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•"ooconr rbouition tbt chart 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
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 UA fiSl 
 
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 i APPLIED IM/JGE Inc 
 
 16SJ East Moin SIrnI 
 RochMUr, N*« Yorii U609 
 (716) 482 - 0300 - Phon. 
 (716) 288- 5989 -Fa« 
 
r 
 
 LABORATORY GUIDE 
 
 TO 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY 
 
 HY 
 
 DUNCAN P. ANDERSON, B.A.,M.D. 
 
 J)emomtrator of Patholoijy. McGUl University. 
 AaniHtant Patholoijist Montreal General Hoitpital. 
 
 Entered according to Act of Parliament, in the year 1902, by 
 Wm. Foster Brown, at the Uepartment of Agriculture. 
 
 MONTKEAL: 
 , WITNKSS PRINTING HOUSK. 
 1902. 
 
Cj rn S 5 S 
 Pi S V 
 
PRACTICAL PATHOLOGY. 
 Tielmique. 
 
 the followingi!? '*''"'•""' •""«* commonly employed are 
 
 If ^Phin*'!'!'* Haematoxylin. 8ee"Mallory & Wri«l.t." 
 NNriiht;^ ' '^"'^ Haematoxylin. See '' Mai Ion it 
 
 IIL Afethyl Blue. 
 ly. Satfranin. 
 V. Alum Carmine. 
 Ti!: 1>\7^«"^' Eosine as a counter-stain. 
 
 o Av"*u ^''^ ^^""^ *''^^^ *o fl^'f minutes. 
 
 3. Wash in water. 
 
 4. Place in absolute alcohol to which a fpw *Ip«,.„ «f 
 eosme have been added for one rn^n^te tissueTs thZ aJ 
 hydrated and counter-stained at same time ' *•""' ^^• 
 
 Oil o^a::;^^ ^he^s;:/:^^^---*^' ^-^^-t 
 
 b: Mount in Canada Balsam. 
 H„-^ V ^}^^^^» which have been kept in nreservinir 
 fluids for a long period it is found very difficuU to stain b? 
 teo,.d,nar3 method so that they require to be over Gain- 
 ed for from five to seven, or even ten minutes then wash 
 
 ammoni?^r"J r''" T^ «" ■•*''^"' ^««hed in water t 
 aramoniated water and proceeded with in the ordinary 
 
 In using the alum stains the tissues must bo w^n 
 washed in water to remove the alum. '''^" 
 
 Of deg:neraLTi!!'-"' '' '^^^^"'"^ *^^ ^^^^-^^ ^-'»- 
 1. CLOUDY SWELLING :-If to a cloudy degenera- 
 
II. FATTY I>K(}ENi:KATI()X :_,„) if j., „ ,„,,, , 
 
 K) hudun III. ,i„,| ll,„.„iat(ixvlin ■_ 
 
 Was", i'^.u'i'r'.'""" "' ""^"''"•" "."■■""t..«.vn„ . 
 
 Htaii, Ave minutes in Kudan III, 
 
 Mount in Famuit'8 solution or in jrlv.ei inc 
 
 III. AMYLOID nE(}BL\EKATI()X 
 
 (a) Stain in wealc solution of I<,dln,. to,- :i „,inntes. 
 >\ ash m water . 
 
 r««f„ a.tl';!il,.""" """"•"■ i" »•«*<"•. K'.-.-ri* ..,- Par- 
 
 B,- „.fl.:<.,ed i,vi,t ti,;'",;L ,;■?»:,' T',".,:,",,;;','' t"V;' 
 
 n«n.„,„,l„id a,-oas take on tl.e .anarv v..'lU,w L, '" 
 
 min.lle,!"""' '" «-"'.vl""ilm. violW f„,. ,„,: 
 
 «'»h4"wa't:r.'™' "■>'"-<«"l<"'<- »-'d »ol,m.«. 
 3Iount in Famint's solution 
 
 ^ote that with all the differential stains fn,. fi. , 
 KemMations the tissues are n.ounted dimt fn w .tl *' ' 
 (•eriup or Farrant's solution. ' ^ "^* ' ■ ^ 
 
 Stains for '• NERVOT'S MV«Ti?Af " mi l 
 -nder that section ^^STEM will be deseribeu 
 
 ^, ^' 
 
?l«tey 
 
• XPI-A.MMATIOX. 
 
 Ij followed l,.v ,1 ■li|,ii„||„„ „, „| „„. v..»,.|„ i, , " , 
 
 Sir "' "^ ---- '^!:^^>::::r,x:^ 
 
 mflamuintions ma.v terminate in :— '♦'stoied or the 
 
 A. Resolution as described previously 
 
 B. Organization or fibroid thiokeninir Thia f„i 
 
I). Gangrene due to intensity of virus and weakness 
 
 I. Exudative inflammation alread.v desrribed. 
 ubscJss;'''^''"*'' ''^««'»mation described under ulce. and 
 
 III. Productive inflammation : The products nf in 
 ammation are here represented entireh bv £ hvper-' 
 plasm of connective tissue and the formation of JrinXt 
 
 iranuhtToJ '' T'' '"''T'^'^ "»'*-' wounrhetnn^'bv 
 
 fin ,*.H infl^' T "^ ''''"'^^•'' '"^ associated with loni; con- 
 
 nmed inflammations, gout, rheumatism, alcohol an^l the 
 
 ::z^::ir'"'''''^'''' "^" ^'^'^^"-' tub^rcmolrJandVct- 
 
 HEALING WOUND. 
 
 .ubs^lTbuni^^rciiirr^r^^^^ 
 
 « niments, and the edges of the inciSon are brou^f o' 
 ^r/vmoh' 2r '^ '.r ^l,'^'^* exudation of in, am- 
 
 U^,V 'X r"°' ^^^'« ^^' flrsTi^ention "Tlh"^;' 
 s loss of substance, as when the wound is caused b^ 
 
 bruising or by a blunt instrument, then there is no .?dh/ 
 
 sion of the edges of the wound, but rather theJanT^ mi..; 
 
 "P by an exudation of fibrinous Ivmph The ?ef s of the 
 api llary walls in the neighborhood of the wound d vide 
 
 1 >op • w^^^^ ""''T '""^ ^"""'"•'•^- ^''-" off form solid 
 
 vo««els intercommunicate from ^s?detoS The%W 
 
 t:;: Ss^o""?S?"-^' '^^«™^ trrnlUfed ill' a'duTt 
 
 K fci!i ; T^'^ connective tissue later undergoes 
 
 thf vesse s TheJ^i ^'*^'"?'°^ ^"^ destroying man^Tf 
 
 vSnZ IV ,. ^ ^''''^^ **^ "ew vessels with their en- 
 
 rXn on the sTf"^ ^-"« ^o™ the granulationrwhicli 
 UH seen on the surface of a granu atinc wound On +1,^ 
 .km surface the epidermU i, replaced bf TZpie la,",".f 
 
neither hair foIMHer nor ^S'' f* ^'^^ ^''"*'' *'«"^="°« 
 periphery towards the ?eitrev' '"''"! -^'-T ^''^"' ^^^^ 
 Koes on the ed-es of th! ! ,^ •'i^atricial contraction 
 
 apposition fand^h„«tW«?'^ ^'^ ^''"»»^'''t 'n^« ''''^^r 
 
 as eompa?;rwith tL J.rnf%^r''"^^".'""'"^ 
 
 puieu \iun tue size of the original wound. 
 
 " T LCER " OP SKIN. 
 
 ^estfo';:d/tt'L'nrn!r"fi,,.^^^ ^'-^ - 
 
 Because of the preCmpnfM^^ ^^'''"""^ '.^'"P^'- 
 
 surrounding ves^seTsdiUe nnd ?'' ^'^h their toxincs, the 
 the exudatf causTng dSt;g,^'tiorof'Se'k""'^'^ Z"*" 
 forms in its place, a' mass of^L:!rti?tL^ 
 
 throughmirof ftbrousTksn. r!. '! .7^"'^"^ proliferation 
 "^e eiiiderL-s haJToliferr^^^^ "'-••' 
 
 subcutaneous tissue in'SlngtllrpSLs.^^" ^"^^ 
 
 " ABSCESS." 
 
 disintegrate oL[nrpur"lisTh ''"'"1" P''««^^rate and 
 serum and flbr™ mav lion fv fn -^^^ ^Of^^thov with the 
 debris in the c"ntVeS,s\^T!;VH""-\" ™^"" «^ "n»id 
 vessels are surrounieS V- Hr^P Periphery the congested 
 which proliferate ranidlv- il^ numbers of fibroblasts 
 
 posit o, ,™e .a,t.i„/„\;!';,Zt^'i-"^;r: a"iw„Tr:„t- 
 
 " GANGRENE." 
 
vessels become eont^^^^^^^^ *'"« «•'•'" tl'^ 
 
 The whole^? the Ss e whtr'"*!i ^ ""** "' demarcation, 
 .rosis «loughs off ei ise „ H t^^^ 'oagulatio., ne- 
 
 l«eal as an ord?nan ^Ice, ' ?n 't '"^ '"'•^«^*^ "^«.^' t»'en 
 hites the .a„,e prJ^es^takes J^aee "' '""^ ''"'•"^^^- 
 
 ALIMEXTABY TRACT. 
 LIVER. 
 
 " LIVER "_c-|ou(l.y Swelling. 
 
 MACROSCOPIC ^ VAI • T ivo.. I 
 
 " '-"'EK ••-Fatt.v inliltmtio;!. 
 
 ,1,1 S^nif ;J:""*^™'?^' ■-"" '^""' *«'' '■■<'«•'■"'<! ...i<Toton,e 
 
 wi "to "rr riSnl ^■"■■"'"'^ HaeltaxZ :i 
 \v„ 1 • "'*^'^> ^"/ ^'^am five nimiues in Sudan ilT tJ 
 
 EMoTorr' ""■"'"'• "» '""■"' '" ^«™- -"♦■<>» 
 ETIOLOG'l :-8„m.ti,„e8 physiologic, over eatiug 
 
MICUOHCOPK'VL FVWf. x- * 
 
 fat in peripheral cellH „f inhni •";*"' *'''*'"^ '^^'I*"'^'^ "<' 
 
 ■•UVEK--P,,,,,. l)^B..,„.™ti„„. 
 
 tile cells *" " ^'"^'' '^"'" "' ""^ "'^'>"t *»'- ""^'-"H cl^ 
 
 "LIVEI! "— Amyloid Defeneration. 
 
 n,ed^^=^;-^i^^e--,s,^tr^f^ 
 
 erated areas take no nuclear st-iin k.,<^ • , :, "*^"*" 
 bmk ground s,„i„ of Eo» n wl l'" ,',,, I "'?''i,"':.'''°'' 
 «t.,in« wen Wi„, above ,pe,.,„, :XS .^^ j:';^-- 
 «1 areas take on .vddish.violet stain, while the heaithv 
 
{) 
 
 ti8«ue takes «„ « blue or violet «taln. Fro.u Hwellln.r and 
 dH^enerat.o,, of .apillarv walln. the Iieimti,. .ellH lu twee 
 thene veHHelH are .cnpieHHed. and thiv ia turn hv'ro, , 
 
 nxHtA of Anivloid dejreneiatioM of the Liver 
 
 MACKOSCOIMC EXAM r-Or^an enlarged Hurfa.e 
 
 pale colored with Hon.e irregular veinin^ of a pearlv- 
 ^^1ute c^lor. If a Holution of Iodine be pou.vd over . 
 
 o or"whii: t^r -'•"•^•'•••^— ^"^'' - » nlalM^anv-brown 
 «olo , ^.h,le the 8urro«ndinK tinsne is of a .vellowish .olor. 
 In the Liver jreneraiiy thin Ani.vloid proresH beijinH in the 
 Hmallest eapiharieH, i.e.. about the middle <,f the lobul,' 
 
 "LIVER"— PasMive Coajrewtion. (Xntnjejr Liver.) 
 
 witl.*im?«!'^^*'^' :- Valvular dinease of heart, pericarditis 
 Hith eff«8,on, emphvsenia and all conditions leadin,; t<. 
 inereaHed pressure in the inferior v na eaiva. 
 
 t....'."r"'''-'''^*''''''^ ^-^AM :-l,ilated ."entral or in- 
 tralobular vein with a like .ondition of its surroundi L 
 eapUlaries. These are tilled with blood, and the |1 o^ 
 «ells n the inimednife nei^ri.borhood of central vein ire 
 a rophied and contain granules of brownish pi« ucm. . 
 
 P aces hese evils arc^ entirely replaced by a libmus t ssu 
 espena ly ,n advanced oases. (Vlls of peripherv of c,-' 
 bules show more or less fattv infiltration " 
 
 MACROSCOPIC EXAM:-Orp„. enlargc-d, (in earlv 
 Hta^es, atrcjphieci in later stage, deep colore.! and t^r . 
 On section, hver bleeds freely, mottled, like a nutmeg i e 
 deep red c-entre from dilated vein and c-apillaries, oute'; 
 /-(.ne of lobule is yel.owish from fatty infiltration. In ad 
 vancj'd cases, organ is firm and fibroid. 
 
