected that you would pro , There is nothing in the first of these papers incompatible with the revocation of the Decrees, in respect to the United States, it i« distinctly declared by the Emperor in his speech to the deputies of the Hunse Towns, that the block- ade of the British Islands shall cease when the British blockades cease ; and that the French blockade shall cease ill favor of those nations in whose favor Great Britain re- vokes hers, or who support their rights against her preten- ,sion, as France admits the United States will do, by enforc- ing the non-importation act. The same sentiment is ex- pressed in the report of the ministers of foreign affairs.— The Decree of Funtainbleuu having no effect on the high seas, cannot be brought into this discussion. It evidently has no connection with neutral rights. The letter from the minister of justice, to the President of the Council of prizes, is of a dif&rent character. It relates in direct terms to thri 1;. I, 1 f H ' -■ < It 'I I *ii '. \&f . A. ft I 4. I h H UlSTOHV OF THE WAB. mibjecf but hot in llie senne in which you understand it. Aftf r rccilingf the note from the duke of'Cndore uf the 6tk Au|irneeu more multiplied^ I need notrewiiiil you that a cause is to be found in the nu- merous captures under your Orders in Council, which coa- tinuc to c\ ter » failui lint On that she oi the comm which it s issued ; u to the Uni trade with tarn shouh whom she extended against Gi proposed ' their situ: those of ai none in re Or do yoi Great-Bri Between < of either I] always co country \ The laws them, whi ation are i remote thi between ( would nol Great-Bri power, ou such termi set up sucl tory of pa! ciple of wi United & own favor enemy, it claim eve by treaty, in such a est ; to ac UtSTORY or THE WAk. 3. luiiic lo evince the riffour willi v* liirli Uiry an forrcH, ter » failure of the iMNiMon which Ihry nr(> mi|)| <*^. - ,1 w HISTORY OP TUB W4II. impoflftlioii of ftiirh nrtirtc^ nn mc n^resnar}* to Mipply tliA %vatilM, or cnco(irn(]fe lli iiHliiHlry of lU people. In what lif*ht wouUKirenl>])rtiniii view nii npplirutioiHronitlie Unit- fid States for the repeal (»f riuht ot' iiiiy net of her pnrlia- in(!nt, which prohiiiiteil the importntioii of any article frtnn the llnited Stnles, unch us their Hsh, or tluir oil i^ Or which claimet) the diminution of the duty on any other, mtelt as their tohacco on which so ^retit a rcveiino in raised ? In what lijk^ht would she vieiv a similar application made at the inittance of France, for the importation into England, of any article the growth or mannfaclureof that power which it was the policy of the British f^overnment to prohibit. If delays have taken place in the resititution of American property, and in placin^^ the American commerce in the ports of France on a fair and satisfactory basis, they involve questions, as has already been observed, in \\hichthe United States alone are interested. As they clo not violate the re- vocation by France, of her Edicts, they cannot impair the oblinration of Great- Britain to revoke hers ; nor change th& epoch at nrhich the revocation ought to have taken place. H:id that duly followe% llu- example. Tlie fl^roniHl Ihm gained will suoii l»c eniar^rd liv Hip concor- rin}^ ami presMiii^ intereitt ot till |MirtKs niid «liatvveif in gained, will accrue to Uie a«lvaiilu)(r o4 atiiicled hiimaikily. J |>rncf-ed to notice nnotlif r part of your lelier of tk« (id iiiNt. which IN viewed in a more fnvoralde lip^ht. ThoFreit* ident has received will) y^reat HaliMaclion tlie oomniiinica- lion that idionUI the Orders in Council of 1807, be revoked^ Iho blockade of May* of the precrdin|if year, would ceare with them, and that any blockade which should att^rward* be instituted, should l>e duly notified ami maintHiiied by an adequate foK'e. This frank and explicrl declaration, wur* thy of the prompt and amicable measure adopted by the priHce regent in comiu)^ into power, seems to remove a ma- terial obstacle to an ticcoinmodation oi' dtfliRrences between our countries, and wlieii followed by the revocaimn of tiM Orders in Council, will, as 1 am authorised to inform joo» produce an immediate termination of the non-importakNm law, by an exercise of the power vested in the Prc^iilcnt for that purpose. I conclude w'lb remarking, tha* if 1 have confined thig letter to the subjects brought into view by yours, it is not because the United States have lost sight in any degree of the other very serious causes of complaint, on which they have received no satisfaction, but because the conciliatory policy of this trovernment has thus far separated the "case of the Orders in ( luncil from others, and because with respect to these others, your cumnmnication has not afforded any reasonable prospect of resuming them, at this time, with suc- cess. It is presumed that the same liberal view of the true interests ot Great-Britain, and friendly disposition toward* the United States, which induced the prince regent to re- move so material a difficulty as had arisen in relation to * repeal of the Orders in Council, will lead to a more favora- ble further consideration of the remaining difiiculties on that subject, and that the a»iV. di' Mr. Foster to 31 r. Monroe. Washinc'I'on, .luly 2(>lh, 1911. SIR — 1 have had the honor to receive your letter of July 23d, HI answer to mine ot the 3d and 14th inst. which you will permit me to Htiy were not merely relative to his m:ijes- ty'fi Orders in Council, and the blockade of May 1S0(>, but alfo to tlic Presid«M)t*s proclamation of last November, and to the consequent act of Congress of March 2d, as w eli as to the just complaints which his royal htghness, the prince regent, had commanded me to make to your ^ov- emmeot, with respect to the proclamation and to that act. '/ If the U. States' government had expected that I should have made communications which would have enabled them to come to an accommodation with Great-Britaii. on the ground on which alone you say it was possible to meet us, and that you mean by that expression a departure from our system of defence against the new kind of warfare still practised by France, I am at a loss to discover from what source they could have derived those expectations ; cer- tainly not from the correspondence between the Marquis Wellesley and Mr. Pinkney. Before I proceed to reply to the arguments which are brought forward by you to show that the Decrees of Berlin and Mdan are repealed, 1 must first enter into an explana- tion upon some points on which you have evidently misap- prehended, for I will not suppose you could have wished to misinterpret my meaning. ■ u.m And first, in regard to the blockade of May, 1806, 1 must avow that I am wholly at a loss to find out from what part of my letter it is that the President has dr£iwn the imqualified inference, that should the Orders in Council of 1807, be re- voked, the blockade of May, 180<3, would cease with them. — It is most material that, on this point, no mistake should exist between us. From your letter it would ap- pear, as if on the question of blockade which America had so unexpectedly connected with her demand for a repeal of our Orders in Council, Great-Britain had made the conces- sion required of her; asif, after all that has passed on the sub- ject, after the astonishment and regret of his majesty's gov- ernment at the United States having taken up the view which the French government presented, of our just and legitimate principles of blockade, which are exemplified in liii i1 m HISTORY OF TUE WAR. the blockade of May, 18(Ki, the whole o^roand taken by \m iiiajesty's j^overninent wits at once abandoned. When 1 had the honor to exhibit to you my instruction-s and to draw up as 1 conceived, accordini^ to your wishes and those ot" the Presidenty a statement of the mode in which that block- ade wonid probably disappear, 1 never meant to tiuthoiise such a conclusion, and J now beg- most unequivocally to disdain! it. The blockade of May, 18()(>, will not continue after the repeal of the Orders in Council, unless his majes- t/s government shall think fit to sustain it by the special application of a sufficient naval force, and the fact of its being" so continued or not, will be notified at the time. If, in this view of the matter, which is certainly presented in a conciliatory spirit, one of ihe obstacles to a complete under- standing between our countries can be removed by the Uni- ted Slates government waving all further reference to that blockade when they can be justified in sisking a repeal of the Orders, and if I may communicate this to my govern- ment, it will undoubtedly be very satisl'actory ; but I beg distinctly to disavow having made any acknowledgment that the blockade would cease merely in consequence of a revocation of the Orders in Council ; whenever it does cease, it will cease because there will be no adequate force to maintain it. On another very material point, sir, you appear to have misconstrued my words ; for in no one passngeof my letter can I discover any mention of innovations on the part of Great-Britain, such as you say excited a painful surprise in your government. There is no new pretension set up by iiis majesty's government. In answer to questions of yours, as to what were the Decrees or ragnlatious of France which Great-Britain complained of, and against which she directs her retaliatory measures, 1 brought distinctly into your, view the Berlin and Milan Decrees, and you have no^ tlenied, because, indeed, you could not, that the provisions of those Decrees were new measures of war on the part of France, acknowledged as such by her ruler, and contrary to the principles and usages of civilized nations. That the present war has been oppressive beyond *;xample by its du- ration, and the desolation it spreads through Europe, I wiU lingly agree with yon, but the United Slates cannot surety mean to attribute Ihe cause to Great- V> 'tain. The quesUou ill i JiisTonY OF rat, uak. bc(wc('ii 6i'«ut-Britaiii arid France xh that of an lionombli; sli'iijij^^tr'te againfit the lawleKs effort!* of an ambitions tyrant, «n, was main- tained by an adequate naval force, and therefore was a blockade founded on just and legitimate principles, and I have not heard that it was considered in a contrary light when notilied as such to you by Mr. Secretary Fox, nor until it suited the views of France to endeavor to have it considered otherwise. Why America took up the view the French government chose to give of it, and could see in it grounds for the French Decrees, was always matter of as- tonishment in England Your remarks on modifications at various times of our {(ysi\.m of retaliation will require the less reply from the cir- cumstance of the Orders in Council of April, 1809, having superceded them all. They were calculated for the avow- ed purpose of softening the effect of the original Orders on neutral commerce, the incidental effect of those Orders on neutrals having been always sincerely regretted by his ma- jesty's government ', 'Hit when it was found that neutrals ob" jected iQ theui they were remt ved. HISTORY OP THE WAR. 41 Aa to tiie pi-inci|)le of relalintion, it \h founded on the just and natural rii^lit of self defence a;r ,ii)st our enemy i if France is unable to enforce her Decrees on the ocean, it 19 not from the want of will, for she enforces them wherever slie can do it; her threats are only empty where her |M>wer is of no avaU. In tlie view you have taken of the conduct of America, m her relations with the two belligerents, and in the con- clusion you draw with respect to the impartiality of your country, as exemplified in the non-importation law, I la* jnent tu say I cannot ag;ree with you. That act is a direct nieasure against the British trade, enacted at a time when all the legal authorities in the United States appeared ready to contest the sfcatemeut of a repeal of the French Decrees, on which was founded the President's proclamation of No- vember 2d, and consequently to dispute the justice of the proclamation itself. You urge, sir, that the British government promised to nroceed pari passu with France in the repeal of her f^dicts. It is to be wished you could point out to us any step France has taken in repeal of hers. G leat- Britain has repeatedly de- clared that she would repeal when the French did so, and she means to keep to that declaration. ^ I have slated to you that we could not consider the let- ter of August o, declaring the repeal of the French Edicts, providing we revoked our Orders in Council, or America resented our not doing so, as a step of ihat nature ; and the French government knew that we could not ; their object was evidentlv while tlv ir svstem was adhered to, in aU its rigor, to endeavor to persuade the American government that they had relaxed from it, and to induce her to proceed in enforcing the submission of Great-Britain to the inordinate demands of France. It is to be lamented that they have but too well succeeded ; for the United States government ap- pear to have considered the French Declaration in the sense in which France wished it to be taken, as an absolute repeal of her Decrees, without adverting to the conditional terms which accompanied it. But you assert that no violations of your neutral rights by France occur on the high seas, and that these were all the violations alluded to ni the act of Congress of Mny, 1810. 1 readily bebeve, indeetl, that si»<:h cases are rare, but i'l \ ,; ; 1 ■ if: ^ 4» HISTORY OF THE W\R, !i i I $ it is owingf to the prcpuiideraiice of the British nary diaf they are so ; >%heii Hcaire a Kliiji under the French flag can Teiilure to sea without being taken, it is not extra jrtlinary that they ntake no ca|)lures. It' such violations alone were vithin the purview of yolir law, there would seem to have been no necessity for its enactment. The British navy miuht have been safely trusted for the prevention of this oc- cnrreiice. But I have always believed and my govenimenfc has bebt'vetl, thai tht^ Anu rican legislators had in view in the provision of their law as it respects France, not only her deeds of violence on the seas, but all the novel aiid extra- ordinary pretensions and firactices of her government which infringed iheir neutral rights. We have had no cvider.re a» yet of any of those preten- sions being abandoned. To the ambiguous declaration in Mr. Champagny\ note is opposed the unambiguous and personal declaration of Bonaparte himself. You urge that there is nothing incompatible with the revocation of the De- crees in respect to the United States, in his expressions to the deputies from the free cities of Hamburgh, Bremen^ and Lubeck, that it is distinctly stated ni that speech, that the blockade of the British Islands shall cease when the British hlotkiide shall t'eusct and that the French blockade shall cease in favor of those nations in whose favor Great- Britain revokes hers or who support their rights against her pretensions. It is to be inferred from this and the corresponding paiis of the declapution alluded to, thai unless Great-Britain sac- rifices her principles of blockade, which are those authoriz- ed by the established laws of nat'ons, France will still maintain her Decrees of Berlin and xililan, which indeed, the speech in question declares to be the fundamental law» of the French empire. \ do not, I confess, conceive how these avowals of the ruler of France, can be said to be compatible with the re- peal of his Decrees in respect to the United Stales. If the I'niled States are prepared to insist on the sacrifices by Great-Britain of the ancient and established rules of mari- time war practised by her, then indeed they may avoid the opeiBtioM of the French Decrees, but otherwise, according* to th;s document, it is very clear that they are 'till subjected to theiu. HISTORY OF THE WAR. #9 The Decree of FoiiiiUiinMcaii is confesRcdly ftNmded on the Decrees of Berlin and Milan, daled the lOtii October, 1810, and proves their continued existence. The report of the FVencii minister of Decc iiil)er H, unrionncin^ the per- severance of France in her Decrees is still lurtlierin confir- mntion of them, and a re-perusal of the letter of ttie minister oi' justice, of the 25th last Deceail)er, cunHrins mo in die inference I een condemned by the tri- bunals of France, on the principias of her Decrees since the the 1st of November. You allow, however, that there have been some detained since that period, and that such parV of the cargoes as consisted of goods not the produce of Amer- ica, was seized, and the other part, together with the vessel itself, only released after the President's proclamation be- came known in France. These circumstances, surely, only prove the difficulty that France is under in reconciling her I fi- ll '^i I (I j 1^' i 'if is 44 H18T0RY OP THE WARi Anti-commercial and anli-nenlr.il system, with her flosire Xo express her satisfaction at the measures lakiii in Aiiuriciv against the commerce of Great-Britain. She seizes in vif- Uie of ihe Berlin and Milan Decrees, but she makes a par- tial restoration for the purpose of deceiviii«r America. 1 have now followed you, 1 believe, sir, through the whole range of your argument, and o.i reviewing the course of it, I think I may securely sar that no satisfactory proof has jet been brought forward of the repeal of the obnoxious De- crees of France, but on the contrary, that it appears they continue in full force, consi-qutnlly that no grounds exist on which you can, with justice, demand of Great-Britain a revocation of her Orders in Council ; — that we have a right to complain of the conduct of the American government, in enforcing the provisions of the act of May, 1810, to the ex- clusion of the British trade, and afterwards in obtaining a special law for the same purpose., though it was notorious at the time that France still continued htr aggressions 'ipon American commerce, and haVAft. 45 il/r. Monroe to Mr. Foster. Depahtment <»p State, July 27lh, 1811. SIR — 1 had Uie honor lo receive your letter of ye«lertlay*i date, III time to submit it to the view of the President before he left town. It was iny otjecl to state to you ^n my letter of the 23d inst. that under e\ject naturally presented itself, the renion* strance alluded to, and the extriiordinary demand founded on it, that while your government accommodated in noth- ing, the United States should nlinquish the ground, w'tich by a just regard to the public rights aitd honor, they had beeji compelled to take. Propositions tending to degrade a nation, can never be brought into discussion by a govern- ment, not prepared to submit to the degradation. It was for this reason that 1 confined my reply to tliose passages in your letter, which involved the claim of the United States, on the principles of justice, to the revocation of the Orders in Cou.icil. Your demand, however, was neither unnoti- ced or unanswered. In laving before you the complete, and as was believed, irresistible proof on wbicli the United States expected, and called for the revocation of the Orders in Council, a very explicit answer was supposed to be given to that demand. Equally mifounded is your complaint that I misunder- stood that passage, which claimed as a condition of the re- vocation of the Orders in Council, that the trade of Great- Britain with tlie continent, should be restored to the state in which it was before the Berlin and Milan Decraes were is- sued. As this pretension was novel and exti'aordinary, it was necessary that a distinct idea should be formed of it, and with that view, I asked such an explanation as would enable me to form one. lu the explanation given, you do not insist on the right to trade in British property, with British vessels, directly with your enemies. Such a claim, you admit, would be pre{)os- ierous. But you do insist by necessary implication, that France has of British i when the p moves that Crcat-Briti On such There is, I wars. Gr< regulate th that she mi Britain wei nor even ti this respect Joes she ar sent to bee i.\erce shal ill their cwi I might Great-Brits of right, or ment ? That thd the questioi tiieir own \ the French there those on the inter Nor is it trade of tli prohibit it, a necessary own act ; a alone are a sligation an be said, is, I nieiibure, any sanctio Irai nations The Uni ment of the and of the :'|i HISTORY OF THE WAR. m IS- it M France \\'m no h^^ht to iiiliibil the importation into her ports of BriliMh manufactures^ of the produce of the British so'l, when the property of ueiitral» ; and that, until France re- moves that inbiliition, the United States are to be cut off by Great-Brituin front all trade whatever', with her enemies. On such a preteuft* . it is aloiost impossible to reason. There is, I believe, no example of it in the history of past >vars. Great-Brilain, the enemy of France, undertakes to reg^ulate the trade of France ; nor is that ail ; she tells her that she must trade in British goods. If Fre^nce and Great- Britain were at peace, this pretension would not be set up, nor even thought of. Has Great-Britain then acquired in this respect by war, rights which she has not in peace P And Joes she announce to neutral nations, that unless they con- sent to become the instruments of this policy, their com- L\erce shall be annihilated, and their vessels shall be shut U]^ ill their uwn ports ? ' . ^' ' .!.♦,!• i.;/. I might ask whether French goods are admitted int6 Great-Britain, even in peace, and if they are, whether it be of right, or by the consent and policy of the British govern- ment ? That the property would be neutralized does not effect the question. If the United States have no right to carry their own productions into France without the consent of the French government, how can they undertake to carry there those of Great-Brttain ? In all cases it must depend on the interest and the will of the party. i\ur is it material to what extent, or by what powers, the trade of the continent is prohibited. If the powers who prohibit it, are at war with Great-Britain, the prohibition is a necessary consequence of that :itate. If at peace, it is their own act ; and whether it be voluntary, or compulsive, they alone are answerable for it. If the act be taken at the in- s\ igation and under the influence of France, the most that can be said, is, that it justities reprisal against them, by a similar measure. On no pnnciple whatever can it be said to give any sanction to the conduct of Great-Britain towards neu- tral nations. The United States can have no objection to the employ- ment of their commercial capital in the supply of France, and of the continent generally, with manufactures, and to co.nprise in the supply those of Great-Britain, provided ■1l ' \i i\% 4» HlBY OF THE WAB. lil;. (hose powen will cooMenl to it. Bui they cannot nndertake to force such su|iplies on France or on any other power, in compliance with the claim of the British p^oveniment, oo |iiMnci|>les incompatible with the rights of every indepen- dent nation, and they will not demand in i-Av^f of another pQwer, what they cannot claim for themnelves. AM that Grcat-Britaiii could with reason coaiplain of, y/M the inhibition by the French Decree.ht at least have been expected, that Greal-Britain woiild not have mo- lested such of the vessels of the United States as might be e?"!tering the ports of France, on the faith of both govern- ments, till that failure was clearly proved. To many insinuations in your tetter I make no reply, be- cause they suiilcieatly suggest the only one that would be proper. it it were necessary to dwell on the impartiality which has been observed by the United States towards the two bel- ligerents, I might ask, whether if G. eat- Britain had accept- ed the condition which wm oifered equally to her and France, by the act of May 1st, 1810, and France had re- jected it, there is cause to doubt that the non-iniuortation act would have been carried into effect against France ? No such doubt can possibly exist, because in a former instance, when this government, trusting to a fuliilnient by yours, of an arrangement which put an end to a non- intercourse wilh Great-Britain, the non-intercourse was continued against France, who had not then repealed her Decrees, as it was 90t d'^ubted England had done. Has it not been repeat- ■ I' m m HISTORY or TIIC WAR. 49 %t\\y tleclared to your government, that if Great-Britain ivuiiltl revoke her Orders in Council, the PreMident would ihiniedialely cause the non-importation to ceaM; ? You well know that the same declaration has often been made to vourself, and that nothing' more is wanting to the removal of the existing obstructions to the commerce between the two countries, than a sati^ actory assurance, which will be ri'ccivcd with pleasure from yourself, that the Orders in Com. oil are at an end. B/ llie remark in your letter of the 3d of July, that the blockade of May, 18()6, had been included in the more comprehensive system of the Orders in Council of the follow- ing year, and that, if that blockade sttould be continued in force after the repeal of the Orders in Council, it would be inconsequence of the special application of a sufficient na- val force, I could not but infer your idea to be, that the re- peal of the Orders in Council would necessarily involve the repeal of the blockade of May. I was the more readdy induced to make this inference, from the consideration that if the blockade was not revoked by the repeal of the Orders in Council, there would be no necessity for givmg notice ihal it would be continued ; as by the further consideration, that according to the decision of your court of admiralty, a blockade instituted by proclamation docs not cease by the removal of the force applied to it, nor without a formal no- lice by the government to that effect. """ It is not, however, wished to discuss any question relative to the mode by which that blockade may be terminated; Its actual termination is the material object for considera- tion. It is easy to shew, and it has already been abundantly shown, that the blockade of May, 1806, is inconsistent on any view that may be taken of it with the law of nations. It is also easy to show that, as now expounded, it was equally inconsistent with the sense of your government, when the order was issued ; and this change is a sufficient reply to the remarks which you have applied to me person- ally. If you will examine the order, you will find that it is strictly, little more than a blockade of the coast from the Seme to Ostend. There is an express reservation in it in favor of neutrals to any part of the coast between Brest an'M property, and to hrini^ theiier to their own ports iit V\ turn. whatever articles they tliink tit. Why wen- « (-.ntraliund of war and enemy's properly excepted, if a coiiinieree evi u m those arlieles would not otherwise have i>cen periintted un- der the reservation ? Ni» order was mccssar) to snhjfct them to seizure. Tliey were liable to it according to the law of nations, as asserted hy Great-Bntain. Why then did the tiritish goveruiient institute a block- ade, which with respect to neutrals was not rig^orons, as to the g-resder part of the coast comprisi d in it ? if you wtil look to the slate of tilings which then existed between the United Stales and V rent-Britain, you will liiid the answer. A controversy had taken place between our g^overnnients Qn a ditfcrent topic, which was still pending. The British governuient had interfered with the trade iM.'lween France and her allies in the produce of their colonies. The just claim of the United Slates was then a subject of negotia- tion ; and your g'overniiient professii.g its willingness to make a salisfaclory arrnnjrenient of it, issued the Order "which allowed Ihe trade, without making any concession as to the principle, reserving that for adjustment by treaty. It was in this light that I viewed, and in this sense that I represented that order to my governiueut ; and in iio other did I make any comment Oii it. When you reflect that this order by allowing llie trade of neutrals, in colonial productions, to all that, portion of the coast which. was not rigorously blockaded, aflorded to Ihe United States an accommodation in a principal point then at issue between our governments, and of which their citi- zens extensively availed themselves that that trade and the question of blockade, and every other (pieslion in which the Unile.d Stales and deal- Britain were inlereslcd, were then in a train of amicable negotiation, you will, I think, seethe cause why the Diinister who then rttpresented the United States with the British q:overnment, did not make a formal complaint against it. You have apj>eaUd to me, who hap- pened to be that minister, and ui:gcd my sdence as uh evi- HisToBY OP Tirr. \v\n. .**1 »:•< -■ douce <»t' my jip|»rol>ulioii oi, ov at |»»;wl ac(|Mirscc in \\\n idorknile. — An e\|»iHR>ilMti oi tiic C4Uhi> ot tliul mi;i|)om.(1 itilence ih idI lesit duo tu insNOti, tliau to ilit! tnie r|iarnrt« r ot the Iraiisactioii. Willi tiic nihtister uilli whom I iiaci the huiior to treiil, 1 mtiy aild, ihHtiui uHioiil foniiai compluiit) was not likely to l>e re.surU^I to, lH;r»tMi> rri«'iianit \iH>r made. In lucalini*; to my niind, an this nwideul naturally dots, the manly character uf that diHlin^niNhcd and dlnslrions Ntalisimm, and the coii> tidence with which he iiiNpired all those with whom he had to treat, I shall he p'rinilted to e\pre»H axasliirjittriljutc of respect to hin memory, the very hic^h coitsidcratioii in which I have always held his <^reat talents and virtues. < > .- r The United btates have not, nor can they appi'ovc llic Ulocknde of an extensive coast. Nolhin«r certainly can be iiitered from any thin^ thai has passed relativeto the block- ade of May, 1806, to countenance such nn inference. It is seen with satisfaction that you still admit thstt the application of an adequate force is necessary to give a blockade a legal character, and that it will lose that char- jicter, whenever that adequate force ceases to be applied. As it cannot be alledged that the application of any such adequate force has been continued, and actually exists in the case of the blockade of May, 18 JAMES MONROE. ■ :} ' '(.hit %' m - 1 J ' % i 02 HISTORY OF THE WAR. Iifi I I ' 1'!^ I 'II m i f t-» .!j: 'jir. *:\ 1* ,1 Jl/r. Foster to Mr. Monroe, Washington, October 22, 18!1. SIR— I had ilie honor to rcrc Lve your letter of the 171Il inst. tof^ether with its three encUnures, on the road between Baltmore and thib city ; I had that of receiving at the nnme time, your letter dated October 1, in ati&wer to mine of the 26lh of last July, r W"t f .-f » Ii.i^ .^.i « vjffvfj.' Not having^ had any despatehes from his majesty's gov- ernment lately, 1 have not as yet received the copy of the recent communication from Paris in regard to the supposed repeal of the French Decrees, which the charge d*atfairs of the United States at London has intimateii to you, that he understood the Marquis Wellesley intended to transmit to me, and which I conclude is the same as that contained in the letter of Mr. Russell, the American charge d*affairs in France. I am however in daily expectation of the arrival of his majesty's packet boat, when, it will in all probability reach roe, and when if I should receive any fresh iiiblruc- tions in consequence I will not fail immediately to acquaint you. In the meanwhile, however, 1 beg you will permit me to make some remarks in reply to your letter of Octo- ber 1, being extremely anxious to do away the impresision "which you seem to have received relative to the demand 1^ had made for the repeal of the non-importation act of the present year. It is, I assure you, sir, with great regret that I find you, consider that demand as involving in any degree proposi- tions tending to degrade your nation. Such an idea cer- tainly never existed with his majesty's government, nor -would it be compatible with the friendly sentiments enters tamed by them* for the United States; neither could I have suffered myself to be the channel of conveying a demand which I thought had such a tendency. — However you view the demand made on the part of Great-Britain, I can safely say that it was made in consequence of its appearing to his majesty's government on strong evidence that the chief of the Freitch nation had really deceived America as to the repeal of his Decrees, and in the hopes that the United. States' government '■ ' 'herefore seethe justice of repla- cing this country ' )rnier footing of amicable rela-. tions with England, nothing appearing to be more natural thao such an expectation, which seemed a necessary conse- mSTORY or THB WAH. s^ qiienceof the tlijiposition cxiircHMcd hy America to maintain her ncutralit)', anil dcsirahle in cverv other point of view. T connot indeed brin^ ni)Keif to think, sir, that your candor ATould allow you, on a consideration, to put any other ron« ritruction on the matter, and had my ar^uniei.tN had »uffi« cient weight with you in shewing that the French Dccreea were still in force, I r ainot doubt but you would have uirrred with me in the conclusion 1 drew — it would seem therefore only owin^ to your not viewing^ the deceitful con- duct of the French g-overnment in the same light that it ap- pears to his majesty *s government, that a difference of opinion exists between us as to the proposal I made, which under the conviction entertained by them was, surely a very just and natural one. f rom the earnest desire of vindicating myself and my government from the charge of making any degrading or unjust demands on that of America, I have, taken the liber- ty to trouble you so tar nnd I will now proceed to shev/ why I thought you had misunderstood the passage of my letter which related to the extent in which the repeal of the French Decrees >vas required by Great-Britain. In the ex- planation which you desired on this point I gave you that which theMarquisWellesley gave Mr. Pinkney in answer to his letter of August 25. 1810, and I beg to refer you to the message of the President of the United States on the opening of CongrctS m December, 1810, for a proof that the demand of Great-Britain in the extent in which I have stated it was known to your government several months ago — how was I thererore to f ppose in the term innova- tions, as applied to the explanation given by me, that you could mean otherwise than some really new pretension on the part ot Great-Britaia such as that France should suffer British property to be carried into her ports for the purpo- ses of trade? if the warmth I was betraved into in endeav- ormg to refute a supposed imputation of this sort gave any offence, I sincerely regret it, and I will beg permission here to say, sir, that if unconsciously 1 have by any of my remarks ledyou to suppose they conveyed any improper insinuations, as one paragraph of your letter would appear to im|>ly, I am most unfeignedly sorry for it, as I entertain llie high- est respect for you, personally, and for your government ; ^nd could onlv have meant what I wrote in the wav of ar- il in j j.ii IL'i :!.il A \ w\ 54 UISTORY OP TflE WAR. .l| ' I m\ gument, or for llie purpose of contrasting tli© proree dented measures. I confess, sir, with the sincerest disposition, to discover on the part of the ruler of France, a return to the long-esta- blished practice of warfare as exerciseil in civilized Europe, 1 have been unable to succeed ; and if the French govern- ment bad really meant to withdraw their obnoxious De- crees, it is inconceivable, why, instead of allowing their in- tentions to be guessed at, or infered, they should not openly and in plain language have declared so ; the Decrees them- selves, having been clearly enough announced on their enactment, m by should not their revocation be equally ex- jjlicit '^ " HISTORY or THK WA*. #1 While, liowrver^, nninerons declnmtions have het>n made oil tilt; part ol France, of the coiitinnefl existence ot'the De- crtt's jiiid ciiplures made niMler them of neutral ships have occurred, a few of the American iressels seized since No- veml»er 1, have been rentored, and the foregoing^, a very small |iartof his plunder, isdeflired by Bonaparte to be con- sidtes for the same purpose, and here- in you will, as I had the honor to remark in a former letter, be able to observe the cause of the apparently contradictor ry language held both by himself and his ministers. I shall be extremely happy, to receive from you, sir, the information that in a frank and unambiguous manner the chief of the Fiencli government had revoked his Decrees. Why he shonld not do so is inexplicable if he means to re- vert to the ordinary rale:* of war, bnt while he exercises swell i.!v;spolic sway whci-ever his influence extends, to ruin the ■ sources of England, it cannot be expected that Great- ijnlain shall not use ihe meai.s she possesses for the purpose of making him feel the pressure cf his own system. Inhere is every reason to believe, that ere long the ett'ects on the enemies ot Great- Britain will be sue!), as irresistibly topro« duce a change which will place commerce on its former basts. In the mean time, sir, I hope yon will not think it extraordinarv, if I should contend that the seiz.ure of Ameri- can siiips by France, since November 1, and the positive and iniquaiihed declarations of the French government, are stronger proofs of the continued existence of the Frencli Occrees and the bad faith of (he ruler of France, than the restoration of five or six vessels, too palpably given up for fallacious purposes, or in testimony of liis satisfaction at the allitnde taken by Ameriia, is a proof of their revocation, or of his return to the principles of justice. ..! ■ ,•• .. ' I will only repeat, sir, in answer to your observations, ou the late condemnation of the ships taken under bin majes- ty's Orders in Council, what i have already had the honor to stale to you, thai the delay which took place in their cou- (lenination was not in c«Yiisefjnence of any doubt existing iu his majesty's govenimeiitjas to Whether the French D«crees ] ii -i\n I ): i& HISTORY OF THE WAR. tl'^V * v \i'ere revoked, as you seetn to imagine, but in consequence of iU boiui; I bought that the American government u on its a]»|)eHring that they were deceived by France, would have ceased their injurious measures against the British com- merce. A cousiderable time elapsed before the decision look place on those ships, and there is no doubt, but that had the U. Slates' government nut persisted in the unfriend- ly attitude towards G. Brit:iin on discovering the ill faith of France, a spirit of conciliation in bis majesty *6 govern- ment would hav;! caused their release. ' l^ '■■^ In reply to your observations on the pretensions of G. Britain, relative to the revocation of the French Decrees, I beg to repeat that the sum of the demand made by England is, that France should follow the established laws of warfare as practised in former wars in Europe. Her ruler by hts Decrees of Berlin and Milan, declared himself no longer bound by them ; he has openly renounced them in his vio- lent eAurts to ruin the resources of G. Britain, and has trampled on the rights of independent nations to eilect his purpose. If the French governme.it make use of means of unprecedented violence to prevent the intercourse of Eng- land with unoflending neutrals, can it be expected that Eng- land should tamely suiiier the establishment of such a novel system of v/ar without retaliation, and endeavoring in her turn to prevent the French from enjoying the advantages of which she is unlawfully depi:ived ? Having explained already the situation in vi'hich the ques- tion of the blockade of May, 1806, rests, according to the views of his majesty's governriienl, and the desi'/e of G. Britain to conduct her system of blockade according to the laws of nations, I will only advert to it on this occasion, for the purpose of taking the liberty of acknowledging to you, the very great pleasure 1 receiveU --i!^'i I AXJGD5TUS J. FOSTER. tllSTORY OF THE WAR. r>7 ;■ « 31r* Monroe to Mr. Foster, 7/ Dkpautment ov Stati-:, Oct. 39, 1811. SlK — i have had the honor to receive your letter ot'tlie 22(1 of this month, and to lay it before the Presideiit r< . i The assurance which you have given o\' your disposition to reciprocate, in our commutiicationson the itnportant sui)- jt cts depending Ijetween our governments, the respectful attention which each has a rif^ht to claim, and that no de- parture tVom it was intended \n your letter of the 'iOlh July, \if i been received with the satisfaction due to the (rank and conciliatory spirit in v^hich it was made. ,; ; f, T -IH^ I learn, however, with much regret, that you have de- ceived no instructions from your government^ founded ofi the new proof of the revocation of the Berlin and Milan Decrees, which was communicated to the Marquis of Wel- lesley^ by the American charge d'aifairs at London, in a document of which I had the honor to transmit to you a copy. It mig-ht tairly have been presumed^ as I have before observed, that the evidence aiiorded by that document^ of the complete levocation oi' those Decrees, so far as they in- tcrfered with the commerce of the U. States with the British dominionsv would have been followed by an inuncdiate rejieal of the Orders in Council. Prom the reply of the Marquis of Wellesley, it was at least to have been expected that no time had been lost in transmitting that document to you, and that the ini^truclions accompanying it, would have manifested a change in the sentiments of yuuf government on thf subject. The regret^ thertfore, cannot but be increas- ed in findingthatthe coinmunication, whicli 1 had the honor to make to you» has not oven had the etlccl of .suspending your eftbrts to vindicate the jjerseverar.ce of your govern- ment in enforcing thoae Ordei's. I regret also to obs* rve, llw.t the light in which you have Viewed this document, and the remarks which you have made on the subject, generally, seems to preclude any other view of the conditions on which those Orders are to be re- voked, than those that were furnished by your former com- nuiniculions. You still adhere to the pretension that the productions and manufactrres of G. Britain, when ne;- tralized, must be admitted into the ports of your enemies. This pretension, however vague the language heretofore held bv vour government, puriicularlv bv the Marquis of B ri j^^tt , ■ I "!1 I i:i 51 I' ' u9 lUSTOllY OF THE "WAR. AVellesley, in his rommunications with Mr. Piiikncy, on th« suhject, was never uiuleiHtood to have been einbrucetl. Nolhinf , indeed, short of the speeific declarations which yon have made, would have induced a belief that such was l^he case. .....if - •r-,-««jj 1 have the honor to be, &c. JAMES MONROE, ( (,.) .J . Mr. Foster to Mr, Monroe. " * '*^ :m . Wasuinoton, Oct. Slst, »81l. SIR— I did not reply at leu ,„., This pretension, however, is but apart of that syRtcni, the whole of which, under our conslruclion of iJie letter of M. ChampajC^nVf of AuiruRt 5, IHIO, corroborated b\ uiany subsequent declarations of the French f^ovcrnnienU and not invalidated by any unequivocal declaration of a conU'ury tenor, must be considered as still in full force. In the cooiuiunication which you lately transniilted lo jiie, I am &orry to re|)eat, that I was unable to discover aiiy fiicts which satisfactorily proved that the Decrees had been actrally repealed, and I have already re|>eat(:dly slated the reasons which too probably led to the restoration of a few of the American shi|3s taken in pursuance of the Beiliii and Mdan Decrees after November 1. Mr. Russell does not seem to aeny that the Decrees may still be kept in force, only he thinks they have assumed a municipal character , but in M. Cliampagny's declaration, ambited with sincere pain, and with pleasure relinquished whenever this country shall resume her neutral position and impartial al- titude between the two belli^ren^. I have the honor to be, &c. AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER. nn J\ > »'^i. ■|! :' !,' CHAPTER II. *■» ' - -' MESSAGE, To the Senate and Home of Hepresentatives of tlie U. Sinks, I communicate to Congress copies of a correspondence between the Envoy Extreiordinary and Minister Iptenipo- tentiary of G. Britain and the Secretary of State, relative to the age^ression committed by a British ship of war on the U. Slates' frigate Chesapeake, by which it will be seen that ^he suljject of difference between the two countries, is ter- minated by an offer of reparation which has l)een acceded to. ..,:... .,..u. JAMES MADISOI^. . ■ Washington, November ^3, 18H. . ^. ) < .i \u Mr. Foster to Mr, Monroe. ' '^ Washington, October 30, 1811. SIR~-rI bad already the honor to mention to you that I came to this country furnished with instructions from his royal highness the prince regent, in the name and on behalf of his majesty, for the purpose of proceeding to a final ad- justment of the differences which have arisen between G. Britain and the U. States of America in the affair of the Chesapeake Frigate; and I had also that of acquainting you with the necessity under which I found myself of suspcn- M HISTORY OF THE WAB. 61 (liner the executing of those in»traction9 in conarqiMnce of inv not having perceived that any Nte^Ni whatever were U* kiM by the An:criran goveruineui to clear up the circifin- gtance of an event M'hich tlireatened so materially to inter- fupt the harmony su^isisting between onr two countries, as tlint which occurred in the month of last May, between the U. Htnteii* bliif) President and his irjujeHty's ship Little Belt, when every evidence before his majesty's government seemed to shew that a roost evident and wanton outrago had been committed on a British ship of war by an Ameri- cun Commodore. i/fvH t: t A Court of Eiiquiry, however, as you informed me iu your letter of tlie 1 1th inst. has since been heUI by order of the President of the U. States on the conduct of Cnmmo* (lore Rodgers, and this preliminary to further discussion on the subject lieing a!l that I asked in ihe first infdance as due to the friendship subsisting between the two States, I have now the honor to acquaint you that I am ready to proceed in the truest sp.rit of conciliation to lay before you the terms of reparation which his royal highess has cummanddd ma to propose to the U. States* government, and only wait to know when it will suit your convenience to enter upon the discussion. 1 have the honor to be, H{.c. V t AUG. J. FOSTER. - .«« -4 , (.» '>::•/.' •If I Jiff. Monroe to Mr. Foster. t Department of State, Oct. 31, i 811. SIR —I have just had the honor to receive your letterof the '30th of this month. I am glad to find that the communication which I had the honor to make to you on the 11th insl. relative to the Court of Knputry, which was the subject of it, is viexred by you in the favorable light which you have stated. Although I regret that the pro()Osition which you now make in consequence of that oommunication, has been de- lated to the present moment, I am ready to receive the terms of it whenever you may think proper tocommnuicate them. Permit me to add, that the pleasure of finding them satisfactory, w .li be duly augmented, if they should be intro> ductory to the removal of ALL the differences depending between our two countries, the hope of which is so U<*r * ^- ft (.K? Mr. Foster to Mr. Monroe. ." Washington, Nov. Ut, 1811. SIR— In pursuance of the orders which f have received from liis royal highness, the pri^^ce regent, in the name and on the behalf of his majesty, for the purpose of proceeding to a tinal adjustment of the differences which have arisen between G. Britain and the U. States, in the affair of the Chesapeake frigate, I have the honor to acquaint you— > First, that I am instructed to repeat to the American gov- ernment the prompt disavowal made by his majesty, (and recited in Mr. Erskine^s note of Aprd 17, 1809, to Mr. Smith,) on being apprised of the unauthorized act of the officer in command of his naval forces on the coast of Ame* rica, whose recall from an highly important and honorable command, immediately ensued, as a mark of his majesty's disapprobation. Secondly, that 1 am authorised to offer, in addition to that disavowal, on the part of his royal highness, the imme- diate restoration, as far as circumstances will admit, of the men who in consequence of admiral Berkley's orders, were forcibly taken out of the Chesapeake, to the vessel from which they were taken ; or if that ship should be no longer in commission, to such sea-port of the U. States as the American government may name for the puspose. ..ii ' . Thirdly, that 1 am also authorised to oner to the Ameri- can government a suitable pecuniary pro\ ision for the suf- ferers in consequence ofthe attack on the Ghesapeuke, in^ eluding the families of those seamen who unfortunately fell in action, and ofthe wounded survivors. These honorable propositions, I can assure you, sir, are made with the sincere desire that they may prove satisfac- tory to the government of the U. States, and I trust they will meet with that amicable reception which their concilia- tory nature entitles them to. 1 need scarcely add how cor- dially I join with you in the wish that they might prove in- troductory to a removal of all the differences depending beo tweeu our two countries. I have the honor to be, » " Mr. Monroe to Mr. Foster. Washington Nov. 12,1811. SIR — I have had the honor to receive your letter of the Ui Ni^vember, and to lay it before the President It is nitich to \je regretted that the reparation due for such an atfgresHion as that committed on the U. States Frigate, the Chesapeake, should have been so long delayed ; nor rouid tiie translation of the offending officer from one com- mand to another, be regarded aa constituting a part of a re- paration otherwise satisfactory ; considering, however, the existing circumstances of the case, and the early and ami- cable attention paid to it by his royal highness the prince regent, tlie President accedes to the proposition contained in your letter, and in so doing, your government will, 1 am persuaded, see a proof of the conciliatory disposition by which thf President has been actuated. i . ••••r\.i< The officer commanding the Chesapeake, now lying in the harbor of Boston, will be instructed to receive the men Nvlioare to be restored to that ship. . . , . ^ , . •<'; I have the honor to be, (Sec. JAMES MONROE. * r. ',"..' • MESSAGE, To the Senate and House of Representatives of the U. States. I communicate to Congress a letter from the Envoy Ex- traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of G. Britain, to the Secretary of State, with the answer of the latter. The continued evidence, afforded in this correspondence;, of the hostile policy of the British government against our national rights, strengthens the considerations recommend- ing and urgiug the preparation of adequate means for main- taining tlieiu. Washington, Jan. 16, 1812. JAMES MADISON. Mr. Foster to Mr. Monroe. ; Washington, Dec. 17, 1811. SIR — I did not mean to have written to you at this mo- ment on the subject of our late correspondence, but that I have had the morliticutton to perceive statements, circulated from highly respectable sources, which give a view of the pretensions of G. Britain relative to the C Slates not war- III h ]'* f i"/ llJbTORT OF Ttf R WAft. ;■ I: :'i m Ml rantc«l b) ;iiiy of Ihe loller« which I had the lienor to ad dreflt«to 3fOu, and which, nt a time when dijiciissions aiv roiitiiiuiiig^NO itii|ioi1antto tho two countries, mij^ht, if Iffi unrtctified, produce an cftect hig^hly lo be hiinented by .bolh the Ainencan and Britinh y^OTernnientii, u\ un much as by creating unneoesHary irritutionv they nnght throw obsla- cles in the way of a restorulion of a friendly understiniding between llieiii* I find it asserted, in the statement referred to, that I itave, in Ihe name of my y^oTernmeitt, demanded that the U. StateH* government should pass a law for the introduc- tion of British y^ood.i into the American porlSi and aUo that the U. iiHateA sliould undertake lo force France to receive into her harbors British mannfactnrcN. I beg^ permission, sir, lo dechire that neither of these de- innnds have been made by tue, and that my meaning must not have been understoodi if such was conceived to have been its import. I could not have demanded the passage of such a law as above stated, becau^fe my government does not pretend to interfere with the internal governnu3nt of a friendly power, nor did I mean to deinaiidthatAmeri< ra should force Prance to receive our manufactures. All I meant to say, was, thai the admission of French commerce, while that of England has been excluded from the U. Slates' ports, was regarded by G. Britain as highly unfriendly in America, and that a cunliiuiation of such policy would be retaliated upon by G. Britain with similar restrictions on her part, which was so fur merely an offering of like for like. But while the American non-importation act excludes ikitish trade from the IJ. States' ports, it must be recollected that it goes still further and excludes also British armed ships from American ports, while it admits those of the enemies of G. Britain. ' A neutral nation is responsible for the equality of its rules of conduct towards the belligerent powers ;' (to use the words of an American Secretary of Stale in the year 17t)6,) and Ihereiorelhat part ofllie law which establishes an inequality was justly aii olj- ject of more serious complaint on the part of G. Britain. You are aware, sir, of the advantage whieh his majesty's enemies have derived !^'i'om this stale of inequality* which en- ables them, though possessing no port in this hemisphere, continually to prey on the trade of his majesty's subjects, ;eenre of a refuge foi* their rrni/ois and their prizes. HISTORY OF THC WAE* e^ The proliibition of entry to his majeAty'M sliips under (Iic!«<' f^irciiinAtniices mig^lit |)frhu|>njiMtit'y G. Bntain in ua- 5Prtin^, that whatever rPMon Nlii'mny have tor re(>CHiin|e import of your former letters has been misunderstood in two im|>ortant circumstances ; that you have been represented to have demanded of tlie U. Slates, a law for the introduction of Briltsh jjfoods into their ports, and that they should also undertake to force France to receive British manufactures into her harbors. You stale that on the first point, it was your intention only to remonstrate against the non-importation act, as par- tial in its operation, and unfriendly to G. Britain, on which account its repeal was claimed, and to intimate tl>at if it was persevered in, G. Britain would be compelled to retaliate oil the commerce of the U. States, by similar restrictions on her part. And on the second point, that you intended only to urge> that iru»con sequence ot the extraordinary blockade m i , ^•* f 1 I d8 HISTORY OP THE WAR. 1 1 rti M I ; ilhi 1 1 -1 Is;,;., of England, your p^overnment had been obliged to blockade Fiv8 letter to the Marquis VVellesley of the 3d of May, J 8 10, made a formal representation, in purNuance of instruciions from his gcvernmenl, with an ofl'er of ev^ry information possessed by him, wiiich might contribute to detect and suppress it. It is painful to add that this cominunicalion was entirely disregarded. That G. Britain should com- plain of acts in France, to which by her negflect, she was instrumental, and draw from them proof in support of her Orders in Council, ought certainly not to have been expected. You remark also, that the practice of the French gov* ernraent to grant licences to certain American vessels, en- gaged in the trade between the U. States and France, is an additional proof that the French Decrees still operate in their fuUe^^ extent. On what principle this inference is drawn from that fad it is impossible for me to conceive. It was not the object of the Berlin and Milan Decrees to prohibit the trade Li^tween the U. States and France. They were meant to prohibit the trade of the U. States with G. Britain, which violated our neutral rights, and to pro<' hibit the trade of G. Britain with the continent, with which the U. States have nothing to do. If the object had been to prohibit the trade between the U. States and Fra ce, G. Britain could never have found in them any pretext for complaint. And if the idea of retaliation, could in any re*> sped have been applicable, it W(»uld have been by prohi. biting our trade with herself. To prohibit it with France, would not have been a retaliation, but a co-operation. If licencing by France the trade in certain instances, prove any thing, it proves nothing more than that the trade with France in other instances, is under restraint. It seems impossible to extract from it in any respect, that the Berlin and Milan Decrees are in force, so far as they prohibit the trade between the U. States and England. I might here repeat the French practice of granting licences to trade between the U. States and France, may have been intended in part, at least as a security agamst the simulated papers j the ibrgmg w ' 1 r 1 il' ^ tli M ■i ' 1 1 M lii iir I t: 9© liiSTORY OF TUK WAR. I I :l . i I ;MI. jlii ! 4 of which was not suppicsscd in Eni^lnnd. Il is not to be infered from Uu^se remarks, timt a trade by licence, is one with which the L'nited Stales sire s aiKfied. They huvethe strongest objections lo it, but these are founded on other princi|)lt'S, than those s!i«fgested in your nole. It is a cause of great surprise to the Pres lent, thai your government has not seen in thecorresj)ondei5ce of Mr. Rus- sell, whi'h I had the honor to communicate lo you on the 17lhof October last, and whicii has been lately transmitted to you 3} ^ our government, sufficient |>roof of the repeal of the Bv (ill and Milan decrees, independent of the conclu- sive evidence of liie fact, which that correspondence aiFor> ^fi\ ; it was not lo be presumed from the intimation of the Marquis of Wellesley, that it was to be transmitted to you, to.be taken into consideration in the de|)ending discussions, that it was of a natui*e to have no weight in these discussions. The demand which you now make of a view of the order given by the French government to its cruizers, in consequence of the repeal of the French Decrees, is a new m'oof of its indisposition to repeal the Orders in Council. The declaration of the French government was, as hag l)een heretofore observed, a solemn and obligatory act, and as such entitled to the notice and respect of other govern- ments. It was incumbent on G. Britain, therefore, in fulfil- ment of her engagement, to have provided that her Orders in Council sliould not h^^ve e^ect, after the- time fixed for the cessation of tlie French Decrees. A pretension in G. Britain to keep her Orders in force till she received satis- fiiction of the ]>raciical compliance of France, is utterly in- compatible with her pledge. A doubt, founded on any single act however unauthorised, committed by a French privateer, might on that principle, become a motive for delay and refusal. A suspicion that such acts would be committed might have the same effect; and in like manner her compliance might be withheld as long as the war continued. But let me here remark, that if there was room for a (Question, whather the French repeal did or did not takectl^ect.at the date announced by France, and requir- ed by the U. Stales, it cannot be alledged that the Decrees have not ceased lo operate since the 2d of Febuary last, as heretofore observed. And as the actual cessation of the Decrees to violate our neutral rights, \vas the only essential IMSTOKY OF THE WAR. 71 fack in lite oase, and has lontr been knuwn to yonr govern* inent, the Orders in Council, t'roiii the dute ot* that know- ledge, ought to have ceaHed, according to its own principles and pledges. But the question whether and when the repeal of the Berlni and Milan Decrees took elfect in relation to the neu- tral comnierce of the U. Slates, is superceded fiy the novel and extraordinary claim of G. Britain to a trade in British articles, with her enemy ; for supposing i\,e repeal ih have taken place, in the fullest extent claimed by the U. States, it couid, according to that claim, have no etfect in remov- ing the Orders in Council. On a full view of the coiuluct of the British government in these transactions, it is impossible to see in it any thing sitnrt of a spirit of determined hostility to the rights and interests of the U. States. — It issued the Orders in Council, on a principle of retaliation on France, at a time when it admitted the French Decrees to be ineffectual ; it has sus- tained those Orders in full force since, notwithstanding the pretext for them has been removed, and latterly it has ad- ded a new condition of their repeal, to be |^ >jrforrned by France, to which the U. States in their neutral character* have no claim, and could not demand, without departing from their neutrality, a condition which, in respect to the commerce of other nations with G. Britain, is r/epugnant to her own policy, and prohibited by her own laws, and whxh can never be enforced on any nation without a subversion of its sovreignly and independence. , I have ihii honor to be, &c. JAMES MONHOE W\ M f ■1 ,lH 1 - i i J ^; { UiH! 1!^ CHAPTER III. PRESIDENT S MANIFESTO. To the Senate and House of liepresentativesof tlie U. States, I communicate to Congress certain documents, Ijeing a continution of those heretofore laid before them, on the sub- ject, of our atlairs with G. Britain. Without going back beyond the renewal in 1803, of the war in which G. Britain is engaged, and omitting unrepaired { . 1 * M ';f f . ; It ^^^h f^ti^^ 4 < 'I tit. 1 i ;l it n niSTORV OP THE WAR. wrongfs o^ inferior ma^i)itiulo, ihe conduct of her govern- ment |>re^< nts a Beries of acU hostile to the U. htate.t as an iudepcndsait and neutral nation. '"• •: firitish cTuizers have been in the contiruied practice of violating ihe American flajj, on the i»Teat highway of na- tions, and of S'.izinuf and carrying oft* j»prsoris sadnig under !t : n«)t in the exercise of a belligeivnt right. tonn'iH o . the law of nal ons against an eneinv, h s^ of u iniinicipi;! prero- gative ovf-r British subjects. Bnl sh jU'isdi* lion »n hus ex- tended to central vess* Is in a siltiition ^'iits • no I « ws can 0|>erate, but ihe law of nations and Uie laws of the country to which tht vessels b -lonaf ; and a >eif-rediess isassruiieo, ivhich, if British subjects were uroio'ruliy detained and alone concerned, is that sufi'^ritution ot force ftu u r -'sort to the responsible 'overeig* t, which biiis withi.i >he detinition of war. Could the seizure ot British stibjt 's ui such cases be regarded, as within th ■ exercise uT a bs lliirtrent rii^hl, the 'icknovi Hedged laws of war, winch lorbid an article of CiijJhired property to be adjuda^td, withoui a regular itives- tlijtdion before a competent -ribu'iai, vvonid niiperiousiy demand ihe fairest trial wher-* tlit- sacrerl rights of persons vere at issue. In place of snci) i trial, these rights are sub- jected to the will of every petty commander. The practice, hence, is so far from affecting British sub- jects atone, that under the pretext ol searching for these, thousands of American citizens, under the safe-guard of public law, and of th'. ir national fl: g, have been torn from their country, and from every thing dear to them ; have been dragged on board ships of war of a foreign nation, and exposed under the severities of their discipline, to be exiled to the most (iistaut and deadly climes, to risk their lives m the battles of their oppressors, and to be llie melancholy in- struments of takino awa\ those of their own l)reliireii. Against this cry nig enormity, which G. Britain would be> so prompt to avenge if committed against herself, the U. States have in voin exhausted remonstrances and expostu- lations. And that no pn of might be wanti 'g of their conciliatory dispositions, and no pretext left for the contin- uance of the practice, the British government was formally assured of the readiness of the United States to enter into arrangements, such as could not be rejected, if the recovery of British subjects were the real and the sole object. The communication passed without effect. HISTORY OF THE WAR. ra I ' 1 British criiizers have l>ecn in the practico also of violating the rights and the peace of our coa>>ts. They hover over find hairass our entering^ and departiiipj commerce. To the most insulting^ pretensions thev have added the most lawless proceedings in our very harbors ; and have wan- tonly spilt American hlood within the sanctuary of our terw. ritorial jurisdiction. The principles and rules enforced by that nation, when a neutral nation, aj^ninst armed vessels of belligerents, hovering near her coasts, and disturbing ber commerce, are well known. When callt^d on nevertlu'b ss, by the U. States, to punish the greater otfenccs commttlcd by her own vessels, her government has bestowed on their commanders additional marks of honor and confidence. Under pretended blockades, witliout the presence, of an adequate force, and sometimes without the practicability of applying one, our commerce has been plundered in every sea : the great staples of our country have been cut off from their legitimate markets ; and a destructive blow aimed at our agricultural and maritime interests. In aggravation of these predatory measures, they have been considered as in force from the dates of their notification ; a retrospective effect Seing thus added, as has been done in other important ca<>'es, to the unlawfulness of tht: course pursued. And to rjiider the outrage the more signal, these mock blockades have been reiterated and enforced in the face of official communications from the British government, declaring as the true definition of a legal blockade, * that particular ports must be actually invested, and t)revious warnuig given to vessels bound to them, not to enter.' Not content with these occasional expedients for laying waste our neutrul trade, the cabinet of G. Britain resorted, at length, to the sweeping system of blockades, under the name of the Orders in Council, which has been moulded and managed, as might best suit its political views, its coai* mercial jealousies, or the avidity of British cruizers. To our remonstrances against the complicated and Irans- cendant injustice of tins innovation, the first reply was^ that the Orders were reluctantly adopted by G. Britain as a ne- cessary retaliation on Decrees of her enemy, proclaiming a general blockade of the British isles, at a time when tire naval force of that enemy dared not to issue from his own l>orts. She was remmded, without effect, that her own 10 "H 1-: ;. ,f.,^^ 74 HISl'OBY OV THU WAR. I i I ; • I ! prior blockade, unKiv{)|>orlccJ by an adequate naval force actually applied and continued, were a bar to tliiti plea : that executed £dict«i aga'uiHt miliioni^of our property could not be retaliation on Edicts confessedly impossible to be executed : that retaliation, to be just,, should full on th« party setting the guilty example^ not on an innocent party, which was not even chargeable with an acquiescence in it. When deprived of this flimsey veil for a prohibition of our trade with her enemy, by the repeal of his prohibition of our trade with G. Britain, her cabinet, instead of a cor- r(wSponding repeal, or a practical discontinuance of its Or« ders, formally avowed a determination to persist in them against the U. States^ until the markets of her enemy should be laid open to British products ; thus asserting un obliga- tion on a neutral power to require one belligerent to en. courage, by its internal regulations, the trade of anotlier belligercnt ; contradicting her own practice towards hU nations in peace, as well as in war ; and betraying the in- sincerity of those professions which inculcated a belief that, having resorted to her Orders with regret, she was anxions to Hnd an occasion for putting an end to them. . Abandoning still more, all respect for the neutral rights- of the U. States, and for its own consistency, the British government now demands as pre-reqni sites to a repeal of its Orders, as they relate to the United Stales, that a for- mality should be observed in the repeal of the French De- crees nowise necessary to their termination, nor exemplified by British usage ; and that the French repeal, besides in- eluding that portion of the Decrees which operates within a territorial jurisilietion, &s well as that which operates ou tlie high seas against the commerce oi' the U. States,^ should not be a single special repeal in relation to the U. States, but should be extended to whatever neutral nations uncon- nected with them, that may be affected by those Decrees. And as an additional insult,, they are called on for a formal disavowal of the condition and pretensions advanced by the French government, for which the U. States are so far from having made themselves responsible, that, in official ex- planations, which have been published to the world, and in a correspondence of the American minister at London; with the British minister for foreign affairs, such a respom sibility was explicitly and emphatically disclaimed. HISTORY eF THE WAR. 76 Tt has become indeed unflVcienitly certain Chat tlie cooi- inercc of the IT. Slates is to l>e sacrificed, not as intei'fering' with the hclh^'erent rights «foly which riheC'Overts tor her own coninierce and navigation. She carriefi on a war ap;ainst em would be followed by a war between the XT. States and France, unless th;; French Edicts should also be repealed. £veH -this communication, altl>ough silenciug for ever the plea of a disposition in the U. Htates to sic- viuiesce in those Edicts, origiuaily the sole plea for them, received no attention. .;••■, .if^-*" ..iv If no other proof existed of a predetermination of the British government against a repeal of its Orders, it might be found in the correspondence of the muiister Plenipoten- tiary of the U. States at London, and the British Secretary for Foreign Affairs in 1810, on 4he question whether the blockade of May, 1-806, was considered as in force, or as not in force. It had been ascertained that the French gov- ernment, which urged this blockade as the ground of its Berlin Decree, was willing, in the event of its removal, to i:epeal that Decree : which being followed by alternate ro- M ^ 'm ) !1y 76 HISTORY OF THE WAK. ji hi •n ill i! .1 (•. i I I I! I pt r.l.s of the other ofleiisive Eorl unity for accoin. plisliiiti> iiit uhject so important to the V. States, aiul |)ru- iVKHed MO ofken to bethf tlejiire of both llie hellinrerciits, wus iiiit known to the British government. As that govern. ment aiiniitH that an actual application o( an aiiei|nute force is nect'Sbary to the existence of a hgal blockade ; unil ii 'WUN notorious, lliat if such a force had ever been applied, its lon(r discontinuance had annulled the blocki. le in (piti. tion, there could be no sufficient objection on the part of G, Britain to a formal revocation of it ; and no imaginable oh. jiction to a declaration of the fact that the blockade did not exist. The declaration would have been consistent with her avowed principles of blockade, and would have enabled tlieU. States to demand from France the pledi^ed repeal of her Decrees ; either with success, in which case the way would have been opened for a general repeal of the bel- ligerent E Ninrcrity of llic iiesroriation with which he WAS churgeii. n secret e.>4 on one of our extensive frontiers ; a warfare, which is known to spare neither age nor sex, and to he distinguishi.'d by features pecuharly shocking to hu- manity. It is (hrticuit to account for the activity and com- binations, which liavc for some time been developing them- selves among the tribes, inconstant intercourse with British traders and garrisons, without connecting their hostility with that influence ; and without recollecting the authenti- cated examples of such interpositions, heretofore furnished by the officers and agents uf that government. Such is the spectacle of injuries and inri/.hall couunit a just cause into the hands of the Altnighty disposer of events ; avoiding all connections which might entangle it in tlie contests av views of other powers, and preserving a constant readiness to concur in an honorable re-establishment of peace aad friendship, is a solemn ques- tion, ^vhich the constitution wisely confides to the legis- lative Department of the government. In recommending it to their early deliberations, I am happy in the assurance that the decision will be worthy the enlightened and patri- otic Councils of a virtuous, a free, and a powerful nation* Having presented this view of tlie relatione of the U. States with O. Britain and of the solemn alternative grow- ii»g out of them, I proceed to remark that the communica- tions last made to Congress, on the subject of our relations wilh France, will have shown that since the revocation of her Decrees as they violated the neutral rights of the U. States, her government has authorised illegal captures, by its privateers and public ships, and that other outrages have been practised on our vessels and citizens. It will have been seen also, that no indemnity had l^een provided, or sat- isfactorily pledged, for the extensive spoliations committed nnder the violent and retrospective orders of the French government against the property of our citizens seized with- in the jurisdiction of France. 1 abstain at this time from recommending to the consideration of Congress definitive measures with respect to that nation, in the expectation, thai the result of unclosed discussions belwocn our ]\linistei HISTOBY Of TnC WAR. it Plenipotentiary nt Paris aiul the French pfovrrnnient will y|M'f(iily enable Cuii^^ri'Mi to dcciile, with greater luUantage, till lite conmedne tu tlu*rig;ht% the interentA, and the Innior •i our country. JAM£S MADISON. Waxhiiiiflonr Jnm 1, 1819. .i|i I .if T^.^.iii ! nf' — — •ii;y'i» f/J.H The Committee om Poreif/n Helationa to whom was refitrre{l the McMOffe of the PrtsUUcni of the ('. States oj the Ut of'June, \HVi,, .. ....... RKPORT-^ ' . . J * That alter the experience which the V. States have hud of the great injustice of the British i^overiiment towards llieni, exemplified by so many acta of violenee and oppres- Hiom it VI ill ihs more dilficiili to justify to the impartial ivurld their patient forbearance, thiui the meiuiiM'e ko which it bus become necessary to resort, to avenge the |vrongs, and vindicate the rights and honor of the nation. Your committee are happy to observe nn a dispassionate reveiw nf the conduct of the U. States* that they see in it no cause for censure. If a long forbearance under injuries otrghk ever to be considered a virtue in any nation, it is one which peculiarly becomes the U. States. No people ever had stonger mo- tives to cherish peace — none have ever cherished it with greater sincerity and zeal- -i /m But the period bi^ now arrived, when the U. States rausS .support their character and station among the nations oti* the earth, or submit to the luosi sliameful degradation. Forbearance has ceased to be a virtue. War 04v the ono side, and peace on the other, is a situation as ruinous as it is disgraceful. The mad ambition,^ the lost of power^ and commercial avarice of G. Britain, arrogating to herself the complete dominion of the ocean, and exercising over it an unbounded and lawless tyranny,, have left to neutral nations^ an alternative only, between the base surrender of their rights, and a manly vindication of them. Happily for the U. States, their destiny, under the aid of heaven, is in their own hands. The crisis is ^>rmidable only by their love. of peace. As so«mi a» it becotues> a duty to relinquish that situation, danger disappears. They have suffered no wrongs, they have received no insults, however great, for which they camiot obtain redress. 'i! i 11 I ' I^i i :l IVIorR than seven years have <'lapN€tI, since the com- mencement of this system of hiistile a^nrreMsion )>y the Bri- tish government, on the rigfhtiiand interests ofthe'U. Slates. The manner of its commencement was not less hostile, thiin the spirit with which it Una been prosecuted. The U. States have invariably done every thing in their power to preserve the relations of friendship with G. Britain. Of this dis- position they gave a disting-uished proof, at the moment when they were made the victims of an opposite poliry. The wrongs of the last war had not been forgotten at the commencement of the present one. They warned lis uf dangers, against which it was sought to provide. As early as the year 1804, the minister of the U. States at London was instructed, to invite the British government to enter into u negociation on all the points on which a collision might arise between the two countries, in the course of the war, and to propose to it un arrangement of their claims on fair and reasonable conditions. The invitation was accepted. A negociation had commenced and was depending, and nothing had occurred to excite a doubt that it would not terminate to the satisfaction of both the parties. It was at this time, and under these circumstances, that an attack was made, by surprise, on an important branch of the American commerce, which affected every part of the U. States, and involved many of their citizens in ruin. The commerce on which this attack was so unexpectedly made, was between the U. Stales and the colonies of France, Spain, and other enemies of G. Britain. A commerce just in itself — sanctioned by the example of G. Britain in regard to the trade with her own colonies — sanctioned by a solemn act between the two governments in the last war ; and sanc- tioned by the practice of the British government in the present war, more Mian two years having then elap;i>ed, w ith- ont any interference with it. The injustice of this attack could only be equalled by the absurdity of the pretext alledged for it. It was pretended by the British government, that in case of war, her eneniv had no right to modify its colonial regulations, so as to mitigate the calamities of war to the inhabitants of its colo- nies. This pretension, peculiar to G. Britain, is utterly in- compatible with the right of sovereignty, in every independ- ent state. i( we recur to the well established and univei- 8 Colo- ?rly iii- epend- Linivcr- fei HISTonV OF THE WAR. U\ vitty :ulmitted law oi' nations, we shall tind no sanction to jt, 111 that venerahlf nu\\ I 11; : „.il But n very differont . olicv uniiiiateil the then cabinet o( bltttfiami. Tfie liljeml conHiJr-ii-e aixi IneiiiUy overtiires of the V. Slate»# were taken advantage ol" lo ensnare llnm. Steady to iIm pnrf)0.«e, and mtlt \ibiy lioshle to thi.s connli y, thf British gfuveriinient rahnly looked urward to ihe nso- mriit^ when it mi'rht g-ive ibe niont tr\ and enterprise had etfdmrked in it a vast proportion of their shipping, and of their capital, which wvreatsea, under no other protection than tiie law of nations, and Ihe confidence which thev re- posed in t>;e justice and friendship of the British nation. At this period the unexpected blow was given. Many of oar vessels were s able to nKiintain, leuaily, so extensive a blockade, coiiKidenn*; llie vur in wlurji t>lie is en^raged, r«(|iiinng' such e\tciis:>e navid uperatiooN, is a question which IS not necossarv at thus liiue U> exunnne. Jt is suHi- ci< lit to he known, that such turce *w:)s not applied, and tins iS evident from the teiins of the hlookade itsell, by which, comparatively, un inconsiderable |K>rtion oft tlie coast only v« as dec hired to be in a slate of strict and ri^oroiui blockajlf. The objection to the measure is not diminished bv that circunislance. If tlie force Avas not applied, the biockatle was unlawful, from whatever cause the failure iniglit proceed. The belli<^erent who mslilutes the block- ade, ca>mot absolve itself from the obligation to apply the force under any pretext whatever. For a belligerent lo relax a blockade, which it could not maintain, it would be a refinement in injustice, not less insultiujj to the under- fctauding, than.repug'iiant to the law of nations. To claim merit for the mitigation of an evil, wiiich the party either t>ad not the power, or found it inconvenient to inHict, would be a new mode of encroaching on neutral rights. Your committee think it just to remark, that i\V\s act of the Bri- tish government does not appear to luive been adopted in the sense in which it has lieen since construed. On con- sideration of all the circumstances attending the measure, and particularly the character of the .distinguished states- man who announced it, we are pe:>n \ded that it was con- ceived in aspirit of conciliation, an(-^ intended to lead to an accommodation of all differences iielween the U. States and G. Britain. His death disappoinled ihat hope, and the act has since become subservicul. to other purposes, it has been made by his successors, a pretext for that vast system of usurpation, which has so long oppressud and harrassed our commerce. The next act of the British government which claims our attention is the Orders in Council of Jan.7, 1807^ by which neutral powers are prohibited trading from one port to anoth- er of France or her allies, or any other country with which <]. Britain might not freely trade. By this order the pre- tension of Eiigland, heretofore claimeti by every other pow- ^v, to prohibit neutrals disposioj^ of parts ut their cargoes at )i » J I 'f m HIStORY OP f IlK WAi:. I ! ! > \ 1 n ! I I ; ■i i| i I r different ports of the same enemy, is revivt.