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Thoso too larga to ba antiraly Included in ona axposura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar iaft hand corner, loft to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Un des aymboles suivants apparaitra sur la darniire Image do cheque microfiche, selon ie cas: la symbole — »• signifie "A SUIVRE", Ie symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte i dss tuux do reduction difftrents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour *tre reproduit en un soul clich*, il est fiimi * psrtir do I'sngle supirieur gauche, do gauche i droite, et do haut en bas. en prenent ie nombre d'images necessaire. Las diagremmes suivants illustrent la mathoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKJIOCOfY IHOIUTION TBT CHAM (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2| A APPLIED irvHGE In 1653 Eost Ma Dominion or Canada IMIPAItTlIENT OF AQRICULTUKE DoMonoM EzPiBiMSKTAi. Fakms nzviiKnr or Hoinouiiuu \^ HARDY ROSES THEIR CULTURE IN CANADA i: ■1 BT W. T. XAOOUN Oom«f AgrioHMur*, Ottawa, Ont. i ^ ' .•.1. ^.y'i ■isHst One of the bu»t of the Hybrid Per|«tual nose*. Mrs. John Lung, • beautdfnl pink rone of fr«e fli-wtnng habit. DoMiNiuN or Canada DKI'AUTMKXT OF AOllK Tl/n UK Dominion Kxi'Erimbntal Takmh DXVZ8I0N OF HORTICULTUKE HARDY ROSES THEIR CULTURE IN CANADA w. T. NAConn Dominion llorllcullurUt. AlfO I. E. B?CS, B.8.A., Asaintant. BUI^l.KTIX No. 85 Pubtiihad by authority of Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Miniator of Agrioultur*. Ottawa, On*. 74802—11 KKBRUABY, IPIO ^ A v5^ .V. OCTiC 1252 Ottawa, Kt«bru«ry, H, ll>l.%. Tlw Iliiiiouralili* Tht) Minister of Aiirifiiltiins OttMwa. Rni/— I have th«> hunmir t" 'n o. W of the ri'giihir M>ri«, tht-ir Culture in Canada,*' . .ed iif Mr. W. T. Mamuii. Dominion HorticultiirUt, ami Mr. F. R. Burk, Amlntant. The Imtiiinc . ihi* liulk-iiii, rcpUciiiir, i«< it (lin-*, rnniithh-t X«. < f cmr puhllea- tii>n«, iind iini|ilit'.', iiiK irn-ntl.v the infnmintion coiit iiicd thi-rrin, \* fully justified hf tho wumi rt'>l it« loHK-iiMiimiiiir |>ri'<1f«'Mor. No KiiiKh' fiK'tor will, I iM'lifvt', do niorr to hold our Mmi niid daufihtcra on the fiirtti thiin iilfunniit homo DurroundinitA, iind «n<-h ia^ormation a« i« Riven In thl« bulletin cannot fail to draw the attention "f innny fnrmert ami other* to the part thiit mixht Ik< played by roi«e» iind the ro»e Runten in iiiiy effort in thia direction. Our ex|K'rinientiil work with thin flowir, ext<'iulin(j lu it do«'» from Princ«> Edward Tfiliind to Britidh Columhiii, niaki>« it evident ihiit r..»e« may be grown fiiirly readily III many di«trict« wIuto it wu» ut one time nuppoited id bo quite Impo^'ibli' to produce them with niiy meaxure of •uecf?'-. i«uvo under glaiw. I woiihl, therefore, reeomnuii'l that thii bu' ♦in bo very widely distributed throughout Canada. I have tho lonoiir t . "ir. Vo'ir (ilK'ilieiit servHUf, Ih .T. II. nUISDALE, h:i-, Puminion Kxpfrlmental Farm*. 74Rfl2— 2 s^^mM^ THE ILLTISTKATIONS. The illustrations used in this l-i.tUtin slu.winp the Porpola and Rose Oarden at the Central Farm, Ottawa, are from photosruphs taken l,y T.t. Frank T. Shutt- of the Central Experimental Farm. Grateful acknowledgment is also tendered L Messrs B K Cant k :-on- of Colehester. Kufjland, for the use of photoRraplis illustratmg individual '-New Ro.^es," and to the National Koso Society of Great Britain for the vse of halftoie blocks used to illustrate Mrs. John Laing group of roses and the I^oa rose. TABLE OF CONTENTS Pact Tntroductioii ^ Site and Soil jj Plants iiiul Plunting jj Cultivutiiiii, Wuteriiijf, and Maniirini; j^j Pnniinsr. 12 Winter Protwtion 14 Insects and Fmiffoiis Enemies 14 Propatration U (!ood Hybrid Tea Ruses for the (iiirden of) Xew Hybrid Tea Roses 22 (iood Hybrid Perpi-tiial Roses for the (iarden 22 SiM'eial " Small (iarden " Colleetion of Hardy Roses 23 Other Hardy Roses op, Austrian Hybrids 2C Autumn IJloom!n}r Roses 20 Climbin); Roses or Dwarf Polyantlia — Pompon Roses 27 Austrian Hybrid or Pornetiana Ros<'s 27 Hybrid Jai^mese Roses 29 Single Roses Sundry Hurdy Roses 29 :50 Moss Roses— Damask Roses— Austrian Briars — Hybrid China- Hybrid Cluster Rose. Roses for C(iast:il Refiioiis Tea Roses 31 Roses Free from Leaf Spot ;5o Notes on tlie Origin of Poi)ular Classes of Roses ;i2 Notes on the Parents of Some Slodern Ro.s<'s .-JO The Ideal Garden Ros< List of Roses Tested at Ottawa, from ItiOl-liill 37 74862— 2J ■iSdiii. lUi- Mib^Miila ■•■■ HAEDY ROSES THEIR CULTURE IN CANADA Mt W. T. MACOrN, Dominion llorlicuHuriiil, AXD F. E. BUCK, B.S.A., AHsiiitant. The rose has been regarded, from timu immemorial, as the loveliest of flowers. It is frequently called the " (iiiecn of flowers," uiul well deserves this high title. While the development of the improved varieties began in the Far East, where its beauty has been sung by poets of every age, it is now grown almost everywhere wliere gardens are made, and many volumes have been written in regard to it. Its exquisite perfume, graceful form, and the fascinating colours which the many varieties display constitute n threefold combination rarely met with, and when to these are ad(le sary, and no person should be detiTrod from growing roses because of the careful preparation recomnio'idod. Uosrs iiiny be iihnitod in almost any good loamy soil, with fair results, provided the s )il is neither very wet nor very dry. Wwt half ui the Rose Garden, the fir^t aummer after idanting. PLANTS AND FLANTINO. Strong, two-year-cld budded plants are the best to plant. Yearling plants, while cheaper, do not make much show tlie first year, and one is liable to be discouraged before the next season comes round. Some roses da very well on thoir own roots, while others are not very viporous. On the whole, budded plants are the best. The autumn is the best time to jiliint roses, prefcnWy just before winter sets in. Sonic- times, however, roses though ordered for autumn delivery do not reach 0:10 in time, in which case a good plan is to heel them in in unfrozen soil by digpin'.; av.viy the frozen soil and burj-ing the roots and a large proportion of the stems. Tho novice in rose culture is, however, more likely to obtain his roses in the spring, and it is for this reason that so many failures occur. By the time the plants re:ich their destination they have often begun to wither, and when planted in this condition are almost sure to die. Conditions are mr.de much worse when the phints come in May when the weather may be hot and tlie winds and soil dry. Tea roses should be phmted about fifteen inches apart; Hybrid Teas about eighteen inches; Hybrid Perpctuals two and a half feet, and the Rugosa hybrids. Moss roses and other hardy sorts about four feet. If the roses are planted in the autumn they should not be pruned back at that time, but left until spring. If, however, they are planted in the spring it is necessary IS to prune back levercly when planted. Tlio buihe* should be planted deep enough »o th«* the poirt of union between itock end icion i* from two to three inches bt-Iow the ^. /face of the ground. This is important as if the union is at or near the lurfnoo. the sun shining on it hordens the wood and prevents a free circulation