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Photographic

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1 2 3

Manitoba and the

^^^«

OPINIONS OF Tl

( Toronto Globe Nov. 4<A.) i t^^,
DOMINION PtIBLIC W0EK8.;
The energy infused by Mr. Muckenzie into
the operations of the Department ho presidca
oyer U likely, ere long, to bear fr"'V" "•«
commencement of thoBe sections of the Cana-
dian Pacific Riiilway for the construction of
which he has taken powers from Parlmmcnt.
The Krading of the Pembina branch is pro-
ceeding rapidly, and we b.licve t.-nders wil
be at once issued for the st ction of the Paciho
Road runiMng fiom the f.outli-.-ast of Lalie
Nipissing to the Georgian Bay, somewhere
in the neighbourhood of the French River.

' The road from Fort WiUiHm to Fo.t Garry
will also at no dista-^t day be placed under
constniclion. As a means of solving the
aimcuity oi carrying a railway across the
continent, and as a matter of friendly int^^^r-
national rivalry, the comracuc.ment of tins
important section will be anxiously ookcU
for The Government, we understand, have
contracted for a Uugo (nmntity of steel rails
—30,000 loii.s— for llie works alr.ady men-
tioned, and possibly for some porlion of the
line travivsing British Colnmlna.

(CWuwo CitUcn Oct. 2li(/i., I874.)
MANITOBA.

TbAVELLIB'b SkKTOH 0» WlNNIPKQ
TWHNTY MiLBB DoWN TUB KlVlB.

oxchang* these for flour. Indeed, it is said
they would live on flour, so that the trade in
that direction is greatly on the increase, and
will, ere long, assume greater proportions,
aa these people are becoming annually
more and more dependent upon flour for
their subsistence, which they gladly "-"ce've
in exchange for furs and pemmican, and the
Qu'Appello Treaty, lately so auspiciously
effected, will so change the whole charac-
ter of that most magnif'i cut countrj- that in
a few years ihe through trade will be some-
thing enormous ; a prospective fact that
should influence our Dominion Parliament
j to build the Camida I'a. iflc with as little
delay as possible ; as iindonbtedly strenuous
cmleavors will-are even now being mode,
j to direct the prospective trade of tins newly
acquired territory through an Ain-rican
channel, a misfortune gr.'ater than whicn
I could scarcely befall the Province of Mani-
I toba. 'Canada's policy should be to antici-
pate this rapidly growing' tiadi', ami provide
a channel for it through her own t rritoiy.
All eastern centios of trade nieiiit.nsted in
this. The future of Montreal ami T.nonto
ismoro intimately connected wilhtli ■ sp eily
construction of the Canada I'veific than most
persons seem to think.

Buildings are going up with iiiiilated
vigour, and business generally seems brisk,
and the city appears quite lively.

INU

{Special Correspondence of the Cititen.)
8iR,_Having made a trip to Manitoba
during this summer and resided in the capital
of that province for a few months, I venture
to write for your paper some observations on
that country, under the impression that they
may have an interest for your readers.

The City of Winnipeg, lately a wilderness,
has now about 5,000 inhabitants, all appa-
rently industrious and thriving, the natural ,
result of active and industrious habits.
During my slay of about four months
seventy-five houses were erected, home Halt
dozen of these are Urge brick buildings. A ;
Mr Higgins lias liuilt a line store ol brick i
four stories high, and Mr. ISuni.atyne one of |
similar dimensions on the main street. 1 he
Government has also ereded the custom ^
house and land .^liiees, and the Hudson Bay i
Companv also lias its office, all ol white brick, j
handsome buildings and ornaments to the ,

town. . , , , -,1 .

Many of the streets have wide plank him-
walks, and although liitnber may be said to
be comparatively .ienrceand dear, these sutc-
walks would not loose anything compare<l
with those of Ottawa, and evince a more active
and enterprising spirit on the part of the
Corporation than is displayed by the city
Fathers of your metropolis.

The Burrow's estate has been added to the
eity and surveyed into town lots, and they
are selling rapidly. The 1"'','1';J*> 'f,.)," !"
ffood position, commRiiding a. vsi w ot tlie ciu ,
it is well drained, and good drinking wak-r
is procurable at little depth. On this pro-
perty path walks are laid, and on the princi-
Ml streets they are plaiik.'.l. Parks are a so
laid out, and it bids fair ti, become a popular
place of residence for the best classes.

Westerly of the city the barracks are situ-
ated, composed of neatly erected bui Idings of
wood, and calculated to afford quarters to
about 400 men, they are kept in the nicest
order and reflected credit on the olhcer then
in command. Captain Fletch.r, the other

{Montreal Herald Aw. 4(A, 1874.)
Th» Pboobess o» WmmPBo.— From a Win-
nipeg correspondent we have some interest-
ing facts respecting the Province of ManitoU.
We jot these down for the information of our
readers. He states that the wheat crop in
the Province will average about 20 bushels
to the acre, and the grass-hoppers owing to
the waim and late season, are all hatching
out, and will consequently bo destroyed by
the frosts of wintei . The registered emigra-
tion of this season numbered over 3,000 per-
sons, besides the hundreds who never report.
Large tracts of land have been selected liy
agents for Scotch, Irish German and Ontario
eolonization societies. The prospect of rail-
road communication is improved by the gra-
ding ol tlie I'eml.ina Branch, ami the survey
(d' tlie portages of the Uawsou Route, both ol
whic h will he commenced early next season.
Trade in Winnipeg has been exceptionally
■ mxKl during the past year. Tlie Mennomtes ,
alone, of whom 1,200 are settled near the i
city having spent over $5 1,000 in the city ot |
Wiiinepeg, for their oullits of lumber, furni-
ture, provisions, cattle and agricultural im-
plement*. A hotel has been built for them
in the city, and they arc enthusiastic over the
prospects of their adopted country. Many ol
them have been at work on the Pe-.nbma
Branch R. R. One house sold to them in one
week, 20 lumber waggons f.ml 30 stoves, with
other articles innumerable, other houses
doine nearly as well. Building hrw becnac
lively puslied forward during Ihe summer,
some seven brick stores and offices having
been erected in Winnipeg, and the population
is now alHDut 4,800, or in round numbers
I 000 with on assessment roll of 2,1)00,000
dollars. A large trade Is growing up with
the plains at the various lialf-breed settle-
ments on the Saskatchewan, whose growth
! will be very much incirased by the opening
I of the navigation to the foot of the Rocky
I Mountains; the first steamer having passi^f
I „p this KUinmer easily. Other settlements
I. iitled simie three bundled miles

business in on old log shanty, worth in valuo
the estimate cost of the logs of which it was
completed ; there was then no society, no
fashions ; only one hotel ; religious dispuUM
were unknown, and politics had not been
introduced. But witness the change now I
Here is a city regularly incorporated, com-
prising an area of three square miles, with
a population of 3,00ii permanent residents ,
with no fewer than 900 buildings, of which
upwards of 400 f.re dwelling-houses, 17 are
hotels, 7 are saloons, 23 are Imarding-houses,
and 421 are miscellaneous buildings, and
they maybe classified, as follows— There
are 10 grocery stores, 4 dry goods stores, 4
hardware stores, 2 watchmaker's shops, B
book stores, 2 gunsmith's shops, 2 banks, 4
livery stables, 19 general stores, 3 drug stores,
6 paint shops, 9 blacksmith's shops, 2 bar-
ber's shops, 4 harness makers shops, 1 mar-
ble works 4 cjirriage maker's shops, 4
printing offices, furniture stores, 4 auction-
eers, 2 tobacco stores, 3 lioot and shoe stores,
3 photograph rooms, 2 fur stores, 6 bakeries
and confectioner's shops, 1 telegraph office,
2 milliner's shops, 2 flour and feed stores, 3
butcher's shops, 2 real estate agents, 7 law-
yers, 8 doctors, I county court, 1 police court,
1 soda manufactory, 3 saw mills, 1 planing
mill, 2 "brick-yards, several wind-mills, 2
tailor's shops,' exclusive; 1 post-office, d
churches, 6 schools, and a few more estab-
lishments which it is needless to name.

