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 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H ^^aai^^^^^^^HHHiMM^H^MHi ^^i^^m^K^^^^^^mi^mma^amt 
 

.A.. 
 
 / 
 
 THE MANHATTAN SALT MINE. 
 
 The Property of H. Y. Attrill, of New York and Goderich. 
 
 The importance of its early completion to the Commercial, 
 Manufacturing and Shipping Interests of the Dominion. 
 
 Salt and its Uses- 
 There are probably but few among all who are daily in the habit of using 
 salt realize the extent or importance of the trade in this article. It is used 
 in the manufacture of glass, and of soap ; out of it principally are made by 
 varying processes, bleaching powder and baking powder ; sulphuric acid ia 
 another article for thftvproouction of which salt would the more readily bu 
 used if obtainable cheaplvjjKnough, instead of sulphur fnmes. There are 
 still other uses in metalltir^y and the arts, which are readily found for this 
 product. >, 
 
 The salt industry in (Janada is ati yet but a limited one, in its infancy 
 reallj', when we consider what an enormous Held we have of aaliferous ctrata 
 in the counties of Huron, Brace and Lambton. Salt, in hundred millions of 
 tons, and of the purest quality, is there indicated. Much has been done by 
 the evaporating process, it ia truo nri'l Canadian salt is now an article of 
 current home use. But the plan proposed by Mr. Attrill, as stated else- 
 where by a correspondent, is to mine the rock salt as co<iI is mined, to crush 
 it by proper machinery into coarse or tin-, as consumers require. The 
 gentleman named suspended operations last year, for reasons which we have 
 dtated ; but it appears he has by no means lost sight of the object for which 
 he made such thorough explorations. 
 
 The remarkable advantageous geographical position of (roderioh would 
 make it the natural source of supply for the great cities of the lake basins — 
 Chicago alone using over 100,()00 ton.s of salt a year — and of the great 
 farming and grazing lands of the far west, and the no inconsiderable market 
 of the metallurgical works in the fiocky Mountains and on Lake Superior. 
 
 Deposits of rock salt have recently been discovered in New York State, 
 and we see it stated that this same Mr. Attrill is being urged to transfer his 
 interests to the southern side of the lakes. Now, it will be apparent enough 
 that, should he do this, abandon his Goderich scheme, and establish mines 
 and chemical works on the American side, he would thereby pretty effectu- 
 ally prevent the present full development of the Goderich bed, and throw 
 back this important Canadian industry for a long period. 
 
 If mines were opened at Goderich with a capacity of 2,(XK) tons a day, and 
 chemical works established in their vicinity, thera would be little occasion 
 for the investments for years to come, of the large sums necessary to build 
 rival works elsewhere ; and, indeed, there are few individuals who have the 
 means, and fewer still who are willing to expend so much of their capital in 
 enterprises of this kind. -^1100,000 would not be deemed an excessive 
 sam to invest in the real estate necessary to justify the expenditare 
 
of $200,CN)0 or ^'25O,O0i) in opening and ettuipping a mine and the 
 necesflary surface works. A large additional amount might be 
 rcfjuircd in carrying on the buaincsa as a working capital. These are 
 sums so considerable that gentlemen even ns wealthy as Mr. Attrill may 
 well hesitate before finally embarking in an enterprise reijuiring them. 
 That their investmont and the industry this would give birth to would be of 
 very groat benefit not only to (ioderich and to the entire Dominion, must be 
 evident to every one even slightly familiar with tlie thousand ways in which 
 the working of a mine or of chemical works necessitates the occupation and 
 contributes to the support of many times the number of persons dirootly con- 
 nected with the main enterprise. 
 