of sap. whirh is not desirable, as tor best results a strong, viirorous growth is necessary. When planting, the soil shoi ' \ be well tramped about the bu«li to bring the particles into dnso contact with the rooto and ensure their getting moirture as soon as possible. Rogcs have comparatively few roots, and none of thoso should be pruned off when planting;, unless there should happen to be n very lonR roo* preventing proper planting, whin iia length mny be reduced, of if there are broken roots they should be removed. The roots should not be exposed to drying winds, when planting, any longer than is abso- lutely neeessary. A plan sometimes followed is to dip the root* in a puddle made of day and water. This coating of day on the roots not only protects the roots when the bushes ore being planted, but we believe ensures a quicker flow of moisture to the roots in the soil. If the stems look withered when they are received, the plants should bo buried for nlxtut two doys in wet soil so thoi the stems mny take up woter from the soil. This will often save pli'nts which would otherwise die. In addition to this it is desiwhle if the weather is very dry at planting time, to henp the soil up around the stems until there is rain. When the plants are set in the autumn the soil should be heaped up nroiind the stems to protect them. In tlio spring this is removed and the phints severely headed buck. One should not hesitate to reduce the stems so that there will be only from three to six buds left on each of the stems above the ground. This severe pruning is even mtire important in the case of spring-get plants, and is often the means of saving the plants which would other- wise die. CTTLTIVATION AND WATESINO. As has been stated before, rosss need an abundance of moisture. By keeping the surface 8 near the ground in Canada, if they live through the winter at all, should have the dead and injured wood removeo, and if tlio wood should not be injured the bran<'hes should be pruned back about one-third. It is extremely important to remove suckers or roots springing from tho stock on which the rose is budded. These should he removed as soon, as noticed and careful watch kept for them. They should bo cut off closo to tho stock and not at or above T4862— 3 14 the ground. It may be novmMrjr to tike away ■ little toil to dii this. There U no reliaUe way of t<>lling the (toek, although experience will increaie the knowledge in this reapeet, but vigilance i* neccMory or the ttiirk will aMcrt itself and toon the roaa one thinki he in growing will not be there. The leaven of the vtook are often of a paler green colour than the namrd varietiea, and nn^ ao gliMiiy. Somrtinu'* the leavea of the at»ck have n purpliah tinge. r»iiaUy thu ntwks hove a larger number of leaf- lota on the leavea than the nanii-d varieties. WIXTEB PBOTECnOH. Roaea of the firat group npeend aonie of them down nd cover them with toil and, where evergreen boufilia can l>o obtained, to put tome of theae over tliem iia well. A little aoil taken from one aide of the buah will enable one to Iny tlin l>uali Hut down ao that the whole of it moy be covered. Should the ground freeze and snow full ao that the buah ciinnot be covered, ft good plan ia to tie the braiichca together und then tic over the branchca aomc evergreen bougha, canvan, or any matcriiil whieh will protret the buah both from wind and aun. The mntcrinl should bo of such u ntiturc that it will protect the pluiit but at the same time not hold moisture for any length of time, as if the cauea ore moist for a conaideruble time they moy mould. For Hybrid IVrpetunl, Hybrid Teo, nnd Ten roaoa more protection ia neecaaary. One of the aimpleat methoda of protecting both Hybrid Perpetual and Hybrid Tea roaea ia to enrth them up six or eight Inchea or more in the nutumn, thua protecting the lower part of the atema, and if the topa arc killed back the lower part of the atem ii4 almoat aure to remain alive. In oddition to thia the plant mny be bent down and held down witli aoil, or where bushea ore not uauatly pruned bock severely they may be entirely covered with aoil to pretterve them. Where tliix treatment is not Rufflcient, a liiiht covering of straw or evergreen bougha over the aoil ia deairable, which will prevent sudden thawing nnd freezing rnrl may anve the planta sometimes. If the i>i)il is frozen diM'p before one thinks of covering, the bush may be bent down and held down with boards and covered with evergreen bougha, or even without these the snnw may be suffieient protection. In the spring the anil should be levelled ond the buslieit raised as son , as posalhle to prevent the development of disease, llood results are obtained whciC the preceding method fnila by bending the bushes do. mid the thrip., fmall. hoppinir ii,.ei.ti whi.h cau.e the lf.ue. t.. pt.rl. ofrn, do mu.-li h.trm unle»i eontmlM. lliiro arc icver|il goml nin.diw for cIiim., uiid. u» prtviniion i. Utirr than euro, a remedy fhould be applied U nuinUm. Aa it.iled U-fore. thorough fpnijiug w-'. w.iter is a g-xni preventive, fir-t. nieotino in the proportion of one teaiixH.iifi .^ oiio Hiillon of w.iter. or a deeoci , nin.le of quii>»i.i chipa anu soft io.ip or wh.ile oil map mmie by boiliiiK four oiin.-.s of quiii.Mia eVipa lor ten minute, in n riillon of .oft w.iter. then .tmiii nii.l. while the li.piid i. .till wiirin. di-w.lve f.uir oun.e. of ,oft .....p or whole oil .o.ip in it. ui.il U-fore iiMntr ndd one ffnllou of w.it.r. It ni.iy bo neee...iry to .yriiiBe with wnter, after thi> iiiw-ct. ..ro killed, to eleiin the pl.int.. Wh:.le oil HO..P in the proportion of one pound to »x enlloii* of wnter 1. n Boml in.ectir.de to u»e for n|.ln. or thrip.. and kerosene em.iUion i. a reliable remedy, b'.t If jinproiK-rly m.ulc the folinge niiiy be injured. The ...me rei.ie.li,.. ni.i.y 1« um.I for It.d Spider., tiny inm-f. the pre^eneo aide of the le.ive.. and un! -, the eyeMRl,- i. Rood e,i .t be det.^ted with the n.,k..d »!li J'T'l "Tu .'"""* ".vriMBniK of the ,.n,b.r.i.le of the le.,ve« with wnter «b...o will help to keep thonr ,n«...t. un.ler control, nnd flower, of M.|ph,.r „iix,.l with kevo- •e.ie crnnls.on or wl.,.le oil .onp will n.nke these in-ivtieides more effc.tive \\here the Powdery Jlildew i. troi.ble.ome it m.iy Ik- •ontrolK.l by ,uii„a the bu.lie. eveijv te.i or twelve dny. with Aow.m „f .„lphur until the d, „se di* appcr. The l^nf Bloteii or Bb.-k Spot is another diMMi.c which .on.. : „ne. di.- fiffure. the Iciyc. very nm.h nnd w...ke.,s the pim.t. Hor.l,.n..x n.ixt..re nn,l Ammo,.- lacal Copper Cnrbonnte SMl„t„.„ will control this, bot if the former is ,..,,1 it .hould bo u.ed .evernl wc-ks before the blooi g „.,,.o,i or after it. .o tlu.t the folinge will ?1„ /r ■?" . ""■ * 7"""'- '."' """"'■'"' '^■'"" *'"■ '""'" "" '" •''"""•■ Ammnnin..fll Copper Co rbonnte i. n.n.le w.th one ounce cptH-r cnrbonnte, fo..r-Hfth. of n pint of nmmon.a and eifjlit p.ll.n.s of wnter. Dissolve the ,op,KT cnrl.o..ntc i„ the nn'monin. The arnmon.n and coneeiitrnted .olnti.... should be kept in ^'Inss or stone jnrs tiiihtly corked. \M.c., th.' d.sense U in n plnntnfion. every effort shoold I„. mn.le bv thoro.mh aprny.ng to control and destroy it as soon ns iwssil.Ie. Plants .h.n.ld be sprnved nbo..t once a week offer the disease is first noticed and where it bus occurred previon«lv be«.n as 8oon na the foliage is out. PBOFAGATION. The enthu.ia8tic rose prower will want to propn^nte roses himself. ,nd it adds much to the pleasure of growing this charming flower if o..e is able to ptow one's own plants. " "'" " Koses grown in the open are usnnlly propngnted by budding. Knising them from cuttings IS not very satisfactory in (>a„a.la, olthongl. it ca,. be done f.irlv sneeessf.dlv w.th some vnr.et.cs. Grafting is rarely resorted to o„t-i,le. bel,,^ eonfi,.ed almost entirely to under glass, and even then it .9 done to a very liniited extent. Sloel-H.