The number of new buildings erected last
year will reach 200, and a civic estimate pre-
pared by the asgessorB gives the following
valuation: —

North Ward $ 317,423

East Ward 606,090

Southward 1,264,755

Westward 487,500

In 1874

Av rage price.

$3,000 per lot.

300 "

200 "

50 "

300 "

Total $2,675,7u8

This estimate was made for civic piiritoses,
and it is considered underniath a correct es-
timate. Then with regard to the prices of
lots the following from a pamphlet which I
am preparing will be of inU'rest to your
readers :

In 1871
Average price.
H. B. Co., estate. Main st.,)

$1,000 per lot

VicDermot's estate, $75 "
Mones' estate, $50 "

Magnus Brown " $10 "
fichultz estate, $50 "

At first real estate appears high to the
resident of an eastern city, still it is low
I when the prospects of the city are taken in-
to consideration. There are already threi!
railroads projected from it, two lines of nav-
igation to the Rocky Mountains already
existing, making their junction here, and
with u trade and commerce which ronk it
already the sixth city in the Dominion.
A- yet, speculation has not been commenced
on an extensive scale, though one operator,
Mr. Burrows, has sold over 400 city lots dur-
ing the past year. This gentleman has done
very much towards making the city known
by his liberal advertising, and he has display-
ed unusu il enti^rprise in attracting invest-
ments. Having a large tract of some 200
acres (the Magnus Brown property), he not
only laid it out and planned it with a fine
pari; in the centre, but dug a drain of two
miles in bngtli, and laid down a sidewalk
for nearly a mile, and finished ip by giving
away 50 lots free to attract reiiidents, which
wise and liberal course has repaid him a
liuiK^red lold, and a number of residences now
I, it the iinilrii', «liere a year ngip the long

total amount of duUes collected thereon
was $87.47 1 .97. Some of the items are very
suggestive. From the United States we im
ported 27,079 gallons of coal oil, valued at
$5 417. From Canada the "Eastern Pro-
vinces," only 750 gallons We imported large-
ly in the articles of comnon soap, say 131,252
lbs. value $7,51 5—fhisfiom Ontario and Que.
bee. From our cousins in the United States wi
imported 100,006i lbs., valued at $15,751
cheese, 17,070 lbs., valued at $2,035; larc
and t4dlow from the same, 306,091 lbs.
valued at $3,715 ; malt 'rom the same, 2,34!
bushels, valued at $2,773; meats from thi
same, 778,184^ lbs., 'alued at $62,872
tobacco manufactured, a id snuff, chiefly fron
UniU'd States, at 12^ pic. and 20c. per lb.
162 823 lbs., valued at JJ43,774 ; sugar fron
different places 911 r'fl lbs., valued a
$711.81 ; sugar candy & confectionery, 51,87
lbs., valued at $10,632 ; raola.sses was a prei:;
large item, 11.133 gallons, valued at $6,656
carriacos eliieflv fmrn the United Htatei
valued at $14,085 ; weuring apparel, clotl
1,303 packages, valued ;il $178,733; cotUm
were pretty large, 1,280 packages, valued ii
$112,149; drie«l m.-ats, 1,337 packagei
valued at $14,020, fancy goods 195 packagei
valued at $I9,63P ; gunpowder was unnsua
ly large, and amounti^d to 84,985 lbs., value
at $16,653 ; hardware was 9,054 package
valued at $84,967 ; lumber was 3,240,48
feet valued a! $53,979; linen was la
packages, valued at $12,240 ; boots ar
shoes, from different places, 186 packajfc
valued at «14,855; maaufactures of woo
10,038, valued at $23,814; silks, satin ar
velvets, 85 packages, amounting to $31,45f
woollens, 2,60« packages amounting to $29 1
441 ; horses, 122, valued at $11,328; hornc
cattle, 2,497 head, valued at $64,090 ; ti
(black), 179,571 lbs, valued at $106,281
green coffee, 7,219 lbs, valued at $l,63(
roasted or ground. 1,525 lbs, at $324 ; fishir
hooks, line?, etc, 406 packages, valued
$12,149 ; eggs, 9,610 do;'.., valued at $1,33
flour of whea. and rye, 2,U 3,095 lbs, valued
$62,705 ; meat of all kinds, 83,056 V
valued at $2,874 ; grain, other than whc
and corn, 1,531,265 bus lels, valued at $2
064; Indian Corn, 16,749 lbs., valued
$619; salt, 132,587 lbs, valued at $1,76
saw-logs, 253,f33 feet, valued at $l,Hi
These are among the chief articles imiiorl
during last yenr, and wliich I find record
in the (.'usto'm IIouiu. Of coursea very lai
amount of goods importi^d into other parts
the North-West are not mentioned at (
Winnipeg office. One firm in the city. Mess
Kew, Stohard & Co., wholesale dealers, si
upwards of $ 1 50,000 worth of goods last yt

COMPABATIVB irATBHINT.

The following comparative statement
the business at the Custom-House for
month of July, 'T3 and '74, is made from
cjffieial record : —

1874 187

Total Import* $in2,«88.00 $56,80f

For Home Consump-
tion 166,272.00 57,36t

|fre»Good« ,.,,., 46.276.00 18,75'

Duty 5,502 34 6 091

Among the exports for the month the pi
cipal item is dressed ond undressed fiirf
the value of $85,665.

The returns during tbe month of Aug
1874, are as folh.ws:—

llIl'OBTS.

Dutiable Goods for consumption . .$47
Free Goods 22

Total Imports $09

Amc.unt ,,f duty. ol)i>-ted,$l 1.402. 02.

- 't' \ nnn in ihi

'<lii.^f •£! M\ iioii wnvHi (if iroods Iftst vt'

•I'ti^^M^ysu^

the North-West

^^^*

OF THE PRESS.