 British North America imported from l.iverpool in tiie lirst seven months 
 of this year about r)0,(K)() tons of .salt, wlule the United States imported in 
 thfi same time from the same port 110,000 tons, while the total exports from 
 the Mersey for the seven months amounted to about 570,000 tons. The 
 value of this salt f. o. b. was from lis. to ISs. per ton, and the freights to 
 American ports. exc<!edingly low at present, vary from "is. (5d. to os. a ton. 
 The freights to the great market'; of the ^Vest Mrere of course much higher. 
 It is desirable for (Canadians to })ereoive the importance of this industry, or 
 at least the importance of establishing it before that i.s done on the other 
 side of the lakes. Our American friends are by no leans slow in develop- 
 ing *' a bonanza"' when thej' find one ; and as our deposit is already tested, 
 and is probably much the larger, wc should be^itir ourselves to encourage the 
 salt works lest we l>e outdone by our enterprising neighbors. \Vork, 
 largely experimental, having for its object greatly to reduce the cost of 
 the production of salt, would seem to deserve some Rpecial encouragement. 
 
 The Attrill Salt fiiiterprisc. 
 
 (From the Mitaelary Turn:', Sept, 0, is7^.) 
 
 Ollice Engineering and Mining . I ournal. New York. Aug. 28th, 1878. 
 
 To the Editor Moiittary Times. 
 
 Sir, — On my return from Europe, where 1 acooiupanied Mr. Attrill, with 
 the object of examining into economic (juestions connected with the sinking 
 of hia salt shaft at (Ioderich, Ont., T have had my attention called to an 
 article entitled "The Attrill Salt Enterprise," which appeared in your 
 columns on the oth July. As the enterprise, from its great magnitude — 
 incalculable importance to Canada — should be of interest to your readers, I 
 venture to correct a few errors that have crept into your report. 
 
 Mr. Attrill's test borings were made with the diamond, not as your report 
 says by "oidinary drill," and then brought up "test cores," showing the 
 nature of the rocks passed thr<.ugh to a depth of over l,r)0O feet. A number 
 of these cores are now on exhibit in the Canadian department at the Paris 
 Expo-^ition, and have attracted great attention, more particulaily on account 
 of the remarkable purity of the rock salt found, and the number and 
 thickness (aggregating 12(5 feet) of the beds in which tins precious mineral 
 occurs. 
 
 It is tpiite true that the enterprise has been an exceedingly expensive one, 
 and Mr. Attrill has laic", the ground work of a great industry on well made 
 foundations. After the thorough exploration, whi«h a prudent investor 
 should always make in such cases, plans were elaborated for sinking a large 
 shaft ; and the finest machinery that could be found in this country was 
 procured and placed in substantial buildings of the most permaricnt 
 

 
 character. It wa8 known that large (luantitiea uf water would bu mot with 
 in sinking, and the plans of Mr. Attrill'd then chief engineer provided for 
 this by purchasing heavy pumping engines and cast-iron tubing, which, as 
 the shaft was sunk, wa^ to be U8e<l to line it and prevent the iuHux of water. 
 The heaviest water, or the "big Bpnng," as it is locally termed, was ex- 
 I)ected at a depth of about .'lOO fuut, itut no inconsiderable amount was met 
 with from the surface down ; indeed, it is n\ore than proha\)le that 
 the water from the lake, which is some four hundrel feet distant, 
 found its way through the yravel in which the tirst sixty-Hvo feet of the 
 shaft wore sunk before solid rock was reaoheil. After lining up the portion 
 of the shaft with a heavy brick wall, the sinking was carried through n)ck to 
 its present depth. More water thin h;id been expocted was met before 
 attaining this depth, some (iOO gallons a mitmte having to be pumped. 
 Though this is unquestionably a large amount of water from a sinking 1*2 A 
 feet in diameter, it is not so great as to make it impossible to continue the 
 work ; it was, however, (juite sullicient to make the progress exceedingly 
 slow and the work very expensive. It was then, for sft 'oral reasons, decided 
 to stop operations and review the iuformation already had concerning the 
 expense of sinking by the lielgian, or KimlChaudron system, in which the 
 shaft is drilled out by gigantic drdls, and a tight cast-iron lining is sunk 
 from the surface till it passes the waterbearing beds, when a tight joint is 
 made with the rocks and the water in the shaft is pumped out. 
 