— The stocks most used in propagating roses are Dog rose or briar stocl- {Rosa canina). a wild rose of Great Britain, and the Xrn..etti. a Enronenn stock orwnally coming from Italy. The Sw- -.Jar (Rosa ruh!,,l„os„) „],„ „,^^^^ a verv Woodstock. It IS possible that rome ■ "g-growing Canadian wild roses wouM 74802— .1J 16 aakt good iIocIm. TIm briar tloelit an fltkar propagated from outtinga or from Mwd. Rooted outtinga oan bo obuinod at very low pricM from nurarrjrniMi. and tba ruao grower btJiaalf oan roadiljr raia* thatn from wed. Th«ro will ba a yrar'a Mviiig in tin>«, at lra«t, by planting th« moted culliint^ Tho root»>d atoi-k*, which are u»ually rewired early in the upring, ihouM be pUtilrd about a finit apiirt In ruwa thn-e fei't apart. The toil thould Iw kppt wpII rultivnted to at to induce the plant* to dtirt into growth promptly in onler that by tho budding Miaion there will U an abuiidanw of •ap under the bark. The aoil thould alto bo e«rth«rr tying. described for the imported stocks. Sonic of them should then be rendy for bmkliiig thnt acnson. They should l>o coiitimd to one main stem but nil side hruiiehes left cii. While buddinK by amateurs is usually more successfully done on the Mnnctti stuek, it is not so desiriilde as tlio briar as, if snekers come up. the foliage i<* ditKeult to dis- tinguish from some of the named varieties of rosea. Moreover, tho roses are net so lonff-livi'd on the Maiictti ns on tho briar. Where standard roses are desired, and theso are only suitable for the milder parts of Canada, the stocks will need to be a year older before they are budded than for the ordinary dwarf or biish roses. Budding.— The budding of rose, is much lik_> tho bud^'^in of fruits, and any one who is nt all skilful with his hands can do it v?ry suceer.fully. The time f jr biid propmp aeaton. pieeet of the ihooti called " bud atidia " with aereral good buda on them are mit and immedialelr after cutting the leoret are all removed to prevent trantpiration of mo. tre, leaving about an inch of the leaf Hem attached to the thnot. Tha bud tllckt" are kept wraii|ied in wet mona or tncking to prevent any drying out. at tha buda mutt be kept freth. The ttockt are now prepared bv clearing away the •nil down to nbniit two itichoi below the tiirface of the toil or at iirnr the roott aa pottibia and rubbing the item clean and if necettary nmoving any thoott which may ba in the way. A cut it now made cn.ttwite on the ttook thr.>ugh the berk and down to the wood and a longitudinal cut about an inch long down from it. the two indtiona kwking Mm..what like T. At the tumm«>r may be hot and dry. the buda are not to liable to dry out if they are intertrd on the northeatt tide of the ttook where the tun will nut ttrike them to much. With the ivory end of the budding knife the bark ia now ni'ted to receive the bud. The bud it cut from the bud ttirk with a pieoa of biirk about an inch or more long or hr.lf an inch on each tide of the bud and with aa ntaSu TNIN ftg«TI«M •» SAAK. a. Sioi vi«w or Pmc^arcd Buo V 6NtwiN« IMNIH ftun^M* O^TIlftSANK C. Thih •acrioN CF ftAff.wooo i rACNtp T» •a«k. tmall a piece of wood attached aa pogsible. This piece of wood ihouM be removed and a little practice is required before this cun oe done witlunit injuring the bud or bark. The wood is removed with a quick pull uuing the knife blade to assist. A quick action it necessary- otherwise tlie bud will In? dragged and injured. If the wood doca not como out readily the bu ! is too ripe and younger wood should be procured. If the bud is cut with the minimum amount of wood attuelied, it ia possible to bud •uccrssfully even without removing it. After removing the piece of wood the bark is cut off ut the en-ln, mukinrr it the proper length, and slipiK-d under the bark, using the piece of the leaf stem as a handle, and raising the bark with the knife in the other hand. The bud should not be exposed to the dry iiir any longer than is absolutely necessary, os it must not become dry. When brought into place the hud should he JMst where the two incisions cross. Tlie bud must now be held in place by means of raffia which is wrapp<}d tightly around the stem above and below and close to the bud. Neatness in doing thiw will soon be learned. In three or four weeks the bud will ha*'e taken, if the work has been well done, and if the soil has been moist the raffia vill have rotted nnd will not require loC'Stning. If still tight it should be cut after about a month as it will prevent the proper circulation of sap. The stock is allowed to grow aa usual until growth ceases. Early in the spring the stock is cut back to within three or four inches of the bud on those plants where the buds have taken. Aa soon aa 18 the buds start to grot' they must be well looked after as unless kept tied up the new- shoots are liable to break off. Stout sticks or bamboo rods are desirable to which to tie the shoots as they grow. All growth from the stocks should be kept cut off mid, as soon as the new shoots can be tied, the stubs on the stocks should be removed. After growing one season they will be rcndy to move into the rose garder.. Budding for standard roses is done much as for dwnrf except that the buds are put in near tiic top of the main stem instead of at the bottom. When the budding season arrives, buds are inserted on two laterals of the current season's growth springing from the main stem at the desired height. The buds are put in quite close to the main stem. Usually m budding standards the cross cut is not made for fear of breaking the small braiK-hes. but there is a longer longitudinal incision which comes close to the main stem. Two buds are put in on two laterals, in case one should fail. In the autumn all the latcrnls are cut away and the two on which the buds have been inserted are cut back to witlnn three or four inches of the stock until they have started to jro.v, when they are cut off near the buds. Propagalina from Cuttinfjs (Roses on Their Own Boo/«;.