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 f 
 
 LATIN PRONUNCIATION 
 
 * 
 
 KEPORT OF COMMITTEE 
 
 V APPOINTED BY THE 
 
 ^i 
 
 '-i' 
 
 Classical Association 
 
 OF ONTARIO. 
 
 TORONTO, ONT, 
 18&2 
 
TORONTO : ROWSBLL AND HUTCHISON, PBINTERS, 
 
LATIN PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 Your Committee, appointed to consider the subject of Latin 
 Pronunciation, beg leave to report as follov/s : — 
 
 As the reports of the High School Inspectors sufficiently 
 prove, there is at present in Ontario no uniform system of Latin 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Owing largely to this defect, the oral reading of Latin is little 
 attended to in many schools, while in others it is completely 
 excluded. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to point out what an important instru- 
 ment for teaching is thus neglected. If taught through the ear 
 as well as through the eye, pupils learn much more quickly, and 
 get a far more secure hold upon a language. 
 
 Not the least serious effect of the present disregard of oral 
 teaching is the ignorance of quantity that prevails very gener- 
 ally, with the consequent inability to appreciate Latin metres. 
 
 In the hope of partially rectifying pi-esent evils, your Commit- 
 tee have decided upon a scheme of Latin Pronunciation which it 
 is hoped will be adopted by the Ass^ ""iation and classical teach- 
 ers throughout the Province. 
 
 The scheme follows that known as the Roman method, and 
 is based \i\)on a report made in 1887 to the Cambridge Philo- 
 logical Society by a committee consisting of John Peile, J. P. 
 Postgate and J. S. Reid. This report opens with the following 
 announcement ; — " Your committee have come to the conclusion 
 that the classical pronunciation of Latin has been sufficiently 
 ascertained for the purpose of drawing up a scheme which may 
 reasonably' be regarded as permanent." 
 
 Before being adopted the report was fully discussed at two 
 meetings of the Philological Society, and was " put forth by the 
 Society as an approximate statement of the pronunciation of 
 Latin by the educated classes in the Augustan period. " 
 
 Besides giving what is presumably the cori-ect pronunciation 
 of Latin, the scheme involves three main advantages : — (a), it is 
 brief and simple ; (6), it presents a practically phonetic alphabet ; 
 (c), it makas very clear the distinction in quantity between long 
 and short vowels. 
 
 The Roman method is already used in some parts of Canada, 
 and is commonly followed in the best schools and colleges in the 
 United States. 
 
The following books of roferenco aro rcooininondod : — 
 Ellis, A. J. — Quantitiitive I'roiuinciution of 
 
 Liitin Macmillan, 1874. 
 
 Seolmann. — Die Atisspracho d o s 
 
 Lateins Henningcr, Hoilbronn, 1885. 
 
 Roby, H. J. — Latin Grammar Macmillan, 1887. 
 
 Cambridge Philological Society. — Pronunciation 
 
 of Latin Triibner, 1887. 
 
 (Price 3d.). 
 
 Vowels. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Pronounciation. 
 
 Latin A long in cah, manare. 
 short in cdlor, mdnSo. 
 
 E long as in nedton, 
 sccedo, die. 
 
 short as in nSfas, 
 seco, arcS. 
 
 I long in s», sin, ruUo. 
 
 short in sine, sitls, 
 rlgldus, 
 
 O long as in cdmls, 
 omhi. 
 
 short as in cdnies, 
 djrCts. 
 
 U long as in iind, umor. 
 
 short as in Uter, 
 hUmHs. 
 
 as Eng. a in psalm, salve. 
 
 the same sound shortened. 
 Both d & <l are found in &ha ! 
 
 N.B. a in Latin was never 
 ])ronounced as in mate, nor 
 A as in man, mat. 
 
 ns Eng. e in giey and .skein. 
 
 as Eng. e in sped and met. 
 
 N.B. Lat. e was never pro- 
 nounced as Eng. ee in see. 
 as i in machine, ee in feel. 
 
 N.B. The Latin i was never 
 the i in fine. 
 
 as i in fit, pin. 
 
 as o in bone, lone. 
 
 nearest representative Eng. o 
 in not, rock, 
 
 ns it in ritin, r?tde. 
 