 This process, so simple in design, is very vlow and exceedingly costly. 
 Mr. Attrill is not to be deterred by any ordinary < xpense in his undertak- 
 ings ; but before investing so largo an amount as this calls for, it Avas deemed 
 prudent to consider the effect o\ recent discoveries of rock salt in the State 
 of New York upon the future markets for hi« products. The matter stands 
 here at the present time. 
 
 Since my connection with this enterprise my opportunity for becoming 
 actjuainted with the salt industry of both this country and Europe has 
 given me much information upon the subject, and a few words concerning the 
 importance of this enterprise to the i)ominion may not be amiss. In this 
 country where, owing to its high price, salt has not yet found any extended 
 use in manufacturing, except in making soap and glass, th3 consumption 
 amounts to about 50 pountls annnally per head of inhabitants, or, including 
 Oanada, a total of nearly one million tons a year. Were such magnificent 
 deposits as that at Goderich worked on a large and economical scale, the 
 consumption of its cheap product in the soda and other chemical manufac- 
 tories would add an enormous amount to even these large figures. The 
 Attrill shaft is designed and provided with the necessary machinery to raise 
 100 tons an hour from the depths of 1,100 to 1,200 feet ; or say 1,000 tons in 
 the usual working day, though in mine work it is possible to work both 
 night and day. What would l^e the value to the Dominion, and more particu- 
 larly to the town of (Joderioh and its vicinity, of the annual product of 
 even two or three hundred thousand tons of salt ? The expenditure for labor 
 and materials used would amount to fully one dollar a ton on the salt pro- 
 duced, while the handling and transportation of this product, whether by 
 land or water, would bring a further very important sum into the country. 
 If chemical works were established at ( Joderich for the purpose of manufac- 
 turing soda in its different forms, bleaching powder, &c., &c., the value of 
 the (xoc'erich Salt Mines to the Dominion, and more particularly to the town 
 itself, would have to bo measured by millions of dollars annually and they 
 would give steady and remunerative employment, directly or indirectly, to 
 thousands of persons. The Dominion has at the present time no enterprise 
 as beneKcial to its citiztus, and as important in its bearings, as would bo the 
 establishment of this salt industry on a large scale, such as Mr. Attrill pro- 
 posed. 
 
 
The importance of this enterprise to the Dominion must he my justifio- 
 tiou f(ir occupying so much of your valuable space. 
 Very reBpectfuUy, 
 
 UicMAHi) I*. lloTiiWKi.i.. Mining l^ngijiccr. 
 
 The NniiluUtaii Shafl. 
 
 (I''i(>in the Huron Signal, Nop. 37, ls:s.) 
 
 The Manhattan Salt Works isituatod in Colbornc township opposite 
 (lodcrich have already cost a large sum of money. It will rc(,uire a very 
 large outlay and the labour of a groat many men to complete them. Wo 
 are informed that Mr. Attrill is here just now, which fact has no doubt 
 BUggested a correspondent to send us a few lines ancnt the propriety of 
 giving a tangible expression to the value the people of (Joderich and C'olborne 
 place upon the completion of those works. There is no doubt that any 
 lifmus \\hich m.iy be urged as proper to give in aid of these works would 
 not be considereil as nsally necessary to ei.able the proprietor to continue 
 them. We would look upon the aid so given as a practical manner of ex- 
 hibiting to the enterprising proi)rietor our sympathy and appreciation of his 
 efforts iu developing the hidden mine of wealth which underlies (loderich 
 and vicinity. It might be well for ( '(dborne township and CJoderich town 
 and township, as they are immediately connected, to consider the suggestion 
 our correspondent throws out. We would like to see the subject talcen up 
 and discussed. If a bonus such as c(mld be atl'orded, would eusurej the 
 completion of such a prodigious enterprise, and puch completion can be 
 shown as of immense pecuniary advantage to the sections we have named, 
 there ought to be no difiiculty in having it granted. One thing about this 
 is that the proprietor, if once fully resolved to put it through, is of suliicieut 
 financial strength to do so. Any aid given would be as encouragement, not 
 as assistance. There ' 'ould be no hanging tire if the proprietijr could be 
 induced to go on. It a always well to deal with responsible persons ; any 
 guarantee given can then be relied on. 
 