— Careless rose growers who let the stocks grow up and tmothcr the budded variety are strong advocates of having roses on their own roots so that there will be no danger in this regard, but the careful rose grower is quite content with budded stock, as he knows that as a rule 'he growth will be much stronger and the flowers better on roses budded on a vigorous stock like the Dog rose, but if a grower desires to raise plants from cuttings the follow- ing information will be of assistance. Some of the climbing roses such as Crimson Kamblcr and Dorothy Perkins strike readily from cuttings, whereas many of the Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Teas are rather difficult to strike unless one has a Rose cutting. greenhouse where the best conditions arc obtained. In most parts of Canada, little success will follow taking ripe wood cuttings of about six to eight inches in length and planting them outside in nursery rows deep enough so that only one bud will be above the surface of the soil, but some success may be obtained with Crimson Ratnl.Ier and a few other varieties by treating them in this way. The best success will be obtained by taking cuttings when the wood is about half ripe in July, with a heel or small piece of older wood at the base; remove the leaves except the two nearest the top, and plant them in coarse sand in a cold frame. But even treated in this wny they are difficult to root. The soil in the frame must be kept constantly moist and the air must be kept as moist as possible, by giving as little ventilation as possible without the cuttings moulding. A method which has given fairly good success where it is desired to root a few cuttings is to take an ordinary six-inch porous flower pot and put a plug in the hole in the bottom so that the water cannot get out. Put tl.is pot in a nine-inch pot and fill the space between the two pots wUh coarse aand, first putting some coarse material such as pieces of flower pot or cinders in the bottom for drainage, and sufficient sand to bring the smaller pot to the proper level. The smaller pot should be set in the other so that the top of it will come within an inch of the top of the larger pot. Now insert the cuttings an inch or two apart in the sand, fill the pix-inch pot with water and put in a place wh. t will be in the sun for aa many hours a day as possible. The moisture will be regularly supplied to the soil through the pot if it is kept filled with water, and the conditions will be quite favour- able for the cuttings to make root. If the sand is allowed to become dry the cuttii'gs will, of course, be spoiled. 19 Layering. — Some varieties of roses can be readily increased by luycriiiK. Layoring consists in bending down the branches and covering the bent part with from four to six iiiehes of soil, leaving the tip and upper part of the brunch exposed. In time the branch will root whom it is bent, and the rooted part is then cut off. As a rule, root- ing will bo much more rapid if the brunch is cut part v.-ay through at the base tf a bud, where it will be bent, and then another cut niudo lengthwise of the branch through the bud for an inch or more. If tliis cut is held a little open with some coarse sand, the layers will sometimes rtH>t quickly. Suckers.— Some roses wliich are often on their own roots, such as the Persian Yellow, Japanese rose (Horn rugosa), Provence or Cabbage, and Damask roses, are readily propagated by digging up and planting the suckers which spring up around the parent plant. Originating New Varieiiea.— It is very interesting to originate new varieties of roses, and every amateur has a good opportunity of producing something better thnn has ever been introduced before, although where one has only a small urea it is (doubt- ful if the best use of the land can be niude in this way, as only a small proportion of the seedlings will give good roses, and it will take three or four years before one can tell what the results of the work will be. The simplest plan in raising new varieties is to save the seed of the best sorts and sow it in the autumn as previously described, but the most interesting method is to cross two varieties having the characteristics which it is desired to combine in one. In brief, this method consists of putting the pollen of one variety on the pistil of another, the pollen from which has been removed before it is shed. The details of cross-breeding are described in other bulletins of the Experimental Farms. GOOD OAADEN BOSES AT OTTAWA. The roses in the following lists, in mof.t cases, may be seen growing in the new Rose Garden at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. These lists in this edition of the bulletin have been revised and extended in order that rose growers may find the information given as helpful as possible. Nearly all the reconmiendcd roses have been given their respective places in these lists principally by reason of the fact that they 'luve been found worthy of such places by actual tests made at Ottawa during the past few years. Amongst such roses will be found many which are highly recommended by rose growers throughout Great Britain, on the continent of Europe, and by growers on this continent. That a rose is popular and recommended in Europe or the United States does not, however, imply that it is the best rose for Canadian conditions. In connection with the tests carried on at Ottawa, it gives considerable satisfaction to find that a rose witli a good reputation elsewhere is able to live up to it. Frequently, however, a rose popular elsewhere is not fully successful at Ottawa, owing perhaps to the fact that some one of its essential or herediti ry qualities will not stand the cold of the winter or perhaps the heat of the sunniier. Experiments with Hybrid Tea roses are comparatively new at Ottawa, and there- fore the following lists are given subject to revision as our knowledge of the suita- bility of varieties for definite conditions increaaea. 20 GOOD HTBBn) TEA SOSES FOB THE GASDEN. An alphabetical list of good garden roses belonging to the Hybrid Tea Claas and reoommended from amongst those tested at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Admiral Deway. Antoine Ri voire Avoca Betty Camoena . . Captain Christy, Caroline Teatout Dean Hole Dorothy Face Roberts Dr. 0"Donei Browne EcarUte Et>iile de France. . . . Farben Kinigen Grace Molyneux Oustav (iiunvrwald. O. C. Wimd. Gruas an Teplitz . . . H. Armytage Moore. J. B. Clark. Jnwph Hill Kaist-rin Auc«.>ita Victoria. Kill.'impy Lady Auhtown . Lady Ursula. . La France . Le I'ro^rPH. Mme. Abel Chatvnny. . Mine, .lull's Grolez Mme. MelanieSoiipert. Mme. Ravarv Mine. Leon rain Mn e. Mau'ice de Luze '1907. Margaret 1909. Margaret Molyneux 1909, Marfiuiae Litta 1893. Mildred Grant jl901. Mrs. Aaron Ward . . . ;1907 Mrs. Harold Brery yellow, shaded salinon pink, fragrant. Cream, shaded lemon. Flesh sutfused pale pink, fragrant. Pure deep pink, free flowering. Flesh pink, vigorous. Silvery rose, pale lilac shading, fragrant. Golden yellow, free flowering. Pale salmon pink, with deejuT centre, fragrant. Bright silvery rose, shaded yellow, fragiant. Pale sunset yellow. Pale orange yellow, deeiier centre. Silvery flesh and orange yellow. Deep rose, carmine centre, fr.'vgrant. Soft salmon rose. Saffron yellow, shaded pink. Deep carmine, fragrant. Ivory white, tinted peach. Indian yellow, edge of jn'tiila white. Creamy white, centre butf, fragrant". Bright cerise pink, fragrant, extra vigorous. Brilliant pink, and suliiion, fragrant. Pale tinted rose, shadetl apricot, fragrant. Cherry crimson, fragrant. Rhea Reld 1908 Renee Wilmart.Urbon 11907 Salmon flesh, Richmond 1!K)3 ' Bright light crimson, fragrant. Souvenir de President Carnot 1895 Rosy Hcsh, and white, free flowering, Vf. K Lippiatt 1907 l Velvety -criinson, fragrant n New Hybrid Tea RoHe,— Mrs. Amy Hammond, colour a blend of ivory, amber and apricot. 