1 amount of dutie'* collected thereon
$67,471.97. Some of the items are wry
restive. From the Uuited States wc im
'ed 27,079 gallons of coal oil, valued at
H7. From Canadii the "Eastern Tro-
x'S," only 750 gallons We imported largi'-
n the articles of comnon soap, say 131,2.'i2
value $7,515 — thisfiom Ontario and Que-
, From our cousins in the United SUitoK wo
MJrted 100,006i lbs., valued at $15,751 ;
ese, 17,070 lbs., valued at $2,035; lard
I tallow from the tome, 306,091 lbs.,
ued at $3,715 ; malt 'rom the same, 2,349
hslB, valued at $2,773; meat.? from tlie
le, 778,184i lbs,, 'alucd at $62,872;
acco manufactured, aid snuff, chietiy from
iU'd States, at 12^ pic. and 20c. per lb.,
1 823 lbs., valued at JJ43,774 ; sugar from
fcrent places 911 •'^'■fl lbs., valued at
11.81 ; sugar candy & confectionery, 51,877
., valued at $10,632 ; raola.ssos was a prei:y
ge item, 1 1 . 133 galloiw, valued at $(),656 ;
riacos ehieflv fmrn tlie Uuited States,
lued at $14,085 ; Wiiirlng iippare!, cloth,
03 packages, valued ;it $178,733; cottons
re pretty large, 1,280 packages, valued iit
12,149; drie«l m.-ats, 1,337 packages,
lued at $14,020, fancy goods 195 packages,
lued at $19,63? ; gunpowder was unusual-
large, and amounti^d to 84,985 lbs., valued
$16,653; hardware was 9,054 packagus,
lued at $84,967 ; lumber was 3,240,492
it valued a! $53,978; linen was 136
ckages, valued at $12,240 ; boots and
oes, from different places, 186 packaijes,
>lued at S14,855; maaufactures of wood,
1,038, valued at $23,814; silks, satin and
ilvets, 85 packages, amounting to $21,458 ;
xillens, 2,60« packages amounting to $291,-

I ; horses, 122, valued at $11,328; horned
ttle, 2,497 head, valued at $64,090 ; tea
Sack), 179,571 lbs, valued at $106,288;
een coffee, 7,219 lbs, valued at $1,630;
asted or ground. 1,525 lbs, at $324 ; fishing
Hiks, lines, etc, 406 packages, valued at
12,149 ; eggs, 9,610 doii., valued at $1,339 ;
lur of whea. and rye, 2,H 3,095 lbs, valued at
52,705 ; meat of all kinds, 83,656 lbs,
iilued at $2,874 ; grain, other than wheat
rid corn, 1,53:,265 bus lels, valued at $24,-
04; Indian Corn, 10,749 lbs., valued at
619; salt, 132,587 lbs, valued at $1,704;
iw-logs, 253,f33 feet, valued at $1,H87.
'hese are among the chief articles imiiorteii
uring last yenr, and wliich I find recorded

II the(;ust<>'m !Iou«e. Of course a very large
mount of goods importi^d into other parts of
he North-West are not mentioned at the
Vinnipeg office. One firm in the lity, Messrs,
Cew, Stoliard & Co., wholesale dealers, sold
ipwards of $150,000 worth of goods last year.

OOMPABATITS iPATKHiNT.

The following comparative statement of
lie business at the tlustom-^ilouse for the
nonth of July, '73 and '74, is made from the
jthcial record : —

1874 1873

rotal Importe $102,888.00 $56,805.00

Kor Home Consump-
tion 166,272.00 57,369.00

[fr,.«Qoo(i« ....,,,, 46.276.00 18,764.00

Duty 5,502 34 6 091.28

Anioiig the exports for the month the prin-
cipal item is dressed and undressed furs, to
the value of $85,665.

The returns during the month of August,
1874, are as folh.ws:—

iiii'onTS.
Dutiable Goods for consumption. .$47,333
Free (Jooils 22,374

Total Imports $09,709

AtiK.uiK ,ifi1nty..il!.-ted,$l 1.462. 92

field is a profitable one for other branches,
iuch as the manufacture of waggons, agricul-
tural implements, flour, stoves, ic, *c.

The podulation of Winnepeg hah again
nearly doubled, and now is about 5000 peo-
ple.

During the past year the city has been in-
corporated and civic improvements entered
upon by the laying of sidewalks and purchase
of a steam fire-engine. Lest the ambition to
lay out large sums may possess city aldermen,
the ohartttr limits the power of taxation to
one cent on the dollar.

Notwithstanding the rapid growth and de-
velopment of the city and its trade there ha»
not been much speculation in real e«tatc,the
investments made go far being mostly by
citizens and visitors. Lots on main street
average $2,000, in the centre of the city in
choice localities for trade ; one on the side
streets, near the post-office, they bring an
ftver.^e of $500 and the outlyiug lots with-
in the citv vary from $25 to$l50 Large plotji,
within th^ city sub'irbs sell at good prices
say from $100 to $300 peracre A few weeks
ago, the Mulligan estate of 105 acres was sold
to Mr. Burrows at the latter figure.

Of coune the growth of the city from 300
inhabitants to 5,000 withiri four years, has
favored tlie development of property, and
some fortunate purchasers have become rich
by merely investing their savings in cheap
lots Many lots bought three year, ago for
$50, are now worth $500, and many localities
now in the background and to be sold for a
song, will be rapidly advanced by the laying
of a street railway or other changes. At pre-
sent, suburban lots are the best irvestmont.
The city ail'ords a striking contrast to Mon.
trcal in having som' wide streets, that may
ba fairly called ave.iues, two chains wide,
which may afford ample room for tramways
without impeding the ordinary traffic.

In estinmtiug the past progress of Winni-
peg, the work would be incomplete without
reverting to the probabilities of that ratio of
increase bi ing sustained in the future. The
first great want is railroad communication
with tli.i l.astern world, not only through
the Lnite.l States, but, also through our own
territory. Oni^ line we ore certain of ne.\t
year; t'liat to the American boundary line at
l'eiiil>iuii, it being already giadeil, and the
other to 'I'liiinder Hay will wc partly placed
under contract before spring. Then as to
iiuliealions of an increased emigr.itioii next
sntiiiuer, we have the marvelou.s crops raised
under ndx erse circumstances and the great
satisfaction expressed hy the new arrivals at
their prospects in their new homes, notably
the Menn.inites, of whom 1,200 arc now
settled ; tliey are highly pleased, and have
written glowing accounts to their compatriots
in Kussia and the Uuit«d States. Agents
have this summer selected 12 Townshijisfor
Scotch, four Townships for Irish and more
for Ontario p(>.,,lc under the very liberal col-
conization clauses of the Dominion Land Act,
so that population is likely to be increased
much more the coming season than in the

Oood coal has been discovered about 400
miles westof Winnipeg.

Any one travelling from Thunder Hay or
St Paul to Winnipeg will r«adily perceive
the advantages wliich the latter place posses-
ses over every other in the North-West to
wards becoming the great inland entrepot of
the short route across the continent. These
advantages are manifold. Seated at the. junc-
tion of the Kedand Assinabeine Uiveis, both
navigable for hundre<ls of miles, itcommands
through Lakes Winnipeg and Manitolia the
navigation "f the North and Sontli Saskntch-
thi. Rcukv Mountains; it is the

From these figures we draw the ratio of com-
parison, which I believe will astound you.
Hod the United Stites increased in the same
ratio as the Dominion did from 1800 to 1871,
it would have been 50,000,000 in 1870. Had
it increased in the same ratto as Ontario it
would have been 170,000,000. If the Pro-
vinces composing the Dominion (in 1871)
increase in the same ratio as they have done
since 1800 we shall number over 16,000,000
of people in 1900. Since 1840 the Province
of Quebec and New York are equal ; but
Quebec has increased over Vermont sixty-
seven per cent., over Maine fifty-five per
cent., over New Hampshire sixty-eight per
cent ; but Massachusetts gains upon it 17.5
per cent., ard Pennsylvania twenty-four per
cent. The Province of Ontario has increased
in a ratio of 105 per c»nt. over Indiana, 176
per cent, over Ohio, ITO per cent, over New
York, 153 per cent over Massachusetts,
lllin"' . 'as increased, over Ontario 182 per
cent.

