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IHkrib i.\ iCiMur V lu ^tc y o V 1:%. on F Cafi: £m£ak •etil ^ sjv 0^1^ / K utrmu Louutk lurg .f» fi<^ I JSf Is S7 60 49 4a COITNTIE \iitli the Lots as N^EW SETTLEMEI *e £6 J .CJtk 3 4 53 ^^f//*" ^2 ^ . 9 9ooooAtru /'■■:, ^^^Si JtotfooAcmt 4Sp ^i\ /Hjul '1 /'tOOOOu 10000 Atnu / 6"\ /iooooAcnif „ ^■ ^16 '^ Emmenm , JlreaJberrfi 14 17 '^N 'WetiCSi RichniOTid Jl| t 1^ -^ * ^2is. ; Paiiiji. j^^MwBRfc f*ff Saidimaiid Jl^^^oooo AcTfs^^ I ^^^5^' ,|i)avid's/ \JaU£/"" / 3t4ao(>,ASw-// *" N^ y' .. ioooo Atreje N ^^im4( lUdHtad S.M.SawMm CJl.CdmJiUl :<: Haibitadons »4ra;' -?^»iPjKfi^S^ .• a •"^ "^ .'■W^»i*^^'^S^- "* ' ■'i>=»*, -.xX MMMM DESCRIPTIOxV or PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. SITUATION JND EXTENT, i Mri.E'). Longth J 'JO tireudth 30 J Between \ HI nnd 64 Weit l and is scparatiil from Nova Scotia, on the South, by a channel from three to six leagues in width. It is distant from Cape Breton, on the East, about fifteen leaq^ues ; and has New Brunswick and Lower Canada on the North-West, distant, to different points, from eight to twenty leagues. lihers end JSays.] — The Island is intersected with numerous bays and rivers ; so that there are very few places at a greater distance tliun six miles from the flowing of the tide, and none above eight miles. Tlie prmcipul rivers are those called Hills- borough, Eliot, York, Cardigan, Urudenell, and Montagu, M'hich are large enough to admit ships of the line. Dunk, Ellis, Vernou, and Murray rivers, will contain vessels of 300 tons burthen, by taking advantage of the tide ; and there are many other rivers which are navigable for vessels of 100 tons burthen. Pownal, Orwell, Hichmond, Grenville, Harris, Bedford, Saint Peter's, Colvijje, and Cardigan bays, afi'ord good and safe anchorage for vessels fiom 100 tons upwards. Air and Climate.'] — The air is remarkably clear; a fog is rarely to be seen. FVom the beginning to the middle of April, the ice in the rivers breaks up, the navigation is open, and the inhabitants begin th( ir fishing, agriculture, and gardening. The v^pring is very rapid, the degree of heat in Summer is much the same as in England, but more regular : the Autumn is long and pleasant ; the Winter iu general sets in from the middle to the latter end of December, at which time the rivers and bays begin to be frozen over, and the snow to f;tll ; after which it continues a steady frost, with a very clear air, with intervals of snow-falls; sometimes the snow is accompanied with boiste- rous winds ; the snow in the woods is in general from two to three feet deep on an average : the bracing cold in the winter is far more healthy, and, to many people, much more pleasant to bear, than the variety and sudden changes of the weather in England. Face of the Country, and Natural Productions.'] — The country is ia general level, intcispersed with |<;cnlle risings ( i an^ gradual descents, there beiii^ but few lar^e liills on tlie Island. It abounds with springs of the finest water ; and as the rivers are very numerous, there are a great many excellent situations for mills. The far greater part of the Itilnnd is in its original wild and uncultivated stiite, covered witfi groves of various kinds of treeL>, among wliic.li are the Iblluwing : the white and yellow pine, the hemlock, the red, white, and black spruce trees, two or three kinds of fir trees, and the larch tree; all of which are described by the inhabitants as soft wood trees: there are also oak, ash, elm, poplar, and cedar trees, but not in great plentv- The most prevailing hard wood trees are> birch, beech, and maph' ; of the former there are three kinds, the "white, yellow, and black; the white or curled maple, and the black or sugar maple trees, and various other kinds of trees and shrubs. Tliere are also wild cherries, gooseberries and currants; and the wild raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and blue- berries, arc in some parts in great abundance, and very fine. A fruit in this Island, called the Indian Pear, is very delicious. There are a gnat many salt, and some inland marshes, from which considerab'e quantities of hay are cut. Tame ami wild Fowl ajid Birds.] -Turkies, geese, ducks, and other poultry, arc in plenty. Wild geese and brant, andj» various kinds of wild ducks, are in very large flocks in the hfpringand Autumn, and flocks of wild pigeons in the Summer. A great many partridges, much larger and. finer than in Eng- land ; several sorts of plovers and snipes ; the large grey and black eagle ; different kinds of hawks and owls, the raven and the crow, and many birds of beautiful plumage, are found in the woods : various other kinds of birds appear, as