 N.B. Lat. u was never pro- 
 nounced like u in acute, 
 nntle, which is yoo. 
 
 as u in fwll, oo in foot. 
 
 N.B. Lat. H never as Eng. i2 
 in but, cwt. 
 
Y long OH in gi/rils^ as I long. 
 I/f/dra. 
 
 short as in cpmbd, as y in beauty, lady. 
 Iprit. 
 
 Diphthongs. 
 
 The pronunciation of the diphthongs is host learnt by first 
 sounding each vowel He|)arately and tlion »*Mnning them together. 
 ne as ah-eh, au as ah-oo, oe as o-eh, ei as eh-ee, eu as eh-oo and 
 ttt as oo-ee. ^^ 
 
 AE in taedce 
 AU in lavdo 
 OE ill foediis 
 EI in hei 
 
 nearly Eng. a in fare. 
 Eng. on in house. 
 
 N. B. Avoid the pronunciation " feed us." 
 Eng. ey in grey, ei in skein. 
 
 EU in sen, neuter I The general rule, as given above, a 
 
 UI in cid, huic J sufficient guide. 
 
 Consonants. 
 
 C in ciino, cecini, ch'ca, condlcio. 
 
 Qu in inquit. 
 
 G in gaudeo, genus, glgds, age. 
 
 N before c (k, qu), g, as incipit, 
 
 inquani, cong^ro. 
 R in nngi, rdrus, dator. 
 S as in am, accuso, fristes. 
 
 J or 1 consonant as in iugum, 
 idcio. 
 
 V or U consonant as in luimLs, 
 
 always as Eng. k, never as 8 or 
 as c before e, i. 
 
 as Eng. qu in quick, 
 always as Eng. y in got, get, 
 beyin, never as j or g soft. 
 
 as tig in ^hxg, thus ingkipit, 
 
 ingquam, conggero. 
 trilled r as in French or Scotch, 
 always voiceless, as in hi««, 
 
 hist ; never voiced as in 
 
 has (haz). 
 
 as Eng. y : yugum, yakio. 
 
 uis, seruo. 
 
 as Eng. w : tt;ahnus, e^^ees, 
 
 N.B. There is no ancient authority for spelling i consonant 
 as j or M consonant as v. The Romans used one symbol for 
 both vowel and consonant. 
 
 B, D, F, H, L, M, N, P, T as in Eng. 
 
 N.B. t is always the same : 
 Edi^io is not to be pro- 
 nounced edisAio. 
 
 as Eng. ka (x) ; eA;sulto, not 
 eyysulto. 
 
 X as in aaxum, exulto. 
 
Z as 'ii gnzfif Zephyr tu. Probably as dz in &.dxe. 
 
 Do'ihle consonants shoulJ be carefully separated in pronun- 
 ciation, as a^-^er, po«-«uni, peTt-tta. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Observance of the quantity is of vital importance for the 
 proper appreciation of metre in Latin |K>etry and of rhythm in 
 prose. The difference in duration between short and long vowels 
 should be jarefully observed. Distinguish {e.g.) bdntim and 
 donum, miles and Hdes, ciipidus and durus. Observe the 
 quantity in sic, non, sln^, die, etc. 
 
 Each vowel has a quantity of its own, and as far as possible 
 the natural length of a vowel should be distinguished from the 
 conventional '* lengthening" which it undergoes before two 
 consonants. The i of scrII)o is still i in scrlptus, as the ^ of 
 s^co is still short (by nature) in s<?ctus. But in aeclus the weight 
 of the double consonant allows the syllable to be treated in 
 verse, as if it were naturally long. 
 
 From ancient authorities we leani that vowels were regarded 
 as long in themselves, when preceding ii8, n/, gn, ct (when 
 representing gt, as in lectus from lego), and at least sometimes 
 before nc, nqy and r followed by a consonant. Thus constans, 
 infensus, regnum, signinn, qulnque, sanctus, ordo, orno. 
 
 NoTK.— Conuiiuiii(>4ition8 Rhould )>e addretMcd to H. R. Fatirclough, M.A.,SecretAry 
 of the Classical AsHociatioii, University ColleKe, Toronto.