* and with vahl acnimulation of injury. Every enemy, however tjrt at llii; number or distance from each <>lh«'r, is considered one, jtud the like trade even with powers at peace wilh England who, from motives of pohcy had excluded or reslraioed her roin- merce, was also prohibited. In ihis act the British u;o- veriimenc evidently disclaimed allretrard forneutriil rights. Aware that the measures authorised by it could find no pretext in any belligerent right, none was nrij^ed. To pro- hibit the sale of our produce, cunsisting o\ innocent articles at any port of a belligerent, not blockaded, to consider every belligerent as one, and Kubjecl neutrals to tkie san»e restraint with all, as if there was but one, were held en- croachments. But to restrain or in any manner interfere ■with our commerce with neutral nations with whom G. Bri- tain was at peace, and against whom she had no justifiable cause of war, for the sole reason, that they restrained or ex- cluded from their ports her commerce, "was utterly incom- patible with the pact lie relations subsisting between the two countries. We proceed to bring into view the British Order in Council of November \V\ 1807, which superceded every other order, and consumtfr%.ed that system or hostility on the commerce of the Tj. States which has been since so steadily pursued. By this Order, all France i»nd her allies and every other country at war with G. Britain, or with which she was not at war, from which the British flag was excliuled, a'/.i all the colonies of her enemies were subjected to the same restrictions as if they were actually blockaded in the PiOst strict and rigorous manner ; and all trade in articles the produce and manufacture of the said countries and colonies, and the vessels engaged in it were subjected to capture and condemnation as lawful prize. To this order certain ex- ceptions were made which we forbear to notice because they were not adopted from a regard to neutral rights, bul were dictated by policy to promote the commerce of Eng land, and so far as they related to neutral powers, weir- said to emanate from the clemency of the British govern- ment. It would be superfluous in your committee to state, thai by this order the British government declared direct and positive war against the U. States. The domuiion of ll»t: •1 ocean w ell, and e and eoiK the Bntis iiiMltr its pciured tions. T •AVZ them So tar House th the antho the, L' . ^ which ha the inipi< iiiiceasin she has cannoi they ent< cfteding. our felloe iieus, and extends, i petted to citizens a families, mitiious s of a forei has givei lated, an taken fro while th€ States t Every n continual have rep« raiigeme people, irom this lion, is a This li pressmei th(^ msnll 1 lb < Mil HISTORY OP TIfIB AVAR. Kj orcnn was coniplotely iisurpetl by il, all commerce I'orWid- t!i, and every Hag driven from il, or nubjerted to capture and rondemiiatioM, which did not Hubserve the policy of the Bnlish t;fovernnienl by paymf^ il a tribute nnd sailing niuirr its Hanction. Kroni this f>enod the V. <^lales have inciureil the luaviest Iossch, and most mortifyinij hiunilin* tionx. Thev ha\e born the calamities ol v, ur without retort- m iion, is all that tliey have sought. This lawless waste of our trade, and equally unlawful im- pressment of our seamen, have been much aggravated bv the in^inlts and ijidiguities attending them. Under the pre- ■(. , , .jl H ^l HISTORY OP THE WAR. « : I , ■! I I : ii ' I' ■J text of blockadiiirr the harbont of France and her allies, Uritioli NquadrunM have been stationed on our own coadl, tu ivatch and annoy our own trade. To give eA'ect to tiie blockade of European {lorts, the ports and harbors of tiie TT. Stales have been blockaded. In executing' tliese orders of the British guvernment, or in obeying the spirit wincli was known io animate it, the commaiuiera of these squ;td- roiis have encroached on our jurisdiction* seized our %es- sels, and carried into effect impressments within our iimiis, and done other acts of great iiyustice, violence, and oppres- sion. The U. States have seen, with mingled indignation, and surprise, that these acts, instead of procuring to the perpetrators the punishment due to unauthorised crimes, iiave not failed to recommend them , to the favor of thtir government. Whether the 'British government has contributed by ac- tive measures to excite against us the hostility of the savage tribes on our frontiers, your committee are not disposed to occupy much time in investigating. Certain indications of general notoriety may supply the place of authentic du- cuineiits ; though these have not been wanting to establish the fact in some instances. It is known that symptoms of British hostility towards the U. States, have never failed to produce corresponding symptoms among those tribes. It is also well known, that on all such occasions, abundant sup- plies of the ordinary munitions of war have been afforded Ly the agents of British commercial companies, and even from British garrisons, wherewith they were enabled to commence that system of savage warfare on our frontiers, which has been at all times indiscriminate in its effect on all ages, sexes, and conditions, and so revolting to humanity. Your committee would be much gratified if they could close here the detail of British wrongs — but it is their duly to recite r.:aother act of still greater malignity, than any of those which have b^.n already brqught to your view. The attenipt to dismember our Union, and overthrow our excel- lent Constitution, by a secret mission, the object of which was to foment discontent and excite initurrection against the constituted authorities and laws of the nation, as lately dis- closed by the ageiti employed in it, affords full proof that there is no bound to the hostility of the British governmei^ .' 1 li.i a HISTORY OF THE WAR. m toward.H the Uniteil States — no act, however unjiislifiablr, ^hwh it would not commit, to accompliiili their ruin. Thiif attempt excites the greuler horror from the couKiderutioii that it wus oiade while the U. States and G. Britain were al ueace, and an amicable negociation wasdc'peiidii>ji>;betwe«Mi liiem for the accommodation of tlieir diflereiices, through public minister^}, regularly authorised lor the purpose. The U. States have beheld, with unexampled forbear^ ance, this continued series of hostile encroachments on their right!! and interests, iii the hope, that, ^ieldin^ to the force ot friendly remonstrances, often repeated, the British go- vernment might ado^U a more just policy towards thrm y but that hope no longer exists. They have also weighed in) artially the reasons which have been urged by the Bri- tish government in vindication of these encroachments, and found in them neither justification or apology. The British gover.»ment has alledged in vindication of the Orders in Council, that they were resorted to as i. reta- liation on France, for similar ag;irres»ions committed by her on our neutral trade with the British dominions. But how has this plea been supported 1' The dates of British and French aggressions are well known to the world. Tlieir origin and progress have been marked with too wide and destructive a waste of the properly of our felbw citi- zens to have been forgotten. Tiic Berlin Decree, of Nov.. 21, 1806, was the first aggression of France, in the present war. Eighteen months had then elapsed,, after tlie attack, made by G. Britain on our neutral trade with the colonies of France and her allies,, and six months from th« date of the proclamation of iVfay, 1806. Even on Jan. 7, 1807, the dale of the first British Order in Council, sm short a term had elapsed, after the Berlin Decree, that it was hardly pos« sil)ie that the intelligence of it should have cached the U. Stales. A retaliation, which is to produce its effect, by operating on a neutral power, ought not to be resorted to,. till tlie neutral had justified it by u culpable acquiescence in tite unlawful act of the otlier belligerent. It ought to be (lel.iyed until after Mifhcient time ha^i been allowed lo th^. neutral lo remon^iiuite against tlie measure coiuplained of, to receive an answer, and act on it, which had not been (lone in the present instance ; and when the Order of Nf2v. 1 1, was issueil, it is w«li luiown iital a minister of Franci:: bad 1 ') 1 1 '' 1 1 H ■ A \ i^ , , ! f • 1- ijfcll •dl Ml: 1^ w^-'f<;i.\-.\.. 9n HISTORY OF 1 HE WAR. 11! Kill '\\.'' 'Ml ■i« fleclared lollic iiiinister plenipotenliary of the V. Stales nt Paris, thuk it was not intended thai the Decree of Berhn should apply to the U. States. It is equally wpW kiiowii th.it no American vessel had then been condemned under it, op seizure been nifide, with which the British {government wns acquainted. The facts prove incontestibly, thai the tneas. ures of France, however unjustifiable in thentselves, were nothing more than a pretext for those of Eii<^land. And of the insufficiency of that pretext, ample proof has already been afforded by the British government itself, and in the most impressive form. Although it was declared that the Orders in Council were retaliatory on France for her De- crees, it was also declared, audio the OrdCk's themselves, that owing to the superiority of the British navy, by which the fleets of France and her allies were coiiHned witnin their own ports, the French Decrees were considered only as empty threats. It is no jusli6cation of the wrongs of one power, that tli* like were committed by another ; nor ought the fact, if true, to have been urged by either, as it could afford no proof of its love of justice, of its mcg'nanimity, or even of its courage. It is more worthy the government of a great nation, to re- lieve than to assail the injured. Nor can a repetition of the wrongs by another power, repair the violated rights, or wounded honor, of the injured party. An utter inability alone to resist, would justify a quit I surre'.ider of our rights, and degrading submission to the will of olliers. To that condition the United Slates are not reduced; nor do they fear it. Thiit they ever consented to dis- cuss with either, the misconduct of the other, is a proof of their love of peace, of their moderation, and of the hope which they still indulged, th;il friendly appeals tc just and generous sentiments, would not be made to llieni in vain. But the motive was mistaken, if their forbearance was imputed, either to the wvuit of a just sensibility to their wrongs, or of a determination, if suitable redress was inA obtained, to resent them. The time has now arrived when this system Of reasoning must cease. It would be insulliiij^ ^ J to rej")eat it. It would be degrading to hear it. The U. States mu.st act as an independent nation, and assert their rights, and avenge their wrongs, according to their own estimate of them, with the party vi'ho commits them, hold- in jy it resp' ut aiiolhei For the hy the api land only, and is too conimercii uii evidciM their wior tianie footi acconmiot niid in res Had the which was and Franc the U. Sti iiig to thei Tlie comn i::reiitly inj tion lias n that is a C( lie for the jieople, is not tail to r.luim. More r( lowards tl has been | ders in Co Sioverninei Uritish cot: Prance an was also a It appears, vornment, with Frai i)e subdue( M'esume o Jish y;oven been made ns the com penly aiul ,! IIISTOHY OF TUE WAR. 80 itis: il r<\spoii8i))le for lU own iiiistict>d>, unmitigated by those ut aiiuthcr. ), For the difference made between G. Britain and France, by the apitlication of the no.i-iniporlation act a^ainMt Eng- land only, the motive Itas been already too often explained, and is too well kuown to require further illustration. I., the cunimercial restriclions to which the IT. States resorted hh ail evidence of their Nen.sibility, and a nuld retaliation of their wi-oni>'.s, they invanabU placed both powers on the Kiune footing, lioldni;^ to each in re!4|>ect to itself, the same ancunmiodation, in case it accepted the condition ottered ; and in respect to the other, the same restraint, if it retused. Had the British government confirmed the arrangement which was entered into with the British minister in - lh09, niid France maiidained her Decrees, with France would llie v. States have had to resist, with the iirmness belong- inqfto their character, the continued violation of their rights. The committee do not hesitate to declare, that France has iXrciitly injured the U. States, and that satisfactory repara- tion lias not been made for many of those injuries. But, that is a concern which the U. Slates will look to and set- tie for themselves. The high character of the American people, is a sufficient pledge to the wor!;!, that ihey will not fail to settle it, on conditions which they have a right to .'.'luim. More recently, the true policy of the British government iowards the C States has been completely uitfolded. It has been publicly declared by those in power, that the Or- ders in Council should not be repealed, until the French •loveniinent had revoked uli its internal restraints on the • Hritisli commerce, and that the trade of the U. States, with France and her allies, should be prohibited until G. Britain was also allowed to trade with them. By this declaration, if aj)peurs, that to satisfy the pretensions of the British go- veinnietit, the V. States must join G. Britain in the war with France, and prosecute the War, until France should he subdued, for without her subjugation, it were in vain to presume on such a concession. The hostility of the Bri- tish ;»;oveinment has been still further disclosed. It has been made manifest that the IT. Slates are considered by it :is the commercial rival of G. Britain, and that their pros- jjcrity and growth are incompatible with their welfare. 12 I; (■ .1 'tj^ r s 1 ir ; i V;f #■» K .- i 1M> HISTORY Of an: war. Ih [ : ! iv i I' ill i;<- I When all ihcf** circnuistancf!* aro lakcri into ronsuleratior), it is impossible tor your (oniniilUi: to e evident to the impartial world, that the contest which is now forced on llie U. States, is radically a con- test lor their sovereignly and independence. Your coni- juillee will not enlarge on any of the injuries, however great, which have had a tr.msitory etfect. They wish to call the attention of the House to those of a permanent nature only, which intrench so deeply on our most important rights, and wound so extensively and vitally our best interests, as conid not fail to deprive the II. States of the principal advantages of their revolution, if submitted to. The control of our commerce bv G. Britain, in regulating it at pleasure, and almost expelling it from the cean ; the oppressive man- ner in which these regulations have ijeen carried into eflect, by seizing and contiscating such of our vessels with their cargoes, as were said to have violated her edicts, often with- out previous warning of their danger ; the impressment of our citizens from on board our own vessels, on the high Sti'ASf and elsewere, and holding them in bondage until it suited the convenience of their oppressors to deliver them up, are encroachments of thai high and dangerous tenden- cy which could not fail to produce that pernicious effect, nor would those be the only consequences that would result from it. The British government might for a while, be satisfied with the ascendency thus gained over us, but \\s pretensions would soon increase. The proof which so complete and disgraceful a submission to its authority, would aflbrd of our degeneracy, could iK>t fail to inspire confidence, that there was no limit to which its usurpations, and our degradations might not be carried. Your committee, believing that the freeborn sons of America are worthy to enjoy the lil>erly which their fa- thers purchased at the price of so much blood and treasure, and seeing, in the measures adopted by G. Britain, a course commenced and persisted in, which might lead to a loss of national character and independence, feel no hesitation in HISTORY OF THE WAR. 91 idvisiii'^ rrsi^ilance by force, in wlmli the Aiiieric ann of ihc priM'iil liiiy will |»ri>t also ihc will and powtT to iiiaiiilaiii it. Kelytiif^uu tlie patriotism of the nation, and cuiitideiilly tniHting; tlial the Lord of Hosts will go with iin to battle in n n^lil- eoiis cause, and crown our elKirts willi success — yourconi- mitlee recuninieiKl an^appeal to AUxMS. ^.)on after the above Report was read, Mr Calhoun, one of the Committee of Forei«jfn Kehitions, on leave beinij jriven, presenlt d the followm:'^ '^ H, declariiij( war between ■rs. and the Uniled. Slates end day's debate, pas- «Mitatives, and was ap« iHlh day of June. * Great-Britain and her depei and their territories ; which, scd the Senate and House o proved by the President, on itn AN ACT, Vedariny War between the fjnited Kiiujdum nf Gnat-Bri' tain and Ireland^ and the dependencies thereofy and the United States of America ^ and their Territories. BE IT ENACTED by the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the United Stales of America, in Congress assembled, That WAR be, and the same is hereby declar- ed to exist, between the United Km|rdom of Great-Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof, and the United States of America and their Territories : and that the Pre- sident of the United States be, and he is hereby authorised to use the whole land and naval force of the United States, to carry the same into effect, and to issue to private armed vessels of the United States, commissions, or tetters of marque and general reprisal, in such form as he shall think proper, and under the Seal of the United States, against the vessels, gfoods, and effects of the government of the same. United Kingdom of Great-Britain and Ireland, and the sub' jects thereof. ♦ Approved. JAMES MADISON. June 18, 1812. Yeas and Nays on the above Bill. IN THE SENATE. "' Yeas 19.— Nays 13. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. NeW' Hampshire — Yeas, Dinsmore, Hall, and Harper, 3 —Nays, Bartleit and Sullivan, 2, H r. u I, . ill '• t'. M '} i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /, €// V. ^ c^l i< t 1.0 1.1 "* — «'»2.o lit u 14:0 11:25 i 1.4 I I 1.6 Photographic -Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872.4503 '^ \ <^'... u. 4 6^ ^ Ii 1 ' i '' 1 : '1 !• I Ii I 'IP Hli'TORY OF THE WAR. Massachusetts— Ye9iH, Seaver, Csirr, Green, Richardson, Turner, and Widg^ery,*}— Nays, Quiiicy, Keed, Tajjgarl, Eiy, Bngliaiii. White, Talhna.i, and Whealon, 8. Jifuxte-Jsiand — None — Nays, PoUer and Jackson, 2. \emumt — Yeas, Fisk, Shaw, and Strong, 3 Nays, Chittenden, 1. Cvnneclicut — None — Nays, Stiirges, Davenport, Mose. Icy, Cham|»ion, Tallniadgej Pilkin, and Law, 7. Atir- KorA — Yeas, Pond, Avery, and Sage, 3 — Nays, Bieecker,£inott, Cooke, Filch, Gold, Sammons, Slow, Tra- cy, Van Gortlandt, Miichiil, and Metcalf, 1 1. i\tfV'.hrseif — Yeas, Gondii, and Morgan, 2 — Nays, Boyd, Hufly, Maxwell, andNewbold, 4. Fennsylvama — Yeas, Seyberl, Anderson, Brown, Ro- berts, Fuidley, Smilie, Lyle, Whitehdl, Bard, Davis, Le- fevre, Hyneman, Piper, Lacock, Crawford, and Smith, 16 — Niys, Milnor, and Rodman, 2. Delaware — None — Nays, Kidgely, 1. ' Maryland — Yeas, Kent, Little, M'Kim, Ringgold, Brown, and Archer, 6 — Nays, Key, Goldsborough, and Stuart, 3. Virginm — Yeas, Nelson, Gholson, Goodwyn, Newton, Taliaferro, Dawson, Bassett, Smith, Hawes, Roane, 31'Koy, Pleasants, Clopton, and Bur well, 14 — Nays, Ran- dolph, Lewis, Baker, Hreckenridge, and Wilson, 5. ' JSorih- Carolina — Yeas, Alston, Black ledge, Macon, King, Cochran,and Pickens, G—Nay^8, Pearson, M Bryde, and Stanford, 3.^^^ - - * ^ • - . .>y',.^i%. South-Carolina — Yeas, Williams, Cheves, Lowndes, Butler, Calhoun, £arle,Wmn, and Moore, 8 — Nays, None. Georgia — Yeas, Troup, Bibb, and Hall, 3 — Nays, None. Kentucky — Yeas, Joanson, Desha, New, M'Kee, and Ormsby, 6 — Navs< None. '/enne.ssee — Yeas, Rhea, Grundy, and Sevier, 3— Nays, None. _ ' -';:'' Ohio, Yeas, Morrow,! — Nays, None. ! ' Yeas, 98— Nays 62— Majority 36. '"ft The Declaration of War, was announced the day after its passage, by the President's Proclamation, of which the following is a copy >- * * " ; u u ; m . i /, » '■v'.i .J HISTORY OF THE WAR. It BY Tiir. rurRinr.jCT or thb ; UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. A PKOCLAMATION. WHEREAS Uie Congress of the U. States, by virtue of the constituted authority vested in them, have declared bv tiieir act, (>€arin<^ date the ei<^hteenth day of the present month, that WAR exists htlwecn the ITniled Kingdom of 0. Britain and Ireland, and the dependencies thereof, and the U. States of America, and their Territories : Now, therefore, I, JAMES MADISON, President of the U. States of Americe, do hereby proclaim the same to all whom it may concern ; and I do specially enjoin on all |)er- sons holdings offices, civil or military, under the authority of the United States, that they be vigdant and zealous in discharging the duties respectively incident thereto : and I do moreover exhort all the good people of the United States, as they love their country ; as they value the pre- cious heritage deriveiL,from the virtue and valor of tneir fathers ; as they feel the wrongs which have forced on them the last resort of injured nations ; and as they consult the best means, under the blessing of Divine Providence, of abridging its calamities ; that they exert themselves in preserving order, in promoting concord, in maintaining- the authority and efficacy of the laws, and in supporting and invigorating all the measures which may be adopted by the constituted authorities, for obtaining a speedy, a just, and an honorable peace. In testimony wiiekeof I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed to these presents. ' * « - u *• > (SEAL) DONE at the City of Washington, the nineteenth day of June, one thousand eight bundi'cd and twelve, and of the Independence of the United States the thirty sixth. (Signed) ' JAMES MADISON. By the President , /5 it y '■ \ - :i : (Signed) JAIMES MONROE, ' ti * , Secretary of Stale » t* ■ i 94 HISTORY OF THE WAR. ■^k\ ^ .u illl Ml ■ \ t ' •» t CHAPTER IV. THE FIRST PRISONER. Was taken in Norfok, Virijmia — A g'entleman, by llie name uf Wiikinsofif arrived in that place about I he lir.stot' June, and put up at the BhtiHh Consul's. The citizens suspected him to be a British uihcer, and arcord. inj^ly kept an eye upon him. On the receipt of the De- claration uf War, VVilkinson, as the mail boat was about to depart, was seen to make a precipitate retreat throuirh the back street^ which led from the Consul's to the wharf, wher« the boat lay, when he sprang on board, darted into the cabin, and in a few seconds was under way. It was known that a man of war was hovering on the coast, and bi»intention was to communicate the declaration of war to her. fioats, from the navy yard and fort N*'Ison, were immediately dispatched, which succeeded in taking W^iU kmson. lie proved to be a captain in the Royal Marmes. THE FIRST PRIZE. Was the schooner Patriot, .1. A. Brown, Master, from Guadaloupe, bound to Ualifiix, with a valuable cargo of sugar, taken by the revenue cutter Jefferson, Wm. Ham, Master, and arrived at Norfolk, June 26. MESSAGE, To tite Senate and Hmise ef Hepresenlatives af the United States, I transmit, for the information of Congress, copies of letters which have pa?*^ "d between the Secretary of State, and the Envoy Extr^. 'nary and minister Plenipotentiary of Great-Britain. JAMES MADISON. June 15, 181l». ... Mr. Foster to Mr. Monroe, Washington, June 10, 1812. SIR — It has been extremely satisfactory to me, to find by your letter dated June 6th, which I had the honor to re- ccive yesterday morning, that it was not the wish of the American government to close all further discussion rela- tive to the important questions at issue, between the tvo HISTORY OP TrieWAfU 96 countries. I be^ you to lie a.ssure({, sir, that it nerer was iiiv iiileiition, in alluding to my leiters which had remain* ill withuut answer at )uur oflice, to u»e any exprefisiimt wjiicli could, in the most remote manner* contain any tiling nersonal. I Nhall ever be ready with pleasure to liear les- timoi>y to thai frankness, candor, and ^ood tem|>er, which so einnient^y distinguish yon, and have been acknowledged to belong to you, by all who have ever had the honor to discuss with you any question of' public interest. But, sir. although you were not backward in entering in- to lull explanations with me verl>ally, I could moI but feel, particularly as 1 had just had cumniunications to make to you of the greatest importance, that 1 had a right to expect tVoni you a written reply to them ; and while I remember* ed that two of my former notes were still unanswered, the one written three months ago, containing amung other im« ])ortant topics, a particular question which I was expressly instructed to put to you, as to whether you could point to any public act, on the part af the French government, by winch they had really revoked their Decrees, and the otiier furni!>hing- strong evidence of the continued existence of those very Decrees ; alsu, when I perceived that my note, coiumunicating the duke of Bassano's report, which you kiiew was to (je sent to you on the 1st inst. was not waited for, but that a message was transmitted by the Executive to Congress, which it seems contained a reference to an insu- lated passage m the despatch on winch my note was found- ed, that if taken unconnected with what preceded or fitl- lowed, it might be liable to misconstruction, I could not avoid apprehending that no means of further explanation niigiit be left open to me. J beg you to be assured sir, that if I was embarrassed by your demands of an explanation as to what appeared to yon to be a difference between lord Castlereugh^s despatch, com- municated to you, and my note, it arose from the novelty ot the demand, that seemed to involve an informality of jmiceeding, in which I could not feel myself juslitied in acquiescing. Had you, in making a reply to my cominu- nicution, asked me how fur a repeal of the French Decrees was demanded by my government, and as to whether a sjje- cial repeal, as far as respected America, would be sufticient, I sliuuld have had no hesitation in giving you every satm- faction. |] n I ! 5! i ..it I f ' I ! ill ! 1 ih « if; .». UltiTOhY UF TU£ \V^R ' YoQ note of the 6th instant has, by shewing that the ilour was not absohitely shut to a coiitniuance of our consultum accompanying it, published in the oflicial pajx r at Paris, is not a very different instrument from the abuvi letter, offering a mere provisional lepeal ot the Decrees, upon conditions utterly inadmissible : conditions too, which really formed of themselves a question of paramount im- portance. The condition then demanded, and which was brought forward so unexpectedly, was a repeal of the blockade of HlJlTORT or THE 'WAS. OS Mu), lt^>t>, whicli Mr. Piiikiiey, in ike lelleryou hatere> tcrtul lui' to, (ic'ctiircil to have l>eeti ruauired by Aineric;i as iiHiispeiiMaUieiii Uih vi«w of hrracbol inlercouriie aiid inm* iiilercoiirse, as well as a re|ical ut olh«!r blockades of a tinw liar characUfi', which were maintained by G. Britain, to be i'uiiiiiled ui) strict niaritiuie rig^hti*. The coiiditiunK now annexed to>the French demand are tnui'h more extcnstive, and uit I have tihewn, includeM a sur- render of many other of the most evlablishcd principles of the public law of nations. i cannot, I confenit, wee upon what ground you contend that the report of the duke of BatMtiiio, afi^irilM no proof against any partial re|)eal of the Fueiidi ])eoree8. The principles advanced in that report are ge>^eral ; there is 110 exception made in favor of America, and in tlie correa* pondence of Mr. Barlow, as officially published, he seems to allow that he had no explanation respecting it. JPlow can it, therefore, be considered in any other light than as ft republication of the Decrees themselves ? which, as it were to take away all ground for any doubt, expressly advances ;i doctrine tliat can only be put in practice on the high seas, tiurnely, * that free ships shall make free goods,* since the applifiation of such a principle to vessels in port is absolute- [v rejected under his continental system. It is, indeed, impossible to see how, under such circum* >innces, America can call u\yon G. Britain to revoke her Orders in Council. It is impossible that she can revoke them at this moment, in common justice to herself and to her allies ; bat, sir, while under tlie necessity of contiiiu- mg; them, she will be ready to manage their exercise, so as \o alleviate as much as possible, the pressure upon America ; .tiid it would give me great pleasure to confer with you, at tay time, upon the most advisable manner of producing Hi;»! etfpct. I have the honor to bt», &c. ^^ AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER. 1^ < I AL: Monroe to Mr. Faster, Dj!:i»AiiT.MENT or Static, Jone 13,1812. »IR — 1 am not aware that any letter of yours, on any &ubjert, on which the linal decision of this government had act been communicated to you, has been sufiered to remain wirhoiit a I'rgmpt atul written answer : and even in the ia ! t I a 'A iil '■ ii 98 HiarruHV of the wam. iHi ; it i! 1: 'I i! ill Hi ;!l i vwe% ihiiN suppcM^l to hsive l>een Kellled, which you thought |«roper to revive, ahhoiigh no fiivonible change had taken place in tlie policy or meuHureii of your {rovertiineut, I li:i\t> n«ver failed to explain tn you iiifornially, in early inter- views, the reasons which made it ini|)eriou8ly the duty of the U. States tu continue to afford, to their rights and inter- ests, all the protection in their power. The acknowledg- ment of this on your part, was due to the frankness uf tlie communications which have passed between us on the high- ly important subjects on which we have treated, and 1 aio happy to find by your letter of the 10th inst. that in relyio|f on it, 1 have not been disappointed. The impropriety of the demand made by your govern- ment of a copy of the instrument of nistructions given by the French government to its crui/ers, after the repeal of the Berlin and Milan Decrees, was suHSciently shown in M r. Pinkncy^s letter to the Marquis i)f Wellesley of the 10th of December, 1810, and in my letters to you of the 2dd July 1811, and 14th January last. It was for this rea- son that I thought it more suitable to refer you to those letters, for the answer to that demand, than to repeat it in a formal communication. It excites, however no small surprise, that you s||ouUl continue to demand a copy of that instrument, or any new proof of the repeal of the French Decrees, at the very time that you declare that the proof which you demand, in the extent to which we have a right to claim tlie repeal, would not, if afforded, obtain a corresponding repeal of the Orders in Council. This demand is the more extraordinary, when it is considered, that since the repeal of the Decrees, as it res))ect8 the U. States, was announced, your government has enlarged its pretensions, as to the conditions on which the Orders in Council should be repealed, and even invigor- ated its practice under them. ' It is satisfactory to find that there has been no misapprehen- sion of the condition, without which your government reiu- ses to repeal the Orders in Council. You admit that to obtain their repeal, in respect to the IT. I^tates, the repeal of the French Decrees must be absolute and iniconditional, not as to the U. States only, but to all other neutral nations; nor as far as they affect neutral conmierce only, but as they operate internally and affect the trade in British manufac- HISTORY OF T1IC WAR. turfjv with the eneini<^(k of 0. Britain. \n the Ordeni in Council have fonned n principsil caune of tb« difK.*renccfi which unhnppily exist between our couiithe)*, a condition of their repeal, communicnted in any authentic document or niaiiiier, was entitled to partirulnr attentiou ; and aurely iiono could have so hi^h a claim to it, a^i the letter from Lord Castierenn^h to you, submitted by hi«i nothority to my view, for tlie exprcMS purpose of making that ctmditioo, with itH other contents, known to tliis government. With this knowled<^e of the determination of your gfov* «rnment, to say nothing of the otiier conditions annexed to the re|)eal of the OrderH in Council, it is impossible for me to devise or conceive any arrangement consistent with the honor, the rights and interests of the U. States, that coidd be made the basis or become the result of a conference on the subject. As the President neverlheless retains his soli- citude to see a happy termination of any differences l>e- tween the two countries, and wishes that every opportunity* however unpromising, which may possibly lead to it, should be taken advantage of, I have the honor to inform you that I am ready to receive and pay due attention to any com- munication or propositions, having the object in view, which you may be authorised to make. ■*■'■- ' 'I i Under existing circumstances, it is deemed most advisa- ble, in every respect, that this should be done in writing, asmosl susceptible of the requisite precision, and least liable to niisaprehension. Allow me to add, that it is equally desirable that it should be done without delay. By this it is not meant to preclude any additional opportunity which may beaftbrded by a personal interview. 1 have the honor to be, &c. • JAM£;^ MONRCMS, •/ ' JMr, Foster to Mr. Monroe. ' '^i Washington, June 14, 1812. SIR — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th. instant. '' ' • 'J J . r » It is really quite painful to me to perceive, that notwith- standing the length of the discussions which have taken place between us, misapprehensions have again arisen res- pecting some of the most important features in the questions at issue l>etween our two countries ; which misapprehen- flions, perhaps, proceeding from my not expressing myself — ■pi i i i f . (. ■, ■ 1^1 ii '* ( u I ■ ;;r . i\ J" . ti^ 3 i*til 100 ItfSTOHY OF 'I Iff. \> Ali. lUfSci^ntly cltenr in my note of (lie lOtli iitsi. ui icUtiuit u one ol'tboKe qaektionis it is nlMoluUly lurt.ssirj ^ilOlll(i Ih done ownV' I lieflT leave tm^'m to Male 103011, ftir, (lint it 'm not Ike operation of (lie French Ducretn ii|kmi liie British trade Mjiii ill)' enemies of G. Britain, (li»( liaNcver formed n Kulijcctot dincutftion between iiM, and (hill it in the oiicrnlion of tliusc Decreett opon G. Britain, tiii'uuu[h iinitrai comiilcrci! only, vhicb has really itcen the point nt iwiiie. Had Amcnrs reaiNtetl the effect of those Dv.cropH in (heir full cxtnit iipun her neutral rtfchtn, we alionld never have had a difference upon the subject ; but ivhile French cruizers continue to captore her ships under their operation, she seems to have been satisfied if Ihose ships were released by special iiu^Ki- irial mandates, issued as the occasion arose ; and she hai^ chosen to call municipal nn une\aniple thority by France, in countries not under French jurisdir- lion, and expressly invaded for the purpose of prevenliiiv their trade with England, on principles directly applicable to, if they could be enforced a{^nin!4t America. < .f: I beg you to recollect, sir, (hut if no revocation had been made of the Orders in Council, upon any repeal of the French Decrees, ns hitherto shown by America to have taken place, it has not l)een the fault oi his majesty V gov. ernment. It was France, and afierwards America, tiint connected the question relative to the right of blockade wilh that arising out of the Orders in Council. You well know that if these two questions had not been united togetlier, the Orders in Council would have been, in 1810, revoked. How could it be expected (hat G. Britain, in common jus- tice to other neutral nations, to her allies, and to herNelf, should not contend for a full and absolute repeal of tlie French Decrees* or should engage to make any particular concession in favor of America, when she saw that Ame- rica would not renoqnce her demand for a surrender with the Orders in Council of some of our most important mari- time rights. £vcn to this day, sir, you have not explicitly stated in any of the letters to which you refer me that the American government would expressly renounce asking for a revocti- tionofthe blockadeof May, 1806, and the other blockiide alluded to iu Mr. Piiiknev's leU*?r ; much lef?shavel bnii HIXT.tRY or Till WAR. Ml liflo io oUttiiii from you any di«rUimer of llic rigliU awiertud f)v Kratu't* to impof)«; iifuiii llie worltl ihe new nianlinMf coJo proiiuilg'iUcd liy Friiiicc in IIh^ tatr re|mblicalKNi cf licr D.rivL'H, nllliotijjfh 1 ltav«>, Ity onler of my goverttmeiit, ex- )r(>ssiy slat<' you regard um unneressary, you c&nnoi expect of us lo o-ive up our Orders in Council. : '.'uii n-., ome degree from his hostile Decrees, and whether it were more advisable to push those measures rigorously on Hnctil they oomplete the breaking of it up altogether, (the main object of our retaliatory system) orio take advantage of the partial and progressive retraotioiis of it, produced by ihe ne. oessities of the enemy, has been a question with his maje^y's ^orernment. It is one on which they would have lieen most desirous to consult the interest of America. Under oxisting circumstances, however, and from our late com- munications, 1 have not felt encouras iged you any wnlten proposal arising out of this state of things ; I shall Ihcrof or p. merely again express to you, that as the object of lot UISTOHr OrTHK WAM. :i V I: W'. f r t t . ;' ;ii } ' i. ill G. Hi'ittin ha* been ihroiiipliout to endeavor, wliilo forced, iu behalf of her moMt important rights and intermt to retn. liate upon t^ French Hccreeti, to ce found which would have ao deitirable an etiV^ci. ' ' » I have the honor to be, &c. AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER. .Ml- MESSAGE. To the Senale and House of liepreaeniatives o/t/u: U. Staks. I communicate to (Jong^ress copies of a letter to the Se- cretary of State, from the charge*; d'affairs of the U. States at London, and of a note to him from the British Secretary for foreign aifuirs. ' I JAMES MADISON. June 22, 1812. r. ''AU 7. 'I. '» <*l ' $ Mr, Russell to the Secretary of Slate, London, May 2, 1812. SIR — After closing^ the duplicate of my letter to you of tlie 2(Hh ult. I discovered the copy of the note of lord Cas- tlereagh to me of the 21st ult. had be£n left out by mistake. I take the liberty of now handing it to you. ».. .. JONATHAN RUSSELL. [Enclosed in the above.] The undersigned, his majesty's principal Secretarv of State for foreign affairs, is commanoed by his royal high- ness, the prince regent, to transmit to Mr. Russell, charge d'afi'airs of the government of the U. States of America, the enclosed copy of a Declaration accompanying an Order in Council which has been this day passed by his royal highness, the prince regent in Council. The undersigned is commanded by the prince regent to request that Mr. Russell, in making this communication to his government, will represent this measure as conceived in the true spirit of conciliation, and with a due regard, on the part of his royal highness, to the honor and interest of the U. States ; and the undersigned ventures to expresi bis confident hope, that this decisive proof of the amicable niSTORT OF TRB WAB. foa ^entimentf which animiile the couiicili of bit royal bi^- neM lowardM America, aiay acceleraUi ihe reiura of amity nnti mutual confidence between Greai-BriU^ and thiu United State*. The undeniig;ned avails himself of this opportunity to re- peHllo Mr. Uukiell the assumnctfR uf hit hi|rn roimiderHtion. CASTLLa£A(iH. Foreign Office, April 2\, 1812. i ORDKK IN CUCNCIL. At the Court at Carltun-Housc, the 'ilst day of April, IHl'i, present his royal highness the princo regent in Cuuiicil. Whereas the government of France has, by an official report, communicated by its minister of foreign affairs to the conservative Senate, on the 10th of March last, reniov- c(l all doubts as to the perseverence of that government in the assertion of principles, and in the muintainnnce of a system, not more hostile to the maritime rights and com- niercial interest of the British empire, than inconsistent with the rights and independence ot neutral nations, and has thereby plainly developel»ewhoIlvan^h antecedeiil to Mich repeal such ship or vemiel vhaii have cummeiiced and Hhall have been in the prosecution of a voyvi\^tt which, under the ^aid Orders in Council, or one of them, wouhl have subjected her to capture and condemnation ; and the claimant of nn\ ^>hip oi' car^o which hhuU be captured or broug^ht to adjudi- cation, on acconitt of any alleyfed breach of either of thr said Orders in Council, alany ttmesubitequent to such ati- ihentic act of repeal by the French government, shall with- out any further Order or Declaration on the part of lii» majesty's government on this subject, be at liberty to give in evidence iu the high Courts of Admiralty, or any Cunrt of Vice-Admiralty, before xvhich such ship or cargo shall be brought for adjudication, that such repeal by the French governmenl had been, by such authentic act, promulgated prior to such capture ; and upon proof thereof, the voyage shall be deemed and taken to have been as lawful as if tbe said Orders in Councd had never been made : saving, nev- ertheless, to the captors, such protection and indemnity as they may be equitably entitled to in the judgment of thi said Court, by reason of theii ignorance, of uncertainty as to the repeal of the French Decrees, or of the recognition ot such repeal by his majesty's government at the time of ^ucti capture. His royal highness, however deems it proper to declare, that should the repeal of the French Decrees, thus'auticiput- cd and provided for, prove afterwards to have been illuson on the part ofthc Ciieiny ; and should the restrictions there- of be still practically enforced, or revived by the enemy G. Britain will be compelled, however reluctantly, attei reasonable notice, to have recourse to such measures of le taliation as may then appear to be just and necessary. And the Right Honorable the lords conmiissioners oil his Majesty's treasury, his Majesty's |)rincipal Secretaiii* of state, the lords Commissioners of the Admiralt}', uiiti the Judges of the high Court of Admiralty, and th€!*Jud<;f> of the Courts of Vice- Admiralty, are to take the necessan measures therein as to thorn shall rosnectivelv appertain. CHtTWYND. nrsTonv op thr vtx'k. 100 Mr. Rnssell to ijotd CastlerMgh. Mv ^^ — ' *"*^*' ^^*^ honor to acknowh dtre the receipt t>«" the note which your lortlMliip uddrejiHe*! to in« on th** tjlst of this month, enclosinff, hy commaiHl of hi« royal highn#^», the prince wgent, a co|»y of a declaration accompanying^ at Order in Council which had this day lK?en pawed. It wo
n each other. They have m no in- stance departed from theubservance of that strict impnrlialty which their peaceful position required, and which ought to have secured to them the unmolested enjoyment of tlieir neutrality. To tljeir astonishment, however, they perceiv- ed that both these belligerent powers, under tlie pretence of annoying each other, adopted and put in practice new principles of retaliation, involving the destruction of tlio^e commercial and maritime rights which the U. States i*e- '^vA as essential and iiiscperable attributes of their inde- perMlencp Althonfj:li alive to ail the injnrv and ininstice of 1^ -^ff W i i ' h I 106 III.STORY OF THE WAR. I f i I « 1 H ! fi; i : \<.\ j'i ■1:1 this sysU'm, Ihe Amt^riraii (ruvrniiiuMit resorted to no men. ur<'s to oppose it,\%hirli were not of the nio»t pacitic ai.r itQ. parlial character in rel>ilion to both the a^;gre§sorM. hs re. inonsl ranees, it» fcKtriclioii» o( coniiMercial intercourse, and its overtures lor acroninioilation, were equally adtlressed to £nert"otiiied. Tlie coiidilioii pri'NeiitfMt to the I', i^loles ^jiH i oriiifti, -.iiid iheir pertormai»re reuttered »hM«lute tlif ri - ii "♦ the Decrees. So tar therefore, from Ih.s re- peiil dei lending u|Nin a condition in which G. Bniain could nol acquiesce, it became absolute, inde|>e«i(teiit of any act 01 G. Bnlaiu, the moment the act proposed for the perform- ance oi the U. States was accompliKiieii. Such was the coiiHtructiou i^iveii to this measure by the V. States from iht tirst ; and that it was a correct one has been sutficiently evinced by the subsequent practice. Several instances of the acquittal of American vessels and cargoes, to which the Decrees would have attached, if still in force agaiust the U. States, have from time to limf, l»een presented to his Britannic majesty's troveriiment. That tiu'se cases have been few, is to lie ascnl>ed to the few ca|>> tures, in consequence of this repeai, made by French cruiz- ers ; and should no other such case occur, it would be ow- ing to the efficacy of this repeal, and to the exact observ- ance of it, even by the most wanton and irregular of those cruizers. From the 1st of November, 1810, to the 20th of January of the present year, as appears by a note whM'h I had the honor to address to the predecessor of your lordship, on tiie 8th of February last, the Berlin and Milan Decrees had not been applied to American property, nor have 1 heard that such application has since been made. But against the authentic act of the French government of the 5th August, 1810, and the subsequent conduct of the government, mutually explaining each other, and conform>- ing the construction adopted by the V. States, a re port said to be communicated by tfto French minister of Foreign af- fairs to the eoiiserviUe senate, is op|)Osed. Without preten- ding to doubt the gemiineness of that report, although it has reached tlus country only in a newspaper, yet it i« to be lamented that as much form and evidence of authenticity have not been required, iu an act considered as furnishing cause for the contimiaiice of the Orders in Council, as an act »hicli by the very terms of these Orders challenged their revocation. — The act of the t>th of August, J 8 10, eiuaiiating froai the sovereign of FVancc, oilicially commu Bleated to the British government, and satisfactorily exi>ouiit: f' \ \ If 1 ' I M I *AJ 'Hi 1': i ' 10b lUVrOKY 1>»* 1411: %% AK. :.M II ^ !! 1 ill! i ll I, J )' ■ ! L ed nnd explained by the prftcticnl commenlft of more tlniij e(i;litecii nii>iitb.s, Im d«'iiied lo afl'ord coiivinciiii^ evidence ol die repeal of the French Dicree?*, while full |>rouf ot ilieir continuance \s interred (nun a report, w'mcIi, from its very nature, muNt contam the mere opinions and .specula* tiuiiH of a Miihject uhich im destitute of all authority until act- ed upon 1>\ the Ijudy to which it was presented, which has found its way hilht-r in no more aulheiitit sha(>e tliaii the columns of the rjonilcur, and f(»r the proper understuitd- ing of which not a moment has been allowed. — BiU evea vere the cau.^e thus assigited to the report just, it is Hlilldif« ficult to discover what initt^rence can l)e fairly deduced from it iiicompalibie with the previous declarations and cuodoct of the French governaient exemptuif the Uaited States from the operation ot its Decrees. The very exception in that report with regard to nations who do not sutler tbeir flag to i>e (ienationaiized, was undoubtedly made with re- tiertnce to ilie U. States, and with a view to reconcile tlie general tenor of thtt report with tlie good forth wilb which it became France to observe the conventional repeal of those DtM'rees in their favor. However novel may be the terms em;ii(Uu-t ut the Freiifh ^veritmetit niitce, been reroiiciled xv»th iiie repeal of llieM Dtxreei, sotar m tbuy concenied l\\e V' StsiteJk Had the Freni'Ii Decrecu ori^inall? afforded on adequate foiiiubtioii tor tbe Bi'iiiMh Urtler* iii Council, and been con* tiiiut'd after these reports, in full force, and extent, irarely, dnnng: a period in winch above a hundred Amtncan wes- seU and their carg-or» have Mien a prey to thene Orden, mmw one solitary instaKce of capture and confiNi'alion oMMt hii>e liap|>encd under those Decrees. That do sucb in- stance has hapYiened mcontrovertibly proven, either that (lio.se Decrees are of themselves liaruileHS, or that they hnvo been repealed ; and in either cme Ihey can afford noright- fiil plea or pretext for G. Britam,for thcNe measure* ot pre- tended retaliation, whose sole efteel is to lay waste the neiK tral commerce of America. Witli the remnant of those Decrees, which is still in force, and which comisIs of municipal regulations, contined in their operation within ttic proper ana undeniable jurist diction of the States where they are executed^ tlie V. States have no concern ; nor do they acknowledge th..m8elves to be under any political obligation^ either to exanomie into the «nds (proposed to be attained by this surviving portion of tbe continental system, or to oppose their accompUshuienl. Whatever may be intended to be done in regard to olbec naiioiisby thi&system, cannot be imputed to the U. State% nor aretlicy to be made responsible, while they religiou»l|r observe the obligations of their neutrality for the mode in which beUigerent nations may choose toexerci.se their pow- er, for the injury of each other. When, however, these n** tions exceed the just limits of tlieir power by the invasioH of the rights if peaceful states on the ocean which is sub- ject to the coimuon and equal jnrisdidfkNk of alt nations, tlie IT. States cannot remain indi^rent, and by quietly con- senting to yiekt up their share of thi» jurisdiction, abandon t^eir maritnne rights. — France has respected thexe hghtft by the discontimiance of her Edicts on the high seas^ leaving no part of these Edicts in o|>eration to tbe nijury of the U, States; and of course, no part in which they can be suj^posed to atcquiesce, or against which they can he re- «|uired to contend. They ask G. Britain, by a like respect l«! I '•i;.!i: II S i 1 \l '^ '-.I ' • ■ '■ I ' Mi' ii! i; ' \ ,1 w It i» ' t 110 HISTORY OF THE WAS. fur their righUi, to exempt them from the operation of her Orders in Council. Should such exemption involve (lie total practical extinction of these Orders, it will only prove that they were e;Lclusively applied to the commerce uf the U. Stales, and that they had not a single feature of rescm- bianre to the Decrees, against waich they are professed to retaliate. It is with patience and confidence that the Ignited States have expected (his exemption, and to which they belie\ed themselves entitled, by all those considerations of right and promise, which I have freely stated to your lordship. With whtit disappointment, therefore, mtist they learn that G. Britain, in professing to do away their disaffection, explicit- ly avows her intention to persevere in lier Ordei-s in Coun- cil, until some authentic act hereafter to be promulgated by the French government, shall 4eclarethe Berlin and Milan Decrees are expressly and unconditionally repealed. To obtain such aa act, can the United States interfere ? Would such an interference be compatible either with a sense of justice, or with what is due to their own dignity ? Can they be expected to falsify their repeated declarations of their satisfaction with the act of the 5th of August, 1810, con- Armed by abundant evidence of its subsequent observance, and by now affecting to doubt of the sufficiency of that act, to demand another, which in its form, its mode of publica- laon, and its import, shall accord with the requisitions of G. Britain ? And can it be supposed that the French govern- ment would listen to such a proposal made under such cir- cumstances, and with such a view ? - While, therefore, I can perceive no reason, in the report of the French minister, of the lOlh of March, to believe that the U. States erroneously assumed the repeal of the French Decrees, to be complete in relation to them ; while aware that the condition of which the Orders in Council is now distinctly made to depend, is the total repeal of both (lie Berlin and Milan Decrees, instead as formerly of the Berlin Decree only ; and while I feel that to ask the performance iof this condition from others, inconsistent with the honor of the U. Slates, and to perform it themselves beyond their power ; your lordship will permit me frankly to avow that I cannot accompany the communication to my government, <»f the declaration and Order in Council of the 21st of this oisTomr or thc war. Ill inoiitht with any felicilation on the prodpeci which this mea- sure pref«entH of an accelerated return of amity and muludl confidence between the two states. ^^ It IS with reul pain that 1 make to yonr lordship this a- vowal, and I will seek still to confide in thf spirit which yuur lordship in your note, and in the conversation of this morning, has been pleased to say actuates the councils of hiH royal highness in relation to America, and still to cher- ish a hope that the spirit will lead, upon a review of the whole ground, to measures of a nature lietter calculated to attain this object, and that this object will no longer be made to depend on the conduct of a third power, or contiiigenoies over which the U. States have no controul, but alone u^^on the rights of the U. States, the justice ofG. Britain, aiid the common interests of both. I have the honor to be, &c. JONATHAN RUSSELL, i Previous to the Declaration of War, Gen. Hull, with about two thousatid men, was ordered to proceed to De- troit. — The army arrived at the head of Lake Erie, about tile time war was declared ; and several officers, and la- dies, with the baggage of the General Officers, proceeded down the Lake for Detroit, in a gun vessel. The British received the news of the war before Gen. Hull, and sent a brig in pursuit of his baggage, which succeeded in caj/tur- iiig the vessel, and earned her into Maiden. — ^The British commander sent the jadies over to Detroit, in a flag of truce, which was the first intelligence they had received of the war. , Gen. Hull, afler concentrating his forces, at Detroit, crossed over the river to Sandwich, and issued the follow- ing ainifular and extraordinary Proclamation. . ^ BY WILLIAM HULL, Brigadier General and Commander of the North Western Army of the United iStates : A PROCLAMATION. Inhabitants of Canada ! Atter thirty years of peace and prosperity, the U. States have been driven to arms. The injuries and aggres^jr us, tke msulLs and indignities of G. Britain have once more left ; ' * » 1 ' ' mi Iff l: r li! , h !itl' ' ill •!■■ I., ll i^ "i l! k.i I. : ^1 If • !i ^ ii M! ■( JU lUflTOBY OF THC WAI?.. 4bem no altemiitive liut roanly re^isUnce, or uacoudilionM •dbmMstion. TKe army under my cocnaiand has invaded your country ; the standard of the Union now waven o\er the Itrrttory of Can da. To the fieaceable unoffietidingr in. habitant, it brin|;» neither danger nor diAicuity. I conie to find enemie*, not to make them. 1 come to protect, not to injure you. Separated by an immense ocean and an extensive wi). derness I'rom G. Britain, jon liave no partici|»Htion in her «ooiiciit ; no interest in her conduct. Vuu have felt berty. ranny ; }ou have seen her injuNtice. But 1 do not a«k yuu lo avenge the one, or to redress the other. The U. Stutei are sufficiently powerful lo aft' ird every security, consistent R'lth their rights and your expectations. 1 tender yon tlit invaluable blessing of civil, political, and religious liberiy, and their necessary result, individual and general prosper!. ty ; that liberty which gave decision tu our councils, and energy to our conduct in a struggle for mdependence, which conducted us safely and trtuniphantly thrrvuuh the stormy period of the revolution — that liberty which has nii<)> ed us to an elevKited rank among the nations of the world ; and which aiforded ns a greater measure of peace arwl .se- curity, of weftHh and improvement, than ever fell to tlie lot of any people. In the name of my country, and the riu> thonty of government, I promise you protection to your persons, property, and rights ; remain atyonr homes ; pursue your peaceful and customary avocations; raise not \uiir hands against your brethren. Many of your fathers fought for the freedom and independence we now enjoy. Beinjj childi'i?n therefore of the same family with us, and heirs to the same heritage, the arrival of an army of friends nnisl be haikd by you with a cordial welcome. —You will be emancipated from tyranny and oppre»»sion, and restored to the digntfied station of freedom. Had 1 any doubt oi eventual success, I might ask yonr assistance, but 1 do not. I come prepared for every contingency — I have a force which will break down all opposition, and that force is ui the van-guard of a much greater. — If, contrary to your own interest and the just expectations of my country, you should take part in the approaching contest, you will be coiisi the tide of an ludiaii wi.l lie taken prisoner— instant death wtll be his lot. If the dictates of reason* duty, iustice, and hu- manity, cannot prevent the employ meut, of a force which respects no rights, and knows no wrong, it will be prevents ed ')y a severe and relentless system of retaliation. I doubt not your courage and firmness— I wU not doubt your at- tachment to liberty. If you tender your services volunta- rily, they will be accepted readily. Tlie U. States otter you peace, liberty, aud security, i our choice lies between these and war, slavery aud destruction. — Chouse then ; but choose wisely ; and may He who knows the justice of uur cause,. and who holds in his hand the fate of nations, guide you to a result the most compatible with your rights aud iQl«rcsts,^ov»V peace and happiness. ', ; <..,,M , .., By the General,.;,,.^., ,/.,^,.;i .. .,,... 4 '*ii.- 'mI; "•;' v'iHi; , '.i { f. >/ "•• *• "^'^t t Captain ofUui V3ih UnUed States* regiment vj infantry, ., and Aid^-camp^ ^ Head-quarterst Sandwich, Jnly 12, 1812. , On the 10th of Jujy, Colonels Gass and Miller, aUempt* ed to surprise a British post, 300 strong, at a bridge about five miles from Maiden. — ^They were discovered by the British, and after a slight skirmish, the enemy retreated* leaving eleven men killed and wounded, on the field ; our troops returned to head-quarters, at Sandwich, and the British re-pasted themselves again, at the bridge. On the 19th and 24th there was considerable skirmishiDg, witk tr itl ill g success, on either side — our loss was six men killed and wounded — the British and Indians, lost sixteen killed^ and several wounded. Soon after General f lull had crossed from Detroit, into Canada, and had issued his Proclamation, the greater part of Ike militia of the neighboring country gave theiBselvte 15 f ' ' r ; lit { , It I irttrr^pY rtr Tirt WAH. \ii Mil i i I , i i i.i Ml ii ■ ' : i; Jl b/» to hi« ptr^t^mrr, <»f reltmwsV hi.m« f»«iic«il»ly, reMolvin^ te^ fttMhftncMifnil, Hi tll«G«ii. Hull, previoiH to liH le^viiii^ Detroit, hit he in^hn«d them ilifit ne wua i.ot IMtfhorif^^ft to acei*))!' theril, tvftd wished them to rHiiinin wj. lent il|>^t)itijfM, milt 'iio> ' ^ii|||*A^e «ii etiher Hide; but tlim Wsi"* not rtieif choice— thev immedml*'»y cn»h*'d over to MnWeh, wh^i^ lh#V ^Vrfe jifMM?|>l»'d, mid prtt mto nervier by llie Britivft: whWn nrcnimhiiK'e oonlribwted Inr^ely in f}yfr'ht*<>W Q^ii. Ilidl, m Wilt i>e Hten by ihe oAoiai aeeouiii <6t his tu^lltktiiiUl^l. ' **' '«•''''';« f.^Jilirid; hns: -nj vi^i ii ^m tliMtovered from the n^asttiend beaim^ E. hs &. or Ei S E. biit ut such a distiince we cmi^d in>t I**!! ; \fhHt xlie uas. Ail sail was instantly nimie- ill rhaHe, nini^Huoii found sie csm^ u|> iv ith her. At 5 Pi M. could pluiiily see that she \vaM a shi^ Oil tliie slurhinir^t tiirk^imder v.t»^ Nail^ elfMM\ un a t^Vhd ; at half pant 3 P. M. uinde her uut to he a* fi'igaie ; Goiitiiiueii the iAfiSft until Ate \%ere within al>Out three iniles, uh^nr I* ordered the ti&fht sails taken in, the courses haiiUd up, and the ship cleared i'ur action. At this time th cliiise liiidf bad>^d hi!t tTV]riVi-'«d})Aai!,>Vti(iti^i^bor ns to cume down. ^Ai«^on lis thr €otMtitnti<>n was r^ady fop aotioi^ i bore ^dwri Wi'th an iiitentyor. obrin^hiiti to elose action iinme* tKMcIv; but on oiireoinbrg witlitn giSii-shi\e um a 'bfiSiijds^de-r. and filed away^ and wore, ^^in^ us a broud- 'iWle ori' the lifliertacW, bat without eflR*cl ; her shot tailing ^ort. She cahtiriltfetl wearing and inaiio>vreing for abtait ^htt'e fjtihnersf of sin hoiiri to ^*^i a rakingf position, but %itdrttg^ ifhte'cottid' iitrt, she bore up, and run under ht^r tof)- «ail» and gib, with the wind on the quarter. Inmiediately made sail to bnns^ the ship up with her, and d minutes be> fore six, P. M. bein^ alon^rde within halt' pistol shot, we commenced a heavy fire from all our i*<*^* *^''" ^ |*MM «»• TUr tint «r:ii k.,)« ufi wtlb -titiiiiil wartnll^ iur lii i|iiumU:« l «U>uf«iUo Uie eiieiii>,«b(; kuri'cDiltsrviif aiiU hiiU iiul ««|MM' fiUfiiliM){r aiulhc-r liiitl, beluw ami alKive WHifir, ^ankMloreil, ihui f^: f( w «iiure bruii(lMi(k;.H niusl Iihvc cMTi«Mi jMirdow^. Ai-^i iut'QriiunK ^ouM)'Ou«;irnfr^,C9fn- niamiedby tti) able mtd cK|>ei'iciivcii ««lii«i'r« ^kMM:#) MhUJ' UiHinaMied, and uUiMnf'ive rui (A>^H*c«)K»'4iaiiAo lMllU^loiii, iiUhe HburVHpii<'^ qpiMliiiU «>!' Ijb(^ omct TK and «Uip\ con^mii v ti Imuur iu coimM'MMli it u 4^ r«;iuaiu», ihcrefoii«9, t'ur iii« U> aKKUff >^4im, tb)4 ^> f^^l' t'u tgiit with gf^aX biuver^ ; and A gfv^wAut: g»€t$t |4i9ftMur)U. b) sa^, tliat truiii ibe ^Mw^UeHt Ji>oy iin l4>^ ^i^i >li>llHi lUtiM seauMiii, uol a iook vf ^Viw ww* ttfonu Ttitiy #U W tl)«;)|0iWH-4(»Ai|e,:^,.,.-) ..I i.MU ...if i^ir U'. •n-jii •/,}'•;'.;• >'i /'••■•: -'■* v^ ,t.-t;.J3AAC:W^l^l<«-A f'oii ,.'h "(.)•» iw: 1 AW^'*''*^4JJI J*Qh8if;;) -finlJ htm .•Io-'R'jt Killed 7 — woHMUttdTv !'/.»• • /mj> l,-| ',i!| iiLt the G ed to dacivu'Qf i"tt|M2 ,iAmi(i«,AOfi t'/lbe 7tb f)f Jfanuasy:* /|^7, iwifl M»^ Or<- dei- in .C9«UM}il pt tb«>^ath of April, Itmil^. f)i»U WA^b^^l any fqrtber !Oi'd«r, btf, and 4lie ^ame af e < b«««rby i^«;(;|£w;qA from thencefortfi,^^ bie »«Ml;y^nd JiM«^§iy>mvj«k,§flf* .-n i . * Supposed to have gone overboard nilh the inaUi, l.f .!) rU 1^ ' ■ liiiiif 116 UlSTOmY OF THV WAB. 1^ CI I > ,...,;( ;,|: li '•■ ' H hMn ui And w hc r t M the ch%t^ d'nfffiin of the (T. State* 6f Americn, reHiilent fitthiN Court, Hul, on the 21 hi dav ot May laiit, tranamit to lord vinroiint Cantlereagh, one of hn ma- jea(y*i« principal lecretanet, a copy of n certain instrument, then fdr the ftmt time commontcaled to thiw Court, miqv tinip to lie a Decree |>awicd by the gpovcrnment otrraitce, on the 3Nth of April, I VII, by which the Dtrrem ot Berlin and Milan are declared to he detiiiitely iio longer in forc« ill re(^ard to American vea«ielN : And whereas his royal highness, the prince regfent, a|. though he cannot cunstder the tenor of said instrument as satisfyinfl; the conditions set forth in the said Order of the 21 St of April last, upon which the said Orders wert' to ccrho •nd determine, is nevertheles-s disposed, on his part, to take such measures as may tend to re-establish the intercourse between neutral and belligerent iiationN, upon its accustomed principles, his roval highness, the prince regent, ir. the name and on the behal* of his nijesty, is therefore plensed, by and With the acTrke of his majesty*! privy • ouncil, to order and declare, And (t in hertO} ordereit and declared, thai the Or- der in Council bearing date the 7th day of January* 1S07, and the Order in Council bearing date the 26th day of April, 1809. be revoked, so far as may regard Amencaa vessels and their cargoes, t>eing American property, from the 1st dny of August next. But whereas by certaiti acts of the government of the IT. StateN of America, all British armed vessels are exclud- td from the harbors and waters of the said U. States, the armed vessels of Prance being permitted to enter therein, and the commercial mtercourse between G Britain and the Said U. States is interdicted, the commercial intercourse l)elween France and the said U. States having been i-estor- td t his royal highness, the prince regent is pleased hereby further to declare, in the name and on the b^alf of his ma- jesty, that if the government of the said U. States shall not as soon as may m, after this order shall have been duly notified by his majesty's minister '.a America to the said government, revoke or cause to be revoked the said acts, this present Order shall in that case, after clear notice signi- 'fied by his majesty V minister in America, to the said gov- ernment, be thenceforth null and of no effect. .ikPh'. i^i l\J: J'. ij-UHvi't-j-: jif' \-\ y, Coniicil n!«nt', find wbit'h xhnll not Imvc hot'w actuiilly oofMifmuifvl hefort- the (late of lliii* Onler, ami ilntt ;ill sliipt mul rai-jfocJi n«tafore- Mid.that fihull henceioHh ♦>«* ca[»fnr#fi nndtr IIh* wild Or- ders prior to the Isl »|j»v ol A»!;usl n^Nt, Hlinll irot b** pro- ceeded against to r«>fidi'm"!«tioii. until further orderN, hut nhall, in the event of thu < M'drr luH luoinuiifi;' null and of no (ifert, in the case aforesnui, bt* forthwith hl)erflt»'d and re- sloral, snbject to Aiirh reaNonabte expeiireM on the p:irt of the caj>tor», as shall have been jnslly incurred. ■ Provided that nothiri*;: m the Order coiitaiiied re9|)eftin|r the revoratinii of the Orders herein mentioned, »hall be hiken to revive wholly, or in part, the Orders in Cou«ril uf tlie nib of November, 1807, or any other Order not herein mentioned, or to deprive parties of any lejfal renieily to which they may be entitled, under the Order in Council, of the 2 1st of April, 1812. His royal nighness, the prince regent is hereby pleased fortlier to declare, in the name and o:« the behalf of his ina« jesty, that tiothing in the present Order contained shall b€ understood to preclude his royal highness, the prince regent, if circamstaiices shall so require, from r*st«)ring, after rea- sonable notice, the Orders of the 7th uf January, 1807, and th 26th of April, 1809, or any part thereof, to their full effect, or from taking such other measures of retaliation against the enemy, as may appear to his royal highness to be just and necessary. ••^'*<* •-"*» '"'iJ »,i li . I I .. i' i' $ >.J. - ( d m: • [' i ' ni \'\ 118 msTomr of thb wak. ii»ts, about wJiich you may think proper to enquire, 1 am, very respecifuUy, &c. f. : V r , , WILLIAM HULL. )! v , „.j,, ,,.,, . DISPATCH. J'ort Gewge, August 26, 1812. !S]R — ^Inclosed are Ihe articles of capitulation, by whicb the Fort of Detroit has been surrendered to Major>Geiierat firix'k, commanding bis Britannic JMajetity's forces m Up- {>ei Canada, and by winch the troops have become prisoners ot war. My situation at present forbids me from detailing 4he particttiar causes which, have led to t^is unfortunul£ event. I will, however, generally observe, ihat after ibe surrender of Michiluiiackinac,aknast every tribe and nation of Indians, excepting a part ot the Miamiesaiid Delawares, north irom beyond Lake Superrar, west from beyond the ]V1 ississippi, south from the Ohio and Wabash, and east from every part oV Upper Canada, and from ail the Htteunediate coutiti'y, joined in o\Hin iiostiiity under the British standardf againtt the army 1 comoianded, contrary to the ipo^t (ioJeii)« nisTORT OF m wiou ll» ^urences of » iHr^e portion of then; to remain neutml ; fvfi) the OUiiwA CheifR froni Abercrulch, who foniMMl the delat^alion to Wa.shin^oti the last Nunimer, in whoae friend- ship I know you had i^eat confidenoe. are anionic the hos- lile tribes and several of them dinlinguishe^ lemderi. Amonu^ the vast number of chiefs who led the hostile bands, Tecumseh, Marplot, Lotran, Walk-ui tlie-waler, Splitrliii]^» kc. are considered the principals. This nuoierouN iiMM-m- blaG^e of savages, under the entire influence and direetion of the British commander,, enabled hiiu totally to obsinid the only communication which I had with my coii.itry. Thin communication had been opened from the st.'ttlements in the state of Ohio, two hundred miles tlirou{|rii a wiider- netts, by the fatigues of the army, which I marched to the frontier on the river Detroit. The body of the Lake be- ing commanded by the British armed shipsy and lite shores and rivers by fj^un-boats, ^>e army was totally deprived of all communication by water. On this extensive road tt depend- Cfi for trans|)ortation of provisions, military stores, medichtc, clothing* aud every other supply, on pack«lM>rses — all its operations were successful until its arri\al at Dt;troiky-^n a few days it passed into the enemy^s eowUry,. and ail opiH>- sition segued to- fall before it. One mor.th. it remained m possession of this country,, and was fed from its resources. Ill diflerent directions detachments penetrated sixty miles in the settled part of the province, and the inhabitants seenoi^ ed satisAed with tlie change of situation, whi< ^h appeared to> be taking place*~-the militia from Amltertsbiirg were daily deserting, and the whole country^ then, nnder the coutroit of the army, was asking for protectioiu The Indians gen- erally, in the iirsl instance,. appeared to be neutralized, and determined to take no patt in the contesL. The fort of Aniherstburgh Aas eighteen miles below my encampment. Not a- single cannon or mortar was on wheeiN suitable to carry before that place. I. consulted my otlicers whethen it was expedient to make an< attempt on it yi iU the bayonet alone, without cannon to make a breach in thr first instance.. The couneil I' called was of opinion it was not. — The greatest industry was exerted in making preparation, and it was not until the 7lh of August, that two 24-*)onnders, aud three howitzers wtre prejiared. It was then my intention to have proceeded on the eutej'prise.— - iii ^ ii: Hi '*■' M I y p.^ i % H .'if fj ^' I' 120 BISTORT or THE WAR. I ' ( 1 i( ■1 ■ il i '; i 1' 1 'i 1 'l J , J ii:, i . 1 :iH -• While the operatioiiH of the army were delayed by these pre|>ar>ftti o( Indians, and they Wf-re Hwarniin*> down in *-very directioii. KeiidurcementM t'rum Niaifum had arrived at Ainhf rstbiir^ Hiider the conimartd of Col. Prortor. The dt'sertion ot the uiihlia ceaHev water, I received information of a very tonsiderable force Milder the command of Major Chanit>ers, on the river L« French, wit!* four tield-pieces, and collecting the militia ua bis route, eTidently destined for Amher.Htbur^ ; and in nd- dition to this combination, and increase uf force, contrary l« all my expectatiohs, the W\a>.dots, Citi|t|»ewaN, Ottawas, Potawattamies, Mnnsees, Dehi wares, ^c. with whom 1 had the most tVieiully intercourse, at once passed over to Atu- herstburg-, and accepted the tomahawk and scalping' knife. There being now a vast number of Indians at the British post, they, were sent to the river Huron, BrownstowM, and j)|ffagua^o, to intercept my comnuinicution. To open this commamcatiun, 1 detached Major Yahhorn, of the iih>» Tolunteers, with two huitdred men to proceed as far as the river Raisin, under an expectation that he would ntiret Capt. Brush with' 150 volunteers from Ohio, and a quantUy uf |»ro- irision for the army. An ambuscade was formed at Bi'uwii9< town, and Major Vaiihorn's detiicliment defeated and re- turned to camp without etfectin» the objector the expedition. In my letter of the 7lh inst. you have the particulars of thai transaction, with areturn of the killed and woundfd. Under this sudden and unexpected change- of things, and having' received an express from Ge.ieral Hali, cununaiui- ki(^ opposite the. British shore on the P^iaj^ara river, by which it appeared that there was no prospect of any co-op- erution from that quarter, and the two senior officers of the artillery having' stated to mean opinion that it woulU ht extremely diflicult, if not impossible, to pass the Turkey river and river Anx>Caunard, with the 24 pou ders, and that they could not be transported by water, as the Queen Charlotte winch carried eiirhteen 24 pounders, la\ i.i I le river Detroit above the mouth of the river Aux-C;iiiiiar(i; and as it appeared indispensibly necessary to open the c » ii« .inuiHcation t(9 the river Uaisiu and the Miami, I toumi fliSTOBY OP TBX WAB. Itl ittV^cir compelled to suspend llie operation against Ani- Iit-rHll'iir^, and concenlrute Uie ntaiti force of the armv at Dtlroit. Fully iiUending^, at that time, after the cummn- iiic.ition was opened, to re-cros« the river, and pursue the object at AnjlR-r.>>tl>urg^, and strongly desirous of continuing jirutection to a very large number of the inhabitants of V\t\ni' Cjirjiida, who had voluntarily accepted it imder my };rcclamation, I established a fortress on the banks of the ruer, a liltle below D*'troil, c ilculated for a garrison of three hundred men. On ti;e evening of the 7tl), and morn- iiis o|| ..M'ar came nearly as far up the river as Sandwich, tlirci- ' miles below Detroit. At daylight on the IGtIi, (at whidi time I had received no information from Colonels M'ArlJnui and Cass, my exprtssei^ sent the evening before, and in the ' night, having been prevented from passing by numeroih *] bodies of Indians) the cannonade recommenced, and in a short time I received information, that the British aru)) and ,' Indians, were landing below the Spring wells, under tk cover of their .ships of war. At this time the whole cflPer. live force at my disposal at Detroit did not exceed eight . hundred men. Being new troops and unaccustomed to a camp life ; having performed a laborious march ; having , been in a number of battles and skirmishes, in which niariv ' had fallen, and more had received wounds, in addition Ic which a large number' being sick, and unprovided willi medicine, and the comforts necessary for their situation; \' are the general causes by which the strength of the arnu Was thus reduced. The fort at this time was tilled witii women, children, and the old and decrepit people of tlic lown and country j they were unsafe in the town, as it was entirely open and ex-posed to the enemy's batteries. Rack of the fort, above or below it, there was no safely for llieni on accaunt of the Indians. In the first instance, the enemy '» I fire was principally directed against our batteries; toward* the close, it was directed again.stthe fort aloHe, and almost every shot and shell had their effect. It now became necessary either to figlit the enemy in the field ; collect the whole force in the fort ; or propose ternl^ of capitulation. I could not have carried into the Held more than six huudied men, and left any adequate force in HISTORY OF THE WAR. 1'2.) [he fort. I'lirre were lfin(!«»tl at Uiat linio of Uie cnciny'a rt'- :.i!ar force uf tiiiicb niv)rt'tlian that number, aini Iwico lliat j ritnluruf Indians. CunsUlerin*;' thiit great inequality ot' 1 1,1, 1 (lid not think it expedient to adopt the fn^l mcoAurc. 1 lie second must have been attended with a jjrealjiacrlficc ; <,t o!>oil, and no possible advanta^re, because the contest , Liiki nut have been sustained mure than a dav for ihp " w.ul »»f powder, and but a very few days for tho want of,, prD'isioiib. In addition to tins. Cols. M*Arlhur and Cass ', uoiiid ijuve been in a most hazardous situation. I feared | iiolliiiig bnl iLo last alternative. I have dared to adopt it — ^ I well know the iiigh responsibility of liic measure, and I . tik« Hie whole of it on myself. It was dictated by a sensii ot duty, and a full conviclion of its expediency. li*\ic Inmdsof savages which had then joined the BritisU forces . wire nunierons beyond any former example. Their num->i berij have since increased, and the htstory of the barbarians ottlie north of Europe does not furitish examples of more-, ji^reedy violence than these savages have exhibited. A lii'!^e portion of the brave and gallant officers and men I . commanded would cheerfully have contested until the last, cartridge had been ex\)euded, and the bayonets worn to the sockets. I could nut consent to the useless sacrifice of such ^ brave men, when ] knew it was impossible for me to sus- tain my situation. It was impossible in tlie nature of things that an army could ha/e been furnished with the necessary supplies of provision, military stores, clothing, and comfortj tor the sick, on pack horses, through a wilderness of two hundred miles, filled with hostile savages. It was impos- sible, sir, that this little army, worn down by fatigue, by, sickness, by wounds and deaths, could have supported it-, self not only against the collected force of all the northern nations of Indians, but against the united strength of Upi)er Caitada, whose population consists of more than twenty times the number contained in the territory of Michigan, aided by the principal part of the regular forces of the pro- vince, and the wealth and influence of the North-West, and other trading establishments among the Iiidians, which have in their employment, and under their entire control, Hiore than two*thousand white men. " "':.'' Before I close this despatch it is a duty I owe my res- pec table associates in command, Colonels M* Arthur, Fiucl- l n ll ! I I U\ J I :(h U !l ■ t M li Hi I : I 1 1;! ;i24 IllSTORY OF TU£ WAR. T|{ ley, Caiw, and lieut Col. Miller, to express my ol)li|f ilio.ij to them for the |)roni|it uiid juiliciuus iiiuniicT in which lliey have |)erfomied their respective duties, ll aiiojit haslaktn place during the campaijj;ii which is honorable to the army, these officers are entitled to a large hhure of it. If the Inst uct should be disapproved, no part of the ceitsiue belongs to thf;in. I have likewise to express my obligation to Gen. Taylor, who has performed the duty of quailer-niasler- General, for his great exertions in procuring every thing in his department which it was possible to furnish for the cuit- venience of the army; likewise to brigade-miijoi* Jtssup for the correct and punctual manner in which he has dis- charged his duty ; and to the army generally for tlieir e\. ertion, and the zeal they have manifested for the public iii. terest. Xhc death of Dr. P'oster, soon after he arrived at Detroit, was a severe misfortune to the army j it was in- creased by the capture of the Chachaga packet, by which the medicine and the hospital stores were lost. He was commencing the best arrangements in the department uV ■which he was the principal, with the very small means ■which he possessed. I was likewise deprived of the ne- cessary services of Capt. Partridge, by sickness, the only officer of the corps of engineers attached to the army. All the officers and men have cone to their respective homes, excepting the 4tl) U. Stated regiment, and a small part ot the first, and Capt. Dyson's company of artillery. Capt. Dyson's company was left at Amherstburg, and the others aie with me prisoners — they amount to about 340. I have only to solicit an investigation of my conduct, as early as my situation, and the state of things will admit ; and to add th6 iiirther request, that the government will not be un- mindful of my associates in captivity, and of the families of thpse brave men who have fallen in the contest. I have the honor to be, &c. "'•^''•" 'I- W. HULL, ; '' [enclosed in the preceding dispatch.] ' ; * V //Sandwich, August?, 1812. SIR— On the 4lh insl. Major Vanhorn, of Col. Findley's regiment of Ohio volunteers, was detached from this army, with the command of 200 men, principally riflemen, to pro. peed to the river Maisin, and further, if uecesgary, to me^l UISTOBY OP THE WAR. i:« .mil rcluforct; Capl. Bnisli, of tl»e stale of Ohio, commnnd- iiig a fonnmiiy of voluiiUers, aiul eHCoiimg provHionn for this itrniy. At Bruwii!