 *• LH'ER "-Portal Cirrhosis (Syn.) Atrophic Cirrhosis. 
 "GIX DRIXKERS LIVER," Hobnail Liver. 
 ETIOLOGY :-Supposedly to toxines or chemical ir- 
 patic cells, assocmted with an increased number of bac- 
 
10 
 
 AIACKOKCOPIC FV \Af . f 
 
 •■ f.IVKR ••— H,V|».iti-oiiliic Ciiphosia. 
 
 war "we7 ""•'" '" """"""■ '"■■"• ■"""' "-l"-"' i" 
 
 tU-uewSl'T*' ■;=■>'," ■-''"""'■"">"« Of cnneHive 
 «is»iie ^iiuii m nionolo HI ar in <lijii'{ir.f^.. th • .. 
 
 Me «ell8, which atrophy and deirenei-ifp in + 1 V ' 
 MACROSCOPIC E.X.VM:-0,.«„„ „ „„i,„„.b. enlarg. 
 
11 
 
 Hoct|„„, ^.HIowlHh or K,.,...„iHl,, HflKM. ....ifonn or ,„„r.|,,, 
 
 '=3TIOLO(»Y :— f)hMfnn.tion to five oiiffli.w nf i.ii 
 Fr. u condition!, eitlier witliin or w ho„ t 1 .« * '** 
 duct nnrmti;iti» u i *"""'" "" HiThoiit tlio rominon 
 
 MICItOHCOPK' EXAM :-8i„,ilar to h v,h r roohi,. 
 
 obular tiHHue. IV.rianj,io,.|,oliti. ,proI i'f ..^ on o H ' 
 
 uiaia«t«n8ti(. \M„.,t. obHtruction is sudden or r«Mni) ..fe 
 ^^e may get deRoneration of tl.o wl.ole organ ' 
 
 "LIVEK"— Pictou Cattle DineaHe. 
 MlCKOSCOPIOAl, EXAM :_C„„„„.,iv,. ti..,» ,„.„|i 
 
 "LIVER"— gyphilitir Gumma, with Pericellular Cir- 
 
 rhogis. 
 
 ETIOLOGY :_Svphili8. 
 MICROSCOPirAL EX VM • Aa ;„ «• . 
 
12 
 
 d-infof't? *j'':!^^'»'"^ «^ ^'^ a'-terial .oats, n.orv .s„e- 
 lalJ^ of the Intiiuu (Endarteritis Obliterans) whieh iV^,d« 
 to occlusion of the vessels Ti„-« j. . I wuku leaus 
 
 in Svi,li,H« V ^™'s- ihis IS a constant character 
 m ^A phil.s. \ on may have, in addition, recent Lruninnfi 
 
 tfndeail.A to lead to proliferation of fibrous tisane in 
 MACROSCOPIC PVVAf. i 
 
 "LIVER "-Tubercular Hepatitis. 
 
 «'oner7mnH?v t T^'"*'?' .'"■""'"•^■' ''"^ a««o,-iated with 
 o ot ier p/^^^^^^^^^^^ "•• ^^'^•^"•^-'>- ^'> tnbe.ulosis 
 
 arc sen ' it, r "' r^"" '^J"^" ^"^ ''"^ ^° their meshes 
 ui s(en YMth the small round cells, lar«e avoid cells l,.,v 
 
 .West,,! ;:,„',"*'""%'''■".'■''■''''''''' •>■'• •"" '"™«'ion cf „.'w 
 
i;} 
 
 MACllOSCOPICAL EXAM:-H,nall ^.-viKh n«dule« 
 either in capsule or in the liver imrenchyma. Those soon 
 become caseuted and pigmented by bile pigment. 
 
 "LIVER"— Abscess. 
 
 ETIOLOGY :-In tropical climates as a <ompIicati<,n 
 ot .nnoebic dysentery, in p.vaemia following upon suniMiri 
 tive ,.onditions in area from which portal s'vsrenHsTiiv- 
 Wie ducts!*'"' '"Pl^"'''^^'^'*^ conditions in gall bladder and 
 
 grouping of leuco<ytes to complete coagulation no.-osis 
 of central portion. In periphery you may have granulation 
 tissue or fibrosis forming a capsule around broken down 
 
 gle and situated in right lobe. The contents are a bi-owii- 
 ish-red pus resembling anchovy sauce. Inner lavers of 
 walls composed of greyish ragged necrotic tissue, "in me- 
 tastatic form get multiple minute abscesses throughout 
 
 " LIVEK " — Pernicious Anaemia. 
 
 PREPARATION :-,a) Pass through Potassium Per- 
 
 rocyanide. 
 
 (b) Wash in Hydrochloric acid i 
 l)ercent. 
 
 (c) Mount in Farrant. 
 
 w.H ^Z^^^^^^^Y :-Part of general anaemia associated 
 with destruction of red blood cells. 
 
 MK^ROS. EXAM .-Deposit of brownish granules of 
 an iron containing pigment in hepatic and endothelial cells 
 
 voCh "^ '•"" n ^^ \"^'"'"^' ^" ^'^""^ «^^ ^'»>«I- lobule is n 
 ^olved-Hsually only outer two-thirds, the inner third be- 
 ing mtiltrated with fat. By this preparation, the iron as- 
 sumes a Prussian blue color. 
 
 MACROS. EXAM :-Organ very pale colored or 
 brownish-yellow and fatty. 
 
14 
 
 " LIVER "-Periheimtitis (ZuckeiKUHslebr «f Cumh- 
 
 raann). 
 
 ETIOLOGY :-A88oeiated with Cirrhosis nf m, 
 eluona. peritonitis and espec-ially svpllilir ' ' "'"'' 
 
 into Parenchynaaiolrai'^^adin''". "/*'"•'*'« -^-^-^' 
 and doKenenition of cells ** pressure atrophy 
 
 Orpin at times compressed. ** "'" 
 
 " r.n-ER "—Hydatid or Eehinococcus Cyst. 
 
 ETIOLOGY .-Taenia Echinoooccus. 
 
 MICROSCOPICAL EX\MI\ \Tinv n.. 
 
 composed of laminat/- ' - of ;\Tit?.;~^'''' ^?^" '^ 
 to its inner surface iip h * * ^.^ *'^^"^5 adherent 
 
 lets (daughter c^sts\ "tC "i ^^ «^o»<^es or their hook- 
 
 <ontaln tK"sa,ie':L"nts""\T;he";^. '"!?' '^"^ •»^^^- 
 an inflammatory reirHnn ,»!:^ • '•^^'' *''^»^ "t'* "P 
 
 c.vst with fe4a 'proHfe^^^^^^ a fibrosis about thi 
 
 fibrosis nmy lead trnreLZ nL f''^'''!f*i' "^"«- This 
 the hepatie^ceirs'^'it^;;,:? JJ„aS' ''' ^^^^--^ion of 
 
 throu!^:^;!^^^^^^,,,,, fi^t'"^^''^^^^ ^ - ^>^« 
 
 inner parenehyma^J^ f^^^; ''^ c^tS^rlfUid^" 
 
 PANCREAS. 
 "I'ANCREAS "-Fat-necrosis. 
 
16 
 
 calcareous .„|,s, He™ „. „.a,„„„r „an.l„,.„? I'Z . ' 
 
 •• I'AXCKEAW "-Acute Haeuioiil.agic- Paneieatitta 
 
 nr„rrj;Xar„\.:i-r:r^^ 
 
 ^io ^;^^':^^^^' ^^'"^^i -Ory;nn swollen and haemorrha- 
 Rie, lobules enlarged with cor.preHsion of interlo^Llar 
 
 '• PANCREAS "-Acute Suppurative Pancreatitis. 
 
 ETIOLOGY :-Extensiou of suppurative processes 
 ough ducts or fron. neighboring organs, e.gJpoXaT 
 
 MICROS. EXAM :-As in haeniorrhagic form vou 
 may get haenu,rrhagi<. infiltration in small or large^^rer 
 
 MACROS. EXAM ^-Orpm enlaifted, softened witi, 
 areas of aecro.te. wi.ole or^au mavVVom, ,"elv" 
 c-erated fr„„, m.ppuratiou and paurrealie di^es^ ,„ ■ 
 
16 
 
 PANCREAS"— (hr 
 
 onic Indunitive or Ciirlu.tif Pan*' 
 atieig. 
 
 it». 
 
 ratty dt'KciKMation of cellH fi-..nii..nHv ... '"'*'*'. "'"' 
 
 imn^^lna P M "^ ''"""'"•^iv,. tiss,.,- th.oa^l.out 
 imnmhjnm. Po8Hibl.v i-ynU tInouKl.out oijrau. 
 
 GASTKO INTESTINAL TI{A(T. 
 " STOMACH "-Acute Catarrhal Enteritis 
 
 .>a.t™^:!:!^tr'-"^^'"' "•-"-•''-' ^'-- ana 
 MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION : _ Cvlindri. -,1 
 
 •ound c-Hls these ,.ens ma.v extend into subn.nedr T ' 1 
 m\cros^o^^^^^^^^^^^ I' '•""^'" "^^^''^ •" ^'- "— • 
 
 MA( ROS( OPICAL EXAMINATION : _ Mueous 
 •nembrane reddened, possibly haeniorrhajjic (if very sJv 
 ^.-e) and covered with thick layer of tenaHous nnuus. 
 
 "STOMACH "-Chronic Catarrhal Gastritis. 
 ETIOLOGY .-Continued or repeated acute attacks, 
 
^':tzz^',j!!^t^^P^ 
 
 •HI- will, |.rolif..r i,J ' "' "'•'•'''■"'■'■'''I"" "' .•.>li,Hl,.|,„| 
 
 "' .i.e ,uh,.i',.,., ,..ii:'ki ';;;;'';,"' t"-'"""" 
 
 ■yolir. .I„.i,- |,„„i„„ l„.i„u I .;, „','" «'""'", ""i.v l"-"n„. 
 ">"l ""l."«; I,,,,.,- ,1„. L ml- ,1 " " '■' ' •'"" 
 
 j" ■>«• ."-"M-.m,,,; :' ' :;;;;:;;■ ■""""-■'v'-' ^"■■;- 
 
 ll"> nluouM ti-„„. „l,i,- 1,^,. I "'""•''\""<<^>»K ill.-.-,-,,-,. „f 
 
 '■""'«) will, „■!.„„ .,.,?-,""'•";"■' ■'." "'''*'•'■ 
 
 •'" ""• <„«t„ „„„• |,„ .t".„,..,'" ""• "iK'i'-titial r,„.,i, 
 
 .V ointnu'ted. 
 
 ""' ""' »'B«n may be maik..(li 
 
 •'™»'-^<'»"-I'.-|>tl.o,.Uo„„dl-,eo,.. 
 
 -l.<MvJ,rZmMf„?;r"*''' '" •■"'°™"'' JounK women 
 •■»l-.iall, of the Id a™*- * il^rh "»"<■".'.••'»"■"• I,a™-, 
 
18 
 
 KUk..,« ,,,„v Ik. ,.n J, .J .. 1 ' * "''H-^'r- niivHf,,,,.. 
 
 '•»- toward ,„.,'• ,r:''''^'''^'""^ -"•' "•* 
 
 l'HKPAHATI(>X.._AHfo,.An.vloidLiv,M.. 
 AHK.M.,af,Ml with ani.vlnld ilouvuvuMiuu of ..ti. . 
 
 "IXTKSTIXKK'-TvplH.id. 
 umm/;!!''"' =-»"«iHuH Tvphi Abdo.„i„aliH. 
 

19 
 
 *'^age there is swel n. " H. r ''""'• ^" *''^ "''^^ 
 patches fornnnrdisH- .•'.'•■ ^"""^^ ^""' l'*'.^-^''« 
 
 Of bowel; the^.':^ 'o e r;*;^: Kvrr '""-» 
 
 patches ,nav ulcerate til '^oks pale. Later these 
 
 '^-P»' ^'^n-tio^; ;;;,.^'' , :;i::^^, ! -i"^ tl. areas of 
 
 axis correspondinj; to that < f owe T. 7'''" '"^"* '•^"^' 
 ««'ddish aud iflisteuin.r !JVl\ ^'•♦' ''ase is smooth. 
 
 ^unedand<Jt;.;:^n;;;;:;;;;rrL':r''% 
 
 face mav be bih. stainerl ti. V ^^-'t*''- The anr- 
 
 iLc .„,.„• „f „K. IV .™ ';,,,,.'■ Ti;; '""■'■ •"'.'■"" ""•™"i 
 
 I'd exc,.,,f wliiMv ;,' l,„.,iuwi Tl<. s,.,-„s„ „ not ,illf,.. 
 