the inhabitants extend their improvements ; among which are the spring-bird, the robin, a blackbird, and the snowbird, and the beautiful humming-bird frequents the gardens. V Fish.] — The Fish of this Island are, cod, herrings, mackarcl, salmon, salmon-trout, bass, haddock, sturgeon, perch, floun< ders, eels, smelts, tomy-cod, elwives, &c. most of these in great abundance ; also lobsters and oysters, which are easy to be obtained in many of the bays and rivers, and many kinds of shell and other fish, and seals. Animals.] — There are black cattle, sheep, hogs and horses; some bears, wild cats, red, silver-grey, and black foxes, otters, martens, minks, musk-rats, and several kinds of squirrels ; a great number of hares, which are grey in Summer, and white in Winter : no reptile is here to be niet with, except a small harmless snake. Soil nnd Produce] — The soil is deep and light, but very fertile, if properly cultivated ; in most places there are few or no stones to be seen, except on the shores, or by digging three or four feet for them. The land produces very good wheat, bar- ley', oals, ryo, J^cus> &c. and the various sorts of vegetables; as '\\\ I tj ft -*, ■ m:yl ,■*>; ,«; ^yi tli ';'R^- England, such m potatoes, parsnips, carrots, cabbages, peas, ilie different kinds of beans, asparagus, cauliflowers, onions, cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, radishes, lettuces, celery, &c. &c. Hops grow exceedingly well, with little trouble. The English apple and cherry trees thrive very well, the garden gooseberry and currant trees yield very great crops. The land produces very good herbage, both for hay and pasturing of cattle, which thrive extremely well ; the farmers, in general, have good stocks of black cattle, sheep, hogs, and horses : the sheep, for the most part, produce double, and scarcely a disease is fver known amongst them. Government, Commerce, Towns, and Military Strength."]-^-' The Island is governed by a Lieutenant Governor, Coun- cil, and General Asiiembiy, by whom the Laws are enacted : the Council consists of six or eight Members, who are appointed by the Governor, and, by the King's instruction, are to be Proprietors and principal Landholders. The Ge-^ neral Assembly are eighteen in number, who are chosen by a majority of the Landholders, Leaseholders, and resident Housekeepers. All laws that respect property, are, by the King's instruction, to have a clau.se to suspend their opera- tion till they have been sent to England and received the Royal Assent. The only tax paid here is a small duty on liquors im- ported, which is appropriated to the purpose of improving the roads and other iiisular expences. The commerce is, at present, chiefly confined to the exportation of cattle and sheep, with other productions of the farm, which the inhabitants send to Newfoundland, and of wheat, and other grain, which is sent to Halifax. Some persons have carried on a considerable trade ia the cod and herring fisherieti ; the produce of which they send t> Europe and the West Indies, and lumbtr, oil, skins, and furs, to England. The towns, laid down on the plan, or gene- ral survey of the Island, are Prince Town^ Charlotte Town, and George Town ; Charlotte Town, is the seat of Government, It is pleasantly situate, and regularly laid out. It has two forts and a block house, and there are two companies of soldiers in the garrison in war time, and the militia of the Island for its defence against privateers. Inhabitants, and general Employment ] — The inhabitants consist chiefly of emigrants from England, Ireland, Scotland, the States of America, and a few from Germany. There are also about six or seven hundred of the original Acadian French settlers, who occupy three villages, and live comfortably by farming and fisliing. The generality of ihe inhabitants are employed in farming, except a very few mechanics, such as blacksmiths, carpenters, shipwrights, millwri<>;hts, coopers, shoe- makers, weavers, and masons ; and some few in the cod and lieri'ing fisheries, as they can spare time from their farms, which may be carried ou to great advantage, as the Island becume» ^ «^..«.i .-"1 •/*. iii. ?