The Province of Quebec and Ontario have
increased 50 66 per cent, more than Ohio
and Indiana, 72 per cent, more than New
York, Pennsylvania and Virginia, and 93 per
cent more than New Kngland. The States
of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio have only in-
crc^ased 7 per cent, more in population than
Quebec and Ontario. The tonnage owned
by the Provinces make us the third mari-
time power in the world. Cur banking
capital amounts to $60,000,000, gold. In
addition to all this, our territory in «« Urge
as yous own, and our Ncrth West is destined
to be the granary of this continent. Cities
will spring up on Red River, the Sascatche-
wan, and the great lakes of this region, which
will vie in wealth, traile and magnif cence
with those of "the lakes." Winnipeg may
equal Chicago in fifty years.

(From J. M. Vernon'i " Cheap TrarupoHatioH"
Montreal Gazette.)

By adopting this policy, the Government
saves about $12,000,000 oi utelesi expenditure
to appropriate to the imymvemenl of th
" Ottawa and French Riisr Navigation;^ leav
ing, according to Mr, Shanley's report, only
$2,000,000 mori^ to be provided, to complete
this mo.i( im/K)i/<7H( water-way. This work is
a commercial as well a,s a political necessity.
With till! inijirovements of the water diaiinels
between Thunder Bay and Lake Winnipeg,
wc shall have nil unbroken line of navigation
from the Uocky Mount<unR to the tide-wuter
through our own territory, and tlie products
of the Saskatchewan Territory, be delivered
ill tlie ocean ship at Montreal, cheaper than
products from westof the Mississippi.

The navigation of the Ottawaand French
River is the Key to the entire trade of the
Western States. It reduces the distance
between Chicago an<l tide-waU'r, at Montreal,
270 miles, or over 21 per cent., and makes
the " Ottjiwa Route," from Chicago to Mon-
treol, one-third less in distance than to New
York via Buffalo and Erie Canal ; besides a
ffain in time of at least 12 days.
" The construction of t!ie Pacific Railway,
and the construction and improvement of the
great chain of water ways, from Montreal t'l'ii
the Ottawa ValU-y to the great Lakes, and
from there to Luke Winnipeg, and from
thence U) the Rocky Mountains, have become
not only aoomracrcial,buta i.adon-ji necemty.
J. M. VERNON.
Montreal, April 28, 1874.

proved by the fact that the course of the
rivers Is noithward. Thus the writer con-
dudes that our surface soil was laid down bf
floods as in the fertile land of Egypt.

THI PIMITINTUBT.

Building operations on the new Penitentiary
have ceased for the season. About S6 meM
will be kept employed during the winter
quarrying and dressing atone. Over 3,00#
yards of rock hure been excavated ; eleven
feet of masonry have been built, and 400,009
bricks burnt. The progress made this seMon
is considered satisfactory.

TBI PSHBIKA BRAVOH.

Mr. Whitehead, the contractor, is progress-
ing as rapidly with the grading on this line ai
the difficalty in getting men and teams will
permit. He intends continuing the work aa
long as the weather will allow tliis f^ll, and
resume it as early as possible in the spribg.
It is to bo regretted that he cannot get all
tlie laliorers and teams he requires. If he
could have had all he wtw prepared to employ
from the first, there would have been littla
left to do in the spring.

to I he R.

MaKITOBA OoBnHKPKNBEKCS.

EXTRACTS FROM WINNIPEG VRBB
PRESS.

nth and Uth Oct., 187*.

The warehouse at the steamboat landing
is full to overflowing.

Large quantities of lumber are acenan-
lating upon the levee.

Don't be afraid of the fsver, or you will fce
almost sure to get it.

The steamers now-a-days bring in smack-
ing big loads of freight.

How short a time the " farthest out houa*
on the prairie " retains its rank. The one of
to-day may be third or fourth to-morrow.

Tdb Railway.— Th e steamers continne t»
bring in scrapers, plows, shovels and other
railroading parapheruali.N for the Pcnsbina
Branch contractor, Mr. WMtchead.

Conductor Sargent hauled out U cars Of

] Manitoba freight on his trip last monday,

! and nineteen cars yesterday. There still

remain fourteen car loads in the yard here.

— Glyndon Gazette.

The auction sale of lots upon the H. B-
Co's reserve was running an Thursday, Mr,
Hayar<l being auctioneer. Altornat« lota are
only sold and these brought from $180 t»
$750. In all fifty loU were sold, the aTecage
price was $460.

It i s a sufficient indication of Winnipeg's
importance to observe "cities" alon^ tha
Northern Pacific Railroad, and elsewhere,
clamoring and fighting to have freight paaa
through the places indicated.

The St. Vincent train Tuesday night
brought in a valuable lot of H. B. Co.'s ftira.
The train back yesterday morning took ele.
ven car loads of Manitoba freight, including
a finely finished Silsby steam fire engine and
j two hose carta for Winnepeg. — Olf/ndtn
I GazetU, Ist October.

Ijakor Pota"-ok8. — In the Lleutenant-
I Oov.riior's Garden, inside the Fort, were

,,f «i Ml (inii wnilh of ciMids Inst vear. I the Me

ites, of whom 1,200 an

""*^' I of thi' Saskatchewan Teiritorv. be delivered

L ..111 I. Ii.*..1..il' l>llll' IlK Ullil

r limy In

id to
bo rouiiiftriilivolv Kdiici'mid drnr, (licBi^ siclc-
wall.« would not IcoHO iiiijtliiiiK comiiari'd
with those ol Ott«\Mi, and OTiiicc 11 more iictivo

and enterprising spirit "n thi- pnrt of tlio
Ooriwratiou tlinn is displnyed \<J the city
K»tbers of your metropolis.

The Burrow's estate lias been added to the
oity, i»nd surveyed into town lots, and tliey
are gelling rapidly. TIk! property Is in a
good position, commnndiug a view of the city;
it is well drained, and good drinking wakT
is procurable at little ih plli. On this pro-
porty path walks are laid, and mi the princi-
pal streets they are planked. Parks are also
laid out, and it bids fair to become a popular
place of residence for the best classcH.

Westerly of the city the barracks are sil"-
atcd, composed of neatly erected buildings of
wood, and calculated U) afford quarters to
al)Out 400 men, they are kept in the nicest
order and reflected credit on the officer t.ien
in command. Captain Fletcher, the other
officers at the time of my visit were away
with the Lieutenant Qorernor on a treaty-
making exnedition with the Indians.

Captain Kletcher has private quarters in
hiH own house, a new brick building near the
barracks, furnished in very good last*., and 's
highly spoken of as a hospitable gentUman-
Hko man. He wan formerly an ofHccr in the
80th Rifles, and is popular with military and
efrilians. ,

Leaving Winnipeg and going down the
rivor on the right bank, the next place met
of importance, distant about eight miles, ia
•ailed Kildogan, a Scotch settlement made
Ijy Lord Selkirk in past days. T»io farms
are good, and productive, and the inhabitanU
Bocm happy and prosperous, notwithstanding
the visitation of grasshoppers this year, the
people informed me that their wheat aver-
aged twenty-seven bushels per Here. The
•oil is a rich alluvial deposit.and produces all
the cereals and most extraordinary root crops.

i have now, sir, given you a bird's-eye view
•f the noticeable places from Winnipeg for
twontv miles down the river for the benefit
of future travellers. In my next I will en-
deavor to afford information i^t to commercial
and agricultural afTairs r.t Winnipeg and the
eonntrr of Manitoba pep.erally.