 -!«■.. ,v,',i..h i„ abo,,;";:';::?,,,';;;;:''""'''" '- ^'•' "" '>•'■ - 
 
 •■ IXTKSTI.NE-S ■•_T„1„.,,.,„.„. fUeraHo,,. 
 
 nodule. ,n„v 'x. 'rf C '.;,;;!,k'''-''' ""'' «'"'"""■■ '""-e 
 snbsemns lv„,„l,. fi, 7 ■"'■">".> and „,f„ nin«,ulaii,. In 
 
 ■nn.v be ir,',,,; " "'""""■ '"^"■""^ '""<'-»l'"- ""dnle, 
 
 ^ *nd da..,, a^r;;/,;:: „ ^':s■'; ™»3 n".'»^« ■- 
 
 ma.v have the followin.- ehnnoie, ,'■ t^ '''"''"''« down, 
 f«™,ed by the <.hv,,la,. m ,,",H7Av;r?''' "'r' "'"'* ''' 
 '-: .'.e ed«e. a.. I.oaped ..;;'b'n;";;lVVnZ';;rdr;ie;r 
 
20 
 
 Jong ;ixi8 extends arouiul tlie bowel in t.. 
 Ivuiplmties. Sometimes t„ . ^'"' "*'*"'''<' "^ <'"' 
 
 the bowel wit!, L k e.l T' '"''''" ""'"'''•^ '"".^- ♦'»"•'''•••'" 
 
 tlH.n., thus g nl' htm s "m "^ "' """■"^^' separating 
 'Inlc's in the s bse ' „s hn i"' ^'I'I«'a.an<e. The no- 
 
 and these eas.M.us • ,• . • m: V . '' '""'' "'^ ^''^' '"'"'' 
 
 the bowel, givi„;it';ri,;a;;r;;;;.r'"' ^"'^ ^-'"^ — • 
 
 a« shott/l^odies ' ""' "'••'"'•" •"" •"' "'^'<Je out 
 
 •• INTESTINES ■'-Tn,pi,.all>vse„te.vN-. 
 
 cian^r^:;;/,;;::;;;;--'--- A.e.,ses,.e. 
 
 .Afay get petechial j,.,,. 
 
 " INTESTINES "-A„,vl„i., n,.«..„,.,.„,i„,, 
 of tlio watorv dianl.o,.,,. ' ^ "'"■" ""' '•^"""' 
 
 ••ration of mus.le cells. ^ ''^'''•' ""^ '^^«'^°- 
 
 MACROSCOPICAL EXAMIX VTIOX • Vt i 
 
 msmm 
 
■'■V1TEX,.,XVE«.M,P„H,,„.._.,,„„.„^,...,.^ 
 
 ^-.-iallv those o;U 'I ;t ;■"''"''"." ''' ^■*""''^' 
 
 '''"'""•••'•'''>«<'s if .-ondition'is v.M V s mV,-!!''- ■ t/* ^"'""^''^*' 
 '"i»y pass on to an ulcM-.tiv,. fv •. • ''"' 1"''"'''«» 
 
 ••""selv intilfatcd wi,]. „„s . ' Is Tl,,: , , * '^"^^ ••"- 
 '•"1 Off f,.„ni tlu-onihosis of .... r •"'<''"" supply is 
 
 Apua tl.oro nv ■ '^;'"f '"'->s appcMulintis). 
 
 •'•'^^•'....•ation of n. r s. V " '" ";''' ''^•""''•^' ^'"'^ 
 
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 
 
 LUXGS. 
 Acute Pleuiitis (Pleniisy). ' 
 
 . ^^^''^f in Pneumonia, and a.-ronipanyin^ it. 
 
 «.iai la er, aiv consisted w^^"'^^^^ '" ^''•' ""P^"'- 
 
 r.vtes around them On tl e In f '^"'^ ^-^"dation of leuoo- 
 
 «l<nn with a fo a smaH i.n ?i ,"'*^' '' ''^^••^' ^'"" ''».^-^''' of 
 
 lial cells of the nlem-n \Z ""i '" '" '•^^"- ^he endothe- 
 
 ^«'(ond stJiie ie^ nm; • **'''''"'^" '^"'^ ^'^'"•iv- In the 
 
 l^'-o. there is a ma^Hced round^^'^l.rd S^ftio„:^Th? 
 
oo 
 
 P'ieumonia. * ' "^' *" '^ '"".^- ••«' "SHo.iatcl with a 
 
 Around tht-s,. ail ,» o'.;. ^ * " ''-^"^li't'' on tUv s„,faco. 
 -inch hUer ,...0.;^; fiK ^ ^lU"; " ' "!;^'"'^^- '""«. 
 •il>«oi.bod and thH wh(,Je ox id , . 1 . ^'"' ""''' l*'"'^ «« 
 '•onnootive tissue. ^-^''^ato thus Ihhuuws o.j.a..i,ed 
 
 MACKOS. EX V.M —I,, ti 
 al surfac. With so.. ..1 I '^"•"'" «'"<' opacitv of ;,|,.,„.. 
 
 brane which can ^ 10 d h V " T'"^'"'' "'""I"'* '""">- 
 pleural surface. So ,n nn •..rs?.?'"'' ""' '''^* -"«l'<'nod 
 ••»vity. In tho Hta« of m.,: ' T- '"''"V"^ '" ^'^^^ P'*^'"-a« 
 white fflistonin^^ S>„f, S,!^ '•« a donso 
 
 ^a.e of phM„.a, ami bo p • ' r "Vvf '^ '"^ '"" ^'"- 
 bound to-othoi- oitlior • « . ' ^"■*''"' '•'.^'^'''^ mavbe 
 
 by thin b^nds Of «bn>„rt;;";.r''"''*"" "■^- ^"•^' -• '--'^ 
 
 TubeiTulai- Plouiisy, 
 
 Tho pi'ocoss lioio ist lii-oii- *^ I 
 prinripalfoaturosb^iL^ht!' ^"^ ''' '''•'''^"••' ^»''. tho 
 
 eninjr of tho n.o ub^ ie^wt ^ r'' T'^'^''- '^^ ^^'^^'^ tluok: 
 
 •-tion as in tubo.Ssii'^f ^x?':;;!;;!;:^ ^'"^ '•• " ^- 
 
 " LUNG "-.Acute Isobar, ^Fibnnous o.- r.oupous Pnou- 
 
 infec™'''^''''^^ ^-Exposure to cold with Pnoumoco.cus 
 The folowin^. four stages may bo roco^ni^od :- 
 1st stage.— Consostion. 
 -nd. stase.-Itod Hepatization. 
 
 4th' ' ^'^-l''*^-^' Hepatization. 
 4th. stage.— Rosolutiou. 
 
 " r^rxo "-Congestion. 
 MICROS. EXAM .-Vessels through 
 
 out lung 
 
 are 
 
•an be well neiu /, i... ^' '"*-""*"'" '"'" "'^""'i -vImH 
 
 «v(l blocd .hIh „1 s ' ^^.^^i t^ «*:I'«'<1 inflltrati,,,.. Son.o 
 of air 8ar8 Hwnll i ,' '"^" ""• •«■"«• Kpirlu-Iial .His 
 
 s.ua;n^;;;;^S';;i;;:;;;;;|^;{-;^--"^i"K a„<,. i„ „,.....,, ^e. 
 
 .M.H Of dorp rod 'olo ^hn^hf r"^i""' somewhat oodomat- 
 floats in water "' '"* «"''f»^e. Section 
 
 "LUNG"-Ked Hepatization. 
 
 MICROS. EX \M —I,, fi.jo 
 f-avitios are filled m. win ti /ir'"-"'" "^^'' ^''-'r air 
 •'-Ik is fornu"l ,^ c- , r,n ,/'i^ fo lowmf, exudate :-The 
 
 and still foMor larjro epi holi- r -Vll t'-^''"'' '*;'""'><«'^ 
 pletelv tills and distemi^ Vi J • ^'"*' <'X"<lato com- 
 
 <l.e al\oolar "' llr fro e ' „n^^^^^^ '^"^"^ ^'^^-'^ '" 
 
 file exudate. VoJoU intho'L^^ fi'oni compression of 
 
 in tl.e interlobul rseVt^. -o on? 'f 'i ""^ ^^'^ P'^'"'" ''"^ 
 of the lower lolo Wm? t' i ^^^-'^^^''l' ^^^pecially M.oso 
 
 'lifi"l. m-m mid noi ••ei.iV-^.f n .■ « ™"'l'letol.v soli- 
 
 " I.Vyn "— Orc.v Hepatization. 
 '"in'neStfwM'lV.TH,';; ?„"' '"T'" "* "''" "">«" <•""- 
 
 i.i.«.a. portion "™;pis>'' ,;';7''''s.';r'T ""''*"•^- 
 
24 
 
 MACROS. ].]\ V M . m. 
 
 •milrnjil ran |„. h(i-ii„.,i ...v . '"" "•"» |»iii iiN'iit 
 
 V">y nnvlv ,ha, ol.,! 'l'^ I'' /;V7'-''"'-'. ''•''-. >H i< is 
 
 ;!'i ^*r,„..s of ,1... wis,^.s," A ,; '^, ;;.:i;7'''''''' 'i- ^vpi• 
 
 ";•' P">*>«>-n^' inio il.al of ;,,v' h rnVl / in T" '"'I""'/-" 
 
 M-.nsv p,.o„vss.s Win. T,..:Vz;:;:;;^;:'!; ••;;'•-;■'• '''"•■ 
 
 ••LrX(; •'-Shi^M. „f KcsohKiuri. 
 -MK'KOS J':\ \M . Ti. 1 
 
 tlH' alv.M.li. llns , „J i' '^""'■^"'f^' f''»". llH. walls of 
 
 •'•••'-. am, fan..iion is Jm^pI:^:;;';!^;;;^ 
 
 Hion.hi A,ut.. ('a„„,.l,al HronH.itis 
 
 KTIOUXJV.— AI(-ish.« „., 
 ♦'xposme to rold. ' ^>lioo,„„KMon;r|,. i„n,„.„zn. 
 
 Hnu,ifI!,,lnd't,^^,^iJJ,ii-;;|;;;;;''-.^^ 
 
 '■"••'' I" ""'"V .asos/ /m :^ ,.n r ri'.t .H.al li„in^. ,vlls 
 »••<' •l<*sqMan.atinL. T •:,*?.""' <l<'^^<'n.Mallou, a.ul 
 «.i»..'n,lotl,olial I:?o,- ../;',. b^'T/''""' •'**l""'""llv tl.os. of 
 
 MACIiOS. EX \M —Tliwi' V 
 
 •- -....what od.n.ato„s, a..,/';;;.;!^;';- 1^^^/;^:;^!:''"^^' 
 
 •'I^ROXCHI •'_(', .„i,. Cata....l.al IWhitis. 
 ^«'(> Clirnnjc C'l+Mj-f-iiM! /< ^ - • 
 
<'H llMni-,lim- .liMvj.H,. '"*"•"*•"• •'"^'"" v.-u.m* ru„n.s,io„ 
 «;M.lMna, Ik..,. ,lu. fonn of ,,„ npin 
 
 oils |l|||-s ii, I.I .>,„lii, 
 •Is (<"ll|-Sl||l,.MI.Il's 
 
 ■• fJXii •• |.;iii|,|,vs,.„iji. 
 
 r' "-'"" A.-';:';:i;:;;jr'r;; ^»' ■ ■■'•• ■■'.■ 
 
 <-l.iiii;j,.. '• i«»>'iH. and lis a i]m-iis:h...-.v 
 
 <..,.. ....lav.,. ' ;' ""i!|':^- ."'-•'■^'-'- 'i.,.v ,.;;, 
 
 *'"• '''^•'■••''"- walls i';. "';^'''";^>* •<• |..-..ss..n. of 
 
 p''''-s ui",' t !:^^^^ ""•' "'-'-«. -Hi i . 
 
 -i.i.'-ir., ah. !-l::;;:;!: -n if, ';,;;:';;::''';''■"-•'' ''--^ 
 
 «J"«* t., ,,..„.tial ,....,,I,v„, ... ' ••nn.|K..,safo.-v for.,, is 
 
 "» assoJiat..,, a,/;M-;oi:i";;s;s ""^- '"" ^•-'•.-..mv ...v. 
 
 -IP'M ami apin-s ,w ,i^r. '*^' '":'' "'••'"•' ^'•'"•"i'-us, 
 
 "i«' l.^l.t in o!,,. n. V. '".""•'^ inv(.lv,.,l. an.l .b.-so 
 
 '''1... s,M,il,. fo., , sJ,o«r nr, . ' .'d' ''''''^'- ^.'■""' "'♦' '"•'>'"•'"• 
 
 "LrNG"_(V,|lapso. 
 piniial (aMtv. pln-,r,ns of bronchi. 
 
26 
 (aStJ£);''^' ^•^^"' ^-^ "> -«'^'.v new horn infants 
 
 of interstitial Sue oV/ZKr^* n '''''': "^ ^^ ««"" '"»«« 
 bular septa. In tLt^eont 7""' r'^'' *''^' '"^♦''''o- 
 'ininj,' ^> if" vesicle" e no, 'f,V.? """?' ^''V ^I>'t''e»«l cells 
 those who have breathed b t Kr''''^ ""'' "''"^*"*^*^ "^ '« 
 «hai,e. and occunv V I-re .^m / ^'T-'' '"''' '»"'"'' ^uboidal in 
 
 times purplish, flrni fi^sh Jn"^' '' f*'^* ""'"'•^*^' «*»'"^- 
 water. ' ' "^^''■^' non-crepitant and sinks in 
 
 "LrNG"_Lobnlar, Catarrhal or Broneho Pnenn.onia. 
 