 Slanlialtan Salt .lline. 
 
 {From the Uuron Siffnal, Dec, '.'■', 1S7H.) 
 
 There is a self-satisiiedness about mankind which it were well wo did not 
 possess. We are too prone to cast upon chance, circumstances or some other 
 intangible nothingness the blame which, very often, we should place upon 
 our own shoulders. This applies to humanity generally. And we are free 
 to say that the people of Goderich have indubitable claims to heing as 
 natural aa human nature. Here are we tiounderiug iu the ruts of forty 
 years ago regardless of the munificont provision an allwise Providence has 
 made for us. Unfortunately for Goderich its early inhabitants were not of 
 that class who had the clearheadedness to perceive the commercial advan- 
 tages the place really possess, d ; so that when we had the trade of the whole 
 of the counties of Iluvon, Perth, Bruce and part of Middlesex— (Joderich 
 listlessly allowed jieople to come and go. No attempt was made to centralize 
 trade here by industrial manufactures. We bought, sold and exchaiigcd ; 
 but we created nothing. Gradually inland towns arose to supply the wants 
 we had been ministering to, and we are left, if not to mourn our decadence, 
 to at least look upon our immobility with indifference. Of late years a very 
 important discovery of natural wealth has been found u^der our town ami 
 
t 
 
 vicinity. We allude to the doposits of salt. Mirny of oar citi/ens embarked 
 their moans in striving to tlevolono this buried treasure. For a time all 
 vtrent well, mechanics, teamsters, laborers, farmers, landlords, merchants, all 
 gloried in the good times, and better coming, rnfortunately for the town 
 the salt deposits were not contiaed to (todcrich, over production resulted and 
 ruin engnlphed some of our most enterprising uiti/ens. 
 
 Wo have yet the salt bcdn which are a mine of incalculable value if the 
 proper mode of working them is only adopted. Literally speaking, salt is of 
 universal use. In the reducing of various ores such as copper, etc., it is 
 much used. The Afonrfari/ Tiim.-i says: -"It is used in the manufacture of 
 glasd, and soap ; bleaching and baking powders ; sulphuric acid, etc. There 
 are still other uses in metallurgy aud the arts, which are readily found for 
 this product." The Tniifx, editorially says further: -"The remarkable ad 
 vantageous position of (ioderich would make it the centre of supply for the 
 great cities of the lakes — ( 'hicago alone using over 100,000 tons of salt a 
 year — and of the great farming and grazing lands of the far west, and the no 
 inconsiderable market of the metallurgical works in the Rocky Mountains 
 and on Lake Superior.'' 
 
 Now, the living (|uestion for the people of (Jodonch to take up is, shall 
 wo like men do all in our power to supply this market, this demand, or shall 
 we, like ingrates, throw back upon a boncHcent I'rovidonce the means io 
 enrich ourselves which have been placed within our reach? Old (Iradgrind 
 may come forward and say "oi doant want any more riches and oill keep 
 what ois got."' But we do not think Goderich has many (iradgrinds. Un- 
 fortunately for us the United States is our principal market. And now it 
 has been proven that there are rork salt beds in New York Stote. They 
 can be reached less expensively than the (Joderich salt beds can. Our 
 enterprising Mr. Attrill is negotiating with a company for the removal of his 
 plant from (Joderich to New Vork State to be there used. We shall be very 
 sorry to see Mr. Attrill abandon his iniiu! on the opposite side of the harbor. 
 Tha capital necessary to open and eijuip the mine would be about lii'2r)0,000. 
 An additional sum will be re(|u;re(l for working capital to carry on the busi- 
 ness Now, if we are correctly informed, this outlay might be retained here 
 if intelligent ettorts are put forth by our people. It is not the object of this 
 article to say what those efforts shall be; but we should be direlict in our 
 duty did we not point out the magnitude of the loss that is in prospect for us 
 if we are not up and doing. 
 