" A TRAVELLER.

(^Montreal WitMU, Sept. J I.)

FROM FORT GARRY,

(Special to the Witneit.)

rinsT «0D or piubin^ branch.

Fort Gabby, Man., Sept. 1 9. — The first sod
of the Pembina branch was turned this morn-
ing at 11 o'clock at a point ten miles from
this city, near the corner of townships 8 and
9, ranges 3 and 4, to which the road has so far
LrtH:u lucttteu. ii. IS nut jrei. uectueu waere
the road will enter the city,butit is believed
Point Douglas will be the itlection.

city, having spent over $C i,0(iO in tluii ily ><\
Wiilnepeg, for their oullils of lumber, furni-
ture, provisions, <attle and agricuitiual im-
plement«. A hotel has been built for them
in the city, and they are enthusiastic over the
prospects of their adopU^d country. Many of
them have been at work on the Piu-biua
Dranch R. R. One house sold to them in one
week, 20 lumber waggons and 30 stoves, with
other articles innumerable, other houses
doing nearly as well. Huilding has been ac-
tively pushed forward during the summer,
some seven brick stores and oiHces having
been erected in Winnipi-g, and the population
is now alKuit 4,800, or in round numbers
5,000, with an assessment roll of 2,«0U,000
dollars. A large trade ia growing up with
the plains at the various half-breed settle-
ments on th.> ■^^ atthewan, whose growth
•ill be very mui li increased by the opening
oi the navigation to the foot of the Ro<ky
Mountains ; the first steamer having passed
up this summer easily. Other settlements
have extended some three hundred miles
westward of Winnipeg, as fir as the Little,
Saskatchewan, where the Ralston colony is
established. A local charter has beep, ob-
tJiined for the Manitoba Southern R. R, to
start from Winnipeg, Ui the newly discovered
coal field of the Souris Uiver. This isin the
hands of D. A. Smith, Hon. John Ross, and
some of our Montreal capatalists, and the
charter binds them to commence building
the road in two, and to complete it within
live years. It is fuir to suppose that these
gentlemen know what they arc about, and
that the road possesses commercial and finan-
cial merits. Some discussion was excited by
the dispute regarding the location of the ter- •
minus of the Pembina railway, which has
been finally settled in favour of Point
Douglas, and in consequence, property in that
vicinity, known as Magnus Brown Estate has
advanced in value rapidly. The principal
streets of the city are two chains wide, and
will furnish fine room for city tramways
whenever these shall be wanted, which the
inhabitants hope will be speedily. Winnipeg
itself naintaina one hundred and twenty es-
tablishments for manufacture and trade. It
has six churches, six schools, seventeen ho-
tels, and twenty-three boarding houses, all
doing well. No business is overdone, appa-
rently not even the churches. The tendency
of all the information of this gentleman 13 to
impress us with the fact, that there is build-
ing up in our North West, a city tliat may in
tlie near future become seeond only to
Montreal of the cities of the Dominion. It
already ranks sixth in business and impor-
tance.

(Montreal W'itneie, Sept. iind 1871,)

OOnBESPONDEHCI!.

NORTH WES'I'ERN AFFAIRS.

€OKRESPONDENCE.
f^Otuiw Times, Nov. 9th 18T4,)
Enormous quantifies of merchandise come
down the Hed River this season. Owing to
the advance of freight* by the Kitson line
many have patronized the flat boats, so that
those came down from MinneaiH'lis and
Moorhead in fleets laden with everything
that Yankee ingenuity can devise, in antici-
pation of Manitoba wants. Many merchants
bring their Fall stock this way, and hence
the market is full— so full that farmers
grumble that there is no market for homo
produce. At present this country is a conve-
nient market for Minnesota, and the Mmne-
»ot«ns drain us of our surplus cash. People
in the older Provinces can form no correct
idea of the quantities of groceries and pro-
visions, as well as dry goods and hardware
and manufactured articles imported, and
then exported from Winnipeg as a centre, to
the distant points of the West, Caravans of
ox. carts, numbering hundreds,wcnd their way
at the rate of two miles and a half per hour,
to the monotonous ,ind savage music of un-
rreased axletrees of ironless carts, over the
unbroken prairies la<len with merchandise of
all ki"d8 *" Biinnlv the increasing demand of
what is 'oallod" the Saskatchewan <«unlry.
The Indian tribes who formerly livod chiefly
M fish, game and pcmmican, it is »id, gladly

WlNNIPBO, Sept. 5, 1874,

I'BOOBKSS or WINMIPEQ.

Why is it that there arc so many people in
the Eastern Provinces so apathetic with re-
gard to the great inducements and advan-
tages offered by the whole of the great North-
West? I frequently meet with men from
Ontario who have been here prospecting and
who, while otlmitting that, " this is a great
country," still tell you that it is rough, and
that there is time enough. When the coun-
try becomes settled then they will^ conde-
scend to come and live with us. This is
generally the burden of their complaint and
philosophy, and while they are waiting for
the development, the venturesome and the
sensible settler or business man comes along
and he makes all the money, and dtTives all
the advantages which arc to be had. I he
rapid, indeed the marvellous growth of this
ciiy of Winnipeg is an illustration of the
want of foresight and boldness which have
characterized many of the cariier visitors
who came here in 1869-1870, and who went
away, intending to come bock when the
difficulties were over, and the place had be-
come settled. Those who remained were
wise in their generation, and from being
iiol)odys they are now lords of the soil, with
thousands of dollars, and are esteemed as
the leading men of the place. When I
visited Fort Garry in 18C0, there were then
no stores, except the Hudson Bay Co.'s ; and
the oniv free tfftd-r wlio dar.-d to oppose
that wealthy monopoly was Mr. McDermctt
who did thousands of dollars' worth of

when llie proRp Mis 111 llie eil.v me tiiki'ii in-
to consideration. Time are already thret!
railroads projected from it, two lines of nav-
igation to the Rocky Mountains alnady
existing, making 'heir junction here, and
with a trade anil corami^rco which rank it
already the sixth city in the Dominion.
As yet, speculation has not been commenced
on an extensive scale, though one operator,
Mr, Burrows, has sold over 4i)0 city lots dur-
ing the [«ist year, This gentleman has done
very much towards making the city known
by his liberal advertising, and ho has display-
ed iinusu il entei-prisu in attracting Invest-
ments, Having a larga tract of some 200
acres (the Magnus Brown property), ho not
only laid it out and planned it with a line
park in the centre, but dug a drain oi two
miles in length, and laid down a sidewalk
for nearly a mile, and fluislied up by giving
away 50 lots free to attract residents, which
wise and liberal course has repaid him a
hundred fold, and a number of residences now
dot the prairie, where a year ago the long
the long grass vaved, and the growth of the
city permanently fixed in that direction.
The same gentleman has recently laid out
the Mulligan property (105 acres), and in-
tumls ofl'ering it in the marki't next season.
'I'tiere are some remarkable instances of the
use of humble individuals by judicious in-
vestments in real estate, — one man a year
ago hwl only $50 of:; capital ; lo-day he owns
over $3,000 worth of real estat«'. Another, a
clerk in a store, saved a couple of hundred
dollars, which he finally dircided to investin
a city lot. This sold in a fi'w days at one
hundred per cent, advance ; then he iKHight
others, and is now the owner of four residen-
ces, worth on an average |l,(ino each, and
some other property ; and instances are
numerous of parties who punhased lots two
years ago for $75, now refusing $500 for
them.