22 HEW HTBBID TEA B0SE8. A list of promiiiing Hybrid Tea roses of recent inlroductwn, and a few others which hiive not been tested at Ottawa for a sufficient length of time to be included in the previous list. Name. Date of Origin. DeMiription. British Queen. Carinn. ma ion 1900 (dreamy white, fragrant. Lemon yellow, coJUiery roue edgtn. Diicheas o( WcUingtiin K.izabeth Barnra Lady Darham LodyPirrio. 1* T«K». Lieutenant Chauro Mallei Drew . MarchioneM of Waterford M lodv Mra. Amy Hammond Mrs. E. J. Holland 1809 1007 m\ 19111 IflOO 1010 mi mo 1911 mi 1909 mi 1009 1910 1909 1911 1901 1909 1910 Deep saffron yellow, iiutnide (letaU orange. ''almon ruae, fawn centre, Flrsh and coral pink, fragrant. Delicate copfiery salmon and aprirnit yit'low. Pale blush white rone centre. Rich crimson, fragrant. Creamy yellow, fragrant Salmon pink. Deep saffron yellow, with primrose bordtr, fragrant. Cream, shaded amber, friigrant. Deep pink, shaded salmon. Pale orange to yellow bulf. Soft blush, outside of petals deep rooe. Salmon pink yellow biwf. Brilliant rose pink, free branching. Deep nianxm. Rosy white shaded pale salmon. Pure white nearly suigle, lai^i- flowt-rs. Deep orantre apricot, semi ijiiuble, f n».'rant. Carmine jiink on cream, free blooming. Creamy pink. Mrs. C. E. Allan Mr.. Wakefield Chrbtie Miller Mm. Fred Strnker Miss Cynthia Fordo Othello Fhariaaer Simplicity Tiiiiresa ... WiUiam Shean 1S06 GOOD HTBBH) FEBFETUAL BOSES FOB THE QABDEF. Name. 1866. 1867. 1893. 1861. 1894 1906. Alfred Colomb. Baroness Rothschild Captain Hayward Charles Lefebvre. Clio. Commandenr Jules Oravereux . Duke of Ii/linburgh DupuyJamain 1868. Fisl.er Holmes... 1865. Frau Karl Drusohki 1900. Gen. .Jacqueminot 1863. Her Majesty 1886. Hugh Dickson 190*. iMiy Helen Stewart 1887. Mme. Victor Verdier 1863. Merveille do Lyon 1882. Mrs. .lohn Laing 1887 Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford 1894. Magna Charta 1876. Margaret Dickson 1891 . Paul Neyron Rev. Alan Cheales Suzanne Marie Rodocanachi 1883. . Ulrich Bnmner 1881. AbelCarriere |1876. John Hopiier |1862 Mme. Gabriel Luiiet :1877. Date of Origin. Reynolds Hole Renateur Vaisse. Vi;U)P Verdier. . 1872. 1869 1869. Description. Bright red, fragrant, free blooming. Light rosy pink. Scarlet crimson, fragrant. Velvety brilliant crimson. Flesh, shaded rose pink. Velvety red, lighter centre. Bright vermiliim, good grower. Bright ctrise, good grower. Crimson scarlet, free bl ■ .i introduced in 1885. Hugh Diekton, HJ*. — ThU is one of the rery beit of its cbui. The plant ii vigorous and a free bloomer. Tlie colour of the flowers is attractive and lasting, being crimson, shaded scarlet. Highly recommended. Does well at Ottawa, and in town gardens generally. Mrs. John Laing, HJ*. — Another deservedly popular rose, and a winner of the Gold Medal. Plant a free and vigorous grower, producing a good number of blossoms in the spring and again in the autumn. Flowers rosy pink, good size, and lasting in quality. Fragrant. Does well in town gardens. Jlfrs. R. O. Sharman-Crawford, H.P. — This is one of the best of its class for a second crop of blooms. The plant is of fair growth and healthy. The flowers are a beautiful shade of dear rosy-pink, and of moderate size. A variety easy to grow. Ulrich Brunner, Il.P. — This rose forms one of the three recommended by one of the most noted of rosarians as the three best " Roses for Cottage Gardens." The plant is vigorous and does well at Ottawa. Although it does not blossom freely it gives some autumn bloom. Flowers cherry-red, fragrant, and of good size. The foregoing seven varieties of Hybrid Perpetual roses are all different in colour, and are possibly the pick of the class. They can be recommended to those who wish to grow a limited number of roses only. If a still smaller number of this class is required the choice might be Frau Karl Druschki (white), Mrs. John Laing (pink), and Hugh Dickson (red). Caroline Testout, H.T. — Since its introduction in 1890 this has been a very popular rose in its class. The plant makes good growth. The flowers are bright warm pink in colour, and fairly luting. It is a free blooming variety and reliable. Good for town gardens. Dean Hole, H.T. — At Ottawa during the past few years this has been the one rose which has been unequalled for its abundant and continuous blooming habit. The plant is vigorous and healthy. The flowers are pale silvery rose, deeper shadeu. It appears to be as hardy as most of the H.P. roses, and is perhaps the best of all roses for autumn bloom. This rose, with several others possessing many good habits and the ability to withstand our winters, augurs well for the future of roses of this class in districts even as cold as Ottawa or Montreal. Slightly fragrant. Eearlate, H.T. — This rose is of comparatitvely recent introduction and has suc- ceeded well at Ottawa and elsewhere. It is given a place here because, in addition to its ordinary merits, it is of a strikingly bright scarlet colour and free blooming. Bright red roses are not common amongst the Hybrid Teas. This is most effective planted next to varieties like ifadnme Ravory or Joseph Hill. Oustav Orunerwald, H.T. — A rose succeeding well at Ottawa and giving general satisfaction elsewhere. Fairly vigorous, free flowering, and a bedding rose of excel- lence. Flowers fairly large, bright carmine, with yellow centre. Blooms well early and late in the season. Lady Ashtown, H.T. — One of the most satisfactory roses of recent introduction. Easy to grow and a very persistent bloomer, giving nice long pointed buds, with deep pink flowers of good substance. At Ottawa it gives promise of taking a place near the top of list of the best dozen of its class. Lady Ursula, H.T. — A plant of fairly vigorous habits. The flowers are large, full, and of good shape ; flesh pink in colour, and fragrant. It is a good all-round rose of great promise ; but owes its place in this list more particularly to the fact that as an autumn bloomer it is almost equal to Dean Hole. Madame Ravary, H.T. — No list of good Hybrid Tea roses would be complete if it did not contain one of the fine yellow varieties which are the glories of the class. It Would be a difficult point to assign its place on the score of colour alone to this rose, as Mrs. Aaron Ward, La Progres, Margaret Molyneux, Joseph Hill, and others are equally beautiful perhaps, but Madame Ravary has done well at Ottawa in the vigour of its growth and abundance of bloom. It has beautiful golden yellow buds opening to orange yellow, and is a good town rose. warn The ieven yarietie* of Hybrid Tea rosea juat described are no doubt the pick of their claaa for a small list suitable for general recommendation. The roses are of various colours, and the length of their blooming season is very extended, more so of cuurso than is the case with tlie li»t of Hybrid Perpetuuls. It' a smaller number is desired the recommendation would be l)ean Hole, Kcarlato — if a red rose is wanted — otherwise Lady Anhtown and Madame Kavary. Etuile de France is another fine red rose for a small collection. Hybrid Tea Rose. —Mrs. Seorge Shawyer, colour, dear Huge Pink. Other Hardy Roses. Conrad F. Meyer [Japiinese (Rugosa) Hybrid].