 ETIOLOGY .—T'suallv fnii»x,. 
 more espec-iallv the c api 1 n-v tnn' T'- ' ^V""'''^^'«' 
 
 '"^ M;"k^'V^^^''^'^ '- -i in mea^Lr ^""•""^"•'^- ^- 
 »;tance are ^om!^ .^^J'^!;^- of the l„n« snb- 
 
 distribution of certain bronddThpr'''^''*""^ ''"''^' '^'^ 
 acute bronchitis. The einn' J " • ^ '' '^ ''" associated 
 is catarrhal in tvpe i e it L '^ .». '"'^''f ^."^^ ^*^''»^' «^''i"<»n« 
 numbers of hirge epi^^e 1,1^/^?'''^ ''^ '""•"« ^•^'^ '^"'g^^ 
 ^^Pithelium) witfleToev eJ an ^ ^'■"'" '"''°^' 
 
 neighboring alveoli'.hoNv Lnu de^-ee of"*' '^"^- ^''^ 
 emphysema. atj?iee of comi)ensatory 
 
 MACROS. EX \Ar — oni,- ^ * • 
 the lungs are involvedl-t?, 1^. T/'n'ourh "' J^';"'"^ ^'^ 
 face of the lung as deei, i, nliri " "* ^.'-''""^ ^''*' ^"i"- 
 Pitant, firm and sink iVVS'^'C'^f' '''"•'' ''"''' """'•'•^'- 
 aceompanied bv pleurisy "" '^ »«* usually 
 
 " T^^-^'G "-Chronic Venous Congestion, 
 or Urown Induration. 
 
 Cardiac Lun< 
 
 '" be beaded Sr va L.e it ,17 ?'' ""'I"' *""■>■ '''PP*'" 
 .ed, and in fhem there U a eon.n m *""' "«■ ""'•k''''- 
 
27 
 
 cleated cells in nmn ^ v .1, 'T "'^" ""'""^ nuiltMiu. 
 en-brown pi«nient r-u.di.w , ''*'''*^ '** " ^^'l'"«'t '•f ^'''W- 
 
 ai-e iny red bI<K>a ;<';«. The'S,,,l' !n th "T '"/^^ ^'^^^'^^ 
 are K.xckened from HI.i-.n.« t:. . i *''^ alveolar walls 
 
 eells lining a veo a" r Zid.'?"'* i"'^''^*;^'^^""- Kpithelial 
 
 cosa 18 contrested with .... T* ^'" '"«>a<lna mu- 
 
 "'iua. Th^vthoie o,^., "r^'"/"'*^"* exudation into in- 
 fi-equently lldekened *" "*' ''"''"''' «^"'"'^J- I''-'"-^ i« 
 
 ed and lieavv I»1p„,... i. ,;..*'' '^ :— Lung enlarj;- 
 
 e^peciallv along 1 ilts of ntl^?,/' ?""'' '^'"^^•»''^'' ->'»''' 
 amount of frothy scM-um ev... J "'"'' "'^l'*'*- ^^ ^''^'e 
 i« crepitant ancfle^Vio "tl^^ 'ij^^^^^^^^^ ^'jr-- . Z^"^' 
 -a congested, oedenn.tous, fZX^ ^.^^^:i' ^::Z 
 
 "LrXG "-Infarct. 
 (See Infarct of Kidney). 
 
 tincS;^^'j^-~^'^S\.o.n;''"" "'"^" "'"^^ ^--^ 
 
 '•hroni,. pleuritic eflusioll ^^'"I""^^«'«" "^ 1""^, as from 
 
 tive tissue frame woH- nfth^Y}. :— The connec 
 veoli show Sed rtl>rou^J oHf""* •'''^* ^^'"'^ '^^ '''^' «>" 
 contraction, obstruct n - nd n^ 'I "*" ^^'^'' eicatycial 
 air vesicles If it is d'ue to nn "V".^' ^''" '"*«"''" 'i"*l 
 exudate, then new ca„n ries "rlT"'"^'''" ''^ " «^^''"^»"« 
 date, with later prSra^n of fihrr T '"^« ^''' ^■^"■ 
 
 va.e the - JsSail!- J^^^^^ ^/^^^^^^^ 
 
28 
 
 dilated (hronel.i,."ta;ys)! '' '^•'^'" 1""'^'""« ^«-<<»'"'»^ 
 
 or than nonnal. tinn and huIh. "p^^^^^ ^""•"■ 
 
 thickened and densely adherentT, .H.t i . ''^ ''''*'"'*" 
 tissue at border enn.hvs " •. „s ^* '''" "'j!^' '•«>♦*'• I^nng 
 and fibrous: i.l.Mn-iti.i /..'.! i , " ''*'*'^'''" *''*'^"^ '« tinn 
 
 i"toIun.ti;^,^a,:M md'o^^hUi^r'T';"^-^^ ^••'••" '* 
 tissue. (\ivities .i;. i • . i^""'' J'''"^teninf,' (on.ie.tive 
 
 <<Marse of the bio^.-ur ''''''''*^' "•" ^"""'^ ^»'<>»^' the 
 
 "LL.\U"_Pneumono-Konio8es or J)ust Diseases, 
 ant ^^"^^'^^ES :_The following are the n.ost nuport- 
 
 .!• -).»;'"'.««-"«is or Coal-Miner's Phthisis 
 
 .. S.I.eos.s. rhalieosis or Stone-Mas, fs Phthisis 
 
 •3. S.deros.s, or Xeedle-CJrinder's Phlhisis 
 
 1— AXTHIUCOSIS. 
 dust™''h;^„'|^^^ '~^^'' h,n«-continued inhalation of coal 
 
 pigment is found in tl . fo^i!: • "^^'^ ■ ~ < oal blaek 
 
 toralveolar a, d inteil L! " ''■'".^' Positions, vi^.: ]„ ,i,e in- 
 
 ^'Pithelial or >h ^o.- ^Vi"^,, T '"wV'-'.?' '"^-'"^^'^^ '" *h« 
 haled it is bro " ht bV t . ni. . I' ^'"V l'i^'""'»t is in- 
 
 spaces in the abl^^ll'n.ent ei a J!;?' l^d'^H ''^ '""P'' 
 «'d along these simces nnVi ^li " '^ t''^" deposit 
 
 These irritatinfT^ Sdes produee'n"""'^^''^ '''''''' ' ■^"«- 
 tion with vimsToJiion Z<n.^^^^^ 'f'ac- 
 
 *ells, thus leadhl ?n ti^no ' ''^''^^''l^'*;" '>f fibroblastic 
 with thi^-keninsot^ho J- 1 s of th?h,""^J''''''^'' ^'""•^'^'^n 
 the intinia beeVunes "hi keno-1 /i ^ "^""^ ''''''^'*'- ^^'l'^" 
 loses its nutritivrAiimh r^^ ^•"'"*^. ^''"^ deposited 
 
 Of these fibrouV 3lL '""nSrosrSTir^^ ^"^''•^•^■ 
 then are recotrnized hv tiw.;.. ^ -^ ^^^^^^ "'"^as 
 
 -e. The bronchi «how a ^m^^'^^l^.S^ ■- ^- 
 
29 
 MACROSCOPICAL EX. VMI V vtu.v 
 
 Tl... „,„„o ,.|„uk™ t k 1,,, ', "'■'■'','"•':'< l'ii-'"-"t„ti,„., 
 
 "ile«, ..Hpe.iallv the fo •,,,., V.i .l;<''il'l»liiliiiil fis 
 
 '•aseous. "'H'" .mu noioid, ticiucntlj 
 
 -• ^"^K'OSIH. .{. SIDEROSIS. 
 
 the P^nu:;:;' i«'uf!!^s/<!;^";;:r,;;:^^ ^''^<m>'-- '>"t 
 
 far inoiv brittle and rr t .tin- ». I»«««-ti.l«'s boinj; 
 
 "■'O'™'- --:■'; --.:H;.!;;7S'-;i;r;!:;:::™ 
 
 " LCXCr'-Dissen.inatod MHiary Tab,Mrulosis. 
 
 over tl.e mnface of Uxl ^uu^^lr^hZ^U^ '' "T ^'"'^^'^'•^'^l 
 ish masses about the ni/ Jf si .?n « /?^"''"'*^"^ ^''•^>- 
 Innf; tissue is red ^ Z.^Le tlu!^ ' ''"' ;"^'''-^'*'"'»« 
 throughout the luuV If t ^e^ mt'of n„";^' ?'" "''"'^.^^^^ 
 fhen thev are -eneAllv Ji<^^,,Mf?>H v '^''f'"»/oKinous oripn 
 
 bron..hof;enie o i^i u^ ^n^^^^^^ ''"' '''""''''• ■■^" ^^ 
 
 '•ertain bronchi \VhertLv .1 ' '^f '''""'"-'^*^ "''out 
 Pjeuris, they are ^ulmted*^ d:;::;:'^^ !:i '"JT;'""'''"^ 
 along the interlobular septa. ' I'ienra and 
 
 " LTJXG "—Chronic Tuberculosis with 
 
 Cavitation. 
 
 stainins ™»<-o,« n.aterial; the .eSpmZfn, T,'- """■ 
 »-.e „,a, .,av. been expeo,„™ted, leavin'^^r^.^/JI'Tpa": 
 
.•50 
 
 with uit-a of H.inouuding caHeation i,. ti. 
 thiH niHvatUm there are m.riVh.n? „ ^" !''*' I'^''''PIhm-.v of 
 ill the Liver) with a mule mo f ' ' '"''■'*"''-^' ^^^'^''ibed 
 "UU end..th(.|ia! Vis V t' ' ''':"^'"" "' «'"»il •ound 
 •a.ve-i. there i« a wel „uu*k h1 .-oMf "'T"' ^'"''^ "^ ^"i« 
 
 be iiitlltrated Vvith n.e na ts fo , I ' '""''V^"* *'"'*"" '"".^ 
 K.aunh,r inasn. New tube rle« !,"*-'," ^''^'t^'^^' «**•'""'« 
 the lunj,, esiKMiallv i. tt p .=1^^ L ;r J"'''"^ throughout 
 interlobuh.r Jvn.phati.s ,nd i. 'i »'^''''^'^«^"lai- "nd 
 
 « »"«1. latter u-ienlbm e ;,how« „ t^^/ tiT'' . "' .^^'^•"••*' 
 "'♦^iit. The iiiterveiiinLr l.in.r """^♦'♦^ tubercular involve- 
 •ouKolidated, prod (S immi ,'"* ^''^'I'^'ntly beronies 
 "louir phthisii ^^ '""*^'*'"" '^»«^" »« acute p„ou- 
 
 (leusely adherent to chest w,, II pi \; ~ ^^""« '» 
 
 P't'HontK on its surface bluish ';.,noi'-";'" ^''•^•'^^•"*'J ^'nd 
 
 section, the ploura'is Sd mu I i\"\""*J"!"«N >vhile on 
 <aseatio„. The sa ne m i'""'"'''' ^'t'' areas of 
 
 l<.bular septa. T roui tT '" ^"""^ ""'^"^ *'"* '"^er- 
 
 ;;«n^Mn« in'si.e fron tl at a wahn? i" h'"'"" "''♦' '"^'ti^^H 
 The.v contain vellowis VpL"^ ""I ^" ^''•'' "^ »» '"aajre. 
 -; .>f 11 '-..^ed'^^l^t's' a di^^S ^ :••-,-? ".« "- thicken- 
 which is deeply piuniented I . ./''* '""**'* »"'face 
 .»i^*io«« bands: .on" spond^nir to .T *'"* '"y'^"''^ '•'** »»■ 
 lobular septa, ^'ivin^ ? " c^t'itv .. ^'.'^ ''^""^'^ «"^ inter- 
 aiH-*^. Around thete caM*}. I'' / ''""r.v<-«"'bed appear- 
 Hbrous <.aps„le. The .ont 4 s .f '•. *' ^'"" '""''^^♦l 
 
 ij^ed connective tissue oithlv, k '*?'"'^-'' '"•'•^' *«* «'«an- 
 salts fo,.n.in, !"ca;e"ul'"Lduie'' "t^^^^^ 
 l.v>npli fflands are enlarged ilurn^JJl' i ''i^ P<^"broncInal 
 
 i" a general pvaem^ «; f r^m'"? ''*' "^^ ^^''*^' '" ^he lunj, 
 
 ^KVXdKEkE nm .ISO ""''"^^'^'^^ pneumonia, 
 
 pneumonia. '•• '""*' "^•^•"'' '»« a complication of 
 
31 
 
 ' cii{(i:latorv svstkm. 
 
 HEAUT. 
 
 "lIEAKT"-('Iouil.vHwi.||lnj;. 
 Hee eloud^v Liver. 
 
