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This Mmd is fflmad at th* raduelion ratio dMotod below / Codo o i m irto«tllliii«outMucdor\7^«"^' Eosine as a counter-stain. o Av"*u ^''^ ^^""^ *''^^^ *o fl^'f minutes. 3. Wash in water. 4. Place in absolute alcohol to which a fpw *Ip«,.„ «f eosme have been added for one rn^n^te tissueTs thZ aJ hydrated and counter-stained at same time ' *•""' ^^• Oil o^a::;^^ ^he^s;:/:^^^---*^' ^-^^-t b: Mount in Canada Balsam. H„-^ V ^}^^^^» which have been kept in nreservinir fluids for a long period it is found very difficuU to stain b? teo,.d,nar3 method so that they require to be over Gain- ed for from five to seven, or even ten minutes then wash ammoni?^r"J r''" T^ «" ■•*''^"' ^««hed in water t aramoniated water and proceeded with in the ordinary In using the alum stains the tissues must bo w^n washed in water to remove the alum. '''^" Of deg:neraLTi!!'-"' '' '^^^^"'"^ *^^ ^^^^-^^ ^-'»- 1. CLOUDY SWELLING :-If to a cloudy degenera- II. FATTY I>K(}ENi:KATI()X :_,„) if j., „ ,„,,, , K) hudun III. ,i„,| ll,„.„iat(ixvlin ■_ Was", i'^.u'i'r'.'""" "' ""^"''"•" "."■■""t..«.vn„ . Htaii, Ave minutes in Kudan III, Mount in Famuit'8 solution or in jrlv.ei inc III. AMYLOID nE(}BL\EKATI()X (a) Stain in wealc solution of I<,dln,. to,- :i „,inntes. >\ ash m water . r««f„ a.tl';!il,.""" """"•"■ i" »•«*<"•. K'.-.-ri* ..,- Par- B,- „.fl.:<.,ed i,vi,t ti,;'",;L ,;■?»:,' T',".,:,",,;;','' t"V;' n«n.„,„,l„id a,-oas take on tl.e .anarv v..'lU,w L, '" min.lle,!"""' '" «-"'.vl""ilm. violW f„,. ,„,: «'»h4"wa't:r.'™' "■>'"-<«"l<"'<- »-'d »ol,m.«. 3Iount in Famint's solution ^ote that with all the differential stains fn,. fi. , KemMations the tissues are n.ounted dimt fn w .tl *' ' (•eriup or Farrant's solution. ' ^ "^* ' ■ ^ Stains for '• NERVOT'S MV«Ti?Af " mi l -nder that section ^^STEM will be deseribeu ^, ^' ?l«tey • XPI-A.MMATIOX. Ij followed l,.v ,1 ■li|,ii„||„„ „, „| „„. v..»,.|„ i, , " , Sir "' "^ ---- '^!:^^>::::r,x:^ mflamuintions ma.v terminate in :— '♦'stoied or the A. Resolution as described previously B. Organization or fibroid thiokeninir Thia f„i I). Gangrene due to intensity of virus and weakness I. Exudative inflammation alread.v desrribed. ubscJss;'''^''"*'' ''^««'»mation described under ulce. and III. Productive inflammation : The products nf in ammation are here represented entireh bv £ hvper-' plasm of connective tissue and the formation of JrinXt iranuhtToJ '' T'' '"''T'^'^ "»'*-' wounrhetnn^'bv fin ,*.H infl^' T "^ ''''"'^^•'' '"^ associated with loni; con- nmed inflammations, gout, rheumatism, alcohol an^l the ::z^::ir'"'''''^'''' "^" ^'^'^^"-' tub^rcmolrJandVct- HEALING WOUND. .ubs^lTbuni^^rciiirr^r^^^^ « niments, and the edges of the inciSon are brou^f o' ^r/vmoh' 2r '^ '.r ^l,'^'^* exudation of in, am- U^,V 'X r"°' ^^^'« ^^' flrsTi^ention "Tlh"^;' s loss of substance, as when the wound is caused b^ bruising or by a blunt instrument, then there is no .?dh/ sion of the edges of the wound, but rather theJanT^ mi..; "P by an exudation of fibrinous Ivmph The ?ef s of the api llary walls in the neighborhood of the wound d vide 1 >op • w^^^^ ""''T '""^ ^"""'"•'•^- ^''-" off form solid vo««els intercommunicate from ^s?detoS The%W t:;: Ss^o""?S?"-^' '^^«™^ trrnlUfed ill' a'duTt K fci!i ; T^'^ connective tissue later undergoes thf vesse s TheJ^i ^'*^'"?'°^ ^"^ destroying man^Tf vSnZ IV ,. ^ ^''''^^ **^ "ew vessels with their en- rXn on the sTf"^ ^-"« ^o™ the granulationrwhicli UH seen on the surface of a granu atinc wound On +1,^ .km surface the epidermU i, replaced bf TZpie la,",".f neither hair foIMHer nor ^S'' f* ^'^^ ^''"*'' *'«"^="°« periphery towards the ?eitrev' '"''"! -^'-T ^''^"' ^^^^ Koes on the ed-es of th! ! ,^ •'i^atricial contraction apposition fand^h„«tW«?'^ ^'^ ^''"»»^'''t 'n^« ''''^^r as eompa?;rwith tL J.rnf%^r''"^^".'""'"^ puieu \iun tue size of the original wound. " T LCER " OP SKIN. ^estfo';:d/tt'L'nrn!r"fi,,.^^^ ^'-^ - Because of the preCmpnfM^^ ^^'''"""^ '.^'"P^'- surrounding ves^seTsdiUe nnd ?'' ^'^h their toxincs, the the exudatf causTng dSt;g,^'tiorof'Se'k""'^'^ Z"*" forms in its place, a' mass of^L:!rti?tL^ throughmirof ftbrousTksn. r!. '! .7^"'^"^ proliferation "^e eiiiderL-s haJToliferr^^^^ "'-••' subcutaneous tissue in'SlngtllrpSLs.^^" ^"^^ " ABSCESS." disintegrate oL[nrpur"lisTh ''"'"1" P''««^^rate and serum and flbr™ mav lion fv fn -^^^ ^Of^^thov with the debris in the c"ntVeS,s\^T!;VH""-\" ™^"" «^ "n»id vessels are surrounieS V- Hr^P Periphery the congested which proliferate ranidlv- il^ numbers of fibroblasts posit o, ,™e .a,t.i„/„\;!';,Zt^'i-"^;r: a"iw„Tr:„t- " GANGRENE." vessels become eont^^^^^^^^ *'"« «•'•'" tl'^ The whole^? the Ss e whtr'"*!i ^ ""** "' demarcation, .rosis «loughs off ei ise „ H t^^^ 'oagulatio., ne- l«eal as an ord?nan ^Ice, ' ?n 't '"^ '"'•^«^*^ "^«.^' t»'en hites the .a„,e prJ^es^takes J^aee "' '""^ ''"'•"^^^- ALIMEXTABY TRACT. LIVER. " LIVER "_c-|ou(l.y Swelling. MACROSCOPIC ^ VAI • T ivo.. I " '-"'EK ••-Fatt.v inliltmtio;!. ,1,1 S^nif ;J:""*^™'?^' ■-"" '^""' *«'' '■■<'«•'■"' ^"/ ^'^am five nimiues in Sudan ilT tJ EMoTorr' ""■"'"'• "» '""■"' '" ^«™- -"♦■<>» ETIOLOG'l :-8„m.ti,„e8 physiologic, over eatiug MICUOHCOPK'VL FVWf. x- * fat in peripheral cellH „f inhni •";*"' *'''*'"^ '^^'I*"'^'^ "<' ■•UVEK--P,,,,,. l)^B..,„.™ti„„. tile cells *" " ^'"^'' '^"'" "' ""^ "'^'>"t *»'- ""^'-"H cl^ "LIVEI! "— Amyloid Defeneration. n,ed^^=^;-^i^^e--,s,^tr^f^ erated areas take no nuclear st-iin k.,<^ • , :, "*^"*" bmk ground s,„i„ of Eo» n wl l'" ,',,, I "'?''i,"':.'''°'' «t.,in« wen Wi„, above ,pe,.,„, :XS .