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L'Mcmplaira film4 fut rsproduit grie* * la 
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 BibiiotMqiM 
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>*Kaoeen hioujtkm tut omit 
 
 (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHAUT No. 2) 
 
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 •^^o'^r"*'' 
 
 CHERRY PRE-COOUNG POSSIBUJTIES 
 
 s^ 
 
 DbPARTMK.NT "F AuHULLILHi: 
 OfKICE Of TIIK 
 
 Dairy and Cold Stohauk Cojimissionkr, 
 
 Ottawa, Ont., August l«th, 1915, 
 
 During thp season of 1914 fruit shippen in thp Xiujiura district wen- facing a 
 large cherry crop and rather a noor market. A few Hhipments of sour cherries had 
 been made, in previous years, as far west as Winnipeg with indifferent results; some- 
 times the fruit arrived in a fair condition, but more commonly it showed a great deal 
 of waste. With this exfR-rience in their minds shipiH>rs in the (irimsby district were 
 reluctant to attempt further western shipment of such a |K'rishablc fruit even with pre- 
 cooling facilities available, and especially in the face of a large production and low 
 prices in the east. 
 
 In order to demonstrate the possibilities of pre-cooling and shipping sour cher- 
 ries to the Northwest, it was necessary for the Department to purchase a carload of 
 Montmorency cherries and make a pre-cooled shipment t.. Winnipeg. The detailed 
 results of this experimental shipment may be found in Vol. I, page tl20 of the Agri- 
 cultural Oaxette. It may be said here that the excellent condition of the pre-cooled 
 cherries upon arrival in Winnipeg sold them for '10 cents per «-nuart basket, whereas 
 ordinary shipments were selling in the same market for from 38 to 42 cents. 
 
 As a result of this demonstration of pre-cooling sour cherries for long distance 
 shipments, private shipments have been made this year to the extent of 108,057 
 pounds, taking with them 46,808 pounds of other tender fruits coming on at the 
 cherry season. 
 
 While the experimental shipment in 1914 showed clearly what might be done by 
 pre-cooling and shipping the Montmorency cherry to the Northwest, there were still 
 some misgivings about the Early Richmond, which is reputed to have poorer carrjing 
 qualities than the Montmorency. It was decided therefore to make a test shipment 
 with this variety, similar to that made with the Montmorency in 1914. The Depart- 
 ment purchased half a carload, the other half being made up by the Grimsby Fruit 
 Growers, Ltd., and the Winona Fruit Growers, Ltd. 
 
 One phase of the test related to packages best adapted to sour cherries. Those 
 used were the British Columbia 4-basket crate (warehouse pack), and the 6-quart 
 basket (warehouse pack) and the 6-quart basket, orchard pack. In order to teach 
 green packers how to pack the British Columbia 4-basket crate it was necessary to 
 use fruit picked on two days, July 2nd and 3rd. The fruit was cooled over Sunday 
 July 4th, loaded in the refrigerator car on the afternoon of July 5th, and left Grimsby 
 on the morning of July 6th. The bunkers received but 4 tons of ice in transit. The 
 car arrived in Winnipeg during the night of Sunday, July 11th. and was not opened 
 for distribution until Monday. July 12th. It will be seen that the Early Richmond 
 cherries were given a transportation test of ten days from time of picking. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Creelman, scientific assistant in transportation work, was in Winnipeg 
 to make an accurate inspection, and he reported the shipment to be in prime market 
 condition upon arrival. The fruit sold readily at 60 cents for the 6-(iuart basket and 
 $1.50 for the 4-ba8ket crates. (The British Columbia 4-basKet crate holds alxjut 20 
 pounds of cherries as against about 8 pounds in a 6-<iuart basket). X-^ difference 
 was found between the two pickings on different dnys. The fruit was ' as good a 
 market condition a? were the Montmorencies in 1014. 
 
 85566—1 
 
There it a great doubt anioiig fruit vruwer* a* to the " huldiug quality " uf pre- 
 cooled fruit after removal from the refrigerator car. Eipecially ba« the inquiry come 
 to us ai to whether pre-cooled chcrrien would utaiid re-«hipmeiit by expreM after the 
 refrigerator car had been opened at the larger dittributing point* in the prairie prov- 
 inoea. To teat thia out in a practical manner Mr. Cn man re-»hipped by ex|)re«» 
 from Winnipeg to Brandon a half-dozen 6-quart baiket^ and four 4-bu»ket cratei, and 
 inspected them in Brandon Tuesdiiy, July lilth. Tlw fruit was found to arrive in 
 ■plendid market condition and »old in Braiidou for 75 cent* per tt-iiuart basket and 
 ♦1.25 per 4-basket crate. A minute inspection after re-shipmcnt showed considerable 
 more actual waste in the fruit than there was upon withdrawal fmm the refrigerator 
 <'ar in Winnipeg, but this was not great enough to detract much from the market 
 condition. 
 