«-t( ;,A -.A. 8 ^ more populous ; the fishing-banks exlending all along the north atid north east coasts of the Island, \irhere are a great number of vessels come from the Stales of America to catch fish. The furmers begin to plow and sow in April; tliey endeavour to get all their Summer wheat sowed before the lOtli of May, but it is generally the latter end of that month, or the beginning of June, before they have all their oats, barley, peas, and potatoes, in tlie ground, as labourers are scarce ; notwithstanding, as vege- tation is quick, they bei^in to reap about the middle of August. Between seed-time and harvest, some are employed in burning the "wood that has been cut in the Winter for clearing new land, and some in cutting and making hay. The Autumn being long and pleasant, in the early part of it, some sow their Winter M'heat, and afterwards get up their potatoes, which they raise in great quantities. In the Winter, some are employed in cutting the trees down for clearing new land ; others in threshing their corn which is and getting home their hay for their cattle, which is mostly housed in the winter nights ; some in cutting and bringing home their fire wood and making lumber, such as shingles, laths, hoops, staves, &c. and cutting and carrying pine-logs for the tiaw mills. Some of the women are eniployed in spinning wool, and in knitting stockings and mitts; the flax, which they raise in Summer, is made into coarse cloth. Some of the families make upwards of two hundred yards of woollen and linen cloth in a year ; and many families make two or three hundred weight of sugar, in the early partof t!ie Spring, before the snow is thawed in the Woods, from the sap of the maple trees ; they likewise make very good butler and cheese; and raise as much poultry as they choose to keep. lieligion.'] — There are a few persons who attend the Esta- blished Church once in a week ; tlie far greater part are Dissenters, of one description or other ; but as they have but few religious meetings, and not any ministers, their sabhath-days are gene- rally filled up with looking over their past week's industry, and in visiting their neighbours. When any dissenting minister has happened to visit tiie Island froi^ the Continpnt, many of the in- habitants have attended with an apparent desire to be instructed. The native French, and many of the Highland Scotch are Re- man Catholics, who meet regularly for worship every sabbath- day, and have a priest or two who reside among them. General Remarks.] — This Island, which possesses so many natural advantages, such as a good soil, the finest water, a clear air, good harbours, and fine rivers, with abundance of fish and wild fowl, and good timber for house and ship-build- ing, and furniture, would, in all probability, have been in a much forwarder state of settlement, but for the following rea- sons : — It was originally granted by Government in townships of twenty thousand acres each, and half townships to oflicers wiio had served in the army and navy, and others ; the far f miu ,.i€€.r..>..- niwtnri'ii' I V j""' '• - aif W " 'J H U, - ^ ^ ilBii ■ *> ■' 0' €« ^ • Br W|«# ff» 1^ # greater part of whom have not taken tlie least pains to send settlers to their lands, but have apparently lain by to reap a future benefit from the active exertions of other proprietors : and a difTerence some time since prevailed between some of the Civil Officers of the Government and some of the Proprie- tors and Merchants, which has been very detrimental to the trade of the Island. Some persons, who are inclined to emi- grate, give a preference to the Government and advanced state of settlement of the United States of America, it being much better known. Yet there are but few places in the States of America, from the best accounts, that are equal in fertility and natural advantages to this Island: and the four diseases mentioned in Winterbotham's recent History of America, liamely, nervous disorders, rheumatisms, intermitting fevers, and premature loss of teeth, as there so prevalent, by no means apply to this Island, it being extremely healthy; many of the native French evince the truth of this by their longevity. In the States of America, the lands, for a considerable distance from the sea coasts, are chiefly occupied j the back lands are raised much in price, and the distance from a market is a con- stant and unavoidable drawback on the active exertions of the industrious farmers : but their is no situation on this Island but where they may have easy access to navigable rivers, and a constant market for their produce at Newfoundland and Hali- fax : the Westlndicb and Europe will also afford a market for them in their more advanced state of settlement, agriculture, and commerce. It has the advantage of Canada in some points of commerce, not only on account of the fishing-banks extend- ing round the coast, but that the inhabitants of this Island can make two voyages to the West Indies in the Summer, whereas from Canada only one can be made. Tt is well known that the principal part of the farmers, who raise considerable crops of grain, and possess stocks of cattle, from twenty to sixty head, besides flocks of sheep, hogs, horses, &c. came to this Island with very little, and many with