^^ j:';^-- «1 areas take on .vddish.violet stain, while the heaithv {) ti8«ue takes «„ « blue or violet «taln. Fro.u Hwellln.r and dH^enerat.o,, of .apillarv walln. the Iieimti,. .ellH lu twee thene veHHelH are .cnpieHHed. and thiv ia turn hv'ro, , nxHtA of Anivloid dejreneiatioM of the Liver MACKOSCOIMC EXAM r-Or^an enlarged Hurfa.e pale colored with Hon.e irregular veinin^ of a pearlv- ^^1ute c^lor. If a Holution of Iodine be pou.vd over . o or"whii: t^r -'•"•^•'•••^— ^"^'' - » nlalM^anv-brown «olo , ^.h,le the 8urro«ndinK tinsne is of a .vellowish .olor. In the Liver jreneraiiy thin Ani.vloid proresH beijinH in the Hmallest eapiharieH, i.e.. about the middle <,f the lobul,' "LIVER"— PasMive Coajrewtion. (Xntnjejr Liver.) witl.*im?«!'^^*'^' :- Valvular dinease of heart, pericarditis Hith eff«8,on, emphvsenia and all conditions leadin,; t<. inereaHed pressure in the inferior v na eaiva. t....'."r"'''-'''^*''''''^ ^-^AM :-l,ilated ."entral or in- tralobular vein with a like .ondition of its surroundi L eapUlaries. These are tilled with blood, and the |1 o^ «ells n the inimednife nei^ri.borhood of central vein ire a rophied and contain granules of brownish pi« ucm. . P aces hese evils arc^ entirely replaced by a libmus t ssu espena ly ,n advanced oases. (Vlls of peripherv of c,-' bules show more or less fattv infiltration " MACROSCOPIC EXAM:-Orp„. enlargc-d, (in earlv Hta^es, atrcjphieci in later stage, deep colore.! and t^r . On section, hver bleeds freely, mottled, like a nutmeg i e deep red c-entre from dilated vein and c-apillaries, oute'; /-(.ne of lobule is yel.owish from fatty infiltration. In ad vancj'd cases, organ is firm and fibroid. *• LH'ER "-Portal Cirrhosis (Syn.) Atrophic Cirrhosis. "GIX DRIXKERS LIVER," Hobnail Liver. ETIOLOGY :-Supposedly to toxines or chemical ir- patic cells, assocmted with an increased number of bac- 10 AIACKOKCOPIC FV \Af . f •■ f.IVKR ••— H,V|».iti-oiiliic Ciiphosia. war "we7 ""•'" '" """"""■ '"■■"• ■"""' "-l"-"' i" tU-uewSl'T*' ■;=■>'," ■-''"""'■"">"« Of cnneHive «is»iie ^iiuii m nionolo HI ar in - ^'> tnbe.ulosis arc sen ' it, r "' r^"" '^J"^" ^"^ ''"^ ^° their meshes ui s(en YMth the small round cells, lar«e avoid cells l,.,v .West,,! ;:,„',"*'""%'''■".'■''■''''''''' •>■'• •"" '"™«'ion cf „.'w i;} MACllOSCOPICAL EXAM:-H,nall ^.-viKh n«dule« either in capsule or in the liver imrenchyma. Those soon become caseuted and pigmented by bile pigment. "LIVER"— Abscess. ETIOLOGY :-In tropical climates as a «I- lobule is n ^olved-Hsually only outer two-thirds, the inner third be- ing mtiltrated with fat. By this preparation, the iron as- sumes a Prussian blue color. MACROS. EXAM :-Organ very pale colored or brownish-yellow and fatty. 14 " LIVER "-Periheimtitis (ZuckeiKUHslebr «f Cumh- raann). ETIOLOGY :-A88oeiated with Cirrhosis nf m, eluona. peritonitis and espec-ially svpllilir ' ' "'"'' into Parenchynaaiolrai'^^adin''". "/*'"•'*'« -^-^-^' and doKenenition of cells ** pressure atrophy Orpin at times compressed. ** "'" " r.n-ER "—Hydatid or Eehinococcus Cyst. ETIOLOGY .-Taenia Echinoooccus. MICROSCOPICAL EX\MI\ \Tinv n.. composed of laminat/- ' - of ;\Tit?.;~^'''' ^?^" '^ to its inner surface iip h * * ^.^ *'^^"^5 adherent lets (daughter c^sts\ "tC "i ^^ «^o»<^es or their hook- ^« inner parenehyma^J^ f^^^; ''^ c^tS^rlfUid^" PANCREAS. "I'ANCREAS "-Fat-necrosis. 16 calcareous .„|,s, He™ „. „.a,„„„r „an.l„,.„? I'Z . ' •• I'AXCKEAW "-Acute Haeuioiil.agic- Paneieatitta nr„rrj;Xar„\.:i-r:r^^ ^io ^;^^':^^^^' ^^'"^^i -Ory;nn swollen and haemorrha- Rie, lobules enlarged with cor.preHsion of interlo^Llar '• PANCREAS "-Acute Suppurative Pancreatitis. ETIOLOGY :-Extensiou of suppurative processes ough ducts or fron. neighboring organs, e.gJpoXaT MICROS. EXAM :-As in haeniorrhagic form vou may get haenu,rrhagi<. infiltration in small or large^^rer MACROS. EXAM ^-Orpm enlaifted, softened witi, areas of aecro.te. wi.ole or^au mavVVom, ,"elv" c-erated fr„„, m.ppuratiou and paurrealie di^es^ ,„ ■ 16 PANCREAS"— (hr onic Indunitive or Ciirlu.tif Pan*' atieig. it». ratty dt'KciKMation of cellH fi-..nii..nHv ... '"'*'*'. "'"' imn^^lna P M "^ ''"""'"•^iv,. tiss,.,- th.oa^l.out imnmhjnm. Po8Hibl.v i-ynU tInouKl.out oijrau. GASTKO INTESTINAL TI{A(T. " STOMACH "-Acute Catarrhal Enteritis .>a.t™^:!:!^tr'-"^^'"' "•-"-•''-' ^'-- ana MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION : _ Cvlindri. -,1 •ound c-Hls these ,.ens ma.v extend into subn.nedr T ' 1 m\cros^o^^^^^^^^^^^ I' '•""^'" "^^^''^ •" ^'- "— • MA( ROS( OPICAL EXAMINATION : _ Mueous •nembrane reddened, possibly haeniorrhajjic (if very sJv ^.-e) and covered with thick layer of tenaHous nnuus. "STOMACH "-Chronic Catarrhal Gastritis. ETIOLOGY .-Continued or repeated acute attacks, ^':tzz^',j!!^t^^P^ •HI- will, |.rolif..r i,J ' "' "'•'•'''■"'■'■'''I"" "' .•.>li,Hl,.|,„| "' .i.e ,uh,.i',.,., ,..ii:'ki ';;;;'';,"' t"-'"""" ■yolir. .I„.i,- |,„„i„„ l„.i„u I .;, „','" «'""'", ""i.v l"-"n„. ">"l ""l."«; I,,,,.,- ,1„. L ml- ,1 " " '■' ' •'"" j" ■>«• ."-"M-.m,,,; :' ' :;;;;:;;■ ■""""-■'v'-' ^"■■;- ll"> nluouM ti-„„. „l,i,- 1,^,. I "'""•''\""<<^>»K ill.-.-,-,,-,. „f '■""'«) will, „■!.„„ .,.,?-,""'•";"■' ■'." "'''*'•'■ •'" ""• <„«t„ „„„• |,„ .t".„,..,'" ""• "iK'i'-titial r,„.,i, .V ointnu'ted. ""' ""' »'B«n may be maik..(li •'™»'-^<'»"-I'.-|>tl.o,.Uo„„dl-,eo,.. -l.X.._AHfo,.An.vloidLiv,M.. AHK.M.,af,Ml with ani.vlnld ilouvuvuMiuu of ..ti. . "IXTKSTIXKK'-TvplH.id. umm/;!!''"' =-»"«iHuH Tvphi Abdo.„i„aliH. 19 *'^age there is swel n. " H. r ''""'• ^" *''^ "''^^ patches fornnnrdisH- .•'.'•■ ^"""^^ ^""' l'*'.^-^''« Of bowel; the^.':^ 'o e r;*;^: Kvrr '""-» patches ,nav ulcerate til '^oks pale. Later these '^-P»' ^'^n-tio^; ;;;,.^'' , :;i::^^, ! -i"^ tl. areas of axis correspondinj; to that < f owe T. 7'''" '"^"* '•^"^' ««'ddish aud iflisteuin.r !JVl\ ^'•♦' ''ase is smooth. ^unedand•'■ - •■ IXTKSTI.NE-S ■•_T„1„.,,.,„.„. fUeraHo,,. nodule. ,n„v 'x. 'rf C '.;,;;!,k'''-''' ""'' «'"'"""■■ '""-e snbsemns lv„,„l,. fi, 7 ■"'■">".