 MIEAKT"-FHtnvI„rtlt,atiou. 
 
 umiimi HH fatty hinnlH befwecn imiH.le buiulleH T!,p 
 tibres .f aff,M.UMl at all. hIm.w ,mvksu.v at.o, v 
 
 MACKOS. EXAM :_H„b,.,.H.anlial fa! t ,„nd. in- 
 ••••nmMl .u amount. (),. se.-tion. vHh.wi.l. hands of f 
 •an he seen to dip down from pericardial surface between 
 tlie darker bauds of the heart muscle. 
 
 "HEAKT "-Patty l)e^re„eratiou. 
 PREI'ARATIOX :-A8 for Fattv Liver 
 
 or malnutiition, e.^r. m severe anaeu.ia or arterio-selerosis 
 of .oronaries bacterial and chemical toxines, er Sep ' 
 aemia. Phosphorous poisoning, etc k- ^epik 
 
 lattA de^en^-ration of Liver 
 
 es^ .^nfy7^'^\ ^^'^^^ =-""*'"'*^ *^ !•»••' '•"'"••••d ("> patch- 
 wnwi "' ^r«^'^«nd flabby. Pallor especiallv ma.ked to 
 v^ards endocardial surface, in nuisculi papiilares ■ ml ,o?" 
 "mnae carnae. Muscle often resembles iiied leaves. 
 
 " HEART "-Acute Endocarditis. 
 
 fmlS^A^^'J :-Acute articular rheumatism. 
 
 MICROS. EXA M :-At the attachment of the vegeta- 
 tion to valve are {jreat numbers of small round cells 
 whKh also mtiltrate the subjacent endocardium. On sur- 
 
32 
 
 MIIH at |HMill of loUUHf ,|ir (J..!,nu„,iii|t...l <....! I 
 
 llKAieT"-.u,..,„i, Kml,„,,,|i,m. 
 
 It 
 
 thirkriun- of ,M.,l.,n„,ii„n, ()„ m„.f..' /"""'"'r'"' 
 
 n.l.M,vous .!,.;,......,., non lu.s n,k.„ ph,,-. tl m .. 't 
 
 •n (K.'iHM- av..H <,f this H,„o„s a.va , «nun.lar ,1 .ph 
 
 «alt8 .l..,,osit«'W in tlH- fairy a,i,l«. ."<•>'. oi.h 
 
 MACROS. KXAM :-\V«,.taf ions in .I.Ih f,,,-.., ui. 
 mn] tinn and tlbn>id. vah. se.Mn.nts ,HHk..,vd, a in,- 
 
 .'Has^n. tlnrUMied valve, o.- in lat.M- .ondition, . .- l.-a.-ons 
 
 "HEAKT"-Anit*' ricmitivi. Kndoraiditis. 
 ETI()L()(;V:__,„f,.,.^i^.^. ty,.,. „f ,„,,to cndocaiditis 
 
 (vlir ^'""^'^'^*''""" ""^^ '•• ^'- '^"««< •• ivpaiativ. pro 
 
 '— t's platv inulmjr to formation of uhvr« on wl.i I. 
 «>iHla,y dn,ositK of tibnn mav fonn. '' '""' 
 
" HEABT".-Brown Atrophy. 
 -fe^, Kl'LVld^dS^ exhausting di«oa«es, 
 
 -n-e thin; the bundles of nins nV... ff "" '^*"^'''* "'"«'« 
 
 ated Transverse HtH^r ifCtr " Th:f •'^' "'^"i'- 
 p.»8it of pigment at both poles (.;.i|„,K.ieinf ", ," ^"'• 
 brownish eolor. This i.i.rnu.nt : i V *'^ '' P>Iden «.r 
 specimens. I»»«iuent is best seen in uns^aimnl 
 
 MArROSCOPIC EXVAflWTinv 
 
 walls thin, muscular tissnJ V.f . i , ^^ i~ "*'^''t «">«". 
 Hrm consistence o so tiLf-in."^^^^ '^ ^'■"^^'"'^'' •'•''"•' '>f 
 
 ••owed (more especial v the „!;/..•.' "'•«'"" r"""'^vhat nar- 
 phyj. i"iaii> The mitral onfl,.,. ,•„ y^„i^, .^^^.^ 
 
 " HEART "-Hypertrophy, 
 work and strain, diseases T.f LI • , .<li-'nkingj. over- 
 
 =^s^^f^,S2n--vS, „... 
 
 -.d ..„.«.,„„e „„„i„a..™ a,v:',::.i^Ti';i:.ti,;:,«rd!i,,,r"- 
 
 •• HEART "_A.„t<.M.v„,,„diti«. 
 
 Two forms, viz.: — 
 (a). Circumscribed 
 lb). Diffuse. 
 
 A.-ute rircumscribed Myo<-arditis or Abscess of Heart : 
 
 ^-^■^^^'^^in,X';:f:V''''':\ -•'^----^''ai or 
 
 arteries, as in sei tk-aemi^ Ln •'"'" through coronary 
 '•arditis. ^^PtHaemia, pyaemia and ulcerative endo- 
 
 -«^^;n:^^;?^, ^'\!^^^'^^-~^^^ heart 
 
 •'ither a single abscess of h^t^\!. ) ^^ • ~ ^''ere is 
 I'aemorrhagic or necrot^,^ ire- ! vT'^ "• '""•'^^P'^ "^»""^^ 
 of a pin's head to Ztof a chem ' tS '" 'T '•'^"' ^^«* 
 open into endocardium or Urtai^ial s "" ''"'^^"" '"^'^ 
 
:j4 
 
 Atute Diffuse Myocarditis. 
 
 eral fn^W ^' ^~'''''"'' '"^ '"'^'^'^'""^ ''''*-''' »»d gen- 
 MICROSCOPIC EXVMIVVTrnv. ti 
 
 £ ir - "--• ^^ -- sK,:v:^;^^::iv;;» 
 
 muscle fibres are granular and opaque witli indistincl st i 
 ation, frequently vacuolated and segmented 
 
 MACROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION iMuscle liirl.t 
 
 '• HEART "-Clironic Myocarditis. 
 May be circumscribed or diffuse. 
 
 sclero^s^i;,^^^ =-^«"«^inK "f»te; secondary to arterio- 
 scleiosis and disease of coronaries; secondary to disease 
 of heart yalyes and pericardium ' "'*'*''»«*' 
 
 MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION :-ArPas of con 
 nectne tissue throughout the heart between muscle 
 
 Hith gianular and fatty degeneration of niU8<l(. fibre; 
 If process is early there is simply a proliferation of fibre' 
 blastic cells between muscle fibres. "♦'••i"on ot fibro- 
 
 MACROSCOPICAL EXAMIN VTTOV ti...^ t . 
 heart muscle there are whifrorgr^iri^glisTeniirband 
 of connectiye tissue running in the -Hnes' of tr^nXt 
 fibres. This is especially well seen in the pai" fa-y mnl 
 mrscle."^'"" - I^--t>ly some fatty degenerSon «7 h^n 
 ''HEART"— Pericarditis. 
 
 t^ee Pleurisy. 
 
 BLOOD VE^^SELS. 
 
 "ARTERIES"— Acute Suppuratiyo Arteritis. 
 
 ETIOLOOY :— From suppuration surrounding yes- 
 sels, or from infected emboli. 
 
 K«rm 
 
35 
 <"ll..c-.i„n« of " e»M,: " ' """f '•'•'<"' "'"Itratio,, with 
 
 ••ARTER,E8"_Ae,.,eP,.,.d,K.,iveAr,err,i.. 
 
 li" arteritis,. '«»'"'•».> to tUronibo»,» within (tlirom- 
 
 ^Jlt'^Sa^^'^wltr.?'",, '"''"■'' """ ""—«•'» »"• 
 
 .1... Penetratlr of Zw . ::eir,f„!,,''';r'""'"- '■""' *'"' 
 Tlu,» ,l,r„,„b„H becomes orgaled " ™"" '"""■■'""• 
 
 i.v to ;:rerrii."'''' '"^ ""■°""""' " ""^ •» "•"■-■•-.«'-"• 
 
 '■ I'ERIAKTERITIS .NODOSA" seen as n«l„,„r tl,i.ke„ 
 ings of adventitia. "iiii>en. 
 
 •ARTERIES "-Arteriosolerosis, ,s.vn.) Endarteri,i,.„e. 
 forraans or Atlieioma. 
 
 ..,., „i„„ a„d '''^•"'.f I"""" n<-<>osis. tl,en fatt.v de^e- 
 
 I" -.atous plaiTZr"'; •; t .Cri^lo^tt'T " 
 
 .«". cet an atberonmtous nicer forS "'^ '""'™' 
 
30 
 iiine^;lS ..? Wh.'7nHf '"'"'^ irregularly over tl.e 
 
 atheromatous u leers. ^Pssffi. to 
 
 VEINS. 
 ^.^^ These show the same ehauges as are seen in the arte- 
 
 URO-GEXITAL SYSTEM. 
 KIDNEY. 
 
 ' KIDNEY "— n 
 
 ':iMiV 
 
 wellin}?. 
 
 ^IL'i''""^' ^"'^ ''""y -ieRenn-ation of liver 
 
 dUion ., epithelial oelU lining Bown^^f^p^™'"^ "Z 
 »o marked in straight or collecting lublLr ^"' 
 
37 
 k uut lo pioinineiit vesHt'ln of medulla ». 
 
 t^: ;;,:i;:":r"'- r"",-' '-•'- •■-'' ''."."'<-.v" : '";:,' 
 
 ilobulni. a(f,.rent and Klomcnilai- vi-».,.l„ ..UKoix-cd ivii , 
 1" places, the amount d,.|H.,..liiiL. „,„,„ «.v,.,.if nf .« 
 
 ti«*U. oedematous surfaco Vonm^ „f..ii„4 '•"'«»i 
 
 '^ KIDNEY "-Scarlatinal Nephritis. 
 In.d IV''^^^^; ^'"^''^^I — ^'"onnd interlobular, afforont 
 l""^d infiltration. Beneath capsnle and at termina 
 
38 
 
 pointH of iiitiTlobular v«.hh..|« ti...-. t 
 
 "«»HHeH with btt«. to ., Hul T ; •"' ''*^'"-'''"''**'' 
 
 <»therwiHe. tiK^siLn ^xr;s^,!;r'''' '•^••"•-r- 
 
 »'«,r.. paienchvinntouH m-phrlt H " ""' '" '" 
 
 i» one of the tvi«.- ..f <i . '"^'^'""f'""- <'oiHlifion 
 
 tratiou *^ ««iiKeHt.on and haen.onlu.K'h. Infii- 
 
 t 
 
 " KIDNEY "-Ani.vloid I>e»reneiatlon. 
 
 AM) ETIOMMJV :_s,,. a,„,,„.,, 
 
 PREPARATIOX 
 Liver. , 
 
 tubules. Tr;eHrni;„,r'"'*'"*''^ *'^ "'■""■•v 
 
 and homoge eVn ";^^^^ 
 
 reddlHh-violett ft; Vli'Sth H,J 'r*''- •'^'^•^ ^"•^•" "" 
 f»ttv degeneration. M v mt ;m '""•■ ""'"'«" 
 
 Hbrobla.tK and tibroun tLt. '"**'''''*'"' '""'•^•"•^'* '•'^ ''oth 
 
 "nifc^mli'g!^;.^;;';)^^;;;?'''";;"'"''^"^' "•'" ""^^ ^'-'•••. 
 
 ■•KI[)NKV"_c|,ro„if Intcreitial Xepliiitis. 
 
 proMf^s- 'A,:e:„a7!,;:;'""'x:":?";r :■","■ ",• - 
 
 patches from <-^i»«ni*. t . V • ''^^ wedge-8h{ij)ed 
 
 •1 J '''«I>»"le to the apict's at tiie basf»M nf ti.^ 
 
 ..vranuds. In centre of «.nr.). A/ *\ " . *^^ ^"*^ 
 
 Aiound this ,8 a great proliferation of fibrous 
 
:5!) 
 
 liMU**. with HlMi»lila«rK anil |f.|i«NMvi..« *-i . 
 
 ;.r. .jn.«,,,,,H, ,,,,,, ' l,;;::^::™^;;!.; ;:;:•;;,;: : 
 
 oim fmin iiijitiinnl ronfia.titm TnA- ..# i " """ 
 
 ;r:". "• ;.' '- ■'i-'"--! .m.. '•:™:.:'. 7:;:::, : 
 
 ™ IK „ ,.|.,,,-. ir,„..|„.,v„, „„„ii,i„„ .„ ,„r,„ r„i, i,L 
 
 tlllM«l*llllci>u ,\. ,,.,1 ii ^lillllliail Uf«(». 
 
 aid". . • .'; r '"" '"""""^ "^ '"'•'•^' '" ^'"^ '•••••'"•V. 
 
 seen Ml, 
 j^ranuiiii 
 
 i,«' 
 
 trenu* caMfs, 
 t^he calices. 
 
 u....... Fm,mMH!.v. rynts of ail HizJ a«. 
 