>lu\vii u larg^e boily of IndianH had ti»rui»itl an ambuscade, ami the Major's detachnu'nl received a tuavy Hre, at the distance of tifty yards from the cii< my. The whole detachment retreated in disorder. Major Vaii- honi made every exertion to form, and prevent the retreat, that was possible for a brave and <^allanlot)icer, but without success. By the return of killed and wounded, it will be perceived that the loss of officei's was uncommonly great. Their ed'orts to rally theircompanies was Ihe occasion of it. I am, very respectfully, yours, &c. WILLIAM HULL. Killed, in Major Vanhorn's defeat — 4 Captams — 1 Lieu- tenant — 2 Ensigns — iO privates — total 17. [enclosed in the preceding dispatch.] Detroit, lath August, 1!S12. SIR — The main body of the army having re-crossed the fiver at Detroit, on the night and morning of the Sth, uist. six iiundred men were immediately detached under the com- mand of Lieut. Col. Miller, to open the communication to the river Raisin, and protect the provisions, which were under the escort of Capt. Brush. This detachment consist- ed of the 4th U. States regiment, and two small detachments under the command of Lieut. Stansbury and Ensign M'Labe of the 1st regiment; detachments from the Ohio and Michigan volunteers, a corps of artillerists, with one gix-pounder and an howitzer under the conimund of Lieut. Eastman, and a part of Captains Smith and Sloan's Cavalry, commanded by Capt. Sloan of the Olsio volunteers. Lieut. Col. Miller marched from Detroit on the afternoon of th« 8th instant, and on the 9th, about four o'clock p. m. the van guard, commarided by Capt. Snelling of the 4lh U. States' regiment, was tired on by an extensive line of Bri- tish troops and Indians at the lower part of the Maguago about fourteen miles from Detroit. At this time the main body was marching in two columns, and Capt. Snelling maintained his position in a most gallant manner, under a very heavy fire, until the line was formed and advanced t«> the ground he occupied, when the whole, excepting the rerM fl^uard, was brought into action. !i iU {' Ji ■w i V V''* i '' k\ 1 . 1 ,l : J P, M''\ :%, '. i 1 J y'i ifil u i ■ 126 HJhTOaY or THZ WAR. i ! 1 '! ''' 1 IM-I I ' I i i !i J 'I'll 1,1. The enemy were formed behind a temporary breast work of iof(8, the Indians exteiidin^f in a thick wood on their left. Lt. Cul. Miller ordered his whole line to advance, and when within a small distance of the enemy, made n general discharge, and proceeded with charged bayonets, wnen the British line and Indians commenced a retreat. They were pursued in a most vigorous manner about two milcii, and the pursuit discontinued only un account of the fatigue of the troops, the approach of evening, and the necessity of re- turning to take care of the wounded. The jud<<'ious ar- mngements made by Lt. Col. Miller, and the gai. t man* ner in which they were executed, justly entitle buu to the highest honor. From the moment the line commenced the {we, it continually moved on, and the enomy maintained their position until forced at the point of the bayonet. The Indians on the left, commanded by Tecumseh, fought with great obstinacy, but were continually forced and compelled to retreat. The victory was complete in every part of the line, and the success would have been more brilliant had the cavalry charged the enemy on the retreat, when a most favorable opportunity presented. Although orders were given for the purpose, unfortunately they were not execut- ed. Majors Vanhorn and Morrison, of the Ohio volunteers, "were associated with Lt. Col. Miller, as field officers in Ibis command, and were highly distinguished by their exertions in forming tlifi line, and the firm and intrepid manner they led their respective commands into action. Capt. Baker, of the 1st. Capt. Brevort, of the 2d. and Capt. Hull, of the 13jth, my aid-de-camp, and Lieut. Whist- ler, of the 1st Regt. U. b. Infantry, requested permission to join the detachment, as volunteers. Lieut. Col. Miller as- signed commands to Capt. Baker and Lieut. Whistler ; and Capts. Brevort and Hull, at his request, attended his person and aided him in the general aiTangements. Lieut. Colonel Miller has mentioned the conduct of these officers in terms of high approbation. In addition to the captains who have been named, Lt. Col. Miller has mentioned Capts. Burton and Fuller, of the 4th Regt. Capts. Saunders and Brown, of the Ohio Volunteei"s, and Capt. Delandre, of the Michigan Volunteers, who were attached to his command — anddisj- tingui'>hed by their valor. It is impossible for me, in this f 'ommuuicatiou to do justice to the officers and soldiers, who mSTOEY OW TRB WAB. 127 gained the victory whicli I hate described. Thty Imve ac- quired hifrH honor to themselfet and are justly entitled t« the gratitude of their country. Major Muir, of the 41st Kegt. commande.^ the British in lliis action. Their regulars and volunteer consisted of about 400, and a large number of Indians. Major Muir, -.uul two subalternR were wounded, one of ihcni since dead. The militia and volunteers attached to his comniantl, were ill the severest part of the action, and their loss must have been great — it has not yet been ascertained. I have the honor to lie. Sec. VVM. HULL. AMF.RICAN LOSS. ;, Killed 1&— Wounded 57. BRITISH LOSS. ' ' Killed 51 — Wounded 05 — Prisoners 4. GENERAL OR EUS. II. Q. Deiruit, Aug. 16, 1812. It is with pain and anxiety that Brigadier General Hull announces to the North-AY ester n army, that he has been fompelled from a sense of duty, to agree to the followmg articles of capitulation. Camp DetrmU Aug. 10, 1812. Capitulation of surrendering fort Detroit, entered into between Mnjor-General Brock, commaiidmg his Britannic majesty's forces, of the one part, and Brig. General Hull, commanding the North- Western army ol the U. States, of the other part : Article 1st. Fort Detroit with all the troops, regulars as well as militia, will be immediately surrendered to the Bri- tish forces under command of Major-General Brock, and will be considered as prisoners of war, with the exception of such ef the Militia of the Michigan territory, who have not joined the army. Article 2d. All public stores, arms, and public docu- ments, including every thing else of a public nature, will be immediately given up. Article 3d. Private persons and private property of every description will be respected. Article 4th. His excellency Brig. General Hull, having expressed a desire that a detachment from the state of Ohio, on its way to join the army, as well as one srnt from fori 'ii r' ! w m i!',:i; <<<■!■ !v ' t I •il, I' ! :'!r included in llie nt)ove fitipulation, it is acordingly ajjrcrtl to. It is, huwever, to l>e iindf^rstood, that such |mrl» of tlin Ohio miiitia as have not joined the army, uill be permitUd to return home on condition that thry will not nerve diiririu tlie v%ar — their arran, however, will he delivered up if Ijc- lon^iii^ to the miblic. Article 5lh. The garrison will march out at the hour ol 12 o'clock this day, and tlie British forces will take iniiiu- diate poKsession of the fort. J. M'DOWEULt. Col. Militia B. A. D. C. I. B. CiR£(iG, Major A. D. C. (Anprovtd) WILLIAIM HULL, Briff. Gen. JAMES MILLER, Ll. CI. .0th V. S. Iiifautry. E. BRUSH, Col. Isl. Rejrt Michignn Militia. (Approved) ISAAC BROCK. Maj. Gen. The army at 12 o^clock thi» day will march outoftiM; east g-ate^ v\nere they will stack their arms, and will bellten subject to the articles of capitulation. WILLLVM HULL, Brig. Gen. Colonel Cass to the Secretary of War. Washington, Sept. 10, 18K', SIR — Having been ordered on to this place by Col M'Arthur, for the purp'v^ of communicating to the govern- ment par! iculars respecting the expedition lately command- ed by Brig. General Hull, and its disastrous result, as might enable them correctly to appreciate the conduct of the officers and men ; and todevelope the causes which pro- duced so foul a stuiti upon the national character, I have the hon6r to submit for your consideration, the following statement. When the forces landed in Canada, they landed v! ifh an ardent zeal and stimulated with the hope of conquest. ISu enem} appeared w.lhiu view of us, and had an immediate and vigorous attack been made upon Maiden, it womIiI doubtless have fallen an easy victory. I know Ci en. Hull afterwards declared he rej^retted this attack had not hetii made, and he had every reason to believe success would have crowned his elforts. The reason given for delayiii<,' our operatioos was to mount our heavy cannon, anil to af- ford to the Canadian militia time and opportuiiity to qnit -^ HISTORY or THE W IkM, )'49 > 1 III an ul>uo\iou. • helieve all Ihtf hcanr rvill tt-U ifoii. B^luve it, IwH'^cf, it may Gstonvih *ii, us niuvh as r/ it Jtiut hei ntoiti yon At/ «/)(/ o/'t/.v. M'fn a c ..i n t /i, t'jr talhvil oj htf the I he hearerfvilljilitht t'lioanry.* The douhlfiil faieot'thiK letter rciideretl it necrs.Nurv \t UHt* rii('UU)Nt><'Cliuh in its detniU^ niid tlieiet'ore tlicsf hiiUikit won; IcCt. The word * f*:i}MtiilKtioir \% ill fill the t.nt. uiid * conimiiiidiiiL'' t^t'nerat' the uther. As iin t:neiiiy ^^ .tk near UH, and an lh» sui^eriority of our force wun irtaitiieNt. mc couhl Nee no necessity tor eapitnluttn^^, nor itny })ro| nely in nlliidin^to it. We therefore •it-itirnnned in the iasi r<. soil to ifcur the resionsihility of diverting' the (lencrui o( hiM command. Thi.n I'l-.ui wun eveni.uuliy prevented l>y two oilhe cominnudiiiir otiScers of regiments being urdend upon detachments. -< • ; , .. On the 13lh ihc British took a position opposite to De- troit, iiiul hei^an lo ihrow up works. Dnruig- thai and the two foilowini;' days. Iher pursued iheir onject without in- terruption, and estuhlished a battery tor two 18 poundciit and an 8 inch howil/er. About sunset oo the aveiiin^ of the 14th, a detachmonlof ;>^() men from the regiments com- manded by C(d. M'Arthiir and myself, was ordered to march to the river Kaisin, to escort the provisions, which had some lime remained there protected by a party undei the command of Capt Brush. On Saturday, the loth about 1 o'clock, a flag^ of truce arrived from Sandwich, bearint^ a summons from General Brock for the surrender of the town and fori of Detroit stating he could no longer restrain the fury of the savnge.s. To this an immediate and spirited refusal was returned. About four o'clock Uieir batteries began to play upon the town. The fire was returned and continued without inter- ruption and with little eti'ect tiU darL Their shells were tlirown till eleven o'clock. ' j.;. At day-light the firing on both sides re-commenced about the same time the enemy began to land troops nl the Spring wells, three miles below Detroit, protected by two of their armed vessels. Between G and 7 o'clock they had effected their landing, and immediately took up theii line of march. They moved in close column of platoonb.. twelve in front, upon the bank of the river. - .« r' HISTORY OF THE WAR. laj Tlic t'iMirih rri{ini«*iit uaM M<>itio;ir(| iti tlie fofl ; \hf Ohio .olUiiU-t'i'MiiicI u |»url ot'the i^lirli>i;;.Mi iiiikiliii, Iteliiiui somti iiirk(^l>*. Ill a Mttiiiitiua iii wlmii ll>«- wliolellank ot' llit) t'lii'- iDV Moiiul have heeii c\|MmtM|. The I'tKidiif ul iht- Mirhi- >ruii iniiiliu were in the ii|)|>tr pari «)f iht'lowii io n'liiKl liie iiicursiuiiH of I'r; Kn\a^(*H. T*vo ..'4 )K»uii(ierh, luadcMl v\itli irra|)c' shot, weri; |M>Mlet) uii a roiniiiaiuiiit;^ cntiiifiK'i-, rtady tu sweeji the aiivaiieiti^ cotuniii. Im this KiUialioii Uic a>ii> uerioi ily ufoiir poNitiuii w IS a|>|)ar(Mit, aiicl our troo|«M, in tliecagvr eX|)ectutioH of victorv, u>v;ule(l the approacli ut' the enemy. Not a discoiiteiit broke iijion the cur ; not u look of cowardice nM!t the eve. Kvery man expected a proud da) for hi8 coutilrv, and cHrh whm anxiou.t that hi.s iiidr.idual exertion shouhl conirduiie to tiie general result. VV^hen the head or their cohnnn arrived Nvithin about. tive hundred yards of our hue, orderw \vt:re rctetved from Gt'ii. Uuil for the whole to retreat to die iort, and for the Ul pounders not to o|)en upon the enemy* One uuiver- sd burst of indignation wus apparent upon the ret.eipt of this order. Tiiose, whose convicltoti was the dehherate iTsiittofa disp;.'ssioiittte examination of passing' events, saw the folly and impropriety of crowding 1100 men into a lit- tle work, which 300 men could fully man, and into wbich the shot and shells of the enemy were falling. The fort w'M in this manner tilled.; the men were diiecied to stack their arms, and scarcely was an opportunity afforded of moving. Shortly after, a white flag was hung out upon the walls. A V ttish olUcer rode up to enquire the cause. A commuii. cation passed between the commanding Generals, whicii ended in the capitulation submitted to you. In en- tering into this capitulation, the General took counsel from his own feelings only. Not an oflicer was consulted. Not one anticipated a surrender, till he saw the while flag dis- played. Even the women were indignant at so siiameful a degradation of the American character, and all felt as the\ should have felt, but Vie who held in his hands the reins of authority. Our morning report had that morning made our eft'ec- tive men present, fit for duty 10()0, without including the detachment before alluded to, and without including «i09 fit" tbe Michigan militia on duty . I n> ^ \ 1 I J '. ^kl l^- ■; t jl ti i L Is'' I ft ' I (I >l ;> !. 1 132 HWTOIIY or TlIE WAR. Abonldark on Saturday everiinqj the detachment senl to escort the provisions, received orders from (ien. Hull to re- turn with ns much expedition as possible. About ten o'clock the next day Ihey arrived williin sii^ht ot Detroit, Hiul a tiring been heard, or any resistance visible, they nvouid have immediately advanced and att;M'ked the rear of the enemy. The situation in which this detachment "was placed, althon(>;h the result of accident, was the best tor annoying the enemy and cutting' oti" his retreat that could have been selected. With his raw troops enclosed between two fires, and no hopes of succor, it is hazarding little to say, that very few would have escaped. I have been informed by Col. Findley, who saw the re- turn of their quarter-ma.ster General the day aft " the sur- render, that Ihcir whole force of every description, while, red, and black, was 1030. They had twenty-nine platooiis, twelve in a platoon, of men dressed in uniform. Many ot these were evidently Canadian militia. The rest of the militia increaseliBieut<4 to Majur-Giiieral Brock, con I in audi no: his Britannic inujfialy*9 forces, nhiU and red in Uppeir Canada. Colonel Synunes, observing, that l>y the 4th artirle of the rnpitulation of (^ort Detroit to Major-General Urock, all public arms niovin|j towards Fort Detroit, are to be deliv- ered np, but aa no place of dep'>!iit is pointed out liy the capit- HJation, J'orif/ Ifionsand stand of arms coming within the description, arc at the service of Major-Cieneral Brock, if hiii excellency H'ill condescend to come and tukv tluniL TRIAL OF GENERAL HULL. Adit' and Inspt. (ren. Office, Washington, AprU 25, 1814, GENERAL ORDER. The proceeding of the court martial, in the case of Wm. Hull, brigadeir- genera! in the army of the U. Stales, hav- ing been subipitted to the President jf the U. Slates, and having been approved by him, the following extract there- from is ordered to be read at the head of each regiment of the army, and to be published in the National lutelligencer of this city. By order, (Signed; J. B. WALBACH, A djl. General. \ At a general court martial (ordered by the President of ihc U. States) convened at Albany, in the state of N. York, on the 3d day of January, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, and continued by adjournments, to ihe twenty- fifth day of March following, brigadier-General Wm. Hull, of the army of the U. States, was tried on the following charges and specifications, viz : Charge I. — Charged Gen. Hull with treason against the II. States, between the 9th of April and 17th, of August^. one thousand eight hundred and twelve. Specijication Jirst. — Charged Gen. Hull wiUi hiring an. nnarnied vessel, to convey his baggnge, and papers, witU the Declaration of War, his muster rolls, and instructions from the Secretary of War; fiom the Miami of the Lake to Detroit, for tlie purpose of falling into the hands of the Bri- tisii, which they captured the same day. with ail on board ; and of holding traitorous correspondence with the enemy on the first day of July, \^V2, while at tbe said Miajoai «? the Lake, \ % i'-b n i'lm i 'if ; ; ;!!'■'• ^^if i i 1 : it! 1,' I 130 HISTORY OP rUK \YAli, t-i Specification second. — Charged Gen. Hull, of unuHic like and traitorous conduc!t, in neglecting; to march Ins whole army, after he arrived at Sandwich, and tak.«, or attempt to take fort Maiden ; and finally in connpiriug wilii our enemies to quit and al)aii(lon the Province of ITpper Canada on the 8th day of Aii^rust ; and of again holdini; correspondence with our enemies, and causing the army to recross the river to Detroit. Specification third. — Cliurged Gen. Hall of Iraitoronsit conspiring and shamefully surrendering tbtt Detroit, witji all the troops public stores, nrms^ and public Documents, on the loth day of August, 1812, to the British forces. Charge I L — ('harged Gen. Hull with cowardice, at and in the neighbourhood of Detroit between the 1st o! .July, and the 17th of August, 1812. u v\V V u , . Specification Jirst. — Charged Gen. Hull with misbehav- iour before the enemy, and shamefully manifesting an tmdue fear and apprehension ct" danger by a course of conduct and conversation evincing personal alarm, agitation of mind, and privation of judgment by hastily abandcnino- their territory, without any just or suflicient cause whatever. Specif cation second. — Ciiarged Gen. Hull on the 15lh of August with personal misbehaviour and fear before the en- cmv» after they had commenced their cannonade on De- troit, by a course of conduct, and particularly by various timid and cowardly actions and expressions used and uttered iu the presence of the army, as well in the public street of Detroit, as in posts and batteries near tlu reto. Specification third. — Charged Gen. Hull on the 15lli of August, with personal fear and ''owardice, by avoiding all personal danger, or makint^ an attempt, to prevent the en- emy's crossing the river, or to prevent their landing by avoiding all personal danger, from reconnoitering or ciu countering the enemy on their march towards fort Detroit, and by hastily sending flags of truce to the enemy with overtures for capitulation ; by anxiously withdrawing his person from the American troops to a place of saftHy ; by forbidding the artillery to tire on the rncmy ; by calling in thetroops, and crowdir.g them into thefoi t ; by a precipitate declaration to the enemy that he surrendered, beibre terms of capitulation were signed, considered, or even suggested. Specif cation fourth. — Charged (en. Hull, with shame- HISTORY OP THE WAB. 137 tiillv and cowardly (iiirrrnd< ring n fine nnny» in lii|;h spiriU, \u!l Mi|>))lie'l with ainmiinilinn, anus, and proviHiuhs, l>y a Jis<>rnr(;l'ul (upiUtlalion witli the enemy. containin|r no slip* iilalior< tor the seciirity and protection of such of tiie inhab- itants of ITpptr Canada, as had j<>ined the American slan- (l;»i-d ; wliereby the territorial sove^ei^:^ty, righUi, and prop- erlv, were Hhamefnily ceded to the enemy ; a brave and nalViolic army wantonly sacriticed to the personal fear of the conuiir.ndcr, and the service of the LJ. States suft'ered a Treat and aillicting losA. Cii^RGB III — Charged Gen. Hull with neglect of duty :uui nnofficerlike connuet, while commanding a separate army, between the 9lh of April, and the 17th of August, 18 1 i Specification First — Charged Gen. Hull with unoflficer- like conduct, in neglecting and omitting to train, insp<3Ct, exeicise, and order, the army under his command, where- by the army W!>s exposed, to the hazard of disorder and de- teat, in the event of an attack being made thereon by the onemy. Specification Second — Charged Gen. Hull w'lh neglect of duty and unotficerlike conduct, by hiring, or causing to be hired, an unatuied vessel to convey his baggage and pa- pers, with his sick .soldiers, and medicine .stores, to Detroit, from the Miami of the Lake, on which pa.ssage the vessel, and all on board fell into the hands of the enemy, inform* iniT him of the declaration of war, and the number, stale, and condition of the army, to the great injury of the U. Slates. Specification Third — Charged Gen. Hull with neglect of dnly m neglecting to repair fort Detroit, and its arma- ment, on his arrival, in such a maimer as to be able to repel, and put to Bight an enemy, in the event of an invasion and allack. Specification Fourth — Charged Gen. Hull, with declai- ing' and avowing an intention to invade the British province, and to invest and attack fort Maiden, in the said pre 'ince, and having taken possession of Sandwich, was guilty of iielmunication between fort Detroit, and a military post at the river Raisin, which enabled the enemy totally to interrupt, and cut oB'all coin- municaliouR between said military posts, to the great dis> advantage of the U. Slates service. Speeijication Sixth — Charged Gen. Hull, with neglect of duty, in neglecting and omitting to maintain a bridj^e over the river Aux-'Cannard, which afforded a fair oppor- tunity for investing, and attarkirig fort Maiden, whereby a prospect of a successful investment and attack upon the fort speedily vanished. Specification Seventh — Charged Gen. Hull, with neglect of duly in not erecting batteries at the spring Wells, or pre- venting the enemy from erecting them on the opposite side of the river, whereby tl>ey were enabled to annoy fort De- troit, and to protect their army across the river, and enabled them to attack fort Detroit without opposition or loss, and to approach the said fort Detroit with the air and confidence of triumph. A.J. DALLAS, Judge Advocate. January f , 1814. — The court met at the capilol pursuant to adjournment. J»RESENr — x4ll the members. General Hull havintj/ appear sd, the charges and specijicaiiom were reid to him ly thejttdf/e advocate, and being asked if he was ready to plead to tliem, answered that lie waSj ami that he pleaded not guilty to all the charges and specijica' lions. ' March 25, 1814. All the evidence being read, (whether on the part of the (prosecution or the defence,) applicable to the first charge, and the s^iecifications attached to that charge, and after due deliberation had thereon, the court express the followinj; opinion : HISTORY ot riii: wau. 130 The iicctisrd Jiaviv'i^ in \i\n Hnnl niruiiiiit the juri.silictiou o( tlie roiui to eeii pletuled ()V the accUM.'d on ins airaigiiineiit ; and btilievinti^ also, that till' conrl caiinut acquire junsditiiou of.tlie oH'ence by the \\A\er ur co ,iseut uf iiie accused, ihey decbne Diakin^ any turiiial decision Jiithat'Cbar^e. The evidence on Lhe sub- ject havin^if, however, been ^)ubhciy given, tlie court deem it proper, hi justice to the atrcused, to lay, that they do not believe from any Ihin^ that has appeared before them, that brigadier-general William Hull iias £uimuitbeud tceasou against the U. StateH. On the second charge, and the specifications atltached te that charge, (after .hearing all the evidence and defence, and iiftcr due deliberation thereon,) the court find briga- dier-general William Hull guilty of the Jirst, second and fourth specifications under that charge ; and also guilty of the third specification under that charge, except that paii \vhich charges the s$iid brtgadier-geiieral William Hull will) ** forbidding the American ar.tillery to fire on the enemy on their miH'Ch towards the said fort Detroit/' The courtiind the said brigadier-general William Hull guilty of the second charge. Qn the third charge, the court after having heard the evidence, (as well as the defence^ and after due delibera* tion, find the said brigadier-gtfiieral William Hull guilty of neglect of duty, and unofiicer-like conduct, as charged in the first jipecificatipn under this charge, in omitting, with sufficient c^.re and frequency, to inspect, train, exercise, and order, and to cause to be trained, inspected, exercised and ordered the troops under his command, from the b'xth day of July, until the seventeenth day of August, 1812: and acquit him of the residue of Uie charge contained in that gpecificatiofi. The court acquit the said brigadier-general William Hull of the second and third specifications of the same charge. The court find the said brigadier-general William Hull guilty of the whole of the fourth specification of that charge, except that part which charges him with not seasonably re- pairing, fitting, and transporting, or cau:>ing to be fitted, re- \ ■ Iff* ■ ■ ■I' 1 (ih^l *['■ i ! • ■ I Hi liif 1 I ''t'.i is P 140 HISTORY Of TUK MAR. pnired, nnil transported, llie ptnis and gi\ri-cnrriajif« s wliith were necessary to the operaliuiis ot the Mur in the suul British province ot* Upper CunHdn. The court tind the Mtiid l>ri^^ndier-|[roneral Williuni HjII gudty ufso nnich of the fit'tli Npccitication to that chari>;e a.s relates to neglect of duty nnd unoHicer-like condnci, ut suH'erin^ his coiiununication with the river Kaisni and the slate ot Ohio, to be cut off, and henduig; major Van lluru to attempt to open the same with an adequate force ; lie the SHid brigadier-geneiml William Hull, having reason to know or believe the same was in&iulHcient ; and the court acquit him of the residue of that specification. The court find the said brigadier-general William Hull guiity of the sixth and seventh specifications of tir.tt charge, The court find the said brigadier general William Hull guilty of the third charge. The court then adjourned to meet to-morrow morning :;i 10 o'clock. I . :- . " • . * > March 2G,iS\4 The court met pursuant to adjournment. PRESENT — All the members. The court, in consequence of their determination respec- ting the second and third charges, and the specifications under these charges, exhibited against the said brigadier- general William Hull, and after due consideration, do sentence htm to be shot to deaths two tliirds of the court coijcurring in the sentence. The court, in consideration of brigadier-general Hull's revolutionary services, and his advanced age, earnestly re- commend him to the mercy of the President of the U Stales. The court then adjourned to meet on Monday morning next, at 10 o'clock i¥arc/t 28, 1814. — The court met pursuant to adjourn- men.t — pkksen i — Ail the mfmbera. The proceedings having been read over, and approved and signed by the President, the court then adjourned, sine die. H . DE A K BOEN. President of the court. M. V. IWIX^^, special judye adxGcale. PHILIPS PARKER, Anny judge advocate, assistant. April 2o, 1814 — The sentence of the Court is approved^ and the execution of it remilled. JAMES MADISON. HISTORY OF THE U'AK. 141 liv (Vircclions ot llje r(»nil nuirMnl thf Pre«ii«lciil ufavo ihe lollt'Winpf dirertionn loCieniTnl liiiM : Albauj/i March'lH, IHM. Sir — Yon will pit-ase irhini 10 voiir iisuiil |)lrtfi' ol" reMitlt* iu*e in Msissju'lmsclls, a. id llierc coiilimie until , on shall rective order?* from Ihe Pr*-- si(lciilofllieLInile<' Stiiiew. ^> Yonrhumbh; Hfrvant, IJ. DF.AHBORN, President of the conrl martial. Atljl. and Inap. (ti'ncral'n^iffice, WusliirifjUm /l/n*. 25, 18M. Gfiif KRAL ORDERS 1 he roll of the army is not to hir longer dishonored hy having' upon it the name of brigadier (leileral Wdliam Hull. '" The general court aiarlial of which Major- Genera! Oearhorn is President, is hereby dissolved. By order, .1. B. WALBACH, Adjl. Gen. •V t PORTER S VICTORY. Ckipt. Ferler to the Secretary oj the Navt/. U. S. F. Essex at sea. August 17, 1312. SIR — I have the honor to inform you that on the 1 3th jnst. his Britannic majesty's sloop of war Alert, Capt. T. P. Laugharne, ran down on our wetiiher quarter, gave three cheers, and commenced an action (If so trifling a skirmish deserves the name) and after 8 mmutes firing struck her colors, with 7 feet water in her hold, and much cut to pieces, und three men wounded. I need uot inform vou that the- officers and crew of the Essex behaved as 1 trust all Americans will in such cases, and it is only to be regretted ihat so much zeal and activi- ty could not have been displayed on an occasion which would have done them more honor. The Essex has not re- ceived the slightest injury. The Alert was out for the purpose of taking the Hornet! I have ihe honor to be, &c. DAVID PORTER. Capt. Porter to the Secretary of the Navy. !• IT. S. F. Essex, at sea, August 20. SIR — Finding myself much embarrassed by the Alert, from the great number of prisoners we have already made, [about .300] I concluded that before our arrival in America, the number would be considerably augmented, and as soon :!» T found my provisions and water getting short, «nd be- 11 142 HISTORY OF THE UAH. ,i{;i"i' !ii'i ' ' ' I fc ^ll ihillif'NiJ k 4 I'M * 'i Hi i' I «i !: M ing well Hatifified that a plan had hceii organized by them f«>r rising on the ship in the event of un eii^ugemenl ; I cunfliiU ered li to be the interest of my country to get clear of tlicm as speedily ns o'^ssible, particularly uh I was well assured that immuliately on tlieir arrival in St. o!oiin§ an etjual number of my countrymen would he released and And a fiure and immediate conveyance. I therefo4'e diew up "writteo stipulations corresponding^ with the accompanying letters ; 4hrew all the ^uns of the Alert overboai'd ; wilb- drew from her all the men belonging to tl»e Essex ; a|)- pointed Lieut. J. P. Wilner to command \wr as a cartel, put all my prisoners on board of her, ai»d dispatched her lor St. .lohns, in Newfoundland, with orders to proceed from thence to New- York with such Americans as he may receive in exchange. At a more suitable opportunity I shall do myself the honor to lay before you copies of every paper relative to this transaction, 9 10 sincerely hope that my conduct in tiiiti affair may meet with your approbation. As the Essex has been so annoying about Bermuda, No- va Scotia, and Newfoundland, I expect I shall have toruQ the gauntlet through their cruisers ; you may however rest assured that all a ship of her size can do shall be done, and :whatever may be our fate, our countrymen sl^aLl never blush for us. ; ' , I have the honor to be, &c. D. PORTER. Capt Taylor to Gen. Harrison. Fort Harrison, Sept. 10, 1812. Dear Sir — On Thursday evening, the 3d inst after re-p treat beating, four guns were heard to tire in the direction (where two young men (citizens who resided here) were making hay, about 40() yards distant from the fort. I was immediatelFy impressed with an idea that they were killed by the Indians, as I had that day been informed that the Prophet's party would soon be here for the purpose of com- mencing hostilities. Prudence induced me to wait until 8 o'clock the next morning, when I sent out a corporal with a small party to tind them, which he soon did; they had been each shot with two balls, and scalped and cut in the i>iiost shocking manner. I had them brought in and burie^. HISTORY or THE WAR. 14;) jn the evenings of the 4th iimt. old Joseph Lenar, and l>e- iwecii 30 and 40 Indians arrived from \Uv Prophei'i? town, with a white fla^ ; among whom were ahuut ten women : the men were composed of chiefs of the different tnbet ih»t compose the Prophtt's party. A Hhawanoe man, that Mnokcji^ond English, informed me that old Lenar intended to speak to me next morni ig, and try to get something toeal. A* retreat beating, 1 examined the men's arms, and found tliem all in good order, »nd completed tlieir cartridges to ]{) rounds per man. As I had not been able to mount a •ruiird of more than six privates and two non-cummissioned oiheers, for some time past, and sometimes part of tlieui every other day, from the unhealthineso of the company ; I had not conceived my force adequate for the defence of lliis post, should it be vigorously attacked. 1 had just re- covered from a very severe attack of tho fever, and was nut able to be up much through the night. After tattoo I cautioned the guard to be vigilant, and ordered one of the non-commissioned officers, as centinels could not see every part of the garrison, to walk around on the inside during the whole night, to prevent the Indians taking any advan- tage of us, provided they had any intention of attacking us. About 11 o'clock, I was awakened by the tiring of one of the centinels; 1 sprang up, run out, and ordered the men to their posts ; when my orderly sergeant (who had charge of the upper block house) called out that the Indians had tired the lower block house (which contained the property ut* the contractor, which was deposited in the lower part, the upper part having been assigned to a corporal and ten privates, as an alarm post.) The guns had begun to fire prelty smartly from both sides. 1 directed the buckets to be got ready, and water brought from the well, and the fire extinguished immediately, as it was hardly perceivable at that time ; but from debility or some other cause, the men were very slow in executing my orders — the word^Ve ap- peared to throw the whole of them into confusion ; and by the time they had got the water, and broken open the door, the tire had unfortunately communicated to a quantity of whiskey (the stock having licked several holes through the lower pvu't of the building, after the salt that was stored there, through which they had introduced the tire without being discovered, as the night was very ,, i : Hi^l h J 1^ ■! 'i li! iJ J , 1 : W ill::!: 11, :i U4 IIISTOftV or TETE WAR. of every exerlion we cnuM make use of, in \p%% llian a mo- ineiii il ascencliMl lo the roof und liiitHed hIi our etforls to e\. tiii|(ui8li it. As that Mock lioiisi- aiijoiMeil th<^ Imrr.iclvi that make part of tho fortiHrationn, mont of tho men uiinie- diatiily (^nve themnelveH up for lost, and I had the (rreatcst ditiiruUy in |^ettiii|^ iiny ot'my otders exeonted - and, Nir, what from the ratfintr of the firo — the yelling' and howlinfj of several hundred Indians — Iho cries of nine women aiHi children ^a part soldiers' and a part citizens wives, who had taken shelter m the fort) — and the despoHdini^ of so many of the men, which was worse than all, I can assure you Ihal my feeling's were very unpleasant; and indeed there were not more than 10 or Id men able to do n jy^reat deal, the others heinj; either sick or convalescent — and to add to our other misfortunes, two of the stoutest men in the fort, and that I had every confidence iii,jiim[)ed the picket and left us. But my presence of mind did not for a moment for- sake me. I saw, by throwing" off part of the roof that join- ed the block house that was on tire, and keeping the end perfectly wet, the whole row of buildings mi^ht be saved, and leave only an entrance of 18 or 20 feet for the Indiana to enter after the house \a as consumed ; and that a tempo- rary breast-work mij^ht be erected to ]»revent their even entering^ there. I convinced the men that this could be accomplished, and it appeared to inspire them with new life, and never did men act with more iirmness and despe- ration. Those that were abie (while the others kept up a constant fire from the »)ther block house, and the two bas- tions) mounted the roofs of the houses with Dr. Clark at their head, who acted with the j^reatest firmness and pre- sence of mind, the whole time the attack lasted, which was 7 hours, under a shower of bullets, and in a moment threw off as much of the roof as was necessary. This was done only with the loss of one man, and two wounded, and 1 am in hopes neither of them dangerous. — The man that wns killed was a little deranged, and did not gel off the house as soon as directed, or he would not have been hurt; and although the barracks were several times in a blaze, and an immense quantity of fire ag'ainst them, the men used such exertions that they kept it under, and before day raised a temporary breasl-woik as high as a man's head; although the Indians continued to pour in a heavy fire oi UISTORY OF THE WAR. 146 ball.nnd an iniiumeralile <|iiai)tity of arrows, duriuf*' the uliole liiiU'llit-atUrk lahted. I liaii Imtoiii' oilier iiiaii kilU «il inside the fort, and \w losl U\h life l>y liciiii; loo uiixious ; Ije •j^ot into one of the gallics of lliu bastion . and tired over tilt; pirkelH, and called ouU«> his com raden that he had kill- cil an Indian, and neij^lcetin^ to mIooi) down, in an nifitant he was hhol dead. One of the men that jum[»ed the pirk- t Is, returned an hour before day* uud runninjj^ up towards the tjale, bej^u^fed for God's sake for it to be opened. I !sus|)ecled it to be u »trala Indians, which Ntarlled ihein in Miich a manner that one (jl'tliem «i|iriiiijj^ tVoiii hi8 liorsie, which tlui wounded man cuuij'ht and arrived safe at St. John's. Capl. Forsyth, with 70 of his rifle company* and 34 mili- tia volunteers, on the night ot the 20tU September, 1812, wHit over to a small village called Gananoque in the town ot L''eds from Cape Vincent, for the {Mirpose of detitroy- iiig- the kin^s store house at Itiat place They lauded un- observed, but were soon discovered by a party of regulars of about 120, and tired upon. — Capt. Forsyth returned the fire w ith such spirit, that the enemy were obliged to retreat to Ihe village, where they were reiid'orced by a uuraber of niilitia, and again rallied, i^iit finding the contest too san- guii>e, retreated the second time in disorder, leaving 10 kill- ed and 8 re^rulars and a number of militia prisoners : Ca;jtuin Forvyth had only one man killed and one slii^htly woufided. After destroying the store house, with a quantity of flour and pork, our little bnjid of heroes, returned to Cape Vincent, taking with them the prisoners, 60 stand of arms, two barrels of tixed ammuni- tion, one barrel of powder, one barrel of flints, and a quan> tity of other ])ul;iic property taken from the store-house. On the '1th of October, alxxit iorty Britisli boats escorted hy two gun boats, pttemptei' to pass from Johnstown to Pnscott, by Ogdensburg. — On their leaving Johnstown, the batteries at Prescott opened on Ogdensburg, and kept up a brisk Are, whi?.h was returned in a spirited manner, and continued two hours. The next morning the enemy cummenced a heavy cannonade on us from Prescott, which was continued with little intermisa»u)iiftlu'OUgh the day with> out any return from us ; General Brown considered it use- less to lire such a distance. The enemy was very busy during the day in (preparing for an attack on Ogdensburg*^ tile next morning about 10 o'clock* 25 boats, aided by twa X^\n boats moved up the river tlH'ee quarters of a mile^ when they tacked and stood i^ver for our i^ore. As soon as the boats changed their course, the batteries from Pres- cott opened their fire upon us, which was not answered till ) 1 i < 1 > all, i w it: i I M i i ii! n\ 148 HISTORY OF IIIK IV A K. : \ \:]:\n (;; mm \i\ 1 •p the boalH had ndvanced to nhniit the middle of liie rivf r, when our batteries commenced a tremendous fire up«Mi them, which destroyed three, and caused the remainder to aeek shelter under the batteries ol Prescoll. CoU. Lelhtid-jt and BrecL?nridge, led the British. There was no- unti man either killed or wounded on our side, whilst the c- emy lost twelve killed and twenty wounded. Affair ai St. Regis. — Major Young^.of the Troy, N. Y. mibtia, stationed at French Mills, on the St. Regis river, having received intelligence that a party of the enemy had arrived at, and taken possession of St. Regis village, niaroli- ed a detachment, on the night of the 21st October, which crossed the river about 3 oV'lock, and arrived within half a mile of the village by 5 in the morning, unobserved by the enemy. Here the Major made such a judicious disposi- tion of his force, that the enemy were entirely surrounded, v/hen a few discharges caused them to surrender, after hav- ing 5 killed, ami several wounded. — The result of this af- fair was forty prisoners, with their arms, equipments, -Sec one stand of colors, and two batteaux, without having one man hurt, or our side. Major Young had the honor of taking the iirst litandard from the f^nemy in the present war. Captain Elliot to the Secretary of the Navy. Black Rock, Oct. y, 1812. SIR — I have the honor to inform you that on the morn- ing of the Stninst. two British vessels, which I was^inform- ed were his Britannic majest)f*s brig Detroit, late the U. Slates brig Adams, and the brig Hunter, mounting 14 guns, but which afterwards proved to be the brig Caledo- nia, both said to be well armed and manned, came down the Lake and anchored under the protection of Fort Erie. Having been on the lines for sometime and in a measure inactively employed, I determined to make an attack, and if possible to get possession of them. A strong inducement to this attempt arose from a conviction that with these two vessels added Ip those which I have purchased and am tit- ting out, I should be able to meet the remainder of the Bri- tish force on the Upper Lakes, and save an incalculable ex- pense and labor to the government. On the morning of Iheir arrival I heard that our seamen were but a short dis^ HISTORY OF THE WAR. 149 utnce from lliis place, nnd immediately dispatched nn Ex- iiress to the utHcers, directing lheii> to nSe all potisible dis- iv.ttch i'l j^etting their men to ihis place, as I had important ^et \ ice to perform. On their arrival, which >vas about 1*2 o'clock I diKcovered that they had only 20 pisiolii and nfttiicr ciitlasHes nor battle axcM. But on application to Generals Smith and Flail of the rcgulaiv and militia, 1 was siijiiilied w1lha few arms, and iiCn. Smith was agood on niv reipiest as immediately to detatch tifty men from the reg- ulars, armed with muikets. .J'*" ; f /.(.r*/ By 1 o'clock in the afternoon, I had my men selected and stationed in two boats, which I had previously prepared (or the purpose. With these boats, 6(1 men in each, and under circumstances very disadvantageous, my men having scarcely had time to refresh themselves after a fatiguing* march of 500 miles, I put off from the mouth of Buffalo creek, at 1 o'clock the following mcrning, and at 3 I was along side the vessels. In the space of about ten minutes I had the prisoners all secured, the topsails sheeted home, and the vessels under way. Unfortunately the wind was not iufficientiy strong to get me up af^ainst a rapid current into the Lake, whei-e i had understood another armed vessel lay at anchor, and I was obliged to run down the river by the Forts, under a heavy fire of round, grape, and canister, from a number of pieces of heavy ordnance, and several pieces of Hying artillery and compelled to anchor at a distance of about 400 yards from two of their batteries. Afler the dis- ciiai ge of the first gun, which was from the flying artillery, 1 hailed the shore, and observed to the officer, that if another i;un was fired 1 would bring the prisoners on deck, and ex- pose them to the same fate we would all share — but notwith- 8tancling,they disregarded the caution and continued a constant and destructive tire. One single moment's reflec- tion determined me not to commit an act tliat -would subject me to the imputation ci barbarity. The Caledonia had been beached, in as safe a position as the circumstances would admit of, under one of our batteries at the Biack Rock. I now brought all the guns of the Detroit on one side next the enemy, stationed the men at them, and direct- ed afire which was continued as long as our ammunition lasted and circumstances permitted. During the contest I endeavored to gel the Detroit on our side by seoding a n^ji' ( jj i\ ■J r I6lt niSTURY or THEWAIl. line, there iieiiic^ no wind, on shore, wilh all the line I coutd inutitor ; but the current bein^ so Ntrong, the IkxiI cuuld not rencb the Ahore. 1 then hailed our shore, and requeHl. ed that warptt should be made last on Innd, and sent ou bo^rdftlie attempt to all which attain proved Uselesn. Aii the lire was stich a» would, in all {>robability, sink the ves. »el in u short time, I determined to drift down the river out of the reach of the batteries, and make a stand against ih^ %ing artillery, (accordingly cut tlie cable, made suii I \ with very light airs, and at that instant discovered that tho I' f pilot had abandoned me. I dropped astern for about 10 tninutes, when I was brought up on our shore on Scjuaw Island — got the boarding boat ready, had the prisoners put in and ttent m\ shore, with directions for tlie officer to return for me stnd what property we could get frum the brig. He di. '.-, - .;■ To my officers and men I feel under great obligation. To Capt. Tovvsoii and Lieut. Roach of the 2d regiment, ot artillery, Ensign Preslman of the infantry, Cnpt. Chapin, Mr. John M'Comb, Messrs. John Town, Thomas Dain, PeterOverstocks, and James Sloan, resident gentlemen ol Buffalo, for their soldier and sailor like conduct. In a word, sir, every man fought as if with their hearts animated only by tlie interest and honor of their country. The prisoners I have turned over to the military. The Detroit mounted fourteen long guns, and two small guns, blunderbusses, pistols, muskets, cutlasses, and boardiog pikrs HISTORY QW THE WAR. .t Ul The Caledonia beloiigdlo Uie N. W. Company, loaded with furs worth 1 undc-rstooil 82,0<)0. - I have tho honor to he, Sec. ' JESSED. ELLIOT. •.'*'•"■■ AMERICAN LOS9. '<*• Killed 2 — wounded 0. ' ' '»"; BKITISII LOSS. "' • - Killedai— Prisoners 111. i"* > Hi- Extract of a h Her from Capt. HeaUlt ' ' •* Dated Pitthburg, Oct. 23, 1812. On ihe 9th of Au&rust last, I received orders from G»n^ Hull to evacuate the post and proceed with nmy command to Detroit by land, leavinsf it at my discretion to dispose of the pul-iic property as I thought projier. The neifrhbor- ing Indians got the information as early as I Jid, and came in trom all quarters in order to receive tlin goods in the factory store which ihey understood were to be given them. On the 13th, Cnpt. Wells, of fort Wayne, arrived with about 30 Miamies, for the purpose of escorting us in, by the request of General Hnll. On the I4lh I deliveped the Indians all the goods in the factory store, and n consider- able quantity of provisions which we could not take away with us. The surplus, '^nd ammunition I thought proper to destroy, fearing they would make bad use of it if put in their possession. I also destroyed all the liquor on hand soon after they began to collect. The collection was ur- usually large for that place, bnt they conducted with the strictest propriety till alter 1 left the fort. On the l«5th, at 9 in the morning, we eommenceii onr march ; a part of the Miamies were df^tached in front and Ihe remainder in oar rear, as guards, under the direction of Capt. -Wells. The situation of the country rendered it necessary for us4o take the beach, with the lake on our left, and a high sand bank on our right, at about 100 vards distance. We had proceeded about a mile and a half, when it was discovered that the Indians were preparing to attack us from behind the bank. I inmiediately marched up with the company to the top of the bank, when the action commenced ; ultei' firing one round, we charged, and the Indians gav*: way in front and joined those on our flanks. In about 15 min- utes they got possession of all our horses, provisions, and r I], I'll " . i m w\ i il II it 162 B13XOBY OF THE WAB. 4. m '\\\ f' Hi ^ I I' r M, ! if 3 y baggage of every description, and finding the ATiauii>s did not assist uh, I drew off the men I had left and touk possession of a small elevation in the open prairie out of snot of the bank or any other cover. The Indians did not follow me, but assembled in a body on the top of the bank, and, after some consuU-adon among themselves, made signs for me to approach them. I advanced towards thcno alone and was met by one of the Potawattamie chiefs caU led the Black Bird, with an interpreter. After shaking' ha'ids,he requested me to surrender, promising to spare the lives of all the prisoners. On a few moments considera- tion, I concluded it would be most prudeitt to comply with his request, although I did not put entire confidence in his promise. After delivering up our arms, we were takeii back to their encampment near the fort, and distrii>uted among the different tribes. The next morning the^ set lire to the fort and left the place, taking the prisoners with them. Their number of warriors was biiween four and live hundred, mostly of the Potawattamie nation, and their loss, from the best information I could get, was about 15. Our strength was 54 regulars and 12 militia, out of which 26 regulars, and all the militia were killed in the action, "with two women and twelve children. Ensign George Ronan, and Dr. Isaac V, Van Vojrhis of my company, "With Capt. Wells of fort Wayne, are to my great sorrow, numbered among the dead. Lieut. Lina T. Helm, with 25 non-commisioned officers and privates, and 11 women and children, were prisoners when we were separated. Mrs. Heald and myself were taken to the mouth of the riv- er St. Joseph, and, being both badly wounded, were per- mitted to reside with Mr. Burnet, an Indian trader. In x few days after oi'r arrival there, the Indians all went otii'lo take fort Wayne, and in their nbsense 1 engaged a French- man to take us to Michilimackinac by water, where I gave myself up as a prisoner of m ar, with one of my sergeants. The commanding officer, Capt. Hoberts, offered me every assistance in his power to render our situation comfortable while we remained there, and to enable us to proceed on oi,r journey. To him I gave my parole of honor and came on to Detroit and reported myself to Col. Proctor, V'ho gave us a passage to Bufl'aloe -, from that place 1 cauie ^y the way of Presque Isle and arrived here yesterday. HISTORY OP THB WAR. 16a f Alter fftym Mr. S. T. Amlersim enclosing one from Com, Chauncey to the ^Secrefaiyof the Savij. "^' Sackett's Harbor, Nov. 13, IHI2.— -at nicrht. i SIP— *iiue the enclosed leller from the Cominoilore yfiMi written, tlie Growler has relumed with a prize, nrrl ii her Caplaiii Brock, brother to the late General of fh.it name, with the bagafa'ge of the latter. By the prize we Kanied that the l^^ari Moira wasofi'the False Ducks, and the Commodore hi>*i put oti' in a snow storm in the hope of cutting hT oti' from Kingston. From information rece.ved from Capt. Brock, there is no question but that Kingston is very strong'y detended. He expressed surprise to tindour vessels had got out of the harbor after having been it ; and says that the regiment to which he belongs is quartered there, 500 strong, besides otiier regulars, and a well appointed militia. The resis- tance m''*ue fully justifies this report. Be aNSured,sir, that in the action of which the Commodore has gi\en you aa account, the national honor has been most ably supported. In great haste, &c. IbAMUEL T. ANDERSON. Com. Chauncey to the Secretory of the A«t«/. " Sackett's Harbor, Nov. 13, 1812. SIR — 1 arrived here la^t evening in a gale of wind, the pilots having refused to keep the lake. On the Gth I fell in with the Royal George, and chased her into the bay of Quaiili, where I lost sight ot her in the night. On the niuriiing of the 9lh, we again got sight of her lymg in Kingston channel. We gave chase, and followed her in- to the harbor of Kingston, where we engaged her a^id the batteries for one hour and 45 minutes. I had made up uiy mind to board her, but she was so well protected by the batteries, and the wind blowing directly ii, it was deemed imprudent to make the attempt at that time ; the pilots al- so refused to take charge of the vessel. Under these circumstances, and it being after sun down, I determiiicd to haul off and renew the attack next morning We brut up in good order under a heavy tire from the Royal Geurge and batteries, to 4 mile point, wh^re we anchored. It blew heavy in squalls from the wistward during the niti;ht, and there was every appearance of a gaieofwind. The pilots became alarmed, and I thought it most prudent to 20 i Ii Hi it ^ f ipl ;■ , u ' .l. I mm r f i il 1^1 IIISTOIIY OP TIIK WAR. get into a place of mow safely. 1 llurcforo (very relm- ianlly) (leteried renewiiif^ the aUuek upon the ships and forts until a more favoraliie opportunily. In our passage throu^^h the bn) ot Uiumti, 1 discov« n d a schooner at the village of Arnnnirsiown, which we took possession of, hnt tintlin^she v^uuld detain ns (beiii^r thiu in chase of the Royal (jeorije) I onlered Lieut. Maeplar- son to take out her sails aid ri|i[<;in{r ,\\u\ \n\n\ her, wttich he did. We also took Ihe schooiirr iVInry, Hall, from Ni- agarn, at the mouth of Kiiif War. I J. U- Lkuistown, Chiober 14, 181*2. SIR — As the niovemeiils v\ the Jirni) unilt^r my com- av.iiul. siiict I had the iioiior lo acldrcKs yon on the 8th inst. hiive l)cen of a very important rharact«r, producing con- sf(|iUMK'ei; serious to nr:iiiy individunis ; t'Ktabiishiiig farts ;u luuily connected with the interest of the service p.nd safe- ly uf the army ; and as [ stand prominesitly responsible for some oi'thtise consequences, I he^ leave to explain to you, sir, uud ihroui^h you to my country, the situation and cir- riinstuiices ni v.hich I have had to act, and the reasons and motives which <^overned me; and if the result is not all that luight have been wished, it is such, that when the wliolo ground shad be viewed, 1 shall cheerfully sul?:nit to tlii judg-ment of my country. ' '' • ii'" f> 111 my letter of the 8th inst. I apprized you that a crisis in this camjiaign was rapidly advancing; ; and that (to re- jM-'ui llie same vvordsj * the blow must be soon ttruchj or all the toil and expcnce of the campaign tjo for nothiwj ; and worse titan notliintj, for tlie whole will be tinjed mth dishonor,* i . ' f *ju Under such impressions, I had on the 5h inst. written to Brigadier-General Smyth, of the U. Stat*;s' forces re- questing an interview with him, MajorrGenei*a'. Hall, and the commandants of the (J. States' regiments, for the pur- pose of conferring upon the subject of future operations. I wrote Major-General Hall to the same purport. On the nth, i had received no answer from Gen. Smyth ; but in a note to me on the 10th, Gen. Hall mentioned that Gen. Smyth had not yet then agreed upon t^ny day fur consuUa* tiun. in the mean time, the partial success of Lieut. Elliot, at Black Rock, (of which however, I have received no official information) began to excite a strong disposition in the troopi »o act. This was expressed to me through various chan- nels in the shape of an alternative ; that they must have ndei's to act ; or at all hazards, they would go hqme. 1 ii '- , li ,t 1^ S ) I ! . ! '■' I ll 'I >■■ '! .' a it. 15a HISTORY or THB WAB. forbear here coinmeiitinjf upon the oliviouR connequenreii tome I ersonul ^, ofloiiger withhuldiiig my ordem under such circuiiiMUuioeM. I had n ronti'reiicc with nfvto the pn^sihility of {)et. tinjif some person to pass over to Canada and obtain cttrrcct iidormalioii. Oiithe uiMininpr ot the 4th, he wrotu to mc thitt he had procured the man \% ho bore his letter to p:o o\ t r. IiiMtruclipns were given him ; he passed over — obtained ^uch iiifarmsttion as warriiitcd an immediate attack. This was coiiiideniiy communicated to Keveral ofmy tii'HtoflTicers, and produced great zeal to act ; more especially ax il iiiigbl have acontruiitig ctVect upon the niovenients at Ddroit, ivhere it was supposed Gen. Brock had g^oiie with all the force he dared spare from the Niagara tVontitr. The bt'st preparations in my power Mere, therefore, made to dislodpre the enemy from the {^eights oi Qaeenston, and possess our« Sttlves of the village, where the troops might be sheltered from the distressing inclemency of the weather. Ljeut. Col. Fenwick*s Hying artillery, and a detachment of regular troops under his command, were ordered to be up HI season from Fort Niagara. Orders were also sent toGeii. Simythtosend down from Bufi'aloe, such detach* Aients of his brigade as existing circumstances in that vi< cinity might warrant. The attack was to have been made at4 o'clock in the morning of the lllh, by crossing over in boats from the old ferry opposite the Heights. To avoid any enibarrassmentin crossing the river, (which is here a sheet of violent eddies) experienced boatmen were procured to lake thp boats from the landing below to the place of em- barkation. Lieut. 8imwas considered the man of greatest skill for thisservioe. He went ahead, and in the extreme darkness, passed the intended place far up the river ; and there, in a most extraordinary manner fastened the boat to the shore and abandoned the detachment In lie frunt boat he had earned nearly every oar which was prepared for all the boats. I; i this agonizing dilemma, stood oiileers and men whose ardor had not been cooled by exposure through the night to one of the most tremendous norfh-east storms, which continued ,unabated, for 28 hours, and deliig^- ed the whole camp. The approach of day light extin- guished every prospect of success, and the detachment re- turned to camp. Col. Van. Rensselaer was to have core- mauded the detachment. IISTORV OF THE WAR. 157 After this rf suit, I luul hoppti ihe palience of iho troops ^■ow'A liaNe roiituiitd until I coiiUt Kubmil the (•Inn stii;- gt.>it'tl in niv kllpr ot the blh.that I initfhl acl iiiui«*i', >»nd in ronl'ormiiy to ilie opinion that mii^ht he then ex|»re,s,»Ml. liiil niv ho|»e uai* idlo ; the previounly exril«'- now deterniined to attack Q,ueenslon, I sent new orders to Gen. Smyth to march ; not with the view of his aid in tilt attack, for I considered the force detached sufficient, bnt to support the detachment should the conflict be obstin- ate and long^ continued. Lieut. Col. Chrystie, who had just arrived at the four mile Creek, had late in the night of the first contemplated attack, gallantly offered me his own and his men*s service ; but he got my permission to late. He now again came for- ward ; bad a conference with Col. Van Kensselaer, begged that he might have the honor of a command in the expedi- tion. The arrangement was made. Col. Van Kensselaer was to command one column of 300 militia ; and L eut. Col. Chrystie a column of the same number of re;^ular troops. Every precaution was now adopted as to bouts, and the most confidential and experienced men to manage them. At an early hour in the night, Lieut. Col. Chrystie inarch- ed his detachment, by the rear road, from Niagara to camp. At 7 o'clock in the evening, Lieut. Col. Slranahan's regi- ment moved from Niagara falls — at 8 o'clock. M«:;ud's — and at 9 Lieut. Col. Blan's regiment marched from the same place. All were in camp in good season. Agn ea- biy to my orders issued upon this occasion, the two columns ■were to pass over together ; and as soon as the heights should be carried, Lieut. Col. Fenwick's i] ing artilery was to pass over ; then Maj Mullany'sdetacLment of reg- ulars : and other troops to follow in order. I I. I H It i; 'V ?. I. M ^ t ¥ \ 4 y^i if i k' 1.58 fllSTORY OF THE WAR. in I i: i ; ; 'i ^ i ■/ 'i 1 1 '■' n« '!! Ml. \\ Lti i ■I I Al (laMii of (lay llic boats were in reailiacii!*, uiul i||f> troopH comim^ncc'd t'lnliarkinp^, undt* r the cover uf a cuin- mantling- battery, niounlinir two eigblitm pounderH, iitul two sixes. The niovemen's were noon iliscuveretl, and n brisk fire of musketry wh« ^ured tVooi tbe wbole hne of the Canadian sthore. Our batteries then opened to sweep the shore ; but it was tor some minulcii,too dark to direct much fire with safety. A brisk cannonade was now opened n|)OQ tlie boats from three difierent batteries. Our battery returned their fire and occasionally threw grape upon the shore, and was itself served with shells from a small mortar of the en. emy's. Col. Scott, of the artillery, by hastening his march from Niagara Falls in the night, arrived in season to return the enemy's fire Willi two si\ pounders. i»a:.,t. .i.i . The boats were somewhat embarrassed with the eddies, •8 well a» with a shower of shot; but Col. Van Uensselaer, ivith about 1()0 men, soon eflected his landing amidst a tremendous fire directed upon him from every point ; but to the astonishment of all who witnessed the scene, this ▼an of the column advanced slowly against the fire. It was a serious misfortune to the van, and indeed tu the whole expedition, that in a few minutes atler landing. Col. Van Rensselaer received four wounds — a ball passed through his right thigh, entering just below the hip bone— another shot passed through the same thigh, a little below— the third tlnntugh the calf of his leg — and a fourth cartnsed iiis heel. This was quite a crisis in the expedition. Uiu der so severe a fire it was difficult to form raw troops. By «ome mismanagement of the boatmen, Lieut. Col. Chrystie did not arrive until some time after this, and was wounded in tho hand in passing the river. Col. Van Rensselaer wa^ fitill able to stand ; and with great presence of mind order- ed his officers to proceed with rapidity and storm the fort. This service was gallantly performed, and the enemy driv- en down the hill in every direction. Soon after this both parties were considerably reinforced, and tlie conflict was renewed in several places — many of the enemy took shel- ter behind a stone guard-house, where a piece of ordnance was now briskly served. I ordered the fire of our battery directed upon the guard-house ; and it was so eDectuaily done, that with S or JO shot the fire was silenced. The en- emy then retreated behind a large store hou.se ; but in a •flHMij USTORY or THE WAR. 1.39 ilioriliinc llie roiitlM'came ;reneral, nixl the iit\\ lir« s»:iHStieiicetl except tVuiii a one ^iiii Uattory, no fur down lliti river aii to he out. nt' the rouch of heavy ordnance, and uur h^ht pieces could not silence it. A niiniher of boaU now passed over uiianooyiil, except from one unsilenced .run. For some time aftrr 1 had passi d over, the victory ,i|)|)eared complete ; hut in the expectation of furtiier at- tacks, 1 was tukiny; measures for fortifyin{^ my campimme. (Iiutelv — the direction of this service 1 committed to Lieut. Totteii, of the enufiiteers. But very soon the enemy were veiiilorced t)y a delachnient of several hundred Indians Iruu) Chippewa — they commenced a furious attack, but were proiirilly met atid routed hy tlve riile and bayonet. Bv this tune 1 perceived my troop were embarking very slowly. I passed immediately over to accelerate their movements; but torn) utter astonishiiieiit, ( found at the vt-ry moiitent when complete victor, was in our hands, the ardor of the uneniragcd troops had entirely subr *ied. I rode III all directions— urged men by every co i-iaeratiou lo (diss over — but in vain. Lieul. (yol. Hloom, who h?t| ken wounded in action, relumed, mounted i;is horse, aiul rode through the camp; as did also J«idge Peck, who liappened to be here, exhorting the companies to proceed— bill all in vain. At this time a large reinforcement from Fort George were discovered coming up the river. As the battery on (he liilt was considered an important check against their isccnding the heights, measures were immediately taken to set id them afresh supply of itminunilion, as we had learnt (here was left only twenty shot for the eighteen pounders. The reinforcement, however, 'Micpied to tiie right from the road, and formed a junction V; 'If I uiie Indians in the rear ot the heights. Finding, to my intinite mortification, that no reinforcement would pass over ; seeing that another se- vere conflict must soon commence ; and knowing that the brave men on the heights were ([uite exhausted, and nearly out of ammunition, all I could do was to send them afresh Mip|)ly of carlridjjes. At this critical moment, I despatched a note to Gen. Wadsworth, acquainting him with our silua- liou — leaving the course to be pursued much to his own judgment — with assurance, that if he thought best to retreat, i would endeavor to send as many boats as I could com • ; t ! '1 H: n a \ li S'l; I ' ! I ! i! li ; I 1. £ 1' Pi ^ {it 'I Hi I'^i ! 160 HISTORY or TffE WAK. man(^ an/l cover his relreat by every fire I contd safely luaiie. But the bonis were diHjjersed — aiaiiy of llie b«»aU men had fled, puinc Htrut'k-~-atid hut iew got oflf. But my note could Imt little more than h.iVv reached Gcii. Wads- ■worth ahout 4 o'clock, when a most severe and obstinate coiiflicl comineiK-ed and continued about haif an hour with a treni ndous tire of caiinoti. tlvini^ artillery ai.d mus- ketry. The enemy succeeded, in rt;|>o»sessing their batte- ry ; and gainiHS^ adv;iiiluj*e on every side, the brave men who had u^ainedlhe victory, exhausted of strength and ammu- nition, and grieved at the unp.u'donabie neglect of their fellow soldierN. gave U|) the coaflict. I can only add,tl.ul the victory was really won ; but lost for the want of a small reinforcement. One third part of the idle men miyhl have mved all, I cannot injustice close this without expressing the very great oi)ligatioM I am under to Brigadier-General Wads- ■worlb. Col. Van Rv.nsselaer, Gol. Scott, Lieut. Cols. Chrvstie and Feiiwick, and Cupt. Gibson. Many others have also behaved irust gallantly. As I have reason to believe that many ofour IroopK tleJ to the woods, with the hope of crossing ihe river, 1 iiave notbeen able to learn the probable number of killed, wounded and prisoners.* The eneniy have suftered severely. Genekal Bkock, is among their slaui, and his aid-di- «aw*./ nu'rUdiv wouiided. 1 have the honor to be, &c. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER. CHAPTER V. :-,^ Documents accnnpanying ihe President's Message of JSovember 4, 1812. Mr. Monroe to Mr. RvsselL Depak'Iment or Staie, July 27, 1812. SIR— I wrote you o.i the 2t5lh ot June, by Mr. Foster, a letter which he promised to deliver to you in person or by a safe hand. » // is since ascertained that 90 regulariand militia were killed, and 386 ngulart and 378,mi/i^ia, Hi being wounded, viadtjiiriaoncrs. lIlbTOUY OF TUE WAB. 161 (ii ilial Klltr yoi. were informc d, that the Orders in r'ltincil, and other illej^al blockades, and the impressnicnt ,>loiir seamen by Great-Britain, as you well knew before, were ihe principal causes of the war, rnd that if they were Kiuovod, vou might stipulate an armistice, leaving them 111(1 all other grouj»d.'< of difference, for final and more pre- iise adjustment by treaty. As an inducement to the British government to discontinue the practice of impressment iiuin our vessels, by which alone our seamen can be made jccure, yoa were authorised to stipulate a prohibition by law, to be reciprocal, of the employment of British seamen ID the public or commercial service of the U. States. As ^iicb an arrang;ement, wi.ich migjit be made completely iti'ectnal and satisfactory by suitable regulations and penal- ties, would operate almost exclusively in fiivor of Greal- 15rit!iin,for as few of our seamen ever enter voluntarily into the British service, the reciprocity would be nominal; its advatitagie to G. Britain would be more than an equivalent for any she derives from impressment, which alone ought to induce her to abandon the practice, if she had no other motive for it. Astipulation to prohibit by law the em- j)loyuient of British seamen in the service of the U. States, is to be understood in the sense and spirit of the constitution. The passage of such law must depend of course on Con- rress, who, it might reasonably be presumed, might give f ifect to it. By authorising you to secure these objects as the grounds of ati armistice, it was not intended to restrict you to any I precise form in which it should be doiie. tt is not particu- [iarly necessary that the several points should be specially I provided for in the convention stipulating the armistice. I A clear and distinct understanding* wilh the British go- I vemmeiit on the subject of impressment, comprising in it the discharge of men already impressed, and on future blockades, if the Orders in Council are revoked, is all that is indispensable. The Orders in Council being revoked, and the proposed understanding on the otiier points, that is, loii blockades and impressment, being first obtained, in a [muniier, though informal, to admit of no mistake or disa- greement hereafter, the iitstrunient providing for the ar- juiiitice may assume a general form especially if more tirreeable to the British government. It mav for example 21 < ^;l \\ If i^ r' n !■ I ■ !■ \\'- ntll h' n I- i;il .1 Ivi I ; 'I. i IIISTOKV OF TIIK WAR. be said in general tornis * tliat l)oth powes being sincerelv desirous to tenniiiate the ilitVoreuces which unliappiiy suli. sist between llietu, and equally so, that full time shonI(i l)e j;iven for the adjuslnieiit lliertof, agree, 1st, that an armis- tice shall take place for that purpose to commence on the dwy of. * 2. That they will forthwHh appoint on each side com- missioners with full power to form atreaty, which shall pro. vide, by recipiocal arrangements, for th« security of tht-ir seamen from b«ing taken or employed in the service of the other power, for the ret!;ulation of their commerce, and all other interesting questions now depending between them. *3. The armistice shall not cease without a previous no- tice by one to the other party of days, and shull not be understood as having other eflfect than merely to sus- pend military operations by land and sea.' By this you will perceive that the President is desirouj of removing every obstacle to an accommodation which, consists merely of form, securing in a safe and satisfactorv manner, the rights and interest of the U. States in these two great and essential circumstances, as it is presumed maybe accomplished by the proposed understanding ; he is \vi|. lii.g that it should be done in a manner the most satisfactory and honorable to G. Britain, as well as to the U. Slates. I have the honor to be, &c. JAMES MONROE I r • i ■ Mr. Graham to Mr. Russell. V IH^PAKTMENT OP State, Aug. 9, 1812. SIR — The Secretary left this city about ten days ago on a short visit to Virginia. Since that period Mr. Bake: has, inconsequence of some despatches from his govem- ment addressed to Mr. Foster, made to me a commuiiica- lion respecting the intentions of his government as regards the Orders ill Council. It was of a character, however, so I entirely informal and confidential that Mr. Baker did not| feel himself at liberty to make it in the form of a note verbal or promemoria, or even to permit me to take a memoran- dum of it at the time he made it. As it authorises an e.\«| pectation that something more precise and detinite, in and oflicial form, may soon be received by this government, it is the less uecessary that 1 should go into an cxplaaatioa ot I IirSTORY OF THE WAR. 1G3 ilieviews of Uic President 'm relation to it, more parlicnlarly ,s llu.' Sccn,tary of Stale is daily expected, and will he al>lc toiio it ill a manner more salisi'nctory. f....: i • 1 have ihe honor lobe, ^c. ' '! JOHN GRAHAM."' 3Tr. Graham to Mr. Uussell. •' ' '''' ""* t Depautmkntof State, Aug. 10, 1812. SIR — Thinking that it may possibly be useful to you, I jo m} self the honor to enclose you a memorandum of the conversation between Mr. Baker and niyst'lf, alluded to in niv letter of yesterday's date. From a conversation with Mr. Baker since this memorandum was made, I find that I was coirect in rei)reseuting to the President that the intj- jniition from Mr. Foster, and the British jiulhorilies at Han- fax was was to be understood as connected with a susnen- tioiiof hostUities on the frontiers ofCananeriean g(jvernmeift did not, within fourteen d»ys *fter they re<'eived the oilicial declaration of their repeal, admit British armed vessels into their ports, and put an tend to the restrictive meaeures which had grown out of the Orders in Couupil. The despatchts authorising this communication to the American government expressly directed that it should bo wade verbally, and Mr. Baker did not considei himself at liberty to reduce it to writing, even in the forni of a note verbal, or promemoria. or to suffer me to tak^ a memoran- i\i\n of Ins communication at the time he made it, I inidcr' i!f lli , fl^: V '!■ km i;;;' i^ ' (i i 'i r t! i: !i ; I * r>\: 1 1 • hli if, I \m li ^ i 'ih \ !! ii:' . p tl ! I Ti; l|ii ;?1 i(>4 ill.NlOKV OF THE W AK stood from him tlint the despatches had been opcue«l by Mi Foster at Halifax, who in con .equence of a conversation Ik had had with Vice Admiral Sawyer, and Sir J. Sherl)roki, had authori'ied Mr. Baker to say, that the<«e genllcinen would agree, as a measure leadin^i^ to a sus|) ..sion of lioslililies. that all captures made after a day to \k fi\j;d, shoultl nut bf *?roceeded against immediately, but l)e detained to auait the f''ture decision of the two «^overnmeiits. Mr. ]b\Mer } d Jt seen Sir Georsfe Prevost, but had written to Inm b, express, and did not doubt but that he would agree to an arrangement for the temporary suspension of hostilities. Mr, Baker also staled that he had received an authorilv from Mr. Foster to act as charge d'aftairs, provided tl/e Am<^ncan government would receive him in that charac- ter, for the purpose of enabling him ofticially to communi- cate the declaration which was to be expected from Jlie British government ; his functions to be understood, of course, as ceasing on tjie renewal of hostilities. J rej)lieil, that although, to so general and informal a communica- tion, no answer might be necessary, and certainly no par- ticular answer expected, yet, I was authorised to say, that the communicatiou is received with sincere satisfaction, as it is hoped that the spirit in which it was authorised by his government, may lead to such further communications as will open the way sjot only to an early and satisfactory ter- niination of existing hostilities, but to that entire adjustment of all the diflierences which j>roduced them, and that peniia- nent peace and solid friendship which ought to be mutual- ly desired bv both countries, and which is sincerely desired by this. \Vith this desire, an authority was given to Mr. Russell on the subject of an armistice as introductory to a final pacification, as has been made known to Mr. Foster, and the same desire will be felt on the receipt of the iur- ther and more particular communications which are shortly to he expected with respt^et to the joint intimation from Mr. Foster and the authorities at Halifax, on the sub- ject of .suspending judicial proceedings in the case of mar- itime captures, to be accompanied by a suspension of mili- tary operations. The authority given to Mr. Russell just aliuited to, and of which Mr. Foster was the bearer, is tiill proof of the s(>licitude of the government of the U. States to bring about a general suspension of hostilities on adiuis^ 1 [Mi 1 HISTORY OF THE WAR. 16.J f jl I ^ihle Icrms, with as litlle delay ns possible. It was not to \h' (loui'trd IhenSbiv, lliat any oIIut practical cxpctlicul for altaiiiinof a siniiiaF result wpiiid b» reudily concurred in. I*|)Ou Ibe most favond)le consideration, however, which roulil be given to the expedient suggested through him, it did not appear lu be redncd>le to any praciicable shape to which the executive would be authui-ised to give it the ne- cessary sanction, nor indeed is it probable that \i it was less lii\ble to insuperable difficulties, that it cntdd have any ma- terial effect previous to the result of the pncitic advance made by this government, and which nmsl it favorably re- ceived, become operative as soon as any other arrangement that could now be made. It was slated to IMr. Baker, thiitthe President did not, under existing circumstances, consider Mr. Posfer as vested with the power of appointing a charge d 'affairs : but that no difficulty in point of form, would be made, as any authentic communication through him, or any other channel, would be received with atten- tion and respect. » . / Mr. Monroe (» Mr. Ilussell. Department of State, Aug, 21, 1812. [Extract^ SIR — My last letter to y»>" ^vas of the 27th of July, and was forwarded by the British packet Althea, uuderthe special protection of Mr. Baker. The object of that letter, and of the next preceding one of the 2()lh of June, was to invest you with power to suspend by an armis- tice; o!! such fair conditions as it was presumed could not be rejected, the operation of the war, which had been brought on the U. States by the injustice and violence of the British government. At the moment of the declara- tion of war, the President, regretting the necessity which produced it, looked to its termination and providecl for it, and happy will it be for both countries, if the disposition felt, and the advances made on his part, are entertained and met by the British government in usimdar spirit. You will have seen by the note forwarded to you by Mr. Graham, of Mr. Baker s commumcation to him, that Mr. Foster had authorised him to state that the commanders of the British forces at Halifax would agree to a suspension, after a dav to be fixed, of the condenuiation of prizes, to await the decision ot both governments, without however II ! ! t i; ^ iV ii; I J J .J, ... t 16<» HISTORY OP THE WAR. ^ 'ill, preventiuf^ captures on eilher side. It appears also, that Mr. Foster hiul promised to conimunicale with Sir Geor^rc Prevost, and tu advise hiiu tu propose to our governmcnl an amii{ilice. Hir George Prevost has siuce prcjsoycdto General Dear- Jjor*;, at the sujfgeslioji of i\1r. IV'der, a siJ.j»eusion of of- fensive operations Uy land* in a ktter whi' b vas transmil- ed by the General to !iie ScMelaiy of V) ar, i provisional aj^rt'^ment was cntcrril into between Geaerai Dearborn and Colonel Brivnes, iUe Brilish adjutant-Geni'^vat, Learer of Gfnt/i'jU Provost'H letter, that neither party should act offensively before lh<: ^lecisit, and leaves Great-Britain at liberty, and gives her time lo augment her forces in our neitj^hborhood. dtli. That as a principal object of the war is to obtain redress against the British practice of impressment, an agreement to suspend hoslililiri* even before the British uovernment is heard from on that subject, might be con- iiidered a relinquishment of that claim. (illi. It is fthe more objectionable, and of the less impor- tance, in consideration of the instructions heretofore given vou, which, if met by the British governnif nt, may have already produced the same result lu a greater extent and more satisfactory form. I might add, that the declaration itself is objectionable in many respects, particularly the followmg — 1st. Because it a.sserts a right in the British government {0 restore the Orders in Council, or any part thereof, to their full eftect on a principle of retaliation on France, under jMrcumstances of which she alone is to judge ; a right which this government cannot admit, especially in the ex- tent heretofore claimed, and acted on by the British gov- tnnneiit. 2d. That the repeal is founded exclusively on the Frencli Decree of the 28th of April, 1811, by which the repeal ©f the Decrees of Berlin and Milan, announced on the olh of August, 1810, to take effect on the 1st of ?Joveml>er, of that year, at which time their operation actually ceased, is disregarded, as are the claims of the U. States arising fiom the repeal on that day, even according lo the British pledge, 3d. That even if the U. States had no right to claim the repeal of the British Orders in Council prior to the French Di3cree of the •28th of April, 1811, nor before the notiHca- lion of that Decree to the Bi*itish government, on the 'JHlh of May, of the present year, tiie British repeal ought to have borne date, from that day, and boon siibjert to noin-. of the limitations nttaf'hed t<> i» 1 1 { ^ t i i ..;'.il ! , 1 f Hi ■ ' !i: 108 lll2iTOKY or THE WAB. lis i' ;i ;i I «4 •1 These remarks on llie declaration of the nrincc recent, 'which are nut pursued with rigor, nor in tlie full exieitt which they might b( > are ap^^licable ta it, in relation to the stateofthinjrs which existed before the determination of the LI. Staler to resist the ug;^resMions of the Briti^ih gov- ernment by war. By that determination, the relations be- tween the two cuuntricH have been altogether changed, and it is only by a termination of the war, 04* by measures lead- ing to it, by consent of both governments, that its calami- ties can be closed or mitigated. It is not now a question whether the dechiration of the prince regent is such as ought to have produced a repeal of the non>importatioa act, had war not been declared, because, by the declaru- tion of war, that question is superceded, and the non-im- portation act having been continued in force by Congress, and become a measure of war, and among the most efficient, it is no longer subject to the control of the Executive in the sense, and for the purpose for which it was adopted. The declaration, however, of the prince regent, will not be with- out eii'ect. I3y repealing the Orders in Council without reviving the blockade of May, 1800, or any other illegal blockade, as is understood to be the case, it removes a great obstacle to an accommodation. The President considers it an indication of a disposition in the British government to accommodate the diJOferences which subsist between the two countries, and I am instructed to assure you, that, if such a disposition reai'y exists, and is persevered in, and is extended to other objects, especially the important one of impressment, a durable and happy peace and reconciliation cannot fail to result from it. Mr» Russell to Mr. Monroe. London, Sept, J, 1812. SIR — ^You will perceive by iht; enclosed copies ot nolefe which have passed between lord Castlereagh and me, lliat the moderate and equitable terms proposed for a susjjeii- sion of hostilities, have been rejected, and that it is my iii- tention to return immediately to the United States. My continuance here, after it has been so broadly inti- mated to me by his lordship, that I am no longer acknowl- edged in my diplomatic capacity, and cfter a knowledge that instructions are given to the British Admiral to uego- HIKTOHY OF THE WAR. l(k> (.lale an arraiigcuieot on the other skI(> of the Atlantic, woa!ct, in my view of the subject, not only be uselfsM but miuro|H'r. It IS probable, however, that the vei^el in uhich f j>ro- po«e to embark will not take her departure betbre the l^lh or 20th of this month. '. '' i ' -- I have the honor to be, fkc. .lONATMAN RUSSFLL. >, t^ » ' ' 3Ir. UusscUlo lordCi/sllireagh. ■• ' • I ' ' London, \u^. 