> and „,f„ nin«,ulaii,. In ■nn.v be ir,',,,; " "'""""■ '"^"■""^ '""<'-»l'"- ""dnle, ^ *nd da..,, a^r;;/,;:: „ ^':s■'; ™»3 n".'»^« ■- ma.v have the followin.- ehnnoie, ,'■ t^ '''"''"''« down, f«™,ed by the <.hv,,la,. m ,,",H7Av;r?''' "'r' "'"'* ''' '-: .'.e ed«e. a.. I.oaped ..;;'b'n;";;lVVnZ';;rdr;ie;r 20 Jong ;ixi8 extends arouiul tlie bowel in t.. Ivuiplmties. Sometimes t„ . ^'"' "*'*"'''<' "^ <'"' the bowel wit!, L k e.l T' '"''''" ""'"'''•^ '"".^- ♦'»"•'''•••'" tlH.n., thus g nl' htm s "m "^ "' """■"^^' separating 'Inlc's in the s bse ' „s hn i"' ^'I'I«'a.anvse„te.vN-. cian^r^:;;/,;;::;;;;--'--- A.e.,ses,.e. .Afay get petechial j,.,,. " INTESTINES "-A„,vl„i., n,.«..„,.,.„,i„,, of tlio watorv dianl.o,.,,. ' ^ "'"■" ""' '•^"""' ••ration of mus.le cells. ^ ''^'''•' ""^ '^^«'^°- MACROSCOPICAL EXAMIX VTIOX • Vt i msmm ■'■V1TEX,.,XVE«.M,P„H,,„.._.,,„„.„^,...,.^ ^-.-iallv those o;U 'I ;t ;■"''"''"." ''' ^■*""''^' '''"'""•••'•'''>«<'s if .-ondition'is v.M V s mV,-!!''- ■ t/* ^"'""^''^*' '"i»y pass on to an ulcM-.tiv,. fv •. • ''"' 1"''"'''«» ••""selv intilfatcd wi,]. „„s . ' Is Tl,,: , , * '^"^^ ••"- '•"1 Off f,.„ni tlu-onihosis of .... r •"'<''"" supply is Apua tl.oro nv ■ '^;'"f '"'->s appcMulintis). •'•'^^•'....•ation of n. r s. V " '" ";''' ''^•""''•^' ^'"'^ RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. LUXGS. Acute Pleuiitis (Pleniisy). ' . ^^^''^f in Pneumonia, and a.-ronipanyin^ it. «.iai la er, aiv consisted w^^"'^^^^ '" ^''•' ""P^"'- r.vtes around them On tl e In f '^"'^ ^-^"dation of leuoo- «l«oi.bod and thH wh(,Je ox id , . 1 . ^'"' ""''' l*'"'^ «« '•onnootive tissue. ^-^''^ato thus Ihhuuws o.j.a..i,ed MACKOS. EX V.M —I,, ti al surfac. With so.. ..1 I '^"•"'" «'"<' opacitv of ;,|,.,„.. brane which can ^ 10 d h V " T'"^'"'' "'""I"'* '""">- pleural surface. So ,n nn •..rs?.?'"'' ""' '''^* -"«l'<'nod ••»vity. In tho Hta« of m.,: ' T- '"''"V"^ '" ^'^^^ P'*^'"-a« white fflistonin^^ S>„f, S,!^ '•« a donso ^a.e of phM„.a, ami bo p • ' r "Vvf '^ '"^ '"" ^'"- bound to-othoi- oitlior • « . ' ^"■*''"' '•'.^'^'''^ mavbe by thin b^nds Of «bn>„rt;;";.r''"''*"" "■^- ^"•^' -• '--'^ TubeiTulai- Plouiisy, Tho pi'ocoss lioio ist lii-oii- *^ I prinripalfoaturosb^iL^ht!' ^"^ ''' '''•'''^"••' ^»''. tho eninjr of tho n.o ub^ ie^wt ^ r'' T'^'^''- '^^ ^^'^^'^ tluok: •-tion as in tubo.Ssii'^f ^x?':;;!;;!;:^ ^'"^ '•• " ^- " LUNG "-.Acute Isobar, ^Fibnnous o.- r.oupous Pnou- infec™'''^''''^^ ^-Exposure to cold with Pnoumoco.cus The folowin^. four stages may bo roco^ni^od :- 1st stage.— Consostion. -nd. stase.-Itod Hepatization. 4th' ' ^'^-l''*^-^' Hepatization. 4th. stage.— Rosolutiou. " r^rxo "-Congestion. MICROS. EXAM .-Vessels through out lung are •an be well neiu /, i... ^' '"*-""*"'" '"'" "'^""'i -vImH «v(l blocd .hIh „1 s ' ^^.^^i t^ «*:I'«'<1 inflltrati,,,.. Son.o of air 8ar8 Hwnll i ,' '"^" ""• •«■"«• Kpirlu-Iial .His s.ua;n^;;;;^S';;i;;:;;;;;|^;{-;^--"^i"K a„<,. i„ „,.....,, ^e. .M.H Of dorp rod 'olo ^hn^hf r"^i""' somewhat oodomat- floats in water "' '"* «"''f»^e. Section "LUNG"-Ked Hepatization. MICROS. EX \M —I,, fi.jo f-avitios are filled m. win ti /ir'"-"'" "^^'' ^''-'r air •'-Ik is fornu"l ,^ c- , r,n ,/'i^ fo lowmf, exudate :-The and still foMor larjro epi holi- r -Vll t'-^''"'' '*;'""'><«'^ pletelv tills and distemi^ Vi J • ^'"*' <'X"«" <•""- i.i.«.a. portion "™;pis>'' ,;';7''''s.';r'T ""''*"•^- 24 MACROS. ].]\ V M . m. •milrnjil ran |„. h(i-ii„.,i ...v . '"" "•"» |»iii iiN'iit V">y nnvlv ,ha, ol.,! 'l'^ I'' /;V7'-''"'-'. ''•''-. >H i< is ;!'i ^*r,„..s of ,1... wis,^.s," A ,; '^, ;;.:i;7'''''''' 'i- ^vpi• ";•' P">*>«>-n^' inio il.al of ;,,v' h rnVl / in T" '"'I""'/-" M-.nsv p,.o„vss.s Win. T,..:Vz;:;:;;^;:'!; ••;;'•-;■'• '''"•■ ••LrX(; •'-Shi^M. „f KcsohKiuri. -MK'KOS J':\ \M . Ti. 1 tlH' alv.M.li. llns , „J i' '^""'■^"'f^' f''»". llH. walls of •'•••'-. am, fan..iion is Jm^pI:^:;;';!^;;;^ Hion.hi A,ut.. ('a„„,.l,al HronH.itis KTIOUXJV.— AI(-ish.« „., ♦'xposme to rold. ' ^>lioo,„„KMon;r|,. i„n,„.„zn. Hnu,ifI!,,lnd't,^^,^iJJ,ii-;;|;;;;;''-.^^ '■"••'' I" ""'"V .asos/ /m :^ ,.n r ri'.t .H.al li„in^. ,vlls »••<' •l<*sqMan.atinL. T •:,*?.""' Clirnnjc C'l+Mj-f-iiM! /< ^ - • <'H llMni-,lim- .liMvj.H,. '"*"•"*•"• •'"^'"" v.-u.m* ru„n.s,io„ «;M.lMna, Ik..,. ,lu. fonn of ,,„ npin oils |l|||-s ii, I.I .>,„lii, •Is (<"ll|-Sl||l,.MI.Il's ■• fJXii •• |.;iii|,|,vs,.„iji. r' "-'"" A.-';:';:i;:;;jr'r;; ^»' ■ ■■'•• ■■'.■ <-l.iiii;j,.. '• i«»>'iH. and lis a i]m-iis:h...-.v <..,.. ....lav.,. ' ;' ""i!|':^- ."'-•'■^'-'- 'i.,.v ,.;;, *'"• '''^•'■••''"- walls i';. "';^'''";^>* •<• |..-..ss..n. of p''''-s ui",' t !:^^^^ ""•' "'-'-«. -Hi i . -i.i.'-ir., ah. !-l::;;:;!: -n if, ';,;;:';;::''';''■"-•'' ''--^ «J"«* t., ,,..„.tial ,....,,I,v„, ... ' ••nn.|K..,safo.-v for.,, is "» assoJiat..,, a,/;M-;oi:i";;s;s ""^- '"" ^•-'•.-..mv ...v. -IP'M ami apin-s ,w ,i^r. '*^' '":'' "'••'"•' ^'•'"•"i'-us, "i«' l.^l.t in o!,,. n. V. '".""•'^ inv(.lv,.,l. an.l .b.-so '''1... s,M,il,. fo., , sJ,o«r nr, . ' .'d' ''''''^'- ^.'■""' "'♦' '"•'>'"•'"• "LrNG"_(V,|lapso. piniial (aMtv. pln-,r,ns of bronchi. 26 (aStJ£);''^' ^•^^"' ^-^ "> -«'^'.v new horn infants of interstitial Sue oV/ZKr^* n '''''': "^ ^^ ««"" '"»«« bular septa. In tLt^eont 7""' r'^'' *''^' '"^♦''''o- 'ininj,' ^> if" vesicle" e no, 'f,V.? """?' ^''V ^I>'t''e»«l cells those who have breathed b t Kr''''^ ""'' "''"^*"*^*^ "^ '« «hai,e. and occunv V I-re .^m / ^'T-'' '"''' '»"'"'' ^uboidal in times purplish, flrni fi^sh Jn"^' '' f*'^* ""'"'•^*^' «*»'"^- water. ' ' "^^''■^' non-crepitant and sinks in "LrNG"_Lobnlar, Catarrhal or Broneho Pnenn.onia. ETIOLOGY .—T'suallv fnii»x,. more espec-iallv the c api 1 n-v tnn' T'- ' ^V""'''^^'«' '"^ M;"k^'V^^^''^'^ '- -i in mea^Lr ^""•""^"•'^- ^- »;tance are ^om!^ .