The prevailing impression is that the limit
of prices is reached for rtiid-eity property.
Be this as it may, however, there is no doubt
but that the best investment now offering is
in the surburban city lots, which may he had
at from $20 to $100, within a mile radius of
the Court Room.

The principal strcctVof the city, and those
we may expect to become so, from their being
of generous width and continuity, which
make them useful as business thoroughfares
or attractive for residences, are

First, Main or Garry strei't, which is the
main artery of the city, and on which the
business houses extend foi a mile or more,
running north and south. Next in point of
importance is the portage Road, the main
route west, which strike's from about the
centre of the city and stretches west to the
Rocky Mountains ; then on either side are
Broadway to the south and Burrows Avenue
on the north, both leading westward, all of
which are one "hain and a half or two chains

iipwards of $150,000 worth of goods last year
RUUI'ABATITI iTATIMINT.

The following comparative statement n
the business at the Custom-House for thi
month of July, '73 and '74, is made from the
ofHcial record ; —

1874 1873

Total Import* $1(12,888.00 $5«,805.0(

For Homo Coniump-

(ion 106,272.00 67,3n9.0(

Free Goods 48,278,00 18,754,01

Duty 5,502,34 8 601,21

Among the exports for the month the prin
cipal item is dressed and undressed furs, I
the value of $85,805,

The returns during the month of AugusI
1874, are as folkws: —

111 PORTS.

Dutiable Goods for consumption. .$47,33
Free Goods 22,37

Total Imports $09,70

Amount of duty colli*;U'd,$l 1,482,93.

RXPORTg.

Total amount $146,780

Of this amount furs amounted to $145,82(
The duties collected during the first week t
the present month amounted to $3,000, I
my next I shall refer to the Bow Rivi
County, and the necessity of opening it n
immediately for settlement, and in order t
prevent the trade being directed t>i<i tli
United States.

(Montreal Witneti, Sept. 30lh. 1874.)

COnBKSPOXDENCl!.

NORTH-WESTERN MATTERS.

THE HCOSOK BAY COMPANY'S PBOgPECTg.

WiNNiPKO, Manitoba, Sept. U, 1874.
The mere dry details of the trade and com-
merce of this Province and the territory ad-
joining on our side of the line, are I fear too
much of an imposition upon the patience of
your numerous readers, and under ordinary
"circumstances I would not offer them, hut I
have lately uncuthed some very interesting
figures concerning the trade and business of
this nev-ly acquired territory of ours, and as
they have an application which the business
men of the Eastern Provinces cannot over-
look, I may be permitted at least to offer
the-n, I find that the value of dutiable

QOODS IKPORTED

into the Province and territory last year end-
ing 30th June, and recorded in the Custom
House, amounts to $1,415,504, the value of
free goo-.ls being $38 1 ,439, or a totaljof $ 1 ,797,-
033. The total value of gowls, including
some previously in bond, was $1,472,220.
The value of goods in bond from other ports
reached $65,389 ; the total amount of free
go.Kls imported from Ontario amounU'd to
«Hnn onii : the whole amount of goods im-
porte'd into the Province from all somcvt^s
during the year was $J,«63,4a3, and the

(Mmlreat Oautt; Nov. Ilh, 1874.;
OUR MANITOBA LETTER,

REVIEW or TIM BIASON — TRADE, BUILDINO AK
MAHUrAOTUBiS — OINEBAL NOTES,

(rROH OUR OWE OORBEBPOEDEET.)

WlNNIPBO, Oct. 10th, 1874.

As the season for emigration has aboi
closed, it will he proper to summarise tl
growth of this city for the year past. Fir
I will remind your readers that just four yea
ago Winnipeg was found by our brave V
lunteers of the first expeeition, who visited
then to plant the Dominion flag over Fc
Garry, to be a very scattered Hamlet of alio
,300 inhabitants, " Since then, however,
has shown nmarkable progress, near
doubling its population each year.

The past season has been one of unusii
prosperity and increase, though for ma,
reasons the contrary was feared. The grai
hopper cry was ralserf, but the « hiirvt
home," exhibits an average of about
bushels of wheat to the acre throughout t
Province. The Dominion Governme
threatened to postpone all public works, I
public opinion demanded communicati
with the great west, and the season's closi

... e .11 1.- , ,,1.,.; ,„ „f »l,„ ,„,.. !!.>/•

the railroad from Pembina to Winnipeg, (
the survey of the portiiges of the Dawi
Route preparatory to the giving out of c
tracts earlv in spring. The mismanagcm
of the Dawson Route cast a damper on e
f'ration, but the Einigriint Agent's Regit
here shows an arrival of 3,000 persons to i
tie besides the hundreds who never repot
to him. Trade would be dull in Winnii
ami labor unemployed, nevertheless;
house— Kew, Stobart & Co,— has sold dur
the year $250,000 worth of goods, and In
is in such demand that building, gradi
Ac is delayed for want of hands.

Some idea of the trade centring at Wii
peg may bo judged by the fact that the tl
steamers of the Kittson Line, from Mo
head to Winnipeg, netted for the owiie
the In'.ernational $50,000, and the Sell
and Chevenne $40,000 each this sumi
This besides the flatboat fleet, which n
bered the past summer not less than 30(
A great many fine 'inildlngs have 1
erected during the past year, showing gri
stability and marked improvement in sty
notably the Hudson's Buy Company's oti
Law Office, Custom House, Higgins' s
Bannatyne's store, Hespeler's Bank, Ac
of white brick, and thr.o stories. Over
buildings of brick or wood have been a
to the city during the year.

Some advance has been made in the i
duction of manufactures; Macaulay's, I
and McArthur's sawmills ; Mc Vicars wo
miii I Muivey's foundry, and three furt
fhctorien, repr««ent a large intctOEt ; an

viudsdf |irili,oni» wortli iif ({"ixi't liiHtycnr.
ROMI'ARATIVI iTATIMINT.

rho following oompnrativo sUtemcnt of
l)ii(iln<n8 at thu Cuittom-Houmi for tho

nth of July, '73 nml '74, id mwlo from tho

cial record : —

1874 1873

tal Import* $1(13,888.00 f 58,805.00

r Homo Coniump-
(ion 186,272.00 87,309.00

ieaoodi 46,276.00 18,754.00

ty 5,902,34 (5 601.28

Vmong th« exports for tho month tho prin-

nl item Ih droHRcd and undressed furs, to

I valuo of $85,605.

rho retuiiiH during tbe month of August,

r4, are as folkws: —

llll'OllTS.

Dutiable floods for consumption. .$47,333
Prce Goods 22,374

Total Imports $09,709

Amount of duty i.ollo<;Wd,$l 1.462.93.

Kxponrs.