 In emphasizing the importance of the length of time clap«ing in this test between 
 the picking and the distribution of the cherries (ten days), it must be borne in mind 
 that the actuul time of the car between Grimsby, Ont., and Winnipeg, Man., wo» only 
 five and ono-half days, the rest of the time being required for re-packing, pre-cooling 
 and holding over two Sundays. 
 
 The test shows that Ontario sour cherries moy be successfully morketed by refri- 
 gerator freight in Edmonton, Alberta, since transportation companies have promised 
 a nine-day despatch to that city. Furthermore, the Brandon re-shipment test shows 
 the possibility of distributing Ontario Early lUchmond cherries to points in Alberta 
 as remote as Athabaska Landing. 
 
 While such distribution is a physical possibility, we may also look upon it a* an 
 economic possibility. The selling price of Montmorency cherries was 27 to 30 cen*.* 
 per 6-quart basket f.o.b. Ontario points. Transportation costs to Edmonton arc as 
 follows: Pre-cooling and loading, 1 cent; freight, 21 cents; ice. 2 cents. Thus cherries 
 could be laid down in Edmonton for 64 cents per 0-quart basket. 
 
 FREIGHT SHIPMENTS OF SWEET CHERRIES. 
 
 Included in the car with the Montmorency shipment were the foUowirg packages 
 filled with Black Tartarian cherries: — 
 
 2 24 t-quart Hallock strawberry crates, 
 
 2 24 full-pint Hallock strawberry crates and 
 
 2 4-ba8ket crates. 
 
 This trial shipment of pre-cooled sweet cherries by refrigerated freight proved a 
 complete success and a confirmation of our storage tests at Grimsby in 1914. 
 
 The cherries arrived in excellent condition and sold well. The 24 J-quart Hallock 
 crates sold for $4 each and the 24 full-pint Hallock crotes sold for $3.50 each, with 
 no sales record for the 4-ba8ket crates as they were checked out wth the sour cherries. 
 Splendid prices are realized in proirie markets for sweet cherries and by pre-cooling 
 and shipping in refrigerator cars by freight, transportation costs are more than cut in 
 
 The carload express rate from the Niagara Peninsula to Winnipeg is $2 per 100 
 pounds, while the freight rate is 66 cents, making a saving of $23S on one carload. 
 
 CONCLUSIONS. 
 
 Two outstandiiip features are to be noticed as a direct result of this work in the 
 pre-cooling of cherries; first, the relieving of eastern shippers of a surplus of sour 
 cherries; and second, the reduction of the cost of sour cherries in prime condition 
 to the consumers in Winnipeg and other western points. By the increased western 
 sales, shippers in the Grimsby district found difficulty in securing enough sour cher- 
 
riM to fill local onfen. whereat under old conditioin the reverM w«s the c«»e. By 
 the reduced co«t of trani.portatioii. it wm this leaton poteible to pUce in the h«vdi of 
 the Winnipeg houwkwjK.r, Montmorency cherrie* of the be»t quality of any that 
 arrived in that city at 50 ccnU per 6-quart ba«ket with .atlifactory return* to tb* 
 
 Aiidc from itrengthening local markctn. pre-cooling i* inert the western 
 
 demand for sour nhorric*. by reducing the coit to the con»umer. . uo cimt to the 
 prairie coniuroer it being reduced by having thipmentt arrive witnout want.-. The 
 demand for firtt quality fruit at a moderate price i« to great that in Winnipeg one 
 krgo retail ttore. placing a price of 50 cent* per package. M.;d 2.3:i:» baskets in thirty 
 minute*. During the pa»t teaton, the larger part of the pr« -coolwl nhipmeiit^ na<he.l 
 only the Winnipeg market. By reaching out to other wholetalc centre* in Manitoba 
 and Sankatchewan with prc-cooled cherry thipment*. wc !iavc very promising i>o»- 
 uibilitien of marketing our rapidly increasing production of »our cherries, with very 
 tatisfactory return* to the grower. 
 
 J. A. RUDDICK. 
 
 Commi$$ionjr. 
 
 EDWIN SMITH. 
 In Ckari/e Pre-cooling and Fruit 
 Trannportation Inventignlion*.