no property whatever. The prospect of arriving at such a situation stimu- lates the youns; farmer to encounter with pleasure, and per- severing assiduity, the difTiculties of his infant farm. Those who come here with no property, generally work for others till they have acquired a little slock ; and after such have be- gan to farm, they can get assistance by working for the neighbouring farmers, till they have brought their own farms gradually forward. An infant country is by no means calcu- lated for indolent persons, except they have some income to live on; but there is a moral certainty of an industrious person bettering his circumstances every year, with the same or less degree of labour than must of necessity be used in England, to procure a bare or scanty subsistence, with no other pios- pect in old age than the aid ufibrded him by the parish : ivhereas. :*■■ 1 ^' I 1 1 10 in such a country as tliis, iinincumWrcil with tithes or taxeit, and the Itind in itH original state, at about one shillingp |)er acre annually for ever, or farms to be purchased on easy terms, his ordinary industry will soon procure him a comfor- table provision, witli the satisfactory prospect of seeing his family follow his example. A lar^^e family, to a man in low circumstances, may here be very properly considered a great blessing, as they can all assist their parents to great advan- tage during their minority, and are under no necessity of being sent from home, and by that means frequently exposed, to many vices in seeking a livelihood ; on the contrary, they remain witii their parents, who, to encourage them to indus- try, generally make them a present of a calf, or a sheep, when they are young, which, by the time they are of age to beltle for themselves, will have increased to several heads ; so that, with a little further assistance from the parents of a young couple, they begin on a new farm with an encouraging prospect. Persons, with a few hundred pounds, may soon place them- selves in a comfortable situation, and of course will be relieved from many of tlie inconveniences, which those who have no property are at 6rst subjected to. Some persoi.s who have emigrated to America have been extremely disappointeJ, by not having, in their ideas, made a proper allowance for the difference of an infant country, compared to those scenes they have been accustomed to ; others there are who read of the productions and advantages of America, but do not sufficiently consider, that if they emigrate there with little or no property, it must be by their gradual and persevering industry that they can obtain the comforts and conveniences of life. Persons of small property, who may be desirous of emigra- ting to this Island for the purpose of farming, are naturally led to enquire, how they arc to dispose of a family on then* landing there, and the best and cheapest method of proceeding i* To which it may be answered — If the pel'son has not fixed uii the spot he intends to make his residence, previous to his leaving his native country, it will be expedient, immediately on his arrival (suppose at Charlotte Town), after having ob- tained accommudiilions for his family (which will not be difli- cult), to apply to some persons in the Town, who for the most part are able and ready to inform a stranger, who have lands to lease or dispose of, and the part of the Island in which they are situate. It will then be proper to go and examine the spot, or perhaps several, in order to make the best choice. 'J here are many places to be had where the farms front a navigable river, or bay. In VVinterbotham's History, before e^iludcd to, is the following information, which will apply to ihiii Island : " When a settler fixes on a a spot of laud, his : '. ■ '■* kj: t • ^:SW- I I » ,m .^M' ' ■' ' ■ mm i' ■ -^^; Al II I i il! i Wfl''T ?g ' *! * * f |» * - /-ft * ^4 WV -m V9^ >,*'■ . m^ -^f^r:^ ^^; f.: ■ »/ . I.- 11 " first cace is to cut down a few trees to build his log-house. *' A man may cut down and lop from twenty to thirty in a *' day, of tlie size proper for the purpose. These form the *' walls of the building;. In general tlie lon;.cal)ins of this " kin d are such as half a dozeik men will easily finish in threo " or four days (say a week); ten guineas worth of labour, thuR " employed, will lodge a family quite as comfortable as in the " better kind of cottages in England." Such log-houses may be enlarged, as opportunity will admit, or improved, by lining them with board, in the nature of wainscot, or lath and plaster ; the outside covered with clap- boards, and the roof with shingles ; or, as the person is dis- posed, and his circumstances will admit, he may, in a future period, build a framed