 ^ " ' On section rovh'X iian-owecl, roii-h 
 ;- •! i ««'e, and may confain multiple -v^rM' 
 V -f ■'.'.,• than UHual and <ontnirted iii cx- 
 
 "=Ms shown lai'K.. imreasr of fut around 
 
 '•Kll)XKV"_A,tc,i,»Sde.oti... 
 The only diffeience l.etween Cinlinfi,. m.wI v . • 
 
 Im inf. *•..", '*"* l'»-<»^M-e88, whih- in the f(.nne,- 
 
 ;r'tLe nf .'T^'?' '"'■'"' "*"""^ P'<»if«Mation takes Zi 
 
 .11 ,^*'^'"' '■'"""'••^'^*' tisHue outside the vess* 
 
 lis leading to mo,v advaun-ed induration and <•< u t, ' 
 
 t>on of stroma, with more extensive defeneration of 
 
 se< retin- epithelium of th.^ tubules. 
 
4i) 
 •■KII«EY'-E„,1„ S„„„„™,iv,. .NV„„H,i„ ' 
 
 oacTt'l'ia IJKlirc in hiiimII (•■ii>;ii...: p,"»ui«hiij 
 
 i^ ;," t;i. oiu ',;^:,.iH,':;"';;r ■'■'■"""•■" • -■•■*'■ ■ 
 
 "■••■"'^ "- "■"' -< -•■ r-nni..;'';;:,;.,. \!!z.^'z;::- 
 
 ETiOLCMfV :— Here spcmiuI.,.., ^ 
 
 -"r,.,.,',,.. J:,;,;™;:: i,,,:';:;:;;*"" '""''"•■ -' ><'<>^> 
 
 •IvIDXEV-iufaiHt. 
 
 ...aH^'r:::;.^^ - "■ - -- - f.-.. >•,.. 
 
 vns<nlar channHs and sin„ses-this is H o w! , v 
 latum necrosis -ui.T fitf.- .1 • ^"""^^♦*« "v coaKH 
 
 i",."l„,<l .MUI til,. tl««n,. ,s ,lcn8,.l.v iiidUnited with I,.,,,..- 
 
41 
 
 •vtes or Hbroblasts. This ti.Huo n.av <u-uani/,. with or 
 t..\. II ,. ' ♦"lit' ina.x 1)(< am .-o Or, from uah- 
 
 "KIDNEY*— IntVctive Kmbolir Infarct. 
 
 ■• KIDNEY ■•-! |<,„.,„i„. 
 
 ""'lai- epithelium (omparativelv h<M.lthy 
 
 MArJtOS. EXAM :-(N,rtox j.ale and onhu-cd 
 ;;a-Hu.ha,e.. Pvramids pink with hacniorrl.;;!:;::;:! 
 
 litHJar 
 rcase 
 r juid 
 Tu 
 
 with 
 th«Mr 
 
 " KIDNEY "-Svphiiitir Giunmata (rare.) 
 .^^ j.;;;;>>^i'ally situated near surfaeo of cortex. Same a. 
 
 "KIDNEY "-Miliary Tuhmulosis. 
 
 i»!*eminatcd uiiij. 
 
 ETI()L()(;y :-Part of jxenera! or d 
 '■ry tuberculosis. 
 
 MI('I{()S. EXAM :-Miliary tubercles as in Liver -.r. 
 -en ar<M.nd .nterlobular arteries with reactive interlli.ial 
 
42 
 mflau.nu.tion in tiu-ir nHpjhborhood. Tv,M<nl .rjaut ,.(.|ls 
 
 tue 8ize of a pin h head; also throutrhouf ,HMipl,e,y of ro,- 
 
 ■• KIDXEV •'-T„b,M-.ula,- PyeI<M.n.hntiH. 
 
 L.pnifn'^JH!/^*'^' '""*''■''"• ''-^"-"^i"" of tulHMVulosis of 
 genito-nnnarv passajje, 
 
 MK'KOS. EXAM :_Tub(M-<nlous .aseation ^^xtends 
 
 ICb" *" ""' '^"■"•'^ "'•"'"'^^« ^---d" .OH."!;;-: 
 
 MArKOS.EXAM .-Caseation n.av involve wLoI. oi- 
 lman producing nodular n.asseH on sin-fa.e/ V, I s f 
 
 nate lal. Contents a yellowish. ,heesv n.aterial o,- vel- 
 low.«h hn.d. The whole <,f the ealiees' nn.y be slo„, od 
 ott-8am(> process seen in the jH^lvis of th<. kidn.M. 
 
 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. 
 Sl'LEEX. 
 •• SPLEEX " -Active HyiHMaeniia. 
 ETIOL()(;y .-In malarial and typhoid fevers in i„ 
 
 MICKOS. EXAM :-In.-,eased an.ount of blo.>d in .in 
 uses-.nerease of lyn.plux-y.es. espeeiallv in Mai pi . , 
 '^''Z^\ K-lothelial <.ells linin, lyn-ph chanJ.'f; ^ 
 
 ond . If eond.t.on leads to ae,«e intlamn.ation. the en- 
 <'othehal plates in the adenoi.l netvv^uk at-e increased n 
 
^"-.t- W'm^' 
 
43 
 
 TlZl^ll ''I'^ *^ '^"'-''.vteH acrnn.ulato i„ Muu.... an.l 
 tion affec-tinp Malpijjhian loipuHcIeH 
 
 MACROS. EXAM :-0,.^.an e«lar«,Ml. ..a,malo t.M.se. 
 On section, dark ml, nof t. diffluent and vaHnJar. 
 
 The dark red turns t„ hrij;ht red on exposure to .he 
 a.r Malpi^luan corpuH. les niav stand out as urevish 
 «pots. Later stages orpin small, c-apsule wrinkled. 
 
 " SPLEEN "—Fibroid. 
 
 ETIOLOGY :Repeated or prohnijr.Hl attacks of f,.|„ile 
 •dJ^^hi?;^'"'''""' "• Hekets and congenita, and 
 
 „«e;^"T^. ^^':^^* =-<'aP«"l-. traborulae, walls <,fsin- 
 men, and advent.tia of vessels thi.kened from Hhrous 
 tissue proliferation. Adenoid sheaths of arteries 3 
 malp,«hian bodies more fibrous with diminution of Ivmi.h. 
 
 '''''' ^,':^^^'^ ^I-d^ pigment, .-alls also pipnented. 
 
 31 A( KOS. EXAM :— Capsule thickened— orijan firm 
 possibly contra<-ted, thickened fibrous bands run., : 
 through pulp f,.om capsule. Pulp brittle, of ., dirtv ." "- 
 ish-red color with j.ossibly b.ownish pifrment. ' " ' 
 
 •' SPLEEN "-Clir-onic Veno.is Conjrestion. 
 
 ../''^^^^^f^'^' ■■-Oh^tvuvtUm to f,ve How of blood 
 
 d "S'o^nrh^nr '""'• ';■'■' '^-Pl.vseu.a.and valvula 
 I f^. ''^"'■^- J-'*'"'''""! portal obstiuction. e.y ('i,-- 
 
 i-hos.s of Liver, or obstruction of spl,M.i,- v.-ins 
 
 uiH^h/'T^- ''^'^^^ -^^'^^i^*' venous sinuses enj,o,.,,,, 
 >Mth blood fieneral deposit of m^.-ons tissue tluo,;.| out 
 
 r/- ?"■ r^Tu -^^""^•''^ «''^^'^''« «»'-i«l. vessel ws 
 hickened, fibrous trabeculae thickened. ,uusc, lar t .s ' 
 hypertrophied in capsule and fabeculac (^, i , ^i^. 
 ened fi-om localized proliferation of fibrous h-ss.u w ' . 
 shreads Of granulation tissue ^as villous p.-ojections ;::,;. 
 
 nient (as m nutmeff liver) ' 
 
 MACROS. EXAM:-Orj;an enlarged, heavy, n„d 
 
44 
 
 tliickeuiug of tmbeeulae tu naked e.ve * ' """''"' 
 
 " SPLEEN "-lufHitt. 
 Sec lufaict of Kiduey. 
 
 " SPLEEN "-Wax.v-Sajro. 
 ^.^ PREPAKATION AND KTIOLCHJY : Hee Aunloid 
 
 MICKOS. EXAM :-A,nyloid rhaiiLr.. Ih .onHn.d .1 
 ".ost entirely to the Malpim.ian eo,,M.se es Tun.,' I 
 :';:^-->'«* am a Kn.all an.onnt of adenoid tissue n.' 
 
 <!■ The Hmall aitenoU.8 ninninfr f,,„„ Maiiniiri.i,,,, ,,>,• 
 
 I.us,le« show sli^^ht An.vloid de^^eneration. Th 1 t 
 
 pen., pulp are an.vloid deposits i„ ,,.,^,11 nZ^^ 
 
 lines betwen «l. InunopMieous i-eddish-vi(»let 
 
 «"»<• « I. stu. On section. Malpi^hian bodies stand out on 
 s-Muewhat reddene.1 baek-jj.ound as gelatinous .'ss" 
 
 masses take on niaii.^i-ny hjown tint. 
 
 "SrLE:,X"-l>itr„se Waxv. 
 
 M)L0(;Y .-See Anivloid 
 
 PREPARATIOX .\\|) 
 "1 Jn.l|,,Kl„„„ iKHlv is K,.,„.,all.r Ki„„i,). K,Nl, lioi-H 
 
 ;.;;;;;.;._^a,,a «,,,,e „„,,<„,, .,„,,„,, ..„„„,„,. „ ^;„ , ^ "l^ 
 
 MACROS. EXAM :_0,.f.„„ „,„,,, e„|.„.j,,..d. ..j^,.„ 
 
4.'> 
 
 a,iHpa,.Hnj.„.,d KHatino..H. U.r n.al.«Kanv w, ! , 
 tion on addirion of lodlm. Holutiou. 
 
 " HPI^KKN " -htMikaciiiia. 
 
 KTlOUM}V:_('o„Htant Iru.-.M.vroHiH i„ Ln.ka.u.ia. 
 
 1- ,1 J ^'"* '""'I'lKliian hodU'H in«v h,. hviHMfio. 
 
 1 w i;:;;:.,:!;;z'- ^'•'"--" -n..o,..,di..n!;;.!r :';;;. 
 
 •"•-"•"'•H.aK,.K, with poKHibly infants. (,„ J..,i . 
 
 -^;;n.ouH,tinn.witho..witl..n.t p.-onmu-nt n.alpS.i:;. 
 
 "SI»LEKX"_TulH.nnloHis. 
 
 KTIOUMJV :-HHdon, or n.v.r p,i„.a,v lmmhm-.IIv 
 j|".-t of a n.iliary tul..nuloHiH o,- ...ondln-v to Vl.iK is ! . 
 m otliiM- parts of t]u- bodv. 
 
 .an. \<Mi n.ay ^M-t larj;,. .-aseous u,h\uU>s. about siz,. of 
 pea or .Ihmtv— i-siiecialiy in .hildien. 
 
 • SPLKEX "—Syphilis. 
 
 You inay ^et Kun.niata. usually multiple, with c.-ntial 
 <l('}?ene,.at.on and tibrous striation at peripluM-y 
 
 Diifuse fibrous liyp..rplasia fmpnMit and 'almost ron- 
 stant with conjjcnital Syphilis. 
 
 '' LYMPHATK^ OLAXD "-Tuberculosis. 
 
 fl.o V'!J^:?^^' •r'*^''*' Bacillus of TubfMTulosis reaches 
 

 MICROCOPY RSSOlUTKm TBT CHART 
 
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 16S3 East Main Street 
 Rochester. New York 1*609 
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4ti 
 MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION .-Hmall tube.rleH 
 
 tls ^ith caseation as a more advanced chanije T es 
 ■nay be snrionnded by a zone of small ro^nd His in 
 
 r.s-rs.sis.':- r.,3-"" " ■=-« 
 
 DUCTLESS GLANDS. 
 ADRENALS OR SUPRARENAL BODIES. 
 
 disei'se'^nd^;«^1 •-'^^'•^P^'-^' '^ »««ociated with Addison's 
 uisease, and is also seen in old age 
 
 febd'e'^cS^^^ ^« ---^^^ -ieh 
 
 ^:7'^!:^L ""'' ^" '"-- - •-- ^•obulr^..;^ 
 
 >vitir\^nfvfn^H^^^ :-Aniyloid Degeneration is associated 
 «itli annloid degeneration of other organs and tiles 
 
 possibl^v in the medullary vessels, bnt in a lets marked de-' 
 
 tran^c^nt"'^^^?f' T*!i' '''T •" ^"'«^^^^' ^ «-^!- 
 nans ucent. \\ ith Iodine solution, the mahoganv-brown 
 'vaction may be produced. """Mn^ Dioun 
 
 fnim*!^^^^^^^^'"^ -—Cysts are rare, examples of these are 
 J|Muid in echinococous cyst, and in haemirrhagic inflltia 
 
 ADRENALS :-Tuberculo8is is here found in tv. 
 <;|-m«, viz As Miliary Tuberculosis in the ortex or as : 
 Pnmary chronic tuberculosis of the Medulla. Th s /tne 
 ' ommonest lesion found in Addison's disease 
 
k 
 
 Kf 
 
 47 
 
 to tha^'^e ^.:;:^'''''"'"^'^"'''^ •« ^— "^ —da.. 
 THYROID GLAXM. 
 