^^J'^!;^- of the l„n« snb- distribution of certain bronddThpr'''^''*""^ ''"''^' '^'^ acute bronchitis. The einn' J " • ^ '' '^ ''" associated is catarrhal in tvpe i e it L '^ .». '"'^''f ^."^^ ^*^''»^' «^''i"<»n« numbers of hirge epi^^e 1,1^/^?'''^ ''^ '""•"« ^•^'^ '^"'g^^ ^^Pithelium) witfleToev eJ an ^ ^'■"'" '"''°^' neighboring alveoli'.hoNv Lnu de^-ee of"*' '^"^- ^''^ emphysema. atj?iee of comi)ensatory MACROS. EX \Ar — oni,- ^ * • the lungs are involvedl-t?, 1^. T/'n'ourh "' J^';"'"^ ^'^ face of the lung as deei, i, nliri " "* ^.'-''""^ ^''*' ^"i"- Pitant, firm and sink iVVS'^'C'^f' '''"•'' ''"''' """'•'•^'- aceompanied bv pleurisy "" '^ »«* usually " T^^-^'G "-Chronic Venous Congestion, or Urown Induration. Cardiac Lun< '" be beaded Sr va L.e it ,17 ?'' ""'I"' *""■>■ '''PP*'" .ed, and in fhem there U a eon.n m *""' "«■ ""'•k''''- 27 cleated cells in nmn ^ v .1, 'T "'^" ""'""^ nuiltMiu. en-brown pi«nient r-u.di.w , ''*'''*^ '** " ^^'l'"«'t '•f ^'''W- ai-e iny red bIa ;<';«. The'S,,,l' !n th "T '"/^^ ^'^^^'^^ are K.xckened from HI.i-.n.« t:. . i *''^ alveolar walls eells lining a veo a" r Zid.'?"'* i"'^''^*;^'^^""- Kpithelial cosa 18 contrested with .... T* ^'" '"«>a'»''' amount of frothy scM-um ev... J "'"'' "'^l'*'*- ^^ ^''^'e i« crepitant ancfle^Vio "tl^^ 'ij^^^^^^^^^ ^'jr-- . Z^"^' -a congested, oedenn.tous, fZX^ ^.^^^:i' ^::Z "LrXG "-Infarct. (See Infarct of Kidney). tincS;^^'j^-~^'^S\.o.n;''"" "'"^" "'"^^ ^--^ '•hroni,. pleuritic eflusioll ^^'"I""^^«'«" "^ 1""^, as from tive tissue frame woH- nfth^Y}. :— The connec veoli show Sed rtl>rou^J oHf""* •'''^* ^^'"'^ '^^ '''^' «>" contraction, obstruct n - nd n^ 'I "*" ^^'^'' eicatycial air vesicles If it is d'ue to nn "V".^' ^''" '"*«"''" 'i"*l exudate, then new ca„n ries "rlT"'"^'''" ''^ " «^^''"^»"« date, with later prSra^n of fihrr T '"^« ^''' ^■^"■ va.e the - JsSail!- J^^^^^ ^/^^^^^^^ 28 dilated (hronel.i,."ta;ys)! '' '^•'^'" 1""'^'""« ^«-<<»'"'»^ or than nonnal. tinn and huIh. "p^^^^^ ^""•"■ thickened and densely adherentT, .H.t i . ''^ ''''*'"'*" tissue at border enn.hvs " •. „s ^* '''" "'j!^' '•«>♦*'• I^nng and fibrous: i.l.Mn-iti.i /..'.! i , " ''*'*'^'''" *''*'^"^ '« tinn i"toIun.ti;^,^a,:M md'o^^hUi^r'T';"^-^^ ^••'••" '* tissue. (\ivities .i;. i • . i^""'' J'''"^teninf,' (on.ie.tive <»^' the "LL.\U"_Pneumono-Konio8es or J)ust Diseases, ant ^^"^^'^^ES :_The following are the n.ost nuport- .!• -).»;'"'.««-"«is or Coal-Miner's Phthisis .. S.I.eos.s. rhalieosis or Stone-Mas, fs Phthisis •3. S.deros.s, or Xeedle-CJrinder's Phlhisis 1— AXTHIUCOSIS. dust™''h;^„'|^^^ '~^^'' h,n«-continued inhalation of coal pigment is found in tl . fo^i!: • "^^'^ ■ ~ < oal blaek toralveolar a, d inteil L! " ''■'".^' Positions, vi^.: ]„ ,i,e in- ^'Pithelial or >h ^o.- ^Vi"^,, T '"wV'-'.?' '"^-'"^^'^^ '" *h« haled it is bro " ht bV t . ni. . I' ^'"V l'i^'""'»t is in- spaces in the abl^^ll'n.ent ei a J!;?' l^d'^H ''^ '""P'' «'d along these simces nnVi ^li " '^ t''^" deposit These irritatinfT^ Sdes produee'n"""'^^''^ '''''''' ' ■^"«- tion with vimsToJiion Zf fibroblastic with thi^-keninsot^ho J- 1 s of th?h,""^J''''''^'' ^'""•^'^'^n the intinia beeVunes "hi keno-1 /i ^ "^""^ ''''''^'*'- ^^'l'^" loses its nutritivrAiimh r^^ ^•"'"*^. ^''"^ deposited Of these fibrouV 3lL '""nSrosrSTir^^ ^"^''•^•^■ then are recotrnized hv tiw.;.. ^ -^ ^^^^^^ "'"^as -e. The bronchi «how a ^m^^'^^l^.S^ ■- ^- 29 MACROSCOPICAL EX. VMI V vtu.v Tl... „,„„o ,.|„uk™ t k 1,,, ', "'■'■'','"•':'< l'ii-'"-"t„ti,„., "ile«, ..Hpe.iallv the fo •,,,., V.i .l;<''il'l»liiliiiil fis '•aseous. "'H'" .mu noioid, ticiucntlj -• ^"^K'OSIH. .{. SIDEROSIS. the P^nu:;:;' i«'uf!!^s/'-- '>"t far inoiv brittle and rr t .tin- ». I»«««-ti.l«'s boinj; "■'O'™'- --:■'; --.:H;.!;;7S'-;i;r;!:;:::™ " LCXCr'-Dissen.inatod MHiary Tab,Mrulosis. over tl.e mnface of Uxl ^uu^^lr^hZ^U^ '' "T ^'"'^^'^'•^'^l ish masses about the ni/ Jf si .?n « /?^"''"'*^"^ ^''•^>- Innf; tissue is red ^ Z.^Le tlu!^ ' ''"' ;"^'''-^'*'"'»« throughout the luuV If t ^e^ mt'of n„";^' ?'" "''"'^.^^^^ fhen thev are -eneAllv Ji<^^,,Mf?>H v '^''f'"»/oKinous oripn bron..hof;enie o i^i u^ ^n^^^^^^ ''"' '''""''''• ■■^" ^^ '•ertain bronchi \VhertLv .1 ' '^f '''""'"-'^*^ "''out Pjeuris, they are ^ulmted*^ d:;::;:'^^ !:i '"JT;'""'''"^ along the interlobular septa. ' I'ienra and " LTJXG "—Chronic Tuberculosis with Cavitation. stainins ™»<-o,« n.aterial; the .eSpmZfn, T,'- """■ »-.e „,a, .,av. been expeo,„™ted, leavin'^^r^.^/JI'Tpa": .•50 with uit-a of H.inouuding caHeation i,. ti. thiH niHvatUm there are m.riVh.n? „ ^" !''*' I'^''''PIhm-.v of ill the Liver) with a mule mo f ' ' '"''■'*"''-^' ^^^'^''ibed "UU end..th(.|ia! Vis V t' ' ''':"^'"" "' «'"»il •ound •a.ve-i. there i« a wel „uu*k h1 .-oMf "'T"' ^'"''^ "^ ^"i« be iiitlltrated Vvith n.e na ts fo , I ' '""''V^"* *'"'*"" '"".^ K.aunh,r inasn. New tube rle« !,"*-'," ^''^'t^'^^' «**•'""'« the lunj,, esiKMiallv i. tt p .=1^^ L ;r J"'''"^ throughout interlobuh.r Jvn.phati.s ,nd i. 'i »'^''''^'^«^"lai- "nd « »"«1. latter u-ienlbm e ;,how« „ t^^/ tiT'' . "' .^^'^•"••*' "'♦^iit. The iiiterveiiinLr l.in.r """^♦'♦^ tubercular involve- •ouKolidated, prod (S immi ,'"* ^''^'I'^'ntly beronies "louir phthisii ^^ '""*^'*'"" '^»«^" »« acute p„ou- (leusely adherent to chest w,, II pi \; ~ ^^""« '» P't'HontK on its surface bluish ';.,noi'-";'" ^''•^•'^^•"*'J ^'nd section, the ploura'is Sd mu I i\"\""*J"!"«N >vhile on f 11 '-..^ed'^^l^t's' a di^^S ^ :••-,-? ".« "- thicken- which is deeply piuniented I . ./''* '""**'* »"'face .»i^*io«« bands: .on" spond^nir to .T *'"* '"y'^"''^ '•'** »»■ lobular septa, ^'ivin^ ? " c^t'itv .. ^'.'^ ''^""^'^ «"^ inter- aiH-*^. Around thete caM*}. I'' / ''""r.v<-«"'bed appear- Hbrous <.aps„le. The .ont 4 s .f '•. *' ^'"" '""''^^♦l ij^ed connective tissue oithlv, k '*?'"'