house, from sixty pounds to many hundreds, according to the size, and the manner in which it is finished : his first house may be then used for a cattle-house. When the person has his log-heuse fiuished, he will fiiid it to his advantage to remove his family into it as early as possible, both fur convenience and to save expence ; and of course must lay in such necessaries as he thinks he shall want, according to the number of his family. He may form some estimate of a year's provision by the following prices, alluding to tt e Autumn of 1795 : — Wheat at 5s. per bushel ; potatoes about Ik. 6d. per bushel; by a large quantity they have been bought for Is. per bushel ; beef, mutton and pork, from 3d. to 4d. per pound, according to the season of the year; fowls from 4s. to 8s. per dozen ; ducks about Is. ; geese about 2s. 6d ; turkies 5s. each : most people raise their own poultry. Spruce beer, and rum and water, are the general liquors that are drank here, except water and milk ; but as barley and hops grow very well, there can be no doubt hut malt liquor will be more generally introduced, which will be far more beneficial to the inhabitants than the pernicious custom of drinking spirits, which is gene- rally too prevalent in all America. Cows with calves, in the spring of tiie year, from 51. to about 61. ; a pair of middling size aged bullocks, that v* ill weigh five or six hundred each, may Ic bought for 141. to 161. per pair. Some of the bul- locks on this Island have weighed upwards of a thousand weight. Ewes with lambs, in the spring of the year, about 20s. to a guinea ; sows with pig, according to thoir size, from 20s. to 40s. The above prices are in the currency of the Island : if one-tenth is detlncted from these sums, it will re- duce it to sterling. It will be advisable, that the new settler purchases a few poultry, a cow cir two, and a sow, as soon as he goes to his farm, by which means he will have eggs, but- ter, and milk for the family ; if the farm is an entire woodland farm, the cows will find sufficient food in the woods, in the Summer and Autumn, and come regularly home to be milked by kr^niiiQ- the rnlvrs nn. and L'^ivip'*' them a oortiou of the I , .'».•■; r 12 milk. If there should he no marsh ground to the farm, -where fodder may be cut for the Winter, the new settler will be obiicfed to buy hay till he can raise some from the woodland. When he has purchased these necessaries, he has then to encounter -with the most difficult part of his farm, vrhicli is to ben^in to clear away the woods. This labour is differently pursued, according to the judgment of different persons: some grub up the small trees and underwood by the roots ; these are burnt on the ground ; and the large trees they girdle, by cutting a rim of the bark round the tree, which kills it, and lets in the sun to the ground ; they then plant potatoes and grain between the trees; but, for the most part, the inhabitants cut all the trees down from two to three feet above the ground, and cut them into ten or twelve feet lengths, and pile and burn them. But some think the best way is, to take a crop or two at most off the ground, and then lay it down to grass ; and in a few years, the roots of the stumps will get sufficiently rot- ten, so that a man or two, with two pair of bullocks, and a chain fixed round the tops of the stumps, will get up as many in a day a» they would in a month were they to attempt it when the stumps were green. The new farmer should aim to be there as early in the Spring as possible, by which means he may get sufficient land cleared, at least to get a good crop of potatoes in the ground, and other vegetables : the potatoes would not only seiVe his family, hut he might have plenty to keep a sufficient number of hogs through the Winter, so as to supply him with moat the ensuing year. He might likewise sow some wheat in the Autumn between the stumps; some hoe it in, otliers'bnly harrow it in ; and some there are that will plough betvveen the stumps with a short one-handled plough ; and good crops have, been produced by either method. If the person has no sons of his own, capable of assisting him in the labour, he would do well to take a stout boy or two with him, who might be indented to him till they were twenty-one years of age : these boys would be of great service to a new settler. It is recommended to new settlers, to plant an orchard as early as possible, as the young trees will be growing while the stumps are decaying. This has been much neglected by the early settlers, o; ly a few of late years have attended to it. Many of the inhabitants who live in log-houses, as above de- scribed, seem to feel but little emulation to build themselves better habitations, although they have abundance of property and opportunity for the purpose. This may arise either from habit, or from their having been accustomed to small cottages in the country they have left. It is recommended to persons who may emigrate to this Island, to bring their bedding and kitchen utensils, and as much wearing apparel as convenient, as the prices on the articles which are brought from England are much advanced, especially iti war-time. e^' «' 7 m * 'ir ■'^; fijv •■^ ' .III '■^y m- '^■^ JC ■•« iSSBM! «/ 1- ■,'S', • lit H-4^- * ^' «• . 