 .■|^a«ed secretion ., ..UoirZe,- :a„.^.r,.S Srh',' 
 Hmnnels may dilate-hencl have aT^^sSar Go'it.;";'"'"'' 
 
 GENITAL SYSTEM. 
 
 MALE GENITALS. 
 
 TESTK LE8 r-TubercuIosis. 
 
 MICROSCOPICAL EXAMI\ ATinv • r' 
 
 "f scar tltt e as 'n svnl,n?. r "° ""'^'""•y '" formation 
 ■rvmis, „nt ltZ;i^'^ taSr^^aTa-n^ ^-s^^f 
 
4.S 
 TE.STlCLKH.-S;^phiJiH. 
 
 ".ore vnrilyT^ZZui " '"'"'"• '^'" ^"•"•'•'"» ^^I-- -' 
 MICK08C0PICAL EXAMIX VTinv • v : 
 
 "suall.v starts in the testh- h it^^if / , ~^'''* '""'"^'* 
 to «'i)ididvniis T i l^ * . *'^' <*'^^«*"J>"ff secc.iHhiiilv 
 
 'lifftMing fronl tuLe^luML.'" ''"' ^'»»"""^-- f'""'- Thus 
 PROSTATE.-I»,o8tatitiH. 
 
 onK).o«tatTti:\xj^;' \i:/r»-^ 
 
 •onditions in other organs "' '"''*' 
 
 or b;rwrs,:!;;'e™ 4" V,';.;.f'?;:,.;';r" "- ■ ;"'-" 
 
 snuff. ' e^n i)ia(k particles resembling 
 
 FEMALL GENITALS. 
 OVARIES. 
 
49 
 
 forniufiou or in K,Mi...al Hh.oHiH. T|„.h.. r, Jlit n" k . .w 
 
 mmo nu.r,.K|.opi,. vluxui-rH an in <.tluM orL ^ S ,r,.^.n 
 
 "Tn^Mv^r'''-"' •?/' "'"'""^ "'^-' ^'-Vnl-nopau :"*-"" 
 
 mu.v fonn Jar^e niaHHOK or niiliaiv fub.Mrl..s' Cvk s .n v 
 
 H i.ill.^ mtl, rliion.c- oophontiK. <'o||oid oi- nivxoi.l rvKtK 
 may form a» tw<. diffcr.Mit vari.<fies viz •_ '"• ^"'" '•''*^'' 
 
 (a). CJLANIULAK CVSTOMVTV • ' m... r 
 ;nn.^ona. restK or .urfa;i'';:?^;^];i^r'M .r^n;!, Im^ 
 
 Hian';"lir.'^f "■ "'""' """"■ ''^"-'' '"'v- lining o • i 
 Hial M.|i8: lu-v may proje.t into .vstH vvI.oko nM.h.nts 
 
 t . "nc naV"'"M "'" '"""-"^ ';""'"''^'"' '"J"""<.VKton.a, o .1 
 t. len,,n.n). Ma<ro8.opi,ally tla-y form mu tilocuJar vyMh 
 rtllpd with ffelatinouH Huid. S, niP Hmall (VHts mav ,m 
 
 ou« .-.VHtH. projections fron. Hurfac-.-. of oy^-l^ Srui. 
 
 ^r^/%ii:^i!^'''''T':' I>.-oj,M.tions ar,: .-onT.ms'd of 
 stratified ciliated opitlielnim. .Marros.(.pi,aI!v t|,e siir- 
 r F^MVun";' vll^ «;anliflower-lik,. projltions 
 DERMOID <^\STS :-In tliis form vou mav L'et si... 
 P e c.vsts containing only epidermal strnc i V w ,,,."'' 
 
 The contents are thick greyish material «,f fattv etri «" 
 
 FALLOPIAN TI'BES. 
 
 SalpinKitis 18 generally secondary to an inflammation 
 of uterine mncons memb: ne or to localised per on i" 
 
 Mno'tdifJS' ;""""?;•''"" '"'"^^ nitarrhilsalTin^: 
 tis). not differing f.-om other inflammations of the nm- 
 
 ;i;'"^H^"„";r,Lt' "" """' «" "" •" '■"••>'"■"♦■"■' <»'•>■•"""• 
 
 From a prolonged acnte attack or repeated acute in 
 tlanimations the condition mav become clm.nX rcl.ron?; 
 catarrhal salpingitis). This form mav be a"soc ited w^th 
 flieat proliferation of connective tissue ^*'''*'*^'''^^'' "^'^^ 
 
 Tuberculosis (Tubercular salpingitis) mav affect this 
 o'jran as a primary or a secondary disease: eg miliary 
 
r.o 
 
 'oirun ciweouii with ShrTn. .f;^ ,"• ""' "'"i""" Iw- 
 nil.,.,.., and Lnb mu^.„ im."""',"''. ''"'""' •■"■"■"("•n of 
 
 i.im,i.,i,i„„''.rLVi'ZTi:iLT,t:l''"''',l',„;;r"l, •-''•••• 
 
 or imiy not be pivnent. "*^ rwHue. Oiaut wIIb iuu.v 
 
 UTERL8. 
 
 (septic puerperal endometr^ 18) ^ ***"* PueriH-riun. 
 
 PLACENTA. 
 
 berc-lentnTSaTe^o'^r lat*''*'. «*T*"- «« -.all t„- 
 ti.8ue between the WUi '"''"*^*"*^ ^"'^^ phuental 
 
 KunnSf " ""•"" " ^'^^ '^''^"^^ •-^"-^^- for,., and as 
 
 BK^nay or >on-malioxant TrMORs. 
 
 i-'IDROMA. 
 
 MVXOMA. 
 
 Occurs in sul 
 latter as polypi), au.. a^ 
 Dect:ve tissue tumors*. 
 
 "^ 'suhmiif-ujis tiBsu.ifs (in the 
 
 H'lative process in the con- 
 
•'- 1 
 
 origin. fonn\ delU'LVitt^^^^^^^^ "' "kl. 
 
 tiH...e in poor in blood >^hMh «"t,.rl«dnK HbrllH. tIu- 
 
 «f»ro;,H traS ae r n Ltn r"''" '"'••""" '''""> '»'»'«'l' K 
 HauH' eoii8i8tt'u«. as niucul ' ' ° ""'"*' '■"***•♦• "^ 
 
 LIPOMA OH PATTY TIMOR 
 
 TKh in blood vesselB ^''*' tiabecuJae are 
 
 lOf llbrou. trabetulae •'' "'*'' «"'''"'' glMt™- 
 
 rHOXDROMA OU CART.LAO.Xors TrMOK. 
 
 hmi8t. u'lvar^ Kiands, testicles, lung, skin and 
 
 <"!» and enrapaulat^ 'obulated, arm, elastic, oartilagin. 
 a.or.7r^wK^Jt''o'^rttr;"'^"" oarHlagin.,., ,„. 
 
 OSTEOMA OR OSSEOUS TUMOR 
 
52 , 
 
 or cartilage or their neighbouring connective tissue- in 
 «erous membranes and in organs, ?.g., testYranri:;u.ot!S 
 
 MICROSCOPICALLY and MACROSCOPIC VI I Y 
 they resemble bone tissue either of the s^ong^-^or 'c'ointm' 
 
 MYOMA OR MUSCLE TUMOR. 
 
 Occurs wherever muscular tissue is present e ir in 
 mnsHl" • ^^'^ 5^'*"'« °^^y ^*^ distinguished acc^;dii^; as 
 orrfnraractlr' ^^-«-^--") -" «tri,.d ^^^ 
 
 MICROSCOPICALLY these have the same chn-... 
 ters as muscle tissue. tharac- 
 
 MACR08C0PICALLY, the tumor is fi,.„, fleshv el.s 
 
 arl^ted'^^ ''^° ?^^'*^^- ™"-'^' -rcLSid 'en. 
 
 capsuJated, with connective tissue trabeculae. 
 
 NEUROMA OR NERVE TUMOR. 
 
 or as^'ganglion "1""''*^' ""'^^ ''^'*^« ^"^ -^« ^' — )' 
 LYMPHANGIOMA OR LYMPHATIC TUMOR. 
 
 ■,., /^"^ ^'*h**^ *o an occlusion of a lvmi)hati< vessel win. 
 dilatation of its distal areas, or to an a tual overLowth 
 of lymphatic channels. Macroglossia (tong e) and m ,cro 
 eheiha (hp are good examples of the fomer t°7,e In 
 
 IvZhT^'*^^"'' '^"''^^ '' obstruction to fm' outflow of 
 >mph from organ leading to cystic dilatation of pre-ex 
 IheH?, ?'n P^ channels, flattening of their lining ^ eiido- 
 thehal cells, pressure upon surrounding tissues leadinrto 
 their atrophy and replacement by conntcti^e tissue ^ 
 
 .HAEMAXGIOMA OR BLOOD TUMOR. 
 Two varieties are distinguished, vix.: 
 (a). CAVERNOUS HAEMANGIOMA .-Marked dila 
 
 with blood. (recognized by the shape and character of the 
 red blood cells). These may be seen in the skin Lnd vi« 
 cera, especially in the liver. 'The same changes take place 
 in the intervascular tissue as in lymphar-oma. 
 
53 
 
 .MA.\(,I(hMA .—Here the bulk of tumor is formed bv an 
 a.tual overgrowth of blood capilhiries. rhe"e m V e 
 seen as masses of arterioles with thick muscular w- Is • 
 a« 8.mi>le tubes with endothelial lining. The e J,' Hi 
 m.r^.wth may become so n.arked as'to HuggesI an en'u ' 
 
 MACROSCOPK'ALLY these are seen as «- birth 
 
 teiial dilatation or overgrowth), or poH wine (when due to 
 venous dilatation) color. The capillarv form d'^s not 
 project beyond the surface of the skin, and te color d-s 
 not disappear on pressure. 
 
 The cavernous form projects, as a tumor, bevond the 
 surface; except in the liver, in which latter position it s 
 di-stinguished from a subcapsular lu emorrhage b cuttin' 
 
 EPITHELIAL NEW GROWTHK 
 
 These tumors are derived from the epiblastic and 
 
 hypoblastic germ layers. The simplest form is that of 
 
 non-niahgnant epithelioma w^ere there is a simple h per 
 
 lasia of epithelial cells especially of the skin. These^u - 
 
 peai to be vvell circumscribed and their base is formed bv 
 
 K' t rtibr"'' ''Ir ""'''' ^"™ ^••«^«- much'esen^ 
 
 not ?nfilt,..ff/^r i^«l*'"«'r'^'- '^^^^^ epithelial cells do 
 nor mtiitrate the deeper structures. 
 
 ADENOMA OR GLAND TIMOR. 
 
 These are benign tumors which spring from glands 
 MICROSCOPK^ EXAMINATION .—There is a mark- 
 ed pro iferation of the epithelial cells lining the gla St 
 «nd Mith tins overgrowth there is a sprouting, as it ^v^e' 
 
 rLnl/'T-^f'.^""'*'""'^'^^ ^*'*^^^" *'"' oo^nnective t s-' 
 sue bands which tissue may also proliferate. These new 
 g ands may either take on the form of those from which 
 hey originate or they may become somewhat IrregulaM 
 foim. The epithelial cells, however, are seen to be^^e 
 'Ml a basement membrane which they never penetrate ex- 
 ept when becoming malignant, although tliev mav form 
 •negular masses within the gland tubes and adni " 
 
 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION :-Or the ' mucous 
 
54 
 
 «cribed, non-inflltra ting and not «iif' '' I'^'^'^'-t'.^' « i'-.m-' 
 structures. On section th.t! ^'^^'^V^'^t to surrounding 
 whitish or reddish pink in ^0.0.!"?'* 'f "^"d^-'-atHy Urn,: 
 fibrous capsule. ^""^ ' '"'"^''^^ surrounded hy a 
 
 EPITHELIAL CYHTOU VT V .. 
 ial tumors characterized bvth^f "^'""**^.vof ejuthel- 
 spaces lined with eSelium !/« i"h '"-^^^^^ '"'•*>'« '^^stic 
 «ame way the glands in aDevomvt'^^ "**^- ^" ^^^ 
 
 tation, forming cysts. Into I^oHit^^' '"'•' ""^^''«" d''^" 
 mors papillary ffrowtl« «.. ^^ ^^'^^^^ varieties of tu- 
 
 In adenoma .^ihou" c>st l^^""^y«^^»-i;«PiHif*^nnn. 
 
 projection into the ducts of mnn"^r ^ '*'''*' "'"•^- '«' ^ 
 ferum). ^^ ®^ papillomata (adenoma papilli- 
 
 MALIGXANT CONNECTIVE TISSUE TI'MORS. 
 LYMPHADENOMA OR LYMPHOSARCOMA. 
 