Total Bmouut $146,780

Of this amount furH amounted to $145,620.
le duties coUeitod during tho fuHt wuuk of
1 present month amounted to $3,000. In
I next I shall refer to the Bow River
iinty, and the necessity of opening it up
imediately for settlement, and in order to
jvent tho trade being directed vin the
lited States.

(Mmlreat Oaietl; ifov. 1th, 1874.;
OUR MANITOBA LETTER.

VIBW or TUB BIASON — TRAM, BUILDINO AND
MAKtirAOTUBiS — OINIRAL N0T»8.

(rUOM OVU OWI OORRISPOIDIMT.)

WlNHIPBO, Oct. 10th, 1874.

As the season for emigration has about
used, it will be proper to summarise the
owth of this city for the year past. First
will remind your readers that just four years
;o Winnipeg was found by our brave Vo-
uteers of the first expeeition, who visited it
en to plant the Dominion flag over Fort
arry, to bo a very scattered Hamlet of nlwut
)n inhabitant*. " Since then, however, it
lis shown r.markable progress, nearly
jubling its population each year.
The past season has been one of unusual
rosperity and intrease, though for ma.iy
■asons the contrary was feared. The grass-
opper cry was raised, but the "harvest
ome," exhibits an average of about 30
ushels of wheat to the aero throughout the
rovince. Tho Dominion Government
lireatoned to postpone all public works, but
ublic opinion demanded communication
rith the great west, and the season's close is

(lie Menni>iiitc«, of wlmm l,2"i) nw --
settled; liny are highly pleased, an<l have
written gliiwingat!COUHts to their compatriots
in RuHdia and tho United Btates. Agents
havo this summer selected 13 Townships for
Broti'h, four Townships for Irish and more
for Ontario people under tho very liberal ool-
ronization clauses of the Dominion Land Act,
so that population Is likely to bo Increased
much more the coming season than in tho
past.

Good coal has been discovered about 400
miles west of Winnipeg.

Any 0110 travelling from Thunder Bay or
Bt Paul to Winnipeg will r»adily poreeivo
tho advantages which the latter pla<:o posHuH-
ses over >'very other in the North.West to
wards becoming the great inland entrepot of
the short route acrosn the contini^nt. These
advantages an! manifold. Heated at tho junc-
tion of the Redan<l Assinabeine Rivers, both
navigabli^ .'trhumlr.ids of miles, it commands
throiigli Lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba tho
navigation of the North and Kouth Saskatch-
ewans to the Rocky Mountains ; it is the
centre of 1 rude aD<l distributing point for the
whole Winnipeg basin, a fertile tract of over
400,000 square miles, the future granary of
the world, and must in consoq lenco be tho
junction of the American and (Janailian I'a-
ciflc lines competin" for the trade of its trib-
utai-)' cities and provinces. It is now tho
seat of the great fur trailo of British America ;
the head-quarters of tho entire trade of the
Hudson Bay (Jompany, and tho extensive
trade of private parties with the increasing
half-breed settlements of the Hiiskatchewan
and Bow River, and the seat of religion and
education, as well as Dominion and Local
Government; besides its having attained a
growth that will attract all other inliuonces.
More anon.

or the Hiiskalelii wai< Territory, be delivered
in tlio ocean ship at Montreal, cheaper than
products from westoftho MlHslsHippi.

Tho navigation of the Ottawa and French
River is the Key to tho entire trade of tho
Wcistern Htates. It reduces tho digtanco
between Chicago and tide-water, at Montreal,
270 miles, or over 31 per cent., and makes
the " Ottawa Route," from Chicago to Mon-
treal, one-third less in distance than to Now
York via Buffalo and Erie Canal | besides a
gain in time of at least 13 days.

Tho construction of tho Paclflc Railway,
and the construction and Improvement of the
great chain of water ways, from Montreal via
the Ottawa Valley to tho grc'at Lakes, and
from there to Lake Winnipeg, and from
thenco to tho Rocky Mountains, have become
not only aoommercial,butanariom>i neeetiily.
J. M. VERNON.

Montroa;, April 28, 1874.

he'railroad from I'embina to Winnipeg, and
ho survey of the porfciges of the Dawson
toute preparatory to the, giving out of con-
Tacts earlv in spring. Tlie mismanagement
>f the Dawson Route cast a damper on erai-
rration, but the Emigrant Agent's Registry
lore shows an arrival of 3,000 persons U) set-
tle, besides the hundreds who never reported
to him. Trade would be dull in Winnipeg,
md labor unemployed, nevertheless; i ne
house— Kew, Stobart & Co.— has sold during
tho year $250,000 worth of goods, and labor
is in such demand that building, grading,
ic is delayed for want of hands.

Home idea of the trade centring at Winni-
peg may bo judged bv the fact that tho three
steamers of the Kittson Line, from Moore-
hi ad to Winnipeg, netted for tho owners—
the In'.crnational $50,1.00, and the Selkirk
and Chevenne $40,000 each this summer.
This besides the flatboat fleet, which num-
bered the past summer not less than 300.

A great many fine 'luildings hav.' been
erected during the past year, showing greater
stability and marked improvement in style-
notably the Hudson's B»y Company's otliees.
Law (iflicc, Custom House, Higgins' store,
Bannatyne's store, Hospeler's Bank, Ac, all
of white brick, and thr.o stories. Over 300
buildings of brick or wiod have been added
to the city during tho year. , , , . ^

Some advance hna been m.ulc in the intro-
duction of manufactures ; Macaulay's, Dick's
and McArthur's sawmills ; Mc Vicars woollen
miit I Muivey's foundff , and three furniture
fhctoriea, repr««ent a large intctMt ; and th«

EXTR.VCT OF ADDRESS OF J. M. VER-
NON, Esq., BEFORE COMMITTEE OF
' MASS. LEGISLATURE, — ON INTER-
NATIONAL COMMERCE.
First, let ns tJiko the foreign trade of Mont-
treal, during tho years; 1841, $3,401,020;
1851, »l 1,498,068; 1861, $27,229,899 ; 1871,
$54,637,853; 1872, !r62,':56,787. In 1867,
tho first year after the abrogation of tho
recipro, ity treaty, the trade of Montreal was
only $36,711,973, and in 1872, five years after
it rose to $02,756,787, an increase of seventy-
two per cent, or 14.5 per cent per annum.
This increase has no parallel in the history of
any established city. Last year it was
177,000,000. So much for the abrogation of
Reciprocity. Now,lei us examine the Foreign
trade of the Provinces which composed tho
Dominion of Canada in 1872, viz: Ontario,
Q.iebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia^
during reciprocity and after reciTi'/ocity :
1856, 8104,299,082; 1861, ^103,535,677;
'.""L".,*." '.,"." V,°Xa-, \°oVu, 5113,387,829; 1371
1170,266,589; 1872, «194,070,190. it will bo
observed that 1867 was tho first actual year
after the abrogation of "reciprocity." In
1873 the trade amounted to ^235,801, 203.
The exports from tho United States into
Ontario and Quebec for the last fiscal year
were $43,289,773. The trade of the Provin-
ces composing the Dominion in 1872 did not
increase from 1856 to 1801, and the latter
year compared with 1871 shows an increase
of !'66,730,912. The total trade of tho Dom-
inion in 1872 was equal to $58 25 per capital.
The trade of the United States for the same
period amounted to S.28. 23 per capital. Had
the trade of the United States been eqiml
to tho Dominion in ratio to population, it
should havo been *2,454,247,000, or 106
per cent, more than it was. Tho trade of
New York is equal to 57.75 pjr cent of
tho whole of the United SteUs, and that of
Montreal about 32 per cen . if Canada.
New York exports 50 pe' ut , and
imports 65j per cent, of the •^ho ; foreign
trade of the United States. The increase
in population is almost as incredible as
ihe trade. You have been led to believe
that Canatia was a fossil, and her people
deserting her. Your politicians havo made
immense capital upon this point, and our
ignorant "croakers" have assisted tin m.
But we must endeavor to disabuse your minds
and correct their errors by citing facts. In
1800, tho population of the United States was
6,305,925 and the Provinces (now the Domin-
ionl 3.420,000. Tn 1870, your population wag
88,»68,3"7l', and onre, '3,486,007 in 1871.