— No garden containing roses should be without a specimen or two of those hardy roses, with their beautiful, attrac- tive, and clean folinpe. This variety has flowers of a clear silvery rose colour, pretty in the bud stage, and a free bloomer. Slightly fragrant. itaiomt Otorgta Bruant (JapcneM Hybrid).— ThU It tb. )yitit white Tariety of itt claM. Flowert p«per>white, lar{re, double, and pretty in th»e which hnve been found to be fairly Mtitfactory, munt, however, be carefully protected during the winter. Dmcriptiun. A few of (h« bent;— CriDMan Riunl>li-r. D«otbv Pnkioi <>x, tinted white. Yelkiwiih white. Dwarf Folyuith»--Pompon Bomi. Those minatiire roses form n distinct elnss. The rlnss eontnins roses of very dwarf habit, the pliints lieiiig soldoi.i more than from twelve to eighteen iiiel es hiKh. They produce an abundance of smnll blossoms. The colours nre not of n wide riinjre. orange and pink shudes swm to prov.ii', nhhoufrh ftood vnrieties in white, red, ond creom are to be had. Where the snowfiill is nlmudiint they may be considered com- pletely hardy, and will not need winter protiH-ticm. They are ftood blomners mid should not be pruned except when old or dead wood hns to be out out from the centre in order to keep the plants from getting too crowMeri|itlon. 100D. opTjry oramr* i«l, |«Min« toMlmon pink, rnHrnnl. ?!"*. """ "' '^ '"'• ('♦""HHiiii.. oluwd with til. C..r»l riNi «l,ghily •haded with y«l,'ow. Chfrry iwf and yellow. tHd >uld, iniiihi irf iiKal* rich rrd. *J!li!?7i'.'[!i'^ •'"I •hrin.;.oriJm«ipink. (H.«w }«• 'Y»llow«DdoWroift '"U Citdmiirai yollow turn (Th« I'llO ItXM 1010 IMM <•». Cadmium yoliow tiirninB to ninn«wrr yrlkiw. '*''' 1 !'_>'["*. /r"" °r-^ir" »«ll«>w to TKddiih gild. mo. , flriil of thM rarv. ) jC5o|.|»ry old tu^ ibadnl yellow. Perfeotly Eudj Hybrid JapueM Boms. The i7u0o«a or Japanwe roFe. with thiir hybrid, ore without doubt the hor.1i.,.t of all roK^g. A. plant* for Mn^le Fpprimot.r, nrouiid the ho.igo. or for mnoMug in group, on the lawn thry aro withont ..,tml«. The foli„po. even of the hybri.'i. i. alwaya bright, clenn. and attractivo. nnd n.-ithor in«.ct« nor fm.Rou. di^oa^of. trouble it in nny way. While the «ngle and semi-double flowors which thoy produce nro not guitnl.lo for cufting. thry are produo,>d ,n such an abundniicc that the plant, make very plrnH- ing objec •, in the neason of bloom. Later in the .year the fruit or " hip." are also attraotive. -^he plant, .ho.ild not be pruned, only doad wood need be cut out. and no winter protection i. necessary. JtoM Rur/oaa atropurpum. H riihnt. • allm Blanc double dc Cuubert . . Conrad V. Mt-yi-r. . Mme. Oe<>. Knunt Mrs. Anthony Watert-r . New vahetiui under triul. . Date of Origin. Doncription. . 19no iiwy ilS'l-.'. limn. ,t«8S. iww., pi'ep maroon crimaon, aingle Deep ri mi, ainKlii. I'lire white, large flnWFra, single. I'lire white, aeiiiidcinlilo. Clear nilyeryriwH, pretty biuU, Unible. Mure white, double, free bl< aimer. Ueep red. ■ruii-double, fragrant. four^'.TiioJI'er """■" "*" '* '^'""^ f"^'>»'i"f'«'»';!y from M«l. although the meth.Kl take, thre,.... Single Bowi. « T -^1."^^", ''^7 .'"t"<'sti"K ""d comparatively „ew section of roses i. that of the Irish Single Varieties." They are very free flowering, bca."-'.; in the bud stages. and most nttrnetive in their colours. The flowers are much larger than nil oth. r classes of single roses. Thn followlnf v«Hi'tlr» hii»e hem tcrt»d •! Ottnw*!— Xar IIMaof t>ncri|iM>nt itiiff.. of iIh. fiip<>riin.*ril. witli t,m-» it U not iH-niWi. to girt> lltt« <.f vj.r ..ti., mor.. .u ubi.. th..,. ,h« li.t, .Irnuly „iv..,.. for .o„m of ,.„. „,or.. '...ormHl t I -n •''••.»'"•"••'' •7'«"! '•""j"n..ti.,„ with ,1... nmh. tri.-l . ,.,..riM..-..t. nt . h.t of n.vl,r.. T..n r..,^ U gWm mhu-U .-m-ut. .^ v..ri..ti... tl.nt ..r,. km.w., to ,|o m....hI.,„,|.. w.l In . h.rn, , or ..„«.,.,1 „tn.o.,.l...r... Tho li.t U l...«..l on ^ono, I informoti.m ol.t,.i..«M,. in th.« ..o„n....ti,.n. n, w.-ll n. on a li.t r. .■o„,m..n.l,Kl br grower. m t... north o Ir..|.u,.l. wl.i.h li.t i m,..,....l of v„ri ,i..» ,h„t giv unlurp.«7d TMulti. M bodding or garden km. in the latitude of Belfast un»urp.«ioa Whiu Mom Hum tre •!«> iMn in full bloom in tbo M iiuaMdutJly lihind. >l,i„^'^"! n'?' "^ •""'"''"f "' ^^^ "♦'""'P'"-'-'' i* »'>"ni.l it is „nwi«, to grow tho Amner-potuliod vnn..t...s. «,..». ns L.. Fra....... Kv..„ „t Ottawa i„ the nnt..m„ „1 o„ hen y dews c.-ur the th.n petal, of certain varieties will beeon.e .euled and the flow T balleU and iiseli-ss. The following thicker-petallod varieties, many of which have been described in he foregoing hsts, and aU of which are beautiful, are rconmundcd:- ''""^ '" Amateur Tcyssier. Lady I'irrio. Antoine Kivoire. L...ly naflcrscn. Arthur R. (ioodwin. La Toscn. ^*"^: ^ MadMn... Abel Chatenny. Caroline Testout Madan... Mdnnio Soupert. Counters of Shaftesbury. Mnd.inc Second Wobber. f*'"'-''"''. Madam... n.>v.r^-, EduJleyer Miss Cynthia Forde. O. C. Ward. Mrs. C. E. Allan, General McArthur. Pharisaer. Gustav Orunerwald. Rence Wilmart-Urban. Joseph IIill, Richmond. I idy Ashtown, 88 Gloire de Dijon and Marechal Niel, climbing ro»«, are grown with auccesa along partf of the west coast of British Columbia. Tm Bom. Tea rosea are not hardy at Ottawa, but «everol good varieties are grown with success in both Britiah Columbia and the southern part of Ontario. The following varieties can be recommended: — White Maman Cochot— White tinged lemon. Maman Cochet— Deep flush, suffused light rose. The Bride — White, tinged lemon. Bridesmaid— Bright pink. Souvenir de Pierre Natting— Apricot yellow, shaded orange. Madame Jules Ornvereaux— Flesh, shiided yellow. Alexander Hill Oray— Deep lemon yellow. Lady HilHngdon — Orange yellow, long buds. Mrs. R. B. Cant — Deep rose with inner petals buff at the base. The last three varieties are comparatively new, but are highly recommended. Boaei Free from Leaf Spot. Any rose which is free from Leaf Spot (AcUnonehea rosea), that fungous disease which is so often troublesome to roses in Canada, is bounfl to make an appeal to many people even if it fails to possess some of the other essentials of a " perfect rose." From observations of a preliminary nature with regard to this point made at Ottawa in con- nection with Hybrid Tea roses, the following list gives those which for two years were found to be but slightly affected by this disease:— Antoine Rivoire, T* Progres. ln^oca, Mmc. Harold Brocklebank, Camoens, Mme. I.eon Pain, Colonel Leclerc. Mme. Valero Beaumei, Dean Hole, Margaret Molyneux, Dorothy Page Roberts, Mrs. Stewart Clark, Dr. O'bonel Brown, Rhea Reid, Etoile de France, Regina Badet, Farben Konigen, Souvenir de President Camot, Lady Ursula, Theresa. Note.