 atic l^lluril^LenTsTvS^^^^ overgrowth of the lyn.ph- 
 are normaUv pt"en aid ar^^^^^^^^^ '".i'''^' where these 
 Hodgkin's disLsr tZv fn.-.n •'"^i'*'-''^''^"'^**'*^ ^^ith 
 Jymph glands overthe wh*ole bod;""?L' .^°i.«':5«^'"-nt.. of 
 retain their shape and^o not tPiid f. •"?>^''d»«' «lands 
 
 SARCOMATA. 
 
 tissue '"' *'*"•" ^'^ ^""^P««^d «f embryonic connective 
 
 but ?nfllVr?triocaliv''and *«r''rr.''"'"^ ""' ^•"'^^"m^eribed, 
 the vascular channel^.''"*' 'P'"''^^ ^'^^^"S*^ the medium of 
 
 an emb^^nfc tvpe Te 7J' ''^''.^^^'' "'^ ^^««^'« being of 
 layer ot e ongaV^Jt^-^^ .elir'^ln '" '""'"•"^ "^ ^ ^'^^'^ 
 Hally wh^ father^S,T^^e veterV/ea^Ts S 
 
55 
 liands throughout tinanf^w in «*i. 
 
 out in nianv seotionH tn-t^nf ,.„... I V """'"'t to make 
 
 '•SARCOMA "-Small Kound-Celled 
 
 atel.v malignant "*''''''*'• ^'""«'- i« "'O''*''- 
 
 MlCRO*5COPIC EX\AII\\Tif»v . t 
 
 " SARCOMA "-Large «oiin(].«>l|,.d. 
 I'HndBaHv iirrh""' P™'*;?" "' ™»" ■•»"n<I-.elM, but 
 
 £ra'JL;es;^rpZ:iTs 
 
r.G 
 
 " SAKroAIA "-Kn.all KpinniM VIM. 
 Omii-H m Haine HlliiationH mu\ in of «:„„.. ..|,a,,i,.i..r 
 n h.,oH.-o,u..«llv «H tlu> oeher two va.l..ti.H, h„t f 1... ...n" a • ' 
 
 *' SA K( 'O.M A "— F.aiK«. Kpintilci ',.1I«.(1. 
 Huiunu ^'n ^"'■♦*^'"'"»'' varieties. TIiIh differs from H,„ail 
 
 Jje Ijraphat,, ,, and aro ,!,„„ ™e,.tl«,,„ V„ Tla. k",,"!:'; 
 
 " SARCOMA "—Recurrent Fihronia. 
 Oo<iirB e8|H.eially on the skin a8 niiilti,)lp erowtlm 
 
 ated's?':r'""'-\V''' .•"^ '■'■■"'' »- maei,";";,.,„g. 
 
 ated and interlacinK than in preeedinij varietie» formi .,, 
 m many cases matnre connective ti»«nt Tl,e ,"'■«'" "3 
 
 »iu8 18 one of the least malignant types. 
 
 " SARCOMA "Osteoid Sarcoma, 
 ostenm''''^' "'^Ji^uant form growing primarily from peri- 
 MirROSCOPICALLY the cells are larger than in the 
 
ft; 
 
 m.k.« of .alcureouH naltn. Theiv Ih ,,« true b„,a. o nu.tl , 
 
 mal:i.;;:;:r::;;s:""' '"^ ■^"""'^ ^' "«''''"""^'"" -^ »"'• - 
 
 *HAKC()MA"_I'H).-..nHitiiH or \n«k.llthir HaiToma. 
 
 OriiiiH in bialu i 
 Kland. 
 
 MiCROHCOPir.A 
 <«'Ile«l form. Thent 
 »ejH or di'lk-ute capili 
 formed bv tbene tellM 
 ally around veHsolH. 
 
 ranei*. t-^tn >Ui plexi.H and pineal 
 
 -Timor M a Mmall Hpindie- 
 
 are ^ mimu, siround Hmall veM- 
 
 . Uiei wallv iM.i ,^ frequently 
 
 . «'IJ*« n»ai,< be urrauKed coneentric- 
 
 ,- . lie eu tiir«'oiiH !«Mj <« Mrcur in ro .ml- 
 
 •Ml nm«8e« in coneenirH^llv , ,„»*.,m1 Hhorln 
 
 Tumor mu.v be flir.romai . iomafou^ 'sareomaton^ 
 adenomaious careinomatoo. .ur o-ttbromanM « r ,^^'' 
 KareomatonsinitHhastologi. .i;„„t,ier". *^ 
 
 " 8ARC«.MA "- \U .4^r Hareoma. 
 
 IT ard bone. 
 
 <«m|M»Hed of <-ell8 renem- 
 
 '■♦•lial eellH. Tliene form 
 
 eHemblinK thoHe seen in 
 
 ilular maHHeH Ih a verv 
 
 Onnrt* in trii skin, |.ia . 
 
 MICROSCOPE ALL^ 
 ''Mnj; much endothelial 
 round, or oval alveolar nu.Kh 
 nucinomata. Betwren l»»e»». 
 
 vaHrular tissue with a sma. auMMint of .oum.ctive tisHue 
 The eelh, at periphery of a. eolar s,.MeH are Lome wit 
 flattened or elongated, eoneentricallv arranged ndii 
 nately eonneeted with the tibrouH ti^.ue stroma Hms - 
 IC' ..ei,r ^'"••*^^"«"-*«- >^« — »« I-not.S uZtJn 
 
 " HARCOMA "-M.eloid or (Hant-Celled. 
 (hows either within shaft or epiphvses of bone or 
 
 ^^r raxmr'^^Th"*^^"""-^' 'J '""!"'•' ^^»''" -"''^'•- « 
 lower maxilla. They are moderatelv maligi t 
 
 MICROSCOPICALLV the tumorals one of the spindle 
 
 giant cells. These giant cells are manv times larger than 
 the spindle cells and have the same characters as the os 
 
58 
 
 under ho fli^"r«?nd IhZ^^'"^^^^ *" panbu.ent 
 
 fouiidinir 8ti .ictui^^r n. .? "<»»»«• rf nt to ull the -ur- 
 
 « SAR('03IA "-M.'lanotic. 
 
 ■s "Icturerto wL h f"' t'XtenHivHv tlu- surrounding 
 iiutiur««, to whHh It heconieH nioHt Hinily atta.he.l. 
 
 '* SARCOMA "-()Hteo..<ar,«n.a. 
 
 Turough the mass between these fells in ,.on*„ . u 
 ■laminatmn, and, ,n ,ome ™«e». Haversian .anal". """ 
 
 ),.fj»^rtT„'„xv^„-.ra^-^^^^^^^ 
 
 ' ipally composed of cancellous bone. sP^^nes, pnn- 
 
59 
 GLIOMA. 
 
 cells, and are, therefore, not truh^^Siunant XT^^-''' 
 jure surrounding? tissues bv pressure ni.! m '■/"■ 
 sometimes, suggest n.alignant growols """"-■ "" '^ 
 
 mmmm 
 
 ?i„n ti •'■ """ "' " «'■•'•'•• '■••'''I"'' «'• pink foloi On IZ 
 
 ^^.::^c.^^]^ji::^; •»-''-.> '.>-'- <'.-. ^'^.r™, 
 
 MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL TUMORS. 
 CARCINO'lA. 
 
 epith^e\TaT.lTl^hV"■^'^^'''^''^*^'*'* ^>- ^^^^ P'-<>lif*'n,tlo„ of 
 
 ^^::i^:rJ^</'^f^^^ 
 
 by pushing their wav between the muse n-. ml « 
 
 oh^nZp?^;f-rtor!^:d: oyi::;;!^!^^:^ i-t 
 
 «nu,ma of stomach, extending to liver through he o iTi 
 
 m-ol td"^ T?' lvn.ph glands in neighbourhood aV'".v 
 
 ^til ., ^"^ '•''nn^'tive tissue stroma never penetrate's 
 
 between these clumps of cells. * uares 
 
 EPITHELIOMA OR SgrAMOTS-CELLEI) fAXCER. 
 
 liunw^^fn"^" '"^"^ "^ "'^^ stratified or squamous ej.ithe- 
 uZion of H, """'■"':' "'-'»hranes.espe<.ially at poiits of 
 junction of these, e.g., lips, nose, labia, etc. 
 
60 
 
 •ells, enpeciaUy the p.tkU -nt of ^^1"; ^••"^""""h 
 areas, proliferate snL i f ^^'*' inter -papilla,•v 
 
 the ^ub^utan^ou^^tTuS fr et^^r IJ""'^ .*!'-"^'" 
 
 •esses; later irreifularlv thmLh^i . of llu,r,.r.iikt. ,,,.0- 
 iuUltrating verv extensivelv hS ^'"' '.vrnpluitic chaniels 
 I'art in cohmins orii nests ''''^" *"^' ^'^^''^'^ ''^ f"- 
 
 .ethj;: ^:;;^;;s.^f ;s^ ^^^^^ ^-'"<^ r'-*-^ ^- 
 
 and hornv, as on the « iifHri ..f t • !^ '' '"'*^'' ^«'''«»'"*' «J''v 
 <ells the' ellowish pZ- V s/^in ''"' ^'"' *''''*^« ^''*' '"'•«-'»> 
 
 are characteristic of epithelioma^' ' '''"'* '"^^^ 
 
 wartv, cauIiflower.sh.i,»»?\^^i 1 *^ • ~" T'"'*^*' fo'ni 
 
 -a, be irreKutr^L" rC^^^^^^^ -.-face 
 
 "ith extensive infiltration .nH .',...1 J ,"'"*'*' '** "''"» 
 
 its base. On sect on mode.".!^ «^ ''^ *''^ ^*^**'"-^ »t 
 
 Kniel-like HuW c^n be ^t •' *"•?.'= *''""^ **"* «'"'f'i'-^ a 
 
 j'-e,, which ma -"on'tain"^^:' ei;ft tli'u '"';* """"- 
 nests. The neiirl.hnn..;,.„ 1 . ^l"t"^"'»l jx^arls or cell 
 and Arm. ^ '^''"""^ lymphatic jjlaiuls are enlarged 
 
 RODENT r'LCER. 
 "PitliHium wwi-h i, aJ;;)' ' I' '■""["r" <" P»vo.m..,t 
 
 '••Ived, T„„,or "on, oV ,h '^^ ;"'l*. »'»"<''< a«' not in- 
 'lii-lioma-. "'■ ''■'"" ""il'snant forms of opi- 
 
61 
 CARCINOMA OR CYLINDRICALrELLED CANTER. 
 
 >n an po^tiooB where gland «tr„ctur :V"^:;:l?,;;;r 
 
 r.vlindHral SX,m Thi^ "^ ^'"' glandular 
 
 more atypical thoZ'thoSV ^-r""'^'* ''*'*'*^™*'*^ '""•«* ""^ 
 ti«8ue« oScted nart n'^ v'^^^^' spreading between the 
 «ize8. ThesrmaVform tnh^^^^^ ^"^ TreguUir shapes and 
 the bands of Seetl^e tLni^^ '»*'t^^**''» 
 
 also proliferated Tr« if ' ^^'''^'' ^" "^'^'^^ ^•"«"«' i« 
 1 •"•ixriuifu. inns from the tvnifni crion<i ^i 
 
 «ellg niav proliferate so tninVii. li ?Vu *^ "°" ^'"'''*^ 
 arv earcinoma ^ ^" ^""''"*' ^aremonia; (.). Mednll- 
 
 (b). SCIRRHUS CARCIXOAfV • n, .. 
 
62 
 
 aivtt may present 
 
 CARCINOMA CYLINDROMA. 
 
 o^•H„l*a^^n^eEnerti^r? ^' T'^^"- -»'-- " 
 of these epithelial Shp! w, m ^^^*'^ P'*^'** '» the centre 
 
 t-rouped a£>uuL"ele™In:i^;;^^^^^^ -"« «'- 
 
 -r on skin, nuK-ous n.e„,i;.L"esT„d ^S^!'^'' «' - 
 
 COLLOID CARCINOMA. 
 
 posit of a large amount of Pr.?^**I''«r " ^'•«'» ^''^ de- 
 «I.a<es frequents be"!ome .lohu^r n?'^*""^' /''^ "'^•*''>'«'' 
 ••i»i i« quite clear, honog^^^^^^^^ This mate- 
 
 'inaffeoted or only partial nT.tH *^«°«Parent. Some 
 this clear mass. TheYn^eralveoHf ''^"' T^ ^^ «^''° i" 
 affected and distinct '"^'''^'*''^"'«'' connective tissue is un- 
 
 te«tinesX:;"anTo;/r/™' ^^'"^'-^ *»-- - the in- 
 
 CARCINOMA MIXOMATODES. 
 
 degei^radoT "uoctr's in thT^'^^-^^^^^^ myxomatous 
 It occurs in the intestines and breast. 
 
 CxIANT-CELLED CARCINOMA 
 
 .oid or dropsical V7e^^.:t?ono?c'er''"^''-^''"^ ^^ -"' 
 
 MELANO-CARCINOMA. 
 
 ;_!. me,a„„.„a..e..ata and torl'^^,,, ^Z^VZL^Z^. 
 
 s.v4xi;\:\t;i:r-^-''-' "" '^^""■•*"-^«^-