 From the best mining authority in the United States we glean the infor- 
 mation that Mr. Attrill is provided with the machinery to raise 100 tons of 
 salt per hour from a depth of 1,'JOO feet ; or say 1,000 tons in the usual 
 working day.- -It is calculated that the cost expended for labor and material 
 used, would be one dollar per ton. This would make a daily outlay in and 
 around (ioderich of a*t least .Sl,(X)0. Should it be possible to work night as 
 well as day, of course a double expenditure would be entailed. Then there 
 are many industries incidental to the salt business which would very 
 naturally take root here. 
 
 We again repeat that if any steps can be taken to ftirther the securing of 
 the outlay here named, it were well to take them. It needs no sophistical 
 pleading to show the benefits ot an enterprise like the Attrill mine ; 
 we have given figures which may be relied on. If these benefits are worth 
 having, they are worth paying for. The problem then to be solved would 
 be, how much would we have to pay? Let us look at the matter in a busi- 
 ness light and find out whether we cannot afford to make an investment 
 which shall redound to the enrichment of our citizens and the progress of 
 the v*'hole country. We will bo glad to have the views of ratepayers in 
 this matter. 
 
STATEMENT: 
 
 Shewing the Quantity and Value of Salt 
 
 Imjioi'ted at Canadian Ports Dui'ing 
 
 the Year 1877. 
 
 From V/hat Country. 
 
 ONTAKIO. 
 
 (iruat KriUiiii. 
 (lilted Stiitea. 
 
 TitiiirirOntnrio. 
 
 From What Country. 
 
 Biigli. 
 .'13,751 
 
 Value. 
 
 (i.4«0 
 
 :W4K.1 »7,.^01 
 
 MA.SITOIJA. 
 
 Oruat Britain. 
 I'nitcil Stutua 
 
 Total for Maiiitolm. 
 
 nuah. Value. 
 
 24 
 
 017 
 
 U41 
 
 $ 6 
 
 «5'.7 
 
 Vl'EBKC. Kush. \aliio. 
 
 <;rtmt Britiiiii 1,100,920 ♦117..VW 
 
 I iiited .SUMea 20,001 4,42r? 
 
 S|Miin -JS.no 2.018 
 
 l'..rtiiual l«,4r>0 W»l 
 
 ItiitiHli WuBt liiJies :!4,<i22 3,:{o:) 
 
 SiiulJi America 10,16'J 1>32 
 
 T.itul for (/uebet- l,222,5i)l *150,02fi 
 
 IJItlTI.SI! COLLMblA. 
 
 Croat HriLiin 
 
 I'liiteil StiitL-8 
 
 S^'iiiiwich liihituU 
 
 liusli. Valiiu. 
 
 22 45G 9» Oua 
 
 0.S18 2,(J4;i 
 
 2.i>00 f)'J6 
 
 Total for (JritUh Coluiiibi.v 31,774 ?«'.,St)l 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 Hush. 
 
 Value. 
 
 (;reat Britain 
 
 Lnil«d SUitus 
 
 Spain (i;J,4]7 
 
 I'ortiiLiil S4.!»2.S 
 
 ItritiHii Wt!«t Indies 31.S,4fi2 
 
 .Spanish West Indies 71,165 
 
 I reiK-li W«st Indies 181 ,«:?:• 
 
 Dutdi West Indies 32,02!) 
 
 St. Fitrre et Mitjuelon 70ii 
 
 lUitish Clniana. 
 
 Newfoundland 27,484 
 
 280, .512 $ 28,817 
 
 10.844 S.oao 
 
 5,;!:{4 
 
 5,!)08 
 
 31,434 
 
 4.008 
 
 i!t,08r. 
 
 3.377 
 200 
 175 
 
 4.272 
 
 1." 
 
 T»)tal for Nova Scotia. 
 