^-'' '"•'•^' *«* «'«an- salts fo,.n.in, !"ca;e"ul'"Lduie'' "t^^^^^ l.v>npli fflands are enlarged ilurn^JJl' i ''i^ P<^"broncInal i" a general pvaem^ «; f r^m'"? ''*' "^^ ^^''*^' '" ^he lunj, ^KVXdKEkE nm .ISO ""''"^^'^'^^ pneumonia, pneumonia. '•• '""*' "^•^•"'' '»« a complication of 31 ' cii{(i:latorv svstkm. HEAUT. "lIEAKT"-('Iouil.vHwi.||lnj;. Hee eloud^v Liver. MIEAKT"-FHtnvI„rtlt,atiou. umiimi HH fatty hinnlH befwecn imiH.le buiulleH T!,p tibres .f aff,M.UMl at all. hIm.w ,mvksu.v at.o, v MACKOS. EXAM :_H„b,.,.H.anlial fa! t ,„nd. in- ••••nmMl .u amount. (),. se.-tion. vHh.wi.l. hands of f •an he seen to dip down from pericardial surface between tlie darker bauds of the heart muscle. "HEAKT "-Patty l)e^re„eratiou. PREI'ARATIOX :-A8 for Fattv Liver or malnutiition, e.^r. m severe anaeu.ia or arterio-selerosis of .oronaries bacterial and chemical toxines, er Sep ' aemia. Phosphorous poisoning, etc k- ^epik lattA de^en^-ration of Liver es^ .^nfy7^'^\ ^^'^^^ =-""*'"'*^ *^ !•»••' '•"'"••••d ("> patch- wnwi "' ^r«^'^«nd flabby. Pallor especiallv ma.ked to v^ards endocardial surface, in nuisculi papiilares ■ ml ,o?" "mnae carnae. Muscle often resembles iiied leaves. " HEART "-Acute Endocarditis. fmlS^A^^'J :-Acute articular rheumatism. MICROS. EXA M :-At the attachment of the vegeta- tion to valve are {jreat numbers of small round cells whKh also mtiltrate the subjacent endocardium. On sur- 32 MIIH at |HMill of loUUHf ,|ir (J..!,nu„,iii|t...l <....! I llKAieT"-.u,..,„i, Kml,„,,,|i,m. It thirkriun- of ,M.,l.,n„,ii„n, ()„ m„.f..' /"""'"'r'"' n.l.M,vous .!,.;,......,., non lu.s n,k.„ ph,,-. tl m .. 't •n (K.'iHM- av..H <,f this H,„o„s a.va , «nun.lar ,1 .ph «alt8 .l..,,osit«'W in tlH- fairy a,i,l«. ."<•>'. oi.h MACROS. KXAM :-\V«,.taf ions in .I.Ih f,,,-.., ui. mn] tinn and tlbn>id. vah. se.Mn.nts ,HHk..,vd, a in,- .'Has^n. tlnrUMied valve, o.- in lat.M- .ondition, . .- l.-a.-ons "HEAKT"-Anit*' ricmitivi. Kndoraiditis. ETI()L()(;V:__,„f,.,.^i^.^. ty,.,. „f ,„,,to cndocaiditis (vlir ^'""^'^'^*''""" ""^^ '•• ^'- '^"««< •• ivpaiativ. pro '— t's platv inulmjr to formation of uhvr« on wl.i I. «>iHla,y dn,ositK of tibnn mav fonn. '' '""' " HEABT".-Brown Atrophy. -fe^, Kl'LVld^dS^ exhausting di«oa«es, -n-e thin; the bundles of nins nV... ff "" '^*"^'''* "'"«'« ated Transverse HtH^r ifCtr " Th:f •'^' "'^"i'- p.»8it of pigment at both poles (.;.i|„,K.ieinf ", ," ^"'• brownish eolor. This i.i.rnu.nt : i V *'^ '' P>Iden «.r specimens. I»»«iuent is best seen in uns^aimnl MArROSCOPIC EXVAflWTinv walls thin, muscular tissnJ V.f . i , ^^ i~ "*'^''t «">«". Hrm consistence o so tiLf-in."^^^^ '^ ^'■"^^'"'^'' •'•''"•' '>f ••owed (more especial v the „!;/..•.' "'•«'"" r"""'^vhat nar- phyj. i"iaii> The mitral onfl,.,. ,•„ y^„i^, .^^^.^ " HEART "-Hypertrophy, work and strain, diseases T.f LI • , .ly some fatty degenerSon «7 h^n ''HEART"— Pericarditis. t^ee Pleurisy. BLOOD VE^^SELS. "ARTERIES"— Acute Suppuratiyo Arteritis. ETIOLOOY :— From suppuration surrounding yes- sels, or from infected emboli. K«rm 35 <"ll..c-.i„n« of " e»M,: " ' """f '•'•'<"' "'"Itratio,, with ••ARTER,E8"_Ae,.,eP,.,.d,K.,iveAr,err,i.. li" arteritis,. '«»'"'•».> to tUronibo»,» within (tlirom- ^Jlt'^Sa^^'^wltr.?'",, '"''"■'' """ ""—«•'» »"• .1... Penetratlr of Zw . ::eir,f„!,,''';r'""'"- '■""' *'"' Tlu,» ,l,r„,„b„H becomes orgaled " ™"" '"""■■'""• i.v to ;:rerrii."'''' '"^ ""■°""""' " ""^ •» "•"■-■•-.«'-"• '■ I'ERIAKTERITIS .NODOSA" seen as n«l„,„r tl,i.ke„ ings of adventitia. "iiii>en. •ARTERIES "-Arteriosolerosis, ,s.vn.) Endarteri,i,.„e. forraans or Atlieioma. ..,., „i„„ a„d '''^•"'.f I"""" n<-<>osis. tl,en fatt.v de^e- I" -.atous plaiTZr"'; •; t .Cri^lo^tt'T " .«". cet an atberonmtous nicer forS "'^ '""'™' 30 iiine^;lS ..? Wh.'7nHf '"'"'^ irregularly over tl.e atheromatous u leers. ^Pssffi. to VEINS. ^.^^ These show the same ehauges as are seen in the arte- URO-GEXITAL SYSTEM. KIDNEY. ' KIDNEY "— n ':iMiV wellin}?. ^IL'i''""^' ^"'^ ''""y -ieRenn-ation of liver dUion ., epithelial oelU lining Bown^^f^p^™'"^ "Z »o marked in straight or collecting lublLr ^"' 37 k uut lo pioinineiit vesHt'ln of medulla ». t^: ;;,:i;:":r"'- r"",-' '-•'- •■-'' ''."."'<-.v" : '";:,' ilobulni. a(f,.rent and Klomcnilai- vi-».,.l„ ..UKoix-cd ivii , 1" places, the amount d,.|H.,..liiiL. „,„,„ «.v,.,.if nf .« ti«*U. oedematous surfaco Vonm^ „f..ii„4 '•"'«»i '^ KIDNEY "-Scarlatinal Nephritis. In.d IV''^^^^; ^'"^''^^I — ^'"onnd interlobular, afforont l""^d infiltration. Beneath capsnle and at termina 38 pointH of iiitiTlobular v«.hh..|« ti...-. t "«»HHeH with btt«. to ., Hul T ; •"' ''*^'"-'''"''**'' <»therwiHe. tiK^siLn ^xr;s^,!;r'''' '•^••"•-r- »'«,r.. paienchvinntouH m-phrlt H " ""' '" '" i» one of the tvi«.- ..f e»reneiatlon. AM) ETIOMMJV :_s,,. a,„,,„.,, PREPARATIOX Liver. , tubules. Tr;eHrni;„,r'"'*'"*''^ *'^ "'■""■•v and homoge eVn ";^^^^ reddlHh-violett ft; Vli'Sth H,J 'r*''- •'^'^•^ ^"•^•" "" f»ttv degeneration. M v mt ;m '""•■ ""'"'«" Hbrobla.tK and tibroun tLt. '"**'''''*'"' '""'•^•"•^'* '•'^ ''oth "nifc^mli'g!^;.^;;';)^^;;;?'''";;"'"''^"^' "•'" ""^^ ^'-'•••. ■•KI[)NKV"_c|,ro„if Intcreitial Xepliiitis. proMf^s- 'A,:e:„a7!,;:;'""'x:":?";r :■","■ ",• - patches from <-^i»«ni*. t . V • ''^^ wedge-8h{ij)ed •1 J '''«I>»"le to the apict's at tiie basf»M nf ti.^ ..vranuds. In centre of «.nr.). A/ *\ " . *^^ ^"*^ Aiound this ,8 a great proliferation of fibrous :5!) liMU**. with HlMi»lila«rK anil |f.|i«NMvi..« *-i . ;.r. .jn.«,,,,,H, ,,,,,, ' l,;;::^::™^;;!.; ;:;:•;;,;: : oim fmin iiijitiinnl ronfia.titm TnA- ..# i " """ ;r:". "• ;.' '- ■'i-'"--! .m.. '•:™:.:'. 7:;:::, : ™ IK „ ,.|.,,,-. ir,„..|„.,v„, „„„ii,i„„ .„ ,„r,„ r„i, i,L tlllM«l*llllci>u ,\. ,,.,1 ii ^lillllliail Uf«(». aid". . • .'; r '"" '"""""^ "^ '"'•'•^' '" ^'"^ '•••••'"•V. seen Ml, j^ranuiiii i,«' trenu* caMfs, t^he calices. u....... Fm,mMH!.v. rynts of ail HizJ a«. ^ " ' On section rovh'X iian-owecl, roii-h ;- •! i ««'e, and may confain multiple -v^rM' V -f ■'.'