Maxitoba Corrhpkiidinci.

Montreal Gazette, JVoti. 9, 11174.

TUB LAUD Wl UVi ON.

Many theories havo been propounded as
to the origin an exceeding richness of the
soil of our prairie. Its peculiar nature —
having no parallel except in the soil of tho
Valley of tho Nile— has excited enquiry
and speculation. Fresh interest has been
given to the study by the excavation now
going on for water tanks along our prin-
cipal streete. How the deep layer of black
mud ever camo into existence, is the present
subject of investigation. It would appear
to be a fresh water deposit, yet it is clear
that is hag not been formed like the bogs or
swamp beds in other places. The absence
of the remaias of fibres, roots, and decayed
wood indicate this. The excavations for
our water tanks and tho other cuttings
disclose nothing but pure mould without a
trace of vegetable fibre. A paper, prepared
for the Nor' Wetter, discusses two theories,
which might account for tho formation.
The first is that the level of the land was at
one time v»ry much lower than it is no.v,
and the whole country was covered with
wat<>r, that in the course of centuries this
water deposited what is now our soil. Tho
land must thus have risen till there was but
a slight depth of water over it, and remfJned
stationary in this condition for a long
period, in order to give time for a calm
state of thingK to prevail, so that the surface

might bo as it were " 1' veViea on.'

Co'g regervo wag running <tn Thuraday, llr,
Hayard Ix'ing auctioneer. Altomat« lota ar*
only sold and these brought from $180 t*
$750. In all fifty lota were gold, tho arenc*
price wag $4S0.

It 1 B a sufficient Indication of Winnip«c'j
importanco to observe "cities" alonit ft»
Northern Paclflc Railroad, and elsewhore^
clamoring and fighting to have freight paw
through tho places indicated.

Tho St. Vincent train Tucgday aight
brought in a valuable lot of H. B. Co.'a ftira.
Tho train back yesterday morning took ele.
von car loads of Manitolia freight, including
a finely finished Silsby steam firo engine and
two hoso carls for Winnepeg. — Glf/iuUm
Oaielte, Ist October.

Laroi PoTATOiB, In the Lieutenant-
Governor's Garden, inside the Fort, were
grown this season tho following quantities of
potatoes from 1 lb. seed each of the three
varietieg named: Vermont early 64 Ibij
Burnell's Beauty, 49 lbs ; East Vermont S*)
lbs. Of the last two variticg onu potat* ot
each weighed rogpectively 3 lbs. 10 oi., and
3 lbs. Had it it not boon for tho gragghoppec
incursion much more aatonishing resulta thaa
these could have reagonably been expected.
In geries of articleg recently, the 8t. Paal
Preat favorg a Grand River improvement
scheme, which ig no legs than the connectiag
of tho Saskatchewan country in BritM
America, with St. Paul, by navigable water*
The Minesota River is to be made navigaW*
to Big Stone Lake, a canal to bo cut betweea
Big Stone and Traverse Lakes, and the 8io««
Wood and Red Rivers to bo improved. Some-
thing will be done also at the portage which
is caused by the rapids near the mouth af tlia
Saskatchewan.

BuiLDiNn.— And still the new buildlngi
spring up as if by magic. If you take a ghort
cut across a vacant lot in the North Ward
as you come from dinner, the chance* are
that you stumble up against a buildlag if
you attempt to return by tho same waf ia
the evening. At the back of the city people

having taken place, ihe land was lifted up
to its present '.^vel, thus forming tho smooth
plains 1;^ we have them now. Though all
V.As is possible, the almost entire absence of
shells and tho utter absence of vegetable
remaing render this theory very improba-
ble. Tho other and more likely thery ic,
that at intervals immense floods have cover-
ed tho whole of this prairie region. The
last of them must be fresh in the minds of old
settlers here, for they had to fly to Stoney
Mountain in order to save themselves from
its effects. This occurred about twenty
years ago, and a great deal of damage was
done. Since thut time the rivers have worn
themselves beds of nearly double their then
width, so that no such flood need be
dreaded in the future. But in the far
bi.ck time, when these rivers were small,
or scarcely existed, the inundations must
have been very frequent and prolonged.
From the level nature of tho country the
water ^vould retire from it very gradually,
and it is not too much to suppose that the
sediment brought here by these floods and
deposited during their continuance may have
been tho means of forming the alluvial soil
of our prairie lands. It is thus that the sur-
face deposit was formed in the Nile Valley,
and it is of the same black hue as our own.
Finding that the same influences have been
at work here as in Egypt, it is reasonable to
think that they produce in both places simi-
lar results. This '.ouid account for the ab-
sence of vegetAble remains and the absence
of shells, and fulfil every necessary condition.
Besides, tho lie of the land gradually slopes
towards Lakes Manitoba and Winnipeg, as
if the floods coming from the south had made
their heaviest deposits there, while they be-
come higher and lighter as they approached
these lakes into which they poured. The
country is higher 08 wu go »oulh, which ig

are uuV.svu lo gO ift4:.SV.y.7 in order t() get
the run of the new buildings sufficiently to
avoid being lost in the maze. The tcmtOTir
in the rear of the Roberts House ia also til-
ling up rapidly and several fine new build-
ings are there in progress, among otheea
those of Messrs Rossitor and Northgrarea.

Tub Mbnnonitkb.— Mr. Hespeler and l€r.
Goulet have just returned from the Menaon-
ite settlement. They report that ererythinf
there is bustle and activity. A new road hai
been opened up to the settlement, one that
is dry and good all the year round. BotJi
these gentlemen state that the settlement ig
now a pattern institution worthy of older and
more pretentious localities. The extent t*
which improvements hp,ve been carried on
makes the place look more like a settlement
of 20 years old. Numbers of houses have beea
built; and others in course of building. The
community is as biisy as beaveri.

PiTSH IT. — The steamboat meeting, held last
Saturday night was largely attended, and
much interest was manifested. The object
was thoroughly discussed, and after a fall
understanding as to the mode of accompliah-
ing the object in hand, a committee waa
appointed to draw up articles of incorporation
for a stock company, with a $50,000 capital
and $30,000 asa limitof liabilities. A P*?"*
was circulated among those in the room, and
the handsome sum of $2 1,500 signed insk-ijk.
As stated last week, it is designed to build
two sU>amboats and as many liarges an needed,
the same to opi'iate between Moorhead and
Fort Garry. The name of the company u t»
be " The Merchants' International Transpor-
totion Company," More anon.— Moorhead
St-tr.