 . 1,0S.S,,50!) .■J10«i,»W 
 
 NKW BIUNSWICK, 
 
 • Jreat Britain 
 
 L'nitetl St^teu 
 
 I'ortuifal 
 
 british West Indies. 
 Diiteh West Indies. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 51,S,2S0 
 .5,304 
 4,020 
 1,080 
 2.850 
 
 \'alue. 
 ^i'59.917 
 
 2,2o;i 
 
 172 
 100 
 283 
 
 PKIXCK KDWARD ISL.\NI). Bush. 
 
 Croat Britain 170,409 
 
 Inited SUtos 10,034 
 
 British West Indies....- 3,787 
 
 St. I'icrie ut Miquolon 650 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 Oreat Britain 2, 
 
 I'nited Status 
 
 SjKiin 
 
 I'ortujjai , 
 
 British West Indies 
 
 Spani:ih West Indies 
 
 French West Indies 
 
 Dutch West Indies 
 
 British Uuisuia 
 
 Newfoundland 
 
 St. Pierre et Mi(|ueloii 
 
 Sandwich Islands 
 
 South Ameriea 
 
 Vulue. 
 
 11,743 
 (]42 
 302 
 100 
 
 Total for P. E. Island 185,740 *12,S47 
 
 Bush. Value. 
 
 ,112,410 
 
 $242,772 
 
 100,.S9S 
 
 20,0111 
 
 91,537 
 
 8,252 
 
 105 404 
 
 7,031 
 
 358,647 
 
 86,201 
 
 71,156 
 
 4, COS 
 
 181,03. 
 
 19,086 
 
 35,479 
 
 3,00J 
 
 1,753 
 
 175 
 
 27,484 
 
 4 272 
 
 1,250 
 
 300 
 
 2,500 
 
 525 
 
 10,359 
 
 932 
 
 TotAl for Mow liruiiswiek. . . 632,216 $02,796 Total tor Doiainiou 3,099,966 9347,49% 
 
7 
 
 STATEMENT: 
 
 Shewing the Quantity and Value of Salt 
 
 Exported at Canadian Ports During 
 
 the Year 1877. 
 
 To What Country. To What Country. 
 
 ONTAUIO. Hush Value. 
 
 I'll itcd States, CaniuliiU) 78fi,'.)73 $8I,44:{ 
 
 Not CaaadiHH «1,0&!> Vl.bir, 
 
 ToUl from Ontario 820,032 *03,!W« 
 
 QUEBEC. Bu8)i. Value. 
 
 (Tnitcd States, Canadian 3,(>2U '^880 
 
 " " Not Canadian 
 
 Newfoundland, Not Canadian 3,!>l:{ 782 
 
 Labrador, Not Canadian 4,21)1 044 
 
 Total from (ijucbcc 11,830 2,(M)0 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA. Bush. Value. 
 
 I'nitcfl .States, forci),M) 4,000 9 800 
 
 Newfoundland, forel{;n 74,362 ir>,277 
 
 Total from Nova Scotia 74,362 $iU,027 
 
 NEW BRUNSWICK. Bush. 
 
 United States, forei^rn 10,4(T) 
 
 Total from New BiunswicK. 10,4(K) 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 I nitcd States, foreij;n 
 
 Total from British Columbia 
 
 \^llue. 
 jil,(i9li 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Value. 
 
 li.i> 
 
 $W 
 
 ><1G« 
 
 t!*0 
 
 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. BuhIi. Value 
 
 ( 'nitcd States. foroiKn l>,l>(»} >i\ i:.0 
 
 Newfoundland, foreiirn 11,800 2,8!»7 
 
 Total from V. K. Island... 17,300 i?4.0i7 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. Bush. Value. 
 
 United States, Canadian 780 500 $ H2,V,2:\ 
 
 foreign (11,101 l<i,2ill 
 
 Newfoundland, foreign 80,i:<l 18,!KHi 
 
 Labrador, foreign 4,201 014 
 
 Total from Dominion U-11,216 il 18,434 
 
 
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