.,• than UHual and on of stroma, with more extensive defeneration of se< retin- epithelium of th.^ tubules. 4i) •■KII«EY'-E„,1„ S„„„„™,iv,. .NV„„H,i„ ' oacTt'l'ia IJKlirc in hiiimII (•■ii>;ii...: p,"»ui«hiij i^ ;," t;i. oiu ',;^:,.iH,':;"';;r ■'■'■"""•■" • -■•■*'■ ■ "■••■"'^ "- "■"' -< -•■ r-nni..;'';;:,;.,. \!!z.^'z;::- ETiOLCMfV :— Here spcmiuI.,.., ^ -"r,.,.,',,.. J:,;,;™;:: i,,,:';:;:;;*"" '""''"•■ -' ><'<>^> •IvIDXEV-iufaiHt. ...aH^'r:::;.^^ - "■ - -- - f.-.. >•,.. vns>^i'ally situated near surfaeo of cortex. Same a. "KIDNEY "-Miliary Tuhmulosis. i»!*eminatcd uiiij. ETI()L()(;y :-Part of jxenera! or d '■ry tuberculosis. MI('I{()S. EXAM :-Miliary tubercles as in Liver -.r. -en ar process seen in the jH^lvis of th<. kidn.M. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. Sl'LEEX. •• SPLEEX " -Active HyiHMaeniia. ETIOL()(;y .-In malarial and typhoid fevers in i„ MICKOS. EXAM :-In.-,eased an.ount of blo.>d in .in uses-.nerease of lyn.plux-y.es. espeeiallv in Mai pi . , '^''Z^\ K-lothelial <.ells linin, lyn-ph chanJ.'f; ^ ond . If eond.t.on leads to ae,«e intlamn.ation. the en- <'othehal plates in the adenoi.l netvv^uk at-e increased n ^"-.t- W'm^' 43 TlZl^ll ''I'^ *^ '^"'-''.vteH acrnn.ulato i„ Muu.... an.l tion affec-tinp Malpijjhian loipuHcIeH MACROS. EXAM :-0,.^.an e«lar«,Ml. ..a,malo t.M.se. On section, dark ml, nof t. diffluent and vaHnJar. The dark red turns t„ hrij;ht red on exposure to .he a.r Malpi^luan corpuH. les niav stand out as urevish «pots. Later stages orpin small, c-apsule wrinkled. " SPLEEN "—Fibroid. ETIOLOGY :Repeated or prohnijr.Hl attacks of f,.|„ile •dJ^^hi?;^'"'''""' "• Hekets and congenita, and „«e;^"T^. ^^':^^* =-<'aP«"l-. traborulae, walls <,fsin- men, and advent.tia of vessels thi.kened from Hhrous tissue proliferation. Adenoid sheaths of arteries 3 malp,«hian bodies more fibrous with diminution of Ivmi.h. '''''' ^,':^^^'^ ^I-d^ pigment, .-alls also pipnented. 31 A( KOS. EXAM :— Capsule thickened— orijan firm possibly contra<-ted, thickened fibrous bands run., : through pulp f,.om capsule. Pulp brittle, of ., dirtv ." "- ish-red color with j.ossibly b.ownish pifrment. ' " ' •' SPLEEN "-Clir-onic Veno.is Conjrestion. ../''^^^^^f^'^' ■■-Oh^tvuvtUm to f,ve How of blood d "S'o^nrh^nr '""'• ';■'■' '^-Pl.vseu.a.and valvula I f^. ''^"'■^- J-'*'"'''""! portal obstiuction. e.y ('i,-- i-hos.s of Liver, or obstruction of spl,M.i,- v.-ins uiH^h/'T^- ''^'^^^ -^^'^^i^*' venous sinuses enj,o,.,,,, >Mth blood fieneral deposit of m^.-ons tissue tluo,;.| out r/- ?"■ r^Tu -^^""^•''^ «''^^'^''« «»'-i«l. vessel ws hickened, fibrous trabeculae thickened. ,uusc, lar t .s ' hypertrophied in capsule and fabeculac (^, i , ^i^. ened fi-om localized proliferation of fibrous h-ss.u w ' . shreads Of granulation tissue ^as villous p.-ojections ;::,;. nient (as m nutmeff liver) ' MACROS. EXAM:-Orj;an enlarged, heavy, n„d 44 tliickeuiug of tmbeeulae tu naked e.ve * ' """''"' " SPLEEN "-lufHitt. Sec lufaict of Kiduey. " SPLEEN "-Wax.v-Sajro. ^.^ PREPAKATION AND KTIOLCHJY : Hee Aunloid MICKOS. EXAM :-A,nyloid rhaiiLr.. Ih .onHn.d .1 ".ost entirely to the Malpim.ian eo,,M.se es Tun.,' I :';:^-->'«* am a Kn.all an.onnt of adenoid tissue n.' ,• I.us,le« show sli^^ht An.vloid de^^eneration. Th 1 t pen., pulp are an.vloid deposits i„ ,,.,^,11 nZ^^ lines betwen «l. InunopMieous i-eddish-vi(»let «"»<• « I. stu. On section. Malpi^hian bodies stand out on s-Muewhat reddene.1 baek-jj.ound as gelatinous .'ss" masses take on niaii.^i-ny hjown tint. "SrLE:,X"-l>itr„se Waxv. M)L0(;Y .-See Anivloid PREPARATIOX .\\|) "1 Jn.l|,,Kl„„„ iKHlv is K,.,„.,all.r Ki„„i,). K,Nl, lioi-H ;.;;;;;.;._^a,,a «,,,,e „„,,<„,, .,„,,„,, ..„„„,„,. „ ^;„ , ^ "l^ MACROS. EXAM :_0,.f.„„ „,„,,, e„|.„.j,,..d. ..j^,.„ 4.'> a,iHpa,.Hnj.„.,d KHatino..H. U.r n.al.«Kanv w, ! , tion on addirion of lodlm. Holutiou. " HPI^KKN " -htMikaciiiia. KTlOUM}V:_('o„Htant Iru.-.M.vroHiH i„ Ln.ka.u.ia. 1- ,1 J ^'"* '""'I'lKliian hodU'H in«v h,. hviHMfio. 1 w i;:;;:.,:!;;z'- ^'•'"--" -n..o,..,di..n!;;.!r :';;;. •"•-"•"'•H.aK,.K, with poKHibly infants. (,„ J..,i . -^;;n.ouH,tinn.witho..witl..n.t p.-onmu-nt n.alpS.i:;. "SI»LEKX"_TulH.nnloHis. KTIOUMJV :-HHdon, or n.v.r p,i„.a,v lmmhm-.IIv j|".-t of a n.iliary tul..nuloHiH o,- ...ondln-v to Vl.iK is ! . m otliiM- parts of t]u- bodv. .an. \s. about siz,. of pea or .Ihmtv— i-siiecialiy in .hildien. • SPLKEX "—Syphilis. You inay ^et Kun.niata. usually multiple, with c.-ntial vitir\^nfvfn^H^^^ :-Aniyloid Degeneration is associated «itli annloid degeneration of other organs and tiles possibl^v in the medullary vessels, bnt in a lets marked de-' tran^c^nt"'^^^?f' T*!i' '''T •" ^"'«^^^^' ^ «-^!- nans ucent. \\ ith Iodine solution, the mahoganv-brown 'vaction may be produced. """Mn^ Dioun fnim*!^^^^^^^^'"^ -—Cysts are rare, examples of these are J|Muid in echinococous cyst, and in haemirrhagic inflltia ADRENALS :-Tuberculo8is is here found in tv. <;|-m«, viz As Miliary Tuberculosis in the ortex or as : Pnmary chronic tuberculosis of the Medulla. Th s /tne ' ommonest lesion found in Addison's disease k Kf 47 to tha^'^e ^.:;:^'''''"'"^'^"'''^ •« ^— "^ —da.. THYROID GLAXM. .■|^a«ed secretion ., ..UoirZe,- :a„.^.r,.S Srh',' Hmnnels may dilate-hencl have aT^^sSar Go'it.;";'"'"'' GENITAL SYSTEM. MALE GENITALS. TESTK LE8 r-TubercuIosis. MICROSCOPICAL EXAMI\ ATinv • r' "f scar tltt e as 'n svnl,n?. r "° ""'^'""•y '" formation ■rvmis, „nt ltZ;i^'^ taSr^^aTa-n^ ^-s^^f 4.S TE.STlCLKH.-S;^phiJiH. ".ore vnrilyT^ZZui " '"'"'"• '^'" ^"•"•'•'"» ^^I-- -' MICK08C0PICAL EXAMIX VTinv • v : "suall.v starts in the testh- h it^^if / , ~^'''* '""'"^'* to «'i)ididvniis T i l^ * . *'^' <*'^^«*"J>"ff secc.iHhiiilv 'lifftMing fronl tuLe^luML.'" ''"' ^'»»"""^-- f'""'- Thus PROSTATE.