24, 1812. • Aty lord — It is only necessary, I trust, to call the attention ofyourlordshiplo a review ofllie coimIuc'I «»f the |rovernineiit ot llie U. States, to prove inconlrovertibly its unceasiiio- anx- ietv to maintain the relations of peace and friendship with (i. Hnlain. Its patience in suiVering' the many wroni>;s which it lias received, and ils perseverance in endeavoring by am- icable means to obtain redress, are known to the world. Di'spairingf at length of raceivinglhis redress from the jus- lice (tf the British g-overnment, to which it had so often ap- plied in vain, and feeling that a further forbearance would be a virtual surrender ofrig'htsand interests essential to the prosperity and indefKjndente of the nation confided to its protection, it has been compelled to discharge its high uuty hy an appeal to arms. While, however, it regards this course as the only one which remained for it to pursue svilh a hope of preserving any portion of that kind of char- acler which constitutes Ihe vital strength of every nation, yet it is still willing to give another proof of the spirit which has uniformly distinguished its proceedings, by seek- ing to arrest, on terms consistent with justice and honor, llie calamities of war. It has, therefore, authorised me to ittipulate with his Britannic uiajesty's government an ar- inislice to commence at or l>fcfore the expiration of sixty (lays after the signature of the instrument providing for it, on condition that the Orders in Council be repealed, and (10 illegal blockades to be substituted to them, and liiat •iiders be immediately given to discontinue the impres.s-* ment of persons from Americm vessels, and to restore the oiti/ens of the United States already impressed ; it being moreover well understood that the British government will isspiit tf> enter into definite arrangements, as soon as may 22 \'\ i( I Nil 1i5'' :V! i^ '♦' u kl W,' "•' h ili.'i I 17U IIISIOUY UF TUK W All. I .' 1-1 t iii |j| :? ' u i I I ii' !l i; I) !i ;; ii i It lie, on lIiCHC aiitl every ollur difVererice, hy u Irealy lo U rnncliidefl eiliicr at Luiidou or WuMliiiiKton, ns un au iiu partial c-onsiilcralion of existing^ circiiin.slaiiccs (4mll b>; (Iccnied inu.>t cxpedieitt. V' Ah an iitduceiiieiit tuCv. Britain tu discontinue the prac- tice ot' impressment i'roiii Aniericati ve^tMels, lam autlioriv ei\ to K^ive assurance! that a law shall be passed (to be r(>ci|i- rucal) to prohibit Ihefinptoyinent of Bni.sh seamen in tli> public or conimercial service of the U. Slates. It is sincerely believed that such an arran^^ement would prove more etticacious in srcnrinij to G. Bntam her stii- men, than the practice of impressment, i>o deroyruiory i> tlie sovereign attributes of the U. States, and so incompal\ ble wilh the personal riglits of their citi/oiis. Your lordship will not be surprised that I have present ed the revocation of the Orders in Council as a prelintinary to the suspension of hostilities, when it is considered that the act of the British government of the iJSd of June last, ordaining that revocation, is predicated on conditions, the jierformaiice of which is rendered impracticable by the change which is since known to have occurred in the rela- tions between the two countries. It cannot now be ex- pected that the government of the U. States will immedi- ately on due notice of that act, revoke or cause lo be re- voked its acts, excluding from the waters and harbors of the U. States all Brilisth armed vessels, and interdicting coMitnercial intercourse with G. Britain. Such a proce- dure would necessarily involve consecpienses too unreason- able aiul extravagant to be for a moment presumed. — The Order in Council oi' the 2t}d of June last will, therefore ac- cording to its own terms be null and of no eft'ect, and a new act of the British government, adapted to existing circum- stances, is obviously required for the etJectual repeal of the Orders in Council of which the United Slates complain. The government of the U. Stales considers indemnity fur the injuries received under the Orders in Council and other Edicts, violating the rights of the American nation, to be incident to Iheir repeal, and it believes that sati^^'aco- ry provision will be made in the definite treaty, to be here- after ncgocialed, fortius purpose. The conditions now oti'ered to the British government | for the terminaliou of the war by au armistice as aWvt MISTORY OF THE WAR. Ml ^tnlftl. arfiso moilernte niul just in llirnnolvM, nn(\ nn en- tirely consisUiit \s ) ilH intrrcst hiuI honor, ibat a conti- ileiU hope IS inflnlg^rd that it will not hesitate to accept tkcm. Id ho doing it will nhniiduii no nij^lit; it will sacri- liof no interests; it will abstain oi.ly troni violatinjy the lifjhts of Ihc V. Slates, nnil lu return it will restore peace \villi ihe power from whom in a lrien Foreign Opfick, Au«j. 29, 1812. SIR — Althoagh the diplomatic relations between the two governments have been terminated, by a declaration of war on the part of the U. Slates, I have not hesitated, under the peculiar circumstances ot the case, and the au- thority under which you act, to submit to the prince regent the proposition contained in your letter of the 24th inst. for a suspension of hostilities. From the period at which your Inslmctions must have been issued, it is obvious, that Ibis overture was determin- ed upon by the erovernment of the U. States, in ignorance of the Order in Ca> .' u .liinricu, and llisil Ik. nii;r||i|iavc bctMi ublijL^etJ tu wi')i>,ili'nw liiiiiHi.'lt, in consc- (|)ieiicfot' war hiving iu'en ilecliired, fiuiii the r.Slalts, bftore liic above ii)t'iiUoriire WHinly iIoim'ikJs, mail Un y are fully roiivincetl Ihai iiieAiiH can liedeviicd, uimI Will be Ado|>t«^(l, by wliicli Umi .«;»)( i'l to btobtuiiicil by the extrcise of Uiui rigbi* can b#. etjeciiiully iitiCilretJ. ,.. -,, ,f.,.^,.. f, ..., .!.»'r.ti. «trf.rt{ I ba>v llw buiiui* tu be, &c. dt CASTLEfUWGH. ,1 , *"■""*** wii .'1*1 .»»'. I M v'l '-^ r i^/r. Uwselt to lord ( 'aatltreatfh . London, Seplembcr 1, 1812. My lord — I bavc benrd wilb much regrcl, by your iordsiiip M note, dated the tlie 29lb ult. which I did not re- ci>iv< Mitil khis luoriiiiig^, thai the |»riMce regent ht!« thougfht |)ru|)er to decline to accede to the propoHitioA for usuNpeh- sioii of hostdities, routained in my note of the '24thof Aug^. It has been matter of surprise to me that my view with regard to the revocation of the Order in Council of the2dd of June latit, should have been cooNidered to have been in- correct, wheu it appears by your lordwhip's note diat the Britiiih g^overnment itself had deemed it necesHary to f^ive powers to the BritiHh Admiral to titipulale for its full effect, and thereby admitted tiiut a uew act was required for that purpose. (t now only remains for me to announce to you lordsliip that it is mv intention to embark immediately at Plymouth, on board tne ship Lark, for the U. States, and to request that permission may be granted, a soon as may be, for the embarkation of my servants, baggage, and the effects of this legation, and that the necessary passports may be forn- Ifihedfor my own, and tbeir safe conduct to that destination. I avail myself of this occasion to api>rizs your lordship that I am authorised by the government of the U. States, to leave Reuben Gaufit Beasely, Esq. as its agent for prisonert of war in this country, and to desire that every necessary fa- cility may be afforded bim in the exercise of that trust, by the British government. I have the honor to be, 8(c. - ' ^^ ..y v^v<^: ^ :,.^ , JONATHAN RUSSELL. '-.. < » , , Mr. Russell to Mr. Monroe. r London, Sept. 3, 1812, SIR — I enclose herein a copy of a note, received yester- iiy from loru Castlereagh, which will acquaint you that! i I a: < ■ ■l\^ 1 i _ ■ \ m 174 i UISTOIIT OF THE WAR. IP \ : i ■ ill ' t, 1!!: ■ t i: ' !' ijl HI ill if 11 \ 'l J I Ji 1: have obtained my passports to relorn to the U. Slalen, and thai Mr. Beasely is permiited to remain here as anient for prisoners of war. Immediately on demanding^ my passport I addressed to the consols a circular of which you wili also find a copy en- closed. ' .lil.i I i"/ ? I have the honor to be, &c. JONATHAN RUSSELL m;u/ ,..! Lord Castlereagh to Mr. Rvsseli. '" " " '•' '' ' ' "' ' Foreign Ofpick, Sept. 2, 1812. 'SIR — I have laid before his royal hij^hoess, the prince regent, your letter of the 1st inst. in which you announce your intention to embark immediately at Plymouth on board the ship Lark, for the U. States. I have already had the honor of forwarding to you ait Admiralty order for the protection of that ship as a cartel, on her voyag"e to America, and I herewith enclose to you a passport for the free embarkation of yourself and family, in comfbrmity to your request. The lords commissisnei's of his majesty's treasury will issue directions to the commis- sioners of the customs to give every facility to the embarka- tion of your eifeots. If previous to your departure from England, you can point out to me any particular manner in which lean facil- itate your arititngcments, I beg that you will command my services. ■..<:■•■ - ■^-' * His royal highness had commanded me to signify toyou, for the information of your government, that there will be no difficulty in allowing Mr. R. G. Beasely, as stated in your letter, t-^ reside in this country, as the U. State's agent for prisoueis of war. '^p P-'-'*' »vi vj.'jH iiuj; » i .ihw' >♦>. - ' 1 have the honor to be, &c. v'l , i J i s K CASTLEREAGH. Sir , LB, Warren to Mr. Monroe. - * i. '- -H^ * ; Halifax, No^a Scotia, Sept. 30, 1812. SIR — The departure of Mr. Foster from America, has devolved upon me the charge of making known to you, for the information of the government of the U. States, the sen- timents entertained by his royal highnes?:, the prince regent, upon the existing relations of the two countries. VISTOBY OS lOE Willi. ms You will observe, frum \he eoclotieil copy of lui Order iii t'ouucil beaming (late ihe 28doi June, 181£, ibatUte Or- (Icis in Cuuiici) ot Uie 7Ui of JmUiary, Jb07, and the '.Jtiili of April, 18(K), ceased to exist u^^rly at the name time that lite guvcM'rmient of the U. ^liites declared war against his ntajisJy luuucdialely on the receipt of this declaration in London, tlie Older in, Council, of which n copy is herewith enclosed l() yju, was issued on the lils. day of July, for the embargo :itid dt;tentit)n of all Antericunsjlips. L uler these cirrumstaiices, Tarn eommnnded to propose to yonr government the inmiediate cessation of hostilities helweeit the two countries and 1 bball be most happy to be the in.! iment of bringing about a reconciliation, so interes- ting a' benetlcial to America, and G . Britain. i therefore propose to you, that the government of the U. Stalesof Americashall instantly recall their letters of niarquo- and reprisal against British ships, together with all or- ders and instructions for any acts of hostility whatever against the territories of his majesty, or the persons or pro- perly of his subjects ; with the understanding, that, imme- diately on my receiving from you an official assurance to that eftect, I shall instruct all the otiicers under my com- mand to desist from corresponding measures of war, ■against the ships and propeity of the U. States, ajid that I siiall transmit without delay,' corresponding intelhgence to the several parts of the world where hostilities may have (commenced. T\\6 British commanders in which, will be required to discontinue hostilities from the receipt of such iiolire. Should the American government accede to the above proposal for terminating hostilities, I am aullKirised to ar- range with you as to the revocation of the laws which in- terdict the commerce and ships of war of^Ci. Britain fi'oni the harbors and waters of the U. States; in the default of which revocation within such reasonable period as may be agreed upon, you will observe by the order of the 23d June, the Orders in Council of January, 1807, and April, 1809, are to be revived. The officer who conveys this letter to the American coast has received my orders to put to sea immediately upon the delivering ofthis dispatch to the competent authority ; Hml i i^ l.u ^V f ,^ .^ 'ij in •I ■fh 'IM'xiy . i'' 1 ; ii- ; r ' i 1 '! i . i ; 1' iliiiiiiili ii^'H H i ' i ' , i — iuiJ 1 ■ i 17G HFSTOnV OH THF WiR. I earnestly recomiiicml that no litnemuy l>e lost in cojn- muiiicating'to me the ilcci«ron of n our goveriinienl, persuad- ed as I feci liial it cannot but be of » nature to lead to a »f)eedy termtnation of the }irest»n( diflVrcnres. .^*'''^' The Aug of truce which yon n»av rharjHfe with your re- ply will tind one of my cruisers at Sandy Hook, len dms after tlif; landing of tbix dispatch, >vhiclil have directed lo call Ihei-e with a flag of truce for that purpose. I have honor to be, kc. JOHN BORLASE WAIUIEN M Air. Monroe to sir J. B. Warrpti. DEPARTMENT OF StATE, Oct. 27 1812. iSni — 1 have bad the honor to receive your k-' \ : ot iIk 30th ult. and tOKubinit itto Iheconsideration of the President. It appears that you are authorised to proposQ p, cessation of hostilities between the U. States and G. Britain, on Ik ground of the repeal of the Orders iii Council, and in am the proposition is acceded lo, to take measures in concert with this government, lo carry it into complete eflect on both sides. You slate, also that you have it in charge, in that event, to enter into an arrangement with the government of the V. States for the repeal of the laws which interdict the ships oi war and the commerce of G. Britain from the harbors and waters olr the U. Stales. And you intimate, that if the proposition is not acceded to, the Orders in Council (repeal- ed conditionally by that of the 23d of June last) will be revi- Ted against the commerce ot the U. Stales. I am instructed to inform }0u, tliat it will be very satis- factory to the President to meet tlie British government in such arrangements as uiuy terminate without delay the hos- tilities which now exist between the U. States and G. Bri tain, on conditions honorable to both nations. At the moment of the declarution of war, the Presiden! gave a signal proof of the attachment of the U.^States to peace. Instractions were given at that early period to the late charge d'affairs of the U. States at London, to pro- pose to tiie British government an arniislice on conditions which it was presumed would have been satisfactory, ll has been seen with regret tliat the piopo.sitions made In Mr. Monroe, particularly in regard to the important inter HISTORY OF THE WAR. 17: ea of impressnit-iit, was rtj* cleii, and Ural none .vas offrroj tliruiii^li that cliaiiiiL'l, as a basiii uii wliich lio.>liItlits uiiglit ciase. As your cfovernmeiil has aulliorlsetl vou to propose aces- itatioii of hostilities, and is doubihss aware of the important :iii(l salularv effect which a satistaitory adju-stinent of this diiU^ieiice rannot fail to have on the future rt lations be- Ivuen the two countries, I indulj^e the hope that it has, ere tins, given you lull power lor the purpose. Experience lia-^ sntficieutly evinced thai no peace can be durul>;e unless this «)bject IS provided ibr. It is presumed, tlieref».re, that it IS equally the interest of both couulries to adjust it at this tune. Without further discussinc^ questions of right, llie Presi- (Itnt IS ilesirous to provide a remedv for the evils complain- ed of on both sides. The cla ui of the British ;^overn- nuiit IS to take from the merchant vessels of other coun- (res nmish subjects. In the practice, the commanders of till; Brilisii ships oi war often take from the merchant ves- sels of the U. States, American citizens. If the U. States prohibit the employment oi' British .subjects in their service, and infoi'ce the prohibition of suital)le ret^ulations and pen- altits, the motives for the practice is taken away. It is iti tins mode that the President is williii<^ to accommodate tills important controversy with the iiritishf^overnment, and it cannot be conceived on what ground the arrungiinent rail be re I used. A susjiension of tlie practice in impressment, pendinij the armistice, seems to be a m cessary consequence. It oaiiiiot be presumed, while the parses are engaged in a negocialion to adjust amic>i)ly this important ditference, ilial the U. Stales would admit the right or acquiesce in the practice of the opposite party ; or that G. Britain would be unwilling to restrain her cmizers from a practice which would have the strongest tendency to defeat the ne- gociatiou. It is presumable that both parties would enter into the ue-rociatiou with a sincere desire to give it eti'ect. For this purpose it is necessiiry that a clear and distinct uiulerslanding' be first obtained between them, of the ac- coinmodatiou wliich each is prepared to make. If the British government is willing to suspend the practice of impressment from American vessels, on consideration that \i fl'l! H 1 lllii f i- i il ' i^ .[!• :!'• I-' i :«. nfi HISTORY OF THE WAK. ll»e U. Stales will e\clml(* Uritisii seamen from tlirirsfr. vict', the rPSjnlaliouH by wliieh this comproiniso slu)ii|(| Ur canit'il into efterl would l)e so!el\ Ihe object ot neg'oeialion The nrmiHlice would l)e of *|jorl dnralion. If the partir, ar^reed, peace would he the rt^ull. If the neg'ociatior; fa Iti!, each would be restored to its foriiur slate, and li? all ii« preleiisuius, b\ recurring' to war. Lord CiHlli're.»i;li, in his note to Mr Russell, seems ir, have supposed, that had the British ••ov eminent accepted Ihe |>roposilionsniade to it, Ci. Brilani would have suspend, ed iininedialely the exercise; of a ri^lil, on the mere assur. ance - were g'iven to Mr. Russell with a View lo obviate «v' ry objection of the kind alluded to As Ihey bear date on 27lh .Tuly, and were forwarded Ijv the British packet Althea, it is more than probable that they may iiave been received and acted on. I am happy to explain to you thusfullv the vicvs of my government ou this important subject. The President de- sires that the war which exists belvveeu our coup' ries should be terminated on such conditions as may secure a solid and durable peace. To accomplish this great object it is liecessary that the interest of impressment be satisfactorily arranged. He is willing" that G. Britam should be secured ia i'f\ivc^ or i)t*^'^ on I In -.jlijtct ot iai|irc^snu i, in tilt' lUOtU* hert'in propojjtd, tin P.rs.dciil js v'llliii^ lu a^iet to ai't'ssatmii ot IiosIiIiIms, willi a vit-w lo arraiigx' liy lua- tv. III u luoie distinct and aiiipif luainuM', and lu the satis- iaflion ot l)otli parties, evtrv ohtr Hu'ject of coiitrovt'r>y. I will only add that ifliurehe nooiijcctioii to an acooni- iiiodation of du' diffvrence rflatii:or to impri'ssiiKiil, in Ui« mode proposed, other than the suspension of ih*- Bnfish claim to iinpresstueiil during- the armistice, there can he none to proceeding;, without die armistice, to an inmiedi- aii; discussion and arrangement of an articK on thai sul'jeet. I'his j^reat question hemg- satisfactorily adjustt^d, the way will i)t open either fi^r an anuisuce or any otiier cunise le i it. 1 !; iiM \ \ [ M' ^' I I . ^ii 1* [,:' ' ' (I? ■ ■ J II ■ ^ v ; ■ \i\' .it i !fii A :!ir if t / !!(■ : ■! 1 190 HISTORY OP THE WAR. ThoEsse? may he known by a fl;^t? bearing' the inotto-^ FRKK TR»DF. AND SAILOKS' RICJnTS ; Annirnt promised by sir James. Philadelphia, iii'pt. IS, IHX'i. for CHAPTER VI. JONES' VICTORY— AND CAPTPRE. Capt. Junes lo the ^ecreion/ of Ihc :\avfj. Nkvv-Y UK., Nov. 2*4, 1812. SIR — I here avail inysell" of the Hrsl opportunity ot" in- of Iht e occurrences ot our cruise, which ler- miiiHted in the capUire of iho Wjisp on the 18th of Oct by th<: Poictiers of 74 guns, while si wn^ck from duma^es re- ceived in an engagement vvilii the British sloop of war Frolic, of 22 guns ; sixteen ot them thirty-two pouud carron- ades, and tour twelve pounders on the main deck, and two twelve pouiiders, carronades, on the top-gallanl-forecaslle, makiiiLj her superior in force to us by 4 twelve pounders. The Frolic had struck to us, and was taken possessioii ot' about two hours before our surrendering lo the Poictiers. We had left the DcUware on the 1:3th. The 16lh hud a lieavv gale, m which we lost our jib-boom and two men. Halt p. st eleven, on the night of the 17th, in the latitude ot ;37 deg. N. and Ion, 65 deg. W. we saw several sail, two of them appearing very large; we stood from them for some time, then shortened sail and steered the remain- dt-r 01 the night the course we hud perceived tliem on. At *a\ -light on Sunday the 18th we saw them ahead— gave chase and soo i discovered them to l»e a convoy of siv sail, under the proleclioii of a soon of 'var ; lour of th< m large ships, mounting from 16 to 18 guns. At lluity two miuules past 11, A^ M. we engaged ttio sloop of vvnr, hav.n^ first received lur tire at the disl'.ince of lifts or sixlv yards, which space we gradually lessened until we aid her 01 board, after a well supported hre of 4^3 ui nntes; and al- Jthoogh so near while loading the last broadside that our rammers u ere shoved ;igainst the side of the enemy, our llieii eiiliibiied the sanse alacrity which they had done drr i : inSTORY OF THRXTAR. 1« mijlhc whole of the aclioii. Tluy ittimrd lately siirreiuler- tii iijion onr {jfainiiijr *l»c"' torecastle, so Ihat no Ims wa» jjust «i ed oiieilhtT side itterbourilinsf. •*' '♦'•■f.''*' >♦• i><::'nr Our niniii-lO|)-niast was shot away lielvpeen 4 nn«i * min-; hUh t'roni the rominciicrMH'Ht of the firing, and falling loaiiuto|)-sad \ard across the hirhourd- ii)re and fore-lop-sail braces, rendered our head-yardn uiw ni iia^eihle llie remainder of the action. At eight mntiites ttie^altand main-top-*rallant mast came down, and at •JO niinntesfrom the higin; mg of theaclioii every hrace and most of the riggmg v\as shot away. A few niimile^ after sp|»;iralnig troni ihe Frolic both her mast fell tipoii deck, the mainmast going close by the deck, and the foremast twelve 01 tifteen feet above it. The courage and exertions of the officers and crew fully answerefi n\\ expectations and wishes. I have *the honor to be, ^c. J ACOB JON ES. AMERICAN LOSS. Killed 5 — wounded 5. BRITISH LOSS. '..'f- O'Hi! /! Killed 27 — wounded 44. DECATUR'S VICTORY. Com. Decatur to the Secretary of the Ncvy. U, S. S. Lnited states, at sea, Oct. 30, 181-2. SIR — I have the honor to inform you, that on the 25lh inst. being in lat, 29 deg. N. long. :20, 30 W. we fell in with, a. id, after an action of one hour and a half, captured his Britannic majesty's frigate Mace. Jon lan, commanded by Capt." John (Jarden, and mounting 49 carriage guns (tiie odd gun shifting.) She is a frigate of the largest class, two years old, four months out of dock, and reputed oneof the best sailers in the British service. The enemy being to wiudward, had the advantage of engaging usat his own distance, which was so great, that for thetirst half hour we did not use our carronades, and at no moment was he within the complete effect of our musketry or graj>e; to this circumstance and a heavy swell, which was on at the time, I ascribe the unusual length of the action. The enthusiasm of every officer, seamen, and marine on board this ship, on discovering the enemy — their steady ! '\\ i %^i i! \k \' ! I ' '^IHU \i I \\ ■ •' i ■ n nii li i iBt HISTORY OV THE WAB. conduck ill bRllle, and precUion of their 6re, could iiol U ■ur|r Where all met my fiillust cxpeclaiion.s, it ^uuld Ije iiiijuiit III me tu discriminate. Permit me, how. ever» to recouimtiiiiL to your purticular notice, my firnt Lieut. Wiltu»m H. Alien. |Ie has served with me upwards of five years, and tu his uuremilLcd exertions in diKciplining the crew, 18 to be im|iuted the obvious superiority of our gunnery exhibited m the result of the contest. The MAceUpnian lost her mizen-mast, lore and main-top. masts and mimi yard, and was much cut up in her hull. ThedatuQge sustained by this ship was nut i»uch as to rei). der hvr return into port necessary, and h^^d 1 not deemed it ijn|»o.t«ku,tthat we fihould see our prize ju, should have con- tinued our cruise. With the l9J£lie»t consideration, &c. ' ,,l. STEPHEN J)j:CATUR. •>j\' ■- AMERICAN LOSS. Killed 7— rwouixded^i. BKITISU LOSS. Killed 36 — wouat! d ei8— prisoners 270. ■<1 i \ BAINBRIDGFS VrCTORY. Cew. Bainbridf/e to the Secretary o/ the Navy. V. iS, t\ Coiistituiiott, St Salvador^ Jan. 3, 1818. SIR — I have the honor to iiuform you, that on the 'JOth ultimo, at 2 P. M. in south latitude 1*3,00, and west long, 3^, 10 leagues diMance from the coast of Brazils, I fell in ivitli and captured his Britannic majesty's frigate Javn, ot 49 guns and upw ards of 400 men, commanded by Capt. LambeT't, a very distinguished ofiicer. The action ladled etie hour aqd o6 minutes, in which time the enemy was completely dismasted, not having a spar of any kind slnnd- iog. The loss on board the Constitution was 9 killed nnd 25 wounded, a,H per enclosed list. The enemy had 00 killed and 101 woi^nded, certainly, (among the latter Cupt. L.ra* bert, mprtally; but by the enclosed letter, written on board the ship, (by one of the pBicersof the Java) and accidental- ly found, it is evident tiiat the enemy's wounded must have been much greater than above stated, and who must have died of their wounds previously to their being removed. The letter states sixty killed and 170 wounded. Jl niSTORY OV tWt VTMt. Ids For furllier drtailM of ihe action, I brg leave to refer you totht' enclosed extracts from my jouiiial. Tlie Javm liad in addition to lier own crew upwards of one hundnvl mi- nernumerary oHicersand seamen, to join the HriiiMh Hhips of war in ihe East Indies; also, Lieutenant-Generat Urs- loj», appointed lo the command of Bomlmy, Major Walker, and Capt. Wood, of his slaft*, and Capt. IVIarshnll. muster and coiiiuiaiider in the British navy, going to ihe East ImliHS lo take command of a sloop of war there. Should I attempt to do justice, hy representation, lo the brave and good conduct of all my officers and crew,dunng tlie action, I should fail in the attempt ; therefore, suflice it to say, that the whole of their conduct was such as to merit my highest enconiums. On blowing up of the frigate Java, 1 proceeded to this place, where I have landed all the prisoners on their parole, to return to England, and there remain until regularly exchanged, and not serve in their professional capacities in any place or in any manner \*hatever against ihe U .States of America, until the ex- change shall be eftected. I have the honor to be, &c. W. BAINBRIDGE. AMERICAN LOSS* Killed 9— wounded 25. BUITISH LOSS. ' Killed GO— wounded 101— prisonere 376. Extract from CommodoreWm.Bainbridge's Journal, kept on board the U. S. F. Constitution. * Tuesdai/, Dec. 29, lSi2. * At 9 A. M. discovered two strange sails on the weath- er bow. At 10 discovered the strange sails lo be ships; one of them stood in for the land and the other stood off shore, in a direction towards us. At 10, 46 A. M. \ye tacked ship to tlie northward and westward and stood for the sail standing towards us, and at 11 A. M tacked to \\w southward and eastward, hauled up the mainsail and took ill the royals. At 11,30, made the private signal for the dav, which was not answered, and then set the mainsail and royals to draw the strange sail off from the neutral coast; ^iid separate her from the sail in coropany. 'dl tic 'Mi U- i h\ ;- hoisted Iter culum — ait English ensig^n, haviiitf a ^tig-iial Hying at lur main. * At 1,26, P. VI, (xiuif HutHcieiitly tVom the land, and finding the ^hip to be a;i Enghsh frigate, took in lliu niuin. fiail and royals, tacked Mhip and stood for the enemy. At 1,3U, P. M. the enemy bore down with un mttntion ot ink- iiig us which we avoided by wearing. At '1 P. M. the en. etny being withm half a mile of us, and to windward, and having hauled down his colors except the union jack at the mizenmast head, induced me to give orders to ttie olHct m of the 3d division to tire a gun ahead of the eneniN , to makehiui show his colors, which being done, brought on u fire from us of the whole broadside, on which the eiitmy hoisted his colors, and innnediately returned our tire. A general action with round and i>Viipe then commenced ; the eiumy keeping at a much gi^^'ter distance than I wish. ed ; but could not bring him to u closer action, without ex- posing ourselves to several rakes. Considerable manoovers were made by both vessels to rake and avoid beiig liik- ed. The following minutes were taken during the aciioii : * At 2, 10, P. M, commenced the action within good grape and cannister distance, the enemy to windward, but much farther than 1 wished. * At 2,30, our wheel was shot entirely away. * At 2, 40, determined lo courses to shoot ;tlit'iul to repair uur rig'y^iiig, which was exlreincly cul ; leaving the enemy a complete wreck ; noon alter uikcuv- vrcd that the eiieui)'*M fla;^ was still tlyiiit^. Hove too to re- pair some of our damaiye. ' At '20 minutes past 4, the enemy's mainmast went iicarly Uy the hoard. , ' At GO iniiiiiles past 4, wore ship and stood for the eu- tiny. * At '2i'} minu es past />, >rn\. close to the enemy, in a very itK'clual rakmg' pusitior> ,\vi his bows, and was at the iitslance of raking him, most prudently struck his h'^ : for had he sud'crei • idside to have raked huu, h;s ndtlitional loss must lu n extremely great — as lie laid lui niimaifag-eable wreck upon the water. Alter the eni'iuy had struck, wore ship and reefed the tojisads-^— then hoisted out one of the only two remaining boats we itad left out of eight, and sent Lieut. Parker, 1st of the Consti- tulion, to take possession of the enemy, which |>roved to be lii^ Britannic majesty's frigate Java, rated 88, but carried 49 gnus, and manned with upwards ot 401) men, command- ed by Capt. Lambert, a very distinguished officer, who was mortally wounded. The action continued from com- nuiicementto the end of the fire, one hour and 55 mmutes. Tiie Java had her own com})lenieitt of men complete, and u|)\vards of one hundred supernumeraries, going to British ships of war to the East Indies — also several officers, pas- sengers, going out un promotion. The force ot the enemy in number of men at the commencement of the action was no t considerably greater than we have been able to ascertain, which is upwards of 400 men. The officers were (xtremely cautious in disovering the number. By her quarter bill ; she had one more man stationed to each gua than we had. ' The Constitution was very much cut in her sails, and rigging, and many of her spars injured. * At 7, P. M. the boat returned with Lieut. Chads the tirst Lieut, of the enemy's frigate, and Lieut. Gen. Hislop^ (appointed Governor of Bombay) Maj. Walker, and Capt, Wood. 'Capt. Lambert was too dangerously wounded to be re- moved inimediatclv. The cutter returned en board th# 24 > I ^v.1 ' k i! %i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) & {./ / ^0 #. 1.0 ^ I.I 11.25 50 "^" HiH U 11.6 ^ '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. U5S0 (716)872-4503 \ '^ <> ^V ;\^< ^^^' roviftioiM for !M)uie time, and had but 3,400 gallona of water on board, I rcduoed the alluwance to three pinte a maui and deter- Dtiiied to make the be«t of my way to tlie (J. Statet. The Peacock was deservedly styled one of the finest ves*. aeU of her class in the British nnvy, probably about the ton* age of tlie Hornet. Her beam was greater by five inches ;- but her extreme len gth not so great by four feet. She mounted 16 twenty four pound carronades, two loognines, 006 twelve pound carroiiade on her top-gallant forecastle, as a shifting gun, and one 4 or pounder, and 2 sv^ivela mounted aft. I find by her quarter bill that her crew con- sisted of 134 men, four of whom were absent in a prize. , With the greatest respect, ^c. JAMES liAV^ENCfi. p. S. At the commencement of the 4pNt °*y iiAiliDg roaster and seven men were ubMent in a ^m, aud Lieot., Stewart, and six men on the sick lift. IrM J! CHAPTER VII. > M {f- CAPTURE OF LITTLE YORK. Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War, H. Q, York, Upper-Canada, April 28, X8l^ SIR — After a detention of some days by adverse winds, we arrived at this place yesterday morning, and at 8 o*clock cotntnenced landing the troops about 3 miles westward! from the town, and one and a naif from the enemy *s worksf The wind was high and in an unfavorable direction for the boats, which preyented the landing of the troops at a clear field, the scite of the ancient French fort Tarento. It pre- vented also many of the armed vessels from taking jposi- tioiis, which would have most efieclually covered omr laud- iag— but every thing that couhl be done was effected. The riflemen under Major Forsyth first landed, under ft heavy fire from Indians and other troops. Gen. Sheaffe commanded in person. He had collected his whole force in the woods near the point where the wind compelled oar 190 mSTOmT OF THK WAlt. full ! ^ I il \l ^ }''' troops to land. His force consisted of 700 regulars and militia, and 100 Indians. Major Forsyth was snpportcd n% promptly as possible ; but the contest was sharp and severe fbr nearly half an hour, and the enemy were i*epiilNed by a number far inferior to theirs. As soon ok Gen. Pike laiuU ed with 7 or 800 men, and the remainder of the troops -were pushing for the shore, the enemy retreated to thi;ir works. Our troops were now formed on the cf round ori. ginaily intended for their landing, advanced through a thick wood, and after carrying one battery by assault, were moving on in columns towards the main work ; when in sixty rods of this, a tremendous explosion took place from a magazine previously prepared, and which threw out such immense quantities of stone as most seriously to injure our troops. 1 have not yet been able to collect the returns of the killed and wounded ; but our loss will, I fear, exceed 100 ; and amog§ these I have to lament the loss of that brave and excim6t officer Brig. General Pik«, who receiv> ed 8 contusion Tbom a large stone, which terminatiKl his valuable life within a few hours. His loss will be severely felt. Previously to this explosion the enemy had retired into the town, excepting a party of regulars, to the number of 40, who did not escape the effects of the shock, and were destroyed. General Sheaffe moved off 'vjth the regular troops, and left directions with the commanding ofhcer of the mil.tia to make the best terms he could. In the meaii time all further resistance on the part of the enemy ceased, and the outlines of a capitulation were agreed upon. As soon as I learned that Gen. Pike had been wounded, I went on shore. To the Gen. I had been induced to con- fide the immediate attack, from a knowledge that it was his wish, and that he would have felt mor^tied had it not been given to him. Every movement was under my view. The troops be- haved with great firmness, and deservemiich applause, par- ticularly those first engaged, and under circumslauces which would have tried the steadiness of veterans. ' Notwithstanding the enemy's advantage in position and numbers in the commencement of action, their loss was greater than ours, especially in ofiicers. It was with great HISTORY OF TBX WAE. m exertion that tliettmall vessels of ihe fleet could work inio the harbor against a gaic of wind, but as soon as they got into a proper position, a tremendous cannonade opened upon the enemy's batteries, and was kept up against them, until thev were carried or blown up, and had, no doid)t, a puwerfui effect upon the enemy. \Vc have nut the means of transporting the prisoners and must of course leave them on parole. I have the honor to be, &c. HENRY DEARBORN. ■.4J Cotn. Cftauncei/ to the Secretary of the Navtf. U. S. Ship Madison, off York, April 28, 1813. SIR — A;j>:reeubly to your instructions and arrangements made with Major-Cien. Dearborn, I took on board of the iiquadron under uiy command the Gen. and suite, and about 1 700 troop, and left Sackett's Harbor on the 2dth inst. for this place. We arrived here yesterday morning and took a position about one mile to the south and westward of the enemy's principal fort, and as near the shore as we eouid with safety to the vessels. The place fixed upon by the IVfajor Gen. and myself for landing the troops, was the scite of the old French fort Tarento. Tlie debarkation commenced about 8 o*cl6ck, A* iVf. anil was completed about 10. The wind blowing heavy from the eastward, the boats fell to leeward of the position Hxed upon, and were in consequence exposed to a galling iire from the enemy, who had taken a position in a thick wood near where the first troops landed ; however, the cool intrepidity of the ofiicers and men overcame every ob* stacle. Their attack upon the enemy was so vigorous, that he fled in every direction, leaving|k great many of his killed and wounded upon the field. As soon as the troops wert landed, I directed the schooners to take a position near the forts, in order that the attack on them by the army ani na- vy might be simultaneous. The schooners were obliged to beat up to their position, which they did in a very handsome order, under a very lieavy fire from the enemy's batteries, and took a position within about GOO yards of their princi- pal fort, and opened a heavy cannonade upon the enemy which did great execution, and very much contributed to their final destruction. The troops, as soon as landed. \ ■ 'V. >\/\ .Sr .if-'n} i-/ 102 niSTOnT OF THE WAR. il \M % ;ii i^^fiifi! ![ I 'I I :, 1 i i 1 ' i ■ ! '. ii ' 1 !^ i ^ 1 ^"' '11 ' all were formed under the immediate orders of Brig;. General Pike, wtioled in n moAt (gallant manner the attack upon the fortfi, and at\er havin^^ carried two redoublx in their a|). i>roach to the principal work, (the enemy having previous- y laid a train) blew up his ma^a/jne, which in its effects upon our troops was dreadful, having killed and wounded & great many, and amongst the former, the ever tu be la» mented Brig. General Pike, who fell at the head »f his co'unm by a contusion received by a heavy stotic from the ma. Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War* Niagara, May 3, 1813. [ExlracL'] York was one immense niajjazine, whieli sup- plied Niagara, Detroit, and fort George. The troops were halted a few moments to bring up the heavy artdlery to play on the block house, when Gen. Sheaife despairing of holding the town, ordered iire to be put to the principal magazine, in which was deposited 5(X) l>arrels of powder^ and un immense quantity of shells and shot. The explo- sion was tremendous, aitd raked our column from front to rear with such efiect that it killed 62, and wounded 180 oC our men, among the latter was brig. Gen. Pike, who died hi ii h ; t m\ ' n ' id 'l! 104 HIKTORY or TBB WAR. of hit wouiulf) ibortly aAtr. NotwithNtQiiding this cnlainl- \y, nntl ihe tli»coiiifilure that mii^hi be expecWd to follow it, i/te irttoptffave thro: cheera^ intlanUtf Jormedt and marchfd OH for ihe town, Nuiwilhulandiiig^ the inimenHO tiinoiint ilestroyed by them, we found more nubhc property th»n our vesAclR could bring away. Gen. SheaflTc^s baggage and paperH fell into oiy haudN ; they are a valuable acquisition. A SCALP wnN louiid in the Execulite and legislative Couucil Chamijt;r, suspended near the Speaker's chair. A slalemetit ol'uur lohs, as well as that of the enemy is sub- joined. AMERICAN LOSS. Killed in battle 14— do. by the explosion 62. Wounded in battle 2^1 — do. by the explosion 180. BRITISH LOSS. .. Killed in battle To — do. by their explosion 40. ^( Wounded in battle 02 — do. by their explosion 23. .n Prisoners, militia 700 — do. regulars dO. -34|. ; Oen. Winchester to the Secretary of War. Fort Getngey Upper Canada, Feb. 11, 1813. ^\}^ — On the2dd ultimo, I had the honor of communi- cating to your excellency the result of the action at French- town on tlie river Raisin, of tlie preceding day. I have it now in my power to transmit to yon a more detailed ac- count of that transaction, together with a more minute statement of our loss. A list of the killed, and wounded, and missing, is herewith enclosed. The attack upon our camp was commenced about o*clock in the morning, hy a heavy tire of small arms together with the discharge of (> pieces of artillery, directed immediately at our lines, and the houses and temporary breast-work, from behind which a portion of our troops were engaged with the enemy. Ear- ly in the action a charge was made by the assailants ; but the tire from our lines w:is so intense that they were quickly Compelled to retire. In this charge the 4 1st regiment of British regulars prin- cipally suft'ert d, their loss during the charge and in th« g(4>8equeiit engagement, being very considerable. Out of three huiui red uf these troops about 30 fell dead upon the field, and 90 or 100 wounded were removed from the ground, , „ HISTORY or TIIS WAS. 19ft It it iinpotnilile lo stale with any deforce of accnrncy the number of Ciiiiadiaii iitilitta anil Indians wliieh wero killed or wuuiuted during the en^geuienl ; it could, liovr- f>ver, not have l>eeii small, having received for ihrM or four lioui « the coiiNlanl fire of the inutkelry and riflemen, from tlie breastwork under which they were formed. The ac* tioii had endured nlioul u quarter of an hour, ^^ hen the right division of our lruo|>N, who were leMst secured by a breast- work, and exjioiic'd to a heavy tire from a body of Indians and militiu, who had pOMsessed themselves of some out- liouMCs within tlieir reach, were obliged to retreat froui their lilies in the encam|inieiit, for the purpose of occupying ground less ex|)esed. This retreat being discovered[ l>|; the enemy, the whole Indian force, together with a portion ol llie militia, bore down u(K>n them with redoubled vio- \e\\c*'t and prevented, by their su)ieriority of numliers and the severity of their (ire, the practicability of ever n^ain forming this portion of our troops in order of battle. It was from this division that oui^ principal loss was sustained, few indeed having escaped. Every eflort in vain was em- ployed to form them in some order of action, as affording the only means of either repelling the pursuers, or regain- ing the temporary breast-work from behind which the re-^ roaining part of our troops still gallantly defended them- selves; but every exertion was in vain employed, and the very few who survived of the party surrendered as prison* ers to the enemy. Our loss in this action will be ascertained by the list herewith enclosed. Among the killsd, I have to lament several brave .and valuable officers, some of whom had distinguished themselves in the action o( the evening of tha 18th, and fell on the 22d, while unavailingly engaged in rallying the troops, who retreated in disorder from the lin^i. Among those, the loss of Col. John Allen, and Major C M'Crannahan, is to be particularly regretted, as also Capt. John H. Woolfolk, one of my aids-de-camp; their exisr^ tisns were unsuccessful, notwithstanding every posanfM exertion was employed ; they bravely fell in dischargis of their respective duties. While I regret the fate of those who bravely fell upon this occasion, I should do injustice to pass over, without notice, the few partakers in their dan* ger, who were fortunate lo ^iinive the», To JLieut, Gq\, ' * , I! .1. ;f - ♦ u I ! ■ i ii ■ ' '1 " ' ^' i , ' 1 V *:■■ ita HISTOkY or THE WAK. WilliMn Lewifly who commanded on the 18th, and tnCnpt. John Overton, my aid-de-camp, who attended mv perwn on the field, my thank* are particularly due, for ihHr prompt and willing exertion, dnrintif every period ot (hi conflict. To the otiirer« and noldicrN who hravely ninin. taiiied their ground in the temporary fortificationn. too much praise cannot be bentowed. Assailed by nnmhfnt, greatly superior, supported by six pieces of nrtdtrry, the^ gallantly defended lhem>wlves with their small arms nione, lor near four hours of constant battle. No troops ever lie. haved with more cool and determined bravery ; from the conimunduig officer down to the private soldier, there witt scarce a single abandonment of duty ; iind at the last wlien their ammunition was nearly exhauste»il to accept the chieTii i*rnpoiition. Ac- cordingly We atwrmlilcd firoinid him, «hft ;^avfi up th ''^ixv remuiitini; annit Ihut were nidi retained in the flig;ht. In a few minutes the 'ndiuiiN on tuot cnnieiip,and notwUhntand- iiij^the chief appeared solicitoust to nave, niartMacred about hulf onr numlier. 1 wqm led hack towardti the river alone the road we had retreated ui. l*he dead Ixitlies of my ftT- low comrades, scained, tomahawked, and stripped, pre- sented a most horrid spectacle to my view. I wan ui length taken to a fire near Cd. Proctor, where I remained till our army capitulated, and marched by me tuwards Maiden. M»jor Madison,* as be was marchmg; past, demanded me of the British officer command ling^ the piard, as an Amer- ican officer ; but the noble Briton replied with a sneer, * You have too many officers,* and ordered the column to advance which had made a partial halt I was taken to Sandy creek, about three miles off, on HulPs road, and there kept during the night with about 20 other prisoners. iNext moroing my master led me in charge of the old In- dian, and with the exception of 20 or 30, all the Indians in the camp went back towards the river Raisin. They re- turned about 2 o*c lock, P. M. bringing a number of fresh scalps and about 30 prisoners, many oi' whom were wound- ed, though with a single exception, none dangerously. I was told by the prisoners that the Indians had that mornino^ returned to the village, and massacred Capt. H*ckman and a great many others, and that they were feai'ful that Maj. Graves and Capt. Hart were of the number; that some of the wounded had been scalped alive and burned in the houses. I had scarcely been told these things, when a vol- unteer who was standing by my side, was knocked down,. « Jfter the twrender of our troops to the Britiihj at the river Raisin^ the Indmnst in violation of the articlee of'eapiiulation, crowded among them^ and mere plunderitig their property~~when Ute heroic Madison desired Col. Proctor to keep them off;-^" the Indians areferee and unmanageable, (said Preetor) it canoot k»e done* Madison eooly replied, * if you cannot dis- perse tbem, 1 will.* — the men were ordered to shouldtr their arms, and Procior fearing thai ^cliarge bayonet' would foUow,mKed his snordf aid ffv Indiana insianUy witiuirew. Ui . ■ 108 HISTORY OF THE WAi^. 0^m J 1 M f Mi !!•' ii ■ i ti b" scal|)e(], and afWrwards toDialmwkcd. Three utbers «vere successively treated in Ibe same manner. Seven days afterwards, I was sold in Detroit to some American gentlemen, and the next day sent over to Sand- wich, where I remained nearly three weeks. In this time I hud an opportunity of making enquiry about the mussa- cres, and found that 60 had been massacred subsequent to the day of battle, and two officers the day on which the bat. tie was fought, after tliey had surrendered. Of the tit st vfeve Capl. N. G. S. Hart of Lexington, Capt. Paschal Hickman of Franklin, John H. Wooliolk, £sq. ihe Gen. eral's Secretary ; and of the latter Capt. Virgd i\rCracketi of Woodford, and Ensign Levi Wells, son of Col. Wells of the U. S. Infsuitry. Judge Woodward has ascer- lained several instances of great barbarity exercised on our prisoners, which will appear as soon as that truly philantropic and patriotic gentleman returns to his own country. — Massacres were not only committed onthe22d and 23d, but also on the 24th, 25th, and 26lli, and even three weeks afterwards fresh scalps were brought into Maiden. Should this relation be doubted, many living witnesses of high standing for probity, may be found to attest them. lExpeditmi against the Jndi^ns. — Major Gen. Samuel Hopkins, on the 11th of I«(ov. 1812, marched with 1000 men under his command, from fort Harrison, on an expe- dition to the prophet's tovvu, for the purpose of destroying tlieir village, provisions, &c. On the morning of the IQth, a detachment of 300 men destroyed a town, and a great quantity of corn, belonging to the Winebago tribe, lying on the Poace Passu creek, one mile from the Wabash, and four from the Prophet's town. On the 20th, 21st, and 22d. they destroyed the Prophet's town and a Kickapoo village, on the opposite side of the river, consisting of upwards of 20O houses, a considerable quaiitity of corn, &c. On the 21st a large body of Lidians were discovered above seven miles from the town, by a small party, who the Indians tired on, and killed one man; the next day Lieut. Cols. Miller, and Wilcox, anxious to bury their comrade, as well as gain a more complete knowletl;je of their situa- HISTORY OF THE WAR. ifm uon and strcnn^lhi set out wilh party of horsemen, consist- ing uf uboiit sixty ; the Indians had placed themselves in A Klroii!<; place, on a ridge of Uuid, running between two large and rapui creeks, which could not be ascended only by a steep ravine — our party returned, after a smart skirmish, in which we lost, in killed, wounded, and missmg, IH men. Ou the 24th, the main body of the army started ftir the purpose of destroying the enemy in their strong hold ; but when arrived at the spot they found they bad fled, pivviouM to the storm of snow, which fell very deep, on the ■i;kl which prevented any further pursuit. hriff. Gen. Smyth, in November, 1812, issued several addresses to the inhabitants on the frontiers, for the purpose; of raising volunteers to cross into Canada, opposite Niagara. Including the regular anuy under his command, and the volunteers that repaired to his camp, he had, on the 27th Nov. 4000 men. Two parties were sent across the river to destroy a bridge below fort Erie, and capture and spike tlie caimon in the batteries, and some pieces of light artillery. \ AAer accomplishing their object, the parties separated by luisapprehension ; Lieut Angus, the seamen, and a part of the troops returned with all the boats, while Capts. King, Morgan, Sproul, and Houston, with about (K) men, remain- ed. The party thus reduced, took and rendered unservice- able two of the enemy *s batteries, captured 04 prisoners, and 2 boats, in which Capl. King sent his prisoners, his own officers, and half of his men across, remaining himself with 30 men, refusing to abandon them. . On the dOth Nov. Gen. Smyth again attempted to cross, wilh 3000 men, but by some misunderstanding only a few would, or could be made to embark. The killed in both these attempts amounted to about 20 — the wounded 30 — • and prisoners 31. The enemy lost 10 killed — 17 wounded, and 34 prisoners, besides an Indian chief. 'In*j Wi v;« Capt Forsylhy commandant at Ogdensburg, crossed^ (tv«r to Elizabethtown on the 7lh of Feb. 1813, with about '200 volunteers from the militia and citizens, where they surprised the guard, took 42 prisoners, with 1 Maj. 3 Capts. . I^Lieuls. and 120 umskets, 20 rifles, two casks of fixed' ammunition, and considerable other public property, which ' waseft'ected without the loss of a man. % M y V ¥. I i( 4 ^oa HISTORY or THE WAR. '^ -?:^pn:o*> ,*'*}m')i-'«f' ir '''■■■ }1:^ l»f»r? ftn; is ' ; t 1 I j i ii I i ■; BE i W: r- i ■ i 'i 'I I. •, CHAPTER Vin. iq Cr«i. Harrison to the Secretary of H ar. ^i' Lower Sandusky, May \d,\%\%. [Extract,^ ' SIR — Having asce 'taiiied that the eiienij (In opinion is comfiimed of the great su| enority of the enemy which were deieated by our troops in the two sallies made on the 5th inst. That led by Col. Miller did not exceed 350 men, and it is very certain that they defeat- ed 200 British regulars, 150 militia, and 4 or 500 Inilinns. That American regulars (althongh tliey were raw recruits) and such men as compose the Pittsburg, Penn. and Pclcrii- burg, Va. volunteers, should behave well, is not to be won- dered at— but that a company of militiu siiould maintain its '\ .»; t-^ rJ;.. ;/ U ^j • ii msTomT t,£iliolf 8 company, charged the enemy and releatied the Kentuckians. A copy of Gen. Clay's re()ort td tde of the manner of his evecuttng my ord^r ior the attack on the enemies baltenes, is likewrse forwarded, by which il will be seen that mv id- trillion was pet*fectly understood, and the great faciiity with winch it mitJ^ht hiive been executed is apparent to ^y» ery individual who witnesAed the sctine. Indeed, the can- non might have been spiked, the carriages cut to pieces, the magazine destrdy^d, and the retreat effected to the boats without the loss of a man, as none wiere killed m ta<> king^ the batteries, so complete was tfi^ surprize. An extensive open plain intervenes between the riv^ir and the hill upon which the battelries of the enemy Were placed ; this plain was raked by four of our eighteen poun- ders, a twelve and a six. The enemy, even before theit ffuns were spiked, could not have brouglit one to bear on it. So pedectly secured was their retreat, that 150 mea mHo came off, effected it without loss, and brought off some of the wounded, one of them upon the backs of their com- rndes. Tiie Indians followed them' to the woods, but da- red not enter into the plain. 1 am unable to form a correct esthnate of the enemy's force. The prisoners varied much in their accounts ; those whu made them least, stated the regulars at 560, and mili- tia at 800; but the numbers of Indians were beyond cgm- parison greater thun have ever been brought into the iield Itefore ; numbers arrived after the siege commenced, and they were indeed the efficient force of the enemy. 1 have the honor to be. See, W. H. HARRISON. AMERICAN LOSS. Killed 81— Wounded 189. ^ ' British loss not known. :^'^' ■''-''«; ;> 2« UHjv!. 'iii ■1 .c^.;. Ui. ir< ij/.:i -J >V: n 9pe HISTORY OJr TULB WAR. if!' ' A' '' I ) 111 t it i- ! i f. M Tkefottownig convei'salion tsok place between MaJ. ihutti^ ^ b«r» and iifn.^iarriMm,ott a demand /or tfte surrender '\^^ MV' ^l^omberi — Gen. Proctor has directed me to de- mand tiie (HM-rendcT of this post. , He wislies to spare the efl'usioti of bloba. Gen, Harrison — The demand, under present circum- stances, is a most, extraordinary one. As Gen. Proctor did not send me a tuQiroons to surrender on hjt> first arrival, I liad supposed tiiat he l^iieved nie determined to du luy duty. His pre^^nt message, indicates an (pinion of qk that I am at a loss to aecouul for. MaJ. C7<£r»i|^ifn^-—(jren. Proctor ceipld never think of say. ing^ any thing; to w^qund your feelings,, sir.— The character ofGen. Hi^rrisoiiy j\9 an. officer, is well known. I'Cn. Pruc- tor's force is very reswectabie, and there is with him a larger l&ody of Indians thalltave ever before been embodied. Cren.//armoi?|— -I believelhave a very correct idea of Gen. Proctor's fpvee^ it is ho| st;M|h o^ to create the l,ea»t ap. prehension, for thp resqJt of the contest, whatever shape he ihay be pleased hereufter to gijve Iq it. Assure the Gen. however, that h^ jwili never have tl^js post surrendered l) tiiViX ^p(^^ .^ny teriJ^s., ^hould it fail into his hands, it will be in a manner falculated to do hin^ more honors and to cive^him larger ciifitc^S! ppon Uie gratitude of his government than any cupilulutiqn cpt^ld possibly do.. iVmsoB 4 i lilled 108— wounded 103— Prisoners 02^— total 909,!' l liW^ a.; «' ii itt •«iU^>»»j V fVt' f' il ! 'i 1 it 1 HlJ' d04 HISTORY 09 TlUe WIK. n^i \M\ m iiiH 'I'l 'i'-\ n'4 1l\ i • ' * ' ■■ ■ I ^„ Gmn. Chauncejf to the Secrelarj/ of the Nuvy, ''^ I V, a. a. haaisofi, ojf' Niaffuraf May, '28, 1813. Sllft— Agreea^^le to arnnig^emen^ which I have ulready had ihe honor of cl^^ilinf^ to you, I l^fi hackel^tt Harbor ou th« 22d inst. wilb al^oiit ^0 of Col. M*Conil/s regiment uu board-— the winds beit^g light froDi the westward, 1 (lid not arrive in the vicinitv of Niagara before the 25th; tht other |>arts of the squacfron had arrived several dayu before, and landed their, troops. The Fair American and Pert f had ordered to ^acket*s Harbor, foi; the purpo.se of walcli. in(( the enemy*s movements at Kingstun. I immediuiely hud an interview with Gen. Dearborn, for the pur|)oue ot* in;)king arrangements to attack t^e enemy at) soon as {tos- sibie, and it wa» agreed (letweeu hino^and myself to make \\w attack the moment that the w,eatljer was such as to aU low the vessels and boats to approach the shore with safet). On the 26lh, I reconnoitred the position for landing ihc troops, and at mght sounded the sho^e^ and placed hjuoys lo spnnd out the statioiis for the small vessels. It was agreed between the General and myself to mi^ke the attack the next morning (as the weather had moderated, and had eve- ry appearance of beinff favorable.) I took on board of the 1(1 adison, Oneida, and Lady of the Lake, all the heavy ar- tillery, and as many troops as could be stowed. The re- mainder were to embark in boats and follow the fleet. At S yesterday morning the signal was made for the fleet lo vreigb, and the troops were all embarked on board of the boats before fou^, and soon after Gens. Dearborn and Lewis came on board of the ship with their suites. It be- ing however nearly calm, the schooners were obliged to sweei^) into their positions. Mr. Tiant in Uie Julia, and Mr. Mix in the Growler, I directed to take a position in the mouth oi t; e river, and silence a battery near the light h6u«ie, which from its position commanded the shore where the troops were to land. Mr. Stevens in the Ontario, was directed to lake a position to the north of the light house, so near the shore as to enfilade the battery and cross the tire of the Julia and Growler. Lieut. Brown in the Governor Tompkins, I directed to take a position near Two Mile creek, where the enemv had a battery with a heavy gun. Lteut. Pettigrew in theCotiqiiest, was directed to anchor tu the soatbeost of the same battery, so near in as to open on it HISTORY or THS WAR.« S06 in the rear, and cross llie fire of the Gov. Tompkint. Lu .M'Phersoii iu Ihe HaiuiUuii» Lieut SmiUi m Uie Attp, and 31 r Osgood in Uie Bconrge, were directtMl to anchor cIonc to the shore, and cover the landing of the tr(to|>tf, and to scour the woodit mid plain wherever ihe enemy lumle his appearance. All tltette orderH were proaiiAly and gallant- ly executed. All the vessels anchored Within lunsktt shot ot' the shore, and in ten uiinnles after they o|)ened upon the batteries, they were completely silenced and abandoned. Our troops then advanced in three brigades, the advance led by Cul. Scott, and landed near the fort, which had been silenced by Lieut. Brown. The enemy, who - bad been concealed in a ravine, now advanced in great force to the edge of the bank to charge our troops. The schoon- ers opened so well directed and tremendous afire of grape and canister, that the enemy soon retreated from the bank. Our troops formed as soon as they landed, and immediately ascended the bank, charged and routed the enemy in every direction, the schooners keeping up a constant well direct- ed fire upon him in his retreat towards the tawn. Owing to the wind's having sprung up very fresh from the east- ward) which, caused a heavy sea directly oti slwre, 1 was not enabled to get' the boats off to laiid the troops from the Madison and Oneida, before the first and second brigades had advanced. Capt. Smith with the marines, landed with Col. M*Comb*s regiment, and I had prepared 400 seamen, which I intended to land with myscif. if the enemy bad made a stand ; but our troops pursued him so rapidly in- to the town and fort George, that I found there was no necessity for more force ; moreover, the wind had increas- ed so much and hove such a sea on shore, that the situa- tion of the fleet had become dangerous and critical. I tlierefure, made a signal for the fleet to weigh, and order- ed them into the river, where they anchored immediately alter the enemy bad abandoned fort George. The tuwa and forts were in quiet possession of our troojis at 12 o'clock, and the enemy retired in a direction towards Q,neenstown. ui \f. Capt. Perry joined me from Erie on the evening o(. the 25Mi, and very gallantly volunteered his services, und 1 ha vie much pleasure in acknowledging the great a^isisiauce li A • i 'P\ ! i M ! • ^m v> f 'J i t . !l Mil 1 ilS ; • ;ii; U i ;[ r { t I 1. 106 HrfirroRT or the war. which I received from him. We lost but one killed and two wounded, and no injury done to the wenneln. ISAAC CHAUNCEY. ■* Com, Chauncey to the Secretary itfihe Navy, V. S. Hbif» MadiMun, backet*9 Harbor, June 4. 1813. SIR — I have the honor to present to yon, by the hand» of Lieut. Dudley, the BritiNli staadard taken at York, on the 27th of April last, nccompanied by the mace, orer which Aunffit hmnan SGALP.-^These articles were taken from the Parliament houne hy one of my officers, and presented to me. The scalp I caused to be presented to Gen. Dear, born, who I believe still has it in his possession. I also send by the same gentleman, one of the firitiah flag^iakea at fort George on the 27lh of May^ <*.m »»» rt? vmti^-n .,,,.-.. I gnye the honor io be, &c. *'>**- ISAAC CHAUNGEY.'f> -. .f , ■I- i^i^^i. • Lieut, Chaunceyto Com. Chauncey. • ^■"■■' " ' Sackett's Harbor, June 18, 1813. SIR — ^According to your orders of the 14th inst. I pro- ceeded off Presque Isle in the schooner Lady of the Lake. On the morning of the 16th I fell in with and captured the English schooner Lady Hurray, from Kingston bound to York, loaded with provisions and ammunition. finclosed is a list of one ensign, 15 non-commissioned officers and privates found on board, with 6 men attached to the vessel. m '^m^'-* w s*n^ ur^ x m$im-^ »»> I have theiionor tc be, &c. WOLCOTT CHAUNCEY. ■N«i: i*. fi. ' Batik at forty mile Creek, Upper Canada. Gen Vincent having taken his stand at forty mile Creek, «bout 33 miles from fort George, after his defeat at the fort, Brig. Gen. Winder was sent in pursuit of him. On the 4th of June, Brig. Gen. Chandler, with another detachment, was sent off from fort George to reinforce Gen. Winder, jind arrived at Head Q,uarters the 5th. A deserter from the American cam|i informed Gen. Vincent of the situation of the army, and gave him the countersign ; in five min- iites the whole English army were in motion, and at two o'clock on the morning of the Gth entered our camp. The HMTTORY OF TWM WAtt. .1 307 iwt> C^A\en\%t Winder and Chandler, iu endeavoring to form llie iruo|>8, and the fteputy qiiarter-i lanter General Va'^deventer. were surrounded and Itiken |>rUoners. Oar army formed immediately and attacked tlie enemy at the point uf the bayonet, which soon occasioned a (general route, the enemy taking off his prisoners^ and leaving Col. Clarke, sixty prisoners, and 2d0 kiUelh ultimo, 1 received a letter from Gc'n. Dearborn, requesting me to repair to this 'post for the pur- SDse of taking command. Knowing that Lieut. Col. iackus, an officer of the first regiment of dragoons, and of experience, was here, I hesitated, as I would do no act which might wound his feelings. In the night of the 2tflli I received a note from this officei, by Maj. Swan, deputy quarter- master Gen. joining in the request already made by Maj. Gen. Dearborn. I could no longer hesitate, and accordingly arrived at this past early in the morning of the 28lh. These circumstances will explain how I came to be in command upon th's occasion. Knowing well the ground, my arraugeiuenti^ for defence, in the event of aa attack, were soon niatle, ..',... «,.,,., ,,,i, ■ .. '^ In tile course of the morning of tlie 28t)i, Lieut. Chaun- cey, of the navy, came in from tlie lake, firing gumi'^ of alarm. Those of the same character, intended to bring in the militia, were fired from the post. The enemy *8 fleet soon alter appeared accompained by a large njmber of boats. Believing that he would land on the peninsula, commonly.cailed Horse Island, I determined to meet hini at the water's edge with such mililia as 1 could collect, and the Albany volunteers, under the command of Lieut. CoU Mills ; Lieut. Col. Backus, with the regulars, formed a se- cond line ; the care of fort Tompkins was committed to the regular artillerists and some volunteers^ and that of Navy Point to Lieut. Chauncey of the navy. If driven from my position, Lieut. Col. Backus was ordered to ad- vance and meet the head of the enemy's column, while rallying my corps. I was to fall on its flanks, [f unable > I »*'<•*". »■ 4 3 'J 208 histhhy or rne wa«. ) t ij...ij ber«»torefti»t th« eneiny*ftattarki Lieut Chaoncey woi ig Ihat case to destroy the Mtoren, Nic. nnd retire to the south ■hofe of the buy, east of Fort Vitlaiileer, while I proceed- ed to occupy thill fort as our dernier resort. In the courne of the 27th nnd during the nights of lh« 28th and 2i>ih ultima, a considerable militia force came in, and were ordered to the water side, near Horse ishind, on which was Lieut. Col. Mills and his volunteers. Oar strength at this point was now d()0 men — all anxious tor bullle» as far as profession would go. The moment it was light enough to discover the approach of the enemy, we found his hhi|>s in line between Horse Island and stony Point, and in a few minntes af\erwar(ls 33 large bonis filled with troops, came oflTto the larger Indian o>*G;irden Inland, under cover of the fire of his gun bouts. My orders were, that the troops should lie close, and reserve their fire till the enemy had approached so near that every shot might hit its object. It is, however, impossible to execnte such orders with raw troops, unaccustomed to subordination. My orders were in this case disobeyed. The whole line nred, and not without effect — but in the moment while I was contemftlating this, to my utter astonishment, they rose from ibeir cover and fled. Col. Mills fell gallantly in brave but vaiii endeavors to stop his men. I was person- ally more fortunate. Gathering together about 100 niiii. iia, under the inimedinte cummaod of Capt. M'Nittuf that corps, we threw ourselves on the rear of the enemy *8 flank, and I trust, did some execution. It was during this last muvemetit that the regulars un^. r Co!. Backus, first enira- ged the enemy — ;j'ur was it long before they defeated him. , Hurrying to this point of action, I found the battle still raging, but with obvious advantage on our side. The re- suit of this action, so glorious for the oflicers and soldiers of the regular army, has already been communicated m my letter of the 20th. Had not Gen. Prevost retreated most rapidly under the guns of his vessels, he would never have returned to Kingston. The enemy's force consisted of 1000 picked men, led by sir George Prevost in person. Their fleet consisted of the new ship Wolf, the Hoynl George, the Prince Regent £arl of Moiraj two armed schooners, and their gun and Otherboah». "'^" ^"^^'^ ^^^V"'^^*'' ' - "'!■ . ' JACOB BROWN. aifTORY or rum >r^m. M> AMKRIGAN LOW. Killecl 81 — wounUetl 84 — mining dO. HHiTisa wm. Killed 99— wo«nii«d ll2«^prifooena5. {\ Oen. Ltfvit iotMe Sucnianf of War. .; ^v 8a(k«U't Harbor, July 20, 181B. [Exlraci\ 81 R — Our fleet has gone out of tho inn^r hirltor, ami appearaiicei aro in favor of its going to sea in 48 hours at farthest. A Hltle expedition of volunteers from the country, to which, by the advice of Com. Chauucey, I leut 4fO soldiers, sailed from hence three days since on board of two small row boatN, with a six pounder each, to tlie bead of the St liswrence, where they captured a Hne gun boat mounting a 'it flounder, 14 balleaux loaded with ammunition, 4 ofii;p cers, and 61 men. Two of our schooners went out and convoyed them in. 'yriv^Mtx ^ Oen. Harriton to the Secretary of War, H. Q, Senecat August 6, 1813. I have the honor to enclose you Major Crogbairs re- port of the attack upon fort Stephenson^ which has this mo< inent come to hand. With great respect, &c. •iiiMJwft^Tfj-j'iriii'b;! ti oiiMk-^ W. H. HARRISON. > rlMtf)<»(| B Major Cro^han to Gem Harrison. hvwer Saiujbishif 9 August 6, IS13, Dear Sir-T-I have the honor to inform you tUattbfB com- bined force of the eiieioy» Amounting t^ ^t least 500 regu- lars and seven or eight hundred Indianii, under the imme- diate comouind of Gen. Proctor, niade }i» appearance be- fore Uiis placcv early on Sunday evening last, and as soon as the Gen. had made such a dinposition of \n% troops as would cut oft' my retreat, should 1 be dispoise.- M ^^ ,\''-f A; m\i O Ji '>.u.i. 9IU ;i HfttTORY Of TUB WAR. i, :r 'i I lar)^e, should induce me to turrender it. So ftonu a» tin flag bad returned, • brisk fire wm opened open ns fruni ibt* gunbuatN in the river and from a A 1-2 inch howitzer uti shore, which wai kept np with little intermitMioti throui^huut the night. At un early hoor the next niorninff, three sixes (which had been piticed during the ni{rhl withm 2«50yan)k of the pickets) bfq^n to play opon u«, hut with iiltle eft'ccl. About 4 o'clock P. M. discovering^ lliat the fire from all his gnnn were concentrated agsiinst the north-western nn^\% of the fort, I tieeanie conhdeut that hiii object was to muke it breach, and attempt to storm the works at that poiht I therefore ordered out as many men as couid be em|rioyed forthe purpose of stiengthenmp;' that part, which was so ef. fectnatly secured by means of bagn of flour, sand, 'Sec. thiit the pickeiinsjf suffered little or no injury ; notwithstanding which,thc enemy about 500, having formed in a close oolutnn advanced to ussault our workti at the expected poiiiN at ihe same time makings t\^ o feints on the front of Capt. Hunter's liueD. Tile column which advanced against the norliuwes- tern angle, consisting of about 350 men, was so enveloped in !tmdke, as m^t to ixi discovered until it had approached within 18 or 20 paceii of the lines, but the men being all at their posts and ready to receive it, commenced so heavy and gidjiiig a fire as t6 throw tlie column a little in. to cohfiision ; l>eing quickly rallied it advanced to the outer works and bfgnii to leap into the ditch. Just at that mo- ment a fire of gh»|)e was opened from our G pounder (wfiichlKid been previously arranged so as to rake in that if it'e<^tiOri) which tc^ether with Ihe inusketry, threw them itito suiih confusrotf that thffy were compelled to retire pre- cipitately to the woodsi I ) •liHftK !(! . , (f»/|}# inu " ' "l>nrifijg' the assaiiltji which lasted about half an honr, an {titessantfire was kejil up by the enemy's artillery (which ic^nsisted of five sijtes and a howitzer) but' without? effect. 3^^enty Rtnn(^ of arms, aiid several braces of pistols have bfeeiicollectedWir the works. About thrtc in the morn- ing the e'nemy sailed SS. . -r* ^,;^^ ^.-i^,. ^,»i irM'ii' hh oi I Killed i — wounded 7. / j*m omirjiia ?*h! 'itr^fi'f ^-'■r . , BRITISH LOSS. ■• ■■^'- .r-vi'.' Killed 52 — wounded &S — prisoners 25. mflTOET OF THC WAE. Sll By » teller from Gov. Hunlinf^ton, dalcd LttPtfr Strn^ dufikjf, Auff. 4f il Api^eani Ilixl Major Croglmirii fvrce wn% ' )/and tliatof UieeiieiDir, biX). It further MUt«>t llml the nteniy lost 40 m«n killed in the ditch with Lieut. Colonul Short, and novcral oHicerni aiidabout llio same number of reifulani nhile advaiicini^ to the ailack, iMwideM Judianiii Our loss was one killed, uud lire wuutidtd.-— The enemy ^ killed and 9i> priKonerH. * What will Gen. Proctor say, wlien be finda he hoH l)een baffled by a youth but junt pa«iset. Jume» JAtvrencie, .ind Lieut. Auyvslus (f. Liid/onj, hatt retuleredit my duly to inform you of the capture of the late U. 8tat«s frigate; Ciiesapeake. ,1 -, . '.'■ On Tuesday, June ],at8»A. M. we unnaoored ship and ut Hit I'idian got under way from President's Koads» with a light wind from the southward and westward, aiid proceeded on a cruise. A ship was then in sight in the offing which had the appearance of a ship of war, and which, from information received from pilot boats and craft, we believed to be the British fri gate Shannon. We made sail in chase and -cleared »bip for action. At half past 4 P. M. she liove to, with her head to the southward and eastward. AtS, took in the royals and top-gallaitt-sails and at half past five hauled the courses up. About 15 minutes before G, the action commenced within pistol shot. The first broadside did great ex.ecution on both sides, damaged our rigging, killed amoHg others Mr. AVhite the.. the sailing master, and wounded Capl. .|jawrence. lu/ about 12 minutes after the commencemeot of the action, we fell on board of the enemy and immediately after one of our arm rhests on the quarter-deck was blown up by a hand grenafUe thrown from the eiiemy's ship. In a few minuter one of the Captt. aids cameoii the ^undeck to in- form n.e that the boarders were called^ : I immediately called liie boarders awa) and proceeded , to lbfe;i*|>5ff deck, where lij: ¥ 1 in mi 1 1 1 1 s «r i¥^ ■' ii i; ! ''if; !| I'! I ,o| H t I'' ' !;ji2 HISTORT- OF THS WAfi^ I found thai enemy had succeeded io boarding^ u» and bad gained possession of our quarter deck. I immediatelv gave orders to haul on board the fore tack, for the purpoM; of shooting the ship clear of the other, and then made au at. tempt to regain the quarter deck, hut was wounded and thrown down on the gun deck. 1 again made an effort to collect the boardens, but in tlie mean time the enemy had gained com[)lete possession of the ship. On my being carried down to the cock-pit, I there found Capk. Lawrence and Lieut. Ludlow both mortally wounded ; the former ]ikad been carried below previously to the ship*s being board- ed ; the latter was wounded in attempting to repel the boarders. Among those who fell e^rly in the action was Mr. Edward J. Ballard, the 4th Lieut, and Lieut. James Broom of marines. I herein enclose to you a return of the killed and wound- iBd, by which you will perceive that every oflicer, upon whom the charge of the ship would devolve, was either filled or wounded previously to her capture. The Shannon had, in addition to her full complement, an officer and 16 men belonging to the Belle Foule, and u part of the crew belonging to the T^nedos. } fiave the honor to be, 8cc. '^' ^ f < ' GEORGE BUDD. ^ •'''" .' '• ' AMERICikN LOSS. i..._.. hiu. .u Killed 60— wounded 86. ' ^* '■ ' ' BRITISH LOSS. • 'i' • ' • Killed 27— wounded 58. i 1 '' Com. Chauncey to Secretary of the Navy. U, S. S. Gen. Pike, off Niayara, Any. 4, 1813. [Bxtract,] SIR — On the 25th I was joined by the Pert, and on the 27 Ih by the Lady of the Luke, with guides, and Oapk. Crane*s company of artillery, and Col. Scott, who had very handsomely volunteered for the service- After conversing with Col. Scott upon the subjiect; it was thought advisable to take on board 250 Infantry, which by the extraordniary exertions of that e^^cellent officer, were embarked before six o'clock the next morning and arrived and anchored in the harbor of Yurie, at about 3 P. M. oii the 3 1st, run the schooners into the upper harbor, landed ^he^mannes aud aoldiers under the commuud of Col. Scot|^ Ii > BISTORT OF TBE WAR. 218 without opposition, found !)ever.; t>i<.'- -; I have the honor to be. &c. ISAAC CHAUNCEY. t« CAPTURE OF THjfi DOMINICO. Capt. John H, Dent to tlie Secretary qft/ie Navy* Charleston, Aug. 21, 1813. [ExtracLl I have the honor to inform you tliat the pri- vateer schooner Decatur, of this port, arrived here y ester- ^ day, with H. B. M. schooner Domiuico, her prize. She was captured on the 15th inst. after a most gallant and desperate action of one hour, and carried by boarding, having all her officers killed or wounded except one mid- shipman. The Dominico mounts 15 guns, one a 32 pounder on a pivot, and had a complement of 88 men. She was one of the best equipped apd manned vessels of her class I have ever seen, The Decatur mounts 7 gans» and had a complement of 103 men. I have the honor to be, &c. ,■ . ,i - V ^' .rOHNH. DENT, t AMERICAN LOSS. at J/ Killed,5 — wounded 14. :-( , . .* u 'f BRITISH 1.0SS. Killed 18 — wounded 42 — prisoners 7(X »frfi.: Burning of Sodas, N, Y. — Sodus was the first tow» burnt in this war. This was a handsome little village of about 40 houses. The British appeared off the place, the 17th June, 1813, but finding a considerable miUtiaforce, put offinto the Lake. The militia were disbanded on the 20th YyJsfen the eaemy a^ain returned, and effected a laoding.— - r';!ri ) I ■ < — - i t)l'l 1II8TORT OP THE WAR. ii:: !i! I ': • ( I ! m t ^: 'i! ■' i K ,' ■} . ix. \''- ■ ' , ■ St. ■ ! \ '■ - *\ I \ ^ '• '' 1 ■ ■ ' .'i i ■■ '■ ! i If . 1 • 1 ' ' : ?. '■'! ! ' ' •' ■ - , i' ■'' ' J:i . ■ I ■ i J- ,(■ M i ! 1 ^a \k ill Finding llie public stores, chiefly removed, Uiey iminedi. ately set fire to every valuable house in the villn^re, and re- turned to theirvessels, after suffering a loss of 4 killed, and several wounded, by a few 'citi/ens. The enemy's force consisted of the Hoyal George, Earl Moria. Prince Regent, Simcoe schr. and several small boats and tenders. Ailuck on Craney Island. (Vir.) — On the 20lh June, the British attempted a landing on this Island, for the pur- pose of more easily conquering Norfolk. Thirteen 9k\\\i<* of the line anchored ofi' James river, from which about 3600 troops were embarked for Craiiey Island.— Com. Cassin, of the gun boats, and Capt. Morris, of the Constellation frigate, manned two batteries with 260 men on the point of he Island to receive them ; the remainder of the force, 200 were stationed on the beach. At '8 o'clock the btug-es attempted to laud, but were driveni back, with the loss uf 5250 killed and wounded, and 4.5 prisoners, and their lar- gest barge, which was sunk, with 75 men on board ; llie boat and 20 men were finally saved by the Americans— our loss was 28 killed and wounded. ^- •!' •(<■ .ti// ,v„^ Capture of Hampton. — The 25th of June the force that attempted Craney Island, landed at Hampton, and carried it after a gallant defence made by our militia^ 4d() strong, for forty-iive minutes. The enemy attacked us by land and water ; their land force was about 2500 strong, of whom 400 were riflemen. After our men were complete- ly surrounded, they saw that they must either surrender, or break their way through the enemy's lines. They resolved wpon ilie latter, when the gallant Maj. Crutchjicid, led tliemon, and broke the lines, and made good their retreat, after killing and wounding 200 of their adversaries. Our loss on this occasion was seven kilted, twelve wounded, and twelve prisoners. A scene now commenced sufticient to chill the blood of the Savages, and even put them to the blush. * To give you, sir, (says Maj. Crutchfield in his official account to Gov. Barbour,) an idea of the savage-like dis- position of the enemy, on their getting possession of the neighborhood, would be a vain attempt. Although sir Sidney Beckwith assured me that no uQeasin^ss need lie COUIl 'I hiiviiii cold every willin< uhundi violeni presen no mo Cen nmiiioil ()ings, witht they b< uudiui ) 4fj^(e\(^l?U: HISTORY OF TUB WASt. 216 felt, in relation to the unfortunata Americans, the fact in that on ye»ter(l:iy, [two (lay» after tlie biittle,] there were several Ueall Uiilies lying unburied, and the wounded not even aed at the point of death, for more than six weeks, shooting his wife at the same time, in the hip, and killing his faithful dog ly- ing under his feet. The murdered Kirby was lying last uijfht, weltering in his blood.* . ..y.