— While it should br pointed out that althouph it is possible tf» control this disease by spraying, it is not wise to grow varieties which are known to be badly affected, because in some eases the constitution of the plant is seriously weakened as a result of a bad attack. The above list represents about twenty per cent of the roses under observation, and are classed ns " slightly subject to leaf spot." The remainder of the plants were classified as follows: "Subject to leaf spot." nearly seventy per cent; " severely subject to leaf spot," five or six per cent. The rose iegina Badet and some of the plants of the variety Antoine Rivoire were the only instances wTiere plants were entirely free from leaf spot. NOTES ON THE OSIOIN OF FOFTJLAB CLASSES OF BOSES. The following " notes " on the origin and genealogy of three or four of the most important "classes" of roses will be of interest to those who grow the Q\ieen of Flowers, and particularly in view of the fact that the term " Hybrid Perpetual " is so unfortunately misapplied, actually leading in some cases, especially amongst amateurs, to confusion. S3 Were it possible to make the change, and it is to be expected that it will be made before many years, it would be extremely desirable to discontinue the use of " Hybrid Perpetual " as descriptive of the older garden roses, and use it instead to describe the Hybrid Tea roses which are tlie only really perpetual flowering ros^s. No charge can be brought against present-day raisers or groweu that they inten- tionally juggle with terms, and wish to fool the amateur rose grower, ns the growers themselves would be very glad to welcome any change in the matter. The fault lies ^'ler with the older hybridists who did not make allowance for the wonderful im'-,T.i ::t stu Wi:!ch "Time" and "Evolution" would make in a few short years. Comp r.itively spcakmr. the hybrid roses of the early days were "perpetual," but n(.w who' coiurnsted with 'iie " Hybrid Ten Class" they are no longer entitled to be so describe .'.. Popular gi.j.!ci; To'r.- of lo-day are almost all ifound in two great classes, namely, in the '• Hybrid Perpetuals ' and the " Hybrid Tens." Oripin of the Hylirid Perpetuals. — T^p till the year 1819 roses were like all other flowers, they had one short season of bloom and then all was over till the next year's crop came on. In 1810 " Rose du Roi," a Damask Perpetual, wns introduced. It was a poor afTair, but became popular because it produced a second crop of flowers. No other very noteworthy roses were introduced from that dnte till about the fifties, when .Tules I.Inrgottin and General Jacqueminot appeared. These two roses became the parents of a large family, and firmly established a new class of roses culled Hybrid Perpetuals, so called owing to the fact that they produced a smnll second crop of flowers. In Great Britain and Europe at least, where the seasim is longer, this second crop is generally produced, although in parts of Canada many varieties produce only the one crop in June. As has been said, however, the second crop is often " but an echo of the first," while with still newer Hybrid Teas the second crop is often larger than the first. Origin of the " Hybrid Teas." — The characters which distinguish the Hybrid Teas from the Hybrid Perpetuals are: With regard to the plant, an incrensed activity of growth (and this is the reason why they are slightly less hnrdy than the Hybrid Per- petuals) ; with regard to the flowers, extended flowering periods both in the spring and in the autumn, greater depth of petals, larger size of flowers, greater variety of colours, and often gn%ater freedom of flowering. La France (1867), a notable rose, was for some years classed ns a Hybrid Per- petual, and it was not until after the year IST-T when Cheshunt Hybrid was introduced as the first rose of a new race by Messrs. Paul & Son, that it was moved into its present cl.iss. It may be said, therefore, that the new race of Hybrid Tons did not come into existence until the early seventies^ and it was not until tlie advent of Caroline Testout in 1800 that roses in this class began to make rival claims for public favour with the Hybrid Perpetuals. From that year on progress has been rapid and sure, and to-day the number of beautiful and reliable roses in the class is many times grentor than similar roses in nil the other classes combined. Thit progress may be indiontcd as follows: In 1890 the number of Hybrid Teas was onl> six; in 1892 it wns twelve; in 1804, thirty-one; and by 1901 it had reached to sixty-five; while to-day there are several hundreds in the class. It is generally supposed that Hybrid Tea roses and Hybrid Perpctunls come from parentages which in many cases are common to both classes, but that the former liave inherited their free-blooming habit and peculiar fragrance from the China roses. Hybrid Perpetual roses are supposed to hnve originated largely from the hybrids of R. gallica crossed with China Hybrids, as will be seen by the chart, but one author- ity states that " he believes that n much larger proportion of the Hybrid Perpetuals have some of the influence ql the Bourbon race of roses in their constitution than is generally supposed. 34 Origin of the New Race of Atutrian Hybrids. — Persian Yellow, a rose with a ■wonderful golden yellow colour, is one of the parents of the new race of roses which are now deservedly attracting considerable attention. This rose was introduced by the late Sir H. Willcock in the year 1838. As a plant, this rose makes an attractive sight when in bloom. It blossoms, however, but once in early ptimmer, and the flower* are small and not suitable for cutting — good reasons for a limited popularity. For all The Lyon P-we, in vaae, another ro«e of the race of Austrian Hybrids. Mde. Second Weber on the table. these years since its introduction it has just existed, but after sixty-two years of life it justified its ripht to our repard and respect by becominj? tlie parent " par excellence " of a new race. Why so? Well the virtues of " Persian Yellow " are handed on to the offspring, but none of the faults. As Mr. Dickson says : " Did "Si. Pcrnet-Ducher, when he crossed Antoine Dueher and Persian Yellow, with all his skill and experience anticipate anything so beautiful as the Lyons Rose or Rayon d'Or, as possible conse- quences ? " 35 The other parent was a rose now no longer listed named Antoine Ducher. To quote what has been written elsewhere with regard to this cross: — " Soaio fifteen years ago, in a garden not far from the shores of the Medi- terranean, Persian Yellow was presented with a bride, with complexion passinff fair, in the person of Antoine Duclier. What hopes those seedlings raised in the hybridist's heart. With what pleasure he sent out the first offspring of thi» union, Soleil d'Or, in 1900. This, a rose uestined to mi'ke history, was clothed A Boee belonging to the new race of Austrian Hybrids or PetnetianM -Joliet- oolour, old gold, inaide of petals rich red. in brilliant green foliage, whose fragranee of pineapple phormed everyone. The blooms, orange, red, and yellow, are rather flat, and not of a very good shape, but still very charming. In those days, exhibition roses were much sought after, and not being suitable for this purpose, Soleil d'Or did not create a great sensation, but interested the few. It was, however, the first of a new race, upon which the raiser went quietly working; and so the years rolled on. "Six years Inter it was rumoured in England that the finest rose ever known was coming to England. Who will forget the amazement its first appear- C6 anoe caused among the English nurserymen at that April meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society? Again, how it charmed the visitors to the Franco- British Exhibition of 1908. So, too, the Lyons rose, the pride of the race, off* spring of Mme. Melanic Soupert and Soleil d'Or, in the same way ns its ancestor, travelled into gardens through the length and breadth of the land." Our knowledge of the origin and history of some of the roses of fame produced lui't century is somewhat limited, but as our interest in roses becomes extended so our records become more complete and the possibility of producing finer and better plants greater. Genealogical Chart showing the Supposed Origin of the Tlybrid Perpetual and Hybrid Tea Roses. Specip*. Tndica. ... iieiniwrfloreiM . Sub-a|ieciei. Gallica. I Tndick Sftniruinea. I Iiidica udorata. . . f n»iiin"i*na I Cvntifulia ur Pruvonce . MiMooaa. ( XoiaettM (1817.) ; Chinas. . .