13 It) Winterbotham's History of America are Uie following Remarks, vol. III. pages 2U9, 300, 301, 302. " What are the general inducements to quit Europe for the " purpose of settling in America? — To this Query we shall, " without hesitation, reply, that the first and principal induce- " ment to an European to quit his native country for America, "is THE TOTAL ABSENCE OF ANXIETY RESPECTING THE >> "FUTURE SUCCESS OF A FAMILY. " In England the young man flies to prostitution ">■■ \^i, 14 '* COMFORTS OF LIFE, and onxioiis attention to minute rrag;ality, " are almost incumbent on a man of moderate fortune, and iu " the middle clases of life : and the probahilitieu of ultimati . «,- " cess are certainly against a large family. In EiiglanOy ^^o '* man has a right, calculating upon the common chances to " expect that five or six children shall all succeed, however " virtuous or industrious they may he. " In America it is otherwise : you may reasonably reckon up- " on a comfortable settlement, according to your situation in lile. *♦ for every part of a family, however numerous. There is no- " thing in European countries equivalent to the taking off this " weight upon the mind of a father of a family. It is felt in the *' occurrences of every day. Mr. Cooper remarks, he has seen '' with pleasure the countenance of a European emigrant, in " America, brighten upon this very comfortable reflection ; a " reflection which conscdes even for loss of friends, and exile " from a native country. " In England, if a man has been pecuniarily unfortunate the " eager crowd press on and trample over him, and, once down, " he is kept down. In America, a false step is not irretrievable, " there is room to get up again ; and the less unfortunate stum- " bier looks round at leisure, and without dismay, for some more " profitable path to be pursued. In England, every employment " is full, we are pressed and elbowed on all sides : in Ame- " rica every employment has room for industry, and for " many years almost every species of industry must be ** successful." Impartial persons will not consider the above remarks of Win- terbotham, as exceeding the truth, for it is a well known fact, that a great number of persons, whose appearances in life ex- ceed their circumstances from a kind of necessity, and are car- rying on their different employments with the most distressing anxiety: and if a few, among the many, surmount these diffi- culties, after many years perseverance, they may, at last, be so fortunate as to acquire a sufficient suniT of money to enable them to put all, or most of their children, in the same ptrpluxintj^ situations In Buchan's highly-esteemed Treatise on Domestic Medicine, are the following Remarks, treating on the Laborious and Sedentary. ^' Though nothing can be more contrary to the nature of ^' man than a sedentary life, yet this class comprehends the *' far greater part of the species. Almost the whole female '^ world, and, in manufacturing countiies, the major part of ** the males may be reckoned sedentary. Agriculture, the '^ first and most healthful of all employments, is now fo|. *' lowed by few who are able to carry on any other business. *^ But those who imagine that the culture of the earth is not f < tf.. * ■"■-.„ »"» \4^i *.i .u 'm 4 ■%;.;■ f < < ■ 'I ^ 15 ** HuHlcicnt to employ all its inhabitants, are greatly rols- *' taken. An ancient Roman, we are told, could maintain his '^ family from the produce of one acre of ground : so might a ** modern Briton, if he would be conttnted to live like a ** Roman. This shews what an immense Increase of inhabi- *' tants Britain might admit of, and all of thom live by the *• culture of the ground. Agriculture is the great source of *' domestic riches. Where it is neglected, whatever wealth ** may be imported from abroad, poverty and misery will ** abound at home. Such is, and ever will be, the lluctuating <' state of trade and manufactures, that thousands of people ** may be in full employment to-day, and in beggary to-mor- ** row. This can never happen to those who cultiTate the '' ground ; they can eat the fruit of their labour, and can *^ always, by industry, obtain