= 51,4 Capt, Cooper to Lieut. Gov. 3Itdlori/, \ iV [Extract.] SIR — * The enemy look possession of Hamp- tati, with upwards of 2(H)0 men against those above men- tioned, with the immense loss of upwards of 200 killed and woiknded, on their part. We had about o killed, 10 wounded, and 4 prisoners, — the balance have been ac- counted for. ' I was yesterday in Hampton with my troop, that place having been evacuated in the muniing. — My blood ran cold at what I saw and heard. — Teai-s were shedding in every corner, — the infamous scoundrels, monsters, destroy' ed every thiny, but the hmises, and (my pen is almost' un- wilhng to describe it,) the n'omen were ravished by those abandoned ruffians. — Great God ! my dear friend, figure to yourself our Hamptun females, seized, and treated with violence by those monsters, and not a solitary American present to avenge their wrongs! ! But enough — I can say 110 more of this.* Certijicate. The eikcmy robbed the Pulpit and Com-r munion Table, in the Episcojial Church, of all the trap- pings, &c. together with all the plate, although inscribed with the name of the Donor, and of the parish to which they belonged. They committed Rape in many instances aud murdered asick man in Ins bed, and shot a ball through ! ii .= i hi $ 5 i^to HISTORY or TUB WA«. -1" 'U i ! his wikVs Ihigh ; ihey wantonly destroyetl every species of property that they had no use for, ami, in fact, even strip. ped the shirt off tlie back of George Hnpe^ sen'r about 70 years of age, and took the shoes from his feet, after prick- ingr hioi with the bayonet. ^^i v" JOHN WESTWOOD, BampUm. Murder of John B. Graveg. — Mr. Graves was a mem- ber of the 23(1 re, Gen. Proctor attacked oor pickets at day break ; after a short engagement, in which tlie enemy hatl 15 killed, and one Capt. an, surrendered 8f prisoners. * : -^ A* unroaY (mrtm wab. ^11 Coi }Vm. Ri&iitti k>t V'mcttii^ir^iih C73 men, chiefly voliintean* from' Kentutk^ antt Ohio, inarched from V il- louia on t^K ''^h J«ii«, tor khvpurpOMe of relieving the frontier inh&bHanii of the Mvuf^eg. In inorchiiif through their ouunUvylbnrti^dDiit they tiiicoecded iii cloMtruying six> teea eif tbeife* i^)Uig<^ anwl ^ ooiisl ^ j ? -v » ^n tjH t iiii ti t« I I't '^ »>v; h r^ .1 jffhX.'^ 'ittsff «r [i mm ife> ^>e BISTOBVl OF TAB WJ ' '1 i 1 ^ 1 i :l;,ii in i i'l /, r ! 1( ^ ! ■ i I hi Xn.(i(>..i3pic BURROWS' VICTORir/. uU ^..V) i r^ 1 ! ! < X/ettA J/' CuU lUtJIhe Sevtetartf of tke Navy, \> u i; V* Klhiff Eniaiptiisae, Pniitmd, lih Sk/M. i8ia U »t ilcvulveH oit m^ilio aor|ulM(jut yoii'^ifiith ftbe result ot the pruitte. After Hailing fruin FortHmonlliontbe Ui \i\%\, \iie sleereti to tlie easlwarti ; atid oli tiie luor.aing of the 3d, oO'AVuod liilaud, diikcovictitid a tic4ioo{tt^r,.uihich wechasfd into this h-.irltor, where ue uiichoreil. On the uioniing ot Ui« 4tj),>weight>i( anchor, and swept out, and coiiiiiuied our cour!«^ to the eastwardJ iHaviik^trvdeivcd inforiuaiion of «evt>'al pri>vat(;ers^ beingf.otf Maiibagan^i Nve »to64 for. that place ; ^nd on the fotbwii*e iuoni»u^ialiie2 bay near Pen- cil! .Foittfty di§oeretied al brig ' gelthinj; nnidvr way, which apjxfuredito be a.yeMsel of war, nmdk to wh»oh we unmedi- ateiy gavje chase» She>^re(l.^eve|'aliguni$^!aodr stood for us^ bavifig foHi' ensigns hoisted. / Afti^iviecdnuoiterihg and discovering her force, auift the nation tto.wiiich she 4i«ldng- €d, ,Yie bauied ;U^ion a wtjod to ^ncl m^ A»i. the bay, and at 3 o'clock dbortcniilsaiJ^tiickedtorunido'Wii wilii an inleii- tioik to bring Iterito close action. :AMvvenly minutes alter 3 p. M. when within half pistol siM>t,tlie firing, commenc- ed friOidi bolhy and after being wnrtardy kept up, and with some iitauoonvretn^jiitlie enemy hailed and said they had surrendered, abont 4 P. M. Their wlonrs bein^ nailed ta tfte witaitt, cifukl not tie hauled down. She proved to be his B. iVl. brig Boxer, of 14 guns, Samtfel BIythe, Esq^ com^ mander, who fell in the early part of the engagement, hav- ing received a cannon shot through the boily. And I am sorry to add that Lieut.. Burrows, who bad gallantly led m into.acttoti, fell aUo about ihe Siuue time by a mnsket bull, which terminated his exitilence in eight boiirH. The Entcrprize suli'ered much in spars and rigging, and Ihe Busier m spars, rigging, and hull, having many »huts between wind and Walter. :'\ As no muster roll that can be fully relied on has come into my posistssion, 1 cannot exactly state the number kill- ed and wonnded on board the Boser, but from information received from the officers of that vessel, it appears there were between twenty and twenty-five killed, and fourteeu mSTOMT Ol^irllB WAil. $fm wounded. Enclosed is a list of Ihe killed and woimd^ on board the Knterprn^. f have Ihe honor to Ive, M'i'^ BltlTlSIl LOSS. Killed 2i>— Wounded 14— total d9 f > t I>.t{ uj .CHAPTER IX • ■ ■ ■'/! *^f?J '^ - PERRY'S VICTORY. i' u/r Coiw. Perri,i to the Secretari/ of the Navtf. > :f;"d U. S. briif Kiayara, Jjike Erie, tiept. 10, 1813. Mi^ SIR — It has pleased the Almighty to give to the arms of the United States a signal victory ovrr their enemien on this lake. The Britisii squadron cousiiiting of 2 ships, 2 brigs, 1 schooner, and 1 sloop, have this moment surren- dered to the force under my command, after a sharp con- flict. I have' the honor to be, &c. O. H. PERRY, i/ <>s: :jrin }liS. t -ytii-] Com. Perrtf to the Secretary of the Navy, v.\ U, S. Sch. Ariel, Ful-in-bay, Sept. Hi, 1813. SIR — In my last I informed you that we had captured the enemy's fleet on this lake. I have now iiie honor to give you the most important particulars of the action. On the morning of the loth inst. at sun-rise, they were dis- covered from Put-in-bay, where I lay at anchor with the squadron under luy command. , We got under weigh, the wind light at $. W. and i4ood for tliem. At 10 A. M. the wind hauled to S. £. and brought us to windward; form- ed the line and bore up. At Id minutes before twelve, the enemy commenced tiring ; at 6 minutes betore twelve the action conmienced on our part. Finding their fire. very destructive, owing to their long guns, and its being* mostly directed at the Lawrence, I made sail, and directed the other vessels to follow for the purpose of dosing with the enemy. Every brace and bowline being soon shot away, she became unmanageable, notwithstandmg the great exertions of the sailings-master. In this i^ituatioa she sua- n V II f r 1 1( I W'^\ i-u 1 1 ■^■ i ■■ ! ! ■t ' '.It ji Mi ' '' i '■ : -j ' 1 1 r' ; !- ' : f' ' ^ 1 'i' j' 9' i^< ] ; i ; :; » ^J ff ■ • \ ■ 1^' 1 » i ■ ; ' ' ;■ j [ ; Si ; 'i i ^1 1 ■' ' ■ i i ' ' • 1 m' ■i I \ i ■ i J !'■ ' . -' !'■ If 1 i* ' \hy 1 ,i: . : 1 ; ;■ ■ i :i f if ■ ■1 ' * 'If 1 il lil MH MWffOWK jOV XHB WAAtf |»ifi^ lhc|it;Uott upwards jof Iwo hiMiiti wilkiii cauiiitfrrdii*. tance, until every giM wgs reindpred UHelen^AiKl the f reaU erparj^ of her rrew eilhff killed. 0r nrnttmled. Fiiidin;r she could no longer annoy, the enemy* I left her in chart^e of Lieut. YHinall, wlio, 1 wqs conviuced fi'oih the braver^' already displayed by liiin« would do what would cumpnrt with the honor pf the flpg. At half paHi iWo^ the w inU sprinring up,Capt» Elliot wa;; enabled to bring hi^ veHsrI, the ^)iagara, gallnutly into close action; I iromediatt M'enl on board of her, when lie anticipated my wish by vol- untei ring to bring ihft schoonerH which had been kept astern bv the lighincKS of the wind, into close action. It was with unspeakable pain that I saw soon after I got on board the Niagara, the flag of the Lawrence come down, although I was ptirfectly sensible that she had been defend- ed to the last, snil that to have continued to make s show of resi':4ance would have been a wanton sacri^ce of the re- mains of her brave crew. But the enemy was not able to take possession of her, and circumstances soon permitted her flag again to be hoisted. At 45 minutes past two« the signal was made hr * close action.' The Niagara, being very little injured, I determined to pass through the enemy's lines, bore up and passed ahead of their two ships and a brig, giving* a raking iire to them from the starboard guns, and to a large schooner, and sloop, from the larboard side, at half pistol-shot distance. The smaller vessels at this time having got within grape and canister distance, under the direction of Capt. Elliot, and keeping up a ^ell direct- ed fire, th« 2 ships, a brig, and a schooner, surrendered, a schooner and sloop making a vain attempt to escape. Those officers and men who were immediately under my observation evinced the greatest gallantry, and I have no doubt that all others conducted themselves as became American officers and seamen. j.iieut. Yarnnll, first of the Lawrence, although sei^eral tim^i^ wounded, refused to q»U the deck. I have the honor to enclose you a statement of the rela tive force of'the squadrons. The Ctipt. and first Lieut, of .the Q,ueen Charlotte, and first Lieut, of the Detroit w^t killed*— Capt. Barclay, senior officer, and the commandei of the Lady Prevost, severely wounded. The commaoder of the Hunter and Chippeway slightly woUnded. Thei^ --.t: he i^reaU Finding; II charge i bra V try I cumpnit the wind lis vessel, mediati ish by vol- 3een kept iclion. It r I got on irte down, en del'end- le c show i of the re- lot able to perraitted st IWO) the ara» being he enemy's lips and a oard guns, joard side, sels at this nee, under ivell direct- ^ndered, « cape. ilely under and I have as became , first of the ased to qwit nnrroRV ov tk* wab. sidt ION* in kdled and vroiincM I hiive not been able \6 M4Nfr- liiinj it must, ho^^^^ert have l>eeii tery great Very f«iHiecifally, %c. ' M^ ^^hl'}.!. • •..♦•,.1.' O.H. PE^R.,'« . .' • 'I ♦>//! T'ii . '.J (/. & Skk. Ariel, Put-in-baff, Srpt 18, 1«13. *. SIR— rl have caused thfe prisouerH taken cni Itie Kith in!^. to be landed at HandiiMky, and have reqneNtetl Gen. Harri- son to have them marched to Chibcuihe, and there wait Uh- lil your pleaiiare shall be kno>Vn re^peoting ihein. iThf Lawrence has been so entirely cut \i\*, it is absolute- ly necessary she sborJd go into a safe harbor ; I have there- fore directed Lieut. Yarnailto proceed to Erie in her^ with the wounded of the fleet, and ditmmntle and get her over the bar assooh ab possible. The two ships in a heavy sea this day at an« or lost their masts, being mudi injured in tlie action, i shall haul them into the inner bay at this place and moor them for the present. The Detroit is a remlMrkably £ne ship, sails well, sjnd » very strongly built. The Q,ueeki Charlotte isamtich superior vessel to what has been represented. Th6 Lady Prevost is a large Hne schooner. ' Faroe of' tlie Amerieatk aqnadiron, »^' ^ ^ •»^s^'«' '" • littwrenCetO ^uris— Niagara 20*— Caledonia *^Artel 4^-^ Scorpion 2~^Somers 4 — ^lYippe I-— Tigrfess l'^l*orcu- pine l-*-totttl '5ft guns. -^ Forces/ Uie Bfitishs^uadrm, ' ' Detroit 21 gufis-^^oeen Charlotte 18-^Lady P^^^ost 14^ Hunter lO-^Littks Belt 8^Chit)peway 3->-^tota( (jj^ guns. ^ The exact numbef of the eniimy's force has not bfeen as- certained) but I hate good reason to believe that it e^tecd- ed oiirs by nearly too men. -- -. I hav« the honor to be, &c. O. H. PEltRY. ^ AMERICAN tOSe. ,'.♦ 'riliili .. t.f /-.iUl 'i- J! ■fis'.ij^ .^^1'^ ) '.} on KiMed 27— wounded 96. British loss not known. CAPTtTRE OF MALDEN. '■'•': Gen. Harrison to the Secretary of' War. l' '; H. Q. Amhersllmrg, Sept. 2a, ItSlS. " SIR— I have the honor to inform you that I landed' the I army under my command abOttt^S miles below this place ^t 3 -^\ 1 m ..i»t 2U BlSTOUr jOt THJft WASl ;t r} i 4\\\ I I ;. I ^'4 11 b ■ !l! 1(1 luiit iii: I ii! oV.lock ihit evening^, witlioul dppositian, Hwi toiik potivei. Nioii of the town in an hour after. Geik.l'roclorhM retreal. tf(J lo Sandwich with his regular tro<)|M imiU liuliuns, hav. in^ previously burned the fort, rmvy yard, barra(*kK, and public store houses ; the two latter were very exlcnsivr, coverm(^ severiil acres of grouud. I %ill piirsue the cno iny to-morrow, although tht re in noprobubiiity ofniy over- lakin|( Inui, iis he has upwards of omd ilioiiH4i»4i hontet., and >ve have not one m the army. I shail; ihiuk mysell fortunate to be able to collect a sufficiency ifO mount the Gen. officers. It is suppoied liere thai Gen. Proctor in. tends to establish hiu)»elf upon the river tVentfh, forty uiile^ f'roi J Maiden. .iUmnu/ .iwnA [y&rmh '. I have the honor to be, ^p. «'. ' !. WILLI \M H. HARUISON. nmU ku\ -Hjv. ■ '■ •' ' -: v. n.».l l.url < HARRISONS VICTOR!?,* •jiMji'Hl .«.», mU vm) III Gen. HanUoulothe Secretary i^! Wat* .u;^. .ijiii.'. t>Mti ,j(l>;..H. Q' Detroit, Oct. 9t X%\2t. SIR — In my letter from Sandwich of the^ 2dd ullinio, I did myself the honor to inform you, Ihftt Ijwas preparing to pursue the enemy the following day^ Fltom various causes, however J was unable to put the troops in motion until the luorning of the 2d in&t and then to take with me only about one bundled aad ,torly of the regular troops, Johnson*s mounted regiment, and such of i^pvernor Shel- by's volunteers as were fit for a r«i|>id iii$itch, the whole amounting to about three thousand fiv? Amndr^d men. To Gen. M*Arthur(with about 700 effectives) Jhe protecting of this pla^Q and the sick w;as committedfi Gen. Cadi's brigade, and tiie corps of Lieut. Col. Ball* were left at Sandwich, with orders to follow me as soon as the men re^ ceivfd their knapsacks and blankets, MriicU had been left on an island in Lnke £rie« The unavoidable delay at Sandwich was attended with no disadvantage to us. Gen.Froctor had posted himselt at Dalson*s on the right biuik ol the Thames (or Trench) fifty six miles from this place^ where 1 was informed he in- tended to fortify and wait to nn-eive me. He must have believed, however, tltal 1 had no disposition to follow him, or that be had securi^d my cunt inuauce here, by the reports that }ve|re,circulated that tlie Ittdians would ^ittlack aiid destro) flOToftT or Tnv wai. tva tht« ptsec>«podlh* i«fivnrtcc< of Ifie ftrmy ; m ho nr^.. HhI to comiiilHi^e Ike brMkiti}«nf> the bridge* uitiil thif ikig^t of Ibe'ifliiMt. lOii Ikat nif^ht oomrmy reached the n^er, which «H rwelili^^Hvc mile?* from Sandwich, and iione of 4 Nir6:inM eroMiiMliif oiir route, oirer'aM of m *iich '■ we brtd)fe«, amM)tniig>thliniomii\^ i |>rocekled with JohitwohV re- iriment t4v mM; H' poMiil»Wi the blhern. At iM trcoiid iIrUljjfe|)erfect- \y destl'ojrctd, wnfl ftooii refinired and the iirmy eneampod at Drake's' farm, fbulr miles below' Dakion'ft. ' * i > The river Thanlkeg,- nloiY^ the^ bai^» of which onr route lavt iHu Hike 4eep stream, navi^bte for veAsels of consider-^ able burden; after ttie passagfom the bar at its moulhr over whicbythere is' six And a hnlf feet water. ' The bh^giai^o of the army wnti brmight from" Detroit im boats proi^f led by thi-ee giin-liontM, wbioh Com. Perfy hdd tiiminbed for the purpose, a^'well as to cover the pash* iiil^eof th^ army -over theThatnen itseilf, or the inouth» of its tribntnry streams ; the kinkm beintr low and the country; i>c>aerallyopeH (pi*airieK^ as high as T>ilsoirs, the^e vesseN were well cutculated for that purpost*. Above Dalson^it however, the character of the river and adjacent country irt considerably changed. — ^The former, ikoiigh sliW deep, is very narrow and its liiiiiks bij^h and woody. TiKe C(On the propriety ot ieavinsrlhe boats under a ^iv.ird ot'one hundred and fif- ty infautL'y» and 1 determined to truKt to fortune and the lirnvery of my tioops to eftect thej>assage of the river. Be- low a place called Ciiathaiu and 4 miles above Dalson's is the third unfordable branch of the Tliaines ; the bridge over its aioulh had been taken up by the Indians, as well as that at M'Clregor's Mills, one mite above — several hundred of the Indians I'einained to dispute our passage, arnl -^ipon the miivalofthe advanced guard, commenced a heavy fire tioni the opposite bank of the creek as well as that of Ihfe M! :i| •■„fn*^ f' I I I I \ >■ '■■} li 1 i ! Ul BLrronY or .tub wia. tiver. Beliiivid j^ llial Ihe whoUt foro« of lh» tntmy wtg there, 1 haHed the army, foniMd in order of battle, tad broiil^hk up our two Htn-iNmndera to cover the party that were ordered to rapair the bridge— ove thtf bridjife, we found oiie of the- enemy's vessels on ire, loaded with arms and ordnance stores,, and learned that they were a few mileti ahead of us, stiU #n' the right hank of the river with the ^reit body of the Indians. At BowW farm, four miles! from the bridge we liuUed for the night,, found two other veteeis and a large destillcry filled with ordnance and other valuable stores to- an immense amount ill flamea— it wa^ in^possible to put out the firex4\vo twen^-four- on examination, it was found too deep fop the infatUrv. flaving, however, fortunately taken two or three boats and some Indian canoes on the spot, and obliged the horsemen to lake a foot-man behind each, the whole were saftiy crossed by 12 o'clock. £ight miles from the crossing we passed a 4'arni, where a pait of the British troops had en- camped the night before, under the command of Col. Wat- huVtpn.. The dfitachment with Gen. Proctor had arrived UISTORY or THC WAB. ^'» the (lay befure at the M oravinn towns 4 miles tiigher up. Ikiii^ now certainly nt'tir the enemy, I directed the ad* vaiicc of .lohn»un*M rcij^inif nt to accelerate their march for the |)nr|)OHe of procnrin^^ inleliiKence. The officer com- nianding it, ni h xhort time, sent to mfonn me, that bit pro- grcHH WiiN Hlopped by the enemy, who were formed acrotia uur line of march. One of the enemy'tt wan^^onerM being ulsotukcn piMHoner, from the information received from iiim, niid my own ob»ervation, assisted by some of my offi- cerM, 1 Koou ascertained enouf^h of their position and order of battle, to determine limt, which it was pro(H.'r for me to idout. J- From llie place .'^liere our army last halted, to the Mora- vian towns a diHtance of aliout three and a half miles, the road passes through a beach forest without any clearing, and for the tirst two miles near to the bank of the river. Al from two to 300 yards from the river, a swaini) extends par- allel to it, throughout the whole distance. The intermedi- ate p^round is dry, and although the trees arc tolerably thick, it is in muiiy places clear of underbrush. Across this strip of land, its lell appayed upon the river, sup(N)rted by artillery placed in the wood, their right in the swamp covered by the whole of the Indian force, the British troo|)S weredrav;n up. a i The troops almy disposal consisted of about 120 regulars of the 27lh regiment, five brigades of Kentucky volunteer militia infantry, uiid^M- his Excellency Gov. Shelby, aver- aging less than 6ve l.andred men, and Col. Johnson's regi- ment of mounted iiiiantry, making in the w hole an aggre- l^ute, something about d(K)0. No disposition of an army Ojiposed to an Indian force can be safe unless it is secured (III the flanks and in the rear. I had therefore no difficulty III arranging the infantry conformably to my general order ul' battle. Gen. Trotter's brigade of 500 men, formed the iVoiit line, his right upon the road and his left upon the swamp. Gen. King's brigade as a second line, 150 yards ill the rear of Trotter's, and Chiles'^brigade as a corps of reserve in the rear of it. These three brigades formed the fomniainl of Major-Gerieral Henry ; the whole of Gen. Desha's division, consisting of two brigades, were formed fii poteiii'i' upon the left of Trotter. :i ' II i iu 226 IIISTOIIY OF Tin: \V.iU. f ;i' eiiiir convinced that no eulof^jum of mine can reach his merits. The Governor of an independent slate, greatly my superior in years, experience, and in military character, he placed himself under my command, and was not more remarkable for his zeal and activity, than for the promptitude and cheer- fulness with which he obeyed my orders. On the day oi action, 6 pieces of brass artillery weretiik- en, and two iron 24 pounders the day before. Several others were discovered in the river and can be easily procur- ed. Of the brass pieces, three are the trophies of our revo- lutionary war, that were taken at Saratoga and York, and surrendered by Gen. Hull. I have the Honor to be, &c. WILLIAM H. HARRISON. AMERICAN LOSS. Killed?— wounded 22. - ' " ^V -'- ' BRITISH LOSS. '(^";v ^ Killed 112— wounded, not known — prisoners 634. The/ruits of Gen. Harrison's victory independent of the great advantages obtained, are of the British regular army, 609 non-commissioned officers and privates, 2 Cols. 4 Majors, and 10 officers of the line, prisoners ; and 12 pieces of cannon, 6000 stands of arms, 5 gun-Woats, and ammunition and stores to the amount of 1,000,000 of Dollars!! I-?. 1 •• .1 .JfM: »,l SPEECH OF TECUMSEH.* In the name of the Indian chiefs and warriors^ to "Maj, Gen. Proctor t as the representatives of their great fatlur the king. Father, listen to your children ! You have them now all beiore you. The war before this,f our British father gave the hatchet to his red children, when our chiefs were alive. They arc now dead. In that war, our father was thrown on his back by the Americans, and our father took them by « Tuumsth mu fciUed at the battU of the Monwion tomu. Ui w'}i> f The Rewtlulmuay jvar. IIISTOFY OF T^E WAR. 229 that ihe hand wilhoiit our knowledge ;* nnd we are afraid uurtatlHT will do so again, ut this time. Sumnifr before last, when 1 came forward with my red brethren, nnd was ready to take up the iiutchet in favor of our Brilish t'alher, we were told not to be in a hurry, that he hud not yet delerniined to figlit the Americans. Listen ! — Wlien war was declared, our father stood up and gave us the tomahawk, and told us that he was then rrady to strike ihe Americans ; that he wanted our assist- ance ; and that he would certainly get us our lands back, which t! e Americans had taken from us. Listen ! — You told us, at that time, to bring forward our families to this place ; and we did so; and you pro- mised to take care of them, and that they should want for nothing, while the men would go and tight the enemy. That we need not trouble ourselves about the enemy's gar- rison; that we knew nothing about them, and that our fa- ther would attend to that part of the business. You also told your red children, that you would take good care of your garrison here, wliich made our hearts glad. Listen ! — When we were last at the Kapids, it is true we gave you little assistance. It is hard to tight people, who live like ground hogs.f Father, listen ! Our fleet has gone out; we know they have fought ; vie have heard the great guns : but know^ nothing of what has happened to our father, with one arm. Our ships have gone on'' way, and we are much astonished to see our father tying up every thing and preparing to ran away the other, without iettmg his red children know what his intentions are. You always told us to remain here, and take care of our lands ; it made our hearts glad to hear that was your wish. Our great father, the king, it our head, and you represent him. You always told us, that you would never draw your foot off British ground ; but^DOw, father, we see you are drawing back, and we are sorry to see our father doing so without seeing the ene- my. We must compare our father's conduct to a fat ani- mal, that carries its tail upon its back, but when affrighted, he drops it between his legs and runs off. > •- - £> «. i*.-- ; The ladicma nere net included in the treaty ofpfaec in 178S. *- \ Thu Amaicam hadfortifiid Uienuelus at Uu Hapitb. • . if if ( ; I ■>/ •iV m \M / ^' :i'l ! fij • , if (i I J '■ ! i 'it 230 inSTORY OF TUE WAR. Listen, Father ! The Americans have iiotycl dcrcated lis by land ; neither are we Mure thai they have done so hy water ; xe therefore, wish to remain here, and fi^ht uuV ene:ny, if they should make their appearance. li' they de- feat us, we will then retreat with our father. At the battle of the Rapids last war, thu Americans -^^'r. tainly defeated us ; and when we retreated to our falher's ibrt at that place the gates were shut against us. We ueic afraid that it would now be the case ; bul instead of ihut we now see our British father preparing' to uiarcli out of his garrison. Father / You have got the arins -.md aniuiuiiitiun which our great father sent for his red children, li \ou have an idea of going^iway, give them to us and you liiuy ffo and welcome, foi us. Our lives are in the hands ( ,«; Great Spirit. We are determined to defend our la lis, and if it be his will, we wish to leave our bones upon them. Amherstburg, Sept. 18, 1813. V Sy. William Henry Harrison, 3Iaj. Gen. in the service of the V, S. commander iu chief of tlie northwestern urmy^ and Oliver Hazard Ferry, Capt. in the Diavy, and cvm- manding the U, S. vessels on Lake Erie, A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, by the combined operations of the land and naval forces under our command, those of the enemy with- in the upper district of Upper Canada h:>.ve been captured or destroyed ar>d the said district is now in the quiet posses- • jiion of our troops : it becomes necessary to provide for its .government: — Therefore, we d hereby proclaim ai.d hinake known, that the rights and privileges of the inhabi- ^ tants, and the laws and customs of the couulry, as they exist- ^ ed or were in force at the period of our arrival, shall con- tinue to prevail. All magistrates and other civil utficers are to resume the exercise of their functions ; previoutily taking an oatli to be faithful to the government of the U. . States, as long as they shall be in possession n< th^j countiy. , Tiie authority of all militia commissions is sii.spended in said district, and the officers required to give Ibeir parole, ia such way as the officer , who may be a^^pointed by the : ccmmanding Gen. to administer the goveriiment, shull di- rect. . . 'K. irisTORY OF iiii: wab. )23t le lantl and enemy ^^llh- een ciplured I quid possc's- rovitle for i!s )rocla»m ai.d ' ihe inliabi- as they exist- kl, shall con- civil ortit'ers ; previously ent of Ihe I'. snupcnded ill Iheir l)arole, iiileil by the nenl, sl»»n i^'- Tlic ii)lml>ilanls of Kaid (listiict arc proiiii.>cil protection Ui their persons and properly, with the I'xreplion of those ca.'^cs einbrac(!(l by the proelauiution t>f Gen. Proctor^ of llit' — ull. which is declared to be in force, and the powers Iherein assumed transfern d to the ol)icer|[appointed to ad- ini!iister the 'government. Given under onrholtids and seal!), at Sandwich, this ITlh Oct. 1813. (Signed) WM. IIHAimiSON. ' OJJVKRII. PERKY. CHAUNCEV'S VICTORY, Com. Chauncey to the Secrvtary of the Navy, U. S. S. Gen. Pike, Sackett's Harbor, Oct. 6, 181S. SIR — I have the pleasure to inform you, that I arrived here this morning;, with five of the enemy *« vessels, which 1 fell in with and captured last eveinu; off the Ducks. They were part of a fleet of seven sail which lell York on Sunday with 234 troops on board, bound to Kingston. Of ihis fleet five were captured, one burnt, and one escaped; the prisoners, amounting to nearly 30U, besides having Uit- wards of 300 of our troops on board from Niagara, induc- ed me to run into port for the purpose of landing both. I have an additional pleasure in informing you, that amongst the captured vessels are the late IT. S. schs. Julin and Growler, the others are gun vessels. I have the !ionor to be, \c. ISAAC CHAUNCEY. Return of the troops of H. B. l\Vs. De Watteville regi- menty captured in the atmve vessels. 1 Major, 1 Capt. 3 subalterns, I surgeon, 10 sergeants, 4 druuiniers and buglers, 202 rank and file. Officers and marines. — 1 Lieut. 2 master (« mates, 36 seauien and marines of the royal navy, and 4 sailing mas> tersof the provincial navy. .1 . GIBSON, Inspector Geri.^ Something Sinyular. — About the 1st of Oct. 1813. Capt. Morgan, of the rifle corps was sent from SacketCs Harbor, to Gravelly Point, near Kingston, for the purpose of tak- ing possession of the Point. Seeing an English schr. gua boat, he coftcealed his mm, about ($0, nnd sent a small i!i' >■! . i ll iMllfl 11 202 HlSTOhV OF THF. WAR. M, I R- B| 1 ' ' i 1 1: k '1 W '^ 'I .J boat ulong tlic ibe Hhore, wliicli they espied, and gave cboite to ; our men landed, and took to the woods ; the ene- my cuuie near shore, mid sent a party after the fugitives, when Morgan's company rusht-d from their hiding place, nnd gave them such a reception, as either to kdl or wound every one, as they appeared on deck ; a few of our meu waded out and took posxessiou of the gun boat, while those on shore stood ready to fire at the first man who made hh appearance, \\edid not lose a man in this gallant little exploit; the enemy lost 3 killed — 7 wounded and 50 pri- soners. Coin. /?Of/;^cr*, Sailed from Boston the 23d of April, 1813, and returned to Newport, Sept. 26. — After crossing tlie Seas in almost every direction, cruising for some time in the British channel, and on the coast of Norway, without see- ing a public vessel, of the enemy's excepting i 74, ami frigate in company, which chased him three days, often no near as to give, and receive a shot, the Com. returnea to port, to recruit his stores. • . . \ The President captured ths following vessels on her cruise. — Brig Kitty, of 2 guns and 12 men, cargo of cod- fish ; sent into France. Packet brig Duke of Montrose, of 12 guns, and 34 men ; sent to England as a cartel, wilb 78 prisoners. Letter of marque brig Maria, of 14 guns, and 3e> men ; cargo of codfish, sent into France. Schr. Falcon, of 2 guns, and 11 men, cargo of codfish, sent into France. Brig Jean, burnt. Brig Daphne, of 2 guns and 10 men, sunk. Sh'p Eliza Swan, of 8 guns, and 49 men; cargo of blubber oil, ransomed for 5000 pounds sterlitij^. Brig Albert, can^o of pitch and tar, burnt. Barque Lion, of 8 guns, and yd men ; cargo of blubber oil, ransomed for 3000 pounds, sterling. Brig Shannon, cargo of rum, sugar, and molasses, sent into the United Slates. Brig Fly, of 6 guns, ind 10 men ; cargo of cofJ'ee, sent into the United States. His B. M's schooner High Flyer, of /> guns, 5 oflicers, tnd 34 men, brought into Newport; the High Flyer was stid at auction for eleven thousand dollars, i.«. . Col. Clarke to the ISccrttury oj War. Camp, Chazey-Landing, Oct. 15, 1813. It is wilb great pleasure I can inform you oi a success* I'lil attack upon the enemy at Massesquoi bay, on the morn- HTSTORV or nzn WAR. 2^9 \n^ of Uir 1-2ili iiiHt. At this lime I hud only the riflemeti with me, the artillery ninvinf[^ slow and the miiitin protect- w{r Iheir rear. Wc proceeded to the village (Masses- quoi)nnd arrived within 15 4H)(ls of the enemy before we were discovered. iVe found themdra;vn up under Major Powell in a mannnd themselves on the laud Nidet-^they commenced a fire on the left Hunk, but in ten minutes after the first attack (hey laid down thuir arms and surrendered tiiemselves pris- oners of war. **i''*iUi J ')li — Mi»«i-n H. i .» it 1 UitileratandinfT that a force of 200 men under Col I^ck was marching to attack us, I despatched Capt. Finch with his company to reconnoitre them and ascertain their course. He proceeiied with such |>romptness and ability as to sur- prise and capture the advanced ^nsrd, consistmg of cav- alry, excepttni^ one man who escaped, and givmg the iu- lormation, the enemy retreated. tUi-x^ ft] i .» ■ » i,;o»i m i >^/ The prisoners were then put on board our boats and sent 1(1 Hurl ins^ion. Our whole force engaged was 102 — the number of prisoners taken is 101 ; thetr killed^', and woniuled 14. .,. - , i I am, :ir, with respect, &c. '' . ■ ;^ • .f ■'.*■' ;\ ..u.,,u v^iiiiil-iiotlJ .r-.t^uiii Vr ,'iH ISAAC CLARKE. '■(r vti iKi. Massacre at fori jfensaw.— The following' particulars of the massacre at fort Tensuw, is received from Jutdge Toulmin, of Mobile. * The dreadful catastrophe which we have been some- time expecting, has at length taken place ; the Indians have broken in upon us in numbers and fury unexampled. A few days before the attack, (Sept. 1) some negroes of Mr. Girt'vHwho lived in that part of the Creek territory which is inb^^.bited by half breeds, had been sent up the Alabama to his plantation for corn ; three ofUiem were taken by a party o'i Indians. Oite escaped and brought down news o' the approach of the Indians. The officer gave but little credit to him, but they made some further preparation to receive the enemy, and ou Saturday and Sunday considerable work was done to put the fort in a state of defence. Sunday morning tliree negroes were sent out to attend the cattle, who soon returned with an ao- 30 n !i "'HI f,r % ■^ t' ill ! I' ■. if < m d i mm :^i HISTORY OI XHK WAK. !Vi ■ I I ':< I m It I I ^!, -» !Nr :i HtStf! , 'Pi i ' count (hat they had iecn 20 ludiaos. ^-Scouts ' were ^cnt out to asc'erlniu the truth of the report ; they relumed uod declared they could see no sig^s of Indiaut. One of Uic negroes belonging to Mr. llandon was Mrhinped for bnug. ingV ^but ihe} deemed, a false reporl.' — He was sent uut again on Muiiuay» and saw a body of Indians approach- ing ; but atraid vf being whipped, he did not return to Mini's but to Piercers fort; but before hjsstory roulii be eoniniunicaled, the attack was made. The commanding oiiicer culled upon Mr. Fletcher, wiio owned another of the negroes, to whip him also. — He believed the boy, and resisted two or three appltcutions ; but at length they hud him actually brought out fortlie purpose, when the Indians a|)peared in view of the fort. The gate was open. The luiliaiis had to come through an open field lOOyarili wide, before they could reach the fort, and yet they wen within '6i> steps of tjiiie fort at 11 in the morning, l>efore they were noticed. The sentry then gave the cry of * Indians! when they immediately setup a most terrible war-lioo|i and rushed into tlie gate with inconceivable rapidity, and got witliin it before the peojile of the fort had an opportu- nity of shutting it. This decided their fate. Major Bease- ly was shot through tlie belly near the gate; *■ These was a large body of Indians, though they pruba> biy did not exceed 400. Our people seemed to sustain the attack with undaunted 9|>irit. They took possession ot he port lioles in the outer lines of the fort and tired ou the Indians who remained in the field. Sotttc of tlie Indians gt^l upon the block house at one of ihe corners ; butuflci firing a good deal down npon the people they were diiilod«r- ed. They succeeded however in setting tire to a huase near the pickets, from which it was communicated to the kitchen and fi'om tbence to the main dwelting house. Ti?ey attempted to do it by burning arrows, but failed. When the people in the fort saw the Indians retained full possession of the outer court, thai the gate continued open, that their men fell very fast, and that their houses were in flames, they began to despond. Some determined to cut their way through the pickets and escape. Of the vvhoic number of white men and half-breeds in the fort, it is sup- ]x>sed that )»ot more than 25 or i30 escaped, and of these mjiny were wounded. The rest, and -almost ;\1I the mo- '« HISTORY OP TnV WAR. ;A6 ,neii anfl cliildrni ff;)l a jtarrificfl tilher to \\\c wmn of llie (lid ions or to the flames. The biittlo Uksied alioat fi%e iKHirs and a half. * When the buildings were hnrningf And the fewwho re-" mnincd were cxpcHed to the henvy tire of ihe enemy, they lollected as many as they e:tiu \*,v .b>l{ivC ' Notwilhstandinif the hraverj of our fellpw citizens, the [iidians carried all before them, and murdered the armed mid the helpless without ;e forest, his guides left him, which occasioned the army tu halt for three or four days; in the meun time our troops aUem|)ted the enemy *s breast-work, thrown up in the woods by falling trees, digging ditches, &c. and succeeded in completely driving him from his position ; — a {mrty sent rouiul to intercept their retreat was met by one of coiisi^ itiiiiding took place between the two Generals on account of the place of meeting; which, Anally contributed lai-gdy to overthrow the expedition. Hampton immediately or- dered his men back to winter quarters, in this Jarce wp lost 34 men killed ami missing. — Gen Wilkinson I h •ji^ !i • j 036 HiirroBY or tiiu wau. il ' tm h I ■ 'it • 'i \^'i ' i i iii M'os sUliuneil at ^»ckeU*« iliirl>or, nnd coiivo.yuii Iiim nriny 4k>viri) tiie St. Lawi eiire in bosUn, The enemy uliout iMhm>, from Prencolt, Kingslun, Ace. hung on hiit re»r, nnii liar- raniied him continnnllv OnrHrniy arrived ul WilliHniH. bur§^«tbe lllh uf Nov. and wa% obliged Knfuve vbwit imd attack the enemy to save Ihuir bu|iif|i^a|s;c>. The forceN were about equally strong-, baviu^*: tVom I;^ lo li'iOO men enyruyp^d ; each gave wuy by turns — our meu getting- out of anunu. nitioilf left the fieltl of action unmobtitedt and pasHed duwii the Nlreig^btM, \%itliout KetMu^i;' llie enemy aguiih We luxt iu thiH buttle 102 t^oii>cuniqiisiiioned ofiicertf und privates killed, 237 officers and privates wounded, with one ticid piece. and several sfandot' arms : 3 oHicftrH and 28 privates of the wounded were ttiken prisoners. At Cornwall Gen, Wilkinson iirst received intelligence of the difl'ereiit ruule Gen. Hampton had taken ; a council of General otiicei-s i^as held, and it was agreed best to abandon the expedition. AMFkjiCAN loss. Jiff i' Killed 122 — wonnded 261 — mitising 31. >,jrt«>bn < .»'lMt!^ BRITISH LOSS. s.scfKr ■ -bxiiJiVti'. i • vxL?' Killed 210-^wounded 248 — prisoners VI. r^- btu: .'.i;'!f,.i^^'l/ i CREEK WAH. t * ( : t ip ' ; 'f\ i^en, JavhoH to Gov, Blounl, Camp at Ten Islands, Nov. 4,1813. Siii-^We have retaliated foi* the destruction of fort Minis. Oik the 2d mst, J detached Geu. Coffee with a p^t of his brigade of cavalry and mounted riflemen, to tie* tiU'Qy T^tllushatches, where a considerable force of the lioii- tile CiMeeks were coacenti'aled» The General executed this intitiie. A hundred and eighty ^six of the enemy were found dead on the; field, and about eighty taken prisoners; forty of whom have been brought here In the iiunil)€i left, there is a sufficiency but slightly wounded to take cartt of those who are badly. ,ft , < ..Ui^iijr t,, .,.,r - ..» J. herein enclose Gen. Coffee'^ official report of theacliou. i':^'vn> I hav^lhe honor lo be, &c. i.o.fi!.u /, , N> --. . .. - AWDREW JACKSO]?«. HI*rrOHY OF TlflS WA». 387 ■fsi :•; I'joa ^,n '|M Ui'odU ./,V^. CoffTC lo Gen. Jurkntm, Cvim|i at Ten NHiias, Ntiv. 4, If) 13. SIK — I had the lioiiur yestcrilHy, of trauMniittitig you & nhurt ticcoiiiit of ail tiiif» aj^^t'iiieiit thul look place tietween u' ileltt chmciit of about niite hundred meu from my bhgade, with the eiiMiiy ul TalluiilintcheH towns ; the particulars whereof 1 bet; leave hereui to recite to you. PnriiUaiit to vour onler of the 2d, 1 lietaiU i from my brigade of cav- alry uiid mounted riflemen, nine hundred men and officers, aiiu )>rocc;«ded direrlly to the Taliuithatches towns, cros- sing; Coo; ey river at the Fish Dam ford, 5 or 4 miles above this place. I arrived within one and a half miles of the town (dtslaiit from this place south>east eight miles) on the inoniiiig of the ^d, at which place f divided my detach- nient into two columns, the right composed of the cavalry commanded by Col. AUcorn, to cross over a largp creek that lay between us and the towns ; the left colunnn was of the mounted riflemen under the command of Col. Cannon, with whom I marched myself. Col. Allcorn wsa ordered td march up on the right and encircle one half of the town; nnd atthesametimethe left would foriha half circleon the l^ft, arid unite the head of the columns in front of the town ; all of which was performed as I could wish. When I arrived in half a mile of the towns, the drums of the enemy began to beat, mingled with their savage yells, preparing for action;' It was after sun-rise an hour, when the action was brought^ on by Capt. UamniOiid and Lieut. Pattersotrs compaiiieii,' who had gone on within the circle of alignment tor the' purpose of drawing out the enemy from their buildings, which had the most happy eft'ects. As soon as Capt. Ham- mond exhibited his front in view of the town, f which! stood ^ in open woodland) and gave a few scattering shot, the en-' emy formed and niade a violent charge on hi in ; he gav6 way as they advanced, until they met our right cohimn ; which gave them a general fire and then chargM;-this changed the direction of charge Completely ; the enemy retreated, firing, until they got around and in their bniicl-' ings, where they made all the resistance that an overpow- ered soldier could do ; they fought as long as one existed, ' but their destruction was very soon completed ; oilir men rushed up to the door^i of the houses, and in a few minutes killed the last warrior of them; the enemy fought with sav- \ I mm^ '2iiH 1di»4UMr OF THK WAR. i^:infii.| fl i! Mill 1 1 , !i i i 1 i ' 1 i ■ i ! 1 •n ' i' i 'i i 1 ^i i: ' ' ': •■ i- U c ! 11 ! « I ',4 ago fury, uttd lUttldealb wilb nil iU horrors, wilhuut slirmk. in^ or complaining^ ; not one (iftked to b<> npured, bill I'uik^U 80 long as tliey could stand or kit. In consequence ot thi'ir flying to their houses and mixing witli tlue lamdies, our men in killing* the males, without intentioD, killed :\ik1 mounded a few squnws and children, which w«m rt'ii^rillod by every officer and soldier of the detachment, but uhich could not be avoided. Not one of the warriors escaped to carry the news, a circumstance unknown heretofore. .^.. ,... . a JiNO. COFFEE. i»mW. /,!.iii 1 lo. AMERICAN IX)SS. ult'to -»i<«fi iliif! Killed a— Wounded 41.. ,u \/ .uihw *„ nUtyK) [."tiUi l»i«;j»( liHITISH LO!IS„»ri*jb /lii.h KiHed 180— Prisoners 84. -H tt> ^ ;f.ni i, /'j!jr/»rj .*■.; ~~~~ »•» JT/i ik.'Hi ji. II . \'i'w> -*t,-i Gen. Jackson to Gov. Blount. ^ Camp Ten Islands, Nov. 11, 1813. \^EjL'tract.] SIR — 1 am just returned from an excursion which I took a few days ago, and hasten to acquauit ^ou with the result. , ,,, ,^ ,., ,,ti,. j,^,, , ^ui im t}ti\ii Late On the evening of the 7th inst. a runner arrived fromtlic friendly party in Lashley*s fort, (Taledega) dis- tant: about 30 miles below us, with the iiiformatioti that the hostile Creeks, in great force had encamped near the place, and were preparing (t^^estroy it ; and earnestly entreated tl>at I would lose no lime in affording relief. Urged by their situation as well as by a wish tp mee<^. the enemy so soon as an opportunity would ofter, I determMi. ed upon commencing my march thither with all my di;>('C>- sable force ; we encamped that night within six miles of the fort I had set out to relieve. At sun rise we came within half a mile of theii^, qnd having formed my men, I inovedon in battle order. The infantry were in three lines-^the militia on the lei't and the volunteers og the *right. The cavalry formed the extreme wings : and were ordered to advance in acu}t;e, keeping their rear connect- ed with the advance of the infantry lines, and to enclose the enemy in a circle. The advanced guard whom I sent forward to bring on the engagement, met the attack of the enemy with great intrepidity ; and having poured upon them four or five very gallaiit rounds, fell back as they had been previously ordered, to the main army. The ene- my pursued, and the front line was now ordered to advance L18I3. extiursion uaiut vou It ttii\ t! > I c. ,er arrived ileg.i) tlis- iitormation mpetl rie-rtr deariiesliy ii)^ relief. luue*^, the delermiii^ my tli:»i''0- K miles of we came my men, I •e in three era op the : aiwl were ir cownecU to endow ^liom 1 sent lack of the ureii upon 2k as they The ene- to advance lIltTORY OF fnm WAft. 2'M and meet hiv ; the ftre became {general along tlie tint linp, »iid on that part ol' the %ing« which were conticifiiaiit». The enemy; unable to stand it, tie^ii to retreat ; ImU wci« met ul every tdrii, and pursiiL-d in overy direction. 'Vh* n\*Ui wiiif^ cha»ed them with a ni I have thehonortobe, &c. . ANDREW JACKSON. AMERICAN LOSS. Killed lA — wounded 15. BRITISH LOSS. Killed 290 — wounded not known. ii^; J I ti.'i«'r.'i!*> Gen. White $0 Oen. Coche. "••> V Fort- Armstrong, Nov. 24, 181Ji. [Extract] SIR— In mine of the 19tli inst. by Major Outlaw, 1 promised voq a detailed report, respecting, the detachment ordered by you to the Hillibee towns, in tlio Creek nation, in compliance with thtit promise, I have now the honor to state — that under your order of the lltb inst. I immediately marched with the mounted infantry, un- der the immediate command of Col. Rnrch. The cavalry under the command of iMaj. Porter, and a lew of the Che- rokee Indians under the command of Col. Morgan, with very short rations for four da) s only. After destroying two villages containing 123 I>ouses, we marched to the Hillibee tuwii, consisting of about 20 houses, adjoining which was Grayson's farm. — ^Previous to our arrival at that place, I was advised that a part of the hostile Creeks were assem- bled there. Having marohed within six or seven miles of it on the 17th, I disnK)uiited a part of the force under my comrajinfi. and sent them under the command of Col. Burch, with the Cherokees under the command of Col. Morgan, in advance, to surround t|ie town in the night, -and made the attack at day light on ihe IBth. Owing to tlie darkness of the nigltt, the to yn was not reached until ^fterday ligh^— IxU so coniplele ^^•a»* tho snnn*i'nt> y,i iUfM*h\\rt -t^^V^'', t.^. iVilo'. I have the honor to be, &c. ...M JAMES WHITE. AMERICAN I.OSS.': >.i. j ... '':0-i>l-)/.L / ! None. BRITISH LOSS. Killed t)O^Pri.souers 2o0. Gen. FUnjdio Gen. Pinhneif Catahou( he, Dec. 4, 1813. lExlracL] SIR — I have the honor to comnninic ate lo yon an account of the action fought on the 20th. ull.he- tween part of the force Under my command, and a large body of the Creek Indians. Having received inforraalion th;it the hostile Indians were assembled at Autossee, 1 proceed- ed thither with the force under my command, accompanied by about 300 friendly Indians. We encsimped the *28th, at night, within ten miles of our place of destination, ami the next morning by half past G, were formed for action in front of the town. v-. i. .in-i.ii'is'f} ; l It was my intention to have completely surroundec' the rnemy, by appayimj the right of my force on Canlehf creek, at the mouth of which, I was informed, the town stood ; and resting the left on the river below the town;— but to our surprise, as day dawned, we perceived a second town 600 yards below Autossee. The plan of al- luck was immediately changed ; five companies immpdi- ately surrounded the lower town, and the remainder attack- ed the upper. The battle now became general. The In- "'■; Hcrved our front lines. ' The enemy rushed within 30 yardn of the artillery, and C.ipt. Brodiiax, who coniin imlt-d one of the piquet guards, mauitained his post wilh jL^reat bravery, until the enemy gained his rear, and then cut his way through hem to the army. As soon as it became lig;lit enough todibitinguish objects, 1 ordered Majs. Watson s and Tre- man's battallions to wheel up at right angles with Majors Bo)lh*sand Cleveland's battallions, who formed the right wing, to prepare for tJie charge. The order for the charge was promptly obeyed, and the enemy fled in e^'ery direction before the bayonet. Fromtheeflusion of blood, and the number of head dresses and war elnbs found in various directions, their loss must have been'considerable', independent of their wounded. I have llie honor to be, &c. " ■ ' • . ? = JOHN FLOYD, . :'i ;■,,.,. AMERICAN LOSS. ! •; Killed 17 — wounded 132. BRITISH LOSS. Killed 52 — wounded not known. ., f . ., 1 / ^ Gen* Jackson to Gen. Pinkne\f. Fort Slrother, Jan. 29, 18U. [Extract] SIR — I had ordered 800 Tennessee volun> leersto join me on the 10th inst. but ihf.y did not arrive until the 14th ; the next day they, with the force before with me, 130, irarched across the river to graze our horses. The motives which iufiaenced nve to |>enetrat.e fnrther into the enemy *s country were many and urgent. 1 received a let- ter from Col. Snodgrass, informing me that an attack was soon to be made on fort Armstrong, by 900 of the enemy, col- lected from New Youka, Oakfuskee, and Ufauley towns, and were concentrated in the bend of the Tallapoosee." If I could have hesitated before, I could now hesitate no longer. On the 19th I encamped at Entochapco ; here I soon per- ceived how little knowledge my spies had of the country, of the situation of the enemy, or of the distance we were from them, and the insubordination of the new troops, and want of skill in their officers, became more apparent : but my wishes and my duty remained united. Vl\\\i m i^ . If \'\^ 11 *;** 11. 244 UTSTOKY OP THE WAR. i;i r" I .'Hi. f Mll'f -i I ■: I iflj 1 1 1 :\ i ■ i; i ij ■ 1 11 1 ' 1 mi * W« arrived within a few miles ofourcleslinat'oii ihc 21>ii, end encamped on a \\\%\\ piece ol' ground ; alioul lo o*dock at night our picket fired upoii a te w of the enemy, ai^l killed one. At 11 oViock our spies retnrned with infor- ina^ion thut a Urge binly of the enemy were encamped abuut threfi mile» distant. Bein^r prepared at all points^ nothing^ remained to bf^ done, bnt await their approach, or be in readinewt to attack them by day light. The enemy attacked our left Hunk, about t> o'clock in the morning, which was vigoroiisly met by our troopb ; the attack lasted half an hour. So soon as it became light enough to pur- sue the epier — Ihey vyre disappointed — tlie wholeline mcttjie attack wilh tirmness and astonishing intrepidity, and having given a few tires charged with great vigor; the effect was inmiediate and inevitable. Thrf enemy fled with precipi- taliou, and were pursued to a considerable distance with great slaughter. In the mean time Gen. CoHee was con- tending with a superior force, tht Indians having joined my lett. Jim Fife, with 100 friendly Indians, I fnrthwilh ordered to his assistance ; he no sooner reached the spot than the General made a charge, and the enemy were rout- ed and driven three miles, with the loss of 45 slain. I was determined to commence a return march the next morning, Hisvoiiy.Qir T#i« WA». 245 a.s my prumions were nearly coiifuinuil. I con; Ulered it uul necessary to pursue thciu aity farther* u% the object of a general engagemeut wouUl be more certniiily altaiiiedby comiueticing a returu, vbich, to tbeqi, \%ould ba%u the a)>- neuiuiic^ of a retreat, ami would iBM|>in.' (lurm with new courage to (lur.sue me ; . and not prudent because oi iny wounded, the starvint; condiliiui of my horsen, they not having' nt'ither eat com nor cnuolor two days, and of the sccTcity of my provisions- — intluenced by these considera- iioiiii, 1 commencf d my return marcli on the 2:i(l .Mid reach- ed Enolachopco that night. I took a diU'i rent route from the one we came in, to avoid a deep deiilo bdwceu two inountiitns. Having a deep creeL to pn»s i issued a gener- al order pointiig out the manner in whieli the men should be formed, m case of an attack. The front icuiud and the wounded had crossed, vvhen nutdaiui gun was heard in the reur. I heard it wilho^t surpriNC, and even with pleasure, as I cidcuiated on the firmness of my trooi>M, from the mau> ner in which I had seen them act on the 22d. Haymg chosen the ground, I expected to have eutuely cut off the enemy, by wheeling the right a:)d left cotuums ou their pi- vots, recrussmg the creek above and below, and fallmg upon their flanks ami re^r. But to my astouishnient, after a few guns bad been fired, 1 beheld the right and left col- aiutis of the rear guard give way. This sh imeful retreat was disastrous in the extreme; drsiwmg with it the greater part of the centre colmmn, and producing consternation and dismay in the whole army. There was leli to oppose the enemy a few pf the rear guard* the artdlery, and Capt. Russeirs company of spie^ ; they reuli7.cd and exceeded mv best expectations. Never was there more bravei y dis- play td than on this occasion. Amidst the most galling iire from the enemy, more than ieu times their number, they ascended the hilh lu the hurry of the moment, iu separating the gun from the limber^), the rummer and picker were left tied to it. No sooner was this discovered Uian Craven Jackson, and Constantine Perkins, gunners, found means to replace them ; Jackson amidst the galling fire of the enemy, pulled out the ramrod of his musket, used it as a picker, primed with a cartridge, and fired the cannon. Perkins having taken ofi' his bayonet, used his gun as a rami^er^ aud Jackson usin{|; his former plan, again dis* II .it iii i 1 I; \ ■,. \ . ^l^ . i i ' • '1 ■H 1 -1 1 il tM6 UISTOBY 69 TtlE WAR. lilS iJiii n I ;i I ,i! i HI! i ! I i I 1:1 1 m I charged iter. Lieut. ArmAlron|; soon fell, and exclaimed as he iay, * my brave feUotvs, some of you itiay/alli hut ymi must snve the cannon.* AtUiiH time a number vrossed'the creek, and Wintered iuta the chase, when they wer^ pursued more than fwo miles, ileein^ ir» coiisternalioii, throwiiiff avfay their packs, and left 20 of their warriors dead on Ibe ^(d. This lasl defeat waa deciaive. I am, sir, with sentiineiits of rewpect, &c. '^^^ ' ' -ii^iJj'KnM .>i.^:.i .jjfJ.'ANDREVV JACKSON. -jl'>«»f lMM:!/i.^'.'/ ' AMERICAN LOSS.- ''•'■''•''**>. ' ' l"'i. Ji*^! Killed 20— wounded 75^ "^^'i^«^i^' BRITISH LOSS. ' Killed 33d — wounded, not known. v Hi f. I'.'ii '.\J '.'UlJl oilf Gen. Jackson 4o Governor Blount. •- '.J..U u: > , M ^i. .)•; Fort Williams, March 31, 1814. [Ejftract.] SIR — 1 have juiit returned from the e.\pedi- lion which 1 advised you in my lailt 1 was about to make to the Tallapoosee ; and hasten to acquaint you with the good fortune which attended it. I took up the line of march from this place on the morn- ing* of the 21st inst. and having' opened a passage of 62 1-2 milesover the ridges which divide the waters of the two riv. «rsi I reached the bend of the Tallapoosee, three miles he- lyond where i had the engagement of the 22d of January, and at the southern extremity of New-Youka, on the iBlorumg of tlie 27th. Thiis bend resembles in its curva- ture that of a horse shoe, and is tlience called by that name aipong the whiles. Nature furnishes few situations so elli- gible' for defence, and barbarians have never rendered one more secure by art. Across the neck of the bend which leads into it from the north, they had erected abreast-work 4)f the greatest compactness and strength, from five to eight feet high, and prepared with double port holes very artfuUy^arranged. The figure of this wall manifested no less skill in the projection of it, than its construction; an army could not approach it without being expoi»ed I. a double and cross fire from the enemy, who lay in perfect security behind it. In this bend the warriors from Oakfusky, Oakehagu, New-Ypuka, Hillibee, the Fish Ponds, and Eufiiuta towns, •apprisej of our approach, h^d collected their slrenglh. \ UISTORT or THE WAJt. U7 Tbeir exaeud su^ • ,;ri ..#r rti^r ■.(<'! - )•'•'>'•'* Finding that this force, notwithstanding the bravery they displayed, was wholly insufjficient to dislodge them, and: ihat Gen. Coffee had entirely secured the opposite bank nt'the river, I now detennitied to take their works by storm^ The men by whom this \vas to be effected had been waiting with impatience to receive their order, and hailed it with acclamation. , , i :v,rf^u».> : !; •• |t The spirit which anim^ited them was a sure augury of thf success which was to follow. The history of warfare furnishes few instances of a more brilliant attack —the re- p;alarsled on by their intrepid and skillful commander, CoK Williams, and by the gallant Major Montgomery, soon gained possession of the works in the midst of a most tre- mendous fire from behind them, and the militia of the ven- erable Gen. Ooherty^ brigade, accompanied them in the charge, with a vivacity anil firmness that would have done honor to regulars. Thetightingconlin led with some se- verity about live hours :• 7'-'".r .•••?;■■ '"'■I ■:■ :-:■''' !iff?i W fj y 248 niftTokt < •i'lTEAVAK. m; i' I I! Ml lu 1 1^ ■ t . 1 IP ' According In my ori^infil purnOiie, I commenced my r^. turn march for fort Wiiliatlis to-day, and i^liiill, if I find supplies there, haslon to the Hickory ffroUnd. The pmvr •f the Creeks is, I think, fdr ever broken. " - ' • I have th^ honor to be, &c. . » h « f:'"^^;' ANDREW JAC]., «^>,r/, • in ,/i tH|i; :>*• Killed ^fS—Wonnded IOC. 'Hit Ui '\A)fl ,:. BttlTlSH LOSS. " " *'■ rr ' 'to limr] ^'!i7"K'illed8-ia— Prisoners 250]""'''^^ ^'> • an tun (i-yiiiufoiv'y.yul^ ^ ■ j n<>) tinftiMO /rtt h'jliii -5*»)'rT •(;!• f!ji/> 7iir< CHAPTER %l\ /'■tit;^>'i*!'i4- {jon^ hn07«: >(i jfti'i htin } " '/ I'.ui fittr.ru '■ CAPT. PORTER'S CRUIZE! Cetpi. Porter to the /Secretary of the Navy. ' " " U. 8. F. Essex, Pitcific Ocean, .fuly 2, 18 lU. /'^ SfH-^On the 23d March last, I sailed, shaping my ' course to the norlh^vard, and s before, captured two American whale ships, the crews of which (amounting in number to 24 men) were then detained prisoners on board her ; and they assign no other motiv^e for the cap. ture, than that they were the allies ot'G. Britain, and a!> such, should capture all Airiericnn vessels they could fall iu with ; therefore, to prevent in future such vexatious pro. ceedings, I threw all her armament into the sea, liberated the Americans, and dismissed the Nereyda. I then proceeded with all possible dispatch for Lima, lo intercept one ot" the detained vessels, which had parted witli the Nereyda outy three days before, and was so fortuiiale as to arrive there and recapture her on the 5th April, atlbc moment she was entering- the port. This vessel (the ship Baiclay, Capt. Gideon Handall, of New Bedford,) Itook uni.e' my protection, and have had her with me ever since. FimuLana, I [)roceeded for Galapagos Island where! captured the following British Letters of marque ships. Montezuma, 2 guns, 21 men — Policy, 10 guns, 26 men — Gecrgiana, (5 ^uns,25 men — Atlantic, Bguns, 24 men— and Greenwich, 10 guns, 26 men. BiSTORir OF Tini WAE. 249 ea, liberated The Georgfiana being reputed a ver? fani sailer, and ap- pareiill) vtell calculated for a cruizer, I mounted 10 gun« on her and u[ave the conimaud of her to that excellent offi- cer, Lieut. John Dowi:«;(i, with a complement of 42 men. Lieut. JJownes joined ^^^e nt Tumbez* near Guiaquil, on thecuastofPeru. on the 21th June, after capturing three Letter of Marque Nhipn. Hector* i 1 guns 25 men — Caiheriney 8 guns, 29 men — Ru.se, 8 guns, 21 men. I found, by experience, thai the Ceorgiaiia did not de- serve the character given of her for sailing. I therefore sbipf>ed her officers and crew to the Alluutic, and mount- ed on her 20 guns, with a complement of (K) men, and ap- puinted m'.iishipman Hich. Dashiell^ acting sailin|;r master, on board her ; to this vt'ssel 1 gave the name of £ssex Ju- nior. I also fitted up the ship Greenwich as a store ship, and mounted on her 20 guns, placing her under the com- mand of Lieut. Gamble, of the marines. On board her I have put all the provisions and stores ot my other prizes, except a supply of three and a half months for each, and have by this means secured myself a full supply of ever}' necessary article for seven months. 1 had hoped to dis- pose of my other prizes at Guiaquil : the Govs, in Peru, however, are excessively alarmed at my appearance on the coast, as my fleet now amounts to nine sail of vessels, all formidable in their appearance, and they would if they dart', treat us with a hostility little short of declared enemies. indeed, sir, when 1 compare my presient situation with \That it was when I doubled Cape Horn, I cannot bii^. es- teem myself fortunate in an extraordinary degree. There ipy ship was shattered by tem}iestuous weather, and desti- tute of every thing; my officers and crew half starved, na- ked, and worn out with fatigue. Now, sir, my ship is in pnme order, abundantly supplied with every thing neces- sary for her. I have a noble ship for a consort of 20 guns, ' and well manned, a store ship of 20 guns, and well sup- plied with the best of every thing that we may want, and prizes which would be worth in England two millions of dollars : and what renders the comparison more pleasing, the enemy has furnished all. The times of my best men have expired ; but their at- ♦acbmeni to the ship, and theic zeal for lh« service we arts »/ J Off ^;: */ m .>ou::5 n ;K ,v.>w»t"4 ^^t }^ii II f I 360 mSTOSfV 09 THE WAR. I I ' -i li;! I ,( il onu^ffcd nn, prevent all t^omplainLs on that account. It ]% not probable thai you will he.ir of me for several months io roDic, unlesH Mime dittatiter h»ppeii» ; but 1 beg leave to HSHnre you. sir, that 1 fthall not be idle. 1 have the honor to be, kc. »^ •"*''»«' f .!rti 1 jj. PORTER. M.|T. j » Losn of fort \iat/ara. — Gen. M'Clure, almut the first of Dec. 1813, nbanduned fort Gcor^., in Canada, an J burnt llie town of Newark, udjoiniDg it, as a measure, to prevent tlie enemy's occupy inij fort George after he had left it. On Ihe I8th of the Name month, the British crossed to Lewislown, in considerable force, and burnt it to the ground ; when their Allies were set at liberty, and itidulg- ed freely in their brnlal excesses, in murderinjj; our defence- less citizens ; they then attacked and burnt Mancheslcr, and Tnsc'.irora, the latter an Indian town. In the menn time the British attacked fort Niagara, and look it by i^lorni, at 4 o'clock on the morning of Ihe 19th ; the gate beinu o|)en, they stu'prised the picket, and entered the fort I'd'ore they were discovered, when a scene of terrible slaiighttr took place. They were not opposed by any, except a few wounded men in the southeast block honse, and a few of the guard; but, strange as it may appear, the enemy bny- ouetted about 80 of our men, chiefly, after they had critd for quarters. The preceding facts were sworn to before a justice, by Robert Lee, a gentleman of Lewislown, who was in the fort when taken. ! -. • Biitnivff of Bnjfaloe and Black Rock. — Soon after llie storming of fort Niagara, and the burning of Lewislown, &c. Maj. Gen. Hall repaired to the frontiers, for the pur- S>se of collecting a force, (militia) sufficient to defeml uHUloe and Black Rock. From the 22d Dec. to the iOth, Gen. Hall had collected about 2000 troops, militia and ex- empts, but was reduced to 1200 by desertions, on the n)or- ning of the battle of the 30th. In the evening of the 29tli (says Gen. Hull, in a letter of the 30lh Dec. to Gov. Tomp- kins,) at about 12 o'clock, I received information that one of our patroles had been tired on, one mile below Black Rock. The enemy advanced and took possession of Ihc battery neai Conjokaties creek. The troops were imme- diately formed, and stood by their arms. I was not jet IIISTOIIY OF TRE WAR. | 241 U'liutn what point iht- eitfniy ineaiit to atlack. 6«iiif|; anxious to aiitici|mtu tiie eiu'iiiy'M l.imltii*;', ainl meet bun ut |*«c water's ed^e, I gave onlf i'm fur tlie lruo|»H :it llie Kucki tu attack liie tncmy, and dthlodjre tliem troin the battery, and to drive theoi to their buatH. The attfuipt tailed tliroujfb the confusion into whicik ll>€ nnliha \«ere thrownt un thc'tir!4t tire of the enemy, und ihedarkness of the night. I then ordered the corps undvr Major AdtiniH, antt Co\. Ciiapin to make the attack. Thene three detachments were thrown into confusion, and were of no service afterwards. As lite (htv dawned, I discovered a detachment of the en- cmy*K l)oals cru»sino; to our shore, and bendinj^ their course towards the rear of Gen. Porter's hou'^e. I immediately ordered Col. Biakesiie to attack the enemy's force ak the water's tidge. I now became satisiied as to tite disposition and object of the enemy. Tlieir left win^f compos00 meii> the reuiamder hav- ing fled, in spite of the exertions of their otiiicers. These few, but brave men, disputed every inch uf ground, w ith th^ sleudy coolness of veterans, at theexpence of many valua- ble lives. The defection of the unlit. a, and tl>e reserve^i and loss of the services of the cavalry, by reason of tlie (ground on which they must act, left the forctt eitgaged| exposed to the enemy's tire in front and flunk. iVftei* standing their ground for half an hour, opposed by an over- whelming force, and nearly sm'rounded, a retreat became necis:.ary to their safely, and was accordingly ordered, i then made every effort to rally the troops, with a view to at- tack their columns as they entered the village of Buffaloe ; but all in vain. Deserted by my principal force, I fell back that night to Eleven Mile creek, and was forced to leavo- 1( 1 : ill ■ i f.i '^liU i.1 iCil',.' 'MM HISTORY or THE WAA. :i' ! I m!^ m iii III ';ini the douriKhing villn|* ^^Ihmtry, merits the laurel. We took one hundred head of cattle also froip the ene- lDy» intended tor Lono^ Point or Burlington. ~»j3'.;. Vn' ji^^iu 'i h ,U ^u,' >■■'«» 'i'i' v/*' -'i* ' H. BUTLER. .u !l> i >n WARRINGTON'S VICTORY. Capt. ]^arrin(fton to the Secretary of the Navy. -'^' U. S. sloop Peacock, at sea, April 20, 1814. * [Extract.] SIT^ — -1 have the honor to inform you, that we have this moruin^ captured, after aa action of 42 min- HisrronY or the wim. 253 tfteti, his inajetl)f'i bri<; Epervter» rating and mounting 18 ;)i pound cnrronadi!!!, witli 1SH men, of vi hom II \i(re killed and 15 woundrd. Nul a man in th^ Prat'ock «>iis killed, nud only two woundeervier would have been dt-U rmined in ouch iesM time, but fur the circumKlanre of onr f(»r*>->ard Ixfing totally disabled by two round shut in iht* stlarlMturd quarter from her tirttt broadside, which enlir« ly (ieiirivtd us of the useof our fore and fore-top>Hail», aiidcumpeiled us to k<>ep the ship large throughout the ro'mainder of the artion. This, with a few top-maiit and top-galiant back Kta>»cut away, a few shot through our sails, is the ony injury the Peacock has sustained. Not a round shut (oucheil oitr hull) our masts and soars are as sound asi ever. When tbe enemy struck, he had iive feet water li\ his hold, his main-top-mast was over the side, his main boom shot away, h\i fore-mast cut nearly in two and tottering his fori^ rig- ging and stays shot away, his bowsprit badly wounded, and 45 shot holes in his hull, 20 of which were within a foot of' his water line. By great exeitiou, we got her iu sailinj^^ order just as the dark came on. In 15 minutes after the enemy struck, the Peaci rk was ready for another action, iu every respect but her "'jre-yard, which was sent down, finished, and had the fore-sail set again in 45 minutes — suck was the spirit and activity of our gallant crew. The Epervier had under her convoy an English hermaphrodite brig, a Russian and a Spanish ship, which all hauled their wind and stood to the £. N. £. I had determined upon pursuing tbe former, but found that it would not answer to leave our prixe in her then crippled state ; and the more particularly so, as we found she had $120,000 in specie, which we • ir n transferred to (his sloop. Every officer, seaman, and marine did his duty, irbich is the highest compliment 1 can pay them. I have the honor to be, &c. 'nrrAht^K . .;... r , i..,,, u.u ,.. I,. WARRINGTON. ' , • ''/■■f^ '■' ■ AMERICAN LOSS. " ■ •• •-'••» Killed none — wounded 2. .' ?;;,,' BRITISH LOSS. '^ 1 / ]K.illed 11 — wounded 16 — prisoners 117. >'• :t>.' !.'J I \);i m m \ ,r^'ir .<^^■• -: 254 HISTORY OF THE MAIL '^1- ^. ! I \i\ ii •J li i i I Lieut. Wooiney to Com. Chauncet/. ( Iff b*ackett'H Harbor, June 1» 1814. [£Jar/rat'/.] SIR — I hnd the honor lo receive per express your communication of the 27lh, vestintrin tT'<)diKcretionnry puwerf. I immediately despatched Mr. Dixon in the louir g'tg to reconnoitre the coast, and weitt with my officers to tite talis, U» run the boats down over the rapids. At sun sci we arrived at Oswego with the boatH (19 in number) ioud- ed in all with 21 long; 3*2 pounders, 10 24 pounders, 5 42 do. (carronades) and 10 cables, besiden some Ii^ht articles, and distributed in the butteaux a guard uf about ]''>0 rifle- men, under command of Major Apiding. Mr. Dixoa having returned with a report of the coast, bein^ cieai, we set oil' at dark and arrived at Big Salmon river about sun- ri^e on the 29th, with the loss of onqboat having on board |wo 24 pounders and one cable. At Big Salmon we met the Oneidas, \i honi I had des. patched the day previous, under the command, pf Lieut. IlilU of the riile regiment. As soon as tliey had taken up their line of m^rch along the shore to Big Sandy Creek,! started with all the boats and arrived at our place of desti- nation about twd mt\&^ up the Creek. At 2 P. M- on the 30lh, I received your latter oi the 29ith, 6 P. M. per express, and agreeably to the order contained therein, sent Lieut. pierce to look out as far as Stony Point : about 6 he retuvneil, having been pursued by a gun boat and three barges. The best possible di.spositioii was made of the riflemen and In- dian's^ about half a mile below our boats. About 8 A.M. ft cannonading at Ipng shot was commenced by the enetiiy, and believing (as I did)that no attempt would be made to land with their small force, I ordered Lieut, Pierce to [^ro- ce0d in erecting sheers and uiakiug preparations to unload the boats. About 9 o'clock Capt. Harris with a squadron of dragoons, and Capt. Melvin with a company of light artillery and 2 6-pounders, arrived. Capl. Harris the co'n- mandmg officer, agffced with me that tliis reinforcement should halt, as the troops best caUruIated for a bush tight •were already oa the giound, where they cou:d act to the greatest advantage, aiid that the enemy seeing a large re- inforcement arrive would most probably retreat. About "10, the enemy having landed and pushed u[) the creek with four gun boats, three cutters, and one gig — the ritleinca HISTORY OF THE WAR. 251 u under ihal excellent officer. Major Appling^, arose from llietr concealment, uixl nt'ter n .sinurt fire of about 10 min- utes, siicceeiled in capturing all the iMiats and their crews, without one haviuuj escaped. At about 5 F. M. buried, \v.\\\ the honors of war, Mr. Hoare(a British midshipman) killed in the urtion. The enemv's loss in this afiair, is 4 g-un boats, one car- rvii);^ 1 21 puutider, and one (58 lb. carronade ; each of the olliers carrying two heavy guns ; two cutters aud I gig. 1 have the honor to be, &,<•. ^ M. T. WOOLSEY. ' • ' \ AMERICAN 1.0SS. . ' '■•'' Killed none— wounded/). '" ' ■' '■ ' BRITISH IX)SS. ' ' ' ' Killed 14— wounded 28 — prisoners 169. ' LOSS OF THE ESSEX. I Caj)t. Foiter to the Secretary of the Navy. Essex Junior, at sea, July U, 1814. [Extraet.l SIR — I sailed from the Delaware, Oct. 27, 1812, and repaired Ic Port Praya, Noionho, and Cape Frio. On my passage from Port Praya to Noronho, 1 captured his li. M. packet Norton ; after taking out 11,000 pounds sterling in specie, sent her Tor America. Off Cape Frio 1 captured a schooner with hides and tallow, and sent her into Porto Rico. I proceeded to St. Catherines to supply my ship with provisions. Fror.i St. Catherines I shaped my course tor the Pacific, and arrived at Valparaiso March 11, 1813. Of the success we met with in onr next cruise you have been informed in my letter of July 2, 1813. I re- ceived information that the Phoebe frigate, and Racoon uiid Cherub sloops of war, were in pursuit of me. My shij), after being near a year at sea, required some repairs to put her in a state to meet them ; which I determined to do, and repaired, with my prizes, »j) the Island of Nooa- beevah, or Madison Isl:u»d, where I completely overhaul- ed my ship, and took on board, from the prizes, provisions and stores for upwards of fimr months, and sailed for the toasl of Chili, Dec. 12, 1813. Previous to sailing I secur- ed the Scringapatam, Greenwich, and Sir A. Hammond, under the guns of a battery which 1 had erecte«l for their IM'oteclion ; (after taking possession of this tine Island, for li ijfi 'It 'I [ ■ *■' 'iM ^06 niSTOUY OF THE WAK. Irl II :)> :P ! , f ihl: IN Ihe United Stales, and eslablishino^ the raost friendl^r inter course with its natives) 1 leil tht^m tinder the care of LiciiU Gamble and 21 men, with orders to repair to Valparaiso after a certain period. Believin^r C 'Ui. Hillytr wou.d be most likel}' to appear at Valparaiso tirst, I titertture deter. mined to cruise about that place. Ag'reeably to my ex- pectations the Cum. arrived at that plact- ; but, contrary to my wishes, he brought with him the Ciierub sioop of war, mounting 28 guns, and a complement of 180 men. The force of the Piioebr, the Commodore's fii»g ship, was 30 long 18 |)Ounders, l(j 32 lb. carronades, and 7 '6 poun- ders in her tops, in all 6^ guns, and a crew of ii'iO men; making a force of 81 guns and 500 men. The force of the Essex was 40 32 lb. carronades and 6 long twelves, and her crew had been reduced by manning out her prizes to 255 men. They pk'ovisioned, and went off the port for the purpose ofblcx'kadingme. I often endeavored to provoke a challenge, and bring the Phoebe alone to action with the Essex, but without success. ThtJre were no hopes of any advantages to my country tVom a longer stay in port; I thcrafore determined to put to sea the first opportunity. The 28th of march, the day after this resolution was funn- ed, the wind blew fresh from the south, when I parted my larboard cable and dragged directly out to sea. Not a moment was to be lost in getting sail on the ship. On rounding the point a heavy squall struck us, and earned away our main top-mast, precipitating four men into th( sea, who drow^ned. Both ships now gave chase ; seeino; 1 could not recover my former anchorage in my disabled state, I ran close into a small bay, and anchored within pis- tol shot of the shore, under cover of two batteries off Val- paraiso, which beij^- neutral were bound to protect me ; al least till I had repaired damages. I had not succeeded in repairing or getting a spring on my cable when the enemy at 54 minutes \ysiHi 3, P. M. made his attack. The Phoebe placing herself under my stern, and the Cherub on my star< board bow ; but finding that situation a hot one, she bore up and run under my stern also, where both ships kept up a raking tire. I h haul oli to repair damages. My sbip had received many niSTORY OP THB WAR. 957 injarieit, and Kcveral had been killed and wounded, but nil a|)|teared determined ko defend ^he iiliip to the last, and to die in pivt'ereiixie to a shameful surrender. The enemy i(um r«^|mired m% damages and matle a fresh attack <\'ith Uiitl) shi))(i ou Biy starhuard f{uarter, v.\\i of reach of my car- i-onades and where uiy Ktern ^uns could not be brought to bear — he there kept uf» a {galling tire wliioh it was out of uvy power to return. The uidy rope not cat was the fiyinf gib halluuds, and that beinp^ the only nail 1 could set, I caused it to be hoisted, niy cables to be cut, and run down on both bhtps, with an intention of laying tlie Phoebe ou hoard. ;'■<' . i.'J^' ♦*v.^.f:'i'>'-.'- .;i. /. * >uiil ii.i.'t The tiring on bnlh sides was now tremendous ; I' had let tail my fore-topsail and foresail, but the want of tacks and sheets rendered them useless, yet were we enabled for a hhort time to close with the eaeniy, although our decks were strewed with ihe dead, our cockpit filled with wounded, our ship had been several times on Hre, and a prfect wreck, we were slill encourai^ed to hope to save her, as the Chedib in her crippled state, had been compel- led to haul off. The Phoebe, from our disabled slate, was enabled to edg'e t.ff, and choose her distance, for her long l^uiis, and kept up such a tremendous fire, as to mow down my brave companions by the dozen, i now gave up all hopes of closing with him, and determined to run on shore, land my men, and destroy the vessel. We had approach- t'A the shore within mnsket shot, when in an instant the wind shifted, and payeil our head down on the Phoebe. — My ship was now totally unmanageable; yet, as her head was toward the enemy, and he to the leeward of me, I slill hoped to be able to board him. Finding the enemy was determined to avoibnr<), nnKMue weie luken l»y th« enemy — amd soiie perislied. We "^ho reiiiHiiuul, tiinied our attention wholly to extinguiflhiiir> the 'flumes; iijien we had Murceeded» weift ag^ain to our gUi^df w\ieve the lining was kept up for some min 'tes. AU must every ^un having been dismounted, and lue impossi* l>ility ot'iYiiikiiiir further attempts to capture our atitairo. niMLiy-aud the entreaties of the rt inainder of niv brave crew, to i!;k>n'm, and h rlh-d<.rk would cont'iiiino uuvs'e wouMded; antl that the ship was tillniiv with waler \try last. Tlie enemy were enabkii fconi the itmoolhneNS of the water, to take aim at us as a tari'-et — m fiiye^lsuw no hopes ofsavuiifmy vessel, or making mv es- 4. 3-. d •! >'! J,;;/ I have the honor to l)e, fkc. d 1 1. > DAVID PORTER. . *. CoL Mitchell to Gen. lirown* - - ' • •(■ :' u: i^i .-'■: ;.iO In-'i t.t- H. Q,. Osweg'o, May 8, 1814. [Extract] SIR — I informed you of v, y arrival at foit Osvveg-o oi» the 30th ult. This post being but oceasion- j>lly and not itceutly occupied by regular troops, was in a bail state ot iiHi!tiiii(f •>! I"hh«)r- iii<^ luililia. It heiii^ do(ii)liiil on which »ide otitic river the enemy would attempt lo l;iiid, and my t'orce (;.'.)0 et- t'ectives) being loo suiati to l>ear diviMion, 1 ordered the tents in slore to l>e |>itctied on the village ttide, while I oc- cupied the other with iu> wliolc t'orce. It in ^irob.ible that this arlkiice had its elfect, and delerniined the etienu lo at- tack where, from appearaiiccs, lliuy exiK-eted the least op- position. About 1 o'elock the ilect approached. FitVeeii boats, l'«'"ge and crowdetl with troops, al a givt;ii sigjia), moved slowly to the shore. These were prc^eedi'd by gnii- boals sent to rake the woods and cover the landing, while the larger vessels opened a lire iipun I he tort. dpt. Boyle and Lieut. Legate, (so s«)on as the debarking boats got within range of our shot) opened upon Ihem a very successful fire fix)m the shore battery, and compelled iheiii twice lo retire. They at length returned to lln ships audi the whole stood olf from lite shore tor belter anchorage. One of the enemy's boats which had been deserted, was taken up by us, and some others by the militia. The first nieiilioned was sixty feet long, earned ihirty-six onrs and three sails, and could accommodate UjO men. Hhe had received a ball through her bow, and was nciirly filled with v.ater. At day break o» the 6th tlie Heet apfieared bearing up tinder easy sail. Tiiey took a position directly against the fort and batteries, and for three hours kept uj) a heavy ' ii re of grape, 6ic, Fiiidiug thai the enemy had efi'ected a landings I withdrew my small dis|>oHuble force into the rear of the foil, and wnlh two companies met their ^idvanc- ing columns, white the other cotnpanies engaged tiie Banks of the enemy. Lieut. Pierce of the navy and some sea- men, joined in the attack and fought with their chiiractei- islic bravery. We maintained our ground alK>|ut thirly minutes, and as long as consisted with iny further duty of defending the public stores deposited at the falls, which no doubt formed the principal object of the expedition on tlie part of the enemy. Nor was thiii udovetuent made pr^cifiii* ¥ t,i^ rir?)'^^S*S^,K» 2iSib HISTOllir OV THE WAk. ''ih !1^ ml n •'. Ultc>?y. I haJietl within 400 yards of Ihe fort. Capt. Hu. l»ftyiie*iicom any formed the rear gfiiard, and, lemaunntr with it, I mtuched to this |>lace in good order, deHtro\ih|f the hridc^es in iny rear. The enemy landed wx hwmlrtd of De Watlevill(f'H rej^iment, six hundred wiarim^H, ivm conipanies of the Glengury corps, aixl Uivee hundred and Hfly seamen. Gen. Drnr»imond and Com. Yeo were ihe hind in\':\ na- Tal Gonmianders. They hurned \\ifi <»U! bfirrucks > ij evacuated ihffortabuiil 3 o'clock in llseninrniagoOiu ;ih. • Our loss in killed iN;stx; in vvinnuhdas — and in mis. sin|v, 25. The « nemy 1< st 70 kilicd, and !(>.