-I»,o8tatitiH. onK).o«tatTti:\xj^;' \i:/r»-^ •onditions in other organs "' '"''*' or b;rwrs,:!;;'e™ 4" V,';.;.f'?;:,.;';r" "- ■ ;"'-" snuff. ' e^n i)ia(k particles resembling FEMALL GENITALS. OVARIES. 49 forniufiou or in K,Mi...al Hh.oHiH. T|„.h.. r, Jlit n" k . .w mmo nu.r,.K|.opi,. vluxui-rH an in <.tluM orL ^ S ,r,.^.n "Tn^Mv^r'''-"' •?/' "'"'""^ "'^-' ^'-Vnl-nopau :"*-"" mu.v fonn Jar^e niaHHOK or niiliaiv fub.Mrl..s' Cvk s .n v H i.ill.^ mtl, rliion.c- oophontiK. <'o||oid oi- nivxoi.l rvKtK may form a» tw<. diffcr.Mit vari..-oj,M.tions ar,: .-onT.ms'd of stratified ciliated opitlielnim. .Marros.(.pi,aI!v t|,e siir- r F^MVun";' vll^ «;anliflower-lik,. projltions DERMOID <^\STS :-In tliis form vou mav L'et si... P e c.vsts containing only epidermal strnc i V w ,,,."'' The contents are thick greyish material «,f fattv etri «" FALLOPIAN TI'BES. SalpinKitis 18 generally secondary to an inflammation of uterine mncons memb: ne or to localised per on i" Mno'tdifJS' ;""""?;•''"" '"'"^^ nitarrhilsalTin^: tis). not differing f.-om other inflammations of the nm- ;i;'"^H^"„";r,Lt' "" """' «" "" •" '■"••>'"■"♦■"■' <»'•>■•"""• From a prolonged acnte attack or repeated acute in tlanimations the condition mav become clm.nX rcl.ron?; catarrhal salpingitis). This form mav be a"soc ited w^th flieat proliferation of connective tissue ^*'''*'*^'''^^'' "^'^^ Tuberculosis (Tubercular salpingitis) mav affect this o'jran as a primary or a secondary disease: eg miliary r.o 'oirun ciweouii with ShrTn. .f;^ ,"• ""' "'"i""" Iw- nil.,.,.., and Lnb mu^.„ im."""',"''. ''"'""' •■"■"■"("•n of i.im,i.,i,i„„''.rLVi'ZTi:iLT,t:l''"''',l',„;;r"l, •-''•••• or imiy not be pivnent. "*^ rwHue. Oiaut wIIb iuu.v UTERL8. (septic puerperal endometr^ 18) ^ ***"* PueriH-riun. PLACENTA. berc-lentnTSaTe^o'^r lat*''*'. «*T*"- «« -.all t„- ti.8ue between the WUi '"''"*^*"*^ ^"'^^ phuental KunnSf " ""•"" " ^'^^ '^''^"^^ •-^"-^^- for,., and as BK^nay or >on-malioxant TrMORs. i-'IDROMA. MVXOMA. Occurs in sul latter as polypi), au.. a^ Dect:ve tissue tumors*. "^ 'suhmiif-ujis tiBsu.ifs (in the H'lative process in the con- •'- 1 origin. fonn\ delU'LVitt^^^^^^^^ "' "kl. tiH...e in poor in blood >^hMh «"t,.rl«dnK HbrllH. tIu- «f»ro;,H traS ae r n Ltn r"''" '"'••""" '''""> '»'»'«'l' K HauH' eoii8i8tt'u«. as niucul ' ' ° ""'"*' '■"***•♦• "^ LIPOMA OH PATTY TIMOR TKh in blood vesselB ^''*' tiabecuJae are lOf llbrou. trabetulae •'' "'*'' «"'''"'' glMt™- rHOXDROMA OU CART.LAO.Xors TrMOK. hmi8t. u'lvar^ Kiands, testicles, lung, skin and <"!» and enrapaulat^ 'obulated, arm, elastic, oartilagin. a.or.7r^wK^Jt''o'^rttr;"'^"" oarHlagin.,., ,„. OSTEOMA OR OSSEOUS TUMOR 52 , or cartilage or their neighbouring connective tissue- in «erous membranes and in organs, ?.g., testYranri:;u.ot!S MICROSCOPICALLY and MACROSCOPIC VI I Y they resemble bone tissue either of the s^ong^-^or 'c'ointm' MYOMA OR MUSCLE TUMOR. Occurs wherever muscular tissue is present e ir in mnsHl" • ^^'^ 5^'*"'« °^^y ^*^ distinguished acc^;dii^; as orrfnraractlr' ^^-«-^--") -" «tri,.d ^^^ MICROSCOPICALLY these have the same chn-... ters as muscle tissue. tharac- MACR08C0PICALLY, the tumor is fi,.„, fleshv el.s arl^ted'^^ ''^° ?^^'*^^- ™"-'^' -rcLSid 'en. capsuJated, with connective tissue trabeculae. NEUROMA OR NERVE TUMOR. or as^'ganglion "1""''*^' ""'^^ ''^'*^« ^"^ -^« ^' — )' LYMPHANGIOMA OR LYMPHATIC TUMOR. ■,., /^"^ ^'*h**^ *o an occlusion of a lvmi)hati< vessel win. dilatation of its distal areas, or to an a tual overLowth of lymphatic channels. Macroglossia (tong e) and m ,cro eheiha (hp are good examples of the fomer t°7,e In IvZhT^'*^^"'' '^"''^^ '' obstruction to fm' outflow of >mph from organ leading to cystic dilatation of pre-ex IheH?, ?'n P^ channels, flattening of their lining ^ eiido- thehal cells, pressure upon surrounding tissues leadinrto their atrophy and replacement by conntcti^e tissue ^ .HAEMAXGIOMA OR BLOOD TUMOR. Two varieties are distinguished, vix.: (a). CAVERNOUS HAEMANGIOMA .-Marked dila with blood. (recognized by the shape and character of the red blood cells). These may be seen in the skin Lnd vi« cera, especially in the liver. 'The same changes take place in the intervascular tissue as in lymphar-oma. 53 .MA.\(,I(hMA .—Here the bulk of tumor is formed bv an a.tual overgrowth of blood capilhiries. rhe"e m V e seen as masses of arterioles with thick muscular w- Is • a« 8.mi>le tubes with endothelial lining. The e J,' Hi m.r^.wth may become so n.arked as'to HuggesI an en'u ' MACROSCOPK'ALLY these are seen as «- birth teiial dilatation or overgrowth), or poH wine (when due to venous dilatation) color. The capillarv form d'^s not project beyond the surface of the skin, and te color d-s not disappear on pressure. The cavernous form projects, as a tumor, bevond the surface; except in the liver, in which latter position it s di-stinguished from a subcapsular lu emorrhage b cuttin' EPITHELIAL NEW GROWTHK These tumors are derived from the epiblastic and hypoblastic germ layers. The simplest form is that of non-niahgnant epithelioma w^ere there is a simple h per lasia of epithelial cells especially of the skin. These^u - peai to be vvell circumscribed and their base is formed bv K' t rtibr"'' ''Ir ""'''' ^"™ ^••«^«- much'esen^ not ?nfilt,..ff/^r i^«l*'"«'r'^'- '^^^^^ epithelial cells do nor mtiitrate the deeper structures. ADENOMA OR GLAND TIMOR. These are benign tumors which spring from glands MICROSCOPK^ EXAMINATION .—There is a mark- ed pro iferation of the epithelial cells lining the gla St «nd Mith tins overgrowth there is a sprouting, as it ^v^e' rLnl/'T-^f'.