at least the necessaries of life. *' Labouring the ground is every way conduc ivc to health. ** It not only gives exercise to every part of the body, but *' the very smell of the earth, and fresh herbs, revives and ** cheers the spirits, whilst the perpetual prospect of some- '' thing coming to maturity delights and entertains the mind. *' We are so formed as to be always pleased with somewhat in *' prospect, however distant or however trivial. Hence the ^' happiness that most men feel, in planting, sowing, building, *' &c. These seem to have been the chief employments of ** the more early ages ; and when Kings and Conquerors cul- '^ tivated the ground, there is reason to believe that they ** knew as well wherein true happiness consisted as we do.'^ This is not only true in theory, but it is confirmed by daily observation, that many eminent persons in great cities, after they have been giving their attention to business the greater part of their lives, are generally retiring to these rural employments, as most congenial to human felicity ; especially to a religious mind, which may enjoy such satisfaction in contemplating the wisdom and goodness of God, in the ordinary operations of the works of nature, in such innocent and harmless simplicity, compared with the artifice and deceptive contrivance which the mind is engaged in, in making and vending most of the works of art, which, through the numerous competitors of every calling, operate nearly as forcibly as the laws of necessity ; so that we *' may be seeking death in the errors of life, and bringing upon ourselves destruction with the works of our hands. " — Since the foregoing description was published, notwith. standing the circumstances of the late war, which were a great impediment to emigration, yet the natural advantages of Prince Edward Island are such, that by the ordinary increase of population^ and some emigration, the number .',,*: t..'. ■a^.,;/ JUL. * cc.no. !iV'/74> I 16 of inhabitants are now supposed io be about twenty thousand. The low price of Land in new Countries, generally advances in proportion to the demand of an increasing population, especially those Lands situate near navigable Water. The price of Land, Farming Stoclc, and Provisions is somewhat raised since the publishing of the above account; yet good Land may now be purchased at from fifteen shillings to a guinea per acre, according to its situation; and Farms at no time have been rented at lower than one shilling, nor higher than two shillings, sterling, per Acre. Some pro. prietors now let their Land in its natural state, the first year at three pence per Acre, and to raise three pence per Acre annually, till it comes to eighteen pence, sterling, per Acre, and so to remain for ever. The current prices for cattle and provisions for the year 1818, may be averaged as follows: — A good serviceable horse for draft or the saddle, about 181.; a milch row and calf from 61. to 81.; a pair of four-year old oxen, about 161. ; ewes with lambs 25s. pigs, in abundance, in proportion to their size ; beef, mutton, and pork, from 4d. to 6d. per lb. according to the season of the year, and the demand for home consumption or expor- tation. Butter, about Is. per lb.; wheat, about 7s.; barley 4s. ; oats 2s. 6d. ; and potatoes Is. 8d. per Win- chester bushel. The Trade of the Island has also much increased. From forty to fifty sail of shipping have been annually loaded with timber for Great Britain these some years past ; and there has likewise been a considerable export of cattle, sheep, lumber, grain, and potatoes, to the neghbouring Colonies of Novn Scotia and Newfoundland, and some to the West Indies, in vessels built and owned by persons on the Island. This occasions-^ a considerable demand and employment for industrious labourers, both ia farming, and loading the Timber Ships, &c. and more especially for those who can use the axe — an art which is very soon acquired. There have also some Fisheries been established, for which business this Island is peculiarly adapted. Since the increase of Population, several Dissenting Ministers have come to reside on the Island, and Meeting Houses have been built for their accommodation, which are numerously attended. Those of the Established Church, Dissenters, and Roman Catholics, appear to live in good neighbourhood, in being ready to render mutual assistance to each other. FINIS. PklNTBO BT BAUER AND CO. NARKOW WINE STREET, BRIITOU V, ( , h t*') , .... w :v> fy •,'*i 1 '■^t^b^^Vi ^'/76 ■J»v *'K t-Jj4.« ->ifi. •• * f '•>IH* :i- ''if-* ■■] •t' ' ■■',«'•■ • ^ -■*;:.' ■■.■'' ■''.'":,,. r * ■ ', Pt*'- ■• ^ • ■• -i' . . .• - 1, ■.. iJk. '*- * ■ ?' 4,. r- ■A ^>n~»"w.*' .It /••^J.. .O' J-;?-^ ^*»r' ^'