* wountlcd, drowned, and prisoners. •■ ^. •-•. . ♦ . . v,. .i,i> •la -lit! , f t.' '- Gen. Brown to the ScrrdfWt/ of Wm\ H. Q, Cii.ppewa, .I»i*y 7, 1814. {Extract^^ SIR — Oti the 2d njsr. I issned orders for crossing the Niagara, and made a iTangoments deemed ne- cesr H?y \m securni*^ the Q^nrrison of fort Erie — the 3d, that post surreudered, at 5 P. M. Onr loss in this affair, was 4 wounded. — lJi7 prisoners, including 1 Major, 1 Capt. 3 Lieuts. and 1 ensi<2^n, with tiie nmvnun>tioii and cannon be- loiiging to the post were sunendend to us. On the morniitg' of the 4th, Brig. Gen. 8coU, was order- ed to ad ranee towards Chip]>ewii, nnd be governed by circumstances ; taknig cure to secure a good military po« 6itiOn for the night ; after some skirmisHii^g', he selected this plain with the eye of a soidier, his right resting on the river, and a ravine being in front. At 11 at niglU I joined him, with the reserve under Brig. Gen. Kiptey, with onr lield and battering train, and corps of artillery. The next morning Gen. Porter arrived with a part o4'the Pentisylva- nia and N. York volunteers, and some IndiduN. Early ii\ the morning of the 6th, the enemy commenced a petty war upon our pickets, and, as he was indulged, bis presumption increased, At 4 P. M. agreeably to my orders. Gen. Porter advanc- ed from tht rear of our camp, taking the woods in order to keep out of view of the enemy, in hopes of surrounding th^ifscouking parties. In half an hour Porter's commatul Ivietthe light parties and drove them to camp ; and near €H)ip{>eWa, met thttir w4iole <3olumn in order of bttttic { JiisTuirr OFfrns was. 2dL tiiimeilittU'iv ortloretl Gen. Scott lO' ailvanco with his bri- gradc, and Towsuii's nrkil)ery, wfarinieL llitiuMpoii Uwki^li pliiiii in tVoiitut'our caiu|>. lie nUvniu'Cil in llieuuMt oiii-> cerlike %iyU\ nntiiii nfcw niinutci ixas in olotie »cliiN)» nilii i\ snpcM'iur forct; of Brilisli retifitiarsi. Gen. Portcr*s com* itianii Ir.ul ^iven way,> aiiU fleil in every dirtcliun, iviiicU CiiUsoil Scott's left tliink to be^ i^rcHllv exposed. Cupt. Hiirns, with iiis dragoons, was clirettiii to stofn the the; i'u-> ^iliv<}t>, behind tlte ravine fruntin^^ ouroauip; Gen. Ripley wa» directed to |>aHs to the left and skirl the \vuodi(» so a^ to keep cut of view, an?' fall upon the real* of ihe enemyn right flank. This order was promptly obuycd, and tho (ri*eate. retire. By this time tiieir whole line was falling hack, and our g;aUant soldiers presMng upon thcra, when they broke their lines, and ran to rcscam their works. - In this effort he was too successful, when the guns opeued immediately upou our line, and checked, in some de^ree^ the |Hirsuit. At ihismomeut, I determined to bring up ray ordnance, and force the place by a direct attack ; Major Wood, of the engineers, and Capt. Austin, my aid, rode to the right of their hhc of works and examined them ; I was induced by tlieir re[,)ort, to order the forces to retire to camp, till a future time. Respectfully and Uuly yours. JACOB BROVViS.o! AMERICAN LOSS. Ui j <• Killed 60 — wounded 244 — missing 19. vlj uu o3 ' BRITISH LOSS. ■■. .',L , Killed 109 — wounded 9120 — prisoners 24o ■'T '1 i;l BLAKELEYS VICTORY. Capl. Blakeleu to the Secretary of llie Navy. U. S. S. Wasp, L'Orient, July 8, 1^14. SIR — On Tuesday the 28ih ult. being then in latitude 48, 36 N. and lon^. U, lo W. we fell iu with, engaged '(%■ v- mi Li 262 HISTORTOr TB£ WAR. I I ' fi ' rl .III i|i;|;i; 1 : i i 1 N 1] I Mi .. n ; rit i. :i ,'S .>ard in turn, wh'ch were promptly executed, when all resistance immediately cecc. J. BLAKELEY. ;, AMERICAN LOSS. / Killed 5 — wounded :21. BRITISH ti>SS. ..; »>.i.j>>M Killed 23 — wounded 42. Gen. Brown to the Secretary of IVar. ^ ' ' ' Buff uio, A ugf . 1 7, 1 8 1 4. ' \V!>xiracl.'\ SIR — Yow are aUeiidy apprised that the ,uiuy had on the 2«>lh utt. taken a poMitioii at Chiitpewa. Al)out noon of that day, Col. Swill, who was posted at Ltwistown, a1'Q^«f ^F THE WAll. ! I ' mm tnftmtattied lhi» conflict. l'|>bii my um\ al I fouud ihiit \\\c General huil |iiissi?d to tht^ Ult ut' it, \mi|| l!ie 6fch, I Ith, ahil J^a rc-is. and Towsoii's arldliry. Tl.i ^•Olh hid been tin own to the i'i;»hl k« lie |^i>vt'»iud h\ cir- cuinsUnco. Ai>|)rth«Midin}< Ihii* Ihew 'corps wtre inncii exhausted, and kiu)vviu;>' thai the^ had sntVered sevtrtiy, I determined to inlt»|»<>se u new line \\M\\ llie ail aiitisi'^ iroo|;s, and thus dis. iiMa«»e <^en. Scolt and ht)ld his lin^iul, in reserve. OrdtTs weie aceordinu^ly given to }>en. K p- ley. The tnenn 's arlilkiv ut this nionienl oeeunied a hill which gave liun j^ieal advantages, and was the key ot' lli»' Mrhole position. It was !4U))))urle(l by a line ut' infantry. To Meciit'e llu' victory, it wa^ moessarv to carry this arid- lery and .sei/.e t!ie Ini^lrt. This duly was assijrneuto Col. •Miller, whiio, to favor its execiilion, the 1st re^^inieiit, un- der tlt€ cointnftnd of Col. Nicholas, was directed to me nace and aniivst; the infantry. To my i^renl mortificalioii ihisrcuitnent, after a discharge or two, jjfive wnV and ic- treated some distance l)efore it could be rallied, thoufili ii is believed the officers of the regiment exerted themselves to shorten this distance. In the mean time, Col. Milltr. without reg'ardhii? this occurrence, advanced steadily and g^allantly to his object, and carried the height Und the can- non. Cien. lliplcy brought u|) the 23d (which had also faultered) to his supjjnrt, and the enemy disappeared from before l\wm. The 1st i^egiment was now brought into lim 'on the left ot the x?lsl, and the detachments of the 17lh and 19lh, Gen. rorlC' »tccupying, with his command the exlrnne lel\. AbontlhettnioCol. Ali Her carried the enemy's cannon. the 25th regiment, under Maj. Jessap, was engaged in ;i more obstinate cordiict with all that remained to dispute wilii us the field of buttle. TheMaj. as has been already stated, had been ordered by Gen. Scott,at the commencement olllu action, to take ground to his right. He had succeeded !■ turning the eneniy's left flank — had captured (by a dit-itli ment under Capt. Kelchum^ Gen. Rial) and sinidry ollr . officers, and shewed himself again to his own army, in > blaze of filv, which defi aled or destroyed a very sirpi ih ; force of the enemy. He wtis ordered to form on the ri^i of the 2d rcgiiucnt. The enemy rally ing his forces, ;imi;:> is beli('\td, having received reinforcements, now atlen^iili ' niSTOEY OF TUE WAR. 265 to drive uh from our positions, and rei(uin hi* arlilUrv.— - Our line was unMhtikHii, aic) Uie enemy repiilMfid. Two other allempts having th« h.\\nc object, nad the same iit.MM>. (ieii. Scoli was a^aiii ciij^a^ed in repelliii(( the (brnier of these } and the lanl I siiw oi' him on the iieUl ol battle, he waH near theliead uf Uxh culumii, and ;;ivui^ in iIh march a direction that would have placed him on liie enemy *m ri^ht. Il Mas with great pleasure 1 saw Uie guod order aod nilre- pidity of Gen. Purler's volunteers from the niomeitl uf their arrival, but during the last charge 4>f the enemy, those (pia- lilies were conspicuous. Stimulated by the examples set by their gallant leader, by Maj. Wood, of the Pennsylvania corps, by Col. Dobbin, of New- York, and by their oHicers generally, they precipitated themselves Ujion the enemy's line, and made all the prisoners which were taken at thia point of the action. Having been for some time wounded, and been a good deal exhausted by loss of blood, it becaoie my wish to de- volve the command on Gen. Scott, and retire from the field ; but on enquiry, I had the misrorlune to learn, that he was disabled by wounds ; I therefore kept my post, and had the satisfaction to see the enemy's last effort repulsed. I now consigned the command to Gen. Ripley. I saw and felt the victory was complete. Tiie exhaus- tion of our men was such as made some refreshment neces- sary. They particularly required water; I therefore or- dered Gen. Kipley to return to camp, after bringing off the dead, wounded, and artillery, which was effected in good order. I have the honor to be, 3cc. JACOB BROWN. AMERICA14LOSS. . r« Killed, 171— AVomided, 572— Missing, 110. • [ BRITISH LO^S. Killed, 184— Wounded, 559— Prisoners, 221. i I' 1 Gen. Gaines to the Hecrelary of War. -■ , Fort Erie, Aug. 23, 1814. {Extract^ SIR — I have the honor to communicate the particulars of the battle fought at this place, on the 15th inst. I ha\e heretofore omitted staling to you, that during the 13lh and 14lh, the enemy had kept up a brisk cannon- ade upon this fort, which was briskly returned from our .It ni «^i * ^m HlffrORT or THE WAM. ! I I I, .|!li! • i j:j > -■ M' il i \ ■ it il d il il il 1 t 1 IB 1 , ■ ^ By raj • bnltericx, without any conHtdfTiible \onn un oinv juxrk. At 6, A. M. nt'tho 1/yth, one ot'tlieirMhelln !' • >ihJ :.i a ffmall mng^a/ine in Foil Erie, whirh vinA foiiunntei y aimoiitemp< i\. It blew up with tin exploNion more awful in itn up- ptarance« than injurious in nn < ATertM, n» it ditl not cll^»Hllle n man, or derancj^c a jj^nn. It occasioiifd but a momt'nt- ar> CPSHfllioi) of tne thunders of the artdli ry on bulh sidet^; it was followed by a loud and joyruu^ shout by the Untiivh nnny, which was nnmediately answered on our part, and Ciipt. Williams, amidst the smoke of the explosion, renew- ed the contest with an animated ronr of his heavy eaiirori. The ni^ht was dark and rainv, but ih^ fntldnl eenlinel «lr[>t not. At half past 2 o*c'ock, the riy[ht coluiiiii ol the enemy approached, and though eiive'oped in darknesH,* black sLs his designs and principles, was distinctlv hf:ird on our left, imd promptly marked by our mnskelry and can- non. Being nmunled at the moment, i repaired to ihe. point of attack, where the sheet of fire enabled me to sec the eiiemy*s rolumn, abo«it loOO men, apuro-.tciiing on that point ; Ins advance was nut checked until it hud approach- ed within leu feet of our infantry. A line of loose brush representiii^f an abcttis only intervened ; a column of the enemy ntti mpted to pass round the aOeltis throu<^h the wa- ter, where it was nearly breast deep. At this mnmeot the eneitiy were repulsed, but instantly renewed the charge, land were again repulsed. My attention was now called to the right, where our batteries and lines w^re lighted by Ti most brilliant fire of Ci^mton and musketry ; it announc- ed the approach of the centre and left columns of the en- emy, midfrf Cols. Drnmmond and Hcolt ; they were soon repulsed. That of the centre, led by Col. Drummoiid was not long kept in check ; it apprnacheil at once every as- sai'able point of the fivrt, and with scaling* ladders, ascend- ed the parapet, but was repulsed with dreadful carnage.— The assault was twice repeated, and as often checked ; but the enemy having moved round the d:lch, covered with darkness, and the heavy cloud of smoke which rolled from our cannon and musketry, repented the charge, and re-as- cended the ladders, when their pikes, bayonets and spears, * * / niih several ofviy rrffuers, aereral times, fiean' nrders given, to givi the damned Yankee rascals no quarters.' lUSTOAY OB* THK WAR. ad7 ersgivetif togivi Xell upon our gftllant urlilltinMls. Our biitlion \v»s iosi i Lit^ut. M'L)ouuu)rb, bem^- severely wuuiiUcU (IcuiaiiUrd quarter — it wuh retuMMl liv C«>i. Oniiniiioiui. ^]*l)()l)oll^fil then H«i/ftla lundn, lice, uutl itul)U iicMeiiilud lnuiHell' ijolit he wn»MtK)l (iuwii with a |>ihtol i>y the muMx/cr vtlui hau ru* fused him quarter, who oiieii reileraled the order — t/ivv the damned yankte rusca'v no t/uarier. Tiim hardened uiunicr- er Houii met htn tale ; he waH^hut (hiuugh (he hreo^t while repeatinjyr the order, to t/we no ht. Thence and from the centre I ordeieU leinloi cements. — They were promptlv Hent bv Bri)(. Gen. Uipley and Br g-. Gen. Porter. Capl. Fauning-, ot the rurpnof artil er>, kept up a spirited and detitruciive tire with his field pieces on the enemy while altemplinj^ to approach the tort. iMajor Hindnian'si gallant eAbrtti, aided by Mitj. Trimble, having failed to drive the enemy from the bastion with the remain- ing artillerists tud infantry in the fort, Cupt. Birdsall of the 4th rifle regiment, with a detachment oi riHemen, gallant- ly rushed in through the gateway to their assistance, and with Sitme infantry charged the enemy ; but was repulsed and the Captain severely wounded. A detachaient from the lltb, 19th, and 2 2d infantry, under Capt. Foster of the 11th, were introduced over the interior bastion, for the purpose of charging the enemy. Major Hall, Assist. Ins. Gen. very handsomely tendered his services to lead the charsfe. The charge was gallantly made by Capt Foster and Maj. Hall, but owing to the narrowness of the passage up to the bastion admitting only 2 or 3 men abreast, it fail- ed. It was often i*epeated, and as often checked. The enemy's force iu the bastion was, however, much cut to pieces and diminished by our artillery and small arms. At this moment every operation was arrested by the explosion of some cartrnlges deposited in the end of the stone build'- ing adjoining the contested bastion. Tiie explosion vcus tremendous — it was decisive : the bastion was restored. At this moment Capt. Biddle was ordered to cause a field piece to be posted so as to enfilade the exterior plain and «alient glacis. Capt Fauning's battery likewise played » 1 !'■ ! 1 m \ . 266 HISTORY OP THE WA1I. j. \'\^ ; t ' i i 1' 1 ! 1 'I i i^ '1 f 1 J i •1 ': i' il ' .r i'.iil i I %\ 1. 1 upon Ihem at Ihiii lime with t:»*cal effect. The entimy were in a lew moinenU enlirel) clet'ealed, taken, or put lo flight. . , . . — ,i I have the honor to be, Sec. • ^ ' EDMUND P. ( AINES. .A\ >'\ < -. v.: .., .. AMEKICAN LOSS. Killed 17— WouiKled 66— Missing 11— Total 84. BRITISH LOSS. ' ' -' ' '"' ' ' '"- ' ' Killed 422— Wounded 3.>4— Prisoners i 86— Total 963. .''.ii', ,i CHAPTER XII. if v-l'l •!»>?/ /f.. CAPTURE OF WASHINGTON AND ALEX- ANDRIA. Copy of a letter from tlie mayor of Alexandria to the mayor of GeoryetofVH. Dfak SiK-T-Eiiclo8ed is a cop)f of the terms proposed to thecoumioii council of Alexandria, by the couimaiiding officer of the Nquadron now lying before the town, to which they were compelled to submit. "Very respeclfullv, &c. ' CHARLES SIMMS. TERMS OF CAPITULATION, ^i.^i h .. * His Majesly\ skip ISeu Horse f \ Off" Alexandrioy 29/A Avy. 1814. Gentlemen — In consequence of a deputation yester- day received from the city of Alexandria, requestinj^ fa- vorable terms for the safety of the city, the undermention- ed are the only conditions in my power to offer. The town of Alexandria, with the exception of public works, shall not be destroyed, unless hostilities are com- menced on the part of the Americans, nor shall the inhabi- tants be molested in any manner whatever, or their dwel- ling houses entered, if the following articles are complied with : Art. 1. All naval and ordnance stores, public er private must be immediately delivered up. 2. Possession will be immediately taken of all the ship- ping, and their furniture must be sent on board by the own- ers without delay. HISTORY OF TflE WAR. 960 ^! 3. The vessels thnt liave l>e*»n snuk nm!*t b« in the slate lhe\ ^»erf, on the HMli ot Aui;ns<, llie day oi the squiul roil puKsins: Use Ktttle BuUuuik. 4. Merchandize ut every oescn(»lion lumt be insti iitly delivered up, and to prevent uiiy ineiruliirily, thut niitfht Im' committed in itM eiiitiarkation, the iiierchaniK have it at their option to lo;id the vessels generally employed tor ttmt mirpose, ^hen they shall be towed oti by us. 5. All merchandise that has been removed fr«>m A'ex- undria, since the 19lh Inst, is to be incttided in the above articles. '-^ ""' ''•"'•i'" {•*>".'"■! •'■■r'^iv.i'/} rvajufu i"n:iqi*fi 0. Refreshm»:nt8 of every description to be supplied the ships, and paid for at the market price, by bills on the Bri- tish government. 7. Officers wii, e appointed to see that nrticles No. 2, 3» 4aitd 5, are 8tri< y complied with, .and anv de*. lation or iioii-compliance, on the part of the mhuhilanis ot Alexan- dna, will render this treaty null ami void. '' " ^' » ' »«'" I have the honor to be, &c. ''^ "'»»> JOHN A GORDON, ' "^ . , s . i> . . ,: Captain of H. M. slup Sea ifnrse, ■' and senior officer of H. M, dhips ojf Alexandria. To the common council ' '*** ofthe town of Alexandria. ■' ' .:.'<• i ..!;.- ' Gen. Winder to the Secretary of War. Baltimore, August 27, 1814. Sir — When th€ enemy arrived at the mouth of the Poto- mac, of all the militia which I had been authorised to as- semble, there were but about 1700 in the field, from liUo 1400 nnder Gen. Stansbiiry near thi;> place, and about 250 at Bladensburgh, under Lieut. Col. Ks-ntr. After all the force that could be put at my disposal in thatshort time, and making such dispositions as I deemed best calculated to present the most respectable forre at whatever point the enemy might strike, 1 v\as enabled by the most active and harrassing movements of the troops to interpose before the enemy at Bladensburgh about 5000 men, including 350 regulais and Commodore Barney's command. Much the largest portion of this force arrived oi the ground when the enemy were in sight, ai.d were disposed of to support in the best manner the position which h| ^J ■I 270 HISTORY or THE WAK. Gen. Slao»bnry had taken. Tiiey had barely re»■* The rig^ht and centre of Slansbiiry's brigade consistingrof Lieut. Col. Hagairsand ShulerN regiments, generally ^ave way very soon afterwards, with the exception of about 40, rallied b\ Col. K.igan, after having lost his horse, and tiie ■whole or a »arl oi Capt. Shower's company, both of whom •Gen. Stansbury represents to have made, even thuki desert- ed, a gallant stand. iL T5*e reserve under Brig. Gen. Smith of the District of Columbia, with the militia of the city and Georgetown, with the regulars and some detachments oi Maryland mili- tia, flanked on their right by Com. Barney, and his hrave fellows, and Lieut. Col. Beal, still were on the right on the hill, and mamtained the contest for some time with great effect. ;. .. ,(,('-, 'ir.H ' It is not with me to report the conduct of Com. Barney, and-his command, nor can Lspeak from observation, being too remote, but the concurrent testimony of all who did ob- serve tbem, does them the highest justice for their lirave resistance and the destructive tffect they produced on the enemy. K ■!?■• * ?.?;..,> i ;,' ,..•.•(;■< ».;';?;.■: ■: :''■ From the best intelligence, there remains but little doubt that the enemy lost at least four hundred killed and wound- ed, and of these a very unusual portion kitied. Our loss cannot, 1 think, be estimated al oiorethan from thirty to forty killed, and Hfty to sixty wouiMled> and one hundred and twenty prisoners. - is * ;• I am, with very ereat respect, &c. WILLIAM H. WINDER : 1 rv i\ ;,A :( 1 i> if :» » 1 '"I UU9TORT OF Tlf« WAR. '271 rreat loss on Com. Bametf t*> fhe Sfcreloty o/ihe Navy. ^ ^» Faiin, at Elk ruige. Annr, '29,' i814. ' \Extract.^^ SlU — This is the first niumeiit I have ti»cl it in iny power to innke u roporl ot lh#* |)r<»<'et'din}j"« of th© force* aml^r my conimBud since I had the honor ofseei.ig yon on Tuts(iay, the '2-3y llie iwo batalionsof t»> 3(}th and 38lh n'Sjimtnts, A iilllf Inlore suhsel Gen. Winder came to me and recominended that the heavy arlillery shouhl bo withdrawn, with the exceplion ofoiie 12 pouiulpr to cover the reti-eat. We took np Ihe line of march in the i;inrht, and entered Washiug-ton by ihe Easttni Branch briHge. The Gen. requesud me to take command and place my artillei-y to derend tiie passage of the bridge on ihe Eastern Branch, as the enemy was approaching the city in that direction. I immediately put. my guny in posi- tion, leaving the marines and the rest otmy men at the bar*' racks, to wait further orders. I was ir? this situation when 1 Irnd the honor to meet you, with the Presideiit, and heads of Departments, when it was determined I snouiddraw off my gnns and men, and proceed towards Bladensburgh, which was immediately put into execuljon. Oti ourwaj I was informed the enemy was within a mile of Bladensburjrh ; we hurried on, though the day was very hot, and my men much crippled from the severe marches *;> ; 'lad experienc- ed the preceding da\s. I preceded the men, and when I arrived at the line which separates the District from Ma- ryland, the battle beii^aii. I sent an officer back to hasten on my men — ihey came up in a iroi. We look our position on the rising ground, put the pie^^s in battery, posted the marines under Capt. Miller, and flotilla men, who were to act as infantt*y under their own officers, on my right, to support the pieces, and wailed the approach of the enemy. During this period the engagement continued — the enemy advancing, and our army retreating before ihem — appar- ently in much disorder. At length tlie enemy made his appearance on the main road in force and m front of my battery, and on seeing us made a halt ; I reserved our fire ; and in a few cniiiules the enemy again advanced, when I in. «dv , >" 1|:;| 4 272 MISTOAY OF TH£ WAM. i I ll' ordered an IS pounder io (>e tired, which complelely cl^at ed the mud ; nhorllv aJlir, a Mecoud and third attempi wa> made hy theeiitrnv to come forwstrd, but all who madelhf ulttinpl were desliuye*!. The enemy then crossed over u>. to an open fiejd and Hlteiii|)U:d to flank our right. He was there met h) Unee 12 pounders, the marnieK under Capluin Miller, and inv uun acting as infantry, and a^ain uasio. tally cut up. Bv Uiis lime not a vestige of the Amenciin army remained, except a body o\' live or six hundred post- ed on a heioflit on my ri^ht, from whom I expected much support from their line situation. The entuiy from llns period never appeared in front of us. He however pusiied forward his sharp shooters, one of whom shot my hoist from under me, which lell dead between two of my guns. TliC enemy, who had been kejit in ciieck by our tire nearly hair an hour, now f>ej>an to out Bank us on the righr. Our guns were tur*ied that vva\— ue pushed up the hill about two or three hundred men towards lln> corps of Americans stationed as above described, who, to my great morlitica- tion made no resistance, givinj; afire or two and retirii.g. Ill this situation we hi'd ihe whoie army of the ei>emy to contend with ; our ammunit; x^ was expended, and tinlor- tunately the drivers of my a»"*>minntion waggons had gone off in the general panic. Al this time I received a se\tre wound in my thigh. Fiiid'ng the enemy now com[)lelely in our rear and no means of delence, I gave orders to my of- ficers and men to ret. re. The great loss of blood occasion- ^ cd such a weaknens that I was compelled to lie down. 1 ri- quested my officers to leave me, winch Uiey obslmalely re- fused, but upon bemg ordered, they obeyed : one only re- mained. In a short time 1 observed a Brilish soldier atid had him called, and directed him to seek an officer j in a few minutes an otiicer c .me, who, on learning w ho I was, b;ought Gen. Ross and Aiimiiai Cockburn to me. Thest officers behaved to me with the most marked attention, res peel, and politeness ; had a surgeon brongiit, and my wound dressed innnediattly. Aflerafew minutes coii>er- sation, ihe (jeoeriil i iformed Cafter paying me a handsome coui.linK; i,)lliat I vsus paroled, and at liberty to procetil to Waslunglo. or Biadeiisburgl., offering me every ass.Nt- ant em Ins power, giving orders for a liUer to be brougli! ill whicli I was carried to Biadensburgh, .... li eiig ofll C'vei com At her eliij wllfc the aoe thf; wh f^prf mi fllSTOUV or TIIR WAR. Uli\ My Wuund is <'rou.s ; the ball in not >t texlracU'd. JOSH IT A BAUNKY. 4'om. ISJacdonovtfh to tin- Srcrvlnnf of the \artf. r. S. shi|> Saratoirn, ()rt'Pl.ilUlMirj=:, N-pl. 1 1, l'si4. SIR. — The /Vliniiiiily Uwh l)feii pU.NtMl loifr.ake C.isun|>lHni, ill tlx* rnpturc ot one frig- ale, one briii^, aitdtwo siooj>s<»l war oi ih'* enemy. 1 have the huttur lu be, Vvtr. T. MACDONOUGH. Coin. 31ardonnvqh to the St'crctnri/ of the Xavy. U. S. ship Sanitot^a, lU iiuhoroff) PlaltNbnru, Sept. 1:3, IM14. J SIR — Bv Lieut, cominan'iaot Cissiii, I hav«- the honor to convey to von the Hal's (», hs Britannic majesty*!* late sqnadron, rajituretl on the 1 l(h nisi, by the U. States* si|u;ulron under my conimand, ((>•;) (her with tliepartieulars ot the action which look plact- on the 1 1 th niMt. on this lake. \l 8 A. M. the look-out boat announced the apjiroacli of the enemy. Ai 9, he anchored in a line ahead, at about three hundved yards distance from my line ; his ship opjjosed to the :*arato ^ 274 illSTORY OP THE WAR. M !|.( 1 ' ] ; -i !; I'! : i ^t S:;|:; The hIoo|> llint wkh opposed to lh« Ea^lo, had xtrnck some time i»efore and fihl'ted down \\u' line; the sloon whicli was with their ^allies having striirk also. Thr«e of their p^id I it's are sad to be sMh>k, the oth«'r» pulled nlV. Our i^rallit-s were about obcyinsr w^th alacrity the sijjna! lo follow them, when all the vessels were reported tu nie to be ma siiikinjB^ ststte : it then became necessary to annul the sig-nal to the trallies, and order their men to the pumps. I could only look at the enemy's gallies goin M. . T.MACDONOUGH. . P. S. — ^Accompanying- this is a list ot killed and wound- ed, a lisl oi' prisoners — and a precise statement of both forcef^ engaged. AMElilCitN FOKCE AND LOSS; Ships. guns. men. kdled. wounded. Saratot^a, 26 210 28 29 Fasrle, 20 120 13 20 Ticouderoga, 17 110 6 6 Piel.le, 7 30 2 lOGuu Boats, 16 3o0 3 3 m 820 52 58 SRITISH rORCE AND LOSS. 1 II ,l Ih i i 1 -J Ships. guns. men. killei 1. won Coiitiance, 3i) 300 50 60 Liiiiiet, 16 120 20 :^> Growler, 1 40 10 Eiii^-.e, 40 8 10 13Gun Boats, 18 550 90 sunk 96 1050 17 i 110 HISTORY OF THE WAR. 276 Note. — The foUowiutf vatuabie pntjHrltf mis taken on ftotird the fie(4, to Wit : — 1 1,K\H) lbs. oj pon'th r exihisive of Ji.red awmunUum — Hij,U(>0 lbs. of cvunnn b*tll — (MX)0 musfuls — i^suitH oj sailors cUithmtfy and all the winter clothiuy of the nUote of' their land army. Gen. Macomb to the Sccreianf of War. ^ P.altslmlp^Sej.l. 12, 1811. [Extract^ S2R — I Imvf, (heliunor lo inform yoii thai ihc British army coumiandetl by sir Georsf^ Prevost, consist- iiijr of tour briyfiuies, a corps of artillery; a sqiuulroii of borse, and a strong jiirht corps, imioimtinir in all to 14,lac*e on the north of the Saran:ic river since the 6th inst. broke up their camp and ral^cd tlie siei^e this morninij^at 2 o'clock, retreatiaj^ pi'ecipilaielv, and leaving their sick and wounded behiiul. The !>treii<^th ol this g-arrison is only 1500 men fit for duty ! ! The light troops ami mililia are in full pursuit of the •iieiny* making prisoners in all direcUons. Upwards of :}iK) deserters have already come m, and many arrive hour- ly. Oar loss inthe fort istnfling indeed, havinor only one otScer and 1 5 meu killed, and one oilicer and ^U men wounded. Vast quantities of provision were left liehind, and de- stroyed ; also an immense quantity of bomb shells, cannon ball, grape shot, ammunition, flints, (Sec. &c. intrenching tools of all sorts, also tents and marquees. A great deal bas been found concealed in the ponds and creeks, and bu- rled in the ground, and a vast quantity carried oft* by the inhabitants. Such was the precipitance of his retreat, that he arrived at Chazy, a dislaiuie of eight miles be ore M'e discovered that he had gone. '• We have buried the British officers of the army and navy, ' with the honors of war, and shewn every attention and kind- ness lo those who have fallen into our hands. The con- duct of the officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers ot'mv command, during this trying occasion cannot be re- presented in loo high terms. I have the honor to be, Ace ALEXANDER iMACOMB. . AMERICAN I.t»SS. .?/ Killed 37 — wounded 02 — missing 20. I'i, a large forrc ot IIkj ^iieiny had liiUeii |iOHsesKiuii of an old fori at Su}l»roi>k ^ >iiit, where, finding iiothine notice that the enemy was near. Tliere was not lime after the alarm, to fjel the women ami clnldren off, b« fore the enemy had landed, ans is on the sloeks ; they inmiediutely rutii- meneed searcbint; the houses and stores, for arms an«i aiii. nimntion, taknigab liiey could find, and destroying furui. ture to a considerable amount ; liquors of all kinds, wiieii found, after satisfyiujuf themselves, were destroyed by stay- ing^ the casks. Tiiere was no opposition to then' plunder, altboug-h they remained on shore till 10 o'clock, when they called ii their men, and proceeded down tlie river About a mile, with a brig, a schooner, and '2 sloops, where they anchored and lay till dark, v^ hen they set fire to their prizes, and proceeded down to their vessels. Attack on Stonim/ton. — The British fleet off New-Lon- don having been reinforced on the 9th August, 1814, a part of it, to wit, 01 e 74, two frigates, a sioop of war, and a brig, appeared off Stoninglon, when sir 7 homas Hardy sent a flagon shore for the infonnatioii of the women and children, ih'dt if the town was not surrendered m 01.^ hour, the whole should be laid in ashes. The inhabitants in- formed sir Shomas, that Stowrii/ton was not Petipavt/e, and { repared their cannon, 2 long eighteens's, and one G pounder for defending themselves. The attack began at 9, at night, and contnued till 1 in the uiorning, with round fihot, bombs, and rockets. The militia, 30 in number, re- turned the tire with great vigor and effect. The attack "was renewed next morning, and as warmly rese.ited — their brig, which lay nearest shore, was almost cut to pieces, and one barge, full of men, was sunk, when the enemy withdrew. Our loss was 4 wounded, 2 houses lired, and 2 horses killed. On the 1 1th they again attacked the place, betore which, the humane sir Thomas sent in anqther M- vr 'v V— -SUf^ '■ HISTORY OF TUU WAR. .^7 III uii^ iiour, inaiultor iU surrender, nccompai.ieil with a ihrrnt thnt if it was not coinplii'd uith, he would lay thrtovtniit ashc**, orxa* crificehiHwhoteJorcft cmmstoiif oj \'6 xh'ps oj wur. Oir little hand of Heroes paid little attention to Iih threat, hut wont steadily to work at their cannon, and muNUd the en- emy so, that he was obliy^cd to ahandon the expedition." r)*^ ♦♦f -T ".*« r'4i,> •'*!>■ — t't.f't y A Gen. Smilh to the iSecretary of HV/r. *> iiallmiore, Scpi ID, 1815. [^Extract.'] SIR — I have the honor of s\\\\\ ^ \\\,\\. the enem> landed heiween 7 andH(KX) tnenoositioii on Monday, at the jiiiteuoii of the two roads leading from this ^ilace lo the PiMst, liiiving his right flanked on Bear Creek, and ins Icti i)y a iti irsh. Here he waited tha approach of the •neniv, atttr wmg sent on an advance corps. Between two aiut ltir;)blig\d to re- tire to the ground in his rear. Ue there iu ine«i ins brig, ade, but the enemy not thinking it advisab e to pnr.Mie, i e fell back, according to previous arrangeinents, a.id formed on the left of my entrenchments. 1 feel a pride in the be- lief, that the stand made on Monday, in no small degree, tended to check the temerity of a toe, danng to invade a country like ours. Major General Ross the commander in chief of the British forces, was killed in this action. About the time Gen. Strieker joined my left, he w.s joined by Gen. Winner, (who had been stationed on the west side of the city,) with Gen. Douglass' brigade of Virgijiia mili- tia, and the U. S. dragoons, who took post on the left of Gen. Strieker. Meanwhile, Gens. Stansbiiry and For- man, the seamen and marines under Com. Rodgers, the Pennsylvania volunteers under Cols. Cobean and Findley, tihe Baltiqiore artillery under Col. Harris, and the luarine ! ■li lu. i!* ; I ^^it i ' .] ' = i m -J 1* i.Y 27» HISTORY OF THE WAM, l'l^ I I !■ ;■.! artillery un er Capt SlilcM, maimed the lr«iicucs and bal • terieu — all prepared lo meet the enemy. *i On TueH|>eared in front ni my en . trenchiniMils, at the distance} ui two mdes, on ilu- Plnlia. delpina ruad, and allein|»teit of my enlrenchnients, ami to (lie right of the enemy, with the intention of faltiii||f on his re^tr, should he attack me ; oi, if hedechned il. of attackicjr hini in the moriiini^. To this movement, and m\ detenceN, v^hich the eneiuy had the fairest opportunity of obKervi,,{r, 1 attrilHile hiw rt treat, wbicli v%a.s commenced at 1 o'clock the next morning, in which tie was so favored, by the ex- treme darkness at>d continued rain, that we did noi discov- «r it until day light. A considerable detachment was sent in pursuit, but the troops being ho worn down by fatigue, that « iicy conld do nothing more than pick up a few strag- <^lers ; ihey completed their embarkation the next day at 1 o'cl«)ck. I have now the pleasure of calling \our attention to tlie brave commander of fort McHenry, Major Armistead, and to the operations in that cpiarter. .cm »!<• n-t ^4l ^ni . '< Maj. Armistead had under Irs command one company of U. S. artillery, two do. sea fencibles, three dc. of Balti- more artillery, a detachment from Com. Barney's flotilla, an.!> honrn, on the part of the enemy* from 15 to lHtK> shells were thrown by them ; 4rt, lhreaUMiiii«jrde«trnction to all within, but wonderful as ittnuy appear, only 4 of oar men were killed, and *2i wounded. I have the honor lo be, ^c. s. smith: I AMERICAN Killed 2 I— wounded l»i BRITISH LOSS. Killed *97 — wounded 105— prisoners 130. ig 47. ,-■» I Gen. Juckson lo the tSecretary of War. Mobde, September 17, 1814. [Extract.'] SIR — With lively emotions of satisfaction, I communicate that success has crowned the gallant eflbrt» olour brave soldiers, in resisting and repulsing a combin- ed British naval and land force, which on the loth iiist. at- tacked fort Bowyer, on the point of Mobile. The ship whieh was destroyed, was the Hermes, of fron» •21 to 28 guns. Captain the hon. William H. Percy, senior officer in the Guli' of Mexico ; and the brig so considera- bly damaged is the Sophie, 18 guns. The other ship was the Carrou,o('from 24 to 28 guns ; the other brig's name unknown. Oil board the Carron 85^ men were killed and wounded ; among whom was Gol. Nicoll, of the royal marines, who lost an eye by a splinter. The land force consisted of 110 marines, and 200 Creek Indians, under the command ot'Ca])t. Woodbine, of the marines, and about 20 artille- rists, with one four and fthalf ineh howitzer, from which tlii^y discharged shells and nine pound shot. They re-em- barked the piece, and retreated by land towards Pensaco- la, whence they came. By the morning report of the 16th, there were present in the fort, ftl for duty, officers and men, 158. I have the honor, &r. ANDREW .T ACK«OIV '€ M i^ ;>,)/ 'fill J IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) .** K^ e Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (7I6)«72-4S03 i.20, 1814. ^ [ExHact] fSIB--ln mv teller of the 18th iiist I brit-tfy inronriHi >ou of th<^ fort luiale issue of the sortie which took pl^ce the day preinecln ur. The enFm\*M c mp I had ascertained to be sitiLited in a fiield surrounded by Mood.«» nearly two miles diHlnnt from their batterifs and eu renchtnents, the object of which was to keep the parts ot the force which wan nolupoii duty, ort of the range of our tire from fort £rie and Black Rock. Their inf nitry wa* formed into three bri^^ades, estimated at 12 or 15 hnntired men each. One of these brigades, with a detail from the.r artillery, was stationed at their works, (these beiu'if about ^(K) yards* distant iroin old fort Erie, and the ri^^ht ot our line.) We had already siitTered much from the iiie of two of their batteries, and were aware that a third was about to open upon us. Under Uiese cir- cumstances, f resolved to storm the batteries, destroy the cannon, and roughly handle the brigade upou duty, l^efore tho^e ifi reserve could be brought mto action. f Oul^'c morning of the 17th, the mfantry and riflemen, regulars and militia, were ordered to be paraded and put in readiness to march precisely at 12 o'clock. Gen. Por- ter with the volunteers, Cul. Gibson with the riflemen, and Major Brooks with the 20d and 1st infantry, and a few- dragoons acting as infantry, were ordered to move from the extreme left of our position upon the enemy's right, by a passage opened through the woods fur the occasion. Gen. Miller was direcle 1 to st-ation his command in the ravine which lies i«t-lAvten fort Erie and the enemy's bat- teries, by passing' iiiern by detacimients through the skirts of the wood — ^uid the 21sl infantry under Gen. iiipley was posted as a corps of reserve between the new bustiuns ot fort Erie ; all under cover, and out of the view of the enemy. About 20 minutes befoie three, P, M, I found the left columns, u idertiie cointnand of Gen. Porter, which were destined to turn the enemy's right, witiiin a few rods of the British entrenchments. They were ordered to advance and commence ihe action. Passing down the raviue, I judged Irotii the report of iniiNketry, that the action tiad coiliine:*r('ii on uur iett; i now hitttened to Gftfl* Miller, and directed him to seize tiie moment and pierCf ^e en- .£. HISTORT or THC WAR. Ml 9,1HU. t. 1 biierty which took liiated in a iNiant tVom which Mias n tiuty« ork lack Uock. » egiininled e brigades, led at their Bin old tort Bwly suffered were awnre it Uiese cir- destroy ihe ckity, before lid riflemen, ded and put , Gen. Por- riflemen, and , and a few move from ny's right, by the occasion. nwand m the eiiemy'8 bat- igh the skirls II. Uipley was (V bustioiiH ol /of the enemy toimd the left r, which Nvert ew rods of the •ed to advance the ravine, I the AC^ipn ^'^'^^ o GwiMiUer, pierCf Jlije en- emy's entrenchmenlH lietwceii hallerit^ No. 2 and 3. My orders were promptly aikd ahly executed. Within :)0 utiiiules idter the first trim u;im Hred, butterieii No. 2 and 8, the fueiny*.** hue of eiitreiiciiineiils and his tuu block hiiuses were hi our poK.sessi)»ii. hooti after bait ry No. 1 was :ibnidoued by llie Bnlrh. The gnns in each were k|>iked by us or otherwise destroyed, uud the m.igaz iie lit No. 3 w SIS blown up. A few minutes liefure the explosion, I had ordered up ihi' reserxe uiuier Gt'ii. Ripley. As lie pansed ine at the head of his colomn, I desired him, as he wuuld be llie senior in advance, to ascertain as near as possible, the situ- ation of the troops in general, and to have a care that not Qiore was hazarded than the occasion required ; that the ubject of the sortie eflected, the troops would retire in good Older, 8cc. Gen. Ripley passed rapidly on — soon afler, I became alarmed for Gen. Miller, and sent an order for the 21st to hasten to his support towards battery No. 1. Col. Upham received the order, and advanced to the aid of Gei). Miller. Gen. Ripley had inclined to the letl, where Major Brooks* command was engaged, with a view of making some necessary enquiries of that officer, antt ia the act of doing so was unfortunately wounded. By this tiuio the object of the sortie was accomplished beyond my most sanguine expectations. Gen. Miller had consequent* ly ordered the troops on the right to fall back—- observing this movement, I sent my stati' along the line to call in the other corps. Wilhin a few minutes they retired from the laviiie, and from thence to camp. Thus 1000 regulars, and an equal portion of militia, in one hour of close action, blasted the hopes of the enemy^ ilestroyed the fruits of oO days labor, and diminished hie fti'ective force 1000 men at least. ! Lieut. Gen. Drummond broke up his camp duriMg the night of the 21st, and retired to his «utrei*climents hehiiid ilio Chippewa. A party of our men came up with the rear of his army at Frenchman's ceek; the enemy do- Nti'oyed part of tlietr stores by setting fire to the bnildinffs from which they were employed in conveying them. We t'ouiid ill and about their camp a considerable quantity of ''annVin ball, an t\ npw.nrds of iO ' stund of arms. .,'jit;ji*ii«i. ■^-•^■' m ^Hni^iJllPV4ir:r^fW ^^ 9f , **-,=--?; ■», *M M 282 BISTOKY OF THE WAR. I > M 'til U jiif 'i! I send you enclosed herein a return of our losx. The return of prisoners enclosed due» not include the straggUirw that came in after the action. I have the lionor to be, &c. JACOB BReWN. AMERICAN UOHH, Killed 79— wounded 214— missing 218. BRITISH LOSS. 1. Killed 27 1 — wounded 311 — prisoners 386. BLAKELEY's SECOND VICTORY. Capl. Blakeky to the Secretary of the Aavy. U. S. S, Wa8t>. at sea, Sept. 1 1, 1814. [Eo'iract.^ SIR-^ — I have the honor of infonningr you of the deslruclion of H. B. M. brig Avon, of 18 guns by thij* ship on tl>e 1st inst. At U, 30 mitiules P. M. discovered 4 siiil; two on our starboard, aiuUwoon our larboard bow; htiultd, up for one on our starboard bow, being farthest to windward. At 7, the brig made signals, with i)ags, lan- terns, rockets, and guns. At 9, 29, the chase being, under our lee bow, commenced the action, by iinng a 12 \b. car- ronade at him, which he returned, when we run under his lee bow, to prevent his escaping. At 10, believing the enemy to be silenced, ceased tiring, and hailed and asked if he had surrendered. No answer being given, and he. having recommenced firing, it was returned. At 10, 1:.^ the enemy having suffered greatly, and having made no re- turn to our two last broadsides, 1 hailed the second time, when he answered in the affirmative. The guns were then ordered to be ; red, and the boat lowered to take possession. In theac -..i lowering the boat, a second hvi^ iwaA discovered i;lose. under our stern, and standing for us. Sent the crew tc» quarters, and prepared for another action, Urid waited hps coming up. At 10, 3G, discovered two more sails astern, standing for us. Our braces having been cut aivay, we kept oil' the wind, until olbers could be rove, with the exi)ectai ion of drawing the second brig from bis n'onipaoions, but was disappointed : having contuuied ap- pr0ac!uug us until within gun shot she suddenly hauled by the wind, iired a broadside, which done considerable dam- age, and soon retraced her steps to join her consorts. Our prize, V hen we abandoned her, was firing guns of dilstress; HISTORY OF Tins WAR. S83 tbe two last sailM came to her as^iHlance, in time to Mve her crew troiii Minkiiig; witli the v«**tsel, which went clown soon uUerviards. , ^ 1 l»HVc the honor to be, Sec. J. BLAKELEY. AMERICAN LOSS. Killed 2 — VVoniided 1. i k'j W»^ '»»n BniTlSH LOSS. lAMlrr{ Killed 12~Wounded 33. i v^ *^ t, / 1 1 ,»-*i» ,uH\'^ :'»i iiuin:>i Gen. M* Arthur to the Secretanf of War. H. a. DetroiuNov. 18, 1814. [Extract^ SIR — I have the honor to re|M)rl to^outhp safe return ot' tiie mounted troops to thiit place. It was deemed expedient, from the ardour of the Ken- tucky and Ohio volunteers and militia, that they should be nctively employed in the enemy's territory, with a view to ilestroy their resources, and paralize any attempt they might make on this post durinlrfutiji . Y^k'^f^cksm to Gov. Early, ,sf .,, jiv V. .;*.*^ ..,...;j. H. Q,. Teiisaw, Nov. 14lh, 1814. [Ejffrocl,] Slli — Liist evening 1 relurued from Pensa- ColatolhiM place-—! reached tl^at post on the eieningf uf thetiih On my approach, I sent JVlaj. Pteire vtith afliig to cotupituiicate the(»)>jeclof my visit to (lie Gov, of Peiisa- cola, tie appr^nu'hed iort ^i. (i^-orge, with his Hug dis- played, ai.d was tin d on byi tiie cunuon from the fort — he returned and uiadt- repoii Jher^pf |o me. 1. immedialely went with the Adj. Gen. and the Maj. with a small escort, and viewed the fv;ri anu found it defended b) British and 8paitish troops. 1 tuiuiediateiy iietei mined tp storm the town. , Oil the mornins: of the 7 th, I marched with the eflectivc regulars of (he Sd, 39th, and 44lh infantry, part ol Gen. G>ff'ee':N. brigade, ll>e Mississippi dragoons, and partol the 'VV^est TeiiiiesHee regiuieiit, lUml pari of ihe Choctaws led by Milue,of the ;)9th, and Maj. Keiineiiy of the Ms- f)issi|ipi territory. Being eit^'PUM-^d on the west of the town I caicniiited they wuuhl expect the assuuit from Ihiit quarter, aid be prepared to rake iTie from the tort, and the British armed vessels, seven in number, that ay m thebiiy. To cherish ih s idea I sent out part of the mounted men to sf.ow themst heson the we.it, whilst 1 piisstd in rear of the fort undiscovered to the east oi the town. When 1 appear> ed within a m ie, I was in full view. My prule was iieV' friuure iheighleueU iluui yiewui^ ihe iMtifaim tirmness o( niilTORY OF Tire WAR. i9& my troops, nnd wild what iindnui led co«rafif«» taws are nioiecivili/ed than the British. 1 have the honor to be, Ike, ANDREW JACKSON. Gen. Jackson to the Secretary of War. H. Q. New-Orleans, Dec. -27, 1814. ' \Extact.] SIR — I have ttie honor to inform yonof thr result ol the acium on the 23(i. The loss of our gun boats near the pass of tJie Rijulets, have given the enemy com- I i f I'' 4 I ■ J m 986 HISTORY OF THE WAR. maiitl of like Bor^no, lie wnH eiKibled to rlioone lils point of attack. It lifcumc liiernture tin object of importance lo •bHtruct the numerouH Uiyoiis and csinah lt?arlaiit ■ervirc wascoiuiiiilted lo MiijorGen. Vjllere, romniamtiii- proach, which indeed they long^ anxiously wished for, op- ened upon liiem a tire so deliberate and certain, as render- ed their sealing' ladders and tascineh, as well as their more (lu'ect iniplenioiits of wiirfare, perfectly useless. F(»r up- wards of an hour it was contumed wilh a bri.>lvncss of which (here have been but few instances, perlixps, in any country, bi justice to the enemy it must be said.tiiey withstood it as ton, ihoy lied in confusion from the tield — leaving; it covered wilh their t\eM\ and v >?uMled. My loss was incuubiderable ; being oniy seven* killed and six wounded. Such a disproportion in loss, when we consider the num- ber and the kind of troops engaged, must, I know, excite astonishment, and may lit.'t, every where, be fully credited : yet 1 am perfect! v salisiied that the account is not exag'<^e- rated on the one part, nor underrated on the other. Whether after the severe losses be has sustained, lie is preparing to return to bis shipping, or to make stdi migh- * Thismu in the action on Uvu line — aftrnmrds a skirinhhini; nrnkept vpin which ajhc more of out- pu:n7ve re (itsl.^ ,, , .. », i'l I , ill' B 1 1 1''" !l: UbH MIMTOHY 0¥ TUB WAR. i'i m i "i i: Ml' tier efforts to attain hiM firat o(>ject, I do not pretrnrt to dc- teriiiiiie. \l beconifM inc to act an ttioii<(li the latter Wits hJM ititeiitiuii. One Ihinif. however, HeemM certain, that if he Atilt calcuhites on c^ectniGf what he has hitherto heeii unable toaccoinj>li<«h he niu.st c\|iect couNideraldc rein- furcentents, as the force with which he huided, muHt un- (lonbtediy be diminished at least 3(MK>. Bisides the Iuhs tvhich he Nuntaitif d on the nififht of the 23d nitiino, which is etitimalod at tOO, he cannot have Hiitrt red less bet wo u that period and the morn in t; of the 8th inst. tlian 300 ; having' within that lime, In^en repulsed ni two general ut- teinps to drive us from our position, and there havni|r beeu continual eannoiiadinir and skirmishing, dunn^ the whole of it. Yet he is still able to show a very formid.>ble force. The commanding General sir Edward Packenham was Ikilled in the action of the Hlh, and Major Generals Keuu and Gibbs were mortally wounded. I have the honor to be, ilicc, ANDREW JACKSON. AMEKICAN LOSS. Killed i>even — wounded six, JilllTlSU LOSS. Killed 700— wounded 1400— prisoners 562. il- Lieui. Shields to Com, Patterson. ^lew-Orleans, .Tan. 25th, 18?o. [Eatract.] SIR — 1 have the honor of reporting^ the rt- sultofthe expedition ordered by you on the 17th inst. The lOlh, at night, I left the Pass Ciieuf Mcnlenr, having made the necessary observations on the enemy before dark, with 5 boats and your gitr, manned with oO men. At lu P. M. captured a boat l>y surprise, maimed with 56 men. The number of prisoners exceeding my men, 1 thought it most prudent to land them, topi;event weakemng my force, which was accordingly done, and the prisoners were put into the charge of the army at the Pass. The 21st, at day light, I again fell iulo the track of the fleet. Finding it, impossible to make any captures, without being discovtr- cd,i determined to run down umoiig tlicm, and slrikj^ at every opportunity — hoisted Enirlisii colors, and lode a transport boat witi^ 5 men ; orriiioncni, 7 boali and I tranNporl Mrliooner. I have llie honor to be^ V,c. THO. SHIELDS. liailinjf masUr Juhmtm in Com. I'attrrmm, N'«fU'OrletthN, J.muur) 7, 1815. [Ejr/r»cl.] SIH — 1 h.ivi> the pletiMure of nil'ormiii||r yoa of my Kuccet-diiif^ in denlroyiii^ a lriinN|iort brig in lake Borg-ne, yeMterdiiVf at 4 A M. On lite 6lh initt. I pro- ceeded down lf» ih«; etiNl nionili of the PaMM, to atcfrtain the enemy *a |K>Mition : finding at anchor there one brig, three gnu boatM, three nchoonem, and Neveral bHrget, th«» bng lying a mile diNtunt from the others, I returned, and deter* mined to make an attein|>t to destroy lur. Mv crew ow amounted to 38 men ; with ihiii force I Man « <»iiiident 1 sliould be able to deHtroy her, although I hid bet-n |irevi. uuMJy informed nIio moMiited 4 pieceN of cannon, and equipped accordingly. On the tfth At 4 A. M we boarded the brig, her crew conniMtingof a Ciptain, a nadiiig ni/tNier, and 8 marineN, maknig no refiistaiice. It being nearly day-light, 1 ordered the prmonerii into my boat, and net fire to the brig, which proved to be the Cyrui, loaded with rum, i»read, and Ntddiem clothing. I have the honor to be, Jicc. WILLIAM JOHNSON. ADDRESS, i Directed hy Major General Jackson to be read at the head of each of the corpt composing the line below Aeiv* Orleans, January 21, 1815. Citizens and fellow MoidierN ! The enemy hai* retreated, wd your General hm now leinure to proclaim to the world what he haH noticed with admiration and pride— your un- daunted courajre, your oatnotiim and patience, nnder hardMbipsund fatigiieH, — Natives of different States, acting toj^ether for the fii'Nt time in thiM camp ; differing in habits und in language, iiintead of viewing in th^He circumstan- t'^s the \rerm of tlmtriHt and division, you have made then \ - •1 %■ I • f|. ji' Vi t^ 000 mSTORY OF THE WAB. «H ^ !!■ i- ' ■■m m ! 'Ei ; 1 1 the iource of an hunorable emuUlion, and from the seed* ofditconi iUelf have reaped the fruiU of an honorable union. Thi* day completea the fourth week iiince lillfHfu hiuidred of yoii attacked treble your number of men, who had boANled of their diHCipline, and tlieir nervicet, umlfr a celebrated leader, in a lon^f and eventful war — attacked them in their camp, the moment they had profaned the soil of freedom with their hoNtile tread, and inflicted a blow which was a prelude to the final reMult of their Attempt to conquer, or ilieir poor contrivances to divide us. A few kour» was suflicicnt to unite the gallant t»ind, tliough at the moment they received the welcome order lo marth, tbey were separated many lea{(ues, in diierent directions from the city. The gay rapidity of the march, and the cheer- ful countenances of the officers end men, would have in- duced a belief that some festive entertainment, not the strife of battle, was the scene to which they hastent^d with so Hiuch-eag^erness and hilarity, lii the conflict that eui^ued, the same spirii was Nupported, and my conimunicatioiiM to the executive of the U. Htates have testifled the Neuse I en- tertained of the nibrits of the cor|>s and oflk'ers that were engat^ed. Resting on the field of batiks they retired in perfect order on Uie next morning to these lines, destined to become the scene of future victories, which they were to sbiue \yilhthe rest of you, my brave companions in arms. Scarcely were vour lines in a protection against musket shot, when on the 'i3d a dispuHition was made to attack them with all the pomp and parade of military tactics, as impl'^Ved by thos$ Vfctfefans of the Spanish war. Their batteries of heavy camion kept up an incessant fire; their rockets illuminated the air; and under their eov^r two strong columns threatened our flanks. The foe indolently tliought that this spectacle was too imposing to be resisted, and in the intoxication of his pride he already saw our lines abandoned- without a contest — how were tbi>se menacing appearaitces met? By shouts of defiance, by a manly countenance, not to l»e shaken by the roar of his cannon, or by tlie glare of his fire-work rockets; by an artillery served with suneiior skill, and witli deadly eflect.. Never, my brave friencis, can your General forget the testimonials of attachment to our glorious cause, of iadigoant hatred to our foe, of effection- mSTORY or TUB WAR. •J9l ate confidrnre in your chief, that ifMoiinfled from every fHuk, UH hu piiMHed uloug^yuur line. ThiN uniin itin^ ice le duin|>t'(l the roiirnpfe of Ihc enemy ; he flrniiiteil hiN Mcaling lAchter.H and laMCines unit tliu thtrutened altuek dwnidied into n detnuistrattoHt winch served r^iiiv to ^e\v Hie ejipti- ncsHof hix parade, and to inspire you with ajuslcontideuce in \unr«ielveA. The new year wnn UHlicrcd in with the mont tremendous fifi' hiM whole artillery could produce — a few hours only, iiowever, were ueeeHsary for the brave and skdful men who (iirf ctcd our own to dismount his cannon, destroy his but- teries, and eflfectually silence his fire. Hitherto, my brave friends, in the contest on our lines, your coiira^j^e had been passive only ; you stood with calmness, a Hro that would iiave tried the tirmness of a veteran, and you anticipated a nearer contest with an eag;erness which was soon to he l^ratified. On the 8th of January the final effort was made. At the dawn of day the batteries o|>ened and the columns aUvanc- f(l. Knowing^ that the volunteers from Tennesse and thf militia from Kentucky were stationed on your left, it was there they directed their chief attack. Reasonin«j^ always from false principles, they expected little opposition from men, whose officers even were not in uniform, who were ignorant of the rules of dress, and who liud never been caned into discipline — fatal mistake ! a tire incessantly kept up, directed with calmness and unerring aim, strewed the neld with the bravest ofBcers and men of the column which slowly advanced, accordin^^'to the most approved rules ot Guropcan tactics, and was cut down by the untutored courage of American militia. Unable to iiustain this galling and unceasing tire, soaie hundreds near- estthe entrenchment called forquarier, which was granted —the rest retreating, were rallied at some distance, but on- ly to make ihem a surer mark for the grape and cannister shot of our artillery, which, without exagg'eration, mowed down whole ranks at every discharge : and at lengih they precipitately retired from the tield. Our right had only a short contest to sustain with a few I rash men, who, fatally for themselves, forced their entrance iiUo the untinished redoubt on the river. They werie quickly dispossessed, and this glorious day terminated witj) ' * m' I HISTORY or THB WAB. a loss In t^e enemv of their commnnder in cliit-f and u\u IVlH|or(ieiieral kilted, tinother Major- fnera! woiuul.H, tlie moNt experienced and hraveHt of their oflicern, and niori: than three lhou>taud men kilU>d« wounded and iniHH:ii(|r, vhile our ranks, my friends, were thinned only l>v the Ion> of MX of our hrave companions kilUd, and seven disuMtuI bv woundv— wonder al iiilerposiliou of Heaven! tinexiuii- pled event nt the history of war ! Let us be grateful to the Go«l of battles who has dirert- «d the arrows of niatgn, are incalculably important. The pride of uur arrogant enemy humbled, his forces broken, his leu.lers killed, bis insolent hopes of our dce ui the army ; but which thediC- feivni cori'S as well as ihe i.ulv duals th;it cnmt>ose it W' ed with each oilier in their exertions to produce. The gratiiiitle, the admiration of their country, offers a fairer re- ft PnvioM to the atlnek fieri Pnckenham gave out for nattJiimd^ |lttttUi> wtd fiouty/ aitdinvuuicd three days riot and jftunder. HISTORY OV THfe WAR. ^•3 ward than that which any praises of Uie Gen. can bestoWt a i<) the be»t in that of which they can never Im> deprived^ the ronNcioiiftiieHM o( having done their duty, and of ineni> ing^ the applause they will receive. Com. Dfcaturtothe Stcreiaryo/ihe Navy. \\, B. M.ikliip Endymioii, atsea, Jan. 18, 1815, FIR — Tiiepaitit'iil duty of delailiu(jf to you the particu- Inr oau<«es which pr^'cndf d and led to the cayiture of the lute (T. S. frii^ate President by a Kquadroii of hiH Britannic majesty *» xhips* haM devolved upon me. In my cuiumiini- caMoii of the 14lh( 1 nude known my inte itioii of proceed- ing; to Hf-a on thdteveninj^. Owi g to some mistake of the piiotM, the ship in goui^ out grounded on the biir, where she continued to strike heavily for an hour and a half ; al> though she had broken several of her rudder braces, and hads to lighten ship. At 3, we had the wind quite light ; the enemy who had now been joined by a brig, had a strong breeze, and were coming up with us rapidly. TIr £ A\ mion (uiounting 50 guns, 24 ponnders o>> the main deck) had now approached us within gunshot and had commenced a tire with her bow gnns, which we relumed from our stern. At 5 o'clock, she had obtained a position on our starboard quarter, within half point blank shot, on which neither our Ntern nor quarter guns would bear; 1 remained with her in this position for half un « Mttjealic razte^ Eiuli/inionf Vumone, Ttnedos, iJu^utch (brig ) M t ■ li 1; ■M : ^ iiifHii; i" 'if!i#f ?■ :i . ( 'i04 HlifrOKY OF THE WAK. hour, in the hope that she would close with an on oar broadside, in which case I prepared my crew to board, but from his continuing^ lo yaw his ship to maintain ht» position, it became evident that to close was not his intention. Eve- ry fire now cut some of otir sails or ringing. To Imve continued our course under these circumstances wou.d have been placinpf it in his power to cripple us, without, e- ing subject to injury himself, and to have h.iuled up moie to the northward to bring our stem guns to bear, would have expoard bow, within musket shot ; the other attout two cables' length astern, taking a raking position on our quar- ter; and the rest (with the exception of the Endymion) within gun shot. Thus situated. With about one fifth of my crew killed and wounded, my ship crippled, and a more than four-fold force opp sed to me, without a chance of esicape left, I deemed it my duty to surrender. HISTORY OF THE WAK. 206 It is wilb emotions of pride, I l>ear testimony to the gaU laniry RntI KteadinesM of every officer and man I had the honor 'c aimaiid ou this occasion, and I feel satisfied liiat ihf^t « 1 of their having beaten a force equal to them- Kelves, in the presence, and almost under the guns of vastly a superior force, when, too, it was almost self evident, that whatever their exertions might be, tliey must ultimately be captured, will be taken as evidence of what they would have performed, had tlie force opposed to them been in any degree equal. For 24 hours aAer the action it was nearly calm, and the squadron were occupied in repairing the crippled ships. Such of the crew of ihe President as were not badly wound- ed, were put oa board the different ships; myself and a part of my crew were put on board this ship. On the I7th we had a gale from the eastward, wlieii this ship lost her bowsprit, fore and main-masts, and mizen to|i-mast, all of which were badly wounded, and was, in consequence of her disabled condition, obliged to throw overboard all her upper deck guns. I have the honor to be, &c. STEPHEN DECATUR. AMERICAN LOSS. Killed 21 — wounded T)/*, ., .„ ■ »U1TISI1 LOSS. /; Killed Jo — wounded 28» ' 1 ROYLE'S VICTORY. Copt. Boyle to 3Ir. George t*. Stephenson. Privateer Chasseur, at sea, March 2, 18^1». [EjctKact.'] SIR — I have the honor to inform you,, tha* 0!) the 26tli of February being about six leagues to wind- ward of Havanna,and two leagues from the land — at 11, A. M. discovered a schooner bearing N E. of us, appar- ently nnming before the wind ; made every |K>ssible sail in chase. At lialf past meridian 1 fired a gun and hoisted ihe American flag, to ascertain, if possible, the nation which she belonged to, but she shewed no colors. At 1, P. M. drawing up with him very fast, she fired a sterti ohase gun atus,and hoisted English colors^ shewing at the "♦■dime liiue only three ports in the side next to u>. in i. ; , t .< i ! . ^!^^r Sj^ 'it , 'mm\3. ^m i % 1 ^ 1 ■■■| , 1 t,: ;l ' 1 r f. 206 HISTORY or THE WAE. UriOer the imprestiion that ^he wan a rnnningf ye^%^\ bound to Havaniiii, weakly armed and manned, I infd every eiforl lo ciotie with him an qniek as possible. Shw very few men on his deck, ami hastily made small prr^mr- ation for action, though mv otticers, myself and men did not expect any fighting, of course we were not completely prepared for ac. ion. At 1, 26, we were within pistol shut of him when he opened a tier of ten ports on a side, and gave his broa-s) ten of our 12 pound carronades having iteen thrown ovei- board whiie hard chased by the Barrusa frigate. Yours witii respeci, * = THOMAS BOYLE. mSTOftT OV THE WAR. 997 i I/; iuuii Citl Scott to Govrmor Earltf. Great Satill river, February 38, 181d. [£r/rael] SIR — I have Ihe plettMure io inl'orin you of 4 brilliat'l aifair haviiii( taken place on the 244h inMt. on the river Su Mary 'm, between a \:i\xi of my delachment, 20 men, conMiiandetl by Gipt. WiUiani Mckler, aided bj obotit d() of tlie FatnutK ot Florida, under Col. Dili* and 6 nt the enemy*8 barges containing about :250 men, which had attenipted ti> proceed up the river to burn Mr. A. Ciurk*N nulls. The enemy were tir^it attacked by the P.it* nuts from the Florida nhore, iieiir Camp Piiickney, when the barges immediiitely tacked about to retreat, but ouir men being in ambuiili on thi.s shore gave them a second re» leptioii, and thus the tire Was kept up from both shoreg un- til they got into a greater extent of river than our riflemen could reach. The enemy tost IGU killed and wounded.—^ We hud one man huvelely wounded through the body, mid several received Imlls ihrough their clothes, but no further injury. ^ !«c, hm i^i^f^iiAJMk^iHtei. WILLIAM SCOTT. ': Sailing master John HutUmrd to Com, CampbelL Gun Bout, ^o. 168, Cumberland Sound, March 1», l»l5; [Extract.] SllA. ' Proceeduig with the despatch which you did me the honor to entrust to my care, I sailed from Tybee bar, at 1, P. M. on the 16th instv wind N. E. steer- ing south ; at half past •} descried a sail in the S. E. quar« iei% which we soon found to be a ship stand*ng N. N. W. About 40 minutes after she tired a gun and hoisted herco- loi's, the shot passing over our fore gaiir'; our colors were hoisted, coiitinued our course fur a few minutes, when another gun was fired ; the shot passed abaft the main rigging over the lee quarter. Heaving his vessel too on the starboard tack, hailed me by saymg, * you damii'd ras* cal, if you don't lower your boat down and come on board immediately. Til fire into you. Til siiik you, God damn you.' Seeing me in the act of taking in the square t»ail, * why (Joi/t you heave too, God damn you, Til sink you ; Til fire a broadside into you.' As soon as I cduld be heard I said, this is a U. States' vessel, from Savannah, with des- patches for Admii'At Cockburn. In the act of pronounc- aig the Inst words, a musket was fired at me, the ball pass* 3H i'il A till 20b UlSTURY Ur I'UC WAlt ^^'1 I i ^l ^m^ 'f ! iii^ ncnr my hlioiildeni, over the hand of Ike man al iht itelui, Mtrikin^ ihe tvuter from 20 lo ;M) foct from the vessel. Fttltin^the helm down,! again niforineci him of the char- acter uf the veifsel, Maying, if you wish for further satwfaction youarealliberty to8enwer lu ufl'er tor niicIi a wilful inyiilt offered lo ih» U. Sliilcs. I wa» llieu ordered on board, and proceeded With the detfpalcheM. ^ JOHN IIUKLBURD. -I . STEWART S VICTORY. Capi. tSUtmul to llu; tSevretar*/ oj the Navjf. U. S. friir»ite CoiistiUilioM, May, — 1815. ' FIR~-On the 20lh of F* lintary IumI, the 1^ and of Ma. deira t)earintir about W. S. W. 4ii!«tant IH) te/«t>^ues. He iVll it with hix R. M'm two ships of war, the C>aie and Levant, aiul broupfht them to action about <> o'clock m the evening, both of winch after a spirited eng^agemeiit of 40 minutes, surrendered to the ship under my commund. CoiiHidering: the advantages derived by the enemy, from a divided aiul more active force, as also their superiority in thi^ weig^ht and iiuiuber of guns, 1 deem the speedy and decisive result of this action the strongest assurance which can be given to the government, that all did their duty, attd gallantly supported the reputation of American seamen. Inclosed is a list of the killed and wounded ; also a state- ment of the actual force of the enemy, and the number kil- led and wounded ou board their 8h[>is »>( near as could be avcertained. vdnat v * -^y.^rMS'i ..^', I have the honor to be, &c. tM-i) CHARLES STEWART. 7? ' FORCE OF THE CONSTITUTION. f): 32 twenty four pouiiders. — 20 thirty- two pounders. — \:1 52guns, Officers, men and boys 466. i. r * ruj.7 It ';..»; FOKCE OF THE CYANE. 22 thirty-two pounders — 10 eighteen do, — 2 twelve do.« 2 brass swivels, 36 guns. — officers men and boys 180. FORCE OF THE LEVANT. 18 thirty-two pounders — 2 nine do, — Xwelve do. 21guns.-- officers^men and boys 156. ' r K*/foiKj?>ji- ti'/( AMBKICAN LOSS. .) ■;• i- .' iii.Y/ oi» uV-i^ Kdied 3 — ^wounded 12. i^:dr^i)\ BRITISH LOSS I '%) ,rf Killed 35 — wounded 39 — ^prisoners 30 1. j'i^iA il C ^. - . -J. UlITART or THV WIR. dOl KIDDLE'S vicrroRV. Capl. Hiddie to Commodore Decatur. U.S. S. HorntU off' Trisland Acuuha, A/arch 25^ 1815. 81 li — 1 have tiie honor to inform, thai on the uilNPuiRfl^^ of the 23(1 iiikt. ut half |Hi8l ion, when about to anch«#i Ml tilt! north end of the isU' ilof Trirtnn'd Acunha, a sdil wat^' tei-n to the southward and eastward, steering to tha wcmI* ward, the wind fresh from the 8. 8. W. In a tew minutes she had paMsed ou to the westward so that we could not see her for ihe land. J immediately made sail tu tlie westward, aiidshouly after getting sight of her again, perceived heif to bear up before the wind. I hove too for him to come down to us. — When she had approached near, I Hlieil the maintopsail, and continued to yaw the ship, while she con- tinued to come down ; wearuig occasionally to prevent her passing under our stem. At 1 40 P. M. being nearly within musket shot distance, she hauled her wind on the starboard tack, hoisted English colors^ and tired a gun. We immediately luffed too. hoisted our ensign and gave the enemy a broadside. The action being thus commenc- ed, a quick and well directed fire was ke|*t up from this ship, the eueuiy gradually driftmg nearer to us, when at 1 55 he bore up, apparently to run us on board. At soon as I perceived he would certainly fall on board, f' called the boarders so as to be ready to repel any attempt to board us. At the instant every officer and man repair- ed to the quarter deck, where the two vessels were, coming in contact and eagerlv pressed me to permit them 'a board the enemy : but this I would not permit, as it was evident from the commencement of the action that our fire was greatly supei'ior both in quickness and in effect. Ti'^c ene- my's bowsprit came in between our main and mizen rig- ging, on our starboard side, affording him an opportunity to board us, if such was his design, but no at*;empt was made. There was a consifierable swell on, and as the sea lifted us a head, the enemy's bowsprit carried away cur mizen shrouds,stern davits, and spanker boom, and he hung upon our larboard quarter. At this moment an officer, who was afterwards recognized to be Mr. M'Donold, the first Lieut, and the then commanding officer, called out that they had surrendered. 1 directed the marines and musketry-men to cease firing, and, while on the taffrail asking if they had surrendered, I received a wound in the ■I : l\ P|;' M':l 302 IIUTO&T OF Tn WAR. »| i ! • 1 neck. The enemy just then got clear of us and hin furc- nitMi and bow«prit beinn^ both gone^ and perceiviufir ,ih vcarin^ to give hiin a fresh broi^«ide, he attain called out that he had surrendered. It wan with difficulty 1 could re- strain my crew from firinff into him as^ain as ho had cer- tainly fired into us alter having surrendered. From tlu: firing of the fimt gun, to the laHtlime the enemy cried uiit ho had surrendered, was exactly 22 minutes by the watch. She proved to be U. B. M- brig Penguin, inouutiiiflr mx. teen 321b carronades, two long 12\s a twelve lb carron- adeon the top gallant forecastle, with swivels on the cup- stern and in the tops. She had a spare |)ort forward, ^o as to fight l>oth her long guns of a side. She sailed from England in Sept. last. She is in all respects, a remarkably fine vessel of her class. The enemy acknowledge a coni- plegnent of 182 men ; 12 of them supernumersiry marities from the Medway 74. Tney acknowledge, also, a loss of 14 killed, and 28 wounded ; but Mr. Mayo, who was in charge of the prize, assures me that the number of killed was certainly greater. Among the killed is Cipt. Dicken- son, who fell at ihe close of the action, and the boatswain ; among the wounded, is the second Lieut, purser, and two midshipmen. Each of the midshipmen lost a leg. ll.iv. mg removed the prisoners, and taken on board such provi- sions and stores as would be useful to us, I scuttled the Penguin, this morning before day-light, and she went down. As she was completely riddled by our shot, her foremast and bowsprit both gone, and her mainmast so crippled as to be incapable of being sc'^'ured, it seemed unadvisable, al this distance from home, \.o attempt sending her to the U. Slates. This ship did not receive a single round shot in her hull, nor any material wound iu her spars ! the rigging and saiU were very much cut ; but having bent a new suit of sails and knotted and secured our rigging, we are now com- pletely ready, in all respects for any service. We were eight men short of complement, and had nine upon the sick list the morning of the action. Enclosed is a list of killed and wounded. J. BIDDLE. tic-* i-'s'iinKr. h,'\Hi:i vtii * AMERICAN LOSS. Killed, I. — wounded, 11 BUITISH LOSS. Killed 14.~Wounded,28. I 7:«1- Hi •>i!i •^niA .Y%ttl*:Vi*t» ilPPENDIX. u4 OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE, suit of sails f'f HELATIVE TO TUB TEKATY OV PBACK. Wamuiuqtos, Oct. 10, 18U. To t/te Oauite and Uouue of ^eitresentaiives of mA fivtjir oteutiarieM of the U. ^lalL'ti, churgod with oego- ciatin&f |)eace with C. Untttiii ; itheM'iiig; the condition! oa wliich alone that (foveniineiit ii» wUling to put an end* lo. ihe war. I*, ..,1, '-* JAMES MADISON. The American Plenipoteniiariet to Ute Secretary of stale, Ghent, Aug;. 12th, 1814. SIR — We have the honor tu luionu you, that the BrU tish couiiniHsiioneni, lord Gambler, Henry Goulburn, Esq. uiid William AiianiH, Eitn. arrived ni thiti city on Saturday evening^, the dixth initt. The day ufler their arrival, Mr. B tker, their Sticretary, (tailed U|)oii u* to {^ive us notice of the fact, aiul io prupoHe a meetinpf, at a certain hour, on the ensuing day. The place having been agreed upon,' we accordingly met, at 1 o'clock, on Monday, the eighih inst. '. We enclose, herewith, a copy of the full powers exhibit- ed by the British commissioners, at that conference ; which was opened on their part by aii expression of the sincere uiid earnest desire of their government, that the negocia- tionmitrht result in a solid peace, honorable to both par- lies. Vhey, at the same time declared, that no events which had occurred since the first proposal for this nego< ciution, had altered the pacific disposition of their govern- inent, or varied its views as to the terms upon which it was wilH^g to conclude the peace. ^ „ ,,, , ,^, . .u t •I-, I w, ^•ti i^ . i 301 APPCllDfX. 1 r. Wc aiiKwered, lliiit we heanl theste (let laral oiih mii|i great salistacluHi, atiti lliai our KoverniiKMit iiad iicrteiUd to th ■ prupnnal ut' iicdfiirMlioii, with tlie iiitwt Miiicere dcsiru to put an end to the cutfbrMi^i*» whrrhdrvided the two roun. tries, audio la^ upon junI andhberal ^rouiuU the tuuiidiiiion of a peace whicii Necuniiqf the rij^hlM aud iutertHU of buth nations* tdiould uuil« tb<$iu by laittuig bonds of auiity^^ Thif British conimisHionerM then stated th?>1'oiK»Wirt^ kuI). jeciN, as thoi ticularly desirous of discussing ; but that as lihad occupied so prominent a place in the disputes between the two coiin« tries, it necessarily attrarled notice and was considered as a subject which would come under discussion. 2. The Indian allies of (i. Briti\in to be included in the pacification, and a definite boiiiidary to be selUed for their territory. The British commissioners stated, that an arrangement upon this point was a sine qua nun ; that they were not authorised to conclude a treatv of peace which did not em- brace the indinii's as allies ot his Britannic majesty ; and that the esliiblishnient uf a definite boundary of the Indian territory wa^ necessary to secure a permanent peace, not only with the Indians, but also between the U. Slates uiid G. Britain. 3. A revision of the bonndary linebelweentlieU. States and the adjacent British colonies. With respect to this point, they expressly disclaim any intention, on the part of their government, to acquire nii increase of territory, and re|>i*esei»ttd the proposed revision as intended merely for the purpose of preventing uncer- tainty and dispute. "• ,'*'•''"'■ "/."'i'' ' * ' "''!i '■ Alter having stated ihesie thr^6 p<)infs as subjects of dis- cusMun, the British commissioners added, that before they desired any answer from us, they felt it incumbent upon ilFPENPIX. 853 the F. Stales ihcm to (l^rlnr**, llinl the Brilitih i;ov<>mmrat dM tint deny the riq^ht of the Aniencaiiii to tl e tiiihene5i Keni'rttlly* or in the open neas ; hut ti ai thu iirivih'^es lonwerly icrnoti'd liy treaty to the V. Stuten nt tUhiiii^ «%ithiii the \mv\n of ihe British juriHdictioii, and of laiiiiiiif; and dryiiisfi«hon the sUoren of the British tt^rriluncy, would not be renewed without an eqnivalenf The extent of what was considered l>y them ait waters pfciiiiarly British, uns not stated. From the manner in which they hroufj^ht this subject into view, they Hcenied to wish UH tu uruierHtand th.il they were not an\iou» that it should l)e diHCUHsed, and that they only intended to p^ive us notice that these privilei;eH had ccaxett to exint, and would nut airain be granted without an equivalent, ntiruide^s we ' thoujrht proper to provide expressly in the treaty of peace for their renewal. The Britiiih commissioners havinj^ stated that these were all the Kubj.t cts which they intended to bring d rward or to sug^^est, requested to be informed* whether we were In- structed to enter into ne^ociation on these iievyal |)ointii, and whether there was any amongst these which we thought it unnecessary to bring into the negociation ? and they de- sired us to state, on our part, such other subjects us we might intend to propose for discussion in ihe course of ihe negociation. The meeting was then adjourned to the nexl (lay, in order to afford us the opportmnty of consultation among ourselves, before we gave an answer. In the course of the evening of the same day, we receiv- ed your letters of the 25th and 27lh of June. There could be no hesitation, on our part, in informing the British commissioners, that we were not instructed on the subjects of Indian pacdication or boundary, and of fisheries. Nor did it seem probable, although neither of these points had been stated with sufficient precision in that first verbal conference, that they could be admitted in any shape. — We did not wish, however, to prejudge the result, or by any hasty proceeding abruptly to break off the ne- (Tocialion. It was not impossible that, on ihe subject of the Indians, the British government had received errot.eous impressfcuns from the Indian traders in Canada, which our represeutatiuns might remove : and it appeared, at all ev( ,)ts, important} to ascertain distinctly the precise anten- , 39 ii. .u. \. !' 806 APPFMllX. i ':'' i)v M -ri I ' tiom ofG. Britninon l»olh fioiiili. Wo, Ihcrefore, lhoii(r||t it nii\ii»i!l)lc in invite th«> Britinh comniisiiionerstnH gener- al run vcrfca lion on all the poiniM ; slalmt; to them, at the Mmi(>tinu>, our want of instrnclions on two of them, ami hohiifiir first and third puinls propoHed hy them ue were ()r(hvidc'd will) instructions, ami we prcKenled as Injllirr innlijccls considered hy our jroveru- nu'ut aMNuilai'le for discussion ; 1st. A ^iefinition of hiockade ; and a<< far as miglil be nintuallv a^rted, of other neutral and bcllig-ercnl rights. 'id. Claims of indemnity in certain cases of capture anil se-Riu'e. We then slated that llie two subjects, Isl of [ndian ()a- citirnlioii, and boundary, and 2d of fisheries, were not em- hi^aced by our i'strnctions. •* i.!i!- c We observed, that as these points had not been hert lotoi'fi the uronnds of any controversy between the j»overnniiiit of G. l^itain and thai of the V. Stales, and had not been allude«f toby lord C <»tlereajufh, in his letter proposincrihe negftoialion, it couldiiot be expected that they should have be^n' anticipated and made the sribject of instructions bv our gfovtmmejd ; that it was natural to be supposed, that our iiiKtnictions were confined to those snbjects upon which differences between Ihe two countries were known to ex- ist; and ihat the pronosition to drtjne, in a treaty belwcea the U. Stales and G. Britain, the boundary of the Indian possessions uithiii onr territories, was new and without ex- ample. No such provision ha tht'ii exfirevsrd our wiwh to receive front the Britidk coinniiMsionerM u statement of Ihe viewNaiul ubjectM ol'O. Britaiiinpor. ai| the pointN, aiul our u illiiit^iieMH to iliNeiiMk them all, tn order tiiat, even if no arrantrement nIiouUI be n«rri>ed on, u|>on tliepointH not inrlnded in our inKlructionit^ llir irovernnient of the l^ Slates nuj^ht be |K>.s«e8Med of the entire iind precise intentions of thai of (i. Britain, respecl- iiiif 'ht se points, and thai the British ;rovernnient niiuhl be fiiil\ iniornied of the objections, on the part of the U. States, to nnv sneh arranj^ement. In answer to our remark that these point:* had not been! alliided to by lord Casliereat>h, in his K Iter proposing tiie negocKition, it was said, ihat it could not be expected,Jhat ill a lellermerely intended to inviie a ne«>-ociatioiiy he Hhouid enumerate the topics of discussion, or state the pretensions ot his (jcovernment ; since these would depend upon uherior events, and mi<^ht arise out of a subsequent state of things. In reply to our observation, that the propose dstipulatjou of an Indian boundary was without example in the prac- tice of European nations, it was asserted that the Indians must in some sort be considered as an independent people, since treaties were made with them, both by G. Britain and the U. States : upon which we pointed out the obvious and important diti'erences between Ihe treaties we miu'ht make with Indians, livined the territory on winch they resided to be part of the U. Stales, i.. ,^:. a > // We were then asked by the British commissioners wheth- er, incase they should enter fnrlh'r upon the discussion of the several ponits which had been stated, we could expect ihat it would terminate by some provisioned arrangement on the points on which we had no instructions, particular- ly on that respecting' the [tidians, which arrangement would be subject to the ratiHcation of our government ? We answered, that beft»re the subjects were distinctly understood, a'ld the objects in view more precisely discloN- ed, we could not decide whether it would be possible tq form any satisfactory article uu the subject ; nor pledge ijj!