^""'*'""'^'^^ ^*'*^^^" *'"' oo^nnective t s-' sue bands which tissue may also proliferate. These new g ands may either take on the form of those from which hey originate or they may become somewhat IrregulaM foim. The epithelial cells, however, are seen to be^^e 'Ml a basement membrane which they never penetrate ex- ept when becoming malignant, although tliev mav form •negular masses within the gland tubes and adni " MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION :-Or the ' mucous 54 «cribed, non-inflltra ting and not «iif' '' I'^'^'^'-t'.^' « i'-.m-' structures. On section th.t! ^'^^'^V^'^t to surrounding whitish or reddish pink in ^0.0.!"?'* 'f "^"d^-'-atHy Urn,: fibrous capsule. ^""^ ' '"'"^''^^ surrounded hy a EPITHELIAL CYHTOU VT V .. ial tumors characterized bvth^f "^'""**^.vof ejuthel- spaces lined with eSelium !/« i"h '"-^^^^^ '"'•*>'« '^^stic «ame way the glands in aDevomvt'^^ "**^- ^" ^^^ tation, forming cysts. Into I^oHit^^' '"'•' ""^^''«" d''^" mors papillary ffrowtl« «.. ^^ ^^'^^^^ varieties of tu- In adenoma .^ihou" c>st l^^""^y«^^»-i;«PiHif*^nnn. projection into the ducts of mnn"^r ^ '*'''*' "'"•^- '«' ^ ferum). ^^ ®^ papillomata (adenoma papilli- MALIGXANT CONNECTIVE TISSUE TI'MORS. LYMPHADENOMA OR LYMPHOSARCOMA. atic l^lluril^LenTsTvS^^^^ overgrowth of the lyn.ph- are normaUv pt"en aid ar^^^^^^^^^ '".i'''^' where these Hodgkin's disLsr tZv fn.-.n •'"^i'*'-''^''^"'^**'*^ ^^ith Jymph glands overthe wh*ole bod;""?L' .^°i.«':5«^'"-nt.. of retain their shape and^o not tPiid f. •"?>^''d»«' «lands SARCOMATA. tissue '"' *'*"•" ^'^ ^""^P««^d «f embryonic connective but ?nfllVr?triocaliv''and *«r''rr.''"'"^ ""' ^•"'^^"m^eribed, the vascular channel^.''"*' 'P'"''^^ ^'^^^"S*^ the medium of an emb^^nfc tvpe Te 7J' ''^''.^^^'' "'^ ^^««^'« being of layer ot e ongaV^Jt^-^^ .elir'^ln '" '""'"•"^ "^ ^ ^'^^'^ Hally wh^ father^S,T^^e veterV/ea^Ts S 55 liands throughout tinanf^w in «*i. out in nianv seotionH tn-t^nf ,.„... I V """'"'t to make '•SARCOMA "-Small Kound-Celled atel.v malignant "*''''''*'• ^'""«'- i« "'O''*''- MlCRO*5COPIC EX\AII\\Tif»v . t " SARCOMA "-Large «oiin(].«>l|,.d. I'HndBaHv iirrh""' P™'*;?" "' ™»" ■•»"n oeher two va.l..ti.H, h„t f 1... ...n" a • ' *' SA K( 'O.M A "— F.aiK«. Kpintilci ',.1I«.(1. Huiunu ^'n ^"'■♦*^'"'"»'' varieties. TIiIh differs from H,„ail Jje Ijraphat,, ,, and aro ,!,„„ ™e,.tl«,,„ V„ Tla. k",,"!:'; " SARCOMA "—Recurrent Fihronia. OoUi plexi.H and pineal -Timor M a Mmall Hpindie- are ^ mimu, siround Hmall veM- . Uiei wallv iM.i ,^ frequently . «'IJ*« n»ai,< be urrauKed coneentric- ,- . lie eu tiir«'oiiH !«Mj <« Mrcur in ro .ml- •Ml nm«8e« in coneenirH^llv , ,„»*.,m1 Hhorln Tumor mu.v be flir.romai . iomafou^ 'sareomaton^ adenomaious careinomatoo. .ur o-ttbromanM « r ,^^'' KareomatonsinitHhastologi. .i;„„t,ier". *^ " 8ARC«.MA "- \U .4^r Hareoma. IT ard bone. <«m|M»Hed of <-ell8 renem- '■♦•lial eellH. Tliene form eHemblinK thoHe seen in ilular maHHeH Ih a verv Onnrt* in trii skin, |.ia . MICROSCOPE ALL^ ''Mnj; much endothelial round, or oval alveolar nu.Kh nucinomata. Betwren l»»e»». vaHrular tissue with a sma. auMMint of .oum.ctive tisHue The eelh, at periphery of a. eolar s,.MeH are Lome wit flattened or elongated, eoneentricallv arranged ndii nately eonneeted with the tibrouH ti^.ue stroma Hms - IC' ..ei,r ^'"••*^^"«"-*«- >^« — »« I-not.S uZtJn " HARCOMA "-M.eloid or (Hant-Celled. (hows either within shaft or epiphvses of bone or ^^r raxmr'^^Th"*^^"""-^' 'J '""!"'•' ^^»''" -"''^'•- « lower maxilla. They are moderatelv maligi t MICROSCOPICALLV the tumorals one of the spindle giant cells. These giant cells are manv times larger than the spindle cells and have the same characters as the os 58 under ho fli^"r«?nd IhZ^^'"^^^^ *" panbu.ent fouiidinir 8ti .ictui^^r n. .? "<»»»«• rf nt to ull the -ur- « SAR('03IA "-M.'lanotic. ■s "Icturerto wL h f"' t'XtenHivHv tlu- surrounding iiutiur««, to whHh It heconieH nioHt Hinily atta.he.l. '* SARCOMA "-()Hteo.. '.>-'- <'.-. ^'^.r™, MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL TUMORS. CARCINO'lA. epith^e\TaT.lTl^hV"■^'^^'''^''^*^'*'* ^>- ^^^^ P'-<>lif*'n,tlo„ of ^^::i^:rJ^ are characteristic of epithelioma^' ' '''"'* '"^^^ wartv, cauIiflower.sh.i,»»?\^^i 1 *^ • ~" T'"'*^*' fo'ni -a, be irreKutr^L" rC^^^^^^^ -.-face "ith extensive infiltration .nH .',...1 J ,"'"*'*' '** "''"» its base. On sect on mode.".!^ «^ ''^ *''^ ^*^**'"-^ »t Kniel-like HuW c^n be ^t •' *"•?.'= *''""^ **"* «'"'f'i'-^ a j'-e,, which ma -"on'tain"^^:' ei;ft tli'u '"';* """"- nests. The neiirl.hnn..;,.„ 1 . ^l"t"^"'»l jx^arls or cell and Arm. ^ '^''"""^ lymphatic jjlaiuls are enlarged RODENT r'LCER. "PitliHium wwi-h i, aJ;;)' ' I' '■""["r" <" P»vo.m..,t '••Ived, T„„,or "on, oV ,h '^^ ;"'l*. »'»"<''< a«' not in- 'lii-lioma-. "'■ ''■'"" ""il'snant forms of opi- 61 CARCINOMA OR CYLINDRICALrELLED CANTER. >n an po^tiooB where gland «tr„ctur :V"^:;:l?,;;;r r.vlindHral SX,m Thi^ "^ ^'"' glandular more atypical thoZ'thoSV ^-r""'^'* ''*'*'*^™*'*^ '""•«* ""^ ti«8ue« oScted nart n'^ v'^^^^' spreading between the «ize8. ThesrmaVform tnh^^^^^ ^"^ TreguUir shapes and the bands of Seetl^e tLni^^ '»*'t^^**''» also proliferated Tr« if ' ^^'''^'' ^" "^'^'^^ ^•"«"«' i« 1 •"•ixriuifu. inns from the tvnifni crionuuL"ele™In:i^;;^^^^^^ -"« «'- -r on skin, nuK-ous n.e„,i;.L"esT„d ^S^!'^'' «' - COLLOID CARCINOMA. posit of a large amount of Pr.?^**I''«r " ^'•«'» ^''^ de- «I.a'«'' ••i»i i« quite clear, honog^^^^^^^^ This mate- 'inaffeoted or only partial nT.tH *^«°«Parent. Some this clear mass. TheYn^eralveoHf ''^"' T^ ^^ «^''° i" affected and distinct '"^'''^'*''^"'«'' connective tissue is un- te«tinesX:;"anTo;/r/™' ^^'"^'-^ *»-- - the in- CARCINOMA MIXOMATODES. degei^radoT "uoctr's in thT^'^^-^^^^^^ myxomatous It occurs in the intestines and breast. CxIANT-CELLED CARCINOMA .oid or dropsical V7e^^.:t?ono?c'er''"^''-^''"^ ^^ -"' MELANO-CARCINOMA. ;_!. me,a„„.„a..e..ata and torl'^^,,, ^Z^VZL^Z^. s.v4xi;\:\t;i:r-^-''-' "" '^^""■•*"-^«^-