\W9.) I ^"'"^ ^'•"' ^'^ Tea* . ..(mO-1834.)\ v Manetti. / Bjifirid Prrpttualt. ) JjUlrridTeat, lb9a ( York and Lancaster. °) Cabbago . ■( Four seasons. i I )aniai(k jierpetual. . IMuwRoaes (Several distinct types) from IMO to 18'.IJ. icast<>r.°| itual. . ) Notes OD Ihe Parenta of Borne niodern Roses. (Country of Origin. Ayrshire {f!o$a rtpmt KamUnt^rvtnht). Parent of climbers, as Dundf* Ramblei Austrian Briar {Rota Ivtta). Parent of Pemian Vellow Bourbon (Sona bourboniana). Part parent ot Uvbrid Perpetuals. Chinese or Monthly (AoKt indifa chinaui»\. Part parent of Hybrid Teas DamaHk {Kota drivutarewi). Part jiarent of Hybrid Perpetuals Uallicaor French (TiEuiUj/aUtca) Probably part parent of Hybrid Per petuals Horn (Rota centi/olia mtw-ta). Parent of Moss roses Miniature Provence or l'uui|ion (Ituta eeitli/olia). Parent of Polyantha Pompons Noisette {Roia motehata Jfoiaettiana). Parent of W. Allan Richardson, etc. Polyantha {Kota muUi)U>ra). Parent uf Crimson Kambler and polyantha tyi>es Provence or Cabl>age ( /2o«t ern(t/o/tr that in those di.ys r.pse, wen- jrrowi. V('ry Inrjfely for exliiliition purposes. To-diiy the reciuirenients iire for ii rose whieh "•ill iinswer both purposes if neeessiir>-, but whieh niu>t siieeeed well us u mirden rose. Tho exhibitor uses. l,„t plaeed fbein in this order: (1) Form, (2) Colour. (3) Flowering hiibits. (4) Iragranee, (.I) Constitution. With the frorrd (fnrdeii rose to-dny, eon-'itutlon is i)luoed ^tst, and below are enumerated the points consiilered in estiniutinir sueh a rose: — 1. Conslilul!o„.-T\u- eonstitution ,/. the plant m.st be vigorous in order to pro,luee a large number of flowers of r.mhI (pndity. The plant should be free from in.seet pests and fungous diseases for the same reason. 2. Fhu-crinft //n?>/7.— The plant should be a perpetual bloomer, that is produeing a en.p if flowers i„ the spriiifr and a>:other in tl.e fall, and interniittiui'ly d;;rinn iho liiiniiner. Sueh flowers should be preferably pf..diieed sinsily on good stout stems. •".. Co/oK/-.— The colour is largely a matter of per.son:i| t;i.te. but the c-olour of an ideal rose sboubl be one whi.'h will last for some (biys witlaut fading, and shouhl be rieh and attractive, rather than dull. 4. F;o.'/(n»if,'.— Fragrance in n garden ro.se is half the charm, and although from the e.\liibilor"s point •>( view it is of secondary iniportiincc, it greatly enlmnce, the value of the rose from the stand|)oint of the ordimiry grower. 5. Fo/m.— From the exhibitor's stamlpoint, the flowers must bo first of oil of ideal form, but from the standpoint of the ordinary grower form is not so important, .some of the best ro.se.s ni>t being quite so good in this respect as coi ' ' be desired. Generally speaking, the flower of perfect form is one long and tapering .vith petals sufficiently independent of each other to give elu'racter and charm to the fluwer. TIio petuls should also be of good substance so that the /orm is retained for several days. HAEDY ROSES TESTED AT OTTAWA. There has been a rose garden at the Central Experimental Farm since 1891, atul 'tti'ii 4 Ut-neral Jac(|ueir.inot.. . B Pierra Nottinu 6 PrincpCamill'xIii Ruhan *7 Si>iiv<"nir do Uucliew 8 Tlmiiios MUU B. Pink And Hhadei of Pink— *'.) Uarniiiiu Prevoiit *10 CoiiitKUO CeciJn de Chabril lani. 11 ComteMe d'Oxford 12 C«roli>ie d« Hanxal •18 Catherine Soupert •14 Louise Odier IS h% Reine . . . . , •16 Madame Onmet. •17 Madame Jnly 18 Matm* CharU. . 19 Madame (rubriel Luizet. . . ao Uakmont 21 Victor Verdier 1901 MlBCRI.LANEOl'S RoHLS. Hybrid China— 22 Madame Plantier (white) . Moss Rospg — 23 Blanche Moreau . 24 Perpetual White Muas. 25 Centifolia 18fl7 ISlHi 18!t4 189B 1894 1894 18114 189!) 189n 1901 1896 1894 18!)7 181M 1894 1894 1897 26 Glorv of Motisefi 27 Other Maoied Mowi Romw. Rugosa Rosea— 28 White and Red RuKosa. . . Hybrid Pamiuik Riwf- - 29 Madiune Hardy (white). . Ruftosa Hylirids— SO Madame Geo. Bruant.. . . 31 Madame Chos. Worth. . . 32 Agnes Kmily Carman , 83 Mary Arnott CokMir. Remarks. IH'.K) ; Between Ut I and 2nd 1806 Second... 1894 First. .. 1897 Itetween 1st I and 2nd. Between Int and 2nd Seccmd.. . . Red fading t> mauve, Rla<'k ish-criniiwm. Crimson-siarlft. . . First. .. Second.. First. . .Second . . Lk>tween 1st and 2nd. First. 1894 First. 1896 'Second 1894 j Between 1st I and 2nd 1896 First. . . 1894 Second.. . Purple^crimwiii .. \kx Bush of vigorous habit. Kx lluah moderately vigorous t)flep-crimsH>nier. Burili, vigorouH ; long sen* sun ; Howers lA good form. Free liloomer. Txtng wBHon (iood bloomer. Vigorous; free bloomer; one of the best white roses. Free bloomer; very vigor- oroua. Freu bloomer ; vigorous . Free bloomer. Ail vigorous. Both ningle and double form. Vigorous. Vigorous. Vigorous. Very free bloomer. Sfiecially free bloomer ; flowers in fine clusters. The asterisk indicates that these roses are now no longer obtainablu at most nurseries. In many cases their places have been taken by roses of better colour ot better form. The Hybrid Tea roses, which in most cases m-e of superior colour, form, and length of blooming season, are also /ast taking the place of many of these older Hybrid Perpetual roses.. ■^~T«*^WP" w Rrowing nt the tarm for pcri.Mjs vnryuw from five to tea yearn, and have un to the present «how„ snt.«factory indieutio.u of hardine.. and vigour which are th^ two IKHMt. of nient u. wh.ch tho«. in the fln-t li«t .howed the greatest «ul,orioriV Hybrid rvrpetnia Boms (8) . lied and shades of Red— 34. Anna die Dieshnoh, carmine. 33. Duko of ConiiauRht, velvety crimson. 30. Empress of Indiii, light eriuiaon. 37. Iloraen Veriiet, velvety red. •38. King of Swwlen, durk crimson. 39. Lady Helen Stewnrt, durk crimson. 40. Madame Victor Verdicr, cherry red. 41. Mnrie Hady, brilliant red. 42. Reynolds Hole, rich mnroon. 43. Ulrich Brunner, cherry crimson. Pink and Shades of Pinh— •44. Clara Cochet, deep pink to red. 4.5. Duchess do .Morny, brinlit rose. 46. John Hopper, rost) pink. 47. Merveille de Ly.m, lifelit pink, white centre. 48. Mrs. John Laiiig, clear pink. 49. Mrs. R. (}. Shiirinnn-Crnwford, rose pink. 50. Paul Neyron, deep rose. Miscellaneoni Boses. .■51. Sir Thomns Lipfon, white RuRosn hybrid. .'52. Now Century, pink Rugosa hybrid, .53. Uiiiver-ial Fuvourite, rose climber (Wichuriana hybrid). .>4. Lady Ciay, pink climber. .'>.5. Crimson Rambler, crimson climber. r>6. Dorothy Perkins, bright pink climber. 57. Persian Yellow, yellow rose. 58. Harrison's Yellcw, deep yellow.