^ US! :ij % : t I i m dhl have re- ceived oil the subject which they had proposcl as a pre- liminary basis. VM' u;tH >>' We took this opportunity to remark, that no nation ob- serTed a policy more liberal and humane towards iIk In- dians than that pursued by the U. States ; that our object had been, by all 'practicable means, to introduce civiliza- tion amongst them ; that their possessions were secured to them by well defined boundaries, that their persons, lands, and other property were now more effectually protected a^inst violence or frauds from any quarter, than they had been under any former government ; that even our citizens 'were not allowed to purchase their lands ; that when they gave up their title to any portion of their country to the U. States, it was by a voluntary treaty with our government, mho gave them a satisfactory equivalent; and that throuoK these means the U. States had succeeded in preservuig, since the treaty of Greenville of 179d, an uninterrupted peace of sixteen years, with all the Indnin tribes; a period of tranquility much longer than they were known to have enjosed heretofore. t m; -i ■■>, / - li was then expressly staged on our part, that the propo- sUioti res<>ecting the Indians, was not distinctly understood. We asked whether the pacitication, and the settlemeni of a boundary for them were both made a sine qua non. — Winch was answtred in the affirmative. Tlie qnesion MUH then asked the British commissioners, whether tiie pro{K>sed Indian boundary was intended to preclude the U. States from the right of purchasing by treaty from the l.i- dians, without the consent of G. Britain, lands laying bo yuiid that boundary ? And as a restriction upon the In- dians from selling by amicable treaties lands to the \J. Slates, as had been hitherto practised? . :. : . • To litis question, it was first answered by one of the commissiuaei's, that the Indians would uot be restricleci APP£NI>I3U ilOO irom ftclling ibeir laiidk, bul lltat iht* U. S^lates would be reHU'icted froui purckaKiug Ihetii ; and uii n HecUuo aiiulli- er of the coniuiisMioiicrs ittalcd, iliul it was iiileiidcd ibafc the Indian territory s^iiuuld be a barrier bet\\eeii the Brilhli duiiiiiiiuiis and thttse ol the U. States, that ijoth G Britain and the U. Slates should bi^ reslricttd from purchasing their lauds ; bul the ludiaus might sell them to a Uiird par- Tiie proposition respecting Lidian boundary thus ex- pUiined, and connected with the right of sovereignty as- cribcd to the Indians over the country, amounted to i.oth- \\\% less than a demand of the absolute cession of ihe rights both of sovereignty and of sod. We cannot abstain from remarking to you, that the subject (of Indian boundary) - Wiis indislincily stated vvheii first proposed, and that the ex|)lanalions were at first obscure and always given with reluctance. And it was declai'Mi from the first moment, io be a sme qua non, rendering any discussion anprofitable until it was admitted as a basis. Knowing that we had no power to cede to the Indans any part of our territory, we thought it unnecessary to ask, what probably would not have been answered till the principle was admitted, where the line of demarkation of the Indian country was propos> ed to be established. The British commissioners, after having repeated that their instructions on the sulijecl of llie Indians were pe- remptory, stated that unless we could give some assurance, thiit our powers would allow us to make at least a provi- sional arrangement on the subject, any further discussioa would be fruitless, and that they must consult their own government on this state of things. Thiy proposed ac- cordingly a suspension of the conferences, until they should have received an answer, it being u .derstood that each parly might call a meeting whene\er they had any propo- sition to submit. They disjiatciied a special messeiigev ilie same evMiing, and we aiv iiuw waiting fur the result. Before llie proposed adjournment took place, it was agreed thai there should be a protocol of the conferences ; thai a statement should for th^it purpose be drawn up by each party, and thai we should meet the next day lo com- pare the stalenuiuU We accordingly met again on Wed- nesday the iOlh insl. and ultimately agreed upon whul U: i ; i i i: ■il ti ■ I rl-^ \hi '^^ 910 APFRNDIX. H ;M| n 'U m I shoiiUl conxtiliile the protocol of the ronferenreii. A cony of thiA iiMtriimeiit, we have the honor to tranHniit wilh thi» dituatch. * They objected to the insertion of the answer which they had oriven to ourquention refl|)ectint|^ the «ifect of the ))ri>- poNfd Iiulian boundary ; bnt they ajrreed to an a iteration of their origin li {troposition on that subject, which ren- den) it much more ex|>licit than ah ?«t;ited, either in the tirst CO iference or in their proposed drau^^ht of the protocol. They al»o objected to the inscrtioit of the fact, that tl)tiy bad proposed to adjourn the conferences, until they c«»ii!d obtain further instmctioiis from their government. The return of their messenger may, (>erhaps, disclose the mo- tive of their reluctance in that respect. We ha,ve Ihehonor to be, "vc. ' ■u.^t,- JOHN a. ADAMS, I H. CLAY, i; J. A. BAYARD, j JONA. RUSSELL. ^ PROTOCOL OF CONFERENCE. AuffmtS, 1814. The British commissioners requested iiiforni«itioii v«helii. er the American commissioners were instructed to enter into negociation on the prect ding points P But before they desired any answer, they felt it right to communicate tiie intentions of their government as to the North American tisheries, viz. That the British guvernment did not intend to grant to the U. States, gratuitously, the privileges for- merly granted by treaty to them, of fishing within the lim- its of the British sovereignty, and of using theshores of the British territories for purposes connected with the tishe- ries. August 9. — The meeting being adjourned to the 9th of August, the commissioners met again on that day. The American commissioners at this meeting stated, that upon the first and third |>oiiits proposed by the British commissioners, they were provided with instructions truiii their government, and that the second and tourth of these points were not provided for in their instructions. That in relation to an Indian pacitication, they knew that (he government of the U. States had a|)po:nted coainiission- ers to treat of peace wilh the Indians, and that it was not improbable that peace had been made with them. APPBNIUX. 911 The American coimniwiioner» presenle<1 as Curlher dub- jerUc«His:ikT«il by Ibe governnieai of the U. Slates a» suit- able tor disciiMHioii. 1. A tietiiiilioii of blockade, and as far as may be a- greeti.uf oibcT iK'Ulral aitd bellij^ereiit rights. 2. Certain claims of indemnity lo individuals for captures uiid seizures preceding' -tnd Mubnequeiit to the war. 3. '1 bey further sUited that there were various other points to nbicb their instructions extended, which might uith proprtttty be objects of discussion, either in the nego- ciiition of the f.-oacc, or in titat of a treaty of commerce, witu.h in tiic csise of a propitious termmation of tlie present conferences, they were bkewisc uulhurtst'd to conclude. That for the purpose of facilitating Uie first and most es- ' se liai object of peace, they had discarded every subject wliicli was not considered as peculiarly connected with tiiiil, and piTMenlcd only those points which appeared to be imiiiedialely relevanl to this neg'ociation. The American commissioners expres.sed their wish to re- ceive from the British commissioners a statement of the views and objects of G. Britain, U|K>n all the points, and tiieir willhigness todiscuKS them all. Tliey» the American commissioners were asked, wheth- er, it those of G. Britain should enter further upon this dis- cussion, particularly respecting the Indian boundary, the American commissioners could expect that it would ter- nunate by some provisional arrangement, which they could conclude, subjfct to the ratification of their government? Tlit'y answered, that as any arrangetrsont to which they could agree upon the subject must be without specific au- tlionty from their government, it was not possible for them, previous to discussion, to decide whether any article on the subject could be formed which would be mutually satisfac- tory, and to which they should think themselves, under their discretionary powers, justified in acceding. -■ I 'n '^•5! The American Commissioners to the Secretary of State. GiiLNT, August 19, 1814. ' SIR— Mr. Biker, secretary to the British mission, call- ed upon us to-day, at 1 o'clock, and invited us to a con- ference to be held at three. This was agreed to, and the British commissioners opened it, by saying that they had ' I", i^ f ' !! ii' 8i i:-t^^ I i :il2 APVENDIX. received their 4'iirther iiiitmctionfi ihiH morniitc^, and )ind nuiluNt a moment in reqiietttiiig n meftiii)r for the puqMx^f: of com;nuiii('utiii(^ the decis'oii of Iheir g^nverriment. It \% pro|>«r to notice that lord Casllfrr'agh had arrived lust iii^lit in this city» whence, it \h xaid, he wdl depart to-mor- row on hiN way to BniMseh and Vienna. The KntiHh commisNionerit stated that their g'overnmctit had felt some surprise, thai we were not inHtriieted res|>ecl. mg the Indhiiis, as it could not have been ex|)ecled that they would lesive their allies, in their rompnrntiveiy wenk situation, exposed to our resftttnienl. Givtit-Biitam nnt;! t justly have supposed that the Americ;)ti«overiiment woiiUI have furnished us with instructions aiithonsinir ns to a^ree to a positive article on the subject ; btit, the leiist she eonld demand was that we should si^n a provisional article nd- miltingthe principal subject to the ratifioatioii of our^ov. ei'iimeiit ; so that, if it should be ratitied, the treaty shoutd take eBect ; and, if not, that it should be null and void ; on our assent or refusal to adui't such an article wonid depend the continuance or suspension of the ne^ociation. f« <-wi As we had represented that the proposition made by them, on that subject, wa.^ not sufficiently explicit, their governmenl had directed them to g-ive us every necessary explanation, and to state distinctly the basis which must be considered us an indispensable preliminary. ^*' It was 'A sine qua non that the Indians should be includ- ed in the paciHcution, and, as incident thereto, that the boundaries of their territory should be pemiaitentiy estab- lished. Peace with the Indians was a subject so simple, as to require no comment. With respect to the bounda- ries which was to divide their territory from that of the U. %States, the object of the British a^overnmeiit was, that the Indians should remain as a permanent barrier between our •western settlements, and the adjacent British provinces, to prevent them from being" conterminous to each other: and that neither the U. States, iiorG. Britain, should ever here- after have the right to purchase, or acquire any part tif the territoiy thus recognized, as belonging to the Indians.— With regard to the extent of the Indian territory, and llic boundary line, the British government would propose llie lines of the Greenville treaty, as a proptr basis, subject, however, to discussion and inoditications. APPKNDI^t dIS fit VTe Nintrd Ihnl the Tnilian terrilorv, arcon^inir to thnte lin^, would comprpheiitl a frreat niitnlKT of AiuencHn rili- 7fii< ; not lesK, |)€>rha|>M, than a iHindred thouMuiul : and asked, what was the iiitetttion nfthe British GToveriiineiit ifsppcfiii^ them, and under whose gfovefnment tl ey would fiill ? It wafl answered that thosv setllenieutH would lie tak> en into consideration, when the line l>ec:iine a subject of d.srussion ; hut that such of the inhabitants, as would ulti- mntcrv he included wilhin the Indian territory, must make their own arrang;emei»ts anftM to the MiKBitMipi, the HritiNh coinmis- i.ont ri« re|M>uted that thty meant the line frotn lake ^upe. rior« to that river. 9. A d pi'event» that direct coinnuinicatiun. /.,..,,. ;. • .>., ^t Kevertiitu^ to the proposed pro? iftonal article, respectino^ the Indian paritication and boundary, the BnUsh com- niiHsionoi'H concluded bv stating to »k, thai if llie conferen- ces .shouli! be sns))ended by our refusal to agree to such an aiiicle, without having obtained further inhtructions from our government, G. Britain would not coiistder her.selt buiiiui to abide by the lerniN which siie now ofi'ered, bui Would be at liberty tovarv and ngniult- her demands to- curding to stu.\ie(|^uent events, and III such matiuer as the stsiteuf the wurjiit the time of renewing the negociation, miglit warrant. We asked wlKther the statement made, respecting pro- posed revision of the boundary line between the U. State^^ and the donnnions ot G. Britain, embraced all the objects she meant to U'lng forward for discussion, and what were, particiilurly, her views with respect to Moose Island, aiui such other islands in the bay of Passamaqiiaddy, as had be^f) III. our posseosion till the |>resent war, but had bee» lately ,taptured i' We were answered, that those Islands be- longing. of right, to G. Britain, (as much so, one of the cor.i- missioiiers said, as Noi'thaniptoushire,) lliey would certain- ly l>e k«pt by her, and .were nel, even au(>posed to be an ob- jerrt of discussion. From the ti>rcible mwuier in which the demand, that the XJ. Slates shiuiti keep no naval armed force on the lakes, nor any military post on their shores, has been brought for- ward, we were it>duced to inquire whether this^ condition IV as also meant as a &ine qua uon ? To tUis>the British coni- ntissioners declined giving a positive answer. They said Uial they had been 'iuiihciently explicit; that they hud given APPFXDIX. S15 w one sine qua non, and when wc lisu) (liA|K>«ed uitpor- tOMce ot th<> cunininiiication made ihiN day, ue u \ei\ the British comiinMsioiuTN to reduce the ir |)ro|>osalH to wntnig', belore we ^n\e them an answer ; thm ihey au^reed to, and proinitied to Nend ns an otiirial note withont dehiy. We need hardly say that the deniandA uf G. Britain will receive from us an unannnous any this- hasty, but coriett sketcli of our laitt conference, that there it) not at present, a.y hope of peace. > ; ' > s' We have the honor to he, .Sec. JOHN a ADAMS, I 11. CLAY, J. A. BA YARD, | JONA. KUSSELL. iv > A. G ALLATIM, Note of the British commissioners. (Ileceived after the above letter was written.) '< The undersigned, Plenipoteiitiares of hiti Britannic majes- ty, do themselves the honor of acquainting the Plenipoten- tiaries of the CJ. States, that they have aommuntcated to their court the result of the conference which diey had the honor of holding with them upon the 9th insl. in which they stated, that they were unprovided With any Sjiecific in- structions, as to comprehending the Indian nations in a trea- ty of peace to be made with G. Britain, and as to defining a boundary to the Indian territory. The undersigned are instructed to acquaint the Plenipoten- tiaries of the U. States, that his majesty's government hav- ing at the outset of the negociation, with a view to the spee- dy restoration of peace reduced as far as possible the number of points to be discussed, and having professed themselves willing to forego on some important topics any stipulation to the advantage of G. Britain, cannot but feel some surprise thiit the government of the V . States should not have fur- nished their Plenipotentiaries with instruetions upon thos«> points which could hardly fad to come under discussion. '!i m ■','-■ 'I n^ ikPFENlHX. )fv ',1 ■ Under the inaliility of lli(> AuicrivHii |Meiii|iuleiiliuricf, to coiicluclc any tirlicle ii|)Uii llu siiUjert ol liuiiiiii |>anti.i. tioii mid Indian Ixnindury, whicli nJiidl bind llic ((ovcrit- ment ol'lht' U. Slates, his niiijt-slN'H government cuniti^v that they rannut give a better jMuof ol' their Hincere rovi8ional article npon lhu!>e iieads, ni lliu ev^ntof Ihe Aniencao Pienipott (kliariescon.sidering' them- selves anihorized to accede to the general prineipl^H, upon >vliich such an arlii U> ou<;hl to be founded. With a view to enable thi* American FlenipotetitiarieK to decide, how far the coneiuM on of such an artich; is within the hinit of their g^eneral discretion, the uudersig^ned are directed to Aate, fully and distinctly^ tlie basis upon which alone G. Britain sees any prospecl of advautaj^e in the contuiuaucu of I he negociations at the present time. The undersigned have already had th? honor of s^'^ling to the American Ptenipotentiaries, thai m coiisidering the points above referred to, sis a .!ie|«cl the British government :» prepared to propose a boundary. But as this might be miHConstructed as an intention to extend their possession* to the southward of the lakes, which is by no meana the. object they have in view, they are disposed to leave the ter- ritorial limits undisturbed, and as incident to them, the free commercial navigation of the lakes, provided that ihe American government will stipulate not to maintain or construct, any fortifications upon, or within a limited dis- tance ot the shores, or maiutain or construct any armed ves- sel upon the lakes in question, or in tlie rivers which empty themselves into the simie. If thiscan be adjusli'd, there will then remain for dis- cussion the arrangement of the north western boundary between lake Superior and the Mississtppi, the free uavi^^a- tion of that river, and smh a vacation ol the line of fi-outier as may secure a direct coaimunication between dtnebec and Halifax. I'he undersigned trust, that the full statement wliich they have made of iht; views and «tb|ects of the British government in requiring the paciHcatioii of the Indian na- tions, and a perniatient limit io tlieir ternlories, will enable, the Amencun Plenipotentiaries to conclude a provisional article upon the b.isisai.ove stated. Should th.'v feel il necessary to rtier to Uie ^uvernmcllt of the U. Slates for n! il M ai9 AprrNDtx. 1 , ,1, ; [ if further in«4tnif»inn«,t1.^ iiiiflenisrn^d f*»H it inenmhent up- on tlic'in lu acq'iuiiit \hc American Pieiii|M>teiilitirien, that th'- j^rtver ment tanViot lie |>n!rluHe«i by nriy tliinjif llint lian puMsrii li'Diii Mtrviii)f thctriiiiH at |)r«'N«nt proposefl, in Niich ?i maiiiuf, UM the »t§le ol tvHf, nt the time of refumiintj^ Ihr en ♦crfiires ni«^ mi ihetr jndjEjrmeiit renrlei* nilvinnble. The MiiilerMigiifd avail themselveM of Ihrfi orcMision to renew to thr P't»*m|»ole.tiian«'« of the I J. iStateM, the avsnr- ance uf their high consideration. IM 1. Ghent, Avgvsl 10, \^\A. W. ADA MS. ■■* I i\ •ij The Amnican to the Hritish Commissioners. GriGNT, An^uMl 24, 1814. The nnderai^ned minimterH pU riipotentlary nnd exiiaor* d'mary from the LTinled Stalen of America, nave given to the oflicial note ivhich tht?y have hail the honor of ree(»ivinrr from his Britannic miijeAty's PltMiipotentianes thedcliher. ate attention which the im|iortHiice of its coiitent» required, and have now that of trunNmitting to them their answer on the several points to which it referr^. They would present to the consideration of the British Pieiiipoteiitiaries that lord Castlereag'h, in his tetter of the 4th of Novemlicr 1813, to the American Secretary of State, pledges the faith of the British gt>vernment th.it *the} were willing to enter into discussion with the government of America for the conciliatory adjustment of tlie diiVerenres subsisting between the two states, with an earnest desire on their part to bring them to a favorable issue, upon princi- ples of perfect reciprocity, not inconsistent with the estab- lished maxims of public law, and the maritime riieivtiai'le9 ^uve, ou Uie purl of tlo^ic fCov«rnmcnt» «| tlu; tirnl coiifiTvitce u liicb Uiv umlk.rMg^m'U luul Uk) liouor uf hoiiiiDii; wiUk tiiviii, llml oo ev«uiU, »'UNift'4|UieuitollMlinti ()ro|>oNul tut- lliift uegoc lilt ion, huU* iu ^aijr MA^imcr, varied « iltiur Uk* il4.s|)OiuUoii ut' ibc tiritisji ^uyvmuitiiit, that it III > gill Icnjiiaultt in h |>eucc lioiiui'^blv, U> ,Uolh |mriit>H« or Uic U.riijs iiijoii which ihey would hi' wilUw)|^lu conclude it. ll iH well kuown UiuL lliu tlidrreitcey |whit'h unhappily :>iib.ti<>l l>el\«t:i'U G. Bi'itaiii anil Ihe U StatcN* and, wliicu ulliuialcly led lo lh« preM'nl war, weru wholly of u maritime nature, arisiMi;- principally from lite UritiHli Orders in Cuun- cil, in relation »> blockude.s uiid from the impre.sitnient of uiunncr.>..;y I i.i= .i*i Nor could the Auierican government nave foreseen that G. Britain in order to obtain peace for the Indians, residing within the doiuinioiis of the U. Stales, whom she had in- duced t(^ laki: part with her in the war, would demand that tiiey should be maile parties to the treaty between the two nations, or that the boundaries of their lands >ihould be per- manently and irrevocably tixed by that treaty^. Such a proposition is contrary to the acknowledged principles of public law, and the practice of all civilized nations, particu- larly of G. Britain and of the U. States. It is not founded on reciprocity. It is unnecessary for the atUunmeni of the ol>ject which it professes to have in view. k ,^-^u ; ^o maxim of public law has hitherto been more univer- sally established amuug the powers of Europe possessing territories in America, and there is none to which G. Bri- tain has more uniformly and inflexibly adhered, than that ,|'lil i • m i i 'nf 920 Ai^ncNorx. t*, n .u-i of Mift'erin^ no interposition of a fur^-igii power in therplH- lions bplwecnthe acknowlfydg^cd soverfig^n of ihe lerritorv, and the Indinivt sitnikted upon it. Without the admission of this pritinpl«, (here woiih^ he no intellig^ihle nieaniiitr attached to stipiHtdiotis cstuMishinti^ boundaries l^etweiMi file dominions in America, of civilized nations possessinc^ lerrilories inhabited by Indian tribes. — Whatever may l»e the relations of Indians to the nation in whose tcrntorv they are thusacknowted^edto res de, they cannot be con- sidered as an inde|>endent power by the nation which has made such acknowledc:ment. ' . »j»jng as they please, without any mo- lestation from the U. States: but that when those tribes, or any of them, shall be disposed to sell (heir lands, tliey shall be sold only to the V, States : that until such s-.ile, the U. States will protect all the said Indian tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their lands against all citizens of tlte U. States, and against all other white persons who intrude on the same, and that the said Indian tribes again acknuwl- edge themselves to be under the protection of the said U. Slates, and of no other power whatever.' That there is no reciprocity in the pro|)Osed slipulaliou is evident. In prohibiting G. Britain and the Ll. SLites from purchasing lands within a part of the dominiotis ot the latter power, while it professes to lake from G. Biituin APPENDIX. 921 A privilege uhirh she had not, it actually deprives the U. Sillies of a ri«;ht exclusively belouginir to lliein. TheprupoNJiioii is utterly unitecesiiary for the pur|>o.seof obl-.iiitiiig a paciticaliuii for the Indians residinjE^ within the li iTilorieM ot" the IT. Slates. The undersipied have already had the honor of infurinin^ the British Plenopolenliaries, that, under the system of liberal policy adopted by the U. Slates in their relations with the Indian* within their ttrritores, an uniiiterrnpled peace had subsisted from the sear 1795, not on'y helx^een the U. States and all those li il>cs, tiiil also amongst ihose tribes themselves for a lon- o^i}' period of time than ever had been known since the Arst scllit nieitt of Norih America. Against those Indians the IT. Slates hue luillier inlirest nor inclination to continue the war. They have nothing to ask of them but peace. Commissioners oil their part have been ap, ointed to coii- clude tl, and an armistice was actu.dly made last autuma with most of those tribes. I'he British government may asfaiii have induced some of them to take their side in the war, but peace wi h them will necessarily follow immedi- ately a peace with (i. Britain. To a provisional article similar to what has been stipulatetl in some former treaties, eniraging that each party will treat for the Indians within its territories, include them in the peace, and use its best endeavors to prevent them from committinghostilitieH against the citizens or subjects of the other parly, the undersigned might assent, and rely on the approbation and ratification of their government. They would also fortite purpose of securing the duration of peace, and to prevent collisions which might interrupt it, propose a stipulation which should preclude the subjects or citizens of each nation, res- peclively,from trailing with the Indians residing within the territory of the other. But to surrender both the rights of sovereignly and of soil over nearly one third of the territorial dominions of the U. Slates to a num!)er of Indians not probably exceeding twenty thou.sand, the undersigned are so far from being instructed or authorized, that any ar- ranivemeiit for that purpose would be instantaneously reject- ed by their governmeint. Not only has this extraordinary demand been made a -liie qua non, to be admitted without a discussion, and as ^ preliminary basis; but it is accompanied by uthent 41 I'll iniii i n S22 APPKNUIX. i ■ ' L 'I m Mi 'yilf cqnallv iiin(liiin»ible, which the British Plenipolenliano state to lie so connected with it, that they may reasoiiahlv influence the decision of theutiders'g'ned upon it, yet leav- ing; Uuni uninformed how far these other demands may also be insisted on as indispcUMable conditions of a |)eace.' As little are the undersisfiied instructed or empowered to accede to ihe propositions of the British government, in re- lation to the military occupatitMi oM he western lakes. If they hav(* found the proposed interference of G. Britain in the concerns of Indians residing; within the U. Stales ut- terly iiicompaiible with any established maxim of public law, they are no less at a loss to discover by what rule of perfect reciprocity the U States can be reijuired to renounce their equal rij^ht of maintaining- a naval force upon those hikes, and of fortify inti;- their own shores, while (j. Britain lieserves exclusively the corresponding riji^lits to herself. That in point of military preparation, G. Brilani in he »• pos- sessions in North America, ever has been in a condition to be termed, with propriety, the weaker power in compari- son with the U. Slates, ihe undersigned believe to be incor- rect in point of fact. Innji^'ard to Ihe forl.rtcation of the i)ihores, and to the forces aoliially kt^pt on foot upon thos< frontiers, they Iwlieve the superiority to have always beeiv on the side of G. Britain. If the proposal to dismantle the forts upon tier shores, strike for ever her military A'Ajj; upon her lakes, and lay her whole frontier defenceless in the pre- sence of ln;r armed and fortified neighbor, had proceeded not from G. Britain to the U. States, but from the U. Stales to G. Britain, Ihe undersigned may safely appeal to lli«: bosoms of his Britannic majesty's Plenipotentiaries for the feelings with winch, not only in rey^ard to the inleresls, but the honor of their naiion, they would have received such a proposal. What would G. Britain herself say, .if in rela- tion to another frontier, where she has the acknowledged superiority of strength, it were proposed that she should be reduced to a condition even u* equality wilh IheU. Stales. The untlerske of llto \Voo<1s, as it now ifi, but Ironi lake Su|UTior. It niiisl In* j»erltHtly »nnnalenal to llie I'. Stairs, **l!ctln r the oi jrot of the British iio\»'rn- nietit, ill (leniandiiijL!; the disiiuinht riiu-iit ol the V . Stiiten is to acquire terntorv, as such, or lor |mrj)osi's l»'-»s hahle, ill the eves ol the world, to he ascnhod to the«tesire of a*;^- «xra.i- lic law ; they are foundwl neither on reciprocity nor on any of the usual bases of nef their citizens, \o admit a foreign interfer- ence in then- domestic concerns, and to cease to exercise their natural rights on their own shores and in their own waters. A treaty concluded on such terms would be but an armistice. It caimot l>e supposed that America would long submit to conditions so injurious and degrading, ft is impossible, in the natural course of events, that she should not, at the Hist favorable opportuiuty, recur to arms, for t^ie recovei*y of Jier territory, of her rights, of Jier honor. In- stead of settling existing difl'erences, such a peace would only create new causes of war, sow the seeds of a perma- nent hatred, and lay the foundation of hostilities for an in- (leridite period. Essentially pacific fn>m her political institutions, from the habits of her citizens, from her physical situation, Ame- rica reluctantly engaged in the war. ;:^he wi^•hes for 1!' H '' Vf; .-■-h * '-' a2i APPENDIX. !!i ■i. pt'noe ; but hlu* wishes f«M' il n|M>ii llmsc lenus of recipru cily, huiioraltU; to both rountnrs, wliuh can alone iviukr it pei'iiiaiK'iil. TlHMMUsc'Ncit'liie war lietwceii tl)(^ V. J5l.»Us a.Ml G. BrilaiM hivni^ disapiuiirt'd by liie maritiino |)ac;tl- calioii ol Europe, the g*»vt niineiil ol the V. Slates oiiit!4 sulun lied by liie uiulerHi^iii>d in llu ir foruier CDiMiiiiiii calioii. Tlie iiiicUrtii^iit'd are |Hrtecll) iiware, tli.il r.t briii;^iiiir t'ui'v\aril liiuM^puiiiU tor cuiisuleralion and studii^ tviUi su much truukiifsk, UK tlK-\ did, ilie vieN^ttwilh \«liiCii Ihty wt-re prupoNtd, ihes de|>arli>d truiii the utiual coiir:ie ui itegwciuliiig, by dischikiui* all the oltjeiUof their «ruverauieiil, v\hile those which titt: Auiericuii ||roveriiuienl h.iu 111 vievi' were withheld: but in su doing they u-ere ])nitct|)a'ily acluuted by a des re ot briojrnig the negocia* ttoii as sou I as poitsib e to a lavorai>le tfiuiiiiatioiit and ia some iiieaHiii'c by ttieir willii>gness lu couiply ^^ith the \»i8h- QH expressed by iht AMierican PteiiipoteiitiarieM theiiiMelves. It I!* perlectly true that the war belueeu his majesty and the U. States, was dectaied by the lalter power upon the pretence ol uiaritiuie nghlH aiiedged to be asserted by G. Britain, and disputed by the IT. States. It the war thus ueclared by the U. Stales had been car- ried o . by tlieni tor objecls purely ut' a niaritinie nature, or if the attack wh.cli has been made on Canada liad been tor the purjKise oi diversion, or Die way of defence agiiiiibt the British forces in that quarter, any question as to Uie boun- daries ot Canada, might have been considered as unneces- sary ; but it IS notorious to the whole world that the con- quest of Canada, and its permanent annexation to the Ur Slates, was the declared object of the American govern- ment, if in consequence of a difit reat course of events ou the coiitinent cf Europe, his majesty's government had been unable to reinforce the British armies in Canada, and the U. Slates had obtained a decided superiority in that quarter, is there any person wiio doubls that they would have availed themselves of then* situation to obtain on the side ui Canada important cessions of territory, if not the enf ^ tire i.baiidonnient of that country by G. Britain? Isthe> American governm*:'nt to bt: allowed to p^irsue, so far as its mea.fS will enable it, a system of acquisition and agfgraik- dizement to the extent uf annexing entire provinces to tb Mr doiiiinioMS, and is liis majesty to be precluded from avail- ing himself of his means, so far as they will enable him, to relaiu. those points which the valor of British arms may have placed in his power, because they happen to be situat- ed w ithin the territories allotted under former treaties to jlhe jy^oveniiuetit of the U. States? li I i ■ «. 1^' -it rtr;'-? ^i ^»i APPENDIX. Stirli a princi^ile of iiesroclalion was neviM* avowixl nntc- cedf'iit to that ottlierevohitionurv ai-ovenimeiil o» Fuiiiri'. ii'Jhe policy of the IT. Stjiles h-.ui heeii eMseiitiallv psi- cific, UH the American I'JeiiipolenliiineM asstrt it ou^ht to be, fmiii their political iii^titutiois, irom iiu' hahits of their citizens, and from their physical situation, it ini«;ht not have been necessary to propo!t the Atlantic. The niiliturv |H)ssesMoo of those lakes is not, therefore* ijeees)iiary for the proleclion of the V. Stales. The proposal fiii* allowini;' ll>e territories on the sonlhern biHiks of the lakesalK)\e meniioned to remain in the pos- M'ssion of the «rovernment of the U. Slates, provided no forlitieulions t>honld he erected on the shores, and no arma« nient permitted on the waters, has been matle, for the pur- pose of manifestinir, that security and not accpiisition of the terntory islheol)je<^l ofthi British government, aitd that they have no desire to llirow ohstacles In the way of any com- nit'ree which the people of the ('. Slates may L>c desirous of carryiii<; on upon Ihe lakes in time of peace. . The undersii>'ned, with the anxious wish to rectify all misuuderstaiidini*', have thus more fully explamed the gi*4)unrls upon which they broui^ht forward the propositions contained in their former note respt^ctm;^ the boundaries of the British dominions in North America. They do p.ot wish to insist upon tliem beyond what the circumstaiHtes may fairly recpiire. Tluy are ready, amica-> bly to discuss the details of them with a view to the adop- tion of any modifications which the American Plenipoten- liaiies, or theirgoverunnnt, may have to suggest, if they are not incompatible with the object itself. With respect to the boundary of the district of Maine, and that of the north westf^rn frontier of theU. Slates, the Miidersigned were not prepared, to anticipate the objections coiilained in Ihe note of [\ie American Plenipotentiaries, ' that they were instructed to treat for the revison of their boundary lines,* with the statement which they have subse- quently made, that they had no authority to cede any part, however insigiiKicant, of the territories of the U. States, al- though the proposal left it open to them to demand an equivalent fur such cession either in frontier or otherwise. The American Pienipotentiaries nmst be aware that the boundary of the District of Muine has never been correctly ascertained ; that the one asserted at pres'.Mit by the Ameri- can govermuent, by which the direct communication be- tween Halifax and Quebec becomes inlerrupttd, was ndl I' i I: I' :i ■' i;. %^H APPENDIX. -; f Ml conlom|»ljUion of ihe RriliNh Plenipolenliaries wlio ron. chilled llie treHty ol ITH*'), siimI llisit llie t;r(iiler part ot' ilir territory in qiu^ittioii in uotiially iiiiorcui u-il. The iiiKh^rHi^iied are |ier<>iia(itMi thut an arran^eineitl on this point tiiigfiil he easily made, if eiit< red into with llie 8pirit of euiu:iliHtion, Without any prejudice to Uie inlerestin of the district in qiiL'slion. As the necessity of fixini^ .some houndnry for the north western frontier lias heeii niutiially arknowtedii^fd, a projto. Bal for adiMCUssinii on that suhjtcl cannot he eoDsidered as a demand for a cession of lerntor\, unless Ihe IT. Stales are prepared to assert that there is no limit to their teirito- ries in that direction, and tliat availin of the treaty itself? Or, is his majesty's government to understand that the American Pleniptttentiariesnre willing to acknow- ledge the boundary from the lake of the Woods to the Mis- sissippi (the arrangement made by a cimveuiion in 1803, but not ratified) as that by which their go\ eminent is ready to abide ? The British Plenipotentiaries are instructed to accept favorably such a proposition, or to discuss any other line uf boundary which may be submitted i'or consideration. It is with equal astonishment and regret the undersign- ed find that the American Plenipotentiaries have not only declined signing any provisional article, by which the In- dian nations who have taken part w.th G. Britaii« !:i the present contest may be included in the peace, and n)ay have a boundary assigned to them, but have also thought p'.'oper to express surprise at any proposition on the sub- ject having been advanced. ' The American Plenipotentiaries stftte, that their gov- ernment could not have expected such a discussirin, and api>ear resolved, at once, to reject any proposition on this head ; representing it as a demand contrary to the acknowl- edged principles of public law, tantamount to a cession o^ APPKNDIX. 829 »s wlio ron» : |);ul (»l* Ihf tto Willi !lie lite iiilei't'slH IP ihe north feci, a |>ro|>o- iMtsulered as a U. Stales ihiMi* teiTilo- selves o< ihe lUv trtat\ of .() hum ul try to tix out'. Iw ding' u large jsert sncli an ■iitio . of llie ,u iinderstniid ir to ark now- s lo the iM is- ioii in l8U'i, nent is ready d lo accept other I me of jratioii. eundersign- ive not only hich llie In- ilaii? !:i the ?e, and n)ay also thought on the snb- , ll^eir gov- iiss'on, and ition on this he acknowl- a cession o^ one ihird of the trrrilorial dominions of the I'. States and riqniredto be adinilted without discuNHion. The propoHilion whirh in IIuh represented i», that tlie Indian nation.s, which have been durinsT ih*' v%ar in nlliaiice with (i. Bnlttiii, shot*' * at its termiiiHtion be included in the pacitie ttioii ; and Wtth a view to iheir pffrnianent tranquil- it\ and security, that the British (government is willmt^ to take as a basis of an atlicle on the subject of a boundary fur those nations, the stipiilations which the American ^fov- cnnnent contracted in 17U'>, subject, however, to moddica- tioiis. After the declaration, publicly made to those Indian nal ions by Ihe (iovernor Gen. of Canada, that Ci. Britain would not desert them, could the Anietican government really persuaon in the note, or in the conference which preceded it, tis one to be admitted with- ont discnHNion, that it would have t)eeii ditiicuh to useternH ofp^rcatir intilude, or which appeared nioie adapted, nut only not to prechide bnt to invite d sciissiun. If the basiM propo.se)veyed it away by the Gftenvdle treaty of 1795. It is impossible to rend that treaty without remarking how incooHislent the present pretensions of the Amenciin government are, with it a preamble and provisions. Tiie boundary line between the lands of the U. States and titose of the Indian nations, is therein expressly defined. The g-eneral character of t';e realy, is that of a treaty with inde- pendent nations ; ami the very stiptdation which the Amer- ican Plenipotenliaries refer to, that the Indian natiois should sell their hinds only to tiie (J. States, teiids to prove that, but for that stipulation, the Indians had a general right, lo dispose of them. .; The American government has now for the first time li'i etiect, declared that all Indian nations within its line uf demarkation are its subjects, living there upon suHerance, on lands which it also claims the exclusive right of aeqnir- ing, thereby menacing the iinal extinction of those natioii$(. Against such a system the undersigned must iormallv protest. The undersigned repeat, that the terms on whici> the proposition has been made for assigning to the Indian nations some boundary, manifest no unwillingness to dis- cuss any other proposition directed to the same object, el- even a modification of that which is offered. G. Britain is ready to enter into the same engagements with respect to the Indians living within her titie of demarkation, as thai which is proposed to the {]. States. It can therefore, only be from n complete misapprehension of the proposition, that it can be represented as being not reciprocal. Neith- er can it with any truth, be represented as contrary to the acknowedged principles of public law, as derogatory to th« honor, or iucousistent with the rights of the American APPFNDIX. «ai ontinoance of governnirtit, nor tk% a ucMiiaiitl rtM|iiirtMl lo be aiJmiUed wiIIkmiI (IisCUHHIOII. After this tiiilcxpoHilionot'tlie •KMitimeiiU of Iiim iiiiijeNty'ii ^oveniiiieiit uii the poiiiU »h«>vc HiMleil, il will in' tor Uie American Ph'iii|»\\ take upon lhem»el\eH the •eH)iou>itl>ihty ot'hre>ikiii:;oiVlhe ne^ociation altogether. The underNi^iied requeNl the American t'lenipolentia- ries to accept tlie asMuraiiceH of their hiufh roiiMideratioM. (iAMHIKK, ll.GOULBlJKN. W. ADAMS. The Ainei'imn to the Br i fish Cmnm'mouers, (ill KNT, Sept. 9ih, 1814. The uiiderNiirned have \vm\ the honor to receive the note of hiM Britannic uiiijeM(y*H riei)ipol4.MiliarieMf dated the 4th instant, if in the tone, or Huhs'ance of the former note of the uiiderHiy^ned, tiie BrittNh coniiniNsionerM have perceived hi'ie proof of any diNpoHition on the part of the American (Government, for a diHcUMsion of home of the propoHitioiiH advanced in the tirttt note, which the underNi^^ned had the ho lOr of receiving' from them, they will nscnbe it to the nature of the propoMitiouN theniHelveH, to their apparent io- conipatihility with ilie aMsuranceN in lord CaHtleivatrirM let* ter to the American secretary of state, propoHintr the ne- p^ociation, and with the Noleuin aHsuraiices oi the Urilish P.enipotentiarieH themselveM, to tike iinderniffned, at their tirst conference with them. The nndei'iii(^ned, in reference to an observation of the Briti»in PlenipotentiarieM, must be allowed to say, that the ol)jects which the j^overnment of tlie U. States had in view, have not been withheld. The subjects considered us suitable for discussion were fairly brou|rht forward, in the conference of the 9lli ult. and the terms on which the U. Slates were willing to con- clude the peace, were fraikly and expressly dect.tred in the note of the uiidersi{y;;ned, dated the 24th ultimo. It had been contidently hoped that the nature of those ternn, so evidently framed in a spirit of conciliation, would iiave 'K' III .1 IP' 1^1 S99 APPKNDIX. I! a\ i\^ > 1.1 I , I i i! Si i II t / -»■ i ■ ' (il I imiiircd (i. Hrilainto ndnpt lUem ntttltr li:iiiis of n trrntv ; and il In with (K i-|> rc^rcl lli:it llicMiMi(>rsii>iir(l,it'i|itn Iia\e ri|<;htl\ iiiiil('i'»tn(Ml the iiilmimii^ ot iIi«- laHt iiuh* of llic Bn- tinh PifiiipoUniiiineN, |H>rniv4' lliiit \Uv\ ntill iiisiht oti llit* ex<'liHivf> miiitnry |>oHN*>Nsifiii ol' I lie hikes, iiimI \ its proccnl- uvj;h towaivl.s S|miii, hy tho Hrqii h lion of LouiMana, hv the|HirciiaseH of Indian hiiiiiM, and hy an avowed ittteiitioii of pernia.ently aiincxinp^ th make on the new demands of the Hi'iti>h ^overnnieiit, theN coiitined their animadversionM to the nature of the de- mands themselves ; they did not seek for ilUistrations of the policy ot G Britain in her conduct, in various (piarte.-s of the globe, towards oilier nations, for she was not ac- countable to the IJ. Slates. Yet ihe undersigneci will say, that their government has ever been ready to arrange. In the most amicable manner, with Spain, the questions re- specting the bonndaries ot LMUisiana, and Florida, a d that of the indeuniities acknowledged by Spain due to American citizens. How the peaceable acquisition of L' iiisiana, or the purchase of lands within the acknow- ledged lerrilone)! of the U. States, both made by fair and voluntary treaties for satistaclory equivalents, can be as- cribed to a spirit of conquest ilangerous to their neighbors, the undersigned are Hltogether 'aI a loss to understand. N«ir has the conquest of Canada, and its permanent an- nexation to the U. States, been the declared object of their government. From the commencement of the war to the present time, the American government has been always willing to make peace, without obtaining any cession of territory, and on the sole condition that the maritime qi;e.s- tions might be satisfaclonly arranged. Such was their disposition in themonth uf .Tniy, 1812, when they instruct- ed iVlr. Russell to make the proposal of an armistice ; in the month of October of the same year, when Mr. Mou- .iPPEXDIX. 3.')3 roc aii^writ'd Admiral WiirrnrM itropoMal-. (o tliu Name etVccl ; Ml April, IHl;), whtii insiructMiiiN were tfivcn to three ot llie uiiiU'rHiv^iit'd IImmi a)i|M>iiiU>(l to treat ul' pencr, under the iiieditilioii ot Hunhiu ; niid in Jaiiimry, IHI I, ulieii the iiiMtriirtioiiH iiiidir whu'li the uiiiiirMigiied are iiuw tietiii^, were prepared. The prnpusition of the Hrit'iHli PleiiipoteiiliiirieM is thai, ill order lo Meciire llie t'ruiitier oi Caiiudu a^'alllMt attack, the U. St:iteM Nhotild leave their own without delence ; and itseeiUH to be tor^ollen, that if their superior popula- tion, and the proximity ut' their reMOurees !.'i>e tiiem any advatitn«j;e in that quarter, it is lialaneed !>> the ureal dif- ference iK'tween the military eslahlishuients of the t\«o na- tions. No sudden invasion of Canada by the U. States could be made, without leavinir on their Atlantic shoreji, and on the ocean, exposed to the great superiority ot the British torce, a mass of American property far more val- uable than Canada. In her relative sui>erior force to that of the U. States in every other qi:arler,G. Britain may tind a pledge umch more etficacious for the safety of a single vulnerable pomi, than in stipulations ruinous to the inter- ests, and dej^radiiig to the honor o\' America. The best security for the possessions of both countries will, howev- er, be found in an equal and solid peace ; in a mutual re- spect tor the riy^hts ot eat bother, and in the cultivation of a friendly understauding between them. If liiere be any source of jealousy in relatiun to Canada itself, it will be found to exist solely in the unea(e, and to pro. vide for their security, never was called in question by the undersigned. But they have ; of G. Britain c^ranteii them theprivi* ledge lu live wiifrelhey pleant'cl, if tliose subjerls wcro in* de|teiii having American possessions, particularly in the treaty of 176-J, hy which she acquired from France the soveieignty and possession of theCaiuulu; ; in her treaty of peace with the U. States in 1"83 ; nay, what is the meaning of the north western boundary line now proposed by the British commissioners themselves, if it is the rightful |»ossessioii and sovereignty of independent Indians, of which these boundaries dispose ? Is it indeed, necessary to ask, whether G. Britain ever has permitted, or would permit, any for- eign nation, or without her consent, any ot' her subjects, to acquire lands from the Indians, in the territories of the Hud- son bay company, or in Canada:' In formally protesting against this systeui, it is not against a novel prelension of the AiiieriC;iii govLM'nineiit, it is agiiinst tlie most solemn acts of their own sovereigns, against the royal proclama- tions, charters, and treaties of ti. Bitain, for more than two centuries, from the .HrstsettLmement of North Ameri- ca to the present day, that the British Plenipotentiaries protest. From the rigor of this system, however, as practised by G Britain, ami all other European powers in America, the humane and liberal policy of the U. States has voluntarily relaxed. A celebrated writer on the laws of nations, lo whose authority Britisii jurists liave taken particular satisfac- tion in appealing, after stating, in the most explicit man- tier, the legitimacy of coloiiini settlements in America, the exclusion of all rights ot uncivilized liuiian tribes, has tak- en occasion to praise thetirst seillers of New-England, and the founder of Pennsylvania, in having purchased of the Iii- dia^is the lands they resolved to cultivate^ iioln itlistandifig^ II ,i|t •jii' •■"*^' ., 1 ■ III t , '? f- i 'I 'I K ., 336 APP^-NDIX. Iheir l»ein£j fiirnisheil wllh si charter from Uieir s(>vereiji;'n. It IS lliisc\aiii|>lf, uliicli the IT. Stales, since they l)er:»mH by tlieir iiule|>eucleiice,tlie Hovereijfiis of the lernlorv, liiive adopted and or«rani/e(l uito a poiilical Kvslem. UimIci- that systt ni, the Indians resi(hn theni by botindarie.s delined in ain:c;ib'e treaties between the U. States and tlieinselves ; and ti at ulnnever those boundanvs were vancl, it isf also by auKcalile aad voumla- ry treaties, by which they receive from the U. Slates ample compensation for every right they have to l1ie lands cedeil to them. They are so far dependent as not to have the rii>lit to dispose of their lauds to private persons, nor to any pow- er other than the U. States, aid tt be under their prolec- tioii alone, and not under tliatof any other power. Whe- ther call&d subjects, r by whatever name designated, such is the relation between them and the U. Stales. — That rela- t on is neither asserted now for the tirsttime, nor dive been uniformly recoofn, zed bv the Indians tiieiuselves, not only by that trcuty, but in ad the other previous as we!I as subsequent treaties between them and the U. States. < Tile treaty of Grecnvilie neither took from the Indians the right, which they had not, of selling lamls within llie jurisdiction of ihe U. Stales to foreign governn»enls or sub- jects, lior ceded to them the right oi exercising exclusive jurisdiction within the boundary line assigned. It was merely declaratory of the public law in relation to the par- ties, founded on principles previously and universully recog- nized. It left to the U. Stales the rights of exercising sov- ereignty antl of acquiriivg soil, and bears no analogy to tlie piviuisition of G. Briiain which requires the abandonuieut of both. Tne British Plenipoleutiaries stale in their last note, thai G. Britain isready to enter into the same engagement with respect to the Indians living within her line of demarkation, as that which is propose*! to the U. States. — The under- signed will not dwell on the immense ineqnaiity of value between the two territories, which under such an arrange- luenl, would ije assigned, by each nation respectively to tlie APPENDIX. 337 s as well as an aiTanirt- Indiniis, and which alone wouid niakethe reciprocity mere- ly nominal. The condilnui which would be IhuH imposed on G.Britain not to acquire landtt in Canada from the In- dians, wonld be productive of no advantage to the U. Suites, and is, iherefoie, no equivalent for the sacri- fice required of them. The) do not consider that it belong to the (T. States in any res[>ect to interfere with the con- cerns of (i. Britain iu her American possessions, or with iter policy towards the Indians residiii)^ there : and they cannot consent to any interference, on the part of G. Bri- tain, with their own concerns, and particularly with the Indians living willtin tiieir territories. It may be the inter- est ot G. Britain to limit her sett leuients in Canada to their present extent, and to leave the country to the West a per- petual wihlerness, to be for ever inhabited by scattered tribes of hunters : but it wouid iiiHict a vital injury on the U. States to have a line run through her territory, beyond which her settlements should for ever be precluded froia extendnig, thereby arresting' the natural growth of her po- > lialion and stretiglh; placing the Indians substantially by virtue of the proposed ^uarautee, under the protection of G. Britain; dooiunig them to nerpetual barbarism, and leavinu; an extensive frontier for ever exposed to their sav* a!>'e incursions. With respect to the mere question of peace with the In- dians, the undersigned have already explicitly assured the British Pletiipolentiaries that so far as it depended on the U. States, it would immediately and necessardy follow a peace withG. Bntain. If this be her sole object, no pro- vision in the treaty to that ett'ecl is necessary. Provided the Indians will now consent to it, peace will immediately be made with them, and tliey will be reinstated in the same situation in which they stood before the commencement of hostilities. Should a coii'inuance of the war compel the U. States to alter their policy towards the Indians, who may still take the part of G. Britain, they alone must be re<)> sponsible for the consequences of her own act in having in- duced them to withdraw themselves from the protection of the U. States. The employment of savages, whose known rule of warfare is the indiscriminate torture and butchery gf women, children, and prisoners, is ibeif a departure froai m t«! i* 'W ^i> 338 APPENUfX. 'M t I i m )l the pi'inciploH uf litiiiianity observed bchveen all civilized aiul Clinsliaii nations, even in war. Tii(; V. States have constantly protested, and still pro. teslii|^anisl it as an nnjnstitiadle aggravation ot'the calami- lies and horrors of war. — Of the peculiar atrocities of In- dian wtuliire, the allies of G. Britain in whose behalf she now dentands s;uTifices of the U. States, have during the present war, shewn many deplorable examples. Among them, the mas' acre in cold blood, of wounded prisoners, and the refusal of the rights of burial to the dead, under the eycsot Briiish oJnrers who could only plead their inability to control these savage anxiliarirs, have been re| eatedand are notorions to the world. The U. States might at all times have employed the same kind of force against G. Britain, to a grcitt:!r extent than it was in her power to Liv,- ploy it against them } but from their reluctance to resort to means so abliorreitt to the natund feelings of humanity, they abstained from the use of them until compelled to the allerniiUve of employing tluinselves Indians, who otlfcer- wise would have been drawn iulo the ranks of their ene- mies. The u-idersigned suggesting to the British Pleni- pott'iitiaries the pronritly of an article by which G. Britain and the U. Slates >h(;uid rcci|>roGally stipulate never here- atler, if they should be again at war, to employ savages in it, believe that it would be infinitely more honorable to the luimanity and Christian temper of both parlies, more ad- vantageous to the Indians themselves, and better adapted to secure their permanent peari', tranquility; and progres- sive civilization. Uian the boundary proposed by the British Plenipotentiaries. With regard to the cession of a part of the District of Maine, as to which the British Phnipotentiaries are unable to reconcile the objections made by the undersigned with their previous declaration, they have the honor to observe, thai althe conference of the 8th ult. the British Plenipoten- tiaries staled as one of the subjects suitable for discussion, n revision of the boundary line between the British and American territories, with a view to prevent uncerlainlv and dispute ; and that it was on the point thus stated, that Ihoundf^rsigncd declared that they were provided with in- structions from their governinHii; a declaration which tlid not imply that they were luslructed to make uny ces APPENDIX* OOP \ all civilized ies, more ad- he Disliict of Hion of territory in any qunrter, or aj^ree to a revision of the line, or to any exchaiif^«* of territory, where no unccr ^ or chspute existed. The uiitierMigned perceive no uncertainty or matter of tlouhl in the treaty of I7H3, wilii res|HCt to that part of the boundary of the JJistricl of Maine which wuuUl ijc affect- ed by the proposal of G. Britain on that huhjeet. They never have understood thai the Uritish Plenipotentiaries M'ho signed that treaty, had contemplated a boundary dif- ferent from that fixed by the tri aly ; and which requires .nothing more, in order to be iletinileiy ascertained, than to 'i;6 surveyed in conformity with its proviaiions. This sub- ject not having been a matter of uncertainty or dispute, ihe undersigned are not inslructe«i upon it; and they c'nu ha\e no authority to cede any part of the state of Massa- chusetts, even for what the British gover^ifi^ent might con- sider a fair equivalent. in regard to the boundary of the north western frontier, 80 soon as the proposition ot Indian boundary is disposed of, the undersigned have no objection, with the explana- tion given by ihe British Piensputentiaries in their last note, to discuss the subject. The undersigned iii their formernole, stated with frank- ness, and will now repeat, that the two propositions, 1st, of assigning in the proposed treaty of p^ace a detinile boun- dary to the Indians living within the limits of the U. Stales, beyond which boundary they should stipubte nottu acquire, by purchase or otherwise, any territory ; and 'idly, of securing the exclusive military possession of the lakes to Great Ijri- tain, are both inadmiss ble; and that they cannot subscribe to, and would deem it useless to refer to their government, any arrangement, even provisional, containing either of these propositions. With this understanding, the under- signed are now ready to continue the negociation ; and as they have already expressed, to discuss ail the pointy of dift'ereuce, or which might hereafter tend in any degree to interrupt the harmony of the two countries. \.,.i' The undersigned request the British Ptenipolentiarics to accept the assurance of their high consideration. JOHN a ADAMS, J. A. BAYARiJ, H. CLAY, JONA. KUSSEIX, A. GALLATIN. !l»,| J*J 340 JlPPENDIX. I I I -^^. .;•! I . i !^i1'1 '.. ^ ? ;i.; TA^ British to the Amerknn Commissumers, ■ Ghlnt, Sepl. 19, 1814 The undemig^ned have the Imitor to nckno\^ l«'» hen tending^ to create irritn« tion. On t!;e qnestion of the northwestern frontiers, they are happy to find that no material difllicnlty \h likely to arise. With respect to the boundary nfti.e District of Maine, the undersigned observe with regret, that although Ihe A- raerican Plenipotentiaries have acknowledged themselves to be instructed to discuss a revision of the bouriidary line, with a view to prevent uncertainty and dispute, yet, by asf 6uming an exclusive right at once to decide what is or is not a subject of uncertainty and dispute, they have ren- dered their powers nugatory or inadmissd>ly partial in their operation. After the declaration made by the American Plenipoo tentiaries, that the U. States will admit of no line of bouu< dary between their territory and that of the Indian nations, because the natural growth and pofiuiation of theU. Stales would be thereby arrested, it b» conieij unnecessary further to insist oh the proof of a spirit of aggrandizement afi'orded by the purchase of Louisiana from France, against tiie known conditions on which it had been ceded by Spain to that country, or the hostile seizure of a great part of the Floridas, under a pretence of a dispute respectutg the boundary. The reason given by the American Plenipotentiaries for this declaration, equally applies to the assigument of a boundary to the U. States on any side, with whatever view proposed ; and the unlimited nature of the pretension would alone havejnstiiied G. Britain in seeking more efteclual se- curities against its application to Canada, than any which the undersigned have had the honor to propose. Had ?khe American Plenipotentiaries been instructed on the 8ub|ect of Canada, they would not have asserted that it!? perrianent annexation had not been the declared objec^ j^FFEKDtX. 311 uf their (|rovcrnnient. Il has been dislinctiy MTOwed lo b« Hurli ut il.ilerfiil tunes |mrticularty hy luo AntiTican Geii- ernU on their rexpeclive iiivasiuiiM of Cmiaita. It \W. lifc- laralion Hr :. made had t>eeii dira|*|)ruvtil, il would not have been n |)eatcd. Tiie deelaratiiiiis here rciened lo are to t>e found in the proctaniatiun o< (ien. Hud, ui July, 1812, nnd ol Gen. Smyth, in November, 1812, copies uf which are in reunto annexed. It mu»t be aliio from the want of in&tructious tiiat the American PI" nipotentmnes hn\e been led to assert tliat Ci. Britain han induced the Indians to withdraw frnm the protection of the U. StateH. The g^overnment of tlie U. Skates cannot have 4'org-otten that G. Britain, no far lr«)in inducing the Indians tu withdraw themselves fnioi the pro- tection of the U. States, gave the tarlicst infurmution of tile intention of those nations to invade the U. States, and exerted her.elf, though without success, tu prevent and ap- pease i,h.2ir hostility. The Indian nations, however, Imv- ing (fixprrieiiced, as they tiiought, oppression, insltud uf protection from the (J. Slates, declared war a||;ainst tiiera previously to tiie declaration uf war bv thai com try against G. Britain. Tiie treaty by which tiie li diu.s placid Uiemselves um'«" the protection of theU. Statts, is now abrogated, and the American governmeut caiiiiol be enti- tled to claim as a right, the renewal of an niticle in a trea- ty, which has DO longer any existence. The Iiulian i a- tions are tliereforeno lunger tube considered as under die protection of the V. States, (whatever ma} be ihe import of that term) and it can only be on the ground that they are regarded as subjects, that the American Plenipoten- tiaries can be authorized to deny the right of G Biiluin to interfere on their behalf in tiie negociatiuns for peace. To any such claim, itiis repeated, that the treaties concluded with tiiem, and par|ili|i|iarly that of Greenville, are in direct opposition. It is not necessary to recur to the manner in which the territory of the U. States was at first settled, in order tu de- cide, wliether the Indian nations, the original inhabitants of America, shall have some spot assigned to them, wiiere they may be permitted to live in tranquility ; nor whether their trancpiility can be secured without preventing an uii- I ivi ■;'■ a 54e APPENDIX. z.'i interrupted sysUini of encroachment upon tiiem under tlie pretence of purchase. If the American Pienipoteiitiaries are authorized pe- remptorily to deny the ri^lit of the British government lu i:iterfere with the pacification of the Indian nations, and for that reason refuse all ne^fociatiions on the suhject, the undersig^ned are at a loss to understiind, upon what prin- ciple it was, that at the conference of the 9lh ultimo, the American Pleni|K>teiitiaries invited discussion on the sub- ject, anr) added that it was not possible for them to decide without discussion, whether an article coiitd be framed which should be mutually satisfactory, and to which they ■hould think themselves, under their discretionary powers, warranted in acceding-. The undersij^ned must further observe, that if the A- merican government has not fiirtiislied their Plenipoten- tiaries with any instructions since January last, when the general pacification of Europe could not have been im- mediately in contemplation, ttiis subsequent silence, after an event so calculated (even in the view which the Ameri- can Plenipotentiaries have taken of it, in their note of the 24th ult) to influence the negociation, is, to say the least, no proof of a sincere desire to bring it to a favorable con- clusion. The British government has entered into the ne- gociation with an anxious wish to effect an amicable ar- rangement. After convulsions unexampled in their na- ture, extent, and duration, the civilized world has need of repose. To obtain this in Europe, G. Britain has made considerable sacrifices. To complete the work of general pacification, it is her earnest wish to establish a peace witli the U. States, and in her endeavors to accomplish this ob- ject, to manifest the same principles of moderation and for- bearance; but it is utterly inconsistent with her practice and her nrinciples ever to abandon in her negociations for peace, those v»'ho have co-operated with her in war. • The undersigned, therefore, repeat, that the British gov- ernment is willing to sign a treaty of peace with the U. States on terms honorable to both parties. It has not of- fered any terms which the U. States can justly represent as derogatory to their honor, nor can it be induced to accede to any which are injurious to its own. It is on this gruiind that the undersigned are authorized distinctly to dechrc, 11 II lein uiiiicr the APPENDIX. 948 that they are instructed not to ftign a treaty of peace with the Plenipotenliunes of the U. Stales, uiile>s the Indian na- tions are included in it, and restored to all the nghtn, privi- leges, and lerritorie^^ which they enjo>ed in the year 1811, previous to the coiriniencement of (he war, by virtue of the treaty of Greenville, and the treaties subsequently conclud- ed between them and the U. Htates. Froui this point tht British Plenipotentiaries cuiinot depart. They are further instructed to offer for discussion an ar- ticle by which the ccntracting parties hhall reciprocally bind themselves, according to boundaries to be agreed up- on, not to purchase the lands occupied by the Indians with- in their respective lines of deuiarkalion. By making this engagement, subjr^ct to revision ut the expiration of a given period, it is hoped that the objection to the establisliment of a boundary beyond which the settlement of the United {states should be forever excluded, may be efiectually ob- viated. The undersigned have never staled that the exclusive miliUiry possession of the lakes, however conducivt^ they are satisfied it would be to a good understanding between the two countries, without endangering the security of the U. States, was to be considered as a sine qua nun in the negociation. Whenever the question relative to the paci- fication of the Indian nations (which, subject to Uie explan- ations already given, is a sine qua uoUy) shall be adjusted, the undersigned will be autliunzed to make a final propo- sition on the sultject of Canadian boundaries, si entirely founded on principles of moderation and justice, that they feel confident it cannot be rejected. This proposition will be distinctly stated by the undersigned, upon receiving an assurance from the American Plenipotentiaries that they consider themselves authorized to conclude a provisional article on the subject, and upon their previously consenting to include the Indian nations in the treaty, in the manner above described. The undersigned avail themselves of this opportunity of lenewins: t<* the American PlenipotenUaries, the assurance of the ir \wA\ consideration. GAMBIER, HENRY GOULBURN, WILLIAM ADA MS. I: m •ii h,; 1^ M:? J! • i 1H I' su AVPtasmx. The Auurican to the Hiilish Commissimvrs. Ghknt, St'pl. 2«, 1814. In replying^ to the nolo which the uii(lerMieci«illy such utt may have a UMidt-ncy to crciiU; inil;it!o . Tliey had hoped thai, in the same spir- it, the Bfitisli I'li'iiipoUMitiaries wonid not hive iho-^ght aU hi'r mii jcct of cuitlruvirsy exiNted ill n iMioii to tlic exti'iiNioo o( Uw bouiidur) line from the source of lliul n\er. Thiit river aitil itt sioiirce huvinuf heeii iiccor(lii-*;l\ iiHceiiuiiied, the underNig^ned, Hre |)re|>ared to proj^oNe (he a|>|UMiiliiHiil ot' coiiimi.H^iion- ern hy the two ^ovcroinciitN, to extend tiic hne to the hi^rhlnnds f'n"tV)riii:il>ly to the Ire:* I y of 17 H3. The pro- po.sMt, ho\V(!V(T« of (he HritiNh Pieni|ioten(ittrieM was not to uscerttiin, hnl to vary tho.se hies ui ttnch niaiiiier aft to Ke- ciH'e a dirrrt coniinuiiirittion helvvcen (^iic'ie(; ami Hali- fax ; an alteralioii hIucIi eould not he ttiV'c'tcd without a cession hy (he (T. HtalcN to Ci ikit;iiii ot all that portion of the state of iMaNsai'laiNt'lts iiilervennig; helweeu the pro- vince of Nes^ BruiiMWick and Qtiehec, although nnques- tionahly inchvted within (he boundary lines Hxed by that (retily. Whether it was contemplated on the pari of G. Britain to ohtaiii (he cession, with or without an equiva- lent in frontier or otherwise, the undersigned, in stating that they were not instructed or iiiilhorised to treat on the subject of cession, have not declined to discuss any matter of uncertainly or dispute which the British Plenipotentia- ries may p<»int out to exist, respecting the boundaries in that or in any other quarter, and are, therefore, not liable to the imputation of having rendered their powers on the subject nugatory or inadiiiissibly partial in their operation. The British Plenipotentiaries consider the undersigned as having declared, * that the LJ. Stales will admit of no line of boundary between their territory and that of the Iixlian nations because the natural growth and population of the U. States would be (hereby arrested,' The under- signed, on the contrary, e\|»ressly stated in their last note *tliat the lands inhabiled by the Indians were secured to them by boundaries, deHned in amicable treaties between them and the United States :' but they did refuse to as- sign, in a treaty of peace with G. Britain, a detinitive and permanent boundary to the Indians, living wilhin the lim- its of the U. States. On this subject, the undersigned have no hesitation in avowing, that the V. States, while inlend- ing never to acaiHKM', ()rogrrssiveiy, and in proportion as their 11 I •; i ■ ^i : (' • I dtO APHENOIX. pruwitKj-pofiihilion nin\ nqnire, lo rrrliiini from Ihe iitnie (»t tintiiir, iind tohrini; into ciillivniioii, cvurv |Hirtioii nt' the U-vrilon contninrd Hithin Ihcir tirkiioMlcn^ni ^N»iinclarie!i. In llins priiviilitt^r for Ihr An^iporl of millmiiH of civili/ed bcinjfM, \\wy will itot violiiti' fiii\ dirlatu of lustice or hii- m:niil}, forthe\ will not only ;^ivt.'to tlit* few ihouNaiidsav- H^eN, NralU'ri'd over IhHt Urritory, an niiipie t>c|uivatent for fltiy ripflit llicy nii)> Hiirrenilcr, ImiI will iilMays leuve them the pOMHessioii of IuihIm iiioi\' th.in they cnii cultivute, nnd more th:iii aiUqiiiile to their »iil>Misleiice, comfort, and en- joynieiil, hy rulliv-ilion. If this he a KjMrit of sitrsf>">indi/ement, the undersized are firepan d to admit, in Ihni HeiiNw, its existence; but they must deny that it aAords the sliirhtest proof of an in- tention not to respect the hoiindunes between them and European nations, or of a desire to encroach upon the ter- riloriesof (i. Brits.in. If", in llie progre.ss of their increas- ing' population, Ihe Aniericaii people must nndersiufued will hope that Ci. Bntatii, far from rcptmiio- at the prosper!, willc6:i- teniplale it wilh satisfarlion. Tlu-y will not suppose th-it that ^ovrnuneril will a\ow, as the basis of llieir policy to- wards the U. Smiles, the s>»ten) of arrestiuir their natural growth within iheir own territories, for (he sake of pro «ervi:ga perpetual desert for savaires. ll G. Britain has made sacribci'S to give repose to the ci\ili/ed world iu E;irope, no sacriHee is irrpiired Irom her by the U. Stales to coi»;j)lele :he -Aork oi j^t-ueral pacihealion. Thisnego- ciatioii at U ast evinces, on their part, no disposition to claim any other right, than ihal of presei'ving their inde- pendence entire, ai d of governing their own territories without foreign Jiitenereiiee. ' ' ' ' f u Of tlie two proctamutions, purported copies of which the British Plenipotentiaries have thought pro|)er to enclose ^Vlth their last note, the undersigned might content iheni- seives with remarking, that neither of them is the act ot the Auirncan government. They are enabled however to add, with perfect contidence, that neither of them was authorised or approved by that government. Tlie under- signed are not disposed to consider as the act of the firitihh guvernment, the proclumalion of Admiral Cochrane, here- with enclosed, exciting a portion of the population of the APl'CNDIX. 347 V'l (J. {^Inltm, uikUt lite proiivMC of niilllary employment, or of free ttcUleiiiciil iii llie WtHi-lmlLH, lo iritictifry aiul re- bellion. Tile iiuilei'Miuiu-d vt- r> <.iiii t>rf ly rfi{rtl lo lie (ibligeiito Nay, that aiiirrcsislihit iiiai>Mof evicleitce, (oitNiNt- inK |iriiici|mlly ot llie C(*rrt's|talili!the.s lM.'\oiui all raiiutial doubt, the fact, thai a coiiNtant M^Mt-iit of excilt'iiitnt tu those hoslililies wan piirKtU'il by the Drilish ti'ail« m ami a^eiil.s, \tho had ac- ceHstothe Indians, not oul} >»iUu>ut lieiii(;- diHcounlenanc- ed, but with fivquenl encoura^c-meiil by the British au- thorities; and that it tlh-y ever disMiadid the Ind.ans from commenciiii^hotitil.t.cs, il wis 0!d\ Uy nr}i;ini>; llu n , a^ in prudence, to siis|)end tlieir attacks, « nlilG. Jintain should recog^nize them as her allies in the Mar. When, iu the conterence ol'lht- 9th nit. the nndei'Hi&^ned invited diKCUMsioii upon the pi'upos;d < ' lndi>'ti >iacili<'ati«'i) and buundary, an uell as Ujon all the subjects preset «^d by the British Plenipoleuttares for discussiun, they i .| ressly stated their motives lo be, 1st, to a^Cfrlail> by dtscussimi whether an article on ihe subject could be Vuri^ied lo which they could subscribe, and which uuuld be s.ilisfaclory to the Brilisih PlenipulenUaries ; and 2dly, liiat if no such ar- ticle could be loimed, the American ]^overnnient nii<>hlbe informed of llie views of G. Britain upon thai point, and the British government of the objections oh lite part of the U. Stated, to any such arrangement. The undersij^ned have, in fact, already proposed no less than three articles on the subject, all of which ihey view as better calculated to secure ^leace and tranquility io the Indians, than any one of the proposals for that pc^ose, made by the British Plenipotentiaries. The undersigned had repealed their assurances to the British Pienipoleiitiaries, thai peace, so far as it depended on the U. States, would iinniediately follow a ptMXce with G. Britain, and added, tiiat the Indians would thereby be reinstated in the same situation in which they stood before the commencement of hoslililies. The British Plenipo- tentiaries insist, in their last note, that the Indian natiuiis shall be included in the treaty of peace between G. Britain and the U. Stales, and be restored lo all the rights, privi- leges, and territories which they enjoyed in the year 181 1^ •ji ; , m J:.iL I » m a 18 APPKNIJIX. ml ^jrcvious to the ronimencemeiit of tlie war, Uy virlneof the treaty otCircoMville, uiul the treaties Mulmequently con- cluded between (hem ai.d the U. Stated. betiin respect, as such. Thus to rt cognize these Indians as independent :\nd sovere gu nations, would ta!:e from Uie U. Stales, and transfer to those Indians, all the ri«rltts of soil and sovere igntv over tho territory which they inhabit; and this being accomplished through the agency of G Britain, would place them tiflfeclu- alty ii»d exclusively under her protection, instead ot being, as heretofore, under that of the U. Slates. It is not per- ceived in what respect such a provision would differ from an absolute cession by ihe U. Stales of the extensive terri- tory in question. ■ The British Plenipotentiaries have repeated the assertion, that the treaty by which the Indians placed themselves un- der the protection of the U. Stales, was abrogated by the war ; and thence mfer, that they are no longer to be con- sidered as under the protection of the U. Stales, whatever niay be the import of the term ; and that the right of G. Bri- tain to interfere in their behalf in the negoeialion of peace, can only be denied on the ground that they are regarded as subjects. In point of fact, several of the tribes, parties to the treaty of Greenville, have constantly been, and still are, at peace with the U. Stales. Whether that treaty be, or be not abrogated, is a question not necessary to be now discussed. The ritjbt of the U. States to the protection of APPENDIX. 3*«* llie Intlinns within tti' ir boundaries, was not acquired by lliiit ireatv ; it waH u necessary ruiisequence oH the <»over« eignty and independence of the U. fSlate«. Previous to that time the Indians hving within theKain£ territory, were under the protection ot'hi!» Britannic majesty, as iU sover- eign. The undersigned may refer the Briti>h Plenipu- tenlmries to ail the acts v-' their own government, rehitive to the subject, for proof, that it has alwa3s considered this right of protection as one of the ri S6% APPENDIX. .i 1 1 I ! 1 . i|. ' 1 *'.!-' h:- oi^rated with her in war, in nol applicable lo the Indians, bill on the erroneouH asMimption of Iheir inde|>eu(ience, ^hich, so fur as »he is roncerned han been fully itisproved. And althougfh no power from thexe tribes to the Briti.sli government to treat in their behalf, wonld for the same rea- son be admitted by the nndersigned, they may nevertheless observe, that the British Piempoteiitiaries havini^: produced no such powers, havin«r no authority to bind the Indians, to en^a^ for their assent to the pacification, or to secure the continuance of peaoe on their part whilst speakiiii^r of them as allies, do really propose to treat tor ihem not as if they were independent nations, but as if tliey were the subjects uf G. Britain. ' '(Lif tii;:'v.':i -^'vtri^lj'rti! ..•.* m ,, The undersigtted so far from asking that, in relation to the Indians, G. Britain should pursue a course inconsistent with her former practice and princif»les^onty desire that she would follow her own example res|)ecting them, in her for- mer treaties with other European nations, and with the U. 8tates. No provision tor the Indians is found in the treaty of 1763, bv which France ceded Canada to G. Britain, •d\- tliough almost all the Indians living within the territory ceded, or acknowledged to belong to G. Britain, had taken part with France in the war. No such provision was insert- ed in the treaty of peace of 1783, between G. Britain and the U. States, although almost all the Indian tribes living within the territory recognized by the treaty to betbng to the U. Skates, had during the war, co-operated with G. Bri- tain, and might have been considered as her allies more just- ly than on the present occasion. Ho far as concerns the re- lations between G. Britain and the U. States, these Indians can be treated for only on the principles by which amnesties are stipulated in favor of disafi'ected persons, who, in times of war and invasion, co-operate with the enemy of the na- tion to which they belong. To go as far as possible in se- curing the benefit of the peace lolhe Indians, now the only object professed by the British gx)veriiment in their present sine qua Mon, the undersigned oH'er a stipulation in general terms, that no person or persons, whether subjects, citizen«), or Indians, residing within the dominionsof either party, shall be molested or annoyed, either in persons or their property, for any part they may have taken in the war between the U. States and G. Britain ; but shall retain all the rights, privi- *v APPENDIX. 35t le^^es and posnesiiionii, which Ihey resperlivcly had ut Ihe cominencenitiit ut' the war ; liiev, uii llie.r purt dtfiiittaiiin^ iheiiiseivf'N peuceuhlv, and codl'uriuahiy to their duties to the respeclivfi |;rovt;riinient». — This the niideiMigned have no doubt will eB'tcluall) secure to the Indians jh. ace, if ihey themselves wiU observe it, and they wdi luU suppose that G. Britain would wish Iheui included in the peace but up* on that condition. ;^'dl ft: itu- "i'he undersi^rntd have never intimated that their govern- ment had not furnished tluut with any lustmctionH since Jan- uary last. On the contrary, they distinctly tuld the British Plenipotentiaries in cont'eience, though it appears to have escaped their recollection, that instructions had been re- ceived by the undersigned, dated at the close of the mouth of June. The undersigned will now add, that those in- structions were drawn with a full knowledge of the gener- al paciiication in Europe, and with so liberal a considera- tion of its necessary bearing upon all the differences that had l>een until then subsisting between G. Britain and the U. States, that the undersi;>'ned cannot doubt that peace would long since have been coacluded, had not an insu- perable bar against it been raised by the new and unprece- dented demands of the Briiish government. With respect to the proposition vchichthe British Pleni- potentiaries inform them lliey will be prepared to make, in relation to the Canadian boundaries, w hich appears to them so entirety founded on principles of moderation and justice, but the nature of which they llniikpro|:er at present to with- hold, the undersigned can only pledge themselves to meet any proposition from the British Plenipotentiaries, character- ized by moderation and justi ce, not only with a perfect re- ciprocity of those sentiments, but with a sincere and earnest desire te contribute to the restoration of peace, by every compliance with the wishes of G. Britain, compatible with their duty to their country. The undersigned have the honor of tendering to the British Plenipotentiaries, the renewed assurance of their high consideration. J. a ADAMS, J. A. BAYAUD, H. CLAY, < JON A. RUSSELL, A. GALLATliS.... i»» l» */ .^i it- 352 APPKNDIX. r I if. The British lo the American Cunimissionrrs. f'Hf:xT, Oct. 8, IftU. ' The undersigned have the honor to acknuwiedp^e thn receipt of Ihe note of the Plenipolenliaries of the IT. States, dated on the 29 ult. As the continuance of the neg-ociation txcUisively de- pends upon the question relating to the pacitication and rights i. ihe Indian nations the undersigned are unwiMino' to extf u; vheir observations to the other subjects brotight forwt 1 .n the note of the American Plenipotentiaries, further than may be required for necessary ex|)lanation. li adverting for this purpose to the acquisition of Louis- iana, the undersiirned must observe, that the uistrument by which the consent of tiis Catholic majesty is altedged to have been given to the cesHion of it, has never been made pubiic. His Catholic majesty was no party to the treaty by which the cession was made, and if any sanction has been subsequently obtained from him, it must have been, like other coleniporaneous acts of .that monarch, iuvolu.i- tary, and as such cannot alter the character of the trans- action. The Marquis of Yrujo, the mniister of his Catho- lic majesty at Washington, ui a letter addressed to the President of the V. States, formaily protested against the cehsioh, and the right ol France to make it. Yet, in the face of this protestation, so strongly evincing the decided opinion of Spain as to the illegality of the proceeding, the President of llie U. States ratified the treaty. Can it bo contended that the annexation of Louisiana, under such cir- cumstances, did not mark a spirit of territorial aggrandize- ment ? - His Britaunic majesty did certianly express satisfaction when the American government comuutnicated the event, thatLouisiana, a valuable coiony in the possession of France, with whom the war had just been renewed, instead of re- maining in the hands of his enemy, had been ceded to the U. States, at that time professing the most friendly dispo- sition towards G. Britain, and an inl ntinn of providing for her interest in the acquisition. But the conditions un- der which France had acquired Louisii\na from Spain, were not communicated ; the refusal of Spain to constMil to its alienation was not known ; the protest ot her embas- sador hud not been made, and many other circumstanc(fs APPnNDIX. a5:i .ilteiidmjr thelraiisaclioii, on wlncli it is now ummrcsjiary t«» tlii^k'. wfn*, iis ilieie i.-i oood rcusiuii lo believe, iudu.>lrt- ou> y cotict'alf«l. • i », The proDlolM sj)irii of ji^rfrramli/cnienl, wh ch ihc un- ilersi|^iied h ul iletliiced tVum ihe lioslile sei lire of u great pari of the FioiKlas, mi ler ll»e iiio.>l t'rivoloiis preteiiccv, remains uiiteliiled > and llie uiidersi^i'^d are cciviiiced that the occasion und <;;)'euuistiihces under which thai un- wuiranlahle act of ngifiess.on took iiUue, have given rise throughont Ciii'o|te lo bitl Oae MentiDteiit hh lo the character ot ihc transaction. After tlie previous comiuunication which the under- "ifrned have had the honor t)f receiving from tlie Aiueri- can Pienipotenliaries, they coulii not but fcei much 8ur,riz- ed at the inforaialion contained in their lant note of their having received instructions dated subsequently to Janu- ary, 1814. The undersigned have no recollection vvl.at- ever of die Aniericau Pieni|jotentiaries having coaimunicat- ed lo tliem) either collectively, or mdividual!v at p. confer- ence or otherwise, the receipt of inslructions from the gov- eriiiueitt of the U Stales dated at ttte close of the month of June, and they must remind ihe American P.enipotentia- ries that their note oi the 9th ult. distinctly .•dated that the iu'dructions of January, 1814, were those under which they were acting. It therefore, the AmeriraM Plenipotentiaries received instructions drawn up at the close of the month of .lune, with a liberal consideration of the late e\entsiii Eu- ropt, lh» :i!iUers*giu-«i ha\e a right lo complain, that while til'. Aniencan g<>verninentjuslly considered these events as havin;^ a necessary bearing on the existing ditierences be- tween the two countries, the American Pienipotentiaries ^;hould nevertheless have preleried acting under instruc- tions, which, from iheir date, must have been without the contemplation of such events. '• '\ * The British government never required lliat all that por- tion of the slate ot Massachusetts intervening between the proviitce of New Brunswick and Quebec, should be ceded to G. Britain, but only that small portion of unsettled coun- try vvliuh interrupts the communication between Halifax ai.d Q.Mei)ec, there heiiig much doubt whether it noes not already l)eloiio to (i. Bniain. • ^^ ; " T ?. ■'f ,>!*•>. 'id 4^ •■!■ /^;-( ;<' it _.-4^0^^ i'' ! 't ri >■:. t Nfe^ iM.. *:m. ! Jt If ^r I 1:1 i'd 351 AFPK.NDIX. Tlif uii.iersignetl are at n loss to iiiulersluiul how \'\c(' A'imiral (. oi'hrane'iiproclaiiiatioii illuslnitt'N p.::\'' to|iic con- ncrled uitli llie present ne^nciation.or bears npon the con- rhiMun Mhich they contended was to be drawn from the two proriamations ollhe American (untiais. These pro- c!amatioii> distinctly avowiiig the iutenUon cf {he Ameri- can ixoveriHunl permanently to anncA the Cunadas to the U. ^'.aUs, wyre adduced not as a mailer o*'compi liai but 8:ropiy for 1 he purpose »>f proving' \vliat had bet.n d',- jed as a iact, VIZ. ihat such htKl been the dc 'iared intention of the Ann rican govrrnmenl. The nnro An^. and OlIiiiU. ihe Hritish i!;overiiinciit nrlnaily exerted llu;ir endeavors lo di^isuade the Indian nations from coiii- inencin^' it. As to the unworthy motive assigMud by tl;e American Fleui|iotentiaries to this inlert'trence so auiicahlv nnide on tliepart o'i (j. Jiritain, its utter iiiiprolmbdity is sutliciently apparent from considering by which party the war was fie* cbred. l^he undersig'ncd, therefore, can only consider it ns an additional indication of that hostile disposition, which ha?i led to the pr^^ent uidiappy war between the two roini- tries. So long as that disposition continues, it cannot but render any ttlorlon the part of G. Britain to terminate tins contest utterly unavailintf. , ; The American Plenipotentinries appear unprepared to state the precise ground upon which they resist the ri«;ht of his Majesty to negociate uith the U. States on behalf of ihe Indian nations, whose co-operation in the war his ma- jesty has found it expedient to accept. The treaty of Greenville, to the words, stipulations, and spirit of which the undersigned have so fiequently appeal- ed, and all the treaties prevuusly and subsequently made, oetwecn the U. States and the Indian nuiiuns, shew, be- yond the possibility of doubt, that the U. States have bet n in the habit of treating with these tribes as independent i na- tions, capable of maintaining the relations of peace and war, and exercising territorial rights. If this be so, it will be difficult to point out the peculiar circumstances in the condition of those nations, which should either exclude them from a treaty of general pacifi- cation, or prevent G. Britain, with whom they ha\e co-oi'e- rated as allies in the war, from proposing stipulations in their behalf at the peace. IJnles/i the Amencaii Pienipo- tentiaries are prepared to maintain what ihey have in eil'ect advanced, that although the I dian nations may be inde- pendent in their relations with the U. States, yt t tiie cir- cumstance of living within the boundary of the IT. Slates disables them from forming such conditions of alliance with a foreign power, as shall enlille that power to nego- ciate for them in a treaty of peace. i I'he principle upon which this proposition is founded, was advanced, but successfully resisted so far back as the treaty of Munster. An allempt was then made lo preclude .ISi I . *.r ii! Aiki APPKNDIX. f ! ■ Franro from necfocialiner in Iwhalf of ccrlam nlMen and nl- ies ill G"rm -ny, who Iiaptiet l)e:njf «ill m the bniindury of the Gtrinan empire, they oiijjht not to le nl'ou^edto become parties in ihe general p-.iciHration \v\\U the emperor of ([Jermany, nor oiiiiht F»;itice to he pernnU ted in that nejjociation to mix their rights and interests with her own. The American Plenipotentiaries probably aware that tlio notion of such :i qnaliHed independiMice, lor crrtain pnr- poses, and not for oth< rs, could not be maintained, either by argument or precedlefi- ti '»M^ liint- I II It'll inslioumjj to have < verbet-n rlHimed hht li Hivlsi II as incidi'nt lt» soverein^nly, navf been trannfrr- ivil by (i. Hnliiiii lo 5lu' l^ Sfalps, hy a treaty, to which the li (liiiii nnlioiis wvvv not pniliis. In llu' pciirt' o( 17(J.J, it was nol nrcessnry for (I. Britain to treat for the panficalion ot the Indian nations, and th^ Ilia nicnaijt' of tht*ir rijlits and privileg^rs, because iberr tiad bt^eti no Indian nations livin, to have much misunderstood the whole course of that ne^ocnition. It IS very true that the French government brought for- ward, at one p* nod of the negocialion, a proposition by vvhn h a certain territory, lying between the dominions of t)>e two contractin^- parties, was to have been allotted to the Indian nations. But it does not appear that this formed a pari of their ultimatum, and it is clear, that Mr. Pitt in his alls\^er, did not object lo the proposition. He oljected in- (leefi lo the proposed line of demarkation between the coun- tries belon^jiiij;- to the two contracting parties, upon the two grounds: Isl, tlial the proposed northern line would have given to France, what the French had themselves acknowl- eposed line of demarkation would have includ- ed W'thm the i oiindary of Lonisiana, the Cheerokecs, the Creeks, the Cliickasav^s, the Choctaws, and another nation, who occupied territories winch had never been included tiilhin the l>ouiidaries of that settlement. So far was Mr. Pitt from rejectiiig, as alledged by the American Plenipo- tentiaries, the proposition of considering Indian nations a barrier, that at one period of the negociation he complain- ed that there was no provision for such a barrier; and he thus energetically nrires his objections, in his letter to Mr. Stanley, the British Picniprlentiary at Paris, dated on the 20lh or June, 17«)1 ; * As to the fixation of new limits lo [i! ' lir^? ^iL ( J i ;i.i8 APPENDIX. CaiiaUii lowanis liic Oliio, it in cnptidiis and insirliout., thn»\vuoiU ill liojit', if ai^rteil to, lo nhorleii (lierchv ihu v'\. lent uC Ciiiiulii, untl lo leity^llieii the l)oiiii(i:ii'ieM ol Lotiiiit- iansi, and in tlie view to est.iblisili, whut mtiHl not bt* admit- ted, namely, that all whicii in not C.uiada ih IjOiiiHia>ia; Mrheroby all the intennf^diatc nationn and countries, llic true barrier to carh province, would be^iven up to France.' The utiderNi)rt)ed coutideiitly expect, that the \iii<>rican rieiiipotcnliarieH will not a^^aiii reproach the Iji^tiiiii prov- ernment with acting inconsistently wilh its toriiier practice ail i principles, or repeat the asserlion made in ii former linte, that adeii lilion of Indian bou uiarv, wilii a vitnv lo a neutral barrier, wan a new and iinpreee:ien(ed demand by any European power, and iiost ot all by G. Britain; lh(> very instance Kelecled by the American i'ieni|M)tintiaries, undeniably proves that such a proposition had been enter- tained both by G. Britain and France, and thai Mr. PiU oil the part of G. Britain had more particularly enforced it It remains only to notice two objections which the Amer- ican Pienipoteiitiaues have urged atraiiiNt the proposal ot Indian pa<;ificaUoit, advanced by the undersigned ; first, thal.it IS not reciprocal: .secondly, thai as the U. States could have no security ihat the Lidian nations would con- clude a peace on ihe terms proposed, the proposition would be in effect unilateral. The article now proposed by the undersigned, and here- w'th enclosed, is free from both objections, and appears to them so characterized by a spirit of moderation and peace, that Ihey earnest) \ anticipate the concurrence of the Amer- ican Pienipotentiai ies. In making a last effort in this stage of the war, the under- signed are not apprehensive that the motives which have influenced his royal highness the Prince Regent, to direct a renewal of the proposition, with its present modiiications, can be misunderstood or misrepresented. Whatever may be the result of the proposition thus offer- ed, the undersigned deliver it as their ullimalmn, and now wait with anxiety the answer of the American Plenipoten- tiaries, on which their continuance in this place will de- pend. •f 'i:i '*:»' t ■ ,. ,1, APPRNniX. .1,^9 TliA iiii(icrhi^ii(*(l ill IhcmMlvmof IbiM o|>|iorUii)ily (>r rriK'Witiif io ihe Amrricait Pi(Mii|Milriitiun('«i, tlie UMitiiniiire ol llicir hitfli coiiHiUi'i'iilinn. (MMHIRK. ' . . - MKNHVCiOlTLBC RN, niLLIAVI AI3AMS. "The IT. Slrtlcn of Annrim vni|fn{|^e Io put an nul, iiiw iiiediati'ly ut'tfr the rntifitntion (it'tnt* preMent IrcHty, to hoM- iilities, with till thf IriheH or iintionN of liidinnH i%ilh \vh«mi they may be Ht war, at the lime of Much ratificatioii, niul furthu'itji to rcMlore to xuch tribes or natioiiH, roNperliveiy, all the |)OHKf>,siiionN, ri^^htN and priviUnfeN, wlitch they may have ntjoyed or been I'lilitled to in IHIl, previous to such lioslilities: provided always, that such tribt-s in* nations shall agree to desist from all hostililits H^rainst the U. Stutts of America, their citi/A'iis and snltjects, upon the nitificatum ol the present treaty heii<^ noliHtd to such tribes or nations, and shall so desist U(reord«iiir|y. "And his Hritannic majesty eogap;es, on his part, to put an end, immediately after the ratification oi' the present treaty, to hostilities, with all the tribes or nations of Indians, with whom he may be at war, at the time of such ratifica- tion«aiid forthwith to restore to such tribes or nations res- pectively, all the possessions, ries or na- tions shall agree to desist from all hostilities aj^ainst his Bri- tannic majesty and his subjects, upon the ratification of the present treaty being' notified to such tribes or nations, and shall so desist accordingly.*' i i ' The American to the Ihilish Commissioners, * (iiiKNT, October 13, 1814. ' The nndersiiriied hnve the honor to acknowledire the re- ceipt of the iiolt of the Plenipotentiaries of his Britannic majesty, datei(;iiinKltlit' IraiisfiTol LoiiiHian:!, ortit i> nm-ic gi*eii bv hiH pfovcriiiiieiit for its cU'livtry to Fiamt- : ili:it ii was ill fiicU (lelivt'i'i'd a NJiorttiini' alU rllial reinonslraiM.'i ; and tint if the treaty by which the IT. States a(' oi di(^ S|>anisii monarch, nor the nderence wliicli tiie Biili>»h Pienipolenliaries would seem to deduce from it; on Ihu contrary, theaiiisent was voluntarily ^iven in ihevear 1801, by the hame king^ who, about the same time, ceded T in- dad to (i. Britain, and prior to the lime when he was a^ain en|»aj;ed in war with her. Tiie cession by France w isim- medialely comnmnicutcd to G. Britain, no circumsta ce aifectin^; it, and then within the knowledge oi the U. States, being iulenlionally concealed from her. She expresMil her satisfaction with it; and if in any possible state of the case she would have had a right to quiMtion the Iraosaclioti, it does not appear to the undersigned that she is now au> thorised to do so. After Nlaling, generally, that the proclamations of Gen- erals Hull ami Smyth were iieillnT authorized nor a|)prov- ed by their government, the undersigned could not have expected that the British Plenipotentiaries would suppose that their statement did not embrace Ihe only part of tho proclamations which was a Niibject of consideration. The undersigned had, indeed, honed, that by stating in their note of the 9ih ultimo, that the government of the IJ. States, from the commencement of the war, had been dis posed to make peace without obtaining any cession of tt'hi- lory, and by referring to their knowledge of Ihat disposi- tion, and to instructions accordingly given from .hil\, 18 1 J, to January, 1814, they would eifcclually remove the ini- pressioti that the annexation of Canada lo the V. States w.is the declared object of tlieir govcriunent. Not only have the undersigned been disappointed in this expnctation, bnl the oidy inference which the Jiritisli I'lrnipolenlianes havi; ▲mKMX. aci Uiooght proper to draw from this explicit ■tateinent, li«t been, thai eitlier the American goveriioitnt by not giving inNlructioiiM lubM^quent to tlie pucification of £uro|>e, or the undersigned, by not acting under luch uittructiont, (jfMve no proof uf a Hincere dettire to bring the urewent rego* (Mationnto a favorable concluMion. The uudemigned did nut nUnde, in reft>rence to the alledged intention to annex Canada tu lite U. Slatex, to any iimtructiona given by their ^overnmeut Nut»Mei|ueiilly to January la«t, becan§e, asking at thiN lime ior an uiceHMion of territory, it was only uf ita previous dinpoHitinn that it appeared necessary to produce uiiy pi'uiif. SueifuiieouM was ihe inference drawn by the British Plenipottntiuries, in both reMj>ects, that it was in vir- tue ot the iiiNtructiotis of June last, that the uudersigned were enabied, in their note of the 24lh of Aug. to state, that the causes ot the war between the U. States and G. Britain, having disappeared, by the maritime paciiication of Europe* they had been authorised to agree to its teriuination upon a mutual restoration uf territory, and without making the couchiition of peace to depend on a successful arrangement of tiiose points on which differences had existed. Consideinig the present state of this negociation, the un- dersigned wili abNtain, at this time from adduciug any evi- dence or remarks upon the iiiHuence which has been exerted over the (iidian tribes inhabiting the territor'es of the U. States, and the nature of those excitements which had •been employed by British traders and agents. The nrgiiments and facts already brought forward by the luuiers.gned, respecting the politcal condition of those tribes, tender it unnecesNary for them to make many observations on those of the British Pienipotentianes on that subject. The treaties of 1760, and 1783, were those principally al- luded to by the undersigned, to illustrate the practice of G. Britain. She did not admit in the first, nor require in the last, any stipulations respecting the Indians who» in one case, had been her enemies, and in the other, her allits, and who, in both instances, fell by the peace within the doinin- iuns of that power against whom liiey had been engaged iq the preceeding war. • The negociation of 1761 was quoted for the purpose of proving, what appears to be fully established bv the an- swer of England to the ultimatum of France delivered on 46 h /" m M2 APPENDIX. * 4 s 1^ r i i ;^. the first of Sr()lpniber of Ihnl year, thnl liis Britannic ma- jesty 'w oil!d ^(M rpnonrue his right of pi olectiou over the In- o.s<> ul the same tiiue recip* rooal, \s not babic to that objection ; and accoril.s with the views uniformly professe.) by the uu(lersi«;neil, of placing these tribes precisely, and in every respect, in tlte same sit- uation as that in which they stood before the commence- ment > '^'hostilities. This article, thus proposm*; only what the undersigned have so often assured the Brili!»h Pleiiipo- tenliaries would necessarily follow, if indeed it has nut- al- ready, as is highly probable, preceded a peace bilween G. Britain a J the U. States. The undersigned agree to, ad- mit it, iu instance, as a pruvUiunat article, su jcct, in the manner orig^inally proposed by the British y^overt.uient, to the approbation or rejection of the government of the IJ. States, which, haviny; given no instriuhons to the under- signed on this point, caunut be buuiid by any article they may adpiit on the subject. i-jji.i,: It will, of course, be understood, that if, unhappily peace should not be the result of the present negociatiou, tiie arti- cle thus conditionally agreed to shali be of no effect, and shall not, in any future uegociation, be brought tprward byr either party, by way of argument or preoedent. This article having l>een presented, as an indispeusibie preliminarVf and being now accepted, the undersigned re- quest the British Plenipotentiaries to commuuicate to them the project of a treaty embracing all the points di-cmed ma- terial by G. Britain; the Ukidersigned engaging on their part to deliver immediately after, a counter project with res- pect to all the articles to which ihey may not agree, and on the subject deemed material by the U. States, and, which may be omitted in the British projt^ct. m' ■■>!% ^ JOHN a ADAMS, J. A. BAYARD, R. CLAY, . JONA. RUFSKLL, A. GALLATIN. > « J ,.! « 2Vie Brilish to the American Commissioners. Ghent,, October 21, 18M. The undersigned have had the honor of ivceuiiig the note of the American Plenipotentiaries of the l^th inst ^h .*, # • ilfi I- Ifi^ I ( :li ■ !' t SG4 APPENDIX. communicatinsf their nrceptance of tlie ;trlicie uiiicii tli< tinde* signed li-ui proponed imi tlie stilijecl ot'liie puciHc:itioii and ri^hU of the Indian natiotiii. The undentig'nid are happy in lieino- (ijns relieved from tlie necessily of recurnnsc to severni topics, which Ihon^h they aroftein the coarse of their disnissions, have only ;ut incidental connection wilh the dirt'erencc reinainini: lo lit. adjn^ed between the two coiinlries. With a view to this adjustment the undersigned prtfer- ing^ in the present state of the negociation a general state- ment of the formal arrangement of nrticles, are willinn- mi far to comply with the request of the American Plenipoten- tiaries contained in their last note, as to wave the udvan • ttfjjres to which ll't-y think ihey were fairly entitled, of requi intf from them the first project of a treaty. Theundersigiied haiving stated at the first conference tic. points upon which his iimjesly's government considered the discussions between the two countrieii as likely to turn, cannot better satisiy the request of the American Plenipo- tentiaries than by referring them to that contierence for » statement of the points which, lu the opinion of his majesty's government >el remains to be iidjugted. With respect to the forcible seizure of mariners from on board merchant vess Ls on the high »eas, and the right ot the kinff of G. Britain to the ahegiance of all his subjects, and with respect to the maritime rights of the British em> pire the undersigned coitceive, that alter the pretensions as- serted by the gtiVernment of the U. States, a more satisfac- tory proof of tlie conciliatory spirit of his Majesty's govern* luent cannot b^ given than >o\ requiring any stipulation on those subjects, which thoiig|) most important in themselves, 11^ longer in consequence of tl}e ntarilime pacification of Europe, produce the same practical results. * On the subject of the fisheries the undersigned expressed with so much frankness at the conference already referred to, the viewsof their goveromtnt, that they consider any further observations on that topic as unaecessary at the preseultime. Oil the question of the boundary between the dominions of Ins majesly and those of the U. Slates, the undersigned are led to expect from the discussion which this subject has aJready undergone, that the northwest boundary from tin; lake ol the Woods to the Mississippi, the intended arrange-; ment of 189-3, wdi be admitted without objection. APPENDIX :J05 ave oiilv ;ni In re««;ar H.GOULBURN, .-t.ti ., . ,' u,'u . ■ ,...'i ^>:t i ■ W. ADAMS. ii>; l.iM I ■■>. .i The American to the British Cummissioners. »Jj . j ' i= (jHEKt, Oct. 24, 1814. The undersigned have the honor to acknowledge the vccei|>t of the note of the British Plenipotentiaries of the 2 1st inst. Amongst the general observations which the undersign- ed, in their note of the 'i4th Aug. made on the propositions then brought forward on the partot' 'he British government, they remarked that these propositicr.^ were founded neith- er on the basis of uti possideliSt nor on that of status ante bellum. But so far were they from suggesting the uti pos- .sidetis as the basis on which they were disposed to treat, that in the same note they expressly stated that they had been instructed to conclude a peace on the principles of both parties restoring whatever territory they might iiave taken. The undersigned also declared in that note, that they had no authority to cede any part ot the territory of the U. States, and that to no stipulation to thaleti'ect would they subscribe ; and in the note of the Ulh Sept. after hav- ing shewn that the basis of uti possidetis, such as was known to exist at the commencement of the negociation, give no claim to his Britannic raajesly to cession of territory found- ed upon the right of conquest, they added that even if the chances of war should i?ive to the Br^tl^!l arms n nr>mcntii- r ' 30ti APPLNUIX. Urs. . 1 ill 4 I ! I ry possession of other purls of Ihe Urritorv ^'f tlie V. Stat kiicli eventd would iiul ulU^r their views wiUi ret^aici lo tiic terms of peace lowhicli Ihey would (r;vc tlieir coiiHciit. • The uudersi^iied can now only repeat those declaral ions and decliitt Irealinj;^ njion Ihe btisis ut uli |K)sMdelis, or uiu on any other nrinciple involving a cession ut anv part ot the leirilory 4>f the U. blates. As they have unitornilv staled, they can treat only upon the pnnnple of inntiit . J. A. BAYAllD, A. GALLATIN, c H. CLAY, , 'Ihe BiUiih to Ihe American Commissioners. Ghent, October a 1st, 1814. The undersigned have the lionor to acknowledge the re- ceipt of the note addressed lo them by the American Pleni- potentiaries on the 21lh inst. in which they object lo the APPENDIX. 367 basis of uli possidetis proposed by Ihe undrrsi^ed as that on whirli IIh v are willing to Irenl in rt giird to part of the Ixinthlaries lu>tv\een the dotniniuiis of \ns Majtst) and those of the U. States. The Amerirftn Pleni|>otenliaries in iheirnote of the 13lh inst. rerpK sIkI the iiudeistoriu'd to rominaoirale to them Ihe piojeet of ;i treaty enihracin;^ all the pointH iiiNiMted on hv (i. Brilain, euj^ai^'iiio^on their part to deliver imme»liate- Iv after a roonlre project as to all the artielefiio which they iniLcht no* affiee, and as to all the Mubjecl^ deemed material bv thr V. btates, and omitted in the project of the uiiuer- siofnejected to one es- sential part of the project thus communicated : but before the undersijTned can enter into the disnission on this ob- jection, they must require from the American Plenipoten- tiaries tha', pursuant to iheir en5:^a!]cement, they will deliver a counlre project containing n!l their objections to the points submitted bv the undersijrned toji-elher with a statement of such further points as the government of the tJ. States con- sider to be material. !'->..(•'•;. ,'■ . « The undeisiffiied ar^ authorised to state distincl]y» that the article as to the pacificaiion and rights of the Indian nations havino- |>een accepted, they have brought forward in thetrnote of the 21st inst. all the propositions they have to ofter. They have no farther demands to make, no other stipulations on which they are instructed to insist, and they are empowered to sign a treaty of peace forthwith in con- formity with tho«e staled in their former note. Tiie undersigned trust, therefore, that the American Plenipotentiaries uill no longer hesitate to bnng forward in the form of articles or otherwise, as they may prefer, those specific propositions upoii which they are empowered »o sign a treatv of pence between the two countries. ' -^^ i GAMiiIEK, ' ' ' * HKNKY GOUUUTRN, ■ ' ■ '■' ^- ' ■ W. ADAM}?. I W' «-> w i I 3ds APPEND! .K. /^ *«' f* ^0 m«^: TREATY OF FE.ICK, JAMES MADISON. PRESIDF.XT OP TIIK ITNITF.D STATKS 0FA3IER1(:4. T't nU and ningulnr to w/tom Uw*r. preatntt akaU come, UrttUng • '. WliEUh^ AS ii treaty of piuce unid eight hundred and fourteen, by the Ptenipo- tccw.irieti res(»eclively appointed for that purpose ; and the said treaty having been, by and with the advice and con- sent of the Senate of the U. Slates, duly accepted, ratiiled, and conHrmed, on the seventeenth day^of February* one thotian<^i:d agreeably to the tenor ol the suid i ealy, which is lu Uu- words following, to wit: 'i reahj o/ peace andamitij Ochi'een his Hritanniv Ma- . , jcsly (tnd the diUed tSlates of America. His Brilaiinic majesty and the IJ. Slates of Amerir;;, desirous of teruiinating the war which has unhappily sub- misled between the two countries, and of restoring-, upon principles ot perfect reciprocity, peace, friendship, and good understanding between iheni, have, for that purpose, appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say : his Britannic majesty, on his part, has appointed the righl honorable James lortl C'ambiei\ late Admiral of the whiti, now Aflmiralofthe red squadron of his majesty's fleet, '/c/^r;/ Oimlburn, Esquire, a member of the iinptrial pailianieiil and under secretary ofstafe, and \\ iilunn Adaws, Esqnirt, doctor of civil laws: — and the President of the IJ. States, by and with the advice and consent of the senate thereof, Jias ap|)ointed John Quincif AdamSy James A. liayard-^ Henry Claff, Jonathnti Jtussallt and Albert CaUatitiy c\\i- zensv.*'the LT. States, who after a reciprocal commiinicii- lion of their respecli .^ full powers, have agreed upon llu following articles : ARTICLE rUF FIKST. There sha!l be a firm and universal jieare between h\i- Brilannic majesty and the United Stales and between their respective countries, territories, cilies, towns, and people of every degree, without exception of places or persons All hostilitK s, both by sea and kind, shall cease as soon n.-i this treaty shall have been ralitied by both parties, as here AJ^PKNIHX. dd^ inafler iDcnlioned. All hriiUiry, places ami poasessions ^lititHUi Vi:r, l/tki-ii from eillitr |ii»ilv l>> llic olliei, tiuriMg the Mur, or whuli inu\ he lakeii atlir the sii>iiiiig ut thin trt'uty, excepting only Ihc islaiuls here luaJitr iiieiilioi't'il, siisillhe re^lortd uithuut deiay, and >\ithout causing- any ♦leHtriicljoii, or carrNinir avvav any ot" the artjller\ or olher puhlic p|-(ip(M'tv originally ca] tiir<-(l in the MU.d torls or places, and which shah remain Ihcrt in n|'on lh«? i xchaogu ol l\u ralificalioi.H ot this Irealv, or any siavis or other nri- Vule properlv. And all archives, recitrtU, deeds, and pa- pers, either ot" a puhlic n.tture, or beloi gi<.«j to private per- l reman m tla |(>sses- sioii ot the partv in whose occUj alion lhc\ ina\ le at the lime of the exchaM«e ot the lal.iications ol this Unatv, un- til the decision rcspeciiii;^ the title to the said isiaiMis shall havehcen made in conl'ormdy with ihefcurlh article ot this treaty. No disposition made hy this treaty, as to such pos- session of the islands and ten ilones claimed by holh par- ties, shall in any mam. er vshatever, he construed to atiect Ihe right of either. , , AKTlCLi: THE SKCOXD. Immediatt;Iy alter the ralilication ol this treaty hy both parlies, as heicniM'ter mentioned, orders sha:! be sent to thv: armies, squadrons, oHicers. suhjects and cili/.eiis, ol the two powers to cease from all hostilities : and to preven* all causes of complaint which miij;hi arise on account ot ihfc prizes which may be taken at sea alter die said ralifica- hons of this treaty, it is reciprocally aa;reed, that all vessels and elVecls which may bi- taken aittr the space ot twelve days h om the said ratilications, upon all parts of the eoast <>i North America, from ihe latitude of lvvent\-lhree degrees north, to the latitude of fifty degrees north, ami as far east- ward in the Atlantic ocean, as Ihe thtrls-sixth de<^n < of west loiitj;ilu{le from the meridian ol Greenwuh, sliall be restored to each side. That ihe lime shall he thirty tlavs 111 all oilier parts of the Atlantic t cean, north of the i qui- nocl?al line or ecpiator, and the sauie lime fot tiie BrilisU !i! 1 .» ;. 47 , ■ :-; . ' ns ,fj iii t n ^ •iJ 'i i !'^ - ' 870 .4M>i;M>rx. i»n<1 Irish rlnniiclN, for the Ciiilf of ISFcmco aud »!) (isirU ol* llie West IihIhh; forty vni!;' the (hi)lN which they may have contracted durm^jf ihi'ir captivity. 'I'he two eonlractiiii»- parties respectively fn;4^;ij^t* to y thti second article in the treaty olpeocc, of one thoii'^ai-dsfxen hundreil and ei<;htV- three, lu'l ween his r>ntatniic majesiy and ti.e IT. Stales of America, that the honndaiy oi the U. Staters should com- prehend all islands witliin lv\nitv leiiones of ai-y psirt of the slnu'es ol Ihe V . Stales, and Ivin^' i>elv\een hues to be rehended within their aforesaid boundaries, which said ishuuts are claimed as IwloMi^ino" lo his Britannic majesty, ns havinj[>; been at the time of, and previous to, the atoresaid treaty of one thou- SHint srven hundred and eiuhly three within the limits of the province of N;»va Scotia : in order, iherefore, finally to deciile Uj»on these claims, it is ajrreee sworn iiu|*iirliail> io c-viMiiiiu! tiud lUcuit* ii|)«>ii the said claiiiiM accoriiuiu' lo KUrh fHtUncc an sinill itc hint In'tore thcni oil the part ot his linlaiiiiu* niujrstN and ot the I'liited Stales respectively . 'I'te >ai(l eniniiiisN outTN shall meet at .St. AiulrewH, iiillu' provmeeol New liriiiiswiek, and shall have power to adjoum to siuh other plure or ptaceH as they .shall think Hi. Tiie >aid <-(>iiiiiii!, in contorniitv with I lie true intent oi the saul treuly of peace ot one tiiousand seven hundred and eiuhlv -three. And it the said couinnssi oners shall a^ne in their decision, buth parlies hIiuiI consider .snch decision as iinai and conctnsive. il is further agreed, that in the event of the two coniniis.sioiier» diHierin^ Ujion all or anv of the matters so relerred to them, orin :he event of both or either ot the said coinnnssioners refiisi.i^ or urpose, and who shall be requested to decide oo the differences which nia\ be slated in the satd report or reports, or u on the report of one commissioi.er, to^^etiier with the grounds upon which the other commissioner shall have refused, dechneii or omitted to ac. as ihe case may be. And if the commi^sio. ers, so reiusnig', declining', or omit- tin^j^to act, sh.ill also wiliuiiy umil to stale the grounds up* on which he has so done, in such manner that the said statement niav be rtitrred lo such fr>endly sovereign or state, together with the report oi such other commissioner, tlien such sovereigM or s>ate shall decide ex parte U|>on the said report aioiie. And Ins Britannic majesly aid the government of the U. Stales engage to consider the deci- sion of some fneiidlv M)veretgnor stale to be :»uch and con* elusive on all the mailers .:o referred. ,■.■■■ . , -., . . .>,.f I' , • ■Mr' « 1 ! . ."* lii; 37e ;^J AI*VCMUi:. ■" AP.TH l.r, TIIK FfFTII. ^ " ^^ .ifrcns iieillifr tliiit |MMiit ot Ilit* tn^MiiiHlsi iv liii^ ciiu noillt troiii lilt' Koiinc of |Jk» nvrr Si. C'nux, ;tiul jI MirmiU «d htMi.idiiry line hflwccii ilic. (loiniiiioii ot IIk; two powers whirli cxl* mis from llie sutirce of iIk river St. Croix direelly north to the aboveinentioued north-west nii^le of No\}i ^t•oll:l, thence uloiigp the nuuI liiirhlniids which divide thoMC ri\ers that emptj theniNetveh into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall mio the Atlantic ocean to the north-weslernmosi head of Connecliciit i'iv«i, thince down aloneower to j[id|Otirn to such other place or places us they shall think iii. The s;nd coinmissiouers shall have power to as- certain and dcturmiiie lite points abo^e menlioiied, in con- formity with the provisions of the said treaty of pe:ice of one thousand seven hundred ai.d eighty-three, and shall cause the honndary aloresaid. from the souict) of the river Si. Croix to the river Iroquois or C.tiurag'ny, to be survey- ed and marked according to llie said provision;^. The said commissioners sh:ill make a map of the said boundary, and annex to it a dt^laration under their ha (Is and seals, certi- fyii g; It to be ti.e true map ot die said boundary, and par- ticuhu'i/.in^j^ the latilmie and longitude of the north-west an- gle *)f Nova Scoliit, of the nortli-weslenimost head of Con- necticut river, ad of such otjur por.its of tlie same bounda- ry as they mu\ deem proper Aixl both parlies agree to coiiKider such map and (teclaralion as litudly and conclu- sively fixing the sani boumiarv. And in the event of the bald Iwocommis-i oiers ditier.ntr, or both, or either of them, refusing' or declining, or wilfuiiy omitting' lo act, such re- ports, PRXDIX. 876 eiqfii or ^\'t\*', ^liall l>r niiHip. in nil r^«»p«rl« a< in ll»r Inlter |mrt ni' th«' Courlh .iniclf ih coiititiiKNl, .tiiil in n^full a iiiaii- II ur iiM il lilt !»;iiii«: wns li« mil r<-|M*:Ut it. Al(iiri> TIIK MXTII. Wliercas l>v lliv Ionium- trr;ity ol |i<>-,ire th:it fiortion ol the lHMiii(ltirv ot llii* II. St:iU'H irom ilir |>oiiit wlirre tli^ iort\-titlli iicurrtt ot iiorlli liitiiudc Hlrikfx lh«- rwcr lroc|uoi» or Cutiini(i^ii\ lo ilie Itikc hii|)cri(ir, HaN(U'chu'f*(l to Ix; 'uIod^ \hf. iiiuldic III Mill river mio hike Oiituno, throii|rh thf uiiiiflle of Kind hike iiniil il sliiki h the roniiiiiiiiK'MlM'ii Uy WHier hetwi en that lake fui'l l;>ke Krie, lhfti>t helvvfM'ii that lake and lake Super. or* And Mtn-n'Uit d:)iihtrered- ing' arlicli-, unless otherwise speeitied in tins pit sent arti- cle. The said commissioners shall meet, ni the Hrst in- stance, at Aihany, in the stale of Nev\-Vork, and shall have power to adjourn to such other phiet; or ..laces as they shall think tit. The said eoinmissioners shall hy n re|)ort or declaration, under then* hands and seals, designate the boundary through the said rivi-r, lakes, and water comniu- Tiicalioiis, and decide lo which of the two contracting par- ties the several islands lying within the said river, lakes, niid water cotumunieations, do i'es|)eclively heiong, in cou- Ibrmity with the true in'ent of the said treaty of one thou- sand seven hundred and eighty-three. Aiid hoth imrlies agree lo consider such a74 APJPEMIIX* lli ^ ■i -H iJ^i •r ARTICLt: THE Sf:VENTII. i^if^fjV.H II is further n^recil ihiil Uie Kaicl iwo la^ii uiKler their iforeNiiid, (itute hem, and |»ar- oitt north- wes- of Kuch oilier 1 pro|»er. And tioii unci d< i'i> LMit of the said er ot tlieiik re- Hiich re I Kilts them, or eilh- \ soveiei^ii or l-alier put of J. iiiiuiiier as if *i >■••• ^-f^i^^H* mentioned iii \ have power snrveyors or lJii|dicaleN of neiiUs, and de- iirnul ot ther HtfeiitK ot his . htates who t;d to mantig^e iimetilM. Tiie in such uiau> J lif r ns shall be agreed lietwecH the t«vo contracliiisr |mHies, mieh Hj^reenieni l»eiiiiif to be neltleit a> the time of the ex- dniuure of the ratiticalioiiB of this treaty.— > A i»d all other ex|ie u'eN atteiidin^c the hum) commiiMiotierw shaH bedefmy- eoiiited^ and the new couiiniMNioaer NJiail lake the same oath or af- tirniitiion, and do the same tiutieN. U is further agreed iietweeo the two coittract ng' parties, that in case any of the ishiiuU mentioned in niiy of the preceduig articles, which ^%ere in possewstuii of one of the p:trties prior to the com* me .eeinent ot the |)reseiil war t»etM^en tlie two countries, should by the deci>iton ot any of the boards ot commission- ers aforesaid, or ot the so\ereiirii or state so referred to aft in tliM four next preceding arlu'les coiUained, fall within . the dotiiinioisH of the other parly, all grants of laud made jiievious to the couiuient'einetil of the war by the party hav- ing had such |3ossesMioit, shall be as valid as if such island or Islands, hud by such deciMion or es or oittions i>f Indians with whom they may be at war, at the lime of such raliiication, and lorlhvvith to restore to such tribes or nalions, respectively, all the possessions, righls and privilfges, which they may liave enjoyed or been entitled lo in liil 1, previous fo such hoslihlies: provided always, that such Iribes or nations shall agree lo desist from all liostililies against the U. Slates of America, their cilizens and subjects, upon the ratiticatioti of the present treaty beiins shall be ex- chanpfedat Wiushint^ton, in (he space uf four uiuitlhs from this day or sooner tf practicable* ;mj"ja .»*,;* In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have . signed this treaty, and have Ihereuntu affixed our stals. Done, in tri|)licate, at Ghent, the tweiity-iourth day of Derember,oiiethou.saiid eiy^lit hundred and fourteeu» 4» (V. a) Cl. s.) (h. s.) (L. s.) (L. S.) (L. S.) (l. s.) {h. S.) •«l f'l-- GAMBIKH, IIENUV GOtILBURI>r, WILLIAM ADA VIS, JOHN a ADAiM;?, .1. A. BAYAHD, a mi> H. CLAY, fi'ffi,Um« JOIN A. Ur'^'^ELL, ^liUi* A GALL. i\. me Now therefore, tu the end that (he sflid treaty ot \u ^rv ant' aiuily may be observed with gaot) faith, on the part of th : U. Hiates, I, Junics Miiili' i9on, President as aforesaid, tiare c>(used the preiiiiscs tu be itiade |iubllc ; and I do hereby enjoio all persons bearine; of ice, civil or inttilary, with- iotheU. States, and all other ciiisens or inhabitants thereof, or bfinQ within the same, fai Jifully to observe aitd fulfil the said treaty and every i.lause and article thereof. In testimony whereof, I have caused she seal of the U States to be affix (ij. 8.) ed to these presents, and nivned the same \vith my hand Done at the city of Washingtun, this eiirhteenlh day of February, in Ihe year of our Lurd one thousand eight hundred and fifteeo, and of She . sovereignty and independence uf the U. Stales the thirty ninth. By the Pr.^;ldent, JAMES MADISOJ^. JAMfi^ MONROE, AcUng Seerelary of S!ale. it^ii»}.- iUM Jtitftfjirsi^'fA ??ri: I tribes or na- ^a tMi bw Bri- Hcaliuri of llie Dulioiia, and ^^^.,»^ LIST OF VES.^ELS^ r- -^-, .-- TAkBV yftOM GREAT BRITAIN, BY TUG rUBUC AN]> PRIVATE AUAieO VCSSKM <>r Till;: UNITED STATESy DVRLS'G TUE irjR. Js'atnet nfve$tela. I scli'r. WbitiDgtt brig UiyMM 3 bri(( Gjrpftey 4 brig Pickerine a -"hipRoba &i. Betsey H ihi|i IJl^argaret 7 'raiispurt No. fiO» 8 ^rig Bloodhound* 9 Moop— I0-2CJI1 transport boats* 2 1 -«hip Concord 22 Mg Elbe 2d brig Hermm 24-2' H brig and acb'r 26 ship Jane 27 ^hip Emperor 28 iibip Experiment 2d-32 % ships and bri^s 3d chV Wade brig Eliza 35-37)3 shallops 38 39 40 41 42 \6 47 48 4» brig- loop Endeavor brig Juoo urig— 6 nkin Ay the f Jrrittd ai Hampton Roa4l. Norfiilk t» New-York Gloueesier Charleston iPortland jGloocester Aiinapolia Potneyville Oicdensburg Salem do. do. do. Oloucesteh Gun Boatsf pt.M«ry'g do. I do. 43-45 * sch'rs brig Wabtsch ch'r Ann schV Pindar ship Jarrett ^0-52 3 schooners 53 schooner— 64 scb'r Ann 35-53 4 scbou;aen. AH brig — ,• * tiO schooner — t) 1 schooner— 02 moop— as isch'r Fanny 18 Mte' do. Revenue Cutterf Madison Lion iLion &. Snowbird Polly Madison do. do. JefftTSon Dolphin Nonfiareil Gun B'laisf Fair trader do. Dolphin do. feflTer kDoTphin Dolphin Lion Argus Fdly 1llo)|)hin Buckskin do. Amelia Salem Slarbleheail do.^ Salt-m M *<^ (do. Cape Ann do. Sulem do. Charleston Amelia Sah-m do, made a cartel Safem do. dp.' Harblfchead l*ortUiM. Sal«m ' Bi^lmore' Salem i\ IM- »«» in -ft? 'J ft; km f ( ■jf iii-Gsh schooners Xele. Thote marked tcilh a [«]Fr«re H, EL. Ma§t^jf» pMU »eijf^ ] ml those wUk a Ij-jars U. Sf. pubttc rnssei* -y-f ^< ijutj^i; ^ J-^Xjii.i-Cfcf i c 378 AIM'ENOIX.' » 1 :v V-i, 68 «T 68 ^0 70 71 72-73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 • 86 87 88 8tf 90 91 92 93-95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 10 J 104 105 106 107 108 109- 116- 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127-129 130-131 riMp«rt brien RsbV Mary Abd Hhip Mary BrhV— BchV OiKfCDt ,2 Bchoonen lasQow |erh'r Jane abip AnH Green barqtif Ht. Andrewi briiT Shaidrock [sch'r Salljr ch*r Nelson chooner— |4 107 Id 8 -1 li) in schV 3 Brothers barque b:lg— hip Heniy sch'r Alfred » U btfgs brig &ijScHooDcr RchVlodultry scb'r iE^enMiverance i^Kip $iroon Clark Hftndattis Packet* brig Amelia sch'r Mary »ch«>oner-*. ieh'rDpioQ ' brig Elizabeth brigs sch'r &■ sloop 10 16 10 4 12 4 8 20 28 21 36 li 16 2 10, 108 39 12 17 12 F. iiista} do. Buckskin Dolphin Fair Trader Polly Snowbird Rev Cutter^ Dolphin Gosoamrr Rapid Rev. Cuttcrf Teszer Burkftkin Fntiie Wiley Reynard Cathnriue Pnlly Comet Sperurrr Polly Marengo Gov. M'Ktan GInhK Matilda Wihy Reynard do. Pa 1 1 Jones do. Yankee do. Toin Teazer Globe Gov M'Kean Teaztr High Flyer , John Rossie 0o. ; |io h5p Royal Bounty •rig Mnry «(hr Vfiiun ' ' >'iip O-iborti ><*ij$ Blica trx Richard rItE Nancy iri^— ,'iVM chr,— lllf.TJ<-' •»<»!«};. 10 lO iirig LeoDidOT -rhr Sky Lark iri j Lailf PrevoBt h.ig Friends iria Mary hip Jane rhip Juhn !«chr.— tiip Grenada sch'r Shadock barque Diana brig Roe buck ship Guerritre* brig Lady Warren brig 4buua larque Harriet brig Dutcfaess brig Traveller brig Henry ship Hopewell bris Hazard sch'r Phoebe brig Thetis brig Alfred brig Antelope ship Kitty scli'r Spunk (sch'r Providence sliip Guayaiia jbHr duUe of savoy ship Pursuit [ship Evergreen Ibrtg New Liverpool hip Mary Ann khiri Elisabeth >ch'r Jamt's 'brig Pursuit brig Tay ship Britannia brig Howe K«>vrni>r rutterfjCharlestoa Buii|(cr Hill I do. i«i Fainiouth jr.hn Bait 111 2'.<[ Yankee kuak 471 ^1) bnadv a cartel ^eiizer {Portland , IhI |o. I do ''j Imluxiry |Marbt^be«U PairTr««1er piklem B»iiA»^r Hill New Yorl< Lfaiidfr jProvidenoie 1 4) Man* Mavantiahi BunkprHill JNew Torl^ IMnren^o j do. Benj, Franklin ^Boston do. 4o- * ii Rossie Balnoi 3U| F. Presidentf Vbiladclpkia Teazer F»>rtlaiid •'^0 Toang Eag|e Charleston • 01 do. I <*o- High Flyer JBavannaht I I R.Nbainand ^Norfolk 49S02 p. Constitutiont burnt 14 6 25 do do. do \ Congressf do. Yankee Cornet ship Waspf Sqiiando Yankee do. Polphin Hossie Fair Trailer do. do. 1 do. i do. do. Newport v an ,.i,n tor not! 01 'J f 12 i.it 4- J 2 'TIS RIP C!S OiiK ;iiJ li- i; \V d80 APPENDIX. t ^ f 'ti; ij,- ' hrijc Elizabeth hi|i Jamaica brig Alert* transfxirt ahifi* brig King (Jeorge whip— . brig i)cenn briff 'Val'tp ^hip £si,b«r iich'r Veoui fhir^ Quebec »hlp Richmond ship Adi>aU ■hipFaiioontI) brig T«V'<> Frieodi snai^r Two Priendft brig \¥illiani sf.h'r Trial f ifll Johfi|V G^PflK* brijjr-, ■, ,., : 8ch*r,M«ry Ann >r^(;, Laura* sch'riU^iog States brie ilaiinab ch'r, .«\i»»y brit?-t, brig Ppniona , brig OevoDSbire brig Oonoord brifriliipe ichV Minorca , lafqu* CharlutteV fhip Ajlariutia, < , bng Uiaoa iirig laabclla ♦hip-—, J vesscia ,„j,,yi - lip Jubo (dip Commerce irit; Industry . tirivateer Nassau rivateer briij unit Top Abbey ' igMa^ nrt l^ossie Ltander Rrculator Po>nie 243 tiiiji Puv«»i>c S46 t]|r|i; CoOjBord 247 hri.; Jfavorile ^48 hn| i^ir Johii Mnnre 249 t)ri|( ford Slitt]S«lU 250 tcfiV Beis«>y Ano 25 1 brig William 252 bri< Hfory 2AJ «cb r i'our Brothers 254 . )c.hV Four Suns 255-266 ^ ^cbifoiirrs 2A7 sch> AMelope '.' 258 >ch'r uaJvsoii 259 hrig b,i9iioii(l 860 iiicQeu^ge 26 1 bri|; Mepf une 2to2 «hipJaii# '^\ 263 itclpooiM'r— ™ , ! 264 sipop Loiiisa Anpi 2tt5 ship y«riiis 26 G hr Jas Si Charlottf! 267 ,,bris?Fr. Blake 268 brig Swaklotv» 2bU ^^g Purcie 270 ' »bip Ned . ^ 271 . ^(^hVSisiefs 272 snb'r Comet 27 i irivateei* Schorcher 274 ich'r Mary 275 schV ^vy Hall 376 slpop Elizabeth 2v7 ranspart echuoner* 278 brig (Juion 279 sch'r Neptiino 28t) barqup Fisher 281 bris^Jaiues Rray 282 brigUily Hdrriot 28 J -2853 vessels 2^6 brig Freedom 237 schV America 288 brig— 289 paci(et Johii Bull* 290 ship Areo 291 F. ^|Hce(|onian» «92 ship J. Uamiltou K- 1 1 10 78 '? 30 IC 20 Trar.«r R'tMiiionil liMilnnort IVlBrriiKo buo H4»ai»f ^ «|o. MHlildA Nonsuch Mary Ann do. Industry do. MlHreii(»o Fame Montgomery John Fame do. Dart Rosamund Wasp Alfred ' du. John do. Saocy Jack Re j Franklin Two Brothers America Nonsuch P. Presidentf High Flyer John & George Fame Rapid do. do ship Gen. Pike| do. do. Gen. Affijstrong Revenge Fox Bunker Hill orders in Council do Thorn N^wYork Ral(imhr» Phiradelphia burtit Black Roek New ()rl«rao^ Savaiinah Charleston do. do. hurnt >4aivin «lo. do. i do. Portliod Charlestoa iSavanDah Salem itn i& nitt vr. VI r. do dd. ;=i ktialde « olarte! Portland burnt Salem Charleston Baltimore Norfolk Salem do. Savannah burnt ansomed Sackett's Harbor do. burnt Boston Cape Ann Portland Boston New York ransomed Mirblehead Si,- ^e Fame &. Dromo Salem Joe] Barlow Rover lie. New-Londou destroyed li ^6 F Prendentf I Baltimore 49|.10GjP United iitatesf New- York 161 30J Dolphin jnaltiiririre ' 1 1'i ^a2 S9S JMg— 894 *CVt Loftia 295 wig Bacflhui 896 »ri( Veont 297 -SOfl Dine vetwla 307 MCketT^Wnsffid* SOS Musket Burcball* 309 ieh*r— 310 t.ri|r Criterion 311 ichVNeplunc 312 brig,^eptun« 3i3 ichV-r 314 brig Fanc^ .315 kluopNellf 316 briKDeTOnshlre 317 ich'r-y 318 »hipJ«inis 319 irig T Catherine 339 ich'r Maria 340 ship Rio Kou7a 341 ich'r Rebecca 342 brig— 343 privateer Richard 344 ship Hdpe 345 ship Ralph 346 ship Euphemia 347 ^►rig— 348 ichooner — 349 sch'r Meadau 350 ^hipMary 35 1 sch*r Erin 352 ;iackel Nocton* 353 brig BArrosea 364 '^ch'r Mary 355 hrig Peggy S36 ship Arabella 357 brig Andalusia ^PEIfDIX. t( U2 10 8 5 8 16 10 2 Sf 74 6? 18 44J no 18 4 12 10 10 14 ISC 24 26 90 brig Arguff Rerenge do. Fully Patriot Tom Highflyer do. do. RetTf-nge Roha Revenge Joel Barlow R<>v«nge Hccafar Rtftaliaiion Oen Armitri B^ni. Franklin l|ighflyer Dart Rfvenge America Glfn. Armstrong America Liberty bng Argu»f Revenge JacK'9 Favorite : Rolla Rilia Liberty do. Lad^ Madison do. Rolla Jfick's Favorite Ned Ho!kar America do. do. Decatur do. Sparrow Rolla Eagle ^ F. Essexf ! Rolla Ea^le Hunter (Growler Yankee fffamptoo Roada PhiNadclpbia '^alenl Savannah unk k biimt ransomeq Ballimorf made a oartel Nek-Yoili made a c4rtei ortland { Mew Lontlon Philia(<«>lphia f'ranelf' I New Voile (»reiv?foi|k Charieitqiii NortolkT ong >l<'itr liu t^eW 'it. • (• 1 «.v I as ■ i- tio: I nade a <»rtel le«jroyc|l ansomed ^^ . harleaten ^f| made a dartcl ^ [^ew-Yotk NewLotdon Ocracoke Savannah ' * Marbleh^d Portland 2;^ do., f::. France r dd.h ranpomed Newport Charleston :*? made U. S. Vetiel 'Vlartha's Vineyard Charleston Boston New London Savannah , f APFVItDTX. 8S8 .1ft8-369)briK ktloop aoo v. Jtf •• »e)t ihli> DiRgeai SttJ lebooacr— 3b4 ihip N^ptan* a«*"^b« mo vrMcb 'Ml ibip— Sb8 ibip Tolqatecr 86t» ihip— aru ich'r Bllrn 97 1 ihip Jntin 972 tclt'r Pr of Wain 97^ ihip Aurora 914-376 two feaaels 970 977 378 9)9 980 981 982 98J 984 386 988 987 988 388 900 991 302 9U3 994 996 998 997 908 999 400 401 402 403 404 400 408 407 408 409 410-4ldthree TCMels 413.416 418 417-418 (hr«>« VfBBels •loop — two resteh iiv 49 4.18 n e<> brie Peiicao ihip — briK Emu« brig Ann bri«^ ichV Sabine Itraiuport Canada* brig Isabella brig 3 Brothers sloop Mary Ann privateer Andalusia jsch'r George ;ship Albion brig Harriot jship Nelson ship Neptune 'ship— .schooner-— ' brig Shannon brig (/eres ship Mentor foh'r Huxzar brig Resolution ship Peacock* brig Antrim brig Fly schooner— brig Earl Percy brig Hero brig Rorer transport Aider* brig Return brit; Thomas It «0 \2 12 10 to 12 \2 4 10 12 8 74 120 10 22 13^ 9 12 12 12 100 26 l4 Yankee |ransoin«4 K. Coostilutionf burnt Growler BR«tport militia Oalliaipper Decatar do. America iMacMas Porflaa4 Kranoe Kennebank P. Chesaiieakef Punsnouth do S. Hornelf Spy Onmler llolkiir Mars do. Lady Madiuon Growler ilo. )«rBl New Castia New-Orleans ransomed Newport made cartels Charleston New bum Marblebead do. United we standlSaTannah Erie iMililin Paul Jones do. Dolphin Yankee do. do. Hazard Yankee Decatur Saratoga Bona Dolphin Lovely Lass Yankee Paul Jones Saucy Jack Liberty jhip Uurnetf do. Saucy Jack Yankee do. Chettapeakef do. Alfred Yankt'e Paul Jones Yawkee Snap Dragon do. do. Divided-weFail »*u ibumt Irnade a cartel do. 'New-York burnt SaTannab made a cartel St. Mary's Boston •»'' ^ew- Orleans I do. Newport New-London New-Orleans Bristol Chatham N^'w-Orieans Savannah burnt sunk {New-Orleans Charleston Tarpaulin Cove New Yoric burnt Salem ' i Bristol ' Chatham Boston -. burnt made cartels made a tender ransomed \'H ^S^-f ■ *:•■ JSI .ll*l*ICMUI>^. "i- \ i i: .;i ' 41 u |bri«— •ViJ »i1vsi««r CalrtlooU 424 'rig 'rarlar 42.> tfiidtY Foi* 480 l>r. Loaiiti^ Paektt 427 tch'r Farmiir 42« 'tchooocr— ■ 420 priv«i««r Crown 4dO "hip Knmoii 441 brigMulvint 4 )2 briK Chtrlotle 4aJ l^u. of Oiuuc.eHU-r* 4J4 priv. sch'r Hi<'hiir4l 435 priv. tloiip Uurcu 4JI5 l*rix Edward 4J7 sC'ii'r Hupe 438 kn«— 43 457 tliip WUUam 463 (trig Harriot 459 brie Mara 4bO ich'r Pearl 461 (trivateer bloop 4b2 'J«i»i— 40:i rtrig— ;,„'|'i 464 i>ri(i Dinah 465 'ih'r Britannia 4G6 'hip Loyal Sam 487 ^usan 489 {ship Seatoa 10 lU lu 6(1 Divided we KallVuak do. 'rNiiaooicd 4f*liV NM« bparruwr U'«*p ;iij{rMiiit voliirileer& r. B. VHokee 3()| Xed Mnnt'imnery ship iVTNiliton Holkar do Alexnnder do Fox York To»vn hip Gi'H. Pikef F«ine 3tlGor Tompkins Th'onai do. VouDg Teazer do. do. Anaconda Globe do. Rotia 33 Tliimes 40 Anaconda Gov, Pt tuner Anaconda do Grand 1'urk Annconda Fox laherty 4<> d . Gov. Pluiner Sa>me GKbp Gratid Turk 30 Siro Glohe Siro Paul Jones Geuticlowo Myaiic IV reeked (iven up , , IVIaehiKi IVaidoborouub Ifti. /h !, )l« Rrekt. (France) ,. ,* WUuiington ,"'• !4aleiii ,.^: Hackf lt*t Harbor stavamiah made a carttl SHieiu itAde a cartel Portainoutj Rrintol Sackelt'a Qarbof, Machiaa'' Bositon Wincaiiset Roothebay Portland do. do. New London Ocracoke Beaufort Naw Orlean» jPorlsinouth Ocracoke Portsmouth rnade a cartel New Hav^u ^aleui New Bedford" Portsmouth Savauinah ma4f« a cartel burnt Qcracnke Porlland Charleston Beaufort ^ France 'f ' Ltnt, ^:;:!j ir. J. I! . ii\V fei. :'S.' ; Hi. I 77iijr ship nns originalli/ a Fretick pnmJfrr. and eajtturtd by 11 'H. Majesty's itfnp Mutiue ; re caplurrd hy the Alexander of Salem ; re. n- captured by hin H. ft Ainjfsltf'jiJ'i^nle SliatDnw and re-re-re captured. Itji Ike Tfnicr oKJS'eK-York, andacni into I'urlland HI .>.>:. i *• 386 470 fwtf Mamml 471 •r« Lf. Murray* 47S • i« Mo«Uw 4;.i- 476 t TMMto 47tt 477 478 479 480 481 48i 48.1 484 48ft 486 487 488 480 490 491 492 494 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 60^ fi02 ft03 504 fi05 506 fi07 10 s Itf Uric— irif Hero trif lUwhitioD liric Hrro hric JaniM k Sarah liri<— brig- brig Jamca brig Sally Nrie Ann brig Thomu brig — barque B'tip R(>t8e7 »lii|i miza *ch'r Success irhV Udy Clark f*chV Sally la Cll^ *ch'r — 612 ris — 5l.i-fi27 B & I4transp* 528 sch'r Three 8i!»ier8 fi29 srh'r Gen. Hoaford §30 brig Nelly 031 vrecked Norway /. . St^w Bedford Prance sunk do. ! Plymouth oade carteh ansomed triitoi Sackett's Harbor <;t. Mary'a ■^avannab "irnt J , ransomed umt HI s )roed >iorwa]r Pranee Ir^naorocd I Norway iHimt Salem WilauHMi If f^ M.i . ■ kx ..1' Ml «M «4» 060 051 60S 05d 054 050 »bS 007 65t»_ 061 SBit 061 064 6G5- 668. 670 071 072 673' 674 675 076 677 07U »«0 681 682 684 586 087 088 589 090 »l 0»2 093 694 im 697 6»8 699 too m 602 603 60% APPENDIX. >chV Dominicoft I6188 1 Decalur Cbirlcslon 6v> ! ■ • 'tip Ixin. Trader i do. do. 1 u 04? ;iv« brif^ Sohp Dragon ieatroyed ''*,v (iriyaieer Fly 5 30| orig Enterprizef PortsoiuMtfa 4CbV Ceres Yaiikee made a cartel , ; . barque Henridta Snap Dragon Beaulott 'n. briK Ann d(j. do. f" >, 8cbV Plying Fiah Baucy Jack ransomed sloofi Catherine do. Cape Henry Bcb'rKate < do. do. T sbip Louisa 10 do. burnt brig 3 Brothera 10 do. St. Mary's brig Earl of Moira Industry Machias ,j .^ Bchooner — Terrible Baetport 560 two Tesscla Swiftflure Machias sch'r Louisa 1 2G Expedilion Newport prif a. Kg, ot Rome 1040 1 brig Arguslf destroyed Bblp — F. Presidentf France sehonner— Irdo. do, - 567 fhree vewela r. B. Yankee do. 509 two veuels Ij:o do. V < brig— Brutus ransomed s^chooniT— .}en. Armstrong lurnt . ^,,, hrit; Bover* 1896 brig Enterprise-f Portland ^i^. Castine - ;, schooner — fyJtUe and cren sehonner — Terrible ransomed -,. ti. hri^ Jaue Snap Dragon Newbern f»r»E— Hmtnpua burnt 578 2 vMsels Tt-rrible Salem ;-, :.ch'r Lilly Filot ransomed brifiE Mary Ann do. do. h'l brig— OenArmslrwig burnt 583 n brie and sloop In<)ustry Macbias imck(>t Lapwing* Rattlesnake made a car 586 i tihips T.B. Yankee France „r loop Traveller Lark iVIaehiaa Duke of Montrose* F. Presidentf made a cartel brifcJane and Ann do. sunk ^,. brig Daphutf do. do. . ! , ship EliSB 8 do. ransomed . / ; bri g Alert AiA . do. burnt bflrqifp Lion 8 do. ransomed och'r High Flyer* ''i do. Newport - ship Industry 1 T. B. Yankee Norway 1 ship Lond Packet 14 Argtu Boston brig Allanlic do. ransomed brig Jane do. made a cartel brig Jane Snap Dragon ransomed britE Venus Ao» made a cartel irig Kicbard 608 brig Fowey 609 sloop Lady Francis 610 traas Barbadoes* 611 trana. Alliaoce* 612 ich'r Cordelia 613 ship BeUey 614 ship Mariaer 615 sloop — 616 brig Helena 617 brig- 618 brig Diana &. Betty 619 ship Defiaace 620 brig Baltic 621 sloop- 622 brig Bf Iford 623 uilot boat scb'r 624 ^ritf— 625 transport JuliR» 626 Hch'r Growler* 627-62S 3 Gun boats* 630 Guu boat* 631 Paeket Moigiana* 632 «hip— > 6J3 orig Sarah . 634 ^ch'r— 6S5 ship Economy 636 «hip Paz 637 ship Diligent 638 fich't Liberty 6i9 brig Betsey 640 brig Hope 641 ship Hull 642 ^tiip Jol. Bac hello r 643 ship Experiment. 644 brig Ruby 645 ^hip Britannia 646 schV Prosperous 647 brie Burton 648 ^hip Latona 649 "hip Friends 650 ship Nottingham 651 br Westmoreland 652 brig Brothers 633 •^loop Persererance 654 ship Harford 665 ship TheUa 656 brig Brunswick 657-669 IS vessels 670 Gun lioat* ,,ij^ V 18 £0 Saratoga Nt- wport ,> \ ^ do. Iburut jj- do. 1 do. - Gen. Stark |Macliiaa , ^ Scourge &. Rat Norway \^ll do. [tie Snake do. rtj ivv7 do. ,t„ do. do. .tij do. ,rf do. ijir d4. do. \ J !^ dd. do. ^ gi,y I d9- do. J p^f do. do. .,.1 do. 1 do. dd. dd. do. do. dd. do. , do. do. ,, ! dq. do- M ^t" do. Xi..X do. dq. do. p, do. ^, do- h:\ ?s'.I do. do- ' ovt do. do. ; - V 1 do. 1 do. do, ;,^j- Leo »Umt r I 60 Morgan's riflcm tSacketts HarbQf Rattlcsoake Imade a cartel ^,, >• « m C''- if ! i .; ■ 1- : 988 67S acbVPane 6M «hip 8t Lairreiic* CT-t-hTS I wo Tt-SRH* 6UI urig— 693 brig Pr«sidC0t 6» i brig Farorito «94 brig AUrj 695 636''rothi|M 697 8ch> Katy 698 schuooer— 699 sch'r Ann 7u0 sloop Elixs 701 brig Dart 702 Blofip— 70J bI O. fioilgkinsoq 711 712 713 714 7i5 916 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 72T 728 729 730 731 732 7a3 734 7116 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 7u4»71rig Abel brig Oossafk Bch'r Jasper sch'r Rebecca BcbV Agues brig GriterioD •chV P nnf 'scn'r Henry 8ch,r Maria chip Nereid AfntfDix. Sfiraioga America Yank*^e Lady Cordelia do. Polly 'I80| Yankee do. Scourge Yankee Water Witch Gen. Srark TtiA. Pickering do. Eastport Fort Saratoga Ogdeiisburg mil Pox Washington baratoga lOl do. do. 29| f)o. do. I0| 40| Saucy Jack 41 Revengr; Caroline Comet F. Essexf do. do. do. do. 2 lO 6 8 16 II 8 8 10 16 21 26 28 24 26 25 28 76 1 I wrecked PtHlamoulb •de a cartel destroyed wreoked Itiavaonah made a cartel Chathaia Nerway N«w-Bedfofd do MscMaf Eastport Maiem Eastport >vreck«d Ogdtfosbarg F >lly Landing Poriiaud burnt SMSomed New York made a cartel ransomed !St. Mary's Charleston burnt Wilmington Peru Boston made ships ' of war of 20 guns ^iMx Jonior-f Pem 746 -753.elgiit Tewaic 10 y do. do. P. Congressf do. do. Eliza Saucy Jack do. Caroline Oen. Stark Caroline Grand Turk do. Caroline Revenge Roger do. Gov Tompkins T. B. Yaqkce i *r»» »<♦(» n» z *'!.' i.f,^i do. made a icaitel burnt •nade a cartel sunk Wilmington burnt ransomed Wilmington Geogelown do. Porlsmouthi Prance Stonington Charleston do. burnt «'j3 New-Yorfc; burnt I ^ I • i'. -. • IPPEWOL, ked * if*^ DlOliUl m ) a cartel oyed ked _W»i* iwah .!.,^ B a cartel !f» ham '•7 -Bedibfd Ma« lort 01 «+{) port k«d embarg I > f) f Landing aud I '\ *^:i lined ,^kn York '•>■$'% e a cartel :.t'j Dined t lary'a i^i\) rieston i«' C' t * ii-st'iJ ningtoQ on i-^-fl B ships ) war > »guns > ■ \ 1. j--f » a icartel ' -I- ■..' ! a cartel ■s'^i V- •i* • niogtov rf-i-'.! Vtf^'- imed -.i "1 lington ;efown • mouthi ;e ngton eaton ».i, 1 ihip Castor •ri;: Active ■lip Watson i- lif) Cora •rig EiiM (iti'r Traveller :ri'r tieurge )op xperiuient nop Vigjiaut* •>mooner— br. YuunK Hustiand nine veMela briKTullock ship Miaerm ship- brig Isabella sloop — schV Harmony sloop Humbird 'brig- brie — schV Matf sloops- ship Wanderer ship Edward •ebV Jonathan brie Britannia BCh'rOorfew brig Terolla ship Oalatea ship James ship— 794f796 two vessels 756 766 767 768 769 76U 781 7tt2 7b3 764 765-773 774 776 776 777 778 779 780 781 78< 781 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 796 797 798 799 800 801 803 803 804 806 806 807 808 809 310 811 8l2 81J 8.4 9ifi privateer ship Sally •-- thip-i— hrig Superb tirivateer Mara 'trig Juno brie Friends »ch'r S»»a Flower ■^chV Hasard hrig Sovereign ship Diana «chV William "ch'r Mary hriffBrkar sch'r Hope hrig Riimhler !ich'r Eliza »hip Ladf Prevost fich Susan &. Eliza icb'r— . "" ■ * 4'30 le T. B. Tankee d«. du. do. <'o. Frolic Fly do. Comet Petapsco Gov. Tompkins Comet Pox do. Gov Tompkins made a cartel brifsRattlesnakef Wilmiogton General Stark wrecked Kivca up France do. do. do. Bqnam. Ellsworth Mschias Wilmingtoa Savannah Newport sunli Gloucester Portsmouth Terrible Surprixe Portsmouth Macbias brigRattleanakefjsunk 12 16 6 so! 14 Pox Macedonian Hope F. President do. do. Mars Alfeed do. Chasseur T. B. Yankee do. Frolic Leo W'^* burnt ransomed Philadelphia Buak do. do. New Bedford Marblehead burnt Beaufort France do. destroyed Cape Francois luiik Delik brig Enterprisef St Mary's Mars Charleston SObs. Rati. &. Entf Wilmiogton Grand Turk France Diumede wrecked ■t- 4* ll i 1 ■ ^ 3 •:33 TttcA;aAoe do. America do. Diomede do. Foe. Diomede burnt do. Portsmouth burnt Savannah New York Gloucester Bristol bs. Rail & Ent.^ burnt do. do. Invincible Wilmington Mars do. Vippr ''^P'Vfort « i T i ■ .5 m 900 APPENDIX* !- »» Lf. 82& 816 817 818 8'9 820 821 822 823 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834- •«42 843 851 •chp. 3$am bris Paleoa brJK Superb sch'r — Ohio John hn% BroUien »hif» Victory I'liur ships !»hip — hrif Eliinbrtb t^iii \nn Cfitharine scVr Nimble «Rh'r Jiuon H«hr.-> ^hr. Trinitaria •line Teiseli •lint* do. 862- K5A;r4 fhip— 86.1 •ch. KncouragpmenI 86H briie I'wo Sisters 867 schr, Hope 868 schr Sylph 86^ sch'r Eclipse 870 sch'r Cobham 871 brie; fiouisa 872 ship rfive 873 schV Pictoo« 874 ship Litvely Ann 87A schV Phoenix 876 brig Nimble 877 bria: Ceres -^iui •7a gch'r-" 879 sch Frieods Adv'lr. 880 brie Fanny . 881 bri«— , fy'. 882 schr. Eliea 883 »chV Kentish 884 schr. Prince Regent 885 cutter Lyon 886 hris: Portsea 887 bris Connray 888 sch Francis ii, Lucy 889 brig James 890-891 fwo vr^R^els 89? 5Rhr. , 10 12 6 8 10 8 10 Fairy America Mary Viper Saucy Jack America Viper Rattlesnake do. Car'tline Saucy Jack do. Caroline Krimp Saucy Jack Prin Neurchatel Comet do. do. America do. do. do. Got. Tompkins do. Invincible Fr<)lic Wasp America do. Wasp JonquUla Kemp Surprise 20j?. Constitutionf do. do. Invindhle Oranpus Saratoga Pox Galhrvay Fox Snap Dragon Saratoga Invincible do. do, do. do. Young Wasp do. boat Alertf WilmingtoB Charlestoa iSew-York Newport Charles ton Spain Oimdea >l : Salem 1 \ made a car^ junk ■ ^c do,,,,, d S9W York Elisabeth City fliU' Wiliningtoa ifct destroyed bv PhiladelphiA. St? burnt -mr do. U-r Wrecked itu Wilmington tot Elizabeth City 4t'' Norfolk mT ^unk Tec made a cartel m sunk 8«t reneriffe yi.. iburnt j.f'^ p^etv-Bedford tw Wiscasset i:>m [France im [burnt f ttK' 'Beaurort ] ^ iPairhaven TrM \^!^ ransomed , f.n- given up > ransomed C \« GJ;' Portsmouth made a cartel . France tt¥ made cartels # ■. .:. Burlington ■VI- lo, , tft fork ;\ wthCity inf;^a .At lyed feav lelphia 8ft? -0*^'' '■4 i-'" ked :^i.'. ngton "'" i«tb City k .. vi ■• ( Vi;C ft cartel act fi .:. ictnn .^ ^ '« APPENDIX. 391 893 k ibip (Joion Rambler | wrecked 8U4 tiriK Fair Stranger Fox Porisinouth 895 » tnoapoit Mary* 18 82 Ralt!est«ke France 8 916 Bcb'r— Saratoga Fairharen <' a 917 sloop Regent do. sunk ! 918 schr. — do. ransomed 919 sloop Epervierw lb 128 brig Peacockf Savannah ' 920 sloop Cygnet Saratoga WilmiogtOD ! 921 Bcb'r Diligence York destroyed 922 Bloop Bnnita Dclisle do. M';5 923 brig Robert Zohec Ultor Charleston ? 924 brig Favorite David Porter given up 925 brig- 10 do. do. 926 ship Susan ,_^^^ 12 do. ransomed 927 ship Doris do. do. 928 brig Curlew do. burnt 9^9 brig- Rnttlesnake Portsmouth 930 ship James YoMng v\ asp ransomed 9>1 brig Sivift 4' 15 Z^-b^-c Ultor Baltimore 932 brig Camelion Mainmoutb Portsrootith 933-934 two vessels Caroline destroyed 9^5-944 10 vessels Tom &. Leo France 945 Bch'r Hope Pike Saco 946 BchV Pickrel do. sunk J 947 ship Pelbain 12 Saucy Jack jCharlestOD ; 948 ihip Fort una Roger Beaufort tiJO£ 949 schV — Viper Newport 9J0 ship Phoebe Hawk Wiimington 951 brisr Kutusoff 10 40 Surprize Frankfort 952 Bch YininL' Farmer Henry GuiUkr NewYork 913 sch'r Miraiida Chasseur burnt 054 transport IMartha* do. made a cartel 955 schr. Ann Mnria do. burnt ..,„t 956 sphr. Wiiiiaia ^ do. do. ,,{0i .1 992 APFENDtX. '1 :i: i 9HI 9b3 1*6+ 9'u) 9i-.tf 087 968 9G9 970 971 97 i 973 97V 975 976 9i7 978 979 980 9ttl 982 983 984 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998-999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 -988 ichV BrilKmt ihip 8? moMrtrjr ihi|» >¥inchMt«r jbrig Uoion kloop— M^ DoTC iNip Jane ^rig Ralize ship Mermaid »hip Coniiiiere* ^hip Upton (hip Hero »rig Prnvidence lirig Harmony brig Recovery brig Melpomene brig Britannia )rig— ichooner — ship Henry Dundas )rig Indian Lass brig Catherine iloop Caroline 5 Gun Boats* ich'r Traveller trig Ceres ship Cod Hook ich'r Vittoria hip Joachim ich'r Rob Hartwell >rig Liddelle )rig Jesrie ich'r Ann fwo vessels ich*r Octavia trig tAttle Fox ichooner — sch*r Funchell ship London Packet [)rig Astrea [irivateer Dash sehV Union Q B Black Snake* ihip Friendship ich'r Alert sch*r Active sch'rMary Ann brig Lord Nelson sch'r Nancy sehooner-^ 19 16 4 c 10 104 SO pri 30 10180 16 2 T» IS 14 40 SO Chasseur Jama Atonrot Bcourge do. do. do. do. do. Fox do. do. Gen. Pike Lairrence Diomede 'ixe$hip Upton Diomede do. do. Chasseur do. R'fger Lpo Rattlesnake Grand Turk do. do. Appling's riJUm Diomede Lawrence Diomede Hero CartJine Hero Amelia do. do. Hero Harrison sloop Frolic }- do. Hero ChasRcur Midns do. Amelia barge Revenge do. Fairy Revenge Zebec Ultor do. do. mtnk • burnt Boatort buml do. do. do. ■unk burnt made ncartrf Portiirioutb Damircscotta Portland Wiscaaaet made a cartel lunk do. do. Newport Beaufurt Norfolk Newport made a cartel Baltimore burnt ;: raueomed Backett'b Uarb Tbomastowtt Portland Castine Charleston -^^ do. r** Newbem '"^ made a cartel burnt made a cartel ransomed Charleston > destroyed ''• do. Newbem Portsmouth dfavannah - f^, do. ransomed Sackett's Harb destroyed do. do ' "•;• madeacartft burnt do. ft- "'^ do; ^^^ APPENDn. 90S ^■h ) irat Mtort irnl do. do. do. ok irat sde actrtrf »rtMrtuutb imwescotttt irtlaod itcanet Bde a cartel ok do. i ' »« do. eirport eaufurt ' HJ^ irtolk etrport Bde a cartel «' ^ titimore irnt Deemed icketlV llarb lomasUtwtt irtland istine larlestoa do. ci.,# wbern ' rtde a cartel - rot ide a cartel •, osomed larleston stroyed - ^* do. ' " wbem " ' rtstnouth K tanoah do. '■'" isomed ckett'B Harb troyed do. '■''^ do ide a cartel ' rnt io....K^ !!o: '^ 1016 kehV Sambo 1017 kchooner — 1 01 8-1 Oltk wo vessels HI 20 1021 1022 1023 102* 1025 khip8t. Jose jpriTateer Amoesly bloop Tickler sch'r Rambler ftch'r Fairy sehV Balabooft 1 02 Ti- 1 043 eighteen vessels 1 ^A\ 'ship Frendship 1 0<^5 bomb Te^i^elfi » 1046 s,hip Htich Jones 1047 sch'r Fox I04n brig David 1049 brig Fidelity 1050 {,?rnler* 1051 sch'r Ellen 1052 brig Duke of York lQ5."J sloop George I Oft 4 brig Swift 1066 brigni>n»nce 1056 brig Friendship 1057 brig Stag 1058 ship Dorcas 1059 sloop Henrietta ioeo ship Berry Castle 1061 sch'r Linnet 1062 'schV James 1063- 1068 six vessels 1069 tender* 1070 ship Melville* 1071 Wig— r.4?' 1072- 1 073 brig &f schooner brig Fortitude sch'r G<>o. Canning ship Pizarro ^ Espiranza brig Elsinore 1074 '075 1076 1077 1078 1079- 1082 four vessels feehonner — >jrig Betsey ship Alfred 'ship Antonio 1 088 two bric;s sch'r Henry fpacket Elizabeth* jship Hero .Coim'ss of HercouH packet Landraite* 1 0^5 i two vessels iy»6-li0»|foupieen vessels - M f> ' hrrg Be^?ey ^' Mary 1083 1084 1085 !086 1087- »n83 JOiJO !09I r092 109:5 1094 cebec UHor do. Yankee do. l|24] ZebecUltor do. Perry Sj do. el^ol do. do. Herald Chaiincey's gigj Yankee Surpiize do. do. 1 13|Gun Boat No.88 Herald Gen. Armstrong do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 6| Yanltee Snap Dragon do. Prin. NeufehateyFrance 20 {If. I^ndon mil. New L;;ndoD 1450| Port Niagara \blottn up Rambler Iransomed 41 bunit itadv • cartel Portland do. burnt Wilmington do. do. do Ipstroyed Wilroingtcvn Presque ble Bristol nade a cartel lesfroyed . burnt Portsmouth Beaufort ^ iiurnt * do. nade a cartel ^)urnt do. I do. sunk E^g Harbor ransomed Newbern burnt 6yo 4 33 80 brii^Rattlesnakef Surprize Gen. Armstrong Midas do. do. Harrison do. York Harpey do. do. Saratoga Harpey Ida Sabine Syren do. Gov. Tompkins . JCwnp sui k Union rhomastown Savannah do. do. ransomed Vme lia Rost on iV^ilmingtoa do. burnt >?ew Bedfffrd ansomed Hyannis .Vifmington New York destroyed burnt burnt f. APPENDIX. ;: ! -M: lilt fMpOalypw liiS krtg Ctledonte Hi J kr. N«w Frederick 1114 ichr. Oootract 1115 trtmport Doris* itia ihip Unppct 1117 hrig BHca 11181119 twro ships IKU lMrp; brie Orient 11^ hrig John 1141 br. Kingston Packet 1142-1143 two vessels 1144 shi. Sam Ciunroings 1U5 ship Five Sisters 1146 Barque Neptune 1147 brig Williaoi 1148 brig Pallas 1149 galliot Henrietta 1150 ship Orange Borer 1151 brig Regulator 1152 Bchr. Jenny 1153 Bloop Reindeer* 1154 ichooner 1155 >rig 1156 >rig Mars 1157 brig Cornwallis 1I5B ship Tester liJ9 brig Horaiia 11 HO Ihip liddle 1161 ihip Jesse 1162 ' transport M nk* 1163 Irans. Persi'verance« 1164 «chr. NanCv* 1165 trass. Eudeavoffft 10 Kemp jcHmi "P do. raasomed do. do. Roger Wilnsingtoo fffll Oranipns Marblebead Saucy Jack Savannah do. do. brig Syranf noml Stoniiigtna Militl^SloningtoD a barge i do. Portsmouth IPortsmnutb Shark {New- Orleans SOcorvefte Adainsf sunk !\ 250 2f 6 118 2( ■"»* do. do. do. do. Ynnkee Rattlesnake do. Pike do do do do do do do do Fox Herald Pike Dash sloop Waspf do da do do do do do Leach Hero David Porter do do do Amelia do ship Lawrencef do do . Surprise do do do do '■ Hyannis ' burnt do do made a cartel burnt i do do do made a cartel »Qnk burnt Portland Ocracoke vrecked mnsomed leatroyetf do ^ do made a carter destroyed do do burnt ransomed Newbern Boston ^-*' made a cartel Boston ransomed ^^ nade aycartel burnt Erie destroyed do do ^'- AFFENDIX. «6 1167 1168 lltt9 UiO nil 1172 1173 1174 1176 1176 1177 1178 H-.i) 11 W ll&l li);2 libJ lin4 ll8ft H. c-1188 Ilea 1190 11^)1-1193 1194 RVfter Jabike tufi Luudua »tiip H(«teUiweU Dri|K Naocj ^I^JO^I — iiliip Dttroit* »rii|> Q Charlotte* uiK Lit iy Frevuat* bri^ Hucter* Hlodp liiitle Bfit* tch'r Chifipfway* P Cnnfiauce* )rig Linnfc(« Kliiop Chub* . lp Finch* Guu Boats* iaospt>ri Farmer* trig BritHnnift three briKS >r. Fortune of War tliip ConiDtaudel brig Cyrus I loop Regulator brig Q. Charlotte ihrp Alitnes >rig Lively Hch'rP Rfgent ship Dorris brig Willing Maid iirig Polly ^ch'r Sally jtriTateer Lively ship Caledonia brijET Eagle brig Traveller rig Wellington >rig EtiM »ch'r Ann ransport Stnuoger* It Whig do do do do do do do Portsmoutb do Perry'* do do do do do Fleel »6jl20 40 1196 ll9b 1197 ll98 1199 12uO 1201 1202 I20i 12o4 l^ttS 1206 1307 1208 1209 I2l0 l2ll I2l2 J2l3 1214-1216 hree' vesiels II 11 61 JnoM'Duno's Fleetf Plattaburgh 40 »27 3|40 66 IS 1217 1218 1219 122§ 1221 1222 1223 1224 Ketch Expediiioa schV Charlotte Ann sch'r Wi'liam brig Eclipse brig Catherine i seh'r Retrieve i packet Leith* ' seh'r William^Anoi 66 Il4 15 17 00 10 83 2C do do do do Mamnioutli do do Gun Boats York do do Surprise do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Fox Spark Granapu* Surprise Viper Cbasaeur Grampus Fox aloop Pescockf do. . . mades cartel jmi lade s cartel *?atro>ed Mde « cartel .••k do do '•rtlsnd •ade a cartel ut ia-Uay do do do . do do . do do do unk do do burnt 8apelo Baltimore msdescartdi Cbstbam destroyed burnt do do do do do do Swlem ranaomed do made a cartel do do Balem do given np New-Tork Saco ^alem New-York vrecked burnt do da im APPENDIX. rij!-!^ ^i' Buiicr Flying Fah brig Aaron Mfn Harvest 13J1 brig Steady l2:iZ Mh'r JaifiM liJJ brii( Coaliers "iiLi^ bri^ Harmony I2i6 brig Klizabcth I'LiS thip. 12J7 HriiicpM IVIary 1238 >.ch'r Eliza 12J9 t)rif( Siraii^cr 1 2^ HthoUIMT— 1241 «hlp Hermes* 1242 4ioo|)Jaue 1248 hrigTritor 1244 tram ahif) Aaron* 1245 brig Apollo 1246 cutter Geo. Doyle 1247 iloop George 1248 br l)o»wick Packet 124» brigSibrun 1260 brig Nymph 1261 brig Albion l2o3 Kbip Harmony. l3Ad [brig Charlotte 1254 brig Mtiry Ana 1256 hrigUiiuglaiig 1256 i257 2Launcwes« 1258 fNiedo. 1259 gMp Neptune l2Bn_i^65 6 transports# iloop Peacock f 8abin« do. York Green PtM. NeufchatcEbunil 28175 2 4 65 tNiml , Hmo do. Ilacbiaa daalroyed mi' 1266 1267 1268 1^69 1270 1:^71 1272 l27i 1274 1276 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 l28l 1^82 l28j 12»4 41 8 10 seh'r Ann brig Susan ship James brig Jane k>u ehV— iransport sloopfl brig Avon# brig Concord brig Speculation i)r Sir J Sberbroke ^nip 4dv> nturer ship Farmer icb'r Ann U Eliza ibip Urania ibip Anisim brig Eliza 'shipDob^on ■ Esbip Saltust ; iitoop (IbrisUam 2i 84 2U 37 do. Amelia do. do. do. Whig do ilpop Peaeockf Ijpach Mobile Fort Prin. Ncufchatel do. do. do. do. do. do. 'do. do, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Amelia 130 do. do. made a cartel burnt Baltimore burnt made a cartel burnt ranaomed blown up burnt Bunk do. do. do. do. made a cartel sunk made a cartel burnt raoaomed burnt do. Nantucket do. sunk New-York 12 Chauocey'a GigfHiackett's Uarb, her own creic Fox Portsmouth Uash Leo brig Eaglef ship Wasp Siro Grampus Syren briz Syren Mam mouth do. 6oi do. do. do. do. fiO|i Cbaeseor iMacbias burnt l^ortsmoulh ransomed Wilmington Plattsburgh 29a •va up ■ I. loo nt H I'lOl 1 1%2 I »3oJ I >304 H I305 lo. ■ >308 de a cartel \ 1 i3or »308 (le a cartel • I I3o9 nt H •810 •omed 1 13i| ■ I3i3 lo. ■ 13|3 Dtucket ■ 1314 ^^H 1315 k ' t)'- 1 1316 iv-York I 1317 sketl'9 Uarb, ■ 1318 cbias 1 UM9 ■ 1320 Ismoulh I 1321 Bomed H 1322- liningtoa I 1324 ttsburgh 1 1325 k 1 1326 de a cartel •' I 13*7 o. 1 1328 nt V ■'-' 1 1329 1 1330 1 13:51 0. *■< • 1 1332 o. ^- 1 • 1 1333 0. 1 1334 lea cartel- • 1 13 J6 nt 'lu?-.' 1 13.>6 beacarfeV'? I 1337 iQ' 1 1938 -13S3 btig Prudcare iloop Faforite brig Comiirallis l»ng Alfft >>ng Hirinonjr 4Hi|) Caribury lirig Sfaflower hrig Siranfter iloop Fortitude brig Veuus tirig Diaoa •luop Lotth Packfi lir. VVillian &(. Am. brig Pf g|i.v U Jaoc burquf William sbip Sir Ed. P«ilew brig Uelluoa brigTritton brig Duck ship Mary (»r. think* I to myself sch'r Brilanoia brig Halifax Packet tirig Uanreet M-h'r Prince Regent t>riva. Retaliation brig Oommerce sloop Farmer brig Britannia sch'r T«ro Brothers brig Ann- Eliza brig Uniza brigAnfil^y brig Sarah brig Sir H Pophaao ■ch'r Rapid ship Champion two vessels sch'r Thomas sch'r CTood latent brig Joseph brig Eliza sch'r— brig Atalanta brig Europa brig Canada Bcb'r Fox* brig William brig Lulice brig Bon Accord transport Mary* brig Three Brothers brig Bacchus 10 1(M l(J •JO 20 40 2(1 M lO V lb 20 19 40 2C 50 6C 40 48 102 10. 22 10 2b 7 7 10 7 11 Ckaetenr Ik). do. do. do. do. ship Peaeoekf do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 4lo. do. do. do. Dish Harpy do. Yorii Dash Two Frienda Chasseur Mammon th do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Oo. do. do. C. House bai^ Camden sloop Waspf Savannah Petapsco Lawrence by her owa cretv jNewbem Chasseur | do. sloop Waspf burnt do; sunk do. burnt do. do. do. I do. MiriC do. mad* a cartel luml Diado a cartel Baltinore dMtroyctI do. do. do. made a cartel de«troye(1 do. do. do. made a carta! ilestro} ed do. do. do. Portland )umt Portsmouth do. Portland Barnstable Charleston Runk burnt made a cartel >arnl do. euttied >umt do. do. made a eartd destroyed made a cartel do. made a cartel eiven op 906 APPENDIX. i ii ^-^ V h 13SB 4mp Adb DoioUif 1340 urin Hiram 1441 brig Nancy 1543 inip Lont Hood 1548 tKiK B*-Mr\d 13U orig HiisMii Sf Jane* rS45 Mli'r H(^ln«v« Iii46 brig CuiMsord U47 brif CoMac 1S48 ■eh'r Pink I.i49 brig Bruihrr* 1390 brifi Belgrade 13fil brig'Kubert Stewart 1363 lehr Coinnicrce iSbS •ch'r Mary 1354 MCh'r Bird 1355 trans. shi|> Ocf an* 1356 tch'r Geoti^iaoa 1357 iloop— 1358 nch'r— 13A9 ichV Eugene 1860 seta' Stringer 1561 ■ch'r Betsey ^Jaoe 1362 »»rig— 1363 sloop— 1364 loh'r Mary 1365 ich KiugstonPaekei 1S66 floop Cyrus 1367 sloop Jane 1368 ihip Amelia 13G0 KCb'r Weasel 1370 ioh'r Jane 1371 brig l^uisa 1373 brig Britannia 1373 ithip Sir Ell. Pellew 1374 achV Mariner 1376 ucb'r— 2376 brig S. B. I3i hip Rosabeil 1378 t)rig Portsea 1379 "hip Princetis 1380 ".ch'r — 1381 •ch'r Hasard 1382- 138i two Tessels «384 4ch'r Mary la85 orifs Courtney 1386 seh'r Polly 1387 fcch'r swift 13U8 shi|.> ^tmiable 'J89 ,Cli'l-- 1390 transpnrt bhipw 1.W1 "•h'r M iry Ann 139.J anh'r St. John 1391 sch'r — 1340 219 aw 1 •^ 1635 826 214 '^sratof^a I lav id Porter iSctiurge do. du. Fox do. da. Sur|triie Grand Turk do. do. do. do. Surprise Grand Turk Uen. Putnam Grand Turk Scorpion do. Midas do. Cadet JonquUU Saucy Jack do. do. Packet temler Saucy Jack do. do. do. Maceduniaa do. do. do. Resolution Kemp do. do. do. Toung Wasp Surprize do. do. Yankee Dash Expedition Roger Hero Port Bowyer Cadet Jonquilla do. Boslun lanaooied New York iHirat do. do. {ry do. a«de ■ cartel tink do. iMde • cartel >urui do. unk Salem do. do. do. : V ■unk .< ' ' do. i N do. rbomastown ransomed do. do- uiade a tender burnt uiadeactrtel burnt St. Mary's Savannah >urnt do. »unk made a cartel Charleston Charleston do. do. \ ' iy, do. Ocracoke burnt ninde a cartel burnt FairhaTen Bo$ton Vfachias Wilmington t^i' Beaufurt Mobile Thomastown ransomed .4^^ made a car/e/ APPKNDDC. un >iDem«!d ! a fcnd«r laeartftl lary't a cartel leston leston . '>■ •,,- i- ' ► , coke > '•* ! a cartet aven >n i^ ■ t,. ■' lias t lington I L>fct fort « ;:i le ^ i-J Laatown Xf ^ed %i 1 a car/e/ ISIM AiriK den MaitlaiMl IciWA iloop Mary I3tf6 »ehr.>- l.r . Mhr. Peggy IStfS ihMtp Eiisa l.iVtf lehr Mariaar UOO bri« BtrphcR 14UI il«M>p Trinidad 1402 brif Equity 1403 br. Lord Wellingtoii 1404 hrlg Margaret 140ft »hip H«'ro )4j6 t>ri< Colirrt I-IM? •clir Nancy 11-8 l>ric Harmony mi'j iraaa. Eiiaabvtho mo ■chr. Nt-ptiine 1411 ' ketct) Cnruline 141^ 1 brig 8u«anDah 1413 aclir. Mary 1414 briK Pnlias 1415 ship U«o. Weliesley 1416 brig- 1417 Cutter Elif.a 1418 brig Good Inteot 1419 Cutter D«rt \*20 bri^ Christian 1421 4<;hr. Atahnta 1422 br. Lord W«>llineton 1423 ketch Exprdition 14t4 ichr. Gold Finder 1425 rran^port* 1426 ^loop Got. Hodgdon 1427 hriK Only boa 1428 lendiT* 1429 tmn«port» . 1430 4hip Jane 1431 hrig Wm. Neilsoii \ 412 hchr. Nine Sifters 1 41i brig Louisa 143,4 ship Wm & Alfred 1435 transport Jane« 14.16 brig Ctiurtuey 1437 ship St Andrew 14.^8 brig iSpfculator 1439 brifi; Patriot 1440 brig i)»ut7.ic 1441 tender* 1442 transport Cyrn«» 1443.1U9 s ven transports If 1450 brig P 147i two vessels «hip— ' brig Atbill schr. G«orp;e brig William brig- brig Susanna brigFI>ing Fish ship Corona pack Lady Pelham« brig Sarah brig Ly Troubridgs ihip Mary &. Sustan ich'r Arrow iloop St. Lawreuct;^ ship Advohture Bclir. Robert »loop Jubilee ich'r Hope ship Emulation 8chr — subr. Cerca >• • Bchr. William liloop Unity brig Daphne br. Crown Prince transport Juno« brig Ocean brig Lan§;ton britc Adeona sch'r Sultan brig Sarah (irig Legal Tender brig— M'arrior Cbarlfs Btvwarf Harrison do. 6 Littir George 2 141 BoaUf Kemp Whig do. do. do. Surprise do. urnt do. i i' do. « 1 1 do. > «i do. r- do. ; do. do. made a cartel burnt Ballimore burnt do. 1 J France nade a cartel Beaurort Portsmouth do. New Bedford WilmiLigton do. ^unk burnt Savannait Salem made a carff i Cliarli!^tou > destroyed do. Salem Gracioso t»urnt do. Jo. made a carlo I ransomed Sedgwick made a curtf 1 burnt ransomed Hulcni Wilmington bund Maeliift'* su:di '■ \ J. ' f f f Ik ^recked *■ t* lath insotneil do larblehead iharlestou teracoke Hide ac«rt(>l urot do. do. 4"»,{ do. -of do. '- i'', do. \ f do. t do. ' Hide a cartel urnt •aliimore « • urnt r • T do. i i ■ ' ranee lade a cartel leaiirort ortaniouth •■ do. ew Redford 'iliniiigton do, ; ink jrnt avannait alem lade H carff { ltarlt!ktou •stroyed do. item racioso ■ • irnt do. Jo. ade a cartt:! nsoined jdgwick ' . Hde a «:nr}*I ; irnt nsotnf d tlcm ilniiugton tht APPENDIX. 401 607 508 S09 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 619 mo 521 522 52J 524 52A 526 527 628 5^0 530 &31 532 j;}8 534 V3S 536 537 5^8 539 640 5+1 542 643 5vV .'>45>i54e 547 548 549 ^50 551 652 553 554 555 550 668 559 560 khip Aiitf|nia jihlp Uinrrick d^rig H«'li*D brig PIntuB nhip Mary Ana trie l4)rd Duncan jrig Oissac icb'r KeuuIuUen »lonp~- ilitp Otwgy brig- brig Alexander hrig Eagle brig Susannah brig Lord NpIsod ship Arabplla wig Madeira ship Anne lehr. Perueferaiice brig John brig Maria- Arabella sloop Twins »loop L'Esppranc^ iioop Constitution irig Mohawk ship— • ship — Trigale Cjrane* }rig Bnllic •tloop Busy KchV filar k Joke sloop Enterprize pack, ship Elizabeth 3<',hr. Patriot oilot Boat sch'r Ontario stiip William "ihip Hero two Bch'rs brig- brig Resolution bi ig Ranger seb'r Pfggy i>hip Gontiiientia •'liip Kiiii! GeuT>;c sch'r Two Brothers ■ihip Commerce sbip [Nana iirig Concord ohij)— ship .Ned sloop Brothers sch'r Sally 6 34 42 2b 17;; M 10 Fox Morgiaom do. Yonng Wasp do. Morgiaoa do. Kemp do. do. do. Leo Lawrence F. Constilutior-t do Rambler do Z«l. cUltor do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Avon Jacob Jones rigCoDstitutioDJ Gran'* Turk Ar itfrica do. do. do. RpT.Cut Jeffer' Custom Hou8< N Y Militia brig Vixeiif TeHzer Buskin Paul Jones Nancy Matilda ^Porfsmoath New York do. pvenup do >umt made a cartel Beaufort given up ransomed do wrecked do New York . burnt Macot riTcn op Srw Vork urnt i\o, do. do. do. do. Baltimore ransomed do New-York V recked >urnt do. *' nade a cartel do Norfolk Bastpoit St. Vincents New- York Vlachias Salem Norfolk P-8 1589 1590 1591 1693 159S 1594 1595 1596 1597 1''48 li99 1 00 1601 1602 1603 1604 16 >5 1606 1607 16U8 1609 1610 I6il ]6i2 16iS t ri|t Jnho 8chr. Robin rImop CaroUoe brie Ann ship Mentor brig Antrim brifc Emma schV B4>f8ejr sh. Ralph Nickersoo sloop- sloop Earl Camden brig Elizabeth brig Watson brig Mariner srhr. — ship Grotiiis brie June Gordon 'richr. Hunter schr. Susan sehr. Vigilant brig Maria 8ch'r Falcon brisT Jane sloop Little Phoenix sloop Fame sroop Chance sch'r Deep Nine sloop Watt slo. Charming Eliza sloop Jamaica sch'r Phoenix brig Marquis brig Concord schr.-— Tender* ship Barclay ship Ashum brig Trident brig Haddock sch'r Coin ntbia brig Fire FJy brig Mary ., schr. Eliza ■ brig Argo brig- trans Lord Keith sch'r Elizabeth ship P<'lham brig Penguin* hip Union hip Venus hip Brio brig Nautilus* 10 18 8 Ifi Benj. Fr«nkfin jCharf« sfoit Revenge rorthnd Retaliation Growler Jack's Favorite do Holkar lHJm. Prigonen Campeachy 10120 America Ontario Yank«:e do. do. do. Saucy Jack Frolic do. do. do. do. ^e1r-Y.>rk ■^ttlern New- Orleans do. Newport Salem Sackelt's Uarb, France do do, do ■ f given up jSalem burnt made a cartel do 'ransomed Frig. Presidentf France 82i8S l\ iSO do Cordelia do. do. do. do. do. do. do, do. Yankee Rattlesnake Frigate Ecsexf Virginia militia F Essexf T B Yankee Scourge do. Portsmouth Sabine Argo Portsmouth Sorprise Orimpus Mars Globe do. Horneff Peacockf do. do. do TaUUt guna 3,113,— 12,216 men. do. burnt do. do. do. made a cartd do. sunk do. ' made a cartel New-BeiJ[ford Norway sunk Norfolk Peru Prance burnt do. • - >ewburyport Wilmiugtun burnt \Tachias PoHland ' ^ do '■ Newport burnt '\ drt. J sunk ' *" burnt ' marie a cartel burnt given up '^ {- ( J • 1 NEW BOOKS. ' f I \ t -mu^ FOB. SALE MY _. , B. & J. 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